Popular Science Monthly 1920-01: Vol 96 Iss 1

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wt Popular Science ~ Monthly VOLUME 96 January—June, 1920 Modern Publishing Company 225 West Thirty-ninth Street New York

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Copyright, 1920, by MODERN PUBLISHING COMPANY All rights reserved i : € a i : 4 ; 2

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JANUARY ,.., 20Cents Popular Science

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Popular Science Monthly | Waldemar Kaempffert, Editor January, 1920; Volume 96, No. 1 Twenty Cents; Two Dollars a Year Published in New York City at 225 West Thirty-ninth Street — | ~— ——— | — i. z | Stepping Off into Space The queer and sickening sensations that a flyer experiences when he commits himself to a life-preserver of the air By Major T. Orde Lees, late of the Royal Air Force {DozENs of inventors have applied themselves to the problem of providing an airplane parachute that will be as_ nearly perfect as possible; but it is one thing to step into space from a balloon and another from an airplane moving at more than one hundred miles an hour. When Major T. Orde Lees, late of the Royal Air Force, came to this country in order to demonstrate the efficacy of an English parachute called the “Guardian Angel,” the POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY invited him to give a special dem- onstration for scientific purposes. The experiment took place successfully off the Statue of Liberty in New York harbor on August 28. A drop from a height of less than two hundred and fifty feet was made. This is the lowest on record from any aircraft.—EDITOR.]} 7 IE memory of Lufberry’s tragic death still lives. Who can forget how the most daring of American fighting flyers vaulted into the air to de- stroy a heavy German armored machine that had been wreaking havoc for days, how Lufberry in vain poured in a hail of machine-gun bullets at his adversary, how his machine was itself struck, how he fell in flames, how he unbelted himself and leaped to his death from a height of eight hundred feet, preferring to commit suicide rather than to be broiled alive? Every thinking man asks himself then: Is there no life-preserver of the air? No way in which a man in dire extremity can save himself? The parachute at once suggests itself. Lufberry’s death yright, typifies the end of a hundred brave flyers on the side of the Invernationel Film Service Allies alone. Six thousand men, unable or unwilling to adopt Lufberry’s desperate expedient, were burned to death in the Major T. Orde Lees has air. Icanspeak with sone authority on this subject as a late just jumped from the fly- director of the parachute department of the Royal Air Force. ing-boat. He is easily with- A Petey . i h In view of the fact that no passenger ship is permitted to Sokate eeaasioes cae leave a port without an adequate supply of life-belts, it is as the picture testifies, utterly incomprehensible that a flying-machine, freighted his parachute is fully open with one, two, three, even fifteen passengers, is sent aloft without any provision whatever in the way of life-saving equipment—because the airplane parachute, when properly designed and constructed, has demonstrated its efficacy.

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We have been told that para- chutes are too heavy for installa- tion on machines in which ounces must be saved; but we have not been told that a serviceable para- chute need not weigh more than thirty pounds. We have also been told that parachutes are expen- sive; but can anything be more expensive than the loss of a Luf- berry? It cost the United States government about $15,000 to train a flyer during the war. The cost of the best parachute thus far developed is about $600. Cast aside all sentiment, all humanity, and consider whether $600 is too great a price to pay for the saving of a mind and a body that repre- sent an investment of at least $15,000 for training alone. We even hear it said that pilots them- selves will hear nothing of para- chutes. Butisit true? Has any vote ever been taken among the fifty thousand flyers of Great Britain, France, and the United States? The Germans, at least, were not Copyright, International Film Service. blind. In the last three months of Let us present to you Major T. Orde Lees, ready the war they equipped most of to embark on the POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY’S their airplanes with parachutes. experiment. Parachute-dropping means nothing The best authorities estimate that to a man who has led the Major’s life. He fought side by side with the doughboys during the Boxer from fifty to seventy-five per cent uprising in China, and again in the Philippines of the Allied aviators who leaped during the insurrection. He was a member of Sir to death from burning machines, Ernest Shackleton’s Antarctic expedition, and with or who were burned alive in mid- the rest of his party was marooned for six months ° “ on an ice-floe, and for four months and a half more alr, might have been saved by on an ice-covered isle from which he and his com- parachutes. panions were rescued, on the verge of starvation The problem of equipping the airplane with a parachute is al- canteen-keeper. Successful essays were made with this apparatus until a serious accident to Bon- net’s assistant, Bourrhis, and to his pilot, Lemoine, revealed the potential danger of this type, designed as it was to drag the aviator bodily out of his ma- chine. Before this, in 1910 to be exact, a well known English engineer, E. R. Calthrop, invented a para- chute which he calls the Guardian Angel, and which in its latest form has been officially adopted by the British government for use on all of itsairplanes. So far the British and French among the Allies are the only nations that have made the carrying of parachutes on air- planes compulsory. The failure of America to follow the British and French is certainly not to be attributed to lack of inventive- ness. There are at least a dozen American airplane parachutes available, among them the Folmer- Clogg, Irvine, Floyd-Smith, Jahns, Sperry, Watkins, and Broad- wick. Up to the present Mr. Calthrop’s Guardian Angel is the most thoroughly tested of all parachutes. The Guardian Angel has dropped nearly two hundred men. It is doubtful whether a score of drops has been made with any of the American para- chutes. In the two hundred drops made with the Guardian Angel there were but two fatal ac- most as old as the airplane itself. (arm “ge As long ago as 1913, Blériot at- } q \\ tached a crude type of parachute i! to his machine—a_ parachute invented by Bonnet, a French | Copyright, International Film Service. When you jump from an airplane traveling at one hundred and twenty miles an hour, this is what happens. You are literally whisked back in a flash. Then the parachute opens and you feel as if some beneficent giant were miraculously supporting you. As the upper picture shows, the rigging of the Guardian Angel is made of tape because it is not likely to become entangled in the pack, as is cordage cidents, and neither of these is attributable in any way to a failure of the parachute itself. One man, Boyle, was killed because the hook by which the para- chute-container was attached to the air- plane broke. The other man, Lieutenant Cald- well, perished because his life-line became en- tangled with the eleva- tor-rocker arm of the airplane, so that an im- pact officially calculat- ed at 2,150 pounds was suddenly thrown upon the harness around his body, with the result that the harness broke and Lieutenant Caldwell fell six hundred feet to his death at Dayton, Ohio, on June 11, 1919. The load was never transmitted to the para- chute itself. The problem of inventing a parachute suitable for use from an airplane resolves itself into these phases: the parachute must not entangle the rigging or any part of an airplane; its bulk when packed should not be more than one and one fifth cubic feet; and its weight not more than tai cal pai of fro ch: an tw but fro fee ing pal fee spe

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CES Saal ~~ Few eS SES SE ] ~~ wee WH twenty-eight pounds. In fulfilling these difficult conditions, Mr. Calthrop has produced a parachute that has what is termed a positive opening. In- stead of using cordage for the rigging, Mr. Calthrop adopts tapes; for thus he prevents entanglement. Each tape is folded backward and forward to form a pack in the manner of a common fire- cracker; the whole is secured by a rub- .ber ring. When the pilot leaps from his machine, the tapes are pulled out al- ways in tension, and for this professional aeronaut who drops from a balloon, to the admiration of thous- ands, at county fairs. Remember that the balloon is almost stationary, while the airplane may be traveling one hun- dred miles or more an hour. It is dif- ficult to hold up one’s arm in a swiftly flying machine—as difficult, for example, as it is to prevent one’s hand from being swept back when dipped into wate~ from a fast motor-boat. The mere physical task of rising and preparing to jun is With ordinary parachutes, most of which fail to open for the first three or four hundred feet, the kinetic energy of the aviator may: actually amount to more than two tons. Because of the aviator’s harness, this weight can be distributed by the body. But what an immense strain is thrown upon the harness itself and upon the life-line leading to the parachute, as well as to the umbrella! Clearly every part must be structurally capable of with- standing extraordinary strains. reason entanglement is impos- sible. PS The silk body of the para- chute is first carefully pleated around its periphery, reducing the parachute to a tube four- teen feet long by two feet in diameter. This tube is then packed, concertina-wise, be- tween two aluminum disks two feet in diameter, separated from each other by a six-inch tubular spacing piece. In op- eration the parachute is drawn ~ over the lower disk so that it actually leaves its container with its mouth already open, two feet in diameter. In its complete form the con- tainer resembles a large round cake two feet in diameter. All parachutes are approximately of the same size and shape. Parachute inventions differ from one another mainly in the character of their containers, and the methods of packing. The standard parachute is twenty-eight feet in diameter, but during the war the Ger- mans were using parachutes from nineteen to twenty-one feet. Mr. Calthrop is now mak- ing a scientifically designed parachute of only seventeen feet in diameter. It descends with a full load at no greater speed than the twenty-eight- foot parachute. For over one hundred and thirty years we have been content: with the twenty-eight-foot parachute. But a seventeen-foot umbrella, scientifically cut, can be made to serve the same purpose. The twenty- eight-foot parachute owes its inefficiency to the fluting that occurs at the peri- phery during flight. Mr. Calthrop’s new Guardian Angel assumes almost the exact shape to which it is cut, the peri- phery being polygonal in flight; that is, a straight line is formed from one tape to the next whe . it is fully inflated and supporting its load. The form of the parachute was determined by wind- tunnel research based on calculations made by Major Taylor, R. A. F., a mathematician of note, at the National Physical Laboratory in London. Far more is expected of an airplane parachute than of the huge umbrella which has been made familiar by the Mr. Calthrop has succeeded \ in lightening the task of the parachute by his positive open- ing device. The longer the drop before the supporting surface opens, the greater must the strain of necessity be. But the Guardian Angel opens within the first one hundred feet. Moreover, there is a rubber shock-absorber, which obviates the necessity of allowing for excessive margins of safety and which makes it possible to save some weight. In all experi- ments so far held with dummy and human loads, the Guardian Angel has invariably opened within one k. .ndred and fifty feet. Such is my confidence in the Guardian Angel parachute that, when the editor of the POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY invited me _ to make a drop from less than three hundred feet, I had no hesitation in placing myself at his disposal. On August 28 last the POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY demonstration took place off the Statue of Liberty in New York harbor. The craft used was a Curtiss flying-boat of the Trans-Oceanic Airplane Company; the pilot was Lieu- tenant McCulloch, who took the NC-3 across the Atlantic This is how the parachute drop looked from the torch of the Statue of Liberty. The Major jumped head-first from the flying-boat piloted by Lieutenant McCulloch. The experiment was conducted by the POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY to demonstrate jthat a parachute of this type will open, even though the flying-machine is less than three hundred feet in the air enough to give one pause. There is great danger that the parachute will be blown back along the fuselage while the avi- ator is sitting on the side, waiting to drop. The silk may foul and tear on some part of the machine, because it loses its forward momentum the instant it emerges and is whisked back close past the tail of the airplane. That being the case, is it not likely that the parachutist himself will be struck by the tail plane? Tobe sure he retains the momentum of the machine, and therefore travels horizontally for a breathless moment or two; but he also falls vertically. The opening of the parachute arrests this horizontal and _ this vertical motion. Ocean.. As a matter of scien- tific record, motion pictures were made by a man in the torch of Liberty and by another on a boat. The drop was successfully made at a height of about two hundred and fifty feet. This is the record for a low drop from any type of aircraft. It is beaten only by my own record of a drop of one hundred and fifty-three feet from the Tower Bridge, London, made on November 11, 1917. How does it feel to drop? The ques- tion is put to me over and over again. Jumping off in cold blood is always an ordeal, even to one who has dropped over and over again in a parachute. At the critical moment the question al- ways looms up: Will it work this time? There is a vertiginous drop. And then it seems as if a great, kind giant suddenly but gently grasps me, just as I seem doomed to destruction, and.. buoys me up so that I float gently to the ground.

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ee is The Bank Messenger and His Wallet A fT Chained Together ie ONE! The wallet full of bondshas been stolen! Imagine al the feelings of a bank messenger when he finds his had to pocket empty. ing-ro He betrayed himself when he first left the bank by uncon- of Chi | sciously patting the prize pocket, and the watchful pick- was tk pocket followed wearir this cue when It is they were. and h caught in a mater crowd together. granu Instead of thereii tucking the wal- foot is let out of sight, the ¢ a the new plan is penetr At eighty-three he still earns his living by selling ‘for the messen- tachec sawn driftwood—but the windmill does the sawing ger to advertise over t ; ° his work by car- the sk Why Don’t You Let the Wind Siheathe wallet prey Saw Your Wood? in his hand. It on the ‘ will be attached up an OR years, Louis J. Brotton, of Alameda, Cal., was an to the end of a The engineer; then for years more he earned his living saw- chain that fas- off wit ing driftwood and selling it. At eighty-three he had tens around his is pro grown too feeble to work the saw all day. waist. Every- when Did he giveup? Certainly not. Herigged up an eight- one will know keepir foot windmill and made it do the sawing through a belt. his business, but Of « A revolving platform is part of the idea. Thus, when That sinking sensa- A far better way that very know- be w the wind turns the windmill, the motion is imparted tion when a bank — would be to carry it ledge will be his other to the saw. messenger discovers openly in his hand, F . ‘ i his wallet is gone chained to his waist protection. besic The windmill is located on the front porch of the small friger: shack in which Mr. Brotton lives. Each day Mr. Brotton ; ; M goes in his rowboat to near-by beaches and gathers drift- j wood, which he saws into one-foot lengths and sells for Making It Easy for the Lineman = use as fire-wood. INCE the lineman who inspects electric cables from his airy wit perch cannot very well get out and get under, he has had to : oa 7 combine the feats of the contortionist and gymnast in order to What It Costs to Stop a Train see the under side of the wires. At least, that is the way he en ITH a grinding of brakes the train comes to a sudden has been in the habit of doing his inspecting until lately. stop. The conductor explains: ‘‘Nothing wrong. But now George Replogle, of Lafayette, Ind., hurries to the line- Just a signal set against us.”” Did you man’s aid, bringing a mirror with ’ ever stop to think that it costs money (—™— _—— = \\ him. to stop and start a train? = x ae In the lineman’s seat invented by ( A series of experiments in order to Mr. Replogle a mirror is attached ¥. determine this cost were made in ‘1905 to the travelers, and suspended ers, by J. A. Peabody, a signal engineer directly below the cable. The seat below on the Chicago and Northwestern, is both light and compact. The The and, although labor and material mirror attachment adds little to its a mul costs have jumped about a hundred weight, and it is not at all in the cupbc per cent since the time this estimate way when the lineman slings the are D. was made, the figures are still very device over his shoulder preparatory closet interesting. to climbing the pole to begin the Th Mr. Peabody took into account the day’s work. top, v extra wear on tires and brake-shoes, . Once he has the seat safely fixed Ala the extra coal required to work the on the wires, the lineman has only thoug air-pump in replacing expended air, to sit erect and propel it along the enous and the increased wear and tear on line he is inspect- pate engine and coaches. As the result ing, keeping his Mat ‘4 of his experiments he estimated that eyes on the mirror ~" the cost of stopping and starting to watch for sleeps and accelerating a train ranged from defects in those Th 35 cents for a six-car passenger train parts of the cable thas at 45 miles an hour, to $1 for an eighty- that are not di- break car freight train of 2,000 tons at thirty- rectly visible from the pi five miles an hour. The extra coal re- above. to p’ quired amounted in a number of in- : The seat is pro- Neve stances to some ten per cent of the As he slides along SF ‘|| vided with rollers hints total coal used. serusaty cutitne Rerleeuoe || and slides along pal Where two roads crossed with an av- chair the lineman OF WIRE easily, giving toa We erage of ten trains a day passing over _ has only to glance ) once unpleasant that: each road, the loss to both roads from ae tee i 2 job the aspect of pg enforced stoppages to let trains pass visible from above The seat is provided with rollers something like a out o was found to be $5,800 a year. and travels along the wire easily joy ride. start

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et A Fireless Cooker for Your Feet UPPOSE you were the manager of: a large packing-house and had in your employ several hundred employees who had to stand all day on the cold, damp floors of a refrigerat- ing-room. What would you do? Mr. Alonzo Newton Benn, of Chicago, was confronted with this problem, and the result was the invention of a foot-warmer. He is shown herewith wearing one. It is made in two sections—toe and heel—hinged together. The material used is preferably molded granulated cork with air-spaces therein. Thus the warmth of the foot is retained in the shoe while the coldness without does not penetrate. A flat steel spring at- tached to the heel portion reaches over to the toe portion and makes the shoe self-closing. When you step into the shoe you press down on the spring, and the heel comes up and closes. The top of the shoe is finished off with fur or felt; and a stopper is provided that fits into the top when the shoe is not in use, thus keeping the cold air out. Of course this foot-warmer may be worn in other places besides re- frigerators. This tightly fit- ting cork shoe, with air-spaces throughout and fur around the top, will surely prevent cold feet When Is a Bed Not a Bed? OU may expect to find a burglar under the bed, but cer- tainly not coffee percolators, toasters, and bureau draw- ers. Yet these things can be put there, as our illustration below shows. The bed is what is known as a cabinet bed and is used for a multitude of purposes. Besides the drawers, shelves, and cupboards underneath, the head and foot sections of the bed are partitioned off. In the head section there is a clothes closet and two shining electric lights. The foot section boasts of a mirror and a medicine-chest on top, with a closet for shoes placed most conveniently below. Alas! there is no icebox, though there seems to be enough space for one in the center of the foot of the bed. But, of course, that wouldn’t do. It might freeze the sleeper’s toes. The lady of our illustra- tion has just finished her breakfast; she cleaned out the percolator but she forgot to put away the toaster. Never mind; she will notice the oversight as soon as she turns around. We are not sure when that will be, for, you see, she has made a beauty parlor out of her bed and has just started working on her nails. He works in a refrigerat- ao tee ee -_ theory into practice, he will find himself quite warm __ shoes Before the student practises on a patient, he must first drill, clean, fill, and pull the teeth of a dummy jaw The Dentist’s Dummy RACTICE on the dummy—that is the in- struction given to the student dentist in the State University of Iowa. He learns to fill, cap, make inlays, and otherwise repair a pair of dummy jaws hinged together and mounted on a stand that may be adjusted to any angle. Thus the dummy jaws may be fixed in the different positions that the jaws of a patient would take. The. teeth are carved out of bone and represent teeth of the average size. The in- struments necessary are kept on a shelf near by, and the outfit also includes compressed air, gas, and electricity. By the time the student is ready to put necessary skilled in pulling, drilling, and hacking. Whistling for the Boss HE boss waiks up to the department manager’s desk. “Ts Mr. Harris around?”’ he asks the office-boy. ‘‘ Yes, sir, he’s around the place somewhere; I’ll get him,”’ replies the boy. He takes up the telephone and asks the operator to get in touch with Mr. Harris. Immediately a horn-blast echoes through the building: T’o0ot—toot—toot—toot! It is Mr. Har- ris’ code signal. Shortly afterward the telephone rings and business proceeds in its usual manner. The telephone will not always reach a man in a noisy factory, and as an executive’s business calls him to many different parts of the build- ing in the course of a day, the electric horn has been introduced as a signal to locate such men. The apparatus is a power- ful electric horn, wound for the ordinary voltages, and operated from a semi-auto- matic switchboard. The op- erator merely sets the de- sired code number on a dial and pulls a lever. The mechanism is thereby set in motion, and the apparatus automatically sounds the call on the horns scattered through the building, repeat- The man who invented this extraordinarily compact cabinet ing it. three times, and then bed certainly did not believe in wasting an inch space stopping of its own accord.

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Hattie Gets Her Semi- annual Bath ‘“‘TIXHE crowds gathered round to watch, when Hattie was given her semi- annual bath.” Be not alarmed; Hattie is an ele- phant and looks no different when prepared for a bath than she does ordinarily. Her home is in Central Park, New York city, where she is immensely popular. Her hide is scrubbed vig- orously, washed off, and Cave-Man Stuff in California TO, this is not a movie still of “Stranded on a Desert Island,”’ but a photo- graph of William Pester in his customary suit sitting outside of his town house at Palm Canyon, Cal. He has gone “‘back to nature.” He lets his hair and beard grow to suit themselves, wears a cheap and simple apron, and forages for his food. Spasmodically he makes sponged. Then, when it has dried, great jars of oil are rubbed into it. This keeps it from cracking. Two of these imassages each year are enough to keep Hattie in good con- dition. Hattie evidently enjoys them, for she submits very passively. He Rides with His Work NCE upon a time the “scissors man”’ used to tramp wearily down the street, his heavy grinding wheel slung over his shoulder; or else he rode in a little cart behind an old horse. It remained for a Frenchman to rise to still greater heights. We present him here enthroned upon his auto-grinder. Two automobile wheels suffice to carry his sharpening kit, the grinder and the small gasoline engine that pro- vides motive and grinding power. “we We are told by our Paris cor- . respondent that he has added two hundred per cent to his earnings. When Canal Meets River F you were building a canal that had to cut across ariver, what would you do? Let the canal run into the river and sta- tion a traffic policeman at the watery cross-roads? The people of Chaumont, France, asked themselves this same question when a canal they were building reached the banks of the Marne river. Their answer was the attractive bridge which is shown in the center of the page. Though it seems like a strange and original idea to build a bridge over water to carry more water, yet it is really very important to keep the two waters apart because of the tides and flood seasons to which the river is subjected. There are over three thou- sand miles of canals in France and they are used chiefly for lugging heavy merchandise such as coal and building materials. The canals are owned by the state and are nearly all free from toll. The larger canals have a depth of six feet or more, with locks one hundred and twenty- six feet long and seventeen feet wide. cess. / trips to the large cities and tries to convert the inhabitants to his way of living—with but little suc- When on these trips, he discards his one-piece costume and wears an old soft shirt, trousers, and sandals. Conquering a Stubborn Door N some parts of the South and West the prosaic cellar is replaced by a romantic cave in a hill- side. The old-style, half-recumbent cave door makes it unnecessary to construct a vestibule to the cave, but its weight must belifted every time the door is opened. This objection can be re- moved by installing a simple automatic lift consist- ing of a weight sufficient to balance that of the door and attached to the door by a strap or small rope passing through a pulley. Poc Perha E i in we havi our Pai but he over the less his is a ga saddene ordinar: at him Then descenc teenth- handed lock tie We i up his would | wrong. May and en; Now Tel F yc mos ordinal how w cut it i say sc worse did, sa way, tl} a half can ju The alread: where booths The b and th the hy in line almos' in the But squaré

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Poor Fido! —Or Perhaps He’s Diddums E is wearing the latest in Parisian hair-cuts,— we have it on the word of our Paris correspondent,— but he doesn’t look happy over the distinction. Doubt- less his name is Toto and he is a gay dog at heart, but saddened by the names that ordinary street pups hur] at him when they meet him. When It’s Summer in Japan EAD, feet, and a fan are all you see on the surface of the water in the picture at the left. Mr. Keishimoto, of Japan, is floating and at the same time fanning himself— holding the fan between his toes. But why should he fan him- self when he is almost entirely ae submerged in clear, cold wa- Then again, perhaps he is a descendant of some seven- teenth-century cavalier dog who aped the ways of his master and handed down the fashion of wearing the hair long, with a love- lock tied with a gayly colored ribbon at the end. We imagine he has heard about those dainty little ribbons tying up his forelock until he is sick of the whole tonsorial business and would almost change lots with an alley cat. But perhaps we are wrong. Maybe he’s called Diddums,—Diddums, as is a lap-dog we know,— and enjoys his degradation, not knowing what it is to be a regular dog. Now for Half-Sized Telephone-Booths F you suffocate and are most uncomfortable in an ordinary telephone-booth, how would you feel if they cut it in half? Twice as bad, say some; it couldn’t be worse no matter what they did, say others. Well, any- way, the picture below shows a half-sized booth, so you is can judge for yourself. The object, of course, is to save space in already crowded stores and other places where it is customary to install telephone- booths for the convenience of the public. The booth is an equal-sided right triangle, and the telephone is located in the middle of the hypothenuse. Thus, you see, you stand in line with the altitude, and really have almost as much space to move in as you had in the old square booth. But this is a tale of booths, and not of squares and triangles. How'd You Like to Be a Movie Star? IKE to be a movie star, wouldn’t you? Nothing to do but dress up, smoke cigarettes, and register emotions. Ah, but suppose you were told some day to jump from the top of a fast moving train and catch hold of a‘few dangling ropes? That alters the case. Tom Mix, a well known star, was given that order, and he filled it, as our illustration shows. He wasn’t sure that the ropes would hold, or that he would catch them; but he went after them as per orders. The ropes are called “‘telltales,”’ and are stationed on both sides of low bridges and tunnels to warn men walking on top of the trains. They are just long enough to give a man a sound crack on the head. : = : ter? He is demonstrating ht, P Til 7 ss : i tac eiia that, in spite of his fourscore years and ten, he still is quite agile. If you doubt the skill necessary ‘for performing this feat, try it yourself—but our advice is to choose a day when the water is calm and a spot where you are sure that no one will be watching you. In the first place, it is very hard to keep your head erect above the water unless you are swimming the breast stroke or treading water. Mr. Keishimoto is doing neither; he is floating on his back. But at the same time he is wiggling his toes— which everybody knows you are not supposed to do when you float. Is It the Oldest Barrel-Organ ? S you sit in a small country church, silent except for the birds outside, you suddenly hear a great creaking and wheezing. Ah! The organ is being tuned— or rather blown up. And the man who does the blowing? One of them is shown here- with, blowing up his organ with a foot-pedal. But the man in our picture is not merely a “blower”; he does the playing as well. His is a barrel-organ. With his right hand he turns the “barrel,” with his left hand he works the six stops, and all the time he pumps with one foot. He uses his other foot for standing. This organ is located in a church at Brightlingsea, England, and has been in use since the beginning of the eighteenth century. It is still going strong. 7) LF, 4. 4 RR RS A A TT. { ; i | 1

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For directing the medicat- ed vapor to the head of the larynx for the treatment of bronchial affections a Travelers may continue their inhalation treatment while touring if they pro- vide themselves with one pointed nozzle is used Here a party of four patients is using the family vaporizer, of these pocket vaporizers inhaling the medicated vapors through different nozzles Gassing Your Breathing Apparatus N cases of disease of the lungs, the bronchial tubes, the larynx, and the nasal passages, it is often desirable to apply medicines directly to the dis- eased mucous membranes. The nasal passages and the upper parts of the larynx are comparatively easily accessi- ble for local treatment by douches or spraying; but the lower parts of the larynx, the bronchial tubes, and the lungs cannot thus be reached. It is obvious that neither solids nor liquids can be applied to the mucous membranes of these deep-seated organs. If any medicament is to be applied to them, it must be in the form of gas or vapor inhaled by the patient. Numerous apparatuses have been in- vented for vaporizing medicinal pre- parations for inhalation purposes. A French inventor has designed a number of vaporizers suited for various conditions and based on the same principle. The substance to be vaporized, be it a medica- ment, a disinfectant, or a perfume, is placed in a container and heated by an alcohol lamp, a resistance coil, or some other source of heat. The vapor rises in a tube, and meets a blast of air from a blower or a pneumatic bulb operated by hand. The vapor becomes inti- mately mixed with the air, and is expelled through an opening of suitable form, either as a fine jet or in the form of a cloud of vapor. The inventor has built vapor- izers in a variety of styles and sizes, from the traveling model which, when closed up, is barely larger than a cigarette-case and may be carried in the pocket with- out inconvenience, to the large apparatus supported by a stand and making it possible to treat several patients at the same time. Some of the models make it possible to combine the vapors of several medicaments and to inject their intimate mixture through a _ A single faint electric ‘cellar. single nozzle, while others automatically measure the doses of the vaporized medicament to be administered. The apparatuses for vaporizing disinfec- tants and perfumes are based on the same principle, but are more simple. In some of the large models the vapor may be intermittently expelled in the form of rings or clouds by the use of pneumatic bulbs pressed by the hand of the patient. Some of the smaller models of vaporizers for perfumes or deodorizers are cleverly camouflaged in the guise of vases, statuettes, or other objects of artistic design. The accompanying pictures, illus- trating three different models of the new apparatus, show clearly the adaptability of the vaporizer. By the use of different nozzles the apparatus may quickly be suited to the require- ments of each individual case. In the Cellar of this Brewery Now the Mushrooms Grow LAS, poor cellar! We knew it once when it was full of tubs— copper ones for making beer. Now it is used for growing mushrooms! That is how the owners of one brew- ery decided to make use of their idle building. light guides him as he gathers the full-grown mushrooms in the Mushrooms grow in damp places What goes on behind the darkened windows of this brewery now? Mushroom culture. The beds are where the -vats used to be Mushroom culture is a very profitable business. The plants are easily and cheaply raised, and the mushrooms are sold at a high price. The beds must be made in dark places where there are no draughts, such as cellars and tunnels. In the cellar of the brewery shown below the beds are arranged in rows with narrow paths between them. Each row is about twenty- two inches high and wide. The beds are covered with fertilizer and then sprinkled with sand. A short time after the spawn is plant- ed, the mushrooms break through. In France many thousands of dollars are made each year by raising mushrooms in cellars. ] t ce ] i t c ]

Page 15

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i y < 3 Z a i i iN | | L/S a ‘ a _ Fr -ssase MENG GT OS ES Knockdown towers are used in taking industrial films for edu- cational and publicity purposes. Dr. Francis Holley uses the pictures in free exhibitions, his object being to make people realize how won- derful is the gift of sight. Dr.

The Movies Are at Your Back Door HE Bureau of Commercial Eco- nomics, of Washington, D. C., has launched an educational campaign in which moving pictures are to be used as textbooks. At the head of the move- ment is Dr. Francis Holley, who was blind for eighteen years. The free dis- play of motion pictures is his method of keeping his vow that if he ever re- gained his sight he would devote the remainder of his life to teaching the rest of the world how wonder- ful a gift sight is. The Bureau is sup- ported by voluntary subscription, endowment, Bes “) av aay = re

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Trucks like this carry and exhibit Dr. Holley’s films to millions of people all over the world and annuities, and already has a library of 20,000,000 feet of film to draw upon. The films illustrate a great variety of subjects, but place special emphasis on depicting the manufacture of various articles of commerce from the raw ma- terial to the finished product. Specially constructed motor-trucks are employed by the Bureau in this educational campaign. Each truck con- tains its own electric light plant, and carries a standard projection machine at the rear end, and a collapsible steel frame which, when set up, will support a projection screen twenty feet wide and thirty-six feet high. The generator on the truck supplies the necessary cur- rent for a number of flood lights placed in the sides of the car body. These trucks have carried instruc- tive films to the remotest districts, and exhibited them free. During the war the service of the Bureau was placed at the disposal of the Govern- ment and contributed ma- terially to the success of the Liberty Loan campaigns and the various drives for chari- table or patriotic purposes. Motion pictures of indus- trial processes are of partic- ular value just now, when the Allied nationsare making tre- mendous efforts to find mar- kets for the products of their factories, mines, and farms. Built to Carry Passengers through the Air ™ HY build giant engines if several smaller ones will do?” This question is often asked of aero- nautical engineers when they express the opinion that the very large and pow- erful engine is one of the necessary re- quirements for the great passenger machines of the future. There are many points in favor of the gigantic motor. First of all comes the all- important question of weight. Two small engines of 300 horsepower will weigh more than one large motor of 600 horsepower. The small en- gines must have two sets of crankcases, magnetos, and cylinders, while the large machine has only one set— heavier, to be sure, than each of the smaller sets, but lighter than the two together. Quite as important is the propeller efficiency. The losses in one large propeller are less than the combined losses in two smaller pro- pellers. This enormous air- plane engine has twelve cylinders and its normal speed. is 1,650 rev- olutions a minute Isn’t it clear, therefore, that a well designed large engine means a big step toward the giant commercial machine of the future? Knowing this, an Italian firm of auto- mobile engineers recently designed the

largest aviation engine of today. The engine has twelve cylinders arranged in V-fashion. The bore is 6.8 inches, the stroke 8.4 inches, while the normal speed amounts to 1,650 revolutions a minute. At this speed the engine de- velops 685 horsepower, but if necessary it can be run at 1,700 revolutions, when it will give 750, its maximum horsepower. on the anemic 35-horsepower engines of only ten years ago, is it not? The weight of this engine is not high considering its pow- er, for the complete motor weighs only three-quarters of a ton. A large single-en- gined biplane has been built specially for this big motor. Last summer this machine flew from Paris to London, a distance of 225 miles, in just over a hundred minutes. A few days before performing the feat, the airplane had traveled from Turin to Rome and from Rome to Paris at an average speed of 163 miles an hour, thus breaking all records for this journey. Some advance ‘

Page 16

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She is neither telephoning nor seeking haven in a costly bath-house. A mo- ment after this picture was taken she shut the door on herself and her irritated throat. She turned on the steam, let the device at the side flavor and permeate the little room with menthol, and long before the picture was developed she had developed perfect health

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The gas gong has not been rung, nor is the young woman drawing treasure from a near-by florist’s shop. She can’t sleep. She’s only a young miss, and he told her when he came back from war he’d prob- ably — Well he’s due back next Monday, and she can’t sleep. This device removes the excess moisture from the lungs with- out pain or inconvenienc:, producing a soothing effect that terminates in sleep This looks too comfortable to be scientific. The patient is undergoing hot and cold hosing to stimulate tired nerves, and, as any fire-horse can tell you, there’s nothing like it. The control table automatically regulates the temperature of the water and the health of the patient, and the accuracy cf the operator increases with every treat- ment. Would you rather give it or get it?

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Page 17

Taking Something for It All the Time become just one machine after another

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This device is not sent F. O. B. Detroit, but the cost of upkeep is about the same and it will go anywhere. Sufferers from paralysis or long-continued illness enjoy this runabout in a twinkling. It supports the arms, head, and legs, and if necessary the neck, and is so readily moved that the first paragraph of a Bolshevist’s speech would blow it a block A slight stomach-ache may become the center of one’s whole world. Below is a little cabinet containing four radiant lamps to throw heat and curative rays at the very point where the pain is unbearable. According to the inventor, the results are equivalent to those that d might be obtained by the application of two thousand hot-water if bags, one ton of plasters, and a sheaf of old-time prescriptions :

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Tc ccccccccscccccceeccecldddaabadadasdaaadddddddddds This young woman is not gratifying the almost uni- versal desire for a mo- ment in the spotlight. The big lamp she is facing gives off ultra-violet rays identical with those of the sun, and she is busy get- ting rid of her bronchitis or threatened tuberculo- sis. She wears goggies be- cause, be it in a studio or on the road, a glaring light is not fit to look at SALA LL. 1 waa 8.0 a ae aaa LWW VWWNNVOOWGOV NN ga aaa p< pl? ¥ iu rl This is no effort on the part of the sub- ject to toss a mean look at the world through a lorgnette. To be perfectly frank, the young woman has undergone a facial massage and shampoo at the hair- dresser’s and is now removing the tired lines from under her pretty eyes (note unencumbered eye) with high-frequency current. She got up at dawn and is getting ready for the Midnight Frolic, to which she has a perfectly valid invitation

Page 18

No roustabouts unload the barge. The freight-cars are hauled down on a marine railway to the level of the barge-deck: the rest you can imagine Taking the Freight-Car to the Steamer N order to do away with the roustabouts who are a fa- miliar sight along our Southern rivers, Gustave A. Hansen has S invented a loading and unload- =~ ing system. He believes that his invention will do away en- tirely with tedious hand truck- ing. A trainload of machinery ar- rives at Smithtown. There is no wharf. Five carloads are to be transferred from the railway tracks on shore to the steamer. How the marine rail- way pulls the freight- cars down to the barge and up again Ordinarily this means hours, or days, of hard manual labor. How can the task be accomplished without handling If you will study the illustration in the usual way? shown at the top of this page you will see how Mr. Hansen is planning to do it. A marine railway runs from the tracks on shore down into the river. What Hansen calls a cradle moves on the marine railway. Two of the freight-cars are backed upon the cradle on shore. Then the cradle is hauled down the marine railway with the aid of a cable passing around an electric switch to the steamer. It’s simple enough now to trans- fer the freight from the cars to the steamer; for the floor of the car and the deck of the steamer are flush, the freight passing over an interme- diate platform on the cradle, which must be held at exactly the right level. All this maneuvering, of course, will require the most careful and skilful handling of the steamer. The vessel must be held in exactly the correct position for keeping the cars at the right level. Still, Hansen thinks that this will be a very simple matter, because the cradle with the car will help to push the steamer out just the right distance. Each cartridge in the glass sphere contains a number corresponding to a-French bond; the owners of lucky-number bonds receive bonuses varying from small to large sums You Can Ice-Skate on the Sidewalk Now LL the joys of ice-skating—with- out any ice—are provided for in a skate invented by Harry Paulsen, of New York. It has rollers all along the bottom and a hard rubber knob clamped to the point. The knob is used for pirouetting, and the rollers allow a flexibility of motion that is not possible with the ordinary roller- skate. On these skates you can make a figure eight, spell your name, waltz, or do any other icy tricks. At first glance Mr. Paulsen’s skate looks like the ordinary ice-skate, for the rollers are almost concealed. ke- tween the side plates. They are held rigidly in place by small shafts running from side to side. The iceless ice-skate depends on rollers instead of on ice for its quality of slipperiness Buy a Bond and Win a Bonus HE glass sphere in the picture, containing what look like cart- ridges, is not some new weapon of war. It is a lottery jar, and was made for a French bank, the Crédit Foncier. A lottery jar four times the size of this one, to contain millions of cartridges, is being built for the city of Paris, and $60,000,000 will be given out in bonuses to holders of lucky-number French victory bonds. Each cartridge will contain a slip of pener carrying the number of one of the vietory bonds to be floated by the « o° Paris. The cartridges will be dropped into the sphere through a small opening in the top. When all the bonds responding opening will be clo: sealed with the great rea city. Then the sphere to a stop the opening will b bottom. Theseals will be broke the cartridges shot out, one by oie The holder of the bond corresponu- ing to the first cartridge shot out will receive $250,000. re sold and their cor- cartédges are in the sphere, a smaii s‘eei trap-door at the . locked, and eals of.the |} be re- volved rapidly, and when i ght duce Distr’ secon mean chine bette distri that 1 is col comp of ha meet Sor it cos Hava trans: bor ti delive York’ ship | from termi shipp New it fre trans Aver Th are s¢ possi quick suffer long | the i entai ities. age ¢ cars ¢ railro recor pose’? ty-si> six 9 break one | freigh cent that we al It: an 0 $1,00 wise New othe:

Page 19

Tnis is one reason why the cost of living is high HAT shall we do to reduce the Wie of living? There are two so- lutions, economists tell us. Pro- duce more—that is the first solution. Distribute more efficiently—that is the second solution. Increased production means the speeding up of existing ma- chinery and the invention of new and better machinery. But more efficient distribution? The more one considers that tremendous problem, the more one is convinced that nothing short of a Cutting Down the Cost of Living Twenty-six miles a day is the aver- age journey of a freight-car. the present cost of transportation that helps to keep the “high” in the high cos: of living. Herewith we present an Englishman’s solu- tion of the distribution problem the country and distribute the coun- try’s products, imagine what must be the cost to the people of the United Sates in the delays incurred in moving 600,000,000 tons across the marine freight terminals! Now, it must not be supposed that our government, state, and city authori- ties have been blind to conditions that were antiquated fully fifty years ago. Within the memory of living men, at least a dozen schemes have been pro- complete transformation in the methods», posed to better our distributing ma- of handling goods at our terminals can meet the situation. Something must be radically wrong if it costs less to send a bale of goods from Havana to Boston, 1,300 miles, than to transfer it from one pier in Boston har- bor to another; if it costs as much to deliver a machine-tool from one of New York’s great terminals to the hold of a ship as it does to transport it by rail from Chicago to that New York freight terminal; if a bale of cotton can be shipped by water from Savannah to New York at less cost than for raising it from the hold of the vessel and transferring it to a Brooklyn warehouse. Average Day’s Run of a Freight-Car _ The worst of it is that when terminals are so poorly equipped as to make it im- possible to load, unload, and distribute quickly, the arteries of supply suffer in turn. We boast of our long hauls. We never speak of the inordinate waste of time entailed by poor terminal facil- ities. The average daily mile- age of two thousand freight- cars on one hundred forty-four railroads, according to recent records, is—what, do you sup- pose? Twenty-six—just twen- ty-six! And these twenty- six miles were covered at the breakneck speed of two and © one half hours! These 2,000 freight-cars are only ten per cent efficient. And we think that we have progressed since we abolished the stage-coach! It costs $3,000 a day to hold an ocean freighter in port; $1,000 a day to hold a coast- wise or tramp steamer. Since New York, Boston, and other American ports supply 4A ‘ chinery. It is hard to change a compli- cated and more or less standardized system. New York was probably the last large American city to change from horse-cars to electric traction, from gas- lamps to incandescent arc lights. The change was staggeringly expensive, but it had to be made. And so it is with im- proving our methods of distribution, not merely in our large ports, but wherever there is an important freight terminal. Tens of millions, possibly hundreds of millions, must be spent; but, until they are spent, we must expect to pay twenty-five per cent, and possibly more, for the necessities of life. Admitting all this, what system of distribution shall we adopt? Most of the machinery that is advocated for our ports and cities is of local benefit only. The distributing system of the country ra Teamsters and motor-truck drivers waste from two to three hours by merely standing in line at terminals. When the congestion is at its worst in New York, a driver unhitches his horses, leads them off to the stable for the night, and returns the next day It’s as a whole must be considered. The system that is adopted must provide not simply means for quickly loading and discharging a cargo from a ship; it must reduce the time of transportation to inland cities and the cost of commodi- ties to the farmers of Nebraska. The High Cost of Loading Under the present system, when a cargo is unloaded, it is transferred not immediately to freight-cars, but to warehouses, a process attended with much man-handling. Warehouse ac- commodations are hopelessly inade- quate. Freight is left on wharves, to be handled later, in the meantime congest- ing and dislocating other traffic. Ulti- mately it dribbles into warehouses or into freight-cars that have been waiting empty elsewhere for days or weeks. Thus thousands of tons of perishable freight is annually destroyed; time and labor are wasted; deliveries to manufacturers, merchants, and con- sumers are delayed. When a freight train is at last made up, and it speeds on its way to Chicago, St. Louis, New Orleans, one of a score of many Amer- ican cities, what happens? It runs into an antiquated terminal. Some ‘of the cars are detached; the others are broken up to be dispatched over several different railways, after much switching, sidetracking, and coupling. The railways complain that they are not receiving enough for the carrying of freight. The truth is that freight charges are exorbitantly high because they cover not merely the actual cost of transporta- tion and a legitimate profit, but also the cost of the losses in- curred by an outrageous sys- tem, perpetuated because it was nobody’s business to im- prove it. The high freight charges have to be added to the cost of goods, with the result that manufacturers and retailers raise their prices to the consumer, who, in the end, foots the bill. Yet these very freight charges react on the railway companies themselves. They too must pay for ma- terial—pay, moreover, their

Page 20

Telfer gantries for handling cargoes. Gantry bascules raised to clear ships’ masts and funnels. Telfers stored on fixed gantry. Bascule counterpoise. Elbow rods: doubled to raise bascule. Rails upon which gantries travel. Canvas curtains for working in bad weather. Glass roof fitted to all gantries. Telfer rails running continuously along both sides and across at loading and discharging points. Sliding adjustable bridges carrying telfer rails. Telfers hoisting from ships’ hatches. . Loaded telfer traveling towards wharf. Telfer lowering goods into barge. Telfer lowering goods into trains. Lowering goods on to 8-foot belt stations. Goods lowered on to first-floor belt stations. Goods lowered on to second-floor belt stations. 8-foot trucker belt for large, heavy goods, 3M. P. H. Link belt, 6 M. P. H. Switch control desk. First and second floor 4-foot belts for medium and small goods, 2 M. P. H. serving bays. Bays for sorting or storing goods. Long belts serving shorter, 4 M. P. H. Creep chains handling goods from belts. Belt stations at which goods are raised or lowered. Link belt, 8. M. P. H. Traveling overhead cranes fitted over all bays. | ee - *e . . OONHA hw L How A. S. Gattie, an English engineer, would reduce the high cost It costs three thousand dollars a day to hold an ocean freighter in port to load or unload a cargo, and one thou- sand dollars a day to hold a coastwise or tramp steamer. We, the consumers, pay the bills in the nd, and it’s a big bill when you consider what are the delays incurred in moving six hundred million tons across the marine freight terminals of our ports. What is the solution of the prob- lem? An English engineer, A. S. Gattie, offers the Gattie

Page 21

15,000-ton d. w. ship coming along- Sectional glass roofing sliding on rails side. to uncover portions of belt stations and 15,000-ton d. w. ship about to leave. railway required beneath gantries, 9,000-ton d. w. ship unloading. Glass roofing. Smaller vessels of 4,000 and 1,000 Skylights. tons d. w. unloading simultaneously. Roadway served by cranes. Submerged hydraulic buffers, 80 ft. Three railway tracks served by cranes. apart, holding ship hulls off barges. Two railway tracks served by F. Barge stations. telfers. ¢ i ra . Bash of living by loading and unloading ships with automatic machinery system illustrated by the picture above: huge self- propelling cranes, railway tracks on which freight trains of the hatches. run, a system of automatic conveyers. A vessel berths; an empty freight train draws alongside; a crane handling twelve tons a minute runs into position opposite one The cargo is hoisted and deposited into freight-cars or lighters, or upon belt conveyers, by which it is delivered to any desired bay in a storage warehouse

Page 22

share of the increase which their own charges help to raise. The evil grows progressively, \increasing like a rolling snowball, while the people wonder why the cost of living is ever increasing. How Gattie Would Solve the Problem One of the first to recognize and en- ergetically urge the necessity for reform- ing this system on a drastic and comprehensive scale was an English en- gineer, Mr. A. S. Gattie, who for many years has been developing the plan pictured in the accompanying illustra- tions. Mr. Gattie’s scheme, for con- venience, may be considered under two headings. The first (a) involves the provision at all important ports of adequate apparatus for the loading and discharge of ships, and the erection of suitable buildings on the wharves, of the inner wall a building of three floors is shown. From the second floor of this building to the wall, a lean-to roof, which travels longitudinally in sections, is arranged so that any section may be moved out of the way when a crane is at work. On the ground floor a system of con- tinuous “‘trucker”’ belts is provided to travel longitudinally, and at suitable intervals cross traveling belts are pro- vided. Similar travelers are provided on the upper floors. The gantry cranes are fitted witha number of ‘“‘telfers,”’ or hoists, arranged to travel along the crane cantilever arms and to pick up equipped with mechan- ical and automatic de- (— vices for the quick sorting, storing, and dispatch of freight. The second (b) involves the construction at every big railway center of a _ central freight clearing-house which is to take the place of the existing indepen- dent railway freight- yards, the building be- ing equipped throughout with mechanical hoists and conveyers, by which freight may be rapidly transferred, sorted, and dispatched, connected by underground lines with all the principal railways and communicating by roadways with the con- signee. Standardized con- tainers (cases, crates, or slings) are to be used, in which the cargo or freight is to be held, so that it can be bodily transferred in bulk to and from freight-cars and motor- trucks. A systematic or- ganization for the rapid collection and delivery of goods by motor-trucks, so as to relieve street traf- fic congestion, is a sub- sidiary feature of the clearing-house. ° cargo Consider first the load- 8B. Hydraulic buffer I. Point opened by swing- against ship’s side C. Barge lying between wharf and ship D. Lower hatchway half opened, allowing both decks to be unloaded simultaneously E. Traveling bridges sus- pend __ telfers ing and unloading equip- ment which Mr. Gattie advocates for a port. Along the edge of a wharf or quay are two parallel walls, consisting of a series of arches, on top of which rails are laid upon which huge self- propelling gantry cranes -travel. Between the walls are two railway tracks on which freight trains are drawn alongside berthed vessels, On the inner side hatches A. Typical steamer with 9,000 tons of mixed F. Traveling bridge rail goods from the holds of vessels and deliver them on shore. Each crane would handle twelve tons of cargo a minute. How the Plan Works The modus operandi is as follows: A vessel is berthed, an empty freight train is drawn up alongside, and a gantry crane runs into position opposite cue of the holds. Cargo is hoisted up by the telfers, and deposited either directly into freight-cars or barges or on to a stationary platform alongside the truck- er belts, on to which it is mechanically projected when required. By these belts it is conveyed and automatically transferred to the cross belts, the truckers being so arranged that goods over any particular trucker may be automatically delivered on to any cross belts, by which in turn the packages may be conveyed to any bay of the warehouse for storage, or may be delivered right away into freight-cars on the other side of the building. By this means man- handling is reduced to a minimum, and simply consists of adjust- ing the cargo slings for lifting or releasing pack- ages, while movement of the cargo is almost con- tinuous from the time it leaves the hold until de- posited where required— an enormous advantage, reducing congestion to a minimum. To load a ship the process is simply re- versed. The Clearing-House for Freight This in brief is the port system for the rapid load- ing and unloading of ships. Let us now con- sider the central freight clearing-house that Mr. Gattie would erect in Chi- cago, St. Louis, and in- Ma fer on bridge ing upward on a pivot built on the bridge . Fixed telfer bridges . Telfer lowering into Be Aa . Telfers loading trains drawn from under over gantry N. Telfer unloading large belt stations To unload or load a ship, Mr. Gattie has invented a new type of electric crane. By bringing one of these cranes into operation over each of a ship’s hatches, a large number of squads of men may be employed in loading the almost continuous series of powerful hoists each crane brings into action. The speed is limited to the quantity of goods that the men can attach to the hooks or grabs. The cranes are capable of carrying twelve tons per minute or less, the time being determined by the nature of the cargo and the labor available. It is said that nine of these cranes working over nine hatches would be capable of carrying one hundred and eight tons a minute . Telfer rail O. Ejight-foot trucker belt . Point closed to lead tel- P. Alleyway removing goods from belt Q. Rail for overhead crane R. Telfer ‘loading first- floor belt station S. Case transferring from barge long to short belt T. Alleyway discharging . Sliding roof sections case U. Traveling crane V. Telfer loading second- floor belt station W. Spare telfers land towns — indeed, wherever there is an im- portant freight junction. In cities and large towns served by a number of important rail- ways, each company usu- ally runs its own freight- yard and_ warehouses, with the result that some- times a great number of independent freight-yards exist miles apart. By the substitution of a central clearing-house, land would be released for building or other pur- poses; freight-yard shunt- ing—the curse of rail- a Aya Pee rer cad, wee re és eNotes art Pin Ane heleal PSIG IT a i SE ae

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wg? xe — a 2 9g oper fils 2 rs: Ses reed a CONTAINER being lowered through WELL HOLE, _ The Clearing-House for Freight In the clearing-house all switching is avoided. Instead the container system is employed. The container can be hoisted from one vehicle to another. A train of fifty cars enters the clearing-house, stopping between two nar- row platforms. Above each car is a powerful crane. The men on the platforms heck the containers to the cranes, and immediately the train is relieved of its load. All the cars that contain through traffic for other lines are unloaded into the crypt. Powerful machinery is installed in the crypt, and any load dropped into it is immediately transported without shock or concussion to the exact box from which it can be most conveniently maneuvered PShe . ws. = ae eae ae ., - Sen. a Dee

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— a: = . : 1, at ea a — ee ee ee ith lt BA an a pita ciate ne neal Hare eT oS ole a sasiaemenal | “a : ways, by which more time and energy is wasted and more damage and accidents to goods and rolling stock are caused thanin any other way—would be almost eliminated; the idle periods in the life of locomotives and freight-cars would be reduced to a minimum; and rapidity in transport and delivery of goods would be expedited beyond belief. Mr. Gattie’s clearing-house would consist of a great building 1,300 feet long, 500 feet wide, and 200 feet high, covering 15 acres, the base- ment extending beyond the walls and covering an area of 30 acres. It would be con- nected by underground electrified lines with all the main railways serving the district, these lines branching out within the building into a _ great number of sidings on to which freight trains are drawn by electric loco- motives. Traveling Cranes and Sorting Floors Spanning across the railway tracks are thir- teen roadways, each fifty- two feet wide, carried on bridges and communicat- ing with the streets; and above the roadways are four sorting floors. Over- head traveling cranes span the roadways, while others run below the roadways and span the tracks. The upper floors are provided with a system of traveling truck- ers circulating past well- holes in the floor, and truckers are provided in the basement, or “crypt.” Of course, only trains with goods secured in standard “containers” should be allowed access. A trucker consists of a truck, pro- vided with rollers capable of revolvg, and supporting trays containing parcels in such a manner that the trays may be transferred by the rollers from a sta- tionary or moving trucker to or from a platform, or to another stationary or moving trucker. These truckers con- stitute a distinctive feature of Mr. Gattie’s schemes, and are a truly won- derful invention. You may have two parallel lines of them, one traveling at three and the other at six miles an hour. Supposing a parcel to be placed on a slow-speed trucker, A: as it approaches or overtakes another fast moving trucker, B, it is literally true that B tries to grab the parcel, but cannot unless A wants to part with it, and the marvelous thing is that A knows exactly which trucker to deliver -its load to, and won’t deliver to any other. Assuming that a number of trains belonging to different railway companies { CHANNEL IRON CAM TRACK, oS eo ater SO GO By eR ageiome we and coming from all parts, instead of being run into various freight-yards miles apart, are brought directly into the clearing-house, the modus operand? is as follows: Containers filled with goods intended for transfer complete from one railway to another are simply trans- ferred bodily from one train to another, while those intended for dispatch by road are hoisted up and deposited on motor-lorries. In this way it is claimed that a heavy freight train can be un- loaded and reloaded in fifteen minutes. When its contents have to be dis- it ta > ry > es a. == -; oe ae com www el... THE MAGNETS (NOT SHOWN JN OPERATE THE AIR CYLINDERS i = = ROLLER~ SWIVELING MOTOR, AIR DRIVE CYLINDER CAM?~ ~~~ GEAR- ROLLERS — ROTATING LEVER ARMS Stevedores and porters are dispensed with in the Gattie system. Packages are mechanically sorted, transported, and delivered to the proper bay of the clearing-house. How is it done? By truckers of Mr. Gattie’s invention. The trays on which the freight is carried are transferred from one trucker to another or to a freight platform by means of transfer rollers. These transfer rollers are raised vertically to lift the tray; they are swiveled for diagonal delivery; they are rotated to roll the tray to or from the trucker deck by gears actuated by a centrally pivoted lever arm. The lever arm is operated by one of two rollers at its ends, which rollers engage a channel-iron cam-rail on a trucker running on an adjacent track. The tray is rolled from one trucker to the other by a partial rotation of the lever arm. A postage stamp can be transferred by the truckers from any square inch of the vast floor of the clearing-house, transported and set down upon any other unoc- cupied square inch without touching or interfering with any other load, although the space may be crammed full of machinery tributed, the container is hoisted to one of the sorting floors or lowered to the crypt, where the parcels are distributed by the traveling bands into certain bays (of which there are 1,630), whence they are transferred in bulk. In this way parcels intended for a certain destination, after being me- chanically conveyed from trucker to trucker and from floor to floor by means of elevators to which they are delivered and from which they are automatically discharged on to other truckers, at last find their way to a specified bay, where they are collected, placed in other con- tainers, and lowered on to a vehicle for dispatch. Thus many of the trains leave the building, loaded to approxi- mately the same extent as when they enter. As projected in 1912, Mr. Gattie esti- mated the cost of such a clearing-house for London, including land, building, equipment, rolling stock, and. tunnels, at £14,000,000 and the annual profit at £9,000,000 independently of the great economies to railway companies effected wemespesse a by the redemption of land and economic and extended use of rolling stock. The enormous saving of time and the increased use that could be made_ of otherwise idle or empty vehicles is too obvious to need exposition; but an- other advantageous feature is the lessening of congestion of street traffic. There is no question but that street congestion arises principally from the tremendous number of carriers’ vehicles engaged in the collection and delivery of goods. Asystematized method worked in conjunction with the clearing-house siaipriliinn would eliminate the eater ge greater part of this con- eas gestion. Mr. Gattie gives an instance of what takes place daily and hourly: This Is Merely a Typical Case “You may have a nar- row street blocked by a dozen or more carriers’ vans, some perhaps with only one or two parcels to collect or deliver—in many cases several vans calling at the same build- ing. The result isthat car- man No. 6, having finished his call and blocked fore and aft by other vans, lights his pipe and dis- cusses the latest strike for a couple of hours with carmen Nos. 8 and 9, who are both waiting to deliver or collect at the same building! When at last the vans leave they swell the volume of slow mov- ing traffic in the main streets. Central organ- ization directed from the clearing-house and _ the adoption of the container system would easily render such cases impossible and relieve the main streets from much totally unnecessary traffic.” If such enormous improvements can be so simply effected, why do we plod along in the same old ruinous grooves? Because it is nobody’s business; be- cause of rivalry and jealousy between railway officials, between great firms of carriers, and even between port, city, and town authorities, and the lack of initiative to do the obviously right thing; because of the parsimony that prohibits the raising of the necessary capital and anticipated difficulty in reaching agreement as to how such capital and profits should be appor- tioned; because of apathy of govern- ment departments or lack of power to enforce the necessary cooperation and the need in governments of strong men with courage to initiate drastic reforms. In England the Ways and Communica- tions Bill was introduced to effect re- forms in methods of transport—whether, as passed into law, it will provide the necessary powers, remains to be seen. iendieescetimeate Sake tence Rete ee _— a wer * ‘i lo ee Rhona Pe a ae ws tat: Seenee Loe ea & : :

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Seiten out the aid of machinery. This smokestack blew away and was put in place again with- It was pulled up the hill by a chain-block and then raised to a horizontal position by jack- screws. A steel cable was looped around the center of the stack, continuing on across a two-legged derrick and down to chain-blocks hooked to stationary logs on the other side of the hill; the cable and jack-screws raised the stack higher. When the jack-screws were no longer able to follow up the stack, the cable did the work alone; the derrick was hinged to facilitate the work. A concrete collar finished the job Putting a Wandering Smokestack Where It Belonged WIND-STORM tore a huge smokestack from its foundation and dropped it fifty feet away. As it plunged into the ground the top end flattened out. Later the owners came to view the remains. They decided that, if the broken end were cut off and the remainder straightened out, the stack could be used again. But how could they get it back? The power plant at the smeltery to which the stack belonged was being overhauled, and the job would have to be done by hand. This meant that a stack weighing fourteen thousand pounds would have to be dragged fifty feet up a thirty-degree incline and then placed upright. The stack, which was Out with the Weeds HERE do oats, peas, beans, and barley grow? Well, some of them grow in the back yard of George K. Caviness, in Seymour, Iowa. And_ they grow very well, for he constantly weeds and cultivates his ground. He does this with a special tool of his own invention — a three-pronged hoe which can be attached to a wheel and pushed. A three-pronged hoe makes an ex- cellent cultivator and weed-gatherer in sections of 14-inch steel plates, was six feet in diameter and seventy-five feet long. First, the end was chopped off and the remaining flattened part forced back into shape by jack-screws. Two thirty-two-foot logs were placed on either side of the old concrete founda- tion, fourteen feet apart and parallel to the direction in which the stack had to be moved. Another pair of — were driven horizontally into the other side of the hill to the depth of one foot, to serve as the pulling point. A two-legged derrick was fastened to the two logs on the top of the hill, so that it had free play. While this work was going on, a new foundation was being prepared. The preparations finished, the stack was rolled in position for an uphill pull. A steel cable was looped around the end of it and the stack was pulled to the top by a three-ton chain-block. The lower end of the stack was raised by jack-screws until the stack hung in a horizontal position. Next a steel cable was looped around the top end. of the stack. The cable continued on across the derrick and down to the chain-blocks hooked to the logs sta- tioned on the other side of the hill. The stack was then pulled into an upright position and lowered into its new base. A collar of reinforced concrete was poured around the stack and the job was finished. SOOmnE 8 an n Eye on the Boiler Without leaving his corner in the boiler- room, he watches and controls his boilers N extremely valuable part of the boiler-room equip- ment is the boiler control board. This contains indicating and recording instruments for each boiler and the switches and levers for controlling the work- ing conditions of the boiler plant. By the centralization of the indicating and recording in- struments and the controls within a small compass, a great deal of time and labor is saved and the efficiency of the steam- generating plant greatly in- creased. On the board shown in the picture are mounted steam flow meters, a draft- gage, a recording thermom- eter with two pens recording the temperature of the feed water entering the economizers and boilers, and a flue gas pyrometer connected to a thermo-couple in each uptake to indicate flue gastemperature. There are also a Venturi feed water meter, a gas collector and analyzer, and a flow meter.

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CU tide What They Whittle as They While Philip Lisch, of Clinton, Iowa, made this fan, the pliers, and the star. He made the fan out of a single piece of wood. It was first split forty-five times, then each splinter was carefully bent outward to form the semicircle Mr. A. W. Edwards, formerly a Cape Cod fisherman, also became a whittler; he is holding in his hand a_ reproduc- tion of the famous old windmill of Chatham, Mass. q af vf 4 4 q a on CA, “~ 7 An Alaskan miner carved the American flag in the top of an epple-box. Seven hundred and seventy-one pieces linked together make up the stars and stripes — ? a y . wal) " ¥ 2 Oe ee PD OO Away the Time Conrad Petty was everything from Deputy Constable to Chief of Police in his home town in Texas until he developed rheumatism. Now all his energy goes into carving blocks of wood SORE er a AERP " het | A pair of buffalo horns and three pieces of ma- hogany were turned into this emblem by a Fili- pino. It is much larger than it looks, measuring a full yard from the point of the dagger to the tip of the horns ee PeS.. A man who vies for the title ‘‘Cham- pion Whittler of the World”’ is here shown carving a chain out of a wood block. His strange- ly appropriate name is Lockwood eee whe NX ci X ) a pa ne

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i" is ] Let Good Roads Save Millions There are more than 6,000,000 cars and trucks in use today. If each one was of two-ton capacity and traveled only 50 miles a day, the daily saving in gasoline over concrete roads, as compared with earth roads, would be 26,430,000 gallons, worth, at 25 cents a gal- lon, the tremendous sum of $6,607,500—and that for only one day in the year. For a 300-day year the saving would amount to 7,929,000,000 gallons or $1,982,250,000, a sum which makes what we are spending for good roads almost insignificant in comparison Below is shown a modern concrete road, over which a loaded two-ton truck was run 11.78 miles on one gallon $2.12 for a distance of 100 miles. this particular case the motor-truck was in perfect mechanical condition g The age-old earth roads are the bug- bear of motor-truck drivers; for in wet weather trucks usually sink in to the hubs, necessi- tating the hiring of mules to haul them out. In every case it is almost impos- sible to obtain trac- tion for the rear wheels, and valu- able time is lost. Even when the road is dry, the average mileage for a loaded two-ton truck is only 5.78 miles of gasoline. This would amount to only In —- pine ‘Above is shown a type Brick roads, a little worn, decrease the mileage to about 9.88 miles per gallon of gasoline for a two-ton truck. This kind of road is fast giving way to con- crete; for, besides requiring much attention and a long haul of bricks, its upkeep and repairs are very expensive ! of earth road that has caused great trouble throughout the country. The tanks, of varying capacity, shown on this page illustrate more clearly than could be done in any other way the exceptional economic advantages of good roads. The obvious connection between the quality of roads and gasoline consumption is very clearly shown The gravel road does not give quite as good a mileage as either the brick or the concrete road. It averages about 9.13 miles to the gallon of gaso- line. Of course, good driving will help to raise this figure somewhat; but keeping the en- gine well groomed is the best advice that we can offer. Don’t forget that it pays in the long run to have a good man at the wheel

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oe oe ena The man secreted behind the left-hand pillar of the Metropolitan Opera House stage watches the orchestra leader through a peep-hole and duplicates his motions Leading a Chorus Around a Corner EW people at the opera BACK DROP or any musical perfor- - —_ ms aed mance where choruses are L ckeces teat ahs eae Se + es oo Ss oS S98 8 SS engaged realize the mechani- = taoxr"* * 7 -- CURTAIN—~w cal difficulties of an orches- tra leader. It is obvious that every musician and singer must be at the instant com- te pee: mand of his baton. The kaon CIO delay of a fraction of a sec- ond in obeying his signal may spell disaster. The problem of leading is com- plicated when a chorus or part of the orchestra plays or sings off stage. But the problem is not insolvable. An ingenious plan has been adopted at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York for keeping every part of the There is a small window in the elaborate decorations on a pillar at the left This opening is covered with gauze heavily gilded. Now, if the leader wishes to direct a group of singers or players on the stage while the curtain is down, which great stage in touch with the leader. of the stage. is frequently the case, a second leader stands behind this covered window and duplicates every motion of the leader’s baton. Hestandsin such a position that his own baton is in sight of those on the stage even when thecurtainisdown. So cleverly is this done that those on the stage hidden from the real leader almost never miss a beat. An even more difficult problem arises when a chorus sings behind the scenes, out of sight of the second leader. It is often impossible for it to occupy a position within sight of the man at the lookout. In this case three and even four leaders are employed, all con- stantly in. sight of one another. The motions of the leader before the curtain are thus repeated by the man at the lookout, who is in turn copied by the leader at the extreme back of the stage, who is duplicated by still another. The complicated leadership of the baton is thus carried around corners, often for a hundred feet or more, with- out the loss of an appreciable fraction of time. The chorus is out of range of the orchestra leader and follows the directions of a second leader + a ORCHESTRA Ny. LEADER “ 7 Getting Him Back on His Feet ERE’S a new invention for the semi-invalid who is not strong enough to use crutches and not weak enough to need a wheel-chair; it is a combination of both. The upper part of his body is supported by crutches that terminate just below his waist in the frame of a wheel- chair. He sits on a bicycle saddle and his feet touch the ground. The saddle is attached to the chair frame and the freme moves on rubber-tired wheels. A _ strap to support his back is fastened to the top of the crutches. Thus, in a half- standing, half-sitting position, he is able to move about and gradually strengthen all his limbs. Whether the patient is recovering from a severe illness that has left him in a weakened condition, or whether he is a victim of war or ac- cident, suffering from a broken leg, the walking-chair will help him in learning to walk again. The crutches and saddle may be ad- justed to different heights in order to suit the patient. Half walking, half sitting, the invalid gradually strength- ens his whole body in this new walking- =f chair, which sup- ports him while al- lowing of exercise Go to Sleep, My Lady IE face downward, with your fore- head resting on a ledge, and you will surely go to sleep. So says Alice O. Darling, of Lebanon, N. H. She discovered this in her insomnia days, and promptly patented it. Her invention calls for a two-pieced a ei ee ee Le ee a Instead of using sleeping powders, double up your mattress-top and rest your fore- head on it; this is the latest insomnia cure PAB LEP GO POO me oe a PO mattress. The upper section is again subdivided, but the two parts are held together by a binding. In the day-time the mattress is stretched out after the fashion of any ordinary mattress, but at night the hinged section is doubled over to furnish a ledge on which to rest the forehead. In a little. while you become drow- sy; whereupon you put back the mat- tress, pull up your pillow from the bottom of the bed, and sleep. The secret of this system, of course, is that the blood-pressure is removed from the brain. —

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French manufacturer. It consists of two separate parts: the typewriting mechanism, which is en- closed in a small metal box; and the carriage, which holds the paper in Ordinarily, if the type- writer is placed on a table or other suitable support, the carriage re- and the type mechanism moves from left to right across the paper; when it is neces- sary to hold the machine in the hand while writing, the type mechanism remains stationary, while the carriage with the paper held by it moves writing. mains stationary, from right to left. The type mechanism consists of two disks, the lower of which is rotatable and has on radially arranged tabs ex- tending beyond its periphery raised char- acters representing the small and capital letters, numbers, and punctuation-marks. disk is connected with an index hand with two The thinner of the io is used for Ink by the Tube pointers. You Can Balance This Typewriter on Your Hand TYPEWRITER small enough to be carried in your coat pocket and light enough to be held in your hand, if necessary, while you are writing your letter with it, has been invented in France and placed in the market by a This She is operating the miniature typewriter on a base resting on the table, but the machine may also be used merely supportedinonehand E have concen- trated soup, powdered eggs, and condensed milk— water being ex- tracted from almost every- thing these days in order to save space and labor. The latest is concentrated ink. It comes in tubes —like tooth paste—and you squeeze it out drop by drop, mixing it with water at the well known ratio of sixteen to one. Thus one large drop of concentrated ink, when dissolved in water, will be sufficient to fill an inkwell of average size. ; The tubes come in three sizes, the smallest holding enough ink paste to make a pint of ink, and the larg- est holding enough to make a gallon. Of course, no one is apt to want a gallon of ink at one squeezing in order to write a letter, but the paste will keep in its concentrated condition for a long time, if the cap is kept screwed in place. In this respect it again resembles tooth paste. Be careful not to mix them up in the dark. One drop of concentrated ink squeezed from a tube and mixed with sixteen drops of water will fill your inkwell with good ink Although it. is small enoughto hold in one hand, it is perfectly equipped to write letters correctly the small letters, the broader for the capital letters. In writing, the pointer is turned to the desired letter marked on the rim of the upper disk, and a slight pressure on a button releases a little hammer which strikes the back of the letter and causes it to leave its imprint on the paper. A miniature typewriter with which you may write letters while traveling Seen in the Garden of Eden DAM and Eve in the Garden of Eden—how we envy them their care-free life in that charming spot. One of us, S. P. Dinsmoor of Lucas, Kan., has gone so far as to build a concrete “Garden of Eden” around his house. But what a strange, ugly garden it is—not the least bit enchanting. And the reason is that the garden was built as a frightful warning to the wicked world of the sins that it should avoid. Adam and Eve in unshapely concrete are holding up the destructive serpent—Adam balancing his share on his head. A concrete tree on either side of them supports a large sign, “Garden of Eden.” On top of this sign a misled saint is balancing himself. Near by another saint is swinging merrily. But just beyond him is a pole that carries at its top the “Evil Eye.” This blinks ominously all night long to let the wicked know that the devil is on their trail. Electricity does the This is the Garden of Eden; if you doubt it, look at the sign. It is made of concrete, of which forty-three tons was used. The maker is the man with the long white beard blinking, and the devil, by the way, is stationed but a few trees away. Altogether there are one hundred and twenty-seven concrete in- mates— good and bad — perched in the cold branches of the concrete trees. The most puzzling feature of the whole garden is the American flag fluttering in the breeze above the main entrange. We have been led to believe that Eden was located in Asia. But even if it were, by chance, located in America, there was no such thing as the stars and stripes in those early days. Besides, we don’t like the idea of associating the flag with a collection of sins.

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Charting a Champion Why is one man better than another at a drill-press? And why is one golf-player better than another? By Walter Bannard F you want to learn how to play the | violin, the best teacher ought to be the greatest violinist. To learn how to play tennis, golf, or even croquet, avoid the average player; he will never make a champion of you. To become a champion yourself you must learn from a cham- pion. Very few champions are good teachers in the sense that they can tell you what to do and how to doit. Often they have entirely wrong theories about their own pro- cedure. Finding a Unit of Measurement That has been the expe- rience of Frank B. Gilbreth of Providence, R. I., a distin- guished efficiency engineer who is regarded both here and abroad as the greatest au- thority on motion study. Gil- breth found that he must es- tablish a unit of measurement That unconsciously, he had to disregard all that they said and measure them with the aid of some instrument. instrument Gilbreth himself invented. He calls it a “‘cyclegraph.”’ The cyclegraph—an electric light at- tached to the hand or other moving part of a person or a machine in motion He wanted something that would vis- ualize the path of a typesetter’s ora billiard-player’s motions. He tried the motion-picture machine with some success, but it was not possible to sum- marize all motions of a cycle or operation in any one series of pictures; so he devised his cyclegraph, describing it thus: How the Motion Is Recorded “This consists of a small electric light attached to the hand or other moving part of the person or machine under observation. The motion is recorded on an ordinary pho- tographic film or plate. The path of the motion stands out in two dimensions. “‘By taking the photographic record stereoscopically we see the path in three dimensions; that is, length, breadth, and depth. It did not, however, contain the time element. and that he must record his subject’s motions. The best fencers, the best baseball-players, the best golf- A cyclegraph made by Major Gilbreth in order to study the motions of a compositor setting type by hand and according to the simplified spelling system ers have permitted Gilbreth to cross-examine them. Since they only theorized about themselves, since they told him that they did one thing, but actually did another, quite John Barrett making ten cycles of taking the pencil out of his left-hand pocket; yet this was the pocket in which Mr. Barrett customarily kept the pencil “This chrono-cycle - graph shows the paths made by the hand of John Barrett, presi- dent of the Pan-Ameri- can Union, while tak- ing a pencil out of his right-hand pocket, he having been accus- tomed to taking it out of his left-hand pocket. Compare this with the picture on the right, showing him taking the pencil out of his left-hand pocket in the usual manner ee NA ag Rg gag IGEN IIT ng RB I AB IO aE AAA hn > — nt a aaa tis — - - ee This time element is of great importance, not only for com- parative or ‘relative’ time, but also for exact time. This time element is obtained by putting an interrupter in the light circuit, so as to cause the light to flash at an even rate at a known number of times a second. This gives a line of SU0GR beads N Here Mr. Barrett is shown making one cycle of the motions he commonly exe- cutes taking the pencil from his vest pocket; compare the picture opposite ee a ON gree ee en ee rs ca ,' Sth } 2 rn

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time spots in the picture in- stead of a continuous light line. Counting thelight spots tells the time consumed. “The next step was to show the direction of mo- tions.... The light spots. are pointed at their forward ends. The points thus, like the visual symbols of arrow- heads, show the direction.” We Can’t Judge Our Motions The cyclegraph, as Gil- breth applies it, has shown that none of us can tell how he performs motions. Ask a compositor how he sets type by hand and he will surely give you a wrong answer. He isn’t trying to deceive you; he simply doesn’t know. He has at least three ways of performing histask. In the first place, there is the way that he adopts when he is thinking, not of what he is actually doing, but of the ultimate result. Next, there is the way that he adopts when he is asked to instruct another. The third is the way that he follows when he thinks that he is illustrating his own method—which, strange as it may seem, is not the same as that adopted for instruction. Golfers’ Axioms Are Not Facts It is one of the axioms of a golfer that the up swing of a club should be exactly tie same as the down swing. On the left is a cycle- graph photograph of James Barnes. A light is attached to the head of his goif-stick. ‘‘ Don’t move your head,” is one of the maxims of golf. But this cyclegraph of Barnes, made by Frank B. Gilbreth for Walter Camp and Goff Illus- trated, disproves the maxim utterly. All champion golf-players move their heads, as Gilbreth’s photographs abundantly prove Gilbreth attached five electric lights to Richard Hovey in order to chart his motions while mak- ing a full drive in golf. Note that the down- ward stroke does not follow the upward stroke, all golf conven- tions notwithstanding part in this man’s work. Why? Because the hand follows nearly the same path over and over again These models preserve the motions of a man on a drill-press during the process of learning. Note the improvement indicated in the last model over, the first; all hesitation is gone By attaching a light to the club, Gilbreth has shown that the two ares are not the same and that the down swing is noticeably closer to the body. ‘“‘Don’t move your head,” is another prin- ciple dinned into the head of the novice. But Gilbreth’s cyclegraph records of a great champion like Barnes show that the best players do move their heads notwith- standing. Fundamental Rhythm of Motioa Why should an efficiency engineer bother with golf- players? It is Gilbreth’s theory that all manual work, whether it is a surgeon’s, a bricklayer’s, or a_tennis- player’s, is alike in this: It possesses a fundamental rhythm. The natural laws and un- derlying principles resulting from the design, selection, standardization, care, and use. of tools can be discov- ered as surely as mathemat- ical laws, and these laws are the same for all tool- users, all trades, all outdoor games. This is the reason why Gilbreth has studied the most skilled handkerchief- folders, the most skilled surgeons, the fastest brick- layers, the quickest typists with his cyclegraph — all to reveal the astonishing fact that a champion does not know why he is a champion.

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eb, eee tat exten eke my ‘ et: ae ee ‘ settles i cn = ne ree A Flying Pelican Looks Like a Japanese Print LANCE at this picture of a pelican flying, and you will understand that, while the bird may stand for the limericks that are written about it, it prefers to sit for its portrait. Our bird is one of the colony at the United States Bird Reser- vation at the mouth of the Missis- sippi, where fifty thousand pelicans have been counted on the “Mud Lumps.” As soon as the young are able to paddle about, their parents are kept busy fishing to satisfy their appetites. The old birds come in from the fishing grounds, says Al- fred M. Bailey, of the Louisiana State Museum, in a long string formation, “flying with carefully timed strokes, and scaling so close to the water that it seems as if they must strike the surface at every beat.’’ It’s Wise to Train Them While They’re Young FTER reading in one of the newspapers that a few railroad workers have larger salaries than the Governor of New York State and that many of them earn more than majors in the United States Army, the wise mother of the boy shown in the picture below bought him a “kiddie-car”’ and let him play locomotive engineer to a train of wagon trailers. Like all children, this youngster loves his “‘kiddie-car,’’ and to it has now been added the joy of dragging around loads of dirt, sand, or any other material nec- cessary in his particular line of business. The earnest-looking little boy in our picture is evidently con- templating some very difficult and important task. ) Sinews of War and Peace ——— and still more steel is the rallying cry of both the peace and war battalions, whether it’s cannon and shells or railroad tracks, girders, and rivets that are in special demand; but it is not often that we get so dramatic a view of steel in the making as the photographer caught at a rolling-mill in Coatesville, Pa. The giant crucible—it holds hundred tons of metal and is said to be the largest in the world—is spilling out molten metal—the life blood, it might be called, of modern industry. This great crucible fathered enormous quantities of the metal that helped drive back the German armies. And, now that the war is over, it is willing and ready to do its part in the cause of peace. ont A Study in Tree Heredity versus Environment VEN the trees of the field offer striking examples of the retentive power of heredity and the influence of environment, as is evidenced by this tale of two trees. In a field near Mont Alto, Pa., stand two trees of the same age which developed in an identical environment. Being of different species,—the one on the left a white pine, and the other a yellow pine,—they possess unlike inherent tendencies and consequently de- veloped entirely dissimilar forms. The white pine, an adaptable tree, developed a rather broad and high crown with the lateral branches persisting almost to the ground; while the yellow pine produced a narrow and shallow crown and a bare trunk for almost three fourths of its height. The Dog that Wheels a. Baby Carriage O you find nurse-girls hard to get? Then buy a dog, stand him on his hind legs, and back the baby carriage into him. He will clutch at the handle with his front toes in order to balance himself. Do this several times and he will _ grow attached to the handle. This is exactly what you want. Teach him to push the carriage, and then you may be reasonably sure that he won’t let go. Dress him up in a cap and apron and let him be your nurse. Are you skeptical? Look at Toutou, here. He is a Parisian nurse, and walks along the Boule- vard Wagram every afternoon pushing his carriage before him. It is even said by persons of veracity that he crosses streets, observes traffic rules, and barks at care- less chauffeurs. Al Sepang saps Ng IE egg A EY CLT OO er PO lm tt eed nee Ep TE eS em ne ent fea bra is ¢ wh orn for of : the an ans bui spy will poc ver exti fit the iar is fi of | to wh set tog Wii * cas it o hou The em] cial ter tha car] I mal wat cau wat tell of ¢ just the casi wat be you nec ash que cep a ti

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Carry a Spy-Glass in * _ ee —;] They Say He’s Three Your Vest Pocket ee a eas > _ Centuries Old “ H, if I only had an opera- OU are here introduced to glass!”” sighs the bird Peter, the giant tortoise of enthusiast, as he glimpses a the London Zoo. Since his feathered unknown in the birth was not registered, we branches above; and his wish are unable to tell his exact age; is often echoed by other folk but experts assure us that he who may not be amateur is considerably older than any ornithologists, but who long of us, the day of his birth dat- for a nearer and clearer view ing back two or three cen- of something that has caught turies. His age accounts for their eye. his great size—he has never No need goes long without stopped growing. an answer. In this case the We wonder what Peter’s answer is a folding opera-glass, thoughts on civilization are built on the principle of the as he wanders around his sec- spy-glass, which when closed tion of the Zoo. Has he ever will go easily into a vest seen an airplane? Probably pocket. not; he keeps his head too Not only is the little glass close to the ground. very compact, but to some He was once as small as the extent it can be adjusted to tortoise seen crawling on his fit the spacing of the eyes of F é back. We hope that when the the user, whereas in the famil- A Trolley Car in Gold and White little fellow reaches the front iar type of glass the eye-piece E edge of the shell he will crawl mnt catommmacte eee [TB chance you should go someday vo Clg, Cane Sebo hel Bail a of the average person, often mobile or pay a high price for a seat in a bus in order to see He is no match, we fear, for to the discomfort of one the town. Why not? Because the street-car railway owns his fellow tortoise. whose ey ~ 14 an elaborate sight-seeing car that makes regular trips each . set more closely day in the course of which it covers all the trolley together or more tracks in the city. The obliging conductor points es out the public library, resi- en dences of local magnates, leading churches, and other points of interest, besides collecting fares with great regularity. The car seats, which run crosswise, are graduated like those of a theater. A canvas canopy, supported by white enameled posts, acts as the roof of the car. Great mirrors adorn the sides of the car—which, by the way, is attractively finished off in white and gold. widely apart. Not a Watch—an Ash-Tray If You Let Your Finger-Nails Grow panes no longer at the ladies who have turned their lockets NCE a year the Chinaman below takes a day off and manicures into powder-boxes; here is a man who uses his empty watch- his finger-nails, and he is busy all day; for three of his nails case as an ash-tray. He carries it in his watch pocket and takes are very long and likely to be dirty, even though they are encased it out whenever he wishes to smoke in houses where no ash-trays are provided. Then, when he reaches the street, he empties out the ashes. The idea is recommended spe- cially to those men who scat- ter cigar ashes broadcast, meanwhile announcing that ashes are good for the carpets. It is also meant for the man who carries a broken watch in his pocket be- cause he likes to wear a watch-chain. He never can tell you or himself the time of day, so would it not be just as well if he dug out the stuffings and left his case free for ashes? ; Of course, the larger the watch-case the greater will be the number of cigars you can smoke before it is necessary to empty the ashes. We recommend fre- quent washing of the. re- ceptacle—and be sure it’s a tight-fitting watch-case. in bamboo stalks all the year round. You see, this Chinaman has the longest nails in existence, and he is very proud of them. The longest one is thirty-one and one half inches long, thenext measurestwenty- one inches, and the small- est but six and one half inches. The twenty-one-inch nail was about to undergo its annual thorough over- hauling when this picture was taken, and it is shown without its casing. It looks very much like one of the bread-sticks that bakers used to sell. It must be a rich China- man who can afford the luxury of such elongated nails, for surely they must interfere with any kind of work; in fact, he must find it difficult to sleep and eat in comfort. But the glory of being the finger-nail champion of the world is probably worth it. A en

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=a perth. 2 Cee UE a i ia . 7 Assisted by a lighted match, this gentle- man went hunting for a leak in his car- buretor. He realized (too late) that gasoline leaks should be trailed with an electric torch or left until daylight Be very careful when throw- ing away lighted matches. Oily rags are easily ignited HELD A LIGHTED MATCH TO GASOLINE TANK OF AUTO. @xplosion Follows—Chacffeur, Bad- ly Burned. Taken to Hospitel in Dying Condition. As a result of lighting a match to Giscover a bit of wood in a gasoline tank, Max Lieberman, a chauffeur, nine- teen of No. 52 Varet Street, Brooklyn, 1s dying in the Cumberland Street Hospital with burns on the head, face .and aniders. ese = Every one has seen the costly repairs made upon cracked cylinders. One way to crack them is to pour cold water into a hot radiator and cooling system. Wait until the engine cools Cleanliness is just as neces- sary to your car as it is to your person. Act accordinglv The worst firebug of all is the carburetor “‘back-fire.” When you adjust the carburetor for a better mixture, don’t race the engine; for that popple-pop-pop means Gasoline, oil, and grease everywhere. Yet the repair- men smoke. One garage-owner who despaired of get- ting results by talking painted the sign: ‘‘Don’t Smoke Ss a fire, and sometimes it means a serious conflagration —If Your Life Isn’t Worth Anything, Gasoline Is’ eee What a display of sparks occurred when you took off the generator cover and dropped it on the com- mutator. You had a lucky escape. Remove one of the wires next time If the puddle of gasoline beneath your car catches fire from a care- lessly thrown match, the car will probably go up in smoke. Better keep the gasoline system tight If your brakes are too tight, the burning smell will warn you. If you disregard the warning, some day you’ll have a bad crash because the lining will have burned away ee el ee te _ o> TH OS we we we weet es oe O89 |]H] wm uit PL

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This License Plate Can Be Read at Night OW to reduce the numerous fatali- ties and injuries caused by reck- less automobile driving is a problem that is causing considerable thought throughout the country. An invention brought out by Otto Gropper, of Long Island City, N. Y., ameliorates to a decided degree the present existing conditions. The tail light is combined with the_license plate, its numbers being punched out, so that the light shines through, rendering the number easy to read by night as well as by day. With this invention the speeder’s car number can be taken with the least difficulty. To steal a car with this attachment a thief would have to replace the whole rear lighting arrangement. The plate is impossible to duplicate, and therefore serves a twofold purpose—that of pre- Touring in your own hotel is something new. The truck shown here affords every convenience, with the advantage of being placed where the view is best venting substitution and that of giving The Hotel Automobile Is Here a clear license which can be seen at some distance. MOTOR-TRUCK manufacturer has produced a unique vehicle that has practically enabled him to take his “‘hotel’”’ with him when he journeys long distances by motor, as he did recently, with his wife and a party of friends. This was a long trip from the city of - Marion, Ind., to California, and back, a distance of four thousand miles. The “hotel” is a completely fitted out body on a two-ton motor- truck chassis with pneumatic tires. The vehicle contains sleeping compartments for several people, with glass windows on each side. Beneath each compartment there is a clothes-chest. The rear of the truck body is completely fitted up as a kitchen, or perhaps, to be ac- curate, we should say kitchenette. It is also provided with a lighting system, and is equipped with water-tanks, a pump, and sanitary plumbing. A new type of license plate Besides being independent of hotels, the happy owner of a car like which can be seen clearly this never has to hurry to catch a train. by night as well as by day and which can- not be substituted It’s Called a Mechanical Mascot HE craziest machine known to the automotive world is MeHOLE in the possession of the engineering department of the eae Kansas City Agricultural College at Manhattan, where it "5 is known as the “‘mechanical mascot.” Every bolt, nut, pin, and beam that went into the machine was made in the college shops. The machine runs like an automobile, looks like a contrivance of the devil, and sounds like it too. Its exhaust can be heard a mile away. No rubber tires grace the wheels. Its transmission is a crude leather belt, and its clutch an iron rod. It has A Forge Made of an Old Rear Axle FORGE for use in a small repair shop may be made out of half of an old Ford rear axle _ housing. It may be used for straight- ening bent frames or other pieces of metal, and for beating them into different shapes. In manufacturing the forge only the outside housing of one half of the axle is used. It is set up on its smaller end on a heavy ‘ase to keep it upright; but TIRE VALVE ‘*\— HEAVY BASE A tin plate, fitted inside of the round ) ae ae idee See the base must not be so neither reverse oe g, near the heavy as to make the device gear nor springs. top, holds the coke difficult to move from place It accommodates to place. two passengers. A tin plate is fitted inside of the round part of the The college en- housing near the top, to hold the coke. The air is led into the base of the stand from a hose with a tire- valve, and then up through a small hole in the center of the plate supporting the coke. The air for operating the forge may be forced through the bed of coke by-an ordinary hand tire- Poy Lim isin the driver’s seat, all ready to pump or, better, from a small compressor if this is step on the accelerator. Beware, pedestrians! available. gineers are very proud of their work, and never overlook an opportunity to exhibit the mascot.

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’ Mel Pet gent yen ee ES eS ee ae pialisin sabecheshnrenaasmite ane nnes ba hans fa ae Can Man Create Life? Scientists produce plants that actually grow and blossom A small crystal of nickel nitrate dropped in a sodium silicate solu- tion will quickly develop into the plant shown above; you can ac- tually watch the tendrils shoot up, since it takes but ten minutes for When a cobalt nitrate crystal is dropped into the solution, it is red; but as the plant devel- ops the crystal turns green. The plant itself is one-celled, as are the plants that grow at the bottom of the ocean From one crystal of manganese sul- phate many protuberances will grow, and from each of these will spring many shoots; but, even though these artificial plants will grow and blossom, they are the plant to grow to its full height This looks like a typical example of marine plant life among the corals, but in reality it is a tank full of crystals ten minutes after they were dropped in: the plants are several colors After three minutes one arm of the crystal had grown. This growth, the chemist explains, is due to osmosis—the diffusion of two liquids of different densities through a thin partition lifeless and cannot reproduce At seventeen minutes to eleven a crystal of cobalt nitrate was dropped into the water- glass solution; note in the two pictures below the speed at which it developed At eight minutes to eleven the plant is fully grown—just nine minutes after the crystal was dropped into the tank. It has twigs, leaves, and protuberances that greatly resemble fruit sept eet

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as The flowers that bloom in the pots, tra-la, have nothing to do with the can. The watering-can contains, not water, but alive wire that projects a little beyond the spout. As the heroenters through a bower of roses, carrying the can, you naturally assume that he is going to water the flowers. But no; he touches the live wire to another wire concealed in the flowers, and lo! a bell sounds and the pot lightsup. Each bell has a different tone, and he plays a tune with his watering-can, thus attracting the attention of the ’cello-playing heroine INSULATION Isn’t the Stage Shocking! Actors are charged with electricity and currents are planted in the flower-pots He clicks bones for a living, and sometimes he has clicked in vain to an unappreciative audience. But he needs must live, eat, and buy new flowers for his buttonhole, so he has electrified his bones in hopes of electrifying his audience. Every time he clicks them together they flash. Why do actors always wear flowers? STRIPS OF COLORED SILK -RUHMKORFF COIL Ly ihi-— Every time one of the boxers gets a blow he sees stars—and so does everybody else present. It’s not a case of sympathy, but of electricity. Both boxers wear suits and gloves that are made of interwoven metal and textile fabrics; they stand on a metal plate that is electrically charged, being connected with a battery concealed beneath the floor. Whenever they hit each other, a spark jumps from one to the other Nearly every season Joan of Arc turns up on the theatrical stage to get burned at the stake. You know perfectly well that they can’t burn an actress every night, and yet the stage burning is most realistic ROPES FOR LOWERING PLATFORM Joan is tied to the stake, and the logs are piled up in front of her. Next-come red electric lights, and then a real log fire. An electric blower sends the flames and smoke into the air, and it looks just as if the flames were coming from the logs at Joan’s feet. Strips of colored silk are blown into the air behind her, and you are almost convinced that she is really burning

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cai SAB ees LAHAT PP Re a a Men ee eee RE eT le Sod saath CSET OM ae eee TT SLT SMITE, . STVIE Ses in mE OG GTS Oe Lag Bee ee _—— a ‘ f . RP 55 ys: OT TE ea GO eB WE With this formidable apparatus scientists are seeking to determine the ratio between the velocity of sound and the temperature of the medium through which it passes How Fast Will Sound Travel in Hot Air? HE speed with which sound travels through space depends in some measure on the temperature of the medium through which the sound waves pass. But what is the exact relation? Professor T. R. Watson, of the University of Illinois, used in his investigations the apparatus shown in the picture, which was devised by him and his assistant, Mr. H. T. Booth. It consists essentially of three parts. At the right of the picture is a Helmholtz siren driven by a small elec- tric motor. The pitch of the sound produced by the siren is indicated by a counter connected with the siren. The spool-shaped apparatus supported by a stand in vented by Rayleigh. It consists of two concentric metal tubes of different diameter. The smaller cylinder, which is placed inside the larger, is encircled by a heating coil. By sending an electric current through the resistance coil the inner tube may be heated to a high temperature, and the temperature may be maintained indefinitely. The pitch of the inner tube at normal temperature is known. From the inner tube, at a point two thirds of the distance from the open end, a vertical tube of small diameter extends upward through the outer tube. Within that vertical tube a fine thread is sus- pended to which two small circular disks are attached—one just within the horizontal tube, at the end of the thread, the other higher up, out- side of the larger tube. The lower disk will re- spond by rotating to siren sounds having approximate- ly the same pitch as the resonator, while the higher disk will show a maximum deflection when the pitch of the siren is sufficiently raised to correspond with the pitch of the resonator at the higher temperature. By plotting the observations made at different temperatures on a chart, lines were obtained which established a fixed ratio between the square of the pitch and the absolute temperature. This ratio was maintained only for tem- peratures up to 400° Celsius. In the experiments the tem- WRIST STRAP AND ELECTRODE the middle of the picture is the resonator of the type in- col Make Your Thin Bristles Stand Up Electrically HEN you wish to shave, how can you make “each par- ticular hair to stand on end like quills upon the fretful porcupine’? By means of a faradic current, says Frank White, of Missouri; and he has invented a razor that will supply it. Faradic current causes muscular contraction at each make and break. This muscular contraction in turn causes the hairs near by to rise up. The blade of the razor may be of either the ordinary or the safety-razor type. The handle is insulated and has a hollow center through which the electric wire is run. It continues on, winds around an induction coil, and travels from there on to a contact plate that is strapped to the user. The primary coil of the .in- duction coil is connected to a storage battery. Thus the user completes the circuit from razor-blade_ to contact plate. SLIDING TUBE CONTROL 4 The electrified razor-blade makes the bristles rise up to be cut, and massages the face Dance in the Footprints ° O you dance?” “No.” “Why not?” “ce Cc an’t.”’ Such conversations are heard time and time again. ‘Ah, but anyone can learn to dance,” says Max Rothkugel, of New York city, “if he uses my dancing chart.” The chart dissects each dance step into its individ- ual foot movements, and matches them to the notes of the music. The chart may be either book-sized or life-sized. If -you use the life-sized one, you follow up the footprints painted on it. They are numbered _ consecutively, and each number corre- sponds with a note of music. If one foot is stationary for two beats, then the two numbers are marked on the footprint. If the step is taken on the toe, the num- ber is marked in the toe of the footprint; similarly, if the heel is dropped, the number appears in the foot- perature of the inner tube print’s heel. When you was regulated by a _ther- * mostat. Dancing is not an art, but a simple mathematical problem, when taught with the help of this chart swing around, a dotted line points out your path. —_ 2 cis oe ae 6 | cm ee C } t b

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R-R-R-R-R — the G dentist tunes up his drill and grinds a great hole in your tooth. Next he hacks at it, picks at it, drills it again, and tells you to come back tomorrow for more. No wonder everybody hates the dentist! But dentistry is pro- gressing rapidly: pain is being eliminated, and so are the unbecoming metal fillings and gold teeth that formerly disfigured people’s mouths. Den- tists have found that by casting fillings and inlays as they do caps, much of the dental work now done in the mouth can be done as well out of it — but gold or some similar mineral is gen- erally used. Dr. F. Stanwood Wel- den, of Brooklyn, New York, was the first den- tist successfully to com- bine porcelain with cast- ing after an inexpensive method within reach of the ordinary dentist. ’ This porcelain is said You Can’t Tell the Real Tooth from the False By P. Schwarzbach appearance. In filling a tooth, Dr. Welden, after drilling in the usual way, _makes a wax impression of the cavity. From this impression he is able to make a porcelain filling that will fit the cavity ex- actly. He usually leaves a piece of porcelain on the outside of the casting to serve as a handle while the filling is being ce- mented in. In making porcelain in- lays, the wax pattern is subjected to the proper degree of heat to con- sume the wax; then the molten porcelain is forced into the space formerly occupied by the wax pat- tern, thus making certain that the inlay will ex- actly fit the original cav- ity of which the wax pat- tern was taken. In an article about his new porcelain Dr. Welden says: “After thousands of experiments it was dis- covered that the best results were obtained by alloying various silicates to be the closest imi- tation of natural tooth structure ever produced. The peculiar textural translucency of a tooth is dupli- cated; gums are restored; the chemical composition of the porcelain is very like that of tooth enamel; moreover, it is stronger than tooth enamel, and will cut glass like a dia- mond. It is absolutely insolu- ble, and insulates the nerve of the tooth from shock due to heat and cold. The porcelain comes in twenty- two different shades, including creams, grays, and pinks, so that the dentist will be able to match virtually any tooth or re- store receding gums to a natural Showing (by means of a model tooth) how a porcelain inlay is applied: notice the cup-shaped handle for manipulating it Porcelain fillings cast to fit the cavity have been placed in the patient’s upper teeth when the gums have receded. The new filling can scarcely be distinguished from the tooth surface RESTORATION OF DEAD MOLAR _ PORCELAIN CROWN OVER LIVE. TOOTH RESTORATION OF LOST GUM BETWEEN CROWN AND ROOT MOLAR RESTORATION ON LIVE TOOTH Here are some caps, a pivot tooth, and an inlay made from the new porcelain: in color and chemical make- up it is more like real tooth enamel than any other porcelain made; and it comes in twenty-two shades in proper proportions, just as metallic alloys are made. It is well known that the fusing point of any alloy is much lower than the fusing point: of any of the constituents of the alloy. For instance, Rose’s metal is made. of lead, tin, and bismuth in the proper pro- portions. It fuses in boiling water, and yet any one of its ingredients fuses at a much higher temperature. “Taking advantage of this fact, I have produced a silicate compound that fuses within the range of the ordinary gas blow- pipe and is thus made amenable to the every-day procedure in a dental laboratory.” The model tooth with the filling in place. The handle can now be cut off. At the right of the picture is the finished tooth

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ibid You Need Not Have Leaky Roofs HY does the owner of the hands in the picture persist in chipping pieces from a brand-new strip of roofing? He’s not destructive — just demonstra- tive; he chips in order to show you the four layers that make up this new water- proof, corrosion-proof material. The inside layer is steel; next comes asphalt; then asbestos, and on top of all water- proofing. What chance do water, smoke, gases, and fumes stand of destroying a roof made of such stuff? The roofing is made in the following manner. A steel sheet is heated to a certain temperature and then cleansed of grease, moisture, and destructive oxides. The steel is next given an asphalt bath. It comes out with a coat of thick, elastic asphalt that will pro- tect perfectly — as long as the asphalt is intact. But asphalt is susceptible to light and heat. Hence the next layer of The Perfect O you pride yourself on your abil- ity to shoot, and do you carefully polish the sharpshooting medals you have won? Then think of the perfect cartridges that made your record shots possible. In order to perfect cartridges the manufacturers must carry on an ex- tensive amount of very careful testing. In one plant twenty-five million test shots are fired every year; and the rec- ord is about one subnormal cartridge in every six thousand. In one of the tests the cartridges are fired into a large sand-bank. Every hour men go through the plant and take samples at random of all kinds of am- munition. Then again, there is the test for deter- He has chipped a piece out of the water- proof roofing to show its four layers of steel, asphalt, asbestos, and water-proofing mining bullet velocity. For this a fine wire is drawn across the muzzle of the gun and this wire is connected with an electrical attachment holding a long rod. When the bullet leaves the gun’s muzzle it breaks the wire and releases the rod. When the bullet reaches the tar- get, another connection is broken, re- leasing a weight. This falling weight operates a lever, which in turn makes a scratch on the falling rod. Thus the distance between the zero mark on therod and the place where the rod wasscratched represents the distance the rod fell. Bodies fall at a definite rate; hence this fall can be translated into time. Then, there is the question of “ hang-fire ”’ — by whichis meant 2) asbestos felt. This is forced into the asphalt by pressure and heat, so that the two become inter- mingled. But asbestos has its faults, too. It softens when water atie~ks it. And so we have the last and outside layer of water- proofing. The roofing is then ready to defy the destructive elements. It is used for ventilators, siding, skylights, and gutters as well. Used as roofing, it may be obtained in corrugated, beaded, clapboard, or flat sheets. The asbestos and asphalt are drawn over the edges of these sheets when they are made, so that they too are thoroughly protected. When it is necessary to cut these sheets, as is the case in manufacturing ventila- tors and skylights, the raw edges are treated before they are sent out. Cartridge—How It Gets That Way the delay of the cartridge in exploding after the hammer strikes the primer. This delay may be as long as half a minute. Hang-fire is tested just as bullet vel- ocity is tested—the rod being released when the firing-pin strikes the primer. The weight is released when the shot leaves the muzzle of the gun. Primers are tested both for certainty of fire and for over-sensitiveness. There is a test for making sure that shells and cartridges are accurately loaded, tests for recoil, and others for the velocity of the shot after leaving the barrel. All of these tests are in the hands of expert ballistic engineers. To test the breech pressure of a cart- ridge, the rear end of the barrel is drilled and a piston is inserted; on exploding the piston shoots upward and the cylinder is compressed; the length before and after this operation indicates the compression —— By measuring the blow of a weight dropped on a primer it is possible to determine the force necessary to explode it How long does the bullet take to reach the target? This chronograph answers the question. The breaking of a wire by the bullet as it leaves the rifle starts the chronograph registering, while the impact on the target breaks the elec- tric circuit and completes the record J fan It aut sha wel 10} to pai the pip Th att: Pip sna it | con be sub ing eve its rub har che elin fore twi side

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A pump that will bring water from your well to your kitchen; it sucks the water into a tank connected by pipes to the kitchen faucets From Well to Kitchen Sink — “TACK and Jill went up the hill to fetch a pail of water’—you are familiar with the tragedy that followed. It might never have happened if an automatic electric pump like the one shown above had been attached to the well. You see, they would not have had to go up the hill, but could have gone to the faucet in the kitchen for their pail of water. The pump, which is located above the well, sucks up the water through a pipe extending down into the well. The water is drawn into a small tank attached to the base of the pump. Pipes lead from the tank to faucets in the house. The object of the tank is to prevent the jerky flow of water from the faucet that would result if it were pumped directly from the well. The tank being a small one, the water in it will not become warm or stagnant, as often happens to water held in large tanks. Still another job is assigned to the tank: it works the switch that starts and stops the motor. When the water in the tank is low, a diaphragm. pres- sure-switch attached to it starts the motor turning and the pump pump- ing. When ‘the tank is full, the motor stops. EA WEE D—what’s it good for? The only thing most of us do with it is snap the blister to hear it “pop.” But seaweed has a real commercial value. It may be turned into a hard, tough substance and used for mak- ing ash-trays, baskets, and even dolls. As we know, seaweed in its natural state is wet and rubbery. In order to make it hard and tough it must be chemically cured so that most of the vegetable matter is eliminated. Then, just be- Practise golf indoors by us- ing asmall cardboard “‘ball’’; hitting the inside circle equals a 200-yard drive Indoor Golf OLFERS may practise their strokes indoors in the winter by sub- stituting for the regular ball a recently invented cardboard golf-ball. The card- board ball is not a ball at all, since it is shaped like a triangular prism. On each of two sides of the prism is a white spot having a circumference like that of a regular golf-ball. Two black circles are drawn on each white spot, the in- side one being marked ‘200 yards,”’ the outside one ‘‘100 yards.” Pointed wire attached to the golf- stick impales the “‘ball’’ when it is hit, and an inspection tells how far the shot would have carried on the golf course. /\ Now Turned to Seaweed weed a rich reddish-brown color and the inside a soft cream shade. No artificial coloring is necessary, there- fore, in order to make the various articles shaped from the seaweed attractive to the eye. The kind of seaweed known as “‘kelp” is most often used; its scientific name is Macro- cystis pyrifera. It has the dis- tinction of being the longest plant in the world, for it sometimes reaches a height of fifteen hundred feet. Recent- ly chemists have found that seaweed contains a small fore it dries it is cut and amount of the much needed twisted into any shape that may be desired. Nature has colored the out- side of the stems of the sea- Mim. Oe en OOOO These trinkets come from the bottom of the sea— not in their present form, to be sure. Most of the vegetable matter is taken out of the seaweed by a chemical process, and the remainder is cut and shaped into various forms and dried potash; and now strange boat mowers are seen along the coast—harvesting the much desired kelp.

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ie st ci Se tala 4 ca cai oa > Lo 2 Z - ye ti a * x GRRE nee MOOSE 9 EZ TORELES: i ELM AROS [rate pA Co at CD These men are being trained in mine rescue work; they wear gas-masks because the room is filled with poisonous gas. The masks are self-sufficient, needing no air pipes Rescue Squads at School OW long have sawing, hammering, and chopping wood been deadly deeds? You will naturally ask that question when you notice that all the woodmen in the picture above wear gas-masks. The reason for the masks is that the room is filled with formaldehyde gas. It is the testing gallery of the Mine Safety Section of the Bureau of Mines at Pittsburgh. The men—students in mine rescue work—are wearing a new kind of gas-mask that makes its own oxygen and needs no outside pipe-line. The amount of oxygen that is generated depends entirely on the amount of exercise done by the wearer. That is one reason why the men are making the wooden frame alongside of the tracks. The other reason is that they need practice in the kind of work they may be called on to do, and wooden props like the one shown in the picture must often be set up in coal-mines. A mask of this type will supply a man with enough oxygen for two, three, or even ten hours, depending on the amount of exercise he is taking. The testing gallery is an airtight room, semicircular in shape, and having an area of more than sixteen hundred square feet. In it there is a forty-five-pound weight-pulling ma- chine, a wall over which students climb carrying props, and a place for the building of brick mine stoppings. The picture shows a man loading a mine car with sacks of rock; when it is loaded he will push it one hundred feet along the track and unload it. The man who is sawing thin blocks of wood from a log is using a dull saw which makes his work difficult and tedious. Behind him is a bicycle having a friction brake. The men must ride this while wearing their masks—a most trying task, as may readily be imagined. Men in training for mine rescue work receive a five-day course in which they are taught the construction, principles, and care of their masks, and they must wear the masks for five two- hour periods; during four of these periods the testing gallery is filled with poisonous gases. Naturally, only men in the pink of physical condition can stand the strain of this arduous training in rescue work, which also calls for courage and resourcefulness of a high order. A small shower attached to the faucet will give the dirty workman all the benefits of a real shower bath. He soaps himself, then turns on the shower and washes the soap off thoroughly Two days of hard work—not counting the judge’s sen- tence—are ahead of the burglar who tries to cut through a recently invented metal that defies the oxyacetylene flame Making Doors for Hades? OR many years steel-plated safes and vaults gave ample" protection against the predatory knights of the jimmy. Then the invention of nitroglycerine gave the criminal ele- ment the advantage for a while, until science taught how to make steel so hard as to defy the cracksman’s drill. The balance again tilted in favor of the evil-doers when science gave to the world the oxyacetylene flame, which eats its way through steel as a hot knife does through butter. But once more science spoiled the cracksman’s game, by producing a metal that is proof against even that. The new metal, which resists the oxyacetylene flame toa remarkable degree, had been in use for some time for door- sills, stair-treads, floors, vault lights, and coal-hole covers before its refractory qualities were discovered. The layer of abrasive, a metallic carbon compound harder than the hardest steel and almost indestructible, which is embedded in the surface of steel plates or bars, not only resists wear by the polishing effect of sole-leather, but affords protection against the drill and the oxyacetylene torch of the safe-blower. After exhaustive tests it is estim- ated that it would take two men fully two days’ work with about forty tanks of oxygen and ten of acetylene to cut a hole in this metal large enough to permit a man to crawl through. Showers Make the Skin Grow Cleaner HOWERS—not the kind that come from the sky, but from the water faucet—furnish the most thor- ough kind of bath. The force of the water beating on the body thoroughly cleanses the skin. Believing this, a large steel company recently decided to install small show- er attachments on all the wash-basins throughout its plant. In the picture at the left one of the workmen is shown taking his shower after a dirty day’s work. You may think that his face still looks dirty; it isn’t: he merely needs a shave. By stripping to the waist, soaping his arms, neck, and face, and then washing off the soap in the strong flow of the shower, he has turned out much cleaner than he would have if he had washed in the basin in the ordinary manner. — SS A 8 45 Fo} 8DlCUrSY ED CUO at ath, Ay SO ae a a

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How steam came of an electric railway company in Easton, Pa., to me one day in the spring of 1911. He pointed to the reenforced concrete columns, girders, and beams of a large packing-house. From cellar to garret, wide cracks followed the lines of the buried steel. Near the packing- house was a railway power plant, and the packers thought this was the source ‘of the trouble. But with suitable electrical in- struments I demon- strated beyond a doubt that it was caused by electricity that had leaked from the cir- cuits of the packing- house. “Can you put the building into a safe condition electrically and repair the dam- aged concrete?” the packers asked me. As an electrical en- gineer I felt I could solve the first problem. But I knew nothing about concrete. Ex- perts assured me that the repairs could be made with a ma-. chine that blew a stream of dry cement and dry sand into a jet of water. In accordance with their advice, I un- dertook the contract of repairing the concrete after installing the electrical protective apparatus. The cement-shooting machine worked well enough, but some of the fine, dry cement that escaped from the cone of the water-jet rained down upon every- thing within a radius of eighty feet. “You will ruin our meat,” said the packers. The government inspectors agreed with them, and told me to stop. What was I to do? After a search I found a machine for which it was claimedjthat it would blow a wet mix- ture of cement and sand and make it stick. I tried the apparatus. It failed ignominiously, and I sent for the in- ventor. After spending several miser- able hours in the dripping wet cooling- room of the packing-house, he delivered himself thus: “Any man who tries to place new concrete on the lower edge of an old concrete beam is a fool. But any man who tries to do this in a room where the temperature is below freezing is crazy. It can’t be done!” ¥ I OOK at this,” said the manager author made one. the Chicago and Great Western Railway. sprayer on a flat-car which was moved to and fro by means of a hand winch “It Can’t Be Done” to be used to shoot concrete into place By Harold P. Brown But I had meanwhile been using pneumatic hammers to chip away cracked concrete four inches thick on three thousand lineal feet of beams and girders. All the lower reenforcing rods of that concrete were exposed to salt water. The building seemed doomed; also my professional reputation. [I + a eeeeneeenmmmemmnnnets - 7 STEAM TO _ MIXER

decided that I would have to design my own apparatus. With a motor, frame, and hopper I built up a crude device that worked fairly well with compressed air. A few tests showed that the jetted concrete would hold. But why not heat the air? I made the attempt. The results were excellent in rooms where the tempera- ture was below freezing. Engineers all over the country became interested in the work. I received orders for similar machines. In two weeks I had the first concrete atomizer. Two machines were built and sold at once. Since that time I have repaired the honeycombed structure of the Lackawanna Railway Terminal at Hoboken, patched the first concrete barge built in this country after it proved to be too badly honeycombed for ser- vice, and kept myself busy shooting concrete. At first I used compressed air. Later I became convinced that steam would give better results at less cost. “It can’t be done,” said the engineers once more. “The cold concrete will condense the steam.” I obtained the use of a railway switch engine for my steam plant. In order

When he couldn’t find a machine on the market to repair a damaged concrete structure properly, the ““My most difficult job,” he says, “was relining a tunnel on For this under-taking I placed a to superheat the steam and control its temperature I arranged a coil of pipe in a coke fire. From seven in the morning we worked all one June day, without stopping to eat. No success. At five o’clock I mixed a final load of one part cement, three of sand, and two of fine pebbles with about fifteen per cent of water and with steam at 300° F. A perfect stream shot out, spread evenly, and adhered to the steel- work it was to cover. The next morning there was a flintlike surface better and stronger than the air-jetted con- crete around it. That was the begin- ning of much railway concrete work. When I was asked by the Chicago and Great Western Railway to reline its tunnel at Winston, IIL, I tackled my most diffi- cult job. Over the track center, nearly the entire lower course of brick had been worn away by the combined action of the locomotive exhaust and of streams of water that seeped through under heavy pressure. Since it is physically impossible for a man to hold a two-and-one-half-inch noz- zle shooting a stream of hot concrete directly over his head, I designed and placed on a flat-car a motor-driven rock-shaft located at the arch center, to which a flexible nozzle-holder was attached. This was mounted on a car- riage, so as to be moved ten feet forward and backward by means of a hand winch, and it also swung to and fro a spring-trowel device. This invention did away with hand mason work in ‘finishing the surface. An adjoining flat-car carried the atomizer and neces- sary materials. A box-car at the far end of the train supported the scaffold required for the work of removing de- fective brick. I have since worked out a modifica- tion of the nozzle car and trowel ma- chine for making concrete roads with an upper surface that will wear as well as granite. Thus what seemed an overwhelming failure resulted in the invention of a new labor-saving apparatus, new build- ing materials, and new methods of con- struction.

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po EBT It Saves the Motor-Truck’s Time The letters are on a re- volving belt; the work- man not knowing their order, there is no chance of dishonest registering In the center of the clock there are the letters KH, which the workman writes on his time-sheet instead of the hour and minute Every Minute Is Lettered ’ —Smith—9”’ looks mysterious, doesn’t it? It K H might easily be an important message in code, but as a matter of fact it isno more than a workman’s time record. Smith is the man’s name; 9 stands for the number of minutes he was late. What does the KH stand for? The time at which he arrived. Instead of punching a time-clock or recording the actual time of arrival, he wrote down the two code letters he saw in a box in the center of the clock panel. These two letters and many more are on an endless belt that is operated electrically by the clock. It revolves at a fixed rate of speed, so that the time-keeper will know virtual- ly the exact time that each letter combination represents. It is impossible for a workman to register dishonestly. Too Much Scrubbing HILE they crowded into the entrance of a moving -picture show in Cin- cinnati awaiting their turn to attend the second perform- ance, fifty-four people were suddenly dropped fifteen feet into the basement of the the- ater when the flooring upon which they stood gave way. Out of the fifty-four people who went down, more than thirty were severely injured. After the accident it was found that the timbers sup- porting the floor had been in a bad state of decay. The novel theory advanced by officials was that the flooring and its supporting timbers were kept in a continually damp and moldy condition by too fre- quent scrubbing of the floor! | ™ aT The wooden floor in the lobby of a moving-picture theater was scrubbed too often and the wood rotted; the result was that under extraordinary strain it suddenly gave way O longer can the motor-truck driver sit idly on the seat and smoke cigarettes while men in the railway car behind him shovel on his load. The men will simply pull a lever, and down will come the sand or gravel or coal out of a metal bin, or “‘loader skip,”’ attached to the side of the car. Then the driver will be invited to “put her in high”? and move on. His truck will be idle for only a moment or two. A contrivance such as this means much saving in time. Time is money in motor-truck operation, because interest on the considerable amount of capital invested in a truck, depreciation, and other overhead charges run on just the same, whether the truck is in operation or not. This new loader skip can readily be attached to the side of a car, because it comes in six parts, easily moved about in the yard by a man or two, and lifted into position. Two sizes are made—of one cubic yard and of one and a half cubic yards capacity respectively. Men in the railway car fill the ‘‘skip,” and when the truck arrives it can be loaded without the slightest delay Is Wood Getting Scarce? ILL the supply of coal give out? Will the supply of wood last long? You needn’t worry, for both of them will outlive you. Your great-grandchildren will begin to feel the wood short- age, but coal will be plentiful for several hundred years. The National Lumber Man- ufacturers’ Association has estimated that there is enough standing timber in the country to supply the lumber industry with raw material for at least one hundred and fifty years. This estimate includes the continua! growth of new trees at the annual rate of twenty billion feet. In spite of the fact that the excess of exports over imports each year may somewhat in- crease the annual drain, the total domestic consumption is not expected to exceed the usual amount, which is approximately _ thirty - three billion feet each year. You can see why the lumber manufacturers were _ suffi- ciently interested to compile these figures. a Oo se ae feet A. Oe Oe at a ee |e

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F course you use an electric fan to keep cool. Butlookat these pic- tures. Here is a method of using an electric fan to keep warm! The fan may be used to increase the draft of the cellar furnace; or it may be used to blow the hot air rising from a steam radiator into the room. We know of an enterprising Italian who keeps flies away from his fruit by means of an electric fan; of storekeepers who pre- vent their windows from being coated with ice by means of the electric fan. There must be many more uses for the electric fan. We want to know about them. Tell us! The POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY offers three prizes—a first prize of $25, a second prize of $15, and a third prize of $10, to be awarded in accordance with the following rules. Rules Governing the Contest 1. Submit as many methods of utiliz- ing the electric fan as you please. But remember that only one method can possibly win the first prize, only one the second, and only one the third. 2. The method of using the electric fan should be shown either in a photo- graph or in a drawing. We prefer pho- tographs, and above all photographs in which a human being is shown doing something useful. If a drawing is sent in, it need not be made by a skilled draftsman, as long as it is intelligible. Pencil sketches will be considered; but drawings made with ink on Bristol board are better. Write your name and address on each sheet of drawings and on the back of each photograph. 8. Your pictures should be accom- panied by a description, preferably typewritten, in which you tell us of your method of using an electric fan. Write on one side of the paper only, and con- fine yourself to 500 words. Your name and address should appear in the upper left-hand corner of the first sheet of the written descrip- tion. 4, The drawings, pictures, and descriptions entered should be received by the POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY not later than 5 p. m. on January 30, 1920. 5. The judges of the con- test will be the editors of the POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 6. The first prize of $25 will be awarded to the contestant who, in the opinion of the judges, suggests the most striking, unfamiliar, and prac- tical method of utilizing an electric fan for a purpose other than that of cooling a room. The second prize of $15 will be awarded to the con- testant who submits a method next in merit. Pi aon What Can You Do with an Electric Fan? The Popular Science Monthly offers three prizes for new uses for it The third prize of $10 will be paid to the contestant who submits the method third in merit. Don’t tell us of methods that have already been published. 7. The winners of the contest will be announced in the earliest possible issue of the POPULARSCIENCE MONTHLY. A de- scription of the methods that won the prizes offered will duly appear in the pagesof the POPULARSCIENCE MONTHLY, together with the names of the winners. 8. The editors of the POPULAR SCI- ENCE MONTHLY shall have the right to publish meritorious methods of utiliz- ing the electric fan, even though they do not wina prize. Regular space rates will be paid to the contestants whose methods are deemed worthy of publication. 9. If you submit more than one method, each description and pic- ture should be sent as a separate unit. 10. No manu- scripts or drawings will be returned. 11. Address pic- tures and descrip- tions to the Electric Fan Contest Editor, POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY, 225 West 39th Street, New York City. Two new uses for the electric fan: above, it is being pressed into service to increase the draft of the furnace; while in the other pic- ture it is shown help- ing out the radiator Making Climate to Order at Home HICH is your favorite climate? Do you like the moist and salt- laden air of the seashore or do you pre- fer the dry and thin air of the mountains? What useless questions, you may think, when you can neither control the climate in which you live nor travel to another. Yet there is no reason why you should not enjoy in your home the climate you like, provided you can afford to pay the cost. With a suitable heating plant you can regulate the temperature of your home to tropical conditions even in midwinter. If you prefer a frigid temperature you may have it by installing a refriger- ating plant. If you like the air a> eee With this apparatus you may change the air in your room so that it will be of the purity and fragrance of the air in the pine woods or mountain meadows dry, remove the moisture con- tained in the air by conducting it through tubes filled with calcium chloride or some other desiccating substance. If you like it moist, charge it with steam or water in the form ofafinespray. Mountain con- ditions may be produced by making your house airtight and reducing the air-pressure. To make sure that the air is free from dust install an appa- ratus like that in the picture. By means of an electrically driven suction fan the air coming from outside is forced through a reservoir containing water. If you wish you may put a few drops of your fa- vorite perfume, of a disinfec- tant, or of an essence of pine needles in the water. ——————_— Fa AT NEFA ERE ; ‘‘

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sr eae Peo Lt srg eocwess Ps raga alan Mt ER AIS abi a BERETS me ¥ Helping the Motorist to Save New things that play important parts in making Many rear driven trucks have attempted this incline, but only the four-wheel drive truck accomplished the feat. The height of the platform is twelve feet, the slope twenty- one feet, giving an angle at the base of thirty-three degrees Instead of holding a Ford crank-shaft in a vise in the ordinary way, which some- times springs the flange, this : device gives a flat, full bearing surface with a quick \.: operating handle clamp boxe — A new garage accounting system per- mits its owner to realize fully on his credit service, and, in addition, to handle all charge transactions — make the original entry, and post and bal- ance the account, with a statement to date for the customer — at one writing A motorist constructed this struc- ture on the running-board of his car, for the purpose of carrying his hunting dog with him on his trips Operated in total darkness if necessary, the steering-post lock clamps the driving wheels in a straight line by a combination The periscope at the top of the picture, in cooperation with a mirror on the steering- post, tells the chauffeur all he needs to know. The detective owner refuses to tell his method of eyebrow lifting An electric contact point slipped over the driver’s fore- finger is operated from the tonneau. One shock means “Home”; two ‘The office’ An electrically connected stop-watch operates another on the instrument- board. Whén madame stops the watch it reminds the chauffeur of an engagement

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A cut-out pedal connected in the tonneau is a good way to signal one’s chauf- feur. Engine noises mean ~ a lot to any driver, and a code can be easily arranged If your car has overhead valves, the “clicking noise can be eliminated by these spring si- lencers. They take up the play and hold the cam rollers snugly against the cam-shaft By means of a small lamp on the wind- shield, this chauffeur receives his instructions in electric light flashes nr On the banks of the “Big Ditch” there are no automobile roads. By attaching railroad-car wheels to their machine the army officers shown in the picture above were able to make an inspection of the Canal by riding comfortably over the rails Before taking a certain sharp corner in California at high speed, fast drivers are discouraged by this re- markably suggestive sign This huge truck body, twenty feet long and eight feet high, permitsthe truck to carry a full freight-car load of furniture on either long or short runs The base of the crank- shaft holder may be turned into a convenient device for relining Ford brakebands by the addi- tion of the upper curved casting inserted in place of the crank-shaft flange ADDED CASTING ' BRAKE BAND AND LINING f BENCH Help to keep the interior of your car clean by a wire mat which comes ready to attach to the running-board

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ee ee “ Ps oe, a. Si A truck like this will save many a minute and, consequently, many a dollar in a busy factory The A Time-Saving Truck HE ordinary two-, three-, or four- wheeled truck was displaced by the lift-truck invented a few years ago. This is so constructed that it may be pushed under a suitable platform loaded with goods. After the truck is placed in position its platform is raised by a lever or a worm gear until it has lifted the loaded platform off the ground or floor. Then, with its load of goods, it is wheeled to its destination, and its platform is lowered until the supports of the platform rest on the ground. The lift-truck shown in the accom- panying picture is of extremely simple construction. When its platform is in position under the load, the handle of the truck, which is pivoted near its lower end, is used as a lever to raise and pull forward the front end of the plat- form. Diagonally placed links, pivoted to the platform and its frame, lift the rear end of the platform if the front is high price of shoes threatened annihilation to the sliding-pond—but now comes a metal Metal Overshoes for Sliding = bet let me catch you on that sliding pond!” says the mother of today—thinking of the high price of shoes. How can one slide economically? George Bascomb Weldon, of Pittsburgh, - has solved the problem by in- venting a “slider,” to be at- tached to the shoe. It is made in one piece of smooth metal that fits on the sole of the shoe. A small section of the edge is bent up at the toe, and two more at the sides, so that it will remain in place when attached to the shoe. It is attached by heavy cord that is run through five loopholes, criss- crossed, and tied at the ankle. How Old Are You, Egg? HAT is so rare as a rotten egg? Yet not sO many years ago you were constantly breaking into one. Perhaps the reason is that poultrymen now have ways for testing eggs in order to determine their age. Most of these methods must be carried out in a dark room. The instrument shown here eliminates even that necessity. It was invented by Jesse R. Grant, of Kokomo, Ind. First, there is a short, elliptical tube, shaped at one end to fit your face and having at the other end a small opening into which you thrust the small end of the egg. The tube is lined with light- absorbing material, so that when you fit your face to the tube all will be black. Then -you turn on a brilliant electric light just behind the egg, and you will be able to see right through it. Thus sliding overshoe lifted and ‘brought forward. A catch holds the platform in position. An electric light at the other end of the tube shows the condition of the egg you can judge the age and condition of the egg in your hand. There Is Nothing New Under the Sun AKE heart! About sixty years ago prohibition and eight-cent carfares went into effect in New York State; they lasted only a very short time! William A. Darling, grandson of a one-time president of the Third Avenue Railroad, unearthed two mementos of those dark days. One is a medallion that some gleeful “dry”’ —— created in honor of the pro- hibition law. It has on one side a wreath (funeral wreath?) and the words: $ ~ j a MAG KV IL] New Yorkers do not like paying two cents every time they want a street- car transfer. Their grandfathers paid for transfers, too; but they received pewter ones “To commemorate the passage of the prohibitory liquor law.” The other side pictures a blazing sun, an upturned wine-glass, and the daring words, “‘No Repeal.” The law was declared unconstitutional within a year of its passage. The other memento is a three-cent transfer made of pewter and in size and shape resembling a halt E aaher- One side says ‘Yorkville’ and ~ the other shows a picture of the horse-car that carried you there. Once before prohibition invaded New York, and some joyful “dry” cre- ated this medallion in honor of the occasion. At that time prohibition lasted just nine months ski safe rim pie wal cus anc wit] ing thic its | not cow pars floo: of k cut whe The adju atta The the arm, Pivo whic runr moti The its w the s the whe

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muzzle-shaped rubber cup that covers the mouth and nose of the wearer, fitting against the nose, cheek, and chin in such a manner as to be airtight. The double mask is securely fastened to the head by a harness of three straps. The mouth-piece of the mask is connected by a _ hose entering at its lower end with an air-pump, which may be at a considerable distance; or with a reservoir on the back of the wearer which contains air under pressure and a purifying apparatus re- moving the carbon dioxide from the exhaled air and making it fit to be breathed again. An ingenious arrangement of flutter and check valves permits fresh air from the air-tube to enter the mouth and nose- piece, but prevents the un- breathable air surrounding the wearer from reaching the interior of the mask. Airtight contact with the skin of the wearer is safeguarded by the elastic rim of the mouth and nose- piece, which is curled in- wardly, forming a pneumatic cushion between the skin and the mask. Protecting the Fire-Fighters PROTECTIVE mask for the fireman, the miner, or the soldier in the trenches has recently been placed in the market. The mask, of rubber and rubber-coated fabric, consists of a hood covering the entire face, and a “EYE-PIECES NOSE-PIECE ELASTIC STRAPS A new protective mask for firemen and others; in the picture at the left the edge of the elastic rim of the mouth-piece is raised to show the curled edge, a new feature that in- sures airtight contact The Circular Saw that Swings E presses a button, grasps a handle, pulls it back and forward—and the new, simple sawing-machine is in action, cutting off blocks of wood. It will swing from any overhead post or beam and thus takes up very little floor space. It is designed particularly for firms with a large amount of crating or box- ing to do, and will cut lumber up to a thickness of two inches. The saw has its own electric motor, so that you do not have to think of line shafts, counter-shafts, or belts. Since the ap- paratus is hung overhead, the only floor equipment necessary is some sort of bench on which the lumber to be cut may be laid. There is an automatic starter for use when run on direct current. The electric motor may be adjusted on a sliding base attached to a horizontal shaft. The circular saw is carried at __™ the lower end of a swinging ™ arm, the upper end being pivoted to the same shaft on which the motor is mounted. The saw is driven by a belt running from one end of the motor shaft to the saw shaft. | The motor is so placed that its weight overbalances that of the saw, causing it to swing to the rear of the cutting-table when released. Se RATCHET AND SAFETY DOG™’ = @ AUTOMATIC STARTER A motor on the upper shaft, which is belted to the lower’ shaft, turns the circular saw as it swings easily through the wood = NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION 4 SMALL BORE MATCHES CONTEST FOR POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY TROPHY Receiving the prize offered by the Popular Science Monthly to the win- ner in the Small-Bore Tournament He Won the Popular Science Monthly Trophy HE pleased looking young man in the picture aboveis Captain Grosve- nor L. Wotkyns, of the Ordnance De- partment of the Army, in civil life a Pasadena, Cal., rifleman. He is receiv- ing the PoPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Trophy, which he won in the National Rifle Association Small-Bore Tourna- ment at Caldwell, N. J., last August. Colonel William Libbey, president of the Association, is presenting the trophy. Captain Wotkyns scored 392 out of a possible 400 points in the Small- Bore National Individual Match, in which the POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Trophy was first prize. His score means that at 50 and 100 yards, 20 shots per range, Captain Wotkyns averaged 98 out of the possible 100 points for each string of ten shots. In the International Small-Bore Team Match, the United States against England, twenty men per team, with the course of fire the same as that in the Small-Bore National Individual Match, Captain Wotkyns was again high man, with the score of 391. Nei- ther of his scores was equaled during the entire tournament, although the shooters comprised the oldest and most skilled riflemen of the country, including three picked United States Navy riflemen; several United States Marines, many Army sharks, and the best of the civilian military riflemen of the country. The American team, by the way, won from England by 94 points. The POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Trophy, a handsome watch costing $150, was the most sought prize of the large prize list at the small-bore tournament. Captain Wotkyns’ vic- tory was a popular one, inasmuch as he was the builder of the small-bore range and assistant to the officer in charge. ; agreement Sa Rn

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Thespian eae ae 7 rae 3 ms gna ce aR ET LON ME ET 2 TT Ss ge eae wpsn BAILS I it ere ee DE, wie Sg Te See ee ne Skin produces claws, nails, hair, and feathers. The top picture shows a sparrow’s feathers unfolding from the quill; the lower picture shows the tip of a feather Things that Grow Out of an Animal’s Skin HE skin is not merely a covering for animals. It is an essential part of the organism. It produces claws, talons, nails, the rattlesnake’s rattles, spurs, hair, the seales of fishes and reptiles, spines, whalebone, beaks, and feathers. So claims Mr. Beebe in his book on “The Bird.” He tells us that even “The horn of a rhinoceros is only a solid mass of agglutinated hairs, while as the antithesis to this may be mentioned all ss Sumatra’s Giant Arum : ID you ever see a gigantic arum plant? It grows in the East Indies, so the chances are you haven’t. But a per- fect life-sized model of one may be found in an English gar- den. A picture of it is shown herewith, and beside it stands the modeler. His name is H. E. H. Smedley, and he lives near the town of Brighton, England. One may get a good idea of the size of the huge plant from this picture. Mr.Smedley is not a small man, yet the plant towers more than twice as high as its maker. In fact, it is of gigantic size, the stamen ex- tending about fifteen feet up in the air. The strange leaves have many large perforations in them. The plant belongs to the Araceae family and has many near relatives scattered over the earth, notably in the regions bordering the Mediterranean. Great Britain has some diminutive members of the family, the best known being the wake-robin, from the root of which is obtained arrowroot. Mr. Smedley has devoted his life to modeling strange plants, but this is the first one he has built out of doors. In con- sequence he had to procure special weather-proof materials with which to make it. He then painted it in varying shades of purple and green to correspond with its natural coloring. How the Spider Attaches Her Web to Glass HEN a spider moves from place to place to spin her web, she runs a drag line to mark the course. This is composed, not of a multiplicity of tiny threads from the spinnerets, but of a comparatively small number, per- haps only two. If you will watch a spider running along an object and spinning a drag line, you will notice that at frequent intervals she fastens the line. He couldn’t grow this gigan- tic plant in his garden, so he modeled one _ himself down and feathers, from the hummingbird’s fluff to the conda’s pinion.” A close inspection of a new- ly hatched bird shows that the body is covered with micro- scopical tufts of down. These, however, are soon pushed away by the true plumage. The early stages in the growth of a feather suggest little camel’s-hair brushes set in a quill. The feather unfolds as if it were pushed out of the quill or sheath, but in some feathers the unfolding seems to take place next to the bird’s body, while the tips remain in the sheath as the development grad- ually proceeds. The end of each drag line is fastened by an attachment disk, easily seen on glass, as here - Merely to make the end of the drag line adhere would not enable it to exercise its full strength: it is fastened by an attachment disk. This may easily be observed by enclosing a living spider in a bottle, when she will fasten the drag line to glass. The attachment disks may be examined with the help of a lens. Even under a pocket lens, the disk is seen to be composed of a large number of fine threads. The accompanying illustra- tion was made from a large number of these attachments on the inside of the glass door of a bookcase. ee ee ae ee ee ee ee. oe — beam 06 Oe CL

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Snail-Shells Fool the Fish UPPOSE you were a soft, wormlike larva at the bottom of a stream, and a school of hungry fish swimming by spotted you. You’d give up without a struggle, wouldn’t you? Genera- tions and generations of larvae have gone through this harrow- ing experience, but a few wise ones have managed to escape. How? By ingeniously disguising themselves. Take, for example, the larvae of the caddis-fly. Their favorite trick is to deck themselves out in the shells of small snails, though they sometimes resort to leaves, stones, and sand. These various substances are held together by means of silk spun by the larvae. One snail-covered larva is pictured here— three times its natural size. It is a most unappetizing sight, and you can easily imagine yourself, as a fish, turning it down. Aphis-lions, when young and comparatively helpless, camou- flage themselves just as larvae do. They likewise carry around on their backs snail-shells, and also bits of beetles. Police dogs are taught to leap at a gun at the very moment when it is being fired Police Dogs Under Gunfire HEY are sending dogs to college now and graduat- $ ing them with a purchase price of $1,000 and more on their heads. They are trained from puppyhood up to rescue drowning persons, and to track down criminals and meet attack from an armed thug who may carry a knife, revolver, club, orother weapon. When they have finished their training course \ they go to metropolitan police forces. Ordinary dogs do not take kindly to gunfire, but the German shepherd dog will not only advance in the face of pistol fire, but will attack the hand holding the weapon. Before he reaches this stage, however, he must have guns fired near him until he no longer fears them. So well trained are the dogs that at the first flash of a wea- The wormlike larva shown at the left protects itself from hungry fish by wear- ing snail-shells on its back. Above, under- neath a snail-shell and a few dead beetles, is concealed an aphis-lion Let Your Feet Remove Each Other Ss Rubbers ADJUSTING ers pon they will leapat the hand holding it. LOCKING TEETH There are two police-dog colleges AN you balance yourself on one If you don’t like to handle dirty ‘in operation. One is at Scranton, foot while the other one paws rubbers, try this new foot-operated Pa., and the other at West Hemp- the ground? If so, you can use this rubber-remover, worked by levers stead, Long Island. new rubber-remover. It is mounted on a wooden base. Two clamps like those on an ice-skate grip the rub- ber. The clamps are operated by ‘a pedal and a lever worked by your idle foot. The lever is for tightening the clamps. It has two arms and is located at the toe of the device. You push the lever inward and a wedge to which it is attached ‘is pulled upward. This forces the arms that hold the clamps to come to- gether. The clamps grip tight. That is why it is necessary for you to : F know how to paw. | Next you remove your foot from the rubber, and a spring will adjust the clamps to their original position. ; At the rear of the device-is the pedal ' : : that—when moved back and for- j : ward—will increase and decrease the distance between the clamps to Exit the Slipper dae see you in the woodshed after tea.”” Thus spake the fathers of yesterday; and when the time came there was a brief application of switch or slipper. Now all is changed, or about to be, since the recent Electrical j Show at Madison Square Garden in ih New York city. The modern formula * Of punishment will run something like this: “‘I’ll see you at the electric light plug”; and there will follow the “plugging in’’ of the spanker. , Later, when the small boy inves- tigates this new enemy of his tribe, as of course he will, he will find a small motor, which drives a connec- ting rod about four inches long, terminating in an “‘applicator’’ about . suit any sized foot. the size of the average parental palm. | 2 You can readily appreciate that Father will have to get some more | d it requires skilful foot movement for Father goes into action just abaft modern phrase than the ancient “ This 3 anyone to attempt to use this rub- the electric light plug with the as- hurts me more than it does you’’— ber-remover. sistance of this new spanking-machine unless there should be a short circuit. . > Reemccsiiinn:

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i ae etoon Ter acs cee The Squasher—Otherwise the Wasp-Gun LAP! You’ve squashed another mos- quito. Ah, but your hands are smeared with his blood. Would it not be considerably neater to use the wasp-gun shown above? Though it specializes on wasps, it will kill any other insect with equal vim. It is called a gun, but the trigger is the only thing it has in common with an ordinary gun. When you pull the trigger, the jaws at the end of the gun snap shut and squash any insects that happen to be standing on either jaw at the time. Your job is to lure the insects to the trap. Here is a suggestion. If your quarry is a mosquito put the end of one finger in the trap; in time the mosquito will land on it. You withdraw your finger with such great speed that the mosquito will be left behind; if at the same time you pull the trigger your victim will be squashed. The gun should be cleaned at regular intervals, lest it become clogged. Flowers for a Fighting Aviator OS ANGELES is the capital of the kingdom of flowers as well as of movie queens. Any public event there is the excuse for floral decoration, artful and artistic. So it followed, naturally, that when Captain Eddie Rickenbacker, first ace of our fighting airmen in France, came that way, the biggest bouquet yet was handed to him—and he’d been on the receiving end of the bouquet game ever since he got home from the war. This time he found himself all but smothered in a flower-bedecked automo- bile tricked out to resemble an airplane, and in this state he rode through the streets of the welcoming city. Flowering Lamp-Posts URNING the street lamp-posts into things of beauty is the object of the authorities of Allentown, Pa. In that city every lamp-post wears a hanging- garden effect from spring until late autumn. The flowers and decorative leaf-bearing plants are planted in urn-shaped globes which encircle the lamp-posts some distance below the light. The city fathers who thought of and adopted the flowering lamp-post idea made a thorough job of beautifying the town by removing all of the over- head telephone and telegraph wires—at least, in the principal streets. But Allentown can boast of use as well as beauty. It is the county seat of a farming section which ranks as one of the leading potato producers of the country. Exit Corkscrew, Enter Cigar- Cutter NCE upon a time a pocket-knife with a corkscrew attached was looked upon with favor; but what’s the use of a corkscrew now? Probably corkscrew knives will be a drug on the market even in the ketchup and horse- radish belt. But smoking is still num- bered among the permitted delights, and so, as the corkscrew steps down and out of the knife-handle, in comes the cigar-cutter. With the device shown in the accompanying photograph only a slight enlargement of one end of the knife-handle is necessary in order to accommodate a cutter that will snip off the end of a cigar with all the neatness and despatch of the shop cutters. In these days, when, as some one wrote recently, “you can now buy an excellent five-cent cigar for a quarter,” perhaps a cigar-cutter is a greater necessity than in the care-free old days when many of us said: “Bite off the end; let the butt ravel as it may.” The Birth of a Second emteet new second is heralded by a flash of light and the ring of a bell in the factory of an electrical firm in Providence—not to remind the workers that the dire day of doom approaches, but to help them in their work. Often men must count seconds ac- curately for certain operations while they watch their work closely. This concentrating on two things at one time is very difficult. It is simplified by the new second-announcer shown below. As the pendulum of the clock swings to the right it touches a wire, thus making a contact that causes the light to flash and the bell to ring. ea ef = fF -s.../4 a ee ee i a, Bl ae Pens Ben te Bl a ae a ee ll el ell

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~- 8§& j%F SP ON SP SS NY waereew Ww NN BS wm Wwe YFe— ~~ cor Ve -—_ nN we ue Ot . difficult to realize Blend Your Smoke in Twin Cigarettes " OF of the twins was born in Virginia and the other in Turkey. What’s that? We are talking about the twin cigarettes in the picture below. Many smokers like a cigar- ette in which Virginian and Turkish tobacco are blended, but they are seldom satisfied with the quantity of each used. So one wise tobac- conist devised the twin cigarette, one of which is made of Turkish tobacco and the other of Virginia tobacco. Thus the smoker can draw on both at the same time and concentrate his effort on one, blending to suit himself. A Capitalist Plays Santa Claus The Reason She’s Light-Footed N up-to-date jewelry thief does her shoplifting with her feet—not by bra- zenly kicking over a tray of jewels, but gently pushing the jewel she wants from the counter and then step- ping on it with her heel. A layer of soft leather is tacked to her heel and the jewel sinks into it. Off she goes, and later in the privacy of her home (do thieves have homes?) she digs out her prize. Below you see a jewelry thief’s shoe, stocking, petti- coat, and prize ring. Judg- ing from the quality of her clothes, she must do a thriving business. But Will They Wash? HE intrepid photographer who brought in this picture informs us that the woman in the studio hosiery department is a Berlin girl who -has “decided to adopt the fad of New York and London and have her stockings painted on.” We shall have to take his word for it; if this ‘“‘fad”’ has made headway in New York we have overlooked it. We fear, however, that the colors may not be fast, and so we cannot recommend the method to those seeking for a way to reduce the high cost of stockings. He’s Seven Feet Six ERRY Christmas! Judging from their happy smiles, it “ OU’RE too tall,”” said the doctor, when Mr. R. E. Madson certainly is a merry one for the children in the picture tried to enlist in the Marines. Harsh words, but true; below. Each child is laden with a box of animal crackers, a large Mr. Madson measures seven feet six inches with his shoes off. red apple, and a Christmas stocking full of good things. Behind What chance could he stand of dodging bullets, shrapnel bits, the children there are hundreds of similar stockings stacked up and other things that fly around above battlefields? against the wall to be given to hundreds of other children. Who is playing Santa Claus? The firm for which the fathers of these chil- dren work. In or- der to have enough to go round, thir- . teen thousandstock- ings had to be bought and _ filled; twenty-six barrels of apples and twelve thousand packages of animal crackers were also bought. Each stocking was filled with candy, toys, and nuts. Twenty years ago there werehundreds _ of American chil- + dren whom Santa Claus passed by. But today there are sO ‘many organiza- tions playing Santa Claus that almost every child is sure of a merry Christmas, and it isn’t very how much it means to them. He comes from a ranch in Ranger, Texas, and he carries his cow-boy clothes very well, as you will see in the picture here. It was in this get-up that he appeared in Wash- ington to watch the Marines parade. Even though he couldn’t join them, he was at least able to see them parade, since he towered over the heads of the crowd. Had Mr. Madson been a German trying to enlist in the former German army he _ would have been prompt- ly accepted; for the -German Emperors always surrounded themselves with a guard of the tallest Copyright, Press Illustrating Service Frederick the Great started the habit, and all his succes- sors kept it up. Tall men are out of business now. men they could find.

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This machine overcomes the two diffi- culties of eliminating spongy spots and thinner treads at certain points

A New Way to Retread Automobile Tires SIDE from embodying non-heat- conducting blocks, a new re- treading machine consists of a hollow segmental mold with a space for water below and a gas-burner for heating the water and steam-curing the retread rubber, which is first of all built up on the tire itself. After this is done, a sand-bag is placed in- side the tire and the latter placed in the mold. A heavy steel band is then placed upon the sand-bag and the pressure clamps applied. The

Here is the complete tire-retreading machine fitted with the gas- burning apparatus and clamps gas-burner being lighted, the tire is kept in the mold until that segment is cured. Three sizes of molds may be used in the base of this machine. The apparatus may also be furnished without burners, to be connected with the garage steam plant line. It Walks Instead of Rolling OST farm tractors roll on wheels or crawl over the ground on track-laying units like those on the war tanks. The tractor shown here walks! This is made possible by providing sharp-point- ed lugs on the bearing surfaces of the rear wheels, so that the wheel looks something like a rising sun, with the pointed lugs corresponding to the rays. The pointed lugs act on the ground as a gear or cog, and sink down to solid ground, furnishing a positive traction in every soil. These pointed lugs give a positive traction without surplus weight, without loss of power through slippage, and with- out packing the soil. < The complete tractor weighs less than three horses and does the work of eight. It has a short turning radius, made pos- sible by the use of a separate clutch for each rear driving wheel, with no differ- ential. The apparatus is adaptable to a great variety of work, but is uniquely suited to cultivating orchards where it walks in and out among the low-hanging’ trees without difficulty because a part of the rear wheels is always below the sur- face of the ground. NGLAND’S winter climate makes it especially hard to start big truck engines, so it fell to the lot of an Englishman to in- vent a simple cold- weather engine starter. It consists of a conical bottle from the apex of which is sweated a cylindrical tin chamber that

A device that will start a gasoline engine even in zero weather: it isthe clever invention of an Englishman You Can Make an Engine- Starter Like This CONNECTION When not in use it may be carried in your tool-box extends half way down to the bottom of the can. This is filled with gasoline through a small plug very near the top, while the space that surrounds it is filled, just before the engine is started, with boiling water.

This heats the gasoline and causes it to leave the top of the chamber through a special stop- cock in a fine spray which is fed into the in- take manifold of the engine. After the truck engine has been started the valve is closed and the device removed, to be used again next morning. It might be said that this tractor walks instead of rolls over the ground: it is admirably suited for orchard cultivation

tee are the wil inc

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Water Wheels on a-Farm Tractor NE of the newest forms of farm tractors of the creeper or track-laying type. has water wheels. -Of course, the wheels are not made of water, nor does the machine run on water. The expression simply means that the two main idler wheels and the two driving wheels over which the creeper treads operate may be filled with water to within two inches of the top. The purpose of filling the wheels with water is to enable the operator to change the weight of the machine to suit soil conditions. Approximately one thousand pounds of water may be carried in the four wheels, so that the total weight of the tractor may be varied from four to five thousand pounds, according to whether the soil is relatively hard and dry or soft and sticky. The tractor is made in Ohio, and its manufacturer says the water-carrying feature is an economy not enjoyed by any other machine; water is cheaver than sand for ballast and may be more readily obtained. The water is carried without damaging any other parts of the machine by making the hubs a separate part of the WATER-TIGHT PLANITARY BEARING CENTER STEERING GEAR FILLING i MOLES FILLING HOLES ; WATER-WEIGHTED WHEELS The wheels on this tractor may be filled with water to increase its weight. A special arrangement permits it to slip one track and deliver all the power to the other when necessary wheel. The drums are welded to the hubs and to the sprocket teeth, so that the wheel drum is water-tight. The bearings are enclosed in the hubs, so that the water cannot get to them. The volume of water to be put in each wheel depends upon the amount of traction required; but each can be filled to within two inches of the top, since the plug is about one inch in diameter and is one inch from the rim. A Juvenile Bikemobile HE bikemobile herewith is capable of a _ speed of twenty-five miles an hour with the motor wheel attached. Fred Harley, a fifteen-year-old genius, of Joplin, Mo., is responsible for its creation. Harley constructed his tri-car from scraps and raw ends of nearly everything he could lay his hands on. Its frame is that of an old worn-out bicycle. The front was straightened out and attached to the axle of a mail-carrier’s bicycle. To this he attached an old automobile steering wheel. ; The twin seats straddle the bicycle frame ~connecting the rear wheel to the front axle. A hand-brake is access- ible to both passengers, and the steering wheel can be operated from either side of the vehicle. . It lacks a self-starter and must be pushed until the motor wheel’s engine begins to fire. Then the rider jumps on the side seat and away he goes. Not satisfied with owning a motor- wheel, this young man decided to make himself a regular automobile Not speeding, but blocking traffic with his new- fangled contraption; it was in the year 1895 He Impeded the Traffic T is difficult for us to believe that a quarter of a century ago an automobile was a curiosity. Elwood Haynes, of Kokomo, Ind., produced what is said to be America’s first successful automobile. In 1895 Mr. Haynes took his creation to Chicago, and was driving the “‘horseless car- riage”” down Michigan avenue when he was stopped by a policeman on a bicycle. What a transformation two decades have worked! The sight of a horse and buggy on Michigan avenue today would attract attention. Little did that bicycle ‘‘cop”’ (one of whose duties undoubtedly was to see that you did not cross a bridge “faster than a walk’’) realize that in a few years six million motor-cars would be in operation. CRANK-PIN BEARING OR A mechanical (ONflNey, detective that discovers mis- alinement in connecting rods, thus avoiding costly repairs It Explains the Knocks ISALINEMENT of connecting rods is generally due to heat warping the metal of the rod and twisting one end of it, so that the crank- pin and wrist-pin bearings are out of line. The apparatus of the alining-ma- chine shown above consists of a flat bed-plate on which is set a test-plate carrying three sets of lugs. This test- plate may be moved !ongitudinally off the bed-plate by means of a:‘hand-screw. At the other end of the bed-plate is set __up a transverse shaft or pin exactly parallel with the transverse surfaces of the lugs on the movable test-plate. If the bar through the wrist-pin bearing does not contact exactly evenly with the surface of the lug, it indicates that the connecting rod is bent and the crank-pin and wrist-pin bearings are out of line.

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cE oe Copyright, Press Illustrating Service When airplane-builders con- sider even luxuries, who shall say that the day of commercial flying is yet to dawn? Look at these neat little curtains on the win- dows of the Handley-Page aero-bus, which regularly cleaves the air between Paris and London; then look a little harder and see the com- fortable wicker chairs inside American ideas of com- fort in the air are shown in this Eagle airplane, with its upholstered wicker chairs for seven passengers, whipcord lining dome, and windows of. non- breakable glass. It is the first three- motored machine to be produced in this country. Its 450 horsepower drive it at one hundred and seven miles an hour. If used for freight it can carry more than a ton of useful load A veritable giant of the air is the Braemar, of England. Her span of wing is 81 feet and 8 inches. Her four Liberty engines of 410 horsepower each drive her through the air at a speed of one hundred and twenty-five miles an hour. Besides pilots and engineer, the Braemar car- ries some fourteen passengers. Add to this 450 gallons of fuel and 40 gallons of oil for a 500- mile flight and 280 pounds of mail (about 3,000 letters) and you wonder when you will be buying your ticket for a flight to Chicago or New York. In this picture the Braemar is shown with her war fuselage ' Are You Going to Fly? Up-to-date passenger-carrying a Pullman car, speed through the 1 a

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The Air Giants Are Ready airplanes, with all the comforts of air at the rate of 125 miles an hour If you have any doubt about the future of aviation, gaze upon this picture to the right. It is a Vimy-Vickers- Rolls of 67 feet span, a machine equipped with many of the comforts of the Pullman car This is how the Braemar appears with her com- mercial passenger-carrying fuselage. Why not a continuous row of seats and windows? Be- cause the fuel-tanks must be disposed of some- where. The tanks must be carried at the center of gravity, because the fuel varies in weight. The balance of the airplane might easily be upset if a variable load were carried at any other point The Lawson Air-Liner has been living up to its name by flying across country from Milwaukee to Chicago, Cleveland, Toledo, Buffalo, Syracuse, and New York, carrying nine passengers. The machine has a wing span of 95 feet. It covered the distance from Syracuse to New York (313 miles) in 2 hours and 47 minutes, while some of the passengers were playing bridge in the- enclosed cabin. Lawson claims that his machine can catry twenty-six passengers sitting down, and sixty strap-hangers ee cee cars eRe

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Sa as vac tee as a pea e~ aie es SNR cates - 7 * cng tet tc STD 1 6 OPI € et I a IO” LEA EDL -_ —— —— eee pve. II Me ore Go Jaunting in an Electric Running downhill it generates power to help you up the next grade OST recent of the many steps M taken by electrical engineers in making the electrical vehicle cheap and of wholesale general utility, is the automobile that Harry E. Dey, of Jersey City, N. J., has patented. So simple, so efficient, and so eco- nomical is this machine that Dr. Charles P. Steinmetz, of Schenectady, N. Y., one of the country’s leading electrical engineers, said some time agothat Mr. Dey has apparently solved the problem of the five- hundred-dollar electric automobile. This means much to the general public. Consider the following uncommon points. The most important fea- ture of the design hinges on making an electric motor run the wheels of an auto- mobile directly—that is, without the use of inter- By Lloyd E. Darling your mechanical ability, follow the diagrams at the top of page 73. Seldom have a pair of ‘“‘cog-wheels”” been made to work in such an uncommon way. For all of the fact that the design is so unusual, the gears are exceptionally strong and unexpectedly powerful. This vening shift gears, differ- entials, or any other of the usual power-transmitting appliances. Motor on the Rear Axle This is accomplished by mounting the motor on the rear axle of the auto- mobile. In fact, it is a part of the rear axle. The armature of the motor drives one wheel; the field, the other. Arma- ture and field naturally turn in opposite directions, since only in this way can they both revolve at once in one and the same motor. As a result, the armature would ordinarily turn one wheel in one direction, and the field the other wheel in the other direction. Obviously, an automobile could not get anywhere if one rear wheel traveled in one direction and its mate in the opposite way. To get around this objection, Mr. Dey interposes a set of internal gears, one on each side of the motor, as shown in the drawings at right. (The working of these gears is shown in detail at the top of page 73.) Although both sets of gears are alike in appearance, they are quite different in action, since one reverses the motion transmitted to it, while the other does not. Thus, although field and armature move in op- posite directions, both rear wheels go forward—which is the end desired. These gears are among the most compact and in- genious man ever devised. If you pride yourself on Harry E. Dey (at the wheel), Charles P. Steinmetz, and Dr. Steinmetz’s adopted son enjoy a ride in the electric is because the teeth have such broad bases, and so many of them are in con- tact at all times—this as a result of the fact that the inner gear is nearly as large as the outer. As to the motor, it being on the rear axle, all clutches, gear-shifter, and power-shaftings are done away with. In fact,—and this is one of the most note- worthy features about the design,— the customary differential is done away with also. A differential is that con- trivance on an automobile which permits one rear wheel to go faster than the other when the automobile turns a corner. One rear wheel must go faster than the other for the very good reason that the out- side wheel-track, going around the corner, is longer than the inner one. The wheels on a street- car have no differential. Each pair is rigidly af- fixed to the same ARMATURE — axle. Therefore, DRIVEN WHEEL #—-BRAKE DRUM ~ see STATIONARY ; HOUSING Both field and armature revolve, but in opposite directions. The field is in the center. ‘“Gears’’ are shown in detail at the top of the page opposite - when a street-car turns a_ corner, neither wheel of a pair can go faster than the other, and so one of them slides until the corner is passed, causing that screeching noise you have noticed. Automobile wheels would screech also —or break—if there were no differ- ential to come into action at corners. No Need for Differential In the Dey automobile, designed as it is, there is obviously no need for a differential; If a corner is to be negotiated, the arma- ture or the field (depend- ing on which one of the rear wheels is on the out- side track) simply moves a little faster than usual, and the corner is rounded easily and _ noiselessly. Since there is no mechani- cal connection between the armature and the field, it is obvious that either of them can accomplish this faster rotating independently of The motor—showing, through a hole in the cover, the brushes bearing on the disklike commutator—a type adopted to cut down centrifugal force on brushes REVOLVING FIELD COMMUTATOR, COMMUTATOR BRUSHES A { oe eee ewe _ eee

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SHELL STATIONARY Armature Gearing X-- At the right (top row) are shown successive po- sitions of the gears that appear in edgewise view to left of the motor shown at the bottom of page 72. The object of these gears is to reverse motion from the arma- ture, so that the left rear wheel will move in a forward direction. As the armature shaft (whose center is B) re- volves crank-pin A to the left, the inner gear, mounted on crank-pin A, must turn to the right, because the teeth on its edge are in con- tact with those on the **stationary shell,” or outer gear—as a result of the ¥;-inch throw of crank-pin A. The net result is that, though the armature shaft moves to the left, the inner gear moves to the right. It remains only to couple on to the inner gear in some way in order to transfer its motion to the automobile’s rear wheel. This 1s done by a driving shaft, the pronged right-hand end of which fits into the webbing of the inner gear. Its other end is affixed to the outer end of the flexible joint. always describes a cone in its revolving, for the gear to which its right-hand end is affixed always revolves in a circle of 35-inch throw, as described. The shaft is free to describe this cone because of the generous diameter of the housing. Note that the driving shaft bears no weight. The housing does that, ball bearings inter- Though unusual, the power system works uncommonly well throughout wheel-hub through the medium of a vening. the other. Thusis one of the most expen- sive parts of an automobile’s transmis- sion—the differential—done away with. Both Armature and Field Revolve The fact that in the Dey motor both armature and field revolve brings an- other advantage; with both of them revolving at a given speed, they give twice the power that one of them re- volving alone would give. Thus the motor is twice as powerful as any other of its size. This is a material factor in cutting down the size of the bulge in the rear axle necessary to accommodate the motor, resulting in a saving in weight ROTATING SMELL right rear wheel. The driving shaft this is reversed. Light engine under hood may charge bat- teries both when car is in motion and when 00000 it is not. Going uphill, it assists batteries andcost. It isall legitimate gain also, and not at the expense of hill-climbing power, battery strength, or other factors. The car is run by storage batteries. The control is such that when going downhill the motor acts as a generator and returns power to the batteries. This “‘regen- erative” feature is now widely At the left is shown the motor field, outer case; in the center is the arma- ture; at the right, the cover. Notice that the field is but one coil: the core ends bent around form six poles SLIP RING BRUSHES SLIP RINGS transmits power from STATIONARY: HOUSING The driving shaft supports no weight; shaft connects the armature and the left ; wheel practised on electri- fied steam railroads — in this case, Ate al however, returning = wyee. power to the power- house, rather than to batteries. Re- generation has the BRAKE DRUM a) DRIVING SHAFT it merely field to wheel. A _ similar Field Gearing The lower row at the left gives successive posi- tions of the same gears that are shown in edge- wise view at the right of the motor in the drawing at the bottom of this page. The object is to effect a reduction in the gearing corresponding to that secured with, the armature gearing (7 : 1 results in this case; 6 : 1 in that of the armature), though it-is not in this case desired to reverse the motion, since the field is already moving in a forward direction. The inner gear is held in a fixed position by the ROTAUNS axle housing, instead of the outer gear, as was the case with the armature. The outer gear (‘‘rotating shell”) is thrown around in a circle of 74-inch radius by a crank-pin affixed to the field’s shaft. It revolves in the same direction as does the crank-pin, owing to the ingenious peculiarity of this kind of gearing. A pronged driving shaft is affixed to the outer gear, conveying its motion to the Notice that in the upper row of drawings B, the center of the outer gear, is fixed, while A, the center of the inner gear, revolves around it. In the bottom row X, Y, and Zin both sets of drawings are merely reference lines, demonstrating, inthe upper row, that the outer gear stays in the same position throughout; while in the lower the inner gear holds the fixed position. Follow through the changes advantage that brakes are almost un- necessary. The motor, when acting as a generator, takes up so much power that it holds back the car automatically. Naturally, the batteries do not have to be charged so often. Of course, the power coming from down grades can never quite equal that paid out on up grades because of mechanical and elec- trical losses in the machine. But an appreciable saving results. Portable Charging Station Under the hood the machine may carry a light four-cylinder gasoline engine and generator to act as a portable charging station. Charging may be done even while the automobile is running. In fact, a move of the control lever puts both engine set and the batteries in various series and parallel combinations, in order to furnish the motor with extra power for emergencies. Mr. Dey has designed such a charging set. The new automobile is not as yet being manufactured commer- cially, only experimental cars so far having been built. But these hold out much promise. In the opinion of experts, the machine easily qualifies as a regular and consistent competitor of the low- priced, well made gasoline car. Eight or ten years ago electrical engineers first began to talk seri- ously of the low-priced electric. It is an especially desirable ad- vance, for the reason that the batteries may be charged cheaply by electric light plants after mid- night and in the early morning hours, when there isn’t much other load on the generators. Thus both the stations and the automobile user profit. Some day charg- ing stations will probably supplant the gasoline service stations now so common all over the country. Se cr ARLENE PSEA APIO. SEER \

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>a SEP Dg RTE SEIN AU BR EBs so RES sco — ye RRL ALE catia ee osmter To turn this table into a truck, release the lever running diagonally from the right section of the table-top to the ground. Now raise the left section (second picture) until it tops the right section, and slide the sections toward each other until the upper one is directly above the lower one turn into a truck is shown here- with as a table, as a truck, and on its way from one to the other. It is piled high with coats and vests, for it is used in a large clothing manufacturing plant. Thus the necessity of trans- ferring merchandise from tables to trucks is entirely obviated. Take, first, the device when used as a table. You will notice that the two Saar that will conveniently shifting sections are held together in the same plane by a long lever attached to the right section and extending on to the ground. When you wish to move the sections into truck formation you release this lever and the right section slides down to the base of the device, resting there on rollers. The left sec- tion is then raised so that it just clears the top of the right section. Both sec- The result is a truck that fits easily on the elevators goods A Turn Table—It Turns into a Truck in tions are then moved toward each other until the upper one is directly above the lower one. It is now a truck. You will notice on the truck a lever running diagonally across from one section to the other. If you will look back at the first picture of the device—as a table—you will notice that same lever. It keeps the two sections linked together throughout their varied maneuvers. Scraping Old Bricks for Future Use ‘SP EGOB, your fortune is made!” So said Jack Downey, a boss mason, to Mr. N. T. Fuller, of New Bedford, Mass., when he tried out his brick-cleaning machine. In the picture below Mr. Fuller himself is shown holding the brick in place while a saw-toothed blade comes down and scrapes off Help the Blind by Improving His Cane AP, tap, tap; the blind man feels around with his cane. Is he near the curb- stone? He cannot tell until he is quite close to it, for his cane covers but a small area. Private Alexander MeMil- lin, of the A. E, F., saw many of his blinded comrades grop- ing around, and he suggested the mortar; the blade con- tinues to rise and fall until sai the brick is scraped clean. The blade is bolted to an arm, which is bolted to a wheel. On the axle of the wheel is a gear that meshes with a small gear which is attached to an elec- tric motor. Mr. Fuller’s machine scrapes the mortar from used bricks; it cleans nine bricks a minute once The globes are washed once a week, once in two weeks, in three weeks, according to the dirt of the different districts in which they are located Cleaning Up the Bright Lights of the Great White Way VERY week or two a wagon draws up in front of an Indianapolis lamp-post, and two men jump out, carrying a ladder. place the ladder against the post, and one man climbs up, takes off the globe, and hands it to the other man. He carries it back to the wagon, where a third man is stationed in front of a wash-tub in the wagon; .the globe is duly washed _and replaced. Meantime the “man on the ladder cleans the lamp and oils the screw. The wash-tubs are really not tubs at all, but milk-cans. They are filled several times each day with boiling water that is charged with a strong cleansing powder. They a remedy: he would lengthen the cane about eight inches, and attach to the end a srrall rubber-tired wheel that will turn in any direction. Thus the blind man will have a cane that will cov- er a much greater area, and will ride over bumps and cracks, guiding its owner over the ground. A long cane with a small rubber-tired wheel on the end will guide the blind man -— 2) 2 te ae ee eee cee Se de

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Lifting Eighty Tons UMP, bump! One of the wheels of the passenger coach had worn flat. As a matter of fact, both trucks needed repair. To tackle the job properly the body of the coach had to be removed. How was it done? By means of jacks. The coach was run along the track until the truck at one end was directly in front of a stationary pair of jacks; then two movable jacks were placed in line with the truck at the opposite end of the coach. The four jacks were adjusted by hand levers until project- ing brackets rested just below the body of the car. Then the body and truck were disconnected and an electric motor started. Slowly the body rose into the air. Magic? No; revolving shafts set in motion by the motor. These shafts are located on each side of the tracks and they run through the bases of the four jacks. Eighty tons may be lifted. For raising coach bodies from trucks, four jacks—two movable and two stationary—are used; through them run two shafts having worms that connect with worm gears in the jacks; an electric motor starts things moving. As the shafts revolve, brackets on the jacks that support the body rise up and take the body with them By changing the lining from silk to fur this coat may be used both sum- mer and winter. The fur may be ripped out and silk substituted for it. We are not certain as to the object of this strange practice. The overcoat was made in Germany Restoring Action to Stiff Ankles NKLES that have become stiff from sprains, fractures, Daily exercise by means of this appa- ratus will in most cases restore the mobility and normal functions of ankle joints stiffened by injury or disease or as the result of rheumatism or gout, may be limbered up and restored to mobility by properly regulated exercise. The simple appa- ratus shown in the picture was in- vented by a German early in the war, and was used with success by thousands of soldiers. The apparatus has a foot-plate to which the foot of the patient is strapped. To an extension of the toe end is hinged a rod having at its free end a handle- bar. The foot-plate is supported at a point underneath, about three inches from the back of the heel, by a short post ending in a ball which fits in a socket of the base that rests on the floor. By means of the guiding rod the foot- plate, with the foot securely strapped to it, may be given any rocking or rotary motion that may be necessary to re- store the functions of the stiffened muscles and tendons. When the ankle is sufficiently strengthened and limbered up, the movements may be made with- out the’ assistance of the guiding rod. It’s from Germany VERY cloud has a silver lining, but this uniformity does not hold true for overcoats. In fact, some overcoats have several different linings—one for each season of the year. Such an over- coat is shown herewith, lined with silk for summer wear in one picture, and lined with fur in the other. It was made in Germany. And what is its object? Surely not economy; for one coat worn summer and winter will wear out in half the time that two coats, work- ing in shifts, would do. No ashes or sparks: will fall on your clothes if you will encase your cigar in this metal protector For Cigar Ashes ““¥ WAS sitting in a smoking-car, puff- ing a cigar, when a quantity of ashes fell down and soiled my shirt- front; a spark burned a hole in my coat,” Mr. B. W. Dedrick, of State Col- - lege, Pennsylvania, tells us. There is nothing unusual about that; you have had the same experience many times. But did you promptly invent a cigar protector to prevent it happening again? That is what Mr. Dedrick did. The protector is made of metal shaped like the cigar it covers. The end is perforated to admit the necessary air. It is held lightly in place by clamps. The ashes drop into the cylinder and remain there until removed- ve ey aN EE A LES NS

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ms flight? patie ad Pee a GPR ST ANN a Ba ACROSS ear r CL a ROC MAE NL Sa sence eyes ees. . British airplane j here some of the instru- FIRST ELECTRIC ‘SWITCH-BOK FOR HEATING, LIGHTING, CLAXON HORN, AND WIRELESS FOR FRO! PORT ENGINE \ [ HEIGHT INDICATOR METER SMALL ELECTRIC GRADED FROM ZERO PORT NELM, BuLB / / TO 2800 METERS The instruments for guid- ing the pilot are central- ized on the dashboard. The pilot is strapped into front port —-REVOLUTION COUNTER NT his seat within easy ral g reach of the instruments T PILOT In the dashboard of a shown ments are duplicated; this \ is because the machine BANK INDICATOR “TWO SWITCHES ENGINE accommodates two pilots aia -An Airplane’s Nerve Center By Carl Dienstbach HAT must the pilot know about his airplane during He must know the direction and velocity of the wind, the altitude, direction and speed of his flight, the position relatively to the horizon of the airplane in space, the cylinder pressure and performance of the engine or engines, the quantity of fuel in the tank, and the temperature of the cooling water. The pilot must ascertain at a glance what is necessary for him to know, and instantly control the engine, ailerons, and rudder. Since he is strapped to his seat, means of obtaining this information and of controlling the airplane must be centralized within reach of his eyes, hands, and feet. In all modern airplanes the various instruments and indi- cators, as well as the controlling switches, are located on the dashboard. A typical example of the modern airplane dash- board is shown in the accompanying picture. It represents the dashboard of one of the large British seaplanes with four separate engines. Some of the instruments are duplicated, because these machines are intended for two pilots sitting side by side and alternating in the control of the flight. In the middle of the dashboard is the altitude indicator, | reading to 2,800 meters (about 8,500 feet), the greatest height attainable by this type of machine. In front of each pilot is an air-speed dial, which indicates the speed with which the supporting air current strikes the controlling surfaces of the airplane. For each of the four engines there is a separate SSR a ee oe _ water. Near the lower edge of the dashboard, between the two pilots, is the position indicator. Among the control switches on the dashboard are those for lighting the various dials and instruments, for electrical light and sound signals, for navigation lights, and for turning on and off the current in the electrically heated garments of the _ pilots when they are exposed to the intense cold of high alti- ‘ tudes. There is also a clock, a two-button switch for the ' landing lights near the altimeter, and two switches for the ' radio apparatus. SE TE ROS Re ee To COOLING WAT \ THERMOMETER REVOLUTION COUNTER FOR \ FRONT STARBOARD \ ENGINE \ SECOND ELECTRIC SWITCH-BOX FOR LIGHTING OF INSTRUMENTS dial indicating. the number. of revolutions .to.2,200 a minute, ; and another. dial. showing the. temperature of the cooling ; Suck the Dirt Out of Your Hair NSTEAD of cleaning your comb, let the comb clean you —that is, your hair. Antonio di Salvio, of Washington, Pa., invented the hair-cleaning comb shown below. The comb is hollow, and has perforations above the teeth through which the dirt in your hair is sucked. A motor- driven fan causes the suction, after the fashion of the vacuum cleaner. And the dirt is likewise deposited in a receptacle within, after it passes through a tube. Steady vacuum-cleaning may be sufficient treatment for dirty rugs, but it is not enough for hair. Realizing this, Mr. Salvio attached to his cleaning comb invention a hair-drier of yd the ordinary barber-shop §air- ‘ blast variety. Thus his “hair-cleaning de- vice’’ furnishes in one instrument both wet and dry cleaning. ? SUCTION COMB AIR SPEED DIA ER This comb sucks up the dirt through per- forations in the comb’s hollow top; a drier for wet cleaning is also attached The Bolt Turns Out the Light “| LEASE turn out the lights when you leave the room’’ —the walls of hotels are plastered with signs like this. But since many folks are careless about other people’s elec- tric light bills, the plea is frequently ignored. How can this be remedied? By giving the lock on the door power to turn out the lights. This sounds like a diffi- cult feat, but a simple device for so doing has been invented. As the key is turned in the lock outside of the door, the bolt shoots out into its place in the door- jamb and forces back a switch button located there. Out go the lights; for wires connect the button in the door-jamb with the regular switch button on the wall of the room. When.the guest returns and un- lights flash up again. Since the switch button in hotel rooms is usually located near the door, very little wiring is neces- sary to install this Should you fail to turn off the lights when you go out, the door-bolt will do it for you switch, automatic door-bolt _ . ~ locks his door, the | a. ee ee ee ee ee fo) “dt ero pds Ss ff St \\ if

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She must use both hands when she operates this die; in this way they are kept out of mischief This iron fence comes in sections that may be fitted in movable posts; thus a fence can be built quickly around danger- ~ ous machinery when women work near by —, am canes ea erree Jie ee ieinio Guarding the Woman Machine HE ambulance clanged through the streets and drove in at the entrance of a large machine-shop; an- other workman had been caught in a machine. Not so many years ago this was happening every day. Then em- ployers began to build guards around the dangerous parts of machines. Before the war, careless machine-shop accidents had nearly disappeared. And then came the women machine operators, with their loose skirts, sleeves, A Spool of Blotter for the Fountain-Pen . HILE riding on a trolley car, I was sitting opposite a sales- man who was writing with a fountain- pen; when he finished the sheet he waved it in the air till it had dried. This gave me an idea, and I worked out a revolving blotter to be made with the fountain-pen clip, all in one.” This is what Mr. Jacob Goldstein wrote us when we asked him how he came to in- vent his combination fountain-pen clip. The blotter is wound around a spool that fits inside the end of the clip. On the outside is a small eraser. The clip, which holds the pen in your pocket, may carry your name. ‘ and hair. Additional guards had to be built around the machines in many of the shops. Some of these guards are shown above. Take, first, the cast-iron fence, which can be moved from place to place. It is made in sections of various sizes having four small pro- jections that fit into corresponding holes in the square iron supporting posts. The swinging die is another safety device. In order to take a piece of work from the die and substitute a new piece y A blotter and an eraser have been added to the. ordinary fountain-pen clip, thus enabling you to use your fountain-pen while traveling ) It consists of three parts, the base, the clamping plug, and the screw-cap. The picture on the right shows the new in- sulator with the wire in place and properly fastened vided for it. OO io All the movable parts of this drill- press wear armor-plate; this in- cludes spindle, belts, and pulleys Operator in its place, the die must be swung out of the way of the punch. And now for the drill-press. Sheet- metal guards much like breastplates are placed over spindles, belts, and pulleys—the revolving parts of the press. Thus there is no chance of hair or loose clothing getting caught in the — machine. : Statistics show that ninety per cent of industrial accidents result from preventable causes. Fasten the Wire by Screwing Down the Lid ELEPHONE and telegraph wires must be insulated to prevent loss of electric current. The in- sulators in common use are of glass, porcelain, or some other non-conductor. The wires are fastened to these insulators by tying them to the non-con- ducting knobs with loops of wire. The British Post Office Department has adopted a new kind of insulator, which is in many respects superior to the insulators formerly in-use. It consists of a cylindrical base of a non-conducting composition, with a split head which has an outside thread fitting the inside thread of the screw-cap by which the base is topped. The wire is placed in the slot of the insulator, and a molded block of the same material as the base of the insulator top is fitted into the slot and the top screwed down. It bears against the clamping block and, as it is screwed down, presses it with great force against the wire resting in the groove pro- The {grip is so firm that it is impossible to release the wire by pulling without breaking it. sett ee DENT 5 sce et EE

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POP AA GOEL A RIND I eee Sl RCT att : cs og A Wate ee ep The electric water-heater gives a small quantity of boiling water in a few sec- onds. The apparatus is fastened to the wall and occupies but little space A new-style vacuum cleaner has neatly con- cealed in its handle a small oil receptacle, al- ways ready for use by simply and easily un- screwing the handle-cap When you finish sweep- ing, invert the broom and catch the dirt in the dust-pan at- tached to the and sickroom comes this combination tray and towel- rack. Inoperations the tray serves as a support for sur- gical instruments, while the rack holds the bandages This double-decker tea-tray facilitates the serving of sev- eral guests at a time For the hospital The combination wire dish-cloth and pot-scraper loosens the closely clinging mass at the bot- tom of the pan, while the wire rings tear loose every little particle Here is the latest in mar- ket baskets. The cane in the center of the basket allows the load to rest while the shopper greets her friend on the avenue This glass tooth-brush holder has all the ad- vantages, without the dis- advantages, of the ordi- nary tooth-brush holder. The glass acting as a shield keeps cut the dirt ee A new porcelain cutting dish has a removable board at one end for -slicing: meat, bread, or cake frames. A new device for- lightening the task of cleaning carpets or rugs consists of two upright adjustable The rugs are spread apart to give air space For squeezing out fruit, vege- table, and other juices comes this brand-new kitchen utensil

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Intended for light pro- duction and tool work, the device is adjustable to any angle up to ninety degrees right or left. The spring gives a smooth cut Several devices that help speed up production The full flexibility of this coupling permits a shafting to be carried anywhere. Contractors can run it around corners or over walls; it will carry power around a break while repairs are being made A wrench that will ap- peal to the automobile mechanic because it takes on any angle by the mere pressing of a button in its handle How magnetos are tested. The cam to be tested is slipped over a shaft rotating on a breaker mechanism and having the large disk secured to its rear . It cuts clean round This machine, which has a 5 “’ holes in steel, slate, capacity up to % inch in . q ys or fiber, and may steel, will drill a hole through be used in any po- any machine steel at the rate ; ‘ / tal 7. sition, on the floor of 114 inches a minute with- a —gammammame apt. : = or overhead and out overloading the motor 5 ; on the work-bench By swinging the arm and moving the base to new positions, a wide working area may be covered by this radical type of motor- driven traveling screw driving-machine A gage for testing the bore of automotive Noylinders. To ac- “ commodate it to va- rious cylinders, ad- ditional plugs, etc., may be added outside of the fluid-chamber Because of its quick positive action and ex- tremely light weight, as well as for the char- acter of work it does, this new speed punch is very economical in cutting metal

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SrA os ae commecserers . , , ’ te eSB ARINC ot SF CURT ERSTE! REDE OT SLPS LE mom Et SEA sj Rane Hitting the World’s How I planned and worked for the altitude record and how I felt when I really made it By Roland Rohlfs OLAND ROHLFS, who feet, made in France last May. It is interesting to contrast the greatest height to which. men have ascended above sea-level with the depths to which they have descended In raising the submarine F4 off Honolulu several years ago, United States Navy divers went down 300 feet, the greatest depth which men have dared. Rohlfs went more than six miles up in the air. below it. back. on the number of high flights I made and the thrilling experiences I passed through, I wonder how I ever got up courage to go on after my first real taste of the danger. It was on one of my first flights that, on reaching 26,000 feet, I experienced a dull headache. I thought it was caused by the noise and excitement; but when, a few minutes later, things began to blur and a wave of dizziness swept through me, I realized that I had gone too far with a faulty oxygen apparatus. The next I knew, I awoke from uncon- sciousness to find the machine plunging downward at a terrific rate. frightened; for the machine had gained such headway, I was afraid that, in leveling off, some part of the structure might collapse and put a sudden end to my altitude flying. It was a great relief to me to be able to pull the ma- chine out of its first predicament. To my surprise, I found, on consult- ing my aneroid, that I had dropped 10,- 000 feet in a state of coma; and at that moment I decided that, if I were to break altitude records, there were three things I would have’ to concentrate on: (1) machine perfection; (2) equipment perfection; (3) personal fitness. First, I had my oxygen apparatus tested, and found it had been under- measuring, so I set about learning all I could of this important item. After taking..one. apart and. learning. its.de- tails, I felt better. I next turned to my machine, and began to make the changes that I had found necessary even on this first attempt. And, between this flight and my next, I underwent a vigorous set of exercises, including a six-mile walk each day. I made eight flights, all above 26,000 feet,.four of which were above 30,000 feet, and numerous smaller jumps to bring all the details to the point where No that it is all over, and I look writes for the POPULAR SCIENCE , MONTHLY the story of his great altitude flight, is not only ‘‘the man higher up’’: he is the man highest up. On September_18 last he pushed his 400-horsepower biplane to 34,500 feet — the world’s ceiling. Rohlfs, who is a son of Anna Katharine Green, the novelist, is twenty- seven years old. He has been in the flying game for three. years and is now a test pilot for the Curtiss Airplane Company. .He,is married and Mrs. Rohlfs takes great interest in her husband’s sky-high activities. The most noted altitude records that Rohlfs outdid are those made by _ Major Rudolph Schroeder, U. S. A. — 28,900 feet, made on Septem- ber 18, 1918, in a Bristol biplane — and Adjutant Casale — 33,137 I was I could count on favorable results beforehand. Problems were encounter- ed in the motor operation, due to the extreme tem- perature and rare air con- ditions. Large funnels had to be made to reach out and collect as much as possible of the light air and force it into the carburetors. Far smaller gasoline jets had to be used than for normal flying, and more spark advance supplied than usual. Great care had to be exercised to be sure no leaks developed, and the oil and gaso- line consumption: was caleulated after each flight. On the final run I was to have only enough fuel to carry the machine to its absolute ceiling* and return it to the point where the circulating water would not freéze if the motor stopped. When the Clouds Turn Over After several attempts I succeeded in working up to about 30,000 feet. Here I began to get new sensations. In one of my flights I was attacked with a severe yawning spell, which was so per- sistent that I was forced to descend. I reached the point where I expected certain results both. during a flight and after it, and I began to form a set of rules. In’ flying-very high I turned on oxygen sooner than for short flights, in order to get accustomed to it. I made +_Many.-other, -adaptations,..as, my. trial . flights suggested.‘ “At first F had to carry’ two oxygen-bottles to have enough gas for a full flight. These bottles weigh about thirty pounds. Naturally, it was to my advantage to carry only one. While trying to use less oxygen I gained a world of knowledge as to its use, at the same time discovering the danger of not using enough. Should the supply run low, the avia- *The highest point to which my machine could attain. Ceiling Roland Rohlfs displaying the latest thing in fashions for the man higher up. In making his record climb of 34,500 feet Rohlfs wore a suit, or rather several suits one over the other, to keep out the intense cold, a special pair of half-inch thick felt gloves of his own design, and a helmet planned not only to protect his face, but to administer the oxygen without which an aviator at 34,500 feet would die like a fish out of water tor, if he does not recognize the symp- toms, may easily become unconscious. He is first of all attacked by a dull head- ache; then the surrounding sky appears to grow dark; if the sun is in sight it seems to be behind a mist. Gradually these symptoms grow more acute until he reaches the stage where the clouds appear to turn over. At that point, if he does not turn on more of the life-giving gas, he will become unconscious. Could I Break a Record ? I soon began to gain confidence as to my chances of breaking a record. I was nearly satisfied with my clothing and instruments, and the motor was show- -ing? ‘improvement every time I went: bee ‘ while I was just able'to héld my own’ in physical . fitness. I had selected my — clothing as follows (everything being © put on over my regular clothes): 3 pairs heavy hunting socks. 1 pair heavy wool-lined knee-boots. 2 wool sweaters. 1 pair wool trousers. 1 complete teddy bear, wind-proof, fur- lined one-piece suit. 1 wool-lined chamois helmet. oo

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al e 1, 1e 0 er mp- ious. ead- — ears ht it ually until ouds if he iving as to I was ; and show- wn'in ~ 1 my being — f, fur- 1 fur-lined leather helmet. 1 goggle face-mask. : 1 oxygen nose- and mouth-piece. = 1 pair combination finger-mitt aviation gloves, used with 1 pair half-inch thick felt gauntlet mitt gloves. A High Climb So, with everything as I wanted it, I started, July 24, 1919, on a high climb. In one hour and fifteen minutes I found myself at 29,000 feet. I realized that I was climb- ing too slowly for the fuel I car- ried, but I was spurred on by the fact that I had passed the official world record mark, and so con in- ued to collect data. The earth was hardly visible; all I knew was that I was above land, and I hoped it was Long Island. I finished the rest of my climb in twenty- eight minutes, and reached 31,000 feet. My head began to feel big and I was growing cold. I nosed over and began my descent. I was greatly surprised to find that I was east of Montauk Point, over the ocean, though I had been headed west. Sostrong had been the wind at that height that I had been continually forced backward. My motor stopped from lack of fuel, as I had anticipated, so I was forced to land fifteen miles east of the home field to get oil and gas- oline. While waiting for supplies, I went over in my mind the points I had learned. First, I decided it was very easy to get lost, and with the ocean so close it was a dangerous thing to play with. I felt sure that the ideal way to make a high climb would be to get up to the top as quickly as possible, and stay there as short a time as possible; for on taking off my clothes I discovered the veins in my arms to be swollen. My heart, too, was beating more strongly than usual. I began to wonder whether the game was worth the candle. But on looking at the barograph I grew very excited; for, at the moment of stopping, the machine had still been climbing well. I had not reached the ceiling. Yet on this flight I had gone ’ beyond the world’s official record of 28,900 feet. On July 31 I again tested my chances of hanging up an official record. All the necessary men were on hand to wit- ness this attempt. Little did I realize what I would have to go through. The trouble began on the ground, for the motor would not start well. But I thought that, once up and away, the Ready for the start. The helmet, pro- vided with oxygen nose- and mouth- pieces, give him the appearance of a deep-sea diver, and Rohlfs in making a world altitude record found it as danger- ous to come down too rapidly as a diver does to come up out of the water too fast motor would settle down and do its duty, and away I went. Motor Trouble On reaching 22,000 feet my trouble again began. The motor was fully two hundred revolutions under what it should do. This was caused by a new type of high test gasoline I was using and by the fact that the water in the radiator was cold. I tried to reach for- ward and cut one of the pressure water- hose connections, hoping that by letting out a quantity of water the remaining amount would reach a higher tempera- ture. I had to take off my safety belt to reach this pipe, and, with the machine High-flight records rest on the testimony of the barograph. This typical record portrays graphically one of Rohlfs’ test flights, in which he reached an altitude of 34,200 feet. The curve shows the progress of the machine; first a steep climb to 6,000 feet, and then a “flattening out” to the top of the climb. The first column of figures on the left indicates barometric pressure and the second column the measurement in feet pitching around, I could not accom- plish my purpose. I mounted higher, but only to find the motor getting still colder. I took my cushion from beneath me and ripped it open with my knife. Removing the hair padding, I tried to wedge it in between the tubes of the radiator to blank off some of the cold air rushing through. But again I was unsuccessful; the wind tore the padding away as fast as I put it in. By this time I was so tired that I could hardly decide what to do, when to my disgust the motor began to miss, and I noticed the gasoline pressure had fallen. Al- _most instinctively I began to pump gasoline by hand and so kept the motor going. Occasion- ally the motor-driven gasoline pump would do its work and re- lieve me. Suddenly I found myself being blown out to sea. I shut off the throttle and started down. I came down altogether too fast, and as a result was laid up for two weeks. I Had Struck It at Last I had reached only 30,700 feet, not so high as I had been before. But what I had lost in distance I had gained in experience, for I now saw how I could,increase my climb many thousands of feet. In my sick-room I went over the points gained. After improving many details, I again, on September 5, took to the air for a short test. I had struck it at last —a combination of details that worked. So terrific was the machine’s climb that I reached 26,000 feet in twenty-six minutes — better than I had ever done before. But my teeth ached badly and I grew very weary under the quick change. I was elated over this climb, although it was only a thirty-minute one. I stud- ied the charts for a long time to deter- mine whether I could afford to call the officials. The triplane machine reaches its ceiling at an abrupt angle and will go no farther, and this decided me to make one more test flight. On September 13 I made ready for a real climb. It seemed only a few min- utes before the earth became indistinct. Soon I reached the 32,000 mark. Then a sense of loneliness swept over me, and I suddenly realized that I had never been up so high be- fore. Out of the mist to my left a small balloon drifted by. I was startled at first by the sight of it, when I thought I was all alone; but I immediately recognized it as one of the observation balloons daily sent up from Hazelhurst Field to test air conditions. Above 32,000 feet climbing became difficult. My head ached and so did my stomach. While I was writing data, the machine got over into a bank, and in trying to bring it back I discovered that my ailerons would

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» ae vi i -. prepa meen age ae = * ADDR = me rrememer rune cman as FEES manaemen i SS A AD not move. The machine had been washed several hours before the flight, and no doubt some of the water had frozen in the hinges. I tried to keep up my data, but had to stop The “‘Temperature Lid” The cold was intense, reaching 44° below zero F. at 34,000 feet, while at 34,200 it grew four degrees warmer, or 40° below zero. This is extremely in- teresting, for it is believed that above a certain height the temperature stops get- ting colder and begins to get warmer. This changing point is called by scientists the ‘temperature lid.” Soon I reached the limit — and none too quickly, for I had been running un- der a cut supply of oxygen. Remem- bering my past experiences, I descend- ed very slowly, and I am sure this alone had a great deal to do with my being able to tackle my last and highest climb five days later. Knowing that I could beat all records, and that one more at- tempt and [ would be through with work of this nature, made me happy. I began to make final preparations. I went over the entire machine to see where I could save weight. I removed the fire-fighting apparatus, floor-boards and braces, oil thermometers, and other instruments I could do without. I de- cided to carry nine gallons less of gaso- line and one gallon less of oil, and so on, until I had lightened the machine by ninety-five pounds. As for the oxygen supply, I found the machine now climbed so fast that I had oxygen to spare even with only one tank. I Call My Witnesses On September 18 I called the judges to witness my last attempt. Every- thing was ready early in the day, and each mechanic knew just what to do. After setting and sealing the two baro- graphs, I dressed with the utmost care. I had determined to take only the data necessary to make the record official; t’*s consisted of two temperatures at every 2,000 feet — one of the outside air and one of the air close to the baro- graphs. It is by the temperature of the barographs that the final results are computed. All in readiness, I climbed aboard. Without the slightest delay, I took to the air and climbed rapidly toward the east. To hear the motor, one would think it knew this was to be its big chance. The _ revolution- counter showed it to be turning twenty-five more revolutions to the minute than ever before. Determined to win, I used every trick I knew to shorten my time and heighten my climb. The day was perfect, the visibility one hundred per cent. The earth seemed to stand out in living colors. Soon I reached the 31,000-foot level, and here I experienced the only ex- citing incident of the flight. Since I had removed most of my instruments to save weight, I had to rely on instinct to tell whether I was fly- ing correctly. I had just finished writ- ing my temperature at 31,000 when, on looking up, I found that the machine was slipping sidewise to the right. With my controls I corrected it, but then, to my astonishment, I started to slip to the other side; and after correcting that I proceeded to fall again to the right. I was angry as well as puzzled, for I had lost six hundred feet in the series of slips and dives; and since I had counted on seventy-five minutes for my climb I was afraid the gasoline would give out. I supposed that while writing the machine had started climbing too steeply, had slowed down to the point where it was about to stall, and since it did not have enough forward speed to climb the grade it had assumed, started slipping first to one side and then to the other. Would the Gasoline Hold Out? I changed my angle, and the machine straightened itself out and started once again to climb toward the heavens. From here on nothing of importance happened, except that I discovered the wind was blowing very hard in the op- posite direction from what.it had been on leaving the ground. I proceeded to change my course, heading due west. I was now about over the center of Long Island at 33,000 feet, and I had only a few minutes more to climb. My only worry was as to whether the gasoline would last, since I had lost six hundred feet. The temperature was intense, reaching 43° below zero; but I had no time in those last few minutes to think about the cold. I passed the 33,136-foot mark, and was still climbing. No time for lone- someness now. I usedeverything I knew to hasten the climb, and in seventy- five minutes I reached 34,400 feet, or higher than my previous record. Should I go down? Surely the gasoline must be very low, and I needed enough to run the motor through the freezing air in descending till I reached the warmer levels to prevent it from freez- ing solid and ruining that wonderful an te motor. I decided to go three minuteg more and then descend. As I reached my peak I glanced at my instruments, and, to my delight, they read 34,500 feet, and also showed I had reached my ceiling. After writ- ing the two temperatures I began my descent, coming down in thirty-five minutes. I had suceeded, and the earth, as it came into view, looked very beautiful to me. I could just make out my land- marks, and there in the distance was the field I had started from. The pressure of air on my body made me very un- comfortable, and my head seemed to fill with it; but by swallowing continuously I fought against the sensation and kept my head clear. No One Knew But Me! There they were, the spectators who were awaiting my return. I smiled to think of what they did not know and were waiting to hear. No one knew but me! For the minute I was master of all I knew. But it was with a great deal of satisfaction that I told them of my success. Since my starting-place had an ini- tial height above sea-level of 110 feet, this was added to my indicated height on the barograph of 34,500, making the total 34,610 feet. This ends my altitude experiences, for which I am duly thankful. A great deal of valuable data was collected; but the most interesting, from the point of view of tne public, no doubt is the pos- sibility of constructing machines to fly at high altitudes so as to use the high- velocity winds of the upper level. By riding these winds in the right direc- tion tremendous speeds can be obtained, and the value to transportation can be imagined when it is realized that one could easily travel from America to Europe in twelve hours. In this Wasp triplane, equipped with a 400-horsepower motor, Roland Rohlfs on September 18 last soared to 34,500 fe t—higher above the earth than man ever went before same Rig cian ae

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wed vrit- five is it ‘iful ind- the sure un- ) fill usly rept Heaving the Log in the Air Airships borrow a device from their sea sisters to help them find the way ful attempts to cross the At- lantic by airplane have taught som? highly important practical les- son; and have contributed to science extremely valu- able information. They have taught, among other things, that fog, combined with thick weather and rain, makes the usual method of land flying at an altitude of from 4,000 to 5,000 feet impracticable for crossing the ocean. The pi- lot must either go very high, so as to be able to guide himself by the stars or the sun, or he must fly near enough to the surface of the water to see clearly how his machine is moving with ref- erence to that surface. Observations made at high elevations and from a fast- moving airplane are liable to be inaccurate because they are based upon an artifi- cial horizon. The use of such a makeshift is neces- sary in view of the fact that at a high level the true hori- zon line becomes faulty. The Vimy-Vickers flight has shown that a fair measure of ac- curacy may be ob- WARE tained by keeping a é close watch on the sur- face of the water at short rang2. Ireland may well be reached that way, but it is doubtful if some small island in mid-ocean could be found in a similar manner. The question sug- gests itself: Why may not dead reckoning be made mathematically accurate by logging the water from an air- plane just as it is done from the taffrail of a sea-going ship? There seem to be no mechanical difficulties in the way of using an appropriately shaped “patent log’ to great advan’age in trans- oceanic flights. The patent log, of which there are several types, consists. of the log proper —a metallic rod with spirally arranged fins, which cause the log to rotate when it is dragged through the water at the end of a line. This line, ’1sually between 400 and 600 feet in Tic recent more or less success- FOSITION OF wine’ WIRE IN ACTION Nau-~ — SLOTIN BOAT HULL = WATER: TIGHT DOOR. Rs opens in the water and acts as an anchor for the fine steel wire which is unwound from the reel as the seaplane skims By Carl Dienstbach length, consists of a specially woven rope which transmits the rotations of the log to a flywheel connected with a revolution-counter. This is so cali- GUIDE With his hand on the trigger of the vertical gun, the aviator is about to fire the parachute-like sea anchor into the water, to determine the speed and drift of the seaplane brated that its dial indicates the forward motion of the ship in tenths of a mile upon its dial. Of course, the number of turns of the log neces- sary to make one tenth of a mile is de- termined in advance by practical tests. By means of the patent log the naviga- tor of a low-flying air- plane determines not only his speed but also his direction of flight. The speed in- dicated by the log, as it is dragged through the water, coincides with the speed of the air- plane; it can be read off from the dial of the rotation-counter. The direc- tion in which it “taxis” behind shows precisely in which direction the airplane, under the combined influence of its own speed and the side drift due to the wind, moves over the surface. Any serious error is scarcely pos- sible. It would be comparatively easy to devise an instrument that would register graphically on a chart like a barograph, the direction and speed of the flight. It would thus become an automatic navigator. The chart would be a map of the ocean and upon it the needle of the instrument would trace the path of the flight. The greater the speed of the airplane, the greater the difficulty of keeping the log propeller in the water, the longer must be the rope by which it is dragged. The pull of a long line dragged through the water would cause a diminution of the speed of the airplane, and this is undesirable in a long flight in which every minute and every mile counts. Extremely fast airplanes might use an adaptation of the old system of taking the log which was in use before the patent logs were in- vented. The old-style log consisted of a wooden quad- rant, weighted at the periph- ery to keep it in a vertical position and retard its move- ment through the water. This log was fastened to a long line of a known length, marked at intervals of 47 feet 3 inches. The line was wound upon a light running reel. When the log was to be taken, the wooden log chip was heaved overboard, and, by means of a sand-glass timed for 28 seconds, the length of the line was measured which had to be paiti’ out from the reel in that interval. This gave the distance covered by the ship in a given time in nautical miles. For use by an airplane the log chip might be reduced in size. It might be attached to a thin wire which could be cut loose and sacrificed after it had served its purpose, together with the log chip. The log chip might be preferably of the form of a small harpoon, which to place it in the true wake must be shot into the water in a vertical direction from the airplane, flying as close to the surface as pos- sible. The log could be so constructed that it would open in the water like an umbrella, forming a kind of water anchor. By means of a stop-watch or an automatically working time micrometer, the exact time consumed in reeling off a given length of wire could be ascertained. The direction of the pull of the log wire would in- dicate the side drift with accuracy.

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is sa Ponda a EN A MR RE es 66 xvas eS SSE 2 ese: CDRA scree When Ships Go Down to the Sea This new harbor-entering system may do away with the shipping delays now caused by fogs By Lloyd E. Darling 00-00! Moo-00-00-00-00. Moo- 00-00-00-00-00-0000-00. Blaw-aw-w-w-w. Bler-bler-ee-e-e- ee-e. Bleep! If you live inland, it will be difficult for you to imagine the great orchestra of whistles that sound out over the waters of a busy harbor on a foggy morning. Every ship is saying, in effect, with its whistle: “Here I am. For the love of all that is good, move carefully with your old tub, and don’t bump into me. [I'll try not to bump into you. We both must be careful this morning, for we cannot see ten feet ahead of us. “‘T cannot very well be anywhere else than where I am. This fog descended suddenly—there was no time to get to a better place. On one side of me are the reefs and shallow water of the harbor’s edge; on the other, the chan- nel. If you must move, stick to that channel—if you don’t, there are likely to be two funerals, yours and mine. This will be sad—exceedingly sad—for both of us. “As for myself, I’m a big ship, and I’m being held up; but what else can I do? If I plowed up the bay in all this fog this morning, there would likely be half a dozen holes and dents in my sides from the tug-boats and other craft my big bulk would run down. No, sir. I stay right here. Moo-00-000-00. Blaw- aw-aw-aw. Er-ee-ee-ee——’”’ Self-Defense by Whistling This is a fact. About all that most ships have to defend themselves with in a fog at present are their whistles. And they do use them, most thoroughly. .Far out over the most distant waters of the harbor sound the low moans of the biggest ships; near at hand the high-pitched, staccato notes of the forever-arguing tug-boats carry on a tumultuous chorus. It is an exhibition of a situation that unwonted clumsiness on the part of man, and lack of a particular kind of inventiveness, have put him _ into. Though he may be past master of him- | pana: TUBE AMPLIFIER INDICATING METER CALIBRATED IN YARDS TELEPHONE RECEIVER suite WUUL SS PORT STARBOAR COIL cL ‘ Circuit by which an operator aboard ship listens in on radiations coming from a submerged cable self in many fields of invention—ships, railroads, manufacturing, what not— such a little thing as a fog bests him completely. He is completely outdone, shown up, helpless. Far from showing his usual buoyant resourcefulness, he is as lost as a lost child. This is true even on land. On rail- roads the most serious wrecks usually occur in fogs. On busy city streets the narrowest escapes from being run over occur in heavy rainy or foggy weather. Earl C. Hanson, a young investigator in radio lines, has thought of one of the most practical methods of dealing with fogs yet devised. What he has had in mind was chiefly the needs of ships entering harbors, but his idea is capable of being applied also to other situa- tions of similar character. Few plans yet proposed have been so simple and yet had so many elements of practica- bility. The idea, which may possibly be put into practical service in New York har- bor and elsewhere, is a ramification of the audio-frequency system of commu- nicating without wires, of which Hanson has been an ardent sponsor for some time past. Its application to the dis- pensing of music wirelessly in hospitals was discussed in the September number of the POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. Under this plan, as applied to ships entering harbors, older ideas, such as laying a steel cable in the channel and dragging a rope over the stern of the ship with a pulley tied to it, are done away with. This one uses an insulated— heavily insulated—cable laid in the channel. There is no physical contact with the cable at all. A 1,000-cycle potential is impressed upon the cable at the shore end. This radiates an electro- magnetic field. Another cable, some distance from the first to the right or left, also runs out of the harbor. This cable is for ships going in the opposite direction. A 500-cycle potential is impressed upon this cable. Both are grounded at their outer ends. How the System Works Coming up the harbor, a ship is equipped with coils of wire attached to its sides in the manner made clear in the illustrations. These are connected with a vacuum-tube amplifier as shown in the diagram. A two-point switch enables the operator to change from one coil to the other at will. He listens in as the ship slowly plows its way up through the all-enveloping vapor. The rail of the ship can hardly be seen a few feet away—let alone an- other vessel any distance out. Suddenly he hears a high-pitched note in the receivers. Ah, the ship is getting MANHATTAN BROOKLYN 4 cal way: _ it sia oe mn va ne POET FE ase acaetetine” Saetacied tetera sm Si ei wis 4 * wh JERSEY CITY * STATEN ISLAND No longer will progress in a fog through the hundreds of ships habitually in this part of New York harbor be difficult. The cables shown in the picture will, by electrical means, guide incoming and outgoing traffic in safety nea aw: low cyc rig] pit cah har oth kee ara col the

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near one of the cables! Fainter, farther away, comes another hum. This hum, lower in pitch, is the other—the 500- cycle—cable. Very well. The ship is all right the way it is, for the high- pitched 1,000-cycle cable is the ingoing cable, the one it wants to follow up the harbor. Outgoing ships are to follow the other, in this way keeping the traffie sep- arated and preventing collisions. Listen to the operator: Directing Pilot “Hey, pilot, throw her over to starboard a little. We are pass- ing the cable—getting too far to the other side. I can tell by the way, when I throw this two- point switch over, the hum now comes in on the other coil from the one it did. If we weren’t clear across the cable, the hull of the ship would prevent the hum (or rather electro- magnetic radiations from the cable which cause the hum) from reaching this other coil. So turn back—we’ll be straying off our path if we aren’t careful.” It is by this listen- ing in on first one coil and then the other (by throwing the handle on the two-point switch back and forth) that the operator tells on which side of the cable his ship is proceeding. Of course, the cable is far beneath the ship, submerged in the waters, and there is no physical connection (rope, chain, or the like) between ship and cable. The 1,000- cycle current impressed on the cable merely gives off radiations that are capable of producing a corresponding pitch in the operator’s receivers when the coils at the sides of the ship pick them up. The same is true, of course, of the 500-cycle cable, whose correspondingly from the cable’s radiations. of the cable, lower-pitched note is guiding ships in the opposite direction. A section of iron sheath, placed at mile or other convenient intervals, pre- vents radiations from the cable from passing out. When passing over these shielded places, the operator can hear no sound for the moment, and he there- The hull of the ship, being metallic, shelters the off-side coil The ship’s operator can thus keep track of her movements from one side to the other shifting his two-point by simply fore knows that he has gone by a marker and that he is in consequence that much nearer his goal. By check- ing off these markers on a map as he passes each one, he is able to tell exactly where he is in the harbor at all times— even though both darkness and fog surround him. Audio-Frequency Currents _ Technically, an interesting feature about the idea—beyond, of course, the general plan of getting a ship into a harbor in this way—is the application of a vacuum valve to amplify audio- frequency currents. Audio-frequency currents are those you can hear in a is that of the human ear. that you get into the realm of radio- A side view of the ship above, showing how the receiving coils are to be affixed to the sides of liners and other ships. The apparatus is easily installed telephone receiver without first some form or other of rectification to direct current being used. Audio-frequency currents anywhere to about cycles a_ second. run up ten thousand The upper limit Beyond frequency currents. The ear cannot hear these at all unless their rapidity of vibra- tion (cycles per second) is reduced. A vacuum valve is ordinarily employed for this purpose. But in the Hanson audio-fre- quency system the currents are already audible. The valve merely serves as an amplifier. Use of Amplifier So ample are the currents generated that it is possible to operate an indicating meter in the same ci:- cuit as the receiver. This meter is cali- brated in feet, auto- matically indicating how far the ship is away from the cable at a given instant. This would hardly be pos- ‘sible without the am- plifier, and its use in connection with the remainder of the appliances proves a happy combination. A variant of the harbor-entering idea employs but one cable laid in the channel instead of two. This would save expense. Inbound ships would keep themselves at a _ considerable distance to one side of the cable, and outbound vessels would follow the other side. It has been proved that this is practicable; for, in certain tests, signals have come in to operators aboard ship so loudly that they were easily followed. Further experiments will doubtless develop other practical variations. Congestion in our harbors is one of the principal reasons why shipping costs are so high. It is often more expensive to get a shipment of freight unloaded from railroad cars in the neighborhood of New York harbor, moved across the piers and docks, and loaded aboard ship, than afterward to transport the same freight on the ship to South America. One material reason for this greater expense is that costs pile up while the goods are lying around on piers and in neighboring warehouses waiting -for ships to get in. Any harbor-entering system that will enable vessels to get to and away from their destinations with facility will have a large field for usefulness. We may ex- pect much development in this line in the near future. switch carte UR a NE NA DOR BE

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n On . . Ct a RRL MS Tey BT eS riot “ weet : meets “> sme Sree ee re ee ¢ ry ot! etaniekcoaiee 4 ia - of paper, ready for the next pull. whiiseai’'s » ee ee ‘s we w The pupils in this class actually make models of the many things they learn of. Here you see two boys assembling a baby airplane, thus getting a practical knowledge of flying Building Things They Study EOGRAPHY, mechanics, eeonomics— how can you interest the unwilling schoolboy in these subjects? To answer this question, you must discover first why he is unwilling. It is chiefly because he must constantly curb his naturally ac- tive nature while in the class-room. Then why not let him do some- thing —-make the things he learns about? This scheme has been put into effect in the St. John’s Boys’ School at Ealing, England, by Mr. E. J. Golledge. Here you see a class of boys studying about the airplane while two students are taking their turn at assem- bling a model airplane. On the floor of the class-room is a wood- and-water world, the continents and islands aon gman by When you pull on the paper, the cut- OcKs Of wood. oma ting edge comeswith it; when youtear ships sail in and out. off the paper the knife springs back Wrapping-Paper Efficiency HE butcher, the baker, and the candlestick-maker use wrapping-paper roll racks. Without doubt you have seen one in operation, and you may have Silence Reigns Beneath the Bolts © shut out noise, put your fingers to your ears—that is the age-old rule. But suppose you wish to use your fingers—to write with, for instance—what then? Mr. Gabino Jauregui, of Argentina, has just patented an ear-closing device that covers this case and others similar. It looks like one of those braces that children with weak backs sometimes have to wear and is undoubtedly just as uncomfortable. Mr. Jauregui treats the hole in your ear as if it were a hole in wood and screws a bolt into it. The ear-bolts are held by a bracket that curves up over your head and is kept in place by a two-legged stand, the legs of which rest on top of your head. To use this con- trivance, when you hear a noise ap- proaching you quickly adjust the screws and bolts and get into your head-gear — that is, Ears he has, but he hears not if you prefer it to the disturbing noises with- noise. out because of his head-gear They Deliver Their Loads and Pass On EHOLD the self-dumping dump-car. Credit for this should be given, not to the dump-car, but to the mechanical device that makes it possible. A train of cars comes down the track until it is within a few feet of the dumping device, whereupon a brake stops it. A weighman, who is the sole attendant of the train, then uncouples the cars and releases the brake. The cars slide forward and are weighed—one by one. The first one continues to slide until it passes on to the rails of the dump- ing device. The rails are depressed by the weight of the car, and this depression automatically relocks the brakes, so that the remainder of the cars are firmly held back. The car is clutched by the dumping device and is auto- matically turned over. But, as it goes over, another set of tracks come up and the second car slides on to them— the revolving action releasing its brakes. As the empty cars rise up they shoot down the track, making way for the loaded ones. noticed that every time the storekeeper tears off a piece he must lift the cutting knife in order to grasp the edge of the paper before he pulls. There has recently been invented an attachment for the roll rack that elim- inates this. The loose end of the paper roll fits between two pieces of curved metal attached to the shaft that holds the roll. The upper one is stationary and the lower one is actuated by a spring. When you pull on the paper the lower one—carrying the cutting knife —comes with it. You tear off the sheet and the lower one with the cutting edge springs back to its original position, leaving behind it the projecting edge Just before the car turns over: the re- As the loaded car turns over, an emp- maining cars are seen in the background, ty one comes up and slides down the waiting for the brake to release them tracks out of the way of a second car eee ee OQ B® ND oh we we me A me —e RR or> = sa = rome wo f BQ co me oO

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. Be BN pak Be es le reo we & p- he Common O start an automobile engin2 in [ zero weatheris a problem the exact difficulty of which depends upon the construction and size of the engine, the quality of fuel used, the strength of the spark, and, of course, the height of the mercury in the ther- mometer at that particular time. As a first aid in starting, priming is probably the best way out of the pre- dicament. There are as many ways of priming an engine as there are of woo- ing a woman. The chief idea of prim- ing is to get a rich, explosive mixture that will fire the instant it touches the spark-gaps. After the engine has been coaxed into starting it will (if so in- clined) get up enough speed to run upon its customary allowance of gasoline. To make doubly sure, it is advisable to pull out the primer a short distance to make the usual mixture slightly richer than normal, until the engine obtains sufficient heat for average carburetion. Don’t Hurry Your Engine Take time to warm up the engine. Remember that nothing is gained by trying to hurry it. If the car has been standing twenty-four hours the oil has drained back from the cylinder walls and bearing surfaces, and the crank- case oil, if cold, is sluggish and viscous. Naturally, it will take a little time to get back to its normal operating condi- tion, and this will occur only when the engine is thoroughly warm. Run the engine slowly for three or four minutes and you will economize not only in repair bills but also in oil and gasoline. When you start your car these cold mornings, have you noticed that before the engine starts the self-starter whirs a longer time than it did in summer? The self-starter is designed to start the engine, and will if the battery is in proper condition. But the current consumption is not by any means pro- portionate to the time the self-starter consumes in starting the engine. This device utilizes the hot air in the exhaust to heat the gas mixture on its way to the engine that it did in summer. Did Your Automobile Freeze Up Last Night? sense will prevent cracked cylinders By Ronald L. Prindle The greater viscosity of cold oil in winter will make the starting torque so great as to demand three or four times the amount of current from the battery Therefore, assist the starting motor by providing the rich mixture mentioned. In doing this you remove a goodly portion of the burden that would otherwise be de- manded from the battery. Time for Anti-Skid Chains The driver who fails to equip his car with some form of anti-skid chains for winter is neglecting a sane pre- caution. Chains, however, should be used only when absolutely necessary, and they should be fitted loosely enough to work around the tire and distribute the strain; yet they should not be so loose as to form a “‘bundle”’ and produce bumping, which is very detrimental to the tread. Your tire man will tell you that chains are a form of insurance against accident. You pay for them in the shortened life of your tires, but-the wear due to chains is very slight and the insurance is well worth while. However, chains applied too tightly will shorten the life of the tires con- siderably. Moreover, they will not pre- vent skidding if applied in this manner and will bite into the tread, playing the part of a skate. This is especially true on wet or icy pavements and the bite in the tread can easily be recognized and 6 FIG.A Fig. A. Chain placed over tire. Fig. B. Car rolled forward on chain. Fig. C. Chain buckled together without diffi- culty. Apply your chains this way here- after. You will save time and trouble the cause determined on account of the chain-link impression on the tread that is usually in evidence. Chains should never be applied when the carcass of the tire is ex- posed. Disregard this point and it will provecostly. Furthermore, the blowout takes place at a most inconvenient time, because chains are usually attached on rainy days, on muddy roads, or in the winter after a snowfall. Don’t trust to your chains to prevent skidding on pavements. A skid usually results from the lack of a secure grip of the tires upon the pavement. It some- times happens on a dry roadway, but usually this is due to ex- cessive speed. Some drivers find that their car skids nearly every time they put on the brakes, especially on a wet pavement. Thisis probably due to the brakes not being adjusted to the same tension, so that one brake takes hold sooner than the other, a condition which naturally wears off one tread You promise yourself to buy a radiator cover for your car. The robe is a poor makeshift in zero weather, and the car may freeze in spite of it sooner than the other, and causes the car to swing around because of the one- sided resistance. If this happens even when the brakes do take hold equally, it may be that the driver applies the brakes too suddenly, or the brakes may lock. In either case the result is the same: the wheels lock and slide along on one place in the tire and the resistance to forward motion is the same as that to side motion, so that it is just as easy for the car to slide sideways as forward. Cold Weather Breaks Glass Watch your windshield these cold mornings. The cold makes the glass more brittle, and often a sharp jerk on the windshield to change its position will crack the glass. When you come in from a long drive and the car-top is covered with snow, brush the top by folding it back, and then put it up again to dry. A folded top, if damp, will deteriorate rapidly and will soon discolor and crack. Never clean a top with gasoline, for gasoline will ruin any rubber which is in the fabric or construction. When the top needs cleaning, use good castile soap and a scrubbing-brush. Soap and water will have an equally good effect on the celluloid windows. Watch your radiator for leaks es- pecially at this time.of the year. It will naturally be filled with anti-freezing liquid in winter, and, while a small leak in the summer would not be serious, the ‘present high price of non-freeze fluids should lead car-owners to make a care- ful inspection frequently. ECS TET US

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. . Bay ded Sk a eg ah pea i Oe dad wea af ee Serr. Gear Changing as a Fine Art for the Motorist A little study of your automobile will help you to make a smooth getaway R. MOTORIST, have you ever envied the automobile driver who pulls away from the curb with never a Clash of the car’s gears? Who knows exactly when to shift the gear lever and who does it so quietly that it seems to you, sitting beside him, that his car hasn’t any gears at all. Of course you have; but why envy him when you can do the same with your own car if you will only find out what happens in the transmission under the floor-boards. The design of the transmission and clutch has much to do with successful gear shifting, but however perfect the mechanism may be a certain amount of practice is necessary to shift the gears without the ends of the gear teeth striking together. It is this clashing of teeth that makes the grinding noise which makes your repair man welcome you so cordially when you pull up for oil or gasoline. He knows that, as a result, sooner or later you will have to put your car in his workshop—hence his smile. Ignorance of the proper way to shift gears results in the gradual wearing away of the teeth, and,in extreme cases, strips them from the bodies of the gears. In every case a noisy transmission results. Inside the Gear Box The transmission is made up of a series of gears, mounted upon a main shaft and a counter shaft, with an idler gear mounted upon the trans- mission case. The first and second speeds and reverse are three sets of reduction gears with various ratios. High speed is on direct drive, which means that the drive-shaft to the rear wheels revolves at the same speed as the engine crank shaft. When the clutch-pedal is pushed down (or “out,” in automobile par- lance) the engine is disconnected from the transmission, which releases the pressure of the gear teeth against each other and allows the gears to be shifted easily. The lower end of the shift lever connects with the gear shifting forks, which are so arranged as to push the gears forward: and back- ward on the square main shaft in order to make the different gear combina- tions. Here is the whole secret of successful gear changing. The two gears about to be meshed should be revolving slow- ly and as nearly as possible at the same rate of speed. If one of the gears is revolving much faster than the other it is impossible to shift them without a clash. It is therefore a mistake to let the car gain too great a speed before shifting into a higher combination. Now, when the car is under way, Ignorance of the proper way to shift gears results in the gradual wearing away of the teeth, and in extreme cases strips them pull down the hand throttle and take your foot off the accelerator so that the engine idles slowly, throw out the clutch, pull the lever from first speed, then clear to the left and into second speed. Let the clutch in gently and push down the accelerator until the car attains a speed of eight to ten miles an hour, when the clutch should again be disengaged, the foot removed from the accelerator and the lever pulled straight back into high position. All these motions should be made deliberately and without haste. Usually the driver is in too much of a hurry to make the shifting smooth. Don’t grasp the lever tightly in your hand—this does not help the shifting one bit and only makes you tired. By moving the lever backwards with the tips of the fingers the driver can actually feel when the gears are turning at the right speed and mesh them quietly. When the lever is gripped tightly this is im- possible. But in heavy pulling, or on an up- grade, where the car will slow down the instant the accelerator is released, the gear shifting must be made quickly and firmly in all speeds. Shifting from high to second or low speed is just the reverse of these mo- tions, except in the handling of the accelerator. The principle of the thing is to make the shift as quickly and firmly as possible so as not to let the gears slow down. The clutch pedal must only be pressed down far enough to barely release the clutch. Don’t be Impatient Never attempt to put the shift lever in reverse nor shift from reverse to a forward speed until the car is at a standstill. If you do an enormous strain is thrown upon the entire mech- anism. In starting the car on a steep hill, hold down the brake with the right foot, put the shift lever in first speed and use the hand throttle to get away, releasing the brake slowly as the engine takes up the load; and when starting down a grade put the lever in first or high speed and let the mo- mentum of the car start the engine. This economizes upon the battery and does not injure the car. If you follow the above rules and conscientiously study the peculiarities of your own particular car (for every car has its own likes and dislikes ex- actly as would a horse) you will soon become an expert driver and operate your car automatically and with pre- cision. Try it and see. Here is a phantom view of a popular make of automobile. inside of an engine. a — = : 1 u Illustrations like this do much to educate the motorist in the mysteries A little study will make it apparent that even the twin six can easily be kept in condition by an amateur _ Cm rr -— a ee ee a ee i lane ae Pa : pe i Pr, = A ome

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HRISTMAS and a Winchester! What a com- bination for a real American boy! Will this Christmas bring YOU a Winchester? That’s up to Dad. Dad knows you want to shoot and he knows you ought to shoot. He'll get you your Winchester for Christmas if you tell him that’s what you want. How to get your Winchester You want the Winchester — Dad will get it for you—and the dealer has it. Ask Dad to take you to the dealer’s store. Get the dealer to show you the W. J. R. C. Range Kit. It’s the outfit all riflemen are using now —especially boys who are competing for the famous Winchester markmanship medals. A shiny, brand-new Winchester .22 rifle, a canvas cover, a natty army cartridge belt, ammunition, cleaning rod and cleaning preparations — all packed in a strong, handsome case — that’s what the dealer will take from his shelf. It’s the very outfit boys have been waiting years to get—every shooting need provided for —any boy in the country would be proud to have the, W. J. R. C. Range Kit as a Christmas present. A Christmas present any real boy is proud to get Official outfit of the W. J. R. C. Better yet, the W. J. C. Range Kit is the OFFICIAL outfit of the "Sencshaaeae Junior Rifle Corps — packed under the direction of W. J. R. C. National Headquarters! With the W. J. R. C. Range Kit you, too, can now compete for the famous Winchester trophies — the Marksman, Sharpshooter and Expert Rifleman medals. Lots of the boys you know have joined the Winchester Junior Rifle Corps and won these rewards of skill with the rifle. You can do as well. Go to Dad today. Tell him you want the W. J. R. C. Range Kit as you have never wanted anything before. Get Dad to go to the store with you. When he takes that shiny Winchester out of the Range Kit and fits it to his shoulder, he’ll want it just as much as you do. Speak to him today! WINCHESTER REPEATING ARMS CO. Dept. 1220, New Haven Conn. U. S. A. WINCHESTER World Standard Guns anst Ammunition The new W. J. R. C. Range Kit includes everything you need for shooting—a .22 caliber Winchester rifle, a canvas gun case ammunition, cartridge belt, cleaning rod, and three gun cleaning preparations—all packed in a handsome, durable case. The outfit also contains a supply of official targets and a copy of the R. C. rule book.

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7 gman LECTRIC drive for great ships be- od of her sister ships was equipped with geared steam turbine drive and another es ie : ° ° ° ° : eet came a fact with With direct-connected reciprocating i . — “ee successful “Sines: The results proved the unques- 4 (Soa ge tionable superiority of electric drive. ‘ — trials of the New And so electric drive was adopted for 3 ee ; Mexico, flagship the super-dreadnaught New Mexico, 4 A = of the Pacific | with 32,000 tons displacement and a . Fleet, the first battleship to be pro- speed of 21 knots. Steam from her oil- ; ¥ a pelled by electricity. burning boilers drives two Curtis turbo- eu _ hiv te = ‘* This engineering feat,” says Secre- generators, which generate ‘electric { "4 tary Daniels, “holds a peculiar interest current and feed itthrougha central con- lt : to the people of the nation, especially ‘trol to four 7,000 horsepower motors, if! when they realize that in this achieve- each coupled to a propeller. Two } ment the American Navy stands, pre- thousand additional horsepower is gen- } eminent among the nations of the world. lle HE It marks an epoch in naval progress.” 7,000 horsepower mii i It is another great advance in the “Iecttie ee ae a mastery of the sea. peller shaft. They ii = x re } ex- ia Ten years ago electric propulsion for ico ae oo Se Beek i vessels was being discussed by eminent rege tee —— i engineers. But it remained for W. L. in thirty seconds. ti R. Emmet, consulting engineer of the F t - . ° . . pei} General Electric Company, in co-oper- _erated for lighting, steering, turret ma- “Te ation with the Bureau of Steam chinery, ventilation, winches, wind- ¢ Engineering, U. S. Navy, to apply it lasses, cranes, radio, telephony, search- ae to large ships. lights, laundry, refrigeration, baking, d | ; Five years ago electric drive was in- machine shop— making the New 3 if stalled on the collier Jupiter, while one | Mexico an electric ship indeed! ~ PR 3 { ii Y) a) ypu Y Y gat 4 % a a} ] “yf » 4 Mew dnl j di em ene ean we connasinapiatiiaiaa app

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As a result of the performance of the Jupiter and the New Mexico the United States Navy has adopted electric drive for all its capital ships now under con- The operator of this control board—in the center of the ship— controls, through a few levers, the speed and power of the turbo-generators and propelling motors, in immediate response to telegraphic orders from the bridge. struction or which have been authorized. Its success in the Navy forecasts the rapid adoption of electric drive for merchant ships. In the case of any large ship now operating with recipro- cating engines on long voyages, electric propulsion, if substituted, would afford enough improvement to pay for itself in three years. Admiral Benson, until recently Chief of Naval Operations, says, “. . . as soon as the merits of this system become known commercially, electric propulsion will prove its practical value in the Merchant (Marine just as thoroughly as it has to the Navy.” He states that he regards “*. . . electricity as the most re economical motive power, from every viewpoint, so far developed for large units.” The chief advantages of electric drive are: 1. Economy — Fuel economy is not only apparent in the operation of elec- trically propelled ships, but decreased fuel storage room makes way for valu- able cargo space. , 2. Reliability — Electric propelling machinery has no motion other than simple rotation. Its simplicity in trans- mitting power from turbine to propeller Two of these 14,000 horsepower Curtis turbo-genera- tors, singly or to- gether, produce cur- rent for any or all of the four motors. eliminates the trouble caused by large reciprocating parts or multiplicity of re- duction gears. 3. Flexibility of Installation — Elec- tric motors may be placed in the stern, instead of amidships, greatly reducing the length of propeller shafts and shaft alleys. The turbines can be near the boilers in compact quarters, doing away with many feet of steam piping, and adding valuable space. The power is transmitted the electric way — through small cables. The control can be in any convenient place, even on_ the bridge. 4. Safety— Electric drive gives vastly greater safety than the old types, because each unit can be isolated in its own water-tight compartment. In col- ‘lision or other accident the throwing of a switch disconnects a damaged motor or shaft, and in the case of more than one propeller, the power is transmitted to the remaining propellers. The building of electric propulsion ma- chinery for ships of the Navy and Merchant Marine is but one of the. many activities of the General Electric Company in its service to the Govern- ment, to transportation, to industries, to science, to cities and to the home. An illustrated booklet describing the New Mexico, entitled, “* The Electric Ship ” will be sent upon request. Ad- dress General Electric Company, Desk 22, Schenectady, New York. C Tt. .Bat oe

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‘al _its repressions. HE majority of us will remember the happy days passed in our childhood fashioning pieces of wood into pigs, small boats, and the like; and at fete times in the winter having hollowed out a large turnip, carved out the eyes, made a hole for the nose and stuck a lighted candle inside. It is evident that the desire to cut and carve is inherent in the instincts of everyone, but how many of us have thought of the possibilities of the com- mon horse-chestnuts? It is to two Frenchmen that credit for the beauti- ful work accomplished What Can Be Done with Horse-Chestnuts By Frank Hewartson Did you know that you could make a unique set of chessmen from horse-chestnuts by simply carving them into interesting shapes when they are soft? Try it and you will be surprised at the peculiar shapes that will emerge from under your knife happened that their parents dressed the chestnut as a doll. If the chestnuts are dressed and decorated it is necessary to employ a special method n keeping with nature, which will not make them resemble dolls, nor yet the ordinary marion- ettes, but which will be original. It will be observed that all the materials employed are to be found either at the seaside or in the country — seeds of various varieties, leaves, and craw- fish being all that are necessary. A very striking figure is that of the of the austere military man. The busby is fashioned out of the common teasel; the shoulder-straps are made of eucalyptus seeds; while the breast- plate is nothing more than a leaf ofa chestnut tree. As will be seen, the buttons are perfect, but they are only the seeds of the iris; his medal and decoration are the result of a careful employment of various sizes and colored seeds. The head of a crawfish supplies all of the material necessary for the head and ears of “The Florentine,’ while the tail is employed for in this direction is due. The many uses to which the humble horse-chestnut may be put are, of course, legion, but the art of carving and dressing the chestnuts with objects of nature re- quires the genius of a true artist. However, this art is within the reach of the humblest worker, since the ma- terials employed are valueless from a commercial stand- point. The horse-chestnut has this ad- vantage: when it is fresh the pulp is workable with a knife with the greatest ease, and on drying it becomes as hard as wood and undergoes a retraction that accentuates and exaggerates its natural deformations. The first thing to be understood by the would-be artist is to know how to utilize the multifarious forms of the chestnut, and to employ its peculiari- ties, its protuberances, its hollows, and It is necessary that the artist have the talent of showing off his work, for it is here that success lies. Then the chestnut, common as it is, rises from the ranks and becomes a thing of beauty. A clerk in the Paris post-office is responsible for the greater part of the carving. He, unlike many of his com- rades, employed his spare time with art instead of at the cafe. By way of amusement he carved chestnuts that he found by the roadside—and dis- tributed them among children of his acquaintance. Naturally they were highly appreciated, and it occasionally ne ee ee Spe Bot. “SERS a visor, the ribs and the breastplate are poppy seeds. A chauf- _,| feur’s glove does duty -:| for the doublet, while | the buttons are used to ws | Ornament the shoulder Pl straps. The symbols on the shield are taken from the tail of the crawfish, and pheas- ant’s feathers are above. Notice the funny facial contortions shown on the subjects As they dry still funnier effects will appear “Prudish Old Maiden.” The head- gear of the figure is formed from the body of a common grasshopper fringed with one of the fine feathers of the peacock. The collarette was taken from the interior of a poppy; the Parts of dead insects, such as wings, etc., will help decorate the figures and give them a rich appearance chemisette was cut out of a bamboo _ leaf; while a chestnut leaf was brought into use for the making of the corsage. The ‘Major of the British Army”’ is perhaps the most imposing of all the subjects. He has all the appearance employed in the work of ornamenting the casque. For “The Norman” the tail of a crawfish, of the pink variety this time, is brought into service to supply the headgear. This is surrounded by the crinkled paper one usually sees in the pastry-cook’s window, ornamenting those little biscuits commonly known in France as “petits fours.” The jewelry is fashioned from various sized prairie seeds. The corsage is fashioned out of a piece of old Japanese em- broidery. In the case of another figure a large coleoptera had to be sacrificed in order to furnish the headdress. The wings have been doubled up, and they form a regular and delicate ornament, while the elytrons, or wing shells, are fash- ioned into shoulder-straps. The ma- terial necessary for the corsage is obtained from a piece of old-gold embroidery. The pendant, which is seen drowned in a knot of lace made of lichens, is made of parsley and a gold beetle of an elongated form, the legs of which have been cut off. A set of chessmen can be made which will cause visitors to wonder at your originality. Try it and see what funny effects you can produce.

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Installed according to for |OO% Belt Equipment So oO. aq Ww 3% Y) a O “> PULVERIZER Requirea #F& xc Belt Speed 3628F2M Yiam. Drive Pulle 2A" c v ulley 2 PM Driven Pulle 720 oe)

~< ELEVATORS GOODYEAR BELTS — GT.M.recommendation at == Nast Bros, Plant, Knowles, Wis, ' HYDRATOR 1OO H,P | CORLISS 9S RPM

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Pate 24" = a : Specified pn i GOODYEAR BELT 6’4PLY ~~ BLUE STREAK CONSTRUCTION = 8"

Copyright 1919, by The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Gay One Belt, an Entire Plant—and the G. T. M. It all began with a belt-killer—the pulverizer drive. Belts, with good luck, sometimes lasted a year on it. Even then, their short lives were full of trouble; for they stretched, jumped the pulleys, gaped at the shafting, where it’s 23 to 31 feet from center to center, 6- and 7-ply Goodyear Blue Streaks unswerv- ingly deliver full load of power. slam Tue: cee-dies cleek Se: oes os, Each of them is G. T. M. specified to its job. No G.T. M.—Goodyear Technical Man—prescribed a 6-inch, 4-ply Goodyear Blue Streak Belt for service on that gruelling transmission from the 24-inch pul- ley of the drive shaft to the 8-inch pulley on the pulverizer. Today the whole plant of Nast Brothers Lime & Stone Co., at Knowles, Wis., is standardized on Goodyear Belts. The initial installation, made in one type of belt could do more than pretend to meet sO many varying requirements. So the G.T.M. recommended application of the particular belt to the particular need. And Mr. Nast, constantly im- pressed with the 22 months’ consistent, day-in, day- out, ten-hours-a-day performance of the original belt, met every G. T. M. recommendation with con- fidence. the Company’s plant at Marblehead, Wis., on the And in unison the Goodyear Belts contribute to basis of an expert analysis of actual conditions, has grown from that one Goodyear-served drive to a 100% Goodyear Belt equipment in the plant at Knowles. The study that effected savings in power and time and belt outlay was extended to an entire plant in a succession of analyses. Serving different types of drives, the belts in the Nast plant today are of varying lengths and widths, the plant operation the highest values of good belt- ing. Flexible, they hold to the pulleys. Unstitched, they wear uniformly. They neither rip nor stretch. Judging, as Superintendent Koeding does, by the staying qualities of the original Goodyear Blue Streak, they will outlast by a year or more the life of the average belt. And their first cost was but little more. different ply and type, but they are all of theone qual- The same valuable service from both the G. T. M. ity—Goodyear. On the hydrator there’s a 5-inch, 4-ply Goodyear Blue Streak for heavy duty. An 8-inch, 5-ply Klingtite is in the hard service of the crusher. A pair of 4-inch, 4-ply Goodyear Glides work on the pulverizer. On the long reaches of the engine room and Goodyear, Belting is at your command. The G. T. M.’s analysis of a single drive or a whole plant is free to you. Our reward will come from it by the same process which resulted in the Nast Brothers standardization on 100% Goodyear Belt equipment. THE GoopYEAR TIRE & RuBBER COMPANY Offices Throughout the World

HOSE~ VALVES Fa ZAR

MADE IN U.S.A.

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ever helps the

Published in the in- terest of Electrical Development by an Institution that will be helped by what-

Fares, please !! The word ‘‘fare’’ has slipped and skidded fiom its older, warmer, truer meaning. In stage-coach days the driver was “host”? and the travelers his ““fares.’? Now ““fare’’ has come to mean money. In fact, for the last 20 years it has become the car rider’s equivalent for a nickel. rom a clean seat in a modern electric street car, in its warmth, speed and cleanliness, we may dream back to dustier, colder days, when stout $2.50 shoes nestled on a straw-strewn flooring. Then any ride was uncertain in time. Cars came each hour instead of every five minutes, and puffing steam dummies unerringly shot cinders between father’s neck and his inflammable coliar, But this is all gone all except the tradition that ‘“fare’’ is unfair when it strays from its old crony, the five-cent piece. There was a time when a good cigar or a rail- way track spike could be had two for 10 cents. Once copper wire and beef steak cost 12 cents a pound; a dollar bought a good hat, a real shirt, a hotel room or a day’s work in track labor. Nothing is left of all this—except the habit of thinking of ‘‘fare’? as money, instead of in its old meaning—one who is cared for by a host Jor pay. Let us remember that a penniless host must needs be a poor one. Let us think about the relation of electric rail- ways and ourselves as mutual—each with definite obligations. When adjustments are made, let’s make them on the basis of a reasonable return for the service rendered —the old true basis of host and fare.

in- estern Electric Company ‘ No.1. Western Electric —an or- ganization whose products and services apply alike to all fields where electricity is used —in the power plant, in the shop, on the farm and in the home.

To Keep the Egg-Beater from Tiring You HE man who knows how to han- dle tools can save his wife from tiring her hands and wrists by build- ing an extension handle for the egg- beater. Everyone knows how awk- ward an article an egg-beater is to operate, and this appliance should be welcome in every kitchen. Procure a piece of wood about 10 in. long by 3 in. wide. Lay the handle of the beater upon it, and mark the ex- tension handle in the position shown in the illustration. Then cut out three little hardwood blocks, and fasten them in place with screws, so they fit inside and around the handle, holding it snugly. The two bottom ones should be high enough so that a steel pin passed through them will just clear the upper surface of the Vi REW my j __ PIVOT SCRE

T With this apparatus attached to the egg-beater it is turned as easily as winding a phonograph handle and hold it rigid <A _ button over the top piece will serve to hold it in position over that particular block. Set the beater in place temporarily on the block, and place its bottom in a dish. When in the proper position for beating, screw the block to the cupboard, near the top, by a large pivot screw. Thus the block may be swung up and out of the way against the cupboard when not in use. With this arrangement the beater is held firmly in position in the dish, and one hand can be used to pour in the ingreaients. This is especially valu- able in making mayonnaise dress- ing.— L. B. Rossins. Overhaul Your Automobile Rims INTER is a good time of the year to look over the rims of your car and see that the various parts are not rusted together. In- spect the rims carefully and scrape the rusty parts. Give the rims a coat of aluminum or rim paint which will prevent permanent rust.

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Tycos Wall Thermometers To help you maintain a temperature in your house conducive to good health. Tycos Bath Thermometers To enable you to get the most good from yorr bath. Taylor Home Set Bake Oven Thermom- eter. Candy Thermom- eter. Sugar . Meter. The secret of accurate results in cooking. Tycos Hygrometer To enable you to keep the humidity of the at- mosphere in your home correct at all times. Tycos Weather Barometers Forecast the weather twenty-four hours ahead with dependable ac- curacy. Taylor Quality Compasses To show you the right way in unfamiliar country. Tycos Fever Thermometers A necessity in every home. Tycos Office Thermometers An aid in promoting business efficiency. : (Ask Your Dealer) The Tree with Thirty Thousand Different Kinds of Fruit--- ONG ago, in the “ once upon a time,” a South American Indian discovered a sticky substance oozing from a tree. He toyed with it until it congealed in a sticky mass in his hand. He threw it on the ground. It bounced! Then he tossed it to a friend. Thus began the Indian gamegof “ batos,” the ancestor of baseball. Other Indians discovered by accident that when they dropped some of this substance on their arms or legs it hardened. This gave them the idea for making crude moccasins, ornaments and hats. Such is the mythical story of the beginning of the rubber industry. Today, thanks to experiment and invention, the rubber tree (and there are many different kinds of them) yields some thirty thousand different varities of frust. In the rubber industry heat con- trol is all important. Everything that is made of rubber must be vuleanized. When rubber is vulcan- ized it is mixed with sulphur and becomes elastic, or hard, depending upon the amount of sulphur and on temperature control. For without heat sulphur could not be digested by the rubber. Because pressure and temperature play such a vital part in vulcanizing, the use of accurate temperature and pressure indicating, recording and controlling instru- ments is imperative. Without such instruments there could be no rubber industry, no insulated wire or cables, no automobile tires, no rain-proof clothing, none of some thirty thou- sand different things, In great rubber factories, here and abroad, Tycos Temperature Instru- ments are accepted as the standard of accuracy. It has been the privi- lege of the Taylor Instrument Com- panies to have served this industry and hundreds of others for nearly 70 years. There are over 8,000 different types and styles of instruments in the Tycos line. On the left ‘are listed Tycos instruments for home use. They possess that same dependable accuracy found in all instruments bearing the name “ Tycos.” Ask your dealer about them. If he won’t supply you, write to us direct sending dealer’s name. Valuable and instructive literature will be sent you promptly. Taylor Instrument Companies Rochester, N. Y. There’s a Tycos and Taper Thermometer for every purpose. one “pa is ie i “Ss

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eet AES Ae « ¢ ¥ 9 wet A eae pabnatteeienllllineieen sieememtnenmeeeneteatne eee - De Bg HS nO 2 ees Here is the ordi- nary braided ca- ble covering. Note the open and porous construc- tion, easily cut, stretched or une raveled, Compare it with Duracord, This is Dura- cord. Thick, heavy strands, woven like a piece of fire hose, not braided. Picture shows out- side covering only with impreqgna- ting compound re- moved. : What a a Woven covering means to portable electric cord ORTABLE electric cord is only as good as the covering that protects it. What kind do you choose —a thin strand, braided covering—or Duzacord? Duracord is different. It has a covering of thick, heavy strands woven like fire hose. It can Le battered and pounded and abused and stands up as no other cord will. DURACORT) FRADE -MARK In laboratory tests it resisted the. pounding of heavy hammers, twenty times longer than ordinary braided cord. It stood fifteen times the abrasion of ordinary cord. In actual use it has proved itself so many times superior to other cords as to be a positive economy. Shipbuilders, manufacturing plants of all kinds, theatres, mines, railroads, etc., are specifying Duracord wherever a portable electric cord is required to with- stand hard service. Duracord will save you money—it will make money for you if you use it in your product. But don’t buy it till you see for yourself why it is so good. Send for samples of Duracord and ordinary cord— test them, compare them in every way. Ask your electrical jobber about Duracord or write us. TUBULAR WOVEN FABRIC COMPANY Pawtucket, R. I. Makers of Duraduct the flexible non-metallic conduit, and tubular woven fabrics of all kinds. How to Mend That Broken Umbrella Shank HE shank of an umbrella was ac- cidentally broken off about 5 in. above the handle, and the owner de- cided to mend it himself. He took a block of fairly hard wood, about 5 in. long and 13 in. in diam- To mend an umbrella so that the break will not be _ noticeable eter, and with a 3-16 in. wood-drill bored a hole through this block lengthwise. Next, with a 5-in. drill (which was a little larger than the broken shank), he bored a hole in one end, the drill following the 3-16-in. hole, keeping it in line to a 3-in. depth. This block (shown in illustration Fig. 1) was to serve as a guide. Wrap- ping a strip of paper around the shank until the guide would slip over it snugly, he next inserted the 3-16-in. drill in the smaller hole, and carefully drilled a hole about 2 in. deep in the broken end of the shank, using a light pres:ure at first, to avoid springing the drill out of center. For this purpose, a cross-piece with a square hole, used as a gimlet-head (as shown), proved easier to work at the required light pressure than a bit- stock. The mender treated the other half of the break in the same way. He then coated the ends of the break with glue, and inserted a heavy wire nail with the head cut off into the holes, pressed the parts firmly together, and left. the whole to set. When finished, the break was hardly noticeable, and the iron rod in the cen- ter made the umbrella. stronger than before.— C, A. PEASE. Planing Small Pieces of Wood ERY small pieces of wood are hard to work to exact dimensions with any kind of a plane. It is very difficult to plane the short and narrow edges of such pieces without getting the edges either rounded or out of true, for the reason that the weight and size of the plane, no matter how small, is entirely out of proportion to the size of the piece worked. It is necessary to clamp each piece securely in order to be able to work it at all, which means considerable work and loss of time when all four sides have to be worked. These difficulties are easily over- come by the very simple expedient of

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A Christmas Corona for the Use and Delight of All the Family NE of the country’s foremost educators says: ‘‘I have urged parents to buy Coronas for their chil- drentouse. The youngsters of this generation seem to be poor spellers, and I have made the discovery that the typewriter is the thing to work up interest in and stimulate them to improve their English.’’ a a Corona is the typewriter of universal utility. It goes wherever it is wanted—into mother’s sewing room, father’s den, Jack’s room. Just close it like a book and take it anywhere. If you go on a trip, slip it into a corner of your luggage or carry it along in its handy case. Corona retires, when it isn’t busy, into a drawer or closet; is in- stantly ready for service; is so simple that you can learn to use it in two or three times’ practising; is astonishingly rugged in construction. It would be hard to select a Christmas gift that the whole famity can share with greater pleasure or profit, or that wil! occupy a more permanent place in the home circle. Ash our local representative, or write us for Booklet CORONA TYPEWRITER COMPANY, INc. GROTON, NEW YORK Branches and agencies in principal cities over the world | CORONA The Personal Wri ting’ Mach ine -fold it up- take it with you-typewrite an ywhere Corona weighs but a trifle more than six pounds; folds up snugly when not busy; travels where you travel, serves you on the instant. Ruggedly built, simple to operate, always handy, never obtrusive. $50, with carrying case. Ec aeeme

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Lee es ee oF er Fight Film To Save Your Teeth All Statements Approved by High Dental Authorities It is Film that Ruins Them This is why brushed teeth dis- color and decay. And why old methods of cleaning have proved so inadequate. Your teeth are covered with a slimy film. It clings to them, enters crevices and stays. That film is the cause of most tooth troubles. The tooth brush does not end it. The ordinary dentifrice does not dissolve it. So, month after month, that film remains and may do a ceaseless damage. That film is what discolors — not the teeth. It is the basis of tartar. It holds food substance which ferments and forms acid. It holds the acid in contact with the teeth to cause decay. Millions of germs breed in it. They, with tartar, are the chief cause of pyorrhea. Also of many other troubles. Dental science, after years of searching, has found a way to combat that film. Able authori- ties have proved the method by many careful tests. And now, after years of proving, leading dentists all over America are urg- ing its daily use. Now Sent for Home Tests For home use this method is embodied in a dentifrice called Pepsodent. Anda 10-Day Tube is sent without charge to anyone who asks. Pepsodent is based on pepsin, the digestant of albumin. The film is albuminous matter. The object of Pepsodent is to dissolve it, then to day by day combat it. The way seems simple, but for long pepsin seemed impossible. It must be activated, and the usual agent is an acid harmful to the teeth. But science has discov- ered a harmless activating method. And millions of teeth are now cleaned daily in this efficient way. Let a ten-day test show what this new way means. The results are important, both to you and yours. Compare them with results of old-time methods and you will then know what is best. Cut out the coupon now so you won't forget. Pepsaodent REG. U.S. The New-Day Dentifrice Now advised by leading dentists everywhere OOUAUDEUUGEOUEGDEAUOGAOU GAOL EEOLEAUUEOUUEGOUGLOENOEOOUGAGUEOUEOUSUOUSEAUENUEEOUEOOEGOUOOUUEOUOGOUGUUEOOUOGDEOUUOOUSEOUEOOEGOUGLUOONUGOUUSOOONUEOUEOUUEOUEOUEGUUGAUEGOOGNOGOUEOOUEOLUGNUOOUEGOUGOEOUAY CGM OgALEUUEAUENUUENUEEUUELTUEL Ten-Day Tube Free THE PEPSODENT COMPANY, Dept. 899, 1104S. Wabash Ave., Chicago, IIl. Mail 10-Day Tube of Pepsodent to (| ONS Ra Ss See What It Does Get this 10-Day Tube. Note how clean the teeth feel after using. Mark the absence of the slimy film. Sze how teeth whiten as the fixed film disappears. Learn what clean teeth mean. reversing the process of planing, and adopting, after a fashion, the principle of the machine planer, by which, in- stead of the plane moving over the wood, the wood is dragged over the plane. All that is necessary is simply to clamp the plane securely in the bench- vise with the cutter facing the operator, and to push the pieces « f wood across it. If care is taken to have the cutter very sharp and to have it set rather fine, it will be found that this method gives excellent results. The piece to be worked being always in direct touch with the K—_VISE fingers and also The piece to be worked in sight while uponisalwaysaccessible the plane is ; solid, quick and easy work is made of truing up the pieces. If the pieces are so small or so thin as to present an insufficiently secure finger-hold, a push-block or handle can easily be made rom a small block of wood of about the width and length of the pieces to be worked. To the lower edge, near the end, of this block, tack a piece thinner than that to be worked. If the handle is laid on the work, this little block takes hold of the rear end and enables pressure to be ex- erted in planing.—HEnry Simon. CUTTER. Aiding the Draftsman to Determine Centers OR the mechanical draftsman comes this device by which it is easy to find the center of tangent cir- cles. It consists of a circular disk of po LINES S\ = ‘ wo © p . TRANSPARENT CeLLULoIp UNGER DISK For locating the center of tangent circles the above device will be found invaluable to the draftsman transparent celluloid about 1-16 in. thick. A plunger with a needle-point and spring is fitted into a tube riveted to the center of the disk. The illustra- tion shows the device set on a piece of paper with the outer line tangent to the right-angle lines on the paper. By pressing on the plunger a center is made for the point of the compass. This is easy to make and worth its weight in gold.— Witi1AM FARRELL.

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HE new INDIAN Scout is the latest model to be added to the famous line of INDIAN Motocycles, It is entirely new in conception; new in design and construction; new in many equipment details. Embodying all the skill and experience of motorcycle building of the past, it is the motorcycle of the future, And, brought within the price range of everybody; it ideally meets the great public’s demand for a middle- weight solo mount that posesses the sturdiness and mechanical perfection of its heavier predecessors. The motor is of the Powerplus type. Side by side valves 234 inch bore and 3146 inch stroke. This gives a piston displacement of 36.38 cubic inches. It actually delivers 1114 h. p. Wonderfully quiet, unusually flexible and easily accessible. The center of gravity is so placed that remarkable ease of control results. And the weight is so correctly distributed, and the saddle position so low, that the balance is perfect. While the reduction in weight makes it 100 pounds lighter than its big brother, the INDIAN Powerplus, nothing has been sacrificed of strength or sturdiness. And no other machine can be operated as economically. 75 miles on a gallon of gasoline, for instance! Go and see the complete line at your INDIAN dealer’s today. Get a practical demonstration of the various models. Choose the machine best suited to your own requirements. HENDEE MANUFACTURING COMPANY Dept. 38, Springfield, Mass. The Largest Motorcycle Manufacturer in the World Write fon FREE Catalog Watch for the details of mechanical supe- riorities of INDIAN Scout Model G-20 and Powerplus to be published here each month.

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A NINES Pe war P ™" To the Country Every Sunday With Your“Worlds Champion’ To your favorite lake or stream or country resort—hunting, fishing, or just touring—every Sunday isareal vacation when you have a Harley-Davidson. The whole countryside is yours to enjoy, for miles mean just pleasant minutes when you ride ‘The World’s Champion.” You will ride it to work and back every day, skimming past the crowds and the street cars; you’ll spin out into the country ’most every evening after supper, and when Satur- day comes—Oh, boy!—over the hills and away you go! Harley-Davidson ‘‘World’s Champion”’ is the cheapest form of quick travel—40 to 60 miles on a gallon of gasoline—its cost of upkeep, fuel and tires should never bother you. Speed? Dependability? Read over the record of recent Harley-Davidson triumphs on track and road and judge for yourself. You appreciate mechanical excellence. Let the Harley-Davidson dealer show you the kind of workmanship that goes into this motorcycle. Ask him about his easy payment plan. Harley-Davidson Motor Co. Milwaukee, Wisconsin ational Cf harry Mart World Champion Harley-Davidson won 200-mile Na- tional Championship at Ascot Speedway, Los Angeles, June 22nd. Won all five places. Harley-Davidson won 200-mile World’s Championship, Mar- ion, Indiana, Sep- tember Ist. Fin- ished first, second, third. Harley-Davidson holds Three-Flag Record (Canada to Mexico) for both Heavy and Medium- Weight machines. Harley-Davidson holds New York to Chicago record. ‘Grow Soup Greens in the Winter Kitchen Garden WINTER kitchen garden sup- plies the home with all kinds of soup-greens and herbs, and since it is Big Profits in Battery Charging with the HB 32- ‘Battery Charger $150 to $350 CLEAR PROFIT a Month With this HB32 Battery Charger You can . ceshenge $2 6-volt auto batteries or equiva- lent in 12- or 24-volt batteries, at one time, for 10c to l5c each. Oustomer pays . 75¢ to $1.59. Small investment Puts This Mone y-Maker in Your nag wench Balance on easy monthly . Outfit Sa for itself, “absolute Money-Ba outs or renewals. Easy operate, Only ‘attention needed is occasional oiling. Write TODAY for full information. HOBART BROTHERS COMPANY Box $123 Troy, Ohio Successful Mfrs. Since 1893 We want every man who shaves to write us for particu- pice. lars about the Vibrating Electric Razor. No matter where you live, in the city or on the farm, the Electric Safety Razor will solve your shaving troubles. An Ideal Christmas Gift for Men VIBRATING ELECTRIC RAZOR CO. Dept. 137, Omaha, Nebr. decays jean tooth meen t c etic Tooth Brush pees phy tac You can enjoy the looks of the plant and also eat it when you are hungry not dependent upon weather condi- tions the plants will not be killed by the frost. The garden consists of a number of flower-pots placed on the sill of the window, and kept from falling by a lath nailed two or three Soe. above the sill. Each flower-pot must, of course, be placed on a saucer—first, to protect the sill from dirty spots, scratches, and stains caused by mois- ture, and secondly for irrigating pur- poses. These pots can be placed in a window-box. One pot of each of the following herbs will usually be sufficient: thyme, When snipping the leaves be sure to cut only one at a time, otherwise the others will die too

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piece of glass x ++ just a bit of sand and of salt r+ exactly combined, carefully melted, skilfully formed and polished —a LENS! —and windows open upon other worlds, too tiny or too far away for naked eyes to see. Mar- velous instruments come to the aid of indus- try, or play their vital part in war, on land or sea or in the.air;. old eyes grow young, and weak eyes strong—all through these wonderful bits of glass called lenses, per- fected by science that men may see better and farther. ¢ The microscope, revealing all around us the swarm- ing life of organisms too small to measure— The telescope lens, through which dim, distant stars draw near, and man explores the age-old mysteries of celestial cycles— The unerring camera lens, through which our modern world writes history in pictures— The projection lens, which translates still or mov- ing pictures from slide or film to screen— Great searchlight mirrors, range-finders, gun-sights, binoculars, periscopes—the eyes of our fleet and our army— Ophthalmic (eyeglass) lenses, which correct eye- sight, and add to life’s richness and comfort— @ Precise and delicate instruments, for exact scien- tific research in many fields. These suggest, but fall far short of measuring the countless services rendered daily to humanity by the world’s largest manufacturers of lenses and optical instruments. Write for literature on any optical product in which you are interested. Bausch & Loms Optica, CoMPANY Makers of Eyeglass and Spectacle Lenses, Photo- graphic Lenses, Microscopes, Balopticons, Binoculars, anw Engineering and other Optical Instruments. Rochester, New York New York : Chicago SanFrancisco Washington London SED

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Beet) ti Ae a a AR SE or NES aa Se etd STW Sai tnctet na tat 8 ESE IIPS WHY THE MORROW HAS A STRAIGHT HUB Se 3 Ghee MOST bicycle riders admire the large, roomy, straight hub of the STURDY, SURE COASTER BRAKE You probably prefer the MORROW because ofits pleasing straight and sturdy lines, But you don’t buy a coaster brake FOR ITS LOOKS. You buy it for WHAT IT WILL DO. And the STRAIGHT HUB permits the Morrow to doits work better than any other type of hub, There is more surface inside a straight hub, than in a concave hub, and, since the braking power in a Morrow is applied to this extra large inner surface of the hub, youhave more braking surface in a Morrow than in any other coaster brake, And as the Morrow has even a larger braking surface than in other concave-hub type brakes this means greater braking power, giving you surer and more positive control of your bike. for t OTrvuw 1 Braking surface 6 3-108q.in.—much lager than other brakes. of dren’ expansion forced equally by two wedges at each end insuring even braking distribution over entire inner hub surface. Bronze brake shoes being softer than hard steel inner surface, grip smooth- ly firmly, surely. 4 For forward pedaling, the Morrow te- sponds instantly and positively. 5 More ball-bearings than otherbrakes, so coasts more easily. 6 The Morrow is strong and sturdy;it will stand hard wear, 7 Ninety-five inspections, followed bya finaltest,guaranteeing perfect service, rosemary, sage,. lavender, balm, tar- ragon and mint... When they are often cut, two pots each of parsley and chives are desirable. These plants do not require a warm place. Usually a cool, frost-free room, ECLIPSE MACHINE COMPANY ELMIRA, NEW YORK —-_ sunverstasuematonnetensnieaeryaNNeROUOneRUSDanneaLeCeeULianteesOEsetseRaMamaerareeacerensiigsstsesevaeeunvenriets cunrevenncettseapess Demand the MORROW on the next Bicycle you Buy ee WRITE TODAY FOR ILLUSTRATED CIRCULAR HARRY A. SMITH, 306-218 North Wells St., Chicago, Ill. $3 AN 2S $4 WILL BUY A Beautiful Reconstructed With Every Modern Writing Convenience Explaining Try-Before-You-Buy Plan S ASSPINS-RINGS DIRECT FROM gin To YoU OUR NEW CATALOG WITH 600 OF THE eer UP-TO-DATE DESIGNS FREE. . K. GROUSE CO. 12 i Ave.. North Attleboro, Mass. Learn Electricity Factories, Stores, etc aig IN3~AMONTHS ~ nap een Dhenos for Fone N to 4|§ fortable sanitary, indoor toilet | No need of taking from 1 so.4l) Society proesctsd Tecan Sold practical institution, Finest equipment. No books. No tion. No special education necessary. ay and evening school. Open all year. Enter any time. Earn while you learn stormy weather. Invaluable for Women classes. All individual instruc-|§ and children in winter. Easily installed in cleaned. Plumbing closet with porcelain Entirely Odoriess emicals and easily dis; Also courses in Drafting, Plumb-|f| Scjentifically ventilated eg DAYS i ing and Motion Picture Operating.|§ of. Approved by U. S. Health Send for free book now. Be sure to state which course interests you Boards o if Health, uand 30 FREE T: RIAL. E TRADE AND ENGINEERING SCHOOL [ff oec5ie"Ghonival Chenu Cen woe Pecttee Dept. 31 39-51 E. Illinois St., Chicago, Ill. Different plants for different soups, all close at hand in the window where they will receive plenty of light, is sufficient for their needs. Should some of the plants die off to the roots, the pots should be placed in a warm window where they will soon sprout. Such annual herbs as summer sa- vory, dill, chervil, basil, etc., should not be forgotten. They can be sown directly in the pot or the seedings can 4e transplanted.—Ernest Babe. To Test for Intake Leaks in the Automobile Manifold OMETIMES the automobile driv- er is troubled with poor carbure- tion, and, not knowing the real cause, invariably places the blame on the carburetor, which usually is function- ing properly. In engines which have the intake manifold bolted to the cylinders, a leak in the joints may occur, due either CHINESE tg a defective PPK washer or a loose bolt. Perhaps there may also , be a sandhole in — the manifold a cn casting. If there In case of leakage at js such a leak, any point the smoke will the guction be suckedintotheengine + Obes of the INTAKE pistons cause a certain quantity of ex- traneous air to be drawn into the com- bustion chamber and become mixed with the gasoline as it is drawn in from the carburetor. This, of course, weakens the mixture. If there is a leak, no matter how minute, it. may be located by lighting a piece of ‘punk and bringing its smoke in proximity with the leak—Huco ENGEL. _ / i —, = J

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a How Over 100,000 Ford Owners Obtained Closed Car Comfort Wherever you go now, you'll find Ford Owners enjoying closed car comfort in the USTUS Limousette. In Northern Canada where blizzards and icy winter winds make driving in an open car prohibitive, the USTUS Limousette is providing cozy, Limousine luxury. In balmy Florida and Southern California, Ford Owners shut out the dust and rain and arrive at their destination as fresh and clean as when they left home. Small Cost—Easily Operated Is it any wonder that over 100,000 Ford Owners praise the USTUS Limousette? And when Ford Owners con- sider its small cost in the face of soaring prices today, they are thoroughly convinced of the desirability of own- ing this practical utility. Another desirable feature of the USTUS Limousette is the ease with which it can be converted into a closed or Oren car. Just a light touch operates the roller windows. It is not necessary for the Driver to leave his seat from behind the wheel to convert his open Ford car into a storm-proof limousine. DAFOE-EUSTICE COMPANY, Inc., 1193 W. Jefferson Ave., Chicago Offices: 35 S. Dearborn ATLANTA, GEORGIA Hammond-Elliot Co. 23 Peachtree Arcade BALTIMORE, MD. Backus Motor Co. BLOOMINGTON, ILL. Dayton Keith CAMBRIDGE, MAss. Spg’d Com. Body Co. 80 Charles River Rd. CHICAGO, ILLINOIS Rue Motor Co. 2443 S. Michigan Ave, CLEVELAND, OHIO Ohio Auto Equip. Co. Marion Bidg. DALLAS, TEXAS Morriss Brothers DEs MOINEs, IOWA Herring Motor Co. Detroit, MICH. J. G. Hays Sales Co. 1162 Penobscot Bdg. Farco, N. DAKOTA Harrison Dist’g. Co. Distributors ForT WoRTH, TEX. Hubb Diggs Company rtson & Pearson Cor. N. Main & Wood INDIANAPOLIS, IND. Indiana Tractor Co. Los ANGELES, CAL. Shuger Mfg. Co. 1002 S. Los Angeles St. MILWAUKEE, WIS. Wis. Body and Sales Co. 418 Cedar St. MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. McAfee Specialty Co. 914 Mary Place MONTREAL, QUE. Northern Electric Co. Branches in Principal Canadian Cities NEw YORK CITY Ustus Corporation of New YORK 1778 Broadway OKLAHOMA CITY Smith & Yancey 116 West Second Features of the USTUS Limousette for Fords Provides closed car comfort in bad weather. Is combined with standard Ford body and top without alterations. Eliminates inconveniences of awkward side Used With Standard Cord Top sti": Instantly converted into open or closed The USTUS Limousette weighs only 40 pounds—in- car. Gives clear vision from front or sides. sures clear vision, front and sides, and a Ford can be equipped with it in an hour. nection with Ford body and top without alterations: Also it is used in con- It will pay you to know more about the USTUS Limou- sette for Fords. The USTUS Dealer in your town will be glad to demonstrate its advantages. Better see him promptly or write to your nearest Dis- Manufacturers Detroit, Mich. Peter N. Jans, Mgr. PITTSBURGH, PA. Coon-MeGraw Sales 50., Inc., Bessemer Bldg. RICHMOND, VA. Universal Motor Co. 1012 W. Broad St. SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. H. V. Carter Motor Co. 724 Van Ness Ave. SAN ANTONIO, TEX. Waller Imp’t. Co. SPRINGFIELD, ILL. a Auto Sales 0. SEATTLE, WASH. Feldman and Joffee les Co. 314 Boston Block SPRINGFIELD, .MAss. Spg’d Com. Body Co. St. Louis, Mo. Walsh Motor Car Co. 4919 Delmar Ave. SALT LAKE CITY Western Rubber Sales Co., 134 E. Broadway tributor for further information. Orders must be placed now to assure an early delivery. We cannot build Limousettes fast enough to meet the tremendous demand of Ford Owners. FOR FORDS Pat. Appa. For sage ere * The Price is only $46 for Touring Car; $30 for Roadster, f. o. b. Detroit The Dafoe-Eustice Company, Inc., also manufactures the line of USTUS guaranteed, protective canvas covers and USTUS Auto- motive specialties of canvas and imitation leather. There is a guaranteed.USTUS cover. for every. purpose. . Send for catalog.

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THE IDEAL UPHOLSTERY FABRIC Chase Leatherwove affords unlimite i servi —a tough. rich-appearing, scientifically-prepare’ material for all kinds of upholstery purposes. Positively weatherproof—fast in color A * 1 can be easily clear High costs and scarcity of eather need cause you no worry. 1 Chase Leatherw is ki genuine leather—just as practical bax ice good looking — especially serviceable. equally as Many patterns and grades. Write for Samples. Learn in Spare Time to be a CIVIL ENGINEER Earn $1500 to $5000 Yearly Hefe's your big chance to he- come a full fledged Civil Engineer! With this set of books you can fit yourself to make big money, in the greatest outdoor profession on earth! Offer fully explained in cou- oe ge = in boundaries of .Great Books Shipped FREE ~S i * > FS0c A WEEK. [aig hey, tem after 7 dave -~ Nine big leather-bound volumes; 3,900 pages, 0 inches; «8,000 plates, maps, diagrams, etc. vy ritven by world’s greatest ,clvil engineers. Books tell you ALL ABOUT surveying; high- 4, ‘way construction; railway ee 3 work; specifica- j-tions; estimating contracts; bridge engineering; masonry; greinforced concrete; water supply; sewers and ‘drains; wal “Power equipment; irrigation engineering--etc., etc. Written ;- simple language--every point made plain, Consulting rvice Free f- A $12 Consulting Memb: roblems fora whole year. FREE ith » X.. ay of | _ wastes ‘ SEND NO MONEY--JUST THE COUPON! American Technical , Society Dept.C-209,Chicago,U.S.A. Please send Library of Civil En- , gineering for seven i ation, express collect. 00 with will send f $2.00 within seven days -00 a eu and hold bocks eabiect’ ts your cokes ‘0 OOKS subjec' . Tithe not to pass.until fully paid. ice Address.seees SOSCSOSSSTHTTS ESSE SEES SESESEE®S . References serve POPC SOCEEOO SECO OOOO ES OOSESEEeererene OT A RAR s’ examin-" Here’s a real bargain! We have just purchased 1000 STEEL BODIES Built for Overseas Service Have passed U. S. Army inspection Net Weight 190 Lbs. Width inside 5014” Length inside 6414” Depth inside 9” Bottom rcinforced across narrow width with five inverted prc:cod steel 16 gage rivcted channcls, spot welded. | Costthe U.S. Govern: :ent $22 Each Our Price, each, £. o. b. while they last $9 0 St. Louis Can be used for a v-riety of purposes, including: TRUCK OR TRAILER BODIES TRAYS FOR MACHINE PARTS TRANSFER AND STORAGE BINS MORTAR BOXES AND PANS MIXING TRAYS OF ALL KINDS SKIPS, SHELVING, ETC., ETC. Send us your order quick—today, before they are all gone. Walter A. Zelnicker Supply Co. 325 Locust St. St. Louis Conceal the Ironing-Board in a Table ERY little ingenuity is necessary to make a combination ironing- board and table from an ordinary kitchen table. After securing four small hinges, re- move the top of the t: ble and screw 4 = 77 RONING BOARD \ SUPPORTING POST —> 4 When through ironing, lift the table-cover and fold the ironing-board underneath it the hinges in place, as shown in the illustration. This will allow the top of the table to swing back. Cut the ironing-board the proper length to fit inside the table, and set the second pair of hinges in place. A hinged stand can be fastened to the board so that it will rest on the floor - and support the board when in posi- tion for ironing. Lengths of wood are cleverly placed in a manner to conceal the ironing- board when it rests beneath the table-top. Of course the table acts as part of the ironing-board, and the attachment must be so constructed that it will present an even surface when the iron is passed over it.— J. W. Moore. To Prevent Inked Lines from Blotting ERE is a wrinkle that will prove a great time-saver to draftsmen who have to connect up a number of points with short lines, such as in draw- ing a highway cross-section. It is usually necessary to allow one . line to dry before another is drawn, in CROSS SECTION LEVELS fRIANGLE IN PLACE OVER WET LINE No more blotting inked lines if you follow this idea in working on a_ plan order to avoid smearing the wet lines of the drawing. If a protractor is placed under the triangle, the latter may be adjusted over the lines just drawn without touching them.—PavuL FEATHERSTON.

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To Owners of AC-Equipped Cars Is your engine running as smoothly or as powerfully as you have the right to expect? 7

The Standard Spark Plug of the World If not, ask yourself whether you have played fair with the manufacturer of the car you drive. Do you always insist that your dealer give you AC Spark. Plugs when you ask for them,—or do you permit him to sell you | 7 something ‘‘just as good’’? The manufacturer of your car chose AC Spark Plugs asstandard equipment because he found AC Spark Plugs best suited to the needs of his product. His choice was the result of exacting tests conducted by his chief engineers—tests - in which all other plugs had the oppor- tunity to qualify. | If your car is listed below you will know ; that its maker has selected AC Spark : Plugs as standard equipment. | The manufacturer knows how important the proper spark plug is in the successful functioning of his engine. Profit by his experience; follow his judgment; always f demand and get AC Spark Plugs. t ll No matter what car you drive you can n secure an AC Spark Plug that has been specially designed for it. For there are various types of AC Spark Plugs designed x

ni e for every make and style of engine. re Champion Ignition Company 4 ° . n FLINT, <MMichigan of Ve ne In Ss e _ ___ ee = m - These manufacturers use AC Spark Plugs for factory equipment Acason Trucks Bullock Creeping-Grip Essex Jordan Mitchell Pierce-Arrow Stearns-Knight Ace Trucks Tractors Fairmont Railway umbo Trucks Moline-Knight Pilot Stearns Tractors Acme Trucks Cadillac Motors Kalamazoo Trucks Moreland Trucks Pioneer Tractors Sterling Engines R i J. I. Case T. M. Co. Federal Trucks Kearns Trucks Napoleon Trucks Porter Sterling Trucks Advance-Rumely Chaimers Frontmobile Kent Concrete Mixers Nash Premier Stewart Trucks Tractors Chandler F-W-D Trucks Keystone Trucks lational Ranger.Trucks Stoughton.Trucks Ahrens Fox Fire Trucks Chevrolet Gary Trucks Cissel Kar elson Red Wing Thorobred Strau nés American-La France Chicago Trucks Genco Light <leiber Trucks Nelson Tractors Motors Sullivan Trucks Anderson Clark Tractors Glide <lemm Trucks Nelson & Le Moon Reo Super Trucks Apex Trucks G. B. S. Motors Knox Tractors Trucks Re Vere Swartz Lighting Plants Apperson Cleveland G. M. C. Trucks Koehler Trucks Netco Trucks Riker Trucks S-S-E-Co. Appleton Tractors Cole Gramm-Bernstein K-Z Trucks Noble Trucks Roberts Motors Tiffen Trucks Atco Trucks Comet Trucks La Crosse Tractors Oakland Robinson Fire Trucks Titan Trucks low Auburn Commonwealth Gray Dort Lalley-Light Old Reliable Trucks Rock Falls Tower Trucks Austin Manufacturing Conestoga Trucks Hackett Liberty Oldsmobile Rowe Trucks Trego Motors lan Co, ~ Continental Motors T Locomobile Oneida Trucks Rutenber Motors Union Marine Engines Avery Tractors Crane-Simplex Hahn Trucks Maccar Trucks Owens Light & Power Samson Tractors United Trucks Bates Steel Mule Trac- Daniels Hall Trucks Maibohm Plants Sandow Trucks Universal Trucks tors Davis - arvey Trucks Marmon —_< Sanford Trucks hn pene 3 Motors Beck-Hawkeye Trucks Defiance Truc atfield a Saxon eerac ors hes Bessemer Trucks Delco-Light aynes peace ae Trucks 229 Scripps-Booth Vim Trucks Betz Trucks Denby Trucks (Canada) Herschell-Spillman axe re S$ Pan-American Scripps Motors Wallace Tractors Braddon Diamond T Trucks Hisp Suiza Maytag Parker Trucks Seagrave Fire Trucks Ward La France Trucks the Brie¢s & Stratton Mo- Diehl! Trucks Holt Tractors McLaughlin (Canada) Paterson Seneca ‘estcott tor Wheel (Formerly Dodge Brothers Howell Tractors Menominee Trucks _ patriot Trucks Signal Trucks White ted Smith) Dort Hudson Meteor Messtete Singer Whitney Tractors Brockway Trucks Duesenberg Motors Hupmobile Midland Trucks ‘ } Speedway Motors Wichita Trucks out Buffalo Motors Eagle Tractors Hurlburt Trucks Midwest Engines Perfect Power Sprayers Standard ‘*8”’ Wisconsin Motors Buick Elmira Independent Trucks Minneapolis Motors Phianna Standard Trucks Woiverine Tractors ON. U. 8. Pat. No. 1,135,727, April 13, 1915, U. S. Pat. No. 1.216,139, Feb. 13, 1917, Other Patents Pending

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TO Oe Meee ee fil iPad 0d oI oF il Se es eh ee 4 ry writ sas carts CURE ME Sania GS a AR oe ene Se Cee ee en The trade-mark on the products of Security HATEVER the need for locks of unquestioned se- curity; whatever the need for devices of utility, protection and economical operation (typi- fied in the Yale Chain Block, Yale Door Closer and “Autometric” Carburetor); whatever the de- mand for reliability and dependa- bility—wherever a better product for a definite purpose is essential there you will find “Yale.” Built upon definite ideals, the continuing accepted leadership of this company in its field is reflected in every product digni- fied with the trade-mark “Yale.” Look forthetrade-mark “Yale” —it is your guarantee of origin and quality. THEYALE& Towne Mrc.Co. Makers of the Yale Lock 9 East 40th Street, New York City Chicago Office: 77 East Lake Street Canadian Yale & Towne Ltd, St. Catharines, Ont. When you are in New York or Chicago visit our Exhibit Rooms. You will be cordially welcomed. tightly around the shaft, How to Repair a ‘‘Pinched’”’ Radiator Hose RADIATOR hose that has col- lapsed because of excessive heat or other conditions is very simple to repair, provided you know how. Secure a piece of stiff wire, and clamp one end of it together with a piece of shafting in a vise. Twist the wire Pinched radiator hose can be per- manently repaired in this manner. The spring will cause it to inflate again pushing each turn down firmly on the preced- ing one. In this way make a coil- spring several inches longer than the “pinched” portion of the hose. Inflate this part of the hose and insert the coil-spring. It will hold the hose in its original shape and there will be no more collapsing. The diameter of the shafting around which the wire is bent should be small enough to allow the outside diameter of the spring to be the inside diameter of the hose. If it fits the hose snugly it will give no trouble. — Davip BaAxTER. A One-Piece Paper Box that Has Many Advantages UPERIOR to the two-piece card- board box now in use is this one- piece folding box invented by H. E. Cole for the department-store trade. On a box of this design measuring 11 by 173 by 23 in. there would be a saving of one square foot of cardboard. The forms are stamped from a flat piece of cardboard and the boxes A new paper box that requires very little storage space; it is made in one piece made up as needed. The flat stamp- ings naturally require very little-storage-| --f space. The glued paper used for sealing boxes can be utilized to great ad- vantage on this kind of box, for it prevents the box from coming apart unless it is completely crushed. I have over 365 different type sets, including all languages, from this note size to the follow- ing extended type for HEADLINES I put the same Power of Emphasis into the written word that ora- tory puts into the spoken word, *“*Just turn the Knob’’ and emphasize. Two type sets always on each ma-— chine. I am the HAMMOND Standard ‘‘Writing Machine’’ * I work for Kings and Queens. I work for the President of the United States. I work for the Authors who play upon your heart strings at will. I work for the Clergymen who thrill you with their eloquence. I work for Big Business Executives—I help to extend trade to every quarter of the Globe. I am a machine, they say, yet I have an individuality that is strictly personal. I “speak” ever language from Eskimo Indian to Kata Kana Japanese. I use “speak” advisedly, because I literally make your writing talk— I have shown you a few proofs of my versatility in the various types above. You will agree that no other typewriter can do what I do. Therefore, write to- day for the story of all the wonders I perform. Just ask for this free pamphlet *‘‘How President Wilson Fright- ened the Lords at Midnight’’ dre ess The a Typewriter Co. 639 East 69th Street New York City ‘BOWLEGSandKNOCK-KNEES' UNSIGHTLY = [7 \4 SEND FOR BOOKLET SHOWING PHOTOS { OF MEN WITH AND WITHOUT The Perfect Leg ld aa ACen Look and wear like diamonds. Bril- t yy “ae liancy guaranteed forever. Stand file, pe in", acid and fire like diamonds. Have no Z le foil or backing. Set only in 14 karat wat € solid’ gold mountings. About 1-80th the Amarvelous Je CARAT fan) eorn__wil cat glass. Ga 3d not an in | and to contain ne glass. n we ect to examination. rite today fer Remoh Jewelry Co., g38 Washington Ave., St. Louis, Mo. SIMPLE WIRELESS INSTRUMENTS AND HOW TO MAKE THEM. An elementary book in the principles, construction, and use of an arc system of wireless telephony. Tliustrated, Price postpaid $.25. Book Department, 225 West 39th Street, New York City. LN A RO ER, AEE IIL Hg 5, STi Bf Kt til m er au G ea m ry

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f é { i PEO Catch a Barber Shaving Himself Lye you ever catch a barber shaving himself? He was using the Genco type of razor on himself, just as he does on everybody else, wasn’t he? All professionals shave with razors that can be stropped. They know that only a freshly stropped blade gives a clean, cool shave. Anybody Can Strop a GENCO Razor It’s designed to strop. The broad back, concave surface, and slight supporting bulge backing up its edge makeit meet the strop at just the correct angle. A few easy strokes and there it is with a truly business-like edge. Save the time and money in shaving that every barberdoes. Use the type of razor that every barber uses. Go to your dealer and look at Genco Razors. The dealer will show you that anyone can strop them. If your dealer hasn’t Genco Razors, we will supply you. But whether he or we supply you, you’re guaranteed shaving satisfac- tion, because—““GEeNco Razors must make good or we will.” GENEVA CUTLERY CORPORATION 47 Cates Avenue Geneva, New York Largest Exclusive Manufacturers of High- Grade Razors in the World CoQ Reg. U. S. Pat. Off Mave you ever stro pped a blade scien tifically designed to stro; m4 bisde made with a broad, firm back, hollow d swelling into a sligh meet the strop at just the correct angieto ‘aaoure Butane -baving edge.

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Sen RSTO ew: SALONS REE PENS LTS A POETIC ALO Ot 2 Emergencies Take precautions when the accident occurs. The germ is mightier than the sword. Keep New-Skinon hand and useit prompt- ly as directed. “Never Neglect a Break in the Skin”’ Prevents Those Big Drops When you roll up to one of the jumping off places it’s comforting to know you have Garco Asbestos Brake Lin- ing on your brake drums. The tough, enduring structure of Garco—specially selected as- bestos; strong, fine wire; gripping friction compound —gives to your brakes a dependability that puts confidence in your driving. There’s a Garco Dealer near you. General Asbestos & Rubber Co. Charleston, S. C. NEW YORK CHICAGO PITTSBURGH A Container that Protects Milk from the Cold T is provoking to get up on a cold winter morning and find that the milk left by the milkman in the early hours has either frozen solid or is extending an inch beyond the neck of the bottle. This has been overcome by a Chicago man, who has constructed a milk- container that will keep the milk at the proper temperature for the break- fast table. The device consists of a wooden box divided into two compartments, one to hold the milk and the other contain- ing two sixty-watt lamps to furnish the required heat. The cabinet is The electric light contained in the ap- paratus keeps the milk from freezing further lined with asbestos to aid in keeping out the cold. The compart- ment holding the milk has a series of small grooves in the bottom to permit of better circulation of heat around the bottle. A small glass window in the door of the compartment contain- ing the lamps enables one to see, with- out opening the door, whether or not the lamps are burning. The whole apparatus works on much the same priniciple as the refrigerator, the dif- ference being the application of heat instead of cold. When the milkman delivers the milk he simply pushes the button of the switch operating the lamps and goes on his way. When the milk is taken out the current is switched off. The cost of operating the cabinet is almost negligible-—RosBert H. Moutrton. The Way to Tell if Your Car Is Going to Freeze EING the ‘‘Weather Man” in my city, people often call me up and ask, “Will my car freeze up in my garage tonight?” Of course I can tell what the out- door temperature is likely to be; but the difference between that and the temperature of the interior of a garage depends: -on~the~-construction--ef the building in question. To determine exactly what such differences would be, I made a series of observations, by means of a minimum thermometer, 4000 New Ideas Where Do You Get Them All? “Where does Popular Science Monthly get all those wonderful pictures and all those new ideas P” That is what everyone asks. This issue is typical of each of the twelve numbers in the year’s subscription of Popular Science Monthly. A vast amount of new and in- teresting material will appear in Popular Science Monthly in 1920. You get 4000 new ideas and 4000 pictures, covering all the new inventions and discov- eries—twelve big, fascinating vital books, for only $2.00. Popular Science Monthly pre- sents the new ideas in inven- tions and discoveries vividly, briefly, with wond erful illustra- tions and in plain English. It makes science popular with everybody. It makes you think. The: Man Who Thinks Is The Man Who Succeeds Cut This Out UAAUUEUUNNUNOUUUUUUUUUUEERSOOONOOQUUUUUUUUENUENONOGESOUUUUUUUUOEOEOOOOOOOUOUUUUUEENNOOGOGOUQUUUUUGSS0¢008000001 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 225 West 39th St., New York, Enclosed $2.00. Please send Popular Science Monthly for one year to Seem m meee meee reese ees ereserererereeesesesesererere SE. crcl Vasncv pun suls seawtaepe sis eonrtnacte sbaGae aes (street) Pewee eee hee eH ewes ee ee ee es eeeresesertanseeee® (city and state)

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All Sizes and Styles Money-Back Cartridges U. S. Cartridges are sold with the broadest guarantee ever made on ammunition. It is simply this: If you don’t like them, get your money. back. We have authorized every dealer who carries U. S. Cartridges to refund, on demand. the price of the whole box to anyone who doesn’t like them, and returns the unused part of the box. CARTRIDGES For all makes of firearms There is no .22 Long Rifle cartridge as accurate at distances from 50 to 250 yards as U.S. .22 N. R.A. Long Rifle Lesmok Cartridges. This is 50 more yards of accuracy than has hitherto been possible with .22 rim- fire ammunition. Solid bullet for target work. Hollow- point bullet for small game. Cost no more. Send for a copy of The U. S. Game Law Book — Free. UNITED STATES CARTRIDGE COMPANY, 111 Broadway, New York General Selling Agents: National Lead Company, Boston, Buffalo, Cleveland, Chicago, St. Louis, Cin- cinnati; United d Company, New York, Philadelphia; National Lead and Oil Company, Pittsburgh; James Robertson Lead Co., Baltimore; American Smelters Securities Co., San Francisco; Hingston-Smith Arms Co., Winnipeg; John Hallam, Ltd., Toronto. We make exactly the same guarantee with JS 7m BLACK SHELLS You can get your pet load in smokeless or black powder in The Black Shells and your money back if you want it. Thousands of shoot- ers claim they take less “lead,” shoot closer, with The Black Shells because they are as quick as light- ning. They are posi- tively waterproof too.

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in two garages in my neighborhood. The first observations were taken during a week of rather warm winter weather in a typical frame garage, which was not plastered, but boarded up with shiplap and siding. On the south side of the structure was a large double door, which fitted none too tightly, on the west a small door with SAT SUN ™M Tu WwW TH F_ SAT 40° 35° 2 ° INS! NSIDE P58 OUTDOORS~j5° ° te)

The difference between the outdoor temperature and that of a frame garage does not vary appreciably glass in its upper half, and on the north a small window. The other garage was very warmly built, as garages go, being of stucco consisting of three coats of cement, and ceiled all over inside. The large sliding door on the north fitted so loosely that snow sifted in one night; but the door on the east and the small windows on the south and west fitted very well. During the week in which SAT SUN SUN M Tu Ww TH F

The temperature in a stucco garage was found to average fourteen degrees warmer than outdoors observations were taken in this garage the temperatures were very much lower. In the frame garage the difference varied from half a degree to six de- grees warmer inside the garage than outdoors, with an average of two and a half degrees, while in the stucco ga- rage it varied from ten to twenty de- grees, or an average of fourteen de- grees warmer.—G. A. LOVELAND. A Rubber Disk Stopper Will Prevent Evaporation O prevent evaporation from moisture entering wide-necked screw-top bottles, such as show-card colors and library paste are sold in, the following remedy is suggested: Cut a rubber disk out of an old hot- -water-sbottle;; rubber--shee, :.or. other. piece of scrap rubber, and insert it in place of the cardboard disk that comes in the cover of the container. By taking this precaution the con- tents of the bottle will be kept in perfect condition.— A. B. WEGEUER.

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k — D A k —the gift that helps to make her Christmas merry —then keeps a picture story of the Christmas merriment. EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY, Rocussrer, N. Y., The Kodak City

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I EPEND on The Hf Florsheim Shoe ‘| in these days of uncer- | tain values and you ‘| can be sure of a defi- | nite standard of style, || quality and comfort. HW Bi Consider the wear, | not the price per pair. Look for the quality | mark “Florsheim.” | The Florsheim Shoe | Wt Company WF CHICAGO, U, S. A. Write for booklet “Styles of the Times” Wit! The Tulane— el TRAF F1iC INSPECTORS TRAVEL THE COUNTRY $110 a Month at the Start 4 The attractive life of the Railway Traffic In- hy r,and the splendid salary, make this e ideal rofession for the ambitious young nspectors wor! ily with railway officials for the p ion 0} bog traveling public. They travel with ac modations in keeping with the responsibility of their work. The Demand Today Is Great i Capable men are needed for Ans and Forge to the men who can grasp» to th top. We place men with’ the Traffic Inspectors, first training them in tt in theres the work. Our ua’ ‘i Our course is easy to learn during spare time. nly a common schoo! education necessary for entrance. Send in the a pe Coupon for Booklet—with full information = Waiting will never bring you a better position than this $8 Training Institute, Buffalo, N. Y. eae S OPPORTUNITY COUPON _____. i Standard Business Training Institute i an Buffalo, N. Y. ase send me Booklet.)-92 expla: wonr Railway Traffic ict D-98 explaining HOW TO MAKE WIRELESS INSTRUMENTS. A little book that fully describes the construction of spark wireless instruments and apparatus. Just or eat for the amateur. [llustrated, Price post- $.25. Book Department, Popular Science Rientniy, 225 West 39th Street, New York City. $5,000 Scholarship Offer Seniors, Do You Want a $500 Scholarship? Read Popular Science Monthly’s Conditions HESE Scholarships are open to Seniors in all High Schools and Private Schools in the United States, as explained below. Names of Candidates, giving their school and their home address, must be mailed to the Scholarship Committee, Popular Science Monthly, 225 West 39th Street, New York City, by thée-prineipal or headmaster of the school on or before February 1, 1920. | The Scholarships will be awarded to the candidates passing highest in the examination on the important new scientific inventions and discoveries which have been outlined in the PopuULAR SclENCE MONTHLY’s Service Sheets during the current school year. This examination will be given in the candi- dates’ own school during the last week in May, 1920. Winners of the Scholarships may select any Technical School, College, or University that they wish to attend. The $5,000 will be divided into ten Scholarships of $500 each. One Scholar- ship of $500 will be awarded to one student in each of the following groups of States: NEW ENGLAND GROUP: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachu- _ setts, Rhode Island, Connecticut. NEW YORK GROUP: New York City and State. NEW JERSEY AND PENNSYLVANIA GROUP: New Jersey and Pennsylvania. MID-ATLANTIC GROUP: Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee. SouTH ATLANTIC GRouP: North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Porto Rico. GREAT LAKES GROUP: Ohio, Indiana, Michigan. CENTRAL GROUP: Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota. PRAIRIE GROUP: Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, North Dakota. SouTH CENTRAL GROUP: Arkansas, Mississippi, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Texas. WESTERN GROUP: Wyoming, Montana, Colorado, New Mexico, Idaho, Utah, Arizona, Washington, Oregon, Nevada, California, Hawaiian Islands. Nature of the Examination. The examination will be based on the topics in the Teachers’ Service Sheets of POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY for the months of December, 1919, to and including June, 1920. The questions will be prepared by a committee of well-known educators who will determine the winners from the answers sent in by the various candidates. The candidate passing highest in the examination in his group will be declared the winner of the $500 scholarship for that group. The examination papers will be sent to the Principal of each school in which pupils are to compete. The papers will be sent in a sealed envelope, which must be opened in the presence of the candidates. The Principal of a school-whose pupils are contestants will be required to make a-signed declaration that, to the best of his knowledge and belief, the conditions of holding the examination were fully carried out, and that none of the candidates received any aid in answering any of the questions. The’ purpose in giving these scholarships is to popularize science in our schools by encouraging the students to apply their class-room work to the © practical problems of the outside world. The POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY reserves the right to publish the answers together with the names and photographs of the winners of these Scholar- _ ships. Scholarship Committee Popular Science Monthly 225 West 39th St., New. York

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Blue Buckle OVéFAI|s EGULAR man-job-overalls—that’s what you'll call Blue Buckles! You never wore a be Stro ng ; work-rig that struck you right in so many ways as do Blue Buckles! f Blue Buckles, first of all, are cut generously big Or and roomy. That’s why they’re so comfortable, 99 and one reason why they last so long! Oversize V \ O Tr k at the strain-point saves the garment! Made by the best Union Workmanship, Blue Buckle OverAlls and Coats are perfection from the ideal wear-weight indigo-blue denim down to the smallest manufacturing detail. Blue Buckles are built to give a great service job and to make their return to you far exceed their cost. Jobbers OverAll Co., Inc., Lynchburg, Va. ee Largest manufacturers AEE of overalls in the world. — TRADE MARK RegU.S. Pet, Ofg

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sia “Eases sates” Va Learn to Fill BIGGER Shoes! O matter what kind of work you are doing now, a set of these great home study books will quickly fit you for a bigger and better paying job. We will send any set you select for one week’s free ex- amination, and if you want to keep them you pay only the special reduced price, at the rate of 50 cents a week. - This is your opportunity to make more money—grasp it NOW. Use these books and a little spare time and LEARN TO FILL BIGGER SHOES. Pay-Raisiné Books at Greatiy Reduced Prices Carpentry and Contracting, 5 volumes, 2138 pages, 1000 pictures, Was $25.00................ Now $19.80 Civil Engineering, 9 volumes, 3900 pages, 3000 ictures. Was $45.00 "Now 29.80 Fire he agg em and Insurance, 4 volumes, 1500 pictures, EE ‘Now 15.80 Electrival Es Engineering, 8 volumes, 3000 es, ead Was 00 ow 24.80 Automobile Engineering, 6 volumes, 2600 pages, pictures. ow 19.80 Machine Shep pineiee @ 2500 pictures. Was $30. volumes, 2300 pages, Pictures. Was $30.00.............sccccsssccsesses Now 19.80 — and Gas Engineering, é volumes, ang es, 2500 pictures. Was $35.00 21.80 Tele phi ~g d Tel h 4 oe Rc aactd — = an elegra ° vo. * Skiasea - as $20.00 ss shieaeschdioainal 14.80 Sanitation, Heating and "Vontiintine, 4 vi. 1400 pictures. __ eae, Now Drawing, 4 volumes, 1578 pages, 1000 pictures, —. prints, ete. Was $20.00. 14.80 t Shipped for '7 Days’ Trial Write the name of the books you want on them’ just as if they were your own for a whole week. If you decide you don’t want to keep them, If you like the books, as thousands of other men have after examination,

Law ‘and Practice (with readi course). 3 v vol- pages, illustrated ed. “Was $72 i as $20. 14.80 pence Accounting, 4 volumes, 1840 pages, 800 pictures, etc. Was $20.00 Now 14.80 the-coupon and mail it today. We will send the books at once, express collect, and you can use send them back at our expense. the special reduced eae the oe way—$2.00 each a 1 GO cents a week). right now and learn to all ib ger ay There will tter job lookin ro i ‘if you do. Be rea meet it when it comes, ean the coupon now. American Technical Society Dept. X- 209 , Chicago American Technical Society, Dept. X-209, Chicago, U.S.A. Please send me set of {

] for 7 DAYS’ apenieation, shipping charges collect. | I will examine the boo! ks thoroughly and, if satisfied, will send $2 within 7 = and $2 each month until i have paid the special price of $ If I decide } not to keep the books I will return them at your ex- ; pense at the end of one week. Title not to pass to me t until the set is fully paid for. dt seererccssecscces

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bth. 100 eee ove — a an a a a a a a ST

Show-Window Tire Contest Attracted Customers PROGRESSIVE and energetic tire dealer in a Middle Western town made a special effort to attract the attention of the public to his line of goods. On a display stand in his window he rigged up an automobile wheel carrying on its rim the tire he sold. By means of a small motor and borrowed worm-gear step-down mechanism, he was able to reduce the speed of the wheel to about fifty revo- lutions a minute. A round leather belt ran from the pulley of the worm- gear to the back hub of the wheel, which was dished, then through a slot in the floor to the driving mechanism below. The wheel was rigged to a speed- ometer with its face hid from the pub- lic. A display card announced that a new tire would be given to the person

GLASS FRONT WHEEL ON EXHIBITION SPEEDOMETER — BACK FROM SIGHT WHEEL STAND

SLOT IN FLOOR WORM GEAR STEP DOWN MECHANISM

MOTOR Dap

STREET This novel tire display for a show window will attract ad- ditional customers to your store who came closest to guessing the read- ing of the speedometer at the end of the week. The number of new customers se- cured more than paid for the expense of the display.— DaLz Van Horn. Why Not Make Your Own Solid Alcohol? OR household use solid alcohol is fast replacing the liquid article, as it. can be handled without danger in an open container. At present there are numerous brands on the market; yet none of these are better than that which can be made in the home at a cost much less than that of the com- mercial article. To one pint of denatured alcohol add as much stearic acid as will dis- solve in it while the mixture is gently heated. Add a few drops of phenol- phthalein solution, mix thoroughly with the melt, and add, drop by drop, enough of a strong sodium hydroxide solution to give the melt a faint pink color. Let it cool and harden in a flat pan, and after the mass has so- lidified cut into cubes.

Your “Gas” and ALL Your Trouble Evidence!—‘‘I showed 32.3 miles on Maxwell demonstration with U. & J. Carburetor— 3242 — ee gallon with F M. E. <n Berry, Ia. U. & J. CARBURETOR Doubles Mileage — Guaranteed to start car in Zero weather—No Priming. Entirely NEW principle—not a moving part—Simple. Has the Pep and Power. 50,000 delighted users. Now ready for Ford, Dodge, Maxwell and Overland. 15-DAY FREE TRIAL Money-back Guarantee DEALERS— Service Stations, Salesmen: The “U. & J.” sells on demonstration—in- stalled in thirty minutes—some good open territory. U. & J. FORD TIMER will last as long as the car. Price $1.75. U. & J. CARBURETOR CO. Dept.208—507 W. Jackson Bivd., CHICAGO

EASIEST SHORTHAND Learn in S evenings home study; then acquire speed with K. 1. Short- hand. Amazingly simple, easy. Ap- proved by experts. Write dictation, messages, etc., as spoken, afterbrief, pleasantpractice. Favor- ite method oe personal use; make notes at lectures, meetings; keep confidential “diary: Big help ‘in any ‘ profession or business: aid in your . Used in Army, Navy, courts, commercial schools; | by public and private stenogra- phers, Trencher Slight cost. K.1. Shorthande-for busy people, including YOU. ‘Proot Lessons, Guarantee and Brochure with Testimonials free. postpaid. Address : KINGINSTITUTE, EH-1838, Station F, NEW YORK CITY 7 Learn How to Write H There isa big % Short Stories 1°: i822, stories, ites, phetoplays and feature articles. You can | to write at my in ne time, Sack conden said so. He and oth t writers have Xia dorsed our home study rgd urse in and takes only a few of yor spare hours. Write for free book 34,22¢*i9,f ou; Lint Hoosier Institute, S.S. Dept 1201

ited Intro- obligations. Ft. Wayne, ind.

tage Work and Cabaret Entertaining successfully taught by mail. Your opportunity to enter fascina- ting, money-making prof: world—as ergy — or actress, . complete ‘essional Course —only one of its fa king COVERS "A ALL LBRANCHES. Develops Personality, Confidence, Skill and tells you just ~ how to get on the Stage. Send 6c postage for illus- trated booklet ‘‘Al About Vaudeville.” State age and occupation. Frederic LaDelle, Sta.275, Jackson,Mich. The Police Key is as serviceable as a whole bunch of ordinary keys; opens almost everything; every house- owner should have one. Sent postpaid on receipt of 20 cents, three for 50 cents. Safety Key Holder free with every key. Sharpe Mfg. Co., Paterson, N. J.

THE CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL ALTERNATING CURRENT MOTORS, By A. E. Watson, Professor of: Electricity, Brown University. This book contains complete instruction for building small alternating current motors in several sizes. The designs are in harmony with the best manufacturers and can be worked out by the amateur for making use- ful instruments. Price postpaid $1.00. Book Department, Popular Science Monthly, 225 West 39th Street, New York City.

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Gr” AKING awkward © angles out of the early Christmas morn- ig atmosphere! OW that low-on-luck feeling will peel off Ais mind when the happy-handout-happens Christmas morning; and, his keen eye sights the stage all set with the pound crystal glass humidor of Prince Albert tobacco gowned in the glories of a radiant holiday rainbow! Turkey takes to the tall timbers compared with the all-star-feast you spread so temptingly before his smokeappetite! PRINCE ALBERT, for Christ- / mas, lands on a man’s tank-of- thanks like a spill-of-snow when the sleigh-bells are rusty from lack of jingles! P. A. as a man gift is the high-sign, the last word, the directest route to his comfort, his contentment, his smoke-happiness! It’s the touch- that-lifts-the-lid; that takes the awk- ward angles out of the evergreen-and- national Christmas joy smoke holly atmosphere and makes the whole family on both sides think and talk in one language! OU’LL enjoy seeing fim fuss his old jimmy pipe, all-brimful with Prince Albert! Or, getting his “rolling his own!” Never was such a delightful makin’s cigarette as P. A. supplies. He can smoke the limit with Prince Albert for it can’t bite his tongue or parch his throat! Our ex- clusive patented process fixes that! He’ll just want toget thirty-six-smoke- hours out of the legal twenty-four, that’s all! ILL his smokecup to overflow- ing! Prince Albert is the glad- gift, the holiday-hunch that will hum him a smoke te-de, te-dum long, long after Christmasis but amerry memory! re RINCE ALBERT is also sold in hand- some pound and half pound tin humidors, in tidy red tins and in toppy red bars—wherever you buy tobacco. R. J. REYNOLDS TOBACCO COMPANY Winston-Salem, N. C. Copyright 1919 by R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Ca,

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es Ba GT

“Are you tired again this morning?” NRESTFUL slumber—zest for neither breakfast nor work—nothing but a dreary vision of a tired day—of *T don’t know what’s come over me.” The steady grind and shocks of work and worry have worn out the nerves’ reserve. Short of a complete rest, : a scientific food-tonic is the one thing urgently needed \ —and that means Sanatogen.

For, as Sir Gilbert Parker, the statesman-novelist, writes: “Sanatogen is a true food-tonic, feeding the nerves, increasing the energy and giving fresh vigor to the overworked body and mind. To this statement thousands of brain-workers unhesitatingly subscribe, some even going as far as Arantd feassite, the famous writer, who ex- claims, “The tonic effect of Sanategen is simply wonderful!” In the face of such unparalleled proof can you oe fail to realize that Sanatogen stands | ready to give you real help? Sold by good druggists everywhere in sizes, from $1.00 up. Write today for interesting booklet to THE BAUER CHEMICAL CO., Inc. 115 W. 18th St., N.Y. C. sal ts al € anatogen | s theWorld Over _

When saving 75 per cent on Tire Cost by Buying Economy Double Tread 5,000 Mile Guaranteed Tires at One- tourth the usual tire cost. Double’ ble by our secret_reconstructed process used in manufacturing. They have double the amount of fabricofanordinary tire, making thempracti- cally puncture proofeand Immune from blow- outs Our customers ge 10,000 miles of service. = LOOK AT THESE LOW PRICES Size Tires Tubes money right from the start. $30.00 to $100.00 a Week!

._ bottom of the T 500% AGEN S PROFIT Gold and Silver Sign Letters For store fronts, office windows and glass os & signs of all kinds. No e<perience neces- Tread Tires made doubly dura. SAWERam sary. Anyone can put them on and make You can sell to nearby trade or travelall over thecountry. ‘There is a big demand for window le'tering in every town. Send

RELINER FREE WITH EVERY TIRE State whether you want straight side or clincher, plain or gen ak “ $2 deposit for each tire; $1 on tubes; balance wz ; ljt—McCciu.°°° "== BY ONE MAN. It’s KING OF THE WOOMS. Saves money and ECONOMY TIRE & RUBBER CO. ti. tea irst order gets agency. Dept. 270 1206-10 W. 15th St, CHICAGO Folding Sawing Machine Co., 161 West Harrisor St., Chicago, il,

SDUD .. ccccésveccessseeceah eae: Ea for Free Samples and full particulars. SRNUE Su incackecencsssc MD Rae Liberal Offer to General Agents +r eed a: ee He 3 METALLIC LETTER CO., 433A N. Clark St., Chicago 8.75 2.45 9.00 2.50 ‘s :3 | 9 CORDS IN 10 HOURS "Hoo 380 = SAWS MONET Bs cicecksbesetiecces 1150 3.00 s = DOWN Dias seevepbesspsecesee Eee 3.20 f @eighs T SEE 12.7 3.35

What 15¢ smn, ¥ ou ‘te Nation's Capital ashington, the home of the inder, | The little matter of 2S¢ in stamps or coin will bring you the _ oo ene World'a Capital and read. | Weeks on trial. The Pathfinder is an illustrated weekly, published at the Na- Ing the Pathfinder will be like sitting in tion's center, for the Nation; a paper that prints all the news of the world anc the inner council with those who will mold | ‘!!s the truth and _ the a now Ae 7 27th yee. This —— yom world’s destiny next without emptying the purse; it costs but §1 a year. If you wantto kee S the - for thenext generation on what is ¢ oing on inthe world, at the leastexpense of time or money, this is your means, Ifyou want a paperin your home which is sincere, reliable, entertaining. wholesome, the Pathfinder is yours. If you ci hich puts ing clearly, tairly, briefly—here itis. Send 1Se to show that you might like such a paper and we will eend: the BeBe ee The isedoes sesvepar’ La rts we glad to invest in new friends. Pathfinder, Box 23; Washington, D.C.

Wind the Anchor Line of the Decoy on a Cleat HE. duck-hunter who has spent weary hours unsnarling the wet, perhaps icy, anchor lines of his decoys at the end of a day of sport will have his labors lightened by the device suggested herein Instead of the usual sheet of lead tacked to the decoy to make it float up- right on an even keel, screw on a large galvan- The anchor line is sim- ized iron cleat, ply wound on the decoy such as can be bought at any hardware store. As each decoy is hauled in, wind the anchor line around the cleat. In this way the l nes are kept from _ fouling.each other, and no untangling is necessary.—C. L. LOTHROP, JR.

A Concealed Laundry Chute with Double Openings OW many times have you gone to the already overflowing clothes- hamper with your arms full of pieces of linen, and tried to stuff them down into it, finally throwing them down behind the hamper? To eliminate this annoyance the writer provided a chute, which was in- geniously concealed by a wall seat, and he passes the idea along so that others may benefit by it. The illustration clearly shows the PARTITION AANANAARA SRR S SESE ESS ENE EEN TO BASEMENT Of course you have seen homes equipped with laundry chutes. Why not make your own? scheme. A represents a neatly up- holstered seat made in one bedroom, while B represents a door constructed in the adjoining room. This method permits he dropping of clothes to the cellar from either room. Of course the chute was merely a tin opening cut through the floor, but it serves its purpose by saving many a long walk.—J. W. MOORE.

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i: S15 aWeek py $1822 a Week py $4022 a Week im #10022 a Week } \ ~ He was putting in long hours at monotonous unskilled work. His small pay scarcely lasted from one-week to the next. Pleasures were few | and far between and he couldn’t save a cent. ; He was: down—but: he-wouddn’t stay there! .He- saw other-men pro- ‘| moted, and he made up his mind that what they could do 4e could do. Then he found the veasoz they were promoted was because they had special training—an expert knowledge of some one line. So he made up his mind that 4e would get that kind of training. | He marked and mailed to Scranton a coupon like the one below. That | was his first step upward. I[t.brought him just the information he was looking for. He found he could get the training he needed right at home. in the hours after supper. From that time on he spent part of his spare time studying. The first reward was not long in coming—an increase in salary. Then came another. Then he was made Foreman. Now he is Superintendent with an income that means independence and all the comforts and pleasures that make life worth living. It just shows what a man with ambition can do. And this man is only one out of | hundreds of thousands who have climbed the same steps. esp our wens mee me me ee to success with the help of the International Corre- !jNTERWATIONAL CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOLS spondence Schools. | BOX 7659, SCRANTON, PA. > = ————————— ———————— ——— lain, without obligating me, how I can qualify for the posi- fen. or in the es: w I mark x ” I ? | ELECTRICAL ENGINEER ame SALESMANSHIP What about you : | Beceem Deere, Telephone Work Sten Painter Are you satisfied merely to hang on where you are ! Mechanical Drattaman ILLUSTRATING or would you, too, like to have a real job and real Toolmaker 7 jUSUNESS MANAGEMENT money? It’s entirely up to you. You don’t have to +, an en a | stay down. You caz climb 'to the position you want in | Gsnnonnrssansn " [Ornxeric MaNacen | the work you like best. Y | The 1.C.S. | itera” Sonmecaitar, | the work you like best. Yes, you can e 1.C.S. | Fiscanser Commercial Lew is ready and anxious to come to you, wherever you H Architectural Draftemen Common Schoo! Subjects ’ | D "j Concrete Builder 1 | are, with the very help you need. | Hessanite if atyrino toga Srfairis : Surely when you have an opportunity that means | Himaacr = ore Nasties tion (pss? so much, you can’t afford to let another priceless hour 4 UMs*es* rene a eae " pass without at least finding out about it. And the way | Present t : to do that is easy—without cost, without obligating » Street g yourself in any way, mark and mail thiscoupon. = = =¢ 3 at . : ’ ° . . ‘ Canadians may send this coupon to ——————— ————— oo peemmnggrnnn pre e es ° International Correspondence Sochoois, Montre.:, Canada

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J. fie re F Bis Bi _— . Fatal ‘ - ‘ A ws “ OE ORT AAI AINA HES BR i tii ote What One Father We back this Trade-Mark with our Reputation, Learned Jast Christmas “Do you know—you fathers and moth- ers—actually HOW much that boy of yours wants a bicycle? Let me tell you. “I’m a father—and MY boy wanted a bi- cycle. But like many fathers, I kept put- ting him off from Christmas to Christmas. “Finally, LAST Christmas I bought him a bicycle—and I wish you could have seen that youngster Christmas morning. “There in the middle of the room stood his new Dayton bike—bright and shin- ing. And so were his eyes. “He walked around it—studying its de- lights from every angle—and finding new ones at every step. And forgetful of everything and everybody—lost in his ) - a Luden’s will fix that throat A clear nose and throat will make working easier, Workers in all industries use Luden’s the year — A protection in damp or us LUDENS 2: fefelty ae DROPS GIVE QUICK RELAEF Cycle Dept., THE DAVIS SEWING MACHINE CO., Dayton, O. delight—I heard him saying to himself— over and over: * ‘It’s almost too good to be true—too good to be true. And I won’t have to bor- row rides on Jimmy's bike any more—or get off whenever he tells me tol” “I thought I knew how much a boy wanted a bicycle—but I NEVER knew until that Christmas morning. And my joy was tempered only by the soul-felt wish that | had REALIZED the tuggings that besiege a boy's heart— and made him THAT happy before.” A Dayton Bicycle will make YOUR boy— or anybody—happy THIS Christmas— and YOU, too! See the Dayton dealer in your community—or write for Catalog 44. Only {0 and After Trial Byte spon cram your cnoen fremont gly abla ret om bang batgrs 7ot, gs dens Noting dowa. ¥.K. 3ABSON, Edison Phonograph Dist 1369Edison Bik. Chicago The Saw-Tooth Platform. ‘Has Advantages. MN idle truck earns no dividends. That is a very clear proposition, thoroughly understood. by anybody en- gaged in transportation. Hence the mad rush to keep the trucks in motion. Any plan for increasing the number of trips is valuable. Of such a nature is the saw-tooth platform shown in the accompanying } ~ F /* Z 4 With this type of platform for loading and un. loading trucks, traffic congestion is eliminated illustration. A vehicle can back into one of the saw-tooth sections and load or unload from the side or the rear very quickly. A single article can be removed or adjusted conveniently without un- duly disturbing the rest of the load. - The form of construction is particularly desirable at depots and warehouses. Among the advantages are a large: platform space and a minimum ob- struction of the roadway by the vehicle. Then, too, the assignment of a parti- cular space for each vehicle brings order out of chaos and expedites transporta- tion. In this way congestion of traffic at freight-yards and express centers can be avoided or greatly diminished. Any plan that tends to accomplish such a laudable purpose is well worth a care- ful consideration—H. C. RIDGELY. Turning a Pipe with an Ordinary Wrench PLUMBER, on arriving at an important job, found that he had forgotten his stillson wrench and that the work neces- SPLIT BOLT sitated removing ‘The ordinary wrench a pipe to get at will turn a_ pipe the seat of the with this contrivance trouble. ' Being an ingenious young man, he immediately hit upon a solution. Ask- ing the house-owner for a bolt, he sawed it lengthwise and inserted the halves between the jaws of his monkey- wrench. He then clamped this con- trivance to the pipe and easily un- screwed it——WILLIAM P. LANGREICH. i ee TWO HALVES OF pa ahaa . @ eee & he 6 Oe oe ee pe gS ee ee ee ee ee a: a ee Be he

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we. ‘i- ch pe ce out of date. They do not show the results of the greatest war in history— the vast changes that have swept over the face of three continents, redistributing millions of square miles of territory—establishing new nations—drawing new boundary lines—revo- lutionizing the destinies of people. Now a wonderful new kind of atlas is ready for you—an atlas that keeps pace with the world! Fresh from the press Oe former atlases have gone hopelessly comes the NEW WORLD Loose-Leaf Loose Laat dead a Map Service Free for Two Years Tne NEW WORLDLoose-Leaf ATLAS will be kept up to date fortwo years without charge. Twice each year new maps will be issued to cover all changes that have occurred in every part of the world. These revised maps are simply inserted in the Loose-Leaf Binder in place of the old maps. This new kind of atlas need never go out of date. . It isthe only atlas that keeps pace with the world. Up to Date Loose Leaf—To Insure Permanence The NEW WORLD Loose-Leaf ATLAS represents a distinct advance in the science of atlas production. Never before has an atlas been made that could be, kept up to date—permanently abreast of develop- ments, of changes political and economic, of advances in commerce, of new discoveries and explorations. World to Undergo Many Changes Mee Ohe NEW:WORLD Sete ATLAS, asuperb new collection of maps taken place in every part of the globe, an atlas that is up to date now and that can be kept up to date in the future. It is Loose Map Service that supplies new, revised maps wheneverchangesoccuranywhere. Here is the atlas you have been waitin for—here are three hundred and fifty pages 0: finely engraved, large-scale, full-color maps and indexes that show the whole new world of today with all the recent changes in every country. This great new work constitutes a source of timely geographical knowledge—a wealth of authoritative information. Each day, as you read your newspaper, as you talk with well informed people about national and international affairs, as you fol- low the course of commerce at home and abroad, you will appreciate the value of the NEW WORLD Loose-Leaf ATLAS. You will turn to it, just as you turn to your dictionary and encyclopedia, to obtain exact Leaf, and it is provided with continuous Loos 24 Li 2. af AT LAS A Few of the Features The greatest number of full color maps con- tained in any reference atlas of the world. 252 large separate maps and 116 detail inset maps. A superb collection of plates unsurpassed in beauty of execution with printings in six or more colors. 376 pages. Size of page 134% by 19% inches. Rich, durable cover with special Loose Leaf-Binder. Every country of the world shown with com- plete revisions to date and in great detail. New separate maps of Poland, Czechoslovakia, Jugo- slavia and the other new states. Many large size, oeneeee maps of the world showing great ocean depths, height of land, annual rainfall, mean annual range of tem- perature, distribution of natural vegetation, warm, cool and cold ocean currents; ocean routes with distances in nautical miles. Over one hundred pages of United States maps, showing each state on large scale and including every city, town, village, post office; all railroads, interurban electric lines, newly built towns, as Nitro, West Virginia, permanent army camps new counties, as Pershing in Nevada. Oil an gas map of U. S. Double page railroad maps of Eastern and Western U. S.; cities of the U. S. of 25,000 or more, showing relative importance of Places; Western and Northwestern Lakes, with distances between ports, railroad and car fer- ries; Standard Time map; Parcel Post map; Charts showing travel time from New York to ports of the world via Panama Canal and via Cape Horn. The largest collection of physical and economic maps ever included in a reference atlas. Twenty- six pages of maps showing all grand divisions with height of land, depth of water, isotherms for January and July; summer and winter Climatic maps with average rainfall areas, isobars designating barometric pressure, wind directions, etc.; vegetation maps showing dis- tribution of natural vegetation; economic maps showing productive and non-productive areas, principal workings of mineral deposits, agricul- tural products, etc. Population maps, Language maps, Racial maps, etc. Sixteen pages of Historical maps showing the territorial development of nations, includin4 double page map of the Western Front through- out the European war. A new and complete series of indexes to maps with latest population figures. cannot be kept up to date unless provision is made for future changes. Plebiscites' are apt to wipe ouf many bound- ary lines. Self-determination may bring about drastic changes. Perhaps even an entire continent may be divorced from its present rule. ho can foretell all that will take place in the next year or 4 i information and to’ in SUMIMVNINININNNININNINTANIHINIIIRINNNAMI °° crease and broaden your Map Service F — a rvice ee store of knowledge. — You — ee P ’ I - ere u r Silesia is located, oO. The New Atlas You alle: lane on Canmeaine oe Palend is to for Two Years Need Now be determined by ple age 28 —— For every change that is ermany is making suc esperate ef- mad i io The Last Atlas You forts to retain this estes? ee re ype: gh ng eee Need Ever Buy How the new Poland appears onthe will furnish these maps without map, and why its geographical position charge. You need no longer be makes it an important factor in Euro- without an up-to-date atlas pean affairs of the future? Twice yearly, as the pub- l A lishers have made new maps and you need not wait MR siag er > — = to conform to new conditions, until additional settle- Allies? they will be sent to those who own the NEW WORLD Loose- ments have been made in Where Fiume is located and why its Leaf ATLAS. All that is the map, for this new kind of atlas keeps pace with the town? situation makes it so important to Italy that the poet D’Annunzio seized necessary to being the atlas up to dateis to put the new maps the world—shows changes What the boundaries are of the new “—: — ‘ in the map whenever and nations of Jugoslavia an Czechoslo- er the first two years in p vakia and how the populations are NEW WORLD Loose-Leaf wherever they occur. constituted racially? po ae owners b purchase is always up-io-dale map serv- If the world Dever HMMM «= ice for a nominal sum: thus changed no atlas would ever grow out of date. But with the rapid march of current events new atlases soon must become obsolete. Even the NEW WORLD ATLAS would soon be far behind the times if no provision were made for keeping it always up to date. That is why we made it. insuring permanence to their atlas. A Splendid Christmas Gift If you want to give something distinctive and truly a while, the NEW WORLD Loose-Leaf ATLAS is a happy suggestion. Simply mail the coupon for complete information. Mail this Coupon for Interesting Booklet Space here is far too limited to give an adequate idea of what the NEW WORLD Loose- Leaf ATLAS is and all that it contains, of the valuable special features it offers to the stu- dent, the economist, the business man i but a handsome booklet has been prepared which tells the whole fascinating story. It is pro usely illustrated and is full of interesting facts. We will gladly send you a copy of “Keeping Pace With the World” without any cost or obligation on your art. Simply mail the coupon New Kind of Atlas. row vp WwW RL rio NE reat MAIL COUPON TODAY will send the booklet to you. Let us suggest that you do this now, while the matter is before you, as you do not want to overlook the opportunity of learning about this wonderful elow; or a post card, and WC Ssssscsusesessescus senses Sears, Roebuck and Co. Dept. 9126-P Chicago, III. Kindly send me, without cost or obliga- tion on my part, the new booklet, ‘‘Keep- ing Pace With the World.”’ Sears, Roebuck and Co. ya ee eee eee ee eee Toe ek Dept. 9126-P Chicago, Ill. § Post Office..................0cee eee es n. v..D. Box er es ayer ie, aie CAS a ae ee ee re ere Te eye

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aes ah NR et cenmee er eta { 2 ee ee, a it: a Learn Drafting Employers everywhere are looking for skilled draftsmen. They are offering good salaries to start with splendid chance for advancement. Drafting offers exceptional opportu- nities to a young man because drafting itself not only commands goo” pay, but it is the first step toward success in Mechanical or Structural Engineering or Architecture. And drafting is just the kind of work a boy likes to do. There is an easy delightful’ way in which you can learn right at home in spare time. For 28 years the Inter- national Correspondence Schools have been giving boys just the training they need for success in Drafting and more than 200 other subjects. “Thousands of boys have stepped into good positions through I. C. S. help, but never were opportunities so great as now. Let the I. C. S. help you. Choose the work you like best in the coupon, then mark and mail it. This doesn’t obligate you in the least and will bring you information that may start you on a successful career. This is your chance. Don’t let it slip by. Mark and mail this coupon now. TEAR OUT HERE Here Is a Safety Pull for Electric Switches EW people, especially busy house- keepers, seem to accord the electric lighting system a proper amount of respect. The writer has heard of in- stances of death, and a number of serious burns, resulting from carelessness’ in hurried attempts to pull the main switch in the dark. Since’ the switch-block is usually enclosed, with access through a small door, the _ illus- tration shows a method of pull- ing the switch from outside which cannot shock the person op- erating it—Roy H. POSTON. SWITCH BOX DOOR. J SMALL SPRING No more unexpected electrical shccks if you equip your switch in the way shown here The Hairpin as a Lock for the Automobile HE lock shown in the illustration consists of a small piece of thin fiber, two brass collar buttons placed in the holes made in the fiber strip and used as binding-posts, and a hairpin utilized as the socket switch. An automobile equipped with this switch is burglar-proof (in so far as the switch is concerned) and the. contrivance takes only a few minutes to make. Procure a ae? of very thin fiber about 2 in. long, 34 in. wide, and 4 in. thick, and drill four holes in it about the size of a collar - button head. Then HAIR PIN INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOLS BOX 7661 SCRANTON, PA. Explain without obligating me, how I can qualify for the position, or in the subject, before which I mark X ELECTRICAL ENGINEER SALESMANSHIP Electric Light ng and Rys. ADVERTISING Electric Wiring ; Window Trimmer Telegraph Engineer Show Card Writer Telephone Work Sign Painter MECHANICAL ENGINEER Rai!road Trainman Mechanical Draftsman ILLUSTRATING Machine Shop Practice Cartooning Toolmaker BOOKKEEPER Stenographer and Typist Cert. Pab, Accountant TRAFFIC MANAGER Gas Engine operating CIVIL ENGINEER Surveying and Mapping MINE FOREMAN or EN@’R STATIONARY ENGINEER Marine Engineer Ship Draftsman ARCHITECT Railway Accountant Commercial Law GOOD ENGLISH Teacher Common School Subjects Contractor and Builder Mathematics Architectural Draftsman CIVIL SERVICE Concrete ee. Railway Mail Clerk Structural Engine AUTOMOBILE OPERATING PLUMBING AND HE ATING Auto Repairing Sheet Metal Worker Navigation Spanish Textile Overseer or Supt. AGRIOULTURE French CHEMIST Poultry Raising § Italian Name, Present Occupation Street and No. City State Canadians may send this coupon to International Correspondence Schools. Montreal, Canada BUTTONS FROM COIL TO TIMER A hairpin, twocollar buttons, and a piece of fiber will prevent a thief from’ stealing your automobile drill two holes in the dashboard of the car close to the coil-box or in any other place preferred by the car-owner. These holes are made hairpin size, as shown. Cut the wire leading to the timer, twist three turns of it around the collar- button, and place the head of the col!ar- button in the hole in the fiber. Do the same with the other end of the cut wire, and screw the fiber against the two holes made for the hairpin. When you wish to leave the car, simply pull out the hairpin and conceal it. The thief cannot start the car, because he will probably overlook these two small holes.—C. C. KLINT. = GUARANTEED 4 SAVE 40% JON YOUR TIRES 66 gn 7 First Quality” celebrated Tires and Tubes purchased in carload lots on a basis that means big savings to you. Federal Tax free. Sale Guaran- ist Price teed Won-Skid Tubes Hy SIZE Price $14.90 $ 9.65 $2.20 x3\% ir .20 12: on 82x84 22.40 1 2.90 81x4 29.65 18. 8.60 32x4 $0.15 1 2 3.70 33x4 81.60 1 8.80 4x4 32.85 19. 8.90 36x4 88.30 * 4.55 S4x4ig 43.45 45 4.75 85x4% 45.45 589 4.85 86x44 46.20 6.05 is of our satisfied customers are getting from 6000 to 7000 miles oe Pan a J not you: PHILADELPHIA MOTOR TIRE co. 258 WN. Broad Street, PHILADELPHIA, PA. Trapper’s Guide—F REE! Trappers and Shippers—don't wait, write in to-day for Rogers big improved Trappers’ Guide—it’s free. The biggest, best work of its kind— hang the cover on your wall—it’s full of color and action — meant for real outdoor men. Complete lists of traps and trap- per’s supplies at lowest prices— Game laws—all the haunts and habits of the fur bearers:-~every trapper needs it—and it's FREE. Rogers pays highest prices, -quickest cash, and shipping charges on furs --deals direct with you, the square deal way— gradingdone by experts. Nocommission ae, Write today for Trapper’s Guide--get prices and market reports al) winter through-Service Free~ don’t delay--send cardtoday. Addresc Dept: 1002 ROGE FUR CO. ST. LOUIS More com fortable, healthful, convenient. Takes place of all outdoor toilets, where germs breed, Be ready fora Jom , cold winter. Have a warm, sanitary, comfortable, odorless toiletin the house an: wantit. Don't out A boon to invalids. ‘En dorsed b; health officials Sconrubane Guaranteed Odorless The germs killed by a chemi- water in the container. Emp- ROWE SANITARY 3 urs. £2. 12173 Rewe Bidg., De Ask about Re-Sap We ochrtaad and and No Plumbing Roan Rolli Required. “DONT SHOUT” yo “Thear you. I can hearnow as well as anybody. ‘How?’ ith E MORLEY PHONE. I’vea pair in my ears nem but they are in- le. Iwould not know I had them in, myself, only that I hear all right. The Morley Phone for the DEAF ears whet glasses are to the eyes. Invisible paeeientenee vane = Anyon can adjus' ge Over one hundred inane ‘sold. tite fo for foiiet and testi- monials. THE MORLEY CO., Dept. 727, Perry Bidg., Phila.

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hila. Plumbing and Heating At Low Cost install aa ag ee er "Neatirier plant in his: own home by our new easy meth Every part comes your yn easily do lo th pons — a few le tools. Yo time Cie and un’ material, Send for Handy Man as We h in the preparation of th x To ke it broadcast to uninteres valuable “bod Ary trom sieieubrs of 250 which will be re- Burn Less Coal and heat the whole house with an umpeorst. all-cast, pipeless fur- No expensive pipes or heat- ing ‘equipment Makes mussy, unsightly stoves unnecessary. Costs no more thana stove. Can be installed in a day by anyone. They are described at wholesale rices in The Handy Man Book. Bena for it today. We Guarantee Our Every Product HARDIN-LAVIN CO. 4526-36K Cottage Grove Ave., Chicago, Ill. Men Without Previous Experience Can Get Into a Very Profitable, Fast Growing Business Everyone makes money in the TIRE VULCANIZING BUSINESS. Profits 100% or more. Smallinvestment. We are the pioneers in the manufacture of the dry cure vulcanizer. The Vanderpool Vulcanizing Outfit repairs tires by the correct method. The Vander- pool Principle is endorsed by the great tire fac- tories also by veteran repairers after trying others. We send you FREE TIRE REPAIRING MAN- UAL. If others have been successful so can you be. Write today for full particulars. In answering, address Dept. R-19. WM. VANDERPOOL C0., Springfield, 0. r opin bi a ° aire fae new Ranger ore with electri light and equipped carrier, stan Rider Azonts_\ Wanted “ er-bi id gua a o: ~—7* vats asdanti Sesser coo a | icye! ye sSomnel Easy Myy-* yp - our | Special wholesale cash. ‘prices. N ED FREE o TIRE beg ands 30 DAYS On ape TRIAL, Sinn pat power nae TIRES oi sto me t half usua: &\F eaten mak \ actly whet you need. Do not buy un’ MEAD get our prices,terms and the big FREE catalog. CYCLE COMPANY Dept, W109 Chicago Build a Closet in That Unsightly Hole HE conversion of a kitchen into a dining-room frequently leaves open- ings not easily filled in the readjustment. A Washington, D. C., woman, while making such a transformation, discov- ered an unsightly aperture in the wall where formerly a bricked-in cooking range had been located. Curtains temporarily hid the unpre- sentable hole in the wall until the in- ventive mind of a roomer in the house - planned a homemade closet for china. Preparatory to the installation of the closet, the opening was painted white to Glass-door closets and hiceleadin are easily made and sometimes fill unsightly holes match the other woodwork in the room. Then the opening was furnished with white shelves and glass doors on hinges were fitted in. Housewives confronted by a‘similar problem can duplicate the achievement by assembling the following material: Five shelves 1% in. thick, 10 in. wide, and 414 ft. long; two glass doors 2 ft. 2 in. wide and 5 ft. high; two knobs for doors; two pair of hinges; one lock; one dozen cut screw hangers; one board 11% in. by 12 in. by 5 ft. for the top of closet; four boards 1 in. thick, 8 in. wide, and 5 ft. long for the sides; two boards 1 in. thick, 2 in. wide, and 5 ft. long to hold the doors; and 50 ft. of molding.—S. R. WINTERS. Heating Food and Water for Chilled Cattle F it is located near a windmill or a storage-tank, this homemade heater can easily be filled with water. -The water is heated quickly with fuel such as cornstalks, straw, corncobs, or brushwood. Pumpkins and potatoes help to fatten the stock,jand ground feed may ke cooked by pouring scalding hot water on the meal in barrels and then covering the barrels with old blankets or carpets to keep the steam in and to cook the feed slowly and thoroughly. A'light fire will take the chill from ice water and the heater may be utilized for other things, when cooking is de- sired. It is made as follows: Make a frame of 2-by-8 in. pine, 7 ft. long and 27 in. wide. Put a bottom on WYANKEE™ NO1S30— The owner of a “YANKEE”? Ratchet Hand Drill No. 1530, comes to regard it with a pride that is close to the affec- tion felt for a faithful friend. With its five different adjustments you can do work you’d never think of attempting with any drill but a “YANKEE.”’ Think of the possibilities of the DOUBLE Ratchet in cramped space. The slightest movement of the crank in either direction gives continuous for- ward drive and drills as rapidly as if full turn of the crank could be made. “YANKEE” Ratchet Hand Drill No. 1530 Length, 1014 in.; Weight, 20 ounces PRICE $4.45 Your Dealer Can Supply You Write fo ree “* YANKEE” Tool Book showing tg KER” Tools in action and illustrating betier ways of drilling, boring, tapping and driving Screws, North Bros. Mfg. Co. Philadelphia

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As the days go by you will develop a cer- ‘tain attachment for your Dixon’s Eldorado. Unconsciously at first, and then con- sciously, you will find yourself selecting it from the several pencils that lie on your desk. With the first touch of pencil to paper you will realize that here is a pencil that fits your hand and your work better than any other you have ever used. Tell us the kind of work you do, enclosing 15 cents, and we will mail you full-length samples worth double the money. DIXONS ELDorADO the master drawing pencil” Made in 17 Leads —one for every need or preference

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JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE CO, Pencil Dept. 120-], Jersey City, N. J. Canadian Distributors A. R. MacDougall & Co., Ltd., Toronto

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Why use Coal or

THE OLIVER OIL-GAS BURNER makes any cooking or heating stove @ gas stove. Burns coal oil (kero- sene). No or wood. ks and bakes better. Cheaper. Keeps our home warmer. You lame. FITS ANY STOVE ANYWH Easily put in or taken out. No dam: to stove. ts a Lifetime. Thousands of delighted users, In use eight years. Money-Back Gu: e. Free litcrature AGENTS WANTED ~GAS BURNER & MACHINE CO., St., St. Louis, Mo Orders Shipped From Frisco. The Oliver Oi Cas Burner makes 2 gals. oil rekep T=) Ge 0 es-rersy-) |

it of No. 18 galvanized iron, allowing it to project on each side and about 14 in. at one end in order to attach a stove- pipe fitting. Spike the frame together, and cover the corners with heavy tin to SLT AND BEND UP

OPEN EN IEAVY TIN FIRE PUACE CORNERS “ —_ y me U}dddu ed v=. dh TEA The’heater will burn cornstalks, corncobs, or brushwood and it will cook any kind of cattle food prevent leaking. Attach the bottom with two rows of nails. Make a fireplace on the ground of stone and clay or brick and cement 2 ft. wide by 3 ft. long and 18 in. high. Pile up dirt 1 ft. high and 3 ft. long at theend of the fireplace for a flue, and put stone on the ground the same length as the piece of galvanized iron mentioned above. Place the tank on this foundation and | bankitupwithdirt. In cutting the hole for the stovepipe, turn up strips of the iron for a collar, then drive an iron rod through the sheet-iron into the ground. Put on two lengths of stovepipe and wire itfasttothisrod. Another piece of sheet- iron should be set up before the fireplace to control the draft and keep the fire constant.—SYLVANUS VAN AKEN. A Portable Loading-Chute for Live Stock NE of the most useful things that can be included in the equipment of a live-stock farm is a portable load- ing-chute. A serviceable chute of this _kind may be built on the front bolster of an old farm-wagon. If it is framed

“When ‘Johnn has the Croup That’s a cough with a croupy rattle, so hurry for the Musterole and rub it in right over the chest and neck. How it will tingle at first and then grow ever so cool. And how it will reach in and penetrate right to the spot! It will dis- sipate all the stuffy con- estion which causes that acking cough. © Why shouldn’t grand- mother swear by Musterole for colds and coughs? It is betterthan amustard plaster —good as that was in the old days. And the explana- tion is this: Musterole is made of oil of mustard and other home simples. It penetrates under the skin, down tothe part. Here it generates its own heat, and this heat disperses the congestion. Yet Musterole will not blister. Musterole, on the contrary, feels delightfully cool a few seconds after you apply it. Try Musterole for Bobby and Helen and Dorothy’s croup—and for your own cough, too. Try it for rheumatism— it’s a regular router out of all congestions. Always keep a jar handy. Many doctors and nurses recommend Musterole, 30c and 60c jars—$2.50 hospital size. The Musterole Co., Cleveland, Ohio BETTER THAN A MUSTARD PLASTER

The portable chute permits cattle to be loaded on freight-cars at any point along the line with strong timbers and floored with 2-inch plank, it will be strong enough for any purpose; yet the large wheels make it easily portable from one place

to another.—A. A. JEFFREY.

AN EASY WAY TO MAKE MONEY -:: iz . ,Plod along on a small salary. Be independent. Go in the tire re- airing business. One man says ‘I made $60.00 the first y.” Others average $200 to $500 a month. ‘/ery little capital needed. Jobs plentiful. Every motorist a pos- sible customer. No experience needed. We teach you. SHAER Tire Repair Outfit Improved Wrapped Tread Method £_} Used by Tire Manufacturers

Does as | work as the big high priced vulcanizing outfits. A boy can use it. It’s the only vulcanizer that has Automatic Heat Control, and can’t undercure or overcure a tire. Requires no watching or reg FREE Book “How to Open a Tire Repair Shop.” It tells how to make big money. Don’t delay. Write quick. C. A. SHALER CO. 2111 Fourth St. | Waupun, Wisconsin "Roe LIGHT YOUR HOME ALIKE DAY—Cos7 is hours Pure white 60 candle power lignt from common Kerosene. SOLAR MANTLE LAMP approved by government experts. Beats " i

ing ° wy ani er, SOLAR LAMP CO., 47 Solar Bidg., Kansas City, Ma,

all ¢ stor simi strus som: batt

3 ine the | with witk tion the the rain bell Si stru may con} raise nigh Pre forn deta cure the woo easil bott seve just wire trifl be ; Sma ing

Page 109

To Make a Signal that Warns ' of Rain FTENTIMES wash hung out on the line to dry 's thoroughly wet all over again by an unexpected rain-. storm. A contrivance to prevent this and similar occurrences may be easily con- structed from board, a piece of cloth, some copper wire, and a bell and battery. On a wooden base about 18° inches long nail two posts 10 inches high and 16 inches apart. From these swing a sheet of cotton cloth 12 inches long by

Is it going to rain? Don’t worry about the clothes, for a bell will ring when the drops begin to fall 3inches wide. Stiff wire is used to hold the cloth straight. At one end of the base place a bell with its battery. This is connected with the wires in the cloth, the connec- tion being in series. When the cloth is dry there is, of course, no circuit and the bell will not ring. But as soon as the cloth becomes wet from the falling rain the circuit is completed and the bell rings. Such a contrivance need not be con- structed all upon one base. The wire may be run into the house and the bell connected there. This device is a boon to chicken- raisers who need to be warned of a night storm.—F. E. BRIMMER. Preserving Flowers in Their Original Colors HERE are several methods of pre- serving blossoms in their natural form and color. If attention is given to details, very good results can be se- cured. One method is carried out with the use of sand. For this purpose a wooden framework is needed. This is easily made by knocking the top and bottom out of a good sized box about seven inches deep. Across the bottom of the woodwork, just inside the edge, fasten a piece of wire netting. If the wire netting is a trifle larger than the frame there will be a sufficient border to turn round. Small nails may be used for fasten-

ing the netting. A flat -piece. of

FLASTIC KNIT GUARANTEE— We guarantee Hanes Underwear absolutely —every thread, stitch and button. We guarantee to return your money or give you a new garment if any seam breaks. “Hanes”—greatest underwear value ever sold at the price! ET the big, extra-long-service features of Hanes winter men’s G Union Suits and Shirts and Drawers fixed in your mind! Go over the extra-wear-points brought out in the diagram circles shown in the Union Suit above—guaranteed unbreakable seams ; guaranteed tailored collarette that cannot gap; guaranteed elastic knit wrist and ankles; guaranteed closed crotch; guaranteed pearl buttons sewed on to stay; guaranteed buttonholes that last as long as the garment ! Such a wealth of underwear value to spread before any man at the price! If comfort, warmth, wear and economy mean much to you in winter underwear, then buy “Hanes”! Every thread, stitch and button is guaranteed! You should immediately check up your dealer and get a supply. Hanes winter weight Union Suits are standard throughout America —standard because of extra wear and standard because their extra comfort, fit and perfect workmanship make them exceed in real worth any underwear you ever bought at the price! Your confidence in Hanes Underwear should be based on the fact that every process of manufacture from raw long-staple cotton to the perfected garment is under direct Hanes supervision in Hanes factories ! “Hanes” Union Suits for Boys All the quality, extra features and perfect workmanship that make Hanes men’s Union Suits so universally popular go right into Hanes Union Suits for Boys! We have never laid hands on such value in boys’ underwear. Fleeciness and warmth, in particular, me<t parents’ most exacting wishes, plus reinforced buttonholes that wiil not stretch. These staunch Union Suits stand up against the stiffest wear-service and wash service. The elastic knitting and reinforced strain points allow all sorts of work and play freedom. Made in sizes to meet ages between two and sixteen years. Two- to four-year sizes have the drop seat. If your dealer cannot supply you, write us immediately. P. H. HANES KNITTING CO., Winston-Salem, N. C. New York Office, 366 Broadway Warning to the Trade—Any garment offered as “Hanes” is a substitute unless it bears the Hanes label.

UNDERWEAR

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| \ Save » TIRES LIKE we Bs | a) .% a TIRE SURGEON '® Make $2,500 to $4,000 Per Year = Giving New Life to Old Tires A Haywood Tire Sur- geon can do more with old tires than was even dream- ed before the war. By the Haywood Method a Haywood 7 Tire Surgeon can give 4,000 to 5,000 more miles of new life to a tire that two years ago would have been thrown on the junk pile. And it’s easy to learn. | Stations are Needed IF Everywhere 20,000,000 tires wearing down every day. By Tire Surgery you can quickly repair, rebuild and give new life to tires seemingly all worn out. Cuts, gashes, tears, bruises, broken fabric, every kind of an accident that can happen toany tire, inside or out, you can repair and save for long service. The chance to make money Is simply wonderful. $2,500 to.$4,000 a Year is Possible 1 u all the truth you"wouldn’t believe it. You would bass, a me to be true.” But you can see what a great field there is St for Haywood fire Surgery Stations—for this better way. ‘Send Today for My Free Book I have our Feaue to mail vafasein the day

Four Months This is Richard A. Oldham Mr. Oldham was teleazaph tor for the oe Central Railroad for twenty ears. He is fifty-e' se One day read one of my advertisements and the ——! of making money in Auto Tire urgery business. In a few weeks he had

bythe Hay- §& —how to M. HAYWOOD, President HAYWOOD TIRE & EQUIPMENT a. athe Pres. r Haywood Tire & [}

Name Equipment Ce. 1167 Capitol Ave. Address ‘a. Indianapolis, indiana

Different eaereny int the | I," ry Ne aw e-\endrer-¥ CLeleslesacal-ausla' Practical because this course has been —a by Meyer Both Company, the largest, most widely known organization of its kind—a long established

company of international Ag ee pee cal because it embraces the rich fund of experi- encethat hasmadethem dominantlysuccessful. The demand for, — commercial we exceeds

ey Works like sir on Beont and es Ha teat tn non nd “ig a a scatansasnge We can accept but a limited number of students. ou contro! amen force. This Send 4c instamps for special book today. block are aenen ——— Address Home Study Dept. ie sie pend MEYER BOTH COLLEGE OF COMMERCIAL ART air rifle can duplicate this feat, M A Chicago, til The Benjamin fs safe, because you 1945 S. Michigan Avenue, go, fll. control the power. Never foses shooting force—has no springs to get out of order. Writefor interesting folder ut this wonderful gun. At all dealers, $4.50 Ask ta dealer for demonstra-

Pacific-Coast Representatives: _— & LINFORTH | San Francisco oat

wood will be required on which to stand the frame, with the netting side down. How to Clean the Sand Now secure a quantity of sand. It is of the utmost importance that this should be absolutely clean. To clean it, place the sand in a large bowl, and pour water over it until all foreign matter has been washed away. When the sand is quite clean, spread it out on a tray to dry. The quickest way to do this is to place it in the sunshine or in front of a fire. Almost any kind of flowers may be preserved with sand. Those with the brightest colored petals give the best results. White blossoms are not so satisfactory, coming out a dirty yellow color. All the flowers should be free from rain- or dew-drops. The first step is to fill the frame with a layer of sand that just covers the wire netting. On this sand spread out the flowers.

Almost any kind of flowers can be preserved with sand. The brightest colored. ones give the best results Blooms that are cup-shaped should be filled in with sand in order to preserve the form. The flowers should not touch one another. When the sand is covered with blooms, cover the flowers with a layer of sand. You may then place a fresh layer of flowers, treating them in the same manner. Sometimes three layers of flowers may be worked into the frame, but generally speaking the best results are secured with only two. When the frame is full, place it in the sun, or on a shelf in a warm dry room. At the end of ten days the flowers may be considered to be dry. Lift up the frame from the board, and the sand will slip through the netting, leaving the flowers in a heap. For the first hour or so they will be very brittle and should be handled with care. After exposure to the air the blossoms soon become durable. The Sulphur Box Very good results may be obtained with the sulphur box. Any strongly made deep box will do. In the lower part of the box at one end cut an opening large enough to push a saucer ‘through. -: On the piece: cut: from the

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Sia ee rentis mone HII A DOUGLAS SHOE B=cF

box nail another piece half an inch wider all round, to be used in closing the opening. In the other end of the box bore a hole into which a cork may be fitted. After arranging the flowers, light a few lumps of sulphur in a saucer, push it into the box, and remove the cork at the other end of the box. Leave both ends open for a few minutes, then close up tightly and leave for twenty-four hours. This process bleaches the flowers, but after a short exposure to the air they regain they natural tints. The Wax Treatment

EVERY PAIR OF Billa wot

SHOES writ. EVER PRICE YOU PAY. YOU AL a) wavs Receive Ai FULLVALUE FOR fill | YOURMONEY. fie

a.) {| PROFITS AND fe HAS SAVED } THEM MILLIONS OF DOLLARS ON THEIR

“THE SHOE THAT HOLDS’ ITS Hl 36:00 $70Q $00 gf & 0% You can save money by wear-

Another plan that acts very well in

the ‘same ai aice eee nowedees Lowa thant eatseeerld. oad the wax treatment. The first step is to by 106W.L.Douglas t secure a tin or iron pan, and into this y ‘ae a pc pag put a number of chunks of candle-wax, ae $: sao Do ot iy shoe eaten. taking care not to let any of the wick : P velail ive sania eo ‘eae get in. Melt the wax over a fire, and tom P santana best ‘sh _ then dip the flowers in the liquid, one Pi pth saihiat 4. caus by one. Leave the flower in the wax e,comfortand servicethat

for not more than a moment. Then ii a gs ne the “at take it out and wave it gently in the e stamped price is uglas person: air. The flower is covered with a thin guarantee that the shoes are always worth the Price paid for them. The prices are the same | film of wax that keeps out the air and everywhere — they cost no more in San Fran-

prevents decay. —S. LEONARD BASTIN. cisco than they do in New York. W- Douglas shoes are sold through our own tae ° stores direct to the wearer at one profit. To Repair a Crankcase Arm middlemen’s and manufacturing profits are eliminated. By without Removing Engine this method of marketing our shoes, W. L. Douglas gives the wearer shoes at the lowest possible cost, W. L. Douglas $7.00 and $8.00 shoes are absolutely the best shoe values for the money in this country. They aretheleaders Y the following method a Ford crankcase arm, which has been broken, may be repaired in an hour’s peg an Pcie > Boma = a a ee — nny . : . . made throughout o e finest leather the marke ‘ords — = removing the engine with a style endorsed by the leaders of America’s fashion rom the Car. f centers; they combine quality, style and comfort equal to Hoist the car up to an angle of 45 other makes selling at higher prices. degrees by means of blocks attached W.L.Do h de by th to the wheels on one side. Pack the waite Snot ore snaie by = highest paid, chilled sheo- makers, under the direction and supervision of experienced men, all working with an honest determination to make the best shoes for the price that money can buy.

ASBESTOS CAUTION.—Insist upon having W. L. Douglas shoes PACKING with his name and price stamped on the bottom. If W. L. Douglas shoes cannot be obtained in Fd vicinity, nerder direct from factory by mail, W.L. poveLas. ‘SHOE 60. arcel Post charges prepaid. Write for Illus- 34 8 eee a ’ trated Catalog showmg how to order by mail. RACTURE 7 | eTeTeleyelcrom wy tcyey || Sulld Your Own PHONOBRAPH 4 = A few hours! interesting ing work 3 CRANK CASE la 1] Your Legs will appear Straight if you wear a, machine exoctl ‘to sole your ' | terial, ble e — ; | Ny iy Straightleg Garters —_{ | i ifyjtucion. Yio? t / \\" Combination hose supporter and pantleg ——o . SIDE VIEW END VIEW UN Ceti [Ri eninge goneng egportgeeapere Write Today for Our Free e One of those little things that every \r \ r poker a sty oflinary eterno harness 4 ce o pri af le Ford-owner ought to know about iy " qertee—tepewres, 2 a ppearance — adecielty. com Dalit phonogrannns MY isi earers enthusiastic. You will be, too. Write y ‘ ‘ for free booklet, mailed in plain envelope. Cheraleon Phonograph Co. e fracture and surrounding parts with S-L.Garter Co., 748 Trast Co. Bldg., Dayton, 0. | ¥-i!® Mouser Bids. Elkhart, ind. ll * asbestos packing to prevent their B; Pr ft 1V i wd being damaged by the excessive heat, 1g “ag s in Vulcanizing |. or and weld the arm with an oxyacety- Knderson , Vuleaniver One Socket . lene torch ous Anderson Method i ld ene torch. . ; of of Vuleanizing, in five +. My re It is sometimes necessary to jack State" Schaal nearest Two aiid ne up the crankcase before welding in to, make 0 first-class * order to spring the fractured mem- re iy nduates ber into place, but this is an easy o> Vii ns sty of our near matter. . aie all other makes and hear thei 2 ——— , e 0 doing e work; oa While the accessory market has a Lido ta pol Sur “eos 1 number of patented devices that serve <4 Sea Rage course of the Amder- aly . ° ° * son method and you will know ak this same end, the repair herein de- ha why our graduates make good. ° ae] ~ you do not buy | our wi scribed answers the purpose and saves ?. fe thereat i you oy oF ea an otherwise necessary trip to the local aoeiee bber day ex: the = repair station. — PAUL L. FETHERSTON. Asdachon Stbess Velan aa” 3 Williams Bidg. »! Indianapolis, Ind., U. S. A. Please p t your name. We ce co%eive many we carnot make out.

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CLEARTONE PHONOGRAPHS $4.09 te $200.00 Retail Our Sundry Dept. offers Needles 39c. per thousand, in lots of 500,000. Motors $1.35 to $14.75 each. Tone Arms and Reproducers $1.30 to $5.75 per set, Main Springs 20c. to Poi ts od Parts t mn gl — Ae oints ai at reasonable prices. . Write for our 84 page catalogue, the only one spe ee a Pym es jis ovale Arashi a over 80 it eng New Yo € it styles oO! ng Mac over Canadian Agency | Ate LUCKY 3 *PHONOGRAPH COMPANY Agents wanted wtvlies-Subtracts Ww Export Dept. 46G, E. 12th St... N. Y., U.S.A. ee ; $ . Adding Machine For Persona! Desk or Gn — neral Office ef 3 It checks mental Buy

Young Men of today are fortu- nate to live in the age of the Auto and Tractor Business. It is the greatest business in the world. Never before has there been such a wonderful future for ambitious men. Big Demand For Trained Auto Men Think of it!—Six million automobiles in use and c.ousands more being sold daily. Factories are rushed to the limit. Trained automobile men are wanted everywhere. The demand exceeds the Diy. That’s the business you can learn here at our school,—and e opportunity that awaits the trained automobile man. Earn $100 to $400 Monthly It is not at all difficult for a trained man to earn <hose salaries. Hundreds of our eraduates are doing even better than that. Auto Factories, Garages, Service Stations — Tiactor Factories are continually calling on us for gr.ductes to fill responsible i- ons. Many of our graduates go into business for themselves. There are thousands of places where good gara we pa el ama ~~~ fee the services of competent trained men are needed. These opportu Complete Tractor Courses Included Complete instruction on the care, repair and Money-Back | maintenance of tractors is also included in our regular Auto Course. Tractor manufacturers give Guarantee full co-operation, International, Moline and Emer- son-Brantingham Co's. have pla machines with We guarantee to quali- us for the benefit of our students. Brazing - Welding and Tire Repairing Taught in Separate Courses. Big Money Earned b Trained Competent Men in These Lines. 3

fy you for a position as chauffeur, repair man, tester, demonstrator, auto electrician, garage

man, automobile dealer | Big Factories Endorse Our | Free Catalog — Gives com- or tractor mechanic and Schoot~In fact they assisted | Dlete information with views operator paying from | fm the arrancement of cur fetter from sat $100 to $400 monthly our euuipungute and our mo. graduates. Write for or refund your money.

= erate ae it. _ Better still, jump train oo | ou School. ged come ge, hundred Ty , MICHIGAN STATE AUTO SCHOOL **Most Progressive Auto School in America’’=‘‘In the Heart of the Auto Industry’’ S92 Auto Building Detroit, Mich., U.S.A.

687-89-91 Woodward Ave.

' Wrapping paper. Helping the Amateur to Use Babbitt Metal UPPOSE that you wish to provide babbitt bearings for a_ vertical shaft which is to extend between and above the bed-plates of a machine. Holes E E are bored through the wooden bed-plates A. The diameter of these holes may be )% in. or more PILLOW-BLOCKS J i END VIEW ~‘

The molds are made of wood and secured

nl MOLD (C) TO FORM te each other: UPPER AND LOWER s FLANGE (D) by small nails greater than that of the shaft. Cut two wooden blocks from 44-inch board and in these blocks saw circular open- ings of a diameter to correspond with the upper flanged part of the finicked bearing D. With small nails, secure these blocks C C to the bed-plates. Anchor screws F are driven into the - ped-plates until their heads stand in line with the surface of the blocks C C. Shape two blocks B B from inch material and drill a hole in each block the exact diameter of the shaft. Nail or clamp these blocks to the bed-plates. These form the bottoms of the molds and are placed so as to hold the shaft in a central position with relation to the mold. Nail the lower block on first, then the upper one may be care- fully adjusted until the shaft is in a vertical position as determined by using the steel square. If, for any reason, the molds are not tight at the bottom, a little asbestos or putty may be tamped in. e One layer of very thin paper must ke pasted around the shaft at the points where the metal will flow. The shaft is first placed in position as shown in the illustration, and then the papers are wrapped around it. The distance between the lower edges of the papers must be equal to that between the bottom lines of the bed-plates A The shaft is then carefully lowered until the papers reach the blocks B B. Old type metal may. be used. for babbitt metal. It can be melted in a baking-powder can with the edge bent to form a lip, and having a wire twisted . around the can-to-form-a- handle. If the point where the bearings are located is inaccessible for pouring, a V-shaped trough may be shaped from heavy Since the metal

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Washing Machine in the Home The Drop Hammer in the Factory Machinery and Inventive Gentus Production of the clothes you wear, the food you eat, the modern comforts of the home, the labor-saving aids for the office, the very money you use, all involve the employment of wonderfully constructed and productive machinery. The immense value of machinery to thousands of factories, farms, mines, offices, homes —to hundreds of differ- ent and widely diversified industries _ everywhere, cannot be computed. To the Man I offer a comprehensive, experienced, efficient service for his prompt, legal protection and the development of his ’ proposition. Send sketch, or model and descrip- tion, for advice as to cost, search through prior United States patents, etc. Preliminary advice gladly fur- nished without charge. New and useful machinery, of tre- mendous importance to all lines of industry is continually being invented, patented, protected and put into profit- able operation. The proper procedure in obtaining a patent for an invention is absolutely necessary in order that you may realize the profits that your ideas may be worth, With an Idea My experience and familiarity with various arts frequently enable me to accurately advise clients as to probable patentability before they go to any expense. Booklet of valuable information and form for properly disclosing your idea, free on recsest. Write today. RICHARD B. OWEN, PATENT LAWYER 6 Owen Building, Washington, D. C. 2776P Woolworth Building New York City

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. “ig ig SS TENTS IF YOU HAVE AN aw INVENTION and DESIRE SECURE A PATENT, send for Our Guide Book, HOW TO GET A PATENT, sent Free on request. etc. Send model or sketch and description of your invention and we will give our opinion as to its patentable nature. RANDOLPH & CO. 130 F St., N. W. Washington, D. C. PATENTS F YOU HAVE AN INVENTION which you wish to patent you can write fully and freely to Munn & Co. for advice in regard to the best way of obtaining protection. Please send sketches or a model of your invention and a description of the device, explain- ing its operation. All communications are strictly confi- dential. Our vast practice, extending over a period of seventy years, enables us in many Cases to advise in regard to patentability without any expense to the client. Our Hand-Book on Patents is sent free on request. This explains our methods, terms, etc., in regard to Patents, Trade Marks, Foreign Patents, etc. If you are a reader of the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN you are probably aware of the fact that it has a special appeal to the inventor. Each issue contains a description of a large number of recently pat- ented inventions. Pending pat- ent legislation as well as the most recent rulings of the Patent Office and the courts are considered in its columns. MUNN & CO. SOLICITORS OF PATENTS 683. Woolworth. Building, New York 624 F Street, Washington, D. C. Tower Building - Chicago, Ill. ATENTS PROCURED and TRADE-MARKS REGISTERED === Eighteen Years’ Experience. Instructions and Terms on request. Specializing in Patent and Trade-mark Practice exclusively ROBB & ROBB, Attorneys at Law 840 Southern Bldg., 1336 Schofield Bldg., Washington, D.C. Cleveland, Ohio. TO LEARN HOW TO Tells our Terms, Methods, ES SOG. u te sy ENG SAG Ras eke bare see sasha tame i iy aes nO er See eS 2y EN CORR asc Free Book Patents ) Before applying for a patent write for a Free Copy of our _ book “How to Obtain a Patent,” which contains valuable information and advice to inventors. It tells how to secure patents. Send a model or sketch of your invention for our ‘Evidence of | Conception’ form and our opinion of its patentable nature—Iree. Twenty years’ experience in patent matters. Write today for your FREE BOOK. 4622 Tolbert Gidg., WASHINGTON, D.C. See | Send sketch or model for actual search and report. Write for Book- let of instructions on patent practice and procedure. Prompt personal service.... Geo. P Kimmel Patent Lawyer AF 39-A Loan and Trust Building, Washington,D.C. COAL CPT EAH ea AA eer teeter ree es PORTH ERRATA TPR LACK L PATHETIC saes reir areaaites eseeeeeeeeen Terms Reasonable PATENTS Write for free booklet Highest References Send model or drawing for preliminary examination and report as to patentability Best Results ALL BUSINESS GIVEN PROMPT AND PROPER ATTENTION WATSON E. COLEMAN, Patent Lawyer, 624:F St., Washington, D.C. shrinks in cooling, it is best to remove the shaft from the castings as soon as the metal has hardened. The paper wrappings should then be cieared away. The molten babbitt flows around and shrinks down upon the screws F, SCREWS Vaan BEARING WOODEN BED PLATE One layer of a very thin paper must be pasted around the shaft at the points where the metal will flow which saves -you. the trouble of drilling screw holes. It is necessary to tighten the screws when the metal is cold. If the shaft is not to extend beyond ‘the’ lower“ bed-plate;: a- metal -plate G may be screwed to the bed-plate to receive the weight of the shaft. Pillow-blocks for a horizontal shaft may be made in a similar manner. The perspective view shows a pillow- block made from wood. The sectional view shows a pair of blocks ready to receive the molten babbitt. Blocks H H are screwed or clamped to each face of the pillow-block J and the metal poured through drilled holes at J. Two Methods of Protecting an Emery Wheel HE illustration shows how a simple guard can be constructed for an emery wheel. The improvement of this design over the regular style is that it can be adjusted for the kind of work to be per- ee formed and also reduced as the size of the. wheel diminishes. Slots in the baseand uprights 9 ofthe guards and &= a winged nut pro- vides for prompt The guard is adjusted adjustment. in the manner shown Another feature found worth while is to use a very flexible.material as a front hang-piece; a thin piece of leather or heavy paper will do. While it may seem to rest on the wheel when not in motion, as soon as the wheel starts to revolve, a current of air raises it just enough to clear the wheel. It is a perfect guard against sparks and small particles. of ‘stéel.—J: C: GRINDELL. A 7 c in th brass may quit with ple d illust the. speci at hi groov will r You U tie reside upon exped insert pipe, above he a garde. The over : flatter AX FLATTENE Spre gas-| stop-v sectiol from duced serted kindli: _ The sity o ignitin Dur When Just te allowe ingly }

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SP Se a. ee a Se — &

Pree 7; A Homemade Groove-Cutter for Oil Bearings T sometimes happens that a me- chanic desires to cut a round groove in the surface of some metal such as brass, aluminum, or other alloy. This may be done ATTACHED TO HANDLE; quite readily _croove with the sim- rf ple pale ~~ illustrated, i CROSS-SECTION there is no LE or ceowve special machine at hand to do this work. The device consists merely of a new wood-screw soldered or welded to a sort of handle, as shown. The screw is selected according to the size of the groove to be cut. To operate, press the screw down on the metal and pull it back and forth along the line where the groove is to be cut. Press it gently at first, increasing the pressure as the metal is scraped out. If possible set the object to be grooved at an angle so that the filings will rol] off.—Davip BaxtTEr. A satisfactory oil groove bearing can be made with this device You Can Start Your Furnace with Gas UILDING a fire in the furnace was a difficult task for a certain ‘resident of Elkhart, Ind., until he hit upon a novel, yet extremely simple, expedient. He hired a plumber to insert a three-way knuckle in the gas- pipe, which ran under the floor and above the furnace. To the outlet he attached a length of ordinary garden hose. The lower end of the hose fitted over a piece of 3-in. pipe, which was flattened out at the end. An ordinary TEE CONNECTION y PATENT write for

~ sent Free on request. Highest References

New York Offices 1001 Woolworth Bldg. Main Offices: 760 9th Street, N. W., WASHINGTON, D. C. GENTLEMEN: Please send me FREE OF CHARGE your Book as described above. 7

Before disclosing an invention, our blank form Prompt Service

FREE COUPON! VICTOR J. EVANS & CO., Patent Attorneys Pittsburgh Offices 514 Empire Bldg. Philadelphia Offices 136 S. Broad Street Fo) ATE “EVIDENCE OF CONCEPTION.” This should be signed and witnessed and if returned to us together with model or sketch and description of the invention, we will give our opinion as to its patentable nature. ; Our Illustrated Guide Book, “HOW TO OBTAIN A PATENT,” Contains full instructions regarding Patents, Trade-Marks, Foreign Patents, Our Methods, Terms, and 100 Mechanical Movements illustrated and described, Articles on Patent Practice and Procedure, and Law Points for Inventors. Reasonable Terms

TRADE-MARKS AND the inventor should Chicago Offices 1114 Tacoma Bldg.

Jearn ow Sh oer Conan et Serene os on RAED PRETO 875. Weer Lea sige Gers DETROIT SCHOOL OF LETTERING, * 532 0.S.L. Bldg. Detroit, Mich. guarantee PATENT SENSE INVENTORS

eye OUESY inte Write for catalog, samples, \ Samer se

a a ]) Publishes a 18 cash art as- pt ES signments MAGAZINE lessons and articles on Cartooning, Designing, Illus- trating, Lettering and Chalk-Talking. Criticises amateurs’ work, Full of in- formation for artists.and art students. Satisfactory or money refunded. 20c a copy, $1 a year. Send $1 NOW, Thrift Stamps Taken 7 G.H.LOCKWOOD, Editor, Dept.544 Kalamazoo, Mi

DEAFNESS I know because I-was Deaf and had Head Noises ay for over 30 years. My invisible Antiseptic Ear Drums restored my aes omgped Head Noises, and will do it for you. Cannot be is caused by Catarrh or by Perforated, Partially or IS MISERY ey are Tiny Megaphones. seen when worn. Effective when Deafness SIXTH EDITION

Wholly Destroyed Natural Drums. Easy to put in, easy to take out. Are “Unseen Comforts.’ In- expensive. Write for Booklet and my sworn statement of how I recovered my hearing. = A. O. LEONARD Suite 301, 70 Sth Avenue - «© New York City

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\ > . “ FLATTENED END 3/4. GAS PIPE Spraying the coals with flame from the gas-pipe results in a quick and sure fire stop-valve was fitted into this lead section of pipe. The gas streaming from the section, when lighted, pro- duced a wide, flat flame. This, in- serted in the furnace under a pile of kindling, created perfect ignition. _ The device did away with the neces- sity of kindling, the flame quickly igniting a, filling of coal. During the fall and spring months, when fires are started in the furnace Just to take the chill off, and are then allowed to go out, this idea is exceed- ingly practical— Curr SHAFER.

uaa ppl: Li Nena; THIS FOR DON’T LOSE YOUR RIGHTS TO PATENT PROTECTION Before disclosing your invention to anyone

CAN YOU think of a simple, practical idea that will fill one of the many requests we have on file for new inventionst It may mean a fortune for you. Thousands of things are needed RIGHT NOW. Your brains can help. Send today for our great new beak“ tevaahonts and Trade Marks, Their Protection and Exploitation”? and learn more about making money from ideas than you ever knew before. It tells many things that are wanted, too. A postal will do— it is free.

send for blank CEPTION”’ to be signed and witnessed. <A sample form together with printed instructions will show youjust how to work up your evi- dence and establish thesame before filing ap- plication for patent. As registered patent at- torneys we represent hundreds ofinventors all over the United States and Canadain the ad- vancement of inventions. Our schedule of fees WASHINGTON, D. C. Originators of forms ‘Evidence of Coaception.” form ‘EVIDENCE OF CON-

the dollars out of

"We help our clients, without charge, to = ADVERTISED PATENTS will be found reasonable. The form ‘Evidence ideas — having facilities of Comers. sample, pone ype = gry none others possess. For Sale Free to obtaining of patents and sc le of fees a sent upon request. Ask for them,—a post card Advice Free. In INVENTION And will do. vopont delay — get the MANUFACTURING at once. SUPPLEMENT. AMERICAN mE ISS ee ublished for the INDUSTRIES, INC. man with an idea. Send for free sample 201 Patent Dept. ’ Our Idg. copy. One year’s sub- ee aa WASHINGTON, D. colghios Bie. ~

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os a al ee: a ue Mate. _— ; The instrument load packed up for a long trip across rough country T is quite possible that radio may I soon be called in to make motor- truck haulage even more efficient than it is. Many factors point in this direction. Direction-finders, electron- relay sending and receiving apparatus, and all the related appliances have been marvelously improved within the last two or three years. Already they are directing the movements of ships at sea and in harbors. It is only logical to conclude that they have the same field for operation in directing the travels of fleets of motor trucks on land, since motor-trucks travel about, and are hard to reach in cases of emer- gency, just as are ships. Yet they need to be kept filled with “cargoes” and at all times routed most efficiently, or they lose money —again, just like ships. So the For the Radio Experimenter Running Trucks by Radio. Why not direct your motor trucks like ships? By Lloyd E. Darling tion, which promptly marked the angles on a map—in much the same way as for ships entering harbors, described in the POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY for September, (page 116). The lines thus The bus operator may call up his home office at any moment for instructions stage is all set for the advent of radio in the motor-truck field at this time. Some interest- ing experiments were recently conducted in the suburbs of Lon- don, England. The apparatus used was a form of the pack and wheeled radio set developed orig- inally for use in the British army. Tube transmit- ting apparatus was loaded on a truck, and the vehicle sent on a rambling run through London suburbs under sealed orders, provided, for the sake of the experiment, by the mayor of Colchester. Arriving at a spot fixed in the orders, the operator on the truck began to send out certain radio signals for the benefit of direction-finding apparatus in towns near by. These direction-finders promptly showed which way the truck was from: their respective stations. Their opera- tors ‘‘radiotelephoned”’ the informa- tion to a centrally located control sta- The buses use a loop aerial affixed to the outside in the manner shown marked on the map all inter- sected at one point, obviously , showing theloca- tion of the truck that had gone off and hid itself, under the sealed orders. The control station operator then called up themayor of Col- chester (again by radiotelephone, for the mayor, with a party of ae —_ Here is the appa- pola y™% ratus the outfit that was used on the London buses was developed engineers and others interested in the experiment, were themselves riding around in the motor-bus shown in the illustrations on these pages) and asked the mayor whether the loca- tion of the hidden truck, as deter- mined by the direction-finding appar- atus, was correct and according to what he had specified in the sealed orders. He replied that it was, exactly. This proved the success of the experi- ment. In effect, a truck-owner had been able to locate his truck while he was riding around in another vehicle, an even greater achievement than one would ordinarily be called on to perform. American radio men have already extensively experimented with radio apparatus on trucks, automobiles, lim- ousines, and in fact almost every wheeled vehicle of the kind. But the commercial value of keeping such ap- Generator end of pack apparatus. It fits on the tripod in the illustration below paratus permanently on such vehicles has not so often been emphasized. Doubtless much more such experimenta- tion willbe mac ein theimmediate future. The tests of the English experimenters are indicative of a trend of thought and a development in progress in all countries where both automobiles and radio are highly developed. Obviously, any good radio apparatus should be capable of producing as good results as that illustrated herewith. from “ which An . the Many; cient seeing devel: in m large Ev count by a Moto urban horse- we h along borho probl truck: times, on us and 1 duplic half 1c contr¢ is ina large : away of do owner Th able t tions struct or ga route, kind All mense distan now | talked Hawa York possib

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i = fT ae An Amateur Station Without a Vacuum Tube Is Years Behind | the Times | MARCONIV.T. $7.22 each Under agreements recently effected the Marconi V. T. is the only vacuum tube, or audion, which may be sold to ama- teurs, laboratories, schools of instruction and experimenters. An English electron relay. Note that . the grid resembles a gas mantle Many radio students possessing suffi- cient apparatus may be interested in seeing what they can do in the way of developing an efficient system for use ‘jn motor-vehicle service. There is a large future in the line. Eventually, of course, this great country will be crossed and recrossed by a network of permanent roads. Motor-vehicles carrying freight or inter- urban passengers will be as common as horse-drawn vehicles are now. Already we have made considerable progress along this line, especially in the neigh- borhood of big cities. But the largest problem the owner of a fleet of motor- trucks has is to keep them full at all times, and to prevent them from going The approximate operat- ing life of the MARCONI on useless journeys, or from crossing Fleming Pat. No. 803684 : and ror one another’s paths— De Forest Pat. Nos. 841387-879532 V. T. is 1,500 hours. duplicating effort, in other words, and : half loaded at that. When a centrally Class 1.—Designed for use as controlled system of load-dispatching a detector; operates with plate is inaugurated, operated by radio, a potential of 20 to 60 volts. large share of these wastes can be done : away with. This will mean thousands Class II. Designed for bers of dollars’ gain to the larger truck- as an amplifier; plate potentials 3 melanie from 60 to 110 volts may be Thus the owner of the future will be applied. able to issue orders to his trucks, direc- tions for picking up return loads, in- structions as to where to go for repairs tion. but those of Class I are or gasoline when there is.trouble en ‘ t sie Real t f th best as detectors, and Class II iin “‘’ or other information of the tubes are superior as amplifiers. Tubes in either class may be used for detection or amp‘ifica- All of this will speed up results im- : mensely. Radiotelephones work over St distances of two or three hundred miles % now with ease. They have, in fact, talked as far as from New York to Hawaii, for that matter, or from New York to the British Isles. Much is possible in these coming years. andardized Socket $1.50 additional ; The Marconi Resist- ance, connected inthe cir- cuit between the grid and the filamentofthe Marconi V. T., is made in the fol- lowing standard sizes: 14 megohm, 1 megohm, 2 megohms, 4 megohms, 6 megohms. Standard Resistance, Complete, $1.00 Resistances of any special . f : fractional values up to 6 meg- Federal Audio seegesay wanglegnes Soteeet for use with the ohms can be supplied. 4 =©6. Send all remittances with order to COMMERCIAL DEPARTMENT MARCONI WIRELESS TELEGRAPH CO. OF AMERICA Sole Distributors for De Forest Radio Telephone & Telegraph Co. Room 1868, Woolworth Building - - 233 BROADWAY, NEW YORK BRANCH OFFICES: G anid coach § American Bidg., Baltimore, Ma. 301 Commercial Bank Anmen, New Orleans, La enerator load rea or army trans- merican . timore, Md. ommercial Ban nex, New Orleans, La. port. Additional oe rd aerial Insurance Exch. Bldg., San Francisco, Cal. 109 South 2nd St., Philadelphia, Pa. , and the rest of the paraphernalia ks ens@eue j ;

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FT MPR SM DOP SE eS, ee Pe ee ee * in = eens ange no caine They work | naturally and form naturally and form Earn $100 to $400 a Month Richt at home, All you need is 6to8 week's opie yang ee wy pean an 0 repzir your neighbor’s Autos, Trucks, F Tractors and i arm Power Learn Easily and Quickly SPOS TT TA We can train any man, young or eld. Per- sonal] training under same Master Mechanic Instructors who supervised training of thousands of Soldier Mechanics. Newest and best equipment ever used for training Training fai Contes” ” a: Special Rates Now Write dav for rematien, and 1p Dey mat es FREE Kansas City Auto & Tractor School Dept. 777 15th & Lydia, Kansas City, Mo. Why Pay Full Pricesfor Diamonds This diamond banking house of nearly yay *% century, rated over $1,000,000 00 oO. lends money On diamonds and high grade lewelry. We must find a market for the unpaid loans, Hundreds of diamonds to offer, sent on avproval, g savings proved Sond for Latest List o Diamond Loans Free and without obligation—wonderful lists of amazing bargains, radically different from . You haveevery opportun- ity free to test and verify. these VA before hny, Write ° Fas eked Sse 067 Datoy Se Pittsburgh, Pa. National Bank: Unt Prt G ” Bank of Pitts- ih, ‘NA... Pittsburgh. Make Old Vacuum Tubes into Geissler Glow Lamps ACUUM tubes usually last about a year and a half. Even after this good service they need not be thrown away, for there is a use for them that opens up a wide field for ex- periment. The ideais to make them into a sort of Geissler tube by connecting any two leads from the bulb (except both fila- ment leads at the same time) to the secondary of a spark-coil, small or ; large. Since the tubes are high- ly evacuated, a pleasing light will be seen in- side the tube. Differenteffects may be had by pasting a small piece of tinfoil square up about the middle of the glass and connecting one secondary lead to this and the other to either of the filament leads or to the plate or grid. Since the plate is near- est the glass, the tube gives most light when it is one of the electrodes. Instead of tinfoil, a loop or coil of one or two turns of bare or insulated wire may be wrapped around the tube, and the secondary lead connected to the loose end of the wire. If one lead is connected to the plate, grid, or fila- ment, and the other lead grounded, the bulb will light, though not brightly. In fact, there are countless experi- ments that the live amateur can de- vise with this simple bulb and coil connection. , One advantage of the idea is that even a small }-inch coil will run the tube very well. An interesting line of experi- ment is to take pictures of the Tubes glow beau- tifully in the dark Geissler effects require but a simple circuit bid tf | Mt | SECONDARY $90 to°250 aMonth Free Bool lells How Write today for this big new Free Book on SIGNAL ENCINEERING Railroads need fe this important work. Bi pocittons .eE throughout United Sta: i get the exact Today—N: x Dept. of Signaling, Room 1201, 1810 Wilson Ave. Chicago need. Write for it-- “ THERE'S PONEY INIT” =A-=LEARN TELEGRAPH Y5ine = MORSE AND WIRELESS=-—— -— _} TEACH YO!JRSELF unlimited Morse or Continental messages, at any would. Adopted b Schoo speed. y U. S. Gov't. and leading Universities, Colleges and Telegraph ls. 4 styles. Catalog free. OMNIGRAPH MFG. CO., Dept. H., 39 Cortlandt St., New York. en eS SRE ree fate Oe rammmnmemen: se =; aE in half usual time, at trifling cost, with the wonderful Automatic Transmitter THE OMNIGRAPH. Sends , just as an expert operator RR light emitted Fuuament = by the tube. cri —— The best way co € . = is to take the FILAMENT Pp or photograph in the dark and let the glow of the bulb, only, register on the plate. The camera should be focused before the lights are pen throughout United States Bis! turned off. The bulb should then be training you put in operation, and an exposure of about seven minutes will be found to be correct, though this varies with the strength of light emitted. The photograph herewith shows some of the various effects produced by an old Fleming valve of only two elements. The picture really does not do justice to the beautiful light pro- duced. It is of a weird blue color, and about one inch ° use fila val ho ma an bai pos net in sta aci r the bes

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fills the whole tube like a firefly glow. When taking pictures of this kind, the spark-coil and batteries and switch should be placed behind the camera so the spark of the vibrator will not take in the picture. In experimenting with these tubes, sometimes one gets a bright blue light with a strange Northern Light move- ment going on inside the glass. This is characteristic of Geissler tubes. Again, the light is broken up by a single beam, brighter than the rest, which twirls about between the plates, one end turning on a fixed spot as an axis, and the other end revolving uround the edge of a plate. To test this light between the two plates, run the bulb steadily for twenty-five minutes. At the end of that time the glass will retain exactly the same heat as at the start. This is because the light produced in a vacuum is somewhere near that great degree of perfection, cold light. With certain circuits, however, the tube sometimes gets hot. Sometimes light from a tube is stratified or in bands. This cannot be perceived so well with the eye as with the camera. —Putuip A. WALL. Use a Water Rheostat to Control the Filament WIRE rheostat of ten or more ohms resistance is ordinarily used to control the temperature of the filament in an electron relay or vacuum valve. If one is not readily available, however, a rheostat may readily be made of a test-tube, some salt water, and odds and ends of wire. The assembly is shown in the figure. Pushing the glass rod down through the cork causes the liquid to rise in height, and thus decreases the resistance between the submerged elec- trodes. Pushing the glass rod down, therefore, means that the filament: of the electron relay will get brighter. The water rheo- stat is inserted in series with the battery and the filament. Binding- posts on the baseboard make con- nection easy. _ Salt and water will do for the liquid in the test-tube. Ions of another sub- stance must be present. Salts-or an acid will provide these. The electrodes within the solution may be made of almost any metal. but those that do not corrode easily are best.— A. A. MacKusicx. A test-tube makes a simple rheostat Learn Wireless By Mail oe Pah in Ten Institute Graduates service, merchant marine, De ERCHANT MARINE es, 4 1 aN) e%, 4 A ’ > Salaries Up to $250 a Month with exceptional opportunity for promotion to Radio Mechan- > ics, Electricians, Engineers, and A Government Inspectors. No My previous experience or training is necessary. You can learn wireless the National Radio Institute way in ten weeks by mail right in your own home. With our help you can quickly qualify for First Grade Gov- hk ernment License and a g position at big pay. Many of our students secure positions before completing the course because it is based on actual practice and teaches what is needed to make a big success of wireless work. Get Your Instructions From The Nation’s Capital (Our Course is Endorsed By the United States Government Officials) The National Radio Institute, established in 1914, was. the 7 first in America to successfully teach wireless by mail. It is headed by authorities who have been closely allied with govern- ment training of students. The . work is under the direction of “ J. E. Smith, E. E., formerly director of the Radio Depart- ment, Howard University, and AE. R. Haas, formerly of the Radio Division of Yale Uni- versity, assisted by a compe- tent corps of trained instructors and lecturers. We now have hundreds of stu- dents throughout the world. Our location in the Nation’s Capital, together with the standing of our officers and their wide acquaintance among government officials connected with Wireless activities, places usin position to give our students the best instruction obtainable and to be of the ut- most help in assisting them to secure good paying positions. Travel If You Want To If you want to travel and see the world, go to foreign coun- tries and increase your knowl- edge of world affairs, wireless offers you the chance of a life- time. However, you are not obliged to travel but may se- cure a permanent ition at one of the many land radio offices, railroads, telegraph or steamship companies, pre- ’ ferred. BS Zane. me \ | Je a 24 f ae, eV ee 1¢ ~ Ps SX: Pay As You Learn > Our plan of payment places a wireless education within the reach of anyone who desires to learn. » A small payment down on our convenient payment plan and small following payments en- able you to earn the cost of = tuition while actually earning to be a wireless op- erator. Weeks Cros Coming in Steadily for National Radio From All Parts of the Country. Four Concerns Guarantee to Take All Operators We Can Furnish. Commercial Radio has arrived and many attractive positions are now open in the commercial land radio railroads, radio supply factories, lake and ocean steamship lines, telegraph companies and aerial mail service. ceiving requests for more National Radio Institute graduates than we can furnish. We are now re- Free Instruments To Every Student In addition to six text books— 35 special lessons and 18 per- sonal examinations—we send ou, while taking our course, a tandard Automatic Transmit- ting and Receiving set for send- ing and receiving messages. These fine instruments are free only to National Radio Insti- tute students. Free Membership in N. R. I. Relay League Upon enrollment every stu- dent in the National Radio In- stitute is presented with a hand- - some blue and gold pin, signi- fying his official membership in the N. R. I. Relay League, with a rapidly growing mem- bership throughout the world. FREE In addition to our complete course in radio telegraphy, ev- ery student is given our com- plete course in modern radio telephony. This course com- prises ten special lessons and ten personal examinations. These combined courses enable our students to fill positions re- quiring thorough knowledge of both radio telegraphy and mod- ern radio telephony. Send the following coupon to- day for our FREE book con- taining all particulars and spe- cial offer to students enrolling now. Mail This Coupon Today National Radio Institute, Dept. 148, 14th & U Sts., N. W., Washington, D. C. Send me, free of charge, your booklet, “Wireless The Op- portunity of Today.” with full particulars regarding your famous ten weeks’ Home Study Course and your Special FREE INSTRU- MENT OFFER.

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De A a ee ate ner RN oe New Easy Way To Learn Drawing How you can earn big money in Commercial Art, Illus- trating, Designing, or Car- tooning, without being a “genius,” and regardless of your present ability. Never was there such a need for artists as today! Business revitalized, needs thousands. [Illustrated cata- logs, advertisements, posters, circu- lars, trade-mark designs — countless pieces of art work are needed by the busy business world. 48,868 periodi- cals are published in America — every one of them needs the services of at least two artists for each issue. You can’t begin to realize the gigantic amount of art work that must be done —and the demand is increasing daily. Big money is gladly paid — and big money is waiting for anyone with fore- sight enough to prepare for this pleas- ant profession. Thru our new easy method of teaching, YOU can earn $40 to $100 a week as an artist, regard- less of your present ability. Learn in Spare Time This new method is like a fascinating game. No matter how little you may know about drawing, no matter whether people tell you, “‘you have no talent,” no matter what your present ability may be — if you can write we can teach you to draw. The new method simplifies everything — all the red- tape, “art for art’s sake”’ teaching, and super- fluous theory is taken out and in its place is put definite, practical instruction so that you will make money in the art game. The course is the work of an expert — Will H. Chandlee, an artist of over 35 years’ practical experience. And all your instruction is under the personal supervision of Mr. Chandlee. Write for Interesting Free Book An interesting and handsomely illustrated book- let, “How to Become an Artist,” has been prepared and will be sent to you without cost if you mail the coupon below. Mail coupon NOW for this attrac- tive free book and full details about our FREE ARTIST’S OUTFIT OFFER. No obligation what- ever. Address Washington School of Art, 11112 HSt. N. W ton School of Art, 11112 HSt. N.W.. Washineton, D.C. WASHINGTON SCHOOL OF ART, Inc., 11112 H St. N. W., Washington, D. C. Please send me, without obligation, free book *‘How to Become an Artist” together with fuil particulars of Free Artist’s Outfit Offer. ESS i> as Sr ae A ES eC ee ea ane oGa ee eo Ridding Radio of Static By Greenleaf W. Pickard The following article comprises excerpts from a paper, ‘‘Static Elimination by Directional Reception,’’ delivered recently before the Institute of Radio Engineers, New York. Aside from being an experimenter of note in this field, Mr. Pickard also holds several fundamental patents on crystal detectors, and is one of the real pioneers in the radio art. Toward the end of the paper Mr. Pickard tells several facts here- tofore unknown about the workings of the mysterious receiving station that the Navy operated at Otter Cliffs, Maine, during the war. Altogether the paper is of. much interest and value to radio students. It will be printed in full in the Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers shortly.—EDiTOR. HE writer’s theory of static might be summed up as follows: Accord- ing to the assumed character and loca- tion of the discharging masses, static waves may be expected to come in on the receiving stations from all angles in altitude and azimuth, with a maximum individual intensity from above, and a maximum frequency in the neighbor- hood of the horizon. The total dis- turbing effect will in general come in from points nearer the horizon than the zenith, although the altitude of the ring of maximum disturbance is in- definite. The individual planes of polarization may take all possible angles, but with a preponderance in a direction determined by the earth’s magnetic field. Finally it would seem that the most probable static wave form was a single highly damped pulse, because of the low conductivity of the discharging masses. Like Receiving Light Signals by Day According to the above theory, the problem of the elimination of static and the preservation of the signal consists simply of the reception of a wave-train originating at all points in altitude and azimuth. In a broad sense, there are two solutions for this problem, one in- volving a separation of signal and static based upon their difference in wave form, and the other a separation based simply on sharply directional reception. It is quite clear that if we could restrict reception to a small, solid angle, including the distant station, there would be relatively little static included. To use an optical analogy, the problem is essentially like that of receiving monochromatic light signals in full day- light. A spectroscope or a filter screen would be one solution, and directive reception as by a telescope another, but best of all would be a combination of the two. In present-day radio commu- nication we have already highly de- veloped the spectroscopic or filter separation of signal from static, as by sharply resonant circuits and beat reception. But, although we have had two practicable types of sharply direc- tional receiving circuits for the past twelve years or more, very little use of these appears to have been made until quite recently. History of Directional Reception The first method of obtaining sharply directional reception was originally suggested by Elihu Thomson in 1899, was patented in England by S. G. Brown in the same year, was more fully disclosed and patented in this country by Stone in 1902, was elaborately worked out for two, three, and four collecting circuits by Braun in 1906, and, more recently, was used by Weagant. Two or more separate col- lectors are employed, spaced apart a material fraction of a wave-length in the line of propagation. These col- lectors act upon a common secondary circuit in such wise that, when the col- lectors are simultaneously affected by any disturbance, the currents set up therein will arrive in phase at the center of the system, and there, by opposed windings, be placed 180 degrees apart in phase in their effect upon the secon- dary. Because of this opposition, such currents will not affect the detector, and no signal will be produced. On the other hand, the signal wave, passing the collectors successively, will set up currents therein which will arrive at the CRSA RK) one 80s Behan es 6 ‘oon 00” a abe eo aes ee tee ad ss : im ee ee che «si ‘ , a TED STATES PEO. Pb SEEMED TO GELIEVE TH, RELIGIOUS PRACTICE WAS MADE DIFFICULT: TO REGRET A STATES F TRIN GS A Scere eine cee amen remem ° Sets eof no SSE-E SB, sy 3 *8 SATE eats eeetats teueetaninanebayy a St ee ee at Otter Cliffs relays messages to Washington, using the upper tape. Lower tape shows how a message from Europe. looks as received on an automatic machine

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ADR aaeceaataNe Wurtitzer Cornet Outfit 200 YEARS OF @ MUSICAL INSTRUMENT MAKING NEW plan. Wurlitzer, the largest general music house in the world, is offering the finest musical instruments with complete outfits at ag price. With each instrument comes a hand- some carrying case, all attachments and extra parts, music rack, in- struction book and book of mutical selections. This new plan gives = at a tremendous saving all the things that otherwise you would ave to buy separately at regular prices. Complete Musical Outfits Sent On Trial Any Wurlitzer Complete Musical Outfit will be sent for a full week's free trial in your own home. Play the instrument as if it were your own. At the end of the week return the instrument and outfit at our expense if you wish. Convenient Monthly Payments If you decide to keep the instrument, you may yr the direct-from- manufacturer price in small monthly sums. A few cents a day will make one of these beautiful instruments and outfits your own. These Complete Outfits are ready. Send for one on free trial. Violin Mellophone Flute Mandolin Banjo-Ukelele Hawaiian Cornet. Trap Drum Bugle Tenor Banjo Banjo Guitar Saxophone Clarionet Fife Banjo- Banjo-Guitar Viola Trombone Piccolo Guitar Mandolin Ukelele Cello Send for Catalog The instrument of your choice and everything in the complete outfit fully illustrated and described, with full details of the free trial and easy payment plan. Weare manufacturers of all musical instruments. This wonderful catalog is a veritable musical encyclopedia. We will send it to you free and without obligation, Mention the musical instrument in which you are interested. Mail the coupon now. The Rudolph Wurlitzer Co., Dept. 1201 117 E. 4th St., Cincinnati, O.—329 S. Wabash Ave., Chicago, Il, The Rudolph Wurlitzer Co., Dept. 1201, 117 E. 4th St., Cincinnati, O.—329 S. Wabash Ave., Chicago, Il Send me P craw new catalog with illustrations in color and full description of the Wurlitzer Complete Outfits and details of the free trial and easy payment offer. — ' SS = SC "AK gd v Owe VS WY ~~ (Musical instrument en which Iam especially interested )

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peo oem: meni prersesysret tae Pe, pan ES indi it ey 2isew eieienathostnatrenes oor — cians we facia PANS Cis) bs eT Se ee ee panes a Seer SEN SS Seen. ane, ae SISNET F } | 4 5) ] ; 4 ee What Could You Do? Once to every man comes a time when he must fight for his life or the safety of a loved one. It may come in the dead of night in your own home, burgiars for instance; or on a lonely road or deserted street att dark, or even in broad daylight at the hands of passing ullies. Suppose it should come to you tonight, what could you do? Can't you see that it would not be just a question of bravery or strength but rather a question of whether you know how to box, how to defend yourself against the vicious blows of your assailant, how to disarm him if he tries to use a blackjack, club, knife or pistol, how to break his grip on your throat, how to stop the kick he launches at vour stomach, and finally how to cripple him by a jiu-jitsu or bone-breaking hold? Wouldn't you like to know how to play a man’s part? Wouldn't you like to learn boxing and self-defense easily and quickly at less than half the cost of a single term of lessons by the old method? Marshall Stillman has developed a unique principle of teaching boxing and self-defense. Two weeks after taking the course boys of twelve and fifteen, and men up to even eb and sixty have been able to defend themselves against bigeer. and stronger opponents. He teaches the fundamen- of boxing in five lessons before your own mirror, so that when you meet your first opponent you know how to hit him, what to expect in return and how to guard against it. He teaches you sixteen bone-breaking holds and releases in jiu-jitsu and standing wrestling so that you can quickly ut your assailant at a disadvantage and overcome him. For nstance: “When opponent tries to use blackjack or other weapon, grasp his wrist with your left hand and immediately slip your other (right) arm weil up under his arm and, reach- ing up, grasp his weapon-hand from behind. Then with both of your hands force his forearm back, as illustrated above. You can break his arm if necessary. And while he’s teaching you these things, he develops you physically and makes your daily exercise interesting as well as beneficial. It is the first time boxing and self-defense have been successfully taught by mail, and it is only possible because of the Marshall Stillman principle of instruction. The complete course specially bound for home study includes: 5 lessons in boxing—how to hit, duck, guard, feint clinch, and use foot work 3 rounds of shadow boxing 1 set of daily exercises for muscle building 8 jiu-jitsu or bone-breaking hoids and releases 8 holds in standing wrestli: 1 —- M44 of Professor ike Donovan's famous e Science of Boxing”’, containing allof the seeatine blows and guards known to the ring, the rules of boxing, suggestions on training, diet, etc. There are 175 illustrations in this course. The special Introductory Price for this in Home Study Edition is, until further notice, only half of our usual price—$5. 06 instead of $10.00. it is almost unbelievable that you can learn these things by mail, but we are willing to take ail the risk of convincing you. We will send you the complete course on 5-day approval. If you keep it send us $5.00 in full payment; if not, return it on the 5th day. Fill out the coupon now. Free Approval Offer Marshall Stillman Association, 461 Fourth Avenue, Suite F-12. New York. Send on approval the Marshall Stillman Course in Boxing and Selt-defense including 5 lessons in the principles of boxing, 1 set of daily exercises, 3 rounds of shadow boxing, 8 jiu-jitsu holds and releases, 8 holds in standing wrestling, and a free RT of Prof. Donovan’s book “Science of Boxing. li either return them or remit $5.00 on the 5th day oer I receive them. center of the system in an out-of-phase relation, and such signal currents will add in their effect upon the secondary and affect the detector. This is very well shown in the Stone patent. The writer in 1905 devised a system in which two aerials, tuned to the dis- tant station and separated on centers by some thousands of meters, were connected to a common secondary by way of phase-adjusting means, so that the currents were added in the secon- Naval receiving apparatus within the isolated houses, Otter Cliffs station. Mr. Pickard’s circuits helped elimination of static here dary in such phase as to produce the maximum signal. This method was first published in a patent filed in 1907. The particular case discussed in this publication involved two large loop or coil aerials, arranged in an east-and- west plane for the purpose of trans- atlantic reception. These loop aerials consisted of long, low rectangles, and were tuned to the desired wave-length by inserting series capacity and induc- tance. With this system it is possible to so adjust the phase relations of the currents arriving at the secondary that interference or static arriving from any particular direction is canceled out inthe secondary, and does not affect the detec- tor. A further advantage of this system, which has recently been pointed out by Weagant, is the fact that it has materi- ally greater or sharper directional recep- tion than any single type of collector. The second method of directional reception devised by the writer does not involve, even for long wave reception, such geographical dimensions as the other systems. This second method consists simply of a closed tuned circuit or coil aerial, of dimensions small as compared with a wave-length. In its most effective form, consisting of a coil aerial combined with a so-called “‘open”’ aerial, this method gives true unilateral reception. The coil may be of quite small dimensions, particularly when it is employed simply as a radio compass. The first portable radio compass in existence was employed by the writer in 1907-1908 for mapping out the wave- front around a transmitting station. This radio compass consisted of a three- turn loop, one meter in diameter, shunted by a variable air-condenser and a crystal-detector. Heretofore the reception chzracteris- GET A REAL WIRELESS RECEIVING SET THIS CHRISTMAS! Any boy, or any man, young or old, will find wireless work interesting, fascinating and highly instructive. With a DE FOREST Unit Receiving Set you can “listen in” on wireless news from everywhere; find out what is happening on land and sea, and train yourself in the wonderful science of Radio Telegraphy. DE FOREST Radio Apparatus, both send- ing and receiving, is practical, scientific and accurate. It is the same as is used by Government Stations, Navy Ships and big Commercial operators, but specially de- veloped for Amateurs’ use. With the DE FOREST Unit Receiving Set you can start moderately and inexpensively and build up your outfit as you learn more. This is the most practical set for the beginner; the most educational set for the experienced Amateur, Send for Catalogue P. S. Find out more about Wireless work: send 10 cents in stamps for our cata- logue and get full information. DE FOREST Radio Apparatus is sold by the leading Hlicctrical Stores in many cities. Ask your dealer to show you the newest DE FOREST Apparatus. DEFOREST RADIO TEL. & TEL. CO. Inventors and Manufacturers of Amateur and Commercial Radio Apparatus. 1415 Sedgwick Avenue, New York City “ASK ANYONE WHO HAS USED IT” Brandes Wireless Headset TRI AL Buy a_Brandes Su- perior Headset and OFFER use it critically for ten days. Then, if it doesn’t come up to our ciaims or your expectations, return it and your money will be cheer- fully refunded. Test it — com- pare with others—for sensitive- hess, clearness, distance. Prove for yourseif the fine quality, the “‘matched tone.” The two diaphrams, toned exactly alike, on mm the s a and pre- vent b lurring. sed by many U.S. Gov't experts and experts abroad; - colleges and techni- cal schools: and by profession - als and amateurs everywhere. Send 4c for Catalog R C. BRANDES, Inc., 32 Union Sq., Room 818, New York, U.S. A. Wireless Receiver Specialists Send for Catalog A-29 It is pocket =. 8x4¥4 and contains 264 es with over a _ illustrations, describi n > **Superior’’ Set 7 2000 ohms $ Batteries, Telephone and Telegraph Mat 1, Electric Toys, Burglar and F Alarm Contrivances, Elec- tric Call Bells. Medical Batteries, Electricaily Heated Apparatus, Bat- tery connectors, Switches Battery Gauges, Wireless Telegraph Instruments. Ignition Supplies, etc. Send for a copy now. Manhattan Electrical Supply ceed Inc. New York, 17 Park Place St. Louis, 1106 Pine St. Chieago, 114 So. Wells St. oon Francisco, 604 Mission St. SEXUAL KNOWLEDGE ILLUSTRATED By boc ge SCOTT es Ph.D. LAIN What ¢ Bates young man he Every young — should know t band and ~—!.91.00 every Young should kn should know ost What ene arent should know ret paid Cloth binding— “bo pages—many Cenc wrapper Table of AMERICAN PUB. CO., 117 Winston Bidg., Philadelphia tics cipé zon hav wor foll Sct pro wal Ale Bar was the low ver was rec its tha had whe inv rece A ope coil fou Ott tha ant call ac cir loo cul the tio rec cer (ei un: its act an get tos wi eig an rel

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ae tics of aerials have been studied prin- cipally, if not exclusively, in the hori- zontal plane. Just why radio engineers have elected to live in a two-dimensional world is rather puzzling. [Much valuable technical discussion follows at this point which the POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY is unable to re- produce because of space limitations.] Origin of Otter Cliffs Station Shortly after America entered the war, a radio station was built for Mr. Alessandro Fabri at Otter Cliffs, near Bar Harbor, Maine. When the station was completed Mr. Fabri donated it to the Navy, and it was first used as a low-spark station. However, it was very shortly found that the location was an excellent one for transatlantic receptions, and this eventually became its principal service. The summer of 1917 having shown that although the Otter Cliffs station had excellent signals, it also had over- whelming static on occasion, Mr. Fabri invited the writer to install directional receiving circuits for static elimination. A circuit was installed, combining open antenna reception with loop or coil reception. This was immediately found successful. Continued use of this circuit at the Otter Cliffs station disclosed the fact that the earth connection of the open antenna was not attached symmetri- cally to the aerial, the result being that a certain amount of current in the open circuit was flowing directly through the loop and connected coil, of course 90 degrees out of phase with the loop current. This tended to decrease the sharpness of the unilateral recep- tion. Considering only the horizontal plane reception of a simple loop aerial, with a certain unbalanced capacity to ground (either by way of unbalanced leads or unsymmetrical construction of the loop itself), it is obvious that the system will act as a combination of loop and open antenna, with the currents added to- gether, not in phase, but in quadrature. As a result of this, the currents will add together irrespective of their direction, with the result that the ideal figure-of- eight reception curve degenerates into an hour-glass-shaped figure. The remedy consists in balancing the loop to ground, as by a three-plate variable condenser. By turning this loop through 180 degrees in its own plane, so that its terminals come out on top, a material advantage results’ in direction-finding. The combined loop and open circuits have been in daily operation, summer and winter, over a period of nearly two years at Otter Cliffs, and have proved consistent performers. During the summer of 1918 the Otter Cliffs station circuits gave unbroken copying of the European stations at times when all other Atlantic coast receiving points were helpless. to Hoorwallund There are thousands of men like Captain Smith who, before the war, were occupying like tensive training relatively unimportant positions in the busi- Then, ina few months after the call to colors, they were holding commissions in é the army. Millions of others found their way from positions in all walks of life into the various camps, where intensive training quickly turned a nation of business men into the world’s finest fighting machine. It almost seemed incredible—but what this array of business men and workers did as “their bit” is now history. What took Germany forty years to prepare for was done in a few months by America. This record was made pos- sible only by intensive training. Though Captain Smith may return to his old job of floorwalker, it will be only for a short while—time enough to complete a course of intensive training in some line or other that will make him mentally fit for a better paid and more responsible position. He knows that intensive training will do this for him just as surely as it ualified him for a commission in the aaa. ntensive training made him a leader of men, It enabled him to give orders instead of taking them. It enabled him to think, act and reason for himself and do the thinking for those under him— often a matter of life and death. No! Captain Smith couldn’t be content in his old job, because he knows how to get a better one. The War’s Great Lesson Every man who stepped from his job in civil life into an intensive training camp has learned a val- uable lesson—a Jesson that will make him a better business man if he but has the will to win. These men have witnessed the wonders of intensive training—have seen the metamorphosis in their own individual lives as well as in those of others, and it is but natural to assume that, if intensive training in military matters ‘ormed such won- ders, it must have the same beneficial effect when applied to business. The history of business and of business successes points unerringly to the assistance rendered by intensive training. Since the armistice was signed, and more par- ticularly sincethe American trospsbeees toarrive home, there has been a noticeable increase in the number of enrollments for intensive business train- ing in all lines of endeavor taught by the American School. usands of men who were simply “‘get- ting 7 ’ instead of “getting on” before they joined the colors, have learned a lesson and they are not going to be content with the poorly paid jobs they held inthe past. This fact is proved by the great increase in students who are availing themselves of American School training. In a few months these students who are now applying intensive training as a solution of “how to get on,” will be able to qualify for the goal they have in mind. The spare time hours they devote to this training will bring them rich rewards in the form of bigger pay checks, better positions and more congenial work. The result of such training cannot be otherwise, od trained men are the scarcest commodity on e An Investment Without an Equal If you think for a moment that there is another investment that can al the time and small amount of money spent in intensive training—get out your pencil and do some figuring. If a course of intensive training in your chosen line costs you from $50 to $100—and your spare ¢ time—how much would that money earn for you if in in stock? From three to ten do per year would be the limit, wouldn't it? The same amount invested in intensive training will double, treble or ay your earning power several t: because it es you a better busi- ness man makes those who We of that fact. There’s no sentiment in amy cama salaries. wou got paid for what you can do—an that depends solely on what you know. of the same method betterment in business life. proof below that it’s the only way to eecure promotion and much better pay. ploy youaware Nn After seeing what a few months of in- Your spare time does : did for him from a not earn you anything military standpoint, he, and thousands NOW-—so you can’t ‘are going to avail themselves charge anything to a as a means of self- course of intensive bus- iness training but the actual cost of the course. If the result of this training only in- c your earning power by ten dollars a week— and that is a con- servative figure—you would net FIVE HUNDRED AND TWENTY DOLLARS a year from a small investment of cash and spare time. That is asmall gain when compared with actual returns reporte: y American School students, but small as it is it serves to prove that there is no other investment in the world that pays so well as a trained brain. Thousands Bettered by American School Training It has been the privilege of the American School, a fully chartered educational institution, to pre- pare thousands of ambitious people for better posi- tions in all trades and —— For nearly a quarter-century it has been advocating intensive training. and, today, there are thousands to testify to its efficacy—thousands who are now enjoyin healthy incomes and congenial work as a result 0} the spare time they devoted to American School training. The same measure of success can be yours. wf of scores of these successes will gladly be mailed you on request. A School That Is Known by Its Guarantee _..The American School believes that education, like merchandise, should be sold on a “‘make ‘ood”’ basis. Doing business strictly by mail lemands some guarantee as a protection to the student. That is the belief of the American School—and it is on the basis of SATISFAC- TION OR MONEY REFUNDED that a student enrolls. All risk on the part of the student is eliminated. At anytime during the first year of your enrollment we guarantee to refund your money in full if, after the completion of ten ex- aminations, you notify tte School that you are not satisfied with your course. Ten examinations will prove to you whether or not you are getting prac- tical, money-making training. You are the judge. Don’t Dodge a Better Job Whether you get a better position and better pay is up to you and you alone. The American ool can help you get the position you want— just as it has helped its thousands of students. It will not obligate you to investigate what this training means to you. A Free in will ——— on receipt of the coupon. No agents will call on you—and it might prove the best coupon There’s thing you ever did. Check and mail the while this matter is before you. American School of Correspondence Dept. G759 Chicago, U.S. A. TRAINING*THE KEY TO Sl Explain ‘how I can quali ave , quality for the position c Pub Kee’ nt Power > and Auditor coenee Expert Addreaa

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22 SRM A A CENCE: oI cs ray A? My 2 Rai ian TT : 1 ptammae, . Semaeae ont ue PUCCUUEUEEUERUOPEROEEECROEEE ROTTED = Last Big Block OF THE CANADIAN PACIFIC RESERVED FARM LANDS THIS announces the of- fering of the last big block of the Canadian Pacific Reserved Farm Lands. Until this block is disposed of you can secure at low costa farm home in Western Canada that will make you rich and independent. Never again on the American Continent will farm lands be offered at prices so low. Last Big Oppo Tain aujenvaeubvnessaePvidvavsveavitieeTineuenuavidpriiepiteveneisinire DO DTADGUATEOUIECREOODODEROEDUEODRIUCLENERUDIEOUOLOEUOOUOFUGONRO SEO EEAV EDEL RA OHO otrOnEi Cette Alberta and Saskatchewan. Farm Lands on the rich prairies of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and are $11 to $30 an acre. Lands in Southern Alberta under an irrigation system of unfailing water from $50 an acre up. Twenty Years to Pay The Canadian Pacific offers you this land under a plan of long term, easy yments that is remarkable in the istory of farm investments, You pay down 10%. Then you ha Huscuasvuvnlevneyaveevianvoeevieeeviasenicnsansetsiateenensrunenicavine PIM ve no pay- ment on the prin until the end of the fourth year, nm fifteen annual payments, Interest is 6%. In Central Saskatchewan, Seagar Wheeler grew the world’s prize wheat. World’s prize oats were grown at Lloydminster. Lands Under Irrigation In Southern Alberta, the Canadian Pacific Railway has developed the largest individual irrigation undertake ing on the American Continent. This district contains some of the best lands in Canada. An unfailing supply of water is administered under the Cana- dian Government. Prices range from $50 an acre up on the same easy pay- ment terms. Special Rates for Home- seekers and Full Information The Canadian Pacific will notsell you a farm until you have on gee it. To make this easy, special railway rates ve been arranged. Do not delay your inves tion. This is the last great block of Canadian Pacific Farm Homes. Send today for complete information — without @ E. THORN Supt. of Colonization Canadian Pacific Railway 905 First St., E.,Calgary, Alberta For all information about Canada, ask the C. P. R. See Mit SAL PM aytiiene Preece SS = spe For Ford Aut bil Spark Intensifier £96 Porason Teles Sensational value, powerful, safe, more “pep,” Beles tia avabed mark a , ne ~~ "rae rand ne work like new. (o°—" Ae wy akes pings fire through |; grease, oiland carbon. Fasy , to start engine when cold in || winter. QUICK ACTION FOR MONEY MAKERS $3.50 specialty. ( 1,000 per cent profit. ttractive to demonstrate end gets crowds. Sell them yourself” or | appoint your own agents. Intensifier is neatly packed in a po gence $3. 2 Deinted on the pn my el eee | KIEFER MFG. CO. | "415 Palace Bidg. Minneapolis « inn. Learn to Dance! You can learn Fox-Trot, One-Step, T Waltz and latest “up-to-the-minute” soccer’ dances in your own home by the wonderful Peak System of Mail Instruction. New Di Method. Easily learned; usic : thousands it successfully Bo mi S taugh . Write for Spec rms. Send toda tor PRES inference low of -4 Room | OS « 821 Crescent Place = Chicago, lll. This Universal Hook-Up Adapter Saves Wear E is an unusual radio enthusiast who isn’t always trying one hook-up after another. But this wears binding-posts, and in time destroys them. By transferring all the hook- ing-up operations to a central board, = eS BS up AERIAL PHONES, VAR.CON. SEC.L.C. SECONDARY L.C. — 090007 Nil i — CONDENSER, The adapter acts as a central switch- board where all hook-ups may be tried however, all this trouble and loss may be avoided. To make such a “hook-up adapter” board, mount a number of clip bind- ing-posts from old dry batteries in the manner shown. Bakelite, hard rub- ber, slate, fiber, or even dry shellacked wood, may be used as the base m&terial. Connect the various pieces of radio apparatus to this central board as indicated in the diagram. The connections should be well sol- dered to minimize losses due to loose and corroded wires. The wires may be led in from below, or in any other good manner. If it is not desired to solder the wires, small binding-posts affixed to the clip binding-posts may be provided for firmly receiving the wires. Once the pieces of apparatus are well connected to their respective clip binding-posts, the matter of trying different hook-ups is simple. All that one has to do is to thrust wires through the clips and in this way connect whatever groups of clips theparticular hook-up calls for. This may be done very speedily, and as quickly torn down ready for some other connec- tion. As is evident, this is all done without any wear on the various in- struments’ original binding-posts. If one has a collection of old jacks from a telephone switchboard, these may readily be installed in p!ace of the clip binding-posts here shown, and make even a neater product. All per- manent connections will then be on the rear, and the whole board will take up much less space. Plug in on the various jacks to make the temporary connections wanted, just as would be done on a telephone switchboard.— RaymMonp B. WaAILEs. Buy Clothes. From Maker Save 30% That’s one sure way to cut the cost of living. Every year thousands of men buy their suits and overcoats by mail, direct from the makers, thereby saving fully 30 per cent. of the cost, at the same time getting the same quality of cloth and workmanship they are accustomed to buy and with the added advantage of having all their clothes hand tailored to their individual measurements. There is a successful concern in Chicago*which has been making men’s high-grade, made-to- measure suits by mail for over 15 years, and now has thousands of satisfied customers throughout the country. It would probably surprise the average man to go through their records and see the number of men, even in the big cities, who buy their clothes by mail from this concern. If you send a postal card to the Ruby Tailors, Department 841, 329 South Franklin St., Chicago, Ill., they will send you free of charge their latest up-to-date Fashion book, containing a@ number of actual samples of woolens— Fashion plates showing different styles of suits and full instructions for measuring and ordering. Their long experience in dealing with thou- sands of men by mail has put them among the leaders in their line and enables them to guaran- tee to refund the full purchase price of any made-to-measure suit which is not perfectly satisfactory. A number of their customers annually earn substantial sums taking orders among their friends for Ruby Tailored Suits, and the concern makes a very attractive offer to men who desire to add to their income in this way, in addition to saving money on their own clothes. Lose no time in writing for their free Fashion book and complete outfit. {7 ' New nru tore FYrumpet Plays in C, Bb, and A This superb Blorite “‘Symphony Model Trumpet” cannot be equalled for indoor and outdoor work. Just what musicians have long wanted. Prove to yourself, in your own home, its superior tone and quality. until you have poo = Triple- illustrated catalog, just out, for Easy Terms bones, fifes, bugles, drums, etc. Blorite Instrument H en 2 e ins ent FLOUSC, Naperville, Ill. Tone Blorite. oday for SPECIAL LOW INTRODUCTORY PRICES a Don’t buy a cornet or trumpet Sent on Trial Blorite cornets, trumpets, trom- ° ? 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How to Get Music from Electron Relays ; NE line of experimentation that the average radio student has not gone into thoroughly is the getting of music from electron relays—or, to call them by their older name, vacuum TUNE FOR PITCH DETERMINE QUALITY HERE —|e— The circuit required for get- ting music from electron re- laysissimple. To the right of the three relays here shown, others may be’ connected, using the bottom leads 000 #36 ENAMEL 1ouD SPEAKER tubes. The field is wide, and many interesting results can be secured. Herewith we present a wiring dia- gram prepared for us by Dr. Lee De Forest, the inventor of the audion, or original three-electrode electron relay. Three or four years ago he did some work with the musical aspect of aud- ions, and he finds the circuit here given excellent for this work. Every worker with electron relays knows that under certain conditions the tubes make weird noises in the receivers. Sometimes these take the form of humming, or whining, or squealing; again they imitate a dis- tant organ, a violin, or some other instrument. What is not usually realized is that the sounds are controllable; that is, instead of these tones sounding at random, and according to no law, it is possible to produce th.m at will and according to a definite plan. In the diagram herewith three elec- tron relays, A, B, and C, are shown. Each has the same circuit. It is to be understood that other relays with identical wiring are to be connected to the right of the three shown, and to the same three leads those running horizontally across the drawing just beneath the row of relays. The idea is that each of the relays so connected is to be adjusted to give a certain pitch. If we have eleven: relays, that is enough to make an octave and a half (seven notes to an octave), which will be sufficient to play all ordinary tunes. If the player de- sires “A” to sound from the loud speaker, he depresses the key at A. If he wants “B”, he depresses B, and so on. By simply fingering the keys in this way, the operator plays tunes, just as he would with one hand on a piano. To tune the several relays for the pitches desired, adjust the variable condenser marked “tune for pitch.” Of course the particular condenser so marked in the drawing only affects the adjacent relay; but the corresponding Piano, Organ, Violin, Cornet, Guitar, Banjo, Mandolin, Harp, ’Cello, Trombone, Flute, Clarinet, Piccolo, Saxo- phone, Ukulele, Sight Singing, Harmony, and Composi- tion, Hawaiian Steel Guitar, Tenor Banjo, Viola | ) er longer _— the ability ra ya Las! shut out ~ your , “ ” e. Just mail coupon or postal today for our new Free Don't Be a “Wall Flower Book? 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Ideal Aeroplane & Supply Co. Making Model Aeroplanes Since 1911 Cor. Houston & Wooster Sts., New York City condensers in the other cases affect their respective tone-producers. A slight movement of the condenser handle has a marked effect on the pitch produced in each case. It ss therefore possible to tune with con- siderable accuracy. the arrangement is, however, that The most remarkable feature about

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Dr. Lee De Forest. Here he is operating 2 new form of radiotelephone he has invented. It gets its power from a _ lamp-socket. altering the resistances R,, R., R;, and so on, has a marked effect on the quality of the tone each relay produces. The “quality” of a musical note re- lates to the number of overtones pres- ent; that is, the number of harmonics | over and above the fundamental note. It is this factor “‘quality” that enables your ear readily to distinguish be- tween the notes coming from a piano, a violin, a flute, a whistle, a pipe- organ, or any of the other musical sound-producers—this even though the notes emitted by the several in- struments have the same pitch. In other words, by sliding the handle on the resistance R, along in the case of relay A, this relay can be made to give off a note resembling that from a whistle, a violin, an organ, or a variety of other instruments—this even though the adjustment previous- ly given the condenser on the left keeps the relay at a certain fixed pitch all through the other operations. Of course, the quality of the notes emitted by the other relays can be altered by changing their respective R resistances also. By mounting all the R resistances on one board and connecting them together mechanically so they can all be varied together and at one time, it is obvious that the character of the music emitted by the whole apparatus can be altered. by a single motion of the hand. In this way the shift from violin music to that of an organ or other instrument can be rapid. The question may arise in the minds of some as to what would happen if all variable condensers shown at the left of each of the electron relays were connected together mechanically and moved together simultaneously in the manner just described for the case of the

R resistances. Here, in this case, instead

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Statement of the Ownership, Management, Circulation, ete., required by the Act of Congress of August 24, 1912, of Popular Science Monthly, published monthly at New York, N. Y., for April 1, 1919. State of New York, County of New York, ss. Before me, a notary public, in and for the State and county aforesaid, personally appeared O. B. Capen, who, having been duly sworn according to law, deposes and says that he is the Business Manager of the Popular Science Monthly and that the following is, to the best of his knowledge and belief, a true statement of the ownership, management, etc., of the aforesaid publica- tion for the date shown in the above caption, required by the Act of August 24, 1912, embodied in section 443, Postal Laws and Regulations, printed on the reverse of this form, to wit: 1. That the names and addresses of the pete. editor, managing editor and business managers Pub- lisher, The Modern Publishing Company, Inc., 9335 West Thirty-ninth Street, New York, .N. Y. Editor, "Waldemar Kaempffert, 225 West Thirty-ninth Street, New York, N. Y. Managing Editor, Loren Palmer, 225 "West Thirty- ninth Street, New York, N. Y. Business Manager, O. B. Capen, 225 ‘West Thirty-ninth Street, New York, N. Y. 2.—That the owners are: The Popular Science Publishing Company, Inc., 225 West Thirty-ninth Street, New York, N. Y. Stockholders of Popular Science Publish ing Com- pene, ae Inc., Henry J. Fisher, 22 William Street, New York, Oliver B. Capen, 525 West Thirty-ninth Street, New York, N. Y.; Robert Cade Wilson, 683 Springfield Avenue, Summit, N. J.; Waldemar Kaempffert, 225 West Thirty-ninth Street, New York, N. Y.; George B. Agnew, 22 William Street, New xotee N. Y.; Susan D. Bliss, 22 William Street, New York, N. Y. 3.—That the known bondholders, mortgag , and other security holders owning or holding 1 per cent or more of total amount of bonds, mortgages, or other securities are: Importers and Traders National Bank, 247 Broadway, New York, N. Y.; H. J. Fisher, 22 William Street, New York, N. Y¥.; Geo. H. Mead Company, Dayton, Ohio. 4.—That the two para- graphs next above, giving the names of the owners, stock- holders, and security holders, if any, contain not only the ist of stockholders and security holders as they appear upon he books of the company, but also, in cases where the stockholder or security holder appears upon the books of the company as trustee or in any other fiduciary relation the name of the person or corporation for whom such trustee is acting, is given; also that the said two paragraphs contain statements embracing affiant’s full knowledge and belief as to the circumstances and conditions under which stockholders and security agg on who — not appear upon the books of the company as hold stock and securities in a capacity other than ‘hat py bona fide owner; and this a‘lant has no reason to believe that any other person, association, or corporation has any interest direct or indirect in the said stock, bonds, or other securities than as so stated by him (Signed) O. B. CAPEN, Business Manager. mort to and subscribed before me this 20th day of arc Robert ~ Macbeth, certificate filed in New York County. (Seal). My commission expires March 30,-1919. Fine BOOK FREE Yes, es, absolutely Free. Tellsall about pele tal (ocantive pocdeosion vy make LEARN BY MAIL TO

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Ho ity of causing a change from violin to other 7, i 4 "| / A Bp ‘ IS How fo Read music, a far-reaching shift in pitch of the whole instrument results. In con- sequence the effect greatly resembles that produced by sliding one’s fingers along the strings of a ukelele at the same time it is being played. If one happens to be producing whistle- or calliope-like music at the moment, he will get an effect resembling a steam siren starting up, or a mocking-bird fire whistle. There is no end to the results that may be secured by shift- ing the condenser levers and the resist- ance levers in various ways. Obviously one can produce this music with but one electron relay instead oof _ several, though perhaps with not so great facility. To get a complete scale or octave ' from one relay it is necessary to install seven or eight fixed condensers at the place marked “tune for pitch” in the drawing. These condensers should be in parallel but with individual keys intervening, so that any one of them can be cut in at will, giving the corre- sponding pitch. You finger these keys to produce the melodies desired. Similar keys arranged on parallel resistances at R, will alter the character of the music resulting—-whether it is to resemble a flute, violin, and so on. Just because the foregoing circuits have produced results there is no reason why experimenting will not lead to added results. Investigators should do much in this line.—L. E. Darina. Rear of De Forest’s socket radiophone Cardboard Cylinders Are Worth Saving N winding inductance coils for wire- less use, the amateur is usually at a loss to find suitable cardboard tubes. These should be saved, so that a num- ber will be on hand when needed. Ordinary dry-cell covers make good tubes.. Being 2% in. in diameter, they serve almost as well as purchased tubes. Mailing-tubes are not to be neglected. A simple tuning-coil can be made by winding a mailing-tube with a single layer of No. 24 double-cotton-covered wire, and putting it between two blocks. One or two sliders, as desired, should be arranged to run over this coil. With a winding of ten inches on one of these tubes, with an average aerial, one can tune to approximately 1,000 meters, which is sufficient to get many of the commercial stations and all amateur stations. When using a double-slider coil of this kind with a standard vacu- um tube, very good reception often re- ANG \ (ey \\, \j \ ~ | GR ¥ Y nee) Me S. Bi. eprints ype i , Wy), AY ~y AR \\ a W\ 1) ANS . 2 aereg an Carpentry r, Contracting Did you ever get stuck on a blue print—not just sure what was wanted—took a of time = ee out what the S big volumes, each 5 x 8% woyles B13 in arand can Morocco; fiexibie indy s e3 Pages an nied nay Seam Cy el adr tgp yo happen more than 400 illustrations, plans, blue prints, etc. pentry and Contracting explains it aie everything you should know—90 pages of \ practical instruction in Blueprint reading, giving the latest up-to-the-minute information and instruction for reading all types o1 Blue Prints and an analysis of 50 different kinds. Every other thing you should know, about Carpentry and Contracting is in these books, too— pre« —— for you by 25 well-known builders experts. weryinee is explained—from barns and cottages to modern fire-proof skyscrapers— not even the smallest detail is overlooked. You and every other man in the business ought ts have these books NOW. They will show you new and bétter ways of doing og —and best of all, HOW TO MAKE MORE MON Examine Them Mail the sob on the FREE y corner of this page to- day — we will send free examination 8 so you can see for your- the books at once for just what Edition Carpentry ( (including a ahs is In iia items With each set of these books a year’s consulting mem- bership in the American Technical Society goes free. The regular price is $12.00. You can send any of your problems within the 4 of these books to our ex- _ Perts and engineers, w solve them free of Pharge for one entire year. When the books arrive, pay only Don’t Send the small express cha chore ne & > them Any Money lay gh mene spa) ° your r own—test Paras out like inery. If you don’t want to a at ft 5 sapenee. if you or some new machi ay the books after seven days. ship them do want to keep them, send us only, $2.00. e balance of the low in- ‘troductory price of $1y: 80can be sent ell. way—$2. 00 each month. Now Is the Look ahead to something better Time to. Act than n just wor working ¥ with the tools of your in oe big pay quvdapen, ont ana bik yoente, FE . 0 aoe if you go it go pinto tent kind of business § oe ee ee ek eee —Just Off a opportunity to get it. it. “SEND THe COUPON TODAY - the Press / “HOWT Dest ey's p AMERICAN TECHNICAL SOCIETY Dept. G-209 CHICAGO, U. S. Ar eeeccesesene N TECHNICAL SOCIETY ~~ G-209 CHICAGO, U. $. A. I will examine your 6-volume Cyclopedia of Carpen- try and Contracting for seven days. You may T will return them 7 the books to me express collect an Sam | fio S0is paid. after one week or send you $2.00 as first cach month until the special price of Waltham Movement Prestige Accuracy | The Depollier Waterproof and Dustproof Strap Watch FIELD AND MARINE Registered U. S. Pat. Off. The Depollier Waterproof Case now adopted by the Signal Corps J the Lnited States Army for the saving of watch movements purch during the war an 1 for future use. Ordinary. strap watches were not constructed ff] to withstand the wear and tear of field duty. A heat-insulated disk pape the delicate move- _ment from the injurious body heat of the arm, which has a tendency to dry or gum up the watch oil. Waterproof Oxidized Case with 14-K Solid Gold Disk on back and 15-J Waltham Move- ment > ° ‘ ; ; = $45.00 Write for Booklet JACQUES DEPOLLIER & SON Manufacturers of High Class Specialties for Waltham Watches 15 Maiden Lane - New York, N. Y. sults.—PuHILie A. WALL. & : oan f ft Dubois Watch Case Company, Established 1877 ees Stamped U. S. A. aug eet’ s. Arey ;

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aca RD cmreay oath Po: semen wegemenin A - Mystify Your Friends With Chemical Magic! Pour ten different colored liquids from the same pitcher of clear water! Change wine to water and water to wine. ake chemical ice, snow and fire; magic writing paper and disappearing ink. You can do all these, and lots more, weird, puzzling tricks of chemical magic if you have CHEMCRAFT. You can an amateur chemist, too, and test foods, earth and water; make dyes, soap, inks and other things, as well as work hundreds of amusing, interesting and instructive chemical experiments with your own chemical laboratory. You can learn the principles of chemistry and find out many useful facts about the things you eat, wear and use every day. Get CHEMCRAFT for Christmas Each outfit is complete in itself; contains a large assortment of harm- less chemicals so you can perform every trick and experiment many times; also laboratory apparatus and a Manual of Instruc- tion. CHEMCRAFT is scientifically correct; made by a professional chemist; used 1n schools and colleges and endorsed by teachers and | professors. When you get your CHEMCRAFT outfit you can join The Chemcraft Chemist Club and start a Local Chapter under your own name and get other — into yourclub. You'll get the Club Magazine regularly, too. Get your CHEMCRATPT this Christ- mas—it’s the finest fun you ever had! THE PORTER CHEMICAL CO. Hagerstown, Maryland Outfit Do You Want? No. 1,$1.50 No.2, 3.00 No. 3, 5.00 No. 4, 10.00 | WhichSize Violin, Hawalian Guitar, Ukulele, Guitar, Mando! n, Cor. et, Tenor Banjo or Banjo Wonderful new system of teaching note music by mail, To first pupils in each locality, we give a $20 superb Violin, Ukulele, Guitar, Hawaiin Guitar, Cornet, Tenor Banjo or Banjo abso- Complete SLINGERLAND SCHOOL OF MUSIC, Inc. Oept.g7 CHICAGO, IIL 35 Miles * and are very cheap. nd 26c for buildi 1 d price list of pa: ts per hour is eA pT vipa Record of this car 1920 * Boys, Build This Car. This nifty littl driven by gasoline motor, can be built by any boy. Paits are fugpished by us Radio Can Reach Even Submarines - HE coil fell in the water, and for an instant I still heard signals.” In this simple manner does J. A. Willoughby, a young investigator in the Bureau of Standards, Washington, D. C., record the making of a discovery which practically revolutionized all submarine radio during the war. He found out that an underseas boat need The unobtrusive aerial rose but five or six feet above the hull not come to the surface and raise an aerial in order to receive radio messages —a loop aerial under water will do it. Says Mr. Willoughby: Dr. Stratton, Director of the Bureau of Standards, and I were at Arundel, on Potomac Bay, receiving signals on a four- foot coil. Then it tumbled in the water— and I still heard the signals. Of course, when the salt water soaked through the insulation, the signal died out. I remembered that happening. Later, in working around the laboratory with direction-finders, I was able to detect neighboring street-cars (by motor or trolley lead-in brush discharge) a mile away, and to follow them as they passed the Bureau. I could also receive signals in the sub-base- ment of the east building. When the Germans were sinking so many ships off our coast, I at once began to think about a submarine detector that would give the ‘exact location of the submarine. Then by using a depth-bomb we could put the plunderers out of business. Our first. test was made in November, 1917, at the Bureau. We made a coil one AGENTS New Kerogas Burner Makes Any Stove A Gas Stove Burns Common Coal Oil (Kerosene) Sells in Every Home oS ett a Fits Any Stove Makes a gas range out of your old cook stove or heater. Easy to install—just shove it into the fire box. No trouble to operate or kcep clean. Just supply it with fuel. No Coal—No Dust—No Ashes Burns Just Like Gas Cuts down on the housework. No kindling to cut—no coal to carry—no ashes to empty. Just a clean, gas-like flame. Quickly lighted. Extinguished instantly by the turn of a valve just dike gas. Necessary winter and summer. ABSOLUTELY SAFE Burns Kerosene (coal- gym oil). Can’t Explode. Up a pi Do away with danger- V5 ous gasoline stoves. The Kerogas is better and altogether safe. Fire vention is better than Fire Insurance. Clean, Odorless, Cheap, Wonderful Labor Saver _ The Kerogas pays for itself in a very short time in the money it will save. Helps cut the high cost of living. Aker Averaging 8 Sales Every Day The Kerogas is a wonderful money-maker for agents. Aker averaging 8 sales,a day, says he expects to sella doen a day wnen he gets fairly started. Carleton made $17.59 inaday anda half. M.G. Emanuel writes: ‘It’s a wonder. I'll keep you busy filling orders.’ ‘Can sell 25 Burners right here in my locality."-—Roy F. Mills. W. E. Aton sold 12 first day. Azents g3t busy quick on this new, big money-making Propositioa. Almost every home a prospect. Women wild aboutit. tow price makes quick sales. Big profits. Easy to carry ani d>»nonstrate. Your territory isopen. Write quick for demonstrating sample to workers Thomas Burner Co. 2847 Gay St. Raise Belgian Hares for us. Wonderful profits easily made at home. We furnish high grade stock _ and pay you $7 to $11 a pair and - express charges for all you raise. Illustrated “aw and contract ‘vee UNITED FOOD & FUR ASSOCIATION 299 Weet 48th St. Desk 4 New Vork iT W336 hoa Showing 8B urner in Stove Dayton, 0. f —a Maxim Silen- cer for his rifle. Completely silences the noise. Hecan get lots of fun on stormy days or long winter evenings practicing indoors. FREE BOOK explains fully— get it NOW. THE MAXIM SILENCER CO. [g 91 Homestead Ave., Hartford, Conn. \> "TRANSMITTING L$ {SET wet The submarine hull itself helped the aerial form a loop foot in diameter with 20 turns, paraffined to make it water-proof. With a French four-step amplifier spark signals were re- ceived from the Arlington Radio Station RECEIVING SEITZ OOO—~S pe ‘WERIAL SWITCH : with the coil submerged about five feet in a Pe 9 2941 8 23} Dollars in Hares We pay $7.00 to $11.00 a.pair and express charges. Big Profits. We furnish guaranted high grade stock and buy all you raise. Use backyard, barn, cellar, attic. Contract and plans SYPHER MFG. CO. , 74 Warren St. & 7 OLEDO OHIO was ten miles; wave-length, 2,500 meters. large tank of fresh water. The distance Illustrated Catalog Free. STANDARD FOOD AND FUR ASS’N 307C Broadway New York " THUS ideduitiaal Hi BULLAE LLL CLOUT Meer HL] " ' ! i 2 4 HAA nnn Sil

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Send for This BIG $4.50 XMAS SET Postpaid if not at your dealer’s BUILDS: Railroad Cars Sleighs Swings indmills Cable Railways ib Cranes onoplanes Bridges Drilling Machines Potter’s Wheels Lanete —. erry-go-roun Gee Corker Lathes Beam Scales Machine Guns ial Presses and scores of others. Prices of Meccano Outfits

at your dealer’s. HOODAAUAAOLAALLALS4iAUM0NU000U OAAAAUALAAAAAUAOAAOUU EE EAAEAE AA s F ° u] 4 r= |

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No. 3x. Sees Se age eer 12.00 Outfits and motors sent pre- paid on receipt of price if not WINNS S00 ONEONTA TUT i Ci ti nin nn mn cnn Tm I} Tr l e MECCANO Toy Engineering for Boys MAS, with its gift-giving fun, gets closer each day. Boys, X have you decided on your Outfit—and talked it over with Dad? You ought to. For all-around fun, every day in the year, ing takes its place, use Meccano building is real engineer- ing. You can build this wonderful tower with its electric elevator —also the Beam Engine shown below and hundreds of other dandy models that work just like real machinery. Each Outfit Complete—no study necessary to begin building. You get a big, illustrated Manual of Instructions which makes it all clear and easy. Your fun starts the moment you open your Meccano Outfit. ~ $1,000 Prize Competition For All Meccano Boys First Prize $250 Cash 425 Dandy Models—These are only three of the fascinating models you can build with Meccano. Along with all Meccano Outfits from No. | upwards, you get illustrated instructions for building 325 models; then comes Book No. 2 with 100 Prize Models, and more are steadily being added to the system. Always something new. Get this SUPERB BOOK FREE Bess story of Meccano, has been told by the inventor himself in a fascinating illustrated book called the ‘Meccano Wonder Book,’’ which we will mail you without charge. Contains a whole lot of pictures of models and boys building them, also hours of interesting reading. Write for yours right away. Xmas is almost here! MECCANO COMPANY, Inc. DIVISION K 71 West 23d St., New York, N. Y. Prices of Meccano Motors Electric Reversing, . $4.00 Electric Non-Reversing. .

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nen en ee fay tom " wp Set ON aeageereegR ene — —* ace ed 7 Transportation the Sport for Real Boys Running a real-railroad and man- aging a fleet of ships is a man’s job. But Ives Toys—trains and boats— enable a boy to be everything from section hand to president on his own railroad and from engineer to fleet commander over his own boats. Ives Toys broaden the boy as he plays. He uses his ingenuity and thinks for himse'f as he learns the ’ fundamentals of transportation. The self-rel ance he acquires while playing with Ives Toys helps him in later life, whatever his vocation. @ este Ives Trains—e'ectrical and mechan- ical—-are sturdily constructed to with- stand boyish abuse. They whiz on the straight-away and whirl around curves, take switches and pass cross- ings without leaving the track. With bridges, stations, semaphores, sidings, culverts, tunnels and other acces- sories, any boy can plan, build and operate a complete miniature rail- way system. Ives Boats are Ives latest develop- ment. Made of steel, watertight. Screw propeller driven by powerful clockwork motor speeds the perfectly balanced craft through the water for long distances at a single winding. Twelve models and sizes to choose from. Good toy stores and toy depart- ments everywhere sel genuine Ives Toys. The name is on every one. Send 4c. in stamps for either our booklet on boats or folder on trains; both for 6c. The boat book contains rules of the road at sea, signals, nautical glossary and other com- prehensive navigation information. Thelves Mfg. pmaeention 191 Holland Avenue Bridgeport, Conn. Send for These Books Eee ee ee ae x 7 * ™ PE 0 Our next test was with a two-foot coil of 20 turns, water-proofed. It was sub- merged in the tidal basin of the Potomac river. Signals were received from Arlington Another view of the submarine and its aerial, showing the simple construction when the coil was on the bottom of the river—which was about fifteen feet. About December 20th, a 29-turn circular loop, ten feet in diameter and encased in a rubber tube, was made. It had insulated leads 30 feet long. The loop was submerged until its lower side rested on the bottom, making the top side about six or eight feet below the sur- face. Signals Results, 476 meters wave- “pa rors length, in transmitting rom ( ) range, loop vs. antenna. Lyon, France; Power, 500 watts. (OUI) Nauen, Area N-6, 2,452 sq. Germany; and ft.; of H-2, 791 (NPL) San Diego, Cal. The loop had very sharp directional characteris- tics, both on the surface and submerged. In March, 1918, while looking over the apparatus of the French Commission, I saw a tuner especially designed for loop reception. At this time loops were designed to work on a given wave-length. This made it impossible to work below the fundamental of the loop. It occurred to me that with this “™ tuner — which had a range of wave-lengths of im from 100 to 16,000 meters “™ —it would be practical to use a single-turn — q loop to cover this range of ™ wave - lengths, Mi Se a rather than to ee ee make a number of individual loops to accom- plish the same thing. With this in mind, one afternoon I made a single-turn loop, 150 by 60 feet, and, using the French tuner and a four-step amplifier, I was able to cover any wave-length that could be covered by an antenna. T T T T "AUDIBILITY Results, 850 meters; other conditions same as in curves above at left. These show loop performance is uniformly good at all times | Don't Belong to the Great Unfit You see them on every side—men who don’t count—men who are los- ing every chance of happiness and success in life, — because chronic — are asting away their y; others through loss of their tality through early excesses and pn a Ay Has __ constipation, Indigestion, Biliousness, or any other chronic ailment got a grip on YOU? Do you feel that you are not as good a man as you used to be; that your former pep and punch and energy is ebbing away? kee YOU slipping er radually nto that great army of opeless, useless, broken-down humanity? If so, take hold of yourself at once, act quick, end Fight Your Way Out You can do it, if you will only WILL to 0 do it You can free your- self of your handicapping ailments and build yourself up. You can turn the watery fluid in your veins into rich, red blood, develop your muscles, strengthen all your vital organs, get back the vower—THE MANHOOD — you have lost, and STRONGFORT The Perfect Man have every chance in the world of becoming a big, strong, successful MAN, if you ACT NOW and go about it the right way. STRONGFORTISM Strongfortism is the one way out - mak, anaemic, ailing men. It is Nature’s ny OB Nature is the greatest Builder Up the world has = a known. Put the machine that Nature gave you in shape to do its work; live life as Nature meant it to be lived, and health, strength, happiness — _ everything worth while in the world—is the inevitable result. I KNOW. Thousands of my pupils, many of them » broken-down wrecks when they took up Strongfortism, are welkieg the streets today, strone MA sbealthy, able 1 GUAR E to peeve =F 100 per cent, if am will ie = directions for a few months. It d *t make any difference what your present_con- dition * or what brought you to it, I can and I will do what I —_ and without patent medicines or drugs of any kind ‘or My FREE BookK I have put the results of my lite’s work, Building Up Men, into **Promotion and Conservation of ——— Strength and Mental Energy.” It tells an about Strongfortism. It will show you how Y u can rid yourself of your ailments, build yourself up, make yourself a well, strong energetic man again, in Nature’s way. Send for it today, IT’S FREE—but it’s worth good money to any man who wants to be strong and virile. Don't wait. Fill out the coupon RIGHT NOW, and send it to me with three:2e:stampes to cover packing and postage, and I’ll mail = a copy at once poo Be 4 a letter on the special points you are in- LIONEL STRONGFORT #7 gu, species 1104 Stronefort Institute NEWARK, N. J. { WE FURNISH OUR GRADUATES POSITIONS worth $225 per month. Turning out men every week. Write for catalogue (fourth edition), with full particulars of our 20 weeks, correspondence course. SERVICE RADIO SCHOOL Dept. M_ 900-2 Pa. Ave. Washington, D.C. “THE LARGEST = IN THE CHEMISTRY Students, Experimenters and others inter- ested in Chemical Work Send for our Latest Price List of Chemicals, Apparatus, etc. BAKER & UNVERTHAU WESTBURY, L. I., N. Y. Acc ato. Foo Res Elec Lan and Con bine Con ible —Tr Forc Tru

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Unscrewing Bolts Electrically

Acceler- A New ator Tool for Foot Removing Rest Tires ote

Electric i Lamp Tire and Horn Valve Com- Exhaust bined. Convert- New ible Axle Tank —Turns : Filling Ford into Ss Machine Truck 400 Ideas for Motorists THE 1920 MOTOR ANNUAL of the Popular Science Monthly will be as it has always been, the biggest book of its kind ever published. No auto- Here Are 20 mobile publication receives more widespread attention or is more talked about by its readers. This sounds broad, but it is quite true. It will ac- of the 400 curately picture and describe about four hundred new devices and acces- sories and give scores of practical ideas to the reader, whether he be Owner, Manufacturer, Dealer or Mechanic. It will, in fact, be invaluable, to Practical Ideas everyone interested in Motor Vehicles and Accessories. The 1920 Motor Annual |

Spark Plug That Can’t Break... 4 Muffler That Can’t Jar Loose .. 8 New Tire Pump Without Valves . 8 Controlling Speed Automatically . 13 New Universal Truck Body. . . . 16

Moisten Air for the Engine .. . 27 of the Popular Science Monthly will be ready for distribution ; Keeping Chills from Engine . . . 29 about January first. Authoritatively edited by nationally . ¢ Little Things for Economy .. . . 34 known writers on automotive subjects, it will cover all new oe ¢ » A Mechanical Cranker .... . . 47 inventions and improvements to Cars, Trucks and Acces- 9%, ght Ss : Utilizing 2nd Hand Magneto. . . 64 | Sories. Cy fey Tinfoil as Substitute Fuse ‘apa 65 Edition limited to 100,000 copies. On sale at 4 33 Scaffold Replaces Repair Pit . . . 65 the principal newsstands thruout this country and Te Ve 4 x Seal Tie Cats... ccc - Canada at 35 cents a copy. o (gSe Motor Trade Figures and Facts . 74 : So Foe Becl SnitesteSerDedibeed. . . 7 If you wish to be absolutely sure of get- ws \j . ting your copy we advise you to order 0 Improving Motor Truck Clutch. . 78 mek by filling out Fetes sii send- go < J” Avoiding Engine Trouble. . . . . 80 ing it at once. A copy will be mailed + ? we F Use for Dash Lamp on Ford . . . 82 to you promptly upon publication. ¢ é ¢ Sosy New Ford Timer . . «ee eee 83 F ES F » Clear Windshield in Wet Weather 89 | HHIHININAIIMIININNNINUIINY 49 SGP" a v8 %,

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ot ee en <7 Learn Auto 2” Tractor Business — \ Earn $100 to $400 a Month IGHT in your own nei ighborhood. R Be a Rahe Trained Metor Mechanic and get into a good paying business at once. Over 30,000 towns without repair ops and ges that are much needed. Increased production and etd yng es, Trucks arm . J ® Gas and Oil Engises ean gines mak unprecedented demand at high pay for trained mechanics, Learn in 6 to 8 Weeks Any man, 16 years and older i i who will apply him nore = and ge ily practice on scores oetemens rman my tors, } ulpment, Electric Pposratus— the greatest

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extras” of any kind to buy. i oon bs on Qoly additional cost to be trained bere ya the Werte Biete gLgarn by ae difference in railroad fare Com 2 pleasant living accomodat reputable bomes close to school — al) under daily enone A our = aooceed t Plenty of opportunity to earn Part living on 1 Weimmedia Pr root of Success sands of successful ersten oes ari up to 8 month — those owning garages make much more ~ many of them are right in your own section of the country. FREE NOW i's £0227. for, 7-Day, Trial Offer, ana 68-page finely illustrated Opportunity Book. Rahe-Auto and . Dene aee Tractor School .

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“Where do you get them all?’”’ That’s what Look for that question on

ILD IPIRKONIE.

A Fascinating Toy— And More! The Kidphone is a complete, serviceable, superior telephone, ready for immediate use — for fun or serious purpose, indoors or outdoors. Included in the set are two transmitters, two receivers, battery and telephone wire, as well as full instructions. Boys and girls — and grown ups too, — will marvel at the ciear tones, and faithful voice reproduction of the Kidphone, yet the receiver weighs but % ounce. The idea of operation is new to America. LET THE KIDPHONE ENTERTAIN YOU THIS WINTER. Department J AMERICAN THERMOPHONE .COMPANY 114-116 Bedford Street, Boston, Mass.

Price $10, at your electrical dealer, department store or from us direct.

P. D. Lowell, also of the Bureau, assisted. Together they made practical tests of the new form of aerial on actual submarines at the Navy’s submarine base, New London, Conn. Says Mr. Willoughby further: June 11, 1918, while at sea, the insulation on the new type of loop was found to be defective and the bare wire exposed to the salt water. Upon submerging, how- ever, we found, 3 | much to our sur- prise, that the loop worked equally as well as when it was absolutely in- sulated from the water. This led us to believe the hull of the boat could be used for one side of the loop. We there- fore cut out the lower side of the loop, and ground- ed the extreme ends of what was left to the boat, making final loop.

rn ss : AUDIBLTY 10

Results, 476 meters, loop vs. antenna on the same submarine, the H-2. Power, 500 watts. Transmitting results were almost as good as the receiving This form proved to be by far the best tested. Nauen, Germany, signals were received when the loop was submerged eight or nine feet under water. The American Navy now uses Messrs. Willoughby and Lowell’s dis- coveries far and wide in its submarine radio. The new form of aerial is a great improvement over old _ types. In so simple a manner as this did two inventive young Americans get in a blow on German submarine warfare. The single-turn loop, one half of which is any metallic object, works anywhere—on land and in the air as well as in the water on submarines, according to Mr. Willoughby. The ‘metallic object’? may be the metal parts of a house or of any other fixed or movable structure. The loop may be used in or on the ground. With submarines running full speed in heavy sea messages have been transmitted 50 miles with this form of grounded loop; it was estimated that 150 miles could be reached. The publications of the Bureau of Standards on radio subjects, written by some of the best authorities in the country, are very helpful for amateurs. Following are two. of the most general and easily understood of the publica- tions: Principles Underlying Radio Communica- tion. Textbook of 355 pages. Published as Signal Corps pamphlet No. 40. Price 55 cents. Army Signal Corps men were trained from this book during the war. Radio Instruments and Measurements. More advanced \than the other; gives com- plete data of many kinds. Price furnished by Superintendent of Documents.

For either book address the Superinten- dent of Documents, Washington, D. C. We shall publish a complete list of Bureau

of Standards publications shortly.

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IAMELS are unique—a real ciga- OUR enthusiasm for Camel Ciga- rette revelation! 'That’s due to rettes will steadily increase! They their quality and to the unusual and _ will not tire your taste, no matter how expert blend of choice Turkish and liberally you smoke! And, each ciga- choice Domestic tobaccos! rette will just add a little more to the joy and contentment the wonderfully refreshing Camel flavor hands you so lavishly ! Once you know Camels you'll prefer their blend—and what it gives you— Camels are sold everywhere in scientifically the mos t f. ascinatingly mellow-mild- sealed packages of 20 cigarettes ; or ten pack- e e ° ages (200 cigarettes) in a glassine-paper-cov- body ever realized in a cigarette—to ered carton. W: t. él d thi: ° © 7 cela: daa-thiliaaa ah aaa alien either kind of tobacco smoked straight! you travel. 3 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Winston-Salem, N. C. You'll enjoy Camels freedom from any unpleasant cigaretty aftertaste and from any unpleasant cigaretty odor ! And, the longer you smoke Camels the more you'll appreciate that they are made to meet your taste ! Compare Camels with any cigarette in the world at any price—and forget coupons, premiums and gifts!

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nt anaeT tne ROEET Mitten a =e a ena me nee te ce en cer, pS Pe Te ie ong >a aes eg ee re RR pment Picoencpcupemnnatetanenipmamanpbene bins MIE as non ttt I fas enc 106 MANAG ‘= 2th man ine “eS Par Te wood W000 WORKING ae ee i al aan ENGINES NC s ae Free Help to Better Pay Popular Science Monthly’s Annual List of Books—Free to You—will point the way. The Best Books on all the branches of mechanics and sci- ence, including automobiles, airplanes, electricity, wireless, woodworking, carpentry, sheet metal work, etc., carefully selected by experts. Don’t waste time wishing you had a better job. Get on your mettle, buy and study the books that will help you up the Ladder to Better Pay. psec) s Wiring Manual. y F. F. Sengstock, E.E. This Book contains all ma. eescntial information needed forthe proper instal- lation of lighting and power systems in houses and omer buildings. Itis vee in simple, a od by an Electrical Engineer with many experi- ence on the Chicago Board of Undoreriters. Pro- fusdly illustrated and contains many tables and form- Jia oy te aed new as, out eng 7 y Pages. ustrations, Pogket size, flexible binding. Price, postpaid, $2.50. 20th Century Book of Recipes, Formulas and Processes. The most complete Book of Recipes.ever pub- lished, giving thousands of recipes for the manufac- ure of valuable articles for very-day use. Hints, vealed Practical Ideas and Secret Processes ere re- Vv a pages. Itcoversevery branch of the arts and tells thousands of ways of making po and is just the book to have at your command. eae Practical Formulas—The Best Way to Make werything. 800 Pages. Price, postpaid, $4.00. Model Making. This book gives all the necessary information needed by the inexperienced workman who wishes to make models but is untrained in the fundamental mechanics. For the experienced mechanic, there are many hints and shortcuts that will be found helpful. Few mechanics, no matter how well trained, know 2050. to make their own patterns. Price, postpaid, Storage Batteries Simplified. Action—Maintenance—Repair—Use, by Victor W. Pagé. A Complete Treatise on Storage Battery Gpereting Principles, Repairs and ‘Application. Pages. Fully Illustrated. Price, postpaid, $2.00. The Modern Gasoline Automobile. Overation and Main- tenance, by Victor W. Page. e Most Complete Automo>ti> Book Showing Every ‘Reems Improve- Illustrations. 1032 Pages (6x9). Price, , Conmenetion, The re of Small see Current Motors, y A, E. Watson. This book contains complete Rt. a. T for building small alternating current motors in several sizes. The designs will be found in harmony with those of the very best manufac- turers and they can be worked out by the aan amateur for making useful instruments. Price, postpaid, $2.25. Sheet Metal Work. By William Neubecker. self-instruction in the art “ot struction work in light and heavy-gauge metal, in- cluding skylights and _ roofing, cornice work, etc. 3°3n" 288 pages. 370 Tiustrations. Price, postpaid, A manual of practical ttern drafting and c)a- Armature and Magnet Winding. Pa. Horstmann and Tousley. All practical arma- ndings are fully explained with s>2cial atten- 4 ba to details. All questions — are apt to arise in the minds of the electrician have been com- pletely answered. Pocket size, leather, oa Bk sn gold, red, 270 pages, illustrated. Price, postpaid, $1 Machine Shop Work. By Turner, Perrigo and Fairfield. A comprehen- sive "suide to the most wd ype methods in modern shop practice nga construction and use of improved tools and machines, and other details of shop equipment and management. The use of vari- us hand tools is explained, followed by a compre- hensive dismanion of the lathe and lathe tools, with the methods of screw cutting taper and eccentric turning, etc. Index, leather, 275 Pages, 325 Illus- trations. Price, postpaid, $2.00. Send a Postal Card: today: for our complete List of Practical Books Free to You. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY, 225 West 39th Street, New York Government Requirements in Station Operation HE Secretary of the Navy has removed all restrictions on am- ateurs and amateur radio stations. In the wording of the Secretary’s order, the lifting of the ban . . . applies to amateur stations, technical and experimental stations at schools and colleges, and to all other stations except those used for the purpose of transmitting or receiving commercial traffic of any char- acter, including the business of the owners of the stations. The restrictions on stations handling commercial traffic will remain in effect until the President proclaims that a state of peace exists. Attention is invited to the fact that all licenses for transmitting stations have expired, and that it. will be necessary for the amateurs to apply to the Commissioner . of Navigation, Department of Commerce, for new licenses. Here is the notice issued by the Department of Commerce: Before operating transmitting stations it is necessary to take an examination and secure an operator’s license—also to have on file with the district radio inspector a formal application for a station license. if there is likely to be delay in issuing your station license, the radio inspector can assign radio call letters when the application is received. All amateurs should be familiar with the Radio Laws and Regulations. This pub- lication can be procured from the Super- intendent of Documents, Washington, D. C: Price, 15 cents. All transmitting stations should be in- ductively coupled. Stations having what is known as a plain aerial, or the spark gap directly in the antenna circuit, will not be licensed where they do not comply with Regulations 3 and 4 of the act of August 13, 1912. The List of Radio Stations of the United States, edition of June 15, 1919, does not contain amateur stations. This publication can be procured from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. Price, 10 cents. A list of amateur stations may be published about the first of January, 1920. Any additional information required by amateurs may be obtained from the radio inspectors of their districts. These should be addressed simply as “‘ Radio Inspector,”’ and at whichever of the following addresses is nearest the amateur: Customhouse, Boston, Mass.; Custom- house, New York, N. Y.; Customhouss, Baltimore, Md.; Customhouse, New Orleans, La.; Customhouse, San Francisco, Calif.; Federal Building, Detroit, Mich.; Federal Building, Chicago, Ill.; 205 Citizens Bank Building, Norfolk, Va.; 2301 L. C. Smith Building, Seattle, Wash. The territory covered by each’ district is shown on page 68 of the Radio Laws and Regulations. Amateurs in the Fourth Dis- trict should address their communications to the Radio Inspector, Customhouse, Baltimore, Md. What do know that is new and interest- ingin radio? Send us your ideas, with pictures —plenty of pictures—and all the diagrams you can think that will help to make the idea en- tirely clear, We pay for acceptable contri- butions.

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REG. US Pat OFF THE BEVERAGE Sho all- year-round sott drink Popular demand —— built Bevo's great plant-- the most perfect industrial equipment in the world. Scientifically lighted and ventilated, and provided is os Sa ie on puusuee a9 QE ha Pl KS THA \ at, bs ~~ A “ ed | with every humanitarian device possible for the protection of the health and safety of its thousands peerspgnea sss % t — (Ae . - ~ 7 nal % 8) =e. X= -~ = ~”- os . ~ . ~ ~ = om ee ~~ ~ a ~ — . a os PEUCS Reset: of employes. Electrically operated. Capacity 2 million bottles daily. Serve it cold ANHEUSER-BUSCH ST.LOUIS iat CZ a $ Z ol i ; 5 ye 4 + FAT APIA TTR STDONOT ATU AH BAD T7100 PY STL a . ~~ -— 5 | -~,—,4 ant = Ss 35 ‘ ZZ I INCA TTT cTE MNT TTR TAT £, - . * nd o 7 Visitors to St.Loutls are invited to inspect this mammoth institution. CRUE MA SUPA HP eds 1) EA He TM BH 2 eH

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Ae yee te MMOS wae Wn Sey a ee PA ‘ wane cemypsingrne ancwrsitiee— Rls ee ae! vene | HAT could be more attractive to the average man or boy who has the slightest interest in tools than one or more Stanley high grade Planes? Planes made and guaranteed by a Company who have been manufac- turing Carpenters’ and Mechanics’ tools for over half a century, insure a quality that cannot help but please. Iron and Wood Bench Planes — Block, Rabbet, Router, Plow, Dado, Circular, F illister, Dovetail —in fact Planes for every wood-working job that calls for the use of such a tool. We can only show here a few of the many styles and. designs we make. Catalogue No. 34S tells you some- thing about them. At all Hardware Dealers MANUFACTURED BY STANLEY Rute & Lever Co: New Britain, Conn. U.S.A. A Cheap and Efficient Film-Drying Closet OR the amateur photographer who wishes to dry a film in a hurry, or the professional finisher who has large batches of film that have to be dried and printed in specified periods, the film-drying closet here described will be found a great time-saver. Still heat is a poor drying medium, being apt to overheat and cause the emulsion to run. On the other hand, films dry extremely slowly in quiet damp air. A happy combination is found in this closet, which furnishes a slightly warmed air, which circu- lates in and about the films and is finally excluded. With proper manipu- lation, films can be thoroughly dried in half an hour. First build the sides and back of the closet of matched boards, fitting them closely together to make the closet as dust-proof as possible. The closet is simply a long, narrow box, upended, with one side open. The sides are TOP PLATE V2\ : eee: Py) eats SIDE VIEW OPENING BAFFLE PLATES This combination furnishes slightly warmed air which dries the films quickly and safely 53 ft. high by 1} in. deep. The back is the same height and 2 ft. wide. That also makes the front 2 ft. wide. This is fitted with doors, as shown, reaching down 4 ft. Line the abut- ting edges and the edges next to the jam with felt, to keep out the dust. A header across the front of the closet is inserted to make ‘contact with the bottom of the doors. The 14-ft. space below the doors is used to house the heating apparatus. The writer has used a small one-burn- er oil-stove with good results, although gas can be used if preferred. Two baffle-plates of sheet zinc should be placed just above the heater to break the direct heat. They also serve to distribute and diffuse the warmed at to all corners of the closet. Close this compartment with a tightly fitting door, hinged vertically. The front should be furnished with Deafness Perfect hearing is now being re- stored in every condition of Seat. ) ness or defective hearin ne from causes such as Catarrhal Deaf- ness, Relaxed or Sunken Drums, ickened Drums, Roaring and sx Hissing Sounds, Perforated = Wholly or Partially Destroyed “® Drums,Discharge estion or. : Wilson Common-Sense Ear ‘Drums “*Little Wireless Phones for the Ears’? require no medicine but effectively replace what is lacking or defective in thenaturaleardrums, They are simple Sqvice, welch the wearer easily fits into the ears where they are invisible. Soft, vm Rene comfortate. Write today for our 168 page FREE book on D giving you full particulars — Goalscoiale. WILSON EAR Bum co. ted LOUISVILLE Ky, 192 knter-Southern = TOOL CASES Machinists and Too! makers our booklet showing tho best baie iit and most p practical telec- TN A __50 Columbia St. Dayton, Okie STAR STORACE BATTERIES More Dependable Lower in Price The BEST Guarantee Liberal Jiscaunte to sents. rs; e for particula THE STAR STORAGE BATTERY COMPANY Manufacturers of Automobile Starting and Lighting Batteries U.S. A. MUNCIE, IND, Print Your Own I Camo circulars, labels, tags menus paper Press $8. Larger 5. Job Drees shat up. CUTS EXPENSE IN Habe SMALL OUTLAY. Pa 8 for 7 itself in short time. Will for years. Easy to use, Tinted es sent. Print for others, Big PROFIT. Write factory ODAY for press catalog, per,envelopes, THE PRESS CO., 0-33, Meriden, Conn. FREE CATALOG Svs > npn » Kither pin illustrated pees ke” amount of lettering, one or two colo 2 enamel. Silver plate, 25¢ ea., $2. 60 Yn doz. Sterling silver, 50% ea., $5.00 ¥ doz. Over 350 attractive designs in our 1920 catalog. Write today for free copy. s High grade Solid gold Pins and Rings. BASTIAN BROS. CO.. 169 Bastian Bldg.» Rochester. N. Y. Bock Set FREE You can now learn wonderful art of po mpg Fexidermy, the | tmals, tanning one, etc. Le Police departments. factories and industries every- FINGER ER | ynere, are are sed at'onge this "You can tr ain yourself i ol rain yoursell in eSIN MRM spare time at home, Wiite for details. | Free B Book—Write Ma nes t absolutely free Fails of special limited offer. rite at once, while «Universit a lied Science Des Hf 2 Wilson Ave., Chicago Don’t Wear a Truss Brooks’ Appliance, the modern scientific invention, the wonderful new discovery that relieves rupture, will be sent on trial. No obnoxious springs or MR. C. E. BROOKS Brooks’ Rupture Appliance Has automatic Air Cushions. Binds and draws the broken parts together as you-would a broken limb. No salves. No lies. Durable, cheap. Sent on trial to prove it. Protected by v. 8. patents. Catalog and measure blanks mailed free. Send name and address today. BROOKS APPLIANCE CO., 255B State St., Marshall, Mich. not rap the inst bot elas a sl star no } the half reac

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a gauze-covered opening to admit air but exclude dust. For this reason the gauze should be very fine. Arrange several rows of screw-eyes across the width of the closet, placing the screw-eyes about 5 in. apart, and the rows about the same, so that the wet films will not twist when hanging, and stick together. One set of screw- eyes is placed in the top of closet, the other corresponding set being placed WALL EXHAUST FAN SCREW EYES | DOORS TO FILM COMPARTMENT \5 Be + SCREW EYES DOOR TO ah H- HEATING COMPARTMENT fay MN | |S Fine SCREEN \ | OR ‘GAUZE @ Pe ee zinc Barrie LO Ua) . PLATES Complete diagram of the film-drying closet. The opening is covered with dust-proof gauze in horizontal strips across the closet four feet below, opposite the bottom of the doors. The outlet pipe for carrying off the exhaust air can be made of common gutter-pipe inserted through the top of the closet and leading out through the wall. Where there is not suffi- cient draft to carry off this wet air, a |- fan can be arranged, as illustrated, that will do the trick nicely. Make an air-tight jointed box about a foot || square, into which the pipe fits. A || metal fan is turned by either a small electric motor or by the simple ar- rangement of the weight and pulley wheel shown. The writer, who has not access to electricity, has obtained ©ood results with the latter. Simply arrange the pulley and drum so the belt can be belted to the pro- peller pulley through two small holes in the box. By winding the weight up with a crank it will slowly drop if not too heavy, and revolve the fan rapidly. Be sure the fan revolves in the right direction to carry off the air instead of forcing it in. Fasten the films in the closet at both ends, so they will not swing—the elastic band arrangement shown makes a simple but effective method. Then start a gentle heat, and, if there is no natural draft, start the fan. Close the doors tightly, and in the course of half an hour or so your films will be ready to print.—L. B. Rossins. To cut down the Follow the Chart Make your ‘hack sawing just as efficient as any other machine tool operation. Choose your blade according to your work. You can’t cut cold-rolled and heavy angle iron with the same blade without a waste. Whether you are cutting by power or by hand, big quantities of a comparatively few kinds and shapes of metal or smaller quan- tities of a lot of different things —there’s a Starrett Hack Saw that will meet your needs most efficiently. Get the most out of every box of saws you buy. Use them for the purpose for which they were made. A copy of the Starrett Hack Saw Chart “W” sent free upon request. THE L. S. STARRETT CO. The World’s Greatest Toolmakers Manufacturers of Hack Saws Unexcelled ATHOL, MASS. the chart MATERIAL Oo BE CUT Starrett Sow Chart Single Phase Motors 110-220 volts, A. C., 60 cycle, 1800 R. P. M. with pulley 1g Ritts: $24.50 If Bituitrst $38.50 if Lithia $46.50 1 Eaten $67.50 2ntwze, $108.50 seins, $124.50 Seuiaare, $164.50 sre for ana alae tt harging and eee Requirements. 8 volt, 10 am. $16.50 15 volt, 10 om. $21.00 9 wis, som. $24.50 | '** inp. - $72.50 110, 2% am $24.50 44 volt, 12 amp. $38.50 18 wt § ome. $38.50 x 0 welts, 5am. $58.50 | § 110 voit, tame. $58.50 “in deerat $85.00 Was FACTORY GUARANTEED - ALL SIZES - IN ORIGINAL BOXES Your Opportunity Polyphase Motors 2 and 3 phase, A.C., 220 v, 60 c, 1750 RPM., complete with base and pulley. “nr. - $42.50 - $59.50 ur » $84.50 * $102.50 ict $36.50 To Buy New Guaranteed Electrical “y Apparatus of Standard Manufacture. To gente Ce phase, 1 Ag. wt Hts $4.0 00 18 vt, 8 1 wate, 1 we SES EO) mimetics, $75.00 mimo $85.00 maeiamerts $85.00 myttitnsns $110-00 5 at $1:25-00

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AO a RNE SRA t e am : — fs BI ta mame cc seaman cae a yn i an cor Sab ce ee CREE Ut neal % oa es St ao es MOSSBERG ALL STEEL WRENCHES AND TOOLS Universal recognition in those principles of manufacture which insure to the user of Mossberg products the utmost in value andinservice. Such has been the standard of material, workmanship and guarantee, and such has been the appreciation of a multitude of satisfied customers. ILLUSTRATED HERE ARE: Mossberg Socket Set, No. 17, for Ford Cars. No. 74, Adjustable Wrench: also solid handle wrenches, 6 and 12 inch, with speed brace. No. 645, Reverse and Brake Pedal Ten- sion Spring Wrench, and No. 660 Wheel Puller. Mossberg All Steel Socket Wrench Set, No. 45, which contains an assortment of 15 sockets, universal joint and speed brace. Send for complete catalogue and particulars FRANK MOSSBERG CO WRENCHSMITHS FOR 20 YEARS ATTLEBORO, MASS. U.S.A. Improving the Soldering-lron for Open-End Splicing Ae ee improvement that can be made on any soldering iron is shown in the accompanying illus- tration. A hole about } in. in diameter and 5 in. deep is drilled in the side of the iron and filled with solder. It is a time-saver for rapidly soldering twist- ed-wire joints. In this particular pia Ye DEEP XV OPEN-END SPLICE Soldering on open-end wires is made more easy if a hole is drilled in the tip of the iron case, splices of the open-end variety may be made with much better results than by using the tip of the iron for soldering. The iron is heated until the solder in the hole melts, and then the splice, covered with soldering paste or acid, is dipped into it. This makes a well soldered and sub- stantial joint in a remarkably short time.—PETER J. M. CLUTE. An Easily Made Holder for a Short Eraser. HEN erasing large drawings the fingers often become cramped, especially if one is using a short or small eraser. A holder, which you can make, will allow the user to get a firm grip upon the erasing material. This holder will also take small and otherwise assorted pieces that would otherwise be thrown away. Whittle out two pieces of wood somewhat after the tines of a cloth og- ‘pin. Place them together and at one end cut a notch. The oppo- site ends should be slightly hol- gupsce lowed out and 5AND notched to gain a grip upon the eraser. They ERASER should fit togeth- tht er, the notched When erasers wear ends being down, you need a smaller than the holder: here it is others. Fit a brass ring around them as shown in the illustration, and bind the notched ends together with an elastic band. Fit the eraser in the jaws and then slide the ring along until it grips the eraser firmly and tightly between them.—L. B. Rossins. TATE ' ‘ Ever — User of Tools 1 Appreciate This Handy Bag Made of Harness Leather— Strong and Durable Combines all the good features of the various common leather bags. Strongly built for rough =usage. Bottom is three ply and steel studded. = Has saw and bit holder, hand strap, and shoulder = strap with pad. A mighty good, all-around tool AUAVADUEUAAADAEUAGASAUOGAONEUAUAAEOGOOGEOOANDAGAEOADELOOGEUAEUEGAADAEAEUEDANAAEUCUOOEUEAEOENEAGAEHEGAD A AEAOO AA AU CUED AAOUAU ATAU EAE AEN =bag. Six sizes ranging from 14 x 8 inches to 24 =x 8 inches. Show this ad to your dealer and ask =for the genuine KLEIN tool bag. If unable to = get it write us. MATHIAS KLEIN & SONS, Mfrs. CANAL STA. 3, CHICAGO SSHUANUUUAANUUUEAAUUEAUUUUUEAA AUN EAU UUUEU EAA EAUU EAU HANNAH UU) MMM TT am aif \ EXPLOSION WHISTLE For Motor Cars and Trucks The surest preventive of accidents. Cer- tain in operation and never wears out. Guaranteed for ro years. Your dealer has it. BUELL MFG. CO. 2961-63 Cottage Grove Ave. Chicago ya Pilliod is TOOL CASES EXCEL Machinists and Tool Makers find them most satisfactory in construc- tion, ap) Trance, service and . price. Immediate shipment. Booklet Fo gnner A 20 styles The Pilliod Lamber Co. Dept. A, Swanton, Ohio ASBESTOS We are miners and shippers of Crude Asbetos in any quantity. We produce all grades at our world famous BELL ASBESTOS MINES, in Canada. We also card fibres, spin yarns, weave cloths, and make all sorts of Asbestos products. For anything you want in Asbestos, turn to KEAgORY ¢ & MATTISON O COME PANY Owners of ae world’s Owners of the world’s largest Asbestos Mines dot Mines oe ee eee se clectrical,rope,air »tope, air- plane, piario, pipe- organ, flat, hoops, bale-ties, tacks, nails, barbed-wite, concrete re og ment, springs, net- wire fences, steel t posts, trolley-road wires and rail ny wire wheels, auto-towing es, horse-shoes, Mlustrated Books Describing ‘Uses, FREE American eee: F. Banckes,V.P.£G.8.1. THE MIDGET SLIDE RULE will instantly add, subtract, multiply, divide, solve propor- tion, give any root or power, Log- arithms, Sines, Cosines, Tan- gents and Cotangents. Made of si). Metal. Size4’’. Pricewith16 page | Instruction Book, $1.00. Your money back if you are not satis- fied. Catalogue free, also free ——- in Logarithms and Trigonom Gilson Slide ay Co., iles, ch that geal Ane that can the tor Th kert the Here one « stri able ‘7 the just cut the the: nail insi are the T can strc hok pla use: inn tha cou boa

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A Good Way to Keep Glue Warm T is very inconvenient when you are using the glue-pot, suddenly to find that the glue has grown cold and con- gealed. By making and using a glue-warmer ; like the one — AIR HOLES shownin theil- p— wien = lustration, you | - can eliminate ye this trouble. Two ordi- nary tin cans, FSCREEN a piece of wire netting, and a candle are the = = only materials : necessary. E Set the can- z dle in the low- An easily made glue-warmer ©! C20, the wire that produces good results netting be- tween the cans, the glue pot on top of this, and the other can over the whole thing to retain the heat.—J. H. Moore. The Barrel Transformed Into a Wagon-Seat CALIFORNIA rancher devised @ wagon seat from one end of a kerosene barrel, which is placed on the projecting ends of the 2 by 4 in. Here is the original nucket-seat. It is mad e from one end of a kerosene warrel and fills the bill nicely strips of wood that form the detach- able floor of his dirt-wagon. The barrel is sawed off just below the center, while a second cut is made just above the third hoop, and a third cut just above the first hoop, leaving the bottom intact. ‘The hoops are then drilled over each stave and a nail driven in and riveted or clinched inside. ‘The second and third’ hoops are cut, the ends reaching the edge of the staves. The top is padded and covered with canvas, which is bound around with a strong tape. The whole makes an up- holstered easy seat, that is ‘readily placed on and off the wagon. The uses to which this seat can be put are innumerable, and it relieves one of that tired feeling which is often en- couraged by the common type--of- board seat. —CHARLES WAGNER. Look ahead — plan to put your own key in your own front door And don’t let your choice of building materials stop with the selection of wood and stone. Choose your hardwere: Select flocks and hardware which will be in harmony with your home. In Sargent Hardware, protection and attractiveness are com- bined with durability. Your architect knows this and will vouch for the solid quality and superb finish of all Sargent products, Select with him, from the Sargent Book of Designs, the pare ticular design which is in keeping with your home. -‘Phere you will find mcny tasteful patterns which were created by Sargent designers to harmonize with the highest architectural and dec- orative standards, We will send you a copy on request. Sargent Door Closers In every home there are doors that should be kept closed—back-stair door, storm door, cellar door, lavatory or closet door. Sargent Door Closers add to the quiet and dignity of the home—no doors ajar, no slamming and banging. SARGENT & COMPANY, Hardware Manufacturers 50 Water Street, New Haven, Conn. iw under fonel $75 worth.” ie aero etn The It is always on ng demount { saw catibment, b at by piling oba pil pin, and use Sas Cutth Equi; Full Information FREE Write us, now, for hy stig on this log saw, and on our fast cutting equipment _ win down trees. Low prices, now OF sa ‘4 . OTTAWA FS, CO. creawasReness:

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Ce Se eo ae i ta a a ia feat si Si ee aa wo Poa 7 = ET i ‘os tht They Give You Fingers of Steel The handy man will be handier with a pair of “Red Devil” Pliers. The mechanic will find them indispensable. For amateur use in the household they can be ap- plied in hundreds of ways. For the professional no other single tool can be used more effectively. Made in over 100 styles. There are “Red Devil’ Pliers for general and for special use. All “Red Devil” hand tool are honestly "made, made to wear. They will last a lifetime. wen i oat nce’ Electrician’s Tools Pliers or Glass Cutters Hack Saw Frames Hack Saw Blades Augur Bits Chain Drills Etc., etc. Send For Tool Booklet Smith & Hemenway Co. Incorporated 264 Broadway New York, N. Y. Factories: Irvington, N. J. Try ‘‘Red Devil’’ Corrugated Lock Washers —— six point contact, hold fast. Mortising a Rafter to Gain Strength HERE is a right and a wrong way to do everything. A rafter, for instance, can be mortised into a timber in such a way that it will weaken the structure instead of strengthening it. In Fig. 1 the mortise is shown cut at right angles to the surface of the timber. This is bad, because if the rafter is dis- turbed from its intended posi- tion in the mor- tise its end is likely to bear heavily against the short end of the timber, and with the grain, thus tending to shear it off. The rafter also has been squared off with its straight edge, which causes it to bear entirely at the The nd sok ees a m 1 Ta a of the je 4 the reason why In Fig. 2 you see the same mortise, but the end of the rafter is shown cut at an obtuse angle, which allows it to act as a chisel. In this way it is liable to pry up the timber end if forced out of line. Fig. 3 illustrates the best method, because the end of the rafter, which is cut at 90 degrees with its upper edge, butts firmly against the end of the mortise cut at the necessary angle. By this method the shearing force is reduced and so is the chiseling force. The downward pressure is more evenly distributed than in either of the for- mer methods.— L. B. Rossins. It Pays to Burn Headlights in the Daytime EXT time you see an automo- bilist driving along the street in the middle of the day with his head- lights turned on, do not yell at him because you think him either stupid or careless. Perhaps he knows what he is doing and is trying to increase the life of his storage battery. There is as much danger in an over- charged storage battery as there is in one allowed to run down. On long trips during the daylight hours, when the car is operated at speeds of twenty-five miles an hour and over, the battery is liable to be overcharged. When this occurs, the battery over- heats. Automatic cutouts sometimes do not work properly or quickly enough, and burning the lights during a portion of long trips is an added precaution which may save the motor- ist the price of a new battery. BATTERY (iL (HARGING PAYS BIG PROFITS Winter Brings Biggest Profits You can have from $100 to $350 profit monthly from charging batteries, in connection with your Present business, by establishing a battery re- charging station. Now is the time to get into this: work. Get those big profits. You can readily handle a battery charging busi- ness, as no special electrical or mechanical know- ledge is required to install or operate. An HB Battery Charger for Every Size Business All HB Chargers are sturdy, dependable and absolutely reliable. Practically wearproof. Nothing to burn out, no expensive renewals or repairs. No attention, except occasional oiling. Uses power from your lighting lines. Big, quick profits, easily made. CHOOSE THE SIZE YOU NEED HB 500-Watt Charger Recharges 1 to 8 6-volt batteries or their equivalent at a time. Furnished com plete with clear, black, elec- trical, slate switch- jj board, with mountings |} of ammeter, field rheo- stat, voltage lamp, two controlling switches. A big money-n aker fora small battery business. $15 Cash—Balance on easy monthly terms HB 16-Battery Charger Recharges 1 to 16 6-volt bat- teries at once or their equival- entin 12 or 24-volt batteries. Furnished complete with 2 independent charging panels, each with a capacity of 8 bat- # teries. A splendid machine for alive, energetic garage owner fa wishing to get big profits. Small cash payment Balance on easy monthly xs BS ce HB 32-Battery Charger Recharges 1 to 32 6-volt batteries or equivalent atatime. Four separ- ate charging lines, each capable of charging up to 8 batteries. Ideal equipment for big ga- @ rageor battery service : station. Will make as high as $250 to $450 a month clear profit. Small cash payment : Balance on easy monthly terms Sold on Trial Under HB Absolute Money-Back Guarantee § All HB Equipment is sold under our absolute guarantee of complete satisfaction. You run no risks not satisfied after using any HB Equipment 10 days, you may return it and receive all you paid us. The iB monthly payment plan is an tional You Newd” Select the Charger You Need. Check the Coupon Below. Mark on this coupon this HB Charger you are interested in. Tear it out and mail TODAY. e t in your town to have an HB Charger. Don’t delay. Act now. eseeeeeeee(EAR OFF HERE®2222e2ee222 HOBART BROS. CO., Box S127, TROY, OHIO Send me information about the HB equipment checked be- low, one t tell me about the HB Money-Back Guarantee and eke HB 8-Battery Charger ...... HB Belted Charger beeen HB 16-Battery Charger (Used where electric cratic HB 32-Battery Charger Current is not availavle) ge ee Pee eT Tee LEE ee Pete errr n were een naneearldllessesceesss. “Saws 25 Cords In 614 Hours” That’s what Ed. Davis, an Iowa wood sawyer says he did with a WITTE 6h. p. Saw- Rig. Another claims 40 loads of pole wood in 8 hours and 20 minutes with a6h. p. Hundreds of WITTE Saw-Rig owners have made similar records, and coining money. Any hustler can make big money with the WITTE. When not sawing you can operate other machinery. It’s the one all-parpose out- fit for farmers and men who make sawing a business. Prices are favorable rightnow. As an illustration, you can get a 2h. p. WITTE Stationary Engine on skids, complete catalog equipment, now, for $44.95, cash with order. other sizes, 2 to 30 h. p., at low prices. Lifetime guarantee. Big catalog of Engines and Saw outfits FREE. Write for it TO-DAY. WITTE ENGINE WORKS KANSAS CITY,MO. PITTSBURGH, PA. 2221 Oakland Ave. 2221 Empire Bldg. a.

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How.to Make a Door-Check from a Bicycle Pump. ITH only a little transforma- tion a small hand bicycle pump may be pressed into service as a door-check. A thin, narrow strip of strap-iron or brass is soldered to the bottom of the pump, SPRING and bent as a shown in the illus- tration. This is then punched foralength ‘The spring at the top of of ten- the door helps the pump gage wire. to do its work properly The threaded connection at the air outlet is removed, and the end flat- tened, and the cracks filled with sol- der to strengthen it. This is also punched. The wire is then run through the holes provided, and bent, after which the ends are flattened and bored for a small wood-screw. The wire running through the flattened end of the pipe is bent forward slightly to prevent its working down. This device works best when a spring is used on the door, and with this arrangement a much stiffer spring gece END FLATTENED AND DRILLED FOR SCREWS How the pump is transformed into a door check is seen by the illustration can be used, and at the same time, with the check, prevent the door from slamming. This check works well on windy days, since it prevents any rapid opening or shutting of the door. The plunger of the pump should be moderately dry, in order to allow some leakage of air in the chamber.—Da.e VAN Horn. A Spray Irrigation Post for Thirsty Crops HE growth of spray irrigation in the past ten years has been phe- nomenal. Hence, any device that will aid a system that has developed from the lawn-sprinkler of the city dweller to overhead irrigation machinery for supplying water to entire fields of growing crops merits consideration. The accompanying illustration shows an anchorage for suspending overhead spray-nozzle lines. An overhead spray- - nozzle line can be supported by tele- phone-poles from 8 to 10 in. at the base and from 6 to 8 in. at the top. Wooden posts should be painted with —- en ———__- ra — pa = - Law ————— A ——— —=— — fe — eee mil 7” l| STHHTTLLTY ITLL PTH anil Tests, Not Guesses! guide the making of Simonds Saw Steel, whether employed in fabricating our many types of saws for metal or wood cutting—or for the hardened, tempered flat plates we furnish of this same steel, ground to the specifications of other manu- facturers. This super-care exercised in producing Simonds — Saw Steel insures a quality that is edge-holding, wear-resisting and uniform. Your inquiries are invited for Saws or for Steel Plates. Simonds Manufacturing Company ‘The Saw Makers” Established 1832 FITCHBURG, MASS. Chicago, Ill. Montreal, Que. Lockport, N. Y. San Francisco, Cal. New York City Portland, Ore. Memphis, Tenn. Seattle, Wash. New Orleans, La. Vancouver, B. C. London, England St. John, N. B. - ‘THE SIMON FITCHBURG.M * KEEP ag (dal * : | | Ri ee ~~ i ma

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= was hae ile! wi enn SE en aoe ag creed gs iy Sink SR Peer gy Ts - ; ee ia dail poe Getting Closer to Capacity As things are in industry to-day, the capacity of a machine is not so im- portant as getting an output some- where near that capacity. Veeder Counters show the operator what his machine can produce by recording what it does produce — and what rate-of-work is standard. You easily bring-up closer to capacity when you equip with ReGOL COUNTERS —because you know what each machine is doing in time to make it do more—if the standard for the job calls for more. The Revolution Set-Back Counter records the output of any machine where a shaft revolution indicates an operation. Sets back to zero from any figure by & turning knob once around. Supplied with from four to ten figure-wheels, as required. Price with four figures, as illustrated, $9.00 (subject to discount). Cut less than one half size. ‘(Kon (onto te The Number 14 Rachet Counter at left registers one for each throw of the lever, recording number of machine _ operations. Supplied with outside stops which regulate the throw of the lever, and having retum spring action which automatically returns the lever into position for the next count. The lever is adjustable, allowing the counter to be used at any angle. Price, $2.25. Cut nearly full size. Most any machine you’ re interested in can be equipped with a Veeder Counter; the Veeder booklet shows the instruments. Copy on request. THE VEEDER MFG. CO. 44 Sargeant Street - Hartford, Conn. tar or treated with creosote. The posts should be elevated higher than the line. The bases of the posts should be set in beds of concrete about 18 in. in diameter and 3 ft. deep. The end posts and cables should be well anchored. with guys fastened to wooden or concrete deadmen. A 5-ft. ed by deadmen weighed by an anchor anchor rod should be attached to the deadman and extended above the sur- face, with the eye where a turnbuckle and a guy-wire can be attached. Single guys are used where the tops of the end posts of several lines can be connected with a guy-wire perpendicular to the nozzle lines; otherwise double guys are used. The distance between the dead- men and the post should be equal to at least one third the height of the base of the post.—S. R. WINTERs. Covering Steam-Pipes to Save Heat OVERING steam-pipes with a specially prepared coating or sleeve to prevent the waste of heat where it is not wanted is a precaution observed by many plumbers. The method here illustrated was adopted in a case where a steam- pipe was run in the open to heat a shed for temporary work. While, in STEAM PIPE Old newspapers wrapped around the steam- pipes will retain heat that is usually wasted this case, it was only a makeshift, it might be neatly done and used per- manently. Paper may be used inside and cloth outside where weather con- ditions would not permit the use of paper. First the pipe is wrapped with an old rope, small in size, in spiral form;- then old newspapers are wrapped on the rope and loosely tied with twine or a cord.— CHARLES R. FIsHER. V' taken in us a fats WI it sh First treme crack lowin es rops the ss crack ly rul and y the ¢ on tl Now, of wh colore coat t will ¢ color end o often At make With throu; prevel Into t used will n

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Attachment for Holding Taper Shank-Drills in a Lathe HE illustration shows a steel sleeve bored and internally thread- ed to fit the spindle of a lathe at one end and the other end bored out to take taper shank-drills. A slot is cut for the insertion of a drift the same BORE OUT TO FIT SAME AS TAPER SHANK ORILLS LATHE TAIL STOCK FITLATHE SLOT FOR DRIFT . IND ssbb DRILL ROD Drills held in this manner cannot slip aff and break. The live spindle will now hold taper shank-drills as in a drill-press sleeve. This allows | the use of taper shank-drills on a live spindle of the lathe. The sleeve may also be used on the tailstock by being screwed into the attachment shown at the right. The outer end of this is threaded the same as the lathe spindle, and the other end tapered to fit the tailstock. The shoulder is drilled for a piece of drill- rod, which rests against the lathe-bed and keeps the attachment from turn- ing. Drills held in the tailstock in this way are in no danger of slipping off and being broken, as is the case when they must rest against a dead center.—H. H. BARKER. A Circular Saw Must Not Be Neglected ERY often a circular saw will be- come cracked, and if it is not taken care of it is apt to break while inuse. Such neglect has caused many a fatal accident. _ When a saw is found to be cracked it should be repaired immediately. First find the ex- treme end of the a crack by the-fol- Y J SSS — lowing method: Ha==% place several 4 drops of oil on : the saw near the crack, thorough- ly rub it around, and wipe off all the oil that is § HOLe 4 the surface. — ow,witha stick Never neglect a cracked of white or light- fusiness for one ‘using colored chalk, coat the surface of the saw. The oil will come out of the crack and dis- color the chalk, showing the extreme end of the crack, which is othe:wise | often invisible. At the extreme end of the crack make a mark with a prick-punch, and with an Yin. drill bore a hole through the saw. The hole in the steel prevents the crack from going farther Into the metal, and the saw can be used with perfect confidence that it will not break.—Haro.p F. Nerr. moo! Samice Service that is reflected in work accomplished. Service that is evident through length of time. Service that has satisfied three generations. Brown & Sharpe Mfg Co. PROVIDENCE , R.I.

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The Disston Family of Quality Tools Here are some of them. Each tool of our big Disston family is of the same quality that has made Disston Saws the world’s standard for almost eighty years. Six Hundred of our 3,600 workmen are engaged in the making of Steel in our own mill, all within the walls surrounding our 61-acre plant. Each kind of tool is made of a special mix of steel, peculiarly adapted to meet the requirement of that particular tool, which, together with scientific hardening and tempering, gives greatest efficiency. (1) Disston Screw Blades of Crucible Saw and reputation as makers Driver. Blades of special Steel evenly tempered of high grade plastering grade of steel found to and accurately ground to trowels closely rival our give greatest durability. run with minimum ition as producers of Points well shaped and amount of set. Filed for hand saws. Tight rivets, —— eg A me smooth cutting. — — handles oO ardwood, and handles so placed as comfortable to the hand. es See to insure proper balance (2). Disston Marking life on Disston Saws. and ease in working. A Flower-Pot on a Birch-Tree Stump — HEN a weeping birch) died, its owner decided that the white bark would look well made over into a rustic flower-tub for the lawn. He cut the tree off about 18 in. from the ground, and mounted a small tub on and Mortise Gauges. Varieties ranging from those made of plain hard- wood to more expensive box and rosewoods, with plated cutting heads and stem. Teeth are properly formed and_ thoroughly hardened. Files are sub- jected to actual filing test before passing in- spection at the factory. (5) Disston Plastering (6) Disston Hack Saw Frames. All styles. Model shows extension frame. Very strong and rigid. Design of handle affords easy operation and control. Trowels. Are made with careful consideration given to balance, lift and weight. Obtained by up- to-date forging and grind- ing facilities. Temper second to none. (9) Disston Saw Sets. Made on the proper prin- ciples. Have a double lever. One plunger tight- ly clamps saw blade o the anvil, while the other sets the tooth. Adjust- able for various points of saws. Small size for hand, (3){Disston Back Saws. Trowel. Our experience (7) Disston Hand Saws. The standard the world S . over. We are the oldest and largest manufacturers of hand saws in America. (8) Disston Brick 11) Disston Compass Ss Indispensable in class room, home or me- chanic’s kit. Screws all the way through handle and blade fastened with flush nut. (12) Disston Adjustable Plumb and Level. Quick and simple of adjustment, at same time accurate. No springs to get out of order. Slight turn of a screw will set the bubble true, if level has been disturbed. Not affected by climatic conditions. Complete assortment. (13) Disston Mill Files. We know what a file should do as well as how to make them. About 35,000 dozen files are an- butcher and web _ saws, nually consumed by our etc. Also large size for workmen in the manufac- light-gauge circular saws. ture of Disston Saws. 10) Disston Try (14) Disston Chromol Made from Hack Saw Blades. Possess extraordinary durability. They are made from special alloy steel, mill teeth and set ‘ with raker tooth to ob- Heavy Brass face firmly tain greatest ease and secured to the stock. clearance in cutting. Disston Saws and Tools are sold by progressive dealers everywhere. Write to us for informa- tion on the tools in which you are most interested. HENRY DISSTON & SONS, Inc. PHILADELPHIA, U. S. A. “America’s Largest and Longest Established Makers of Hand Saws, Cross-Cut Saws, Band Saws, Circular Saws, and Tools” Canadian Works: Toronto, Canada Old Files Make Good Ice-Picks ; Now is the time to turn that old tree-stump ‘into a _ flower-pot so that it will be ready for spring the stump. A large pail would have answered the purpose equally as well. The branches of the birch he split lengthwise, and nailed the halves vertically against the side of the tub, pointing the projecting ends both above and below. With four smaller branches he tied the bottom of the tub more firmly on to the base of the tree. The receptacle now being ready, its builder filled it with rich soil from the garden and planted it with spring flow- ers, changing these to summer and autumn varieties with the different seasons. On account of the upstanding fringe of birch, long-stemmed flowers look best in this receptacle. - Even without plants, the bright color of the bark makes this vase-like contrivance ~ a very striking ornament against the ~ green lawn.—C. L. MELLER. q for the Refrigerator ORN-OUT files are discarded ~ by the thousands every year; ~ and yet, there are countless ways in ~ which they might be used. 4 On account of the fine steel used in | a file, an ice-pick can be made that ~ will be as good as any manufactured ~ product. 4 If you have an old 8-in. three- = cornered file, grind it smooth on an ™ emery wheel, at the same time round- © ing off the sharp corners and _bring- ing out a good point on its end. Leave the ferrule inits original shape, ~ and when the grinding is finished, place © the handle just as you would on‘a file—H. F. Nurr.