The Popular Science Monthly 1887-08: Vol 31

Page 1

THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. AUGUST, 1887. THE ECONOMIC DISTURBANCES SINCE 1873. By How. DAVID A. WELLS, LL. D. Il. HEN the historian of the future writes the history of the nine- teenth century he will doubtless assign to the period embraced by the life of the generation terminating in 1885, a place of impor- tance, considered in its relations to the interests of humanity, second to but very few, and perhaps to none, of the many similar epochs of time in any of the centuries that have preceded it ; inasmuch as all economists who have specially studied this matter are substantially agreed that, within the period named, man in general has attained to such a greater control over the forces of Nature, and has so compassed their use, that he has been able to do far more work in a given time, obtain a much larger product, “measured by quantity in ratio to a given amount of labor,” and reduce the effort necessary to insure a comfortable subsistence in a far greater measure, than it was possible for him to accomplish twenty or thirty years anterior to the time of the present writing. In the absence of. sufficiently complete data, it is not easy, and perhaps not possible, to estimate accurately, and spe- , Cifically state the average saving in time and labor in the world’s work of production and distribution that has been thus achieved. In a few departments of industrial effort the saving in both of these fac- tors has certainly amounted to seventy or eighty per cent; in nota few to more than fifty per cent.* Mr. Edward Atkinson, who has * According to the United States Bureau of Labor (report for 1886), the gain in the power of production in some of the leading industries of the United States “during the past fifteen or twenty years,” as measured by the “ displacement of the muscular labor” formerly employed to effect a given result (i. e., amount of product), has been as follows: In the manufacture of agricultural implements, from 50 to 70 per cent; in the manu- facture of shoes, 80 per cent; in the manufacture of carriages, 65 per cent; m the VOL, xxx1.—28

Page 2

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 3

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 4

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 5

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 6

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 7

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 8

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 9

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 10

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 11

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 12

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 13

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 14

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 15

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 16

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 17

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 18

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 19

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 20

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 21

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 22

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 23

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 24

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 25

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 26

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 27

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 28

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 29

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 30

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 31

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 32

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 33

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 34

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 35

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 36

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 37

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 38

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 39

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 40

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 41

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 42

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 43

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 44

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 45

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 46

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 47

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 48

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 49

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 50

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 51

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 52

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 53

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 54

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 55

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 56

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 57

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 58

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 59

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 60

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 61

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 62

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 63

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 64

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 65

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 66

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 67

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 68

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 69

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 70

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 71

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 72

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 73

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 74

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 75

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 76

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 77

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 78

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 79

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 80

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 81

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 82

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 83

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 84

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 85

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 86

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 87

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 88

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 89

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 90

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 91

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 92

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 93

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 94

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 95

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 96

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 97

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 98

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 99

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 100

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 101

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 102

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 103

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 104

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 105

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 106

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 107

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 108

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 109

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 110

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 111

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 112

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 113

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 114

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 115

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 116

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 117

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 118

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 119

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 120

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 121

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 122

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 123

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 124

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 125

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 126

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 127

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 128

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 129

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 130

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 131

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 132

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 133

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 134

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 135

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 136

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 137

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 138

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 139

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 140

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 141

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 142

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 143

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 144

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 145

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.

Page 146

This page's text is still being fetched. See the page, or reload in a moment.