Popular Science Monthly 1919-04: Vol 94 Iss 4

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RU Reg.US.PatOf 20 -en fe, , . ee Melting Steel Under Water wee : LIB Re ee age 54 JN} wh) r , , a) science AA e Founded MONTHLY 1% CSc:

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“The rubber.in those tires came from Sumatra.” | “That's ia long way off, Son. How :do ‘you know?” “Because they’re United States Tires, just ‘like those on my bike. The United States Rubber Com- pany has a big plantation there— a hundred thousand acres—so they can grow their own .rubber for tires, and be sure it’s good.” “I know the tires are first class _but I did not know that. How’d you find it out?” “Dad told me I could buy the tires for my wheel myself if I’d learn something about tires, so I studied up. I asked fellows who have had wheels a long while are Good Tires States Cycle Tires which tires were best and they said ‘United States every time.’ Then I found out that the United States Rubber Company is the largest rubber manufacturer in the world and their factories have been making tires ever since bicycles were invented. They ought to know how. And they have all kinds of chemists and in- spectors working and watching all the time to make their tires better.” “TI told Dad I was going to buy United States Tires and he said: ‘I guess you’ve learned something 2°99 worth while’. “You sure have, Son, if they’re as good as these United States Royal Cords. Stick to them.” There are numerous styles of United States Tires for Bicycles, both clincher and single .tube—one to suit every wheél.and every pocketbook. Be sure it is United States.

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~ Popular Science Monthly Waldemar Kaempffert, Editor , April, 1919; Vol. 94, No. 4 Twenty Cents; Two Dollars a Year Published in New York City at _ 225 West Thirty-ninth Street Fighting the U-Boat with Paint How American and English artists taught sailors to dazzle the U-boat: | . By Waldemar Kaempffert OBIN HOOD was a camoufleur. R Like all huntsmen from time immemorial, he wore green, so that he would blend in color with the foliage of the forest. He must have been all but invisible when he stood stock-still. Naval officers would say, in their technical parlance, that his visibility was low. There never was a time, in the his- tory of warfare, when similar camou- flaging was not practised in a crude yet effective way for the purpose of concealment. Julius Caesar knew the value of low visibility; for he gave orders that the ships that bore him to Britain should be painted green and that his sailors should wear green. The Romans camouflaged their ships when they went out to suppress troublesome Mediterranean pirates. And the seafaring Danes, too, long before the Christian era, tied boughs to their ma;ts and lurked in forest-fringed bays to mislead their naval foes. Battleships have been painted a dull slate-gray for a generation, to make’ them less conspicuous; but it is doubtful if their visibility was ever aslow asthat of the camouflaged ships of the ancient Romans and Danes. At all events, we know now that battleship paint was neither properly selected nor scientifically applied. Artists to the Rescue When the German U-boats began their depredations, it became desperately necessary to provide some protective . coloration for transports, food-ships, and the hundreds of vessels that were carrying munitions to Europe. Battleship gray having proved utterly useless, naval officers turned instinc- tively to artists for advice and ,assis- tance. If an artist, with his trained Is a new dazzle design effective ? 17 The navy camoufeurs found out in the ' laboratory by testing a painted model with a special type of periscope eye, knows how to apply color, knows how to trace lines on canvas so that they become thee counterfeit present- ment of the thing he sees, couldn’t he reverse the process and devise some way ‘of: blotting out the thing to be looked at? It so happened that American art- ists interested themselves in devising schemes of protective coloration as soon as the U-boat began to sink on sight. The pioneers among them were verre hs een

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WRIBE Aciileiecicasencse ee ti ‘ | .Association was formed for the ‘purpose of laying down the a. Hl HLH Mi il ih Wi SEO as Here you have the ordinary ocean steamship painted a battle- ship gray, which is supposed to conceal but doesn’t. What is she but a collection of angles? She is visible at 15,000 yards William Andrew Mackay, Maximilian Toch, Gerome Brush, E. L. Warner, and Louis Herzog... These artists relied almost entirely on their experience as observers of nature and colorists; no attempt was made at first to approach the subject scientifically. Standardizing Marine Camouflage In1917 the Submarine Defense principles of mariné camouflage and standardizing them as far as possible. The association was © composed of nearly a hundred leading American and British shipping and export companies and all the leading marine insurance firms. Lindon W. Bates was made chairman of the Engineering Committee, and through him Mr. George East- man became interested to such an extent that the resources of the Kodak Laboratory were placed at the committee’s disposal so that camouflage could be studied scientifically. The first inkling that ship-owners and the general public received that the ap- parently crazy splashes of paint and the freakish stripes that adorned the smokestacks, superstructure, and hulls of ships-were not the whimsical color schemes of half-demented cubists and futurists, but very carefully thought out systems of protection, came in an order from the War Risk Insurance Board -to the effect that ships not camouflaged according to the principles laid down by Mackay, Brush, Herzog, Toch, and Warner would have to pay a higher premium for marine insurance. The committee provisionally accepted the work of these five men as a basis, and then proceeded tostudy camouflage not from the artistic but solely from a dispassionate scientific point of view. The forward part of the bridge and the deck-house are particularly conspicuous because the angles are accentuated by light and shade. partially destroyed on a ship painted gray by apply- ing masses of dark blue directly to the bridge angles and by diagonal stripes of dark blue on the hull U-Boat Commanders Baffled For a time low-visibility coloration baffled the U-boat commanders. It had its limita- tions. Effective enough at dis- They were not the mere whims of some de- mented artist, the curious patches of color that make camouflage look queer to us, but patterns designed after careful study by artists whose eyes have been trained to observe tances of 5,000 yards or more, it failed to protect at shorter ranges. More- over, U-boat commanders were not dependent on their eyes alone; their craft were equipped with microphone sound-detectors—sensitive instruments that made audible the beating of dis- tant propellers, the thumping of en- gines, the thousand and one murmurs, raspings, and clankings of a laboring ship. Even if the U-boat captain’s eyes were momentarily fooled, his electrical ears were hearing. Then it was that Mr. Mackay and Commander Norman Wilkinson, the distinguished English marine artist, independently began to experiment with the idea of throwing the U-boat commander off the track. The man at the periscope has to sight and to take very careful bearings be- fore he can plant a torpedo success- fully. He launches his torpedo at a range of less than a mile, as a rule. 18 The angles can be Popular Science Monthly — A further destruction of visible angles, as well as horizontal and vertical lines, is obtained by patches of black. Just where the patches must be applied is deter- mined by study and experiment Is it not possible to fool him as to the direction in which the ship is heading, or as to the part of the hull at which he is looking? That is the underlying - principle of what is known as the “dazzle” system. It is now combined with the low-visibility system; for low visibility has advantages at ranges of more than 5 000 yards. The ‘‘ Dazzle’ The dazzle system is really an evolution of the low-visibility system. It was discovered that, while large patches of color serve to break up the char- acteristic lines of a ship, smaller patches are even more effective. Small patches, in turn, sug- - gested stripes, and striping is the basis of some “‘dazzle’’ for- mulas. Low-visibility painting and dazzle painting are really antagonistic in principle. The one is most effective at long ranges, the other at short ranges. Low visibility is of primary import- ance; dazzle painting is of use only at fairly close quarters after low visi- bility has failed. Low visibility is in- tended to prevent an attack from being made at all—the dazzle system to pre- vent the attack from being successful. Low visibility is always of primary im- portance, because it complicates the U-boat’s task. Suppose an uncamouflaged ship is visible at 15,000 yards. Skilful camou- flaging will enable her to approach the seeing eye to within 5,000 yards without increasing her visibility. In- terpret this fact in terms of the sub- marine. It means that more U-boats must patrol a given area traversed by . System ‘camouflaged than by uncamouflaged ships. The area of a circle varies as_ the squares of the radius. Hence, if a camouflaged ship can steam safely at

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the ing, lich ‘ing - the ned for 1gzes 000 ally lity hat, olor har- aller tive. sug- - g is for- ting ally The long port- a ee ———— A final application of white in patches, scientifically disposed relatively to the gray, blue, and black masses,reduces the visibility toa minimum. A ship so cam- ouflaged is harder to see at 5,000 yards than one uncamouflaged at 15,000 yards a distance of 5,000 yards and an un- camouflaged ship only at a distance of 15,000 yards, the area that a U-boat can effectively patrol is only one ninth as great if it is hunting for ships of low visibility. Nine submarines must patrol the area that could otherwise be covered by one. On the whole, more reliance is placed on the attain- ment of low visibility than on dazzling painting. But, at least, dazzling the U-boat commander has this advantage. If he does not score a hit, he is sure to be run down or sunk by gun-fire when he comes up to find out whether or not he was successful. He betrays himself. What Constitutes ‘‘Appearance’’ ? Look at that horse walking down the street. You recognize him at once as a horse, even though he is a quarter of a mile away. And why? Because of his general appearance, you say. Literally thousands of low visibility and dazzle designs were experimented with in England and in the United States, until at last a few systems were evolved that made it difficult to see a ship at a distance as well as to determine her direction And this is what the U-boat com- mander sees through the periscope— a confused jumble of apparently mean- ingless patches of black or color. It, is difficult for him to determine in what direction the ship is heading But what constitutes ‘appearance’? Form and very little else—a peculiar arrangement of lines, curves, and angles. If you paint a picture of him you sketch on your canvas these lines, curves, and angles. Out at sea is a ship. Like every- thing else in the world, she is to the eye a combination of lines and angles. In which direction is she heading? North-northwest, you say. How do you know? You judgethecourse chiefly by the motion of the superstructure, a thing that bears a certain angular relationship to the hull. Destroy these angles, or substitute others for them. The angles by which we judge rela- tive motion are not those to which _ our eyes have been accustomed; the ship seems to be heading in a direc- tion that is not her real course. Look at such a ship through the periscope, and you will be dazzled— dazzled not in the sense that you find it painfully difficult to see, but in the sense that you are deceived. An error of a few degrees in course, of two knots in speed, or of two hundred to three hundred yards in range is enough to throw out the aim of the man who gives the signal to launch a torpedo. It was the task of the Submarine Defense Association . to determine whether low visibility was better than dazzle, or vice versa; whether low visibility should be combined with dazzle or not; and how the different low visibility systems compare with one another and likewise the different dazzle systems. . Scientific research proved that every dazzle system surrenders something to visibility. How much may thus be safely sacrificed in order to throw out the torpedo can be determined only af- ter along and patient scientific investi- gation. It seems certain, however, that dazzle painting on bows, funnels, and masts is very effective, the result being a confused pattern’ which usually de- ceives as to course, range, and speed. Enter the Scientist The first scientific study of marine camouflage has been made by Mr. Lloyd Jones, of the Eastman Kodak Laboratory. He invented a visibility meter in order to pursue his investi- gations. His dispassionate examina- tion shows whether or not the particu- lar shade of violet or green selected is scientifically the best, or how one dazzle pattern compares with another. The artist, having laid the foun- _ dation, gracefully re- tires and leaves the refining of marine camouflage to the physicist.

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If your hot-air register refuses to work, it is prob- ably clogged with dirt. Let your vacuum cleaner _suck the dirt away. Hot air will then shoot forth Zn mea dead No wonder she “cleaned up.”” She drew their Red Cross money from them with a vacuum cleaner LLOLEOLDLLSDNDOUALMLLMALDE It is much easier to clean the inside of a box by inserting a tube than one’s head, shoulders, arms, and a dust-rag What chance do frost and ice stand of cling- ing to a wifidow-pane when a vacuum cleaner gets after them? MALO OLL LULL proeswssinitt1 ide Ta ane ciddddda ve cea ceeded An ever-present cleaner hanging on your belt will lift the road dust from your automobile —if you own one All the little molecules of water that persist in clinging to photo- graphic films are swept up by the cleaner Popular Science M. onthly Jobs that a Truly Industrious ORME — : HUM © Underwood & Underwood Re gm OATH RA Tee TNT N * ta oe aida ssedaassllldddaaatscaiteldisidssasmmidiiddiaaissssaslia

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April, 1919 Vacuum Cleaner Will Do : Cellars are damp and cellar floors usually wet. This one was, and she went after it with a vacuum cleaner ACCRA ANAT IHG a OO chee ZZ ths ne % - 0 Te We WE ie dco ORULILLE ILL Armatures, like pies, require an evenoven. This oven, Vacuum-clean the dust off your old P for armatures was made even by a vacuum cleaner boxes and sell your stock as new N Ny =i SSAA AAW As a reward for his faithful ser- vice Dobbin re- ceived the V.C. Chassis ad oudidccccdcccccca It’s: much bet- ter than hang- ing your head out of the. win- dow or airing it on the roof Screen doors gather huge quantities of dust from the street, and pass it along indoors every time the door bangs. If you pick the dust off the screen - with’a vacuum cleaner, you prevent dust and bacteria from spreading Pe A ONIN POMS Pant I ORION ET

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SSS The guard-rail of an old bridge had to be removed, and so the engineers cut off the planking by means of a compressed-air saw that they built themselves Compressed-Air Saw Made from Old Drill EN the highway engineers of the State of Connecticut had to replank one of the State’s 1,800-foot bridges, they were confronted with the problem of removing the old worn planks without disturbing the guard- rail at one side. If the ordinary practice had been pursued, the guard- rail would have been removed, the new planking would have been fastened down, and then the guard-rail would have been restored. The method is slow, laborious, and expensive. The State highway engineers de- cided to use an air-driven saw. What is more, they made their own saw. It has a heavy rectangular open-box framework similar to that used by concrete-makers for measuring sand or cement. The side members have their ends rounded off to form four handles, by means of which the entire tool may be easily moved. : ' The framework has a longitudinal . center member which serves to sup- port an ordinary portable drill trans- versely of the bex.” A shaft is inserted in the chuck of the drill, and a circular saw mounted on the shaft near the center member. The apparatus was laid’ down on the planking and guided in a straight line along the length of the bridge by means of. two narrow furring strips tacked to the planking at a distance apart slightly greater than the over-all width of the framework. The depth of the saw cut was regulated | so that only the top worn layer of planking was removed. The frame could be rocked by the weight of the operator, and the depth of the cut regulated accordingly. The use of the device made it possi- ble to leave the guard-rail in place, and to fit the new planks to the edge eut by the saw, without damaging the underneath layer of planks. The pneumatic drill was operated by com- pressed air supplied from a portable ‘compressor installed for drilling and riveting work on the same bridge. Grasping the han- dles opens the lid and. the fire-bucket is ready for imme- diate use—provided it has been kept filled with water, according to the fire-prevention rules Thespring cover will stay open as long as you keep a firm hold on the handle 22 LEVER-ODERATING TAN DLE. Popular Science Monthly To Determine Distances without Instruments ‘i best way to determine the distance to an inaccessible point when you have no instruments is shown in the illustration. If you want to find the width of a river between the points A and B, place a pin in a board held over the point A to represent that point, another 8 in. from it for B, and still another 4 in. from the first pin in any direc- tion as Q. With the pins thus arranged in a triangle, and with one leg twice ag long as the other and the longer directed toward B from A, set a line flag at about half the distance A-B, sighting across the short leg of the triangle. Begin at A, and find the point X on A-Q where the long side of the pin triangle intersects B while the short side is pointed at A. The distance A-Z is then equal to one half A-B, and may be measured with a tape. LAND MARKY B | Mi: ' | f tRiveR eine ETE ee —————— b> Sag b7 Q Aa ATA SIGHT BOARD bP? TWICE THIS W | DISTANCE Do you want to know the width of a river?. Follow the directions above Lift the Bucket and the Cover Opens REQUENTLY fire-buckets have no cover, hence the water evapo- rates. - On the other hand, inspection in large cities often reveals long rows of buckets with a board running through the handles for a covering. You can see what that means when seconds are precious. Here is a fire- bucket in which, in addition to the usual hand grip at the top, there is an operating handle near the bottom, connected by a system of levers to the lid, which is thus opened by the mere act of lifting the bucket. The lid closes ~~, when the bucket ey is again set down. SPRING? COVER | BERET ms nape Rae: BE Sg pats dat Ao AE

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uD ct EAN) nestsenantie. comme |" BR! FILT April, 1919 UIE aoe Cota dog cage ae Mother Earth Tries to Swallow a Railroad Thousands of car-loads of dirt have failed to satisfy this strange subterranean appetite in Darke County, Ohio, that is swallowing up a railroad track. Once in a while it bites off a freight engine or a string of cars trying to carry earth enough to stop its maw; but its regular diet is the railroad right of way, rails, ties and all. More than three thousand car-loads of earth have been thrown into this “hole in the earth,” as the engineers call it; but-a child might have been at work with sand-pail and shovel, for all the good it did. The engineers won’t admit yet that they are whipped, and the fight to save the railroad tracks goes on. A Subterranean Lake? A heavy rain always sends the cold chills running up and down their backs, because every rain makes the road- bed more unsteady. One of these days, it is feared, there won’t be any road-bed, nor any tracks; and it is said that a whole railroad train might be swallowed up and engulfed. Tin ban a hungry bit of land out By Howard Egbert several cars, endeavoring to stop this earth revolt, suddenly disappeared from view. The engine was never recovered, and is probably reposing a hundred feet below the surface at this point today. - An effort was made to recover the cars, but they pulled away from their trucks and the trucks sank from sight. Changes in Land Contour Some pent-up force of tre- mendous pulling power has carried away every cubic foot of earth dumped into this stretch of five hundred feet, lowered the level of the railroad track, and, by some unusual underground operation, has.made out of what was once level country a hill twenty-two feet high Whole rows of trees have been swept into new locations, and the old Fort Recovery road—along which General Arthur St. Clair, pioneer Indian- fighter of America, marched with his little band more than a century ago— Although thousands of car-loads of earth been dumped in, the railroad line is gradually sinking. The strange earth movement has moved trees ten feet from their original position Geologists who have been en- listed in the fight say that: prob- ably a subterranean lake or river exists not far below the surface of the earth at this point. Their belief is borne out by the fact that the swampy lands on both sides of the track eat up hundreds of carloads of earth, and that pools of water are making their appearance on the surface. Local tradition has it that some years ago a dummy engine and _— ===) goadandarailroad Local tradition has it that an engine and sev- eral cars sud- denly . disap- peared from view is breaking up, crumbling, .and dis- appearing entirely in some spots, Indian Relics Come to Surface Not long ago, in an effort to see how far a. pole might be driven into the earth, George Kisiman, a railroad foreman, succeeded in driving a piling fifty feet into the earth, when the piling stuck. Pioneers in that section of Ohio, who have been studying the phenome- non for years, contend that the This road once ran level across therailroad tracks. Now great fissures are forming in it, . and while parts buckle others dis- appear. The large drainage - pipes at the left in the pic- ture below were forced to the sur- face by an earth movement that is swallowing the The great fissures which are constantly forming in the road-bed make traveling on the road im- possible. Railroad men and geologists have been working for years to solve this problem piling ran into the forest of trees and logs that were dumped into the lake years ago in an effort to secure a firm foundation. From time to time the shifting and changing of the earth at this point has brought to the surface relics of Indian days—cannon, trappings, chains, and equipment that General Arthur St. Clair must have used, and probably lost in the treacherous marshes as he marched against the red men. nem nan —oor mre

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Popular Science M onthly Keeping Meat Fresh a Hundred Years Condensing the ox to preserve him forever: a new marvel of chemistry By John Walker Harrington These three articles are cod, sea-bass, and salmon cutlet, all dried in a vacuum ven. © They represent the result of the new- est scientific method of preserv- ing fish, meats, and vegetables EAT that can be shaken dried M from a paper bag at the sound ; of the voice of the unexpected guest in the hall, and so served that the dear friend from the office will believe that its source was the family refrigerator, is the latest boon that science has evolved. eee It means something to have on hand beef, sea-bass, and liver, as-dry as the husks of the Prodigal Son, and yet capable of being converted by a little soaking into foods that have the flavor of cuts just from the butcher shop around the corner. Think what that means! You might be able to drop in for luncheon in your airplane at Mac Millan’s headquarters at the North Pole next year, and eat what tastes like a perfectly new Delmonico steak. The remarkable process by which the flavor is retained in flesh food was originated in the Harriman Labora- tory, an institution founded by Mrs. E. H. Harriman in. mem- ory of her husband. As the late financier once told Dr. W. G. Lyle, the director of the Laboratory, he would have been a physician if his mind had not been turned to railroading. The First Order The laboratory devotes itself largely to discovering the errors commonly made in stoking the human fur- nace. When the United States entered the World War, the Government took over the establishment, which is situated on the grounds of Roosevelt Hospital, in New York city. The first instruction it re- ceived was from Lieutenauit- -Colonel J. R. Murlin, of the Division of- Nutrition and Food of the Medical De- partment, United States Army. He wished to know what could be done to prevent meat from spoiling without injuring its nutritive value. It-was a hard riddle to tackle, but Doctors Falk and Frankel, of the laboratory staff, reached the goal, They were assisted in applying the process on a large scale by Professor Ralph H.-McKee, head of the De- partment of Chemical Engineering at Columbia University. This Meat Will Keep Forever The thing that causes meat to be- come unfit for use, unless it is cured or refrigerated, is the breaking down of its chief constituent, protein, which belongs to the same family as the white of egg. Any egg antiquarian would be able to give us an idea of just how bad such substances become. The jerked beef of the Western plains—dried for days and sometimes weeks in the sun—is so tasteless that the Indians and the Mexicans depend on red pep- pers to make their palates register food. The dried beef of the grocery store is treated with salt to keep it and with saltpeter to retain color. The new method does away with ex- pensive and long-drawn-out preserving and smoking processes. Its basic idea is the drying of the meat in a vacuum oven at so low a temperature that, after the water has been driven off, the protein and also the delicate ferments and aromas are not injured by the heat. The principle is the same as that of the vacuum kettle on which the candy- maker depends to keep his wares from scorching or growing tasteless in the making. For certain obvious reasons, the exact temperature used and other matters of the sort are for the present withheld; but the proof of the theory is in the eating. I have tasted all these products, and have seen them being dried. First, the meat, cut either into inch ° cubes or in thin steaks, is laid on trays of wire net- A dried carp is just being taken out of an oven from which all the air was pumped out before the drying process took place 2 ting. The trays are placed in an oven six feet square, which looks not unlike a bank safe, so heavy are its iron sides. Alongside is a pump that draws out the air and leaves the in- terior of the oven almost a vacuum. The moisture from the drying food is sucked into the big cylinder alongside of the oven, known as a condenser. The oven is kept warm by passing hot water through tubes with which it is lined. It’s Condensed Cow Now The length of the process depends upon the size of the pieces. About ten hours are needed for such meats as beef and mutton; and from four to eight hours for fish. The meat is first freed from bones, gristle, and

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ster ery D it lor. eXx- ying the wa ater and mas The the dy- rom the ons, cher sent Ory all 1em nch ° , is net- iced are, P- a2; side out — in- nost ture | is ider own n is vith Vow cess 2 of ours eats and 3 for reed and April, 1919 superfluous fat, which at once reduces “a carcass to half its bulk. The cubes come out one third of their original size and approximately one sixth of their former weight. ; A condensed cow, allowing for the discarding of the bones, would there- fore be eight or nine per cent as bulky as when she browsed the meadow. She has gone by the game vacuum route over which her milk may have gone to the con- densery Transportation Charges Reduced Should this process come into general use, it would greatly reduce transportation charges on all meats. It is estimated that, commer- cially applied, it would cost as much as refrigera- tion. Vessels. that cross the sea with chilled or refrigerated beef give up fully as much space to the necessary apparatus as they do to the brightly hued quarters themselves. What a great saving in cargo space would re- sult, then, from desic- cating steers of the Ar- gentine down on the pampas, sending them across the At- lantic, and steeping them in water to expand them into the choice cuts of the beef of old- England! A large proportion of the cost of meat in the United States is due to its transportation, first on the hoof to the railway, and then on the ice to the East. Heavy charges are those which pile up on the way from the stock-yards of the packers to the steel-yards of the butchers. Question of Cost to the Consumer Just what the prices of meatsand fish would ultimate- ly be to the small consumer depends upon the interest that the wholesale dealers take in the matter. Many thousands of tons of the flesh of the creatures of land and iron door. sea are annually wasted which could be saved, were they not all eaten up in freight charges. E A Wafer of Liver The Harriman laboratory is con- trolling the patent, with the idea of keeping it in trust for the public good. oe : es { : | The oven itself looks like a safe, so thick is the i The moisture is sucked from the dry- ing food into the big cylinder alongside of the oven Food prepared in the new way is germ- proof. Even when exposed to mois- ture, only a slight coat of mold forms, and this is easily removed. Cheap containers of paper or pasteboard keep it very well, and large quantities can be packed in barrels, or even in burlap bags, without injury. For quick serv- ice meat in powder form is excellent.- Pad Meat powder (center) that will somé day be hash. On each side are pieces of meat before treatment and (above) after, when they are one sixth their original weight Vegetables also may be dried. Here are cabbage, carrots, potatoes, tomatoes, and cauliflower. They retain their color and taste and also the indispens- able vitamines The other day Dr. Frankel handed to an interested visitor a thin brown wafer decorated with a net work design. “Very delicate,’’ commented the favored one. “It’s a new kind of chocolate, I should judge.” “Liver,” was the reply. Cut very’thin and dried, liver can be preserved indefinitely. Fish having not a trace of salt, and retain- ing the fine, full flavor of sea food, are coming daily from the big airless oven at Columbia. Also Dehydrated V egetables Vegetables also are be- ing dried by this process, and the indications are that they will take a high place among dehydrated products. They retain ‘the color and the taste of the garden, and experi- ments reveal that they also keep the invaluable vitamines — those little- understood forces that strengthen and nourish the body and keep away scurvy and wasting diseases. A number of very fat rats, which are serving as test animals, are will- ing to testify to the worth of these supplies from the truck-patch. . Invitations to luncheon consisting of the vacuum dried foods are-issued from time to time by the Harriman labora- tory. The director has a French chef who has prepared some very delicious stews from the meats and vegetables sent from Columbia; but then, a French cook can concoct a dream out of an old soup-bone and a garlic suspicion. Even Dried Hash Stood the Test Hash made by American boarding- house experts has stood the best tests, however; and down at Camp Oglethorpe in Georgia, last summer, three hundred soldiers were served dried beef stew and never knew that they were not getting fresh cuts, although they had it for weeks at a time. There will come a day, no doubt, when both the soldier on the march, and the housewife who can redeem herself as a bountiful hostess by: just adding hot water and serving, will be singing the praises of the new processes. Nature may abhor a vacuum, but human nature will sing no hymn of hate over delectable provender out of the heated void. a ts anand ‘

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FEED-WATER HEATER. PMY LEPETS H ; RICH MIXTURE | -~VENTURI INLET FUEL TUBE A strainer between the gasoline-tank and the carburetor will keep the needle valve clean It Strains the Gasoline HOULD you go to your garage early some morning to get out your car, only to find that all of the gasoline had run out of the tank ‘through the carburetor because a piece of “dirt in the gasoline had clogged the needle ‘valve, you would realize the benefits accruing from the simple gasoline-strainer shown on the car in the picture above. The strainer is fitted in the fuel line between the gasoline-tank and the carburetor, and is generally placed out of the way under the engine hood. The device consists of a cylindrical, round-bottomed bowl with a removable cap. The fuel enters at one side of the cap, passes down and around a cylindrical screen of smaller diameter under the cap, up through the screen, and out to the carburetor on the other side of the cap. ' As the fuel passes up through the screen, the water and dirt in the gasoline are prevented from going through and drop into the dome-shaped bottom, from which they can be removed by opening a screw plug. American Motor-Cars ONK! honk! The Ford is in India., They laugh at it there, just as they do everywhere, but it honks just the same. The driver passes an ancient shrine, and the Hindu priests smile and say something about the “tin Lizzies,” but the machine continues the journey, ignor- ing the remarks. In times of the great fam- ines that occur in India, it has been almost impossible to help the hunger-stricken natives of the interior, owing to the slow haulage system. The vast population © has cried to heaven for relief that seemed never to come. Is the Ford the answer? Can the natives be saved by the honking, bumping machine that always goes where there-is a road left to travel ? Great ships from other continents now land immense cargoes of every descrip- —— os S BG ee. The lean fuel mixture of kerosene and air is brought to ignition by a mixture rich in kerosene, which is blown into the combustion-chamber and ignited Kerosene without Smoke EROSENE will not burn without smoke unless mixed with sufficient air. Yet a mixture containing finely divided kerosene and air enough for. its complete combustion does not ignite readily. Abner Doble, well known as an automobile engineer, has solved this problem for steam- driven automobiles. A centrifugal blower driven by a small electric motor forces air through two Venturi tubes. The suction causeg the kerosene to rise in the supply-pipe, which opens into the air-tube, where it is atomized into a fine spray, and blown into the combustion-chamber under the boilers. By means of compressed air, independent of the blower, a mix- ture of kerosene spray and air, sufficiently rich in hydrocar- bon to ignite readily, is blown into the combustion-chamber, to meet the stream forced through the Venturi tubes.. The auxiliary mixture is ignited near its source by an electric spark and ignites the mixture rich in oxygen as it is blown into the combustion-chamber. May Transform India tion for ‘transportation inland.’ Modern : methods of packing have been in- N troduced, so that even a box of eggs can be taken across long stretches of rough country and not be cracked. Big motor- trucks of special design take on great loads of food and commodities of all kinds and head immediately for the interior. A shipment of well pac’ed Ford motor-cars arriving at their destination at Madras, India Popular Science Monthly ~ rr ay eee ee some

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a) ke oke t a and oes 1 ag \m- tor nto ind By 1X- er, ‘he . ric wn T= , Agi 1919 Now Comes the ‘from the electric- DAPTED and commercialized ally warmed suit of army aviators is a new. electrically heated shoe for those automobilists who use their cars throughout the cold- est part of the winter season. As may be seen in the accompanying illustrations, the de- vice is very simple. It consists of noth- ing more than a felt insole, provided with embedded re- sistance wires, which is slipped into the shoe. The ends of the Roadside Service Stations NYBODY who has ever changed a tire on the road on a hot day, with the sun beating down on his back, will appreciate the roadside service station, an institution _.recently inaugurated by an oil company of Southern California. At various points along all public highways the company has erected tire stations like the one shown below. They are simple, inexpensive struc- tures, but they offer shelter to the motorist with tire trouble, as well as the free services of the station attend- ant, air under pressure, and water if it is needed. These stations are located near the oil company’s fuel stations, and naturally the motorist who avails himself of TERMINALS The electric wires in the soles may TERMINALS RESISTANCE WIRES be connected up to the storage-battery Priming a Motor through the Intake Manifold RIMING-CUPS on motors disappeared with the adoption of the self-starter, and are now rarely seen on new motors. - But the poor quality of gasoline makes many an automobilist wish that his car was equipped with those same discarded priming-cups. Instead of drilling and tapping four new holes in the cylinders, one car-owner drilled and tapped a \4-in. pipe tap-hole in the intake manifold, and screwed in an oil-hole cover, as shown in the illustra- tion. Thus the four cylinders can be primed through the one opening by spraying gasoline into it with an oil-can. OlL CUP WITH P daniee INLET TR. INTAKE MANIFOLD the use of the shelter-houses will patronize the company stations. That’s how the company “gets out’”’ financially. This serves a double purpose; for, by opening it a trifle when the mixture is too rich, it serves as an air-valve. A \%-inch pipe tap- hole was drilled in the intake mainfold, and an oil-hole cover screwed in Electrically Heated Shoe for Automobilists wires are attached to plugs sunk in the heels and led upward to the upper part of the shoe at the extreme rear, where two terminals are provided. Any convenient arrangement of cords from the cur- rent source, which is generally a storage- battery, may be used for transferring the electricity to the ’ two terminals. The connection between the two is made by a small piece of metal with two holes, which are slipped over the two terminals. A Bungalow on a Tractor N automobile tractor which uses motor-truck tires on the front, and a caterpillar tractor as motor power, was recently employed in hauling a bungalow several miles on ordinary oak runners. The weight of the house was so great that within the first two miles two inches of the runners were worn down. But that did not prevent the movement of the house to its new position. _ This type of automobile truck is used for heavy haulage, and not only can it carry a load of five tons onits own body, but the 100-horse- power tractor engine that furnishes the power enables it to pull from fifty to sixty tons more on four-wheeled trailers: This is the first tractor we have heard of going into the house-moving business. An oil company has built service stations for motorists near all their fuel stations The newest use to which the tractor has been put is that of house-moving OR BOI IP AN LE NES 0 ore arranged

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Popular Science Monthly Has She Got Your Job? — When the cake is done she takes it out of the vat, truly a housewife’s job—only, this cake is made of muriate of ammonia ° eb § bd Hoisting barrels of oil into rail-, = way wagons has not injured this girl’s vanity in the least Not nearly so vain is this barefoot - paddler. With her sleeves and trous- ers rolled up, she wanders lonely through long canals of starch in an English glucose factory and scoops it up with a wooden paddle It is evidently the style in English glucose factories to roll the trousers up to the knees; for this young woman does it too, even though she is only screw- ing up the filter-press fj Perhaps there was no lark so blithe as the miller who lived on the Dee, but he has many rivals among these jolly mill girls who are waiting their turn to dump their sacks ary aoe BIG But no wonder these mill girls are happy — they punctuate their work by sliding down the sack chute after their sacks. We have seen other folk paying out good money to shoot the chutes British official photographs; © Press Illustrating Service

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Games Blind Men Play Helping them to see with the ends of their fingers Phctographs ©) Publishers’ Photo Service Raised numbers on dominoes notched so as to fit together have added the game to the list of amusements for the blind By turning T’s and L’s and their respective triangular and square backs in different positions to represent different numbers, . . h . After dominoes, checkers are easy. problems in mathematics are easily solved Cheemett have pen Saat Se White checkers are: round and — Breage Ghee gi Hah pron ag ge a Fe sy ng rg gin ‘ tops; the black tops are rounded a “vb A 4 a « 3 a ; . Best of all, blind men can now play cards. ‘At first glance, character—the outside one for suit, the inside one for their deck looks just like ours, but letters from their alphabet. character.. Three dots above and one below, on the inside, are embossed in the corners of the cards to represent suit and mean’ Jack. Three.of these mean a good hand in poker 29

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PIPE-ENCLOSED | HEATING COIL Suppose that rai Electric Heaters NE of ‘the most difficult winter problems of the railroads—and there are, of course, many prob- lems of the kind—is to keep the switches free from snow. A switch that is snowed in or frozen cannot be moved and is_ useless. Switches that are set by hand may be cleaned and swept by the switchman or brakeman and thus made operative, but the cleaning takes time and the movement of the trains is necessarily delayed. Switches operated from switch- _ $tands can also be taken care of, but the work always causes _ delay, especially when there is a ecarcity of men to do the work. The greatest difficulty ,is en- .countered in keeping operative switches that are set automati- cally or by interlocking devices. Where there are a great many switches, as for instance in big freight-yards or at railroad ter- ‘minals, a blizzard necessitates the employment of a small army of men who employ various methods of clearing and thawing the switches. In some cases, gas- oline or some other inflammable fluid is poured in and around the switches and ignited to.melt the snow and thaw out the mecha- nism of the switches. Some- times brooms and brushes are used after the bulk of the snow has been removed by shoveling. Recently some of the big Eastern railroads have tried out an electric snow-melting device that has proved to be very effective. The heater units are inclosed in 314-inch wrought-iron pipes 20 inches long, and a battery of them is placed between the ties, just under the rail. .~ oo ' They are connected by wires with an electric circuit sufficiently strong to heat the resistance coils to 100° C. in the first half hour, and to about 135° above the outside temperature within ~anhour. This heat is not high enougk to set fire to the woodwork, yet suffi- ‘cient. to take the frost out of the ground and to melt the snow as it falls. To prevent loss of heat by radiation, the heating units are enclosed in wooden housings, placed against the rails. lway switches were to freeze—what would hap- pen to trains? Now you see why this switch-heater was invented How Railroads Fight Blizzards with trouble. THUMD VALVE QICTION: © GNITER x A ” Cpa No profanity-provoking trouble with matches, and no burned fingers, when you use one of these ingenious lighters your oven, the rushing gas ignites with startling sud- denness and burns your fingers. Every housekeeper and every cook has felt at times that they would give a king’s ransom for a really reliable gas-lighter. There are quite a number of gas-lighters on the market, all of them con- venient and satisfactory—provided they are at hand when and where needed and do not balk. Here is a new type. It consists of a small-bore gas-pipe with a pressure-valve in the handle part. One end of the pipe is connected by a flexible tube with the mani- fold of the gas-range. At the op- posite end of the pipe is a gas- chamber, considerably larger in diameter than the pipe. Mov- able in a slot in the wall of the gas-chamber is a friction slide, which may be pushed into the gas- chamber against the pressure of a spring. When this slide is pushed in by pressing the outer end against some part of the range, the file- like surface of the slide rubs against a rod of some sparking alloy pressed against it by a spring, causing it to emit sparks, which ignite the gas released into the chamber by the simultaneous opening of the valve. When Twelve o’Clock Means Midnight F you are told that a train will arrive at a certain station at 12 o’clock, you do not know whether the train is due to arrive at noon or at eat ‘ op, s, ; a {Ole > l - *10 25 “4 ei 22 acbe- O* Sada € Ib O° 320 wt, 16 ~ * F If we used a 24-hour clock we should never confuse noon with midnight 30 midnight. The adoption of the 24- hour clock would prevent any such misunderstanding. Some time before the war ended, the Swiss government planned to establish a 24-hour clock at the conclusion of the war. In southern Europe it is widely used. In astronomy, too, the 24-hour day is used almost exclusively, not only in sidereal time, which depends upon the positions of the stars, but in. Green- wich mean time, which is reckoned in the hours following Greenwich, mean noon. Longitudes are frequently reckoned in hours, but generally as east or west from Greenwich. While at first it might seem exceed- ingly odd to us to adopt a 24-hour system, it would undoubtedly give much satisfaction, especially to users of railroad time-tables. Popular Science Monthly aq A Gentle Tap and Your Gas-Lightery Is Ready for Use a. strike a match and with its flame ignite the gag seems simple enough, but have you ever tried jt? Sometimes everything goes smoothly: the matches are in the place provided for them, the particular match which you select behaves as a good match should—that is, it does not break, ignites at the first attempt, and does not lose its head. But, asa rule, something goes wrong. Even after the match has been safely ignited, there may be The gas pressure may be low and the flame of the match may go out before the gas catches fire, or perhaps the pressure is high, and when you try to light

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ng’s able nber con- they and B with art. cted lani- : Op- gas- r in fov- the lide, of a shed rinst file- 1inst ssed emit into ning 24- such fore nent lock In day y in the een- d in lean ntly r as eed- 10ur give sers April, 1919 Cold ? geven-room house in Chicago, failing to receive any remittance from his agent for several months, finally protested gently; whereat the agent, after making a visit to the premises, replied that there was no longer 3 house to rent! - Shortage of fuel, combined with severe winter weather, had combined to make irresistible the temptation to use the unoccupied building for fuel. Such volunteer wrecking is always going on in large cities, as every build- ing department knows; but the damage from carrying away buildings piecemeal to use as fuel was increased fivefold by the hard conditions of the winter of 1918. Same Old Human Nature Human nature being the same the A MICHIGAN man who owned a world over, the “‘technique’”’ of volun-: teer wreckers varies very little. The first-attack is almost invariably made on the inside, in some room in the rear. The reasons for this are obvious. If no complaint or warning follows, the wrecker proceeds with ever- Burn Your Neighbor’s House! There were hundreds of cases of this form of vandalism in coal-less Chicago By Fred Telford Though, as a rule, houses torn down for fuel are rather poor structures, this is not always the case. Buildings in first-class condition, if unoccupied and unguarded, may be destroyed. Even brick buildings are sometimes se- verely damaged by tearing out the doors, the window-frames, and the inside woodwork. Why Authorities Are Not Advised Any one of a number of conditions may account for lack of complaints to the authorities. The neighbors are not likely to say anything, be- cause, in most cases, it is their own coal-bins that are empty. The police- man on. the beat often does not dis- cover what is happening until great damage has been done. When the owner is notified, he may take no interest, either because he is hun- dreds of miles away, because the building is a ranishackle one that will not pay for its own wrecking, or be- cause it has been so damaged as to be worthless. The building department takes notice as soon as the wrecked building reaches a stage that makes it a fire-trap. or dangerous to life and limb. In a surprising number of cases, the owner displays so little interest -that the department, after vainly noti- -fying him several times to have the building wrecked, orders the work done by a contractor and sends the bill to the owner. The Huge Money Loss The amount of damage done in such a city as Chicago or New York runs into hundreds of thousands increasing rapidity, usually knocking out partitions and stairways before much out- side damage is done. Then the window-frames are taken, and the doors, the siding, and even the foun- dations. As many photo- graphs show, the wrecking is done from the ground upward; often the upper stories are in fairly good condition when the first story has been almost com- pletely stripped. of dollars. Last winter 287 buildings in Chicago were in such condition that the authorities ordered them torn down; many were so topheavy that they swayed _ in the wind, or fell against neighboring structures. Some were so dangerous that the fire department was called in to complete the destruction on the spot. Yet, in some miraculous manner, nobody was killed or even seriously hurt. If you don’t watch that house you own; some friendly neigh- bors may use it for fire- wood. This is what happened in hundreds of cases in 1918, when - in Chicago alone 287 buildings were wrecked And when these neigh- bors start picking, they usually work from the bottom up. The re- sulting wreck is top- heavy and_ therefore exceeding'y dangerous 31

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Popular Science Monthly a enough to buy an auto- mobile truck when they came into. vogue, was forced to remain true to his old-fashioned. horse and wagon. Being. old- fashioned has its difficulties, as this “man found out. People were apt to disregard his “‘get out of the way,” being accustomed to step lively only to the tune of an automobile horn. One day he realized that one does not have to own an automobile in order to own the no longer fears running someone down. ; OW can shoes be shined and clothes pressed, at hotels, with- buff marble, at a cost of $90,000. The de- a door. In carrying out the idea, ters and falls. that of an eagle with outstretched wings. and hollow, sothatit resembles a box. realize that the Keeping Up with Where the Gas-Meter _ the Times Never Clicks NEW YORK truck- HEN folks go boat- ster, not being wealthy ing at night on the pond at Decorah, Iowa, they light up the gas at the end of the landing, and no one cares if it burns all night; for there’s no meter to keep tabs on the burning gas. You’d like to have a gas-light like that? So should we; but one must own a pond to get this kind of light. It’s not so mysterious as it sounds. Layers of decayed vegetation at the bot- tom of the pond give out marsh-gas, known kind of horn used thereon. So he bought . A ‘as methane. All that is necessary is a one and attached it to his truck. Now peo- This Door within a Door barrel pushed, open end down, into the ple jump to the sound of his toot, and he Solves the Valet Problem mud. The gas rises to the top of the barrel, a pipe with a valve controlling the flow. ‘ out disturbing visits from bell-boys? ee An Open-Air Post-Office i ices Eh x ceil ‘leek betit Cease Admiring the Busy Ant T. PETERSBURG, Florida, boasts the into the door, so that it can be en- ° OW that the war is over, here is some- only out-of-doors post-office in the United tered from the outside. thing new to worry about. Chinese States. It was erected as an experiment by You simply place shoes and clothes white ants have arrived at Los Angeles, the Treasury Department for a model to be in the miniature double - doored city of moving pictures and concrete houses. used for post-office buildings in other semi- closet, or “servidor.” The articles The concrete interests them not at all, but tropical cities, should this one prove satis- are extracted noiselessly from outside the wooden reinforcements within’ do. factory. by an attendant. They crawl into the very vitals of a house The building was constructed of white and The device is simply a door within and start gnawing. In time the house tot- sign in the medallions over the arches is the door is made thicker than usual. The lady in the picture doesn’t seem to matter is serious.

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the wa, s at and . all r to gas, ight but this ids. 0t- wn ee the rel, ne- ese les, eg. out do. use ot- ww *, no unusual antiquity, but long April, 1919 HE Mississippi and the Missouri rivers overflow their banks quite regularly; and each time they do, the receding waters carry off some of the mud and sand from the shores. In order to save the river-banks from this constant erosion, brush mat- tresses are sunk along the shores. Providing Mattresses for the Mississippi Long willow twigs are closely woven and bound together with wire and cable. The finished mattresses are then released, and they slide into the river. They are towed to selected places and sunk by means . of concrete and huge granite rocks, throw on them from barges. Did Judas Hang Himself on This Tree? N the Bethlehem road, half a mile from the city of Jerusalem, is asolitary tree of apparently used. by guides in the vicinity of the Holy City to tax the credulity of their patrons. Visitors are told that this is the tree on which Judas hanged himself. In favor of identity, the tree has protuberances and holes that facili- tate climbing, as well as horizontally projecting limbs favorable for “hemp” attachment. Breastplates for Millionaires and others f would do well to get one J. i] of these breastplates. f |; When not in active ser- / _ vice, it is collapsed and worn as an iron belt. All the layers are slotted at the ends and they are held together by bolts. Those celebrities who go about in their shirt- sleeves will find the ad- justment simple. the Mighty NE of the results of greatness is danger. 4 44 Pe «y i LE / ondine Match-Scratching Made Easy O longer need you kick up your heels in order to light a match; for William Cohen, of Oregon, has invented a match-scratcher which has . on its back a pin by means of a which you may attach the scratcher ‘ to other, more convenient parts of your body. Some prefer it inside their coats, others outside. Thesailor in the picture hangs his from his trouser-top. It is made like a_ cigarette-case, opens easily, and springs shut when released. A small piece of sandpaper is hidden within and on this you scratch your matches. When all the sand is scratched from the paper you may substitute a new piece: If you are careful not to catch fire accidentally, the scratcher should last a long time. A Filipino Water-Carrier ‘Tas youthful water-carrier is a Filipino. . His: water-tanks are made of bamboo, and he hangs them on each side of his horse when he starts his day’s work. His method of getting ready for an arduous day is unique. He simply fastens all the tanks in place with a rope, and makes a bridle for his horse out of the left-over ends. Then he sallies forth into a world of mud and insects. The Philippines have a long way to travel before { they catch up to their mother country. \

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Popular Science Monthly i This Plow Is Equipped to Dodge Trouble eg aw tay HE plow that will not break when D3 SS a ay a it strikes an impassable object Ene’. ‘ ee ee "is no longer a dream, but a reality, War , oe The ‘safety plow,” an _ invention recently patented by Alexander Car. . penter, of Carey, Ohio, can accomplish 3 e ‘ere. 5 es the feat unerringly. Pie. h re « hn ee A wooden pin that breaks when - y+ a f | it hits an obstruction, allowing the plow to swing clear, is the main . idea involved. The breaking stress of the pin is accurately determined, and of course is made less than that of the plow. A new pin is easily inserted immediately after each breakage. The invention is intended to be applied to the power-driven type of plow; but the same idea can be carried out on an ordinary horse-plow. I we GR ee Tu a The instructor came in the school on wheels, but the pupils supplied the cow Taking a School to Its Pupils GLANCE at the photograph shown above might lead you to think that these prosperous-looking colored folk had never seen a cow being milked before. But you’d be wrong. Their intense interest is due to the fact that the traveling school of the Alabama Polytechnic Institute has just motored up, and the professor—he in the white coat—is showing the very latest wrinkles in milking. The pupils furnish the cow. The school on wheels. has the backing of the Department of Agriculture. It teaches not only dairying, but the care of orchards, scientific bread-making with barley flour, the substitution of peanuts and sweet potatoes for wheat, and the making of starch from green corn. The chemistry of soap is also explained. Besides the useful household arts enumerated, the curriculum of this remarkable school includes, as well, the terracing of land, treatment of seeds, concrete- making, cotton-growing (including boll-weevil swatting), the management of live stock, and so on, not omit- ting furniture-making for the home, cooking, and the proper care and feeding of children. When the plow strikes an obstruction, a wooden pin breaks and the plow swings up without suffering any damage An Implement for Covering a Wheat-Field with Straw HE time-honored covering of snow = unloading is done broadcast from a high point in a high wind. What is known = . as a “beater wheel” is used to that keeps the wheat-field warm Y gearensy SPPPTT throw the straw downward to jageae {00008 in winter now has a rival in the form of straw. Heretofore the expense of spreading the straw the ground, thus avoiding the has been considerable, even if wages coeeet wind effect. The distribution not prohibitive, but the manufacturers of farm ma- chinery think that they have solved the problem by pro- ducing the spreader shown © below. Some of the problems that had to be overcome ean be appreciated by even the unsophisticated city- dweller. The wind has a tendency to carry the straw to a neighboring farm, unless —Z mous, . 4008 A is quite even, and is under the control of the driver. In fact, the one-man fea- ture of the machine is one of its recommendations, both in loading and un- loading. The driver simply places a ton of straw in the body of the machine and then takes a ride across the field. When he returns, the ma- chine is ready for another load. The whole process special safeguards are taken: Especially is this true if the can be made almost en- This straw-spreader places a warm covering over the R a tirely automatic. sprouting wheat to protect it from the winter’s blasts 34 ~~; PS ot @

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vhen ject lity, ition Car. lish "hen the nain ned, chan asily 2ach » be e of ried ‘igh wn to to the ion der ver. one ns, un- ices ody hen ald. na- her Ss en- April, 1919 To Prevent the Paint-Brush from Curling When Not in Use OU have probably noticed that when a paint-brush is allowed to stand for any length of time, the bristles assume a permanent curl which renders the brush un- satisfactory, and in many cases actually useless, long before the brush has been worn out. To prevent this curling, the weight of the brush must be removed from the bristles; and this can be accomplished by a suitable support like that illustrated below. When the brush is not in use, it should be placed ina bath of oil or water, with the weight of the brush supported by the extension. Not only does this prevent curling, but the bristles clean themselves and caking at the base is prevented. If the support is sufficiently wide, moving it up and down will scrape the bristies and remove the paint. The support is preferably of brass, aluminum, or some other non- corrosive material. Quantities of paint- brushes may be saved each year by this at- tachment which sup- ports the bristles when the paint-brush is not being used New Floors for Old - O matter how splintered and battered an old floor may be, it can be made the foundation for a cement floor. There are certain forms of cement that are very well suited to the purpose. Some of these cements are light and easily spread, filling the cracks thoroughly and forming a good, sanitary flooring. The wearing qualities of such materials are excellent, and at the same time there is sufficient resiliency to make a good walking surface. This resiliency is a desirable quality from the point of view of the tenderfoot. Even the baby appreciates it, as can be determined by the tone of his conversation, and the baby is an expert critic on floor- ing and almost anything else we can think of. These floors are spread with a trowel, and smoothed into a condition that ae: appeals to the most fastidious taste. Moreover, they will gtand any rough usage to which they may be subjected. Cement floors sustain heavy loads without cracking, and do not show marks or scratches from ordinary haulage — advan- tages that will appeal to every housekeeper. Floors of this description have been used to advantage also in some of the large modern stables. It is easy to see that resiliency is im- portant in a stable floor. ——————— An old splintered and battered floor is made the foundation for a new floor spread on with a trowel 35 © Press Illustrating Press Rapidly the button blanks fly out of the machine, the process resembling a machine-gun feed in action Shooting a Hundred Buttons a Minute from a Machine HE machine in the illustration is stamping out a hun- dred buttons a minute ftom brass sheets run beneath the dies. After passing through this machine, the button blanks go to a press for making the ornate designs demanded by the trade. Rapid changes in shape and size necessitate the use of various kinds of dies and stamping tools. Even a very slight change in the shape of the button makes necessary a corresponding change in the die. The underlying principle is very similar to that of the big coining-machines in the United States mints, and anyone who has watched the coining of money will appreciate the intricacies of this button machinery. Usually the button blanks are made in two parts, and are clinched together after the insignia or markings have been completed. Everything must be done very exactly in a machine-shop, if satisfactory results are to be obtained. It would be a difficult matter, if not an impossibility, to mark the buttons after the two parts had been paired and clinched, unless the carving is done by hand, and the hand- made commodity is costly and cannot compete with the machine variety. How to change a hand process into a mechanical one is the thing that all manufacturers strive after. Curi- ously, this does not throw labor- ers out of work, for they are needed in increased numbers to run the machines and at- tend to the expanding busi- ness. The stamping - ma- chine has expanded the button business far beyond the expectations of the manufacturers. When the buttons are stamped and the two parts joined, they are colored by means of an air-brush. ee

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The tea-leaves are then carried to an up-to-date factory, where they are cured in the firing-room. P They are heated to a j very high temperature for about twenty min- utes, after which they emerge firm and crisp -: Truly Oriental maids pack the tea in dainty paper bags sealed by labels that carry the name of each special brand in Japanese characters After July 1—Tea? Get acquainted with its habits and habitat Photographs @ Newman Traveltalk and Brown & Dawson Tea grows on hillsides—preferably in Japan—and pickers gather the buds and leaves from the bushes All through the firing process the leaves are at- tached to the stems; but stems — do not brew well, and so they are remov- ed by the women workers before the tea is packed After the tea is cured it is cleaned and then sifted to separate the various grades. Then : these grades are given 2 ‘ names. Four grades of tea from one bush may have four en- m ~* tirely different names Popular Science Monthly a All this work is done by the Japanese for an American firm, which, curiously, sells the tea to Japanese merchants for distribution in Japan

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Se, Po ema The Maryland is to be our mightiest battleship. She embodies all the lessons taught by the war. were used in the Jutland fight. Maryland has five hulls filled with oil to protect her Torpedoes What about them? The against them. Heavy, long-range guns won the fight in © International Film Service the North Sea: so the Maryland has a main battery com- posed of sixteen-inch guns. Her boilers will be fired by oil, and she will be electrically driven—for oil-firing and the electrical drive are the latest development in propelling machinery. Her length is 624 feet, her tonnage 40,000

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Popular Science Monthly 7 Don’t Waste That Old Sidewalk ene can be done with anold cement walk? The old way was to tear it up and dump it somewhere—a total loss. What's the new way? Crush it and use it, Now you see what the portable crusher in the picture is doing, The contractor is rebuilding the sidewalk with the crushed refuse that flows from the chute of the machine. A six-horsepower engine supplies the energy required. Ag the machine is fourteen feet long, there remains considerable space between the engine and crusher, which spaceis used for storing tools. ———— — S ce SP RRO AE Re SC By running on railroad trucks, this plant turns out from 1,500 to 2,800 yards of mixed asphalt every day An Asphalt Plant that Runs on a Flat-Car HE illustration gives an idea of a Michigan asphalt plant that has been successfully turning out from 1,500 to 2,800 yards of mixed asphalt a day. The amount of production varies according to the distance of the plant from the scene of work. : There are three large tanks for mixing the asphalt, which is heated to a temperature of 300° F. The buckets at the front end of the machine are used to convey the sand to a drum, where it is heated to the same temperature as the asphalt. Another belt conveyor then takes the sand to the tanks. Power from a 70- horsepower engine is used for the purpose. The plant runs on regular railroad trucks. The total length is sixty-five feet. In transporting large tanks such as these, there is a very evident advantage in using the railroad construction type and in deliver- -ing by rail. The same idea would seem to be capable of great expansion. There are many unwieldy structures that might be so made and transported. ~* What’s the good of an old cement sidewalk ? This machine crushes it so it can be used again The Motorcycle Becomes a Mule E has gone to work at last, this motorcycle joy-rider. the main floor of the cannery, where more than fourteen Formerly he was thought to be wasting his time; but hundred people are employed. This method of local an injustice was done him, transportation has been for he was practising for his new job. A Hawaiian pineapple company was the first to offer a job to this racing fiend. The company was short of help, and needed men to haul preserved pineapples from the cool- ing-room to the warehouse. Various schemes were tried or thought out to their logical conclusions; but the motorcycle fiend won out, and is now doing the work in a first-class manner. A train of four trucks, having a combined weight of four and a half tons, is coupled to the motor- cycle and hauled along This motorcycle does the work of twenty-four men at less than one tenth the cost and at twice the speed 38 used continuously during long periods, without ac- cident, and at a cost of two and a half cents a ton. The distance traveled is about a fifth of a mile. ‘There are three machines in use, hauling from ten to eighteen, thousandcases of pineapples a day. The gearing of the mo- torcycle had to be modi- fied somewhat, owing to the speed. A ratio of twenty-six to one was set- tled upon for low gear, sixteen to one for the in- termediate, and ten and a half to one for high gear. The machines do the work of twenty-four men.

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an old d way mp it Vhat’s use it, rtable doing, g the refuse of the — -ngine long, space usher, tools,

‘teen local been ring ac- t of ton. nile. ines n to s of mo- odi- to of set- ear, in- da par. ork

April, 1919 An example of perfect stuffing, with the snake placed in a natural pose E careful if it is a rattler, even after it is dead. A scratch from the fangs may prove fatal. The best material for stuffing is raw cotton wrapped about a wire. When this is inserted and sewed inside of the skin, it not only makes excellent stuffing material, but is useful in ‘. posing the snake, the wire affording the necessary flexibility. To prepare a snake for stuffing, first cut it with a sharp knife from a point near the tail to a point about eight inches from the head. Then proceed with the skinning, taking out the tail portion first. Pull the skin over the head as far as possible, and cut through the body at the last joint, next to the skull. Clean the head of all meat, in- cluding the eyes and the brain. <A small spoon or chisel whittled from wood will be found useful in removing the brain. When the skin is off, scrape it care- fully and remove any fat that has a The Right Way to Stuff a Snake The result is often a thing of beauty By Gustave Jermy

rice Be 3 . vite cme ‘i as ween. ag pe eee (Above) Cutting open a snake prepar- atory to the stuffing process: a razor- sharp knife should be used for this (Below) Sewing it up after stuffing tightly with cotton wrapped around wire

tendency to adhere to it. Now anoint the skin with a solution of saltpeter and alum. Measure the snake’s length, and cut a wire sufficiently long to go well into the skull, choosing the wire to accord somewhat with the size of the snake. The cotton covering for the wire should give it about the same

Another example of good work. This rattler in his lifetime measured more than seven feet proportions as the original body, and should be bound on with thin cord. The brain should be carefully re- placed with a quantity of cotton, - some of which should be inserted in the eye-holes. Saturate the skin with arsenic soap to poison it, and it is then ready to receive the cotton-covered wire. Insert the projecting end of the wire well up into the skull, pull the skin close about the neck, and begin sewing. Should the body not be thick enough, pack in more cotton as you~ proceed with the sewing. Having finished the sewing, put in glass eyes, being careful to give them their natural position. Finally, pose the snake naturally, and the job is finished. Think of a Lake that Is Always Frozen! And that in torrid Africa T is a wonderful lake far off in the heart of Africa, where (kitchen soda). Moreover, this sodium carbonate is crys- the sun blazes sublimely and causes the water to evaporate so quickly that an outlet is considered by na- ture to be a superfluity tallized into a solid mass—or in other words, is frozen. Different substances solidify or freeze at different tempera- tures. Think of a lake

—a lake like our Great Salt Lake, where the inflowing waters have unloaded common salt for so long a period that sixteen miles long and four miles wide, frozen under the torrid glare of the African sun. Wonderful, isn’t it—and

the saturation-point has been passed. But there is a dif- ference in the material deposited. The _ soil through which the Af- rican streams flow is different from ours, and hence, instead of finding common salt or sodium chloride in the Magadi Lake, a chemical test shows us the presence of sodium carbonate

These people are walking on the surface of an African lake where the “ice” is composed of solidly crystallized carbonate of soda 39

yet, absolutely true. It isa wild, uncivilized country in which this lake is located. Here and there may be seen the three-toed footprints of astray rhinoceros that has labored through the alkaline soil. The coun- try is being improved, however. The lake is in British East Africa, 252 miles west of Mombassa.

ee

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Rages 2 Fp Fo SE PS ‘ mont perfects his invention, and Some of the more dramatic situa- tions are illumi- nated by side- lights worked by assistants placed in the wings HOSE who have seen “The Unknown Purple’ at the Lyric Theater, New York City, or who have read reviews of it, must be curious to know how its weird effects are produced. This scientific - theatrical novelty by Roland West and Carlyle Moore, adapted from Mr.- West’s story, is based on the supposed discovery of a dye of such potency that the rays from it can make its possessor invisible. The strange properties of the X-ray, and the mystery as to the nature of electricity itself, which even the genius of Edison has not penetrated fully, give plausibility to the unusual plot. Peter Marchmont, the ec- centric inventor of the pigment, is guilelessly carrying on exper- iments in his own house when, through the machinations of James Dawson, a double-dyed villain, he is sent to the peniten- tiary on a false charge, and his wife and his goods fall into the hands of the author of his ruin. While in prison, March- on his discharge ten years later he starts to work out his revenge. Prison life, as well as the baneful effects of the purple light itself, have so aged him and changed his appearance that he has a perfect disguise, even when not using his modern cloak of invisibility. Under: the name of Cromport, a stranger and a philan- thropist, he gains the confidence of his intended victims in the open, while by stealth he comes and goes with flashes and rappings and in tinges of purple haze, and robs them of all Popular Science Monthly Mystery of “The Unknown Purple” ~ It is a matter of weird effects produced by a wizard of light behind the scenes By John Walker Harrington they have. Under the purple pall of his own making, he strips a pearl necklace from his former wife’s neck, opens a_ safe and filches_ securi- ties, and makes himself generally unpleasant. After gaining the custody of his little In the box at the edge of the stage sits the wizard of the switches. In our picture the side of. the box is. broken away so that you may see him at work at the climax of the play. By means of the lights under his - control, he - causes the visage of the man at the cur- tain to emerge from darkness and finally to float away in ghostly view. This effect is obtained by means of the small car at the right in the picture gabove, on which the actor steps and is conveyed slowly falong a track while a skillfully modulated light pro- vides the transfiguring’ glow son, the returned convict lingers about the house, rebuking and upbraiding Mr. and Mrs. Dawson. They get glimpses of his head, although there is no sign of the body in the chair in which he would appear to be sitting. He fimally makes a dramatic disap- The den of the genius of light as seen from the stage. It is necessary that the changes of light be timed exactly with the 40 lines, so the electrician has had to memorize nearly two hun- dred word cues. He watches the action through a narrow slit

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" AN OOO —— ee out ling get here rin ing. sap- April, 1919 nce in a violet ray. The inge- nious conception of the authors, and the convincing acting of Mr. Richard Bennett and his associates, are greatly aidéd by the mechanical devices that geeond their endeavors. Probably no American play was ever staged that depended more upon the skill of the electrician. We might therefore desig- nate the wizard of the switches of ‘‘The Unknown Purple,” Mr. Paul G. Zeid- ler, as its electrical conductor. He is stationed in a booth in the orchestra-pit, watching the action from a-long slit like that of a huge prompt- er’s box. Before him, in closely com- pacted banks, are twenty-six switches ‘and twenty-seven rheostats or dim- ‘mers, and these control the current that courses through six thousand feet of cable with which the stage is enmeshed. The changes of light fol- ‘low nearly two hundred actual word cues. To go into all the details behind the scenes would be to dull the zest of those who have not seen the play, yet the devices that are used in the finale are in themselves a story. The actor makes his farewell to earth on a minia- ture electric railway. The actor stands on a car eighteen inches in height which traverses a track that runs from the gauzelike curtain at the center of the back stage to the exit at the upper left. The play of lights about his head, in which he seems to dissolve from FOUR ie LAMPS mm LAMPS ERHEAD Two 1coo-w @ Two sch srs to 1000-w LAM?S = =| = a FOOT-LIGHTS AND AEFLECTORS_ -———— “Sees = = ———— ELECTRICIANS BOOTH The proper placing of the lights and the wiring of the unusual number em- ployed is a big task in itself, as is sug- gested by this plan view of one “set” view, comes from twelve powerful electric lamps under the control of the electrician and covered with pur- ple gelatine. Above the star’s head is a framework supporting four 1000-watt lamps. A pair of lamps of the same power rest on the floor at each side of him, while two 500-watt lamps are directly in front of him, and one is in the wings at each side of the arch. The full power of the em- purpled lights is upon the figure of the actor as he is confronted by the detective. The master of the circuits, working with great rapidity, causes the figure apparently The sudden appearance of the apparition in the arm-chair is obtained by using transparent material for the chair-back and by skillful manipulation of lights 41 to fade into’ nothingness as he gradu- ally shuts off the currents with his dim- mers. No one who has not stood alongside of Zeidler can comprehend the marvel of this technique. As the chief actor seems to disappear and to speak from its center, the spot-light, the Purple Ray moves toward the left. The quick pressure on a switch by the electrician has started the Oblivion Express, and the whir of its motor, like the shriek of a banshee, can be plainly heard. The time of the passage has been so painstakingly adjusted that the ac- tion cannot be intrusted to the mere walking of any man. Many have wondered, no doubt, why the voice of the player sounds so strong. He is being carried on his car just back of the walls of the room, which are com- posed of stretched gauze through which his speech is easily carried. He might just as well be on the stage itself, as far as the acoustics is concerned. The Purple Ray spot is making its exit under the control of an assistant in the wings, with whom the chief elec- trician is in touch with the telephone attached to his head. In fact, if there is a hitch anywhere, the electric master of the show would know all about it through this instrument. At a certain point, a bar attached to the small car trips a lever, which over- turns a chair on the stage at a tense dramatic moment, just as the wind catches the draperies and a phantom armisseen. The Purple Ray has thus achieved the greatest happiness he has ever known, taunting his baffied pur- suers the while as they stand amazed and ashamed with revolvers in their nerveless fingers. Here every device of electrical and stage craft has been marshaled to give an effect which thrills even the most hardened of theater-goers. One who has been behind the scenes during the progress of the last act may well. understand the statement that eight months of hard work was required before this strange combi- nation of theatric -illusion and staid science was considered letter- perfect. The technique has now been so simplified, however, that the neces- sary properties can be transported everywhere and set up on any well equipped stage. So great is the strain on the unseen operator in front of the stage at the big switchboard that it sud- denly occurred to the management the other day, ‘‘What would hap- pen if he did not appear some night ?”’ So it was decided to provide an under-study for him: for surely there would be something wrong with the performance if at the crisis the magician of the changing lights should himself get too great a dose of “‘The Unknown Purple.” |

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5: Sy Ree SESS Ss - A New Apparatus for NE of the cleverest of the ‘many aids now offered the modern automobile repairman is an apparatus designed to. find out automatically the troubles of magnetos that do not operate properly. Here- tofore this kind of work has been done by more or less’ home-made and imperfect ap- paratus. Few ‘mechanics knew the best way to test for particular symptoms, and those that did took too much time because of the absence on the market of any appar- atus made especially for the work. - The equipment shown in the two accompanying views was designed to overcome these troubles and make magneto repairing easy for j the ordinary garage mechanic. The device is fitted with the various attachments illustrated, and will tell immediately whether the condenser is out of condition, whether the col- lector is defective, or whether the armature is dead. This instrument can be connected and discorfnected at will upon any six-volt storage-battery circuit. It comes packed conveniently in a small mahogany case approximately fifteen inches long, eleven: inches wide, and five inches deep. It Makes Hill-Climbing Safe ANYONE who has narrowly escaped a serious accident, and perhaps death, by having his automobile engine stop or go dead on a steep grade, and start to slide backward before the brakes could be applied, will ap- preciate the invention of Thomas Mill- down shown below. The device is designed automatically to lock the rear wheels of an automo- bile as soon as the engine stops, no matter whether the brakes are in proper condition or not. It consists of a two-jawed clutch fitted into the main driving shaft of an auto- mobile aft of the gear-set. The front jawiskeyed to the shaft, re- volving with it. The rear jaw js loose on the rear end of the driv- ing shaft, but is held from re- volving about the shaft axis by It locks the rear wheels of an auto- mobile when the engine stops does most of his thinking for him and indicates wherein A valuable new aid for the automobile repairman auto- matically discovers magneto troubles. It is contaified in an attractive mahogany case ADJUSTABLE SPARK GAP POINTS COLLECTOR RING-SPARK POST asusco on smcur COuECIOR Ain Complete instructions SECONDARY OR accompany each outfit, siGH TENSION wRE SUBSTITUTE CONDENSER CONNECTIONS the trouble lies. For example, the first thing to determine on a magneto is whether the ing of the interrupter are in good condition. If these are in good shape, the entire armature should be removed and placed upon the arma- ture plate. Following directions, cer- tain connections are then made, after which it takes only a few seconds to de- termine whether there is a short circuit in the condenser or in the primary lead of the armature. =o» COLLECTOR RING SPARK POST NOT IN USE CONDENSER HOLDER Ss NEGATIVE POLE ~@\\ POSITIVE POLE a \ and, if these are followed ARMATURE: properly, the man who ® uses the outfit at once SROUND WIRE—7 PRIMARY WIRE This trouble-finder can be connected with any six-volt storage-battery becomes an expert mag- neto .repairman simply because the apparatus means of two eye-bolts screwed into the jaw and then slipped over two longitudinal rods permanently fixed to two transverse pieces supported on the chassis frame. With the engine revolving, the front jaw throws the rear one out of mesh automatically by the shape of the teeth. But when the en- gine stops, two springs around the longitudinal rods force the rear jaws into the mesh with the front one and keep it there. Since the rods cannot revolve, because they are mounted on the fixed ¢ross-mem- bers, the entire - driving shaft is held stationary, thus preventing the rear wheels from turning. If the car then moves back- ward, it will be only after wearing out one section of the tire through friction. 42 CONTACT SCREW VIBRATOR An automobile-top that has three transparent celluloid windows Is This for Star-Gazers? Y cutting openings in the top of the car he uses for wire and pole in- spection, a railway superintendent has made this work much easier. As the illustration shows, three windows of transparent celluloid, about 10 by 12 inches each, are set in the top exactly over the driver’s seat. Popular Science Monthly - 7 Discovering Magneto Troubles contact points and the tim. ° a ee ee So ee an Cum;CUM Clete eet ook

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ithly 4 for Tein first the tim. * are tire ved ma- cer- hen keg 3a ser the TOR OST ILE ILE CH he 1e of ly yt git April, 1919 This British Steam Motor-Truck Has a Coke-Fired Boiler you could run your car on some new fuel costing only one fourth as much as gasoline, you would use that new fuel in nine cases out of ten, provided it did not upset many ears of experience in driving a gasoline-engine car. This is the principle upon which Thomas Clarkson, a noted steam engineer of Great Britain, has worked to nroduce a new steam-lorry or motor-truck which tests have shown to be one fourth as expensive as the same type of vehicle driven by gasoline. Radical changes have been made in the design of the new truck; for, unlike the big, lumbering steam-wagons with high locomotive-like exhaust stacks, it has a clutch-pedal for the left foot, a brake-pedal for the right foot, a center gear-shifting rod, and at the extreme right a long emergency brake-lever. The steam generation is controlled automatically. Furthermore, this new truck has an en- gine clutch and gear- set to give more than one transmission speed, the better to meet average road conditions, besides tending to simplify the engine by eliminating the expensive reverse gear. By the use of the clutch, the engine may be run “‘free,” a very useful advantage when warming up or in making repairs. In an actual test, the engine and boiler were left with steam up all night, the engine regulating the water-feed, lubrication, and boiler pressure. The Clarkson power plant consists of three main parts— the boiler, the engine, and the condenser. The boiler is built on entirely new lines, burning coke as a fuel. It is set upright under a hood forward of the driver’s seat, as in SMOKE DOWNTAKE The coke is fed down into the combustion space inside of the inner shell, dropping through a hole in the top on the rocking-grate arrangement at the very bottom. Every fifteen or twenty miles the fire is replenished —# ae __ epee ae ™ eon Noro & An English steam-truck that has the appear- ance and many features of a gasoline-truck gasoline-engine trucks. The boiler is made up of two cylindrical steel shells, ‘one inside of the other. Each shell has flanges by which the two arebolted together. The water is carried between the two shells, and heated by small hollow thimbles which are pressed into the in- ner shell in a series of horizontal rings. The coke is fed to the com- bustion space in the inner shell through a hole in the [top and drops to a rocking-grate arrangement at the bottom. It has been estimated that a truck with a coke-fired boiler can be run at one fourth the cost required for a gas- oline-engine truck. Something New in Rear-End Control Of simple construction, it’s a great comfort when you get stuck in the mud UPPOSE you were out riding in the country in your Ford car, and suppose your car got stuck in a mud-hole. No one in sight, and not even a plank or a tree to help you extricate the car. Now suppose and with the carburetor, having a helical spring which has one end bent to form an eye that encircles the shaft, with its opposite end hooked into a near-by plate, the spring serving to hold the parts in you had only to go to the rear, pull alever, pushing the while with your shoulder against the back of the tonneau, and just follow your car back to firm ground? An invention by a Minnesota man makes this a reality by a simple spring-rod attachment run- ning from the rear axle to the speed levers and carburetor, the con- nection being such that when the brake-lever is swung to immediate speed or vertical position the clutch-pedal will be: swung to neutral position, the brakes not being applied unless the brake- lever is swung to its backward position. If the Ford is embedded so deeply in the mud that the engine is not capable of pulling the car out, the driver swings the hand brake-lever to neutral, releasing the speeds, so that the engine is idle. By the insertion of a handle (in most cases a jack-handle) into the socket, pulling it upward, and at the same time pushing against the back of the car, the handle moving upward speeds up the engine and slowly pushes the pedal into low speed. Thus power is transmitted to the rear wheels, position. It also connects with the shank of the brake-pedal, In extricating his Ford from mud-holes, this invention enables the driver to operate his car from the rear 43 and the driver soon has the car upon firm ground.

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Some Freaks of the Tree World Some were born queer, and others had queerness thrust upon them ee eee Te Sat: a! Hat nS © Underwood & Underwood ee SE A wind-storm swept across a forest down in Louisiana. This long- leaf yellow pine bent to the ground, - but would not break, al- though some of the fibers have parted. When the storm had passed, it did not straighten, but re- tained bent, making an almost perfect arch This is not a horny animal, but a fallen tree-trunk. The seem- ing horns are but twist- ed branches, and obliging knots make the eyes, ears, and mouth. Natives of the San Bernardino moun- tains, where lies this old tree-trunk, call it “the deer’s head” This hole in a tree is a mosque dug out by Mohamme- dans in Calcutta, that they might worship therein A squirrel hid an acorn in the stump of an old cedar tree, and then forgot all about it. But from little acorns great oaks grow. Re- sult a tree within a tree Popular Science Monthly An Indian bent this tree to earth when it was very young and full of the desire to grow. So it branched from the middle of the bend. The tree- top has emerged, but branches continue to flourish from the bend

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April, 1919 “Caught like a rat i So this is what Below: There are twenty- three rats, a few mice, and the traps that caught them in this heterogene- ous pile. Rats prefer to live and die in clean places, and, as these traps were exceptionally clean, the rats walked into them When You Go a-Ratting Not the pleasantest indoor sport, but often necessary n a trap.” it means! Right: These em- bryo hunters are getting their first taste of blood: Armed with shovels and sticks, they sur- rounded the hen- house and _ killed all the rats therein He who walks this plank does so at his own risk; for on the water floats a tempting bit of bait, and just below that lurks a trap Misleading barrel-tops are these. slit paper and the other top tips. One is Result? Rats fall into the water below and are drowned Does A CAT KEEP A Sup free Of RATS This is a cat and some of the rats she overlooked when cleaning out a ship. She, in turn, was overlooked by the fumigating expert eam nd Carbon bisulphide is poured into rat burrows and the burrows sealed up. A gassing like this will get them all, young and old A close-up of four barn victims. It’s a har- rowing picture, but rats and mice destroy millions of dollars’ worth of grain each year

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Work the joy-stick with your knees while you eat your luncheon or-view the fields below on a cross-country flight You Can Operate the Joy-Stick with Your Knees ILOT Robert F. Shanle, air mail-carrier be- | tween New York and Washington, carries his [% luncheon with him on his daily flights, and eats ‘it while speeding through the air. How can he eat, with both of his hands constantly employed in

controlling his machine? . It is true that the steering and controlling mecia- i nism demands constant attention, but the recently i invented knee control enables the aviator to guide <(7 his machine, as an expert rider guides his horse, with his knees, leaving his hands frée to operate a camera, draw maps or sketches, or anything else he may like. __ The invention is extremely simple. An acjustable ring, to which at opposite sides two curved pads, shaped to conform to the knees, are attached, is slipped over the control lever, or joy-stick, and fastened by a clamp screw. The device is so placed that the aviator, sitting on his upholstered seat, can place his knees against the two pads. By rocking his knees from side to side, or by sliding a little forward or backward on his seat, the pilot can operate the joy-stick without using his hands. “Popular Science Monthly” in the Foreign Service OMEBODY in Pawtucket, R. I., »/ has been making a company of men attached to the 18th Labour Group Headquarters of the British forces in France very happy by sending them copies of POPULAR ScIENCE MONTHLY. He (or she) responded to the appeal of one J. Baker, of His Majesty’s forces, printed in our November number. Mr. Baker, a Tommy for the duration of the war, wrote that POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY was in great demand at’ the front, and that he and his mates would let out a yell.that would scare the Germans if someone sent copies their way. Now Mr. Baker wishes us to thank the unknown donor of the magazine, and we are delighted to be the conveyor of his message.

Popular Science Monthly ’ Truing Up Airplane Propellers with the Plumb-Line HE instrument shown here- with, the invention of R. J. Hoffman, of New York, is used for determining the correct balance of airplane pro- pellers and for meas- uring possible weight difference between the blades. Itis made of three- ply wood, inthe shape of an anchor. The curved part has upon its flatsur- face a graduated scale. Suspend- ed from the ex- act center of the circle of which the arc forms a part, is a thin line with a plumb attached. The shaft through the center hole of the propeller is placed at right angles on two parallel and level knife edges. The propeller is allowed to swing until it stops of itself. Then it is given a quarter turn, and while it is held in position the measuring instrument is fastened to the end of the shaft so that the line intersects the arc at zero. When released, the propeller, if it is perfectly balanced, - will not swing and the plumb-line will remain at the Z zero mark. If it is out of balance, the position of the line will indicate the deviation in inch-ounces. Skill Is No Longer Necessary in Propeller-Making VERY airplane must have at least one propeller. During the war the demand for propellers became enormous. You may think it an easy matter to make an unlimited number of airplane propellers. It is not. The making of such devices is a difficult and delicate task which has heretofore required exceptionally skilful and experi- enced workmen. Airplane propellers are made of wood, but they are not carved out of solid blocks. Layers of wood of even thick- ness are glued together, and the composite blocks are then carved, shaved, scraped, and sandpapered into shape. At first the work was done by means of hand tools; but this method was too slow, and some better means had to be found. A machine for shaping pro- pellers has now been invented and introduced in England. The machine copies a given model which is fixed to a driving head at the side of the frame, and which rotates at the same rate as the block from which the new propeller is to be cut. Over the surface of the model a copy wheel is made to pass, and by suitable connect- ing levers the cutting wheel is given the same feeding rate. The block of wood is fashioned into an exact copy. The plumb-line tells whether one propel. ler- blade is heavier than the other

* Anyone can turn out air- plane pro- pellers with this machine

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e tells ropel- -avier ther aced The self. held the ero. ced, the n of ller. ame » an The 1ich eri- not ick- and hen and At this yme TO- ted nd. ven the the om the to ct- eel te. ed April, 1919 ‘ of his within the suburbs of large Built-to-order villages that combine the best in city and country life WELL known architect, Henry Atterbury Smith, has taken all the good points of city and country life and from them has designed —and, what is more, built—an ideal village. The inhabitants live in the very best of apartment-houses, all of the windows of which open out on charming landscapes instead of on other folks’ back yards. “Many conveniences are thrown in with your four rooms and bath when you pay your exceptionally cheap rent. Farms, lakes, rocks, parks, and lawns tempt the, most fastidious country-lovers. Then, for those who wish to be amused, a casino, ball-field, and tennis-courts; a li- brary for the studious, garages for automobile-owners, and a play- ground for the children. Mr. Smith builds these villages cities where transportation facilities are good. He picks out a sixty- acre square of fertile ground. He builds a circular road just within his square, and erects a semicircle of apartment-houses which will ac- commodate two hundred and fifty families, twelve to a house. All walls are at right angles to their adjacent walls, and this makes possible light in every window. Then, too, each house has a non-intercommuni- cating staircase. A rent-collector, a plumber to mend leaks, an exterminator to chase away bugs, visit each apartment oncea month. Make Electricity Operate Your “(\UCH!” comes from beneath the jacked-up automobile. “‘What’s the trouble now?” asks the jovial neighbor. ’ “That monkey-wrench slipped and I skinned my knuckles again!’ ‘“‘Wait a minute,” says the neighbor, and goes into his own garage. Returning in a moment, he hands to his friend under the car an article re- sembling a vibrator, remarking: “Let me attach the wire to this lamp-socket. Then you fit the chuck to the nut you want to loosen, pull the sliding lever toward the handle, and press the button of the switch.” A few minutes later a buzzing sound is heard, and the wrench begins its work. The four jaws of the chuck have been.adjusted to the size of the nut by a few turns of the threaded The ideal apartment- house has parks and tennis-courts in front and gardens behind Each house is provided with open stairs, which are nevertheless protected from rain Since Smith builds in such large quantities, he is able to turn out first-class houses at small cost. Wouldn’t You Like to Live There? They all have hot water, steam - heat, gas-ranges, and electric fix- tures; yet Smith can turn them out at the rate of $25,000 apiece. choke ring or collar encircling them, the lever has shifted the gear to the reverse position, and by the pres- sure of the button switch the current has been sent through the armature of the elongated motor within the handle pe SLIDABLE GEAR-REVERSE Wo“) Sa LEVER gs PUSH-BUT TON SWITCH d DELECTRIC. p WORM AND MOTOR. GEAR DRIVE * A handy tool in the garage;_ it will serve as a wrench, a drill, or a valve-grinder 47 The houses are built on an arc of a circle, thus insuring light for all the tenants, at a moderate rental Wrench of the wrench. A second or two, and the nut is unscrewed. Look at the accompanying picture and you will understand this better. A cylindrical casing has a handle at one end, and it incloses a small elec- tric motor with elongated armature revolving between similarly shaped field-magnets. At the end of the shaft is a slidable sleeve with a bevel gear € ateachend. This sleeve can be shifted by a lever so as to engage either one of the gears with the bevel gear at the end of a worm-geared shaft which drives the shaft of the wrench. Within reasonable limits, the chuck of the, wrench can be adjusted to nuts of various sizes, and, if the nut is in a position difficult of access, a wrench- bit having a universal joint may be used in the chuck.

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ee eer wae 16 ape as a er MAGNET ON ROD A flexible rod with a little electromagnet at- tached to one end will re- move a valve-spring key from the crank-case after the key has been located “ by means of a mirror The air-com- pressor be- low is oper- ated by the rotating tim- ing-shaft,and issetin action‘ by pushing a knob on the -/& timer-cap AIR OUTLET AIR INLET FRICTION CLUTCH CLUTCH- , OPERATING KNOB This three-story ambulance, used by the army of Holland, holds seven or eight patients, but it must be very uncomfortable in bad weather 7, P/ \NFLAMMABLE S COLLAR Even a person without legs may drive an automobile pro- vided with this hand-control of the clutch and brake-pedals In case of back-fire, the col- lar of highly inflammable ma- terial, holding back the spring- actuated intake needle valve of the carburetor, flashes, stopping the flow of gasoline age NEEDLE VALVE 48 If you want to be sure of find- ing your car where you left it before you went to lunch, equip it with a burglar alarm Popular Science Monthly 7 What’s New in Here are many suggestions look them over and decide test every electric light _ bulb on your car be- fore going on a trip Here is a new testing apparatus that is suit- able for that purpose It is a good plan to

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Monthly E W In stions lecide in to light r be- trip. sting suit- April, 1912 the Automobile World? for your convenience and comfort; which of them you ought to have The lubricating of the ~ | leaf- springs becomes a simple opera- tion if you use one of the new oilers shown here reee ey WY J a » ah An up-to-date evangelist is touring the country in a specially built car that is equipped with a pulpit and a sounding-board, which may be folded down when not in use The rectifier shown above changes the alternating cur- rent of the Ford magneto to direct current, which is then used to charge the storage- battery operating the lights This curtain window-light has perforations which fit over fasteners in the frame Always carry a megaphone with you when touring in your car. It is often very convenient for asking direc- The basket-like luggage- ‘ions of persons at a distance carrier shown above, though not very orna- mental, is decidedly useful seer eg aa a The rocker-arm shaft is hollow and filled with oil-soaked felt fiber to keep the rocker arms lubricated

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{Sa A ae a See Squeezing Peat to Make a New Fuel It is done by a machine that also compresses merchandise for shipment HE compressing of merchandise for shipment will be employed extensively in the future, says William P. Michaelson, inventor of the ma- chine shown here. He probably does not intend to include cut glass, china, or even high silk hats of the non-col- lapsible type; but there can be no doubt that the idea of reduction of the volume of commodities is capable of a wider application than hitherto. There was a time when loose hay and empty boxes made up an entire shipment; today the hay is compressed, and the boxes are not assembled until the destination is reached. But the principal use of the machine is in making briquets for fuel. Such materials as peat, lignite, coal-dust, sawdust, and similar substances make good briquets when they are properly treated. The water can be forced out of the peat and applied to commercial purposes, while the peat itself can be utilized for fuel and in the man- ufacture of high-grade steel. The molds used in the proc- ess (eight in number) are situ- ated on a cylinder. The mate- rial for the briquets passes down through a hopper to a feed plunger, which fills the mold opposite. The cylinder then turns until the next mold is in place for filling. When a full HOPPER ,

Sectional view showing important details of new compressing machine

Popular Science M onthly q This machine can convert coal screenings into fuel or compress merchandise for shipment mold has passed half way around, it is then opposite the compression piston, and is squeezed into a briquet. Automatic ejectors empty the mold. In this manner the process continues indefinitely. The revolution of the cylinder about its axis is intermittent, al- lowing time for the reciprocat- ing parts to enter and leave the molds when in register. It Pumps Grain Like Water And does an enormous amount of work with a small number of laborers ECAUSE of the necessity of trans- porting enormous quantities of grain, and the lack of laborers to handle it during the war, a method for moving grain invented by Robert Boby came widely into use in Great Britain. The inventor treats the grain as if it were so much water. Powerful pumps suck it up from the holds of ships or barges, and, after cleaning it by suitable means, distribute it to bins, railway cars, or trucks. The entire plant for doing this work is installed on two specially construct- ed flat-cars. One of the cars carries the pumping machin- ery, the other the

ee ie cleansing machinery. A suction pump draws the grain through a pipe from the hold of the ship or barge. The grain is drawn into a reservoir on the filter- ing car, and is discharged upon a con- veyor which takes it to the cleansing filter, The sifter consists of bags of a specially woven cotton cloth, which may be used either dry or wet. The <4 PUMPING AND. CLEANSING SCARS AND MACHINERY ~~ _ASSUCTION PIDE 50 CONVEYOR BELTS” wet filter bags retain, the dust, which, forming a doughlikexmass, is removed from time to time. Tr thé: dr lter the dust passes through the cloth, and is blown away. Another method of separating the dust from the grain is sometimes used. The grain is allowed to flow in a steady stream into a cylinder into which a. powerful current of air is blown at an angle to the stream of grain. The grain is whirled around by the current of air, which blows the dust and chaff out through the upper part of the cylinder, whence itis drawn away, and finally dis- posed of by a fan-wheel. [he other car carries a gasoline engine which drives the pumps and b’uwers and the filtering-car mechanism.

/ WHEAT BIN.

By means of machinery installed on two cars, which are easily moved from job to job, grain can be pumped like water from a ship’s hold

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ty he ler al- at- he ch, red ter th, the ed. dy ha. in. ind ich Laff art tis lis- sa ves and sm. April, 1919 ETAL-FINISHING is ordinarily done on a buffing-wheel. An abrasive belt machine answers just as well. The finish given by the belt is excellent, and great speed is obtained. In fact, the makers of the new machine claim that it turns out more and better work than is possible with any other finishing process. This is a broad claim, but the claimants offer to back up their words with facts, figures, and demonstrations. In the picture below a mechanic is seated at his machine. He holds against the belt a small magnet which -- he is finishing and polishing. The belt Finishing and Polishing Metal by Means of a Leather Belt has a speed of about 7,000 feet a minute. Its action is modified somewhat by the soft cushion-like pulley beneath, which pulley is made up of a cast-iron hub with side flanges into which are fitted approxi- mately 225 leather blades. The leather blades are bent slightly by the tension and the rapid movement of the belt, and the bending effect is in- creased by the pressure of the work. This action seems to give a better.-grinding and finishing effect, and is also an aid in carrying off the minute metal chips, which otherwise might clog the work or interfere with the finish. The operation of finish- ing has always been an important one in the field of mechanics, owing to the wide application of the process in the fitting and polishing of castings. Bill is finishing a small magnet. He holds it against an abrasive belt which travels at the rate of 7,000 feet a minute _ Sifting Sand for Concrete by Electricity HERE sand-sifting is done on a large scale, the use of screens vibrated by an electric motor has been found very satis- factory. A coarse screen can be used for removing the gravel, and a finer screen forthesand. Various grades can be sep- arated by this means in a very short time, and the work is under. the com- plete control of the operator. Closing an electric switch is all that is necessary to start the work. Opening an electric switch is all that is necessary to stop the operation. The modern method changes a hard jobintoan easy one, at thesame time lessening the cost. Such a method is therefore all that could be desired. Even a very small motor will cause sufficient vibration to perform con- siderable work of this nature. A 1;- horsepower motor will operate quite a large screen and do the work well. Vibratory motion is produced by means of a small tapper operated by the motor. In speeding up concrete and foundry operations, the sand-sifting must be under complete and accurate control. Run the sand-sifter by electric motor and turn a hard job into an easy one 51 © Kadel & Herbert This is the ‘“‘icycle” Now Comes the Icycle OW can you-use a bicycle in win- ter? The answer is given by a young New Yorker. He has simply removed the front wheel from his ma- chine and substituted'skates. Suitable braces and cross-pieces are made use of to accomplish the purpose in view, and the whole is given a gay and festive appearance by wrapping the braces with white cloth. Owing to appearance given by the white cloth, the altered machine has received the name “‘icycle.” _ : When the icycle is taken for short trip on the. frozen Hydson, two seats are added for the accommodation of the inventor's younger brothers. Thus . the converted bicycle is made to carry three instead of one as formerly, and, according to the rules of arithmetic, three times as much fun is extracted from the machine as before. Clean Your Typewriter with a Blow-Torch O give your typewriter a thorough cleaning, why not use a gasoline- torch? First take the typewriter outdoors and remove the ribbon. The platen should be either taken off or covered with paper: Having filled-the torch with gasoline, pump up~a good’ pres- sure and open the needle valve. A fine jet of gasoline will be projected with such force as to reach the most inaccessible parts of the machine. . One filling of the torch, if itis a good-sized one, is generally enough. After the machine has become dry, it is a good plan to spray the working parts with a good lubricating oil. Needless to say, cleaning with a gasoline-torch should be done in the open air, and one should not smoke.

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This Six-Foot Bowl . Is for-Stew HIEF cook for the Indians of Vancouver Island makes no complaint when .a festival is an- nounced, for Indian festi- vals are not elaborate eight-course affairs like ours. The cook need only add several potatoes and carrots to his already cook- ing stew and serve it up in a large bowl. The size of bowl and the’ number of quarts of stew depend on the im- portance of the festival; and so a very large affair will call for a bowl like the one shown above. This one is carved out of wood, and when placed on end is at least six feet tall. The symbol for the clan to which it belongs is carved at one end. It takes so long to serve the stew that hot stones are dropped into the bowl from time to time. He Was Mummified by Natural Causes MUMMY different from any other in the world is on exhibition in the Museum of Natural History in New York City. It is believed to be the only one of its kind ever found. It was discovered in the province of Antofagasta, Chili, and is the mummy of a Chilean Indian who was buried in a cave-in while engaged in min- ing copper, in prehistoric times. The body, being protected from the air, became mummified through the action of the cop- per salts, aided by the extremely dry climate of the region. With the mummy were found the stone wedges and stone hammers with hafted wooden handles used in mining, and baskets and a bag of llama skin for holding the mined ore. ys t mel ros a ¥ } ; id ye - : 2 3 : : Growing One-Foot Trees for a Japanese Garden N a two-foot dish a Japanese will make for you a perfect garden—sum- mer-houses, bridges, Japanese maidens, and trees. The bridges, houses, and maidens are the result of careful, delicate workman- ship, but how about the living trees? They are perfect one-foot grown-up trees. Some of them have lived two hundred years and will never grow any taller. They are cultivated dwarfs. To get this result, when a Japanese tree starts growing, all of its healthy, robust branches are cut off, and the weaker one lives on. This operation is performed again and again on all fast- growing branches. In time they give up trying, and only the small, frail ones survive. ; Ants Invade a Camera and Overrun a Film MPLOYEES of an America min- ing company operating in central Mexico were driven off their property by revolutionary bandits a year ago, leaving most of their belongings behind them. When the president of the concern re- turned six months later, he found his camera unharmed and still loaded, and proceeded to take a photograph of the company offices. An exposure showed this remarkable picture. Popular Science Monthly 4

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or a » will -sum- dens, 1S are Man- . trees? yn-up l two W any ‘Ss. anese althy, i the ion is fast- r give ]l ones nd min- entral yperty - ago, ehind rn re- d_ his 1, and of the 10wed Shooting a Stitch in Time from a Sewing Cartridge HAT old adage that praises the stitch in time as a labor-saving device appeals with particular force to the camper or woodsman miles away from a tailor or feminine aid. Many woodsman, like most sailors, are good needlemen; but, where the ; tar has always needle, thread, and ; palm (the sea version of a thimble) | in his ditty-bag, the woodsman is | often without the “mending mak- | ings.” Now, as our picture above | certifies, he has only to put one more | cartridge in his belt to be ready for rips and tears. The bullet un-' screws, and out come cotton, needles, and thread. Each bobbin—one' b wound with white and the other with black—holds two needlefuls. Swimming in an Inner Tube M°t tender parents will not throw their children overboard in order to teach them how to swim. Instead, they make sure that their children won’t sink by buying them buoying water-wings and life- preservers. But the economical automobile- owing parent shown below has turned one of her inner tubes into a life preserver, and her child is swimming in it. If you think this a remarkable use for old automobile tires turn to the first of the prize-winning contributors in our ‘‘Old Tire Contest,”’ in this issue of POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. Our readers found more than two hundred and fifty ways of using old tires, and they’re all worth knowing. Piling Up Coal with a Triple Conveyor T° simplify the work of piling up coal in railroad yards, a triple- conveyor apparatus operated by electricity, is now employed. The first conveyor carries the coal up a certain height, and® lets it fall on the second; that, in turn, carries it up another height; whereupon the last conveyor link brings it to the top. The coal-piles sometimes reach a hundred feet in height by means of these triple conveyors. — A Weather Clock Used on Zeppelin Hangars UCH of the old-time sea-captain’s knowledge of wind and weather, reinforced by sound science, is de- manded of. the captain of a giant Zep- pelin. As a rule, before starting out, the first thing that a Zeppelin commander does is to look at the indicator that is placed at the top of every Zeppelin shed. It tells him not. only the direc- tion of the wind, but also how many meters a second it is blowing. Thus in- formed of the local conditions, he next consults the charts especially prepared for aeronautical use by the German me- teorological office. -With.the weather conditions all over Europe clearly set down, he sails off into the blue, know- ing exactly what he has to expect. The Hotel de Rover—for Fashionable Dogs NEW YORK has a hotel for dogs. Ranged about the spacious reception- room are kennels where prize pets have been left temporarily while their masters are out of town. The bull pups are in the majority, and there is always one in particular that tries to attract your attention and be interviewed. All the dogs are well cared for in their hotel. ‘They are cleansed, trim- med, beautified, or prepared for exhibition; for many of them have taken handsome prizes, and will take more. No sick ones are received. The hotel is not a hospital. Only the nobility and brains of dogdom are regis- tered at this hotel. 53

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apne se net een sghuée pea eos Ce pat ate SSL ee a Jia aaa nie wae [ee Se Se ee eee ne eres ee eee

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By Walter Bannard statement issued by. the ““™ United .States Shipping Board, the Allied and neutral nations lost 21,404,193 dead- weight tons of shipping during the war, which means that Germany maintained an aver- age destruction of about 445,000 dead-weight tons monthly. Most of the ships that were torpedoed undoubtedly lie under water at both low and high tide. Without the aid of a diver, they would remain there until they literally dissolved. And so divers must be sent down—exceptional men, amaz- ing men, who perform under-water feats of physical endurance that seem well-nigh incredible, and who accom- plish tasks in carpentry, fitting, and blacksmithing that seem little short of miraculous to the untutored layman. yo phesiony to an official Man Lives in an Air Ocean Man is an animal that lives at the bottom of an ocean of air. Like the water of the sea, the ocean of air has weight. At sea-level it presses upon you with a force of fifteen pounds to the square inch. Nature has fashioned you so that you can eat and sleep and walk about when the pressure of the air upon you is somewhat less or some- what more than fifteen pounds to the square inch. But there are limits. Some deep- sea fish literally explode when they are brought to the surface: the water- pressure to which they are accustomed has been removed. You will not ex- > OXY-ACETYLENE-———q TUBES AIR-JETS TO BLOW WATER AWAY FROM FLAME PLAN VIEW

a WHEELS This is the oxy-acetylene torch, which melts steel under water—the invention of Brusch and Beyer. A jet of air blows away the water, so that the flame can reach the steel; it also guides, and steadies the flame of the torch Can plode if you are raised by a balloon to a height of five miles, but you are likely to die for lack of air. All these facts must be borne in mind when one considers what is de- manded of a diver. To send him down in order that he may explore a wreck is not so much a matter of preventing him from drowning as it is a matter of air-pressure. He must breathe under conditions that were never considered by nature. A cubic foot of salt water weighs sixty-four pounds. : The deeper a man descends, the more cubic feet of water press upon him. For every foot that he goes down, the pressure increases about half a pound to the square inch. Clearly, a depth is soon reached at which he would literally be squeezed into a pulp, assuming that the water can not enter his body. He would be “imploded”—the opposite of exploded. The purpose of the diver’s dress that will be used by hundreds of men in raising some of the treasure now at the bottom of the ocean is not only to prevent drowning, but to offset the pressure of the ocean by pressure of air. Why the Diver Is Not Squeezed to Death A diver’s dress consists essentially of two parts—an incompressible helmet and a compressible garment for the body and legs. Down and down the diver goes. The pressure increases. It tries to force the air out of the dress into the helmet. Air must be pumped into the helmet and the upper part of the dress until the pressure within is equal to that without at the 54 _ from Popular Science Monthly : Liftig Sunken Treasure from the Sea _ Ships and cargoes worth billions were sunk by the Germans. that treasure ever be recovered ?

The man breathes; level of the breast. he exhales a poisonous gas—carbon- dioxide. An escape must be provided for the exhaled poisonous gas, as well as to prevent the air-pressure within increasing beyond a_ desired degree. So an automatic outlet valve is provided in the helmet. Blown up with air as he is, a diver is like a bubble: he must be sunk. Hence he carries about eighty pounds of lead on his body and _ sixteen pounds of lead in each boot. His dress, exclusive of himself, weighs about 175 pounds. Air is supplied by means of a flex- ible hose connected with an air-pump in a boat above, or with a compressed- air tank. Besides the air-hose, the diver is usually connected with the

Cutting away wreckage is the chief function to be performed by the oxy- acetylene under-water torch. In the future the torch will be used, wherever it is possible, instead of dynamite

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Floating Her with Big Cans of Air Sometimes pontoons (huge especially constructed steel cylindrical tanks) are sunk beside the vessel and fastened in place by divers. The water in the tanks is then pumped out. Such is the buoyancy of the pontoons that the vessel rises. As a general rule, the diver first tries to clear away wreckage, which is done by means of an under-water oxy-acetylene torch or by dynamite, and then closes all the large holes. How does he stop an opening made by a torpedo? Its general shape and size must be known. With the aid of an adjustable mold of wood, the diver indicates the general size and shape of a patch that will fitthe holes. Next the patch is constructed of steel plates or planking, lowered, and drawn into place by cables outside and inside of the hold

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ee ee Si. icine SBT So AE FRAT SIR tie | | ane A cofferdam is simply a water-tight wall built up from a submerged portion of a ship. When it is pumped out (the leaks in the hull having all been plugged), the ship rises by virtue of her own buoyancy, as well as by that added by the cofferdams surface by a signal line or life-line in which telephone wires are embedded. He descends by a ‘“shot-rope’’—a rope sunk by a heavy weight or a shot. It is evident that much depends on the air-supply and the air-outlet valve in the helmet. The deeper the man descends, the more air must be sup- plied, since the pressure must increase with the pressure of the water. If the pumps are supplying one cubic foot of air a minute when the diver is near the surface, they must supply two cubic feet at thirty-three feet, three cubic feet at sixty-six feet, four cubic feet at ninety-nine feet, etc. As the pressure increases, curious disabilities appear. The diver cannot whistle, for example, because he cannot make his lips vibrate: His voice, heard over the telephone, becomes strangely shrill and squeaky. Moisture condenses on the front glass-of the helmet. He cannot see. He. sucks in a mouthful of water through a tap (the “spit-cock’’) and spurts it over the inside of the glass. It is washed down, and all is clear again. The Record for Diving How deep can a diver descend? The record is about three hundred feet or thereabouts, made by divers of the American Navy when the F-4 was raised. some three years ago in the waters of Honolulu. At that great depth little work can be done; the diver can do little more than grope around. The air is composed of about eighty per cent nitrogen, a gas that does not readily enter into chemical compo- sition with other elements and which serves the purpose of diluting the oxygen of the atmosphere so that we may breathe it in the proper amount. The Perils of. High Pressure At high pressure the nitrogen pene- trates the blood; it is not chemically converted into something else that is breathed out, asin the case of oxygen. The deeper the diver descends, the more nitrogen is forced into his blood and tissues. If he is brought up from a great depth too rapidly the nitrogen bubbles off; the man suffers agonies; he has all the symptoms of “‘caisson disease” or the “‘bends’’; he may die. A table was compiled by the British Admiralty, which is now consulted be- fore sending men to the bottom of the ocean in order to raise a sunken ship. Is the depth 66 feet? The engineer refers to his table. . “‘Twenty-nine and a half pounds per square inch,” he reads. That is the pressure of the water. If by any chance the diver descends to 192 feet and remains at that depth over one hou, the process of bringing him up will be tedious. He will be held for five minutes at a depth of eighty feet; for twenty minutes at a depth of seventy feet; for twenty-five minutes at six- tyfeet; for thir- ty minutes at a~ depth of fifty feet; for thirty minutes at 56 Popular Science M onthly forty feet; for thirty-five minutes at thirty feet; for forty minutes at twenty feet; and for a final forty minutes at ten feet. In all, three hours and forty-five minutes must elapse between the time that the man starts to come up and the time that he is clear of the water, in order that the nitrogen may be slowly and safely released from hig system. Problems for the Salvor How does the diver ascend? He tightens up his air-valve. His buoy- ancy is increased. It becomes pos- sible for him more or less to float up the shot-rope. Wéath each foot of ascent the volume of air in the dress expands; the speed is quick- ened. At first the legs and arms can be moved easily enough, so that the diver can hold the rope and ad- just his valve to suit the changing conditions. Soon the dress blows up hard as a board; he is as helpless as if he were shackled; he cannot reach out and adjust the valve. What, then, becomes of the excess air? It escapes through the cuffs. There is no magic procedure appli- cable to the salving of every wreck. A salvage engineer must study each case on its own technical merits, and he must invent the peculiar technique that is to be followed in a given in- stance. Just as a surgeon must con- sider the age, structure, physical strength, and vitality of a patient, so must the salvage engineer take into account the position of the foundered vessel, the nature of the extent of the damage she has sustained, and the Bcowprrs.p ‘ AIR PLANT The air that is pumped in blows the water out through a convenient _ vent, and sometimes through the very leak through which it entered

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S at. , at orty hree nust the time , in 1 his He uoy= pos- float foot 1 the lick- 1rms that | ad- ging lows pless nnot alve. Kcess ppli- = * case 1 he Lique n in- con- sical it, so into lered f the the lient ered April, 1919 character of the salvaging machinery that is at his disposal. The methods which were employed in salvaging one ship are not likely to - be applicable in every respect to the raising of another. The salver must be ableto estimate the weight, trim, and sta- bility of a ship in her damaged condition, and quick to form a plan of oper- ation, ‘taking into account the position of the vessel, the nature and ex- tent of dam- age which may have been done, the tide and currents of the water in which she lies, and the character of the plant at his disposal. If a ship cannot be raised, at least” her cargo may often be salved. With pneumatic drills or with the oxy- acetylene torch (a blast of air keeps the water away from the flame) a hole can be cut in the plating of a ship as she lies on her side, and through that hole her cargo can be raised. Is the cargo steel? Then the electric lifting magnet is lowered. It fastens itself with leechlike tenacity to as much as it can carry. Gold, copper, silver, —— J : ee Fae must be raised by other means. Orange-peel and similar buckets will raise coal and other bulk cargo. The Case of the ‘‘Lusitania’’ The quickest way of entering a hold is to dynamite an opening; but nowa- days that method is resorted to but rarely because the tangled mass of wreckage that‘ results imperils the ’ The pontoons, or barges’ by which a ship is lifted and conveyed to shallow water are tossed about by the heaving sea, so that the strain on the suspending cables is unevenly distributed. If a stiff structure were used, like this proposed, some of the difficulties might be avoided diver and makes his work more diffi- cult. Perhaps that is the method that may be employed to salve the cargo of the Lusitania. The ship herself is probably ir- recoverable; for she lies at a depth of 300 ‘feet in the open water. Ships of un- der 2,000 tons are usually raised by slip- ping under them chains or are fastened se- curely to barges or hulks at the surface.- ' As the tide rises the vessels at the surface also rise, lifting the ship below, by means of the chains or cables. The barges are then towed into shallower water, and the chains are tightened. At the next rise of the tide the process is repeated. Sometimes pontoons (huge specially constructed steel cylindrical tanks) are sunk beside the vessel and fastened in place by divers. The water in the tanks is then pumped out. Such is the buoyancy of the pontoons that the ‘vessel rises. Large ships have thus Ships of less than 2,000 tons are usually raised by slipping under them chains or cables, which are secured to barges or hulks at the surface. As the tide rises, the vessels at the surface also rise, thus lifting the ship below by means of the cables. The barges are then towed into shallower water and the chains are tightened. At the next rise of the tide the process is repeated. And so, after days and days of patient waiting for the tides and patient tightening of the lifting chains or cables, the foundered ship is at last beached. It is easy then to pump out the ship and to patch her cables, which ~ mye ne yom pene meer es seers neers es I PT aaa en ar =r c] ¢ + ‘ | | rer gtr: cecateeret am ereerrae & pay spre

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TE ay ea RPO Be Oo ES. .a ship 320 feet long, dis- Popular Science Monthly oj been raised—for ‘example, the British cruiser Gladiator, placing 5,500 tons. As a general rule, the salvor first tries to clear away wreckage, which is neer. The decks of a ship are not intended to support’ thousands of tons of water. Hence it is often necessary to shore a ship so that when she is pumped out done by mearis of an under- water oxy-acetylene torch, or by dynamite, and then closes all the larger holes. Weight of the Sea The sea’s weight affects not only the diver but the sunken ship. Pile cubic foot upon cubic foot of water, and it follows that at the deepest part of the ocean the pressure must be measured by tons to the square inch. At sixty feet, for example, the pressure is 26.7 pounds to the square inch; at one hundred and fifty feet 66.7 pounds; at three hundred feet 133.3 pounds. The raising of a sunken ship is complicated not only because its hold is inundated with water, but because of this weight. How fast can a man ina ordinary dress work under water? A one-inch hole can be drilled in mild steel at the rate of one to one and a quarter inches a minute. An inch hole can be bored into timber with a pneu- matic auger at the rate of three to six inches a minute. How is the opening made by a torpedo closed? Its ‘general shape and size must be known. With the aid of an adjustable mold of wood, the diver indicates the general size and shape of a patch that will close, the hole. Next, the patch is constructed of steel: plates or plank- ing, lowered, and drawn into place by cables outside and inside of the hold. - To secure a patch in place, bolts are employed. Instead of patching holes and pump- ing out a ship, the salvor may decide to blow the water out of her. In other words, he opposes air-pres- sure to water-pressure, ex- actly as air-pressure is opposed to water-pressure in the diver’s dress. The first step is to brace or strengthen the decks, so © that they will not burst as a result of the airpressure. Port-holes, funnels, all the openings, are tightly closed. The next step consists in providing access to the com- partment. What is called an air-lock is applied to the cover of the hatchway. An TR bs estate Suivi as Pea a they will not collapse. And this shoring must be done in inky blackness. The openings closed and the air-lock in place, air is pumped in. The pressure of the air must be greater than that of the water. Gradually the water igs blown out through a con- venient vent, sometimes the very leak through which it entered; but the salvor usually relies upon a scup- per-pipe. Allies’ Salvage Plans That a systematic effort will be made to raise the ships that can besalved may be inferred from the fact that not only have the United States and the Allies studied the problem individ- ually, but that they have pooled their salvage facili- ties and formed a_ joint ° salvage council. Fully one quarter of the world’s ship- ping lies at the bottom of the ocean. ‘*England’s Need ’”’ When German submarine; were torpedoing ships at the rate of several hundred thousand tons a month, a German magazine published this boastful map. indicate the sunken ships. air-lock consists simply of a cham- ber that has a door communicating with the outside and a second door communicating with the hold. The diver enters and closes the outer door behind him. He then passes through the second door into the hold, and ‘closes that door behind him too; for the hold is full of compressed air which must not be allowed to escape in too great quantities. These air-pressures must be care- fully considered by the salvage engi- It looks as if someone had taken a sledge-ham- mer and tried to flatten these cans of vegetables. But it was the enormous pressure of the water and its great depth that “imploded” them. They formed part of the cargo of a torpedoed ship 58 The little marks The map serves our purpose to prove how rich is the opportunity of the salvor Ships and cargo sunk by mine and_ torpedo are worth about three billion dollars at present market | prices for labor and ma- terials. Up to date the British Salvage Department ' has salved more than 470 ships. But most of them were re- covered before they had actually sunk. Raising Ships of 2,800 Tons Before the war it was considered impossible to salve vessels of more than 1,600 tons if they lay in deep water; but since the war vessels of 2,800 tons have been raised. Most of the ships that went down were sunk in open water. It is con- sidered a feat to raise a ship in a pro- tected harbor, if she lies in a hundred feet of water. But out in the open the depth must be less than a hundred feet, particularly in a region where the winds are high and the sea rough, if salvage operations are to be successfully conducted. Only those ships which have been sunk close to shore in a more or less sheltered position are likely to be raised. The commercial risk in the open is too great.

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the nay fact the llies vid- ave cili- oint ~ one hip- on of are lion rket ma- the nent 470 - Tre- unk. ered than ater; tons lown con- pro- ina But epth dred zion high fe e to “ted. hich 2 to or tion ised. 1 the . April, 1919 When the Breakers Blew Locked in a cold-storage room, half frozen, | unheard when he pounded and pounded, he saved himself by short-circuiting the power line By Charles Magee Adams he had first gone in. Outside it was 105°; inside, freezing cold. The contrast was agreeable: so Char- lie Grant had worked on his job of installing new lamps with a sense of relief from the summer weather. But after a while he grew colder and colder. He wished that the door had not been tightly closed. But the man outside had been very careful about that, so as to keep the room cold. “Charlie worked on, pulling his jumper up around his neck, and occasionally stopping to warm his hands over a newly lit lamp. Occasionally he stopped to beat his arms against his sides to warm them. But he saw quicker relief from the cold in working fast and getting through his job and then going out again into the 105° of the street. : Five more lamps to put in. He yanked out the old i carbon filament bulbs and rapidly substituted tungstens for them. He replaced the protecting glass globes and fastened them down on the rubber gaskets and washers. Thank goodness, he was done. He gathered up his empty cartons and carbon bulbs, and took a look at the tows of lighted tungstens: every one was_ burning brightly. His task was done. So he made a bee-line for the door, almost running in his hurry. The Door Would Not Open Reaching it, he set down his cartons and old lamps and tried the lock. It would not open. Then he remem- bered that the man who had let him in had locked it purposely. The door had to be kept tightly closed and the room cold, the man had said. He would come back and let him out. Charlie rapped on the door, hoping to attract the man’s attention. But his fists on the door only gave back a heavy thud which was hardly audible. He listened for footsteps or sounds, but he could hear nothing but the far- away hum and thump of the machinery in the power- and pump-rooms. [ had been fine and cool when ~ He looked at his watch. It was just three minutes of six. He had been in there almost a half hour. Why wouldn’t that fel- low hurry? Tobe sure, he was being paid overtime, but he wanted to get home to supper. Besides, it was getting mighty cold without anything to do to warm the blood. Trapped in a Dungeon He tried to warm himself by the heat from the tungsten bulbs; but so little heat came through the outer glass that he gave it up and went A sputtering flash, followed by total darkness: he waited anxiously in the intense, bitter cold 59 ae | Up in the dynamo- room the engineer jumped up at the angry bark of the circuit-breakers’ back to the door and pounded again. No response. He looked at his watch again. It was 6:10—thirteen more minutes. His teeth chattered and the chill penetrated his scanty over- alls and jumpers. Was there no means of escape? The room was underground, and there were no windows. The ventilator-pipes that led upstairs were too small to allow him to crawl through them. Af- ter a tour of inspection he came back to the door once more. He simply must get out of that cold. Still there was no sign from the door. He pounded in an effort to keep warm, but the pounding only bruised his cold fists. He tried the lamps again in desperation, but they warmed only a couple of fingers at best. If only he had some way . bell or signal line. There was none. The only com- munication with the rest of the plant was the frost- covered ammonia-pipes and the lighting and power con- duit. He tried tapping on the pipes, but the frost deadened the blows to noth- ing. The conduits were too . firmly strapped to the walls and ceilings to carry the sounds readily. What Could He Do? What could he do? He felt that he would have to act quickly—his fingers and feet were growing numb. One of the wire ropes was just overhead—a big two- inch conduit that carried the power wires from the dynamo-room to an aux- iliary pump-room at the of attracting someone’s at-. tention! He looked for a — ; ; t ; ‘ f] |

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other end of the building. As he looked he had an inspiration. He followed the pipe along course, and finally found an iron junction-box where the small conduit for the lighting of the room branched from the big pipe. Working quickly, he © dragged up a packing-case full of frozen goods under the iron box, and with his pocket screw- driver quickly pried off the lid. The next thing was to get at the wires. But they were embedded in a hardened insu- lating compound which had been poured molten into the box. The cold had numbed and stiffened his fingers until it made him awkward. But he chipped and cut and. pried until the two big wires were visible. He Had a Plan-. It was just seven o’clock. He worked on. The lead cov- ering on the outside of the cot- ton insulation offered some dif- ficulties, for his fingers were becoming more and more clum- sy. But finally the stranded copper lay bare before him in in the bright light of the lamps. He knew that the power was on, for the pumps were run constantly. His plan was to short the circuit of the wires and thereby blow out the breaker in the dynamo-room. These circuit-breakers were little magnetic devices which automatically opened the circuit when the load on the dynamo became too heavy. By this means he could at- tract the attention of the engineer, Again he pulled out his big pliers and laid them across the wires. Another flash, and more darkness—this time permanent darkness who would look for trouble if the breakers blew too often. He pulled out his big pliers, and laid them across the two wires. A sput- tering flash. Then total darkness, « He withdrew the pliers in the cold darkness and waited. The lights glowed again in a minute. Again he Popular Science Monthly gs pressed the pliers to the wires, Another flash and then darkness. Four more times this happened in quick succession, and then darkness— permanent darkness, An Interruption Up in the dynamo-room, Burke, the engineer, was dis- turbed in his perusal of’a pop- ular magazine by the angry bark of the circuit-breakers, He rose and, pulling out the main switch, he pushed in the breaker and then threwinthe switch. He had just resumed his seat when the breaker blew again. Again he rose and re- placed the breaker and switch. Clearly there must be trouble somewhere. The plant tele- phone rang. He picked up the receiver. “What’s the matter with the power?’ asked an irate voice. “Say, Carson,” he called to a man passing the door, “give me your key to the underground room; there’s trouble on the line somewhere down there.” Carson reached for his keys. “‘There’s a man there working on the lights; ask him about it. By George!” he added. ‘‘He’s been there almost two hours. I forgot to let him out.” Moving an Invalid Without Torturmg Him Every hospital ought to have this apparatus “ HIS patient must be taken to the operating-room at once. Use that new carrier.” The surgeon at the emergency hospital turns from the groaning victim of an automobile accident to the head nurse standing by his side. A few minutes later a strong framework on cas- ters, with a superstructure consisting of two curved arms, like the davits used on vessels for lowering life- boats, is wheeled to the . side of the bed. The two arms are connected by a heavy tubular bar, from which a stretcher-frame is suspended by chains run- ning over pulleys. The stretcher-frame is lowered over the patient, with the poles of the stretcher along the sides of his body. The patient is lifted from his cot a few inches. An attendant, standing near the foot end of the apparatus, begins to turn a wheel, and the end of the stretcher, which consists of a series of flat metal strips neath the held between two layers of rubber sheeting, begins to move from the drum on which it is wound, toward the patient. It is slipped under the feet of the man. As the attendant continues to turn the wheel, the stretcher is slowly slipped under the body of the sufferer. The edges of the stretcher slide in grooves of the longitudi- nal poles of the frame. A few turns of another wheel lift the stretcher, with the patient, off the cot, and the apparatus with its load is moved to the operating-room, where the operation is reversed and the patient deposited upon the operating-table. This carrier, an invention ~*~ The stretcher slides under- of H. Vizents of Chicago, h the invalid without has been satisfactorily tried causing him unnecessary pain out in several. hospitals. °

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April, 1919 It Puts the Workman Close cold. -to the Job ¢. N those places where large pieces of ires, ] machinery are built, it is frequently ‘ell necessary to use elevated platforms or ned scaffoldings for the men who have -hen to mount or adjust the machinery Less on which they are working. These platforms or scaffolds must be very strong, and they must be easily moved and adjusted to different om. heights. The accompanying picture dis. shows an adjustable platform which Dop- : -was invented and constructed by ngry a workman in the shops of a Western cers concern engaged in the building of the machinery. ie The framework of the platform con- athe sists of pipes and fittings of different med sizes. ; The lower part of the frame- Large cakes of ice are pushed against a gang of motor-driven saws and cut into blew , work is made of six standards of heavy small square blocks; to start and stop the motor, you merely throw a switch | te pipes, connected by horizontal frames itch of the same material. The platform H ] I C . i uble proper rests upon a framework, the Z orseiess ice- utting tele- six supports of which telescope into ; : a the HY are the blocks of ice that the iceman juggles so mathematically alike i and regular in shape? They have been sawn. Usually the saws are a with pulled by horses. Now, however, machines are doing the sawing. i Pats The marking is done with an electric marker operated by one man. : Then comes the field cutter, a light, plowlike device with a circular 1 to saw operated by an electric motor carried-on a truck. Current is give ~ supplied from a power plant. To start and stop the motor you und merely throw a switch conveniently placed near the handles of the , the truck. One man can easily steer and operate the cutter. re,” This motor-driven cutter can be used on ice that would be too -eys, thin to bear the weight of a team of horses. Besides, the ice is not ‘the in danger of becoming contaminated by the horses. 3 ge!” ; _ The ice is not cut in square blocks by the field cutter, but is - } noee divided into large floats, and these are pushed against saws. ut.” Carrying Light to the Farmer NE of the main reasons for the growing demand for electric lights in farm-houses far removed from any source of elec- tricity is the progressiveness of the dealers selling portable farm- \ lighting apparatus. Instead of making the farmer go several miles i to town to see such equipment, some of the big dealers actually the take the equipment to him by means of a delivery motor-car, and | trips start the apparatus running so that he may judge of its merits M4 web: . right in his own home. ! lent. a In some instances the ‘ the oe Paes he equipment is left in the i the = vs sgpome3 B grt truck, and wires simply led i “a used by aibiony athlon to the dining-room of the } 2 on tall machines farm-house. In others the 1 the equipment, which usually i The consists. of a small gasoline i slide ae the. corresponding stand- engine, a generator, and the 4 udi- ards of the lower frame- necessary switches or panel- i awed ; work. board, is temporarily set up gz ther The platform can be in the house and left for i with : raised or lowered by wire one or two nights so that the cot, cables running over pulleys, farmer may become inti- , with and operated by a winch mately acquainted with it. i the provided with a _ band- Because of the great speed the brake. of the light motor-truck, t and S The whole structure rests many farms can be visited if ipon upon big casters, which make in a week, and greatly in- : It possible to move the creased sales have resulted mn platform to any point where _ Jai en from this modern automo- _ It may be needed by the Salesmen for farm-lighting apparatus motor their tive method of merchan- workman. wares to prospective buyers whose farms are distant dising. | 61

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Popular Science M onthly ta Creation’s Dawn at the Merry-Go-Round Zoo How the animals that children love are started on their dizzy career Carrousel animals are built up gradua'ly — body first; head, arms, legs, and taillater. Here Eyes are not glued but wedged into a socket smaller than the eye isa head in the making. It was built up of blocks of pop'ar wood glued together and then cut out in profile on a band- saw. It has just been turned over to the carver, who is ham- mering out hair, teeth, eye- sockets, and other things by means of his mallet and chisel These lions are getting their last coat of paint before starting out in the world. In spite of their ferocious faces, their job is tame —simply whirling round until they fall apart with age wos ep These gilded wooden tigers are bi ie not going to bite anybody. They can’t—they have lockjaw ane Carrousel horses are a lively crowd of high- steppers. They either gallop along, frothing at the mouth, or trot briskly, head down, straining at the bit, feet high in air. It’s a wonder the hostler is able to varnish them The body is cut out in profile on a band-saw. Head, legs, and tail all have pegs which fit into holes in the body. When all appendages are -finished they. .are attached, and the body is then carved to suit A store-room full of impatient animals waiting to be drafted into service. The cats up front (yes, they are cats) are equipped with a square meal. The rest of them will have , to fish for themselves Popular Science Mont

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April, 1919 : : Making the Wireless Talk Faster Several messages can co ve now be sent at one 2er time from a single mast Photographs © International Film Service By means of multiplex radio-telegraphy, sev- eral different messages may be sent and receiv- ed at the same time. Perforating each mes- sage on a roll of oil- paper tape constitutes the initial operation a ra Besides the transmitter, the operator has a standard receiving outfit. Four or more of them are connected with a receiving aerial separate from the one used for transmitting. By manipulat- ing the knobs on the receivers, each man can select a different message The perforations are a series of dots in double rows. Each series represents a letter of the alpha- bet. An electric motor feeds the tape through the “transmitter,” where metal fingers feel the tape and pass through such holes as they find to make electric con- tacts, closing the radio circuit faster than could be done by hand y yy President Wilson used the multi- i plex system on his voyage to France. Secretary Daniels is here shown preparing a message to Admiral Sims es = 1 of 1als fted i HY cats v The four multiplex equipments H r are shown above are in the Navy De- | 4 with partment at Washington, D. C. { The They sometimes send out two have , hundred words a minute. While i ves flashed from one aerial, the mes- | Sages are “tuned” differently

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possibility. The gather-binder and the harvester have made the hemp crop pay from $40 to $60 an acre How to Make the Hemp Crop More Profitable EFORE the year 1917, very little machinery was in existence that could be used with profit in har- vesting hemp. A hand hemp-hook could be used to cut about an acre aday, but at that rate the crop was not sufficiently profitable to induce the farmer to plant extensively. Then the agricultural machinery manufacturers came forward and brought out the harvester dnd the gather- binder. The harvester cuts the hemp close to the ground to preserve as much of the stalk as possible, and then spreads the stalks in regular rows, to be left on the ground for two or three weeks. While the stalks are thus spread out, a partial decomposition called “retting’’ begins, and this aids in the separation of the fiber. The United States hemp crop for 1917 had an acreage of 50,000 and produced approximately 50,000,000 pounds of fiber. quick exit. the roof of the tunnel. . To prevent interference with traffic, this surveyor attached his instrument to the tunnel roof Anyone who has ever seen a surveyor set up his transit Will appreciate the difficulties under which his work wag done. Just as the operator would get the instrument carefully leveled, there would sound a sharp whistle, and the man and his instrument would have to makeg ! At last a novel plan was hit upon by which both traffie — and surveying could proceed with very little interference, The transit was simply used upside down, attached to ~ Blocks of wood, inserted in the *” roof at intervals of about two hundred feet, were used ag sockets to which the transit could be attached. The ins strument then hung down within a foot of a passing train, clearance enough to save the transit. And the surveyor? Well, he had to trust to his own acrobatic skill. Of course, all this was not’ { so easy as the mere telling of it. It is astonishing how ~ have to do it just backward. The bear in mind that even the leveling screws must be turn- verse direction. Then, the bub- ble in the spirit- level had an an- noying way of hiding itself, so that its tube had to be re- versed just to ac- commodate the laws of gravity. In spite of all, this surveyor completed his job. Roads, Like Shoes, Polished by Cloth OMPE'ofthe concrete road- making inventions ap- pear to the casual observer like huge boot-blacking ma- chines. Slowly, back and forth, a big belt is dragged across the cement surface, smoothing and finishing it in much the same manner that a shoe is polished. A tamping device with an upéand-down movement pounds the concrete into a solid mass and squeezes out the excess moisture. A long, hard stroke is used at first, followed by a short, rapid movement that subjects the concrete to continuous agita- This self-propelled machine arches, pounds, or tamps the concrete, and smooths it with a belt 64 tion without pressure. An arch-shaped scraper of strike- off gives the desired contour to the road-bed as the ma- chine moves forward under its own power. In speeding up road-build- ing this machine has proved a success. A concrete with- out excess of water can be used, whereas with the hand- roller process a slight excess Popular Science Monthly. When Surveying Must be Done Upside Down HEN an electric light company was constructing two cable tunnels near Boston, the ordinary methods of surveying had to be dispensed with on account of interference with construction trains and other traffic, The diameter of these tunnels is only seven feet; hence the complete avoidance of traffic interference was an im. 2 ES a ~~ ed complicated our work becomes when we surveyor had to ed in the re-- of water has to be used to keep the concrete from get- ting too stiff to work. Since an excess of water tends to reduce the strength of con- crete, the new method should prove desirable.

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April, 1919 ‘ Even Pearl-less Oyster-Shells Are Valuable Photographs © Underwood & Underwood This is a pile of oysters. The oysters will be canned and the shells burned, for burned oyster- shells make excellent fertilizer Oysters are raked up from the bot- tom of the sea. Their shells have just become valuable because of the nitrate discovered in them Se a — —————— This is how the shells look after they have been through the fire. The wheel- barrow will take them to a conveyor which will send them to the pulverizer Finding Valuable Food in Beet-Sugar Waste FTSHERE are many ,kinds of beets, and they have just as many uses. We are all familiar with the garden variety which we eat as a vegetable or in salad. The sugar-beet has been grown for its sugar alone, and has been so well cultivated that it js just as valuable as cane-sugar if you compare ay of 30 that . be re- tO ace e laws 1 spite rveyor ob. uary, when the sugar factories are running at full blast, tens of thou- sands of cattle and sheep from the ranges of Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and adjoining States where ranching is a great industry are shipped into the sugar factory sections and there fattened for mar- e, An one ton of beet root with | strike- one ton of sugar-cane. _ ‘f ontour Immense quantities of — i he mae refuse from sugar-beet fac- Thousadds of hunery under tories in the Western sheep are shipped to sugar i States, formerly con- a factory sections each year 4 -build- sidered waste, -are now me \ 1 proved fed to cattle and sheep as Cnet || ket on sugar-beet pulp. ; 2 with- a fattening ration. The Me Ue A valuable feature is ; can be pulp of sugar-beets re- | the recent discovery that if > hand- maining after the sugar eee i the pulp, because of its excess has been extracted looks mushiness, is especially : ised to | something like sauerkraut. adapted as a feed for old ! m get- It has been found to have sheep. Old ewes are com- ; Since about the same content as monly afflicted with bad | ends to corn silage, except that it teeth, or ' broken-down r of con- contains more water and é A mouths,’ as sheepmen call " should not quite so much carbo- — a Mg NLS a in it, and find difficulty in if hydrates. In December and Jan- Carting sugar-beet pulp to the cattle-ranges. It is now recognized as a fine fattener for cattle, and is especially adapted to old sheep 65 eating the tough forage grasses of the plains. -

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i { ’ And Great Will Be the Fall Thereof "[Seo0ca all the years this rock has been pre- cariously poised on a base the greatest dimen- sion of which is twenty-six inches. Excellent work on the part of its center of gravity is responsible for Perhaps some day said center of gravity will make a misstep and the rock will go keeping it there. tumbling down the hillside. | Until then curious tourists- will continue to climb hundreds of feet in order to see it. Ap- propriately situated in the “Gar- den of the Gods,” it overlooks the Platte Canyon. This gigantic rock of red granite weighs about fifty-seven tons. If you doubt its im- mensity, look carefully at the lower right-hand corner of the rock, and you will see a very small lady and a dog—small when compared with the rock under which they rest. It were well to be far away when this giant starts rolling. Here’s a Non-Raisable Pocket Check-Bsok ECAUSE of the unfortunate check-raising habit among certain ungrateful receivers of checks, an effective machine was invented in which checks for $5 were punched with a “Do not pay over $5” sign, and so on. A check-protector of this kind is undoubtedly very valuable, but it is too heavy to be carried around. How can a check be protected without this machine? Very easily. A patent check that covers amounts up to three hundred dollars is contained in a patent check-book cover of soft leather. By holding the end of the cover above the amount for which the eheck is drawn, the check can be torn straight across. Farmers and Merc! street-level. A Boiler of Tremendous Size ATHER a large boiler-head is this. It is more than twice the height of the man standing beside it. The actual diameter of this enormous object is thirteen feet, and a single plate 1 3/16 inches thick Was used in its construction. A number of these boiler-heads are ia made at Port- land, Me., for the East Coast Fisheries Company for use on their large trawlers. It is the type that is being used on the Sea Bird, the Pelican, the Crane and other big steam trawlers. This particular boiler-head is said to be the largest ever constructed from a single plate in this country. It was necessary to use a specially designed car for the purpose of transporting it to its destination. That Really Economical Rustic Touch yo a certain New Jersey town was still a wilderness, a trusting man bought one of its lots. Later, when streets were cut through in the process of civilizing the town, the trusting one found that part of his lot was far below the Popular Science Monthly ’ | He had built his house on a high spot, and there- fore a small valley existed be- tween the house and the street. To fill this in would have been very expensive, and to build steps leading down from the street to a path below, very ugly. So, instead the economical artistic owner built a charming cheap bridge across the gap. Both bridge and house are pretty, though not at all suited - to each other. The house is an up-to-date cement affair with a businesslike chimney in front. The bridge is an old-fashioned rustic one and would be much more at home in the woods. A Pipe of Parts for the Chronic Smoker "THe dribbling of infancy has its revival in the adult pipe- smoker. He may be shocked at the idea, but the condition of a smoker’s pipe after a few healthy smokes proves it. From the pipe-stem oozes a_ disgusting liquid—half nicotine, half saliva. People who object to the re- sulting messy pipe-cleaning pro- cess, take courage! Here is a pipe that never gets itself into this condition. Its tip is provided with a draft and drain arrange- ment, so that when the smoker dribbles saliva into it, the drain promptly swallows it. The lack of moisture keeps the tobacco from drying in the pipe, and the resultant cleanli- ness eliminates unpleasant odors. This pipe has all the virtues of an ordinary pipe and none of its failings.

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f its the one the nere- | be- reet. been steps et to So, tistic heap are ited ° is an ith a ront. oned nuch the has pipe- od at of a althy the sting liva. e re- pro- pipe this yided ange- 10ker drain ceeps 1 the 2anli- dors. of an pipe of its April, Tip Your Hat in Comfort FTER you have gal- lantly tipped your hat to someone, and put it back on your head with a flourish, there are usually twodentswhere you grabbed it. Sheepishly you take it off again, punch it out, and reshape it. Two Englishmen of the name of Jones were so un- Animal, Mineral, or Vegetable? ‘THs one-eyed monster is another world mys- tery. It must have existed or the photograph could not have been taken, but no one knows just what it is. The roughness of its surface and its peculiar conformation suggest that it may be a stone. But the comfortable because of this propensity of soft hats that they invented a hat- © Kadel & Herbert United States Geological Survey, which knows all about stones, doesn’t seem to think so, and refers us shape retainer. Two wings of thin sheet- - metal shaped to the con- tour of the front of the hat are attached to a cen- tral spring hinge. The whole is fastened to the front of the inside of the hat. You grab your hat where the metal is—it gives to the touch. But when you put your hat back on your’head and let go, the wings snap back in place. The Largest Anchor on the Largest Ship ‘THE Vaterland, rechristened the Leviathan, is one of the few large undertakings of Germany that turned out successfully. It is so large and moves so swiftly that it carried enough American soldiers abroad to finish up the war. This must have been bitter news for the Kaiser and his U-boat captains. Large ships need large anchors, and the Leviathan has surely got one, as the illustration shows. The man who is painting the side of the vessel looks as if he belonged in “‘Gulliver’s Travels’? when we compare him with the anchor. But the trouble is with the anchor: it is so much larger than the anchors we know. It is undoubtedly an excellent anchor, but it has had very little chance to prove its worth to America, for the Leviathan has been so busy in the past year or two that she has had no time to rest. to botanists, suggesting that it may be an oak puff- ball.’ Now, we _ should much prefer to believe that it once lived on earth. One can plainly see an eye, a nose, and a mouth, so perhaps it is a petrified animal of yore. If the eye were in the center we might claim that it is the mummified head of the giant Cyclops, who lived in Sicily centuries ago. ‘when traveling. Everything Is Reversed on This Locomotive Giant of the West GoME of the big locomotives of the West are completely reversed, so far as their parts are concerned. The engineer’s cab is at the front and the boiler behind it. The illustration makes the arrangement clear. The fuel for this engine is oil, and hence - the engineer is one of those happy men who ‘do not get cin- ders in their eyes He leads a jolly life amid ‘his lev- ers and automat- ic devices for con- trolling the train. ‘7 Although the locomotive is one of the largest of what is known as the Mallet type, yet the operation is less arduous than in the case = of a smaller en- gine. The reason for this is the fact that many of the control levers, which in the smaller.types have to be shifted by hand, are operated by steam in the Mallet. These mammoth locomotives are used on the Southern Pacific Railway on the route over the Sierra Nevada Mountains in California, where the grades are steep and immense tractive power is required. Like huge puffing, panting giants, these great machines rush yp the long moun- tainous slopes, hauling the heavy trains as if they were mere toys. To take the eurves readily, the loco- motives are jointed or articulated in such a way that there is ‘a certain amount of bending movement. This is made neces- sary in very long engines, even though there is the usual pivoting upon the trucks. : ‘The radius of the sharpest curve on a railroad has to be known be- fore the design of ‘such locomo- tives can proceed very far, and the exact amount of every bend in the Southern Pacific lines was taken fullyintoaccount in the present in- stance.

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In a railroad accident, a freight engine demonstrated the strength of concrete by crossing and not cracking it This Pavement Refused to Break N example of the remarkable strength of concrete paving was shown in a dramatic manner by a wreck that occurred at Provo, Utah, early in October of last year. The Salt Lake & Utah Railroad and the Denver & Rio Grande cross at right angles at Provo. At the time of the wreck the Salt Lake interurban train was speeding past arapidly approaching heavy freight on the Denver & Rio Grande. The heavy freight engine struck the front platform of the rear coach on the other road, derailing both trains. m The 65-ton freight locomotive, with the 28-ton coach on its pilot, described an arc of a circle for a distance of about forty feet across the concrete. The freight engine had brakes set and wheels sliding, and the wheel flanges scored the cement for the entire dis- were developed during the tance. The paving was not broken through, nor even cracked at a single point. The cement is seven inches thick, but it is not reinforced, while the sub-base at the place where the accident oc- curred is close to an old river channel and is the poorest in the city. In clearing the wreck, a locomotive was coupled to the rear of the freight and the freight engine was hauled back across the path it had taken when derailed. Notwithstand- ing this double test of the strength of ma- terials, the concrete re- mained practically as it was before. Popular Science Me He Turned His Skates into Tanks VEN skates can be made _ into very goodtanks. That is what was done by the youngster whose product is shown in connection with this article. Ordinary roller skates and a few pieces of tin were the mate- rials. The side pieces. reach to within a quar- ter of an inch of the ground, and almost disguise the fact that the rollers of the skates are the real rollers of the twin tanks. There is very much more amusement derived from the use of tanks than could possibly be obtained from just plain roller skates, Anyone who hag watched the performance of the two types will admit that this is true. Chiefly there is the fact that the tanks make the other boys envious. This device, so far as we are aware, has not been pat- ented. Some day youngsters like ‘this young in- ventor will be taking out pat- ents on their in- ventions. The engineering edu- cation of such boys is only just beginning. © Kadel & Herbert © Kadel & Herbert A boy with a few bits of tin can transform 4 pair of roller- skates into tanks present war than were ever attempted in previous wars; and, as the target is fre- quently hidden from the gunners, various systems of observing and signaling the results of firing were tried by representatives of the various governments. The United States used the dirigible balloon to good purpose, in connection with signals made with canvas by the gunners on the ground. Observers on the ground near the enemy informed the war balloons by signal where the shells struck, and How Uncle Sam Aimed His Artillery HE great guns which the United States made and used so effectively during the war were aimed by special methods gradually developed by experience. Greater ranges the gunners were then directed to change the elevation, correct the horizontal angle, or fire as before. used their canvas markers in replying to balloon signals. The gunners A balloon observer must © International Film Service These men are using strips of white cloth in replying to signals from a United States observation balloon 68 be well trained, and an ex- pert in both aviation and artillery. He must under- stand the making of mili- tary maps also, and the more artistic he is the better. Many excellent men were developed from among the vast number who applied for training in this highly interesting service. Uncle Sam’s artillery ser- vice was second to none, and the men in it showed remarkable aptitude in tak- ing up new problems and solving them in a satis- factory manner.

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erbert | of the e twin sement s than m just ho hag he two 3 true. 2 tanks aware, en pat- me day s like ng in- jill be it pat- 1eir in- The ig edu- such ily just bert th a F s6tin rm 3 oller- ranks vation, unners mals. r must an ex- on and under- : f mili- 1e more better. n were ng the applied highly Ty ser- / none, showed in tak- ns and satis- ‘April, 1919 _. Hurling a Man to the Moon How could a lunar Columbus break the grip of gravitation and reach the nearest heavenly body? What kind of motor would he use? How much power would it take? By Waldemar Kaempffert and A. J. Lorraine moon-—-240,000 miles away. How ean I bridge that awful chasm? Others have asked that question of themselves before me. Most of them have been novelists or scientific ro- mancers. I am not a novelist, but an engineer, and it is as an engineer that I ask myself the question. Two hundred and forty thousand miles! The distance alone seems hope- less. And yet, the distance that I must traverse gives me little concern. If I could take an express train I could easily reach the moon in six months. If I could use a fast airplane, a_ 120-mile-an-hour fighting-machine, it would be a matter of only three months before I beheld at cldse range the scarred and pitted surface of the moon. The Distance Is Not the Important Thing "Toon in the heavens shines the Two hundred and forty thousand miles are nothing. The captain of the fastest transatlantic steamer covers as many miles once every three years; the conductor of a speedy railway train in even less time. No, it is not distance that perplexes me, but a barrier more formidable than Suppose it were possible for you ogi» tostand between — . two stars. The side that you presented to the sun would be exposed to his blaze, while the dark side would be frozen all the ice and snow, all the gnawing cold that guards the approach to the earth’s poles. What is it—this barrier? Nothing—absolutely nothing.’ I am not trying to dismiss it by calling it nothing; for when I refer to ‘“‘nothing”’ I mean the utter void of interstellar space. To be sure, the physicists say that the space between the stars is oc- cupied by the ‘‘ether.’’ That does not make the'void any less a void for my practical engineering purpose. You will understand my predica- ment better if you consider the means that we employ to move ourselves about mechanically on the earth. Every transporting vehicle that we use. reacts in some way on its environment. The locomotive grips rails by friction. The balloon is buoyed up by the sur- rounding atmosphere. I find that the greatest height ever attained by a man in a balloon is 35,420 feet. Beyond a certain height a gas-bag will not rise; there is not enough air. It can no more leave the atmosphere and float about in empty space than a fish can leave the water and sail in the air. I am trying merely to make the point that, just as the locomotive needs rails or an automobile a road, so a balloon needs air. Between the : * * stars there is no air—only that baffling void. The airplane serves me no better than a balloon. It, too, reacts upon its en- vironment. What keeps it up? Pressure beneath its wings—air-pressure. Hence, like the balloon, it can go so high, and no higher. I find that the altitude record for an air- plane is -30,500 “feet, made recently by an American aviator, Cap- a plane cannot fly. I re- peat: there is no air be- tween the stars. It is clear that all the propulsive. engines that man uses to transport himself from place to place on the earth are useless for my purpose. Like man himself, they are earth-bound. I must ’ east about for radically different means of loco- motion—some mechan- 69 tain Lang. Without air - There in the heavens shines the moon—two hundred and forty thousand miles away. How can I bridge that awful chasm? ism that is independent of any reaction on its environment. Jules Verne once wrote a novel, “From the Earth to the Moon,” in which he tried to reason with something like scientific sobriety that a gun might propel a man to the moon. He liter- ally shot his hero through 240,000 miles of space. Willa huge gun answer my purpose? Is There Any Limitation to Gravity? In the first place, I must consider gravity. It ties us to the earth as if by an elastic band. Throw a stone up into the air, or fire a shell from an anti- aircraft gun. The stone or the shell rises to a certain point, and then it falls back as if it were pulled down by a stretched spring. Now, an elastic band or a stretched spring - has its limitations.. If. we strain it beyond a certain point it snaps. Is there anything correspond- ing in the case of gravity? I know that the analogy must not be pressed’ too closely. But this is true: If I could shoot a projectile from a gun with a greater and greater velocity, a point would ultimately be reached when, instead of returning to the earth, the - projectile would continue to travel on an independent course through space. A Shot Fired from. the North Pole I am dealing now with measurable forces. Huge guns have been built, and their muzzle velocities. are known. Suppose I were to mount a gun at the North Pole and fire my shot at a sufficient altitude to clear all obstacles. What muzzle velocity would I have to attain so that if I were shot out, safely encased in a projectile, I would never fall back to the earth? | | | 2 se page me a

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* of that required to hurl The calculation is simple enough. What is the result?. Twenty-six thou- sand.feet per second would have to ~be the speed of the projectile in which Iam housed when it leaves the gun. I would keep on traveling in a circle around the globe. Indeed, I would become a satellite of the earth—a living moon. The Projectile Would Become a Satellite If I could illuminate the projectile in which I sit, you would see me rising every one and a half hours at the horizon; you would see me traveling across the sky in about forty- _ five minutes, and setting at the op- posite point of the horizon. . I would be a busy little moon; for I would rise and set as many as eight times in a twelve-hour night. But I do not want to travel per- petually around the earth., I want to reach the moon. Hence my muzzle velocity must be greater than 26,000 feet per second. [If it is somewhat greater, my path, as I sit in my pro- jectile, would at first be drawn out into an oblong, or ellipse. Still, at regular intervals, I would always re- turn to my starting-point. I find that I must increase my velo- city to about 37,000 feet (seven miles) a second if I am to leave the earth in my projectile for good and all and to travel forever farther and farther away from it. It is as if the elastic band were torn: gravity no longer confines me and my projectile to an orbit around the earth. Thirty-seven. thousand feet a sec- ond! It is stupendous. Can I attain it? Let us see what has actually been done by some of our big modern guns. What are some of the records? Our fourteen-inch naval’ guns, which in the great world war were mounted upon. railway, trucks and leveled at the German army, fired shells with a speed of 2,800°feet a second. A six-inch wire-wound experimental gun tested at Sandy Hook attained a muzzle velocity of 3,850 feet a second. It had but a short life. No doubt the highest muzzle velocity ever attained was that of the 75-mile gun with which the Germans bombarded Paris. Artillery Officers _ have estimated that the initial velocity of its shell © must have been from 5,000 to 5,500 feet.a second—only one seventh me to the moon. That German gun represents the limit of our present tech- nical resources, so far as gun-making is concerned. But not yet will I aban- don the idea of reaching the moon by shooting my- self from the earth. If one “gun carries seventy-five miles, how far will two guns carry? I am not trying to joke; this is no facetious application of the rule of three. I find in the patent records of the United States and other countries more than one such method of thus multiplying the power of guns in order to increase the range. Over and over again inventors have suggested that it may be possible to fire a gun within a gun. Such is the timing arrangement that when the projectile—that is to say, the inner gun —has reached a certain point, it in turn is fired, and the shell projected | from it proceeds with a new velocity to its destination. If two guns, one within the other, should prove prac- ticable, why not three, five, eight, or a dozen? This is precisely what a French army officer, writing in the Revue du Ciel, proposes (not very seriously, it is true) as the expedient to be adopted in an imaginary war between the earth and the moon. He assumes an initial velocity of 12,300-feet a second, which, he thinks, is within the limits of pos- sibility. in the future. His projectile consists of twelve shells, one within the other—and the final bullet. Will guns within guns transport me to the moon? How big must the pro- jectiles—the guns—be? How much powder must I use? I make the cal- culation. What is this? In order finally to land a paltry 16-pound shot on ‘the moon, no less than eight tons of projectile must be fired! There is no need to calculate the explosive necessary. A Ray of Hope in the Sky-Rocket I see that guns within guns will avail me nothing. Moreover, only the last shot, that hopelessly inade- quate 16-pound piece of steel, would reach the moon. The rest. of. the eight tons would come tumbling back to earth with a terrific velocity. Look out for your head! It is very evident that I cannot reach the moon by the gun route. « And, even if it were possible, I would be crushed to a pulp by the terrific im- pact at the moment of departure. A machine-gun mounted on a small railway flat- car would be able to kick itself backward, away from its target, by firing a steady stream of bullets. So a sky-rocket might kick itself to the moon 70 But I am not yet discouraged. 4 distinguished French aeronautical en- — gineer, Robert Esnault-Pelterie, sug_~ gests that I use a sky-rocket. What is it that makes a _ sky-rocket leave the earth? It is not its reaction upon the air, as many suppose, but rather the recoil from its discharge. A ma- chine-gun mounted on a small railway flat-car would be able to kick itself — - backward,.away from its target, by” firing a steady stream of bullets. A A sky-rocket might kick itself to the moon. Some years ago, Rodman Law, the venturesome brother of the famous ee woman flyer Ruth Law, actually tried to fly with a sky-rocket of huge propor- tions. He did not get very far, but he lived to tell the tale. Round Trip to the Moon in One Hundred Hours In a gun the explosive force is ap- plied very suddenly; the blast lasts scarcely 1-100 part of a second, and it deals a crushing blow to the projectile. — Esnault-Pelterie calculates that in a sky-rocket big enough to reach the moon the motive force is applied for about twenty-five minutes. In that time an elevation of about 3,600 miles is reached. After that the car travels on by its own momentum without further application of power. This second stage of the journey occupies i something over forty-eight hours. If»: the sky-rocket principle is practical — at all, I ought to be able to reach the moon and to come back again in one hundred hours. How much power doesit take? This — : time I do not have to make the calcu- lation myself. Esnault-Pelterie has already done that. And what does he tell me? No less than 414,000 horse- . This is allowing © a weight of about one ton for the ' The work of power are required! car and its contents. carrying mé away from the earth’s attraction by means of a sky-rocket ‘ figures. out as nearly 7, 000 calories for each pound lifted. That is quite beyond .the possibili- ties of any known explosive—dynamite, nitroglycerine, or T.N.T. The most terrific compounds used in the great war are not terrific enough to propel even their own weight over the 240,000 milesthat must be covered to reach the moon, not to mention my weight, the weight of my food, and the weight of all the machinery in my car. But there is one sub- stance that does contain sufficient energy for my purpose, and that is radi- Popular Science Monthly um. Locked up within a few pounds of it is all the energy that I need. His was a successful failure. & ts bas .

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What Happens When Gravitation Ceases to Act? “What would be the effect upon me if gravity were removed, and rémoved it would be at a point some thousands of miles away from the.moon?... “This is certain: as I approach the moon I will have the sensation of falling headlong through space—a terrifying sensation, which it might be impossible to counteract by the force of the will.... In the absence of hand-rails or straps, I should very likely sooner or later find myself sprawling in mid-air, unable to move my body from place to place in the car” x Eee ree

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—— 2A NE RU An Ho on ea alt i But how can I release it at the rate that I demand? It stubbornly refuses to give out even one half of its energy in less than 2,200 years! If I could hasten the process! Man has har- nessed steam, electricity, waterfalls. Can he wnharness the energy of radi- um? Some day he will, perhaps, and then a bold man may go sky-rocketing to the moon, I can picture to myself some of the excitement of that journey, and some of the strange technical problems that must be solved. Being an earthly reature, I must breathe air. Since there is no air between the earth and thé moon, with the exception of what little we find in our own atmosphere, I must carry my air with me in the form of compressed oxygen. That will be the least of my difficulties; oxygen-tanks are now an indispensable part of every submarine’s equipment. It will be far more difficult to cope with the cold. Brave explorers have frozen to death in the Arctic and Antarctic wilderness. But the cold that they suffered is as nothing com- pared with the cold that I must endure. Where there is nothing there can be no temperature. But for practical purposes it is safe to say that the temperature of interstellar space must be several hundred degrees below zero. But that is not all. Heat, too, must be overcome—the heat of the sun. It seems paradoxical thus to mention intense cold and intense heat in the same breath. But heat, in this case, manifests itself when the radiant en- ergy of the sun strikes its target. Sup- pose it were possible for you to stand between two stars. The side that you present to the sun would be exposed to his blaze, the dark side frozen. To main- tain a suitable temperature, you will have to provide covers onthe shady side to keep in the heat, and absorbing surfaces on the sunny side to [absorb all you can. Esnault-Pelterie believes that this object can be attained by pro- viding the car with a proper arrange- ment of light-absorbing (black) surfaces turned toward the sun and light-reflect- ing surfaces (mirrors) turned away from ’ the sun. I seat myself in the sky-rocket car. How Does It Feel When Gravitation is Removed? Like every other living or- ganism, man has adapted him- self to his environment. Remove me from my environment, and I perish. Without air I cannot breathe. Can I do _ without gravity? What would be the effect upon me if gravity were removed—and removed it would be at a point a few thousand miles away from the moon? I cannot walk, or. stoop, or write, or lift even so much as an eyelid without being influenced by gravitation. I weigh 150 pounds, which means that gravitation is pulling me down by that amount. Can I safely endure the removal of a force which every moment of my life ceaselessly acts Rodman Law actually tried to fly with a sky-rocket of huge proportions upon me, and to which I have become so accustomed that I no longer heed it? For aught I know, the organs of my body—my lungs, my heart—are mys- teriously dependent on gravitation. It is certain that they would have de- veloped differently if I were not the plaything of that ever-present force. If gravitation were to cease to act, would this not play havoc with my system? This is certain: As I ap- proach the moon I will have the sen- sation of falling headlong through space—a terrifying sensation, which it might be impossible to counteract by the force of the will. Popular Science M onthly In any case, the ordinary methods — of moving about would forsake me.” Walking would be impossible. Were the car provided with suitable straps and hand-rails, I could use these to pull myself from place to place. In the absence of such aids, I should be strangely ‘helpless. I should very likely sooner or later find myself sprawling in mid-air, unable to move my body from place to place in the car, having nothing to hold on to, and no gravitation to draw me back to the floor. It is true that if there is air in the car I might propel myself back- ward by blowing with my mouth, or forward by actually swimming in the air by moving my hands and feet, Tables, chairs, instruments, tools which were not fastened down would be jumbled in chaotic fashion. The wrench with which I tighten a nut, if I release my grip, would not fall, but hang uncannily in space. It might perhaps be necessary to arrange things so that I should at least have the sen- sation that gravitation was still acting. This could be done by regulating the speed of the projectile, but only at the expense of much power. After All, I Belong on the Earth Lastly, there is the difficulty of stopping this sky-rocket, which has been hurled from the earth with a velocity of over seven miles. Brakes of some kind must be applied. Esnault- Pelterie calculates that in the last four minutes of the journey to the moon the motor must be reversed. And, when I reach the moon, dare I leave the car and walk about on that airless, dead body—that planetary cinder? Even with a tank of oxygen strapped to my back and with a breathing-mask on my face, I might court death. The moon is cold—bitter cold—cold with the coldness of inter- planetary space. May I leave my heated car and brave a temperature low enough to freeze the lightest gas? And the blinding, fiercely glowing sun —TI must brave that too; for a man on the moon is exactly in the predicament of a man poised in interplanetary space. There the sun hangsin thesky, a sky not like ours, white and Rodman Law’s attempt to go up in a sky- rocket was a successful failure. He did not go very far, but he lived to tell the tale 72 blue, but a terrible sky, jet-black even at midday, a sky pricked even at high noon with the stars that we on the earth see only at night. I am walking in a land of dazzling high-lights and black — shadows. It seems like some im- possible nightmare. would be so harrowing an ex- perience that I would surely rush back to my car, pull the starting lever of my radium en- gine, and hurl myself back to earth, where I belong. One minute on the moon _.-

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raps ould very yself nove Car, d no the ‘ir in ack- - uth, ig in feet. tools ould The nut, , but night hings . sen- ting. r the t the y of | has ith a and -black ricked 2 stars » only nd of black © ne im- moon _. - an eX- surely ll the im en- ick to -present-day aerials when one

April, 1919 Will This Do Away with the Radio Tower? Arguments for and against a new wireless apparatus HAT it is possible to do away with matter whether both. messages are ¢ % expensive concrete and steel wire- meant for that station or not. less towers is believed by the supporters Still another result claimed for the of a recently announced radio system Rogers-Lyon system is its compara- patented by Messrs. James Rogers’ tive freedom from static disturb- and Henry Lyons of Hyattsville, Md. _ ances, another bane of the radio Instead of suspending a number of operator. parallel wires at a distance above the The antenna of the new sys- ground, one wire is stretched in a tem being underground and in a ditch a few feet below the earth’s surface, another wire being laid in a second conduit in the opposite direction. There are said to be several advantages besides the obvious one of decreased expense. An interesting electrical effect is made manifest in the system’s tendency to direct the messages transmitted in a direction at right angles to the buried wires. Evidently it is necessary only to lay pairs of wires in different directions around the compass, and it will be possible to use just that pair which will send the message in the direction desired. This action, it is claimed, will lessen the inter- ference caused with the

message comes in right after another, which continually hap- pens in receiving stations, no encase 0) GENERATOR ._ 4 GAD ATRANSFORMER cae

The inventor, James Harris Kogers, and the wire- less apparatus in his house, by which he has received messages from Paris, Rome, and Berlin oe ANTENNA SUPPORTED ON LUGS IN CONDUITS A portable outfit for receiving and sending wireless messages by an underground route different plane from the sus- pended aerial, the effect of lightning is said to be, at most only a click in the receivers. These for the advantages. The disadvantages voiced by the “opposition” are, first, that the sending and receiv- ing distances are cut down, making it necessary to em- ploy more powerful sending outfit and more sensitive receiving equipments. They also point out that, while electric lightning storms may not affect the underground wireless so much, one would only be exchanging one source of trouble for another, since stray earth currents caused by electric storms will now be heard more strongly than ever in the instruments. Again, the ordinary aerial can be made to direct its messages as well as this one. Whether we can omit the wireless tower, therefore, seems dubious. Teaching Women to Read the Meter ETER reading is one of the war-born jobs for women figureis 0. The complete reading is 819 kilowatt-hours. that are likely to survive the war, and many of the electric lighting companies have started schools to train girls to read the dials. The capable-looking young person in our picture is manipulating the meter dials before a class in one of these schools. The figures are arranged clock- wise on some of the dials and anti-clockwise on the others, an arrangement that calls for close observation to prevent mistakes. Probably the average reader would say that the indicator on the left is point-

ing to 1, and yet it is not sufficiently near to the figure 2 to read 18. As the second indicator is pointing to 8, we conclude that the first

This young woman is learning to read the meter dials in the school-room of a large electric company 73

The girl students are given a three days’ course in meter readings of this character, and then start to work as professional readers, accom- panied by an expert until the theories learned in the school ~ can be applied accurately in practice. Learning a pro- fession in three days seems like pretty rapid progress; and yet, the students become very proficient. The instructor of the school discourses quite largely upon the ‘hardships of the work; and when he is through with his-talk quite a number of the pupils become quitters. The examination weeds out some more, but those that are left stick to their jobs just as tenaciously as do the men.

ili ici iii Sl ES So ti ici

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Leyte ae ee. ‘ thirty yards by When an Airplane Perches on the Roof It’s a sign that the day when all of us will fly is not far off ARIS is familiar enough with the roar of airplane But the roar that it heard soon after midday on January 19 last was so much louder than ehgines. anything that it had ever heard be- fore, so obviously in the midst of the city, that it rushed from its cafés and its houses and looked up at the sky. Then it understood why this partic- ular roar was different from anything to which it had been accustomed by German air raids. * A biplane was skimming the chim- neys. Never had a machine flown so low over the city. Surely, thought Paris, the pilot must be in peril. .No sane man would dare to take such chances. ae Ps Then a wonderful thing. happened. The machine literally leaped over a huge advertising sign, just as a horse _. would jump over a fence, and landed on the roof of the building behind one of the largest department-stores — in Paris. In a minute the streets around the store were thronged. Out of a side door emerged Vedrines, one of the most daring airmen France has pro- duced, a man given to. spectacular performances in the air, a man who has shot eagles from his flying-machine in the Pyrenees, a man who actu- ally canvassed an election district in an airplane when he tried to become a. member of the Erench Chamber of Deputies. | 3 Se a ‘And what was the meaning of all this? - Simply to Vedrines was even more hazardous. The atmosphere, if you could but see it, is a turbulent, heaving, billow- ing fluid. Itisfull of whirlpools, eddies, currents, -and -counter-currents. It dashes against a row of houses, a for- est, a mountain, as the surf dashes up against a seaside cliff. Over Paris the air must be tossed hither and thither like the water in a whirlpool. These, then, were the aerial condi- The machine leaped over a huge sign .and landed on the top of the building Jules Vedrines hunts eagles and can- vasses election districts in his airplane tions that Vedrines had to combat. It required not only courage but ex- . traordinary skill to brave such atmos- pheric perils. To land as Vedrines did, with practically no injury, speaks volumes for his adroitness—all the more so when it is considered that his was an antiquated Caudron biplane, a pre-war model, driven by an 80-horsepower rotary Rhone engine. Vedrines, we have said, wanted to attract attention advertise in. a characteristically - sensational: way ° “a. proposed , trip by air around the word. 0 Nedrines’ achievement, very .. properly, attracted inter-. .. national atten- - tion. For the .- first time in the history of flying, a man succeeded in landing on a city roof —'a~ space twelve, in this particular case. To be sure, an American pilot, years. ago, landed on a smaller platform built.. over the deck of one of our warships. But the feat of For the first time in the history of aeronautics, a man had succeeded in landing on a city roof 74 ‘ to himself as. 4 possible aerial circumnavigator of the globe. _ He did more than unwittingly. ‘He symbolized the pilot of the fu- ture. 3 The day is not. every large city: will have its signed buildings. urbs of New York, Paris, and Lon- don business men will fly to and from their offices quite as regu- larly as they are now whisked back and forth by train. Popular Science Monthly ™ far distant: when, ‘ landing platform: on the-roofs of: specially -de- . From the sub- j { ! that, wittingly or ©

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sign ling ombat. out ex- atmos- edrines speaks. all the shat his yiplane, by an gine. nted to ‘tention fas q-' - aerial ° vigator be. He > than ingly or © ‘ly. ‘He od the ‘3 the fu- y is not: { ! it when © ‘ge_ city: ve its latform: ‘oofs of -- y -de- a lildings. le =sub- w York, id Lon- 1ess Men to and ir offices 3 regu- hey are hisked d forth April, 1919 OU know what diffi- culty is experienced in transporting and distributing coal in a cold climate. For days at a time a car may lie idle before the coal will thaw sufficiently to admit of re- moval. Traffic is blocked and railroad losses are incurred. All this explains why a special kerosene torch has been invented. It gives a flame eighteen inches long and four inches in diameter at its widest point. More- over, a temperature is main- tained that averages about 1,800 F., and this is accom- plished with practically no attention. Ten gallons of kerosene in this improved torch will maintain the cor- ‘rect temperature for fully half a day. The big car in the picture contained frozen pea-coal that could not be re- Frozen loads of coal, formerly left to the mercy of the weather, are easily thawed by this kerosene torch moved. After an hour’s application of the torch, the chutes beneath were open- ed and the coal dropped into the bins. > A Kerosene Torch that Thaws Coal and Welds Metals It has been found a very useful tool in cold weather The torch is a welder, too. It brings the fire to the job, instead of taking the job to the fire or forge. The flame is of the non-carbonizing kind, which is an important qualification. The blast is secured from air pumped into the tank by a powerful hand pump with check valves for regulation. Every tank is equipped with strong handles, so that it can be carried by one man. Specially designed nozzles guard against clogging and the consequent reduction of flame and heating effect. One pumping will store and compress sufficient air to last from three to five hours. Hose for the device is made from a special oil-resisting material, and is very flexible. Folding Circus Tents with a Clothes-Wringer Personally, we don’t believe any improvement on the circus necessar y y F you ever rose before sunrise to see the circus come to town, you cannot have forgotten the marvelous organization that made a new tent city spring up before your eyes. This organization was so perfected that, when Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show was touring Germany, the army authorities de- tailed a group of officers to the show to study the methods of making and breaking camp. Wonderful as was that old organi- zation, it has been improved, one of the latest of the new circus labor- savers being a mechanical tent-folder. The new apparatus is fashioned much like a clothes-wringer, and is made . up of a giant spool on which the tent | canvas is wound by power from an Unrolling the “big top” is an easy job with this apparatus independent gasoline engine mounted on the wagon carrying the spool. A system of rollers, operated by turn-screws in the floor of a wagon is utilized to roll the canvas on: the spool uniformly and’to press out any water that may be in it. The mechanism of the apparatus is simple in principle, consisting of a long hollow steel tube placed longi- tudinally of the wagon body and mounted in suitable bearings in- side of which are fixed metal disks to serve as spool-like ends to prevent the canvas rolling up unevenly. The spool-shaft is revolved by an independent gas- engine driving through a roller chain and a train of gears. The driving chain gear on the gasoline engine shaft is provided with a clutch and a handle manipulated from the ground, so that the winding operation can be started and stopped whenever desired. Each section of the tent can- — vas can be rolled up in about thirty seconds’ time. The apparatus is the design of William H. Curtis, of Denver, Col. On this giant spool the tent canvas is wound by power from a small engine If the tent is wet, a wringer squeezes out the water as the canvas is rolled up ) : sd sich ci tia Nai ee ai

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-middle of the month, Popular Science Monthly Finding Your Way Among the April Stars Identifying four of the stars with the aid of the Dipper—the great star map By Ernest A. Hodgson, of the Dominion Astronomical Observatory AS we look out along the plane of the universe we see the great through Vega, would, in 30 degrees more, meet a second bright band of stars of the Galaxy, or Milky Way. If we look at star, Altair. Altair is in the constellation Aquila, and may be right angles to that direction we see but few stars. We are then looking toward the ‘“‘Galactic Pole.” The evening. sky of April brings the Galac- tie Pole above us and bends the denser band of stars about our western horizon. The Dipper Is Our Sign-Post It is now possible to verify some of the directions in-, dicated by the Big Dip- per. Arcturus can now be seen pointed out by the backward sweep of the handle. It is on the meridian at abott 8 Pp. M. in the distinguished by its bright companion star about three degrees above it and nearer to Vega. In 1887 an international conference was held in Paris, to make a great star map. ’ The result of that conference was that some eighteen observato- ries, in all parts of the world, agreed to take each a section of the sky and, using similar telescopes and cameras, to photograph on a large scale the entire . heavens. Some 22,154 plates were planned to a little more than cover the sky, since each plate was to have a slight over- lap.. Only now are the plates begin- ning to appear in print. A Sample of the Chart The charts show a section of the sky .two degrees each way. The reproduction belo, , shows a section of one of these plates, two thirds’ - of a degree each way. The

NOZIMOH Higoy

and at that same time the directions to Capella, Castor and Pollux, Regulus, and the Pole-Star may all be verified, as all will then be visible at once. We may now add to our list of directions given by the Dipper three more, making. the list complete. If we trace northward through the center of the bow] (just as we traced southward to find Regulus), and proceed for an arc of about seventy degrees, we shall come to the bright star Deneb, of the constellation Cygnus, the swan. ‘In January Deneb was disappearing in the northwestern sky. In April it is appearing NOZIdOH Leva WEST HORIZON one in Monoceros. S aie 7 ee? t % he , 10 5. Tune: 4; 330° * a P x ros. ante’ “ +d ° ToRLGuUS © aye = 8, 6 : ; d fi . ’ ‘ The magnitudes are indi- a ls ad ° ’ cated on the map by stars ae : : ; ] The Dipper is used as a many-rayed of various kinds as follows: a ess ae S pointer. Nine of the most prominent 0, open center; 1, eight

points; 2, six points; 3, five poirits; 4, four points; 5 is indicated by a single point. All time in Eastern Standard (not summer) 76 stars of the heavens can be found by following imaginary lines between the different Dipper stars. Deneb, Vega, and Altair are three of them, and they have just arrived in the spring sky On the scale of the circular map this section of the sky is almost covered by a dot used to locate one single star. But this plate was photographed telescopically, and there are 387 stars cn it

bright star in the middle is . +

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. bright > may be r about a. 1ce@ was ar’map, ° ice Was ervato- > world, section similar ameras, on a . entire . » 22,154 planned re than y, since was to it. over- now are begin- pear in. of the s show the sky. ch way. n beloy. of one o thirds - y. The iiddle is . : A fifth- yy a dot ographs ginning. 1 of cate hed April, 1919 How to Find the Apmil Planets UR planet map this month has one () new feature. The times are set to the “‘mean Sun.” Our true rise at such a varying rate that ee could not be made to follow 1: Accordingly we start off an imaginary Sun at a given time, in conjunction with the true Sun. This “fictitious” or “mean” Sun proceeds about the equator at a con- stant pace, so as to complete the year and again meet the true Sun. The latter is sometimes ahead of and sometimes behind the mean Sun. The maximum difference is somewhat less than 16% minutes, and may require to be added to or be taken away from the time as given by observations on the Sun itself.. Time, as given on asun-dial, is sun time, and would need to be cor- rected to get mean time. The times given by our map from now en will .be mean time, since we shall refer the disk to the positions of the mean Sun. The mean Sun and the true Sun are in con- junction on April 15. At the beginning of the month Mercury is to the east of the Sun and sets after it— an evening star. It is so close, however, as to be lost in the sunset. It is still retro- grading, having begun this backward movement on March 29. It passes the Sun on April 7, inferior conjunction, since the planet is between us and the Sun. On April 20 Mercury ceases to retrograde and moves eastward again. It moves so much more slowly than the Sun, however, that it lags farther and farther behind, rising before the Sun—a morning star. Venus is still east of the Sun, setting some two hours after it. Its distance from the Sun constantly increases during the month. Mars, though an evening star throughout the month, is lagging nearer and nearer to the Sun, and sets so soon after it that it cannot be seen for the setting Sun. Jupiter is still in the constellation of Gemini. This constellation is now getting so low in the evening sky that Jupiter sets within a few hours after the Sun. Saturn continues to retrograde very, very slowly until April 23 when it becomes sta- tionary and then travels eastward again. Uranus and Neptune are indicated on the map, but are invisible except with a telescope. At the end of April all the planets have ceased to retrograde, for the first time this year. There will be a conjunction of Saturn . and the Moon on April 9; of Mercury and the Moon on April 28; and of Mars and t e Moon on April 30; Mars does not reach conjunction with the Sun until the 9th of May. The Moon moves | 80 much more rapidly than Mars that, after they have their conjunction, she catches up to the Sun in thesame day, while Mars requires ten days to accomplish this. t 0 oz tins? wy NOON i" Pn *@ i ‘@ “@™aE a ‘ t 9tTsae 93 oe {4 — suvn-—" ce, 0g @ Dy zm . a” | v | Q é . | = | > | | 2B \ | | i) a | bai G3) F fel Le / | \ OW i a . \ \ \. i ¢ \ \e f \ p. X ; \ vA a . iF ah ri 4 Na e \; @_*- 1 \ NO | \ & * | oy. } Cut out the circular disk below; and thems 2st) “an eee 5 run a pin through the center of both the disk and the map above. To see the section of sky visible at any time on any date, turn the disk until the required hour (on the disk) is opposite the date (on the map). Further directions and an illustration of the map in use will be found on pages 74 and 75 ot the March POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY uf [ 6. | : The PopuLAR SCIENCE MONTHLY publishing every month an article like this by Mr. Hodgson. If you feel that these articles can be made more help- ful, write to the editor. And if there is are any. questions that you would like to ask about stars, send them along

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SF es ss oe ee NT ge pe CERN ERE Se weteerarr= And now, as you finish washing your hands, your foot touches a lever and warm air quickly dries them, doing away with the old unsanitary towel Things that Add {2 to Household and_ | Office Comfort Unlike the usual moth-bag, this portable folding wardrobe ‘is odorless. It is closed down one side by a patent inter-locking device. It° may. be folded up small and packed in a suitcase The last word in writ- . ing-desks is the built- in type. It comes in a. variety of styles. Ifde- sired, it can be so dis- guised as to appear like a part of the wall panel Having but one leg, constructed in such a manner as to produce absolute stability, this ironing-board may be attached to any closet orto a window-sill Something new is a soap tablet that upon being punctured per- mits liquid soap to ooze out, thus adding greater cleansing quali- ties than those of ordinary soap , Plants will not require constant attention if this device is at- tached.to the flower-pot. It drops water ditectly at the roots of the plant, insuring an even distribution without overflowing Needle Push a but-,-: ton and, presto, this cigarette case splits in half, allowing easy i 4 -access to the cigar- ettes. It is unusually 3 thin and will easily fit into the vest pocket To prevent the accumulation of dirt in inaccessible cornefs of the radiator, this erepe-paper cover is supported on endwise adjust- able frames to fit any size radiator Adding to the convenience of office routine is | the swinging office stand, which fastens to the corner of the desk and holds a typewriter, etc. 73

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Machines that Lighten Work and Shorten Hours bs tae fg, gee enn. tae Using its rear wheel to steer itself, this self-propelled thresh- ing-machine gets its power from a 40-horse- power kerosene engine s, this be’ is The self-controller on this noise- | m one less automatic electric pump starts ' cking and stops by water - pressure | sd up : # ‘itcase | A simple fool-proof magnetic This new machine has an electric drive Doing away with rectifier that charges storage- chuck equipped with a balanced hoist mirrors and crawling batteries from alternating under machines, this current. Its weight is not dial indicator locates more than nineteen pounds external and internal repairs to be made ee Adjustment of the big guns “over there’? was made by a small powerful truck moved by one man, getting the gun quickly into position for firing ee ee ee . Of the cor A power-driven machine designed for st- under-cutting commutators without tor their removal from operating positions or disturbing the brush-holder rigging A new engine stand, built principally for the Ford en- gine, allows repairs to be made above and beneath it

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Tae carreras” ee ee ea Te SS TE PO REP ET emaeeener Se ertnrstRa GIE ae nie RE Popular Science Monthly | A complete rotation of crops may be raised in the- useful ash-container by adding a little top soil Farming i in an Ash- Boal HE snap-shot above shows a row-of ere acquired in_the congested section of a large city. The scheme for.a ‘garden proved a decided success. Two thirds of the space within the barrels was filled with ashes and on top Cattle will not break through even a light fence if a barbed wire is extended in front as shown here It Keeps the Cows Out MONG every six or twelve cows there seems to be al- ways one that jumps and breaks fences and leads the other cows astray. The first thought that comes ‘to one who is considering the matter is that a fence should be made ° of this was placed about a foot of soil. A regular rotation so strong that no cattle can break it and so high that none of crops was then carried out, and by the time the season can jump over it. But this plan is expensive. was over the seed had brought forth fruit, some sixty and some a hundred fold. There is no reason why the city resident of average intel- ligence should not become an expert in gardening, and incidentally add to the nation’s vegetable supply. “Udo"’— this new vegetable the odd name of udo. of it has been grown in. Cali- fornia and shipped to Washington and other cities,where it has received indorsement and commendation. This latest contribution , to the table. bears .some resemblance to both celery and asparagus; but, unlike them, it. is easily grown, ~ readily blanched, and re- -- quires little care: A patch - of it can be forced ’ every spring for at - least.” six years, and probably much longer. When eaten raw, the plant is a disappointment, producing reminiscences of resin and the long-leaf pine. When boiled in‘ three wa- ters, however, supplement- ed by an hour’s plunge in ice- water, the resin is re- moved and the plant be- comes edible. ~ It can be served in soup, as a salad, or with cream sauce on toast. A good recipe for prepar- ing the food is as follows: Peei the shoots and drop them into cold water; cut into 4-inch lengths; boil It Looks Like Celery - Asparagus ROM far-away. Japan comes One of the most promising methods is to protect the fence with a barbed wire just in front of it. The wire may be - He seems to be . enjoying his udo A field of udo at Chevy Chase, Md. The drain-tiles are used for blanching the shoots, which are somewhat like celery 80 fixed to an arm attached to the fence. One ingenious in- ventor has made such a device so that the arm can be swung over to either side of the fence. . A crate of udo that was shipped from _ Antioch, - Cal.; to Washington, D.C. in salt water for ten min- utes, then change the water, . adding: & fresh quantity of .~ salt, and boil until the prod- uct is quite soft. Prepare a white sauce, such as is téed for cauliflower or as- paragus; place the udo in the’ sauce and allow to. simmer; after which serve * on toast in the usual way. The food iene 3 is about the same as that of celery or asparagus. Asparagus- growers in California were the first to experiment with udo as a commercial en- terprise in this country. Anyone with a greénhouse or cold - frame facilities should have no difficulty in raising the plant from fresh seed, which is sown a quarter of an inch deep during the months of March and April.

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e al- s the>.. » one made ° none fence iy be . is in- in be

vas. ch, << min- vater, ity of -~ prod- epare as is or ase do in w to. serve * usual about celery ragus- | were t with al en- untry. uhouse cilities ficulty _ from sown 1 deep March —

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candidates for the honor of mak- ing the first transatlantic flight than there used to be for a position of judge at a beauty contest. The interesting entry in this great- est of air sweepstakes that we present here is notable for its comparatively modest dimensions. The Sunrise, as Captain Hugo Sunstedt christened his seaplane, has an upper wing spread vf 100 feet and a lower of 71 feet. Some of the giant flying-boats sport wings of more than 125 feet from tip to tip. AN we go to press there are more Sunstedt’s Airplane Different But the wings of the Sunrise have been designed to-give as much lifting power as possible without cutting down the speed below eighty miles an hour, flying withafullload. This is less by at least ten miles an hour than the speed of a Handley-Page flying under similar load conditions; but there is nearly always a twenty-mile air current from west to east on the ocean air lanes and Captain Sunstedt figures that eighty miles an hour and 750 gallons of gasoline will see him through. Built to face whatever weather the transatlantic air lanes may hand out, the Sunrise has been given extra strength in all parts subject to strain. The pontoons, weighing 400 pounds each, with highly developed stream-line design, are thirty-two feet long and are built of the won- derful Balsa wood, lightest of mate- rials, covered with linen. They are divided into eight water-tight com- partments each, and carry emer- gency food-lockers which can be reached from the deck.

© International Film Service When the seaplane Sunrise soars along the air lanes on the transatlantic route, her pilots and crew will live in this comfortable cabin ~ © Internationai Film Service There is little that is novel in the design of the fuselage, if we except the fitting up of the forward end after the style of the inclosed automobile, thus making a comfortable cabin for four persons. board in front of the pilot’s seat are

Who'll Be the First to Fly Across? Here is one of the candidates for fame and ; fortune who pins his faith on a seaplane

-© International Film Service Not the biggest of seaplanes, yet the distance between upper and lower wings is considerable. Paul Micella, standing on the lower - wing, is reaching as-high as he can * The Sunrise as she appeared be- fore launching. She has a wing span of 100 feet and she is equipped with Liberty motors On the dash-

Lieutenant { | ws} dials which record the number of rev- olutions turned up by each engine, the speed of the machine, and its alti- tude. There are alsoradiator ther- mometers, oil-pressure gages, shut- off valves, ignition switches, and clocks within easy reach or sight of the pilot. . Two six-cylinder Liberty engines will drive the Sunrise. At eighty miles an hour, Captain Sunstedt estimates that he can fly from New York to Newfoundland, and from Newfoundland over the short route to Ireland, without stopping on either leg to replenish his fuel. The over-water distance in an air line from Newfoundland to Ireland is 1,860 miles. To the man who first makes the flight will fall riches as well as fame. More than $125,000 in prizes have already been offered, and more than half are without restriction. “The Time Has Come” The greatest handicap: is the lack of knowledge concerning the air roads. What kind of weather prevails at va- rious altitudes? What is the direc- tion and force of the air currents? But men like Captain Sunstedt brush aside all such suggestions. ‘‘The time has come to make a trial,” they say. “‘We will succeed.”

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a A New Outdoor Sport—Making - Stereoscopic Pictures AKING stereoscopic pictures can be accomplished — quite successfully by placing two cameras side | by side and snapping them simultaneously. Cameras taking a 214 by 314 picture do véry | well for the purpose. The lenses, having. been gtound by — machinery, are similar, as are the other parts. . In fact, all inexpensive fixed-focus cameras of the same make are produced from standard parte and are therefore practically identical. “Having selected two cameras that meet the require- RIFTING snow is the railway’s most formidable danger. The remedy, accord- ing to Herman J. Schwitzer of Braham, Minn., lies in the proper fencing. He claims that the fence must be increased in height as the drift increases in. the vicinity of a cut; other- wise the snow will ultimately topple over into the cut. A foot added to the height of the drift must be met by a similar increase in the height of the fence. But how can a car- penter work in a blizzard? Schwit- zer constructs a fence that increases its height automatically. It grows with the drift, under the fury of the trains. The growing fence starts low and meets its antagonist on the level; a sliding section gradually rises to the occasion. Counter-weights make such a feat less difficult, and Schwit- zer has adopted this means. Possibly* some other means than the passing train could be devised for raising the sections. The inven- tor makes use of hand levers at times, but that necessitates the presence of attendants. Various This road-scraper is equally effective in handling clay, sand, gravel, or snow, either wet or packed This Useful Implement Builds Roads and Removes Snow HE road-scraper shown above can be used for building roads or for removing snow from city or country highways. In advance of the front wheels are two small scrapers de- \ signed to secure good traction for the truck. Like the large scraper in the center, these small ones are spring-suspended. The large ' geraper is twelve feet long and is set to clear a path seven feet in width. Once set, the machine requires little or no attention. Interurban truck service is growing by leaps and bounds; and road commissioners every- where are studying the local conditions and providing road machinery that will keep the public highways in, a high state of efficiency. Bind two cameras together and make ‘your own stereoscopic photographs storm and the vibration of passing «: " Let the wintry winds blow snow on the tracks. The fence will rise, with the aid of counter-weights, to keep the drift away from the railway 82 _ ments, tie them together, placing one of them upside-down so that the snap levers are outermost. By pressing both levers at once the exposures will be the same: and identical pictures will result. In the finished stereograph the left-hand -- picture is from the. film that was in the right-hand camera, and to avoid mis- takes the films should be marked accordingly. A piece of- pasteboard may be placed between the two cameras to pre- vent the backs from binding when opening for reloading. The distance between the ’ centers. of the lenses will then © be about 31% inches. In mount- ing, this same distance can be adhered to. Here’s the Blizzard Fence—a Railway Protector means for automatic ‘control suggest themselves. For ex- ample, - the © “counterbalance might have @ shelf on which the snow would accumulate, and as the weight of this snow increase it would oyerbalance the movable section and ele- vate it. This would have the advantage of depending upon the storm itself and not upon a passing train. pro gar in f jud of t tur ser’ ing

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ntrol ei ance hich late, now — ance ele- have ding not : mailed. to . pieces. What to do with these old tires! Read the prize-winners below First Prize Bumpers for the Sides of a Garage Door By Clifford A. Butterworth LD automobile tires can be ef- fectively used, as the illustration proves, as bumpers for the sides of a garage door, to prevent the one person in- fifty who mis- ‘judges the width of the door when turning in from seriously damag- ing either his car or..,the. .door- CASINGS evplenrit sycdhe-.tires..are . first,cut into four ... sections,..... after . which ; they: -are

of 2-in, plank cut to the shape shown. Six of these _—_ sections are then fastened with lag screws to other pieces of plank. The bumpers are mounted so that the lower section will be about a foot higher than the sill. Second Prize An Air-Container for a Brazing Torch By Morris G. Miller FINE air-chamber for a small brazing or soldering torch can be made from a good portion of a used inner tube, ‘including the valve. Cut the ends square, and make two clamps from four pieces of wood as’ shown. Before sealing the ends, in-

Save up.your discarded tires until you have six, and make a buffer for the garage door The victory of prosp our Old Tires Wer > =~

BBs most useful thing in the world is an old automobile We were nearly. swamped by answers, and we have decided that if a-man were cast away on a desert island with a cargo of old tires he could make Robinson Crusoe look like a piker. Here are the three prize-winning answers—all we have room for now; but in the June number of POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY we will show in a two-page picture display some of the re- markable, not to. say startling, uses that have-- been found for discarded automobile tires.

tire. Our contest has proved it. -

— By Our Readers ; at ee <n : [TTT Ta! TD NE D Ses Po | a ee, ( \ sue i uy 4 a = j , ; | A son 14 iN f ian —— 17 Sp |

Part of an inner tube, including the valve,

sert the air connection in any suitable place. The air connection consists of a piece of 14-in. brass tube, threaded for nuts at one end. Twe hard rubber washers are used on the tube under the nuts to clamp it in the tire. These washers are made from ordi- nary faucet rubbers by enlarging the hole. It is best to dish the inner face of the washers a trifle with a sharp knife. Apply rubber cement around the hole and on the wash- ers, letting it dry for a few minutes before screwing down the nuts. The clamps are 2 in. longer than the width of the tube when flattened . out, and a 14-in. bolt is passed through holes in each end.~ First-clean the inside of-the tube near the end with gaso- line, and apply the cement. Let it dry to become tacky; then close up, bend ‘over, and insert between the clamps. If much soldering or braz- ing is done, a good plan is to place a shelf at the back of the bench, as shown,:.to support the tire.: Connect a hand- or foot-pump to the valve, and a rubber tube from the air connection to | |!) the air inlet of the torch. After filling the container with air, it will require only a few-strokes of the pump at short intervals to keep up the pressure sufficiently to the desired point. : 83 made this air-chamber for a brazing torch Third Prize An Efficient Lawn-Sprinkler Made from an Old Tire By John Sebesi ELECTING a worn tire that could not be of further use on an auto- mobile, one-car-owner made use of it for a lawn-sprinkler. The clincher. part of the tire was stitched together, then vulcanized to make it quite water-tight at that part of the tire. The tire was then placed flat on a bench, and holes were punched through on one side. Near the center of the tread a hole was made, and a nipple inserted with the necessary waste nuts to hold it in place. This furnished the connection from the garden hose to the water faucet. : This sprinkler being much larger in diameter than the ordinary sprinkler, much more ground is covered in a more efficient manner. This is a novelty with the additional feature of being original.. No reader of POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY who owns an automobile can now con- scientiously neglect .his lawn during dog-days.

It makes a much more effective sprinkler than the kind you pay good money for ° erity---the Victory Loan

Rena PR ti PRET ES EES CL

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23 ~~ a Se Pee Bg et GA 2A AGRO ORIEL PLA EGE NIN EI DE SIR IE RES SITE TSI ore . ‘

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HE Rob-Roy canoe is a decked f craft especially designed for the canoeist who travels alone, and who prefers a double-bladed paddle. It is an old and-well known model, and cruises of hundreds of. miles have been made in this kind of craft. The. canoe described, while of in- expensive. and ‘easy construction, light in weight, and drawing. but little water, is not'a flimsy. makeshift, but:a strong and serviceable canoe,. particularly well suited. for river‘and ‘lake use. The fult deck gives'ess room than the regulation open canoe, but the cover- ing makes a tight and dry boat. : When properly constructed, the hull should weigh less than 38 pounds, and will accommodate the average man and a reasonable amount of camp bag- gage and provisions needed on a cruise of two or three weeks. Cost of cor- struction will vary, but should not ex- ceed ten or twelve dollars.. Only the most ordinary tools are required. They consist of. a cross- cut and rip saw, chisel, screw driver, By Stillman Taylor

Pe In contrasting this type of canoe with the type described, the advantages of the Rob Roy are easily seen. The open canoe is not adapted to rough water, asis the Rob Roy. A few days’ practice will enable the amateur to handle the Rob Roy as the expert swimmer handles his body in the water BULKHEAD

draw-knife, plane, gimlet or wood drills, hammer, three cheap wood

tule, and two or or metal clamps. . Specifications and

C finished pieces; bea ~

and straight- white oak, 14 ft. Jong, 12 in. wide, and 1 in. thick. Both boards should be of the finest quality and well seasoned. From the spruce board rip out the needed pieces as given in. the specification table, and do likewise with the oak board. Smooth up all material to the dimensions given, and you are ready to begin work. GUNWALE I"WIDE NORTISE V2" DEEP RABBE: FOR CANVAS Ve"WIDE 146" DEEP < 7 RABBET FOR RIBBANDS V8" DEEP

| ae: «5 een MORTISE FOR OUTSIDE KEEL MORTISE FOR t)/4 WIDE 1/2" DEEP KEELSON 1V8 DEEP © FIG! How the two stems are shaped and .....» founded -into a graceful. bow: curve thick. Select with — grained’ board of

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DEEP T FOR! N) WALE STISE

RANGE BUILT IN THE CELLAR OF A CHURCH

_ Making an up-to-date Close-up view of backstop and pulley system for carrying targets

range from a dingy cellar. " O PLACE to shoot.” That’s. no excuse for a fellow with any in- genuity. Here is what the Boy Scouts of Troop 18 did in the thickly settled city of Albany. They — wanted to form a ‘Local. Unit. of the National Winchester Junior Rifle Corps. They wanted to learn the fine points of rifle shooting and earn . the: famous Winchester Marksman,

Shar pshooter Medal, _Sharpshgoter and. Expert. Rifleman Medals. 4 They. got busy:with their Scout Master and. looked around. for a place to build a “range. Finally they hit on a 50 ft. space -piece of boiler plate 4% : * inthe cellar’ of the church! + Making, every shot safe ‘The first. thing ‘to do was to cover up the window and build a safe @ backstop over it. This’ was done by using a of an inch thick and 4 ft. by 4 ft., large enough, - you see, to stop even the = SS: wildest shots of the be- od ginner. Over this were inten sa eng oF lamped h % inch 3 by 8. clampe ecavy 1g inch by 4ft., covered by 2- boards. inch thick boarding Now this backstop of 17%, reinforced by 14 inch boiler plate, will hold any stray shot from a .22. But shot after shot con- centrated on one spot will soon chew your board to shreds. So to take care of the concentrated - fire just behind the targets,

WINCHESTER JUNIOR RIFLE CORPS National Headquarters, 275 Winchester Avenue, New Haven, Conn., U.S. A.

MODEL .06. Take-down Repeating .£2 20-inch round barrel. Shoots three sizes of The most popular .22 caliber repeater, used extensively by members of the W.J.R.C. caliber rife, 2 ammunition. WINCHESTER Take-down .22 caliber single shot rifle. A ‘low priced, light weight gun made in two sizes. two extra pieces of 14 inch boiler plate, 2 ft. square, and covered with soft 2-inch thick boards, were nailed to the backstop about 18 inches apart. $0 ft. from this ‘backstop they built a regular counter 3 ft. high and 2 ft. wide with a carpet cover—just like the kind you see at public shooting galleries. This was the “firing line.”’ Target set up and lighting system Targets were carried to the backstop from the firing line in pairs—so. that two boys could shoot at the same time—by means of an overhead pulley and wire system. The gallery was lighted by electric light behind the firing line and the targets were lighted by electric light reflected down from bulbs above the backstop and pro- tected from stray bullets by the beams of the cellar roof. A neat little club room with benches built into the walls adjoined the gallery, and its spick and span white-painted walls were decorated with handsomely framed pictures of the club’s camp life, record targets and Winchester Marksman and _ Sharpshooter diplomas, won by various members. Start a W. J. R. C. “Unit’’ with your friends The job of finding a place to shoot, rigging up a range and getting your rifles is always easier and cheaper when you have a bunch of your chums in on it. There’s more fun, too, in the actual shooting when there are other fellows to compete with. So why not get together with half a dozen of your chums, join the Winchester Junior Rifle Corps and organize a regular Unit or Club which will be officially recognized by National. Headquarters. When you have enough Marksmen in your Unit, you will be matched against other Units. Any boy who starts a Unit gets a Special Service Pin. : _ The W. J. R. C. will help you from start to finish in rigging up your indoor and outdoor range. The W. J. R. C. gives you all the instruction neces- sary to become a real expert in the use of a rifle. It

A provides for officers, supervisors and adult instructors to make your shooting safe. It costs you nothing to join the W. J. R. C. - There are no dues and no military obligations whatsoever. , The W.-J. R.-C. was organized solely to encourdge-- better marksmanship and better sports- manship among boys and girls of America. It is intended. to develop the qualities of fair play and manliness which are essen- tial to success in after life. Any boy or girl not over 18, who is in good standing in his or her com- munity, is eligible. Membership in the W.J.R.C. covers the entire United States. Denson Reid—Age There i#hardly a town now that 11, of Birmingham, has not at least a small “Unit” Alabama, winner of the big National Organiza- of ,Marksman and ‘tion where boys are learning to Sharpshooter Medals become expert riflemen and are and high ranking, competing among themselves rifleman of theW.J. for the famous Wirchester R. C. for 1918 Marksman and. Sharpshooter

Medal.. You, too, can earn | these trophies of marksmanship if you join the W. J. R. C. and start shooting now. Get the official plan and handbook ; Write today for the Winchester Junior Rifle Corps “Plan for organizing a W. J. R. C. Unit,” and for the official handbook, ‘‘How to handle a rifle safely.” This booklet tells you all about the W. J. R. C. and describes in detail the fine points of shooting—align- ment of sights, the three correct positions, rules for gun safety, the care of rifles, and the proper rifle for you to use. If you are a boy scout give your name in full, the troop you belong to, and the name of the Scout Master. If you are not a boy scout, state what boy organiza- tion, if any, you belong to, giving the name of the ficial in charge. National Headquarters Winchester Junior Rifle Corps 275 Winchester Ave., New Haven, Conn. Division 420

Winchester Junior Rifle Corps National Headquarters, 275 Winchester Ave. New Haven, Conn., U. S. A. Division 420. Gentlemen: Please register my name as a member of the Winchester Junior Rifle Corps, and send me a membership button and certificate of member- ship. ‘Also tell me how to organize’a Local Unit of the W. J. R. C. Very truly yours, AN oP oe eS en Co cc wn cuonap sewn we Oe

Stvett Address. =... .. 2 =< 22 2 ence no 8 co es tenne Ciao inne a GA eee ae

85

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“J certainly never intend to use an old-fashioned machine again!” HE same reasons that made the Western Electric Machine preferred for war-relief work make it ideal for home use. It can be carried ‘to the work, since the machine—motor, carrying case and all—is no larger than an ordinary.travelling bag. The electrical control of the motor is so delicate that sewing can be done at any desired speed. This is a full-sized machine that does any kind of sewing. Sewing the electric way does not: tire the user. Western Electric Portable Sewing Machine Although neatly finished, you will find it . convenient to put the machine away in the closet when the work is done. It costs only $39.50 ($41.50 west of the Rockies)-—less than most well-known makes of pedal- power machines. If your electric shop or depart- ment store cannot show you this new kind of machine, write for Booklet No. 13-AT,°*“Thé New Way to Sew,” and the name of our agent nearest you. Use it on the porci 7 where breezes blow 4 if ee Gentlemen: Please send me Booklet No.~13-AT,. describing the ¥ M ESTERN ELECTRIC COMPANY Inc. WESTERN ELECTRIC COMPANY INCORPORATED New York Kansas City Chicago San Francisco Other Distributing Houses in Principal Cities | the graceful bow © Pon. “paper “until just right; then » dep-it- onthe - block. - The-grain’ in block “should run up and down oi order _ IHF easily. is 4% in.'wide and 1/16 in. deep. * “lis beveled, sloping from- 1/16 of = ‘inch to nothing where it runs into the outside. face of the. stem....The mor- - 2 CROWN... Ly CRO? Electric Fyaeile achine: . - Popular Science Month Each of the two stems is fashion nal thick. “Study the "ekaeehes in to obtain a clear’ idea of how, tos them. é One half'of fie vi ie ‘is: s Foun de ave: “Draw to’ chisel out the ‘Fab Clamp the bedi i in. a vise, indi a-draw-knife pare to the wedge sh ‘shown—tapering from % in. in wi -at the curved stem to 3 in. in width the keel end, as shown. Mark.out. beveled :rabbet for the canvas, wk This | tise for the onan keel is 1% in, oi pet RIDGE-BEAM a MORTISE 5 . 01 94567 69. | KEEL MORTISE BULKHEAD FIG’ 2 Draw a full-sized pattern on a sheet’: of wrapping paper to avoid mistakes “ wide and 14.in.-deep. The mortise for the keelson and bottom ribband is. 4% in. deep. The mortise for the gunwales is 1 in. wide and 1% in. deep. The Bulkheads Two bulkheads are placed on the keelson, one 2 ft. from the forward end, the other 2 ft. from the opposite - end. These are made exactly alike and to the dimensions given in Fig. 2. To avoid mistakes, a full-sized paper pattern should be made. Divide the paper into small squares on one’side, and the required curve is easily traced § in. Cut out to the pencil outline, crease pattern in center, and fold over to trace curve on the other side of it. This will insure both sides being alike. — The ridge-beam mortise is cut in the” exact center of the top, and the mor tise for the keel in the bottom of the bulkheads. The top should be crowned — ¥ in. as indicated in the drawing, and a notch cut on either side for the gunwales. _ The Center Mold The center mold is made to the : dimensions shown in Fig. 8. It is | _

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on the © orward pposite - alike Fig. 2. paper de the e side, traced yutline, d over eof it. y alike. in the~ e mor-— of the owned — awing, Tones Hitherto Rare Now Ever-Present- ERE are the secrets of The Brunswick Method of Reproduction. Learn how we gained that wonderfully pure tone. which has given The Brunswick Phonograph such ‘prestige. Experts in acoustics have long agreed tha* superior reproduction depends chiefly upon “the reproducer and the way’ in which tone is amplified. Until the coming of The Brunswick, many experts thought it impossible to overcome “‘spotty’’ reproduction, that is, alternate good and bad tones. Yet all were striving to in- crease the good tones and decrease the bad. What We Found The fault, we found, after hun- dreds of tests, was largely due to the use of metal in the amplifier or sound chamber. Metal, having no elasticity, prevented the sound waves from expanding properly. Strident noises resulted. So we chose wood, developing the now famous Brunswick Ampli- fier, built entirely of wood. We tested dozens of different woods, arranging them in numerous shapes. Finally we attained the proper acoustic values. Sf Brunswick tone is infinitely better, for tones considered rare afew yearsagoare ever-present in this super-instrument. No one can remain unappreciative of its fullness, richness and clarity. And all appreciate the banishment of metallicsounds. Once you hear The Brunswick, your own ear will confirm these statements. Plays All Records Another. great feature of The Brunswick Method of Reproduction is the Ultona, our all- record reproducer.. Ata turn of the hand, it presents to each type of record the proper needle anddiaphragm. Each make of record can now be heard at its best, played exactly asit should be. Thus you are not limited in your selection of records to one make. Before you buy, or even if you already have a phonograph, hear The Brunswick. Put it to any tone test you wish. Ask that the most difficult records be played. Make comparisons. Then let sheer merit decide. THE BRUNSWICK-BALKE- COLLENDER COMPANY general CHICAGO and NEW YORK Branch Houses in Principal Cities of United States, exico and Canada a sees ‘anadian Distributors: Musical Merchandise Sales Co., Cc Excelsior Life Building, Toronto (1404) f for the Me, rh ATSY EY £. z, ec? U4} pg tPF POR SORA DHS 5 Sf Ta

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Ae Dg ROT BOR nM seit oe SEA ie ew eri Res Hee reet acl 8 aay RG BN Nip patnn teil, “It’s a Columbia!” VERYWHERE . that “men ride bicycles because of their economical, convenient utility, the Columbia nameplate has cometo stand for the highest type of construction, dependa- - ble soundness, comfort, and ease* of operation. It is the lowest-cost method of-transportation known— brings independence of rising trolley and suburban fares, irregular’ schedules, promotes prompt travel between home and work, provides ideal rec- reation for days off, Sundays, holidays. Never in its forty years de- | velopment has the Columbia line been more complete than now. A model for every prefer- ence of style and price. 1919 Columbia Catalog de- scribes and pictures thern fully. Sent anywhere. WESTFIELD MFG. COMPANY 45 Lozier Avenue Westfield, Mass. 2614. in. -wide-and 8% iid deup: and. as it is only used to give shape to the - hull while building it, it may be sawed out of any 1-in. stuff at hand. Make a-full-sized paper pattern for this mold, in the same way suggested for . the bulkheads. As shown, the bottom on each side of the center dotted line is flat for a distance of 6 in. This gives a craft with a flat floor, an essential feature to give stability in a canoe. As. shown in the drawing, the mortise for the keel is cut, as are two notches on each side of the mold at the top to admit the gunwales. The Keelson The keelson is merely a straight strip of spruce 14 ft. long and 1 in. square. The bulkheads are located 2 ft. from each end, and the mold placed in the center. This is plainly RABBET FOR - CANVAS BULKHEAD “other. Fasten this in the center DECK BEAM DECK BRACE frame running from one stem to nailing it temporarily in place with ~ small finishing nails or brads to the bulkheads and stems. This will k the frame from spreading out of shape. Now set up the mold in the center, and when plumb fasten in place by a nai through the staying-strip. ie The gunwales may now be fastened in place. An easy way to do this ig - to fasten one end in place in its mor tise cut in the stem, then bend into the © “notch in the bulkhead, and screw” solidly in place with flat-head brass screws, countersinking the heads flush, As the mold is to be removed later on, - the gunwale is merely temporarily — fastened to it with a single screw or — nail. Continue by bending the gun-- wale to fit the notch in the afters bulkhead; fasten this and then the COCKPIT COMMING COCKPIT BULKHEAD ~RIBBANDS RIBS After the center mold is removed the canoe is ready for the deck-beams, which. should be screwed into place COCKPIT DECK- BEAMS RIDGE-BEAM RIDGE-BEAMS COAMING~PLATE CGDKPIT FRAME KNEES Eight-ounce cotton duck of 40-inch width will suffice to cover the canoe shown in Fig. 4. From the center measure off equal spaces, and draw a pencil line to mark off the stations where the ribs cross. As each rib is let in or mortised into the keelson, mark out and cut a mortise at each mark, making the notches 1 in. wide and 3/16 in. deep. This- will insure each rib fitting flush with the keelson. Settling Up the Frame Since the bottom of the canoe is straight, it may be built directly on the floor. The oak strips for the ribs may now be cut up—the longest about 40 in., as may be noted by running a tape-measure around the center mold, and decreasing proportionately in length toward each ed of the frame. Put these pieces to soak in a tub of hot water. At the stations indicated, fasten each bulkhead in position to the keel- son, with a flat-head brass screw, turning in the screw, from .the outside and countersinking ‘the head so that it lies flush with the outside surface. Now screw the stem pieces in place, ~ opposite end of the gunwale to the after stem. Put on the other gunwale in the same:way. (See Fig. 5.) © How the Ribs Are Placed The ribs may now be put in, and if not yet pliable enough to bend readily, boiling water poured upon them will soften up the fibers of the wood. The ribs are fastened to the keelson with 1l-in. brass screws. Begin by putting in the two center ribs. Drill a hole in the center of each rib the same size as the wire of screw, insert _ the rib in its mortise in the keelson, and turn in the screw, countersinking the head slightly so that the screw- head is flush with the rib. Bend the end of the rib to a eurve, and clamp or wire it to the outside of the gunwale. Put in the other center rib in the same way, but do not cut off or tack the ends to the gunwales just yet. ~ “The five ribs should -now be screwed in place on each side of the hull—to the stems and bulkheads solidly, and temporarily fastened to the mold = by a nail partly driven in. This will ©

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the pocket of your-car! hid Seis ; DS Seber $ - Always keep a Daylo in he %,, _ As necessary in night motoring as the headlight ‘tha Is the rear tire flat? nwale A . : ; : IMPORTANT What the deuce is making that engine sputter? ee fo ager 5 : registered name : J Has somebody been monkeying with the carburetor? EV EREADY an ; : y adily, What does this Chinese guide book say? sea Aas hos Ge 3 tute. elcon IS that a dodo in the fence corner? po nae Pane n by é c suitable for use on auto- Dail Does that sign read “Snitzburg” or “Podunk”? mobiles insert elson, Daylo is guaranteed to multiply the joys and con- — : 3 venience of night riding. Made in 77 styles. d the : lamp . The Light that says: ee All Eveready dealers wale. — ‘There it is!”’ are now well stocked Tungsten Battery

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Smash! No danger— it’s an IVER JOHNSON A Tussle—Stumble—Fumble Many a thigh has been ripped by a dropped weapon. But never by an Iver Johnson. Three million Iver Johnsons sold and not a single accidental discharge! The Iver Johnson protects but never betrays. Its lightning power obeys only the trigger finger. Drop it, smash it, ““Hammer the Hammer,” and it’s safe as a monkey-wrench. But in the instant of need—perhaps fifty years from now-— every coil spring acts. Iver Johnson wire springs never give out. The rifled barrel, true as a micrometer, speeds the bullet where you aim. You'll need an Iver Johnson some day——buy it now. ee. Drop us a card for facts and figures on Revolvers. i Double and Single Barreled Shot Guns, and Bicycies. Z IVER JOHNSON’S ARMS & CYCLE WORKS y) ip 343 River Street, Fitchburg, Mass. Buy an Iver Johnson this Spring Have fun; gain health; save money. Iver Johnson SUPERIOR— -ROADSTER, Price $50. Other models, $27.50 to $60. Popular Science M onthly. give a solid-framework, and the rest of the ribs may be put in without danger of twisting or sagging of the frame. When all the ribs are in, measure the height on both sides to check up the work, then fasten the ribs tothe ribbands with 54-in. copper tacks. Drive the tacks from the outside of ribband through the rib, and clinch well on the inside. Copper rivets may be used if. desired;-and,--while this is the best possible construction for all boat work, it takes more labor and is, of course, more expensive. When all the ribs have been fastened to the ribbands, screw the ends to the outside of the gunwales with 5¢-in. brass screws, and saw off the projecting ends flush with the gunwales. The bottom ribband may. now be screwed in. place, and the top ribbands which cover the ribs at the topsides should be screwed to the gunwales. ; The center.mold may now be re- moved. The complete framework, ready for the canvas, is mays in Fig. 6. Attaching the Deck-Beams The two deck-beams that mark the length of the cockpit may next be put in. As shown in Fig. 8, these beams are fashioned with a projecting tongue which fits over the bottom side of the gunwale. A small brass screw is turned in through this tongue, and two brass screws are turned in through the upper half, which butts against the gunwale. This makes a good solid joint, stronger than if the beam were mortised into thegunwale} ‘>. As shown in the cross-midship sec- tion in Fig. 7, the deck is crowned by making the beams 11% in, higher in the center, . The cockpit frame,’ consisting of the ¢oaming plate and ; knees, may now be screwed i in place,“ CCLKDIT _ MORTISE FOR 7FRAME BEAM RIDGE- GUNWALE es ee ———— oe a AH a? as RIBBANDS ' T | 1 KEELSON FIG7 The inside of the cockpit knees are sawed out to form the oval shape and it is a good plan further to strengthen the deck by screwing a’ | white pine knee to the beam and the | gunwale, as shown in Fig. 8. While | the hull is strong without it, an addi- | tional deck-beam may be put in be- tween the cockpit beam and the bulk- head at each end. The ridge-beam is now putin.. This is a spruce strip 5 ft. long and 1 in. square. It extends from the stem to the cockpit beam at each end. A mortise is cut in the stem, and in the. top. of the bulkhead and deck-beam to seive it, as the top must be quite 4 -ftashin order to lay the canvas smooth-

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the put ms rue the is ind igh nst od am eCc- ed her cd ce, # »S | are Flavored ae Fer : aM “Your Nose Knows’ — -- The Encyclopaedia Britannica says about the manufacture of smoking tobacco, “... on the Continent and in America certain ‘sauces’ are employed... . the use of the ‘sauces’ is to improve the flavour and burning qualities of the leaves.” Your smoke-enjoyment depends as much upon the Quality and kind of flavor- ing used as upon the Quality and aging of the tobacco. Tuxedo tobacco uses the purest, most wholesome and delicious of all flavor- ings—chocolate! That flavoring, added to the finest of carefully aged and blended burley tobacco, produces. Tuxedo—the per- fect tobacco—“ Your Nose Knows.” Try This Test: Rub a little Tuxedo briskly in the palm of your hand to bring out its full aroma. Then smell it deep—its delicious, pure fragrance will convince you. Try this test with any other tobacco and we will let Tuxedo stand or fall on your judg- ment—** Your Nose Knows.’’ The Perfect Tobacco for Pipe and Cigarette = Guaranteed by (NGCOR PORATED

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Multiplexing the Telephone Marvel has followed marvel vanced—each advance utilizing all since Alexander Graham Bell in- previous accomplishments. vented his first simple telephone, the forerunner of the millions in - use today. No one step in advance, since the original invention, is of greater im- portance, perhaps, than that which In these last four decades thou- has provided the multiplex system sands of Bell engineers have devel- - _ by which five telephone conversa- oped a system of telephonic com- tions are carried on today simulta- munication, so highly perfected,that | neously over one toll line circuit, or the same crude instrument which _ by which forty telegraphic messages at the beginning could hardly carry can be sent over the one pair of speech from one room to another wires. As in a composite photo- can now actually be heard across graph the pictures are combined, so the continént. This is because of the the several voice waves mingle on many inventions and discoveries the circuit to be again separeted for which have been apptied to inter- _ their various destinations. vening switchboard, circuits and “a4: . By this wonderful development other transmitting mechanism. y * evelopmen the Bell System obtains for the pub- The vision of the 2672 12934567.

lL.—- o%—>}

7¥a'—>4 KEEL — 6 MORTISE -——~ MOLD FIGS As the center mold is used only to give shape to the hull, it may be mage from any 1-in. lumber at hand Stretch cut the piece of canvas on the floor and pencil a mark down the middle of the strip. This will indicate the keel line. Lay the canvas on the bottom of the hull, stretch it as tightly as possible toward each end, and secure by partly driving in a few tacks— preferably copper tacks with flat heads, sold as ‘‘three-ounce.”’ These will be about 3¢‘in. long. After tacking the canvas along the keelson from one stem to the other, pull it as tightly as possible to stretch it over the center rib, and tack it on the top of the gunwale. Continue to work toward each stem, stretching the canvas lengthwise as well as cross- wise. Space the tacks about 114 in.

oa we a

7 92 LA ‘apart on the gunwales and about 2 in.

\

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| will FF to work! A quick, flying start— a fast nerve-tingling run—and there you are! That’s what a Dayton Bicycle will do for you. It is a “Through Express”—for you alone! Why walk, when you can ride a bike? Why wait for crowded street cars, when with a Dayton you can ride “to beat the k— 0% —>| must pass, is drop-forged. This is an important point, since the drop-forging gives the necessary strength, PLUS the 6é . ” . : 4% spring,” which is vital. The crank is drop-forged, one-piece, of 40-carbon steel, spring-tempered in oil. At every point where a drop-forging can be used to advantage, it IS used in ° cars.” 4 a Dayton. d Dayton Bicycles have many points and features of superiority. They are notable Dayton Bicycles are built for those who gfe for the large number of drop-forgings appreciate quality—and demand it. Some icate embodied in their construction. Theseat- of the Dayton’s many mechanical advan- 1 the post cluster, through which the seat-post tages are indicated below. ] nti Write to us for Catalog B-8. It is Free ‘ We Back This Traae DMark $ —. With Our Reputation Cycle Dept.. THE DAVIS SEWING MACHINE COMPANY, Dayton, Ohio at “hese the , ; fi cranks. Hobbed sprock ! Dust- f head adjustingcone. Extra large High ther, 3 1 ing ice ie ay a Busy bale beasing’. Caues case-hardened in cy- retch 2 tween Crocs wheel oat & d fork 3 sides. LSicewetetteode ay Outside joint-head construction. ae inner re- *k it 3 ion seat-post cluster, giving extra strong 7 inforcements in frame, all dip- : sg. ~grade padded leather saddle with double action , §& Double anchored fork sides with solid eteel spool ried i 4 4 springs: Lenther pci male complete tool be gua ; 9 Frome sie cups of special design turned from c solid steel bar. Two-point frictionless bearings. 5 Seventeen process enam enamel finish of Dayton Car. * mine. Tou; and lo earing. H t of : copper under all nickel ~ . sn Rr 10 * less crank h bracket, extra reinforced.

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not the name of a thing, but the mark of @ service

MazDA i is the trademark of a world-wide service to certain lamp manufacturers. Its pur-

** Not the name of a thing, but the mark of a service’ poseis tocollect and select scientific and practical information concerning pro- gress and developments in the art of in- candescent lamp manufacturing and to distribute this information to the com- panies entitled to receive this service. MAZDA Service is centered in the - Research Laboratories of the General Electric Company at Schenectady, N.Y. The mark MAZDA can appear only on

lamps which meet the standards of MAZDA service. It is thus an assurance of quality. This trademark is the prop- erty of the General Electric Company. 4645

A MAZDA Lamp for every purpose & RESEARCH LABORATORIES OF GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY

NOw that the war is over, Arts and Crafts throughout the world will come into their own again. For the expert draftsman and equally for the be- ginner, the universally appreciated long estab- lished VENUS PEN- CILS make for easier, quicker, better work. 17 black degrees 6B softest to 9H hardest For bold heavy lines 6B-5B-4B-3B For general writing and sketching 2B-B-HB-F-H For clean fine lines 2H-3H-4H-5H-6H For delicate thin lines, maps 7H-8H-9H SPECIAL 14c OFFER grees. After you find Pencils are, buy them regularly at your dealer. AMERICAN LEAD PENCIL CO, 246 Fifth Ave., Dept. A, New York ; and Clapton, London, Eng- Of all stationers and stores throughout the world.

": Send 14 cents for’3 trial } samples mentioning de-. how perfect VENUS.

| .*. and FREE FELT PENNANT «. | i Send us the names of three coaster wagon i dealers, mentioning which handle the Auto- | Wheel and we'll send’ you a‘ beautiful Felt | Pennant FREE, and tell you all about the | | wonderful Auto-Wheel Coaster and the pat- H ented Auto-Wheel Convertible Roadster. Wouldn’t you like to organize a Coaster Club? * It’s great fun. Every-member receives a m\ cap and the Captain aspecial cap. When \ a write, be sure to ask for full in- formation and the new Auto-Wheel klet. It’s brimful of infor- mation you should have. The Buffalo Sled Co., * \ Dep’t 157 \. North hte camera AKO Wheel

Popular Science Mont apart along the keelson, but drive the only part way in. When-the canvas is stretched, take‘up any wrinkles that show, and drive in all the tacks, trimming off the overlap along the guhwales.. been cut in the stem to receive it, The fold of canvas may be covered up mater: on. * Setchise the Condi Deck Five yards of 40-in. duck will also be needed for the deck covering, and this should be attached in one -piece, Draw a‘pencil mark down the center, and fasten the two ends with a couple of tacks partly driven into the top of the stems. Now stretch the can- vas as tightly as possible lengthwise, and fasten with ‘six or eight tacks partly driven in along the center line into the ridge-beam. Working from the center toward one end, stretch the canvas over the gunwales on each side and tack in the center of top rib. The edge of the canvas should be folded. in about 1% in. to prevent. the canvas from pulling away from the tacks. Space the tacks about 1% in. apart. The heads of the tacks will be covered up later on when ‘the half- round fender-wale is screwed in place. To cut out the canvas covering for - the cockpit, carefully cut away -the cloth at least 4 in. inside the cockpit, frame, stretch the canvas tightly, slash the cloth at intervals, and:pucker to! make the canvas: fit ‘the: ovat Roekpit,;. then tack the edge to i Angie Bi she, cockpit frame. tis this 3% < PR _—- ae The Cockpit Giaure” j To bending the cockpit coaming into place, first give it a thorough scalding |} to make it pliable. If no steaming facilities are at hand, wrap the board with plenty of cloth and pour boiling water over until it is in condition to bend. If a perfectly oval cockpit is wanted, the coaming must be cut off to the right length to have the ends butt against each other in the center of the sides. However, the coaming may be bent to shape and the ends joined in front in a V-shaped point, if preferred. In cutting the coaming, do not get it too short, but allow at least 14 in. more than seems necessary, to prevent the joint from spreading apart. when the board is screwed solidly into place. screws, countersinking the flat heads quite flush. - While a fairly good finish is gained without it, a piece of small quarter- round molding may be steamed and bent around the coaming along the deck to cover up the paint. First make the joint water-tight by calking with a few strands of candle-wicking, then brush on a little white lead paint. «The two strips of. half-round mold- .

The tacks along the keelson — may now be-pulled, since the outside will be screwed on here later on. The — canvas at the stems must be folded © neatly to fit into the rabbet which has —

M . pl

Attach with brass

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ill. also ig, and piece, - center, couple he top e can- thwise, tacks er line r from — stretch n each op rib. uld be nt. the m the Y% in. Ss will e half- place. ng for - y -the ockpit; , Slash Ker to! ekpit, ofthe: -mcee n Bin, § ginto - alding aming: board oiling on to ckpit e cut » ends enter ming ends. | oint, ming, w at sary, ading = ewed brass 1eads

ined rter- and ' the First king king, aint. 10ld-

‘ a A:

| MucTiptex HAMMOND ‘No Other Typewriter Can Write as Beautiful a: Letter , As the “Writing Machine’’

Two things you are entitled to when you buy a typewriter are : Uniformity of Type Impression And Perfect Alignment You get both when you choose the Multiplex Hammond. As an example, note the following reproduction of Multi- . plex writing: Dear Sir: Your communication is before me and I accept PRO= VIDING YOU CAN ASSURE ME THAT you will pro- “tect my territory. your proposition, The Impression of every letter js the same, and the alignment is perfect—it cannot be otherwise. Even the amateur can write as neat appearing eee from the beginning as the experienced operator. No Other Typewriter Can Do This The Multiplex does this because of its auto- matic action, giving each letter the same uniform, print stroke. As all of the ninety characters are on one shuttle, the alignment must be permanent, and it is impossible to ‘‘pile’’ type. Instantly changeable type sets enable the writer to change from one set of type to another at will— “Just turn the knob.” The wantioten writes many styles of type in ome ng See = ter of Personality”’ is the name earned byt te i Multiplex. The Itiplex is revolutionizing pepeurtting because bat is unlike any other typewriter : The Power of Em sis Can a be put into typewriting only i> on the Multiplex, just as you By in ay hie thespoken word. - typewriters in one.’ Peony sng om been sent free u _— the Goupen t for “a 3 a now A PORTABLE Model Weighs only 11 pounds, but does exactly the same work as the regular model. The logical type- writer for the home and for traveling. Ask ;for special folder. Write your name, address and occupation in the space Qeow and mail to— HAMMOND TYPEWRITER Co., 639 E. 69th St., New Yorx Crry

Name: Address:

Occupation :

ait eee Ap =e one many Bigs 81.09, 00 enald. ; ustrations, pos Pepaioy Silenss ‘Monthly, 225 W. 39th St., N. iy

“to” Get a Good Job You have “ods pee —in all— 135 ~~ know. It 2 dol MONEY BACK

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS’ HANDBOOK This book is a handy reference of Useful Tables, Mechanics, petals and.Magnetism, Direct Current Dynamos and Motors, Electric Batteries, Averaseg ing are: 2 now. screwed to the outside

of each gunwale:to. ce ver: the: heads of the tatks, thus 1 ea. buffer or fender-wale. The ‘endsof: the ‘molding the outside where they fasten -to thé stem piece. These are attached with brass: screws, the heads countersunk, and the holes filled with putty, colored to resemble the paint to be put on the canoe;. thus. assuring an even coating saropenent- iS The Outside Keel :: The oak strip for the outside keel is now attached. This fits. into the mortise on top of the bottom _ribband and is screwed solidly to the stem pieces with brass screws. In attach- ing the keel to the keelson, do not drill a hole through the ribs, but turn in the screws between, othetfwise the back- bone will be unnecessarily weakened. As to paint; nothing is so satisfac- tory asa dark green. It is attractive and_serviceable, and is especially de- sirable for the deck, because light colors hurt the eyes by reflecting too much light. Five or six coats of paint will be. required to fill the canvas and make a smooth surface. The more paint applied the heavier the craft will be, and if a very light- weight canoe is wanted, simply give it a single coat of paint, and apply more as needed. The Double-Bladed Paddle The paddle is made with a ferruled joint, like a fishing-rod. While the paddle can be made, it would be better to buy one, as in this way you-can get the paddle best suited to your weight. The 10-ft. length is a good one, and the blades should be oar-shaped, with the ends protected by strips of copper or brass. Spruce makes the best paddle. That the edges may “feather” or cut the air, the blades are turned in the ferrule until they are at right angles with each other. Dip-cups are sometimes used to prevent the water from running down the shaft, but only the novice uses them, since it requires ‘but little paddling experience to acquire the knack of throwing the drip ahead and away from the canoe, as the pad- dle is rolled in making the -stroke. The Sailing Rig While a canoe of this light de- sign is not satis- factory for beat- ing against the wind, a sail is often of great assistance when running before the. wind, and the. lateen rig illustrated in Fig. 9 will be found

WGDD HEEL STEP ot = = ; FIGIO Either screw-eye or

are planed down to a neat taper<on’. 1

very handy ona cruise: hinge may be used

; The S pring Adds Goetd ~The long, live sprin in the “YANKEE Quick Return Spiral Ratchet Screw-driver relieves you .of much of the work of.driving and drawing, screws. Saves about half your time too. Just PUSH. onthe handle—and thespring pushes it back, ready for you to push’ again. - The spring: holds the “blade snugly in the screw-slot. To draw the screw, “just move the Ratchet, . Shifter and—Push! The Spiral: Ratchet works just as well in reverse. And speed? Fast as you can move your hand. You. can’t outspeed the Return Spring. Best of all, you can work one-handed ; ‘way up over your head and in awkward’ places where you can’t use both hands. Right- and left- hand Ratchet and rigid adjustment, at the touch of your finger to the shifter. “y ANKER” Quick Return Spiral Ratchet Screw-driver —eSS---—

3 With three sizes of bits. No. 130—Standard Size (illustrated) Price $2.70 No. 131—Heavy Pat- yee Price $3.50 No. 135—Light Pattern satiieeke bee Price $2.15 y Your DealerCan Supply You The “YANKEE” Quick Return - Spiral Ratchet Screw-driver makes a practical and powerful! Push Drill, too. You can obtain the following “YANKEE” attachments: Chuck and Eight: Drill-points; Screw-holder; . Screw- eye holder; Counter- sink

Write for this free “YANKEE” Tool Book showing “YANKEE” Tools in action; better ways of drilling, boring, tapping, and driving and drawing screws. NORTH BROS. MFG. CO. PHILADELPHIA ANKEE KOLO) Re Pays ae | VC ELLE MESA

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Pipes, ‘ $1 to $25. isa 4 ae Cigar and : at Cigarette . lolders, j : 356 10 $10, : Sc) a, Sgt ery 7 oe iN _ Distinctive a Mouthpiece EDMANOL is the successful result of ten years of careful experiment and research work to find a substance for pipe mruthpieces, cigar and cigarette holders possessing the beauty of natural amber yet none of its frailties, real _ The wonderful ‘character lof this man- “adic amber, its beauty, luster, and transparency ; its toughness, non-inflammability, and ‘durability ; and because it-is remarkably adaptable to hand-cutting and fashion- ing into beautiful forms, make it the fastidious smoker's preference everywhere. Redmanol pipes and holders are for sale by leading dealers. If your local dealer is unable to supply you _ send us his name and we will see that you are supplied. Redmanol Chemical Products Co. , ae Il The Perfect a/VU , THE CONSTRUCTION a Well-known 79 Pages, 47" Tilustrations. Popular Science Monthly, 225 W. 39th OF ‘SMALL Writer on Electrical Topics Price, postpaid, $1.00 Most Valuable Teckno-Chemical Receipt Book Edited by GARDNER D. HISCOX, M. E. St., New York _ ALTERNATING CURRENT: MOTORS | Twentieth Century Book of By A. E. WATSON eceipts, Formulas and Processes Professor of Electricity Brown University and Cloth, price postpaid, $3.00; half morocco, $4.00 ~~ | Popular Science Monthly, 225 W. 39th St., New York A Business to: Enthase ‘Over——The “Ideal” Lawn Mower Sharpener A new inventio or that sharpens lawn mowers. salantificeliy-- perfectly, wonderfully; does the work as nothing. else can. att. ali cis says: “Ihave Earns’ $22 One Day ehed 289 Lawn | a Goop BUSINESS Elmer Smiley, Albia, Ia., writes, ae so far this this month, " PROPOSITION | “rp have ‘sharpened 22 2 lawn mowers and I intend to make it ¢ |. today.”’-$22.00 daily earnings is 400.” He charged $1.00 per | Wm. D. Troutner, Til., says, somie money. mower. If hes ned the oe preference of Lawn E. McCormick says: ‘Have. full 400 mowers, he earned | towns rg pepe ”» idea ” only 15-days—sharp- $400 in One Month. | Youcan have the same kind = oo 117 That iowekinn of work “IDEAL” paid for itself | fbusiness. , 4.» in less than a week. $117. In Two Weeks to too. small. 11. dull— You Start Now = ae Be loesn’t know oan get it sharpened. Mowing the lawn dreaded because of Gull or property serpeeee mower. poeee ae. , tovigerstng e20 pleasant w! pint toh Ideally” sharpened. You do the wor Lawn Mowers Sharpened to Razor Edge Focplegiad—owners dolignt | in mowi Write Today on$iiaiau book to to oot you. Write today for our proposition. The Root-Heath Department 27 IN LESS Pt . ANew Business—Big. Business tifically—you are in big.d wn withmower sharpened on an‘‘Ideal. sf 1 ht—-elieke—click—~click— and th cut. Build it ig! at e grass is permanen' Qzaeanane ay Bell & High Sts., Dept. Mfg. Co. plete proposition. _ Name Use This—Mail It Todayt- ; ROOT-HEATH. MFG. CO,).- . 27 Plymouth, Ohio ra of Sénd me at once details of your. com oe i thickest part of the plug. = . Popular Science Mon 7 The short mast is 4 ft. long and about 1}4 in. in diameter. The yard is . 7 ft. 6 in. long and about 7% in. in diameter. The boom is 6 ft. 10 in, | long and the same diameter as the yard. Spruce can be used, but bam. preve boo is the lightest and strongest mater. verti ial. Fishing-poles, known as bamboo § °"*! cane, can be used for the spars. * small _ A good way-to step the mast ig eithe shown in Fig. 10. A large strap. or fik | hinge is attached to the forward ably deck-beam, and the lower flap is cut — with off and bored to fit the mast. The of foot of the mast fits into a wooden . gcre\ block screwed to the floor-board; port: A screw-eye may be used in place of » it Wi -the hinge if desired, but the latter and folds up when not in use. lowe The sail is attached to the mast by the means of a ring lashed to the yard, thro which fits over a pin driven into the W top of mast. The yard is attached ere to the boom by means of connecting the rings, made by screwing two screw- ope eyes in the end of the yard and boom pla (if bamboo is used, drive a wooden low plug in the end to screw the eye in) and the | connecting the eye with a brass split bli ring. A strip of half-round brass, “il bent as shown in the drawing, is aga screwed to the boom and forms a jaw ne which holds it to the mast. How to Repair Your Canoe Repairs are easily made, in canvas jh craft, by coating a patch of silk or. | muslin with shellac varnish. The ing shellac made by dissolving orange m: shellac in alcohol should be about ac as thick as molasses, and may be smeared on with a flat stick. A special marine or canoe glue is also put up for making-repairs, and every canoeist should keep this shellac on hand. The water will soften the shel- lac in time; but if a coat of paint is brushed on after the patch is thorough- ly dry, it will last for years. When there is plenty of time for making repairs, coat the patch with spar varnish, and paint on another coat over the patch after sticking it down. A Simple Box for Holding Spark-Plugs DEEP ecigar-box, of the size in which fifty cigars are packed, makes a good foundation for a box in which to keep automobile spark-plugs. It may serve to carry extra plugs in the car, or to protect all of the plugs of an engine while the car-is being overhauled. The first step is to tear off the cover, and make a sliding top out of it by cutting grooves near the top of three edges of the box. Then get a block of — wood that fits snugly inside of the box, after. which bore six or more holes of ~ a diameter slightly larger than the A i> tt a ;.. Smaller holes can then be drilled in the. bottom of the first ones to take the se jeaencorns of the plugs.—Jos. BRINKER. :

Page 83

necting - screw- d boom wooden in) and iss split brass, ving, is S a jaw e Canvas silk on 1. The orange about nay be ick. A is also 1 every llac on he shel- aint is. orough- When making ° h spar sr coat / down. ling size in racked, box in~ -plugs. lugs in » plugs being off the — it of it — f three lock of — 1e box, oles of ~ n the — led in — ke the ‘ INKER. — throw switch. tril, 1919 i It Prevents the Accidental Closing of a Switch HE accompanying illustration shows a simple arrangement for preventing the accidental closing of a vertically mounted knife switch. It consists of a small box,made Upper clip either of wood or fiber, prefer- ably assembled without the use of nails or screws, SO pro- portioned that it will fit over and inclose the lower clips of the double- When it is de- sired to keep the switch open, the box is placed over the lower clips and the switch blades are pressed down against it, thus preventing its displace- ment.—PETER J. M. CLUTE. A Dirt-Guard for Use in Overhead Boring SIMPLE and inexpensive guard to protect the eyes of the man drill- ing, and to keep dirt from falling upon machinery beneath, is shown in the’ accompanying sketch. A funnel of suitable size made of The box is held in position by the weight of the switch blade 'A cardboard funnel on a drill used for over- head boring keeps chips from falling cardboard—or even newspaper may be used—is shaped over the drill so as to divert grit and chips into it. When the work is finished, the guard is easily slipped off and placed aside for future use.-—ERNEST SCHWARTZ. Ly at / be tet WW \ This year, see the real country— distant woods and hills ahd streams that rails don’t reach. Ride a Harley-Davidson Then the whole countryside is yours—for long Sunday jaunts or just for breezy spins in the twi- This sturdy, dependable motorcycle will always get you ‘there and back’’—and at less cost than any other form of quick ight. transportation. Your dealer can now show you the new models of “the ‘motor- cycle that is being talked about.” When the country opens up, and soft winds bring the woodsy per- fumes of Spring — who can resist the call of the Great Outdoors? l] HARLEY-DAVIDSON MOTOR CO. MILWAUKEE, WIS. aS Ye, SS Pees %. 0D “ee eS A ; ‘ es ‘ Ss i ~ + S. Build and Fly les Cove(=u. - BN Aeroplanes! Cones of IDEAL Model Aeroplanes t : a (IDEAL AEROPLANE & Supplies; 5c. None Free. This “nifty little car driven b: moter, eng he bolle -SYPHER MFG.CO. 174 Warren St. TOLEDO, OW! 97 SUPPLY CO., 80-86 West Broadway, N. Y. BOYS ‘BUILD THIS CAR “DON'T SHOUT” a SHow? With Tae MORLEY PHONE. F’ve a pair in my ears now, but they would not know I had them in, myself, only that I hear all right. “The Morley Phone for the is to the ears what glasses are to the eyes. Invisible, omfortable. weight- one hundred thousand sold. Write for booklet and testimonials. THE MORLEY CO., Dept.797, Perry Bidg., Phila. View Alba —) REVERSIBLE State postal. ; REVERSIBLE COLLAR CO., Dept. A Boston, Mass.

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PATENTS F YOU HAVE AN INVENTION which you wish to patent you can write fully and freely to Munn & Co. for advice in regard to the best way of obtaining protection. Please: send sketches or a model of your invention and a description of the device, explain- ing its operation. All communications are strictly confi- dential. Our vast practice, extending over a period of seventy years, enables us in many cases to advise in regard to patentability without any expense to the client. Our Hand-Book on Patents is sent free on request: This explains sour methods, terms, etc., in regard to “Patents, Trade Marks, Foreign Patents, etc. If _you are a reader of the “SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN u are probably aware of the oo tae Soeur Mack toe contains a. description of a large number of recently pat- ented inventions. Pending pat- ent legislation “as well as the . miost recent rulings of Patent Office and the courts , are considered in its columns. MUNN & CO. SOLICITORS OF PATENTS 683 Woolworth Bldg. NEW YORK and . 624 F Street, WASHINGTON, D. C. Unusual Investment Opportunities With the world again following peaceful pursuits, new financial, commercial and industrial developments should unfold unusual opportunities to foresighted in- vestors. It is the consensus of expert opinion that the United States, in the next few years, will enjoy unprecedented prosperity. This certainly. should be reflected by a vast improvement in security values. Invite us to send you our fortnightly publication. Investment Opportunities giving up-to-date information regarding the effect of current events on securities. Get the facts by consulting data contained in the Slattery Library. rite for cata- logue 2-PS, including booklet explaining he Twenty Payment Plan 40‘Exchange Place, New York SEND for these BUNGALOW BOOKS Plan Future Homes New with Economy Plans of California Homes ——noted for comfort, beauty and adaptability. to any climate. Cal. 53 Plans, $2500 to $7060—60cts “West Coast Bungalows” 72 Plans, $1200 to $2500—60cts PECIAL $1.50 OFFER 40 Plans, $500 to $2000—40cts Send $1.50 for books book 75 baw Pgh mag ool dove * éeeee FREE Money back if not satisfied E. W. STILLWELL & CO., Architects 737 Henne Building, Los Angeles HE illustration shows a wind- driven merry-go-around designed for use at the shore or mountain- side where there is a breeze almost daily. There are swings for two per- sons, and a seat for the operator at the center within reach of a cord which controls the machine’s motions. 10 ft. of canvas 4 ft. wide. 200 ft. of No. 12- to 15-gage wire; Rope, heavy twine, nails, casters, and pipe. : The design is such that it can ba- readily changed to meet the desireg of the builder or conform to the mas terials on hand. For this reason, few Exe A 15-ft. mast, held upright by three- guy-wires, revolves upon a small stump or flat block. Four arms radiate from the mast, supporting sails and swings. The sail control is shown in Fig. 1. Pulling the cord down exposes the same amount of canvas on each arm to the wind, and stops the machine. The weight of the merry-go-around is carried on six or eight casters set in the mast end, as shown in Fig. 2. A method of cutting the sails is shown in Fig. 3; Fig. 4 shows the top bearing, Q) woe fea i | i " ' | CORD TO SAIL HM ? i i CONTROL CORD Mie) 2 Loop} FIG.| and Fig. 5 the guy-wire anchors. The materials needed are as follows: One 15-ft. mast. : Four pieces for arms 8 ft. by 6 in. by 1 in. Four 4-ft. sail-masts. Four 4-ft. booms. Several shorter lengths. 98 as _ Acontrivance that offers the double advantages of being easy and inexpensive to build and a sure-hit amusement for the children definite dimensions have been given. This type of a wind merry-go-around has been evolved from a study of a number of tests made with a horizon- tal or sailing windmill. In the ex- perimental windmill various shapes, sizes, positions, and materials for sails were studied. It was found that in- creasing the number of sail arms does not proportionally increase the power. This is due to blanketing, or the pass- ing of one sail before another, thus momentarily cutting off the wind. With i a The sail control and how it operates to start and stop the machine, which can be made to brake either slowly or quickly four sail arms the wind is turned from a sail twice in each revolution, making a total of eight eclipses to a revolution. With six arms there are eighteen eclip- _ Ses, and with eight arms (the number used in many Chinese mills) there are — forty. A sail unit of two sails is more : powerful than one large sail. pace Science Monthy j A Merry-Go-Round Driven by the Wind — You can make it yourself

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given, round y of a rizon- he exe hapes, Tr sails rat in- is does power. » pass- , thus . With i from aking lution. © eclip- umber re are — 3 more — - f TTT ri | NK CAN IRON PIPE = FIG 2 SAILMASTS —~ °h6U6° ; y FIGS — SHEET METAL BEARING Se Te The stays should have some form of adjust- ment, as they will frequently need tightening Again, in one revolution the boom of each sail is flung over to take the wind. -In winds of thirty miles an hour or more not only a great wind pressure on the sail but an increasing centrifugal force whips the boom over, tear'ng it loose or snapping it in two, unless, of course, the mill is shut down or some compensating device is em- ployed to prevent it. Further, canvas sails, bellying a trifle before the wind, but stretched tight to prevent flapping, give one hundred per cent. more power. Burning Air in anAtmosphere of Illuminating Gas URNING .a jet of air in an at- mosphere of illuminating gas can be easily accomplished in the fol- lowing manner: Insert in the bottom of a lamp-chimney a two-holed stop- per carrying glass tubes, as shown in the diagram, tube CD being about 4 in. in diameter. On top of the chim- ney, place a piece of. as- bestos paper with a-hole in the center. Place the palm of the hand over the top of the chimney, and turn on the gas. The air is quickly. -ex- pelled from the chimney, and the gas may be light- ed at C. Now remove the : was hand from the Illustrating how one flame will burn over the other top of the chimney, and the burning jet will rise to the position D and continue to burn. The gas may now be lighted at A, and the air drawn in at C will burn at D surrounded by an atmosphere of illuminating gas.—FLoyp L. DARROw. *. When you see red, and your “teeth come to gether with a click, and you - could break a chair or something—don’t do it! Grab your pipe, jam it full of good tobacco and light it right ‘away. A few minutes later you'll - be glad you did so. But in that few minutes you want a pipe that won't talk back. You want a The W..D. C.. triangle trade-mark has been the sign of supreme pipe value for more than 50 years. It is on not only every Wellington, but also on other pipes that we make of every style, size and grade. Price for price, grade for grade, there is no better pipe made than a W. D.C. Quick Relief! ellington. UNIVERSAL PIPE A Wellington never sputters or gurgles or hands you anything you're not looking for. The well keeps all moisture and loose tobacco to itself. The big, satisfying draughts of clean, cool, sweet smoke flow up, away from your tongue, through the top opening in the bit. The Wellington is the real thing, ight through. The bowl is genuine French briar, seasoned by our own process, so as to break in sweet and mellow. The bit is solid vulcanite. You ought to have a Wellington. Pipe. The workmanship is fine. It's chosen oftener than any other at 75 cents and up. There is no better value in a pipe. Wm. DEMUTH & CO.. NEW YORK WORLD'S LARGEST PIPE MANUFACTURERS All good dealers offer Wellingtons in many shapes, sizes and grades 5°00 °/o AGENTS 222-2 Gold and Silver Sign Letters For store fronts, office windows and glass signs of allkinds. No experience necessary. Any- one can put them on and make money right from the start. $30.00 to $100.00 a Week! You can sell to nearby trade or travel all over the country. There is a big for win- dow lettering inevery town. Send for Free Samples and full particulars. Liberal Offer to General Agents. METALLIC LETTER CO., 400 N. Clark St.. Chicago It’s Easy With Our Help A few hours yy vas saves many ol a eo We faraich to oj ~— Ry record. You —-~*, fine prof. it building phonographs for your friends. Write Today for Our Free Blue Print Offer Agents wanted for our ready built phonographs Choraleon Phonograph Co. 604 Monger Bldg., Elkhart,Ind. ¥ Build Your Own PHONOGRAPH fy to $ 25 billing, ruling and manifolding. _Made of Your name in g J. L. ULLRICH & CO. Dependable for a life time. Made right to write Absolute necessity to any business Man or wo: le writing point. Lock-Cap prevents. old inlay, 35c. FREE: Long or Shert— maa. Unequaled for eral writing, ure vulcanized rubber with non-corrosive, . -Extra.size, 8 in., black only, $1.50. Li supply of ink with retail orders. Good profits. 27 Thames St., New York

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SREEG course ORE Finger Print Experts are needed. _Men who are masters of this profession are scarce. The de- mand for Finger Print Experts is great. As a special inducement we will give you free of charge our new easy reading course in Secret Service Intelligence if you act at once. Be a a Finger. r. Print Expert Waill-ceso: teiiepen on the beaks of « trained brain. = You can doit as a master of the-Finger’Print profession. There is crying need for.Finger Print Experts right - now and’ the demand for these trained men is growing every day. A profession that offers wonderful opportunities for advancement. Governments, corpora- tions, police departments, institutions ‘and individuals have constant use for these specially trained men. The work is fascinating and The Pay Is Big! No special education is necessary. You can become a master of this profession by studying at home in your spare time. Expert Finger Print men travel all over the country solving mysteries that baffle all others. They are important men and highly regarded and envied by every one. Mail the Coupon Get full information about this great pro- fession and our big offer of a free course in Secret Service Intelligence. The mas- tery of these two closely allied professions places a brilliant career within your grasp. Achievements that will immediately place the stamp of success upon you, are now possible. Send this coupon for full information NOW. University of Applied Science Desk 1204, 1772 Wilson Ave., Chicago Gentlemen: Without any pementions whatever, send me your new FREE book on Finger Prints 4 your offer rot @ free course in Secret Service Intelligen: iii | appearance, ‘of overcoming § °D0to’25O0aMonth "Bava biel) etal: lent Trained men are in big demand at good salaries by the Signal De- rtment of every large railroad in the United States. Today the opportunities are bigger and better than ever. RAILROAD SIGNAL MEN ded larie: to $250 a month. The “training necemeary ta got races iS in this js fascinating work can be easily acquired at home by any ambitious m: Write today for Free _. t all the ‘facts "before you, the big ti t the United States. all about our big special i tree outfit. Write a letter or posteard or send coupon now. DEPARTMENT OF SIGNALING 1810 Wilson Ave., Room 1204, C hicage DEPARTMENT OF SIGNALING . 1810 Wilson Ave., Room 1204, Chicago send me sheclutely free and prepaid. without me in book on Engineering. Meee ee oan on i ncar Special Pree Outht. OQeoupaiOR . o's ccc ccccccccccccccscsevccs tug your eourse, all pave yon roa: Rete ai Protecting Drop Cords Over Machinery HERE drop cords to electric lights are installed over mach- ines that use a constant flow of oil the re-inforced cord near the socket is sub- jected to con- stant hand- ling by the operator with oily hands. This causes rapid deterior- ation of the in- sulation, bad a FIBER TUBE 8 SLALING-WAX ia d COMPOSITION BUSHING and eventually trouble at this point. The fol- lowing method Safety _ first for drop cords this evil is cheap and easy and quite satisfactory. It also acts as a strain re- lief for the cord terminals. Referring to the illustration, which shows the construction clearly, it will be seen that the device consists of a fiber tube about 4 in. long with an inside diameter of 5% in., which is suffi- cient to cover the threaded collar of the socket. This tube has a hole drilled near one end to slip a round- head machine screw, that is turned into the hole, in the socket collar pro- vided for the bushing set-screw, thus fastening the tube firmly to the socket cap. After it is in place sealing wax is poured in. Poultry Nests on the Spokes of a Wheel NOVEL place for hen’s nests is shown in the illustration. An old carriage wheel was mounted on its axle and the axle set vertically in the ground. Between each two spokes is a space convenient for a nest. To hold the nest, mesh wire was hung between, slightly slack so that it would bag. Into this was placed straw or hay for the nest.—J. A. MONTGOMERY. An apartment-house for hens which can be revolved to obtain the eggs without moving from one position 100 Popular Science Mo This Is a Handy and Versatile Tool LD pst i use a machine called a dental engine when drilling teeth, © The shaft. is flexible, and the dentist bends it this way or that, to suit his convenience. When the drilling jg finished he removes the drill and puts on a sandpaper or emery disk, or even a small circular saw. What a handy thing this would be for the -work-bench—but the price of one of these machines is considerable. How- ever, at slight cost, one may be made and is wonderfully convenient. A brass or steel coil spring is pro- cured about two feet long and about ~ as big around as a lead pencil, shown at A, Figs. 2 and 8. To one end of this coil a short, rigid shaft, G, Fig. 2, is fitted, the coil coming up over the shaft and close against the collar, F. The coil and shaft are then soldered to each other so that they turn together. The same is done with another short shaft on the other end of the coil, A and O, Fig. 3. This makes a: complete flexible shaft with a short, rigid shaft at each end. Diagrams of flexible shaft and connections of dentist’s drill Another coil spring, somewhat larger, about one inch longer, and of bigger wire is used as a sleeve. Into one end of this is fitted a bushing R, Fig. 2. The sleeve B is brought up close to the shoulder of the bushing and sol- dered to it. A A rubber tube or cover, C, Fig. 2, is slipped over the whole thing, coming up against the shoulder of the bushing. After this is done the other bushing, N, Fig. 3, is put in place, that end of the sleeve soldered .to it, and the rubber tube pulled up to the shoulder of that bushing. A washer, H, and pulley, J, Fig. 2, is put in place. On the other end a check, M, is fastened to shaft O by a set screw Q. A man- dril, K, with a sandpaper disk, J, is held in the chuck M by a set screw, L. This completes the tool. The machine maybe fastened to a work-bench, and run by foot-power or by a motor, as shown in Fig. 1. Sandpaper disks, emery disks, car- borundum wheels, mandrels, etc., can be easily supplied. - Take drill

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“April, 1919 Teaching a Bottle How to Smoke « N amusing experiment or trick can be performed as follows: ae Take an ordinary wine bottle and “ his drill a small hole in the cork by heating 1s _ 1 puts ik, or hat a r the me of How- made 3 pro- about shown nd of . “ig. 2, pr the collar, then y turn with r en This - with

This gives a very clear idea of how the trick should be done @ a 10d nail red-hot and pushing ‘it through the center of the cork while in the bottle; then enlarge the hole for about 1% in. of its length to the diam- eter of a cigarette. Take the cork ) : out, and fill the bottle with hot water, allowing time enough for the bottle to become quite hot; then pour out the water. Place the cork in the bottle, and insert a cigarette in the hole. Light the cigarette while pouring a glass of cold water down the outside of the bottle to cool it, and the bottle will quickly fill with smoke, thereby con- suming the cigarette at great speed. The reason for this is that the cooling of the bottle contracts the

arger, - air inside, thereby setting up a strong v1gger suction, which in turn draws in the - a smoke.—ALFRED W. MARDT. ‘ig. se to d sol- A “Safety First’? Guard for a ae ' Leather-Cutter ming HE tool shown in the illustration shing. is the ordinary leather-cutter, shing, q nd of 1 the yulder , and ‘fh On ee ~ wa eet tall tened ; wlll hy "7 A sheet-metal guard to ee be placed over the knife crew, re but it is protected over the cutting seas edge. Its automatic guard is actuated a3: by the spring as shown. ia, The guard is shaped from sheet can metal, and is slipped over the handle

with an open spring which presses

A a oui Can You Answer these Questions on Shop Work’ HEskilled mechanic today isaspecialist. He has no opportunity to build a complete machine or even a small part of one. His active work is carried along rather limited lines. But to make the best success in his work—to secure promotion to more responsible duties or to go into business for himself—it is absolutely necessary that he have a broad and comprehensive knowledge of machine work and shop practice. There is ogly one really feasible way for the me- ; chanic to familiarize himself aft —s with other shop lines outside his own individual work— and: that is to have spe- cialists in all lines give him all they have learned in a form that will be readily, accessible. There you have » the reason for the famous standard reference work, called ‘‘Modern Shop Practice.”’ A surface of cast iron is to be finished in one cut on a milling ma- MODERN SHOP. PRACTICE | 2222" ° and 5 inches wide. The milling Si : rapier ater Sorceress “Modern Shop Practice’’ is a wonderful reference it take fo.do the work? Assume « work in Machine Shop Practice and Management, | “for what purpose is « magnetic Production, Manufacturing, Metallurgy, Welding, | yx ee. processes for cutting Tool Making, Tool Design, Die Making and Metal | sear teeth? the ratio Stamping, Foundry Work, Forging, Pattern Making, | of,twe sears, when the numbers of Mechanical Drawing, etc. It has been tested through |. The lead screw has a pitoh of 14 . *,° inch. is © rato OF ¢ six editions, bought by thousands of mechanics, con- be sed to cut a screw with 18 rea per inch?! sulting engineers, shop superin- | What determines the cutting speed A Few of the | tendents and owners, production | “Gjre s snort. des Bases 9 description of the ° thermit-welding process. cee babe managers, etc. What is essentially the first step Mechine Shen, Prae- in making any tool from a tool- . s#s ker's standpoint? Machine Shop Man- New Edition Why. is it ‘cialis to cut the oineion Manu threads =f an a wD se s = ( ) what smaller than the desi: size yeni nly 7 Cent Ss a Day for the tap to cut? MetaHurgy Under what circumstances would

a Six magnificent volumes, flexibly bound | you consider it advisable to uso 6 Tool Design in American Morocco, gold stamped. 2,300 | when enlarging a hole? Why? eee aes pages. 2,500 illustrations. Photographs, PR Soro yg tegen gees leg Foundry Work drawings, explanatory diagrams, tables,etc. | jigs and similar tools? Forging Here you have at your finger tips up to date 8 ee ee Pattern Making |. | Jabor-saving methods that big manufactur- | ““How does the riser on a steel cast= ing, Etc. ers have spent thousands of dollars to | ing differ from one ees ¥ develop. Facts that you can use in your | nesesary in pouring @ mold in order : everyday work. Information that fits you | to obtain the noe enna re to earn bigger pay. All this is now yours in the new 6 volume | ,.°7 ore aes ied? set of “‘Modern Shop Practice,” on payments so easy as to What point carbon steel should be average only 50 cents a week or only 7 cents a day! et Why is it necessary to reheat large pieces after they have been hardened? SHIPPED FREE What must be the outside diameter of the original wooden pattern for No money in advance. Not a cent. See the books in your | the im of & pulley with ot pulley own home or shop absolutely free at our risk. Read them, | to be 30 inches and the width of examine them, study them for 7 whole days before you need eaters sad decide whether you want to-keep them or not. Send no money to get the books for free examination. Make no deposit. Assume no obligation. Simply sign and mail the coupon herewith and the books will be promptly shipped to you for 7 days’ free examination. If you are not more than delighted with the books and do not con- sider them a wonderful investment, just send them back to us, and you won’t owe us a cent. If you prize the books and consider them worth many times their price to you, send only $2 within 7 days and then $2 a month until the special introductory price of $19.80 has been paid. Send No Money Merely sign and mail the coupon and the books will be shipped to you at our risk. Get the coupon in the mail at once before this special offer is withdrawn. Send it today—NOW! AMERICAN TECHNICAL SOCIETY Dept. M-1204, Chicago, III.

_ — commen — —_—— — Seeesteemnedl — — — —_— E RE 1 I American Technical Society, xtra eatu re e Dept. M-1204, Chicago, U. 8. A. | * me: send me set of Modern Shop Fsoation fae ss To those who order promptly, we | # {3 uy Tiwi sond $5.00 wit ears, Colette balates ae will give free a consulting member- | © Sct Reuihe that the $30.00 ectat backs ani $13.00 consulting She : ‘ : bership are mine and f id for. If I think I t ship in the American Technical Society i srahip ere mine and fully paid for. If I think T can get for one year. This gives you the right to : ee ask our experts any question regarding | , Name shop practice for an entire year. You | # eee eee eee ee eee ee ee eee eC eee ee eee eee ee)

against it.—ERNEsT SCHWARTZ.

may ask as many questions as you please.

Bh Metebenee <<... Mba sinac es Mey vksecrcsceesnanatecs ee

101

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** Outdoor life did it.’’ ‘American ns love of life in the open made ible an army.of stalwart, self- reliant fight fighters, What other sport like canoeing? Witk a canoe you can sail or paddle, drift or race, fish. or swim and dive in the cool waters. There’ snoother canoe like the “Old Town’’—so staunch mere Sg so Swiftand s mapa aad so pends able *‘pal’’ and carry- » all. Paddle your own canoe— m. and be it’s an.““Old Write fot View ok. Dealers everywhere. OLD TOWN CANOE COMPANY 1894 Main St. Old Town, Maine

The KOBAN will ‘run away” from any other rowboat motor because its two cylinders produce more power. In every way, it isthe motor y for the man who demands real service and efficiency. The KOBAN does not shake the boat, because @ both cylinders fire at the same time, neutralizing the shock,

ROWBOAT MOTOR Only by this 2-cylinder opposed con catalog struction can you avoid the vibration hat = puleutpresatecie., Reet Seige aevies and ruins rowboats. vi inf jorma- pt yn nage: and besching or com: Used by U. 8. FA ‘andin 36 Be foreign Derive We also make an Sheard engine for agents Circular 80 telis all about ét. wanted. KOBAN MANUFACTURING CO.

298 South Water St., Milwaukee, Wis., U.S. A MAKE YOUR BIKE A MOTORCYCLE at a small cost, by our attachable outht. F Fits any Bicycle. Easily at- tached. No special tools required. **Used His Four Years’”’ Harry A. Hyatt, of Boreas River, New York, writes: “About four years ago I received my motor attachment, and wish to say that I am satisfied with t tn every way, for tt has certainly given me good. service. Anyone wanting a motorcycle or attachment, I would rec- ommend them to the Shaw Manufact- uring Co.” FREE BOOK ix; Write soe Se for berrsin describing the SHaw ? Bicwele Motor At- tachment. M cles all makes, new nd-hand. .00 up. SHAW MANUFACTURING CO. Dept. 169 GALESBURG, KANSAS aoe A MOTOR-CYCLE AT A » RELIABLE STEFLEY MO TOR on your wheel. Easy to attach. Costs less to run than aueaiartaibee-emie If you write at once you can secure one at the low price. Send stamp. STEFFEY MFG, CO. Dept. S, 5025 Brown St., Philadelphia, Pa.

An easily made home-made time and labor saver HE, intention of this home-made portable conveyor is to reduce the time and -labor in loading dirt, sand, ashes, and like material into a wagon, motor-truck, or other conveyance.

Fasten the frame together with band-iron as shown, with the belt con. veyor rollers at each end. Mount the frame on two flat-rimmed iron wheels about 3 ft. in diameter. Secure these

100' OF WIRE FROM WALL PLUG, IN FLEXIBLE CONDUIT Detailed diagram showing position of the motor connected to the conveyor belt This conveyor may be operated by hand-power, but a small electric motor of about 2-horsepower with a long con- necting electric wire is a more efficient plan. Make the main frame of two pieces of oak-12 in. wide and 314 in. thick, or if one solid piece is not available use four 2-in. pieces bolted together in pairs with carriage bolts. Spruce or yellow pine will do if oak cannot be obtained.

363" IRON BRACES ON BOTTOM ONLY

O)P|_ 1," 12 3h SPROCKET a~ oo “ ‘ eo BUSHINGS ANE 1RON WHEELS | SPROCKET FAST 9 TO 52 ROD = . a 36 wire we SPOKES — 8 if 1"IRON ROD | FOR AXLE ow _- rs PIPE FOR THRUST | WASHER

in band-rion brackets or bearings. Make the top roller adjustable at its axle, so that the belt may be tightened when required. This is accomplished with two screws, as shown in detail. The power is applied to the upper roller with a heavy chain and sprocket. If you prefer electric power, then use the following assembly of parts: A wood frame built as described before and mounted on 3-ft. iron wheels

1" moti a) 114° HOLE

LAG SCREW ADJUSTER

PE BUSHING

Z : ye a) DETAIL-BELT. AND ) / LEATHER BELT CARRIER STRIPS COTTER PIN CHAIN SPROCKET

Method of fastening the frame together with 4 8” - —>| strap-iron, and fastenings of the conveyor rollers oe :

Popular Science Mindy A Portable Ash or Dirt Conveyor —

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con-

‘ings. it, its ened ished etail. ipper cket. n use ribed heels 2 4" E +t . April, 1919 fs supplemented with a small frame made of band-iron and a piece of sheet metal 1% in. thick on which to set the motor. From the position of the small motor is driven a counter-shaft at- tached to the frame, and this drives the chain to the 10-in. sprocket on the upper roller shaft. A small electric switch is fastened with screws to the side of the frame near the motor, and a length of flexible conduit is connected from the switch to the nearest current plug. This allows the conveyor to be moved about, and its radius of movement is that of the length of the electric cable. This cable should be quite long, since it is necessary to change the position of thé load as well as that of the conveyor. ” chenana sprockets and chains are used in transmitting power from the electric motor to the roller. The bearings are made of ordinary iron rods with band-iron clamps as shown. The gear reduction from the electric motor should be estimated so that the revolutions per minute will be 25. A good second-hand motor will do very well. These usually have a belt pulley attached. Remove this pulley and apply a heavy motorcycle sprocket. If the hole in the sprocket is too small, bore it out to fit the motor-shaft. From this sprocket run a motor-cycle chain to the counter-sprocket, which should be a double sprocket revolving on a bearing; as shown in the detail. From the counter-sprocket run another chain to the 10-in. sprocket at the top of the conveyor-frame. To Make Adjustments To tighten the drive chain from the motor to the counter-sprocket, shift the motor toward the rear, which is accomplished when its foundation bolts rest in slotted holes. To tighten the chain from the counter-sprocket to the 10-in. sprocket, simply screw down on the nuts of the bolts that hold the axle in place. This also makes the adjust- ment on the conveyor-belt when neces- sary. Both must harmonize. The rollers are made of two pieces of a clothes-line post sawed off to make them 11 in. long. These are bored centrally to receive a 34-in. rod 24 in. long. This rod runs in the pieces of pipe inserted in the wood frame which act as bearings.—P. J. Avery. Combination Head for Ball- Peen Hammer ERE is a very handy trick that mechanics will wonder why they did not think of before—a combina- tion soft- and hard-faced hammer. When making repairs or overhauling, there are many shafts, pins, gears, bushings, etc., that one needs in order to rap in or out and yet not mar the finish. With this combination hammer it can be done. There is no need to hunt up a chunk of brass or a_ block of wood or to look for the copper ‘maul.—CHARLES H. WILLEY.

Cath ata

ia necessary. Bed New Colonial design in s turdy S Steel Be : popular continuous post ie. size, measuring : wide. The posts are 13 in.thick, Five i in. fiin rods are set into the top and lower rails wi strong, stee giesie yaks. Stands 63)4 in. at head end Colors “Bare white or popular all gold Vernis Guaranteed Spring SP!cidialy made, uns \ tbe Let Us Loan You ” This Bed - Spring - Mattress Keep the complete outfit and use it for 30 days. Set it up and sleep in it, Treat it just thesame .as if you owned it. After a month, it, no explanations or apologies are necessary.. That’s the way with everythi £ 8000 bargaius from our new free boo ‘' Send Only One Dollar Enclose this small d this triffling densals freight charges and hauling expense, Order right from is paper.

LEE WIIG /j tad AN AL ating — — hile ! if you wish to return ing. here. And es My is only one eposit in a plain letter. That is all that . rn finally decide that the outfit is not wanted will be returned to you immediately; also all will not sag. Angle link fabric secured to corners with steel ands. Fastened to angle stats fens frame with 27 coil springs. Fits bed. Very comfortable and Restwell Mattress ¥°73. comfortable and with best combed excelsior, overlaid. with clean fine cotton on top and si , closely tufted and firmly stitched. Best grade ticklng. Order by No. RB6179 41,3,icces,,be?. $19.95

snd for oor: newest and biggest aval and ju its dis ays simply for value, qual- ad bonety. nk about the credit pa aune as an extra aiventuan. About ticles are pictured and described. Every- thing shown big—no eye straining over lit- tlepictures. Many things like carpets, rugs, linoleums, etc., printed in their real colors. Nothing for the home is left out or —— You can get a wringer or stew mse just the same as a beautiful davenport andsome silverware. It is so different from the ordinary run of catalogs, that you will just love to look it through. a is twice the usual size, covering 11 x 15 inches. It costs us with the mailing, about $1 acopy. Toyou it is free. Simply ask for it. Pay Little by Little as You Get Your Money When we p send you our bargain book,

Free Book of 8000 Furniture Bargains Credit Without Asking—Take a Year to Pay ’ When you send things back, the trial h4s cag come ~aunt Spieoe| Mau, Slern On re es 1251 West 35th St., Chicago your account, Then you can feel perfectly at home here. You won’t ever need to ask for credit. We have arranged all that in advance. When you want anything just tell us to send it the same as we have told you about the outfit on this page. There can never be any embarrassment. There is no red tape here. We never write your friends, employers or neighbors. We haven’t any collectors. Free Loan Answers All | When you have our book, and any doubt or question ever arises in your r mind, just stop and consider our free loan. it takes care of every- thing. It takes away from you any chance of being disappointed — any risk of the slightest loss. not cost you even a penny. Ask for FREE

10 Cents a Day Pays for This Symphonola Plays all records, Victor,.Columbia, Edison, Pathe, Little Wonder, Emerson. Take a year to pay, after 30 days’ trial. Compare its tone for clearness, volume with more costly instruments. Return at ~ expense if it fails to make good. Ask today for the Beautifully illustrated peer pe ys Book -REE. Shows this and other honola ay les oe ay} acy payments S. SVP HONOLA ROS—Get our list of the latest song, dance, popular, a yang full toned disc records. Playable on any Phonograph. Larkitt Co Desk SPSM-419 Befile, N. Y. ‘103

AN EASY WAY TO MAKE MONEY <2: wd along ona small salary. Be independent. Go in the tire re- ring business. = man says “*I made $60.00 the first Others averag: e ee to $500 'a month. ‘ery little ital needed. Jobs plentiful. Ever is @ pos- sible customer. No experience need We teach you, SALER Tire Repair = ved Wrapped Tread Method ee sed by Tire Manufacturers Does as work as the big high priced vulcanizi outfits. can use it. It’s the only wubseshoar that has Automatic Heat Control, and can’t undercure .or overcure a ‘tire. Requires no watching or x FREE Book **How to Open a Tire Repeir Shop. It tells how to make big an. Don’t delay. Write quick. Cc. A. SHALER Co. 2 2103 Fourth St. | Waupun, Wisconsia

ne : |

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Phonograph Records! A—Ordinary Steel Needle, new, B—As the ordinary needle wears down, owing to its taper form, it can no longer fit the record groove perfectly and hasatendency toweartherecord. C—Sonora Needle having parallel sides, ALWAYS fits record groove exactly and lengthens the record life. Semi-Permanent Bes NEEDLES Replace steel needles! They play 50 to 100 times without wearing out. Use Sonora Needles for mellower tone, greater economy, conven- ience and for longer record life. Loud— Medium—Soft 30c. per package of § At all dealers or write Sonora Phonograph Sales Company, Ine. GEORGE E. BRIGHTSON, President Executive Offices: 279 Broadway, Dept Dept. z, New York Use Sonora Needles on all makes of steel needle records CAUTION! Beware of similarly structed needles of inferior quality,

RESET HANDLES-STOP LEAKS WITH} SMOOTH: ONecewent nor Dollars saved on dozens of household repairs from cellar to attic. Easy to apply as putty. Any one can make permanent repairs. C for —

At Hardware and Auto Supply Stores. Write for interesting Booklet on Home repairs. ney; tae a ae MFG. O% — City, N S.A.

Vis a, ia os leg Noiseless Target Practice Fit your 22 with a Maxim Silencer and get no end of fun = winter practicing in backyard and basemen IM SiLENCER It eliminates recoil and all noise of REE ham sinc Bing ——— your aim. any .22 or 22h wer rifle. Book of stories of actual users. free. MAXIM SILENCER CO. 93 Homestead Avenue., Hartford, Conn.

HEN hay or.alfalfa is extremely heavy, so that the ordinary guard or track cleaner on a mowing- machine fails to work, a rope, one end of which is attached to the end of the cutting bar at or near the end guard, and the other end attached to the seat, will do the work. To avoid the hay being dragged

Ff <n A Regular Y means of a door that opens by sliding up and down as well as swinging inward and outward, a drug- gist has provided his store with an entrance that’ is equally suitable for all seasons of the year. In summer the store, after being once opened in the morning, has no need for doors at all; therefore in summer the perpendicular opening of the doors is used. To close up the store at the end of the day, the doors are simply pulled down and locked. In winter the doors are permanently lowered, and then the swinging action Keep the Mower’s Wheels Clean with a. Rass along by the rope, the operator should alternately “‘pull up” on the rope and “ease away,” causing the hay to roll out of the way. A loop within easy reaching distance makes the ropes — easier to grasp. In adjusting the rope, make it slack enough to clear the stick on the cleaner-board.—_GLENN A. GRANGER, w.) a Sh A rope run from the grain guard to the driver’s seat keeps the falling hay or grain out of the wheels’ path Trick Door of the two panels is used. There are, of course, two separate sets of locks by which the place may be locked against either the perpendicular open- ing or the swinging doors. pendicular movement is made easy by having the panels’ mounted on rollers, and by the use of weights to counter-balance the weight of the doors. This type of door is entirely prac- tical, and while this especial style shows it at work in a drug-store, it is adaptable to other stores as well.—JOHN EDWIN Hoac. A door that slides ied, downward, inward, and out-

’ ward. is ‘easily “adaptable for all seasons’ of the year ~ 104

The per-

ai ze, _——di- ap... oct

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e are, locks ocked open- 2 per- easy d on its to ' the prac- style store, S as April, 1919 Terminal for Testing Direct- Current Armatures HE armature of a direct-current > machine can be tested for com- mon troubles by means of the arrange- ment shown in Fig. 1. The two op- posite brushes bearing on the commu- tator—the other brushes being re- moved—are connected with a source of current through an adjustable re- sistance and an ammeter. The ter- minals of a low-reading voltmeter are attached to an exploring terminal, such as that shown in Fig. 2. When in use the current is adjusted to cause an appreciable voltmeter deflection, when the exploring points rest on adjacent -commutator bars. The points are then moved around the periphery of the commutator and bridged across the insulation between every two bars. If the deflection of the meter is of the same magnitude for every pair of bars, it indicates that there is no short circuit in the arma- ture. : A poor connection between a bar and coil will cause a considerable — Adjustable resistance \Wooden handle Terminal teaa- Fio.? Circuit showing method of making the test and (below) the device for making the connection meter deflection when one of the points rests on the bar in trouble and the other rests on either of the adjacent bars.—PETER J. M. CLUTE. Worn-Out Hacksaw-Blades as Glue-Spreaders ANY uses have been suggested for worn-out hacksaw-blades, but it is doubtful if they can be put to better employment than as glue-: spreaders in the wood-worker’s shop. _ For most. purposes it is sufficient simply to break the saw in two and use the pieces as they are. For special work, the point can be quickly ground down to the proper size and shape on an emery wheel. The saw-blades will be found supe- rior to any wooden spreader.’ It has the proper amount of elasticity, is just the right width, and is light and strong. No matter how much glue adheres to it, it can always be cleaned quickly. Be guided by This Trade-Mark “The recollection of QUALITY remains long after the PRI CE is forgotten.” —E.C.SIMMONS. Trade Mark- Registered. CUTLERY Aes TOOLS The KEEN KUTTER trade-mark will never fail you. _ When you see it on tools and cutlery you can abso- - lutely depend on their high quality. For years, its dependability has been universally recognized. SIMMONS HARDWARE COMPANY ARMATURE AND .MAGNET WINDING By Horstmann & Tousley A necessary for Electricians. Full facts and diagrams, $1.50 postpaid. Popular Science Monthly, 225 W. 33th St., New York ELECTRICITY MADE SIMPLE A book devoid of technicalities. Simple, plain and understandable. $1.00 Postpaid. Popular Science Monthly, 225 W. 39th St., New York ee et eee ane ae MARNAR RRS and ee for 30 days FREE; then, if ins wi ene $1.85. It you don't like | it return it, SEND NO MONEY. COMPANY, 604 More Building, St. Louis, Mo. Gasoline Engine Ignition, Medi 4) work. Red Seal "ry Batteries Are Guaranteed to give absolute satisfaction for Automobiles, Motor Boats, Gas or ical Batteries, Telephone, Door Bells, Annunciators, Wireless Apparatus or any other open circuit - ASK. YOUR DEALER FROM FACTORY TO YOU 600 OF THE GROUSE co. 1a nas Soe eee Attleboro, Massy. OL eth Supplies, etc. Send for Our-New Edition of Our Catalog A28 It will be pocket size, Ss O76 ane wil cuptein 388 neees with over 1,100 ¢ en nip ‘elegraph te’ Alarm Contri Electric Bells. tteries, Motor. Boat Electrically Ba’ nectors, Switches, Battery Cenaesy Wireless Telegraph Instruments, Ignition MANHATTAN ELECTRICAL SUPPLY COMPANY, inc. t Bells, Push Buttons, and tos NEW YORK, 17 Park Place CHICAGO, 114 So. Wells St. ST. LOUIS, 1106 Pine St. SAN FRANCISCO, 6 Minin St ae.

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your @ own =a tewtess, If you decide to buy ofa sow conte a 2 SES nearly two cent ‘ Gov’t with trumpets tor

You may have Pour, our choice of f more than 2, 2,000 instruments for a week’s trial in Seat fon you a penny. | Convenient Monthly Payments may pay the loy thelow It checks mental cal Buy through your stationer Write for 10-day Trial Offer Adding Machine (ae 7G ALE 6 C7 TN _ Vy Ganeher, A. A. M. Oo. Duane St., New York seg _lL_/\ Agents wanted Ce s -Subtracts

The typewriter stand as it is used outdoors © under a shade tree, weather permitting hour, and the size and shape of it was, to a large- extent determined by the material already on hand. A piece of redwood board 814 ft. long, 12 in. wide and 1 in. thick, and a similar piece 51% ft. long 4 in. wide and lin. thick was used in its construction. The space under the raised portion. on which the typewriter is placed forms a convenient place for loose sheets. It ‘also provides a convenient hand-hold for carrying the stool from place to place. Since it was made it has been put to some use by every member of the family. It has been utilized for read- ing, writing, peeling potatoes, and asa stand in such work as hanging out clothes and picking fruit. —

A perspective view of the typewriter stand, with dimensions for its construction A clean piece of lumber free from knots should be selected, and the plans drawn upon it with a pencil. The pieces necessary to make the stool are the front upright, the back upright, the seat, the sides of the seat, and the sides of the stool, If properly made this stool will last indefinitely.—Ep- | WARD H. CRUSSELL.

ing carc tos for spig The whe Pas Sars Oe

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doors itting yy the lece of — 12 in. similar d lin. ion. ortion. forms ts. It d-hold ace to put to f the Tead- d asa g out and, tion from plans The 1 are right, d the made —Ep = ze ‘April, 1919 5; Placing Old Tanks Overhead for Oil Storage SIMPLE plan of storing a num- ber of different grades of lubricat- ing oils is shown below. Four dis- carded hot-water boilers were moun- ted on a hanging platform, and piped to spigots brought in convenient reach for filling cans. A shelf beneath the spigots serves to hold the oil-cans. The holes in the top of the boilers where the pipes originally entered 3 3 Any number of these tanks may be installed overhead, making a very compact way of delivering oils were left open as vents, and additional holes were drilled near the tops to receive short pieces of pipe with el- bows for filling purposes. This oil magazine can be made at small expense, and is sure to prove satisfactory for the storing and dis- tributing of oils, especially in a large garage.—ERNEST SCHWARTZ. What to Do with Hard Spots in Welds XY-ACETYLENE welds often : have glass-hard spots where it is impossible to grind them out, yet they must come out ‘before machining or filing can be done. They can often be “popped” out by the use of a sharp chisel driven in the work: at the side of the spot and getting far enough under to wedge the spot off after which the work - Midnicipalit _ Manufacturer _ Wholesale House _ Department Store _ Advertising Agency _ Mail Order House _ Electric Light Co. _ Ship Building Co. _ Railroad | Every Business. Publishing House Bond House University Insurance Co. Bank Contractor. - Export House - Etc., Etc. eg Needs the Expert Accountant Make Yourself the Man Wanted The opportunity is here for expert accountants. The war is over. An immense program of reconstruction is to be carried out. Haphazard, hit or miss methods must give way to exactness, efficiency and the skilled handling of problems—both old and new. That all means a greater demand ever before for the man trained in modern accounting—the man who is a keen analyst—who can map the conditions of a business—-think — plan. pXe is{sere)sel= An Expert CCOUNTANT Great organizations everywhere want the expert business analyst. They niet the man who can show them where they stand—who can map the whole situation in figures—who can suggest. ways to eliminate waste of time and money and tellewhy and how to authorize expenditures in certain directions—who can tell what the'real income of the business is and how to put economical policies into operation..\, Every business must have this information if it is to meet the close competition of today and make correct reports to the government. The man who can do all this and who can put efficient equier: into the office or factory is the man wanted now. Heis the man to w Get Instruction from the LaSalle Experts These experts helped J 0. Roliieneds te pat 0 salary raise of 288%4—they trained H. E. Bro for a 200% increase—they enabled John J. Deskert to make ten times the cost of his course within six months from enrollment. LaSalle training has raised thousands of ‘men to better positions. The LaSalle method will train you by mail under res direct supervision of William B. Castenholz, M., C. P. A., FormerComptroller and Instructor, Gniversity of Illinois, assisted by a staff of Certified Public Accountants including members of the American Institute >f Accountants. Analysis and Organization, and the gs pee Account- ing, Auditing, Commercial Lew and Scientific Management all made clear; and you will be given special preparation for the C. P. A. examinations. Train by Mail Hold your present position while preparing for a higher one. Only your spare time is needed. Thousands men have won quick advancement and ‘ncreased salaries this way. Thesame chance is open to you. Begin your preparation now. Enrollment also gives you free use of our Consult- ing Service which brings advice on any business problem whenever you want it. The demand for expert accountants is beyond the peamehio eters. trained men even in ordinary times The recons B petes oS to follow peace will intensify the need fo for specials field. This is your oppor- tunity. Cash in on it. Train ow! om important, executive responsibilities will be-given. Small Fee—Easy. Terms The cost of LaSalle training is so small that the increased salary it will enable you to draw will soon pay for it over andover. (Many LaSalle members have been advanced beforethey completed their courses), You can pay on our easy terms—a little every month if you desire. W it Mail hecvenat and we will send you Fite tui > — also. our ay eg fon. “Ten Yon Promotion in On and our book “Proof’’ containing - evidence from men who have advanced. to high positions thru this course of expert ing. etia | LASALLE EXTENSION UNIVERSITY “The World’s Greatest Extension Univer sity’’ Dept. 483-HA Chicago, Illinois Without cost or ee on my part, please send me culars regarding your Extension Course of training in Higher Accounting and your Consulting Service. Also your books, “Ten Years’ Promotion In One” and “‘Proof.” : S| gees aS ete PI ite Sacsnegs8 in Sasi Present RE i eee eee ae can proceed.—DoNALD A. HAMPSON. THE CONSTRUCTION OF. SMALL ALTERNATING CURRENT MOTORS By A. E, WATSON Professor of Electricity Brown University and a Well-known Writer on Electrical Topics. 79 Pages, 47 Illustrations. Price, postpaid, $1.00 a ent Science te 225 W. 39th St., New York PAID FOR 24] YEARS | In good times and bad, in fF peace and in War, for 24 EF: rs we have paid 6% on FE Two-Year Time Certificates [3 and 5% on Certificates -: iS payable on demand. In- F] terest checks are mailed semi-annually. :| If you have as little as $25 to invest, you will interested _ in» our booklet, “6% and Safety,”. giving full particulars about this old |: ¢] and.tried institution. Write for it FS : The Calvert Mortgage Company 4 d BOLI Ge OS 08 ELT OL J. AUERBACHER. s THISIS THE BUSINESS FOR YOU —— BE Mus Now is the fer » time up bo Joma ii into it. oo se No Trang g.ezbetience neces necessary. am Decalco Transfer.Monogram Co 712 Clinton Building, NEWARK, N. J. ELECT RICAL CONTRACTING. By Louis . Shop system, estimating, wiring construction methods and hints on getting business. 155 pages; 225 illustrations. Price, $2.00, postpaid. Popular Science Monthly, 225 W. 39th St., N. Y. City

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Increasing the Rate-of-Profit Your investment ina ma- chine pays according te the rate-of-production; it’s an investment not only inthe machine but in efficient oper- ation of the machine. A Veeder Counter watches over your investment by recording production, show- ing the standard rate, help- ing run the machine at its full earning capacity. Improved mechanical feat- ation are often suggested by the records of 2 COUNTERS —for the guidance of the inventor and developer of mach- ines, no less than the owner an operator of machines. above registers number of revolutions of a shaft, where these correspond with the operations of your machine. Set back to zero by turning knob, and sup- plied with from four to ten figure- wheels, as required. Price, with four figure-wheels, $8.50 (list). The small Rotary Ratchet Count- ter below counts reciprocating move- mentsof the lever, where these reg- ister number of operations of your machine. When | through an le r of 40 to 60 de- grees, the counter registers one. A complete _revolu-. tion of the lever registers ten. A very durable counter, suitable to a wide range of small machines. Price, $1.75. Free booklet shows the full line of Veeders—a counter for every machine that should have one. Write for copy. The Veeder Mfg. Co. 44 Sargeant St. Hartford, Conn. ures and methods of oper-- N artist never sees the object he is attempting to draw or the scene he is viewing at exactly the same view- point. He looks at an object, lowers his eyes to see how he is drawing what he has seen, then when he raises his head again it will be two, three, or more inches out of the position it was at first and his eyes view the object from another angle. Distor- tion of vision follows, and distortion of the drawing is the natural result. Everyone who has at- tempted to draw at all is familiar with the old scheme of enlarging with squares—lining up the smaller drawing into 5 ie 4 squares 14 in. or more in ( size, lining another sheet of paper into squares 1 in. or-more in size, and then drawing what ap- pears on thesmall picture into the larger squares. An aid to sketching that is an adaptation of that ancient scheme, and in which the point of view remains fixed, can be made by anybody. - Have a frame made, or an old school- slate frame will do. Fit this frame rigidly toa bar. In this bar make holes’ for a small rod, which may be moved close or at a distance from the frame to-focus the picture similar to moving the bellows of a camera. On one end of the rod is a piece of metal or card- board, with a hole in the center of it for the eye aperture. The rod may be moved up and down so as to get the view one wants. To the frame are attached fine wires or threads, forming squares 1 in. * =a Popular Science Monthly An Aid to Beginners in Perspective Drawing | or more in size. or otherwise set it in place. Apply the eye to the eye-piece, focus the aid to suit requirements, or so that you ¢an - With an apparatus of this sort it will be easy for the artist to cbtain a proper perspective « see the picture as you want it through the squares. Have beside you a previ- ously prepared sketching paper upon ‘which are drawn lightly, in easily _erasable lines, squares larger or smaller, but corresponding in numbers with those on the frame. Then simply draw what you see. For instance, if the point of the spire is nearly to horizontal on the vertical line, place it so on the paper. Every time you look at the object or land- scape, the eye-piece takes the eye back to the original position which will obtain the proper perspective. F. W. FITZPATRICK. When Mowing in the Wind ANY a farmer has had the dis- agreeble experience of mowing in a wind and seeing with disgust the hay blown under the cutter-bar when he goes with the wind. Many times he is forced to stop work until. the wind lets up in order not to waste his hay; and in the haying season he cannot afford to let the work slacken. A simple and effective way of pre- venting this waste is to drag across the field against the wind a long piece of heavy wire—available on almost every. farm—from 100 to 500 feet in length. This wire is drawn across the field by two horses, one at each end. The wire bends the grass toward the coming mower, so that it falls back over the cutter-bar.— WILLIAM R. GAGE. * >Saer Drawing a rope through grass to turn it back so that the cutter-bar of a mowing-machine will pass under instead of over when driven across the field 108 These squares are | lettered and numbered. Set the affaiy on a window-sill, fasten it to a tripod, —

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» aid to | you Can

y e -hrough a previ- r upon easily smaller, ‘swith simply he spire vertical Every r land- he eye . which ve. ATRICK. ross the g piece almost feet in he field 1. The coming ver the les SS aS SS *

' the contact clips. “because when

April, 1919 : A Quick-Break Knife Switch of the Hinged Type EN a knife switch of the hinged type is opened under load, there js always a tendency for an are to form between the blades of the switch and If the switch is opened slowly, the are may eat away the blades and the clips at the points of contact, thus causing a poor con- nection. ; Using a quick- preak knife switch as here- with illustrated, an are is not readily formed, the main blade is opened slowly the auxiliary blade is held by the clips until the main blade has been almost fully opened. Then the spring between the two blades will pull the auxiliary blade out so rapidly that an are will not generally form.—PETER J. M. CLUTE. s_.. Connection studs A quick-action knife switch that pre- vents arcs forming Ordinary Finishing Nails Used instead of Drills frequently happens to a carpenter or wood-worker that the bits of his automatic drill do not reach the de- sired depth. It is quite essential that a hole be bored deeper sometimes, for instance, where a narrow but high- backed strip of wood is to be fastened with comparatively heavy nails on short miter returns of heavy moldings and other end grain work. Carpenters, asarule, do not carry the old- fashioned gim- lets, and if they do the proper size is often not at hand; but many do carry 4 three-jaw brace chuck, and in that case the difficulty is readily solved. Take a finish- ing nail of the” proper size, cut off the head, flatten about 1 in. of the lower end with a file, and use it as you would a drill bit in the chuck. The flattened portion provides a small amount of clearance sufficient in most soft woods. In hard woods the nail will have to be withdrawn after every 1 in. in depth is made to make it drill a smooth hole, but this should be done with care, as the nail is easily bent. DETAIL OF NAIL DRILL . / Ai . | VV Here the common finishing nail is used as a_ boring tool

O matter what you want— whether it be wealth, power, position, fame, health, friend ship, or any kind of mater- ial success—it is no longer necessary for you to grope for it blindly, uncertainly, wasting your energy and brain power in an unequal struggle against circum- stance and environment. There is a sure and cer- tain way of reaching your goal, of attaining your de- sires, of realizing your am- bitions. There has been worked out for your guid- ance a definite plan of action which, if- followed to*assured success. So clear, so simple, so explicit are the instructions that anyone can grasp their meaning quickly and put them into practice. A single hour devoted to their study may change the course of your whole life. Many a man who had thought himself possessed of only moderate ability—yes, many a self-confessed failure—has suddenly found himself a new man mentally and spiritually,.-with a won- derful new power of accomplishment, new courage, new ambition and new opportu- nities for success, simply by following the suggestions given him by Dr. Orison Swett Marden. What Great Men Say About Dr. Marden’s Teachings THEODORE ROOSEVELT says: “I am so deeply touched and pleased by your editorial in ‘Success’ that I must write and tell you so.”’ CuarLtes M. ScHwas says: “Dr. Mar- den’s writings have had much to do with my success.” JoHN WANAMAKER says: “I would, if it had been necessary, have been willing to have gone without at least one meal a day to buy one of the Marden books.” Lorp NorTHCLIFFE says: ‘‘I believe Dr. Marden’s writings will be of immense as- sistance to all young men.” Jupce Ben B. Linpsey says: “Dr. Mar- den is one of the wonders of our time. I rsonally feel under a debt of obligation to him for his marvelous inspiration and help. When such men as these, and a host of others too numerous to mention, have felt so strongly the debt of gratitude they owe this man that they have not hestitated to acknowledge it in writing, surely you also can be helped to develop your latent powers, to fill a larger place in the world, to make a new success of your life.

—HENRY SIMON. There is nothing mysterious or difficult 109 are clear, direct, personal.

Dr. Orison Swett Marden intelligently, will put you on the road

How to Get What You Want A Remarkable System of Personal Efficiency Taught by Dr. Orison Swett Marden, the world’s greatest inspira- tional writer, who has helped thousands of discouraged men and women to brilliant success about Dr. Marden’s teachings. They You will recognize their truth and their value to you as soon as you read them. And that they may have wide distribution throughout the world they have been put into a book called ‘‘How to Get WHAT You WaAnt’”’ (instead of in- to an expensive mail-order course costing from $20 to $50) so that they are within easy reach of everyone who reads this announcement. And then there is THE NEw SuccEss—MARDEN’S MAGAZINE, which every ambitious man and woman should read in connection with thebook, as it is brimful of the success idea and carries Dr. Marden’s inspiring message to thousands every month. By special arrangement both the book and an eight months’ subscription to the magazine’ can now be secured for only $2. Nor is it necessary that you risk a single penny to secure them, as Dr. Marden has stipulated that this book and magazine shall be sent on five days’ free examination to every reader of Popular Science who asks for them. Send No Money All you need do to secure Dr. Marden’s help is to fill out and mail the coupon below and you will receive immediately “How To Get WHat You Want,” a book of 350 pages handsomely bound in cloth, and also the cur- rent number of THE New SuccEssS—MARDEN’S MaGazINE, the most helpful magazine in America. Keep the book for 5 days, read it and re-read it, and if you are fully satisfied remit only $2, which will pay in full for the book and an eight months’ subscription to THe New Success. If for any*reason you should not be fully satisfied, just remail the book within five days and you will owe nothing. Surely you owe: it to. yourself, to your family, to your friends to take -advan- tage of this offer which may open the door for you to wonderful new success,. So mail the coupon NOW, thus -makiag. sure: of getting your copy of, the book before this remarkable offer is withdrawn. Free Examination Coupon oe a A =< VX SOR SS PD GRE GEeeer THE New SUCCESS 1231 St. James Bldg., New York, N. Y. Please send me “HOW TO GET WHAT YOU WANT” and enter my name for an eight months subscription to THE NEW SUCCESS. I will either — the book within 5 days after its receipt or send you $2. See ewe e eer eee eeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeEenee COOP R Oe e EEE EEE HEHEHE HEHE HEHEHE HEHEHE

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An Elaborate Electrical Plug-in Clock NYONE who has ever attempted to make an electric: alarm-clock out of an, ordinary clock has been confronted with the problem of how to get hands, to make the contact, that would be heavy enough to be reliable without being too heavy for the power of the clock. The writer found that by any ordinary rubbing contact either did not make a contact every time, or that the clock stopped whenever a contact was made by the hands. He solved this problem in the following manner: As shown in the accompanying illus- tration, the clock was placed on its back and mounted in a neat polished mahogany box. Then opposite each numeral on the face of the clock was mounted a pair of steel mercury cups, each holding a drop of mercury pro- jecting from its top. Then on each hand of the clock was soldered a rather heavy copper wire tipped with a smaller piece of platinum wire, which was bent sharply downward at its point, and so arranged that the passage of the hand across the dial carried the platinum tip through the drop of mercury.

The mercury connectors are easily connect- ' ed and the clock worksare not complicated With the use of two mercury cups, it was possible to make a contact within three minutes of any desired time. Then the apparatus was wired to a plug-board constructed of brass plates with a mahogany base. A num- ber of split plugs were used in the holes. The apparatus was then wired as follows: Each hour cup was connected to a corresponding houf block on the plug-board, and each five-minute cup was wired to a five-minute block on the plug-board. The two complete rings on the plug-board are connected, one to the battery and one to the bell, another connection being made from the bell back through a switch to the battery, thus completing the circuit. Consideration of this arrangement will show that the electric current is arranged to proceed from the battery to one of the plug rings, say the hour ring, thence through any plug inserted in the hour section to the correspond- ing hour block;. thence by one of the conductors in: the cable shown to the corresponding hour’. mercury -.cup; thence, when the right time comes, up to the clock hand (the hour hand, in this case); back out’to.the.tip.of. the minute hand to the mercury cup it is 110 Popular Science Mo in contact with (and which is plugpall on the plug-board); thence through — another of the cable conductors to one of the minute-blocks; across the vlug to the minute ring; thence to the - bell and back through the switch to the battery, thus completing the circuit. ie a Wi 9-5" ~~ 9-9 ~|

cE 2.

ie <7 aoe CHAIN,CRANK & SPROCKETS, 2°x2” ANGLE |RON

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Diagram of hand-power conveyor for wagon which eliminates much unnecessary labor The arrangement shown has many advantages over the ordinary alarm- clock. The clock may be set by many plugs to ring any number of times — during the day or night—for instance, every hour during the night for giving medicine—or arranged to ring every fifteen minutes in the early morning or according to any combination. The construction of the apparatus is not at all difficult to make, and the~ uses of the clock are many. It is evident that a face-winding clock having a wheel escapement must be used, since the clock cannot be moved from its horizontal position after the mercury is put into the cups. Steel or other metal must be used for the cups, becauSe mercury will disinte- grate brass, copper, or zinc. As many plug blocks as are desired may be provided and wired in multi- ple, so that as many bells may be controlled from one clock as there are blocks. Thus in a _ boarding-house each boarder may have his own block, and set it himself entirely inde- pendent of the others, as often as he pleases and in any combination he likes.—CHARLES HORTON. Amalgamating Zinc Plates for Battery Cells LEAN the zine carefully with di- luted sulphuric acid by dipping it repeatedly in a jar containing the solu- tion, using a piece of cloth tied totheend of a stick as a mop, if necessary. Then pour a few drops of clean mercury upon the zinc, while holding it over a glass tray, and spread the mercury as uni- formly as possible over the zine by means of a cloth and stick, repeating the process until the zinc is clear. Keep the mercury that runs off the zine in the glass tray, and use it for amalgamating other zincs. PETER’ CLUTE.

a oe | a oO

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desired | multi- nay be ere are g-house 1 block, - inde- n as he tion he lates rith di- ping it 1e solu- theend . Then ‘y upon a glass as uni- ‘inc by beating ar. off the . it for CLUTE. tpril, 1919 A Simple Safety Clip for Your Spectacle-Case HE writer lost so many spectacle- cases that he invented a way to prevent it. He fastened an ordinary pencil clip in the cover of his case and attached it to his pocket. When his glasses were in his pocket, at least, they were safe. Two small slits made with a pen- knife are sufficient to allow the clip to go through the cover, and of course after pushing it through, you bend it back on the inside to hold it securely in place. Try the scheme. It costs practi- cally nothing, and will save you in the end.—J. H. Moore. Design of a Form for Winding Electrical Coils winding coils, it is necessary to have some sort of form if an even surface to the finished coil is desired. The form shown in the illustration may be made of any hard wood, one for each sized coil, and is used in- the: lathe centers when winding on the wire. The bars may be of any length and the heads any size. Before winding, rub the wood thor- oughly with warm paraffin, and space the distance between the heads for the centers to wind electrical coils evenly proper length of the coil. The set screws in the heads hold the position. First lace the form in a lathe, wind on the necessary insulation, give it a coat. of shellac, and then start to wind the wire, taking care that the coils go on evenly. Continue until filled, or until the proper amount of wire is Tun on. To remove the coil, place one end of the coil in a vise and tap it gently . with a hammer, and the core will slide out, leaving a nice square hole in which — the iron strips can be tightly packed, if a transformer is being made. Round or other shaped holes can be made by using the proper shaped bars through the heads. It is necessary to make the bars wedge-shaped, even if their outer surfaces are round, square, or rectangular. Before the coil is removed from the form, the whole should be soaked. in hot paraffin and then set aside to cool. When it is removed you will have a solid coil well insulated and quite hard.—W. E. Day. 6000 Last Year. “IT always had a craze for tinkering with motor cars—yet I never. thought that i could turn this knack into a good income. Then I opened my eyes to what hundreds of other men were doing. They were buying up old cars and rebuilding them. They were opening up public garages and running repair shops. I made inquiries. I found out sia my friends did these things. I followed their example. Last year I earned $6,000. This year I expect to make more, because automobile owners are making their old cars last them through the period of the war, and this means a lot more work and profit for men in my line of busi- Se You Can Qualify You can earn as much money as this man. You can turn your love for motor cars into cash. If you are already an automobile mechanic, repair man or chauffeur, you can climb far higher. Right now is the time to act. The field of automobile and commercial car manufactur- ing is growing tremendously. Its future is unlimited. You can prepare yourself speedily to be- come a skilled automobile mechanic. You can equip yourself to open your garage. A simple spare time reading course in Automobile Engineering opens the way to success to you—now! Automobile Engineering This five-volume library of Automobile Engineering will prepare you for a worth- while position in the fascinating field of ~ automobile production. Fifteen great automobile engineers and specialists, with the co-operation of scores of other experts in their field, have compiled this great reading course. There are 2,500 pages and 2,100 illustrations. The books are new and up to the minute in every principle and method. They are carefully cross- indexed so that you can find a given subject as easily as you find a word in the dictionary. Shipped Free We do not ask you to-take our word for the merit of these books. We simply ask you to find out for yourself. You can do this without risk or. expense or obligation. All we ask is that you fill out and mail the coupon. We will. ship the books.to you express collect for-7 days’ free examination in your home or shop. Use the books as if ‘they be- longed to you.. Note how they explain all of the new automobile developments—ignition, starting, lighting, welding, etc. If the books do not come up to your expectations, send them back to us at our expense. If you are pleased withtthem; if you see that they will help you to achieve your goal,~send us just $2.00 within seven days and then-$2.00 a month until the special in- troductory price of $17.80 Some of the id. Fascinatin has been paid Sabhestes 4 Explosion Motors Special Offer | je7 Your purchase of these | cavpunetere bed books brings you a Consult- | ,Settines ing Membership in the | Cooling American Technical Socie- | Lubrication : : Fly ty, which, while valued at | Clutch $12.00, may prove to be | Final Drive worth hundreds of dollars to you. It entitles you to |'Tires special information on sub- jects . dealing with automobile construction and _ repair, or ing Systems garage or shop management | Wiring Diagrams for the period of a. year. You may ask as many questions as you wish. Send No Money Mail free inspection coupon. Just your name and address on the coupon brings the 5 valuable volumes to you express charges collect for 7 days’ free trial. We cannot guarantee. that this little price Storage Batteries »-Care & Repair Motorcycles Commercial Trucks * will hold. Your opportunity is now. Mail the coupon at once, while this offer is open to you. The American Technical Society Dept. A1204, Chicago, Iil. THE AMERICAN TECHNICAL SOCIETY | Dept. A1204, CHICAGO, ILL. Please send me the 5-volume: set'-“‘Automo- bile Engineering’ for 7 days’: free “examination, express charges collect. ~ If I decide to buy, I will send $2.00 within 7 days-and-the balance at $2.00 a month until_$17.80 has been paid. Then you send me a receipt showing that the $25 set of books and the $12.00 consulting mem- bership are mine and fully paid for. If I think that I can get along without the books after the 7 days’ trial I will return them at your expense., Na t WME... cece ee eee eee eeneneereseeeseenee 5 Sor ae aes ss op cA SAN STALE IE OS RIO AINE IP SA EO OR bn SABE eee ee = = = Be at ePASRAEL: Se pee FOS eb ene eam ct Oe FI SE in DR LORS 5 TOI IT a ALP RNTRT ALT ENE ITS Serer ue! Se ae Se ee nr Sa eet EER IS

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write for our Trade-Marks, | nee oer ASO SET ne: meee ome blank form sent Free on request. Highest References New York Offices 1001 Woolworth Bldg. Main Offices: -760 Sth Street, N. W., WASHINGTON, D.C. GENTLEMEN: Please gend, me FREE OF CHARGE your Book as described above. er wath Before disclosing an invention, the inventor should “EVIDENCE OF CONCEPTION.” This should be signed and witnessed and if. returned to us together with model or sketch and description of the invention, we will give our opinion as to its patentable nature. Our Illustrated Guide Book, HOW TO OBTAIN A PATENT, Contains full instructions regarding Patents, Our Methods, Terms, and Mechanical Movements illustrated and described, Articles on Patent Practice and Procedure, and Law Points for Inventors. Foreign Patents, Prompt Service VICTOR J. EVANS & CO., Patent. Attorneys Philadelphia Offices 135 S. Broad Street TRADE-MARKS AND COPYRIGHTS I0o Reasonable Terms Pittsburgh Offices S14 Empire Bldg. PATEN TS | and Trade Marks | Send sketch or mode! for actual search and report. Write for Book- let of instructions on patent practice and procedure. Prompt personal service.... 7 Geo. P Kimmel Patent Lawyer EY 39-5 Loan aud Trust Building, Washington, D.C.” E CAAT ESUMcedeCGeasgaceieea STD Rs aee ces raven etre Terms on request. 840 —— ia Wash De. Eighteen Years’ Experience. ROBB & ROBB, Attorneys at Law | Specializing in Patent and Trade-mark Practice exclusively ATENTS PROCURED and TRADE-MARKS REGISTERED | Instructions and 1336 Schofield Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio. , “SKINNY ‘any more eieattints Peer | PATENTS LACEY & LACEY Attorneys-at-Law — Patent Practice Exclusively Solicitors of U.S. and Foreign Patents Trade-Marks, Copyrights. 645 F Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. Write Us for Our Free Inventors’ Book PATENT-SENSE ESTABLISHED 1869 —mmmmme . They don’ iaror-B) Webbe Why is it that you stay thin? Do you know? How often have you wished that you could cover the bones that show so plainly all over your body—to feel the |. thrill of that vitalizing energy that comes from a fully de- veloped body tingling with health! You can have tt! It will make a new man you—full of energy. ambition, _ and the joy of livirg. And the we of it all is that this precious gift will cost you nothing! You have it in the _palm of your hands right.now! “Start NOW and in less than a month you will be well on the way to pbysical perfe tion. How to Make a New Man ourself **How to Gain Weight’? js the title ofa. _ book written by y Bermar Macfad- 119W.40th St..Suite802.New¥ork . etc. patentable nature. 130 F St. N. W., RANDOLPH & co. Washington, D. C. P SECURE A PATENT, send for Our Guide Book; HOW TO GET A PATENT, sent Free on request. Send model or sketch and description of your invention and we will give our opinion as to its ee eee IF YOU HAVE AN INVENTION AND DESIRE TO LEARN HOW TO Tells our Terms, Methods, Popular Science Mo ly, Anybody Can Use This 7 Chronometer | N the great observatories are the finest timepieces that human ip. genuity. has been able to devise, but they are not strictly accurate. errors, though small, are determined by the only infallible regulator known —the steady sweep of myriad stars across the heavens. This wonderfy] chronometer is available to anyone for regulation of clocks and watches in the same manner as practiced by the astronomers but without the refine. ments. First set the watch -to the best time obtainable, preferably a telegraph clock. It can be kept true afterward by reference to some star. Any star will appear at a precise point just 3 minutes and 55.91 seconds earlier each night. Fix a range by setting a pin.in the jamb of a west window from which a distant roof-ridge may be seen, A bright star (not a planet) is selected, — and the time noted when it disappears below the horizontal roof line when sighting across the pin. At any later date the watch may he corrected by observing the same star in the same manner. For example, ten days later the star will be on the range line 39 minutes and 19.2 seconds earlier than before.—E. EARLE GLass, Preventing a Miter-Box from Warping HE different sections formed bythe cuts in a wooden miter-box havea tendency. to warp, which makes them bind in one cut and spread in the other. They are also liable to break off. This trouble can be _ effectively remedied, and the efficiency and Saw GUIDE CUTS 40 PENNY SPIKES A phantom view of the spikes brac- ing the sides of the miter-box strength of the miter-box doubled, by the simple expedient of boring a hole through each section from the bottom up, and driving a long spike into it. For the ordinary miter-box, a forty or fifty-penny spike is the best size,’ and the holes should be bored so as to grip the spike tightly. The above strengthening operation is best done when the miter-box is being manufactured, before the cuts are made in it. It is also desirable to make the miter-box so as to leave at least an inch and a half at the bottom uncut, thus forming a strong footing for the spikes. For strengthening the miter-box this suggestion cannot be improved upon, as | anyone working with a warped box is greatly handicapped in obtaining clean - and accurate cuts.—HENRY SIMON. Their | ~ wt ot Oh Oe FS. ee ee ee a a ee Se

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are the iman ins vise, but » Their termined r known | iad stars ronderful anyone watches ticed by | 1e refine. est time elegraph fterward Any star int just s earlier etting a ow from be seen, selected, sappears 1e when may be ime star xample, > on the seconds : GLASS, Box d by the x havea es them in the 0 break ectively eration -box is he cuts esirable (0 leave at the , strong 20x this 1pon, as | box is ig clean MON. ~ April, 1919 Here’s a Simple Aerial Cable Car — T’HERE are many types of small | suspension cars, each adapted to different uses and localities. In min- ing regions, such a means of convey- ance is very common and, where the country is precipitous, almost in- dispensable for transporting men and ore from one elevation to another. The cable car shown in the accom- ‘panying drawing i is, perhaps, as simple as any, both in construction and oper- ation, and. is designed to accommodate one or two persons. The sketch shows such a car as used in a canyon of the Sierra Madre Range in Califor- nia. This car is used to convey pass- engers from a roadway, across a stream of water, from one rocky cliff to another where a cabin is built on a spur of the range. It is made from surfaced pine boards and strap-iron, and is sus- pended from a 5%-in. cable of ordinary strand. Such a cable costs from 14 to 20 cents a foot, and the 8-in. trolley sheaves, when fitted with non-lubri- cating bushings, cost $2 each. 34 trie. Ea 2 SHEAVE- ryx4}e OM. SS eee SS ———__——J F I; ema 22" ae SHEAVES-138 X8" DA. — —— _—reEre 2 98 CABLE” %4xH%e | STRAP IRON 3'4" Me INL RS hy ee IRON 746" BOLTS ISexse'~ | A cable car of this sort may be used in transporting men or material quickly and with a reasonable degree of safety The sides of the car are nailed to a frame of surfaced studding, and the seats at each end are secured to the top of this framework, as shown by the dotted lines. The wrought-iron straps are bolted to the boards with 5/16-in. bolts, except where the sheaves are hung, and here 34-in. bolts are used. A stirrup or foot-rest is attached to the center of the car, and the same bolt that secures the stirrup at one end holds a separate 14-in sheave (shown at A), set within a metal guard on either side. These sheaves are pulleys around - which ropes are passed, one from each side of the canyon, thus allowing the passenger to operate the car forward or backward by pulling the rope in the direction in which it is desired to move. Cleats are provided on the inside of the car for taking up the slack rope. Labor will be saved by suspending the cable higher at one end than the other, as gravity will then force the car part way on its ‘journey.—HUNTINGTON BAKER. PATENTS Write for free booklet Terms Reasonable Highest References ‘, Send model or drawing for preliminary examination and report as to patentability ALL BUSINESS GIVEN PROMPT AND PROPER ATTENTION WATSON E. COLEMAN, Patent Lawyer, 624 F St., Washington, D.C. Best Results To the Man With an Idea I offer a comprehensive, experi- enced, efficient service for his prompt, legal protection and the development of his proposition. Send sketch; or model and descrip- tion, for advice as to cost, search through prior United States pat- ents, etc. Preliminary advice glad- ly furnished without charge. My Se ag waco and familiarity with various ‘equently enable me to accurately aries clients as to probable patentability before they go to any expense. Booklet of valuable information and form for properly disclosing your idea, free on request. rite today. RICHARD B. OWEN Patent ‘Lawyer 6 Owen Building, Washington, D.C, 2276-D Woolworth Building, New York City We help our clients, 274 OURAY BLDG, | WASHINGTON, D.C. DO NOT LOSE YOUR RIGHTS TO PATENT PROTECTION Before disclosing your invention.to anyone send for blank form ‘‘Evidence of Conception” to be signed and witnessed. Establish your rights before filing application for patent. As registered patent attorneys we represent hundreds of inventors all over the U. S. and Canada in the advancement of their inventions. Terms réasonable. The form “*Evidence of Conception,’’ sample, instructions relating to obtaining of patent and fee schedule sent upon request. Ask for them,—a postcard will do. Sauaen or even to mak all endoyment’i in life, for the serap heap, ever is easy today, will be a d take hold of yoursel STRONGFORT The serge Man I o knew they were losing their things Tnalcestion, sonstivation,: biliousness aod others aliments ; I have own Shem & ow to gain the energy and s rl SLIPPING? pre zz losing your grip—your ability to ings, to make any progress in your good in your pres- n ti tbe n slide so rapid as the road d te: chronic ill health and the consequent loss of GET A GRIP ON YOURSELF Don’t wait a single day before taking steps to rid yourself of the ailments or bad habits that will be millstones about your neck as rom them. en @ man is on the limited day counts; what eap harder tomor- row, almost impossible rit you wait too long. YOU CAN DO IT You can have renewed vitality; health, ngth, energy, all that makes life worth living, if you throw awa all druggist’s dope in the right way. PLE SHOW YOU HOW have ghews the way out to th INDUSTRIES, INC, 201 Patent Dept., WASHINGTON, D.C. a | scription 50c. CAN YOU think of a simple, Fgh mage idea that will fill one of the many _.re- quests we have on file for new inven- tions? It may mean a fortune for you. Thousands of things are needed RIGHT Now. Your brains can help. _ Send to- day for our great new book—‘‘Inven- tions and Trade Marks, Their Protection and Exploitation’”’ and learn more about making money from ideas than you ever knew before. It tells mary. ; — that are want t00. 4 postal will do— it is free. tun dollamt nee ot teoe ADVERTISED rene w= Samy For SALE FREE tee free. In INVENTION And RB eo he aoa MANUFACTURING AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT. t PATENTS Published for the man with an idea. Send for free sample copy. One year’s sub- Before applying for a patent you should send us a sketch or model of your invention, with a description of it, and receive our ‘Evidence of Con- ception’? form—our Opinion as to the Patentable Nature of your In- vention, and ovr advice regarding the t way of obtaining patent protection. Our practical experience covers a period of twenty years. Our Handbook on Patents HOW toOBTAINaPATENT SENT FREE js storehouse of valuable information and advice to inventors. All communications strictly confidential. Write us TODAY. 4820 Talbert Bidg., WASHINGTON, D. C. thro a trength of will to break rd bad hi p pits its they y knew vars ‘the etal o their Sevelgp helt ow and strengthen their r "2 make 1 Blooded. “Peceeful MEN muscles, and m ive, active, ' fre Teel’ sh again. nm and C y” will show le, easy, na Bares Ce oa on you at once. Health. Strength and E yon how y did it: how U can ss for — tt they did for Bond ‘or a copy—IT’S F and packing and I’! nail. it to to es, in ~ ae LIONEL STRONGFORT Physical and: Health Specialist . Newark, N. J.4] 853 Park Building 280 Whitaker Bldg., New York Office, 87 Nassau Street, New-York COMPETENT PATENT SERVICE By a Former Examining Official of the U.S. Patent Office NORMAN T. WHITAKER Lawyer and Engineer INQUIRIES INVITED Wash., D.C. 113, = CALS AER CRRA ARO ts 5 SSI AGERE D SM FAP NI he Rann ss Sh See ee ee =e - lad a SY ee ae ee ee eee eee ee ee SE NT EE ER ee ee ee —- ene ee TE eet OR a = ON AD A ARE ETC SRR RBS RT PAN CT ET =r

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Leaiiers in every sport— golf, baseball, tennis, football, basket ball, soccer, fishing, swimming, etc.—pay trib- ute to WILSON quality by using WILSON goods. The WILSON line is complete. WILSON Sporting Goods is so great that SEVEN BIG WILSON FACTORIES, wonderfully equipped, manned by experts, are employed in their production. Every item in the WILSON line is right, from the basic idea of the design to the last bit of material that enters into it. “WILSON” The Magic Word — in Sports ‘HE name “WILSON” on sport equipment is internationally famous—it stands for leadership. The WILSON trade-mark is the symbol of highest ex- cellence, supreme playing qualities. You do not pay a premium for the extra quality you get in WILSON goods. can supply you. mark—your guarantee of quality. Sporting Goods Catalog Free Describes and illustrates everything for every sport. - Write for a copy. Address Thos. E. Wilson & Co., 701-711 N. Sangamon St., Chicago. Chicago \\ [7 THOS. TESTE TG) New York a: oF The demand for Dealers everywhere Look for the WILSON trade- /.\ Delivered & FREE MEAD 1919 ‘MODELS NOW READY TO SHIP No other concern will offer you. ‘such values or such terms, Make your choice from , : mow big catalog select lar style af RANGER 3 “Sicvele you desire. return and ‘most success ful bicycle concern in the country, TIRES CYCLE COMPANY Dept.M-109 Chicago Pay Full Prices Upty . Ar Diamonds Saved Ps ahs 1b Name on oni $ over| { fi nderfal lists ‘a Write for wo! fol late of 8 eer DeROY & Feet DeRoy Bldg. con: Paes Office, Pa,) TYPEWRITER $ $3 or SENS ATION monthly el a Beautifully Re- constructed Latest Model Visible Typewriter - with back-spacer, decimal tabulator, two- color- ribbon, etc. Every late style feature and modern operating ‘conve- nience. Perfect appearance, perfect action ‘and abso- lute dependability. Sent anywhere on approval. Cat- alog and special price FREE. Harry A. Smith, 306, 218 N. Wells St., Chicago, Ill. Arithmetic of Electricity—A practical treatise on electrical calculations of all kinds reduced to a series of rules. $1.00 Postpaid. Popular Science Monthly, 225 West 39th St., New York. 114 Popuiar Science Monthly : A Safety: Appliance for a Circular Saw-Table ANY of the accidents in wood- working shops result from the catching of a piece of wood upon the back of a circular saw, and striking the operator with enough force to injure him, sometimes with fatalresults. This may be due to the turning of a crooked‘ piece of wood after it has passed the saw, to a loose knot, to the pinching together of a board on account of the tendency of wood to adjust itself to the different tension of its fibers after a cut has been made, whether parallel with or across the grain, or to the piling of pieces behind the saw. When the operator draws a_ piece of board back toward him to make another cut, the board may come in contact with the back of the saw and be thrown with great velocity against‘ him if he happens to be standing in front of the saw instead of to one side. G Csaw TABLE DETAIL OF LEATHER GUARD “Don’t monkey with the buzz-saw.” Here’s a practical way to observe that ad- vice and keep all the fingers on your hands Various devices for preventing this danger are made by manufacturers of wood-working machinery, and usu- ally the best modern machines are equipped with something of this sort, though often their cost is an obstacle to their adoption. The device described here may be made at slight expense, and fitted to any saw-table. It will prevent wood from catching upon the back of the saw, and will also keep sawdust and splinters from flying in the face or against the hands of the workman. One of the chief obstacles to the introduction of safety appliances is the unwillingness of the men to use them; but few workmen will object to this device after using it for a few hours, since it reduces the possibility of accident to a minimum and is not in the way. The device consists of a back guide, a piece of iron as nearly as pos- sible the same thickness but no thicker than the cut made by the circular saw that is to be used, so that the wood will not bind against its sides. It

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mthly a vood-: o the 1 the ig the njure This’ oked ' d the ching f the lf to after rallel piling piece make © ne in y and’ rainst ' ng in side. t ad- ands x this turers 1 usu- Ss are ; sort, stacle ay be fitted “event back wdust e face kman. o the is the them; 0 this hours, ty of not in a back S pos- hicker reular . wood s. It | “at ‘A, and its dimensions must de- “-pend upon the size and thickness should be cut in the shape. indicated. of the table-top and the size of the circular saw. The pieces of wood A and B should be of well seasoned hard wood, hinged at C. The iron is fastened to’ A at D by means of ears, turned as at E, through which the iron may be screwed to the piece A directly in line with the cir- cular saw. The device is held rigidly in place by hand-screws, or by screws at F and G. The firmness and lateral! rigidity of the back guide depend upon the accur- acy with which it is fitted to the table, as the distance, H, in the sketch is equal to the:distance between the back edge of the table at J and the acute angle at the back of the throat at K, which is the means of holding the front end of the back guide in place. To Guard Against Splinters The front edge should be ground to a knife edge to permit it to enter the saw cut easily. The hood M con- sists of a piece of thin sheet-iron—say of about 26-gage—fastened to the back guide by screws or rivets, through ears soldered to the under side of the hood at N. For additional protection, holes may be punched in the hood, and a piece of leather, O, may be fastened to it. This leather will keep all splinters and sawdust back of the saw, whether the saw projects much or little above the table. The advantages of this device over some that are in use is that it can be easily removed and replaced, according to the needs of the work, by removing the fastenings at F and G, and thereis nothing above or beside the saw to prevent the workman from reaching for a piece that has been pushed through. The size of the hood can be varied to suit either a finely fitting saw or a coarke rip-saw to prevent ‘the sawdust and splinters from flying toward the front of the. table.— CHARLES A. KING. How to Detect Caramel in Vanilla HE coloring matter in vanilla extract is due solely to substances naturally present in the vanilla bean and extracted therefrom by alcohol. Artificial extracts made by dissolving vanilla in alcohol contain no color in themselves, and caramel is commonly employed to supply this deficiency. It may readily be detected, without requiring the loss of the sample, by the use of the following procedure: Shake the bottle containing the vanilla, and observe the resulting foam after a moment’s standing. The foam of the pure extract is colorless; that of the artificial with the caramel present will persist in giving a colora- -tion to the bubbles at their points of April, 1919 - contact.—HERMAN NEUHAUS. It out-wears them all HIS classy, husky, Indian Motobike is a younger brother of the famous Indian Motocycle. It has all the family traits too— strength, speed, hill-climbing ability and years of dependable service. The Motocycle type forks, handle- bars and saddle make the Moto- bike a very comfortable mount. The tank which completes the Motocycle effect contains two dry batteries for the electric headlight, - which is regular equipment. This is surely a wheel any lad would: be proud to own. Beautiful, sturdy, easy running Indian models are made for girls. Designed and constructed to afford healthful exercise that will strengthen the muscles and im- prove the natural grace of ‘move- ment and carriage. Sold by Indian Motocycle dealers everywhere. Send us your name and address and we will send you a beautifully illustrated booklet on Indian bicycles and advise you of the name and address of the nearest dealer. HENDEE MANUFACTURING CO. Springfield, Massachusetts The Largest Motorcycle Manufacturer in the World -

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eee et SE SEL ACTA meet memenensreean—amnere t ce ce eae ‘the Confectioner, f NI EYS HGENTURY SfWENT ' poor ’ 7 pes FORMULAS prot t SSE- ' 20th Century Book of Recipes, Formulas and. Processes Tus ‘ook of 800 pages is. the. most complete Book of Recipes ever pub- lished, giving thousands .of recipes for. the manufacture of valuable’ arti- cles for-every-day. use.- Hints, Helps, Practical Ideas and Secret Processes: are tevealed .within its pages. It covers every branch of the useful arts and tells thousands of ways of making money and is just the book to have at your command. 10,000 Practical Formulas—tThe Best Way to Make Everything The pages are filled with matters of intense interest and immeasurable practical value to the Photographer, the Perfumer, the Painter, the Manu- facturer of Glues, Pastes, Cements and Mucilagés, ‘the Physician, the Druggist, the Electrician, the Brewer, the Engineer, the Foundryman, the Machinist, the Potter, the* Tanner, the Chiropodist, the Manufacturer of Chemical Novel- ties and Toilet Preparations, the Dyer, the Electroplater, the Enameler, the. Engraver, the Provisioner. the Glass Worker, ;the*Goldbeater, the ‘Watch- maker’ and Jeweler, the Ink’ Manu- facturer, the Optician, the Farmer, the Dairyman, the Paper Maker, the Metal ‘Worker, the Soap Maker, the Veterinary Surgeon and the Tech- nologist in general. A Mine of Information A book to which you may turn with confi- dence that you will find what you are looking for. A mine of information, up-to-date in every respect. Contains an immense number of formulas that every one ought to have that are not found in any other work. One useful recipe will be worth more than ten times the price of the: book. Price $3.00 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 225 West 39th St., New York - A Lesson in Kiteology 2 Popular Science Monthly a Being a version of the admonition, Go fly your kite By C. M. Miller LMOST any shape kite can be worked out if we have patience and perseverance enough to plan, try out, and change until obstacles are overcome. The kite illustrated was prepared from a detail drawing made by a Chinese boy at the suggestion of the writer. The colored strappings, the silver mountings made of silver The back of the kite as it will appear when the paper is pasted over the framework paper, the helmet shield and spear were complete in the original drawing. It took nearly three days to make the kite. First a general framework of spruce sticks was planned and made up. The plarining was principally. in reference to lightness and: stiffness: and in consideration of the-fact that the frame must. bear the strain of the pressure of the wind while keeping every. portion flat.’ Many tryouts were made with the sticks. First they were laid one way, then. another, on the sketch, until the method illus- trated was decided upon. The drawing above gives the details for the actual construction. A 3-ft. stick 14 in. square in cross-section is used as the base line. At a point 19 in. from the right end, the vertical stick Bis attached. This stick is 4-in. square by 45 in. long. It comes just in front of the indentations at the back of the rider. At a point 4 in. back from the right end of the base stick, another vertical stick, C, 351% in. long, is attached. This extends to just above the bow of the horse’s neck. The next stick, D, attached 134 in. from the left end of base A, is 251% in. long. The upper end of stick D ex- tends just above the upper curve of the tail. 116 The slant stick E is 44 in. long. - It starts half way down on the forward ear and is lashed to the vertical stick C,. 4 in. down from the top, and again 3 in, down from the top of D. It is also lashed to B. . It touches the indenta- tion between the horse’s neck and the spear, touches the horse’s back just behind the saddle, and extends to just i, the outside edge of the horse’s tail. Where the sticks cross each other, they should be let in a little, but not hah way, as that would weaken them too much. Winding with strips of paper that are wet with paste makes very secure fastenings. A tough paper should be used for this purpose. The other slant stick F starts on the slant line of the raised foreleg, is lashed to C’ 151% in. above the base, and again to D 11 in. from the base, and is also lashed to B. It is 35 in. long. Spear Sticks and Braces The spear stick.G is 4 ft. long; it is 14 in. by 3 in. at the bottom and 4 in. square at the top. It starts on F 7 in. to the right of B and is parallel to it. ~ItislashedtoH. A shortstick H runs from B to G and down 1 in. from the top of B. It is needed to give poise to the head. Another vertical stick.J is about 3 in. forward of B, and runs from Eto H. It is only %in. by 4 in. in cross section, and prevents the body from twisting around, which it is likely to do when the paper is pasted on tight. Many smaller braces are needed; one of them, K, runs from LB to the front of the nose. It will be seen that the stick extends 7 in. beyond C. The framework should be laid down UU POLL Bending the woodwork with the aid of a candle; how the frame is fastened together; and decorations for the tail frequently on the sketch to insure accuracy in the details. Sometimes it is necessary to back up alittle. If we would learn to be good workmen, we should not allow ourselves to modify a sketch to suit a blunder in our work.

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April, 1919 That cannot: be done in the. machine ghop and it is best not to do it in kite- making. e The outline is of split bamboo. The strips are fully 1/16 in. thick and about 3/16 in. wide. The width of the strip will be the thickness of the edge of the It kite. We will start at the point where ‘ward the sticks B and E intersect and work ck C, around the horse’s neck. The bamboo 1 3 in, does not require much heating for this | also curve, as it is long and not wavy; but enta- a little heating just beyond the top of d the the vertical stick C will help. It is just well to cut into the frame a little where ) just the bamboo is attached, as shown by orse’s E. The bamboo is pushed into the notch and is lashed fast with paper. ther, Linen thread can be used for lashing, t not ; but the paper is better. When shaping them the outline with the bamboo, the form s of should be laid down on the sketch nakes many times to get the right curves. If paper a bend is too great the bamboo may be The reheated and bent properly: Care slant must be taken in this heating process; to C for the bamboo may be burned so as to ‘in to injure its strength. - also The ears and forelock are not in- cluded in the first piece of bamboo, but the end is at M. Starting at M, the next piece reaches to N, and is lashed to F. The bending of the front of the it is horse’s head and neck is shown at O. Yin, It is inverted in the illustration. A ks candle gives plenty of heat for bending. to it. The bamboo is brought close to the runs flame and when soft from the heat is n the bent with the fingers or pliers. ise to , A small brace of bamboo 1/16 in. cJ is square runs from C to the outer tip of runs the nose to support the outline of nose oy 4 and mouth. s the The next line is the raised foreleg, n it is and here the line is extended from the ed on hoof to the base-line stick. Braces P ; are and Q support this projection. In a om B similar manner the back, tail, and hind ill be leg can be worked out, beginning just 7 in. back of the saddle on the top of stick E. There are three short braces from down E to the outline of the rump and tail, and two more from D to the outline of ~tail at the rear. Chinese Rice Paper for Cover > The covering is stretched fairly tight and is pasted securely over the bamboo rim. Chinese rice paper is about the best for such purpose. When a large flat surface is used on a kite, a network ~~ of string is sometimes run across the back to give support to the paper, but it is not necessary in this kite. The rest of the body of the horse, except ears and forelock, is sketched in 5 and painted, and colored papers are of pasted on for strappings, etc. A piece 1ed of cover-paper, suchas is used for cail cardboard work in schools, is used to build out the shape of the spear, and nsure silver paper is put on over this. nes it The outline for the Knight must be If we wrought with. much care. A little n, we extra color on the sleeves of the Knight dify a and the trappings about the horse’s work. neck add to the. general appearance. ! Dra $1'750010°25000 isa DRAFTSMEN are needed now more than ever. Thousands of high grade draftsmen and designers are in demand. Answer the call. This is your opportunity to get started in a profession that pays straight salaries of from $175 to $250 a month. Ican train you in a short time to fill one of these big positions if you write to me at once. Every industry needs draftsmen badly right now. Under , rsonal training you can easily qualfy, Send the coupon below for my new book on drafting—it’s Free. Learn Drafting—Fill Jobs You who have been waiting to get out of the rut—open the door and come on in. You can have these jobs, You can make this money. I have been training draftsmen for 25. years. I know what they need quick to fill the raed pee open. Mail the coupes below for valuable book explaining how you can become as and get the experience required. This boo! at pon ch Send for it TODAY. Chief Draftsman Personaiiy | on practical work. Here is an opportunity for _a limited and sel- ected number of ambitious men to receive individual -training. Chief Draftsman_of a sage and DrawingTab! Also FREE In order to trai on oar eats pos ive students wae sn ill ive. it away. eons — mexactly the 2 aval and kind of prac- and id experience necessary li the hest paid posi ; hig Mail a coin at Once Because I can handle only a limited number of students rfrnsioeer's Eauipment Go. to eer cack t the proper and practical training. Therefore, if you e AT ONCE I will eousidar ier accepting you as my personal ig dent | to cco ord on regular drafting room — that will f P? ang, full particu- ou the experience that is dooietek What I want is the rig t. PF A. tall me how 7 kind of men andI charge only a nominal price for training can, get the training to, ah you § that you can pay on very easy terms. My object is to have checked below. ere experienced draftsmen, because they are badly O Ship Drafting C Architectasal pet = right now and for the next twenty-five years to come. Send the coupon today—now. Address Chief Draftsman DOBE Engineer’s Equipment Co.—Div:; 1204 — Chicago, lll. smenNeeded Tractor Business AUTOMOBILE, Truck, and Tractor indus try now entering its greatest period of develop- ment cal use. 80,000 towns and rural communities without gara: ome ad a shops of any kind. ‘Inter- community Hauling and Motor Mail Routes will require Pim maintenance and repair shop facilities. High cost of farm products making immense y mare for farm tractors. Every man, 16 years of age and over, can qualify himself here to make big money as Motor Mechanic, or get into a for yourself and earn much more. We refer you to a of successful gradua Learn Here in 6 to. 8 Weeks Earn $7100 to $400 a Month Immense additional equipment from Military Divis- ion of Rahe School. Same practical method as used to train thou- sands of Soldier echanice ta 60-day courses. Only additional cost b to take ” training at the “ World’s Oldest and Greatest’”’ Auto and Tractor cae. is difference in carfare, Nobooks qu used. to buy. Only Life Scholarships issued. ; Fiesty of, Sen portunity to earn part living expenses while here. FREE HOW Write Today for 7-Day Trial Offer and 68-page Opportunity Book. State age and occupation. Rahe Auto & Tractor School xausas cry, to. 117 ET NETS CE I EER ME AN te ms ~ -* promis commen te INT ns

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\ This Will Send Your. Bank Account ‘Straight Up! It Is FREE © What is the good of making a lot of money if you spend all you make? What’s the ood of daily and nightly worry and work if you’ve nothing to show for it? We are a nation of wasters, just because we don’t know how to manage. : Learn how to get more out of your money. Learn how to save it—how to invest it wisely. It’s not what you make that counts so much as it is how you spend what you make. Learn to make-your dollar: do the work of two— that’s Efficiency. This booklet will show you how. Send for it. It is FREE to you if you write promptly. It is one of the lessons of the Emerson Course in Personal Efficiency So deep in our lives are the foundations of this new Efficiency idea applied.to the individual that each man gets what he needs most from it. One man gets courage, one gets health, one gets time, one gets: wealth. For Efficiency means the shortest, quickest, easiest way to reach your goal. And Harrington Emerson, who. has taught Efficiency.to so.many.corporations; has adapted it for you in.24 powerful,..cc let d d lessons. 35,000 STUDENTS ENROLLED From California comes one who is saving thousands of dollars on a government job—from Iowa one whom the Course has put on the right path to success—from Kentucky one who will get an education with its help—from New York an editor who got back his health—a writer who does twice as much work in less time—the Secretary and Treas-- urer of the biggest bond- house in the Northwest saved an hour and a half a day from the first lesson. These principles are the scientific principles Mr.. Emerson has developed in-forty. years of study. He has applied them in over..200 factories, railroads and other organiza- tions. They are studied by other Efficiency engineers in America, England, France, and other countries who have learned them from Emerson. His big organization in New York (he has ‘40 affiliated assistants) has taught Efficiency to steel mills and railroads, factories and publishers. Send Coupon if You Want More Money and Less Work If you want to do less work and get more for it— the coupon for the free lé3son. If you are copies to 4 ahead the way seems closed, send this coupon and open & new way. If you need more money—and see no way to = BA pe nee = gotre See ened and tired, earn 0 ci the burden of — drudgery. mg re oever, whatever, wherever you are, you need Effi- ciency. Send the coupon today without obii free lesson and the whole story. ssp gas elles REVIEW OF REVIEWS CO. P.S. M. +19 30 Irving Place, New York — Send me free lesson, Efficiency in Personal Finances Also particulars about your i a Story of Bannan y Course in Efficiency and SOPH PH OHHH OSES HEE TOE SED EEE EEE HED eEEeeeseresss ee |. The strapping in this kite were mostly sin‘red, lined with black or thé.edges. 4,We need'a tail for the kite, as all ir- regular forms must have some ballast *|.for poisé. In this case, a Series of,tails sich 4s is illustrated in R is in keeping with the rest of.-the design. The straight line at the top represents the base line of the kite, and from it are ~| ‘suspended five strips of some semi-stiff “material, as. cambric. or ribbon.:.-Qn: each: strip: is: fastened‘ a- bunch -of-cut papers bourid together as-a tassel: ~~ ‘Now “comes the bridle. ‘It should be attached ata suffieient number of ‘~,| ‘places to support’ all portions of the kite. On this one there are five strings to the bridle. One string is tied to the vertical stick J, where it intersects H. Of course, the string is carried through the rice-paper covering to the front side of the kite. The frame, of course, is always on the back of the kite. Another string is tied to stick E, at, the point S. A third string is tied at the intersection of K and C. Inthe kite shown these three strings are each 31 in. long. Two other strings are tied respectively to the base stick 6 in. from each end. These two lower strings are 43 in. long. It may be that the strings will have to be adjusted to other lengths. If a kite shies around to one side, it means the string is too short on one side, and it must be varied to suit the individual kite. A Simply Made Support for Sweet-Peas N the spring a married man’s fancy lightly turns to thoughts of garden. The sweet-pea is a plant that necessitates a light but substan- tial trellis-work. A simply constructed support is seen in the illustration. Teaching sweet-peas to climb systemat- ically with the aid of a wire support Its extreme ends are made of wood, the arms being bored at the ends to receive the wires that are strung from end to end. A fence of this sort, if planted firmly, will withstand almost any gale, and in addition it makes a simple matter of gathering the blooms for table use.—JAMES M: KANE. 118 Popular Science Monthly Pencils and eye glasses | You wouldn’t read all day through another person’s glasses. Then why work with a pencil not intended for your kind of work? the master drawing pencil” includes, among its 17 degrees, a pencil to suit each kind of work—each individ- ual taste. The strong, smooth, respon- sive leads make work easier, quicker, more economical. 17 degrees—9H (hardest) to 6B (softest); HB (medium), for general work. Write us the nature of your pencil work and “eur dealer’s name, enclosing 15¢ in stamps,and we will send you full-length samples of the right degrees for you, worth double the meney— also our chart showing the uses of the 17 degrees. JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE CO. uimesp sayseu 241 4OC Dept. 120-J. Jersey City, N. J. D A Canadian Established distributors 1827 4A.R. MacDougall’ Co., Ltd., Toronto, Ont. New Pleasures > In Boating With a Lockwood - Ash Row Boat Engine riew boat- ing pleasures are in store for you. On your vacation,.camp- ing, fishing, picnicing or hunting, you can explore new fields. You can glide through the nar- rows, across. the riffles, over the: shal- lows. . Young and old can enjoy this practical, economical sport. Ask for the Lockwood-Ash Booklet ; learn about the 30-day trial plan. LOCKWOOD-ASH MOTOR CO. Jackson, Mich. (55) After ten years test by thou- eands of car users, Bricteon PneumaticTireshavesolved pncumetio tire problem, yriding,absolutelyproof inst punctures, aga pt ow- outs,ruts,rim cut,skidding, a SStee. Seue go 15 to 20,000 TRY "EM AT OUR EXPENSE Make us it. Don’t if day for not sati 5 ite to- details of most liberal, convincin **Free jial’’. plan ever offered. Sent with illustrated,descriptive The Brictson Mfg. Co. Dept. 134-49 1015 W, O. W. Bidg., Omaha, Nebr. ARMATURE AND MAGNET WINDING By Horstman & Tousley Anecessary book for electricians. Full facts and diagrams, $1.50 postpaid. g Popular Science Monthly, 225 W. 39th St., New Yor‘

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Ash oat- store 1m p- g or s can elds. lide the shal- can ‘ical, j-Ash about plan. -ASH ich. (55) icts and — lew Yor‘ © Railroading the Telephone — April, 1919» in a Crowded Office a government office. where the | gee of telephone calls does not warrant the installation of a telephone at each desk, a useful overhead trolley and track have solved the problem of passing the one desk telephone back | and forth. : The trolley consists of a grooved wheel, having its bearings in a Y- shaped frame, from which hangs a large ring.. The wheel runs upon a piece of 54-in. brass pipe jointed by elbows to hangers of pipe. The ver- tical hangers are screwed into flanged couplings, the bolt-holes of which are used to screw the framework to the ceiling. The trolley and a number of cur- | tain rings are run on before screwing | a - “Over the top” goes the tele- phone when the officer commands the horizontal pipe into the elbow at one end. The telephone cord, which is of the extension type, is stopped at intervals to the rings by pieces of twine. Secured to the tele- phone is a hook which ‘in no way interferes with its use, but which serves to hang the instrument to the trolley ring. A slight push is sufficient to send the telephone from one end of the track to the other. . The scheme possesses the additional advantage of keeping the telephone out of the way when it is not in use.—C. L. LOTHROP, JR. Indelible Inks for Glass or Metal HE formulas that follow are recom- mended for marking articles of glass, glass slips for microscopy, re- agent flasks, and the like: Sodium silicate. . . . 1 to 2 parts Liquid India ink. ..... 1 part For white: Sodium water-glass . 3 to 4 parts Chinese white or barium ONG 5c 265 Fo sce 1 part The writing is not attacked by any reagent used in microscopical tech- ‘nique, but may readily be scraped with a knife. The slips or other articles Should be as near chemically clean as Possible before attempting to write upon the surface.— HERMAN NEUHAUS. “I’m to be Manage? of:my Department starting Monday. The boss said he had been watching all the men. When he found I had been studying at home with the International Correspondence Schools he knew I had the right stuff in me—that I was bound to make good. Nowwe can move over to-that house on Oakiand Ave- nue and you can have a maid and take things easy. I tell you, Nell, - taking that course with the I. C. S. was the best thing I ever did.” , Spare-time study with the I. C..S. is winning promotions for. thousands of men and bringing happiness to thousands of homes all over the world. In offices, shops, stores, mines, mills and on rail- roads, I. C.S. trained men are stepping up to big jobs, over the heads of older men, past those whose only qualification is long service. é ¢ —— en oe Oe TEAR OUT HER Cee eee eee oe os There is a job ahead of you that [ TWTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOLS some man is going to be picked | BOX 7628, SCRANTON, PA. for. The boss can’t take chances. | f8posttion, or in the sutfect before wich I mark x. When he selects the one to hold Electr Lighting ond Hye ADVERTISING. a . . e Electric ing ndow mer it he is going to choose a trained Telegraph Engineer | Show Gard Writer man with sound, practical MEOHANIOAL ENGINEKR | (Railroad Trainmen - Mechanical Drafteman ILLUSTRATING knowledge of the work. Get Machine Shep Prectice [Cartooning Gas Engine erating Stenographer and Typist CIVIL ENGINEER Cert. Pub. Accountant Sarveying and Mapping TRAFFIC MANAGER MINE FOREMAN or EN@'R Railway Accountant STATIONARY ENGINEER Commercial Law ine Engineer GOOD ENGLISH busy right now and put yourself in line for that promotion. You can do it in spare time,in your Ship Draftsman Teacher own home through the Interna- ARCHITECT Common School Subseste tional Correspondence Schools aeebtbechesal iemmenam CIVIL, SERVICE ona p , Concrete Builder just as nearly two million men have done in the last twenty-five Structural Engineer PLUMBING AND HEATING Sheet Metal Worker ~ Textile Overseer or Supt. OHEMIST Railway Mail Clerk AUTOMOBILE OPERATING Auto Repairing Navigation Spanish AGRICULTURE Frenek Poaltry Raising §|_jItallea years, just as more than 100,000 “men are doing today. The first step these men took ! .. 00 was to mark and mail this cou- | 4% pon Make your start the same | ov way—and make it right now, _ internation nr matiane may cents thie cowpon 10 7 Present o a te__ ee | BOYS! Diafine Employers everywhere are looking for skilled drafts- ’ Ne: They are offering good salaries to start with F splendid chances for advancement. Drafting offers ‘exceptional oe arcane to a young man because drafting itself not only commands good pay, but it is the first step toward success in Mechanical or Structural Engineering or Architecture. And a\ drafting is just the kind of work a boy likes. sees een rs mnTEAR OUT HERE * ame — — «= «= INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOLS ox 763°, Scranton. Pa. ‘our course Explain fully about y in the subject marked X: You can easily learn drafting right at home in aE ity Fpl oy pacer yori er wet spare time. For 27 years the International Cor- HIP-DRAFTING vil Engineering wil Service respondence Schools have been giving boysjustthe [JELEOTRIO’L DRAFTING flag’ itationary Engin'¢ Ry. MatlSer. training they need forsuccessin Draftingand more |.4ROHITEO'L DRAFTING Mining Engineer’¢ AUTOMOB'S SH’T METAL DRAFTING ARCHITECTURE OHEMIST'Y than a6 other sublec Tugusands ofters Rave Pangea burns usw” Pimensic Let the I. C. 8. help you. Choose the work you like best 2*{D@E DRAFTING peleeenep . in the coupon, then mark and mail it. This doesn’t obligate Na ‘ou in the least and it may start you on a successful career. me his is your chance, Don’t let it slip by. Mark and mail this coupon now. Address 119

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os 4 5 | li tap 6 ne ae : - : it « oF 4 in i oo ieee a | a 7 CT ise sieves Rate 20 Cents a Word, payable in advance. 10% Discount for Six Insertions. : O ON : sale ris May issue closes March 20th ELECTRICAL ——__. MOTORCYCLES, BICYCLES, SUPPLIES consumes car- Used 2306 KE Dry Batteries. mple, practical instructions, with blue print, 25 cents. OIF go Sales Company, Bath, INVENTORS. Send sketch and description of your invention for advice regarding patent protection. Twenty years experience. Our hand-book on patents is sent free on request. All communications strictly confidential. Write us today. T: rt & Talbert, Patent Lawyers, 4675 Talbert Bidg., Washington, D. C. PROSTATOLOGY is our free “soggy + a —_— — disorders, see our ad under ‘For and -_ x “emer Company, 1006 Colt ‘Building, Btouben- e, ILLUSTRATED catalog, generators, motors, sockets, wire, switches, porcelain material. Hyre Electric Company, South Dearborn Street, Chicago. MOTORCYCLES all makes, .$25.00 up. New bicycles at big reduction. Second hand, $8.00 up. Motors, motor attachments. Cycle motors. Smith motor wheels, ete., $20.00 up. New parts to fit all makes carried in stock. Second hand parts good as new 50% discount. Expert repairing, on magnetos, generators, transmissions. phe oy overhauled $10.00 u Henderson motors our special: Write for big bargain bulletin. American Motor Cy Company, Dept. 3, Chicago. CONVERT your bicycle into a motorcycle at small cost by using Shaw Motor Attachment. ee free. Shae Mfg. Co., Dept. 68, Galesburg, Kans: WANT to sell that ee te of yout I have a method that has —_ Many. W) today for details; a postcard a . W. Coutlee, 205 West 39th Street, New York 100 induction motor winding diagrams; 1, phase, star delta. 2 to 12 poles inclusive. “Postpaid. 3600. E. a. 2108 South Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsyl- vania. HYDRONIZER—Insures clean FE ie bon, saves we saves repairs, and back guaran’ tive proposition for energetic and te tor free literature. Frien- stedt Chicago, “ENORMOUS. demand; Tankil; Modern duto-fuel; Vapors ay” system burns. water. _TIRES—Dou sy Ray Guarantee for 5 eS saree —Strong—! vy 30x3 tire; $5.50 301314, 6§ 33x4, $10. 00. Thd.'s $10. 75; 36x44, $ a 00; _ siz00" Big sa an a and tu Trad tires. required on C. O. D. orders.. agend now. Max Liben & Co., 205 B Weat 48th Street, ‘New York. Magnetos, tires, west prices. Haviland Supply, Seventh Avenue, New york City. MORE ’ santa results guaranteed. Write for booklet.. No-Leak-O Piston Ring Company, Baltimore, Maryland. soln ta ki 240 blueprints, $5.00. Write for yernous ars. 12 samples, 25c.. Char ¥ Chittenden, 811 est 18th Street, Kansas City, Missouri. AUTOMOBILES AND ACCESSORIES ac = some Fords do 0 34 in ‘to gallon, Thousands in use. Ganeany, 2933 West Lake Street, Kaas tren shapeendoas power. T: Cleveland, Ohio. a. e in your old elon sor Senoste or list ENGINES, carburetors, tos, all repair parts. Power, less fuel, no carbon. No mystery, plain AUTO Motors and supplies. Bo a gO gy td pe ichigan—Everett—Both water and air cooled Motors $30.00 each and up. Bosch Magnetos—$10.00 each and up _ Tan .00—Co .00—Carburetors $5. Electric Head _, $4.40—Spot Lights $3.40—Motor Horns $2.85. Air mpressors, etc. Write for Bargain List second hand auto accessories. Johnston, West End, Pittsburgh, Pe Pennsylvania. AUTOMOBILE Polish requires no papttes: puts elegant lustre on ¢ar, costs only per quart to make, s'"perior to polishes now on the market. Formula 50. R. E. L. Zim- merman, Coleman, Texas. CONVERT your bicycle into a motor-cycle at small cost Re. using Shaw Motor Attachment. Catalog free. Shaw Mfg. Co., Dept. 180, Galesburg, Kansas. PATENTS for automobiles are in great demand. We have special Automobile Department in charge of experts who are in touch with demands of trade. Write for free illustrated Guide Book, ‘‘How to Obtain a Patent.’”’ Vic- tor J. Evans & Co., 172 Ninth, Washington, District of Columbia. ‘BATTERY —— pays big profits. City currents or gas engine operates. Easy terms. Hoberts, Troy, Ohio. INSYDE Tyres, inner armor for Automobile Tires, prevent punctures and double mileage of any tire. Liberal ater Details free. American Accessories Co., Dept. 7-A, Cincinnati, Ohio. TIRES At Wholesale—Send For Prices on guaranteed tires and tubes. Lowest prices ax F, Ocdweth, lowe. D on earth. Overton Tire Co., VULCANIZING auto tires is a growing and profitable business. Easy to learn. Instruction book, $1. Plants $50 to $390. Details free. Equipm Cincinnati, Ohio. quipment Co., 302 8th Street, TIRES ¥ less. Buy direct at manufacturer's price. Guaranteed “6000 miles. Shioped “er on approval. Motorist Agents wanted. Write today. Give size of tires. ale By Tube & Tire Co., 842 Grand Avenue, Kansas City, VULCANIZE on Anderson’s Fam our advertisement, page 106. 13 witha is ae AUTO owners to introduce our innertubes. One set of not satiafed. Write or price ists, "Sherwood Sevutpment or price erwood Equipment Agency, Painesville, Ohio. sty INSYDE lyres, inner armor for automobile tircs, double mileage and prevent punctures and blowouts. ‘Quie ickly applied. Cost tittte. Demand tremendous. Profits un- limited, Devils free. American Automobile Accessories 30:, Dept. F3, Cinctonati, Ohio. FORD ACCESSORIES FORDS Start Easy in Cold Weather with our new 1919 carburetors. 34 miles per gallon. Use chea gasoline or half kerosene. Increased power. Styles for any motor. Very slow on high. Attach it yourself. Big profits to agents. Money back guarantee. 30 days’ trial. Friction Carburetor Co., 500 Madison, Dayton, Ohio. a ge 9 for Fords! Bright light all speeds, with er, $2.50 ee aranteed. 100% Profit. for agents. Sun- 1 fl ‘System ompany, 1508 Lytton Building, Chicago, an valve removing tool. Perfect, instantaneous. ey locks. Guaranteed. 75 cents prepaid or Tu-Ford Valve Tool Company, Boutell Place, Bay Gity, Michigan. “SEND us $1.00 and we will send = box 7 ade ga for your Ford c. motive Eliminates short circuits. D* Order today. Automoth ve Mt erm Company, 103 Lyric Building, you a peel a apne ar. Keeps oR" Ey bed. Circular free. Auto-Sleeper 1222L, Sacramento, California. “IN-TEN-SO” Ford Headlight Regulator Increases Head- lights 200 per cent while driving at low engine speed. Illumi- nates the road 200.ft. ahead—through fog and dust. Makes your night-driving y+. ~ and enjoyable. Easily attached. Opera’ tes antomat tically. 100,000 satisfied Ford users. Only pr device on market. Sent prepaid on receipt of 1.50. led after ten day trial if not satisfac- Order *‘In-Ten-So” immediately. Why deliberately ur life with unsafe headlights? Continental) Auto Co., Dept. M, Davenport, Iowa. (Agents wanted.) risk Supply WELDING AND SOLDERING “DONT scrap aluminum parts. Save them, with So- Luminum: New, great “3-in-1” welding, brazing and sol- dering compound, stronger than aluminum—perfect sub- stitute for acetylene welding—¥ time and cost. Use line torch or soldering iron. No flux. So-Luminum Manufacturing Company, 1790 Broadway, New York. WELDING Piants, $25.00 to $300.00. ene for all urposes. Small cash payment, balance three to months. a, mang ae or shop should have one. Bermo 0 Welding 0., BIG Profits in Farm lighting Plants—Battery Charging Outfits. Get our Agency Plans. Wolkee Company, Louis- ville, Kentucky. oy > ] e Out Of The Day’s Mail! Popular Science Monthly, 225 West 30th Street, New York, N.Y. Gentlemen: Popular Science Monthly is one of the best advertising mediums of a total of more than two hundred used by the Press Reporting Syndicate. The inquiry from our classified advertisements is liberal and the monetary return is more than sat- isfactory. Not only this, but the inquiry generally is from a very intelligent class, the only class with which we wish to do business. We began advertising in the classified columns of Popular Science Monthly more than three years ago and shortly thereafter sent a ‘‘t.f.”’ order. I think this speaks for itself. Sincerely, PRESS REPORTING SYNDICATE This is only one of many letters received monthly from satisfied and successful advertis- ers in every part of the country—men who know the value of Classified Advertising as a business- builder and who have found in Popular Science Monthly an effective medium through‘which to > a Buyers of America. Are YOU inter- este: Classified Advertising Manager, POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 225 West 39th Street, New York City. : | eee | : TRANSFER name plates. Send for price list. Decalcomanie Mfgrs., Jersey City, New Jersey. BARGAINS in used Harley, Excelsior, Henderson and Indian Bo ae condition guaranteed—$40.00 to $250. New and used bicycles $10.00 to $60.00. Write for bulletin. Charles A. Merkel, 162 North Clinton Avery Rochester, New York. “WHY pay exorbitant prices for your motorcycle parts when you can secure them from us at 25% to 50% saving? Rebuilt motorcycle and motors, magnetos, two and three speed, all accessories at a big reduction. Motorcycle Parts Manufacturing Company, Chicago, Illinois. MOTORCYCLES—buy now while prices are low. Large stock on hand. Harleys. Indians, Excelsior, Henderson, Popes, Reading-Standards and others. Tires and tubes at big reductions; state size wanted. Machines all over- hauled, and guaranteed running condition. Illustrated ne “F.” Carl W. Bush Company, Newark, New ersey. Globe AVIATION ame American School of Aviation announces a new cor- ndence course in Mechanics of Aviation. A thorough tra ning in practical aeronautics. American School of Avi- ation, Dept. 1864, 431 South Dearborn Street, Chicago. PATENTS wanted in Aeronautics. U. S. Government spending millions in this class for Army and Navy. Our Aeronautical Department will give full information on this subject. Write for our free book, ‘How to Obtain A Patent.” Victor J. Evans & Co., 179 Ninth, Washington, District of Columbia. FOR every thing aeronautical—motors, planes, propel- lers, parts. America’s oldest airplane factory. 12c —- for catalogue. Heath Airplane Company, Chicago, Illino AIRPLANE building, repairing and motor mechanics, taught in actual airplane factory. Eight weeks training in theory and practical work. Build your own plane in our shops with the aid of our engineers. Morriss Airplane School, 3519 Lincoln Avenue, Chicago. CHICAGO Aero Works (Wabash and River). free catalog. MOTOR timing—one or any number of cylinders; Simple. correct. Post patd, $1.00. Department ‘A, H. T. Jordan, 421 Hoyt Street, Buffato, New York. MEN: Learn aviation motor mechanics and Pas Building. Big demand. Flying. class starts March Ist. Write, Moler Aviation School, 105 South Wells Street, Chicago. AIRPLANES—1 to 6 passenger; aeronautical motors 5 30 to 300 H.P. Lowest prices. State your needs. Send for lists “‘P.S." Aero Exchange, 38 Park Row, New York. Send for MANUFACTURING HAVE you an idea to develop, a machine to perfect, & preduct to be manufactured? Do you need special machin- ery to reduce the cost of your product or a first-class model built, tools, dies or any kind of machine work? If so, send us a card for our illustrated booklet for manufacturers and inventors. Central Machine Works, vege North 12th Street, St. Louis, Missouri. SPECIALTIES of all kinds =anptactared for market: Write Adam Fisher Mfg. Co., 183F, St. Louis, Missouri. US our machine shop! Our surplus machinery—lathes’ milling machines, hand and automatic screw machines’ punch presses, etc., is at your service. No job too large at Duco Adding Machine Company, St. Louis: Missour'! SHOP EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS YOu Make Umakem Lathes. You make UmakeM Work Benches. You make UmakeM Novelties. For Material and outfits address UmakeM, Twenty UmakeM Building, Fifth Avenne, New York. TRADE SCHOOLS HILES’ Watchmaking and Engraving School, the largest and best equipped school in the West. 717 Market Street, San Francisco, California. BE an auto or tractor expe 5000 successful graduates. Big catalog free, Cleveland Shes School, 1821 East 24th Street, Cleveland. Ohio. BE an oil expert—study during your spare time. Lubri- cation engineers in big demand. Only practical school of oil salesmanship and lubrication engineering in existence. Bookl free. National Petroleum Schools, Dept. C., 14 East Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, Illinois. MODELS AND MODEL SUPPLIES TO avoid mistakes, inventors should have correct models made before ay, for patent. Write Adam Fisher Mfg. Co., 183E, St. Louis, Missouri. WE make working models for inventors and samples for demonstration, and carry a complete stock of brass gears and model one. Send for catalogue. The Pierce Model Works, 3405 Pierce Avenue, Chicago, Tlinois. USE our machine shop! Our surplus ee eae milling machines, hand and ic TOOL Chests for Mechanics, Handsome, lined oak and leather; guaranteed. $6.75 up. Agents and dealers wanted. Write— Tucker ‘“‘The Tool and Chest King,”’ York, Pennsylvania. : MISCELLANEOUS ELECTRICAL Tattooing Machjne, $3, $5, and $7. Catalogue for stamp. J. H. Temke, 1019 Vine, Psm., Cincinnati, Ohio. STAGE career offered you. Experience unnecessary Send stamp for instructive booklet ‘All About Vaudeville" LaDelle, Station 153, Jackson, Michigan. GRANDFATHER’S CLOCKS GRANDFATHER'S Clock Works $5.00. Build your own cases from our free instructions. Everybody wants a hall clock. You can make good profit building artistic clocks for your friends. We replace worn-out works in old clocks with works having chimes at money saving prices. Write for folder describing the most beautifui hall clock ever sold at $25.00. Clock Co., Nicetown, Pennsylvania. : WIRELESS punch presses, etc., is at ‘our candies, No. job too large. ee: Duco Adding Machine Company, St. Louis, ssour' 120 MOORHEAD vacuum valves for radio telegraphy and telenhony. Send for booklet “S.’’ Ford King, distributor, Balboa Building, San Francisco.

Page 107

cycle Parts low. Large Henderson, ~ nd tubes at — wark, New

3a new cor- A thorough hool of Avi- Chicago. xovernment Navy. Our tion on this » Obtain A Washington, nes, propel- 12¢ stamps ago, Illinois. * mechanics. 3 training in '). Send for f cylinders; tment ‘‘A,’ ork. ind airplane March Ist. Vells Street, al motors 30 s. Send for w York. to perfect, & 2cial machin- t-class model 2 If so, send facturers and North 12th a ee for market: , Missouri nery—lathes’ w machines’ ob too large: , St. Louis:

TALS nakeM Work For Material eM Building, ined oak and alers wanted. cians, osteopaths, physi 5 oan Mea Olea ba any one privately. Correspondence absolutely confidential. The Electrothermal 2 bo ag An ' Company, 1006 Colt Building, Steu cal culturists, etc. Easily used by

on ee you_ wish 4 0 -Development. Practical, 10c. and birthdate for invertetinat petan sonality ketal and first lesson in efficiency. ‘Thomson-Heywood Com- any, Dept. 700, Chronicle Building, San Francisco, Cali- YOU can be a winner. Gain Power and Individuality to be. ugh our system nmality_sketch ornia.

ARE you self-conscious; emb: ad in company. : arrassed i lack- ing self-control? ‘These ‘troubles ov . E ‘ 1400 Broadway, New’ York. Bist Dig wtih.

easy, sure. Particulars free. S are ae ee. Winslow E. Chase, W. GET vital strength—Retain youthful vigor. ape

Rate 7e word. The Electrical Experimenter brings positive STAMMERING

results. For wet, address Classified Department, 233 privately. Write for free booklet. Samuel E. bins. 246 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts. = STAMMERING cured—quickly, permanently, and c+)

town, New York. RUBBER stamps—stamp for catalog. Box 458, Middle- EDUCATIONAL AND INSTRUCTION

AUTHORS—MANUSCRIPTS

making hints, suggestions, ideas; the A B C of fu’ FREE to writers—a wonderful little book of nee STUDY bacteriology public health, and sani ’ ° tation. Exceptional o rtunities. Rem — oo a unerative positions. In- may be done at home. Write for information. Chicago Hospital College of Medi oe Chicago. ad edicine, 3832-N, Rhodes Avenue, es. Day and evening courses. Part work

Authors’ Press, Dept. 15, Auburn, New York. story and play-writing. Absolutely Free. a address:

publication. Literary Bureau, 117, Hannibal, Missouri. WRITERS: Stories, poems, plays, etc., are wanted for PROSTATOLOGY is our free booklet on prostate gland disorders, see our ad under ‘For Men and Women.” Electrothermal Company, 1006 Colt Building, Steubenville 7

Syndicate, 400, St. Louis. WRITE for newspapers and magazines. Big Pay. Ex- perience unnecessary; details free. Press Reporting ~ FOR students of French and Spanish. Le M ‘ran- ot the be Roy ¥ El Panorama (Nambers 1-4, 700) .) ooklets. ocabulary. Speci: School Press, Webster & Clark, Chieago, a

sie, New York. SEE Here! We want your ideas for photoplays and stories! Criticized Free. Sold on commission. Send for guide. Manuscript Sales Company, Dept. 100, Poughkeep-

LARGEST stock of Typewriters in America. woods, way under manufacturer’s where, applying rent on purchase price; free trial. Write for catalogue 11. 34-36 West Lake Street, rices. Rented any- ment payment desired. rium (Estab. 1892).

NEW, rebuilt and slightly used Typewriters $8 up. Portable Machines $10 up. Wri e for our Catalog 258. Beran Typewriter Co., 58 W. W: t ashington St., Chicago.

ADDING MACHINES

WONDERFUL Adding Machine seven columns capaci- dds and multiplies as fast as the Thousands being sold through demon- stration. L. J. Leishman Company, Dep't L., Ogden, Utah. MINUTES pay dollars demonstrating new $10.00 add- ne. Wonderful invention. divides atitomatically. Five-year gvWarantee. mi Liberal profits. Write quick for trial offer Dept. O, Calculator.Corporation, ty, only one dollar.

and protected territory. Grand Rapids, Michigan.

FORMULAS & TRADE SECRETS

DON’T HESITATE!—When in need of definite and reli- able data concerning any trade formula or industrial, We are ever on the alert and closely fo the development of the industrial arts in all its branches. Each formula or process furnished by this bureau is supple- mented by detailed instructions for its manipulation, there- by doing away with any guesswork on the part of the inex- We also advise you where the ingredi- ents which enterinto any process can.be obtained. The standard price for each process or formula issued by us is Letters of inquiry welcomed. Write us now. Industrial Methods Bureau, 320 Fifth Avenue, New perienced operator.

PROSTATOLOGY is our free booklet on prosta ers, see our ad under ‘‘For Men and Women. hermal Company, 1006 Colt Building, Steube

1000 Valuable formulas, 25c. Claremont, New Hampshire. 50 FORMULAS 10c. Catalog 2c. ties, 3311-PS., Belleplaine, Chicago. Clifford Camp Company,

Bestovall Laborato-

LITERARY MECHANICS: Learn how to understand blue print drawings; complete 168 page book; 223 illustrations: ed me 3 ie a not satisfied, woe. ieee tducational Institute, 1 Detroit, Michigan. pn aA: RES

500 words $1.50. Gertrude San Milwaukee, Wisconsin. SPEECHES, essays, distinctive advertising letters, CAMERAS, PHOTOGRAPHY, SUPPLIES

pamphlets, and special articles propane fot all popeetoms. orn, ‘arwe venue,

PHONOGRAPHS AND SUPPLIES MAIL us 15¢ with any size Film for development and velvet prints. Or send 6 negatives any size and l5c fi peceee. = 10 mented euletareente 35c. Prompt, pertéct vice. oanoke tt) ‘inishin, 40., Roanoke, Virginia. Ne ie ee ee,

Supply Co., Indianapolis, Indiana. BUILD your Phonograph. ‘Perfection’ high quality spring and electric Motors, Tone Arms, Reproducers, bac Cincinnati, Ohio. Wonderful results. Big saving. New catalog and building OUR Regular Prices, Prints, 3e Each. Developing 5c Roll. Any Size. One trial that’s all we ask. You'll come k for more. Photo Service Shop, 929 McMillan,

instructions mailed for ten cents. Indiana Phonograph

absolutely free. Write toda. Company, Dept. F1, Cincinnati, Ohio. SEND today for most complete camera and photographic catalog; worth its weight in gold—but free to you! D. Stern Company, Chicago, U. 8. A. In business since 1886.

BUILD your own phonograph. Big saving. Pleasant, instructive work. Complete instructions, blue-prints, etc., oday. Associated Phonograph FILM developed free. Prints, cards, 3c. 8x10 enlarge- ments, 4, $1.00. Get list. Emil Sprauer, Hamilton, Ohio

North Tonawanda, New York. BUILD phonographs, we furnish complete ‘material. Send 25 cents for plans and instructions. Belltona Company, REAL ESTATE—FARM LANDS

MUSIC AND SHEET MUSIC MONEY-MAKING farms—17 states—$10 to $100 acre. Stock, tools, crops Often inelutied to settle quickly Write for big illustrated catalogue. Dept. : Farm Agency, New York. ee oe

successfu bocker Studios, 168 Gaiety Building, New York. SONG Writers: Submit your song-poems now for free examination and advice. Valuable booklet explaining our original methods of revising, composing, copyrighting and facilitating free publication or outright sale of songs. Sent Free on postal request. Learn the truth from a reliable P concern. Satisfaction guaranteed. Knicker-

born Street, Suite 111, Chicago. WRITE the Words for a Song. We write music, guar- antee publisher’s acceptance. Submit poems on patriotism, love or any subject. Chester Musie Co., 538 South Dear-

ing, New York. Write the words for a song. We revise poems, write music and guarantee to secure publication. Submit poems on any subject. Broadway Studios, 121C Fitzgerald Build-

Block, Chicago. RITE a song—Love, mother, home, childhood, patri- otic or any subject. I compose music atid guarantee publica- tion. Send words today. Thomas Merlin, 238 Reaper

Niagara School of Music, Niagara Falls, New York. PIANO by ear. if you have talent, write for free booklet.

MOTION PICTURE BUSINESS

GOOD income nightly on small investment. lete guaranteed moving picture outfit direct from manu- cturers and save money. Easy payments. pe ence needed. Catalog free. National Moving Picture Dept. PE, 537 South Dearborn Street, Chicago. WRITE Photoplays: $50 each. Experience unnecessary; | details free to beginners. Producers’ League, 194, St. Louis.

Studios, Room 106, Morton Building, Chicago. YOU write the words for a song—Submit poems on patriotism, love or any subject. We write music, guarantee copyright and assist in securing publisher. Metropolitan

HAVE you song pane I have best proposition. Ray '. Hibbeler, D1, 4040 Dickens Avenue, Chicago. FREE book of Florida facts. If interested in Florida’ before visiting or settling in this wonderful state of fr. flowers and sunshine write Lake County Land Owners Association, No, 205 Lloyd Street, Fruitland Park, Florida, for free book of actual photographs and real conservative facts concerning this State. There is poor, good, better and best land in Florida. This book will teach you what IS best and why. The members of the association are not land agents; they simply wish to tell actual facts to those really interested in the State. They have no time to waste on curiosity seekers, children or people who expect to grow rich without effort, but to those of character, energy, some capital, with a desire to learn more of the opportunities in this most prosperous State we would be glad to give fullest infermation.

CALIFORNIA little farms, near Los Angeles, for sale. Easy payments. Write E. R. Waite, Shawnee, Oklahoma.

THE Real Estate Educator—A Book for hustling real estate boosters, promoters, town builders and every man who owns, sells, rents or leases real estate. Covers fully Workmen’s Compensation Act, Income Tax Law, Employ- er’s Liability Act, Statute of Frauds, How to Sell Real Estate, How to Become a Notary Public or Commissioner of Deeds, ‘‘Pointers,” ‘‘Don’ts’’ and other imformation. 256 Pages, Cloth, Price, $1.50. Book Department, Popular Science Monthly, 225 West 39th Street, New York.

PICTURES AND POSTCARDS

FOR SALE AND EXCHANGE

YS Wanted. Big prices paid. We show you how. Free particulars. Rex 175, F 12, Chicago.

AVIATION Speedster from bicycle parts; what you need uy costs very little. New high speed invention. Com- Diete plans, 25c. Aerocar, Racine, Wisconsin. PROSTATOLOGY is our free booklet on prostate gland disorders, see our ad under ‘‘For Men and Women.” The Electrothermal Company, 1006 Colt Building, Steuben- ville, Ohio.

LET’S swap! What’ye got? What’ve want? Free advertising. Three months, dime. Swap Bulletin, Detroit,

AUCTIONEERS

AKE beautiful oak waste paper_basket. L. C. Potter, 2824 5th Avenue, Pueblo, Colorado.

AUCTIONEERS—Make big money. Free catalogue. Carpenter s Auction Scnovl, Kansas City. 121

JOIN Live Postcard Club. Membership Papers 10c. Harvey Teeple, Decatur, Indiana. EVERYTHING in post cards. Up-to-date lists sent free. Worth-while samples 25c. Mention chcice preferred. Mutual Supply Company, Bradford, Pennsylvania. DO you like pictures? Prove it! Send your name, write plainly, and no money. O. W. Miller, C105 Chambers Street, New York.

GIRL photographs (really beautifvl). Twenty miniatures 10c. Bronx Girls Club, 417 East 15ist Street, New York. BEAUTIFUL, attractive pictures for dens, clubs, etc. If you want pictures worth having, these are sure to please.

‘Dime brings sample, particulars. The Jorst Company, Room 6, 1351 Superior, N. E., Cleveland, Ohio.

Page 108

FOR INVENTORS . sete

irene eta a etgior oleso | Siteaticrsee ais tells how to | eure and patent for costs. Covers tne Iai tz 190 page leeaatly Re Dasacel its greatly inventors suggest ~ new ideas "gfeat ald in vantians. ie gg BSE go) as oie apie ~Patent Sheree ae brokers. . Price $1.00. Postage free. Fred “Siccertch, 681 Ouray Building, Washington, D. C. =A

THE ical Experimenter: Classified Columns bring itive . - Circulation 100,000—rate 7c word. For ~address Classified Department, 233 Fulton Street, New York.

~ PATENTS. yieite for free Hlustrased ax le book. Send sketch or oes, ana serieon for free opinion of its ‘hest references. Prompt attention. ble terms. Victor J. Evans & Co., 156 Ninth, Washington, D. INVENTORS—We specialize in manufacturing new, patented articles, make es—and do experi- mental work. Modern a 2 eeeerrnane Co., Dept. E., nee Place, Cincinnati, O) a practical invention to sell a or — on ‘royalty? “gend details to Adam Fisher Mfg -» 183 A St. Louis, Missouri.

NTORS join National Institute of Inventors. Building, New York City; membership society 1900 strong; will tion. you Fh ae mies develop, finance and lutely no charge. Write

market. your inven’ for klet. INVENTORS. Send sketch and description of your in- vention for =v regarding patent protection. Twenty years ex, Our hand-book on patents nt free us today. Talbert & ne he Patent Lawyers, 4691 albert Bldg., Washington, D. C. woubaeen to advertise? Success or failure depends upon cial ay ess. Get started right. Com- potent ad ven by one who knows. Douglas ‘akefield ‘Cont ® ae West 39th Street, New York. INVENTORS! We eve, a proposition that will probably ries invited. T Wakefield E fnterest you. Inquii gineering Com

n- pany, 922 A F St., N. W., Washington, D. C PATENTS. Fees payable monthly instalments. Free books and advice. Frank Fuller, Washington, D. C. PROSTATOLOGY is our free booklet on prenate, a disorders, see our ad under ‘“‘For Men and Wom ee On Company, 1006 Colt Building, Steuben- ville 0 PATENTS promptly procured. Send drawings for actual search of U.S. patents. Personal a Moderate fees. Write for free patent book. George-P. Kimmel, ios lawyer, 388 Loan & Trust Building, Washington, istrict of Columbia. USE our weshine shop! lathes, omar machi: ae ree Riiesourl:

Our surplus machinery— nes, hand and automatic screw _ presses, etc., is at your service. No job to Duco "Adding Machine Company, St. Louls,

PATENTS FOR SALE

WE have a few practical a inventions for we oc 8 trade. Adam Fisher Mfg. Co., 183B, St. Louis,

PATENT. R | gage for Fords for sale. Box 2, Cont- micut, Rhode

R sale: qe alr compressor for Ford. D. Prutton, 4301 Terrett Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio. PATENTED motor vehicle drive-gear; sale o Future basis of automobile construction. Lagrande, Oregon FOR sale now—Client has just secured a patent on aero- plane gas top. Aeroplanes in future may require the as- sistance of = to lighten weight, then this patent, being basic, will be exceedingly valuable. Richard Owen, Owen Building, Washington, D. C

r lease. Lock “Box 52,

q

PATENT ATTORNEYS

PATENTS. If you hove an invention ae you wish to patent you.can write fully and freely to M & Co., for advice in d to the best way of obtaining protec- tion. Please sketches or a model of your invention and a description of the device, explaini: ‘eg operation. Ali Scanueumbensiond are strictly confident Our vast prac- tice, extending over a period of seventy years, enables us in many cases to advise in regard to paventability without any expense to the client. Hand Book P. is sent cn on request. This ex ete., in regard to Patents, Trade Marks, Foreign Patents, etc. i agolentine American” contains Patent Office Notes. Decisions of interest to inventors—and iculars of re- cently patented inventions. Munn & Solicitors of Patents. 624 Woolworth Building, New York, and 625 ¥F Street, Washington, District of Columbia. PATENT attorney, expert. Thorough 21 Park Row, New INVENTOR’S adviser sent free on request. Be sure you understand about manufacture, importation and the Com- ulsory License Clause of the Patent Act before applying or Canadian patents. Marion & Marion, 365 University Street, Montreal, Canada, aie y dis F Street, Washington, District of Columbia.

electrical engineer, mechanical sae service. Frank Ledermann,

S mn, D.C. bo hn pa a patent can be isd and its exact cost. * York. TENTS Oe nee Personal Send Grawings for actual

aaa . “Moderate fees. * Write fort aeteut eorge. P. P.- Kimmel. patent wyer, Loan & Trust aa , Washington, D.C. cool atent Attorney and m Ire rt fees nd for Herbert Jen: hanical expert, 622 F St., Wasi

MTS pesente obtained — us. Adam Fisher Louis, Misso' TENTS and Patent Possibilities’’ is a valuable book- ¢ which all about patents, and is full of interesting information for inventors. . Frequent causes of failure are explained. Sent free together with form ‘Proof of Concep- tion”’ to be signed an wos L seperation. hington, D. C. INVENTORS. Send sketch and description of your invention for advice regarding patent protection. Twenty years experience. Our hand-book on patents is sent free on a. All communications «strictly confidential. Write today. bert & Talbert, Patent Lawyers, 4624 Talbert Bldg., Washington, D.C. M. E. MILLER, Ouray Building, Washington, D. C. Patent Attorney, mechanical and electrical expert. Best quality of work and results. Moderate charges. Advice free. PROTECT your invention. ‘Personal service. Send ene for honest advice. J. Osage Kelly—912 Woodward Building, Washington, D. C. TO Market Your Invention, you must get in touch with the proper. persons. Let me show you how to doit. D. W. Coutlee, 225 West 39th Street, New York City. PROSTATOLOGY is our free Lr on protinty ent disorders, see our ad under ‘“‘For M Electrothermal Company, le, Ohio. INVENTIONS patented; trade-marks registered; labels, wats and publications copyrighted; reasonable fees; cor- etailed information free; booklets. Jaynes & Jaynes, 701. Kellogg, Washington, D. C ane eeree. Booklet free. Highest references. Best re- ults. Promptness assured... Watson E. Coleman, Patent Smerset. 624 F Street, Washington, D. C. PATENTS procured; reliable service. on Patents’ free. S. Tilinois. PATEN iS. Foremost word free. Write now. Metzger, Washington, D.C.

witnessed for your protection before on. 8. Hill, 929 McLachlen Building,

ome! 1006 WenT Building, tendon

“The Last Word anders, 2 Webster Building, Chicago,

AGENTS AND SALESMEN WANTED

‘WONDERFUL chance for every man and woman, boy or girl anywhere to get wholesale discounts on men’s shirts and furnishing goods; also to connect with a large business house and make a steady regular salary and commission Popular Science Month $1,000 per Man per County; Strange invention world—agents amazed. Ten inexpypenced men . --Korstad, a farmer, did: $2, 200° $195 first urs:

a) or cold-runing water bath, equipped home at only $6.50. Self-heating. No plumb! works required. Investigate. Exclusive sale. Send no money. Write letter or postal today. Co., 476 Allen Bldg., Toledo, Ohio.~ to REMARKABLE Stretching Cuff Links—permit cults be raised over -elbows quickly, without Unbuttonis Durable invisible, everlasting. Big profits for competent district agents selling direct to wearers. — Flexo, OS 8, Sheboygan, Wisconsin. $40 to $100: a week. Free complies. Gold sign letters letters anyone can put on windows. Big demand. Liberal offer to general agents. Metallic Letter Company, 400 North Clark, Chicago. pene ers: ick ier id profits. California Roge- Sons: Write toa ah Missic Bead Gi meng, abi oday. on ompany, X2: Pico, Los Angeles, California. — = bs GOING to advertise? Success or failure depends upon your knowledge of the business. Get started right. “Come petent advice gladly nm by one who knows. Douglag . Wakefield Coutlee, bo West 39th Street, New York. acd Line ot me Transfer —— for i tO Socata automobiles just off press; exceptio profits to agents salesmen. Samples and display bo 10c. Pa ard free. Globe Decalcomanie Miers, Jersey City, New Jersey, PROSTATOLOGY is our free booklet on prostate gland gland disorders, see our ad under ‘‘For Men and Women.” The ree Company, 1006 Colt Building, Steubenville,

LIBERTY Policy, the very latest in Insurance, co all accidents and sickness. Every occupation insurabie, men and women, 16 to 70 years. $5,000 death and $25.00 weekly costs $15.00 yearly. Thritt Policy, paying benefits, cost $7.50 yearly. Special benefits covering farmers. Policies also at $10.00 and $5.00 premiums to meet low-rate competition. Leather wallet enclosing $100 Identification Certificate with each policy. Attractive agency openings with.continuous renewal commission. As- sets $2,696,258.27.. Founded 1907. Southern Surety Com- pany, 368 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa. AGENTS: Big profits. Best and ay window letters made. Easily applied. Lime brings five samples, Slag “por free. Staibrite Company, 1115 Second Avenue, ew Yor * SALESMEN—City or Traveling. Experience ae sary. Send for list of openings and full particulars. Frepar * spare _— to-earn the big salaries—$2,500 to $10,000 year. mployment service rendered Me mbers. Salesmen’s Training Association, Dep’t 126 C, no

Chea

$10 a.day taking orders in spare time in your vicinity or on the road in the most dignified and congenial way yeu. ever heard of for the famous nationally advertised Duratex brand; guaranteed six months’ wear or replaced free; handsome complete pocket outfit as good as a store free with full instructions; no experience needed; no bother; you only take orders, we do the rest; no delivering; cash commis- sions in advance; business booming; lots of men have to have shirts, hosiery, underwear, etc.; now that ce has come; lots of repeat orders; start a real, permanent business of your own—even a half hour at noon, an hour at night, brings you $3 to $5 =—<e money every day; don't take our word. Try it, and you'll see. Don't pass this by when it costs you nothing to see if what we say isn't true. The end of every month brings your salary check of $50 to7$100. What thousands of others are doing, you can do too—in - exactly the same tried and. tested successful way. Write quick for this wonderful chance. Even if you can’t take orders you owe it to your = ee to get as discounts on your own one Goodell & Comp: Duratex Building, New York, largest mail order w viesale haberdashery house in the world. AGENTS—Make a dollar an hour. Sell Mendets, a patent patch for instantly mending leaks in all utensils. Sample package free. Collette Mfg. Co., Dept. 467, Am- sterdam, New York. MEN and Women—Become independent—own your business, experience unnecessary selling our $6,000 Acci- dental Death, $39.00 Accident, $25.00 Sick Weekly Benefits, $10.50 yearly, half amounts $5. 50. Guaranteed steady in- come from renewals. 50,000 deposited Insurance De- partment. Registration Sept. S., Newark, N. J. ENORMOUS profits applying transfer monograms to automobiles, trunks, bags, etc. Easily and quickly ap —. to anything. No experience. No paints or laborious lettering. Sample free. Wagner Company, Corona, New

VULCANIZING auto-tires growing profitable business, especially now. Easy tolearn. Instruction book $1. Plants $50. up. Catalog free. Equipment Company, 372 8th Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. “YOU can make good durable paints and varnish, 25c gallon. Emmelmann Bros. Mfg. Company) Dep't A, Indianapolis, Indiana. “RADIO” Luminous Paint for resale. Big demand—big rofits. Trial can, 50c delivered. American Luminos oducts Co., Huntington Park, California. MAKE and Sell Your Own Goods. Machinery unneces- sary. Expert Chemists advise. Special attention to be- ginners. Write for Formula Catalog. Elmer Mystic Com- pany, Washington, D. C. ENORMOUS profits selling Duo Guaranteed Products. Easy sales at every house. All or spare time. Outfit Free. write quick: Duo Company, Dept. H66, Attica, New ork. AGENTS: New invention puzzles world; wonderful chemical cloth; one rub over rain, snow blurred auto wind- shield; street-car or engine window, presto! glass stays clear 24 hours; can’t blur; agents making $120 weekly. Security Mfg. Co., Dept. 109, ‘Toledo, Ohio.

LACEY Patent-Sense. ‘‘The book the inventor keeps.”

Free. See —— 113. i Trade Marks, Copyrights. Prompt onal, rel reliable pviee. Over 30 er active practice. we ook free. oe as E.G. Siggers, Box 1, +e ec eee Washington, D Cc. TENTS. Write for free illustrated guide book, ““How to Obtain a Patent.” Send sketch or model and description for free opinion of its patentable nature. Highest references. Prompt attention. Reasonable terms. Victor J. Evans & Co., 155 Ninth, Washington, D. C. DON’T lose your rights. Send for blank form ‘Evidence “- See et he diectosin ae eee i —~ tion to oeng its ‘ore n¢ your inven vl Ee noe information concerning paten Lancaster

ts free. & Ailwine, 232 Ouray Building, Washington, D.C.

YOUR idea wanted. Patent your invention. I'll help ou market it. Send for 4 free books, list of it buyers, Bundrede of ideas veer etc Advice ym ge vertised ‘B. Owen, Patent La 44 ae Blag., Washinaton. D. C., oF 22767 Woolworth Bidg.. “New. Yor.

KEROSENE Burners for Furnaces, Cook and Heating Stoves. Economy Mfg. Company, 616 West. Monroe, Chicago. AGENTS. Answer first! What Kilem will do! Greatest scientific discovery of the age. 10th year. Instant death before your eyes, roaches, bedbugs, etc. Salary or commis- sion. Outfit and verritory free. Newlyn Company, New Castle, Delaware. EASY, pleasant work for Mechanics, Shop Men, Clerks, during spare hours, will add many dollars to their Se ae Also want persons who can give full time. Big w: assured. Novelty Cutlery Co., 27 Bar St., Canton, ‘Ohio. WONDERFUL Adding Machine—Seven column capaci- ty—tretails for one dollar. Sells itself everywhere.’ Most offices purchase several. Sensational agency proposition. L. J. Leishman Co., Dept. F, Ogden, Utah. AMERICAN Military Styles are all the rage in men's tailored to measure suits this season. Easiest to sell; everybody wants them.. Far ahead of all others in real class and ge A Lowest prices—less than common ready- made suits. ur agents are coining money. You can earn $10 daily. “gend for full particulars, terms and sample book of styles and patterns. American Woolen Mills Co., Dept. A-51, Chicago, Illinois. WINDOWEDGE—Stops rattling windows; keeps out cold; worth dollars, sells for dime. Big seller. Moore Com- pany, 413 Jerome Avenue, Cincinnati MEN of Ability—To represent manufacturer direct, selling Sales and oresr Books. Liberal commission. Sales Book Co., P. S., Chicago. NINETY Per Gent of Your Calls Turned into Sales, Wonderful Enthusiasm Follows Every Demonstration! Write at Once for Full Particulars of Our Line of Eradium (Luminous) Articles. Startling! Mysterious! Everlasting! Novel! They Shine in the dark. @rucifixes, House Num-

bers, Bulbs, Match Boxes, Picqures, Switch Plates. Sole oo age The Pioneer rporation, 1263 W. 63rd, cago.

AGENTS—Steady Income. Large manufacturer of Handkerchiefs and Dress Goods, etc., wishes representative in each locality. Factory to consumer. Big profits, honest goods. Whole or spare time. Credit given. Send for par- team a Mfg. Co., 24 Main Street, Brooklyn, ew Yor OUR New Inventions earn you steady income. Can- vassers, County Rights, Salesmen and Promoters write. Adam Fisher Mfg. Co., 183G, St. Louis, Missouri. AGENTS: Big money selling great household invention. Sample 25c. Particulars free. Webster & Company, 2935 North Clark Street, Chicago. DROP everything else! Sell guaranteed Silk hosiery and underwear all or spare time; direct from factory to con- sumer. Big money maker. Big commissions. Prompt deliveries. C. & D. Company, Dept. 10, Grand Rapids, Michigan. WERE You Ever Offered a Grocery Store? Our Pro tion is Better. Let us tell you how you can handle Flo Canned Goods, Provisions, and entire line of groce well as Paints, Roofing, Stock, Foods, Automobile and Machinery Oils and Greases. No rent to pay. No invest- - ment in stock. Large orders taken from samples. Goods of guaranteed and proven quality. Selling experience not necessary. Very profitable work for ‘“‘workers.’’ Address Hitchcock Hill Company, Dept. 220, Chicago, Illinois. Reference: Any bank or express company.

NEW invention—Big seller. Box 433, Newark, New Jersey. MAN in each town to refinish chandeliers, brass beds, automobiles, by new method. $10 daily without capital or experience. Write Gunmetal Company, Avenue “F,” Decatur, Illinois. PATENTS. Write for Free Illustrated Guide Book. Send sketch or model for free opinion of its patentable nature. Highest. References. mnt attention. Reason- able Terms. Victor J. Evans & Co., 174 Ninth, Washington, District of Columbia. 233% PROFIT selling Jubilee Spark Intensifier. Ban- ishes spare ping trouble. Sells like wild-fire. Exclusive Devlin Company, P.O.

territorv. Write quick. Jubilee Mfg. Company, Omaha, Nebraska. . WORLD'S fastest selling auto ac eat y. County distributors wanted; G. L. W. Spring Oiler write Comnany, San Diego, California, U.S. A 122

INSYDE Tyres, inner armor for Automobile Flo a prevent punctures and double mileage of any tire. Libe rofits. Details free. American Accessories Co., Dept. 7, Cincinnati, Ohio. AGENTS—Soldiers, sailors, women sell greatest History of Wee ene 8 Own Story; Peace Supplement—600 Ages; 2 % commission. Bi premums Send 10c for postage o Publisher, 1207- Ludington Building, Chicago. 300% Profit—Agents clearing hundreds weekly. washing compound. Wonderful seller. Big repeater: Nature’s mightiest cleanser. Send for proof; free, sample. Fred D. Mitchell, 1314 E. 61 Street, Chicago. MIRACLE Motor-Gas amazes motorists. 3c worth equals gallon gasoline. Eliminates carbon. 300% aes Isom, Idaho, wires: ‘Shi fa es. Made $7! terday.” les free. Chas. A. Butler, Secretary, Dept. 0.

New

Sampl 60, Toledo, O

Page 109

$$ prostate jomen.” ben’ gland The , Steu Ville, urance, cover ion insurable, th and bag ft paying efits covering niums to meet ee ‘Ateasiee nmission. Ag- 1 Surety Com- SL apest window | five samples, cond Avenue, lence unneces- lars. Erepare 100 to $10,000 ers. National 3 C, Chicago, inteaniomsineasibiael |dot Greatest Instan t death ary or commis- ompany, New ) Men, Clerks, their salaries, , House Plates. L263 W. et, Brooklyn, ~ ncome. Can- moters write. ouri. old invention. ompany, 2935 | Silk hosiery ‘factory to con- ons. Prompt rand Rapids, Our Pro handle Flour, f groce: rs. ress cago, Illinois. mobile Ti tire Liberal 2s Co., Dept. eatest History ~ plement—-600 , commission. Life of Roose- . H.J. Smith, weekly. New Big repeater; ts free sample. y, New Jersey, 5 Ae ‘ a Pa a 3 . can do same. 36 to $8 L Make: blue. Monday rosy. “for April, 1919 are time. Money back proposition. Write er petee lists. Sherwood Equipment Agency, Paines- ville, Ohio. $9.50 per | -paid one representative in each town to Wey free civeulare and take orders for concentrated | mee in tubes. Permanent position. F. E. Barr Com- - 627 Lowell Building, Chicago. : > New high-class phonograph. Easy to carry. pane right into a carrying case. Wonderful tone—low ce. Easy seller. Plays all records. Write. for demon- Mrating sample. Orchestrola Company, 1161 North eR known. Our History of the est seller ever known. ur 0) eee wer Sreetrrancis A. March, brother of General i hest officer in United States Army. Complete, i d—official ors pear a 0 This Po — ke $500.00 per month. n c. postage Coase uttit. Vietory Publishing Company, 679 Man- hattan Building, Chicago, Illinois. a S: Sell rich looking 36x68 imported rugs, $1. Pg ot Tenn., sold 115 in 4 days; profit, $57. You ( Write for sample offer selling plan; ee 4 terri Sample rug by parcel post prepaid, $1.19. ss pes wae Importer, 12 Pearl Street, Boston, Massachusetts, AMAZING new invention, marvelous adding machine. Retails $10. Adds, subtracts, multiplies, divides auto- matically. Does work of $300 machine. Five-year guar- antee. Offices, stores, factories buy from one .to dozen. Every demonstration sells. Liberal profits. Write uick for protected. territory and trial offer. Calculator. Corpora- tion, Grand Rapids, Michigan. ; Wornd War — Introduction by Genera waa l Authentic book—TIllustrated—Service Re- cord—gilt photograph frame. Prompt appa biggest terms—out it’fre2: Historical Book Co., C icago. ¥ nm earn anywhere from $3000 to $6000 a year OF oy Visual Instruction Equipment to. schools. and libraries. : Exclusive territory, permanent contracts to high-class men.: Al references and cash deposit guarantee required. - Underwood & -Underwood, 417 5th Avenue, Dept. P. S., New York. a day profit. Nothing like it on the market. Not sold . stores. oe territo roper parties; write for free sample. iy 3 Sey der & Company, 3 East Third Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. BIG MONEY selling Non-alcoholic Flavorings, Egg Con- er, ToLet Preparations, all repeaters. Agents’ outfit free. Fletcher Prod iction Company, 317 Clinton, Chicago ~ 7EN—to handle guaranteed innertubes in each town. MEN—Age 17 to 45. Experience unnecessary. Travel, make secret investigations, reports. alaries, expenses. American Foreign Detective Agency, 321, St. Louis. WRITE Photoplays: $50 each. Experience unnecessary: details free to beginners. Producers’ League, 194, St. Louis. 2000 Men bettered their positions—advanced their earn- ings $400 to $3000 year through forceful, systematic letter application. Write for particulars. John Burns, 509V West 174th Street, New York. EARN $900 to’$1800 per Year. Government Railway Mail, Post Office and other ‘‘exams” coming. Prepare under Former Civil Service Examiner. Book free. Patterson Civil Service School, Box 3019, Rochester, N. Y. BE a detective. Excellent opportunity, good pay, travel, Write C. T. Ludwig, 424 Westover Bldg., Kansas City, Mo- BE a Mirror Expert, $3-$10 a day; spare time home at first; no capital; we train, start you making and silvering- mirrors French method.. Free prospectus. W..F. Derr, Pres., 579 Decatur Street, Brooklyn, N.Y. BE a finger print expert; $25 to $50 a week in this néw antl fascinating profession. Write—find out how you can learn at home to supply the big demand for finger print experts in banks, big. factories, detective agencies, etc. . Special limited offer—send for free illustrated book. Tells all Bove finger prints. University of Applied Science, Room 04, 1810 Wilson Avenue, Chicago, Illinois. INVENTORS. Send sketch and description of. your invention for advice regarding patent protection. Twenty years experience. Our hand-book on patents is sent free on request.. All communications strictly confidential. Write us today. Talbert & Talbert, Patent Lawyers, 4101 Tal- bert Bldg., Washington, D.C. - DETECTIVES make big money. Be one. Write Amer- ican School of Criminology, Detroit, Michigan. PROSTATOLOGY is our free booklet on prostate gland disorders, see-our ad under ‘‘For Men and Women.” The Spt og Company, 1006 Coit Building, Steuben- ville, 0. WRITE for newspapers-and magazines. Big Experience unnecessary. Copyright book free. Reporting Syndicate, 4005, St: Louis. THOUSAND abel peace jobs open to men- women-girls. $900 to $1500 year. ~Short_hours. Paid vacations. Common education sufficient: ‘List positions free.. Write immediately. Franklin Institute, Dept. C50, Rochester, N. Y. pay Press GENTS—Snappiest household line on earth. Red hot ethers: steady répeaters—100% profit. 500 light weight, fast selling popular priced necessities. Agents outfit free. Get busy—quick—Write today; postal will do. American Products Company, 6047 American Building, Cincinnati, Ohio. SALESMEN wanted—to sell oils, belting, hose, paint, varnish, to factories, garages, mills, auto owners, stores, farmers, threshers, outside large cities. Excellent proposi- tion. Paid weekly. O. L. Doty, Dept. 47, Cleveland, Ohio. SALESMEN—New carburetor for Ford cars. Simple, not a moving part, installed in thirty minutes, guaranteed to double your mileage and start in zero weather without heating or priming. 15 day free trial. © Our St. Louis man sold 1400 in 6 months, Salt Lake City man made $1200.00 in one week. Write U. & J. Carburetor Co., 505J West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago. ARTICLE: costs 2¢,' selis 10c, sample 5c. Manufacturer, Bar’ Harbor, Maine. LARGE manufacturer wants agents. to sell guaranteed made-to-measure raincoats. $50. to $75 weekly. Highest Higgins, commission. Profit in advance. Outfit free. Standard Raincoat Co., 399 Broadway, New York. AGENTS, soldiers and.-sailors especially. Everybody wants a Victory Picture Frame; beautiful finished leather- ette; sells on sight; hangs .up or stands; center oval tor pho- tograph; takes postcard or cabinet size: retails $1; big prof- its and quick sales. Victory Novelty Co., 1204 Union Bank Building, Chicago, Illinois. $300.00. monthly. selling..best standard brand tires at wholesale prices to consumer. J. Simons, 2204 Michigan Avenue, Chicago. SELLS like hot cakes! starch and ironing wax. Nothing like them. Samples 10c. Avenue, Brooklyn, New York. ~ AGENTS make 500% profit handling auto monograms, new patriotic pictures, window letters, transfer flags and novelty signs. Catalog free. Hinton Company, Star City, Bigger profits! New laundry Perfumes with lasting violet. Marshall, 915 Gates WANTED: Man with auto in every section to sell our Big Six-In-One tool,. comprising .vise,. pipe vise, anvil, drill ress,cutting hardie and corundum grinder. Every farmer, anitor, private or public gardge, small shop, etc., a pros- pective buyer. Outfit weighs 90 pounds, sells for $20 with a fat profit to you. No trick to sell. Always pleases. Write Chicago Flexible Shaft Company, Dept. H. W., 5600 West 12th Street, Chicago. ; START a profitable business, manufacturing ‘‘Puffed Crisp.” Delicious Confection. Whirlwind money-maker. Machine, instructions complete $6.50. Samples 10c. Best- ever Products Company, 2426-P4 Polk Street, Chicago. MAKE $30:next Saturday. . Sell the Perrin Speederator for Ford cars. Used by Ford Motor officials. akes a Ford run like a Packard. Put on quick—no tools—no hi to bore. Instant satisfaction. Sell teh to twelve a day easy. Write quick for special offer. Address Perrin Company, 975 Woodward Avenue, Detroit, Michigan. AGENTS: Sell attractive pictures’ bathing girls, art . Samples 10c; refund if dissatisfied, Roseleaf ub, St. Louis, Missouri. LYNER tyres—inner reinforcement for automobile tires, Double mileage; prevents punctures and blowolts. Every automobilist buys four. Big profits. No capital Necessary. Write for sales-guarantee proposition. Pel- letier and Company, Box 322, Cincinnati, Ohio. " HELP WANTED HOMEWORKERS on small scale, manufacturers on large scale wanted to make toy soldiers, army, navy, can- nons. Machine guns and other toys. Greatest chance for industrious-people for independent business. Enormous demand and future in ‘‘American-Made Toys.” This new American industry stands out conspicuously. Factories are established, people trained, machinery made. Dealers refuse to handle others, only ‘‘American-Made Toys.’ Our new line in religious designs is a tremendous success. Mil- lions needed for this year. We buy these goods all year, paying fixed prices. Experience or tools not necessary. ‘undred and more made complete per hour. Casting form outfits from $3.00 up. Booklet and information free. poy Soldier Manuiacturing Company, 32 Union Square, rk. MEN wanted. Become motor experts. $35.00 week. Sample lessons free. Franklin Institute, Dept: C 803. Rochester, New York. THE way to get a government job is through the Wash- ington Civil Service School. We prepare you and you get a tion or we guarantee to refund your Money. Write to Hopkins, president, Washington, D. C., for book RJ 2027, telling about Government positions with lifetime employment, short hours, sure pay, regular vacations. FIREMEN, brakemen. $150-$200 monthly, all ra‘lroads, experience unnecessary, must study easy necessary instruc- tion; send stamp. Railway Association, Dept. A, Brook- FREE oil manual, a handbook for oil investors and a well of information for the prospective buyer. A priceless boon to stock salesmen. ‘Write today for it. Address = Great Western Company, Dept. E,- Livingston, Mon- GOING to advertise? Success or fallure depends upon your knowledge of the business. - Get started. right. Com- petent advice gladly given by one who knows. - Douglas Wakefield Coutlee, 227 West 39th Street, New York. WANTED: Men and women, possessing good educa- tion, and able to transact business with professional men in own locality. Write for particulars. Manch Laborato- ries, 1777 Broadway, New York. YOUR iy ot yet Used correspondence courses bought and sold. ollars saved. Write- now. Enclose stamp. MaeMichael Educational Bureau, Dept. 48, Victor, New YOU can earn your way and learn the new profession —chiropractic. Practitioners earning $3000.00 a year and upwards. Easy to learn. Send for our plan of courses. Howard Systeth;'333 South Dearborn Street, Coieasd= ; LEARN to color photographs and Kodak views. with genuine oil paints. New method; profitable business; éasily sith amekir. learned by mail. .Du Land Walton, Prairie » Illinois. ins INSYDE tyres, inner armor for automobile tires, double mileage and preven. punctures. and blowouts’ Quickly applied. Cost-little.. Demand tremendous... Profits unlim- ited. Details free. American Automobile Accessories,Co.. Dept. 97B, Cintinnati, Ohio. RIDLEY, 68A Clifton Place, Jersey City, will design you a “Dandy” letterhead or trademark- for $1.00. m ii ‘ GAMES AND ENTERTAINMENT nok NEW Patriotic Plays, Recitations, Entertainments for war-time Benefits.- - Vaudeville’ Sketches, “Monologues, Drills, ‘Fableaux, Make-Up Goods: “Large Catalog Free, T. 8. Denison & Co., Dept. 26, Chicago. ~’ os . TRICKS and Greenbacks. Big ic catalog: 5e, ° Twenty greenbacks—10c. Gilmagico, 11135 South Irving, Chicago. + . 1,000 stage tricks with 500 illustrations. “Catalogue 10c., small catalogue free. Hornmann Magic Co.; Sta. 17, 470 Eighth Avenue, New York, : e i TRICKS, Puzzles, Jokes, Toys, Games, Novelties, Doils and Cane Racks, Plays, Wigs, Stage — Escapes and Illusions. Large:19{8 Catalog Free. Oaks Magical Com- pany, Dept. 535, Oshkosh, Wisconsin. . : SCENERY for hire. Professional and amateur produc- lyn, New York. tions. Amelia Grain, Philadelphia. BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES STAMPS AND COINS ENTER a new business. Earn $3,000 to $6,000 yearly OLD Coins. Large Spring Coin Catalogue of coins for in professional fees making and fitting a food specialty, sale free. Catalogue quoting oleae paid for coins, ten openings everywhere with all the trade you can attend to; | Cents. William Hesslein, 101 Tremont Street, Dep't P. easily learned by anyone at home in a few weeks, at small expense; no further eapital required; no goods to buy; job hunting, soliciting or agency. Address Stephenson Labora- tory, 15 Back Bay, Boston, Massachusetts. EXPERT Chemist will furnish Formula and Trade Secrets in all lines. Lists free. W. L. Cummings, Ph.D., 217 Standard St., Syracuse, N. Y. Boston, Massachusetts. FREE, 60 different stamps including Newfoundland, China, Japan, Mexico, etc., to applicants for our high grade approvals. Send 3c stamp for return postage. The Edge- wood Stamp Company, Dept. M., Milford, Conn., Stamps, 61 All Different, 3 cents. Mention paper. Quaker Stamp Co., Toledo, Ohio. WHY sell perfume and toilet goods for others? Make your own! Particulars. Laboratory, Box 81316, Memphis, Tennessee. CHORALEON Phonographs. Special agency proposition selling from your home. No soliciting or canyassing. Big profits. Write for home agent’s special offer and convincing proof. We also supply complete material for building phonographs at home. Choraleon Phonograph Company, 2304 Monger Building, Elkhart, Indiana. $2 to $600 paid for hundreds of old coins dated before 1895. Send 10 cents at once for new illustrated coin value book. Size 4x7. It may mean your,fortune. Clarke & Co., Coin Dealers, Box 76 LeRoy, N. Y. PACKET “A” 100 varieties foreign stamps, 20c. Pope, Charlotte, Vermont. 17 Varieties Hayti Stamps 20c. List of 7000 varieties, lov7 priced stamps free. Chambers Stamp Co., 111C, Nassa1 St., New York City. F. J. AMBITIOUS men! Start an independent business. You can make $4000 to $5000 and more annually, buying up old gold, silver, platinum, false teeth, etc. I teach you the business free. Small capital required. Write the Har- rison Method, 104 Saylor Byles. Pittsburgh, Penn- sylvania. SOUVENIRS, novelties: How ‘to make and where to sell. Book and one nevelty only 30¢. O. Twitchell, West Milan, New Hampshire. ’ os BRANCH Manager wanted for old established Chicago concern We furnish full stock of g , advertising matter, and equip store completely, in good ‘location, all at our ex- pense and .pay you 4$0.00 a week salary, in addition to lib- eral share of the profits your store earns. Work can be started in spare time. No investment or previous experi- ence necessary to secure this position. If you are a hustler and want’an opportunity to make $5,000 to $15,000 a year we want you and will pay you well from the start. Send me your application today. .S. Levy, Manager, Department 657, Como Building, Chieago, Illinois. WANTED—Every ambitious ‘man or woman to learn show card writing. Enormous demand. _ Big profits. Wages while learning. Particulars free. J. D. Schoolfield, Greensboro, North Carolina. MAKE Die-Castings. Sketch, Sample, Booklet and proposition 12c.: R. Byrd; Box 227, Erie, Pennsylvania. I MADE $30 a week,. easy money, evenings, home. Free oa explains. .Send stamp. Al Scott, Cohoes, New ork. ; YOUR idea wanted. Patent your invention. I'll help you market it. Send for 4 free books, list of patent buyers, hundreds of ideas wanted, etc. Advice free. Patents ad- vertised free. Richard B. Owen, Patent Lawyer, 44 Owen’ Bldg., Washington, D. C., or 2276Z Woolworth Bldg.,; New York. BE a detective. Excellent opportunity, good pay, cheat Write C. T. Ludwig, 424 Westover Bldg.; Kansas ‘ity, Mo. ‘ ‘ DOLLARS Yearly in your backyard... No ginseng, mushroom dope. New ideas. Investigate. Particulars free. C. Metz,.313 East 89th, New York. DOLLAR addressed UmakeM. Eleven UmakeM Build- ing, Fifth Avenue, New York, brings designs, tools and materials for starting UmakeM business at home. FREE—3 Months to get acquainted; devoted to news and opportunity. The Western Miner, 2541 W. 37th Ave., Denver, Colorado. y BUY and exploit practical inventions. Trade for prop- erty. Form companies. Sell county rights. Adam Fisher Mfg. Co., 183D, St. Louis, Missouri. * wanted; 50%. CALIFORNIA gold, quarter sige, 27¢; $% size, 53c; dollar size, $1.10. U.S. Three-cent ‘piece and catalogue 10c. Norman Shultz, King City, Missouri. STAMPS, 50 Varieties, Transvaak, Brazil, Peru, Cuba, Mexico, ete., and Album, 10c. 1,000 mixed, 40c. 60 dif- ferent -U. S., 25c. r nges, 10c. List free. I buy stamps. C. Stegman, 5949 Cote Brilliante, St. Louis, Missouri. : STAMPS _ 50 different Belgium (large re? China, Jamaica, Portugal, Venezuela, ete., 10c; 1, well mixed, 40c; 100 varieties U. S., 50c;.1,000 hinges, 10¢c; Agents List free. I buy stamps. L. B. Dover, Overland, Missouri. . 105, China,eetc., Stamp Dictionary, list 2c. Album, 500 illustrations, 3c. Bullard, Station AA, Boston. ~ STAMPS—12 different from warring nations, 10¢c; 10 different tem coins, 15c; 10 Uruguay stamps for 10c, Lists free. Toledo Stamp Co., Toledo, Ohio. STAMPS. Set of 10 Différent, -scarcé, ihcluding War Issues, Mexico, Salvador: officials complete, le, Argen- tine, Venezuela, etc, FREE to every collector sending 5e for, postage, etc., for large 120-p. price lists and approval selec- tions at from 60% to 75% dise’t. Hussman Stamp Co., Dept. 55, St. Louis, Missouri. ‘ : FREE—Packet Valuable Stamps to Applicants; »50% approvals. Benj. Forbes, 160: Devilliers, Pittsburgh, Pefin- sylvania. “OLD coins wanted. 24-page buying catalog, 5 cents. A. Kraus, 249 Kraus Building, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. TWENTY Hawaii. Mexico, China, Trinidad, etc., 25c. Multnomah Stamp Company, Portland, Oregon. ~ BOOKS AND PERIODICAIS CONCORDIA Magazine contains original essays, for- mulas and mail order plans. Sample copy, 15 cents. Con- cordia Magazine, York, Pennsylvania. BACK numbers of magazines bought and sold. Wilson Company, 962 University Avenue, New York City. INSTRUCTION Book (for shop use) on Vulcanizing Auto-Tires, $1. Tire Equipment Company, 368 8th Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. a! PROSTATOLOGY is our free booklet on prostate gland disorders, see our ad under ‘“‘For Men and Women.” The Electrothermal Company, 1006 Colt Building, Steuben- ville, Ohio. USED Books. Bargains. Catalog. Higenes, K-2441 Post. San Francisco. (Books Bought.) BOOKS for real live people. Lists free. J. P. Sheridan, 417 East 151st Street, New York. SILVERING Mirrors—Exclusive Tartaric method opens enormously profitable business. Booklet free. P. Barstow, 514 23rd Street, Oakland, California. “NATURE Book’—facts every married and engaged person should know; 35c. Central Company, 589 Ninth Avenue, New York. PROSTATOLOGY is our free booklet on prostate gland disorders, see our ad under ‘For Men and Women.” The Electrothermal’ Company, 1006 Colt Building, Steu- benville, Ohio. AGENTS wanted to sell chewing gum ball vending ma- chines. 59W Drexel Building, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, ADVERTISE —20 words in 59 monthliies $1. 100 week- lies $2.50; 20 big dailies $5. Cope Agency, St. Lots, Missouri. 123 109,000 used books for sale; 25c up; catalogs lve; Book House, 1061 West Van Buren, (Chicago. SPIRIT phenomenon—Whence? Biblical secret. Hun- dred pages. Ten cents. Locates hoodo. Greig, Educator, Parker, South Dakota. GOING to advertise? Success or failure depends upon your knowledge of the business. Get started right. Com- petent advice giadly given by the one who knows. Douglas Wakefield Coutlee, 227 West 39th Street, New York.

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{AMONDS.:. WATCHES Soraanorass Catalog a gee oe lescribes all stand- - ard pi gy Be oo" Watches— solid gold and gold filled guaranteed Watches area votes on tow on $2.50 a Month Special Bargains ae ou -Diamond Solitaire eats aee7e up ings - - Sup rooches - 7 up Sar Screws 25 up Studs - - 10 up iamond Cuff Links +4 rist Watches - - 20u , atehes, Gold Filled 15 up WE HAVE BEEN IN BUSINESS OVER 60 YEARS Dept. M B72. cide,N, State St BROS & CO. i338 STORES iN LEADING CITIES Only $190 Keep New Wifleon| Amberole~Edison® phonograp with diamond stylus—and your choice « recoras, for oy teil in yout 3 at So ye Oy cents a da: othing” down, loday for our New Edison and pictures, free. _ K. BABSON, Edison Phonograph Dist.1204Edison Blk.Chicago BUCHSTEIN’S FIBRE LIMB is soothing to your stump,— strong, cool, neat, light. , Easy payments. Guaranteed 5 Years Send for Catalog Today P. BUCHSTEIN CO., 113 6th St. S., MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. “BOW LEGS and KNOCK-KNEES” UNSIGHTLY y SEND FOR BOOKLET SHOWING PHOTOS OF MEN WITH AND WITHOUT The Perfect Leg Forms PERFECT SALES CO., 140 W. Mayfield Ave., Dept.'45pChicago, Ill. CLEARTONE PHONOGRAPHS Pe — $4.00 to $200.00 Retail Our Sundry Dept. offers Needles 45c. per th d in lots of 500,000. Motors $1.35 to $14.75 each, Tone } Arms and Reproducers $1.30 to $5.75 per set, Main a Springs 20c.to 90c, each. Records, Needles, Sap- phire Points and Parts at reasonable prices. Write for our 84 page catalogue, the only one of its kind in America, illustrating 33 different styles of Talking Machines and over 500 different Phono- graphic Parts. LUCKY 13 PHONOGRAPH COMPANY Export Dept. -46G, E. 12th St., N.¥., U.S.A. THE BOY ELECTRICIAN Practical Plans of Electrical ay for Work and Play with an Explanation of the Principles of Every-day Electricity. $2.00 Postpaid. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY, «225 W. 39th St., New York | How to Construct a Model | Dirigible — HE model herein described is a dirigible of the cylindrical type, having semi-spherical ends. The ma- terial used to construct the envelope is varnished silk. Its length is 6 ft. and its diameter 114 ft. The silk should be coated with a thin varnish on the inte- rior and exterior surfaces to increase its 'gas-holding property. The constructional details of the cylindrical part of the envelope should present no special difficulty. It i¢ best to build the cylindrical portion of this model upon light cardboard. Of course, it is essential at all times to make allowances for overlapping when cutting up the silk, both on the cyl- inder and the strips making up the ends. The semi-spherical ends may be readily constructed by those famil- iar with the development of curved -NVELOPE FOR GAS 6'X 1/2" ALUMINUM GUIDE GUY WIRE —-—- PROPELLER OR THREAD NACELLE— A practical model dirigible for ex- perimental and mechanical purposes g surfaces. For amateurs unfamiliar with pattern-drafting, the following solution is offered. The radius of the envelope being 9in. and the plan being to employ six strips to an end, we get the max- imum circumference equal to approx- imately 56.7 inches. Dividing the circumference into six parts, we get the base, AB, of each strip. These measurements are laid out to scale on pasteboard. Dividing the circum- ference by two, we are enabled to get the height, CD, of each strip. ‘The height is divided into nine equal parts, as shown in the figure, and lines drawn parallel to the base. The actual length of the lines may be readily ascertained by multiplying the deci- mals in. the figure by the length of the base. Twelve similar strips, with allowances made for joining, are cut from the silk, using the paste- board strip asa pattern. The envelope being completed and permitted to dry thoroughly, it is inflated with an air- pump to ascertain whether any leaks exist. Assuming that it is intended to inflate the model with hydrogen, which has a lifting capacity about twice as great as coal-gas, it is advisable tO procure a tank of the gas under 124 ‘current motors,” Popular Science M a “The Construction of Small Alternating Current Motors” By A. E. Watson, E. E., Professor of Electrical Engineering in Brown University, Providence, R. I. This book contains complete in- structions for building small alternat- ing current motors in several sizes. The designs will be found to be in _ harmony with those of the very best manufacturers. Important Information for Electricians Some of the subjects taken up are- ‘“* Characteristic features of alternating “Construction of a one-half horse-power, single-phase induction motor,” ‘‘Construction of a ong-kilowatt, two-phase or three-phase alternating current generator or a one horse - power synchronous motor,” “Procedure in testing and using an alternating current generator or syn- chronous motor,” ‘‘ Construction of a one-half horse-power single-phase com- pensated series motor.” Clear, concise directions and careful drawings are features of this book. 79 Pages, 47 Illustrations. Price, *1:° BOOK DEPARTMENT Popular Science Monthly 225 West 39th Street, New York Gity rs

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rrent | 'rofessor of Brown aa nplete in- | alternat- eral sizes. to be in — very best ation t-] en up are- ternating uction of ngle-phase ction of a hree-phase or or a one / motor,” | using an or or syn- iction of a »hase com- ind careful this book. | ' [ENT Monthly treet, -e GET OUR fc 800K lant. : : Wholesale Catalog it has many OS RA AIRE . April, 1919 /2SAVED EL Wg | #! DO%33 PLUMBING & HEATING eos for our big instructive 256 — well- bound Handy -Man Book-.Catalog. Every. Home Owner, Contractor, Electrician, Farmer, Factory Manager, etc., needs-it. Shows over 10,000 Fixtures and Supplies in plumb- ing and heating ‘at wholesale. § Shows,, how to save skilled . jim labor, hard work and unneces- sary material by, , ee Our New Cut-to-Fit Method This wonderful book helps you. | select’ and install the proper- Plumbing; Water Supply Sys-.. tem, Hot Air, Water or Steam Besides being our practical plans, diagrams, sket ches, elevations, etc., showing how to do the work this newer, cut-to- fit way. Any handy man with a few tools can easily do -his own installing with the aid of this New Handy-Man Book We have spared no effort and have gone to a great expense _ to compile this valuable book. With economy still a neces- sity, it would be unpatriotic to send this expensive book broadcast to non-~interested parties. Therefore, werequest a temporary deposit for each copy of 25c which ‘we refund on first order, or we send our Bargain Bulletin FREE. Addrets Today . Hardin-Lavin Company . 40 years at 4526-36A Cottage Grove Avenue go $500;000.00 plants behind our guarantee ri, 4 } if | a ' ht Phy iy "my a Z L-] =s a g e | .. se Trou e Free Trial Offer You can cut your own hair just as_easy as brushing it, with the Cowan Master Barber Hair Cutter. Marvelous new invention does away with tiresome waits in the barber shop. Gives you a perfect hair cut right in your own shadow of a doubt that youcan cut your own hair as well as any barber can cutit. A finished hair cut just as you want it, in fifteen minutes. time, any place, it’s always ready for use, COWAN Master Barber HAIR CUTTER is scientificaily correct. Made so any one can use it properly and get a good hair cut on first trial. Hair is evenly tapered. Won’t shave nor split hairs, each hair cut off squarely. Adjustable for use as safety |razor. Comes packed in an attractive and convenient leatherette-covered metal case. Blades of finest Sweedish steel, especially tempered and ground. The Cowan Hair Cutter is made of the best materials and will lastalife time. It soon pays for itself. Send no money! Just your name and address on a postal for our free trial offer. You take no risk and as- sume no obligation. Send TODAY. The Cowan Hair Cutter Co. Kansas City, Mo. 13 Agents wanted Bost Voluable Techuo-Chemtcad Recipe Book : Twentieth Century Book of Ipes, Formulas and Processes Edited by GARDNER D. HISCOX, M. E. Cloth, price Postpaid $3.00; half morocco, $4.00. Popular Science Monthly, 225 W. 39th St., New York pressure. - The metallic tank is return- able, and the cost of the gas very small. If coal-gas is used, it may be necessary to obtain a small force- .pump to get sufficient pressure. A small valve should be inserted at one extremity of the envelope for purposes of inflation. In a dirigible of this size a high rate of speed is impossible, and for ordinary purposes undesirable. As shown in. the accompanying illustration, the motor consists of two twisted rubber skeins fastened to a spruce nacelle. The nacelle, which should combine lightness with strength, is made from spruce, although other woods may be substituted. The na- celle is slotted throughout its entire length, as shown, to reduce its weight without unduly decreasing its strength. The thin guy-wires or threads should be strung as shown to afford the most efficient means of propulsion. The propellers may be fashioned from light wood or metal. . They must . be. arranged one in front and one | _behind, both being securely fastened to the nacelle by a pair of aluminum guides. Since the actual speed of the dirigible has nothing to do with the model sustaining itself in air, the pro- pellérs should be large, though light, and should revolve slowly. It is sug- gested that they be constructed of thin steel wire and varnished silk to secure maximum lightness. They must be of opposite pitch, and of the same weight and size. The bead bearings should be frequently oiled to reduce friction. As is the case when air resistance must be taken into account, all of the parts must be neatly and smoothly finished to give the most satisfactory results. HERMAN NEUHAUS. One Way of Taming That Unwieldy Hose-Pipe |] ‘HE storing of hose in shops to be used in emergency, presents a prob- lem to the tool- room man, Owe ing to its shape and bulk., In order to pro- vide a suitable storage place a rack, made as shown in the illustration is useful. The rack does not occupy much space and it ob- viates the old method of throwing the hose into a cor- ner. Each hose is provided witha strap. The hose is coiled before it is taken to the store-room, and strapped, this method making it an easy matter for the tool-room keeper CEILING OR OTHER SUPPORT exis IRON ) RIVETS STRAP con. OF HOSE For hanging hose-pipe overhead, this rack saves much floor space a to handle it.—J. R. MINTER. 125 : “ai * : : _ Shipped Gn Approval . § without one cent in advance ™ - tx Nip atm ys "Or, % Here’s the sen-. | sation of the bi+ } cycle world. You *¥ never saw-.such \\ graceful lines, such \ fascinating color \ combinations,such.mag- \ nificent steel construc- tion. Sold under an abso- lute Five-Year Guarantee. And just think! The Black Beauty has 18 Exclusive Features —including Firestone Blue Non-Skid Tires; exclusive notched finger grips} distinctive “B-B” sprocket; steel nickeled chain; motorbike saddle, pedals and_ braced handlebar; etc.—well, just. send TODAY for our ' Bicycle., Catalog— FREE—and read all about the marvelous Black Beauty. 20 styles! Choose any one. : Repair Kit, Tool Case and StaridFree Don’t- buy an ordinary -wheel, when you can get the.Black Beauty. And for less’, money! Wholesale price; factory direci— no middlemen’s profit. See the wheel be- fore paying a cent. We ship at our own risk. WE PAY ALL FREIGHT. Keep it, LO, 4 SAYS” @) 4 or return at .our. expense, Months to pay—only 4 small | BE OUR deposit on acceptance, then AGENT $1 a week (or $5 a month). U Six months’ accident insur- | WRITE ance free. SUNDRIES Don’t buy tires, lamps. horns, saddles, parts, supplies. etc., . until you see our factory prices. ositively the lowest in the country. Write for Sundries Catalog. HAVERFORD CYCLE CO. (Established 23 years) Dept. G-58 Philadelphia, Pa. Ew ors HN (ola 4

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— EARN $35 TO $100 PER WEEK _- As a Mechanical Draftsman Thousands of Men Wanted You can learn Mechanical Drawing at home in your spare time through our practical Home Study Course and qualify for Big Pay. We have placed hundreds of our students in good pay- ing positions. Government depart- ments and private concerns are con- tinually calling upon us for our grad- uates. Become a Chief Draftsman and get to the very top in this well-established = tapidly growing profession. The train- given by the Columbia School of Drafting wilt give you just the knowledge you need to make good as a Chief Draftsman. No revious training is necessary. You can begin our course now and make rapid progress from the start under the Personal Instruction of the President of the School, Mr. Claflin, by mail. His carefully prepared lessons and personal letters of advice make each step easy and interesting. Draftsmen Now Getting $35 to $100 a Week with big chances for better pay as the demand grows. All big engineering, construction and manufacturing projects must first go through ‘the drafting room before the workmen can commence. All such enterprises depend upon large numbers of draftsmen. advancing steadily. Drawing Outfit Free With Our Course As soon as you enroll you will be sent our drawing outfit for your own use throughout the course. This entire outfit will be yours to keep. You are not obliged to return it after completing the course. Not Only. a Correspondence School The Columbia School of Drafting is proba- bly the largest residence school in the country, specializing in the training of professional Draftsmen. Our Home Study Courses are an extension of the same instruction as given locally. Illustrated Catalog FREE Simply fill in the coupon below, return it to us and we will send you free a copy of our illustrated catalog which tells all about our practical Home Study Course and how you may secure our instructions at once on easy terms so as to quickly qualify for one of the big positions open. Send This Coupon Today COLUMBIA SCHOOL OF DRAFTING. . Dept. 981, 14th and T Sts., Washington, D.C. Without obligation to me, please send me your II- lustrated Catalog and tell how I may secure your prac- tical training in Drafting and your help in securing a position as Draftsman. Salaries are | |A Band- Saw Faking: Bench for Wood- Wor. Made from material found about the shop, it - is easily constructed and inexpensive to build HE band-saw filing device de- scribed here may be built from material usually found in most wood- working establishments. Its superior- ity over others of similar types lies in .the length of the vise jaws, which per- mit the saw to be filed with fewer stops for changes than would be possible with a shorter vise, and the ease with which a suitable tension may be maintained upon a saw that is being filed or that is moved to bring another part of the blade into the vise. A stout bench, not more than 3 ft. high, with a top at least 134-in. thick, should be built; if the top is 2 ft. wide and 10 ft. long it will be ample for the filing of any band-saws commonly -used: The jaws of the vise should be 4 ft. long, or more if there is no likeli- 4 + Popular Science Mondy This will allow for the spring of the wood in setting the jaws together with a saw between them. The %-in. setting-up bolts, E, should now be put in and their heady sunk flush with the back side of the -rigid jaw. The hole in this jaw, through which the bolt’ passes, should fit the bolt closely, but the hole in the swinging jaw should be )% in., which will allow play enough to permit a saw to be put in place. The bolts should be — put in, a washer and lever or thumb- nut put on, the jaws forced together, and their upper “es jointed until they coincide. Both jaws should now be removed and rabbeted to receive a piece of iron or steel about 3/16 in. thick and 114-in. wide upon the inside of each hood of a saw being so short that a longer jaw would be a disadvantage. Extraordinary Firmness of the Vise The jaws should be made of hard wood—seasoned maple preferably. The back jaw, A, should be 214 by 43% in. and the front jaw B, 11% by 434-in. The face of the back jaw should be planed perfectly straight, while the front jaw should be slightly convex; so that when the two jaws are placed together the middles will touch when the ends are open 1 in. or less. If the variation is made upon a true curve it will insure a perfect grip of the vise upon the saw. The tops of both jaws should be beveled about 30°, as indicated. -It may seem that the size of the jaws As exaggerated, but one who has been accustomed to a vise of half the length, which yields or vibrates from the pressure of the file, will be pleased with the firmness of this vise. The back or rigid jaw should be bolted to the bench-top by 3% in. bolts, as shown at C of section A. The front or swinging jaw should be hung with hinges at D, so that the lower edge will be open about 3/16 in. when the upper’ edge is in perfect contact. 196 A bench of this sort will be found invaluable in the wood-working shop jaw, as indicated at F of the section A. Each should be flush with the face of its jaw, and‘*project about l4-in. above the beveled top, to allow for straightening and for the wear of filing. The irons should be fastened in their places by flat-headed screws counter-sunk flush. A number of 3%-in holes may be bored at G to re- ceive stiff spiral springs to force the jaws open when the lever nuts have been loosened to release the saw. Placing the Jaws Permanently The jaws should now be put in their places permanently. The vises should be closed, and the edges of the pieces of iron, F, be filed straight and made ~ to coincide perfectly, and of practi- cally the same bevel as the tops of the jaws, though projecting a little above ‘ them. The-runs H, the travelers K, and the head-blocks J should be fastened with screws to the bench-top, with | their common center line 10 in. from the line of the face of the rigid jaw, which should be flush with the edge of the bench. The travelers and the — head-blocks must run easily, but not loosely, and the latter may be fastened rigidly by means of holes through them

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— Fe Re a | incide with others bored in the Gai, as indicated at M, through which pins or bolts, N, may be a in-blocks O should be fastened with screws and glue upon the head- plock, and the screw-block P fastened of the the same method upon the travelers. “ " , The screws and screw-blocks may be its E made from the screw-jaw of a hand- r heads screw if a tap and die are not avail- | a ble. RiP. . It may be necessary to chamfer the shold inside edges of the runs to permit ok thes the turning of the screw without bruis- which ing the knuckles. A -in. dowel-pin ‘. e at R may be bored into the handle of ‘ould te A each screw, passed through the pin- this: plock, and held in place by a pin or | the split key at S, which will connect the | ‘i ai head-block and follower so they can ~ ae be moved simultaneously in either -emoved direction... i iS pias Sa Regulating Tension of Band-Saw of each When the head-blocks are held firmly by bolts N, the turning of the screws 7 will move the wheels U endways of the bench, and govern the tension of the band-saw being filed. The wheels are each made of two circles, one 134 in. thick and 20 in. in diameter, and the other 7 in. thick and 22 in. in diameter. These are placed as indicated, with the grain ~ serews. A hole 1 in. in diameter is bored in the center..of each wheel to fit over the pin, V, which should be made of hard wood (maple-or hickory), and fast- ened to the follower about 8 in. from ‘the end by a 3¢-in. bolt at W, which extends from the bottom of the fol- e section lower lengthwise of the pin, and is with the tightened at the top of the latter by ct about anut. If the washer X is removed, to allow the wheel may be lowered the thick- the wear ness~of the washer which will’ permit ‘fastened - a Wider saw to be placed upon ‘the d screws wheels. mber of % G to re Depth-Gage Must Be Accurate force the ts uts have. The depth-gage BX, which governs saw. -the projection of the teeth above the edge of the jaws, may be made from ntly a piece of 14-in. iron in which slots f f are drilled and filed as indicated. it in their By means of these the gage may move eS should up or down, its position being con- | she pieces trolled by a round-headed screw at and made § Y.° The bottom slot should “move of practi- freely over the shank of a convenient- ops of the sized spike under its head, or an iron tle above a Pin which has been cut to a suitable j length and driven into each end of the s K, and — back jaw of the vise at Z to keep the > fastened gage upright. top, with _ 4 The gage may be adjusted to keep ) in. from 9 the band-saw at just the right height rigid jaw, § in the vise jaws, by the screw Y, and the § Setting it up to hold the gage in place. It the pin V and the edges of the Tuas H are waxed occasional! “he ection will be reduced to a mini- mum.—CHARLES A. KING. , but not e fastened crossed, and fastened together with | The Field ek ae of Dishonor HE had boots and the manners of a gentleman. ‘But it was serious business for him. He faced death, prison, disgrace. -a story sos never seen a highwayman before. This one had on army officer’s She laughed and told him so. It is tartling -and curious with its tangle of romance and adventure— with its daring, thrilling climax—that it could only be told by that maker of romance— ° RICHARD D AVIS | HARDING Whether it be the blinding heat of an African desert—a lonesome island in the Pacific—or the deep mystery of a London fog—Davis always had a breathless story to tell. He knew that Romance was not dead. No man ever knew so many different kinds of people. No man ever visited so many strange lands or saw so many wars in so many different places. Theodore Roosevelt said: “His heart flamed against -cruelty’“ahd’‘in- justice. His writings form a text-book of Americanism which all our people would do well to read at the present time.”’ FREE America in the War S VOLUMES that tell the whole story of our glorious part in the World War-—of how America turned the tide and brought to the Allies a noble victory and the greatest. peace the world has ever known. WHY WE WENT TO? WAR, by Christian Gauss HOW WE WENT TO WAR, by Nelson Lloyd THE VANGUARD OF AMERICAN VOLUNTEERS, by Edwin W. Morse OUR ARMY AT THE FRONT, by Heywood Broun OUR NAVY IN THE WAR, by Lawrence Perry ‘ You can find out in these five splendid volumes—not vaguely / aad in a general way, but fully, completely, definitely the whole story of our glorious achievements in the war—a story no 7 patriotic American can afford to be without. Chas. : Scribner’s Sons, © ¢ Don’t Miss this Low Price 7 597 Fifth Avenue, , New York There ‘are only a few days left at this low price. On April 7 7th, the price goes up. And this is why: We have to pay so 7 cele cet Takeo’ repaid. much for paper, for binding—even for ink, that we had to do Davi volumes. Also one of two things— make poorer books or raise the price. EREE te pat ot The first will not do; sothe price must go up. But you 7 If these books are not satisfactory i can still have the low price if you are prompt. will return both sets within 19 daze, a& All coupons post-marked on or before midnight of April 7th get the present low price. Don’t wait and miss this 4 v4 , your expense. Otherwise I willsend A 50c at once and $1 a month for 17 months. chance. Mal your coupou for » complete set tor as Memevidsisits arm are CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS yates 597 Fifth Avenue, New York 127 4 Cocupathow.s ives. voakcenes

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“kyon & Healy, 55-74 Jackson Blvd., Chicago have checked herewith: © RS ER rhea a a, ae Your Favorite Musical Instrument - own the one of your choice. _ mark on the convenient Request will ee: || \'\ ee iL: _ BEEREEREEREREEEE -SBBEBEE ~ Send me without charge or slightest obligation a cata- (] Cornet L] Irish Harp of purchase plan, etc., on instrument I C] Violin oO Banj © 4 Own and Play: It's a pleasure you shouldn't forego Lyon & Healy, makers of world- standard musical instruments for over half a century, would like to tell how easy it is to play and to Send For All Details Handy Request Below Your name, address and a little check- bring, free, the information you want. Send it to music headquarters today. Stores Sell aiRtstruments ped Knowh in Music 55-74 Jackson Boulevard CHICAGO L] Saxophone ([] Ukulele ] Mandolin (_] Trombone (] Guitar [] French Horn ig SAVE 25% to 60% on slightly used GRAFLEX-KOD AKS Cameras and Lenses of every description. Equal tonew. Save money. ite now for Free Ba im Book and Catalog listing hundr: of money-saving bargains in slightly used and new cameras and supplies. sold on 10 days’ Free Trial. Money dealing Sih oe. We tune heen tn tus phate. with us. We have graphic business over 16 years. Write now. CENTRAL CAMERA CO. Dept. $4, 124 S. Wabash Ave., CHICAGO Print Your Own cards, circulars, labels, tags, menus book, paper. Press $6. arr $20. Job Press $8 up. CUTS EXPENSES IN HALF. i mae» SMALL OUTLAY. Pays for itself in short time. Will last ey foryears. Easy to use, printed rules sent. Print for others, BIG PROFIT. Write factory TODAY for press catalog, TYPE, cards, paper. THE PRESS CO., D-33, Meriden, Conn. You men who have been left at ‘who are the burdens left behind by others. Oldham isa li aw exes | tires in use every day—p e tires fixed. ppave ble book to send you--® about tires--it method--exp! this inside figures an of-others who are now operating H: ‘and making b' cam do. $2500 to $4000 a year is conservative. Sign of the Man and Machine’’ there is a Sign the coup d-meilit-teday, This is Richard A. Oldham \\ [ji ¥ eens we teens oo EL aa e day he fead one of my adver= % | 7 a eeeeeietess a mtg 7 fit adel : , iceerin tea canal yes YS been in 7 and One-Halt ; ad 4 as Telegraph Operator. me , time. Inner any puncrora ang Ww oy Pip YOU MEN Who seeki portunity to establish yourself permanently, do as Mr, Oldham did! He got # busy ond. cleaned oD fem the eda Why don't you? If you are sincere, earnest, determined, your entire future is secure. If a man 68 years old can make the success Oldham Que machine will give you s start. You can see business around you--everywhere there are automobi tires need repairing. You know that. Al zoo do is open.a shop--put out a Haywox owne come to » welcom rvice you bring them. If you haven’t snr foveal xp Gl coor Sees Masa hie sevens bla foe M. HAYWOOD, President Haywood Tire & Equipment Co., 794 Capitol Ave., Indianapolis, Ind. IONTI has—you can. about them-- th repaired by the ne oh Gives pat pln yp pte omen why Sy 2S Ak a a oe money. What these men have done, you M.HAYWOOD,Pres. Haywood Tire & Equip- ity awaiting you. card orletter 4 pair Pien {2 Popular Science Mon How to Lace Leather Beltg Effectively a ie a laced belt, it is important that the ends of the belt be held secure} in alignment, that the lacing quietly over thespulleys, and that the ° lace be not subjected to unnecess wear. The ends of the belt shoulg be cut squarely, of course, and the holes punched in each end should be as small as possible, and locateg exactly opposite each other; but much depends on the system of lacing that is adopted. There are two important conditions that should be met by any good sys- tem of lacing driving belts. First on the face of the belt—that ig, on [ar | —_— . oo 0 OCU ttl AO OlClClC UO OOo eet a ee ee ee ae a A Prez B Many methods are used for lacing belts; but : these are two of the most practical ones the side of the belt that runsmext t0 the pulleys—the lacing should lie =mi0Othly in the direction of the belt movéfiemt; all crossing in a diagonal direction fiust be-done on the back of the belt. See- ond, there should be thé same number of “tucks,” or piles, of the lace on the face of the belt, between each adjacent pair of holes. Occasionally mechanics adopt a ‘“‘pet’’ system of belt lacing, but there are twe well known systems that are considered very effective. The method illustrated in Fig. 1, in which @ shows the face and (b) the back of the belt, is commonly employed for nar — row belts, especially those consisting of a single thickness of hide. _A single row of holes is punched in each end of the belt, and the lace is first drawn up through a, Fig. 1 (@,. and down through b. Itisthen passed . twice through the holes c and @ through a and 6b, twice through e and f, and up through a. With a flat-bladed awl or the small blade of a pocket-knife, a transverme incision is now made at g, and the end of the belt lace secured by bemg drawn through to the back of the © belt, a small nick, or barb, being made — in the side of the lace to prevent — pulling out. The other end of the lace is brought up through }, and fastened — at h in a similar manner. In this — system there are two thicknesses of the

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tical ones xt to na OV y Lion first It. See- > number lace on pen each adopt a but there that are e method hich (@ ck of the for nar - onsisting. inched in 1e lace is ig. 1 (a), en passed gh e and

April, 1919 — lace on the face of the belt, between air of holes. me 3 method of lacing a belt shown in Fig. 2 (a) ‘and (6) should be used for belts wider than 314-in., or for double pelts consisting of two thicknesses of the hide cemented together. In this case, two rows of holes are punched as shown, and the lace is first passed down through the hole a Fig. 2 (a), and then through the various holes in the following order: 6, c, d, e, f, 9, d, é, b, C; h, a, a, jy k, l, m, n, k, l, i, ); h, a, h. After being brought up through h, the end of the lace is fastened at 0, as in the previous instance. The first end of the lace is drawn through to the back of the belt and fastened at p. In this case, there are two thicknesses of the lace on the face of the belt in each instance; but some- times the last movements from h to a and from a to h are omitted, in which case the center holes only carry one thickness of lace on the face, which, however, is unimportant in this instance.—C. J. BRICKETT. To Make a Saw-Horse Stand Level NY saw-horse or table that rests unevenly upon three legs is an- noying to a degree entirely out of proportion to the ease with which the trouble may be remedied. One method is to find out which leg of the saw-horse or table is too long, and to cut it off by guess. Perhaps this may effect a cure and perhaps not; but the simple method described here will do so with certainty.

Usually the saw-horse will be found in a wabbly condition and few know just how to make it stand solidly Turn the table or horse upside-down upon the floor, as shown in the sketch, and measure the height desired, or measure the shortest leg upon a stick held perpendicularly to the floor, as at A. Transfer the same distance to B, C, and D by holding the stick in the same position at each leg, being careful not to press down upon eicher leg when the mark is made. With a Straight-edge mark from A to B, B to C, etc., and saw to the lines thus obtained. If the work has been done with _Teasonable accuracy, and the floor is straight, the saw-horse or table will stand firmly.— CHARLES A. KING.

ence Schools!” them slip by unimproved when you can easily make them mean somuch? For 27 years men in offices, stores, shops, factories, mines, railroads— in every line of technical and com- mercial work—have been winning promotion and increased salaries through theI.C.S. Over 100,000 men and women are getting ready right now in the same way for the better jobs ahead! Your Chance is Here! No matter where you live, the I. C. S. will come to you. No matter what your handi- caps, or how small your means, we have a plan to meet your circumstances. No mat- ter how limited your previous education, the simply written, wonderfully illustrated I. C. S. textbooks make it easy to learn. No matter what career you may choose, some one of our 280 Courses will surely suit your needs. One hour a day spent with the I. C. S. will prepare you for the position you want in the work you like best. Yes, it will! Put it up to us to prove it. Mark and mail this

$©)5 AnHour! “Every hour I spent on my I. C. S. Course has been worth $95 to me! My position, my $5,000 a year income, my home, my family’s happiness—I owe it all to my spare time training with the International Correspond- _ Every mail brings letters from some of the two million I. C. S. students tell- ing of promotions or increases in salary as the rewards of spare time study. What are you doing with the hours after supper? Can you afford to let

<== —- == TEAR OUT (40 iemee ane cee cee 25 INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOLS BOX 7629, SCRANTON, PA. Explain, without obligati h I juality the position, or in the oub set, before which Sa ELECTRICAL ENGINEER SALESMANSHIP Electric Lighting and Kys. ADVERTISING Electric Wiring Window Trimmer Telegraph Engineer Show Card Writer Telephone Work Sign Painter | MEOHANIOAL ENGINEER Mechanical Draftsman ILLUSTRATING Machine Shop Practice Cartoonin Toolmaker BOOKKEEPER Gas Engine Operating Stenographer and Typist CIVIL ENGINEER Surveying and Mapping MINE FOREMAN or ENGR STATIONARY ENGINEER Marine Engineer Cert. Pub. Accountant TRAFFIC MANAGER Railway Accountant Commercial Law - GOOD ENGLISH

Ship Draftsman Teacher ARCHITECT Common School Subjects Contractor and Bailder Mathematics Architectural Draftsman CIVIL SERVICE | Concrete Builder Railway Mail Clerk Structural Engineer AUTOMOBILE OPERATING PLUMBING AND HEATING Auto Repairing Sheet Metal Worker Navigation Spanish Textile Overseer or Supt. AGRICULTURE Freneb | OHEMIST Poultry Raising §(JItaliea | Name. Present | re) Street | and No. | City. State__ Canadians may send this coupon to

, Montreal, Canada.

coupon now /

ELEC Let the I. C.S. help you. Choose the work you like best in the coupon, then mark and mail it to- jae This doesn’t obligate you in the least, and it will bring you information that will start you ona successful career. This is pew chance. Don't let it slip by Mark and mail this coupon now. 129 ig Money! There is a wonderful opportunity right now for boys who like electricity. Boys who are ambitious and will train themselves in spare time can step into positions just as soon as they are ready. Good salaries are offered to start with splendid chances for rapid promotion. For 27 years the International Correspondence Schools have been training boys for success in electricity and over 200 other subjects. They will help you prepare right at home for a position in the line of electrical work you like best—or in any other work that appeals to you. Thousands of boys, through I. C. S. training, have stepped into fine jobs, but never were opportunities so great as now. INTERNATIONAL "CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOLS ©x 7631, Scranton, Pa. Explainfully about your Course in the subject marked X:

ELECTRICAL ENGIN’R §()Telephone Wor ADVERT’S’@ ELECTRICIAN |\Mechanical Engin’g §_)BO0 KK’P’G ELECTRIO WIRING \Mechanical Draft’g Stenograp’y ELEOTRIO LIGHTING #§ Civil Engineering Wivil Service ELECTRIO RY. WORK Stationary Engin’g AUTOMOR’S ELEOTRIOAL DRAFTS'N §_)Mining Engineer’g Ship Draft'’g ELEC. MAOH. DESIGN’R F_JARCHITEOTURE OHEMISTRY TELEGRAPH EXPERT Architect’! Drafting _)Farming Name Address__ sinc

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RADIO AMATEURS Unusual Bargains because of Cancelled Government Contracts Small variable air condenser 90°, plates of alumi- num, rigid con- struction, capacity .oo05 mf. Can be used one in pri- mary and one in secondary for varying capacity. Not a cheap stamped grade of condenser, usually sold for amateur use, and which are selling for more than the price of thisone. Complete with knob, scale and $4 00 pointer, ready to mount on panel,..each | Galena crystal detector units complete. Crys- tal of guaran- ‘| teed = sensitivity : mounted inside weather proof cage. Equipped with knob and contact spring mounted on mi- carta base with binding posts. Close regulation and wide range of adjustment, vari- able pressure. Of best workmanship. Crystal detectors li- censed under patents of the Wireless Speci- alty a Com- ny_o} ° Ee, $1.80 Each a Guaranteed Galena Crystals, everything for Coils, Switches, Knobs, Resistances—lInsulating Materials, Condenser Plates and Parts, Litzen- draht and Magnet Wires, Contact Points, Head Bands. De Forest Radio Tel. & Tel. Co. 1391 Sedgwick Avenue, New York City "WAY UNDER MANU- VAS TUNERS PRICE! Genuine, visible writing Un- derwoods—rebuilt in our fac- earn one acuah no canvassing. or Offer ia ENGINES, Start Easy fn any weather Pull aoaey All sizes 144 H-P, to 22 pa 90 4 ee pron imate pow Prices = a poy fe saving Guarantee. all you Salt te tale oe about engines. Write pad —- MFG. CO. ctrawat Kane: } ES MoroRS n We have 1000 —_ ames MACHINE MOTORS. } a5 Sp manuf: Conte cee aa factory Baer “Bought | from aig Stock — Seitable for operating Arr Compressors Small Lathes. | sail $3.00 cash or Ete Moncy Onder We wh wred COD shyt . to bull examinstion A fwomey Race GuananTE 50 GUS. H.JORNSTON - West End - Pitsburg, Pa A Handy Turning Tool Set ’ for Machinists RAVERS, particularly the square gravers, are generally well known and universally used. Still there are some things about them that are not so well known, such as their correct form, proper angles, and the best and most effective way of using them. A properly used graver, round or square, will turn off a chip five or six inches long, turning cold rolled steel; but if the tool has been made without regard to angles, and is carelessly used, the metal will be removed in small, broken chips, and the finished job will be more or less irregular and rough. The round graver.is made from an old file which has been ground smooth and the end cut off at a point that will give a diameter of about 5/16 of an inch, this size proving to be the best for an all-around general tool. The 32-degree angle has been determined by experiment. When the handle of the tool is depressed about twenty- five degrees it will give the most efficient rake and still have a proper clearance. These angles give a very satisfactory cutting edge to the tool, and when the tool is in use the angles may be varied FIG2 SQUARE GRAVER | | i] ' ' \ 1 ( ' ' L For purposes of economy old files may be used to good advantage in this way by raising or lowering the handle, as the exigencies of the work require. Always remember that a very light pressure is required to make the tool cut, and that it should never be forced. The round graver is the best for roughing out work, since it will cut faster and is much more convenient than the square graver, which is better suited for finishing, and for facing, shouldering, and so forth. -Fig. 4 shows a few uses of the graver. Very little experience is necessary to make one proficient in the use of these tools and they can be used for practically any of the above-men- tioned operations successfully by the amateur, or experienced machinist as well.—J. R. MURPHY. 130 Popular Science M onthly A Good Wood Lathe for Small Work Hardwood bed; overall, 22”. Swing, Machined tail stock and it One screw head, one 3-point head. Adjustable tool rest. Weight, 20 Ibs. crated. Terms, cash with order. DEWING & PENDLETON 150 Post Street San Francisco, Cal, _ ee centers, 15’, Our INDICATING CALIPERS finely made, and of tion Acseennn tion. Accu quick adjustmentand tool. An tl hand mounted on a pinion is actuated by a geared segement; a coiled spring draws the points together; movement; used in one hand, leaves other for holding of work. Indicating CALIPERS are : we hs very wiag a re use: Chantes, Arti: risans obras men, and Amate Indicating C are made in two alipers, 2” Graduated in 100ths inches, Scale enlarges three times, Price $6.50 3” Graduated in 64th inches. le enlarges two times. Send for folder or make inquiry thru local dealer. Manufactured exclusively by the INDICATING CALIPERS CO., SO6D East 19th Street, New York “| Would Not Part with it for $10,000” So writes an enthusiastic, grateful cus- tomer. In like manner testify over 100,000 people who have worn it. Conserve your body and life first. The Natural Body Brace Overcomes WEAKNESS and ORGANIC AILMENTS of WOMEN and MEN. De- velops erect, graceful figure. Brings restful relief, comfort, ability to do things, health and strength. Wear It 30 Days Free at Our Expense Does away with the miohe and pain of peep and walking; replaces and supports misplaced internal o} reduces enlarged abdomen straightens and atrengthems = oe back; corrects stooping shoulders; develops lungs, chest and bust; relieves backache, curvatures, nervousness, ruptures, constipation. Comfortable and easy to wear. Keep Yourself Fit Write today for illustrated booklet, measurement blank, etc., and read our very liberal proposition. HOWARD C. RASH, Pres. NATURAL BODY BRACE CO., 241 Rash Building, SALINA, KANSAS KANSAS Deafness cm Perfect hearing Sy stored in every eonation of feat p ness or defective h caring ia ” causes such as Catarr! Deaf- ueced Drtne esti sal icken: ru oaring SS Hissing Gemnaee Perforated, @ Wholly or Partially Dest uw 7% Drums,Discharge from Ears, ett. ; ‘Wilson Common-Sense Ear Dromes “Litt ireless Phones the Ears’? require 10 medicine but effectively replace what is aa defective ey ae eardrums, They a e wearer easily fits into © the ears when ey areinvisible, Soft, safe and comfo Write today for our 168 page FREE book on DEAF- today you full particulars _ ee WILSON EAR DRUM CO : 787 inter-Southern Bidg. LOUIS Via LF. ay, ELECTRICITY MADE SIMPLE | A book devoid of technicalities. Simple, plain and understandable. $1.00 Postpaid. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 225 West 39th Street 2: New York

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ll Work nters, 15”, ’ head, one zht, 20 Ibs, Accurac Say iy are ted in, An indicat ga 2nd, leaves or hol of ng CALIPERS of very ies ped we mod Fo ! Amateis two ese Fem reet, New York April, 1919 Build Your Own Grandfather’ s Clock with our help = Ol ts, fin- We furnish bine Po instruc- is in g l y low wee You make a fine building artistic poke ig your friends. 5.00 Complete Wore St; prices Ask for attractive Free Offer MPANY CLOCK COM t. Philadel; Genuine Armstrong Stocks and Dies Have You a Set in Your Kit? Some of the advantages of Genuine ARM- STRONG Stocks and _ Dies: They can be adjusted to the variations in the of fittings. er oars accomplished w ith lessworkandtime. The Dies are interc hangeable in the stocks and they can besharpened without drawing the temper. Our catalog tells the rest of this interesting story; send_for it to-day. THE ARMSTRONG MFG. CO. 337 Knowlton Street - Bridgeport, Conn. wei NOT TOYS BUT REAL APPARATUS The same as used by operating companies. You had better send your order immediately to insure prompt delivery, as this equipment will not last long at these prices. -00 110-Volt Hand Generators, 3 Hh es each $3-00 5 a 6barseach 5.00 with arms, each 75 notes bells, each M. 7. each oe “ os to ach a Wail type ; Telephones dry cells, per doze ELECTRICAL SPECIALTY COMPANY Dept. S, 128 So. 11th St., Philadelphia, Pa. Dept. S, 48-50 So. Front St. , Columbus, Ohio THE BOY ELECTRICIAN. Popular Plans of Electrical Apparatus for Work and Play with an Explanation of the Principles of Every-day Electricity. $2.00 Postpaid. Popular ce Monthly, 225 W. 39th Street, New York LEARN TELEGRAPHY at home in ae possibie | . phforse MATIC. TRANSMITTER, Caniaated ith Sounder or Buzzer, sends you : medsases at any speed ge fe tee t's Govt. 6 styles. “Catalog free. OMNIGRAPH MFG. CO. 39-H Cortlandt St., New York TOOL CASES Machinists and Toolmakers Write for our booklet showing the best built and most practical selec- tion of Tool Cases on the market. We ship direct from factory and guarantee to please you or refund all money. HSerslacr ions. SO Columbia St., Daytoh, Onio House Lighting Plants iy aa 225 to $2100 ‘or Catal i electrical civalaee” AGEN NTS WAI of ED. pg nt morons Grice : Kal Ra = ey last, only “6 WATSON ELECTRIC CO. ept. 64, Gas Building, CHICAGO The New Midget Slide Rule has many exclsive features. It will add and subtract fractions d give decimal Sd oh It will also multiply , divide, solve problems a wy ony root or Dower (excepting —1) and will give Logarithms and the Sines, Tangents, osines and aoe gents of all angles. Made of me Size 3% inches. Send for free , i, Price ith cate ingtructions. A you are not GILSON SLIDE RULE CO., Niles, Mich. Here Is an Efficient Gum and Fabric Rack ERE is a gum and fabric rack that vulcanizers will find convenient and practicable. It keeps the repair stock clean, and permits several men to work at the same table without inter- As a time-saver this rack is a great help to the vulcanizing department fering with one another. The rack consists of a wooden frame, made to hold several rolls of gum and fabric, revolving on a stand fastened to the table. It can be turned in any direc- tion, to accommodate workmen at opposite ends of the table. The frame is of two-by-four lum- ber, with holes bored through the sides to hold the rolls. The rack revolves on a piece of 14-in. pipe, threaded on one end to fit a wide collar which is screwed to the center of the table. On the bottom of the rack is screwed a piece of two-inch flat iron, into which is bored a hole a trifle larger than the pipe support. This hole ex- tends into the wood to a depth of 1 in. to act as a recess for the pipe support and increase its rigidity. An- other collar is screwed to the iron to hold the pipe in place. On the end uprights of the rack may be hung knives, rollers, stitchers, scissors, etc., thus keeping the table clear of working tools and allowing more table space for repairs. The entire contrivance is so simple that any vuleanizer can construct one easily. Digging into drawers and inaccessible places about the work-bench is not only time lost but very aggravating to the vulcanizer who wants to do a job ina hurry. This device will do away with old-time methods and help put the shop that employs it on an efficient | basis. 131 WONDER Pipe, Tubing and Solid Bar Benders Ve Viton END all sizes of standard or double thick steel, wrought iron, brass and copper pipe from 14" to 6"; tubing from 4" to 7"; round, square and twisted solid stock from 4" to 144" to 3", American Pipe Bending Machine Co. Manufacturers 51 Pearl St., BOSTON, MASS., U. S. A. IG CU IN ENGINE PRICES KEROSENE — GASOLINE 2 to 30 H-P. Immediate Shipment - Saw-Kig—all atgreatly ; ; es = Best § in e— longes La eodtcaivene ot gunren Choose y terms, Noeut is quali + 4 but a big o>, ein price for ques gction, Write for new log--FREE, postpaid--ED. H. W1 a —"’ WITTE ENGINE WORKS 2227 Oakland Avenue, Kansas City, Mo. 2227 Empire Building, Pittsbu Pa. & * BATTERY CHARGING . PAYS BIG PROFITS Bigger ee this year than everin battery charging. More old cars driven. New Fords to have electrical = Get in the ring—owners of HB Chargers:are $100 to $200 Extra Profit Every Month oe ome go it with HB Chargers. This HB 7- tries harger recharges 1 to 7 auto storage batter s for 12c to l5bc each. Customer pays $1.50. Profit 63c to $1.45 per battery. "S 1 5 Fete, Le: » Money-Maker Your Garage Balence in 9 monthly ayments of $20 ach. Earni ay for machine as it runs: Write Ce particulars or send $15 at once for charger on trial. Absolute ae -back e. Yourunno risk, t delay and lose profits. Order HOBART BROTHERS COMPANY Box S4 Troy, Ohio. ASBESTOS We are miners and shippers of Crude Asbestos in any quantity. We produce all grades at our world famous BELL ASBESTOS MINES, in Canada. We also card fibres, spin yarns, weave cloths, and make all sorts of Asbestos products. For anything you want in Asbestos, turn to KEASBEY & MATTISON COMPANY Dept. S-4, AMBLER, PENNA., U.S.A. ° Pilliod TOOL CASES EXCEL Machinists and Tcol Makers find them most satisfactory in construction, appearance, Service and price. Imme- diate shipment. Booklet describing 20 styles on request. The Pilliod Lumber Co. Dept. A, Swanton, Ohio

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THE TOOLS THAT SPEAK FOR THEMSELVES It is only necessary to take a Brown & Sharpe - Tool in your hands to appreciate its quality. The sharp, clean grad- ‘uations and the fine finish speak of their quality in such a de- cided way that even though the accuracy and durability of these tools were not guaran- teed by the Brown & Sharpe trade mark you would instantly know that both were assured by the quality appear- ance of these world known tools. Brown & Sharpe Mfg. Co. PROVIDENCE, R.I., U.S.A. HE make-and-break device for running this electric engine con- sists of a pair of solenoids arranged end to end with a simple armature passing How to Make a Simple Electric Engine Popular Science Monthly — can be made which will be very ip. teresting to watch in operation. The diagrammatic illustration wij serve to make clear the construction _ to and fro from one to another and making a contact at each end of its travel. The heavy armature makes it possible to design the apparatus to make any required number of breaks A diagrammatic view of the solenoid cylinder and wiring circuit to the batteries per second or per minute. Such a reciprocating armature evidently acts like a piston of a steam engine. If then the other parts are added a toy The engine looks like the ordinary stationary steam-engine, but it runs by an electric solenoid that constitutes the cylinder of the apparatus. One of the illustra- tions is in cross-section to show the interior construction of the recipro- cating mechanism. In this view A represents a form on which are wound the two coils 1 and 2. The cover or brass tube 3 makes the cylinder in which the soft iron armature 4 slides. The line 15 represents the rod con- nected to the piston 4, and 16 represents the crank with the circuit breaker. The brush 17 connects the coil 1, and the brush 18 connects the coil 2. The power is supplied by the battery 5 and the speed of the apparatus is controlled by the resistance 7. : The illustration of the side view of the engine shows that it may be made of wood, but babbitt metal may be cast in plaster-of-Paris molds for the parts. The engine is shown in correct proportions and may be made in any size as long as the proportions are kept correct. The base is of wood which has been marked with ink to imitate concrete.—CHARLES HORTON. “Ba — se, POPVGTV Sbdotee Y Lay G D “ 5 at ° Ea 1 I FS by 1 3 PS i Co FL SFO CE PI ERCP ICFP S SESE Oo 4 OXON ' ae eee Oo ih | m cm 1!) | Hi il HU NLT LTT = Ou: ° _—_ aQ@'. | PS KZ) Gg MON =AVVOCS Ri = : > “te : LEE er ¢ 4h Wi 132 A plan view of the engine, showing the wood base, which is marked to imitate tile on a concrete foundation

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illustra- how the recipro- view A e wound cover or inder in 4 slides. ‘od con- ‘presents breaker. il 1, and 2. The ry 5 and ontrolled view of be made may be ; for the n correct e in any are kept April, 1919 Broom Handles Helped Make This Tea-Wagon OUR old broom-handles can be Y used for something else besides churn-dashers. The tea-wagon shown in the illustration was made from proom-handles and cheese-boxes, the greatest expense being for the glass for e trays. ee ite form the handles and the lengthwise supports, and the tongue of a child’s wagon form the front and the bottom crosswise support. Pieces of wood 1 in. by 11% in., dove- tailed together at the corners, made the tray support and slanting part of the handle. The front rung of a discarded rocker, was just the thing for the handle. The trays are of graduated depth and size, a cheese-box top being used to make the top tray—the largest and shallowest —and a cheese-box for the bottom tray and another cheese- box sawed down to a depth of 34 in. for the center tray. Flat pieces of wood about shingle size support the Attractive and useful, this tea-wagon is quickly made center and bottom trays. The attic yielded up the casters and wheels, and brown and tan figured cretonne was very effective under the glass. It was put together with finishing nails and screws, sandpapered and stained in light oak, and trimmed with yellow plaited raffia.—C. GILES. A Makeshift Coffee-Grinder that Most People Have F you should need to grind some coffee and do not possess a coffee- grinder, use your meat-grinder. Be sure the grinder is dry. Using the smallest cutter, or the one having holes about 4-in. in diameter, feed the coffee in slowly, and operate as usual. The offee will come out partly ground and partly cut and broken into small bits. While the meat-grinder will not grind it quite so fine as a regular coffee-grinder does, still it comes out in pieces small enough to allow proper brewing of the beverage. experienced man. Volume II 3 180 pages. ** Bound in Red Atholeather, gold title, YOU WILL WANT BOTH BOOKS These handy reference books are of exceptional value to you, whether you are an apprentice or a highly skilled mechanic. _ Both books are edited by men prominent in the machinery field—men who know exactly what is most helpful to the beginner as well as the Volume I 84 pages, good paper, handy size, 444” x7 Volume II for Practical Machinists Sequel to Volume | 180 pages of important technical data, tables relating to machine speeds, power transmission, drilling, turning and milling, materials, etc. Volume I for Machinists’ Apprentices Now in 4th Edition 184 pages of material that shows “how to do it.’” Essential to the beginner, val- uable to the experienced machinist. It deals with the layout and precise meas- urement of work. NEW YORK Ask your hardware dealer to show them to you, or write direct—50c. each. Catalog No, 21W of Starrett Tools on request. ‘. THE L. S. STARRETT COMPANY : The World’s Greatest Toolmakers Manufacturers of Hack Saws Unexcelled ATHOL, MASS. LONDON CHICAGO 42-900 One Socket ©). -“IntoTwo 4 —one for the light— and an extra one for the sweeper or any appliance. The makes electrical appliances easier to use —with or without light. At yourdealer’s 3sizsecn 93 Made only by BENJAMIN ELECTRIC MFG. CO. COMPLETE MARKING OUTFIT Just What You Need for Marking Tools NO TOOLS TOO HARD Price - $1.00 Postage = 5c. $ J. M. WATERSTON Write for Catalog 81 Woodward Ave., DETROIT, MICH. SPECIAL KON-VER-TER SLIDE RULE **Hamilton’’ Improved Slide Rule in- stantly adds, subtracts. divides, mul- tiplies, converts fractions or decimals of an inch or both. Gives sines,co-sines versed sines,co-versed sines, tangents co-tangents, secants, co-secants of \\ angles. Square root, cube root, roots to the fifth powers, logarithms, cir- cumferences, area and diameters of circles. Most complete slide rule of its kindever made. This rule is five {fj and four-tenths inches in diameter. In- structions with each rule. PLAIN 1.00 UES, $1.00. SPECIAL DE LUXE, white cellulcid $2.50, postpaid. Agents and dealers wanted P 8 Hamilton & Co., 7 Water Street it. A. Boston, Mass., U. S. A: 133 mm = ne AM = LAT AGood, All-Around Tool Bag Made of Harness Leather— Strong and Durable Combines all the good features of the various ommon leather bags. Strongly built for rough sage. Bottom is three ply and steel studded. as saw and bit holder, hand strap, and shoulder 2 strap with pad. A mighty good, all-around tool= bag. Six sizes ranging from 14x 8 inches to 24] x8 inches. Show this ad to your dealer and ask for the genuine KLEIN tool bag. If unable to get it write us. MATHIAS KLEIN & SONS, Mfrs. GANAL STA. 3, CHICAGO = = = A =

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No. 945 StanleyBit Braces Stanley Bit Braces are made in a number of different styles and sizes. A line from which the most discrimi- nating user can make a choice both as regards pattern and price. Particular attention is called to the Concealed Ratchet Type Nos. 811, 901, 921. The Ratchet Mechanism is en- tirely enclosed, which not only keeps same free from dirt and moisture, but thoroughly protects the user’s hands. The illustrations above show only a few styles. Catalogue No. 34S shows our complete line. May we send you a copy? ~All Hardware Dealers Carry Staniey Tools.. ASK TO SEE THEM STANLEY Rute & Lever Co. New Britain, Conn. U.S.A electric railways, it is customary to employ the track as a return cir- cuit. The rails, not being grounded, allow the return current to leak into the ground, and to traverse any path of low resistance it can find, such as metal water- or gas-mains, back to the generator, which is also grounded. This action is shown in the accom- panying illustration. At P, where the current enters the pipe, no harm is done; but at R, generally near the generating station, where the current leaves the pipe, there is all the action that occurs at the positive pole of an cal action is set up between the pipe and salt water, by. which action the pipe is eaten away in places, and iron particles are carried by the electric current to some outside material, which for the time being acts as a nega- tive plate. Various means and precautions have been taken to avoid this electrolytic destruction of the mains. The follow- ing are three such methods: the heavy bonding of the rails to secure a path of low resistance through them; the use of a second trolley wire return; and tapping a return line on the mains Trolley Wire Showing the points where the current enters and leaves the main, which is the place where the metal is taken away and deposited like electroplating to another electrode or through the earth electroplating bath. The main, being in more or less moist ground, is in contact with water containing salt in varying quantities, which causes it to act as an electrolyte. Consequently, as the current leaves the pipe, a chemi- to conduct back to the generator the currents they carry, without permit- ting it to flow through the water and cause electrolysis. The second method is the most efficient, but as it is also the most expensive, it is seldom used. A Trolley Mail-Carrier for the Farm-House ALKING down the lane to the mail-box may be-all right in pleasant weather or slack times, but otherwise it becomes an unpleasant duty. The mail-box shown below can be built easily and inexpensively. First, a post is erected at the road and is fitted with a wood bracket on the side facing the house. From the top of the post is stretched a stout wire cable in a straight line to a convenient point at the house. The cable is then elec- trically cormected to a push button, as indicated, which in turn is grounded to a metal plate buried deep in the ground near the post. Similarly, the house end of the cable is connected to a bell and set of batteries. A mail-box consisting of a simple wood box suspended from the cable by one edge is fitted with deep grooved door-hanger pulleys which constitute the carrier. One of the top sides is hinged and acts as the cover. A screw- eye is placed in the outside bottom corner, and connected by a light end- less line to two pulleys, one with the end of the bracket and the other with the house. If the house is equipped with elec- tricity, a small motor will do the trick.—L. B. ROBBINS. id GROUND PULLEY| OPERATING Ih WITH MOTOR Ti BR A AND DRUM HOUSE am ra Mire Fata CABLE \ SUPPORT LOOP FOR aa LINE + GROUND DETAILS OF MAIL BOX AND HANGERS A trolley letter-carrier box to run down to the gate for the mail. It is driven by a small motor and has a bell signal attached to the bell circuit of the house 134 Popular Science Monthly, How Electrolysis Destroys Water-Mains —_e et th Th

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onthe S © pipe m the d iron lectric ‘terial, | nega- s have rolytic ‘ollow- heavy bath of he use 1; and mains win = tor the permit- ter and method is also | used. nnected simple e cable prooved nstitute sides is \ screw- bottom ht end- vith the 1er with ith elec- do the April, 1919 A Sod-Cutter Made from an Old Shovel SOD-CUTTER or edge may be A made out of an old shovel and a piece of 34-in. pipe which will equal the market article in every way, besides being sharper and more substantial. A slot is cut in the pipe to receive the blade, and holes are drilled in the sides to receive the rivets. An old shovel will furnish both handle and I | tl | | H]| DOLTS OR i! fi) SLOT a FLAT BLADE y ts Anold shovel, a piece of pipe, and your new sod-cutter is ready blade, and when all are in their proper positions the blade-holder is flattened against the blade as shown in the sketch.— JAMES A. KANE. One Method of Combating the Spanish ‘‘Flu’”’ O avoid spreading influenza germs among factory hands who used an ordinary bubbler drinking fountain, one large concern attached an electric . aH Putting the Spanish influenza in a cage light wire guard, in the manner shown in the illustration, to keep the drinker’s mouth from touching the outlet.— Maury ROBINSON. DISSTON | SAWS AND TOOL ZZSCH--ZZSC The Sing’ of the REQ UA PATON, ' _——~ - of, HE qualities that have made the Disston Hand Saw the most widely-used saw in the world are built in the saw itself—thoroughgoing quality, value, long life. You know the world-wide reputation of the Disston Hand Saw—its leadership for nearly eighty years is one of the traditions of the trade. All saws made by Disston are Disston quality— Cross Cut Saws, Band Saws, Circular Saws—each measures up to the high standard of the world- famous Disston Hand Saw. Disston Crucible Steel, made in our own plant, is the only steel used in Disston Saws and Tools. Disston Saws are sold by progressive hardware dealers the world over. Send today for the free Disston Handbook on Saws, which tells how to select, use and care for Disston Saws and Tools. Henry Disston & Sons, Inc. **America’s Longest Established Makers of Hand Saws, Cross Cut Saws, Band Saws, Circular Saws and Tools”® Philadelphia, U.S. A. Canadian Works: Toronto, Canada

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Popular Science Monthly HE easiest and quickest way to repair leaks in radiators, pumps, water jackets, hose con- nections, etc., is to use Johnson’s Radiator Cement. this will stop the leaks instantly without laying up the car. No mechanical experience is required all you have to do is remove the cap and pour the liquid into the radiator. No tool kit complete without a can of Jolinson’s Radiator Cement. It overcomes the inconvenience of laying up one’s car. A half-pint is ordinarily sufficient for a Ford or other small radiator—for larger cars use a pint. JOHNSON’S ADIATOR CEMENT Johnson’s Radiator Cement blends perfectly with the water until it reaches the leaks—just as soon as it comes in contact with the air it forms a hard, tough, pressure-resisting substance which is insoluble in water and consequently makes a permanent seal. Quick—Efficient—Harmless Johnson’s Radiator Cement contains no powder, cement or anything which can coat, clog or interfere with the efficiency of the cooling system. It will ordinarily seal a leak in from two to ten minutes. Steam fitters will find Johnson’s Radiator Cement just what they’ need for sealing up leaks and cracks in boilers and water jackets of all kinds. Insist upon your dealer supplying you with Johnson’s: Radiator Cement. Write for our folder on “Keeping Cars Young”—it’s free. S. C. JOHNSON & SON, Dept. PSM, Racine, Wis.