Notes and Queries 1908-05-16: Vol 9 Iss 229

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NOTES anp QUERIES: A Medium of Intercommunication FOR LITERARY MEN, GENERAL READERS, ETO. ‘When found, make a note CUTTLE. PRICE FOURPENCE, TENTH No. 229. SATURDAY, May 16, 1908. | Yearly Subscription, 203. 6d. post free. Special offer of three of the most important of the famous GOUPIL HISTORICAL MONOGRAPHS. Each with Coloured Frontispiece and upwards of 40 Goupil-gravure Illustrations. CHARLES I. By Sir Joun SKELTON. 1898 CHARLES IT. By Osmunp Airy. 1901 PRINCE CHARLES EDWARD. 1900 By Anprew Lana. Published at £3 3s. net each. OFFERED AT £1 1s. NET EACH. The above is a most favourable opportunity to obtain three of the most interesting of all the Volumes of this beautiful Series at an exceptionally low price, which, when the remaining copies are sold, is very likely soon to be raised again, as in the case of similar exceptional Remainders. HENRY SOTHERAN 6&6 BOOKSELLERS, 140, STRAND, W.C., and 37, PICCADILLY, W.

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NOTES AND QUERIES. [10 S. IX. May 16, 1908, ‘ Price 42s, net. Inland hg 8d. ; ; New York City, 48.3 U.S.A., 58 3 France, 2s. 2d. ; Germany, 2s. ; Italy, 2s. 6d. Celtic Illuminative IN THE GOSPEL BOOKS of DURROW, LINDISFARNE - AND KELLS .. Rey, STANFORD F. H. ROBINSON, MLA. DUBLIN: HODGES, FIGGIS & CO., Limited, Publishers to the University, 104, GRAFTON STREET. URNAMES OF THE UNITED KINGDOM : A CONCISE ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY, HENRY HARRISON, Author of ‘The Pt Names of the Liv erpool District,’ &c. Now issuing in Parts at 1s. net. Parts ready. THE EATON PRESS, 190, Ebury Street, London, 8.W. ra OOKS.—ALL OUT-OF-PRINT BOOKS supplied, no matter on what subject. Acknowledged the world over as the most_expert Bookfinders extant. Please state wants.— BAKER’ S Great Bookshop, 14-16, John Bright Street, Birmingham. EDIGREES TRACED: Evidences of Descent from Public Records. Pamphlet post free. RMS and CRESTS: Authentic Information upon all Matters connected with Heraldry. 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hould be yal Albert In the e, 108. 6d, ion, 11. 18, BRUCE lon. ES. ression S. partly x, yeek, od, and Botany, tems. cation, 10 S. IX. May 16, 1908.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 381 LONDON, SATURDAY, MAY 14, 1908, CONTENTS.—No. 229. TES:— Burgoyne Private Act of Parliament, 381— on board the Bellerophon, 382—‘* Noxgaga,” 384—W. Heath, Artist—‘‘Oh, tell me whence Love cometh,” 385 Auditors of the Exchequer: Tooke Family—The Letters of Junius—John Keble’s Death—Richard Page= “Daniel Hardcastle ”—‘‘ Warren, Perfumer,” 386—‘‘ For his bot ”—Prior John at Brighton in 1514—“ Fortune of war ”—Westminster School in 1797. UERIES :—Anacreontic Society—Jewish Queries, 387— St. Mary’s Abbey, York—Oscar Wilde— Figgess or Figgiss —Booth Family—Hatmakers’ Materials—Pilgrim’s Device —Irish Version of ‘‘De mortuis”—Village Mazes, 388— Daniel Orme — Newport Church, I.W.—Vachell—Mont- hooly: Lickar Stone—Sherwood Family—Edward Gee— Dickens and the Lamplighter’s Ladder—Athenian Fleet saved by a Comma—Antique Furniture—John Allin, 1650 —Brass at Ryton-on-Tyne—Nicholas Upton—Fig Trees, 389—J ohnston of Scotland—Authors Wanted—Latin Lines on Sleep - Anne of Austria—De Baif, 390. ty ae REPLIES :—Constables of the Tower, 390—‘‘Vin gris”: Milliners’ Colours, 391—Cirencester Town Hall—Achesons of Ayrshire—The Shakespeare Memorial—Simon de Mont- fort’s Portrait—A Cornish Apparition, 392—Motto: ‘In God is all”—* Raisins of the Cure”-—Authors Wanted, —Time Reckoning, 393 — Bewickiana — Pattens in the Church Porch—Primitive Oaths, 394—Portsmouth Street, No. 14—Bennett of Baldock, 395—National Flag—‘The Times’ as ‘The Thunderer,” 396—Elizabeth Sarah Villa Real—‘ Dictionary of National Biography: Epitome ’— Bibliography of Easter—“ Blooding a witch,” 397—Sir Henry Docwra— May Day: Maypole—The Carnwath Pedigree, 398. NOTES ON BOOKS :—Gomme’s ‘ Folk-lore as an Historical Science.’ Booksellers’ Catalogues. Hotes. BURGOYNE PRIVATE ACT OF PARLIAMENT. By the courtesy of the Clerk of the Parlia- ment, I am allowed to transcribe and offer to ‘N. & Q. a private Act of 1548, re Bar- tholomew Burgoyne, which, though calen- dared in the folio volumes of ‘Statutes of the Realm,’ has never hitherto appeared in print. I wonder whether any relationship could be established between the brothers Bar- tholomew and Thomas Burgoyne, named in this Act, and the Burgoyne family of South Tawton, Devon—arms, Azure, a hound passant argent; crest, an antelope sejant arg., attired, tufted, and maned sable. According to Vivian’s ‘ Visitation,’ this line derived from one John Burgoyne of Sutton in co. Bedford, the sixth in descent from whom—William Burgoyne of the Inner Temple, gent., Recorder of Exeter—married Jone, daughter of Richard Taverner of South Tawton and of Alice, daughter of William Wikes of North Wyke, in that parish, and was apparently the first Bur- goyne resident in Devonshire. Act in Parliament, No. 51, 2-3 Ed. VI., 1548. Whereas Bartholomew Burgoyn’ late one of the monkes of the late Charter House next the citie of London the last daye of Maye in the first yere of the Reigne of o™ moste redowted Soueraigne was lawfully seized for tearme of life onely of the said Bartholomewe of & in all the Rectorye & p’sonage of Mytton with all the membris app’tenn’cs in the saide Countie of York and in the Countie of Lancastre to the late Monasterye of Cokersande in the saide countie of Lancastre now dyssolved late p’teyning and belonging and being late p’cell of the possessyons of the same late monasterye & also of & in all the messuages howses edefyces landes tent’s vencons porcons tythes oblacons p'fyttes rights & 1eredytaments whatsoever they were in Mytton aforesaide and ellswhere in the Counties of York & Lancastre to the said Rectorye & p’sonage Belonging & app'teyning and also of & in fyve mes- suages or ten® with their app'tenn’cs sett & being in the p’ishe of Sepulcre Without Newegate in the Suburbes of London and in the pishe of St. Andrewe in Holborne in the County of Mid. And where allso as the same Bartholomewe so being seasyd of the p’myss as one corrupted wt" the dregge of his former monkyshe and hypocriticall lyfe dyssymuled sanctitie and cloked hollynes hath of late contrary to his dewtie of allegeance towardes our Soueraigne Lorde the kinge wout his Mat* lycence dep’ted and secretly fled owt of this Realme into the ties of beyonde the See and there is entred into the saide feyned and papysticall Relygion of the monkes of the Chavachowes in the extolling & advanncing maynte’nce & )’ferment of the usurped power of the Bishopp of Rome and to the great slander of our saide Soueraigne Lorde and of this his moste Christyan realme and con- trary to his dutie of allegyannce Be it therefore ordeyned and enacted by th kinge our soueraign lorde the Lordes Sp’uall and temporall and the Comens in this p"t parlament assembled and by the authority of the same that the same Bartholomew Burgoyne shall lose & torfeicte to o* Soueraigne lorde the kinge all his goods Catalls & leases for yeres and allso that o° said Soueraigne Lorde the sing shall by th auctoritie aforesaide have holde the sd Rectorye & p’sonage of Mytton & all the said messuages pencons [&c.] during the lyfe of the sd Bartholomewe and for no longer tyme nor of any other estate and that o* Soueraigne lord the king shalbe answered of all the rentes revenues & yfyttes of the saide Rectorie & ’sonage...tythes lee] from the sd last daye of Maye......coming & growing......[Clause as to particulars taken by Com- mission. | Sauynge to all the heyres of the saide Bartholo- mewe and to the heyrs of Thoms Burgoyn Esquyer aecessyd brother unto the sd Bartholomew and to all & euery other parsone & p’sones bodyes polytyke & corporate and to the heyres successors & assignes of every of them other then the sd B. during hys life all such right tytle remaynder revercon possessyon...... [&e. | whatsoever......which any of them...... ought to have had in or to the p’misses or any p’te or p’cell of the same yf this acte had never byn had ne made. Provyded allwaies......that yf the sd Bartholomew at any time hereafter do willingly & of his free will retourne into this Realme of England and being in the same do offer before a competent Judge to stande to the order & Judgement of the Lawes of this Realme of for & concernynge his sd TALL G.C.V.0, MBER of | ~A Trans. ‘ON AND | ten in the ves of the ONSTAN. OF PAL. ETY, | ing, anil or eraldry, nn time to _| | ARD &e., is NEWS, lancery —— | riences, 4 s. urnals, to 1800, ns, items. prices. q xE. |

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382 NOTES AND QUERIES. (10 8S. IX. May 16, 1908. offence that then & from after such offre made this present acte and alle & everye thing in the same conteyned shalbe voyde & of none effecte againste the saide B. Provyded allso and be it further enacted by th auctoritie......[{&c.] aforesd it shall be lawfull to every parsone & p’sones to whom the s p’sonage mesuages Xc......ought to have belonged to entre into & enjoye the sd parsonage mes- suage......&¢ as though this acte had never byn had ne made. ErHet LEGA-WEEKES. BONAPARTE ON BOARD THE BELLEROPHON, TORBAY, 1815. AS TOLD BY JOHN SMART OF BRIXHAM. (Concluded from p. 322.) ONE by one the other shore boats departed; but as it was a holiday for us boys, we persuaded Michelmore to stay a little longer. Now, whether it was that we were only youngsters, who, even with the aid of a baker, might be deemed innocent of any sinister intentions, or whether the patrolling boats were content in keeping us outside of their circuit, we were not molested when we again rowed round the ship at a proper distance. One might well suppose that an English crew, so close to their own shores, would be as eager for communication as we were, and although no word came to us from the ship, we could see the men round the guns peering at us through the port- holes. As we rounded the bows of the ship the tide caught us with great force, and at the second time of our doing this, as luck would have it, we were taken a little nearer than we would willingly have ventured. As the current swept us along, I noticed at one of the lower-deck ports a man nodding violently to us, but standing back a little, as if frightened at being seen. His eye caught mine for an instant as he put his fingers to his lips with a warning gesture. We were past him in another moment, but I was greatly excited, and wanted to turn back to see him again. However, Michel- more decided it would be safer to complete our turn; and accordingly we did so, but regulated our pace with the guard boat, so that it was at the ship’s stern when we again approached the bows. This_ time the man was still standing back, and even less visible than before; but his hand was just visible on the port-sill, and as we passed he let something drop from his fingers into the water. We dared not approach, but we kept it in view as it drifted along. I had my hand dragging as if carelessly in) the water, and when we were a good hundred yards clear of the ship, Michelmore steered so as to bring the object into my hand. -It d | proved to be a small black bottle; but as the evident intention of the officers had been to prevent all communication, I was frigh- tened to look at my prize, and could only clutch it in my hand with a fear that some one on board must have seen me. However, our curiosity was too great to brook delay, and we steered towards shore, so that Michelmore’s broad body was_ between me and the ship in case any one was spying at us through a glass. It was a foreign-looking bottle, and as I drew the cork, its oiliness and perfume sug- gested that it had been used for some liqueur. I kept that bottle for a few years, but even now, without it, I can recall its shape and size and smell. In the bottle was a small piece of paper rolled up, and on the paper was written, “We have got Bona- parte on board.” In five minutes after we reached shore, there was not a soul in Brixham, except babies, ignorant of the news. Happy was the possessor of a boat on that day. Every sort of craft that could be pulled by oars or propelled by sail was brought into requisition. The people on board the ship must have suspected from the bustle on the quay that their secret was discovered ; but the cries of ‘* Bonaparte! Bonaparte !”’ from all the boats, soon told them. Then, finding concealment useless, all the strange visitors showed themselves. We did not know who they all were for some days afterwards, and in fact only got a proper list from the London newspapers when the ships were gone. I can picture at this moment Boney as he appeared in the stern gallery of the Bellerophon. My first thought was how little he looked, and that he was rather fat. We were not allowed to come near the ship, but we saw him quite plainly. He wore a green uniform with red facings, gold epaulettes, white waistcoat and breeches, and high military boots. He took off his hat, which had a cockade on it. and bowed to the people, who took off their hats and shouted ‘“ Hooray!’ I recall a feeling of triumph mixed with a natural satisfaction at seeing a wonderful sight. Bonaparte seemed to take all the excite- ment as a tribute to himself. We noticed that the English officers and crew were very respectful, and all took off their hats when they spoke to him. The day was spent by us mostly on the | |

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10S. IX. May 16, 1908.) NOTES AND QUERIES. 383 water, and what an afternoon ! Brixham | Bonaparte to the Prince Regent, and tried, had already one glorious memory of a king by keeping off shore boats, to prevent all —the traditions of the day when William | surreptitious communications. The captain of Orange touched English soil for the first | had a special fear of lawyers, and thought time at Brixham quay; and now we had it safest to keep out of the ship anybody the Emperor—the conqueror, the tyrant, who might be suspected of carrying a writ the villain—a safe prisoner in an English | of habeas corpus in his pocket. ship. | After breakfast on Tuesday, I arranged to: It could hardly have been expected that go in Mrs. Hawkins’s boat. ‘“‘Do_ they the secret could be kept long, and the officer, show him, then?” she asked. “Is he who had gone to London only held his' loose ?’’ She had been picturing to herself tongue till he got to Exeter, for in the evening Bonaparte in chains in the ship’s hold, and the first postchaise arrived from that city, | the safe distance of an open hatchway was. crowded with gentlemen. The people of all she had ventured to expect. Strange to Dartmouth had already begun to come in, | say, the women were not on the side of some on foot, some in carts and chaises, and | mercy, and Mrs. Hawkins spoke of him— others round Berry Head in boats. Boats! as did many in those days—as a monster There never was before or since such an’ who deserved treatment as a murderer. assembly of craft in Torbay as there was| We could only take our place in the crowd the next day. Torquay was little else but of craft of all sorts that surrounded the a fisherman’s village in those days, and was ship, while an inner circle was kept clear only beginning to be known by health-| by the patrolling boats with armed crews. seeking visitors as a salubrious hamlet in | Bonaparte had not yet made his first morn- Torre parish; but the population, such as|ing appearance, but there were plenty of it was, seemed to have turned _out/| strangers for us to look at. I remember one- altogether and crossed the bay. From | officer with a blue-and-silver uniform, who Exmouth, Teignmouth, Plymouth, the boats | walked the deck with a lady on his arm. and yachts continued to arrive all day.| He wore an eyeglass, and seemed vastly This was mainly on Tuesday, and on that | amused at the crowd who looked at him, day all the country seemed to come in.| Over the ship’s side, the sailors had hung Gentlemen and ladies came on horseback | a board on which they had chalked “‘ He’s. and in carriages; other people in carts gone to breakfast.” and waggons ; and to judge by the number Ye had a useful friend in a corporal on of people, all the world inland was flocking one of the patrolling boats, who, every to see Bonaparte. The Brixham boatmen time he passed, gave us some fresh piece of had a busy time of it, and must have taken information. He told us that the lady was. more money in two days than in an ordinary | Madam Bertrand ; also that Boney had got month. It seemed a gala day as the boats | some horses on board which he expected thronged round the Bellerophon, and Tues- | to use in London; and he told us that, by day found Brixham in a whirl of excitement. | order of the captain, he was to be treated as: Every inn was full; there was not room) an emperor till further instructions arrived. for the visitors, nor stabling for the horses. | ‘‘ And Boney will have it so,’ added the The Port-Admiral from Plymouth and_/| corporal, “for the first thing he did when Lord Keith had arrived early on Tuesday, | he got on board was to walk into the captain’s and had been admitted on board; but cabin, and invite the captain to dine with besides these, with a few officers from Berry | him, as if the ship belonged to the French Head, and some of the county nobility, | fleet.” everybody had been treated as we had been,| Bonaparte took off his hat to the lady and had been refused admittance to the | when she left him, and walked up and down ship. An inkling of the truth now came | alone, bowing occasionally to the crowd : out, although we had not all the rights of it | but generally he had his eyes downwards, till long after. Capt. Maitland, of the and his hands behind him. I am afraid I Bellerophon, did not know what to do with must have mixed up in my mind what I saw his prisoner, who had demanded audience myself in those days with what I have heard of the Prince Regent. There were amongst since, and can now hardly separate the two. the Whig party in those days many who For many years afterwards, we had plenty would have liked to set Bonaparte at to say about Bonaparte at Brixham. liberty, and Capt. Maitland had determined | Indeed, there had been a certain feeling of that the Government should have the first | possession, as though the town had had a news. He refused to forward a letter from| considerable share in his capture, and » the ered | It It ag been righ- only aver, play, that ying as sug- ome ars, | its was the ore, hat be was on ‘om was te ! old BSS, 70s. me ta ers ure. in M red { ite ‘ed. at He it, eir a ral it. ed ry an he:

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384 NOTES AND QUERIES. {10 S. IX. May 16, 1908. should have a share in deciding on his fate. , I remember how greatly exercised we were on this subject. A neighbour of ours, a/| ehurehwarden, led a large section of the inhabitants in deciding for his immediate execution. Tf it is hard for us to believe this now, we must recall the sentiments of horror and hatred that had been engendered by the long war, and it is hardly to be wondered at that a punishment savouring of revenge should have been deemed the fittest ending for the evil genius of it all, whom Providence had apparently put into our hands for the purpose. Even The Times was on the side of those who urged the Ministers to do their duty, and rid the world of such a monster. All hopes and surmises concerning the landing of the prisoner at Brixham were soon ended, for on Wednesday a messenger arrived from Plymouth, and at once put off to the Bellerophon. The officer who had gone to London, must have travelled quickly, for on Wednesday morning, as soon after sunrise as the tele- graph could work, instructions had been ‘sent to Plymouth, and these had been for- warded to Brixham. The ships weighed anchor at once and sailed for Plymouth, no secret being made of their destination. Boney having gone, the world no longer found anything of interest at Brixham. The visitors left us, and I went back to school. But at Plymouth the Bellerophon was still a greater attraction than it had been with us. I have no need to tell what all the world knows—how, after some weeks of waiting, Bonaparte was sent to St. Helena. Ho did not, however, go in the Bellerophon, and her crew got liberty on ‘shore. M. “ NOXGAGA.” TuIs curious and hitherto unexplained word is found in the oldest and best text known of the Anglo-Saxon list of land- and folk-names sometimes cited as the ‘ Nomina Hidarum.’ This particular text was copied down early in the eleventh century on a fly-leaf of the Harley MS. No. 3271. It was discovered by Dr. Walter de Gray Birch, whose edition, together with a commentary and a collation of all the known exemplars of the list, was published in the Journal of the British Archeological Association for 1884. Dr. Birch tendered various ex: | planations of the form -gaga in the words | Noxgaga and Ohtgaga, which are found together in the list; but he admitted that they were not satisfactory, and I beg leave to submit yet another view. In some MSS. of the eleventh century the letter g is occasionally found usurping the place of the letter n. For instance,* urbs leogis for Urbs Leonis,” ¢.e., Caer Leon ; dyflig for Dyflin,” ¢.e., Dublin; ing here for ‘‘inn here,’ the native army: tremerig for ‘*Tremerin,’ the name _ of Bishop Athelstan of Hereford’s Welsh coadjutor, &c. With these instances before us, the correction that I am about to make will not seem arbitrary : it consists in emend- ing the first g in -gaga into n. The chief result of this alteration is that the grammar of the form becomes clear, because -na is the A.-S. genitive plural of weak common nouns and of some proper ones, and ga means “region,” “district,” and corre- sponds to the German Gau. Noxnaga, then, if we have attained the correct form, would mean the gd or district of the Noxé or Noxan, 7.e., of the Noxas; and a similar correction of the next name in the list, to wit, Ohtgaga, gives us Ohtnagd. The latter emendation seems to be correct, but I do not think that Noxnaga can be. Another error is certainly latent in the written form. A very numerous and confusing class of scribal errors is due to mistakes made in restoring suprascribed letters to the body of the words to which they belong. For instance,+ Cantegirnus for Cantegirnus (with the ¢ written above the n), 7.e., Categirnus ; arminiis for minus; Mons Graupius for Mons Gupius, i.e., Cupar Angus; oserii for O'sii ; bdora for Bda, 7.e., the Forth, &e. In order, then, to recover the true word which underlies the group of letters Noxgaga, it may be that some mistake of this sort must be allowed for. I suggest that what was first written down in the * Vide the eleventh-century Vatican MS. of the ‘Historia Brittonum,’ cap. lvi.. ed. Mommsen, ‘Chronica Minora,’ iii. 200; the Cotton MS. Tibe- rius B. IV. of the ‘Saxon Chronicle’ (C) which was written circa 1050, annal 937; the same MS., annal 1006; the Cotton MS. Tiberius B. I. of the same ‘Chronicle’ (D), which was written circa 1060, annal 1055. + Vide the Cambridge University MS. Ff. I. 27 of the ‘Historia Brittonum,’ ed. Mommsen, ».s., 126, 1. 1; 192, 1. 11; the twelfth-century Durham MS. of the same work, p. 152, 1. 5; and for the three other instances—which are from the ‘ Agri- cola’ of Tacitus, the eleventh-century Léofric Missal (Introd.), and ‘ Ravennas,’ respectively— compare a short paper on the ghost-word Ormesta in Zeitschr. f. celtische Philologie, iv. 463. | | ( ] a f b il h n al

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10 8S. IX. May 16, 1908.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 385 original manuscript was Oxga; that the writer saw his error, added the syllable ga, set a punctum delens under the first g, and wrote n above that letter. The word con- sequently appeared in the manuscript as OXGAGA and the root of this, namely Oxna, whether compounded with ga or with ford, is a form with which we are all familiar. Subse- quently, the punctum delens was ignored (an oversight which frequently happened), and the suprascribed letter was advanced to the initial place in what became eventually the parent of the existing family of manu- scripts. The etymon of Oxnaford may possibly be the gen. pl. of ox (+ ford), but it is not possible that that can be the etymon of Oxnaga. In all probability, Oxnaga and Ohtnaga indi- cated the regions occupied by tribes called respectively *Oxé, *Oseé, or *Oxan, *Oscan, z.e., the Oxas, and *Ohté, *Ohtan, 7.e., the Octas. Hence the name Oxenford may be merely a metaphony, confusing sound and sense, as do the modern French name for Santones, sc. Saintes (which, of course, is not the same as the modern French for sancte), and the Welsh and Anglo-Saxon names for Glevum Colonia. These are Caer Gloyw and Gleawan ceaster, which respect- ively contain the vocables gloyw, “ bright,” and giéaw, prudent.” ALFRED ANSCOMBE. 4, Temple Road, Hornsey, N. W. Heatu, Artist. — Mr. JAGGARD (ante, p. 22) calls him a humorous artist. Would it not be more correct to say he occasionally drew such subjects ? There is unfortunately no collection of his works that is available to enable us to judge. The Print-Room of the National Library has a few only of his productions, and is miserably deficient in works of his class. I have hundreds of prints by Heath for the “Juvenile Drama” ; many signed. These alone must have occupied a consider- able portion of his short life. Some of them are admirably executed—at all events, for the purpose for which they were in- tended. I fancy they were not only drawn by him on the copper plate, but were bitten in by him as well, so that the work is all his own. In his day (he died in 1840) nearly every artist drew on paper, which was given to an engraver (or etcher) to repro- duce on the copper. The engraver was nearly always an inferior draughtsman (as were most wood engravers), and he brought the: original drawing down to his own level. I have many original drawings, and the prints produced from them which show this. If the engraver happened to be a better draughtsman than the author of his. model, he made the etching better instead of worse than the model. I think George Cruikshank was the greatest: example in early days of an artist illustrating books being his own etcher. Most artists: looked upon engraving as too mechanical an art to merit their attention, neither was. it considered worth the time and trouble required to master the mechanical difficulties. of engraving. I doubt if any artist in those days (say 1820-30) ever thought of drawing straight on the copper, though some years later (say 1845) Sir John Gilbert, it is well known, drew straight on the wood, without even making a sketch—his admirable illus- trations in The London Journal, for example. In England the present practice of an artist drawing straight on the copper, and himself biting it in, originated with Whistler (about 1860). Heath was what Mr. HERBERT CLAYTON calls a hack artist (9 S. viii. 411). Like many others working in the same way, he must have found it hard to make a living, and took anything he could get, and often had to work against time. The result is that there is a great difference in the quality of his drawings. Redgrave in his excellent ‘ Dictionary of Artists,’ 1878, says Heath’s work is in- ferior. But in this judgment, it must be remembered Redgrave was writing chiefly about England’s greatest artists, and the class of work that Heath did would be inferior in his eyes: in fact, 1 was surprised to find Heath’s name in Redgrave. The National Library Catalogue must have a dozen or more books with illustrations. by Heath, but unless the artist's name is mentioned on the title-page, it is not noticed in the Catalogue. RatpH THOMAS. TELL ME WHENCE LOVE COMETH.” —I have seen no reply to the request of a Berlin correspondent at 9 S. xi. 508 for assistance in tracing the following lines, cited as ‘Burden of a Woman,’ in the ‘ Roxburghe Ballads,’ vol. viii. p. 411 :— Oh, tell me whence Love cometh ? Love comes uncall’d, unsent. Oh, tell me where Love goeth % That was not Love that went. The lines appear as a modern motto for an old ballad, and as they are neither credited

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386 NOTES AND QUERIES. (10 S. IX. May 16, 1908. to any one nor indexed, the editor of the * Ballads’ may be responsible for them. To whomsoever due, they are a translation of the second verse of Friedrich Halm’s four- ‘stanzaed poem ‘ Was ist Liebe ?’ of which he used the first two verses for the “old song’’ repeated by Parthenia in Act II. of his drama ‘Der Sohn der Wildniss,’ as follows :— Mein Herz, ich will dich fragen, Was ist denn Liebe, sag ? **Zwei Seelen und ein Gedanke. Zwei Herzen und ein Schlag.” Und sprich : Woher kommt Liebe? “Sie kommt und sie ist da.” Und sprich: Wie schwindet Liebe? Die war's nicht, der’s geschah.” The rendering by Marie Lovell in ‘ Ingo- mar the Barbarian’ is well known, but an earlier English translation of the drama, made in 1847 by William Henry Charlton, was especially commended by the German author for being “as accurate and careful as it is tasteful and poetical.’ In that version the “ little song”? runs :— My heart, I fain would ask thee, What then is Love? say on. * Two souls and one thought only, Two hearts that throb as one.” And whence doth Love come? tell me. “Tt comes, and lo! ’tis here.’ And say, how doth Love vanish ? ** No true Love then is there.” “Der Sohn der Wildniss’ was first played at the Palace Theatre, Vienna, 28 Jan., 1842, and sprang to instant popularity. Mrs. Lovell’s ‘Ingomar’ was produced at Drury Lane in 1851, and a little later in the year at Sadler’s Wells; but I do not find the exact date of either performance. It was first played in New York on the evening of 1 Dec., 1851, simultaneously at the Broadway and the Bowery Theatres. M. C. L. New York AUDITORS OF THE EXCHEQUER: TOOKE Famity.—In the course of some researches touching the Tooke family (see 10 S. viii. 221) Mr. R. J. Beevor, of St. Albans, kindly sent me this item :— “Stowe MS. 327, in the British Museum, records that there were seven Auditors of the Exchequer, having jurisdiction over different parts of the kingdom, and gives the names of theseven Auditors in the year 1692 (none of these a Tooke). These places are said to have been granted by letters patent under the Great Seal.” It would be interesting to learn something about one Christopher Tooke, who appears to have been an Auditor of the Exchequer circa 1682. Several Tookes were Auditors of the Court of Wards and Liveries, which was abolished in 1660. The will of Jacob(us) Tooke, of Norfolk, 1690, should be erased from the list given in 10 S. viii. 221, because he is identical with the James Tooke of Bromhill whose will is quoted ibid. This duplication was due to a misunderstanding on my part. EvuGENE F. MecPIKe. 1, Park Row, Chicago, U.S. Tur Letrrers oF Junius.—If some one who has sufficient knowledge of the subject would sum up, adequately and impartially, in these columns, all the available evidence bearing on this vexed question, he would earn the gratitude of his fellow-readers. Hitherto the case has been argued almost entirely by the advocate, and the cham- pions of Francis seem to have secured the most converts. Yet it appears to me that the ‘ Templars”? have quite as good a case as the “ Franciscans”; and if the two lines of argument could be set forth side by side by an impartial judge, I feel sure that the faith of many of those who trust in Macaulay’s “five reasons’’ would be somewhat shaken. Horace BLeAcKLey. Fox Oak, Hersham, Surrey. Joun Kesir’s DEatH.—A tablet of copper, bearing the following inscription in raised letters, has recently been placed on Brook- side, the house near the pier at Bourne- mouth, where the author of ‘ The Christian Year’ died in 1866 :— In This House John Keble, M.A., Vicar of Hursley, Author of ‘ The Christian Year,’ Entered into Rest, March 29, 1866. FREDERICK T. HIBGAME. RicHArRD PaGe=“ DanreEL HARDCASTLE.” —Richard Page, who wrote a number of works on banking and kindred subjects, and published them under the pseudonym of Daniel Hardcastle, was a contributor to The Times; see that journal of 30 April, 1819. He is there described as “ of Mitcham.” W. Roserts.’ ““WaRREN, PERFUMER.”’—A small Lam- beth Delft drug-pot of the eighteenth century in the Guildhall Museum is thus inscribed. It may be worth noting that a contemporary obituary notice in The European Magazine (vol. xvi. p. 392) records: ‘“‘ Mr. Warren, Perfumer, Cheapside, deceased 20" Nov“, 1789.” H. 8.

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10 S. IX. May 16, 1908.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 387 “ For HIs Bot.’’—This was the expression used at the Westminster County Court by # gardener (as reported in The Standard of il April) who claimed of Lady Meux of Theobalds Park, near Waltham Cross, a balance of wages. He said the terms of his agreement were that he should receive twenty-two shillings per week, and five shillings more “for his bot’? which meant that he had the extra money in lieu of sleep- ing at Theobalds, 7.c., for lodging money. Harry Hems. Fair Park, Exeter. Prior JoHN at BricHtTon 1514.—In Halle’s ‘ Chronicle’ (1548) there is an inter- esting account of the French Lord High Admiral’s descent on the southern coast of England, and also, incidentally, of his visit to our popular watering place. It will be seen that the Sussex archers gave an excellent account of themselves. ““About this time [May, 1514] the warres yet contynewynge betwene England and Fraunce, prior Thon... great capitayne of the French navy, with his Galeys and Foystes charged with great basy- lyskes and other greate artilery, came on the border of Sussex and came a land in the nyght at a poore village in Sussex called bright Helmston, and or the watch could him eserye he sett fyer on the towne and toke suche poore goodes as he founde : then the watch fyred the fan and the people began to gather, which seynge prior Ihon Sowned his trompett to call his men aborde, and by that tyme it was day: then VI archers whiche kept the watche followed prior Ihon to the sea and shott ‘so fast, that thei bett the galymen from the shore and prior Ihon hym selfe waded to his foyst, and Thenglishemen went into the water after, but they were put back with pickes or els they had entered the foyst, but they shot so fast that thei wounded many in ye foyst and prior Ihon was shott in the face with an Arrow, and was likely to have dyed, and therefore he offered his image of wax before our lady at Bolleyn with the Englysh arrow in the face for a myracle.” Then follows immediately a satisfactory account of the return visit :— **When the lorde Admirall of England had hard these newes he was not contente and sent Sir Iohn Wallopp to the sea incontinente with diverse Eng- lish shippes, which sayled to the cost of Normandy and ther landed and brent xxi villages and townes with great slaughter of people and brent shippes and boates in the havens of Treaport, Stapils and in every place. This sir Iohn Wallopp quyt hym selfe so, that men marveled of his enterprises, con- syderyng he had at the most but VILI C men and toke land ther so often.” Sir John Wallop was created K.G. in 1543, and died in 1551. The Lord Admiral referred to was Thomas, Duke of Norfolk. It seems a great loss that this ‘ Chronicle’ should not be better known than it is. It is a perfect storehouse of lively anecdotes of English history, especially of the reigns of Henry VII. and Henry VIII.. these two reigns occupying about half the volume. Who was Prior John ? Wn. NorRMAN. 6, St. James’s Place, Plumstead. FORTUNE OF WAR.’’—An earlier quota- tion for the above, by some forty years, than that given in ‘N.E.D.,’ is found in ‘ Merlin,’ p. 184 (E.E.T.S., ed. H. B. Wheat- ley): ‘‘ And some tyme he wan, and many tymes he loste, as is the fortune of werre.’— WestMINSTER ScHoot 1797.—The Morning Chronicle of 27 Jan., 1797, contains the following :— “So great is the ragé for building of barracks at present that it was some time ago ridiculously observed, that Government were going to turn Westminster School and the dormitory into bar- racks, and remove the school and college to the late Sir Gregory Page’s at Blackheath.” ALECK ABRAHAMS. Queries. WE must request correspondents desiring in- formation on family matters of only private interest to affix their names and addresses to their queries, in order that answers may be sent to them direct. ANACREONTIC Socrety.—I shall feel very grateful to any reader of ‘N. & Q. for definite information as to the founding of this Society. The year was, I believe, about 1770, and the first President is said to have been Ralph Tomlinson. I shall also be glad to know if there is any definite proof of the authorship of the charter song of the Society, ‘To Anacreon in Heaven. Of course, I am aware that the verses are credited to Tomlinson, and the music to John Stafford Smith, in 1771; but is there any proof of these statements ? W. H. Grarran Fioop, Mus.D. “nniscorthy, Ireland. JEWISH QUERIES.—1. What is the mean- ing of “with allowance” in the following title-page ?— “News from the Jews, or a true relation of a reat prophet in the Southern parts of Tartaria...... vaithtully translated into English, by Josephus Philo-Judeus, Gent. With allowance. London, Printed for A. G. Anno Domini 1671.” 2. What is the origin of the name of Gorle- stone, near Great Yarmouth? Why are the natives called Jew-killers”’ ? 3. I have one of Dighton’s caricature por- traits with this title: ‘A Fashionable |

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388 NOTES AND QUERIES. {10 8. IX. May 16, 1908. Jew Travers-ing the Steyne | at Brighton | Pub. Nov. 20th 1801 by | Dighton Chars Cross.” Who was this “ Fashionable Jew”’ ? IsRAEL SOLOMONS. 91, Portsdown Road, W. Str. Mary’s ABBEY, Yorxk.—What could Canon Raine have meant by the description “a prebend in St. Mary’s Abbey” ? (See ‘Robin Hood,’ ante, p. 278.) St. Mary’s Abbey in York was a house of Benedictine monks, not of prebendaries. Durham. Oscar WILDE.—Please give me the name of the author of an English appreciation of all Oscar Wilde's works. Dorn. [Mr. L. C. Ingleby has recently published a volume entitled * Oscar Wilde,’ which contains an account and detailed criticism of all Wilde’s writings. | FIGGEss oR FicGiss.—Can you give me any information regarding this surname, its origin and meaning ? R. G. WEBB. Booth Famity.—I am interested in the history of the family of Booth in the county of Suffolk, from whom I am descended. I have traced back, by means of parish registers, &c., to a certain Henry Boothe of Brusyard, not far from Saxmundham, who was having his family baptized there from 1586 onwards. At the same time George Boothe was Rector of Huntinefield, a few miles distant; and there was an Edward, apparently a “ Physitian,” at Huntingfield and Laxfield. I suspect a possible connexion with the Booths who possessed Shrublands Hall, a large estate near Ipswich. Of these the first was Richard Bothe, the fourth son of John Bothe of Barton, Lancashire, who married the heiress of the Oakes, and settled at Shrublands in the early fifteenth century, his line terminating in Sir Philip Booth, who died e/rea 1534, leaving an only daugh- ter, by whom the estates were carried to the Littons. There is a pedigree of this family in Davy’s MS. collection in the British Museum (Add. 19119), which I think cannot be accurate; but Davy does not give his authorities, and it is difficult to check it. I find many references to these Booths in the Patent Rolls, &e., but I can discover no :ecord of wills or Inquisitions in existence anywhere. There is a_ will of one *Henricus Bothe de Shelland, bocher,”? mentioned in Mr. V. P. Redstone’s calendar of wills at Bury, proved in 1472, examining or getting translated. I should be glad to hear from any one who knows anything of these Booths, or who possibly traces descent from them, or of any other Booths in the county of Suffolk. If my query is not already too long, perhaps I may mention a somewhat curious coincidence. When at Badingham, a mile or two from Brusyard, I accidentally dis- covered a house, built on the site of what was evidently a very old house, which had been knownas long as anyone could remember as Shrublands Farm, and is so entered on the Ordnance map. There were Booths. at Badingham, as appears from the parish registers, for a long time; and in the seven- teenth century there was one whose children were baptized at Brusyard and Badingham indiscriminately. G. ARTHUR W. Boors. Hoe Place, Woking Village, Surrey. HatMaKers’ MATERIALS IN THE EIGH- TEENTH CENTURY.—What were the following materials, which occur in a list of articles constituting the stock-in-trade of two hatters, deceased, whose goods were sold “by the candle” at the Marine Coffee House in 1742 ? —Ruffin and Napping, Broon, Gum Seneca, Trimmings, Brown and White Wombs, and “Felt and Castor’? hats. What was the difference between a felt and a castor hat ? J. HotpeEn MacMIcHaeEL. Drvice.—What are the six pear-shaped objects in the device symbolical of a pilgrim’s staff surmounted with a scallop shell, enclosed in two circles representing girdles ? R. S. CLarkeE, Major. Bishop’s Hull, Taunton. Trish Version oF “ De mortuts. ’—Can any one tell me who is the modern Irish wit alluded to in the following quotation from a letter by Canon Ainger given in Miss. Sichel’s ‘ Life of Canon Ainger,’ p. 304 ?— “T took out my pocket-book, and instantly pro- duced the following :— De mortuis nil nisi malum. ; They can’t hit back, so let ’s assail “em, which, however, is but a poor pendant to what suggested it, the words of a modern Irish wit, with a true Swiftian power of rhyming :—- De mortuis nil nisi bonum. Baas When scoundrels die we’ll all bemoan ’em. Wat. B. Mazes.—Can any reader of ‘N. & Q.’ tell me the names of places where village mazes are to be found in England, and give me any local tradition concerning them, or state with certainty their origin ? which I have not had an opportunity of |} I have plans of the mazes at Comberton, | j a a L of Li H A PY A the ms the

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10 S. IX. May 16, 1908.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 389 Cambs; Hilton, Hunts; and Breamore, Hants. The mazes in question consist of narrow paths about one foot wide, separated by little ditches one foot wide and nine to twelve inches deep. F. G. WALKER. DANIEL OrME.—I want to know whether any portrait of Daniel Orme, artist (vide D.N.B.’), exists. F. A. SLAcKeE. Newport Cuurcn, I.W.—St. Thomas’s Church, Newport, I.W., was rebuilt in 1854— 1855. Can any one say whether engravings of the old church have been published ? G. B. VaACHELL.—I should be very much obliged if any of your readers could give me the maiden name of the wife of Col. William Vachell (6th Foot), who was married about 1712. ARTHUR C. VACHELL. MontHooty : Lickar StoNE.—Monthooly is the name of a place in Aberdeen, at the foot of a hill on which there was formerly a hospital for infirm priests. The same name is given to places in Peterhead and Edinburgh. Lickar Stone occurs in an enumeration of the boundary stones of the city of Aber- deen: ‘* The lickar stone in the den called Kittybrewster.”’ The meaning of these two names is re- quested. JoHN Mine, LL.D. Aberdeen. SHERWOOD Famiry.—Can any one refer me to a book containing information as to the ancestry of the Sherwood family, traditionally supposed to have been the owners of Sherwood Forest in Saxon times ? L. SHERWOOD SELLE. 309, Holderness Road, Hull. Epwarp Gerr.—Information is wanted as to the parentage of the above. He was a sworn clerk in the Six Clerks’ Office. He married in 1713 Ann Pratt, daughter of Lord Chief Justice Pratt, and _ half-sister of the first Lord Camden. He lived in Red Lion Street, and died (intestate) in 1747. He was * cousin” to Sir Orlando Gee of the Admiralty. G. H. Coss. DICKENS AND THE LAMPLIGHTER’S LADDER. —My memorandum about shutters (ante, pp. 66, 295) having proved interesting, I am tempted to add one about lamplighters. A tap-turning and lighting apparatus at the top of a long rod has been in use for many years, but before it was introduced, the lamplighter carried a ladder. At what date did’the latter go out of Dickens’s article ‘ The Lamplighter,’ which records the change from oil to gas, makes a prominent feature of the ladder. This article is now included in a volume of ‘ Reprinted Pieces’ : when did it first appear ? C. B. * ATHENIAN FLEET SAVED BY A COMMA.— In an old notebook I find a brief, uncredited quotation from some article by Mr. Andrew Lang, where, speaking of a certain misunder- stood statement that occasioned much per- plexity, he says :— ‘“*The confusion was caused (as the Athenian fleet was saved from destruction) by the presence of a comma, in this case standing where it ought not.” When was the Athenian fleet thus saved by the presence of a comma, aa a standing in the right place ? New York. ANTIQUE FURNITURE.—Can any reader say when the rage began for Chippendale, Sheraton, and other antique furniture? I have been intimately connected with the advertising of auction sales since 1859, and I cannot remember that in the early part of my business career the above styles were so much as mentioned in the hundreds of inventories I have helped to make. CITIZEN. Joun Arun, 1650.—Is anything known of John Allin, minister of Odiham in Novem- ber, 1650? Was he related to John Allin, the Puritan minister of New England ? JERMYN. Brass At RytTon-on-TynNE.—Upon a monumental brass at Ryton-on-Tyne there is this quartering: Argent, in bend cotised counter-embattled three boars’ heads sable. Can any one suggest an owner for this coat ? SipNEY STARR. Perey Gardens, Tynemouth. Upron.—John Timbs, F.S.A., states that Upton was a famous herald in the reign of Henry VIII. I have a note of a grant of arms by him to an ancester of mine in 1519. Can any one tell me anything more about this herald, and where a record of the grant would be found ? CiavIs. Fic Trees: Marurtnc Merat.—Some years ago an article appeared in a monthly magazine, in which it was stated that if @ joint of newly killed meat were hung up among the branches of a fig tree, it matured and became tender in a few hours. It was further stated that the kitchen courts of

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390 NOTES AND QUERIES. [10 S. IX. May 16, 1908. some old houses in the south of England were planted with fig trees for the purpose ; and, if I recollect rightly, illustrations of one or two of these courts and trees were given in the article. I shall be glad of any information on the subject. DS JOHNSTON Famity oF ScorLtanp.—In a badly spelt MS. of the first quarter of the eighteenth century is a Latin eulogy of the prowess of the race. Its authorship and present whereabouts I should be glad to ascertain. It begins thus :— “Majores Johnstone tuos dum martia vivent nomina ffargus idum gens sup" astra fecit Credita sunt illis gemini continea Regni hoc meruit virtus et sine Labe fides Quanto hic est Scotiam quem leget valoq unum Int" mille Duces falmene manus,” Cuartes Kine, Bt. [The eulogy is clearly in elegiacs.] AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WantTED.— Where is the following to be found ?— Winter makes ready for the spring By months of struggling and suffering ; And the victory won in the mortal strife Strengthens the fibre and pulse of life. What if the earth in her chill despair Said that the strife were too hard to bear? Where were the —— and the —— then? Where were the harvest for hungering men ? Who is the author of the following lines ?— The writer here in much affection sends Some po advice to his young married friends ; Should you the friendly hint receive, it may Subserve your interests at a future day. T. W. B. Latin Lines ON SLEEP.—I should be glad to know who wrote these lines. Were they in Latin originally, and translated ? Somne levis quanquam certissima mortis imago Consortem cupio te tamen esse tori Alma quies optata veni nam sic sine vita Vivere quam suave est sic sine morte mori, Come, balmy Sleep! attend thy votary’s prayer, And though Death’s image to my couch repair, Sweet, while yet living, thus with Death to lie; Thus, without dying, oh! how sweet to die! C. K. The Latin is original, and by Thomas Warton. We do not know who did the English version quoted. Wordsworth also did one.] ANNE OF AustTRIA.—Why was Anne of Austria so called? She was a Spanish princess, afterwards Queen of France. The common authorities (‘ Biog. Univ.,’ ‘ Biog. Gén.,’ Lavisse’s ‘ Hist.,’ &c.) do not appear to explain it. W De Bair.—Who was J. A. de Baif, author of a poem, if one may be forgiven for so styling it, ‘Des Mimes, Enseignemens, et Proverbes’ ? He seems to have belonged to the seventeenth century. A quatrain evoked by his portrait is of the nature of the lines which Droeshout’s representation of Shakespeare elicited from Ben Jonson :— Pour tirer seulement sa face Peintre Baif nest pas Peins moy les Muses et la Grace, Et ton dessein sera partait. St. SwiTHIN. Replies. CONSTABLES AND LIEUTENANTS OF THE TOWER OF LONDON. (10 S. ix. 61, 161, 243.) Mr. Rurtron’s lists are open to corrections. ConstTABLES. 1. Fairfax’s appointment was in August, 1647 (not 1648). 2. Dartmouth was not appointed till 1685, in succession to Alington, who died 1 Feb., 1684/5 (1684 is, of course, correct according to Old Style, but that system of chronology should not be used without an indication of the fact). iv 3. Mr. Rutron is wrong in describing Dartmouth as an earl: the date of the earldom is more than half a century later. 4. Lord George Lennox’s appointment was in February, 1783 (not 1784). LIEUTENANTS. 5. Penington was made Lieutenant in 1643 (not 1642). Conyers held office till the summer of 1643. 6. Penington was not knighted by the Lord Mayor—or by anybody else. The ‘D.N.B, (which ought to have known better) calls him “ Sir Isaac P.,” and adopts the legend to which Mr. Rurron also gives currency. It is time that this story was exploded. I was luckily just in time, as the final sheets were passing through the press, to save my friend Dr. Shaw from help- ing to perpetuate it in his admirable ‘Knights of England, and secure the insertion of the foot-note in vol. ii. p. 221. A reference to the authorities there given should set the question at rest. 7. In August, 1647, West was succeeded by Alderman Tichborne, who was nominated by Fairfax under authority of Parliament. West was reappointed 18 May, 1648.

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10 S. IX. May 16, 1908.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 391 8. “ Berkstead”’ (1652) should be Bark- stead. 9. The blank in “ Col. King ’’ (1689) should be filled by the name Thomas. 10. Churchill was gazetted 26 May, 1702. 11. Cadogan was appointed in December, 1706 (not 1709), and was succeeded by Compton in 1713 (gazetted 24 Jan., 1712 13), who retained office till 1741. Hence Cado- gan was not Lieutenant at the accession of George I. ALFRED B. BEAvVEN, M.A. I feel sure that all subscribers to, and readers of, ‘N. & Q.’ will be greatly obliged to Mr. Rutron for his list of these officers. He would add still more to the usefulness of his list if he would inform us— 1. Where are the records connected with the tenure of office of the Constables and Lieutenants. 2. Where are the lists of prisoners of all sorts, so far as is now known, who have been lodged in the Tower during the period dealt with by him—when they were received, and when disposed of. A book to contain the latter information was advertised for publication some years ago, but I think it was never published. If not, why not ? C. Mason. 29, Emperor's Gate, S.W. “Vin GRis’?: MILLINERS’ CoLours (10 S. ix. 30, 134, 218, 330).—It is interesting to note in this term, which evidently signifies “pale wine’ as distinguished from red wine, a survival of the root-meaning of “gray,” t.e., the pallor of age (cf. ypa‘os, ypats, yépwrv, &e.). We usually denote various tints of the principal colours by employing flower or mineral names, with this distinction, that the flower names become adjectival without any suffix, as pink, rose, violet, lavender, mauve, primrose, saffron, &c.; whereas usually the mineral names are either given an adjectival form, as golden, silvern, leaden, ashen, &c., or are prefixed to another word, as steel-blue, iron-gray, coal-black. Turquoise, ruby, and terra-cotta are exceptions, being now accepted as adjectives denoting the respec- tive hues. ‘ Blood-red’’ and flesh- coloured’? are compounds borrowed from other sources, but “salmon’’ suffices by itself. Modistes exercise a liberal fancy in coining names for new dyes. Previous to 1859 we had no term denoting one of the commonest colours among flowers, viz., the red-purple of some thistles, the bloody cranesbill (Geranium sanguineum), &c.; but in that year were fought the battles of Magenta and Solferino—names which were at once applied to different shades of crimson. ‘*Solferino,”’ a lively cherry hue, is heard of no more; milliners call that tint cerise ; but ‘“‘ magenta”’ has taken root so firmly in our speech that we print it without a capital initial. Some of these millinery names are quaint enough. In the reign of Louis XV. a dull yellow, such as we now call “old gold,” became fashionable in Paris, and was termed by the modistes ‘“caqué de Dauphin.” Five-and-twenty years ago a pale pink was in vogue in Paris and London, known as ‘‘ cuisse de nymphe émue.” HERBERT MAXWELL. Modeste contribution d’un Frangais :— Les vins appelés ‘ vins gris”’ sont des vins ordinaires qui ne contiennent, d'une fagon générale, ni plus ni moins d’alcool que les vins ordinaires rouges et blancs. Les “ vins gris ’’ ne sont pas spécialement plus capiteux que les vins rouges et vins blancs ordinaires de France, et ne sauraient, par conséquent, tirer leur nom de la propriété de “ griser” plus facilement les gens. Leur nom provient-il de ce que, le plus souvent, leur couleur n’est pas un rose franc, mais un rose jaunatre, mal défini, présentant de grandes variétés ? C'est fort possible. Je crois, pour ma part, que le mot “ gris” est ici employé, comme en beaucoup d'autres cas, pour indiquer |’ état intermédiaire entre deux états extrémes: l'état entre le blanc et le rouge (couleurs extrémes des vins de France), comme il indique l'état entre le blane et le noir, entre le blanc et le brun (cassonade grise), et, figurément, entre la raison et l’ivresse (gris: étre & moitié ivre), entre la gaité et la tristesse (pensées, idées grises), entre le bon et le mauvais (faire grise mine & quelqu’un, lui faire médiocre accueil). COMMANDANT DUAULT. Burleigh House, Sydenham Hill, 8.E. This is evidently the same kind of wine as that known in Austria under the name of “Schiller,” which I always understood was produced by mixing the white and black grapes. A. Molé’s French-German diction- ary (Braunschweig, 1845) gives “ vin gris= bleichrother Wein, Bleicher’’; and in the German part: ‘“Bleicher=vin clairet ; Bleicher aus Languedoc=de la blanquette ; dunkelrothe Bleicher= vin | |

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392 NOTES AND QUERIES. (108. IX. May 16, 1908. CIRENCESTER Town Hatt (10 S. ix. 149,' In the Protocol Book of Robert Broun, 217, 277, 338).—One of the seven major quoted in the Archeological and Historical wonders of Provence is the “ vis de Saint- Collections relating to Ayrshire and Galloway Gilles,’ a newel staircase which formerly (vol. vii. 1894), there is a notarial instru- gave access to the triforium in the church ment in which Janet Aslowane, lawful at St. Gilles (Gard). It is now outside the | daughter and heir of the late David Aslowane, building, together with the tower through skinner, burgess of Edinburgh, begotten which its way is bored. ‘Its peculiarity,’ | between him and Helen Achesoun his spouse, to quote A. J. C. Hare, who cites The, but wife of Master John Ray, schoolmaster Guardian, 25 March, 1855, consists of the said burgh, &c. The precept is dated “in its being covered by a circular vault which | 1 Nov., 1612. curves with the curve of the steps, forming a kind There is also a charter by Alexander of corkscrew or annular vault—S. Giles’s screw. | Achesoun of Gosfurde (‘ 6, 7 Nov., 1575’’). Such was the celebrity of the masonry of this stair- ALFRED CHAS. JONAS. ‘South-Eastern France,’ p. 415. 246, 2).— , Sr. SwitTHIn. for correcting my rendering of Robert Bell 2 Wheler’s name as ‘‘ Wheeler,’ but I cannot 9 cere i“ AYRSHIRE (10 S. ix. 91, accept his suggestion that the memorial 215).—As Mr. G. A. Morcan in his reply | group of buildings at Stratford is the deferred asks whether there are any families of this | fyition of Britton’s idea. The most name now existing in Scotland, it may be | essential point in his proposal was that it of some service to him to mention that the | snould be erected at “the theatre of his form Aitchison is at present not an uncom- fame,” i.e., London mon surname in some parts of the country.| “pp. Wade's project was anticipated by at One recalls from other days, with interest least ten years :— —— elocutionary ie A project was originated in the year 1820 for y: Ss St|of Shakespeare, in the nature of a museum, was inveriably attractive, winning especially | cenotaph, é temple; and its promoters agreed _ to the favour of his younger auditors, and select Stratford-upon-Avon as the most ¢ esirable reaching the high top of his achievement in | jt¢ for gach a monument."—Britton's * Auto- : iography,’ Appendix 20. his recitation of the stanzas devoted in ALECK ABRAHAMS Childe Harold’ to the suddenly interrupted ball. Later he passed to pursuits in which Smron DE Montrort’s Portrait (10 §. there was no call or scope for the exercise | ix. 309).—A figure of Simon de Montfort of rhetorical gifts, and his place knew not his | is on the reredos in Cheltenham College like again. A relative till quite recently Chapel. It was sculptured by the well- was manager on an estate near the scenes| known firm Messrs. Boulton & Sons of associated with the other’s distinction, and Cheltenham, who doubtless still have the it is not impossible that this member of the | model from which the figure was executed. stock may have representatives whose A. A. H. information would be useful. Tuomas Bayne. Although this is no direct reply, it may interest H. D. to note that in the roofless Among the | records of the Burgh of priory of the Trinity at Dinard, Brittany, Lanark there is a charter of Queen Mary | are two beautiful mural tombs with recum- to Alexander Cheisholme, &c., of the lands! bent figures on them (habited in full armour) of Wamiraflatt and others, “as in No. 99,/ of the brothers Ollivier and Godefroy de which had been personally resigned by | Montfort, who in the fourteenth century James _Achesoun.” The Register of the | built this priory. These brothers were con- Privy Seal gives the name of the grantee temporaries with, and fellow-crusaders of, as Alexander Achesoun, son of Alexander! Simon de Montfort, and doubtless of the Achesoun in Prestoun (1548-9). But in a/ same blood. Haroup MAtet, Col. charter by Queen Mary to her servitor James Achesoun (we learn he was Master A CoRNISH APPARITION (10 8. ix. 325).— of the Mint) in life rent, “and Alexander | What age was Mr. Drew when he wrote his Achesoun, son of Alexander Achesoun in| account of the apparition? Some people Prestoun, heritably, of the lands,” &c.| have curiously inaccurate memories _con- (1546-7). genitally, and are considered to be wilfully

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10 S. IX. May 16, 1908.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 393 deceptive, when they in reality believe their impressions to be correct. Others grow untrustworthy as a result of senile changes in the brain. Many years ago I was told of an old super- stition. The narrator represented it at one time as a personal experience, at another time as an experience which had _ befallen a kinswoman. At a later day the same thing appeared in print, having been taken down by a folk-lorist from some one who avowed that he, or she, had been the princi- pal person concerned. Many old people relate, as if they had happened to themselves, tales which they heard in youth. Sometimes they will even imagine that they endured what really befell a member of another generation, and distort the narrative which grows out of this conviction by their introduction of sen- timents natural to their own type of mind, but quite foreign to the character of the person who in truth went through the experience. As to the apparition, it seems to have been one of the traditional forms of the tricksy sprite whom Shakespeare and _ his contemporaries knew as Puck. He is be- lieved to appear in many shapes, but he apparently prefers that of a horse, both in England and on the Continent. Occa- sionally he will show himself like a_ bear, or huge shaggy dog with some equine or asinine characteristic. In the Cornish case he had the footfall of a horse. ‘* The unearthly lustre of the eyes”? he shared with the “ black dogs,” ‘ barghests,’” and similar hobgoblins common in English tradi- tion, ‘Fiery eyes like tea-saucers,” or “like gig-lamps,”’ are often ascribed to them. W. M. The apparition is said to have been like a large dog or a bear. Puck, as Shak- speare tells us, sometimes assumed the form of a headless bear. The barguest was a fairy which took the form of a mastiff. Possibly the spectre Manx hound mentioned by Walter Scott was a fairy of this sort. But it has been said to be the ghost of the Duchess of Gloucester, the unfortunate lady of Shakspeare’s play ‘Henry VI, It must, however, be very difficult to believe in the Cornish apparition. E. YARDLEY. Motto: ‘In Gop ts (10 viii. 270, 353).—The illustrated article by me in Smith’s ‘Old Yorkshire,’ vol. iii. N.S., must have been taken from The Reliquary, X. 52-4, where I first announced the true reading of the inscription quoted by Words- worth as us ayde”’ and illustrated it by a lithograph of a tracing from a —— Durham. ‘RAISINS OF THE CURE”: “ RAISINS OF THE Some” (10 S. ix. 308, 375).—Is not the latter phrase a misreading or miswriting of ‘‘raisins of the sonne,” that is, ‘‘ raisins of the sun’’? Cf. ‘ Winter’s Tale,’ IV. iii. 52. The best raisins were made of grapes: dried in the sun; the rest of grapes dried in an oven. Davip SALMON. Swansea, Raisins of the sun or raisins of the sun stone are mentioned in old recipes of the eighteenth century, and they were raisins, as we know them, distinguished from Corinth raisins or currants, which were generally spoken of as raisins. HERBERT SOUTHAM. No doubt the last word is a misreading of the manuscript for ‘‘ Sonne ”’ or ‘‘ Sunne.” ‘** Raisins of the sun”’ are sun-dried grapes. ‘*Cure”’ is no doubt a form of * Corinth ’— ‘‘raisins of Corinth” being currants. See the ‘N.E.D. under both ‘currant’ and ‘ raisin.’ ALBERT MATTHEWS. Boston, U.S. AvuTHORS OF QvoTATIONS WANTED (10S. ix. 288).—The line No chaffinech but implies the cherubim is Mrs. Browning’s. The stanza begins Nothing ’s small ; No lily-muffled hum of a summer bee But finds some coupling with the spinning stars. TREDEGAR. Tredegar Park, Newport, Mon. F. M. N. (ante, p. 328) may like to know that the Rifle Brigade play ‘I’m ninety- five’? because the Brigade was the old 95th Regiment of Foot. The author of the ballad I’m ninety-five, I’m ninety-five, And to keep single I'll contrive, was asked for at 3 S. x. 108, the refrain quoted there being A maid Iam, and a maid I ‘Ildie; Love to me is all in my eye. R. J. FYNMORE. Time ReEcKONING (10 S. ix. 289).—It is difficult to answer such questions categoric- ally, because changes of the kind are not made simultaneously at different places, but the following remarks may be of use to your correspondent.

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394 NOTES AND QUERIES. ios. Ix. May 16, 1908. The word “day” has an unfortunate, | I possess the manuscript of Bell’s Intro- but unavoidable ambiguity, as it may mean duction to his ‘Catalogue,’ and with this the duration of daylight between sunrise there is a printed ‘ Errata,’ evidently for use and sunset (which of course varies at in a future edition, but, so far as I know, different places according to their latitudes), never published. In this ‘Errata’ there or the whole period between two successive is a correction carried out on the same times of noon or midnight, which is called page (33), but no alteration is made of the the civil day, and is of invariable length, statement that no copies were printed on as it includes day and night (or night and demy. This of course means that, even day, vvy@yjuepov, as the Greeks called it, | after mature deliberation, Bell saw no reason showing that they had derived it from to alter his statement. the ancient method of reckoning the night’ I cannot remember ever to have seen @ before the day). Now though the Romans demy copy in the second edition, nor are there reckoned this whole duration from midnight any in the very complete Bewick collection to midnight, as we do, they took the hours bequeathed by Mr. Pease to Newcastle in from the natural day. Thus in Horace, 1904, although examples of both the royal Ep. I. xvii. 6, octavo and imperial octavo are included. Si te grata quies et primam somnus in horam _ The prospectus of a second edition Delectat, of Hugo’s ‘Catalogue’ with Bell's name it is evident that prima hora means the hour attached, is particularly interesting. I have immediately after sunrise, and Francis not seen this edition, and believe it never renders Or after sunrise love an hour of rest. Also in the ‘ Georgies,’ iii. 327, Virgil has Inde, ubi quarta sitim cceli collegerit hora, the sense clearly indicating that the time intended is that when midday is approaching, and the heat increases the feeling of thirst. By degrees, however, modern nations found it more convenient, as time was regu- lated by clocks, to take the civil day, as the Romans did, from midnight to midnight, | /was issued. Hugo and Bell were in fairly ‘close touch with each other, but no work ‘bearing their names together appears to exist. | As to the Addenda to the ‘ British Birds,’ first issued in 1821, the blocks were in- corporated in the sixth edition (1826), of _which full details are given in my ‘ Life’ ‘at pp. 239-40. D. Croat THomson. | Kenleith, Highgate. | PATTENS IN THE CHURCH PorcH (10 38. and (though this was not universally done) ix, 268, 336).—The late Rev. R. N. Sharpe, to distribute the hours into two divisions | Vicar of St. Mary’s, Rochdale, told me that —before and after noon. They are thus when he came to that town in 1852 it was reckoned (ante and post meridiem) in Tycho not unusual to find a notice in the porches Brahé’s ‘ Historia Colestis.’ Astronomers, , of the outlying churches, “* Please put off your however, generally preferred, following | pattens.” W. C. B. Ptolemy, to reckon the whole twenty-four | hours commencing at noon, which has the My grandmother Maria Meyer, née Snow, advantage of including all the observations used to say the clerk would give out, amongst of each night under one date. Flamsteed others, the following lines to the people therefore adopted this method, which became assembled in the parish church at Southam, universal, although Sir John Herschel con- co. Warwick, in reference to the incumbent sidered that it was on the whole less con- | of the place :— venient than the ordinary or civil usage. ' Mark well the upright man, W. T. Lynx. | Coming to church with his pattens an. T. CHAMBERLIN TIMs. _ Bewicktana (10S. ix 307).—All the ques-| ttle Bourton, near Banbury. tions raised by your correspondent WHITE Live relating to Bewick and his publications) Primitive OaTHs aAmMonG Savaces (10 8. are interesting. As my name is mentioned ix. 309).—James Endell Tyler’s book * Oaths : in connexion with one or two of these ques- | their Origin, Nature, and History,’ London, tions, I ask to be permitted to reply. 1834, contains a considerable amount of J. G. Bell, in his ‘Catalogue of Bewick’s curious data relating to oaths. It attracted Works,’ 1851, is definite in his statement that a good deal of attention when issued, and demy copies of the 1805 edition of ‘ British Birds’ were not published; yet Bewick’s letter, given in full in my ‘ Life and Works of Bewick,’ is equally definite to the contrary. Quarterly L | I may mention that at the time of the Brad- was reviewed at length in The Edinburgh Review, vol. lix. (July, 1834), and in The Review, vol. xi. (April, 1838). | | |

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= 10 8. IX. May 16, 198] NOTES AND QUERIES. laugh controversy Gladstone was hunting | 395 She used to tell a story at which Dickens round the bookshops for a copy of Tyler’s | was said to have been much amused. When book. This work remained the only important | book on oaths until 1876, when Mr. E. BB.) ‘Tylor (the similarity in name between the | two authorities is a curious coincidence) | contributed to Macmillan’s Magazine for | May, 1876, a remarkable article on ‘ Ordeals and Oaths,’ largely in connexion with their practice and survival among primitive and savage peoples. This article is the one which Mr. THornton should first see. I may add that Mr. E. B. Tylor in ‘ Ordeals and Oaths’ refers to and quotes the earlier work by J. E. Tyler, alluding to it as “the valuable treatise on oaths.” The article on ‘Oaths’ in the ninth edition of ‘The Encyclopedia Britannica’ was written by Mr. E. B. Tylor, and published in the early eighties, subsequent to the Macmillan article, and may therefore contain fresh matter. A. L. Humpnreys. 187, Piccadilly, W. PortsMouTH STREET, No. 14 (10 S. ix. 346).—Of this house and its fictitious halo of interest in being dubbed, for ‘‘ business ”’ purposes, “The Old Curiosity Shop, im- mortalized by Charles Dickens,’ Charles Dickens the Younger tells us :— “With mere unintelligent and unsupported fable { do not intend to trouble myself—with the absurd credulity, for instance, which inducessome travellers to believe, when they are told by the guides whom they pick up at the hotels, that the house in Portsmouth Street which has in some oe way come to be labelled the Old Curiosity Shop has anything in the remotest degree to do with the ‘story, I shall in no way concern myself.”—‘ Notes on some Dickens Places and People,’ by Charles /made with cats’ bells on them. Dickens the Younger, in Mall Magazine, July, 1896. | ‘The author of these ‘ Notes’ died in the same | year that they appeared. It is the Old Curiosity Shop, No. 24, | Fetter Lane, which lays claim to the sympa- thetic interest of Dickens-admirers. There the homely inn on Ludgate Hill was kept by her grandfather, it was at one time fairly overrun with rats. The landlord and drawer—who, by the way, had both been mutilated in the wars—laid their heads together, and had six sets of toy-harness Having caught six large rats, they harnessed them and set them free, with the result that all their relatives took fright and disappeared for ever (see The Globe, 1891, in Oct., Nov., or Dec.). The device, it may be noted, does not seem to have been quite original. In ‘The Modern Husbandman,’ IV. i. 185, the sufferer from the rodents’ ravages is advised to “Tie a morrice bell about the neck of a catch’d rat.” Not a vestige of “The Green Man” on Ludgate Hill re- mained in 1879. J. HotpEN MacMIcHaeEt. Deene, Streatham. It was, as nearly as I can recollect, about 1886 that the keeper of a shop (now re- moved for improvements) quite close to Portsmouth Street told me he had _ himself made the original suggestion to adapt the legend ‘“‘The Old Curiosity Shop” to the then occupier of the latter premises, who would presumably be the one mentioned in Mr. Tesseyman’s letter of December, 1883. Whatever might be the true locus of the Dickens narrative, nothing is more certain than that it was not in Portsmouth Street, Lincoln’s Inn Fields. In ‘ The Real Dickens Land, 1903, Mr. H. Snowden Ward tells us that Dickens himself placed it in Green Street, Leicester Square. W: See 9S, vii. 509; viii. 88; 108. iv. 433. JOHN T. PaGeE. BENNETT OF Batpock (10 S. ix. 228, 333).—Sir Robert Benett, Surveyor of the was an inn with the sign of “The Green Works of Windsor Castle, was knighted Man”’ on Ludgate Hill, which was once kept at Greenwich, 11 June, 1619, and was M.P. ‘by a grandfather of the Mrs. Haines whose for Windsor in 1621-2 and 1625. According Old Curiosity Shop at 24, Fetter Lane to the ‘ Visit. of Berks dl (Harl. Soc.), he was was a chosen haunt of Charles Dickens in| twice married: (1) to Elizabeth, dau. and heir his younger days ; and it is this place that of Robert Garnett of Broxbourne, Herts, and is generally accepted as having inspired Dickens with his idea, and his pen with the description. Mrs. Haines, whom I remember well, and who died in May, 1892, had previously removed with her married daughter to a by-way of Bloomsbury, near Theobalds Road, where the business was continued. widow of Abraham Harewell—she died s.p. ; (2) to Etheldreda [elsewhere called Audrey], dau. of John Page of Harrow, and widow of John Plumer of London, by whom he had three sons and three daughters. He proved his brother Leonard’s will in May, 1642, and was living on 10 May, 1644, when he _Was assessed by the Parliamentary Committee = | L 3

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396 NOTES AND QUERIES. (10 8. IX. May 16, 1908. at 1,000/., but appears to have got off on 14 June following ‘“‘for the 140/. lent, being his proportion on oath.” W. D. PINK. Some light may be thrown on the ancestors of Bishop Benett by a plea recorded in the Court of Requests, Bundle III. item 220 (in the time of Henry VII. or VIITI.), Robert Benet v. John Kempe and Thomas Clarke re will of John Talke (or Tawke) of Hayling, and perhaps Fereham and Havant, Hants, which gives ages of witnesses and details of family affairs. John Talke of Havant married Julian, daughter of Thomas Benett of Reading, Berks, and their daughter Alice Talke married John Kempe. Edward IXempe, of Hereford, in his will proved 1615, mentions many leases of church lands which he held by grant from his ‘ uncle’ Benett, Lord Bishop of Hereford; he also states that he had borrowed money from his aunt’ Benett ; but how the relationship is to be explained is not clear. The plea would seem to show that Thomas Benett of Reading was a common ancestor of John Kempe and the Bishop. FRED. 6, Beechtield Road, Catford, S.E. Wuite Ensign: Nationa Frac (10 S. Ix, 128, 154, 174, 255, 292).—With all deference to True Briron, I do not think I am mistaken, though I should be glad to find that that were the case. The letter of Lord Knollys was noticed in the corre- spondence of three years ago. This letter ot His Majesty’s private secretary did not pretend to have the force of an Order in Council, or to override the existing Order. What is wanted now is that the letter should be followed by an Order in Council regulating the practice. I have not the papers at hand, but the subject was brought up in Parliament subsequent to the Coronation, and the Government declined to take action, leaving the matter where it, I believe, still Is, viz., that the Briton is not authorized to fly the Union Jack, and that in fact we have no recognized National Flag. The fact that at the Duke of Devonshire’s funeral the Union Jack was floated at Chats- worth half-mast does not prove that this was in order. During the Coronation week | the Duke of Abercorn, in a house above | mine in Green Street, flew a Union Jack | with the Hamilton arms on a shield in the | centre ; but I doubt whether this is correct. | At 40, Green Street, I flew the East Anglian | flag. I have noticed it mentioned in several | cases lately that at funerals coffins have been covered with the Union Jack. This is: natural, and I should wish to be able to say, proper; but it is not long ago that— as I have already mentioned—an officer pointed out in The Times what he considered to be the enormity of this impropriety in cases in which the deceased was not of the Army or Navy. As matters stand, that officer’s contention was, I believe, in order. But it is just this “ inconvenient position” which I wish to see authoritatively disposed of. J. H. Rivert-Carnac. Schloss Rothberg, Switzerland. True Briron remarks: Devonians constantly float a Devonian flag.” Is not this a slip? To what does True Briron allude ? Harry Hews. Fair Park, Exeter. ‘THe Times’ as “THE THUNDERER” (10 S. ix. 348).—There is a passage in Car- lyle’s ‘Life of John Sterling’ (written in 1851), Part I. chap. i, which appears to tell us how and when The Times came to be spoken of as “The Thunderer.” Carlyle, speaking of John Sterling’s father, says :-— “Of Edward Sterling, Capt. Edward Sterling as his title was, who in the latter period of his life became well known in London political society, whom indeed all England, with a curious mixture of mockery and respect and even fear, knew well as ‘the Thunderer of the 7’imes Newspaper,’ there were much to be said.” In another passage (Part III. chap. v.) Carlyle tells us :-— “The emphatic, big-voiced, always influential and often strongly unreasonable Times N ee was the express emblem of Edward Sterling; he, more than any other man or circumstance, ias the Times Newspaper, and thundered through it to the shaking of the spheres.” A. L. MAYHEW. Oxford. ‘English Journalism,’ by Charles Pebody, 1882, p. 114, says :— “There was no writing in the Press in those days [1830-40] like Edward Sterling’s—nothing to be compared with it in boldness, freshness, point, and vigour. It was the thundering of Jove; and, in fact, it was the writing of Edward Sterling that gave The Times the name of the ‘Thunderer.’ The story runs that Sterling began one of his articles in this style: ‘When we thundered the day_before yesterday’; and 7imes thenceforth, half in mockery, half in admiration, came to be called the ‘Thunderer.’ Capt. Sterling was the Thunderer ; and Carlyle has given us a picturesque sketch of the Thunderer at work : ‘ At one in the morning, when all had vanished into sleep, his lamp was kindled in his library ; and there, twice or thrice a week, for a three hours’ space, he launched his bolts, which next morning were to shake the high places: of the World” The whole country listened to the voice of the Thunderer, and generally recognized

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10 S. IX. May 16, 1908.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 397 its own voice in the voice of 7’he Times. This is “what the multifarious Babel Sound did mean to say in clear words—this, more nearly than anything else’; and it was because Sterling did this, and di it so well, that 7'he Times became the power it was in the world at the time.” URLLAD. The Times was called ‘‘ The Thunderer ”’ between 1844 and 1850 by party papers on both sides. In 1850 during the Papal Aggression scare, one of the Catholic papers referred to it as ‘‘ Jupiter Puddledock,” after the name of a wharf on the Thames in the Blackfriars district, in which the “* printing house ”’ is situate. WALTER SCARGILL. See 4 S. vii. 456, 524, 553; viii. 52, 426. Capt. Edward Sterling in a leader used the words ‘* We thundered out,” and from this, it is said, arose the nickname of The Times. He died in 1847. The incident leading to the use of the words quoted above occurred prior to 1837. R. J. Fynmore. [Mr. HotpEN MacMicuarn and T. M. W. also thanked for replies. | EuizABETH SARAH ViLLA (10 S. ix. 229).—Elizabeth Sarah, daughter of William Villa Real of Edwinstow, married William Thomas, second son of Sir Thomas Gooch {third Baronet), on 13 May, 1775 (Gent. Mag., xlv. 254). According to Burke’s ‘ Peerage,’ they had two sons, William and Henry Robert. Towards the end of 1778 Mrs. Gooch was detected in a liaison with Rauzzini the musician at Bath. For some time she lived abroad, and was divorced from her husband in 1781. Her numerous amours were very notorious, and her frailty was much talked of in the newspapers and magazines of the period. In March, 1788, she published * An Appeal to the Public,’ and in December, 1792, ‘“‘ The Life of Mrs. Gooch, written by herself.’ She is said to have brought her husband a fortune of 50,000/. Horace BLEACKLEY. ‘DicTIONARY OF NATIONAL BIOGRAPHY : Eprrome, 1903’ (10 8S. ix. 21, 83, 152, 211, 294).—Having given my authority for the John Savile entry, I do not desire to split straws with Mr. Davey; but I may say the main point is still obscure. My copy of the ‘Epitome,’ under Savile, does not refer in any way to his connexion with our National Anthem. Does Mr. Davey deny that Savile wrote either the words or music of what we know as ‘ God Save the King’ ? Wo. JAGGARD. BIBLioGRAPHY OF EasTER (10 ix. 305). ‘Some Easter Legacies.’ —G/lobe, 2 Ap., 1902. ‘A Russian Easter’ and ‘ The Easter Egg.’—G/lobe, but undated ‘ turnovers.” Faster Cakes.’—(ilohe, 25 Ap., 1903. ‘Easter Customs.’-—Daily 7'e/eyraph, 11 Ap., 1903. * Pasyue-Flowers.’— The Lady, 12 Ap., 1900. a Easter Customs.’—Lvreniny 14 Ap., “4 Quaint Good Friday Custom.’— Daily Telegraph, 30 March, 1907. ‘aster in Russia.’—Chambers’s Journal, 9 March, 95. ‘The Hare and Easter.—10 S. iv. 306; v. 375. ‘Easter Custom: Dancing of the Sun.’—Creed Coll. of Tavern Signs in British Museum, vol. xiii., s.v. § Sun.’ Cremer’s ‘ Easter Eggs.’ ‘Kaster Lifting and Easter Egys.’—Gent. May., 1784, part i. p. 96; 1831, part ii. p. 408. , * Pasque Eggs.’ —IJbid., 1788, part i. pp. 188-9. *‘ Easter Heaving.’—/h. 1790, part ii. p. 719. _Easter-tide.—Brand’s * Antiquities,’ pas- sim. * Legacy of Pies.’-—Dai/y Mail, 24 Ap., 1905. ‘Recollections of Easter Holidays in the South of Italy..— Penny Magazine, 25 Ap., and 2 May, 1835. J. MacMicnaet. May I venture to add the following ? ‘Spola, Easter Day in Rome, 1849: a Link in the Chain of Italian Unity.—Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, New Series, vol. v. (1891), p. 177. Proceedings of the Literary and Philoxophical Society of Liverpool, vol. xlvi. (1892), Appendix. J. Foster PAaLmer. 8, Royal Avenue, S.W. ** BLOODING A witcH” (10 S. ix. 328).— The reputation of Edward Fairfax, translator of Tasso’s ‘ Gerusalemme Liberata’ and of ‘Godfrey of Bulloigne,’ and author of some minor works — ‘“‘a singular scholar in all sorts of learning —was probably not diminished in his own credulous age by the fact that he was a convinced believer in witchcraft, of which he had, as he imagined, abundant evidence in his own family. The incidents of the visitation were recorded by him in a sort of diary, a transcript of which came, at the sale of the Fairfax MSS., into the hands of Sir Thomas Phillipps (No. 10666 in his collection), and is now in my possession. It is an 8vo volume of 311 pages, entitled ** A Discourse of | Witchcraft | as it was acted in the Family | of Mt Edward Fairfax of | Fuystone in the County of | Yorke in the Year 1621 | From the original Copy | written with his own hand. | Sibi parat malum, qui | alteri parat.”* The transcriber informs us that Edward was the natural brother of Sir Thomas, after- wards Lord Fairfax, “‘ and yet liveth, 1631.” a D.N.B.’ says the MS. has been printed in the Philobiblon Miscellanies.

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5308 NOTES AND QUERIES. [10 8. IX. May 16, 1908 The torments were inflicted by six witches (whose names are recorded) upon Edward’s two daughters (Hellen, aged twenty-one, and Elizabeth, a girl of seven), as well as upon a neighbour's child aged twelve. Fairfax refers (p. 159) to the various devices or charms suggested for the dissolving of the witches’ power :— “The saying of certain words in set Formes, y° heating of iron tongs, y scratching of ye witch, and y’ like be covenants also to dissolve y*® bargain | between y° Devill and them, and so to heal per- chance y® Partie grieved. seeke help by some of these means, expecially by. ye scratching, Which was urged unto me as a remidy I was often moved to | | 3 May, 1904 ordained ot God, but I could never believe it to be | so, tor circumstances......We left therefore their charmes, Tongs, & scratchings to them yt put confidence in y" & to y® Devill who devised y™, and only relyed upon y® goodness of God and invoked his help, with- out tempting him by prescribeing vy" meanes, but attended his mercy, w°® he hath not wtholden from us.” J. Exvior HopGkxrn. Str Henry Docwra (10 S. ix. 31, 58, 76, I well know God is not tyed by Formes & | 116, 215).—A further reference to my notes | will, I fear, hardly substantiate my previous | view of the parentage of this knight. Thomas Doecwra of Putteridge, sen., died in 1602 aged 84. His son Thomas, who married Jane Periam, died in 1612. While it is not impossible that the latter should be father of Sir Henry, who was knighted in. 1597, but who distinguished himself still earlier in the Irist wars, without clearer evidence than at present within reach it would be unsafe to assume that kinship. I note the will of an Edward Docwray of Thatcham, Berks, proved in P.C.C. in 1545, which might throw some light upon the subject. W. D. May Day: Maypote (10S. ix. 345).— ‘London in Olden Time,’ by Wm. Newton, 1855» p. 14 (St. Andrew Undershaft). * Aldwych,’ by Charles Gordon (Mr. John Ash- : ton). Chappell’s ‘ Popular Music of the Olden Time.’ FE. Higgins’s *‘ Hebrew Idolatry,’ 1875 (four refer- ences). Godfrey Higgins’s ‘Celtic Druids’: authorities on Phallic Tree Worship. Maurice’s * Antiquities of India.’ Letter trom Col. Pearce in the ‘ Asiatic Re- searches,’ vol. ii. p. 338. *May Day on Shooter’s Hill. Three Ceuturies Ago.’—Achkermann’s Repository, Jan., 18238, p. 2. Christopher Brown’s ‘Tavern Anecdotes,’ 1825, pp. 80-81. ‘The Maypole.” By Geo. Clinch, English Ilus- trated Mayazine, May, 1894. Maypole set up in the Strand again; see J. T. Various Smith’s * Antiquarian Rambles,’ 1846, vol. i. p. 360. Cunningham’s ‘ London,’ p. 475, col. 2. ‘The Derbyshire Gatherer,’ 1880, by Wm. An- drews, p. 208. *‘May-Day Observances.’ //ome Circle, 31 May, 1851, 344 and 405. Mrs. Murray-Aynsley’s ‘Symbolism of East and. West,’ 1900 (Maypole, p. 123). er * Londiniana,’ vol. iii. pp. 224, 242, and ‘An Entertainment on May Day at Sir Wm. Cornwallis’s House at Highgate,’ in 1614 (Ben. Jonson). Penny Post, 1 May, 1871, p. 126. Timbs’s ‘Something for Everybody,’ p, 60. ‘May Day at Knutsford’ — Daily Telegraph, ‘May Morning on Magdalen Tower.’ — Daily Express, May 1, 1900. May Day in Ireland, and in Italy.—Both on one page of the Mirror, but undated. ‘Sweeps and May Day.—Lvening News, 1 May, 1902 (Jack in the Green). The Duk-Duk dancing festival in the Duke of York Island in the Indian archipelago exhibits. points resembling those in our Jack-in-the-Green. *May Day Custom at Tilsworth, Bedfordshire.” —Household Words, June, 1900. ; Padstow’s Hobby Horse.’—//our Glass, 30 Ap., May Carols, by Miss A. M. Waketield, in Nine- teenth Century, vol. xli. (Jan.-June, 1897), p. 722. ‘Knots of May.’— Antiyvary, June, 1894 (vol. Xxix. p. 274). ‘Funebria Flore: the Downfall of May Games,’ by Thomas Hall, 1660. The sounding of trumpets on May Day was still continued at Oxford, Cambridge, London, and other places in 1851 (see The Home Circle, 31 May, of that year). Dr. Clarke in his * Travels’ has an interesting passage on the custom, which he refers to the ancient worship of Diana, at whose festival horns were blown. The Maypole which stood longest in the vicinity of town, according to Hone, was that near Kennington Green, at the south corner of Workhouse Lane, leading from Vauxhall Road to Elizabeth Place. It re- mained till 1795, and was much frequented, especially by milkmaids. J. Ho~tpEN MacMIcHaeEt. THE CARNWATH PEDIGREE (10 S. viii. 445, 492; ix. 10)—I am clearly wrong in stating that the Hon. Sir John Dalzell (second son of the first Earl of Carnwath and grandfather of the second Baronet of Glenal, Sir John Dalzell), died 24 Feb., 1689, a few weeks only before his grandson. I was misled by Joseph Foster’s * Peerage’ and by ‘The Complete Baronetage.’ The reasoning in the communication at the last reference by Lyon King of Arms seems con- clusive as to the real date of death. F. pe H. L. li a t] a k H or of cc su al Sy hi: an it it er wl | in eu be! Br the the

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10 S. IX. May 16, 1908.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 399 Miscellaneous. NOTES ON BOOKS, &o. Folk-lore as an Historical Science. By George Laurence Gomme. (Methuen & Co.) In his latest contribution to the study of folk-lore, Mr. Gomme undertakes to show that the historians and anthropologists of the British Islands, and of Europe at large, would do well to investigate the traditions of that section of the people which has been but slightly affected by the evolution of modern society. He is convinced that popular belief and custom over and over again lead hack *““to some unexplored epoch of history......which has left us the heritage of its mental strivings” in an oral form. Comparative folk-lore, he insists, must prove of value if it is founded on scientific poe The unmeaning prejudices of a Juropean peasant, which are, as it were, encysted in an invading civilization, have come down from a date when peoples of savage or barbaric culture occupied the countries now dominated by modern ideas. ‘Every nation has the right to go back as far in its history as it is possible to reach. It can only do this by the help of comparative folk-lore.” Here in Britain, though we are unusually rich in historical records, history breaks down. ‘The traditional materials known to us as folk-lore are the only means left to us, and we can only properly avail ourselves of these when we have mastered the methods of science which it is necessary to use in their investigation.” Even with these methods it must be allowed that the task has its difficulties. The patient faith of the scientific man can move mountains— comparative geology has shown that; but since the natives of Europe are of mongrel breed, it will he a hard task to demonstrate from which race in the pedigree of a nation an idea has‘descended. English people of primitive mind, who do not understand civilized thought or civilized religion, may in the first instance have derived their way of viewing the universe through Scandinavian, Germanic, Celtic, pre-Celtic,and yet other ‘‘fore-elders.” From which line of ancestry did a Lincolnshire villager inherit the tradition that if a spark flies out of the fire, and burns a_hole in a woman’s apron above the knee, she will have a child before a year has gone ? Here we plainly have a primitive conception of the origin of life. It is archaic enough to be worthy of an Australian “ black-fellow.” Whence has it come? We require to know not only what beliefs have survived the opposition of inimical theories, but also from what stock they sprang. and of what social system they formed a part. ‘*To be of service to history, each floating fragment of ancient custom and belief must not only be labelled ‘ancient,’ but it must be placed back in the system from which it has been torn away.” Not till this is to a great extent accomplished will it be revealed to us what the social order of the different kindreds trom whom the modern European springs was like, and in what degree various races followed similar customs. In writing of the traditions which Mr. Gomme believes to date from ‘‘the days when London Bridge was a marvel” he has forgotten to mention that several riddles of an ancient type begin with the words: ‘* As I went over London Bridge.” BooksELLers’ CATALOGUES.—MAY. Mr. Epwarp Baker, of Birmingham, has in his Catalogue 245 a number of works in English Topography, Heraldry, Genealogy, &c. Under London we find Boulton’s ‘Amusements,’ 2 vols., 4to, 1/. 1s. ; ‘ Life of Carpenter,’ founder of the City of London School, 9s. ; Chamberlain’s ‘ London and Westminster,’ 1/. 10s., and ‘London Interiors,” published by command of Queen Victoria, a series of engravings, 1841, 1/. 5s. Among historical works are the first edition of Lady Hamilton’s ‘Secret History of the Court of George IIT. and IV.,’ 2 vols. in 1, 1832, 4/7. 4s., and Traill and Mann’s ‘Social England,’ 3/. 15s. Military works include regimental records. Under Royal Correspondence is ‘The Private Letters of Queen Victoria and Louis Philippe,’ 1848, 12mo, 2/.2s. There are interesting: itemsunder Parliamentary, including Chamberlain’s ‘Radical Programme,’ 1885. Among biographies are those of Bright, Mrs. Delany, Disraeli, De Foe,,. and Burke. Mr. Thomas Baker’s Catalogue 524 is, as usual,. chiefly theological. There is a nice copy of ‘Con- ciliorum Collectio Regia Maxima,’ 1715, 12 vols., folio, 12/7. 12s.; a large-paper copy of ‘ Anastasius: Bibliothecarius de Vitis Pontificum Romanorum, Rome, 1718-35, 4 vols., folio, 2/. 10s. ; and a fine copy of ‘ Baluzius Vitee Paparum Avenionensium,’ Paris, 1693, 2 vols., 4to, 10/7. 10s. Recent works include: Liddon’s ‘Life of Pusey,’ 4 vols., 1/. 8s. ; Pusey’s ‘Real Presence, 4s. Wordsworth’s ‘Church: History,’ 4 vols., 10s. 6d. ; his Bible (Old Testament). 12 parts, 1/.5s. ; and Palmer’s ‘Symbolism,’ coloured’ plates, 4to, 1/7. 10s. There are also many tracts and’ pamphlets. Mr. Francis Edwards publishes a List of Re- mainders. The first will commend itself to our readers—‘ Bibliographica,’ complete in 3 vols., half- morocco, by Zaehnsdorf, 3/. 10s. Some of the- contents are given. Other works are Binns’s ‘ Eng- lish Porcelain,’ coloured illustrations, 4to, 1906,. 1/. 1s.; Fielding’s Works, 11 vols., royal 8vo, 3/. > Col. Clarke’s translation of the ‘Odes of Hatfiz,” 2 vols., 4to, 1/7. 12s.; Pope’s Works, edited by Croker, Elwin, and Courthope, 10 vols., 2/. (pub- lished at 5/. 5s.) ; Smith and Wace’s ‘ Dictionary of Christian Biography,’ 4 vols., royal 8vo, 3/. 3s. (pub-_ lished at 6/. 16s.); and Seebohm’s ‘Family of Thrushes,’ 145 full-page hand-coloured plates,. 2 vols., folio, half-morocco, 12/. (published at 27/7. 6s. net). All the books show remarkable reductions: from the original prices. Messrs. Galloway & Porter, of Cambridge, send a: Clearance Catalogue. There are plenty of cheap items: volumes of Bohn’s Libraries, works under Cambridge, Classics, Books relating to Dante, Economics, Political Economy, Science, &e. Among more expensive works are Denton’s ‘ Moths and Butterflies,’ 15/.; Foster’s ‘ Heraldry,’ 1/. 11s. 6d. ; Stubbs’s ‘Constitutional History,’ 3 vols., 1/. 1s. ; and Taylor's ‘Scientific Memoirs,’ 6 vols., 3/. 3s. Mr. Elijah Johnson, also of Cambridge, has in his Catalogue 86a good modern list. We note Browning, 17 vols., 2/. 5s.; Bryan’s ‘ Painters,’ 5 vols., 1903,. 4/.5s.; Duruy’s ‘Greece,’ 8 vols., 3/. 3s.; Garnett and Gosse’s ‘ English Literature,’ 4 vols., 2/. 8s. ; and Yarrell’s ‘ Birds,’ 4 vols., 2/. 10s. There are some of Pickering’s ‘‘Diamond Classics.” Shakespeare, edited by Gollancz, Limited Edition, 12 vols., is 8/. 8s.; and the ‘Parchment Library Edition,” 12 vols., 1/. 10s. | r q ig LO 1e at th m e- d,. lil. in elk th 1et yn. ‘he j ast on-

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400 NOTES AND QUERIES. {10 S. IX. May 16, 1908. Mr. Alexander W. Macphailsendsfrom Edinburgh his Catalogue XCIV., containing much of, Scottish interest. Cochran-Patrick’s ‘ Coinage of Scotland, 2 vols., 4to, 1876, is 27. 5s.; and his ‘Catalogue of Medals,’ 1/. 1s. Ayrshire. items include Pater- son's ‘History,’ 5 vols., 1/. 15s.; and Edinburgh items, Ebsworth’s ‘ North View,’ privately printed, 1/. lx. Under Facsimiles are the ‘ National Manu- scripts,’ selected by Craig, 3 vols., large folio, 3/. 10s. Jervise’s ‘Epitaphs,’ 2 vols., 4to, is 2/, 15s. Under Scott is his portrait in oils after Raeburn, 1/. 5s.; and under Burns is a painting in oil of Burns's Cottage, 3/. 17s. : ther items include ie Tra- ditional Ballads,’ by Christie, 1/. 5s.; a set of George Eliot, 8 vols., half-calf, 3/. 3s.; Turgenieff’s Novels, Edition de Luxe, 16 vols., 3/. 10s.;. and Thackeray, 13 vols., half-morocco, 5/. 5s. There are numerous lots under Bric-’-Brac and water-colour views and prints. The latter include India-paper proof impression of *The Old Parliament Close and Public Characters of Edinburgh Fifty Years Ago,’ in black frame, 24in. by 17in., 2/. 2s.; framed key and pamphlet separately, 5s. : Messrs. Probsthain & Co. have added to their coliection of Oriental Catalogues a thirteenth, which is devoted entirely to Africa. The 48 pages comprise 1,258 items. Egypt and South Africa take up more than half the catalogue, but East and West Africa and the Barbary States are well repre- sented. It finishes with a large number of African dialects. We note among the items Murray’s ‘ Life of Bruce,’ 1/. 18s. ; Bunsen’s ‘ Egypt,’ 16s. ; Hay’s ‘Cairo,’ 2/. 2s.; Gordon Cumming’s ‘ Lion Hunter, 16s.; and ‘ Annales du Musée du Congo,’ 4 parts, 2/.10s. Many of the works are scarce. Catalogue 120 of Manuscripts of the dates 800 to 1500, from Mr. Ludwig Rosenthal of Munich, contains several items of importance. ‘ Acta Sanctorum,’ a MS on vellum of the seventh century, is priced at 2,000 marks. Another MS on vellum, ‘Antiphonale Ambrosianum, is 500m. We note a Greek MS of Aristophanes, Euripides, and Hesiod, of the fourteenth century, 800m., and other attractive MSS. of classical authors. Two splendid MSS. of St. Augustine, each 1,000m., are among the many valuable items of ecclesiastical interest. Missals abound. A ‘Speculum Humane ‘Salvationis,’ MS. on parchment in a handwriting of the Lower Rhine, is 8,000m. ‘Sibylla’ (4,000m.) MS. on vellum of the fourteenth century, is a curious account of the lifeand prophecies of the Sibylla Tiburtina on the Papacy. It has some miniatures which are good specimens of primitive art. Mr. D. Webster sends from Leeds his Catalogue for May, which contains several issues of the Chaleographical Society, 1887-94, 6/. 6s.; ‘The Works of Fielding,’ notes by Dr. J. P. Browne, 11 vols., 1902, 3/. 3s.; ‘Secret Memoirs of the Courts of Europe,’ Grolier Society, Edition de Luxe, 20 vols., 6/. 6s. ; a copy in original cloth, of Dickens’s ‘Grimaldi,’ first edition, 1838, 5/. 5s.; and a set of Archwoloyia, 1770-1849, full calf, 12/7. 17s. 6d. There are items under French Literature and French Novels. Messrs. Henry Young & Sons, of Liverpool, have in their Catalogue CCCXCL, under Architecture, Fritsch’s ‘Denkmaeler Deutscher Renaissance,’ 4 vols., folio, half-morocco, fine set, 1883-90, 9/7. 9s. ; it contains 300 magnificent plates. Under Bar- tolozzi is Thomson’s ‘Seasons,’ the edition with 20 engravings by Bartolozzi and Tomkins, folio, Bensley, 1797, 6/. 6s. The volume of Bewick’s ‘Vignettes,’ 1827, 4to, is 7/. 7s.; and the ‘Quad- rupeds,’ 1807, 6/. 6s. The first edition of Campbell's ‘Pleasures of Hope,’ 12mo, 1799, is 5/. 5s. Under Early Woodeuts is Linton’s * Wood Engraving,’ 1889, 5/. 5s. Under Engravings after Old Masters will be found a series of 15 plates by Correggio, 24in. by 22in., earliest proofs, 1847-50, 637. ; a series of 16 of his frescoes in the Convent of S. Paulo, Parma, with a portrait by Toschi, 17 plates in all, 36/.; and Titian’s ‘Sacred and Profane Love,’ earliest proof, 264 in. by 15in., 1840, 10/. 10s. Under Schools is Minchin’s ‘Our Public Schools,’ extra- illustrated, 10/7. 10s. There are items under Lanca- shire and Auction Catalogues ; and under France is Bodley’s work, the first edition, illustrated with 51 splendid plates, the two volumes full bound in the finest red levant by Riviere, 1898, 10/. 10s. ‘THE SHAKESPEARE APOCRYPHA’—a collection of fourteen plays which have been ascribed to Shakespeare—will be published by the Oxford Uni- versity Press this month. The plays referred to, which have been edited, with Introduction, notes, and bibliography, by Mr. C. F. Tucker Brooke, are ‘Arden of Feversham,’ ‘ Locrine,’ ‘Edward III,’ ‘Mercedorus,’ ‘Sir John Oldcastle,’ ‘Thomas, Lord Cromwell,’ ‘The London Prodigal,’ ‘The Puritan,’ ‘A Yorkshire Tragedy, ‘The Merry Devil of Edmonton,’ ‘ Fair Em,’ * The Two Noble Kinsmen,’ ‘The Birth of Merlin,’ and ‘Sir Thomas More.’ No other plays, the editor thinks, can be fairly included in the *‘ doubtfully Shakespearean ” class. Notices to Correspondents. We must call special attention to the following notices -— ON all communications must be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for pub- lication, but as a guarantee of good faith. WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately, nor can we advise correspondents as to the value of old books and other objects or as to the meaus of disposing of them. To secure insertion of communications corre- spondents must observe the following rules. Let each note, query, or reply be written on a separate slip of paper, with the signature of the writer and such address as he wishes toappear. When answer- ing queries, or making notes with regard to previous entries in the paper, contributors are requested to mut in immediately after the exact lode the series, volume, and page or pages to which they refer. Correspondents who repeat queries are requested to head the second com- munication ‘* Duplicate.” NOTICE. We beg leave to state that we decline to return communications which, for any reason, we do not print, and to this rule we can make no exception. Editorial communications should be addressed to ‘The Editor of ‘Notes and Queries’”—Adver- tisements and Business Letters to “The Pub- lishers ”—at the Office, Bream’s Buildings, Chanvery Lane, E.C.

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10 S. IX. May 16, 1908.] NOTES AND QUERIES. BOOKSELLERS’ ADVERTISEMENTS (Continued from Second Advertisement Page.) (MAY). PUBLISHED TO-DAY. CATALOGUE No. 130 of RARE AND STANDARD SECOND-HAND BOOKS, Comprising nearly 1000 items of Recent Purchases, | sent gratis and post free on application to MYERS & 59, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, W.C. Telephone: 4957 HoLzory. WEBSTER, 68 and 70, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds. - CATALOGUES OF MISCELLANEOUS ANCIENT AND MODERN BOOKS, including Archeologia, International Chaleographical Society, Secret Court Memoirs (Edition de Luxe), Hazlitt’s Shakespeare Library, First English Translations of Mon- taigne’s Essays and Boccaccio’s Decameron, Books on Art, &., Forwarded post free on application. THOMAS BAKER, | Bookseller and Publisher (late of Soho Square), 72, NEWMAN STREET, LONDON, W. | Speciality in Theology, Philosophy, Archeology, Eccle- siastical History, and Antiquities, English and Foreign. Catalogues published Monthly, and sent free. EXPORTER. IMPORTER. _ LIBRARIES AND SMALLER LOTS OF BOOKS BOUGHT FOR CASH. | ESTABLISHED 18349. | | | THE BEST BOOKS | AT CHEAP PRICES. | MAY LIST of Publishers’ Remainders now ready, post free | on application. An opportunity of purchasing expensive | Books in new condition in all branches of Literature at | greatly reduced prices. Also a Catalogue of Current Litera- ture, comprising the best Standard Works, Popular Reprints | and Series. : *,* Suggested Lists of Books on any subject | supplied with pleasure. | | | H. J. GLAISHER, REMAINDER AND DISCOUNT BOOKSELLER, 57, WIGMORE STREET, W. P. M. BARNARD, M.A. (Formerly Classical Scholar of Christ’s College, Cambridge), SECOND-HAND BOOKSELLER, 10, DUDLEY ROAD (Opposite the Opera House), TUNBRIDGE WELLS. CATALOGUE 20.—Incunabula, Bibliography. 21.—English Literature. P. M. BARNARD undertakes the formation of Collections or Libraries on special subjects. L. C. BRAUN, 17, Denmark Street, Charing Cross Road (near Oxford Street), London, W.C. ENGLISH AND FOREIGN SECOND-HAND BOOKSELLER. ESTABLISHED 1883. FRENCH AND GERMAN BOOKS. PORTRAITS and VIEWS for EXTRA-ILLUSTRATING. CATALOGUES OF BOOKS IN YARIOUS LANGUAGES SENT POST FREE. BOOKS. WILLIAM BROUGH & SONS, | Booksellers and Exporters, Are prepared to give Highest Cash Prices for Libraries | of any description and of any magnitude. Gentlemen, Executors and others, should communicate with WILLIAM BROUGH & SONS, who are at all times prepared to give Full Cash Value for Books in all Branches of Literature. Vendors will find this method of disposing of their Pro- ‘perties to be much more advantageous than Auction, while ‘the worry, delay, and expense inseparable to Auction Sale will be entirely obviated. CATALOGUES GRATIS. 313, BROAD ST., BIRMINGHAM. Established 1845. Telegrams—“ Bibliopole, Birmingham.” | REMAINDERS OF NEW BOOKS AND STANDARD PUBLICATIONS. Including Important Works on ARCHITECTURE, THE FINE ARTS, HISTORY, | SCIENCE, TRAVEL, SPORT, and BIOGRAPHY. All New as published, in the Publishers’ original Bindings, and at very Low Prices. Catalogues will be sent free on application, and on receipt of Trade Card. JOHN GRANT, Wholesale Bookseller, 31, George IV. Bridge, EDINBURGH. _

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NOTES AND QUERIES. [10 S. IX. May 16, 1908. SMITH, ELDER & CO.S STANDARD BOOKS. RE-ISSUE OF THE DICTIONARY OF NATIONAL BIOGRAPHY. Edited by LESLIE STEPHEN and SIDNEY LEE. IN TWENTY-TWO VOLUMES. Cloth, gilt top, 15s, net each; or in half-morocco, marbled edges, 21s, net each. VOLUME Ill. (BROWN—CHALONER) NOW READY. The Atheneum, of March 28, in reviewing the first volume of the Re-issue said :—‘ The series has long been appreciated by every scholar who appears learned by its wonderful organization is an encouragement to the has had anything to do with the history or biography of his own country. The popular writer means, and the expert differs from its results and verdicts with trepidation. It is a monument of and scholarly restraint, and its mere existence in this age of hasty and ill-considered compilation ‘honourable minority’ who do not scamp their work, and know what real rese2rch and criticism are.” WORKS BY THE LATE MATTHEW ARNOLD. PASSAGES FROM THE PROSE WRITINGS OF MATTHEW ARNOLD. Crown 8vo, 7s. 6d. Contents :—I. Literature. II. Politics and Society. III. Philo- sophy and Religion. LAST ESSAYS ON CHURCH AND RELIGION. With a Preface. Popular Edition. Crown &vo, 2a. 6d. Popular Edition. ality—Irish Catholicism and_ British Liberalism— Porro est Guide to English Litera- me = French Critic on Milton—A French Critic on Goethe—George Sand. LITERATURE AND DOGMA: an Essay towards a Better Apprehension of the Bible. Popular Edition, witha New Preface. Crown 8vo, 2s. 6d. GOD AND THE BIBLE: a Sequel to ‘Literature and Dogma.’ Popular Edition, with a New Preface. Crown &vo, 2s, 6d. ST. PAUL AND PROTESTANTISM : with other Essays. Popular Edition, with a New Preface. Crown 8vo, 28. til. Contents :—St. Paul and Protestantism—Puritanism and the Church of England—Modern Dissent—A Comment on Christmas. CULTURE AND ANARCHY: an Essay in Political and Social Criticism. Popular Edition. Crown 8vo, 6d. MIXED ESSAYS. Crewn 2s. 6d. Contents :—Democracy—Equ: IRISH ESSAYS, and others. Popular Edition. Crown 28. 6d, ON THE STUDY OF CELTIC LITERA- TURE. Popular Edition. Crown 8vo, 28. 6d. ON TRANSLATING HOMER. Popular Edition. Crown &vo, 2s. 6d. FRIENDSHIP’S GARLAND. Popular Edition. Crown &vo, 2s. 6d. MATTHEW ARNOLD’S NOTE BOOKS. By the Hon. Mrs. WODEHOUSE. With a Portrait. Second Impression. Small crown 8vo, 4s. 6d. WORKS BY SIR LESLIE STEPHEN, K.C.B. HOURS IN A _ LIBRARY. Revised, Rearranged, and Cheaper Edition, with Additional Chapters. In 3 vols. crown 68. each. THE LIFE OF SIR JAMES FITZJAMES STEPHEN, Bart., K.C.S8.I., a Judge of the High Court of Justice. By his Brother, Sir LESLIE STEPHEN, K.C.B. With 2 Portraits. Second Edition. Demy 8vo, 16s. AN AGNOSTIC’S APOLOGY, and other Essays. New and Cheaper Edition. Large crown 8vo, 7s. 6d. LIFE OF HENRY FAWCETT. With 2 Steel Portraits. Fifth Edition. Large crown 8vo, 12s. 6d. THE SCIENCE OF ETHICS: an Essay upon Ethical Theory, as Modified by the Doctrine of Evolution. New and Cheaper Edition. 7s. 6d. net. A HISTORY OF ENGLISH THOUGHT IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY. Third and Revised Edition, 2 vols. demy 8vo, 288. WORKS BY JOHN ADDINGTON SYMONDS. THE RENAISSANCE IN ITALY. New and Cheaper Edition. 7 vols. large crown 8vo :— THE AGE OF THE | ITALIAN LITERA- gg With a Por- TURE. 2 vols. 15s. REVI HE CA THEREVIVALOF | THR, FOLIC With a Po THE FINE ARTS. Index the 7 Volumes. 3. Hd. SKETCHES AND STUDIES IN ITALY AND GREECE. 3 vols. large crown 8vo, 78. 6d. each. SHAKESPEARE’S PREDECESSORS IN THE ENGLISH DRAMA. New and Cheaper Edition. Large crown &vo, 78. 6d. ESSAYS SPECULATIVE AND SUGGES- TIVE. New Edition. With an Introduction by HORATIO F. BROWN. Large crown 8vo. 738. 6d. THE SONNETS OF MICHAEL ANGELO BUONARROTI,. New Edition. Small crown 8vo, 3s. 6d. net. ** The Italian ‘ext is printed on the pages opposite the T: lati London: SMITH, ELDER & CO. 15, Waterloo Place, S.W. y veekly by JOHN C. FRANCIS and J. EDWARD FRANCIS, Bream’s Buildings, Chancery Lane. FE.C.; and Printed by Published FRANCIS, Athensum Press, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.—Saturday, fay 16, 1908,

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