Notes and Queries 1919-01: Vol 5 Iss 88

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1 NOTES anp QUERIES: 3s Rela UBRAR, A Medium of Intercommunication FOR ABER ARY MEN, GENERAL READERS, ETC. miy, ar ee “When found, make a note of.’—Capraix Currie. No. 88. ["yumuzt JANUARY, 1919. { TENPENOE Post free, 11d. OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS THE EUROPEAN COMMONWEALTH. PROBLEMS HISTORICAL AND DIPLOMATIC. By J. A. R. MARRIOTT. 8vo, 15s. net. THE CONGRESS OF VIENNA, 1814-1815. By C. K. WEBSTER. With a Map, Chronological Table, and 8 Appendixes. Paper Cover. 8vo, 4s. 6d. net. THE WHITE RIDERS AND OTHER SKETCHES IN WAR-TIME. By J. E. G. pk MONTMORENCY. Fcap 8vo, 4s. net. THE SAMKHYA SYSTEM. A History of the ee Philosophy. By A. BERRIEDALE KEITH, D.C.L., D.Litt. Crown 8vo. ls. 6d. net. [Heritage of India Series. ] POEMS OF GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS. Now first published. Edited, with Notes, by ROBERT BRIDGES, Poet Laureate. With 6 Illustrations. Crown 8vo, paper boards, cloth back, 12s. 6d. net. ENGLISH PROSE FROM BACON TO HARDY. Selected and Edited by E. K. BROADUS and R. K. GORDON. Crown 8vo, 6s. net. ELEMENTARY SPANISH GRAMMAR. By B. SANIN CANO. Crown 8vo, limp cloth, 4s. 6d. net. A HISTORY OF THE MARATHA PEOPLE. By C. A. KINCAID and RAO BAHADUR D. B. PARASIUS. Vol. I, 16s. net. A HISTORY OF THE SIKHS. From the Origin of the Nation to the Battles of the Sutlej. By J. D. CUNNINGHAM, Liee- tenant of Engineers, and Captain in the Army of India. Edited by H. L. 0. GARRETT, M I.E.S. New and Revised edition, with 2 maps. Crown 8vo, 8s. 6d. net, also an edition on id India paper, 10s. 6d. net. THE TEXT OF THE OLD TESTAMENT. By EDOUARD NAVILLE. Demy 8vo, 3s. net. [The “Schweich Lectures,” 1915.] London: HUMPHREY MILFORD, Oxford University Press, Amen Corner, E.C.4.

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NOTES AND QUERIES. [12S. V. Jan., 1919, JUST PUBLISHED. Some Bath Love Letters JOHN WILKES, Eszq., M.P. for Aylesbury, Lord Mayor of, London, 1774. BY EMANUEL GREEN. Price 3s. 6d. *. Post Freer. BATH : GEORGE GREGORY, 5 ARGYLE STREET. NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS, We should be glad to receive Subscriptions for 1919 (lls. post free). Some subscribers have clréady sent at the old yearlv rate for °N. & Q.’ (£1 Os. 6d.); and any amount forwarded beyond lls. will be put to tae Continuation Fund. re. DISPOSAL. — A large number of OLD DEEDS relating to NORFOLK, SUFFOLK, ESSEX and HAMPSHIRE: also OLD MANOR ROLLS relating to LONDON, ERTFORD and YORK E. WILLIAMS, 17 New Town Road, HOVE. ‘WHE AUTHOR’S HAIRLESS PAPER-PAD. (The Ss L PRESS, Ltd.. aaa and Printers, 47 GARDEN R 8T. GFORGE'S “ROAD, mt UTAWARE, 8.E.1.) Contains hairless paper, over which the pen slipe with perfect freedom. Ninepence each, 8s per dozen, ruled or plain. ‘ocket size, 6s. per dozen, ruled or plain. STIOKPHAST isa clean white Paste and not a messy liquid. THE LONDON SECRETARIAT. LITERARY AGENCY AND TYPEWRITING BUREAU. LITERARY AGENCY. AUTHORS’ MSS. considered and placed with Editors and Publishers. MSS. carefully corrected and arranged for Press. LITERARY help and advice given. RESEARCH WORK and INDEXING done with scrupulous care. PRECIS prepared. PROOFS corrected for Press. ARTICLES syndicated. Estimates given for printing and publishing works. TYPEWRITING BUREAU. MSS. of all ratures, REPORTS. LECTURES, LEGAL DOCUMENTS, CIRCULAR LETTERS, SCIEN- TIFIC and COMMERCIAL matter accurately and attractively tyned. Clients may dictate at offices. All natures of SECRETARIAL DUTIES performed. BOOKS, second-hand and new, &c., obtained for clients. : i Typed copies made of MSS. and BOOKS in British Museum. Typed copies of MSS. carefully compared with originals and absolute accuracy guaranteed. Estimates given on work being submitted. Fees moderate. Address THE LONDON SECRETARIAT, 2 SOUTHAMPTON STREET, STRAND, W.C.2. Tel: Regent 1639. BACK VOLUMES OF NOTES AND QUERIES can be obtained on application to the Office of the Paper, BREAM’S BUILDINGS, CHANCERY LANE, E.C.4, OOKS. — ALL OUT-OF-PRINT BOOKS supplied, no matter on what subject Pleare state wants. Burke’s Peerage, new copies, 1914, 8s. ; 1915. 108.; published 428. net. —BAKER'S Great Bookshop, 14-16 John Bright Street, Birmingham. HARVEY BLOOM, M.A. (Cambridge), Archivist and Genealogist, 601 BANK CHAMBERS, 329 HIGH HOLBORN, E.C.1. Mr. 5 Bloom is prepared to arrange and Calendar Collections of Papers an and Edit Material for Manorial and Family History, and to give advice on all Au tiquarian Matters. Prospectus on application. ESEARCHES, Proof-Reading, Indexing. Revision of 7. Good exverience. Highest testimonials. In fe’ oe. fos . A. HADLAND, 15 Bellevue Mansions, Forest ({HARLES DICKENS, 1812-1870. A Series of Notes by JOHN COLLINS FRANCIS, With Supplementary Articles by other Contributors, APPEARS IN NOTES AND QUERIES For FEBRUARY 88, 10, 17, 24 MARCH 2, 9, 16, 28, 30; APRIL 6, 18, 20,97; MAY 4, 11, 18, 25 JUNE 1, 8, 15, and 29, 1912. Price of the 21 Numbers, 108. 64. ; free by post, lls. BIBLIOGRAPHY. 1820-1892. NOTES AND QUERIES For APRIL #, MAY 138, 27, JUNE 10, 24, and JULY 8, 1898, Contains « Bibliography of BENJAMIN DISRAELT, EARL OF BRACONSFIELD. This includes KEYS to ‘VIVIAN GREY,’ *‘CONINGSBY,’ ‘LOTHATR,’ and ‘ENO YMION.’ Price of the Six Numbers, 4s. 6d.; or free by post, 4s. 9d. DIsRAEL!I GLADSTONE BIBLIOGRAPHY. NOTES AND QUERIES For DECEMBER 10 and 24, 1892, and JANUARY 7 and 21, 1893 Contains a Bibliography of THE RIGHT HON. W. E. GLADSTONE, Price of the Four Numbers, 8s. ; or free by post, 38. 2d. J. EDWARD FRANOCIB, Notes and Queries Office, at the uniform price of 12s. 6d. each. h Bream’s Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.4. ER oO Deed Ped ed ee cet te et et i A ta Oded ed et ed ed et ° 4 = ae tHe rms Not 19] len wa: Fai 19] of mi; for

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— aa os Rew ') ‘ 128. V. Jan., 1919.) NOTES AND QUERIES. 1 LONDON, JANUARY, 1919. CONTENTS. — No. 88. NOTES :—The Royal Arms: a Suggested Change, 1— Samuel Owen, Uncle of August Strindberg, 3—Shake- speariana, 4—British Navy, 1587-1919—Prisoners of War and their Letters in 1753—Sir Thomas Browne: Tom Brown, 6—St. Trunnion: his Identity—‘‘ Dinkum Shop’ —The Judges’ Level—Rutter Family Name, 7—Markshall and Fuller Family—Elsinore—Empson EK. Middleton. 8. QUERIES :— ‘‘ Querel'e o’Allemand’’— Scottish Chiefs— Oath of Feaity: Edward I1[f.—Col. A. R. Macdoneli’s Duel with Norman Macleod, 9— Penrhyn Devil as a Knocker — Homes of Foulshotlaw : Janet Dickson — Kinghorn of Fireburumill—The Constant Reformation, Flagship : its Chaplain—‘Anthologia Greca’ : Epictetus— Maw Family, 10— Index Ecclesiasticus, 1550-1800 ’—St. Bees Alumni—Disraeli on Gladstone—Niccold da Uzzano —Joseph Clover of Norwich —‘* Daverdy”: ‘ Pipchin- esque”’—George Powell, the Dramatist—Earl of Beacons- field the first Lord Lytton: Martin Tupper, 11—Burrell, Centenarian—Austrian Money coined at the London Mint—Napo'eon and Lord John Russel'—‘* Baptiste Man- tuani Carmeiite ”"—Hon. Lieut. George Stewart—Edmund Clerke, Clerk of the Privy Seal, 12—Lakes Pascholler and Calendari, near Thusis — Neate — Newman — Paten or Salver ?—Stags and Kglantine : Elizabethan Court Story, 13—‘*Go to Exeter”: Murder Trial~‘ The Newcomes ’— Crow-Fig—Prudentius’s ‘ Psychumachia’—A. B. Wright, Leeal Historian and Actor—Egioke Family—Orlingbury Family, 14— Graves planted with Flowers — Authors Wante, 15. REPLIES :--Sir Walter Raleigh, East Londoner, 15 — Henry (.: a Gicucester Charter, 16—War Slang: Regi- mental Nicknames, 18 — Lines under a Crucifix, 19 — Dessin’s Hotel, Calais, 20—Sol as a Woman’s Name in England—Richard [. in Captivity—Craggs and Nicholson Families, 21— Aristotle on the Greek Temperament — ‘* Heater-shaped ”—Ancient Order of Foresters : Blue Eye —Merchant Marks aad ancient Finger-Rings, 22 —Rev. Sir Robert Peat, °3—The Pope’s Crosier—Icke Family— ** Biajer”’—Leap Year: Lady’s Offer of Marriage, 24— Boys born in May—White Horse of Kent: Landscape White Horses — Hotel Bristol —‘ Malbrook ’—Ismenia— “Hell for leather,” 25—Epitaph to a Slave—Heraldic : Captor and his Captives’ Aims—Le Cateau : Cambrai— Authors Wanted, 25. NOTES ON BOOKS: — ‘Shakespeare’s Workmanship ’— ‘Bibliography of Works by Officers and Men of the Royal Artillery.’ i Booksellers’ Catalogues. OBITUARY :—J. S. Shedlock. Notices to Correspondents. Notes. THE ROYAL ARMS: A SUGGESTED CHANGE. To the number of ‘N. & Q.’ for October, 1917 (12 S. iii. 435), I sent a somewhat lengthy note on the above subject. This was preceded by a suggestion made by Mr. Faithfull Begg in The Morning Post in July, 1917, that the change of the family name of our Royal House to that of Windsor might be fittingly marked by substituting for the reduplicated three lions of England in the fourth quarter of the royal arms some charge representing India and our Overseas Dominions. He suggested for that purpose “a _ double - headed lion passant guardant, the heads _ severally crowned, one for India and one for the Overseas Dominions, thus indicating dis- tinct individual sovereignty with absolute unity.” Mr. Begg’s letter drew forth no reply ; and I, thinking that the daily press was not quite the vehicle for a discussion upon such a technical subject, subsequently raised the whole question in ‘N. & Q.’ as above stated, and, for the reasons there given, I opposed Mr. Begg’s suggestion. There also the matter ended without further dis- cussion. At the end of July last, however, Mr. Faithfull Begg returned to the subject, and in the same journal; but instead of a single charge he now advocated two em- blems, one—an_ elephant — representing India, in the fourth quarter of the royal arms, and the other, on an inescutcheon, *“a sun in splendour, arising from the sea, the rays to represent the several Dominions and Crown Colonies.’ Again, in The Morn- ing Post this time, I combated the idea, and for the same reason. This resulted in a somewhat lengthy discussion. Realizing as I do that the daily press is of too ephemeral a character for the discussion of such a subject, to which no proper index or re- ference could eventually be found, I thought’ that I might again venture to address readers in ‘N. & Q.,’ the natural medium, I think, for heraldic subjects open to public discussion. I do not propose to do more now than to allude very generally to the arguments against the proposed change which I made at the above reference, as they are accessible to all readers, beyond stating that I see no reason to alter them owing to the discussion which has since taken place in The. Morning Post ; for hold still that any representation of India in the royal arms is unsuitable for the reasons there given, and of our Over- seas Dominions unnecessary, on the ground that they are already sufficiently and, heraldically, correctly represented therein. More interest appears now to be taken in the suggestion that I made that, if it was thought advisable by the proper authorities to make any alteration at all in the royal arms, the Principality of Wales might he given the honour of representation in the fourth quarter in lieu of the present re- duplicated three English lions; thus ccm- 374962 ,

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2 NOTES AND QUERIES. [12 S. V. Jan., 1919. pleting my contention that then every member of our Overseas Dominions would be represented in the royal arms as being the direct descendant, heraldically speaking, of an English, Scottish, Irish, or Welsh man, and as_ such entitled to share in our royal arms and fly the Union Jack. . I have had several letters from Welsh correspondents, one of whom, a Scottish F.S.A., writes to me as follows :— “The attempt to oust the leek as a national emblem in favour of a doubtful daffodil, the placing of a daffodil in the watermark on the new Treasury notes, and the idea of quartering the Colonies and India on the arms while the Welsh dragon does not appear, is repulsive to the national pride, and would be resented.’ I had suggested in ‘N. & Q.’ that the red dragon might be adopted as the national emblem of Wales, though one cannot shut one’s eyes to the fact that it is only the national badge, and not the arms of the country. This renewed discussion, however, as to what is the most fitting emblem to represent Wales in the event of any such suggested change in the royal arms being carried into effect, has led me to reconsider the question how far‘the red dragon would be really appropriate for that purpose. The result of this reconsideration is shown in a further letter to The Morning Post of Aug. 28 last, an extract from which I would ask permission to refer to here. After stating Boutell’s opinion (‘ Heraldry, His- torical and Popular, 1864, p. 324) that the arms of Wales might presumably be held to be represented in the arms of Eng- land, I wrote :— “Wales seems long ago to have been divided into North and South. Boutell is again very instructive on this point. He states (p. 325) that the arms of the Principality of Wales (Quarterly, 1 and 4, Gules, a lion passant guardant or; 2 and 3, Or, a lion passant guardant gules) form part of an achievement of Queen Elizabeth, though he feels bound to add that Owen Glendwr, as Prince of Wales, A.p. 1404, blazons the lions as ‘rampant.’ Again, Edward Plantagenet, son of Edward IV., and Arthur Tudor, son of Henry VII., bore separately for the Principality Argent, three lions coward in pale, gules. He adds a note that this last coat is said to have been assigned specifically to North Wales, while the arms of South Wales were the above-men- tioned quartered lions rampant. These several bearings are all shown in plate lx. “The late Rev. Dr. Woodward, a later but equally reliable authority, at p. 237 of vol. i. of his ‘ Heraldry, British and Foreign’ (1896), also gives the before-mentioned quartered lions passant guardant as the arms borne by Llewyllyn ap Griffith, Prince of North Wales, but states that they were still used as the arms of the Principality of Wales. ‘** According to these authorities, ancient arms for Wales—both North and South—certainly did exist. But which of these three distinct coats should be selected to represent Wales if it presently be decided that she should be repre- sented in any new royal arms? It will be a curious coincidence if the question should turn out to be the substitution of Welsh lions for English ones! But from which coat? Surely, not that of North Wales, as given by Mr. Boutell. The tail of the British lion may often have been twisted in days gone by, but I scarcely think that we can allow that of its Welsh confrére to remain permanently between its legs (i.e., ‘coward ’).” And I went on to say that, in face of this evidence of the existence of ancient arms, of the Principality, I could no longer suggest that the red dragon should be promoted from the dignity of a “ badge,” or a “ sup- porter,” to an equal share in the royal arms. I also mentioned that there would seem to be another reason why the red dragon would not, perhaps, be suitable as a com- ponent part of the-royal arms. Since the general disuse of the numerous personal badges used by our sovereigns—which dates from the time of Queen Anne—the royal badges have been more clearly defined, and now consist, as settled under the Sign Manual in 1801, of the rose, the thistle, and the shamrock, for England, Scotland, and Ireland respectively, whilst “a dragon, wings addorsed gules, passant on a mount vert,” represents Wales. My Welsh correspondent has since sent me, & propos of his remarks about the leek, a copy of a very interesting pamphlet upon the question as to which is the proper national emblem for Wales—the leek or the daffodil—contributed by Mr. A. E. Hughes to vol. xxvi. of the Cymmrodorion Society’s publications (1916), which society had pub- lished some ten years before a paper by Mr. Ivor B. John advocating the claim of the daffodil to that honour. Mr. Hughes traces the connexion of the leek with Wales from the time of the battle of Crecy (1346), when that flower—which abounded on the battle-field—was worn by the Welsh in their head-pieces. This pre- supposes, of course, a greater antiquity. ‘ But,” says Mr. Hughes (p. 39), “the Crecy tradition has indeed shown a ten- dency to cling to Court circles until comparatively recent times, but cannot, apparently, boast of such an array of support as the St. David legend.” He also refers to the connexion of the leek with St. David’s Day (March 1), and cites evidence that in the time of the Tudor sovereign Henry VIII. the yeomen of the _ sae ie oe TA +toodcym awe e

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nt k, mn er ne es ig:) b- 4 of he le oY e- n- ly id ak or he 128. V. Jan., 1919.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 3 King’s guard presented a leek on St. David’s Day to his elder daughter, the Princess Mary. This connexion is alluded to by Shake- speare in ‘King Henry V.’ in the scene (Act IV. sc. Vii.) between the king and the Welshman Fluellen, which would appear to be the -arliest reference to the origin of the custom in English literature. It is there referred to as “an _ ancient custom.” * This pamphlet makes out, I think, a very strong case why. the leek, and not the daffodil, should be regarded as the national emblem for Wales. But was not this question practically concluded in favour of the leek when His Majesty, a few years ago, ordained that the leek should be worn, as we now see it, in the head- dress of his newly formed Welsh Guards, in conjunction with the rose, the thistle, and the shamrock of the other royal regi- ments of foot-guards ? Nevertheless, the red dragon, as I stated, borne as the badge of the old Welch Regi- ‘ ment, is a very popular’ cognizance in the public estimation ; and if there should be any difficulty, heraldically, in deciding upon the proper set of lions to represent the ancient arms of Wales, the choice might well be left to His Majesty as the “ Fountain of Honour.” In which case the leek might well take, I think, the place of the red dragon, if the latter be promoted to the rank of arms, in the series above mentioned of the royal badges, and would, as a plant, be more consonant to the other national emblems, the rose, tho thistle, and the shamrock. It is interesting to note in this connexion the circumstance,*‘to which Mr. Hughes refers, that our Tudor sovereigns wore green and white as their royal colouns, the colours of the leek. I am not aware of any other suggestion as to the origin of the Tudor livery colours, for they are cortainly not derived from the tinctures of their arms, as is usually the case in these matters. In conclusion we may all agree with Hotspur when he says :— The arms are fair When the intent of (for) bearing them is just. ‘1 Henry IV.,’ Act V. se. ii. J. S. Upan, F.S.A. * See also Michael Drayton’s ‘ Polyolbion,’ published in 1612, and his ‘ Battle“of Agincourt,’ published later. SAMUEL OWEN, UNCLE OF AUGUST STRINDBERG. SAMUEL OWEN, who, as his name indicates, robably had Welsh blood in his veins, was icon at no great distance from the border between Wales and England. He first saw the light on May 12, 1774, at Norton-in- Hales, near Market Drayton, Shropshire. The boy had practically no schooling, but was set to look after geese, pigs, and sheep. Later on he worked as a horse-driver on the canal, and then, at the age of eighteen, was apprenticed to a carpenter. Owen soon displayed considerable mechanical ability, and attracted attention by his eagerness to learn. At the cost of great sacrifices, he acquired knowledge in an evening school when the day’s work was done. After the lapse of some years he left his native county, and worked as a joiner at Bolton and at Watt's new factory near Birmingham. Here it was that he became familiar with the steam - engine — knowledge which was destined to stand him in good stead. Next he proceeded to a works at Leeds, whence he was sent to Stockholm in 1804 to set up a number of steam-engines which had been bought from the firm by a _ prominent Swede. In i806 he again visited Stock- holm for a similar purpose, and this time remained in Sweden for good. For three years he was foreman at Bergsund foundry, and then in 1809 he started at Kungsholm in Stockholm a foundry and machine- factory. This works played an extremely important part in the development of Swedish industry. Threshing-machines and many other implements—often the first of their kind in Sweden—were manufac- tured by Samuel Owen. The men who had worked under him were employed by other firms, and the Kungsholm. works thus became a centre for the dissemination cf knowledge in engineering. Not less useful was Owen's activity as & shipbuilder. He is known, and justly, as the father of the Swedish steamboat in- dustry. It is worth noting that, some time before John Ericsson satisfactorily demonstrated the possibilities of the pro- peller, Owen had conducted experiments with a boat called the Witch of Stockholm. These experiments were made in 1816, and King Charles XIV., who took a great interest in Owen’s efforts, had a vessel built specially for further investigations. The latter were, however, not a success,

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4 NOTES AND QUERIES. (128. V. Jan., 1919. and from that time onwards Owen built paddle-boats only. The first steamer of this type constructed by him was finished in 1817, and in the following year made voyages on Lake Malar. The steamer soon became popular in Sweden, and, thanks to Owen, Sweden was the first European country after Great Britain to have a steamship service and a steamship in- dustry. In recognition of his services, Owen was made a member of the Swedish Academy of Sciences and of the Academy of Agriculture. This great pioneer never became rich. In fact, as the result of competition and the great losses he had suffered, Samuel Owen had to shut down his works and hand over his property to his creditors. For a while he carried on a scheme for the drain- ing of bogs in the province of Smaland ; and then from 1847 to 1851 he again acted as foreman at a foundry. After settling at the town of Sdédertelje he returned to Stockholm, and died there on Feb. 15, 1854. His position might have been pre- carious but for the fact that he had been granted a pension by the Swedish State for the pioneer work he had done. Apart from his merits as an industrial organizer, Samuel Owen will always be remembered in Sweden as one of those who helped to introduce Methodism and the temperance movement into that country. One other interesting fact remains to be mentioned. The wife of Samuel Owen was the aunt of August Strindberg, one of the greatest names in _ nineteenth- century Swedish literature. In his auto- biography ‘ The Son of a Maid’ Strindberg describes this aunt, who after the death of her husband took up her abode with Strind- berg’s parents. There sat the old lady, who had known so many famous people, and instructed her young nephews in the art of politeness. With her lace cap, and surrounded by vestiges of former greatness— furniture with coverings of an English pattern, and the bust of Samuel Owen in the uniform of the Academy of Sciences— she was a figure to inspire young Strindberg with respect. He tells us also that Mrs. Owen drank tea after the English custom and read English books. We may doubtless attribute to these surroundings, in part at least, the familiarity with English thought that Strindberg afterwards displayed—a familiarity which was to be of far-reaching importance for his development as an author. HersBert G. WRIGHT. University College, Bangor. SHAKESPEARIANA. ‘Hamtet,’ I. iv. 36-8 (12 8. iv. 211). A. As a preliminary to tackling this passage, admittedly impossible as it stands in the Second and Third Quartos, it is expedient to clear the ground by considering |causes of corruption. We will assume that | Shakespeare originally wrote sense, however | difficult for a cursory reader to follow. (1) The printer, confronted with very bad handwriting, may have done his best— | printed exactly what he made of it, with no intrusion of his own intelligence. (2) Finding the MS. unintelligible, he may have “ emended”’ on his own, modestly or recklessly. (3) He may have printed from dictation, ‘in which case his ear, not his eye, was ‘deceived. Many of the proposed emenda- | tions seem to rest on this supposition. Is it | & possible one ? | B. (1) It is commonly accepted that jeale is a mistake for evil. Surely a very odd |mistake! Evil is a common word, which jit is hard to believe that any printer could jcorrupt into a rare or non-existent one. | Yet, on the other hand, at II. ii. 577 the |Quarto did print deale for devil. The | presumed intermediate form e’il is hardly |worth consideration, in spite of the | Scottish. “‘deil’’ for devil. Shakespeare was writing English; and the notion that eil was used for metre’s sake is ludicrous. The 24 lines of this speech contain 8 other hypermeters. (2) The only other tenable suppositions are (a) that eale has displaced some other word ; (6) that it is a genuine word itself, which occurs nowhere else, and whose meaning is now lost The ‘N.E.D. does not recognize it. As to (a), there is still an opening for a brilliant conjectural restora- tion ; but the restorer must satisfy himself whether the printer was baffled by bad handwriting or misled by pronunciation. Is (b) possible? Note that the word passed through the Third Quarto un- challenged. The word is required to mean some ingredient of a mixture, a modicum of which has power to spoil or corrupt the mass ; as, ¢.g., rennet or some acids, dropped into milk or cream, would operate. C. It is also commonly agreed that “ of a dout” is wrong. ‘‘ Often dout’’ seems to me at present the least unsatisfactory.

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128. V. Jan., 1919.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 5

Is dout (do out) to be taken as meaning “put out,’ “ extinguish’? ? This is con- sonant with the idea of liquid indram. Or} as meaning “‘ eject,” ‘expel’? ? One objec- tion that I have seen to the word often, viz., that it is too limited, is sufficiently refuted by oft in ll. 23 and 28. In a MS. the most likely word to be misread as dout would be clout. Clout= patch gives no sense; but a noun clout is another form of clot, and the participle clouted, of clotted. The ‘N.E.D. admits under clouwted that a verb clout for clot is conceivable, though no instances are listed. To revert to a notion indicated above, if eale could be a lost word for vinegar, or be a printer’s misreading for esil (Esile in the Folio), we should gain a good and clear metaphor: “It often happens that a small portion of vinegar dropped into a nobler substance (such as milk) curdles it all.” That the operation of acids on milk was in Shakespeare’s mind at the time is shown by I. v. 69. D. “ To his own scandal.” Three mean- ings are possible. (a) His own refers to the subject, dram ; to is used of result, as in Lamech’s “‘ I have slain a man, to his hurt.”’ The phrase then means “so as. to incur blame for its operation.” (b) His own refers to the object, “ the noble substance” ; the noble substance by turning it into a corruption of itself.’ This is better suited than (a) to the general context and the scope of the metaphor ; but the construction with dout is not very happy. It would suit clout well. (c) His own means ‘‘ the depraved man’s.” This remoteness of reference, and false con- cord, is more licentious writing, but thoroughly Shakespearean in style. H. K. Sr. J. S. Among the six pages of closely written notes on this passage in Furness’s Variorum edition is one from the First Series of “N. & Q.’ (v. 377) resembling the emenda- tion now suggested by Pror. ELLERSHAW. The writer of the note in 1852 advocated the reading “‘ o’er a doubt,” which he explained as ‘“‘ doth cast a doubt over all the noble substance, bring into suspect all the noble qualities’’ ; and H. D. in The Atheneum of Aug. 18, 1866, suggested < overdout.” Dyce, it appears, agreeing with Lettsom, considered that ‘‘a verb must lurk under the corruption ‘a doubt’ or ‘ doubt’ with then to=into: “spoils | _ the signification of turn, pervert, corrupt, or | the like. Shakespeare’s meaning evidently is that a little Jeaven leavens the whole lump.” Prof. Elze’s reading is quoted in The Atheneum of Aug. 11, 1866, pp. 217-18, viz., ““often daub”; and if these words were merely altered to ‘“‘ overdaub,”’ the change would, I think, supply much the best sense and rhythm to the passage hitherto forthcoming :— The dram of eale Doth all the noble substance overdaub To his (its) own scandal. Compare ‘ King Lear, IV. i. 51, ‘ Poor Tom’s a-cold. I cannot daub it further,” which Warburton’ rendered ‘“‘ disguise further’? ; and ‘Richard III., ITI. v. 30:— # So smooth he daub’d his vice with show of virtue, and the following quotation from 1543 in the ‘N.E.D.: “Perjury cannot escape unpunished, be it never so secretly handled and craftily daubed.” N. W. Hitt. 35 Highbury Place, N.6. The passage may, I think, be read as The dram of eale (alloy) ’ Doth all the noble substance often dout To his own scantle. As thus rendered, the meaning would be that the dram of alloy doth all the noble substance often put out, or put down, to |its own diminishment or abasement. The |words “dout” and “scantle’’ are to be | found in the ‘ N.E.D.’ and Wright’s ‘ Dialect Dictionary. I. cannot find any authority for the word “ eale”’ as meaning alloy, but it may perhaps be discovered in some old alchemical work. H. R. D.

SHAKESPEARE : A SURVIVAL OF AUGURY.— At 12S. iii. 297 I referred to a possible use by Shakespeare of oral tradition. In Ire- land there is a widespread belief that it is unlucky to see one magpie, but lucky to see two. I believe there are other traditional facts available concerning the magpie, but this particular case is interesting as Shake- speare referred to the bird as a means of augury as follows :— Stones have been known to move and trees to speak ; Augurs and understood relations have my, —e and choughs and rooks brought or The secret’st man of blood. * Macbeth,’ III. iv. 123-6. See Furness, ‘ Variorum Shakespeare.’ J. J. MACSWEENEY.

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6 NOTES AND QUERIES. [12 8. V. Jan., 1919. Britisa Navy, 1587-1919.—At a moment when every member of the British Empire is, or should be, proud of his incomparable Navy, it may be well to record, for the historian’s future use, the following early reference. It occurs in a rare poetical tract believed to survive in two original exemplars only. The slender volume was issued to mark Queen Elizabeth’s thirty years’ reign of unexampled prosperity, and just a year before the “stearnfull’”’ navy had a chance of showing the Spaniards the stuff it was made of, despite miserable supplies of provisions and munitions. I append the extract from Maurice Kyffin’s ‘Blessednes of Brytaine, 1587, in its archaic spelling, believing that hitherto it has not seen the light of print in ‘N. & Q?:—_ We may not here omit in silent forte Her royall ships strong-wrought for stearnfull warre, Whereof all worldly realmes do raise report Through raging seas discovering regions farre A scowre-sea navy, all bright & bravely burnisht, Foorth spowting fire; faire, huge, and fully furnisht. Wm. Jaccarp, Lieut. PRISONERS OF WAR AND THEIR LETTERS In 1758.—At the present time, when many prisoners of war are returning from Ger- many, the following letter to Lord Barring- ton, Secretary at War (now preserved at the Public Record Office under the heading ‘““War Office, 1/977”), will be read with interest, as showing the difficulties connected with letters from and to English prisoners of war a century and a half ago :— Broad Street buildings Bishopgate 16 October 1758. My Lord In sending your Lordship the inclosed Letter | amog yy as I received it from France give me eave to add a few lines with regard to the many letters I have received from the english prisoners there, too many for their friends in the Country to be franked, or to pay the postage from france, the first packett amounted to £1:9:2 the second to 12:6 the situation of prisoners is deserving compassion in every consideration, & therefore these letters were sent to the Commissioners of sick and wounded, & by them directed to the War Office, though neither would pay the charges, many have been forwarded by us to the prisoners in France for which we have paid the postage to flanders and our Correspondent at Paris Monsieur de Monmartel has never brought us any further account, we cannot therefore charge him with those he is so kind to send us. I should be glad therefore to receive your Lordships orders in what manner or to whom the prisoners letters in France ought to be directed in future. If I can unhappy countrymen I shall as willingly con- tribute to it as to convince your Lordship on all occasions of the sincere regard with which I have the honour to be My Lord Your Lordships Most obedient & very hum: Servant THomMas WALPOLE. [Endorsed :] Thank Mr. Walpole for his care of Officers Letters & desire he will continue so to do. Whatever charge shall arise shall be pay’d by me on his making up the Acct, but I am to pay only those expenses without which the Prisoners could not receive their letters. It is pleasant, even after this lapse of time, to know that the monetary obstacle did not prove insurmountable. E. H. Farrsroruer. Sm THomas BrownE: Tom Brown.—In the preface to Dr. Greenhill’s ‘Golden Treasury ’ edition of the ‘ Religio Medici’ is a detail which requires, I think, some further explanation. In giving an account, on p. ix, of the way in which translations of the ‘Religio Medici’ were received on the Continent, he observes that the book ‘‘ was by some persons much misunderstood, and gave occasion to great and most undeserved misrepresentation of the author’s religious opinions.” An instance of this is appended at the foot of the page :— “The following Note (which deserves preserva- tion on account of its monstrous ignorance and absurdity) was copied by the present Editor from one of the copies in the National Library at Paris: ‘Th. Brown, un des plus déclaréz ennemis de toute Réligion, et que l’Univers. d’Oxford avoit autrefois chassé pour ses dé- bauches, avant sa mort écrit une lettre pleine de sentimens de pénitence: elle est imprimée dans un Recueil postume de ses dialogues.’ ”’ Dr. Greenhill apparently leaves the reader to suppose that this ludicrously false account is the invention of malicious bigotry. What has really happened is that the reported facts of cne man’s life have been transferred to another of a similar name. It was Thomas Brown (1663-1704) who is said, when an undergraduate at Christ Church, to have been threatened with expulsion by Dean Fell. I have not ex- amined the posthumous ‘Collection of all the Dialogues of Mr. Thomas Brown,’ 1704, but feel safe in accepting from so sound an authority as Mr. A. H. Bullen the statement, in the ‘ D.N.B.,’ that to this edition ‘‘was appended a letter (the genuineness of which was attested by Thomas Wotton, curate of St Lawrence Jewry) purporting to have been written by Brown on his death-bed. In this letter Brown, after expressing regret for having written anything that would be likely to have a pernicious influence, protests against bein responsible for ‘ lampoons, trips, London Spies, be in this,or any other shape assistant to my | in which he had no hand.” a oN TDi ee aD ew os

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1238. V. Jay., 1919.) NOTES AND QUERIES. Clearly, then, some blundering Frenchman confounded the famous Norwich physician with the unlucky Tom Brown “ of Facetious Memory,” whose religion, if we may appro- priate the words of a Cambridge humorist, was “of that joyous bright Greek type, which saw no harm in anything in particular, and didn’t stick at it, when it did.” Dr. Greenhill adds that “the Note was said to have been written by Clément, formerly Garde de la Bibl. du Roi, who died 1700-1710.” I cannot find that Nicolas Clément ever held the office of “Garde de la Bibliothéque.” According to the ‘ Biographie Universelle,’ he was sous- bibliothécaire and died in 1712. The ‘ Nouvelle Biographie Générale’ styles him “‘bibliothécaire en second,’ and aseigne 1716 as the date of his death. EpwarpD BENSLY. Sr. TRUNNION: HIS IpENTITY.—Ball in his ‘ Histcry of Barton-upon-Humber,’ 1856, p. 68, says :— “In the old enclosures to the west of the town Was a spring of clear water called St. Trunnion’s well, and in a field in the West Acridge a very old thorn tree called St. Trunnion’s tree, which was standing in 1726; but who St. Trunnion was is not known, the question having been frequently discussed in Notes and Queries.” Possibly ‘‘ St. Ninian”? was the original form. In his will, dated April 1, 1528, George Portyngton of Barton-on-Humber left “To the reparacion off saynt Nynyan chaple xvjd’—‘ Lincoln Wills’ (Lincoln Record Soc., vol. 10), ii. 73. It is well known that the last letter of the word “saint” was often attracted to a saint’s name, as in Tedan for St. Aidan, Tantony for St. Antony, Tooley end Tulius for St. Olaf, and Tobin for St. Aubin. In like manner we might have “‘ Tninian”’ for St. Ninian ; and as rz would be more easily ronounced after the 7' than ni, the forms ‘Trinian,’ ‘‘ Trunian,’ and “ Trunnion”’ may quite possibly have been developed after St. Ninian was forgotten. Winterton, Lincs. J. T. F. P.S.—Since the above was in type I have found that my suggestion has been antici- pated. See Plummer’s ‘Bede,’ ii. 129. ** Dinkum SHop.’’—Wandering in the pur- lieus of Westminster the other day, I came across a small shop stocked principally with military accoutrements, and over the door was the heading ‘“‘ Harry’s Dinkum Shop.” Being curious to ascertain the precise sig- nification of this, to me, unknown word, I stepped in and inquired. The proprietress informed me that it was an Australian word signifying the right shop to go to fcr anything. I see that the question of iis meaning was discussed at 10 S. iii. 168 and 217, when one or two correspondents cited the ‘ E.D.D.,’ where ‘“ dinkum”’ is defined to mean “‘ work, due share of work.” WittoucHBy Maycock. Tue Jupces’ Levet.—tThere is a familiar legal anecdote of the judge who was seen drinking a pot of porter before going into court, and who explained the indulgence by saying, ““I must drink myself down to the level of my colleagues.’ It is usually told of Mr. Justice Maule, but sometimes also of other contemporary judges. : The story is, however, of much earlier date. In a commonplace-book of Charles II.’s time (Harleian MS. 6395) we are told (Fragment No. 337) that Sir John Millicent excused his potations on the plea that he must ‘‘ drink himself down to the capacity of the Bench.” Sir John Millicent was only a county magistrate, whom James I. knighted at Royston. So the anecdote was not a slander against any of the king's courts at Westminster, but only against & provincial Quarter Sessions. CyRIL. Rorrer Famity Name.—I have found that it is believed (and even by some who bear the name) that ‘‘ Rutter” is German in origin. In the seventeenth century the word “‘rutter” was used to designate a trooper, and it is customary to derive it from the Low Dutch ruiter. This is erro- neous: the identification partly depends upon the vowel u, which in ruiter is merely orthographical. The Dutch word rimes pretty closely with English “loiter,” and could not therefore yield rutter. I would seek the origin of ‘“‘ Rutter”’ in the French routier, and the reduction of # to ¢ similarly occurs {in “‘ gutter”? from goutisere. Rutter, moreover, is a much older family name than the supposed identification allows, and the history of the word “‘ gutter ”’ will help us to trace its descent and origin. The French gouttiére is derived from Lat. gutta, a drop. In Old French that became gote, goutee Now as ‘‘ gutter” derives from O.F. géte through gouttiére, so may Rutter derive from an O.F. réte through *routticre, or its equivalent. The O.F. rdte has two distinct meanings: viz., 1, a road ; 2, a viol or fiddle. If we select the first, then ‘ Rutter”=routier, a trooper. But

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8 NOTES AND QUERIES. (12 8. V. Jan., 1919, if we prefer the second meaning, ‘‘ Rutter” would postulate *rétarius, a Low Latin form which would signify a player upon the rote ; cp. Chaucer—‘* Wel coude he singe and plaien on a rote” (‘ C. T.,’ Prol., 1. 237). The correption of the stem vowel of *rotarius can, be casily paralleled: cp. O.F. moton, F. moutcn, Engl. ‘‘ mutton”; O.F. boton, F. bouton, Engl. ‘‘ button.” Similarly the Lat. bityrum became O.E. bitere, Engl. ‘‘ butter.” Now the ancient Cheshire family of Rutter derives its origin from Peter le Roter de Thornton, lord of Kingsley and Norley, and a descendant of Ranulf de Meschines, Earl of Chester temp. Henry I. This phrase ‘‘ le Roter”’ is undoubtedly the forerunner of ‘‘ Rutter,’ and it supports my hypothesis inasmuch as it points to rotarius>roter, and signifies an_ official player on the rote or violin—in this case, at the court of the Ear] Palatine of Chester. ALFRED ANSCOMBE. MARKSHALL AND THE FuLtER Famity. (See 10S. ix. 144; 12S. iii. 53; iv. 234, 263). —The following facts may be of additional interest. In Misc. Gen. et Her., Fourth Series, vol.iv. pp. 30-5, I published a ffulwer or ffuller pedigree; and at p. 66 I added notes from which it appears beyond doubt that, at a very remote date, the Fullers were lords of the manor of Markeshall. To save space I confine my extracts to a summary from the notes only, in which the generations are numbered :— (14) Riec’us de fulwer de Markeshall in com’ Essex = Magdalene file Ric’i Danbye. (15) Thomas fulwer de Markeshall= Anne une file et here Wilhelmi Bersett, miles. (16) Thomas fulwer de Markshall= Agnes file et here Henrici Ashewell in Com’ Cantabrigii. (17) Thomas fulwer de Nettes[hall] in Shepey= Erminelde une file et heredu’....Benet de Kent. Members of this branch were at this time also lords of the manor of Neatshall and of the manor of Tempsford, co. Bedford, as roved by the following extracts from the eralds’ College. Grant of crest to Ralph ffulwar of London, gent., son of Thomas ffulwar, Esq., lord of Netes (who was son of Thomas fiulwar, Esq., lord of Netes, by —— dau. and heir of Benet of Kent, Esq.), and great-grandson of Thomas ffulwar of Markeshall, co. Essex, Esq., Dec. 20, 3 Elizabeth. Grant of crest to John Fullwer, lord of the manor of Tempsford, co. Bedford, Esq., and judge in the Guildhall of the Court of one of the Sheriffs of London, son of Thomas ffulwer, lord of Netes in the Isle of Sheppey, co. Kent, Esq. (by Margaret his wife, daughter and heir of Nicholas Clarell of Edgecott, co. Northampton, Esq.), and grandson of Thomas ffulwar, lord of Markes Hall in the county of Essex, Esq., Dec. 20, 3 Elizabeth. Grant of crest to James ffulwarr of London, Merchant of the Staple and Merchant Adventurer (brother of John Fulwer, lord of the manor of Tempsford), Dec. 20, 3 Eliza - beth. There is an earlier grant of arms, July 7, 1551, to William ffulwar of Holewell, co. Hertford, brother of John ffulwer, lord of Tempsford. But I am travelling beyond Markshall, and will conclude. J. F. Fourier, F.S8.A. Dublin. ELstnorE.—This euphonious place-name —enshrined in the thrilling lines of Camp- bell’s ‘ Battle of the Baltic’ :— Let us think of them that sleep, Full many a fathom deep, By thy wild and stormy steep, Elsinore ! and in ‘ Hamlet ’—does not betray its true origin in its English guise, which approaches closely to the French form, Elseneur. The town, a seaport of some importance, called in Danish Helsingoer, stands at the entrance to the Sound, separated by a few miles from the Swedish port of Helsingborg on the mainland opposite. Helsingland is another Swedish place in the same category of nomenclature, to which also belongs Hel- singfors in Finland, the ancient sept of the Helsings having given their tribal name to the series. The different suffixes signify respectively : oer, isles ; borg, castle or burg ; land, country, and fors, force, current, or rushing stream. As Elsinore is situated on the shore of the island of Zealand, it may have received its name from’ having been built on land that has since been filled in or reclaimed, as in the case of Burnt- island, Fifeshire. N. W. Ht. Emrson E. Mippreton.—The Times on Nov. 21, 1917, gave extracts from the will and codicils of Mr. Empson Edward Midcle- ton, author of ‘Ah, Happy Englanc !’ mentioned at 12 8S. iii. 30. Frem these it appeared that the testator claimed large sums from the British Government «and other quarters for inventions he had put forward. Mr.: Middleton’s published works included metrical translations from Virgil, books on yachting and seamanship, and others directed against received views on natura] philosophy, &e. W. B. e...

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12 8. V. Jan., 1919.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 9 Queries. WE must request correspondents desiring in- formation on family matters of only private interest to affix their names and addresses to their queries, in order that answers may be sent to them direct. “ QUERELLE D’ALLEMAND.” — In The Quarterly Review for October, 1874, there is @ very interesting article on ‘The Republic of Venice, its Rise, Decline, and Fall.’ Among quotations from other authorities there is one from P. Daru’s ‘ Histoire de la République de Venise’ (Paris, 1821), the passage being translated into English. This author, in describing the innumerable devices to which the Ten of Venice used to have recourse for getting rid of such persons as were obnoxious to their policy or con- , venience, relates how in 1618 many hundreds of victims were tortured and done to death on charges of complicity in the alleged conspiracy with Spain. Even informers and witnesses against those accused, after being openly rewarded by the Council for their services, were either secretly executed or disposed of by hired assassins. Thus, says Daru, “another witness, to whom a pension of 50 ducats per month and a gratification of 300 ducats had been assigned, was ordered to repair to Candia, where, immediately on his arrival, he was killed in a quarrel forced on him—gquerelle d’Allemand as it is termed.”— Daru, liv. xxxi. The term querelle d’Allemand is un- familiar to me. In the sense of a “ forced quarrel ” how exactly it applies to the action of the Kaiser and his ministers in 1941! But what is its origin ? HERBERT MAxwELL. Monreith. [Hatzfeld and Darmesteter’s ‘ Dictionnaire énéral,’ 2 vols., a.v. Allemand, merely says: ** Loc. prov. Querelle d’Allemand, sans sujet.” But Littré is mucn fuller (1863, vol. i.) : “ Alle- mand (a-le-man), s.m. Ce mot est employé dans quelques phrases proverbiales: Une querelle d’allemand, c’est-A-dire une querelle sans sujet....Quant a allemand, dans la locution querelle d’allemand, il s’agit bien, sans doute, des Allemands. Pourtant on en a donné une étymologie différente : on écrit alors alleman, et Yon cite le dicton : Gare la queue des Alleman ! Ce dicton a appartenu au Dauphiné, dont la région montagneuse entre Je Drac et I’Isére était occupée par une puissante et noimbreuse famille de seigneurs portant tous le nom d@’Alleman. Malheur au voisin qui provoquait un membre de cette famille! il se les attirait tous sur les bras. De l’ardeur avec laquelle cette famille vengeait la plus petite injure est’ aussi venu, dit-on, le proverbe: Faire une querelle d’allemand; et Oudin (‘ Curiosités frang.,’ p. 462) écrit, en raison de cette origine: Querelle d’alleman. Mais je remarque qu’a la fin du XVIe siécle, Carloix dit querelle d’Alle- maigne, ce qui montre que, dés ce temps-la, on regardait, dans la locution, allemand comme le nom de peuple.’’] ScorrisH CHIEFS.—Will some one inform me if tlre chiefs of the Scottish clans receive official recognition as such, and if so, what form this takes? Is the deseription MacGregor ‘“‘ of MacGregor,” MacLeod ‘“ of MacLeod,’ MacLachlan ‘‘ of MacLachlan,” &c., used as implying chiefship ? INVERSLANEY. Oath oF Frarty: Epwarp IJJ.—On pp. 295-7 of the ‘ Histoire des Inaugurations des Rois’ (Paris, 1776) there is a graphic account of the ceremonies attendant upon the taking of the oath of fealty for the Duchy of Guienne by Edward III. in Amiens Cathedral in 1329. King Edward, we are informed, upon approaching the throne of his suzerain, was instructed by the Great Chamberlain to remove his crown, sword, and spurs, as it was contrary to the very essence of the act he was about to perform for the oath to be administered to him still vested in these outward signs of his independent sovereignty and of his knighthood. These details are apparently taken from some contemporary or nearly contemporary description of the scene, and T should be glad to know what this source may be. References to similar scenes con- taining the same details in contemporary chronicles or romances will be welcomed. CHARLES BEARD. Cot. A. R. Macponetit’s DUEL WITH Norman Macrteop.—My great-grandfather Col. Alexander Ranaldson Macdonell of Glengarry (d. 1828) fought a fatal duel with a young subaltern, Norman Macleod, at Fort William, and was subsequently tried for murder at Inverness. I should like to know both the dates of the duel and the trial and where to find any particulars of either, as I have been unable so far to find here the information for which I have been seeking. We had a copy of Mackenzie's history of the Macdonalds at home when I was a boy, but, speaking from memory, I.do not think that any particulars were given in it. I remember meeting, when quite a boy, an old lady—a Mrs. Mildmay, née Drummond of Megginch—who told me

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10 NOTES AND QUERIES. [12 8. V. Jax., 1919. that she was in Inverness at the time of the trial, so I fancy that it took place about the beginning of the nineteenth century. I should be glad to obtain a copy of Mackenzie’s work. R. M. H. Melbourne. PenrayN Devit as A KNOCKER.— I recently came across a small brass knocker for a bedroom door, the design of which puzzles me a good deal. It is obviously itself a quite modern piece of work, but its appearance suggests that it is a reproduc- tion of some object of legendary interest. It consists of a grotesque crouching human figure with distorted head and cloven hoofs ; the head hangs very much sideways, and is weighed down by a thick chain passing round the neck and down the front of the body ; at the end of the chain is a human skull, which the figure holds in both hands and apparently gloatsover. It bears on the base, in partially obliterated lettering, the words “Penrhyn Devil.” As the knocker is quite new, this faintness of lettering must, I think, be an attempt to correspond with an original. I have failed to find any legend connected with Penrhyn bearing on the matter, and shall feel obliged if any of your readers can help me. C. F. Dove. Homes or FoutsHoTttaw: JANET DIcK- son.—I should be very grateful for any information about the above, who are mentioned in the Historical Manuscripts Commission Report on the MSS. of Col. David Milne Home of Wedderburn Castle. No. 619 is a ‘‘ Disposition by James Broun- field of Quhythous, to Mr. John Home of Foulshotlaw and Janet Dickson his spouse (for whom Abraham Home in Kennet- sydeheid is cautioner) of the third part,” of certain lands of Hassington and the croft called Clerkeroft. Dated at Hassington, April 11, i634. Alexander and George, sons of Robert Dicksone of Stainfald, are among witnesses. Foulshotlaw is in the parish of Greenlaw. W. K. BENson. KincHorn oF FIREBURNMILL.—Margaret Kinghorn (or Nisbet), wife of James King- horn, farmer in ‘“ Fireburnmilne,’” was served heir general to her uncle Patric Home of Foulshotlaw, Aug. 20, 1741 (see ‘Service of Heirs in Scotland’). Fireburnmill is near Coldstream. I should be glad of further information about these Kinghorns. W. K. Brnson. The Corner House, Chobham Road, Woking, Surrey. Tur ConsTANT REFORMATION, FLAGSHIP: irs CHAPLAIN.—Sir Wm. Laird Clowes in his ‘ History of the Royal Navy,’ vol. ii. p. 124, says that the Constant Reformation, Prince | Rupert’s flagship, sank off the Azores in @ gale in September, 1651, Prince Rupert and a few others being saved by a small boat from the Honest Seaman; and he quotes Warburton’s ‘History of the Cavaliers,’ vol. iii. p. 383: ‘‘ At 9 p.m. the ship, burning two firepikes to give us notice of their departure, took leave of the world.” Eva Scott in ‘Rupert, Prince Palatine,’ says (p. 248) that the chaplain of the Constant Reformation refused to leave the sinking ship, called sll hands to Holy Communicn, and sank with them. Can anybody give the name of the chaplain? In searching the Muster Books at the P. R. O. for my ‘ List of Chaplains of the Royal Navy, 1626-1903,’ I did not find it. The Constant Reformation was one of the eleven ships carried over to the Prince of Wales by Admiral Batten in June, 1648, when he joined the Royalists in Holland. A. G. KEaty. Bedford. ‘AnTHOLOGIA GRa&cA ’: EpicteTus. — (a) Among nearly 100 epigrams translated from the ‘Anthologia Greca’ by Dr. Johnson, and published in vol. i. of his ‘Works’ (ed. A. Murphy, London, 1806), is one of which I cannot find the original :— Cogitat aut loquitur nil vir, nil cogitat uxor ; Felici thalamo non, puto, rixa strepit. (b) There are also the following lines, said to be translated from Epictetus :— Me, rex deorum, tuque duc, necessitas, Quo lege vestra vita me feret mea. Sequar libenter, sin reluctari velim, Fiam scelestus, nec tamen minus sequar. Can any one kindly direct me to the criginal Greek of these ? ; If any one would like to have the refer- ences to the ‘A. G.’ of the rest of Lr. Johnson’s versions, I shall. be pleased to give them. H. K. Sr. J. S. Ashfield, Bedford. Maw Famity.—In the Herald’s Visitation for Suffolk there is a pedigree in which it is stated that Symon Maw of Rendlesham (father of Leonard Maw, Bishop of Bath and Wells in 1621) was the son of John Maw of Epworth, gent. This John Maw would probably be living at Epworth about the year 1500. I should be glad of any notes concerning this family or any of its branches. In the Yorks Inquisitions the

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128. V. Jan., 1919.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 1] name of Mawe is found as early as 1271. I shalt be very grateful if any reader of ‘N. & Q.’ can inform me if the name Maw or Mawe occurs in early Lincolnshire records, as, if not, it is probable that the Maws of Epworth are of Yorkshire ex- traction. GERALD W. Maw, M.R.C.S. 30 Kempston Road, Bedfe. J. ‘Inpex Eccrestasticus, 1550-1800.’— The late Joseph Foster left a collection of MSS. for an ‘Index Ecclesiasticus’ from about 1550 to 1800. Can any reader say if this is still extant, and where it may be seen ? o. WF. St. Brees Atumni.—Can any reader say whether any work has been published dealing with the students and graduates of St. Bees College, Cumberland ? J. W. F. DISRAELI ON GLADSTONE.—In which of Disraeli’s works occurs the description of Gladstone as “‘a good man—in the worst sense of the word ’’ ? J. W. F. Niccoté pa Uzzano.—Can any reader tell me anything about Niccolé da Uzzano, whose bust by Donatello is in the National Museum at Florence ? BraDstow. [He was a Florentine statesman of the Guelph arty, and waged war against Visconti, Duke of Milan, from 1423 to 1428. He died in 1432.] JosePH CLOVER oF Norwicu.—“ Joseph Clover, Esq., late barrack-master at Nor- wich ” (1756-1824), was also a promoter of the first ‘‘ Swedenborgian ”’ congregation in that city. His son, another Joseph (1779- 1853), was a professional artist, and ex- hibited at the Royal Academy from 1804 to 1836. Were they, respectively, son and grandson to the ‘‘ Joseph Clover, 1725-1811, farrier, blacksmith in Norwich,” noticed in ‘D.N.B.,’ vol. xi. p. 131 ? CHARLES HicHam. 169 Grove Lane, S.E.5. “Daverpy”: “ Precntnesqur.” — In ‘The Little Man, and other Satires,’ by Jokn Galsworthy, p. 256, we read : “ garbed, if I remember, in a daverdy brown over- coat.” This word is not in the ‘ N.E.D.’ or the ‘Eng. Dialect Dict.’ There is a West-Country verb, to daver, to fade or wither, and the past participle, daver’d, is quoted. Does ‘‘ daverdy ”’ mean faded ? On 257 of the same work Mr. Gals- worthy uses the phrase ‘‘ matched his pipchinesque little old face.” I suppose this refers to the original illustration in ‘Dombey and Son.’ It is a great tribute to the dercriptive powers of Dickens and H. K. Browne to assume that modern readers will understand the meaning of this word. The puzzle is that the word is used to describe a delightfully amiable, childlike old man, with a “face that riveted attention. Thin, cherry-red, and wind-dried as old wood, it had a special sort of brightness, with its spikes and waves of silvery hair, and blue eyes that seemed to shine.” Mrs. Pipchin is described by; her creator as ‘*— marvellous ill-fayoured, ill-conditioned old lady, of a stooping figure, with a mottled face, like bad marble, a hook nose, and a hard grey eye, that looked as if it might have been hammered at on an anvil without sustaining any injury.” How can these descriptions be reconciled ¢ J. J. FREEMAN. Shepperton, S.0O. GrorGE POWELL, THE DRAMATIST.—I have recently obtained a copy of the ‘ Reliquie Wottoniane, 4th ed., 8vo, 1685, on the fly-leaf of which is written “E Libris Georgii Powell, 26th Decemb., 1692.” Iam desirous of learning whether there are extant any specimens of the handwriting of George Powell, the author of ‘The Treacherous Brothers’ (4to, 1690) and ‘ Bonduca’ (4to, 1696), with which I might compare my fiy-leaf inscription. . Cc. W. B. H. EARL OF BEACONSFIELD : THE FIRST LORD Lytton: Martin Turprr.—In ‘A Eook- man’s Letters,’ 1913, Sir W. Robertscn Nicoll has much about Mark Rutherferd (William Hale White), and quotes the follow- ing from his fugitive writings :— “Lord Lytton....drew a wonderful horoscope of his friend Benjamin Disraeli, in which by scme strange freak of fate nearly every one of the predictions was fulfilled.” ‘* Lord Beaconsfield, charmed, I suppose, by the mystery of the line, ‘A fool is bent upon a twig, but wise men dread a bandit,’ pensioned its author, Mr. Martin Tupper.” I should like to ask, as to the first, if anything is known of the horoscope, its showings and their fulfilment. As to the second, was not the author of the line given the late Sir W. 8S. Gilbert? He certainly included it in his ‘Bab Ballad’ of ‘ Ferdi- nando and Elvira; or, The Gentle Pieman ’ : Mister Close expressed a wisb that he could only get anigh to me ; And Mister Ma:tin Tupper sent the following reply to me: “ A fool is bent upon a twig, but wise men dread @ bandit,”— Which I know was very clever, but I didn’t understand. it.

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12 NOTES AND QUERIES. (128. V. Jan., 1919 I always understood that Gilbert’s rather famous line was written in derision of Tupper’s method and style, and should think it highly improbable that it was a more transcript from ‘ Proverbial Philo- sophy.’ But some one may, even at the present day, be able to say how this is. W. B. H. BURRELL, CENTENARIAN.—The Whitehall Evening Post, No. 2446 (Tuesday, Jan. 1, to Thursday, Jan. 3, 1733/4), has the following announcement: ‘‘On Wednesday last died at Sangate [sic] Castle William Burrell, aged 107 and some months.’ I shall be glad of information. R. J. FynNMoRE. Sandgate. AUSTRIAN MONEY COINED AT THE LONDON Mrnt.—It is said that at the time of our occupation of Abyssinia we found that Austrian Maria Theresa dollars were the principal current coin among the natives, and, for the purposes of the expedition, the British Government sought to purchase from Austria a number of these coins. As they had become obsolete, the Dual Monarchy lent us the original die, and by its use the required sum of silver was struck at the London Mint. Was this done under any special Act of Parliament or Order in Council, and what was the total value of coinage so issued ? J. Lanprear Lucas. NAPOLEON AND LorD JOHN RUSSELL.— Mr. G. W. E. Russell, in his recent book on ‘Prime Ministers and Some Others,’ refers to the fact of his unele, Lord John Russell, “conversing with Napoleon in his seclusion at Elba.”” What was the occasion and object of this interview ? J. LANDFEAR LUCAS. Glendora, Hindhead, Surrey **BaptrisTE -MANTUANI CARMELITE.’’— I have come across a copy of this poetical work, a crown octavo book lacking the title-page. The only clue is the following memorandum by a former owner :— ** This book was printed in the second year of the reign of Henry, VIII., and formed part of the library of that monarch, which is evident from the royal arms on the front cover, which in that form were only borne by King Henry VII. and VIII.” There is a further note to the effect that *“*The autograph on the back of this leaf is see of Dr. R. Farmer, author of a cele- sated work on Miracles, Demons, &c., to whom the book formerly belonged.” strong calf, gilt-edged, with clasped opening, gilded ornamental back, and distinctive lettering. At the bottom of the cover back is ‘‘ Paris, 1507.” Can any one supply identifying par- ticulars and title-page of this presumed early Parisian work ? I should feel thankful for any details. ANEURIN WILLIAMS. Menai View, North Road, Carnarvon. [The editions of the works of Battista Spag- nuoli, called Mantuanus, fill many columns in the B.M. Catalogue. Our correspondent’s book would seem to be one of the two following, which are the only octavo Paris editions of 1507 recorded. The Catalogue entry of the first is :— “ Begin. De calamitatibus liberi. Baa- tiste. [sic] Mant. carmelite’ Theologi....[end] In laudem Joannis Baptiste pro natali Carmen. Co’tra Poetas impudice loque’tes Carmen. Impressi rursus in e’dibus ascensianis : [Paris,] 1507. S8vo. 1070. d. 4.” This is supplemented by the note: ‘‘ Sig. t iiii-R and aa ii. These fragments and the ‘ Adolesce’tia,’ of the same date, apparently belong to the same collection.”’ The other entry runs :— ** Adolesce’tia seu Bucolica Baptiste Mantuani carmelite Theologi in decem e’glogas divisa et Epigra’mata ad Falcone’, &c. Ex e’dibus Ascensianis : [Paris,] 1507. 8vo. 1070. d. 3,’’ with the note ‘‘ Sig. AAA-HHH.”’ Two early renderings in English are the following : ‘‘ The Eglogs....turned into English Verse....by George Turbervile, Gent. London, 1567,”’ and ‘‘ The Bucolicks....Translated out of Iatine into English by Tho: Harvey, Gent. London, 1656.”’ The above indications will, we hope, enable Mr. WILxIAMs to identify his volume. ] Hon. Lieut. Grorce Stewart.—In Macclesfield churchyard is a _ gravestone which bears the following inscription :— “Sacred to the memory of the Hon. Lieut. George Stewart, 88th Reg., eldest son of Francis, the eighth Earl of Moray. Born at Drumsceuch, Edinburgh, Feby. 2nd, 1771; died in this parish, Nov. 19th, 1821, aged 50 years. Rest in Peace.” To whom does this refer? Burke’s ‘Peerage’ for 1916 gives the name of the 8th Earl of Moray as James, but that for 1871 gives it as Francis. Francis, the $th Earl, appears to have had twin sons born on Feb. 2,71771, namely, Francis, 10th Earl, and Archibald ; but no mention is made of a son George. CHARLES Drury. 12 Ranmoor Cliffe Road, Sheffield. EDMUND CLERKE, CLERK OF THE PRivy Seat. — Information wanted concern'ng the whereabouts and contents of the will of Edmund Clerke, Clerk of the Privy Seal, who died c. 1587. The will is not to be The volume for its venerable age has a found either in Somerset House or at comparatively fresh appearance; it is in! Winchester. A. B. MILNER.

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mw Ow a . Fe Cs = © 128. V. Jan., 1919. ] NOTES AND QUERIES. 13 Lakes PaAscHoLLER AND CALENDARI, NEAR Tuusis. — The ‘Swiss Tourist’ London, 1816) at p. 145 says :— ‘From Thusis the traveller should go to the village of Flerda, a league distant, situated at the foot of the mountains, and from there ascend Mount Heinsils, on one of the summits of which is the Lake of Pascholler. This lake is small, but very deep; on the approach of storms it boils in the same manner as Lake Calendari.”’ Then, dealing with the Via Mala (at p. 146), the same authority states :— ‘‘Two leagues from Ander is Lake Calendari» which boils furiously on the approach of storms ; it is less than Lake Pascholler, and the ebullition which takes place is still stronger.” Mount Heinsils is presumably Heinzen- berg. Where is Flerda, and where are the two lakes ? JoHN B. WAINEWRIGHT. Neate.—I should be glad of any in- formation about the following members of this family :— (1) Charles,son of Richard Neate of Lon- don, who graduated M.A. at Cambridge in 1769, and died March 5, 1782. (2) Charles, who was admitted to West- minster School in 1789. (3) Richard, son of Richard Neate of Hor- bury, Yorkshire, who gradiated LL.B. at Cambridge in 1759, and died Jan. 25, 1817. (4) Richard, who was admitted to West- minster School in 1774. (5) William, admitted to the same school in 1745, aged 8. G. F. R. B. NEwMAN.—Can correspondents give me any information about the following New- mans who were educated at Westminster Sehool ? (1) John, who graduated B.A. at Cam- bridge from St. John’s Coll. in 1754, and was ordained in 1756. (2) Thomas, admitted in 1718, aged 14. (3) Thomas, admitted in 1742, aged 11. (4) William, admitted in 1715, aged 13. (5) William, admitted in 1718, aged 12. G& F. R. B. PaTEen oR SALVER ?—Were patens origin- ally designed for domestic as well as for church purposes? Is there any instance of a paten that was once a piece of Com- munion plate having been diverted from that sacred use and added to a collection of household silver? The paten in which I am specially interested is 13 inches in diameter, has gadroon border, London mark, date 1690. It weighs about 31 oz. avoirdupois, and has a coat of arms in the centre. This piece of plate has until lately been supposed by its possessor to be @ salver, but its exact counterpart (with a different coat of arms) was on show recently in a loan exhibition and was described in the catalogue as a paten. I shall be grateful for information. (Miss) E. Cruwys SHARLAND. 25 Waldeck Street, Reading. Stacs “AND EGLaNTINE: ELIZABETHAN Court Story.—Can any reader suggest an explanation of the fact that two families of Elizabethan times had for crests stags which bore in their mouths, or wore as & chaplet around their necks, sprigs of honey- suckle or eglantine ?_ Is there any tradition as to the origin of the “eglantine” so borne on the crests of the families of Hardwick and of Suckling of Norfolk, as is suggested by the following, from the pen of a member of the Society of Antiquaries ? ‘*On a mount vert a stag current, gorged with a chaplet of roses, all proper. This crest belonged to the father of the famous Bess of Hardwick, ancestress of the Dukes of Devon- shire. At Hardwick there -is a remarkable table, made upon the occasion of her fourth marriage—that to the Earl of Shrewsbury— and ornate with armorial bearings, representa- tions of musical instruments, &c., inlaid in marqueterie over the entire surface of the table top. The date of the marriage was 1568, and the stag of Hardwick in profusion surrounds a central escutcheon bearing the verse :— The Redolent Smle Of Aglentyne We Stagges exavlt To the Deveyne, which modernized should be :— The redolent smell of eglantine We stags exalt to the divine. ‘The crest of the Sucklings is a stag current or, in the mouth a sprig of honeysuckle proper. Originally the stag was trippant, and the honeysuckle was absent; but the story is that Queen Elizabeth, when entertained at Norwich in 1578 by that town, conferred upon Alderman Robert Suckling the augmentation as a rebus on his name Suckling—colloquially the honey- suckle or woodbine. ‘‘There is the same idea, although quite unjustifiable, of a rebus connecting the name with the honeysuckle in the motto, namely, ‘Mora trahit periculum’ (‘Delay causes danger’). The motto is peculiar to the Sucklings, and would seem to have been chosen for the play on the similarity of the words periculum, ‘ danger,’ and periclymenum, honey- suckle or woodbine. “In each case we have an Elizabethan origin. In the one the Queen herself conferred the augmentation upon the stag; in the other the verse calling attention to it was the central ornament of the state table used at the marriage of her High Steward. Im each case a stag is adorned with one of the sweetest-smelling of our ones

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14 NOTES AND QUERIES. {iz 8. V. Jan., 1919. wild flowers, and the verse lays stress on the ‘ redolent smell.’ Shakespeare, in ‘ Cymbeline,’ (iV. ii. 223-4), follows with The leaf of eglantine, whom not to slander, Out-sweetened not thy breath ; end in the couplet (‘Midsummer Night’s bream,’ IT. i. 251-2) Quite over-canopied with luscious woodbine, With sweet musk-roses, and with eglantine, he brings the eglantine and woodbine or honey- suckle together, if, indeed, eglantine did not itself combine both sweetbriar and woodbine within the poetic meaning. Evidently the idea was that the stag should ‘ exalt,’ or make an offering of ‘ sweet savour’ to the divine. That side of the story is patent, but what was the story ? Why was the stag, to say nothing of the ‘stag current,’ in each case, to make the offering of the sweet-smelling herb? I think that it was astory of the Elizabethan Court, and, not improbably, a poetic compliment to herself.”’ OxLp East ANGLIAN. “Go to Exeter’: Mourper Triat.— Can any one help me to trace a story which I read in The Guardian some years ago in connexion with a murder trial ? Tn this the words “‘ Go to Exeter” are the key; and the sheltering in a church porch {at midnight?) during a thunderstorm, when the church elock struck thirteen, was another leading feature. +:These points would stick in the memory of any one who had read the story. It appeared in the obituary. notice of the gentleman who heard the voice in the night bidding him “ go to Exeter,’ and whose evidence was the means of procuring the release of the person accused of the murder. Some old subscriber to The Guardian who has kept his back numbers may be able to verify it. Variants of the story appeared in The Penny Post and in The Treasury, but it is The Guardian reference which I want if possible. J. B. OtpRoyp. Brantingham Vicarage, Brough, E. Yorks. (The story of the sentinel at Windsor, whose life was saved through his hearing the bell of St. Paul’s Cathedral strike thirteen, dates back to The Public Advertiser of June 22, 1770. See 5S. ix. 87, 114, 138, 156, 178, 198.] ‘Tsar Newcomss.’—In chap. viii. of ‘The Newcomes’ Thackeray has an ex- quisite account of Mrs. Hobson Newcome at home. He satirizes all “lions” in- discriminately, and yet with a loving hand. Has any one written a key of the whole chapter, identifying Dr. McGufiog, Prof. Bodgers, Count Poski, &e.? ‘The Newcomes’ was published in 1854-5, and its dramatic date was about 1833, ie., Thackeray seems to take in about 20 yeacs. Miss Pinnifer must be a good-humoured caricature of his bewildering friend Charlotte Bronté; and Miss Rudge might be Miss Margaret Fuller, or more probably Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe. W. A. Hirst. Crow-Fia.—This old name for rux vomica does not occur under ‘Crow’ in the ‘N. E. D.,’ but I find it in a quotation from Dr. Robert James (Dr. Johnson’s friend) under ‘Nux Vomica.’ I met with it recently in an article on the jubilee of the Pharmacy Act, 1868, in The Chemist ard Druggist, quoted from a Poison Bill intro- duced into Parliament in 1757. The name is doubtless due to the fact that, as Gerard says, nuxX vomica was used as a poison for crows. I should like to know where it first appears end when it went out of use. . Any other information bearing upon the subject will also be welcome. Cc. C. B. PRUDENTIUS’s ‘ PsycHoMAcHIA.’ — Can any of your readers inform me if the ‘Psychomachia’ of Prudentius has been translated into English verse? If so, by whom? This Latin poem is thought to be the foundation of the plots of all ‘‘ ccn- flict themes ”’ in our old morality plays. WitiiaM TAYLOR. AnpDREW B. Wricut, Locat Historian AnD Actor.—Information is sought re- garding the parentage, career, and death of Andrew B. Wright, who in 1823 published a useful ‘ History of Hexham.’ He is tradi- tionally said to have been a tragedian and the son of George Wright, also an aztor. J. C. Hopeson. Alnwick. Eciokre Famity oF Eqiokr, co. Wor- cEsTER.—I should be grateful if any one could tell me whether the Egioke family is extinct in the male line. There is @ monu- ment in St. Margaret’s Church,Westminster, with a Latin inscription to Francis Egioke of Egioke in the county of Worcester, who died in 1662. Lzeonarp C. Price. Essex Lodge, Ewell, Surrey. OrtincBury Famity.—Information is de- sired as to the whereabouts of court rolls, &e., of manors in the hundreds of Ham- fordshoe, Higham Ferrars, Nobottle Grove, Orlingbury, and Spelhoe, Northants. I shall also be glad to hear of stray wills, and to receive particulars of persons of the surname and its variants Orlyngbere, Orliber, Orlebar, between 1347 and 1560, especially the descendants of Sir Robert de -Orlingbury, a th 46 2h, 8 6 66 eee ok 86 26> See

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128. V. Jan., 1919.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 15 c. 1420, and his connexion, if any, with William de Orlyngbere of Norton by Daven- try, c. 1485, together with the parentage of George Orlyngbere of Eaton, who died 1553. J. H. Broom. No. 601, 329 High Holborn, W.C.1. GRAVES PLANTED WITH FLOWERS.—When did this custom come into vogue in Eng- land? Mrs. Piozzi, on the tour in Wales with Dr. Johnson, wrote in her diary for Aug. 19, 1774: “In this churchyard [Bangor Cathedral] I first saw a grave stuck with various flowers, a large bunch of rosemary in the middle” ; indicating that nothing of a more permanent nature than the strewing of flowers on the surface, to which Shakespeare and others allude, was familiar until the approach of the nineteenth century. W. B. H. AUTHOR OF QuoTaTION WANTED.— Death, at the bedside standing, Bade Love and Hope depart, But Faith, the All-Commanding, Seized Death and held his dart. Death urged, ‘‘ Give me the mother, If I leave you the child.” “Nay, nay. dear friend and brother, I must have both,” Faith smiled. D. MacPuat. Replies. SIR WALTER RALEIGH, EAST LONDONER. (12 S. iv. 296.) In the remarkable Raleigh Tercentenary celebrations in London, when “the Shep- herd of the Ocean”’ at length secured ‘a place in the sun,” there was nobody among the crowd “of eloquent eulogists to recall that Sir Walter Raleigh had good claims to be counted as an East Londoner ; that it was in Old Stepney that he was tutored for the great task of his adventurous life by his half-brother, who was a resident in what was even then “the nursery of English: seamen ’”’; and that men, arms, and muni- tioned vessels were there assembled for some of his exploits, and notably for the last fatal expedition to find the source of the gold of El Dorado for the greedy, impecunious, and ruseful Scot who had succeeded to the throne of the Virgin Queen. When Sir Walter Raleigh sailed ‘ from Limehouse ” on his third voyage to Guiana, in “a pinnace named the Watte,” he knew that landing-place on the Thames very well; it was, in fact, only an industrial -annexe of Old Ratcliff until the time of Queen Anne, when it was made into a parish. From 1573 to 1578 Sir Humphrey Gilbert, the famous Elizabethan soldier, sailor, discoverer, and colonizer—the half- brother of Walter Raleigh—lived “ in retire- ment at Limehouse,” for some reason not wholly explicable by any known records. That ‘retirement’ (with practical banish- ment from Court) was certainly not absolute, for Gilbert relates that he lost the greater part of the fortune he got with his wife in @ smelting and coppersmith’s venture in Limehouse, along with, among others, Thomas Smith, who thought he had found a way of turning iron into copper. During the winter of 1574, when Gilbert was asked by a visiting friend ‘‘ how he spent his time in this loitering vacation from martial stratagems,’ the host showed “sundry profitable and very commendable exercises which he had perfected with his pen.” Now, one of these was Gilbert’s ‘ Discourse for a New Passage to Cataia,’ which was written partly in support of his petition of November, 1566, for privileges from Queen Elizabeth concerning the discovery of a North-West Passage to Cathay. It took ten years to get this “ perfected” MS. into print, and it seems-to have been the chief incentive to the Queen’s letter -to the Muscovy Company: in 1574, calling upon that body either to dispatch another ex- pedition in this direction or to cede their privileges to other adventurers. The bearer of this letter was Martin Frobisher, to whom a licence was granted by the Com- pany, Feb. 3, 1575, together with. divers gentlemen associated with him. Out of this grew Frobisher’s three voyages in search of a North-West Passage, which the local patriots of Old Stepney justly regerd as East London enterprises, marshalled, manned, and stored in the old Port of London. When Sir Humphrey Gilbert got his charter from the Queen in June, 1578, it was not carried out as an East London enterprise, although, of course, Stepney seamen asso- ciates sailed under Gilbert’s pennon; and with him were Walter Raleigh, his half- brother, and several West-Country folk. And now, at long last, after the Raleigh tamasha has ended, it is conceded by the principal literary patron of the assembly that when Sir Walter Raleigh had schemes for the English empire of the sea, had projected a discovery of the North-West Passage, and dreamed of the occupation, in the Northern parts of America, of terri-

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16 NOTES AND QUERIES. (128. V. Jan., 1919. tories for Queen Elizabeth, ‘“‘his lodging was at Limehouse.’’ There “he sat among his maps and instruments,” and his dwelling “was at this time a resort of voyagers and venturers ; Frobisher and Davis were part- ners in his researches, and Raleigh, we may be sure, the aptest of learners.’’ There is local point of significance in the leading journal’s reminder that the royal charter of 1578 granted to Sir Humphrey Gilbert, Raleigh’s half-brother (under whom Raleigh served against the Spaniards in the Low Countries in 1577; and with whom he sailed in the first and less unfortunate expedition to Newfoundland), descended as by in- heritance to the younger man whom Gilbert helped to form. On March 25, 1584—a pregnant date in the history of the New World and the Old—Walter Raleigh, now in the first stages of his greatness and high in favour with Queen Elizabeth, obtained a@ new charter of discovery and colonization in place of the old. He was to send many more expeditions to Virginia before his fortunes fell, to lose all, and still to hope. Like the Scottish hero of a later day, he deemed that He either fears his fate too much, Or his deserts are small, Who dares not put it to the touch To gain or lose it all. For Sir Walter Raleigh, whatever his faults (and, under present-day conventions and environments, they were doubtless many), was @ patriot who believed, as, indeed, he wrote, “that man not worthy to live at all who for fear of danger or death shunneth his country’s service or his own honour, since Death is inevitable and the fame of Virtue immortal.” There are few who will dissent from Sir Sidney Lee’s considered judgment that Raleigh, as an explorer no less than in his numberless other spheres of activity, was the victim of great ideas and great speculations beyond his power to bring to fruition : In his interesting note Mc. mentions that Raleigh stayed at Blackwall. He also quotes: the words of ‘‘a Poplar antiquary, writing nearly seventy years ago,” with reference to an ancient house near Globe Stairs and opposite the Artichoke Tavern, which, according to tradition, “was suc- cessively occupied by Sebastian Cabot and Sir Walter.”” The antiquary’s description of the building, which follows, quite agrees with the appearance of a picturesque old tenement of which I possess a view taken in 1873. It is described on the back as ‘Sir Walter Raleigh’s House, Blackwall.’ I will add that it has two gables of wooden board- ing, and two lower stories of lath and plaster. Each projecting story is supported by massive carved brackets, those above having grotesque heads on them. I should think it was a good deal later than the time of Raleigh. Can any one give me the precise address of this house, which in all probability was destroyed before 1880 ? Pure NoRMAN. HENRY I.: A GLOUCESTER CHARTER. (12 S. iv. 149, 223, 279.) May I express my regret that for a con- siderable period ‘N. & Q.’ has been a sealed volume to me? Hence I was unaware of Mr. SwyNNERTON’S note on the (to me familiar) Henry I. (1127) charter, which I copied myself two or three years back, and was enabled to date to the above year, to which I think it certainly belongs, for the reason that its more perfect duplicate occurs in the Cambridge MS. of William of Malmes- bury’s ‘ Gesta Regum,’ dated “‘ ab Incarna- tione Domini m°c°xx°vi°”’ (apud Win- toniam). The editor (W. H. Hart) of the ‘ Hist. et Cart. 8. Petri Glouc.’ has treated the “‘ Judged, however, by the influence of his | Charter even more badly than Mr. Swyn- work on the future, his endeavours in the fields | NERTON describes, for, in addition to of exploration and colonization towered above} omitting the highly important witnesses, the rest of his achievement, and more rightly | he has miswritten ‘‘ Willelmus’”’ for Gisle- than any other Englishman may he be hailed as} the prophet and pioneer of the British Empire.” And so, sooner or later, we shall cee Sir Walter Raleigh high on that Roll of Honour in bertus (de Mineriis*), and printed ‘“‘affuerunt”’ ifor affiverunt as to Adam de Port and Villiam Fitz Otho—a ruinous change (cf. also ““monachos”’ for monachis). So much for enduring bronze (or gun-metal ?) which the! the date; but is there any reason why the London County Council design to upraise | modern spelling of Mynors should be at Ratcliff Cross ere King Edward’s : ado ted for magnates who certain! never Memorial Park at Shadwell—clo-e by— |! . : J comes into being, at the instanco of our | Sailor King. Mc. *Les Miniéres, Department of Eure in Nor- mandy. wae é&md ey se ee =~ = rA LS aoe 4 eh pete ae oh ti ae aot Ah es, Pe “o> © ot

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12-8. V. Jaw., 1919.) NOTES AND QUERIES. 17 so wrote their name? Surely, Miners is preferable. With regard to Henry’s charter addressed to Bishop Sampson of Worcester, quoted from the same cartulary (i. 235), there is another important variety of this, too, in the Cam- bridge MS. Instead of ending with the clause “ et concedo eis escambium de horto monachorum in quo turris mea sedet, sicut Walterus Vicecomes de Gloucestria eis liberavit,”’ it has ‘‘ teste Girmundo abbate Wincheleumbe et Rogerio de Gloecestra et Hugone Parvo.” Now this important change, I hold, at once affects the date of this charter like- wise ; for here we have Roger (doubtless dying) signing his gift near Falaise (1106) in the presence of two important witnesses : the Abbot of Winchcombe (1095-1122), and Hugh Little, one of his superior Norman tenants in Gloucestershire—-about whom I could say more. Further, the MS. cited gives the. following interesting passage :— “Is, in obsidione Fallesii telo arcubaliste graviter vulneratus in capite, donavit ecclcsie §. Petri de Gloecestra manerium quod appellatur Culna S. Andree,* et in hoc assensum et con- cessionem Regis, qui statim ad se widendum venerat, impetravit, ita quod manum ipsius cum eam hujus rei gratia deoscularetur, frontis g#anguine cruentavit.” These authorities were duly cited by Bishop Stubbs in his notes to William of Malmes- bury’s ‘Gesta Regum Anglorum,’ ii. 521-2 {Rolls Series). I could adduce others still, but for respect to the space of ‘N. & Q.’ This, therefore, places the King’s charter to the Bishop of Worcester in the year 1106 and (?) the month of September. What, then, are we to make of the statement in the ‘Gloucester Cartulary,’ i. 69, that the grant was made while the abbacy was vacant at Serlo’s death (7.e., 1104)? The latter is clearly a monkish mistake. I shall now produce the ‘ Confirmatio”’ by the King of Roger’s gift of the manor of Coln with its highly important array of witnesses—by which I venture to date it 1106-7, probably at Gloucester :— Henricus, dux Anglie, Sampsoni_ episcopo Wigorniensi et Waltero Vicecomiti de Glocestra, &e., salutem. Notum sit vobis quod dedi et concessi manerium de Culna ecclesie 8. Petri de Glocestra ad communem victum monachorum _sicut Rogerius de Glocestra eis dedit et concessit et sicut melius tenuit pro anima mea et uxoris mes et pro animabus antecessorum meorum et concedo eis escambium orti monachorum in quo turris * Called Coln Rogers to-day. mea sedet sicut Walterus Vicecomes de Glocestra eis liberavit. Signum Re-+¢gis. we Matildis Regine+ os Wald(rici) Cancellar’+(made Bisho of Laon, Nov. 1106, killed Ap. 25, 1112). ” Episcopi Dunelmensis+ (i.e., R. Flam- bard). oe Roberti Episcopi Lincol’ + Ricardi de Reveis-+(i.e., R. de Reviets, ancestor of the Courtneys). a Da-+ vid. aa Roberti Comitis de Mellent+ Mr. Round has shown (‘ Feudal England,’ 481) that the last known appearance of Waldric the Chancellor ocewrs in a Roven charter of November, 1106. The above, unfortunately, is not from the original deed itself. It is sufficient, however, to bring Roger’s decease and the King’s ‘“ Cor- firmatio’”’ very close together. Roger de Gloucester was brother to Herbert (who predeceased him), and cousin to Walter the Sheriff. His transactions in- clude one with Serlo (d. 1104), the Abbot of St. Peter’s (Glos.), by which he took over certain land in Westbury-on-Severn in fee (but without tithe of water or woodland) from the monks, and gave in exchange (in alms) Sandhurst and Atteley (i.e., Hatherley), and land belonging to Ulfketil. With the claim of De Miners, with the Editor’s leave, I will deal under a fresh heading. St. CramR BaDDELEY. The full text of the notification (‘ Glouces- ter Cartulary,’ Roils Ser., No. cxi.), printed by Mr. SwynNERTON at iv. 280, shows, I think, that he has misunderstood this docu- ment. The Cartulary heading—‘ Culna Rogerii’’—is misleading, as it applies only to the first part; the second part, begin- ning ‘‘ et concedo,” is the confirmation of a different transaction. Thus the King con- firms :— 1. The grant of Coln by Roger de Glou- cester. 2. The grant (of land unspecified) by Walter de Gloucester in exchange for the monks’ garden in which the King’s tower stands. Escambium does not refer to Culna, and the clause ‘‘sicut Walterus vicecomes de Gloucestria eis liberavit” refers not to horto, but to escambium, the wording implying that Walter made the exchange as sheriff, not from his own property. This conclusion sent me to the ‘ Gloucester Cartulary ’ to discover what it was that the monks received in exchange for their garden.

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18 _ NOTES AND QUERIES. (128. V. Jan., 1919, It is recorded in the List of Donations | (i. 59) :— De Ablode et Paygrave. Henricus rex senior dedit Deo et Sancto Petro Gloucestrie et monachis ejusdem loci Ablode, et gravam de Bertona que vocatur Paygrave in escambium pro placea ubi nunc turris stat Glou- cestris, ubi quondam fuit hortus monachorum anno regni regis Henrici ejusdem nono, tempore domni Petri abbatis. . The vrinted text puts a comma after abbatis, and continues, ‘‘de sex sellionibus retro curiam de Ablode,” which is unintelligible. TI have no doubt that this clause was intended as @ heading for the remainder of the paragraph, which records the gift of ‘‘ sex selliones terre retro curiam de Ablode”’ by Ralf de Wylintone and his wife. Although the eccentric punctuation appears to connect the date with the existence of the garden, we may assume that it was the grant in exchange therefor which took place in 9 Hen. I.; yet the editor (i. 318) assigns the wide date-limits 1100- 1112 to the corresponding writ (No. ccxct.):— De Grava que dicitur Peygrave. Henricus, rex Angliz [sic], Sampsoni [Wigorni- ensi] episcopo, et Waltero vicecomiti de Glouces- tria, et baronibus Francis et Anglis de Glouces- tresyra, salutem. Precipio quod monachi de Gloucestria habeant gravam in bertona mea cum terra quam dedi eis pro escambio terre ubi turris mea sedet, et volo ut bene et honorifice teneant. The succeeding charter (ccxctt.) is wrongly headed ‘‘Confirmatio ejusdem.” It has nothing to do with the King’s grant, being a confirmation by Robert, Earl of Gloucester, of a grant by Richard fitz Neel, and is a duplicate of No. pixxm., confirming DLXXtI. (ii. 89). To revert to the List of Donations: the grant of Coln is recorded thus (i. 69) :— De Culna Rogeri. Anno Domini millesimo centesimo quvinto, Rogerus de Gloucestria miles, apud_ Waleyson graviter vulneratus, dedit monachis Gloucestris pro anima suain montanis Culnam que vocatur Cuina Rogeri, rege Henrico confirmante, abbatia vacante per mortem Serlonis abbatis. What is the meaning of “in montanis” ? Can montanis be a wrong extension of some part of morior ?. In the List of Donors we have consecutive entries (i. 123) :— ‘* Rogerus de Gloucestria dedit Culnam Rogeri, ** Walterus vicecomes liberavit nobis Abbelode | per preceptum Henrici regis pro excambisa.”’ | It is quite clear that Roger’s gift of Coln | had nothing to do with the monks’ garden. | Or the other hand, if the grant of Ablode | and Paygrave Wood were made in 1109, | Mr. SwyYNNERTON is very likely right in holding that No. cxii. passed at the same time as the charter to the canons of St. Oswald in Round’s ‘ Ancient Charters’ (No. 3). (It is worth noting that the canons also had, or claimed, rights in Ablode, a dispute between the two houses abouf the tithes of ‘‘ Abbe- lode,” and other matters, being settled in 1218—i. 25.) How untrustworthy is the Cartulary text, as printed, may be seen by comparing the following charter, No. cxuit., with the text printed by Mr. Swynnerton from the original charter (12 8. iv. 149). In the Cartulary this valuable record is rendered unintelligible by reading ‘‘ Willelmus” in- stead of Gislebertus where the original has “qd Gis’t’? versus eos & Abbate’ suum clamabat.’’ Angl’ is extended as ‘‘ Angliz ” instead of Anglorum ; monachis is given as ‘*monachos”’; and there are minor errors. G. H. Warts. 23 Weighton Road, Anerley, S.E. War Srana: Reomentat NIcKNAMES (12 8S. iv. 271, 306, 333).—As explained in a recently published book entitled ‘ Behind the Barrage,’ by Mr. George Goodchild, ‘scrounge’ appears to be used in a much broader sense than that conveyed by my friend Mr. Sparkn’s explanation (iv. 307). Mr. Goodchild, in the book referred to, deals with the life and work of a gunner, and as an officer in a heavy battery he had ample opportunity of acquiring first-hand knowledge. His book is one of the most realistic specimens of war literature that it has been my pleasure to read, Mr. Good- child, on p. 94, writing of the various duties performed by the signalling party of which he was in charge, says :— ‘In the category of ‘ odd jobs’ came ‘ scroung- ing.’ ‘Scrounging’ is eloquent armyese—it covers pilfering, commandeering, ‘ pinching,’ and many other familiar terms. You may scrounge for rations, kit, pay, or leave. Signallers are experts at it, and they usvally scrounge for wire. Scrounging for wire is legitimized by the War Office, and called by the gentler name of ‘salving.’ We were informed it was our duty to economize in the cost of the war by salving the wire that was disconnected by shell fire, or which appeared to be serving no useful purpose. We had first to ‘ tap it’ on the line with a field tele- phone, and if we got no response the wire was ours....We made ‘scrounging’ a daily affair, and not infrequently ‘ scrounged’ wire that was not disconnected and belonged to other batteries.” Further on he writes: “‘ They [the men] serounged round for a nice shell-hole, rigged a bit of tarpaulin over it, and called it ‘ billets.’ ” .

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128. V. Jan., 1919.] ‘' NOTES AND QUERIES. 19 Eyewash.—I have not seen this word noted in your columns. It is apparently used to denote anything that is exaggerated or calculated to deceive or mislead. Any portion of an official document, or a list of regulations, which is not of vital importance, is designated ‘‘eyewash.”’ So also are complimentary remarks, either true or otherwise. H. Tapiey-Sorer. Exeter City Library. In sending another list of war words may I be permitted to point out that the spelling of the words in this and the first list is that given by the Tommies in France, and not mine? I hope that Sm Ricuarp TEMPLE will continue to give derivations of any Indian words in this list, and that other correspondents will add to it and explain any obscure words therein. Though some of the words may not be new, as “ clink ”’ end ‘‘ chink,” they have lain in obscurity, and have only come into common usage during the War and where soldiers do con- gregate. Toothpick, persuader, toasting-fork.—Bayonet. Ticklers.—Improvised bombs made in ‘“ Tick- ler’s”’ jam tins. Aeroplanes.—Buses. Archies.— Anti-aircraft guns. Funk-hole.—Dug-out or shelter. Emma Gee.—Machine gun, from the initial letters M.G. as pronounced by the signallers. Jam on it.—Similar to ‘‘ cushy job” ; something nice and casy. ’ On the wire-—When a man is wanted and cannot be found. 3, Por the jumps.— To go for trial for any offence. No bonne.—No good ; useless. _ Windy.—Frightened ; nervous. Drum-up.—* I’ve some sugar. If and hot water we'll have a ‘ drum-up. ‘ ag your skates on. — Get clear, to evade duty. Crawling, creeping, squaring.—Buying favours. Moosh.—Guard-room. Chewing the fat.—Iault-finding. Rumble, v.—To disturb or annoy. Taped oif.—Take the measure of a man. Knock the end in.—Spoil the whole thing. Spruce, v.—To deceive. Sweating.—Getting warm, probably from the game of hide-and-seek. Getting excited. Shot up the back.—Put hors de combat by some saily. Found out. : Put dots on one.—To bore or tire. Put a jerk in it.—Smarten your actions. Minnie.—A shell from a JMinenwerfer. Diggers.—Australians. A man working a searchlight is said to be on the “pictures” or “movies”; one risking a great deal, or playing a losing hazard, is “ chancing his mit.” you get tea ARCHIBALD, SPARKE. A few evenings ago I was walking to the railway station with an Australian soldier on leave from France. In the semi-darkness we met two Tommies, one of whom saluted my companion with ‘“‘ Good-night, Digger.” My friend said that Digger was the name he had always heard in France applied to Australians, and that ‘‘ Bill Jim,’ used in some Australian papers, was quite un- familiar to him. J. R. THORNE. As some old regimental nicknames are printed by Mr. Sparke at the second reference, it is worth while to draw attention to 9S. v. 104, 161, 224, 263, 377, 438. For mottoes see ibid., p. 389. Nicknames and mottces are given in John §. Farmer’s ‘Regimental Records of the British Army,’ 1901; and in ‘ Regi- mental Nicknames and Traditions of the British Army,’ published by Gale & Polden, 3rd ed., 1891; 4th ed., 1915. Care should, I think, be taken to dis- tinguish the battalions in linked-battalion regiments. Notably nicknames derived from regimental numbers are not applicable to both battalions ; e.g., ‘‘ The Three Tens ” (20th Regiment) is not applicable to “ The Lily-Whites ” (5$th Regiment), though these: two regiments are the Ist and 2nd Battalions of the East Lancashire Regiment. Although the Territorial titles were given as long ago as 1881, I believe that many of the regi- ments or battalions cling to-day, un- officially, to their old numbers. RoBert PIERPOINT. LINES UNDER A CruciFIx (12 §. iv. 297).— There seems to be little doubt, from the respective passages transcribed from Weever and Fynes Moryson by Pror. BENSLY, that the two seventeenth-century writers had, consciously or unconsciously, a common original. The date of that (obviously pre- Reformation) is not determined. There is & rare old book in Scots orthography—pub- lished in’ English -seventeen years earlier than Moryson’s and thirty-one years earlier than Weever’s—which it will not be un- interesting to cite here for the sake of some verses which it contains, in the nature of a doctrinal descant. The stout little volume in question (444 pp. plus 20) is entitled ‘\& | Facile Traictise |Contenand first ane infallible reul | to discerne trew from fals religion | Nixt, a declaration of the Nature, Num | ber, Vertew & effects of the Sacraments | togider with certaine Prayers of deaotion. | Dedicat to his soverain | Prince the Kings Maiestie | of Scotland, ee

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20 NOTES AND QUERIES. (128. V. Jan., 1919. King James the Saxt. | Be Maister Jhone Hamil- ton Doctor in | Theologie. | At Louvan | Im- printed be Laurence Kellam | Anno Dom. mpc.”’ ‘This is the priest and scholar John Hamilton, active in the cause of Queen Mary Stuart and in the opposition to Henry of Navarre, who lived the hunted life usual to recusants, and died in prison in 1609. Following the last section of the book, entitled ‘A Cata- logue of Heresies,’ we come upon a poem “Composit be L.F.S.E.B.C.P.,” and there- fore not Hamilton’s own. It is headed :— ‘“‘ The Trew Use of the Crucifix : with a detection of....lies (1) That the crucifix and vther Images of Christs [sic] and of his Saincts and Angels are Idols ; (2) That the Catholiks adoris thame for their God.’’ Below is a woodcut of a Calvary, with this tag: “A comfortable standart to Catholiks And feirful to Sathan and his supposts.” Lastly, the dialect lyric :— In passing be the Crucifix dore upon thy knie Nocht it, bot Christ whome it presents, With all humilitie : For God is he whome it raports ; No image God can be! Adore what thow beholdis in it: Tak it for memorie. Caluin dou say that we transgres Ane of the ten commands Whilk bearis we suld adore na thing Wrocht be the grauers hands. ‘We do confirme what he dois say, And knawis better nor he What difference is of God aboue From clay, from stone or trie. So wha to Idols dois Compair he image of our lord That he ane fals God is? as thay Thairto be maist accord. For nather stok nor stone wil we [T]o worschep nor adore, Bot him whais image they present Wha sits in heauenlie gloire. Than when 3e sie the crucifix _ Give prayse to Christ (I say, 3e guid and constant catholiks In hymnes and cantiques ay), Wha be his figure on the croce Presents unto 3our eies His woundis, his forme, his passion, His bluidie sacrifice. | So it ends, though there is more of it | ‘than is here given. At the bottom are the | string of difficult initials already quoted, | and a charming colophon: ‘‘ Excuse, guid | reider, the erreurs committit in ye préting: | Considder the difficultie to prent our langage , in a strage countrey. God Keip 3ow!” No one can reasonably doubt that the | maker of this rough serviceable rhyme, ' ossibly a fellow - exile of Hamilton’s at ouvain, was familiar with the old rood- screen inscriptions cited by Pror. BENSLY. The eight lines with which the Scotsman leads off are to all intents and purposes a close translation of Effigiem Christi dum transis semper honora, Non tamen effigiem, sed quem designat adora: Nam Deus est quod imago docet, sed non Deus ipsa ; Hanc videas, et mente colas quod cernis in illa. The vernacular muse had a hard time of it, A.D. 1600, with Kellam’s printers, and the author himself leaves something to be desired in the way of suavity; but the apologetic is of the best. L. I. GuUINEY. Dessin’s Hoter, Carats (12 S. iv. 187, 248).—The following extracts from old guide-books, &c., give some information :— ‘« he most superb inn is the hotel formerly the celebrated Dessin’s, Rue Royale. The apart- ments are elegant and the accommodation every thing that can be wished; but the charge is proportionable, and will not suit every pocket.”— ‘A New Picture of Paris,’ by Edward Planta, 15th ed., London, 1827, p. 24, s.v. Calais Inns. (Apparently ‘“‘formerly”’ refers to Dessin, the original innkeeper.) “At Dessin’s Hotel, is still shown a room in which it is said Sterne wrote part of his ‘ Senti- mental Journey.’ Over the door is the following inscription, ‘This is Sterne’s Room.’ ’’—Ibid., p. 30. ‘““The inns of Calais are excellent. The Hétel Dessin is mentioned by Sterne in his ‘ Sentimental Journey.’ King George IV slept here on his way to Hanover, in 18238, as did the Duke of Northum- berland, when proceeding to Rheims as the representative of his Britannic Majesty at the Coronation of King Charles X. It is the finest house in Calais, and presents every comfort that travellers can desire, including baths, a theatre, music, and a fine garden.’’—‘ Galignani’s Tra- veller’s Guide through France,’ 9th ed., Paris, 1828, p. 631. “The far-famed inn, Desseins, still exists, and with very superior accommodations [sic], for which the guests must pay, but the charges are not unreasonable. It is situated in the Rue Royale, where, in imitation of Dover, a small foot-path of flat stones is placed, to the astonish- ment of all France, such a phenomenon having scarcely elsewhere obtruded itself.”—‘ The New Picture of Paris,’ by Peter Hervé, Esq., and M. Galignani, 4th ed., London, 1829, p. 25. In ‘ Bradshaw’s....Continental Railway ....Guide’ of November, 1864, p. 562, among the advertisements is one of the ‘* Hotel Dessein.—L. Dessein, the Proprietor, has the honour to inform his numerous patrons, and travellers in general, that since the Ist of January, 1861, his establishment has been trans- ferred to the Hotel Quillac, which has been entirely newly done-up, and which has taken the name of ‘ Hotel Dessein.’ The premises of the old Hotel verted Qui in the quote Wh cold te I dor hotel Dessir advert L Ind Sept. The inform howev spond which mentic “ On Calais, of whit the pr edited 1918). For Sterne Son (12 S. instant daught British This i geogra worth British the R« Sulis. Minerv dedicat which * Anto1 spellin;

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12 8. V. Jan., 1919.) NOTES AND QUERIES. 21 Dessein having been purchased by the town of Calais, it ceases to be an hotel for travellers.” In the guide part of the book, p. 256, it is said that the ‘* Hotel Dessein is now transferred to the premises of the old Hotel Quillac....the latter ceases to be an hotel, and the former takes its place as the | Hotel Dessein.”’ This no doubt means that Quillac as the name was changed into Dessein. In Murray’s ‘Handbook for France,’ 1th ed., 1886, part i. p. 3, is the following :— “Hotel Dessin (formerly Quillac’s), uncom- fortable—the Hotel Dessin, where Sterne and Sir Walter Scott lodged in Rue Royale, is con- verted into Baths, a Museum, and Schools.” Quillacq’s [sic], as well as Dessin’s, appears in the ‘ Traveller's Guide through France,’ quoted above. . Whether the old house of Dessin’s Hotel, sold to the town in or about 1860, still stands I do not know, nor do I know whether any hotel in Calais is now named Dessein or Dessin. The name does not appear in the adverticements of the Calais hotels in L’indicateur des Chemins de Fer (Chaizx) of Sept. 21-27, 1913. RoBERT PIERPOINT. The replies to my query give all the information one could wish for. It is, however, curious that none of your corre- spondents give the name of the house, of which I was ignorent. I find that it is mentioned by William Hickey, who writes :— “On the 12th of October [1776] we reached Calais, putting up at the far-famed Lion d’Argent, of which hotel the voluble Monsieur Dessein was the proprietor.”—‘ Memoirs of William Hickey,’ fog by Alfred Spencer, ii. $4 (Hurst & Blackett, For the spelling of the name as “‘ Dessein ”’ Sterne is, of course, responsible. 2. BSD, Sot as a Woman’s Name IN ENGLAND (12 S. iv. 133).--W. J. B. writes: ‘ One instance is believed to be an abbess, or daughter of some pre-Norman, Saxon, or British queen in Somerset or thereabouts.”’ This is not a very cefinite clue, but the geographical indication makes it, perhaps, worth suggesting that the instance is the British goddess Sul or Sulis, after whom the Roman city of Bath was named: Aquz Sulis. The Romans identified her with Minerva, and her name is found in several dedicatory inscriptions at Bath. An error which affected some manuscripts of the ‘Antonine Itinerary’ gave rise to the mis- spelling “ Aquz Solis.” | Wissowa ‘ Realencyclopidie’ under ‘ Aque,” No. 31, and the ‘Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum,’ vol. vii., edited by Hiibrer, pp. 24 sqq. It may be added that a goddess Sol (20d) is mentioned on a Greek in- | scription from the Bosphorus, of 152 s.p. | An attempt was made at one time to connect her name with that of the British deity. See Roscher’s ‘ Lexicon,’ part 66, col. 1153. Epwarp BENSLY. University College, Aberystwyth. RicHarp I. in Captivity (12 S. iv. 303).— 'Lingard in his ‘History of England,’ | ii. 268-70, says that Richard ‘“‘ was driven | by a storm to the coast of Istria, between Aquileia and Venice, and proceeded towards Goritz (Gorizia), the residence of Maynard, a nephew of Conrad.” He got as far as Erperg, a suburb of Vienna, where he was captured and imprisoned by the Duke of Austria. Later he was delivered over to the Emperor Henry VI., who confined him in a castle in the Tyrol till Queen Eleanor, his mother, obtained his release through the mediation of the Pope. : N. W. Hitt. W. E. Flaherty in the ‘ Annals of England ’ (1858), vol. i. pp. 275-6, writes :— ‘‘a.p. 1192....The king’s fleet reaches Sicily, but his own vessel is driven to Corfu, Nov. 11: he is soon after shipwrecked in the upper part of the Adriatic, and attempts to make his way in disguise as Hugh the merchant. He at length reaches Erperg, near Vienna, where, bein recognized, he is seized by Leopold, duke _o Austria, Dec. 20. The emperor (Henry VI.) claims the custody of Richard, Dec. 28, and confines him in a castle in the Tyrol. ‘“‘a.p. 1193. Richard’s prison is discovered by Longchamp; the queen-mother appeals to the pope (Celestine III.), who excommunicates his oppressors, but fails to obtain his freedom. Richard is brought before the diet at Hagenau, about Easter (Mar. 28), when he clears himself by oath from the murder of Conrad ; a heavy sum is settled for his ransom, June 28.... “avy. 1194....The German princes compel the emperor, against his will, to release Richard, who is set at liberty, Feb. 4.” JoHN B. WAINEWRIGHT. Craces and Nicrorson Famiries (12 S$. iv. 220, 310).—There is a pedigree of the Craggs and Eliot family in Hasted’s ‘ History of Kent,’ i. 138, which was communicated by the Earl of St. Germains. This shows no connexion between the Craggs and Nicholson families. I have a pedigree of the Craggs family, much fuller than the above, from local (Durham) records and See the Pauly- | registers, and it has no connexions with the

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22 | NOTES AND QUERIES. (128. V. Jan., 1919. Nicholsons, Ferdinand {Craggs, ‘‘ guessed ” as the father of Margaret Craggs, died un- msried in 1749, and was buried in Wolsing- ham Churchyard in this county (Durham). A handsome marble monument to him and other members of the family was destroyed before 1800. Margaret Craggs (?) (afterwards Nichol- son) was born in November, 1718, and must ‘jhave belonged to some other generation, for Ferdinand (b. 1671, d. 1749) and the Rt. Hon. James (b. 1657, d. 1721) were the only sons. The father of the two latter was Anthony. He had four brothers: ‘Thomas, John, George, and William. Thomas died s.p. Was Margaret not a grandchild of one of the other three? I cannot follow their descent. Thomas, the father of An- thony, registered his pedigree in 1615, but Anthony did not do so in 1665. As Margaret is called first cousin of Secretary Craggs, at is more than probable that her surname was not Cragzs. J. W. Fawcett. Consett, co. Durham. 4. dA S ARISTOTLE ON THE GREEK TEMPERAMENT {12 S. iv. 302).—In the ‘ Politics,’ book iv. (=vii. formerly), chap. vii. (vol. iii. p. 46 of W. Newman’s edition), Aristotle affirms that the races who live in cold districts, and in particular those in Europe, abound in .spirit (Oupds), but are deficient in intellect (d:dvoie) and skill (réxvn), while those in Asia are Stavontixa paev Kat TEXVLKG Thy puxiv, GOvpa 6 Tho Greeks, he goes ‘on to say, being between the two divisions geographically, share the qualities of both, for they are spirited and intellectual. This is presumably the place referred to in Jebb’s ‘ Primer of Greek Literature.’ Epwarp BENSsLy. ** HEATER-SHAPED ” (12 S. iv. 270).—In the Trans. Hist. Soc. Lancs. and Ches. for 1888 (vol. xl.), in a paper on ‘ Book-Plates, with a Proposed Nomenclature for the Shapes of Shields,’ Mr. J. P. Rylands, F.S.A., states (p. 13) that it was troublesome to be obliged, when describing the shape of a shield, to sketch it, and it had occurred to him that by inventing a nomenclature for the forms of shields trouble might be saved. He gives a plate showing various shapes of shields, ‘‘ and the arbitrary names which I suggest should be assigned to them.” Shield 5 is the shape of the heater in a hot iron, and is labelled ‘‘ heater.’’ In the next volume (xli.), in a paper by George Graze- brook, F.S.A., on the shapes of heraldic shields, the writer states (p. 11) his intention of using “‘ the new system of nomenclature devised and introduced by....Mr. J. Paul Rylands,” and bears testimony to its great usefulness as a simple alphabet of shapes, so convenient that it will come into general use. R. 8. B. In ‘Monumental Brasses and Slabs,’ by the Rev. Chas. Boutell, 1847, p. 37, the shield of Sir —— de Bacon, Gorleston, Suffolk, is described by this word. H. K. $1. J. 8. ANCIENT ORDER OF ForESTERS: BLUE Eyz (12 8. iv. 300).—The all-seeing eye has come down from the Egyptians as a symbol of providence ; and in heraldry it signifies provident government, in which ‘sense it has been appropriated by benefit societies, &c. Somewhat fancifully, blue is said to indicate wisdom; green, power; and red, love ; elsewhere the equivalents are given as red, fire; blue, air; and green, earth; but no meaning seems to attach to any colour chosen as tint of an eye. W. B. H. MERCHANT MARKS AND ANCIENT FINGER- Rinas (12 S. iv. 301).—‘ Rings for the Finger,’ by G. F. Kunz (Lippincott, 1917), may serve your correspondent’s purpose. Well-to-do merchants of medieval times, not entitled to armorial bearings, often had special individual ‘marks or symbols en- graved upon their signets. This custom obtained on the Continent as well as in England, and allusion is made in ‘ Piers Plowman,’ a poem of the fourteenth cen- tury, to ‘“‘merchantes merkes ymedeled in glasse.”’ Probably emblems of this kind came to have a certain association with the business, which in many cases descended from father to son through a number of generations. ARCHIBALD SPARKE. Mr. SwITHINBANK will find many hundreds of marks figured in the publications of the Norfolk and Norwich Archeological Society (1850), vol. iii. part ii. ; the British Archeo- logical Association (1893), vol. xliv. part i. ; the Clifton Antiquarian Club, vols. iii. and vii.; the Devonshire Association for the Advancement of Science (1891), vol. xxiii. ; and the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire (1910), vol. Ixii., where references are given to various British and_ foreign works on marks. In the Guildhall Library, London (MSS., Nos. 1105, and 1106), there are the large collections of merchants’ marks formed by the late Dr. J. J. Howard and Mr. Frost. J. P. R. 12 § Sor subje pape! not \ of tl Assov Free Anot prove Norg a ti innw othe woul Ne marl Anti vol. pp. mere foun send his 1 the - 205 R Can Ven (Ma “ { 1888 anal Orde and On, | by s ‘Tor take for | sup] old « The 2 186! St. W. goes pein arti 1e2¢ 1827 bitic 24tl Cha the him:

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12 §. V. Jan., 1919.) NOTES AND QUERIES. 23 Some well-illustrated information on the | subject of merchant marks is given in a paper read in October, 1915, by Mr. Arbuth- not Murray, and published in the Proceedings of the R. W. Masters and Past Masters Association, under the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Scotland. Another source of information which might prove useful is ‘The Lost Language of Symbolism,’ by Harold Bayley (Williams & Norgate, 1912). Is the querist satisfied that the mark is a ‘merehant’s mark,” and not one of the innumerable symbolical devices used in other connexions? A _ description of it would perhaps help in deciding the point. ARTHUR BOwEs. Newton-le-Willows, Lancs. Two papers on the subject of merchant marks have been read before the Clifton Antiquarian Society: one is printed in vol. ili. pp. 1 to 4, and the other in vol. vii. pp. 97 to 194. I have not read them, but merely made a note that they are to be found there. If your contributor cares to send me a wax impression or a drawing of his ring, I will try to identify it for him at the Bristol Reference Library. Wm. SANIGAR. 205 Avon Vale Road, Barton Hill, Bristol. Rev. Sim Rospert Prat (12 S. iv. 303).— Canon Mgr. A. Mifsud in his book ‘ The Venerable Tongue of England in Malta’ (Malta, 1914), at pp. 288-9, writes as follows ; ** Queen Victoria, by her charter of the 14th May, 1888, created an Order of St. John of Jerusalem, analogous to, but independent of, the ancient Order of St. John of Jerusalem called ‘ of Malta,’ and without any connexion with, or dependency on, the same. This new creation has been held by some to constitute a re-integration of the old ‘Tongue of England.’ The negotiations under- taken by French Knights of the Order, in 1814, for the revival of the Tongue of England are pr aa to link this modern institution with the old one.” Then in a note Canon Mifsud refers to R. Bigsby’s ‘ Memoii of the Order’ (Derby, 1869), and to ‘ The Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem’ (London, 1902), by W. M. R. Bedford and R. Holbeche. He goes on :— ‘‘In support of this contention the following peints are set forth: that a convention, based on articles drawn up for the purpose on the 11th June, 1226, and on the 24th August and 15th October, 1527, was entered ; that an alleged formal recog- nition of the re-established Tongue took place on 24th January, 1831, when Sir Robert Peat, Chaplain extraordinary to H.M. George IV., and the holder of a Rectory in Middlesex, installed himself as Grand Prior of the Tongue of England in the presence of the Chevalier Philip Chastelaim and of Mr. Donald Currie, who, by instrument. issued by the French Knights on the 14th Decem-- ber, 1827, had been deputed to inaugurate the installation. It is a fact that the said Sir Robert Peat, on 24th February, 1834, deemed it his duty to present himself in one of the Chanceries of the: Royal Courts to take the oath of administration of the Grand Priory, notwithstanding that his case did not appear to be contemplated by the Statute of George LV. c. 17 prescribing oaths of office, and much less was such procedure in any way required by the Statute of Philip and Mary invoked by him. Mr. Cecil Lorr [Torr], in a communication to The Atheneum, No. 3267 of 7th June, 1890, has proved that these contentions were untenable.”’ JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT. From obituary notices in The Genile- man’s Magazine for August, 1837, and ‘The Annual Register,’ it appears that the: Rev. Robert Peat had no English title, and took the style of ‘Sir’ from permission given him by George ITI. to wear the Polish decoration. Rector of Ashley-cum-Silverley and Vicar of Kirtling, co. Cambridge, he was at some time chaplain to, and in the confidence of, the Prince Regent, who pro- cured him the living of New Brentford, where he died, April 20, 1837, aged 65. He was author of a published sermon on the Thanksgiving Day for the Peace, 1814, and is erroneously referred to in a work pub- lished in his lifetime as a baronet. His name is not in the knights’ lists, and he was never ‘‘ Prior of the Sovereign Order of St. John of Jerusalem” ; he became an ordinary member of that Order on Nov. 11, 1830. W. B. H. In 1801 the Rev. Robert Peat, D.D., was chaplain to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales I find him so described in the records of a Masonic lodge which he joined in that year. He was knighted, probably, before 1808, as, I think, he is called Sir Robert Peat in the lodge records of that year, but I have no note on the point. C. W. Frresrace, Capt. In Mr. H. W. Fincham’s ‘ History of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem in England ’ the name of Sir Robert Peat appears first on the list of ‘‘ the Grand Priors” after the revival of the Order in England ; and it is there noted that he “‘ took the oath De fidele administratione’’ before the Lord Chici Justice of England on Feb. 24, 1834, having been elected Grand Prior at a Chapter General of the English Langue held in January, 1831. Sir Robert died April 21, 1837, aged 66 years, according to an inscription printed

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24 NOTES AND QUERIES. (128. V. Jan., 1919, by T. Faulkner in his ‘ History of Brentford,’ and was buried in the church of St. Lawrence, New Brentford. His library, containing a good selection of theological works and of Greek and Latin classics, was sold at Sotheby’s in June of that year. R. JAMES PARKER. Darfield Road, Crofton Park, S.E. Tae Porr’s Crosrer (12 8. iv. 13).— A. E. P. R. D. asks for a verification of the statement that, according to St. Thomas Aquinas, the Pope never carried a crosier unless he entered the diocese of Trier. This practice is mentioned by Jeremy Taylor in his ‘ Discourse of the Liberty of Prophesying, §7, ‘Of the fallibility of the pope and the uncertainty of his expounding scripture and resolving questions.’ Taylor gives Aquinas as his authority, and adds the marginal reference, ‘“‘In iv. sent. dist. 24.” Eden in his edition of Taylor’s works, vol. v. p. 466, adds the further detail, **q. 3 art. 3 fin.” Epwarp BEnsty. IckE Famity (12 S. iv. 106, 226, 311).— Lower’s ‘ Patronymica Britannica’ derived the surname Hick or Hicks from Isaac, and Canon Bardsley in his first work, ‘ English Surnames,’ took a similar view. This is doubtless the book referred to by Sir Dovetas Owen. Bardsley, who made a special study of surnames in his later years, roduced his ‘ Dictionary of English and Velsh Surnames’ in 1901. In this work he altered his view entirely in regard to the personal names Hicks, Higgs, &e., and wrote, s.v. Higgin :— *““T stated in my ‘ English Surnames’ (1875) that Isaac was the parent of Hikke, Higgs, giving my reasons. But I was altogether wrong, and I take this opportunity of apologizing for what at best was only a guess.”’ Under Hick he writes :— “ That Hick was the nickname of Richard, for a time rivalling Dick, is clearly manifest... .1f it be objected that Hick is hard and Richard soft, the same objection applies to Dick. Besides, Hick had a softened variant in Hitch, whence our Hichins, Hichinsons, Hitchins, and Hitchings.... In the after-race for popularity Dick won at a eanter, and while Hick is forgotten, Dick holds | his own.”’ Under Icke he says :— “The son of Richard, from the nickname Hick. The surname seems to have lost its aspirate.” While Isaac would produce Ike and Ikey, it would not give Icke and Ickey. It is now current, as such family names as Ross, Lum, &c., appear to have more than one souce to draw from. See also the entries under Dick, Diggs, Dickens (from a French Diquon), Dix (Dixon), and Hickok in Bardsley’s ‘ Dic- tionary.’ The Rev. J. W. Johnston derives Eccles and Beccles from ecclesia and bi-ecclesia, or Chureh and Bychurch. N. W. Hi. 35 Highbury Place, N.5. “ Braser” (12 8. iv. 187, 252).—QOn reading Mr. S. Ponpsr’s reply, I remem- bered that there is an interesting note on the Orang-Laut in ‘My Journal in Malayan Waters; or, the Blockade of Quedah,’ by Capt. Sherard Osborn, R.N., C.B., (3rd ed., 1861, pp. 253-9). In this he writes :— ““My Malays owned they were countrymen, but spoke of them as barbarians of the lowest caste, pariahs of Malayia, and summed them up by the | title of Bad People, or Gipsies, who make war alike by petty theft upon Malays or Siamese.” G. H. WHITE. 23 Weighton Road, Anerley. Leap YEAR: Lapy’s OFFER OF Mar- RIAGE (12 S. iv. 245).—A law punishing a man who refused a lady’s offer of marriage is said to have been passed, not in France, but in Scotland, in the year 1288. If the man refuse the lady, he shall be “‘ mulcted in ye sum ane pundis or less, as his estait ;}may be,’ unless he can prove himself | betrothed already. The French law fol- |lowed in a few years; and it is said that ‘before Columbus sailed in 1492 (first voyage) the “‘law’’ was extended to Florence and Genoa. There seems to be no record of any fines exacted under this sentimental statute. In England of the early seven- teenth century a man was not entitled to ‘** benefit of clergy” if he disdained such an offer ; and later a refusal cost the happy man a silk gown—a legend traced to St. Patrick. ‘ A Valentine to her that excelleth All,’ by ‘** daun Johan Lidegate, ye munke of Bury,’ in “‘wyse of chesing loues at Saint Valen- |tynes day” (Early Eng. Text Soc., Extra Series, evii.), makes choice of the valentine a serious business :— Some cheese for fayrnesse and for hye beaute, Some for estate, and some eke for rychchesse, Some for fredame, and some for bountee, Some for theyre poorte and theyr gentylesse. |The poet chose Mary (the Virgin), but quite possible that, as Lower suggests, there | added a more worldly (in every way) and my be a place-name Heck or Hick which is ; pointed “‘ Lenvoye” to “ sixst Henry, his responsible for some of the personal names moder Kateryne.” cha: ider phil 2] B 257 writ as: tom that and resp mot in |} prov geth fifth two repu Ta

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128. V Jan., 1919.) NOTES AND QUERIES. 25 In his ‘ Kalendare’ his ‘‘ chesing” was yet another :— Be of good comfort and ioye now, herte myne, Wel mayst thu glade and verray lusty be, For as I hope truly, Seynt Valentyne Wil schewe us loue, and daunsyng be with me. O virgyn Iulyan, I chese now the To my valentyne.... The letters » and g were often inter- changeable; and ‘Valentine’ has been identified with the Norman Fr. galantin, a philanderer. GEORGE MARSHALL. 21 Parkfield Road, Liverpool. Boys BoRN IN May (12 S. iv. 133, 172, 257).—From the Life of Mang-Chang-kiun written by Sze-Ma Tsien (first century B.c.), as well as Ying Chau’s ‘ Fung-siih-tung,’ tom. ii. (second century A.D.), it appears that the ancient Chinese believed that boys and girls born on the fifth of the fifth moon respectively would hurt their fathers and mothers when grown up. Sie Chung-Chi in his ‘ Wu-tsah-tsu,’ written c. 1610, dis- proved this popular error by naming alto- gether ten distinguished men born on the fifth of the fifth moon, and showing that but two of them proved hurtful to their fathers’ reputation. Kumacusu MINAKATA. Tanabe, Kii, Japan. Wuitrt Horst or Kent: LANDSCAPE Wuite Horses (12 8. iv. 245, 312).—In ‘The Ancient Kingdom of Kent,’ by Mr. C. J. Redshaw, which appeared in The Invicta Magazine for February, 1908, occurs the following suggestion concerning the origin of the Kentish emblem, which may be worth considering :— ‘“The second century B.c. marks an epoch in the history of Kent, because then a gold coin—the first gold coin in Britain—was added to its currency, and it was impressed with the stamp of a horse rampant. In an excellent volume entitled ‘ Gravesend in the very Time of Olde,’ Mr. G. M. Arnold, D.L., J.P., F.S.A., thinks it was struck in imitation of ‘ the stater of Philip,’ a gold coin of Philip II. of Macedon, at about the year 350 B.c., whereon appeared a small chariot drawn by two horses abreast, a large quantity of which he presumes were carried away by Brennus, when he raided Greece, with an army of Gauls, in 279 B.c., and suggests that it thus became the gold currency of Gaul, whence, in the ordinary way of commerce, it would naturally have been circulated here.... Mr. Arnold’s idea that the Kent coin was an imitation of the ‘ stater’ may be correct, and as the training of horses was a leading occupation in the little kingdom at that period, the substituted design is easily accounted for. That being so, we must not overlook the important fact that therein lies the origin also of our famous county emblem, which, having appeared on our coinage about a couple of centuries before the Christian era, is the most ancient in Britain.” In ‘ Coins and Medals,’ edited by Stanley Lane-Poole (Elliot Stock, 1885), is an illustration (p. 101) of this “ British gold coin’; and in chap. v. of this volume Mr. Chas. F. Keary traces the introduction of this coinage into these islands from Greece, through Massalia into Gaul, and adds that “about the middle of the second century B.c. the southern coast of Britain adopted from Gaul the same habit.’ The theory of the origin of our Kentish horse advanced in the above extract from Invicta is the only really feasible one I have ever come across. Possibly, in subsequent numbers of this magazine, other theories may have been brought forward ; but, as I have seen only Nos. 1 and 2, I am unable to say. Perhaps some Kentish reader can enlighten me. W. Swarr. Wetheral, Carlisle. Hotei Bristout (12 §. iv. 272, 310).— Mr. WAINEWRIGHT’S obliging reply appears to be a satisfactory solution of the problem. It may be worth adding that since the inquiry was made I have received a copy of an interesting book upon Calcutta, ancient and modern, and among the three photo- graphs of the leading hotels, I find there also: an Hotel Bristol ! J. H. Rivett-Carnac. ‘* MALBROOK S’EN VA-T-EN GUERRE ”’ (12S. iv. 302).—The version. of ‘ Malbrook’ in- quired for by J. R. H. occurs in Harrison Ainsworth’s romance ‘ The Court of Queen Anne, published in Ainsworth’s Magazine some time in the forties of last century. If I remember right, the song was put into the mouth of an ex-sergeant of Marlborough’s army. S. PonpDER. Torquay. V. KnicutiEy CHETWOOD LABAT: ISMENIA (12 S. iv. 188, 256).—Perhaps the hame Ismenia might be taken from a French romance, ‘Arsaces and Ismenia,’ of the middle of the eighteenth century. B. §8. ‘HELL FOR LEATHER ”’ (12 S. iv. 186).— In or about 1914 there was a similar inquiry in the correspondence columns of The Spectator, and various solutions were offered. Eventually, I suggested that it was a. corruption of the German phrase Hiilfe fiir Leder, referring to the run of a hunted animal seeking ‘safety for its leather,” or hide or skin, by flight at top speed. No one beat me about the head for this, and I flattered myself that the explanation was accepted.

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26 NOTES AND QUERIES. (12 8 V. Jan., 1919 I have since read in an article by a well- known sporting writer—I think it was ‘Gareth in The Referee—that it had been suggested to him that it really meant “ all of a lather”’; but if I remember right, he received the suggestion without comment. CHARLES BrReE. Milverton, Somerset. Errrara To A Stave (12 8. iv. 323).— Such tombstone memorials to slaves are very scarce, and until reading that copied by Mr. Fawcett I knew of but one other, to which my attention was directed about a year ago by my friend Mr. H. W. Lewer, F.S.A. It is in Essex, on the north side of the churchyard of Little Parndon, and reads as follows :— Here | lieth the body of | Hester Woodley who died | the 15th of May 1767 aged 62 | this stone was Erected by | John Woodley Esq™ of Cork St. London | As a grateful Remembrance of her | Faithfully discharged[ing] her Duty With the Utmost Attention and Integrity in the service of his late Mother | Mrs. Bridget Woodley to whom she | belonged during her life and | after her Death to her Daughter | Mrs. Mary Parsons by virtue of a | Reciprocal Agrec- ment made between | the said Mrs. Bridget ‘Woodley | and her son John Woodley | whose Property she would otherwise | have been at her Decease | These are Facts. In the word “discharged ’”’ the “ed” has beon erased, and “ing” inscribed above. Mrs. Bridget Woodley was the wife of William *Woodley of the island of St. Christopher, and this slave was probably therefore from the West Indies. STEPHEN J. BARNs. Frating, Woodside Road, Woodford Wells. Somewhat similar memorials oceur at Hillingdon, co. Middx. (Toby Pleasant, d. 1784); at Hampton, co. Middx. (Charles Pompey, d. 1719); and at Great Marlow, Bucks (Geo. Alex. Gratton, “ the Spotted Negro Boy,” d. 1813). M. ‘-HgRALDIC: CAPTOR AND HIS CAPTIVES’ Arms (12 S. iv. 188, 251, 334).—An instance i3 given in Izacke’s ‘ Memorials of Exeter,’ 1677, p. 72. He tells us that, in the begin- ning of King Henry V.’s reign, ‘a Knight named Aragonise [‘‘ a certain knight- errand of Arragon,’”’ says Prince in his ‘ Worthies of Devon’], who in divers Countreys for his Honour had performed many noble Atchieve- ments, at length visited England, and challenged many persons of his Rank and Quality, to make trial of his skill in Arms, which Sir Robert Cary accepted, between whom was waged a cruel encounter, and a long and doubtful Combat in Smith-field, London; where this Mars vanquished i j Knighted, and restored to part of his Father's inheritance ; And by the Law of ‘Heraldry, who- soever fairly in the Field conquered his Adversary, may justifie the wearing and bearing of his Arms whom he overcame, and accordingly he takes on him the Coat Armory of the said Aragonise, being Argent on a bend Sable, three Roses of the First, and ever since born by the name of Cary, whose ancient Coat of Armory I find to be Gules a Cheuron. Argent between three Swans proper, one whereof they still retain in their Crest.” Is anything known of this “‘ Aragonise” ? R. Pearse CHOPE. Le Cateau: CamBrar (12 S. iv. 269).— The writer of the Second Diary of the English College at Douai under the year 1577 records :— **20 Martii, qui idem dies fuit sabbatum 4 temporum ineuntis Quadragesimz, R™° Camera- censi generales ordines apud Castrum Cameracesii celebrante, ex nostris theol. studiosis viginti sacris initiati sunt, quorum quatuor ad sub- diaconatum, ad diaconatum quatuordecim, et duo alii, videlicet D. Cocksus et D. Stokes, ad ordinem presbyteratus sunt promoti.”’ Joun B. WartnewRIGHtT. _,AUTHORS OF QuvuorTaTions Wantep (12 S. ili. 510 ; iv. 32, 62, 287}.— 1. Quinque sumus fratres, uno de stipite nati. The fivefold division of the rose’s calyx did not escape Sir Thomas Browne, who saw quincunxes in the heaven above and the earth below: “ But nothing is more admired then the five Brethren of the Rose, and the strange disposure of the Appendices or Beards, in the calicvlar leaves thereof,” &c. (‘ The Garden of Cyrus,’ chap. iii.). Wilkin in the notes to his edition of Browne’s works gives the following ‘ rustic rhyme ”— On a summer’s day, in sultry weather, Five brethren were born together, Two had beards, and two had none, And the other had but half a one. The references to ‘ N. & Q.’ which St. SwrTrHIN was unable to furnish may be found in the late E. H. Marshall’s notes to ‘ The Garden of Cyrus’ in the ‘ Golden Treasury’ edition : 6 S. iii. 466 ; iv. 73. EDWARD BENSLY. (12 S. iv. 231.) The good we wish for often proves our bane. These words form the first line in the recitative preceding the bass solo (Manoah) ‘‘ Thy glorious deeds inspir’d my tongue” in the libretto cf Handel’s oratorio ‘Samson.’ They are evidently based on lines 352-3 of Milton’s ‘Samson Agonistes ’ :— (Manoah log.)....Nay, what thing good, Pray’d for, but often proves cur woe, our bane ? There is a similar idea in lines 68-4 of the same poem :— (Samson log.) Suffices that to me strength is my bane, And proves the source of all my miseries. Joun T’. PAGE. this Aragonise, for which he was by the King | [Mr. Joun B. Warxewricut thanked for reply.] Si costnniad

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er 12 8. V. Jan., 1919.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 27 Stoies on Backs. Shakespeare’s Workmanship. By Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch. (Fisher Unwin, 15s. net.) Sr ArtTuurR has read a good deal of Shake- spearian criticism, but he is no slave to tradi- tional opinions. He will give generous praise to this or that piece of interpretation, and will dismiss another with a shrug of the shoulders; he has loved Shakespeare from a-boy, and seen him with fresh eyes, and now with deft hands and a light touch he tells us his impressions. He gives new meaning to this or that line which we had passed unnoticed; he points out the, wonderful quality of Shakespeare’s work, while not shrinking from condemning it as slovenly in this or that detail; he throws in personal recollections and jokes to beguile our ears, and sends us away exhilarated and charmed. Every student of Shakespeare, even the oldest, will feel he has gained by reading this book. : It is not that it is in any way epochmaking, nor in the main very new—not so new, certainly, as Sir Arthur seems to think. His dislike of commentators and academic scholars sometimes leads to outbursts which are foolish or unfair. He dismisses Mr. E. K. Chambers’s explanation of the term “interlude”? without a word of refutation, and substitutes another for which he does not advance a particle of evidence— “that ‘Interlude’ meant, or came to mean, a play of a sort commonly presented indoors, in banqueting halls, in the interval between theatri- cal seasons ; or, in other words, the sort of play to amuse a Christmas or Twelfth Night audience ” (p. 142). He is ready to infer the conditions of the public theatre from those of the banquet- ing hall: ‘‘ Upon the masques, as we know, very large sums of money were spent ; and I make no doubt that before the close of Shakespeare’s theatrical career, painted scenes and tapestries were the fashion ’’ (p. 22). But no evidence is adduced. He dismisses without examination the reasons that have been alleged for con- sidering the Hecate scenes in ‘Macbeth’ un- Shakespearian. All we have is: “It does not appear likely to me that a whole set of foolish men (though Middleton in itself seems a well- enough-invented name) were kept permanently employed to come in and write something when- ever Shakespeare wanted it foolish’’ (p. 76). If this is Sir Arthur’s way of arguing with serious students, our sympathies go over to them and leave the genial dilettante. There are times when Sir Arthur’s recollection even of the play he is treating fails him. On the question why Hamlet himself did not inherit his father’s throne, he says: ‘‘ Shakespeare overlooking this trifle, Hamlet does not seem to mind or indeed to think about it first or last” (p. 175). But Hamlet thinks about it very seriously (V. ii. 64-8) :— He that hath kill’d my king, and stain’d my mother, Popp’d in between the election and my hopes.... is’t not perfect conscience To quit him with this arm ? Sir Arthur is so self-confident, and so contemp- tuous of the unhappy commentators ‘‘ who have never ereated a play or a novel or a scene or a character in their lives,’’ that it is necessary to point out that his dicta are not all equally sound. But this is not the note on which we would close. He has written in a charming and illu- minating manner on many of the plays—‘ Mac- beth,’ ‘Midsummer Night’s Dream,’ ‘As You Like It,’ ‘Cymbeline,’ and ‘The Tempest’ par excellence ; he has made some very telling criticisms of ‘The Merchant of Venice’ and ‘The Winter’s Tale.’ He expresses the feeling of many of us when he writes: ‘‘ The dreariest passages in Shakespeare are those in which his ladies and courtiers exchange ‘ wit.’’’ He has brought common sense and poetical feeling to bear with damaging effect on a dull remark ‘of Sir Sidney Colvin’s (p. 261). He has given us a book full of a light and happy spirit, commcn sense, and insight—now turned on the immediate subject, now on something a little extrancou:, as in his charming account of his cance voyage down the Avon (pp. 121-3), or the equally charming passage in which he speaks of the lifelong devotion inspired in so many by the unfortunate Elizabeth of Bohemia (p. 309). At times he strikes a grave note well worth listening to :— “‘T have known an Archbishop from a Uni- versity pulpit excuse a war with a weaker nation not because our cause was just (which, though quite arguable, he made no attempt to argue), but because we were a greater, more enlightened, more progressive race than they, with a great literature, too—for in his fervour the preacher even dragged in literature, and therefore (aryued he) God, who encourages and presides over the evolution of mankind, mzst be on our side.”’ It is good for our humility to be reminaed that the cant which makes Kultur an excuse for aggression has not always been the peculiar possession of one nation. A Bibliography of Works by Officers, Non-Com- missioned Officers, and Men, who have ever served in the Royal, Bengal, Madras, or Bombay Artillery. Compiled and verified by Lieut.- Col. John H. Leslie, R.A. (retired list), and Lieut.-Col. D. Smith, R.A.—Parts VI. and VII. Gascoigne—Jacob. (Sheffield, Sir W. C. Leng Co., 2s. each.) THE first part of this elaborate work was issucd in 1909, but the War interrupted its progress. Nothing daunted, however, the compilers have resumed their industrious labours, the fruits of which appear in the two parts named above. The toll of noble lives taken by the War is illus- trated by the inclusion of Donald Hankey, the author of ‘A Student in Arms,’ who was killed in action on Oct. 12, 1916. The majority of the entries are naturally of a somewhat technical character, but the remainder cover an extremely wide range of subjects. Thus we encounter Col. H. W. L. Hime’s discussions on the Greek materials of Shelley’s ‘ Adoneis’ and Lucian the Syrian satirist; Col. E. A. P. Hobday’s ‘ Blue- beard,’ arranged as a burlesque opera for produc- tion at Simla; and F. W. Howe’s ‘ Classified Directory to the Metropolitan Charities,’ a useful handbook issued annvally for 40 years; while the last work recorded is a volume on Jeypore enamels. That the compilers are animated by the true bibliographical spirit is evident from the fact that

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28 NOTES AND QUERIES. {12 8. V. Jan., 1919. almost all the titles have been copied from the books themselves ; and we hope that, as the general outlook is now so much brighter, Col. Leslie and his colleague may have the satisfaction of being able to complete their labour of love. BOOKSELLERS’ CATALOGUES. Messrs. Hianam & Son’s New Year Catalogue (No. 653) contains over 1,500 entries, including sections devoted to Archeology; Architecture ; Art; Church History, Early and General; Eastern Travel, Life, and Exploration; English Local History: Liturgiology, Roman and Angli- can; Occult Sciences; Pastoral Theology; and Scotland, with six pages of Addenda. Hennessy’s ‘Novum Repertorium Ecclesiasticum Parochiale Londinense,’ 1898, is offered for 17s. 6d. Mr. JAMES “1LEs of Leeds opens his Christmas Catalogue (No. 210) with two collections of etchings—50 Invitation Cards, mounted in a quarto volume, morocco extra (181. 18s.), and 76 Etchings, including trial and unfinished proofs, half morocco (121. 12s.). He has also a fine copy of the Breeches Bible, bound by Samuel Mearne in dark-blue morocco, black-letter (121. 12s.). * Costumes of British Ladies,’ from. William the Conqueror to Queen Victoria, is a sumptuous folio volume in crimson morocco, with 48 coloured plates, 81. 15s. Sections are devoted to York- shire and to Yorkshire Topography. The former includes a complete set of the Yorkshire Parish Register Society, 57 vols., 1899-1918, 111. 11s. Mr... Miles also offers parts 1-21 of the Bronté Society publications, 1895-1911, for a guinea. Two useful works are Sims’s Manual for the Genealogist,’ improved ed., 1888 (12s. 6d.), and Foster’s ‘ London Marriage. Licences, 1521-1869,’ 1887 (16s.). Mr. JoHN Morton of Brighton issues with his Catalogue 39, ‘ Divers Bookes, Rare, Occult, Masonic, and Miscellaneous,’ a humorous apology for being obliged to charge sixpence for the list, which contains 850 entries. A question was recently asked in ‘ N. & Q.’ about the method of embalming mummies, and here we have Petti- grew’s ‘ History of Egyptian Mummies,’ Ist ed., with plates by Cruikshank, 1834, 11. 15s. The long list under Freemasonry includes vols. 11-27 of the Transactions of the Ars Quatuor Corona- torum Lodge (12/. 10s.) and vols. 9-16 (81. 10s.). Under Genealogy are family histories and reprints of parish registers ; under Lancashire, voluines of folk-lore, ballads, and legends ;.and under London works by Hilton Price and Mr. P. Norman, besides a set of 10 vols. of Dr. Sharpe’s ‘ Calendar of Letter-Books,’ 1899-1912 (31. 6s.). The Addenda include a large number of steel plates and lithographic views of places in America, mostly at 1s. 6d. each. Mr. J. A. NEunuys of Willesden Green in his Catalogue 13 makes a feature of books in French, his list beginning with Edmond About, and finishing with Zola. The early entries afford scope for curious reflections. Thus we have copies of the ‘ Almanach de Gotha’ ranging from 1823 to 1872, and in price from 8s. 6d. to 3s. 6d., followed immediately by various issues of the *Almanach des Gourmands’ (5s. each). If we wish to see ourselves as others see us, we can turn to M. Charles Bemont’s masterly study of ‘Simon de Montfort, Comte de Leicester,’ 1884 (20s.), or Emile Boutmy’s ‘Le Développement de la Constitution et de la Société politique en Angleterre,’ 1887 (10s.). Cambrai figures in the present i issue of ‘ N. &Q.,’ and Mr. Neuhuys offers Chants et Chansons Populaires du Cambresis,’ with the airs, 2 vols., 1864-8, for 10s. Brunet and Barbier’s ‘ Dictionnaire des Ouvrages Ano- nymes,’ 6 vols., is 21. 15s. There are also works on tarot and playing cards, the origin of the gipsies, and the Elzeviers, including a paper on ‘Elzevier Bibliography’ by our old contributor Chancellor Christie (2s. 6d.). Messrs. Smmmons & WATERS of ‘Lentebuadl Spa begin their Catalogue 307 with several extra- illustrated books, including Angelo’s ‘ Reminis- cences,’ 177 additional plates, 2 vols., three- quarter morocco, 1904, 101. 10s., and ‘ Angelo’s Picnic,’ 72 additional portraits and views, half crimson morocco, 1904, 51. 5s. ; Rogers’s ‘ Table . Talk,’ 166 additional portraits and views, 2 vols., three- -quarter_ morocco, 1856, 61. 5s.; and Chambers’s ‘ Book of Days,’ 110 portraits, 2 vols., half calf, 1860, 51. 5s. A complete set of the works of William Hutton, the Birmingham antiquary, with his Life by his daughter, 11 vols., is 131. 13s. Under Coinage are W. J. Davis’s ‘ Nineteenth-Century Token Coinage,’ 14 plates besides wood engravings, 2l., and VPye’s ‘ Pro- vincial Copper Tokens and Cards of Address,’ 3rd ed., 55 copperplates, 1916, 27. 10s. Obituart. J. S. SHEDLOCK. ALL readers interested in the histcry of music will regret to hear of the death of Mr. John South Shedlock, who, under his surname or his initials J. S. S., was always ready to place his stores of knowledge at the service of ‘N. & Q.’ He was for a time the musical critic of The Academy, and filled the same position on The Atheneum from 1901 to 1916. A genial, kind- hearted man, he was a recognized authority on Beethoven and the sonata, and would take an infinite amount of trouble in trying to settle a difficult point for a friend. He was bern at Reading on Sept. 29, 1848. and died in hospital on the 9th inst. from the result of an accident. AMotices to Correspondents, WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately, but we will forward advance proofs of answers received if a shilling is sent with the query; nor can we clvios correspondents as to the value of old books and other objects or as to the means of disposing of them. G. J. (Cyprus) and G. W. H.—Forwarded. J. Wrttcock (‘ Magnet Stories ’). — Anticipated at 12 S. iv. 230. ANEURIN WILLIAMS, Carnarvon (Canon David Lloyd, author of ‘State Worthies ’).—The ‘ Dict. Nat. Biog.’ devotes nearly two columns to him and his works.

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