The Outlook 1925-02-04: Vol 139 Iss 5

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The Outlook Volume 139 February 4, 1925 Number 5 Ernest Harold Baynes Friend of Man and Beast RNEST HAROLD BAYNES was R a clear-eyed lover of animals. Birds ate from his hands, four- footed creatures trusted him. He knew the ways of the animal world, its high- ways and byways were open to his feet. The birds that took crumbs from his fingers, the bear cub that put his paw into his guiding hand, must have felt something of his character and his pur- pose. It remained for his human friends to know and understand the lifelong devo- tion that he gave to the creation of bird sanctuaries and the welfare of the wild. We have said that Mr. Baynes was a clear-eyed lover of animals. There have been very few men who combined so great a love for the animal world with a realization of its true relation to man- kind. Mr. Baynes was not a sentimen- talist; he was a realist with high ideals. He could understand that vivisection, under proper control, was necessary for the protection of both his animal friends and the race to which he belonged. He fought a hard fight that the hands of medical science might be kept free. Perhaps some day the science that he served so well may conquer the dread disease that brought about his untimely end. If it does, the life and ideals of Ernest Harold Baynes will have been a factor in that success. Just a short while ago the surgeons told Ernest Harold Baynes that he was suffering from an inoperable cancer— that he had only a short time to live. “Since then,” he wrote an editor of The Outlook, “I have been riding hard against the white horse and the end is in sight.” The gallantry of that last ride was pic- tured in a poem inclosed in his letter. It was sent with the request that it be published as soon after his death as pos- sible. The time for that publication came all too soon. It is printed on this page as part of our tribute to a fighter whose spirit did not know the meaning of defeat. Congress Goes Through Its Motions 5 hwo are times when the Congress of the United States is as busy as the proverbial one-legged man in a sand pit—and gets no farther, whether for- ward or backward. There are weeks when no publication in America, the “Congressional Record” alone excepted, has space even to review the doings of the two houses. Yet always, in some fashion, it must be attempted. The Senate sustained the President’s attitude of opposition to elevation of guns on capital ships by refusing to lay aside the rules and permit an amendment: to the Naval Appropriation Bill provid- ing for it. Johnson, of California, was the only Republican who voted against the President’s wishes. Eight Democrats voted with the President. The Muscle Shoals Leasing Bill goes to conference between House and Senate with a fair assurance of friendly con- ferees on both sides. The Democrats began a determined Ernest Harold Baynes The Last Race By ERNEST HAROLD BAYNES On the long back stretch we lead by a length, Old Courage asserting his pride, Till Death shows fight and calls on the White He rides! for he has to ride. I HAVE the mount on Courage to-day, And Death is riding the White, Through the paddock gate, with a smile at fate, To the track in the slanting light. As we swing to the straight, we are still in the van, My horse at the top of his speed, With Death’s coming fast—we are nearing the last, And the last is already decreed. The odds on Death are short, they say, And how shall a sportsman choose? There is just one test, you must ride your best, Then you win, if you win or lose. The horses, lapped to their saddle girths, Rush through like a storm-swept fire— Death wins! Bravo! But I laugh in his face, As he noses me out at the wire. We face the ‘lag on our hill-rimmed course, It falls to a perfect start, No waiting race—we must set the pace, The pace that will break his heart. Wheaten 1Copyright by Louise Birt Baynes

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166 fight on the postal rates feature of the Postal Salaries Bill. The first move was a point of order by Senator Swanson, on the ground that this is a revenue measure and should have originated in the House. The point was not sustained, but it served as notification that the fight is on. The majority report of the Oil Inves- tigation Committee, submitted by Sena- tor Walsh toward the end of the last session, has been approved. It condemns the Teapot Dome and California Naval Reserve leases and holds the conduct of former Secretary of the Interior Fall reprehensible. The minority report, submitted at the beginning of this ses- sion by Senator Spencer for himself and the other regular Republican members of the Committee, was voted down by a majority of 42 to 28. The vote on the majority report was 33 to 30. Republi- cans voting with the Democrats for the majority report were Borah, Brookhart, Frazier, Johnson of California, Norbeck, and Norris. Confirmation of the nomination of Harlan Fisk Stone, now Attorney-Gen- eral, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court was held up in the Senate and after several days of delay was re- committed to the Judiciary Committee. That Committee had previously reported the nomination favorably to the Senate. The new outbreak of opposition to Mr. Stone is said to be due to the report that Senator Wheeler, of Montana, is about to be indicted again, at the in- stance of the Department of Justice, by a District of Columbia grand jury on substantially the same charges on which he has already been indicted in his home State. It is said, however, that the new indictment would be on different charges. It is also reported that Mr. Stone had planned to allow Senator Wheeler the extraordinary privilege of giving explana- tions to the grand jury before the ques- tion of indictment would be decided. Senator Walsh, who is Wheeler’s col- league from Montana and his counsel in the suit pending in that State, and Sena- tor Borah, who was chairman of a special Senate committee which exonerated Wheeler, have been the leaders in having confirmation delayed. Both Walsh and Borah are members of the Judiciary Committee, to which the nomination is now recommitted. But Senator Heflin, of Alabama, would have a just grievance if his name were omitted in any mention of the causes for delay. He would be deprived of a measure of publicity. His part in the proceedings is itself a measure of the merits of the opposition to Mr. Stone. The Nation’s Duty to the Farmers QO readers will remember Dixon Merritt’s staff correspondence from Washington two weeks ago describing Everett and “Old Man Jim.” Everett he took as an example of the organizer of the farmers from the top down, and The Outlook for “Old Man Jim” as an example of the organizer of the farmers from the ground up. Strangely, those farmers who are organized from the top down do not want a Federal marketing law, while those who grew from the bottom up do want such a law and have been agitating for it. In the contest, so to speak, be- tween Everett and “Old Man Jim” the Conference on Agricultural Legislation which has just made its final recommen- dations has decided in favor of “Old Man Jim.” That means that the farm- ers who, though organized from the ground up, want a law from the top down have so far the better of the argu- ment. But the other farmers, who have feared the dangers in a Federal law, are not going to be as rigidly supervised as they were afraid they might be. At least such is the conclusion which one would naturally draw from the re- port of the Conference. Of course no law has been enacted yet, and there is plenty of opportunity for change in pol- icy before Congress gets through with the recommendations. What the Conference recommends is the creation of a Federally supervised co-operative marketing system. That is the distinctive point in the recommenda- tions. The incidental points are that there should be amendments to the Agri- cultural Credit Act, a readjustment of freight rates and of the tariff, and in- creased Federal aid to State agricultural experiment stations. The Federal agency P. & A. Photos The President’s Agricultural Commission, which has just made important recommendations concerning measures to help the farmers. From left to right: Secretary Howard M. Gore, W. Va., of the Department of Agriculture ; R. W. Thatcher, Geneva, N. Y.; W. C. Coffey, St. Paul; Louis Taber, Columbus, Ohio; R. D. Carey, Careyhurst, Wyo.; O. E. Bradfute, Chicago, American Farm Bureau Federa- tion; Fred H. Bixby, Long Beach, Cal.; and standing, W. M. Jardine, Manhattan, Kansas, and Ralph P. Merritt, of Fresno, Cal.

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Y> ae February 4, 1925 which the Conference recommends Con- gress to create would be a board of five members, separate from all departments. To this board co-operative organizations could apply for surveys, information, and recommendations. Such farm organiza- tions might be Federally registered and subject to Federal audit. Distributers at terminal markets could create registered exchanges to operate under Federal rules. The recommendations of the Confer- ence constitute a definite and specific attempt to deal with the farm problem Nationally. They will undoubtedly have the support of the Administration. We shall discuss them more fully in a later issue. Gunridden Herrin arn the acquittal of forty-four persons indicted for murder in Williamson County, Illinois (“Bloody Williamson” it has been called for gen- erations), in connection with the mine battle and atrocities of 1922, a legisla- tive committee of inquiry reported: “As a whole the people of Williamson County were not in sympathy with the work of the committee, were opposed to any fur- ther investigation, absolutely refused to give us any help or suggestions, and seemed to be in sympathy with those responsible for the killings.” The natural sequence to this state of public feeling has twice been shown in gun fights and slayings. In that which took place on January 24 four men were slain. Because two of them were leaders of opposing factions, it is now said in comment that the afiray is expected to end the reign of lawless regulators in Herrin. Perhaps! But the history of feuds and dictation at the pistol point shows that bloodshedding does not make for peace. When we read that Glenn Young, a prominent fighter in the battle of last August, had returned to Herrin and walked the streets heavily armed, and that Ora Thomas, also concerned in the August fight and later a deputy sheriff, was “looking for’ Young, and _ that “threats to shoot at sight had been issued on both sides,” we seem to be reading a passage from the fiction of the early Far Western cowboy towns and of days now passed away instead of news from a Mid-Western city of to-day which boasts of its churches, schools, and cultivation. 167 P. & A. Photos William F. Griffin (right) the chief defendant in the Weehawken trial, with his counsel, George Cutley That lawlessness breeds lawlessness is the lesson of Herrin. The bad feeling that followed the mine atrocities got into local politics. Prohi- bition enforcement and the Ku Klux Klan movement stirred up another pri- vate war. Young had been an agent of the Klan, and the Klan was fighting the saloon. There was a vigorous opposition in Herrin and the county to both, partly because of a large Catholic membership among the miners. Opposition led to lawless action; attempts to rule without law or by straining the legal rights of officers who were backed by political influence have now twice ended in savage street slaughter. Ku Klux Klan and Knights of the Flaming Circle had in this last conflict Young and Thomas as their protagonists. No one knows how large their following was. Thomas is said to have been shot by his own ad- herents who were trying to kill Young after he had opened fire on Thomas. Young was killed in the affray. Probably only a small proportion of Herrin’s people approve of rule by law- lessness; a few reckless and enraged gun- fighters can terrorize many times their own number of peaceable citizens. The State of Illinois was slow to grap- ple with the earlier outbreaks of Herrin. It shares, therefore, in the disgrace of the subsequent bloodshed. There are times when vigilance committees are necessary because there is no effective law—as is admirably shown, by the way, in Mr. John H. Hammond’s article in the current “Scribner’s.” But 1925 is not the time and Illinois should not be the State in which government by gun- play should be conceivable. Ten Bucks, a Bottle of Booze, and No Conviction Yet ib The Outlook for December 31 Ernest Mandeville, who is preparing for us a series of articles on the problem of prohibition enforcement, told the story of the Weehawken scandal. Since the publishing of that article the public authorities and the alleged rum- runners involved in the charges have been brought to trial. As it was prophe- sied, the trial resulted in no verdict. It is said that the jury voted nine to three for conviction. It seems probable that the State or Federal authorities will carry the matter further in the hope of obtaining a defi- nite verdict. To try such a case in the locality where so many local interests, political and otherwise, are involved in the outcome is a difficult task. We do not believe that with an energetic prose- cution it will ultimately prove to be a hopeless one. A State Overruled Shape Sanitary District of Chicago may not continue to divert water from Lake Michigan at the rate now prac- ticed, about 600,000 cubic feet a minute. Within sixty days arrangements must be

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168 made to reduce the flow to 250,000 cubic feet a minute, the quantity authorized by the Secretary of War. The Supreme Court of the United States, Justice Holmes writing and no Justice holding a dissenting opinion, has made this final decision in a case which has dragged along in the courts since 1913. We have withheld comment in this decision until we could obtain the official text of the opinion. “The parties have come to this Court for the law,” wrote Justice Holmes, “and we have no doubt that as the law stands the injunction prayed for must be granted. . . . Probably the dangers to which the city of Chicago will be sub- jected . . . are exaggerated, but in any event we are not at liberty to consider them here as against the edict of a para- mount power.” Thus is ended, apparently, the danger of permanently reducing the water level of the great system of lakes and rivers draining naturally through the St. Law- rence. It does not, on its face, reduce the danger of continued pollution of the streams through which water from the lakes is diverted, carrying the sewage of the city of Chicago. In effect, however, it probably does contribute to reducing that danger, inasmuch as, if the repre- sentations of the Sanitary District are correct, other means of sewage disposal must be found when the quantity of diverted water is diminished. The decision of the Supreme Court finally disposed of the contention that a State may act for its interests alone in such matters. There still remains the problem as to whether or not a district within a State may override the interests and welfare of the region through which the drainage from that district flows. Ultimately Chicago will be forced to treat its sewage so that it will not be an offense or a menace to human and ani- mal life in the Illinois Valley. The Engineering Board of Review in the Sanitary District of Chicago has just published a report which foreshadows such an ultimate outcome. ‘The report, however, does not seem to show a full appreciation of the rights and needs of those whose homes are along the valley of the Illinois. The engineers state “that the extensive and growing use of the lake-fronts of Chicago by bathers has resulted directly from the diversion of sewage from the lake.” The people who The Outlook for February 4, 1925 cannot use the waters of the Illinois River without risk of the gravest danger to their health may appropriately ask, “Well, when do we bathe?” ’ California and Its Japanese Problem Ships determination of the California State authorities to enforce the State Alien Land Law is producing a situation which will probably be worse before it is better. The State Attorney- General, Mr. U. S. Webb, has now issued orders to every district attorney to arrest all violators of the law, both Japanese and white men, and it is feared that this will mean a serious labor up- heaval in the farming regions of the State, with the result that large numbers of unemployed Japanese will be driven to the cities in search of work. No one who has made any study of the position in California on the spot can doubt that the Alien Land Law was an almost inevitable measure. The viola- tions of the older act forbidding aliens to own land were open and shameless, and the whole fabric of land legislation was coming into discredit. The fact, how- ever, remains that the present law, no matter how rigidly enforced, can be only a temporary measure. The Japanese affected to-day are aliens and incapable of becoming citizens, but, under the Constitution of the United States, their children born in this country are already citizens, fully entitled to own as much land as they please, and it will not be long before they are in a position to do quite lawfully what their parents are now being debarred from doing. It is this larger question which must occupy the attention of the statesman, even while the politician is rejoicing over the success of the temporary measure. There is a large Japanese population in California, and it is growing rapidly. What is to be done about it? Any at- tempt to differentiate between the Ameri- can citizen of Oriental descent and the American citizen of Occidental descent must inevitably result in the develop- ment in California of a racial problem like that with which the South has been burdened for so long. There can be no question of any considerable fusion be- tween the two races. Such a solution would be in the highest degree undesira- ble; but it is possible, as is being demon- strated in Hawaii, to win the Japanese to a whole-hearted adhesion to American ideals and American standards of living, and to create in them just that patriot- ism which is looked for from every American citizen. It is some such true Americanization as this which must be attempted in California, for in no other way will it be possikle to solve the Japanese problem. The Situation in Japan (~ of the most distinctive- features of the present situation in Japan is the effort being made by representa- tives of the country throughout the world to conceal the far-reaching changes brought about in the Island Empire by the calamity of September 1, 1923, and all that has followed it. That Japan suffered tremendous losses as the result of the earthquake is pretty generally recognized, but what is not recognized is the fact that the blow was so severe and the loss so great as to transform the en- tire situation in the Far East. In a recent letter to a representative of this paper from one of the ablest authorities on Japan, at present in Tokyo, the situation is put in a nutshell. “I found,” he writes, “Japan changed even in the six months that I was away, and after some puzzling discovered the cause. It was simply the fact that the calamity of September 1, 1923, brought about in a day an inevitable smash which it might otherwise have taken a year or more to ,bring about, and which could have been avoided only by a wise. coun- cil of statesmen, which Japan cannot now gather together. The confusion, mental and physical, cannot be cleared away except through a long period of con- structive work and a general realization that Japan has awakened from the dream of lasting prosperity and easy money for the rest of time. The people have not awakened to it yet by any means. In- deed, only a few of the leading men have thoroughly grasped the fact that only by great economy, tremendous sacrifice of ambition, and hard and still harder work can Japan even hope to survive as a nation. Yet I am one of those who firmly believe that the spirit is there, and that the greater upset many close ob- servers speak of with-bated breath not only can but will be avoided.” The fact is, of course, that the be- wilderingly dramatic progress made by ~~

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For I must ever doubt ( Timon of Athens, Act IV, Scene 3)

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Copyright, 1925, by the Public Ledger Co. Fair and continued cold From Victor E. Gardner, South Fitchburg, Massachusetis

Jopy right, 1925, by the Chicago Tribune Coming back for more Darling in the Springfield Daily Republican

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Copyright, 1925, by the Lublic Ledger Co, Unduly excited From W. R. Walters, Wyncote, Pennsylvania

: : S's aes aa Copyright, 1925, by the New York Tribune Syndicate Looks like another tedious delay From Grace A. Taylor, New York City

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170 Japan during the past few decades has been based almost entirely on the ex- traordinary imitative capacity of her peo- ple. Japan is now learning that there is a limit to what can be achieved on the basis of pure imitation, and that alike in the world of industry, of statecraft, and of social ethics the superstructure must be built up on a foundation of real under- standing. As long as the machine was running smoothly, Japan managed to keep well in the van, but the moment something went wrong, as it did so ter- ribly in the September of 1923, Japan, like the motorist unversed in mechanics, was left stalled by the roadside. The lesson for Japan to be drawn from her troubles is to depend no longer upon imitation, but to learn the meaning of Western civilization from the ground up- wards. In the Biggest Part of Germany | epemeacngs seems to be still very vigorous in Prussia. For a time at least the old Junker element, backed by the industrialists, have routed those forces in Prussia which have been com- mitted to republican rule. The Cabinet which under Herr von Braun has been governing Prussia for three years was virtually forced to resign on January 23. Though the vote for lack of confidence failed to record a majority of the Depu- ties, the vote in support of the Cabinet fell short of it. It was by no means cer- tain early last week that Herr von Braun would not come back; but the incident indicates the great strength of the reac- tionary and monarchist element in what is by far the largest of the states that constitute the German Reich. In the meantime Luther’s Government in the German federal union has steered safely between the reefs on gghich it might easily have been shipwrecked at the start. It seems for the time being to be sailing smoothly. This is not because the crew is wholly loyal to the captain, but because no one of the Nationalist group wants to take the responsibilities of command. Perhaps Germany is more politically trustworthy than she was; but the over- throw of Marx and the severe jolting, if not something more serious, administered to Braun should serve as warnings to those who think that Germany, particu- larly the Prussian part of Germany, chastened by adversity, can now be fully trusted. Armed Ulster Rs great factor for peace in Ireland is the overwhelming military strength of Ulster. Ulster to-day is literally an armed camp. She did not want Home Rule, but, since it was practically forced upon her, she decided to make full use of it, and during the specially tumultuous years in Ireland stretching from 1920 to the early part of 1923 she devoted her- self to rendering her position well-nigh impregnable from a military point of view. Practically the whole male popula- tion, under the able scheme worked out by Field Marshal Sir Henry Wilson in 1920, is organized as a military police. In the first class comes the Constabu- lary, theoretically and practically non- sectarian in character, very much like the old Royal Irish Constabulary, so well known in the days before the great re- bellion. Then, as a second arm, there is the so-called “B” police; members of this force draw a small allowance from the Government, are provided with uniforms, and can be called upon in emergency. Back of this again is the “C” force, in which are enrolled practically all the re- maining male members of the Protestant population of a military age. They are provided with a rifle apiece, and are re- quired to undergo a short period of training each year. A very large number of these men are former soldiers who had every kind of practical experience in the Great War. To some extent the Free State can draw upon a similar type of men, but they lack officers of any training, and, compared with the efficiency of Ulster, the Free State forces are very inade- quately organized. Moreover, the Free State is almost entirely lacking in artil- lery, with which Ulster is well provided. Now, although nothing is said about it by either side, the Free State authori- ties are very well aware of the situation, and are equally well aware that if Ulster refuses to concede territory as a result of arbitration they can never take it from Ulster by force, and British public opin- ion could never be persuaded to coerce Ulster. The real hope in the situation lies in the fact that both Sir James Craig, the The Outlook for Ulster Prime Minister, and Mr. Cos- grave, the President of the Irish Free State, are Irishmen, and really can un- derstand each other. The danger of the situation lies in the fact that the British Secretary of State for the Colonies is not an Irishman, and consequently does not understand either Sir James Craig or Mr. Cosgrave. It is an old story; the old story, in fact, of Ireland as far as England is concerned. The counsel of wisdom to Great Britain is distinctly “hands off;” and if any one desires that Great Britain should give heed to this counsel more than Mr. Cosgrave, that one is Sir James Craig. Asquith, Earl of Oxford Awe has now accepted the earl- dom which, with the Garter, was offered him by Lloyd George in 1917 when the Second Coalition was formed. It is an honor that emphasizes the final- ity of Asquith’s fall. From Bannerman he inherited a majority of 350 in the House of Commons. His party to-day consists of 42 survivors. And there is not a constituency that will send him to Westminster. Hence he is driven to take refuge in that House of Lords which, as Prime Minister, he hammered with the Parliament Act. Yet, at the age of seventy-seven years, this dour York- shireman still clings to an absentee leadership of what was once the Liberal Party. The point about the Earl of Oxford, as Asquith now emerges, is that he always was the Earl of Oxford. A brilliant scholar, a born lawyer, a faultless debat- er, a chivalrous sportsman, a devotee of social success, Asquith was the Balliolic ideal; a man who, like Morley, conceived of government as an academic exercise, a master of constitutional precedent, writ- ten and unwritten, and therefore its slave. But his only force was the force of argument. And how to deal with men ‘who did not wish to be convinced by argument he knew not. Hence it was said of him—by John Redmond, we believe—that Asquith. “runs well until he is a yard from the tape.” It was Lloyd George whose Budget broke the peers. It was Lloyd George whose Black and Tans forced the issue in Ireland. It was Lloyd George who extended the franchise to women. And it was Lloyd George who carried

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~~ ww Ww February 4, 1925 through the war and signed the peace. You may say that Lloyd George ruled the whole world and lost his own soul. 3ut he did rule. And the trouble with Asquith was that he did not even rule Lloyd George. In 1916 he was tested. If he had defied his colleague and his colleague’s Conservative accomplices and Lord Northcliffe and everybody else, the Commons would have said that this was the right man also to defy the Kaiser. But he miscalculated. He thought that Lloyd George would be powerless with- out him. “He discovered that he was powerless without Lloyd George. As a judge he would have been superb. And especially as a judge of the Supreme Court. And as long as it was his func- tion to preside at Downing Street, giving decisions but initiating no action, he was a perfect Prime Minister. But that, after all, is not what Liberalism and Labor understand by progress. Labor broke away, and Liberals were then told to install the dissentients in office. It was a crushing surrender. Faced by a new era, Asquith turned obstinate. He opposed women’s suffrage and denied that, in a democracy, there was any natural right to vote. And he infuriated even the friendliest press by refusing any assistance in the publication of his speeches. Having thus alienated a profession which admired him, he al- lowed “Margot” to out-interview the interviewers with her lectures and remi- niscences—especially in the United States. And yet, with these perform- ances under discussion, it was held that all the sorrows of Liberalism were due to the Coalitionist iniquities of Asquith’s rival. Loyalty in Asquith became a fault. That Kitchener did great things when war broke out is admitted. But Kitch- ener’s limitations were not less evident. And there was no statesman of any party who did not know that Kitchener had to be got away from Whitehall. Be- cause Kitchener was drowned, Asquith considered it his duty to be his de- fender; it was friendship, but it was no more history than the detraction of Kitchener. However, Asquith will never cease to be a gentleman, unstained in honor, and, though an Earl, ennobled not by titles but by character, the embodiment of a tradition which far transcended mere politics. a a. i aie ee tt NN nil io oe Underwood A comprehensive view of St. Paul’s Cathedral, in London, showing the great dome that has just been officially pronounced unsafe Saving St. Paul’s Shas discussion which has been going on for some time about the safety of St. Paul’s Cathedral in London was brought to a point not long ago when municipal authorities officially reported that they considered the dome to be “a dangerous structure.” This sounds alarming, and there were reports that one of the city officials had served notice upon the ecclesiastical authorities to tear down the dome. One comment on this was that it was a casual sort of verdict by a minor official who acted as if he were dealing with some “tumble-down shack.” As a matter of fact, the Dean and Chapter of St. Paul’s have long been studying the situation carefully and have obtained reports from distinguished ex- perts. These reports make it evident that radical measures must be taken to prev possible collapse in the future, but tWat immediate danger is not appre- hended. A fund has been collected for these repairs for some years past, and the present excitement has led to enor- mous increases in that fund. The Lon- don “Times” alone has raised a great sum—at the latest report, about $600,- 000. Whether the cost of the strengthening of the great edifice is half a million dol- lars or a million or five millions, there is no doubt that both the money and the skill required for the work will be pro- vided. It has been truly said that the

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172 The Outlook for Underwood Americans at the International Opium Conference in Geneva, standing on the terrace of the Hotel Beau Rivage, the headquarters of the United States delegation. Miss Woehnert; Joseph Keegan ; Miss Constance Drexel; Left to right: Mr. William Norris; Mr. Rt. Rev. Charles H. Brent, delegate ; Mrs. Hamilton Wright, delegate ; Congressman Stephen G. Porter, Chairman; former U. S. Surgeon- General Rupert Blue, delegate ; Mr. Edward F. Erk ; Mr. Edwin Neville, delegate ; and Miss Christensen preservation of St. Paul’s is a national issue, and indeed the whole world would feel it a loss if St. Paul’s were to dis- appear from London. St. Paul’s Cathedral is the largest Protestant place of worship in the world. It stands as a great monument to the architectural ability of Sir Christopher Wren, although so far as line and design are concerned some of the smaller churches planned by Wren are more beautiful if less majestic. The style and type of architecture in St. Paul’s are cold and uninspiring as compared with those of the great Gothic cathedrals, which are to most of us the purest and finest ac- complishment of inspired architecture. The present edifice of St. Paul’s occu- pies, it is believed, the site of a small Christian church which stood on this spot over twelve hundred years ago. This early church was known as St. Paul’s; the present Cathedral is ‘its sec- ond successor. The second St. Paul’s was a noble church building about six hundred feet long and famous in history and literature. It was destroyed by the great fire of London in 1666. The present Cathedral was actually begun in the year 1675, and completed in Wren’s lifetime. It abounds in monuments to military and naval heroes, to artists and architects, and to a few great statesmen, although in this respect it does not of course com- pare with Westminster Abbey. It is also true that many of the monuments in St. Paul’s Cathedral are far from being simple and tasteful in their execution. The Struggle Over Opium F Non that America has to do, appar- ently, to have her way in an inter- national conference is to threaten to leave it and go home. That is what President Wilson did during the Peace Conference in Paris. That also is what Chairman Porter of the American dele- gation has done at the Opium Conference which has been in session at Geneva. So “critical” (we use Viscount Cecil’s word) did the situation become that for a time the breakdown of the Conference was considered a possibility. Bygones should be -bygones; and therefore there would seem to .be no use in recording Viscount Cecil’s statement that the American people are using more opium and narcotic drugs than the people of opium-producing India—a charge which the American Chairman declared to be a slander, and which Lord Cecil withdrew with an apology, but under an emotional strain which led him to want to go home to England. The only use in referring to this incident is to make it clear that in this effort to limit the production of opium to what is necessary for medical and scientific purposes the advocates of restriction have found it a serious task to overcome British objections and ob- stacles. Britain, it should be remem- bered, is embarrassed by her responsi- bility for India. Of course the British delegates did not wish to be held up in the eyes of the world as responsible for the breakdown of this Conference; and so, after a recess for the development of a more conciliatory spirit, the Conference early last week seemed to be approaching an accord. Temperamentally Americans are impa- tient of delay and are not likely to be considerate of those conventions which nations crowded together have resorted to as protection against friction. This was evident at Paris in 1919, and it is very evident at Geneva. Some of the proposals which make Americans impa- tient are vague. One, which has been a source of vigorous disagreement, is that the schedule for suppressing the smoking of opium should begin only after China (whose weak Government is incapable of enforcing her very stringent laws) has proved that she can actively take her part in opium regulation. To Americans this sounds like indefinite postpone- ment. We hope our delegates will stick it out as long as there is a possibility of real accomplishment. bl

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February 4, 1925 A Question Not of. Morals but of Method 1 ACRIFICING children in defense S of the tribe survived in even the higher stages of barbarism. Hor- rible as it was, there was some excuse for it in the prevailing ignorance and super- stition and in the motive of supposed self-preservation. There can be no ex- cuse, however, for sacrificing children to secure some supposed economic benefit. Child labor in factories and elsewhere has been an inexcusable blot upon what we call civilization. There can be no dispute about that. If the proposed Child Labor Amend- ment presented the issue between the ex- ploitation and the protection of child- hood, there would be no question as to the outcome. It may be that most of those who are greatly concerned for the rescue of children from being sacrificed on the altar of industrialism are on one side, and most, if not all, of those who would profit or think they would profit by the sacrifice of children are on the other side; and yet it does not follow from that fact that the issue is between protecting and exploiting the children. If the Amendment is defeated, it would be wrong to conclude that the American people cared too little for their children to protect them. The question for the country is not whether it wishes to prevent the driving of children into hard labor, but whether the proposed Amendment is the best way of preventing it. The Child Labor Amendment now be- fore the State Legislatures for ratifica- tion raises a question not of morals but of method. Even if it is conceded that under the present circumstances the several States of the Union are not capable of fully protecting the children of the Nation without the backing of the Federal Gov- ernment, the question still remains whether the proposed Amendment is the best way for providing the States with the backing that, they need. The proposed Amendment would give Congress “power to limit, regulate, and prohibit the labor of persons under eighteen years of age.” Is the exercise of such power by Congress, superseding and taking the place of the power of the several States, necessary in order to the protection of the children of the Nation? And even if it is not necessary, is it the best among possible methods for the pro- tection of children? . These questions have been raised be- cause there are many Americans, ar- dently opposed to the exploitation of children in industry, who believe that this Amendment would not benefit but injure the Nation. They believe that it would relieve the States of a responsi- bility which belongs to them and which they should shoulder; that it would re- move the law from public opinion, which is its true prop, to the distant authority of Washington; that it would increase the power of the Federal Government over individuals instead of keeping it, as it should be, limited to the needs of the Nation as a whole; and that, by arousing antagonism to what would seem to be the interference of the Federal Govern- ment, it would endanger the Federal Government’s real authority. If those who fear such results from the adoption of the Amendment are wrong, they will not be convinced that they are wrong by being told that they are ene- mies of childhood. They must be con- vinced that the health of the coming generation is a concern of the Nation which can be conserved only by direct National action in prohibiting child labor, and that for such a National un- dertaking the Nation cannot depend upon the several States but must erect and operate its own National machinery. One thing is clear: under the present circumstances, those States which take action to protect children from exploita- tion in industry are defenseless against their less conscientious or intelligent neighbors. There are various standards in various States. Where the standards are low, manufacturers and others can compete unfairly with those who operate under the laws of States with high stand- ards. This inequality between the States could hardly have been foreseen by the framers of the Constitution. Neverthe- less the provision made for Congressional control over inter-State commerce would seem to supply sufficient authority for insuring fair play. The Supreme Court has decided otherwise. Therefore, whether the present Child Labor Amend- ment is defeated or not, Congress should be specifically empowered by another amendment so to regulate inter-State commerce as to protect those States that have high industrial standards against the unfair competition of States whose standards are low. 173 January 24, 1925 DESERTED hill-top in south- A ern Connecticut. A winter morn- ing, clear and cold; windless, but with a temperature two or three degrees below zero. The view ex- tends to the horizon, north and south, and the circle is broken only by two lower hills east and west. A few wooded patches, and one leaden, ice-bound pond are all that interrupt the glittering white of the snow-covered plain. The sun, an hour and a half after rising, shines in a brilliant sky. One long cloud, low in the southwest, and a fleet of cirrus drifting slowly out of the west and toward the mounting sun—these are all that appear on the immense, dazzling blue arch. It is half after eight, and the sun seems to blaze undiminished. The coun- tryside is quiet and very lonely; every- where, above and below, there is an almost intolerable brightness, as if earth and sky had been burnished. The air is extremely cold, a still, biting frost which even that fiery sun cannot temper. The bank of cirrus clouds float slowly toward the sun, and then, as if they had been brushed aside to clear the stage for the event which is to follow, swerve in their course and drift away to the southeast. The sun now shines in a stainless sky. Ten minutes pass; something is hap- pening in the sun—a deep semicircular cavity has been cut in its rim. But still it blazes, and still the snow sparkles and flashes in its light. A few minutes later, and an unmistakable change comes over the earth; from white the snow is turn- ing light blue, gray-blue, and still darker. The sky has a deeper tone. The silence is broken by the nervous, excited notes of two birds—snow-buntings, who spring up from some place where they have been feeding and flutter past. The changes are more rapid now; sky and snow darken, darken, and a cold wind begins to blow, gently at first, then with some force. It lasts but a few minutes, and when it ceases the dazzling world has gone; snow-fields and sky are dipped in a strange violet twilight. Along the snow, and following the fading rays of the sun, pass wriggling shadows, like eels. They spring from nothing, and end without cause. The sun is a curved line of light now, and clear against it is the round, dark body of the moon. The slow movement changes to one of incredible speed; the last thin source of the solar rays disap-

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174 pears, and a deep, miraculous shadow covers the earth. It is here in an instant, and as it descends the black circle of the moon stands alone in the sky, surrounded by silvery feathers of light. The yellow sun has quite vanished; the sky has altered to the rich blue of a clear night. Northward of that ominous black moon shine Venus and Jupiter, and between them the shy planet Mercury. Directly overhead there is one dim star. And low in the north the skies are lighted by the unearthly fires of a winter sunset—a sunset at nine o’clock in the morning! The Outlook for February 4, 1925 Another flock of birds fly overhead, twittering and confused. The nocturnal blue of the snow-covered fields and the beautiful and mysterious twilight which fills the air are amazing in their sudden contrast with the brilliance of a few minutes ago. But these are nothing compared with the su:set glow in the north, and, above al!, that stupendous black globe, with its pale electric ra- diance, dominating the sky. A minute passes, half a minute more, and all is without change. Then a golden jewel blazes on an upper quadrant of the moon, more and more of the sun’s rays follow, the fields become lighter blue, and again the wriggling shadows follow one another across the snow. The black circle moves off the sun, the planets fade, and the sunset lights have gone. Brighter and more painfully bright grow the solar rays; the snow- fields, the slopes of the hill, sparkle again, and the arch of the skies is once more clear turquoise. The unaccustomed glories and wonders have vanished, and all that remain are the glories of the high blue winter’s morning. As They Might Have Reported the Eclipse By EDMUND LESTER PEARSON Y colleagues of The Outlook M asked me to collect the opin- ions of a few leading news- papers and periodicals upon the eclipse. Being pressed for time, and devoted to efficiency, I decided to write them my- self. Here they are: Mr. Simeon Strunsky in the New York ** Times”? AS one increases one’s years over forty-five an interest in eclipses fades. It is not senility, but a genuine doubt on our part whether this eclipse could compare for an instant with that of 1900, which, it will be remem- bered, was total in Virginia, the birth State of Woodrow Wilson. It is no mere fancy that there was a largeness about that eclipse, a breadth and idealism which is comparable with the brain which conceived the League of Nations. No astronomical event which showed such a decided preference for New Eng- land, for the country of the robber barons of the tariff, for the land of the Lodges and the Brandegees, could hold any real appeal for us idealists. The “ Saturday Evening Post” . moon’s shadow strode out of the West, out of the land of lumber- jacks, two-fisted grub-stakers, out of the territory of cow-punchers and goat- rustlers, just as Big Shanked McGibbon came down on Red Hoss Ranch. He— (Continued on page 265, somewhere between the Bull Durham ad and the page on Metooko Refrigerators. Have a good look for it. You may find it; any- how, you will learn a lot about much more important subjects.) The New York “ World’”’ ig must have been noticeable to every one that the total eclipse, after quit- ting American territory, approached the coast of England, but did not land. It was suffered to end ignominiously and ingloriously in the sea off the Shetland Islands—another triumph for the isola- tionists in the Senate. Will the Admin- istration never abandon this miserable policy and forget its puerile fear of “foreign entanglements”? Even Presi- dent Coolidge did not have the audacity to make the eclipse total in Vermont, and The World is quick to appreciate what may have been his generosity in letting it be total over Locust Valley, the home of Mr. John W. Davis. But the pettiness of the Republicans is apparent in the fact that in Western territory the sky was cloudy. Doubtless Secretary Hughes is much pleased with himself for this last venomous slap at Senator Borah. The *“ Natton’’ ii will be observed that, on their own confession, the eclipse was four sec- onds late. If all the millions squandered on battleships, if all the mendacious efforts of the capitalist-kept press to conceal the truth about Russia from the minds of the American people—if these expenditures and efforts could have been diverted into speeding up the eclipse, into giving our workers a share in it, and into distributing smoked glasses, as outlined in a proposal made by The Nation last week—following the intelligent plan of Feodor Koffoffovitch—had these things been done, the moon would have been on time. They manage these things better in Leningrad. Mr. H. L. Mencken in the “ American Mercury” ews ten million boobs and chuckle- headed Schweinhunde, blindly fol- lowing the suggestions of the professors whose duty it is to obfuscate youth in the colleges of this domain of Puritanism and Methodist tyranny, gathered last Saturday to look at what American yokeldom calls an eclipse. We did not look at it. The mere fact that the Het- man of the Knights of Pythias was going to gaze at the show was enough to keep us from degrading ourselves, mingling with the yokelry, the booboisie, and the rest of the assorted numskulls, who were herded into swarms by the Polizei in the various cities, and doubtless addressed by rabble-rousers everywhere. Having seen a far better eclipse in the Kénig- liche und Kuiserliche Spielhaus in Vienna in 1898 (while America was making an ass of itself with Spain), and hav- ing looked at the really superb per- formance in the Poppeldrucken und Hofbrauhaus in the Charlottenstrasse in Berlin in 1917, to say nothing of some- thing else, which you wouldn’t under- stand, which we saw in Budapest in 1920, we had no time for this fresh sam- ple of Yankee pish-posh. One of the Go-Getter Magazines HEY say the moon’s shadow travels 1,800 miles an hour. An impossible speed for you to equal? NOT A BIT OF IT! Grit, sticking to it, and ErricreNcy. EFFICIENCY, Here is what Bert B. Wingus did. He could only run 1,200 miles an hour. He heard about the moon. He clenched his teeth. He studied nights. Why go on? You know the rest. Last Saturday he raced the moon’s shadow, giving it ten minutes’ start out of Detroit. He beat it into Syracuse by ten min- utes. You can do what Bert did— IF YOU WANT To! - *>*&>

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The Search for the End of War Staff Correspondence from Washington HE Abbot of Beaulieu, before dismissing an abbey-bred youth into the world, was examining him as to what he knew thereof. Perhaps the geography writers of our own time take their model from this cloistered in- cident of the fourteenth century, for the abbot sent the youth upon an imaginary tour of the world. The young man, having taken his imaginary traveler some distance, went on: “Then he would pass through the land of the Almains and the great Roman Empire, and so to the country of the Huns and the Lithuanian pagans, beyond which lies the great city of Constantine and the kingdom of the unclean follow- ers of Mahmoud.” “And beyond that, fair son?” “Beyond that is Jerusalem and the Holy Land, and the great river which hath its source in the Garden of Eden.” “And then?” “Nay, good father, I cannot tell. Me- thinks the end of the world is not far from there.” “Then we can still find something to teach thee, Alleyne,” said the abbot, complaisantly. “Know that many strange nations lie betwixt there and the end of the world. There is the country of the Amazons, and the country of the dwarfs, and the country of the fair but evil women who slay with beholding, like the basilisk. Beyond that again is the kingdom of Prester John and of the great Cham.” S° it is to-day truly. The Conference on the Cause and Cure of War, composed of representatives from nine great National organizations, embracing five million educated women, sought dili- gently through a whole week of day and night sessions in Washington for the last fact of the farthermost country that might disturb the peace of the world, and found, when they had gone to the ends of the known earth, some grim abbot to tell them still that, stretching beyond that far frontier, are strange lands of powerful potentialities for war. If Europe can and will maintain the peace, if even Russia is a factor for com- posing differences rather than for irri- tating them, if Japan is divorced utterly from the will to war—still there remain great regions where dwell the kindred of the mysterious hordes which overran the West for centuries until, from the gates By DIXON MERRITT of Warsaw to the lapping waves of the Yellow Sea, no dog might bark without asking Mongol permission. Here the will to peace has not been taught at all, but the search of science has begun; and somewhere down the reaches of the fu- ture devastating war may roll over the world thence. | errs causes as distant as this the Conference on the Cause and Cure ' of War considered, not neglecting mean- while any of the multiform causes nearer home. As showing a fair prospect for a warless world within measurable time, the Conference did not open up any clear vista. Except for some utopians of the spirit, nobody ever expected that it would. But the Conference did this greater thing: It recognized war as a condition that exists in the nature of man as he functions upon this earth, tried to find out what it is in man that makes him go to war, and then to pre- pare for doing what may be done toward correcting those disorders. Except utopians—and, if there were utopians in the Conference, they were sternly repressed—nobody believed that the work of the Conference was or could be done during the Conference. Here was a bare beginning of diagnosis. Treatment remains for the years ahead. What it was believed could be done— and what, probably, in considerable measure was done—was to start the educated women of America along a path of organized and co-ordinated effort to prevent in this country the development of those things which lead to war. Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt, who was general chairman, told me after the Con- ference was over that she thinks it stands in about the same reiation to the peace movement that the Conference of 1893 in Chicago occupied toward the move- ment against the saloon. The saloon continued to do business, legally, for twenty-six years after that Conference was held. World peace is a bigger thing —certainly a more difficult thing—than National prohibition, and a force equally strong and standing in the same relation to it may be considerably longer in bring- ing it about. If other wars should come in the interval, that would not mean or even indicate that the movement is not making progress. The women of Amer- ica have begun a study of war with the purpose of controlling it. That last sen- tence is really a fairly complete report of the Conference. No leader claimed more, perhaps. I HAVE reported a convention of certi- fied accountants and of numerous other groups who deal in unemotional fashion with severely practical problems, but I have never seen a more unemo- tional meeting than the Conference on the Cause and Cure of War. The hysteria commonly associated both with peace meetings and with war meetings —with this whole subject of interna- tional homicide—was completely absent. Through the seven days of meeting there was not a single outbreak. Only once did I see any manifestation of heat, and that was when a Russian woman, pre- sumably not a delegate, got the floor to put the Conference on notice that the West is in no position to advise the East. These women simply went in a prac- tical, matter-of-fact way about finding out what causes war. They put experts on every phase of the subject on the witness-stand and cross-examined them, after first permitting the witnesses to make speeches. Many venerable men in statecraft and the science of arms testi- fied. Some of them had wild ideas which they announced from the platform. But these ideas never, so far as I could ob- serve, took hold upon the rows of women who filled the seats of the auditorium. More, numerous than the venerable men were the young men whose work in re- cent years has forced them to dig into the causes of war. It may seem a strange thing, but these young men were more practical than the older ones. They dealt less with universal theories and more with regional, even local, facts. In some sort, there was the difference be- tween the philosopher and the scientist. The old man might tell with wonderfuf acuimen what in the abstract causes war; the young man told with remarkable precision of detail what is likely to cause a particular war in a particular place. Not all of the old men were so phil- osophical nor all of the young men so scientific, but the principle holds. All of them made their contribution to the fund of information of the women who are trying to find out what brings war upon the world in crder that they may do what they can to prevent it. Then the women, calling it the findings of the Conference, undertook to make a list of causes. It reads like a cataloguie 175

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176 of human emotions—‘“fear, feeling of insecurity, suspicion, creed, desire to acquire, lust of power, ambition, hate, jealousy, envy.” Others are set down less identical with the common names of the emotions of men. But, after all, hu- man emotions are the causes of war, and any sensible conference such as this one was must so find. The cure, then, when it is found, will be a method of restraining or, better, of redirecting emotions. The Conference undertook to enumerate some of the tools with which this may possibly be accomplished—a permanent international organization, adherence to the World Court, codification of international law, an Under-Secretary of State for Peace, extension of arbitration treaties, partici- pation by the United States in move- ments looking to the reduction of arma- ments, general access so far as possible to natural resources, development of channels of distribution among nations, establishment of a commercial code be- tween nations, establishment of an indus- trial code between nations, international definitions of unfair practices, education of children and grown-ups to think in terms of peace. Comprehensive as this may sound, it is edmittedly only the beginning of a programme. It ought to be mentioned that every The Outlook for organization represented in the Confer- ence has as its primary work something other than the promotion of peace. These are no professional peacemakers to insist upon full benefit of the beati- tude. The organizations are American Association of University Women, Coun- cil of Women for Home Missions, Fed- eration of Women’s Boards of Foreign Missions in North America, General Federation of Women’s Clubs, National Board of the Young Women’s Christian Association, National Council of Jewish Women, National League of Women Voters, National Woman’s Christian Temperance Union, National Women’s Trade Union League. To Whom Does Italy Belong By ELBERT FRANCIS BALDWIN The Outlook’s Editorial Correspondent in Europe for an occasional Fascist demon- stration. There you are pretty sure to hear the orator ask: “A chi I’Italia?” “A chi il sacrificio?” “A chi la gloria?” (To whom does Italy belong? Whose was the sacrifice? Whose is the glory?) Long before he passes from the first to the second query there is the Fascist crowd’s stentorian reply, “A Noi!” (To us!) This same questioning is taken up by bands of black-shirted youths parad- ing the streets. They never fought in the war, but they are, they know, the coming generation of power in Fascism, now the strongest and most cohesive Italian political party. It has enjoyed much outside support from lovers of order, who fear the only too manifest divisions in the Opposition ranks. At the next election, should Opposition forces cohere enough to offer one single anti-Fascist list of nominees, Fascism may well become alarmed; but until then the Fascists may simply snap their fingers at them. How did Fascism arise? Italy fought in the Great War to deliver Italian- speaking provinces from the Austrian yoke and to consolidate them with the homeland. But you cannot consolidate unless you have a strong Government. Now during the years following the war a Bolshevized Communism obtained in- creasing control of industries and _poli- tics. Liberty became license. In espe- cial, amazing as it may seem, the Com- munists despised and ridiculed the army. Of course, to all this there was bound to be reaction. The reaction was chiefly organized by Benito Mussolini, a patriot of great ability, cleverness, shrewdness, eloquence, of militant disposition and of [ie seems outwardly quiet, save intense energy. His rather theatrical methods, however, combined a bandit’s with a statesman’s. Taking a name from the old Roman fasces—the bundle of staves as the sign of authority—Mussolini organized Fas- cism; its members became known as Fascists. He appealed, and with won- derful success, to the always impression- able and attractive youth of Italy— indeed, their Fascist song, “Giovinezza,” thrills many non-Fascists. The Fascist numbers increased by leaps and bounds; there were finally a hundred thousand of them. They cowed and terrorized the Communists, seized the railways, actu- ally “marched” on Rome. The King found it advisable to offer the Premier- ship to their leader. Mussolini promised law, order, econ- omy. He has kept his word. He has not only delivered Italy from the Com- munists (even though he has now made a treaty with a Bolshevist Govern- ment! ), he has restored order. Adminis- trative efficiency is ten times better than it was; finances have been adjusted, and labor conditions improved; the commerce in the ports of Genoa and Trieste is ahead of pre-war records; and the rail- way companies, instead of having to stop trains under Communist behest when Government carabinieri and other hated militant authorities were found aboard, are now running them on schedule time without hindrance, as I can testify, and, what is more, have been covering up their ugly deficits. At present Italy can consolidate—indeed, the temptation may be to over-consolidate, for Italy’s an- nexed territory in the former Austria, in order to provide a natural military fron- tier, now runs to the top of the Alpine main chain and includes the German- speaking South Tyrol. Mussolini despises the flabby and the weak. He is a strong man, an iron man, a natural dictator, and because he is such he brooks no dissent. He even thinks he can organize and administe1 Italy, hitherto under representative Gov- ernment, as he has his Fascist forces. Here is where he makes a mistake. The Italian Government can never remain an example of personal autocracy reinforced by a “Volunteer Militia for National Safety,” superior in number, as _ he would have it, to the country’s regulat army. Given the conditions producing it, the Mussolini system is practical and has been startlingly successful. But, given normal conditions, it is neither equitable nor moral. Though the number of illegal acts per- petrated by the Fascists had been grow- ing less, the Fascist leader, not unnatu- rally pleading the necessity of securing a stable Government, was actually able to persuade Parliament to pass a law deny- ing a strictly equal chance of parliamen- tary representation. Under this law the largest political party in Italy obtains two-thirds of the seats in the lower house of the Italian Parliament. This victory obtained, Mussolini be- gan to give indications of a feeling that perhaps, after all, Italy could not be kept like a dog on a leash, and that he could afford to open some prospect of a return, sooner or later, to regular constitutional practices. But he took a long time dramatically to demonstrate this. It has only just happened, and in a way doubt- less equally surprising to the Opposition, to the Fascists, and to their leader him- self. He has actually “gone back” on -~ es ww

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February 4, 1925 his rough-and-ready electoral law. He proposes a new one, containing an amaz- ing amount of plural voting. But he is really the same Mussolini. Never disguising his contempt for the paralytic parliamentary proceedings of the past, with their lobbying, wire- pulling, and secret conclaves, he “plays up” to his party extremes. Thus, begin- ning last spring, a series of subversive events occurred, culminating in the mur- der of the Socialist Deputy Matteotti, Mussolini’s political opponent. The popular outcry became so great that the Premier issued a decree practically for- bidding free speech to the press. He immediately began to act vigorously un- der this decree, then allowed it mostly to lapse, but has now become more vigilant than ever. Sequestrations and confisca- tions are going on all over Italy, as are also perquisitions with respect to residen- tial and other private property. This latter phase is especially remarkable in the case of the new Italia Libera society. Under the pretense that it was a repub- lican organization, and so opposed to the monarchy, Mussolini has closed some one hundred and twenty branches all over Italy. I have talked with Fascists and Oppo- sitionists about these measures against free association and speech. In the court of the ample offices here of the “Cor- riere della Sera” (the paper of largest circulation in Italy and the ablest oppo- nent of Fascism) I found soldiers walk- ing up and down, ready, I suppose, to pounce upon offending issues. Inside the building, however, there seemed to be only smiling serenity. But of course editors and readers resent pressure on the right of free speech. On the other hand, concerning the “Corriere,” a Fas- cist official in his office showed me num- bers of the paper day by day for months, each starting off with an anti-Govern- ment broadside, “yet the Government has interfered with it but a few times,” said the official. “Do you call that tyranny?” Other papers have not been so fortu- nate. The other day the Roman “Mondo,” for example, was only allowed to appear because it had reduced itself to a list of children, the announced re- cipients of gifts at the Befana—a tradi- tional Roman Epiphany féte. The important “Lavoro” of Genoa has de- cided to suspend publication because of continual Government interference; the Cuneo “Subalpino” has been reduced to printing a chapter of the Bible, and the “Giustizia” of this city came out the other day with only the advertisements, and all the rest of the space blank. Even so, it was confiscated! The “Avanti” Premier Mussolini's latest portrait and the Communist papers have had worse luck, Meanwhile Mussolini tried to improve matters a bit by compelling his militia to take the oath of allegiance to the King. Their oath hitherto had been only to Fascism! But, protested the Opposition leader, Signor Amendola, “the militia’s nature is not changed by the recent oath; indeed, the oath itself has been rendered null and void by the Prime Minister’s request that the militia should renew their devotion to Fascism and to consider it the safeguard of the Revolution.” The word “Revolution” may seem extreme to American ears, but it is nothing less than revolution when a dictator builds up a militia to represent a party and not a country. All these things worked on the minds of the Italian Deputies in the Opposition, and they finally refused further to par- ticipate in the sessions of the Chamber. Though professing to stand for constitu- tional principles and the parliamentary system, they adopted the really unconsti- tutional course of retiring from Parlia- ment in high dudgeon. They “retired to the Aventine Hill,” as did the old Ro- mans before them, and were joined by many who had supported Fascism as the only possible course for the moment. Then there began to be particular pro- nouncements and particular events to sharpen the situation. In October the Liberal Party, hitherto a Fascist ally, at its Leghorn meeting proclaimed that “the legitimate base of government is the country’s consent manifested in constitu- tional forms.” On November 4, the anniversary of 177 the Vittorio Veneto victory, as a proces- sion of ex-soldiers was moving across one of the squares in Rome it conflicted with a larger number of Fascist militia. The cause was that the Arditi and other mili- tary organizations, together with some societies of the war wounded, resentful of Fascist interference, had refused to take part in the celebrations marking the anniversary of the Fascist march on Rome, October 28. The Combattenti— soldiers who had fought in the war and had formed themselves into a political organization—were at first with Musso- lini, but now seceded from the Fascist ranks. On November 12 Parliament opened with the absence of the Aventinists. A hali-dozen anti-Fascists did, however, attend iater to protest; among them the octogenarian ex-Premier Giolitti. “For the love of the Fatherland,” he cried, addressing the Prime Minister, “do not treat the Italian people as if they were unworthy of the liberties they have al- ways had in the past.” But there were enough who did not think that a dictatorship, with its prohi- bitions of free speech, free meeting, and a free press, should cease, even though the conditions giving it birth had ceased. So Signor Mussolini came off with a vote of confidence, 315 votes to 6, the absent Aventinists making up the balance of the membership. It should be added in all justice that the vote was put pri- marily on the Premier’s foreign policy; the Fascists were joyous on definitely adding Fiume proper, the Dodecanese Islands, and Jubaland to Italy. But I question whether they were equally pleased with the wise treaties negotiated with Jugoslavia and Switzerland. Suppose Mussolini were assassinated to-morrow—for some lunatic seems al- ways ready to remove a shining mark. Would, could, any Fascist grasp the falling torch, and “carry on”? Could any Opposition leader? If not, would there be chaos and civil war? That is the question men are asking. Mean- while, to celebrate this Holy Year, Catholic pilgrims are already arriving in Italy, and many more are coming from all over the world. The usual crowd of English, American, and other foreigners seems as large and ubiquitous as ever. And most Italians are unworriedly go- ing about their daily duties and pleas- ures, doubtless feeling, as I heard one say impatiently yesterday, “There isn’t going to be any trouble.” Perhaps not. But if not, it will prob- ably be because Mussolini ‘comes across” towards constitutional principles and because, in return, the Opposition agrees to keep the strong man in power. Milan, January 12, 1925.

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Industry I‘hotograph by Kenneth Clark Mural Painting by Arthur Covey, for the Kohler Works, Kohier, Wisconsin Ravn paintings occupy a prominent place in the Exhibition of Mural Art in the Brooklyn Museum, to be held February 4—March 3. This exhibition, one of the first of-the kind in this country, includes examples by many noted American and European artists. The work of Mr. Ezra Winter is well known, including as it does the mural deco- ration of the Cunard Building in New York City and that of the Cotton Exchange. Mr. Arthur Covey’s picture reproduced above is to be placed at the entrance of the works of the Kohler Company, manufac- turers of enameled ironware at Kohler, Wisconsin. Mr. Covey has executed mural paintings for the Lord & Taylor store in New Y-ork City, for the Filene Company of Boston, and for the City Library of Wichita, Kansas

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Oil the Key to Russo-Japanese agreement just signed at Peking is the beginning of an Oriental federation which may even- tually be pilted against the Occident. Generalizations of this sort have often been indulged in by both Japanese and Western critics. Some Japanese have, especially since the enactment of Orien- tal exclusion by the American Congress, harped upon the new orientation of Japanese policy. Such utterances may for a time serve a certain understandable purpose, but do not represent the true state of affairs. Japan as a nation is no dreamer of dreams. She is practical and matter-of- fact. She is not easily swayed by such catchy slogans as “Asia for Asiatics,” “Japanese hegemony of Asia,” and the “white peril.” She listens politely to Sun Yat-sens, Tagores, Joffres, and Karahans who come to her shores and harangue or whisper to her people, en- deavoring to convince her that Asia’s deliverance from “white domination” lies in a Pan-Asiatic movement under Jap- anese leadership. To the expostulations of such champions of Asia Japan says nothing, save, perhaps, that she is glad that they have elected to visit her hum- ble land. No, the new agreement between Tokyo and Moscow has, as far as Japan is concerned, been inspired by no such deep motives as the federation of Asiatic peoples with the reinforcement of Soviet Russia. On the contrary, it is to her a very simple matter, this rapprochement between the Empire and the Soviet Republic. It would indeed be hypocriti- cal for a Japanese to deny that the thing which has induced Japan to restore friendly relations with Russia is the prospect of getting the oil which she thinks is stored in the plains and dales of northern Saghalin. She has also in view the trade which she hopes the rapprochement will confer upon her in Siberia and European Russia. In other words, Japan’s motives in this matter are purely economic. For years Japan has been in quest of oil, the greatest of the essential materials of modern industry, for the control of which all the leading industrial nations have brought into play their diplomatic and political resources. Her homeland yields but a scant supply of oil. Neither in Korea nor in Manchuria have there been found oil veins. Japan annually 180 I is too fantastic to say that the the Russo-]apanese Agreement. By K. K. KAWAKAMI consumes something like 840,000 tons of petroleum, while she produces only 252,- 000 tons. In other words, her oil pro- duction amounts to only thirty per cent of her consumption. The shortage is made good by imports from California, Mexico, Java, and Borneo. In the hope of remedying this obvious drawback, Japanese engineers have in vain prospected every section of their not very extensive country. Not only have no new fields been discovered, but the output of crude oil in Japan has steadily been decreasing since 1916, when some 532,000 tons was produced, despite the fact that the capital invested in the enterprise has been greatly in- creased. She realizes that without a securer and more abundant source of oil supply at her disposal her industrial structure can never be aught but pre- carious, while her national defense will never be on a firm foundation. Handi- capped by dearth of iron ores, Japanese industry has been doubly hindered by lack of oil. Seeing no hope for relief in the direc- tion of Korea, Manchuria, or China, it is but natural that Japan should turn to Russia’s vast eastern territories for a new source of oil supply. Russian Saghalin lies at Japan’s door, and is reported to have oil fields hidden in its bosom. Of course Saghalin oil is yet an unknown quantity, but that does not deter Japan from taking a try, for she is almost desperate. Tens of millions that she may expend for prospecting and drilling wells may bring no results, but she will at least have the satisfaction of feeling that she has left nothing undone to remedy the greatest defect in her indus- trial system, upon whose wholesome de- velopment the solutjon of her vexatious population problem must largely depend. It must not be assumed that the oil concessions obtained by Japan are of a monopclistic nature. Russian Saghalin has an area of 15,850 square miles, only a very small fraction of which is affected by the Japanese concession. As reported in the press, the prospecting right se- cured by Japan covers 1,000 square versts, or 280,000 acres, on the eastern coast of Saghalin, with the qualification that when prospecting proves a success only fifty per cent of the productive area will be granted to Japanese entrepreneurs for development. In addition, Japan is reported to have obtained a concession of over fifty per cent of a certain area whose delimitation is not yet made pub- lic, but in which prospecting has already been made. Of the output of the oil fields covered by the concessions the Russian Government is to get ten to fifteen per cent, and where gushers are found fifty per cent. Whether these Japanese concessions come in conflict with the prospecting right which Mr. Sinclair claims to have obtained in Saghalin a few years ago is an interesting problem. Mr. Sinclair’s right is said to cover all of Russian Sa- ghalin, a monopolistic concession, but so far no prospecting has been done. Mr. Karahan, the Soviet Envoy at Peking, who negotiated the agreement with Japan, is reported to have assured the Japanese that, since Mr. Sinclair did not fulfill certain conditions, his prospecting right was no longer considered binding upon the Russian Government. Apart from the possible Sinclair com- plication, Japan has entered into this agreement with no small apprehension, for she knows of not a few cases of for- eign mining enterprise in Siberia made impossible under Soviet rule. It has been easy enough for foreigners to obtain con- cessions in Soviet Russia, but getting a concession is not so important as the possibility of operating it successfully. If the Soviet authorities impose a hun- dred and one unreasonable conditions upon the operation of a concession, no concessionaire can hope to make profit- able business. Will the same thing hap- pen to disillusion the Japanese? Historically Japan has reason to rejoice over the prospect, however un- certain, of establishing an economic foothold in northern Saghalin, because the Japanese have never given up the belief that the whole of Saghalin once rightfully belonged to them, and that they were “cheated” out of that terri- tory by the imperialistic diplomacy and militarism of Czarist Russia. They cherish the fond memory that one of their intrepid forefathers, Rinzo Ma- miya by name, was the first to navigate through the Straits of Tartary and establish the theory that Saghalin, con- trary to general belief among Occiden- tals, was not a peninsula but an island. He found the island settled by the Ainu, the race which once thrived all over northern Japan. Because Japan failed to follow Mamiya’s exploration with adequate enterprise for colonization, the Russians made marauding inroads into a. tw Oo ie ee >. ee ae thlCUrelCU le oF wet rel CU

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the territory, with the result that in 1874 Japan was forced to recognize Russian sovereignty over it. As a consequence of the war with Russia, Japan in 1905 recovered the southern half of the island. The Outlook for February 4, 1925 If the new agreement with the Soviet Government proves workable, the north- ern half may, under Japan’s economic influence, become a thriving center of oil and fishery enterprises. Russia has 181 never so much as attempted to develop the resources of the island—she has on the continent an unbroken stretch of territory too vast for her to take care of. A Japanese Fleet Visits San Francisco Staff Correspondence by HUGH A. STUDDERT KENNEDY HATEVER California may feel on the Japanese question as a great domestic issue, the State has always striven to show that its feelings towards the Japanese people were only kind feelings and towards the Japanese nation only those of friendli- ness and respect. The visit of the Japanese fleet to San Francisco gave San Franciscans an opportunity to dem- onstrate again this State characteristic. San Francisco, moreover, recognized that, inasmuch as the city beyond the Golden Gate was the only port of call on continental America for the Japanese squadron, its citizens stood in place of the Nation as a whole and had a great trust to fulfill in demonstrating to the Japanese nation the real friendliness of the United States. It is particularly noticeable that when the visit of the Japanese fleet was first announced there was an immediate softening of hard words on the eternal Japanese question. The fundamental friendliness of the United States for Japan was emphasized in all the papers and the efforts of the jingo, whether in this country or in Japan, were repu- diated. For weeks before the arrival of the fleet San Francisco was preparing a welcome. A citizens’ committee com- posed of the most influential men of the city took the matter in hand; and when the three Japanese cruisers nosed their way out of the early mist through the Golden Gate, they moved towards a city bedecked with flags and ready to accord them a real American welcome. Fog shrouded the scene of the entry, but by the time the three men-of-war had passed Alcatraz and, sailing under the shadow of the historic Telegraph Hill, had been piloted to their anchorage close by the three American battleships ~-the West Virginia, Maryland, and Colorado—the sun had struggled through the mist, and the broad waters of San Francisco Bay, easily able to accommo- date all the fleets of the world at one time, unfolded themselves to view. Nothing was omitted from the tradi- tional formality of such an event. As the Japanese flagship, Asamo, came abreast of Goat Island and within sight of the American fleet, the boom of can- non carried her message of good will. As the sound of the last of twenty-one guns echoed from the surrounding hills the American flag which had been flying at the forepeak of the Asamo was slowly lowered, and the return salute gun for gun came over the waters from the West Virginia. Within a very short time the two fleets were riding side by side, the Japanese cruisers, all of them veterans from the Russo-Japanese War, looking very small and very weatherbeaten by the side of the great American battle- ships. Scarcely had the Japanese ships come to anchor when a launch from the West Virginia was alongside the Asamo. It bore Admiral Wiley’s chief of staff carrying an invitation to Vice-Admiral Hyakutake to visit him aboard his flag- ship. That was the beginning of it; and soon the waters round about the ships were the scene of much animation, motor launches plying back and forth and all manner of courtesies being extended on both sides. . Meanwhile there was ashore much stir and expectancy. Along Market Street, which seems to cut a broad swath through the city from the ferry building out towards the twin peaks, the scene was gay with flags, the Stars and Stripes alternating every few yards with the Chrysanthemum Flag of the Island Empire. Signs of welcome were every- where displayed in shop windows, and newspapers, damp from the press, told the story of the fleet’s arrival. In an incredibly short space of time, so it seemed, Japanese and American sailors began to appear on the sidewalks and language difficulty seemed to offer no obstacle to comradeship. Already morning papers had carried a full-page message of greeting from the citizens of San Francisco, telling how San Francisco, “port of all flags on an ocean of world commerce,” was that day “flying the Rising Sun and the Stars and Stripes to signalize the arrival, in man- of-war row, of the squadron of his Im- perial Majesty the Emperor of Japan. The city of the Golden Gate,” the mes- sage continued, “sees in the arrival of this squadron another token of the reciprocal good will existing between the people of the American Republic and the Empire of Japan. Greetings, Vice- Admiral Saburo Hyakutake, your offi- cers, cadets, and enlisted men of the Asamo, the Iszuma, and the Yakumo. The people of San Francisco unite in extending the hands of hosts to you. A citizens’ committee, representative of every civic and commercial group of the city, has developed an extensive pro- gramme of entertainment during your stay here and trusts that your visit will be a most enjoyable one. It looks upon your presence as another opportunity to bind anew the cordial ties that have always existed between the people of Japan and the United States.” And so it went on in honest, straightforward friendliness. And hardly had one finished reading it before the evening papers were on hand containing Admiral Hyaku- take’s cordial reply. The first day was taken up with the interchange of courtesies, and it was not until Saturday morning that the city ex- tended its official welcome in the rotunda of the City Hall. This was followed by a luncheon at the Commercial Club, and thereafter all doors of entertainment seemed to fly wide open. There can be no doubt that the visit will be productive of much good. Feel- ing on the Japanese question in Califor- nia at times runs particularly high, and, while the visit of the Japanese fleet can- not in any way affect this great issue, it can produce that attitude of good will so necessary to a just solution of any question. As a _ well-known British statesman once declared on a momentous occasion, without good will we can do nothing, but given good will, we can do anything. It is safe to say that before the week’s visit of the Japanese fleet is over much good work will have been done in this direction—and of a lasting nature. By telegraph from San Francisco, California, January 25, 1925.

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The Last of the Unexplored Lands By CHARLES FITZHUGH TALMAN Do you know that more than half the world still awaits exploration? The new lands are not ‘‘ lost behind the ranges,’’ but under the restless surface of the seven seas i ‘HE teaching of geography is still at the stage of ignoring about seven-tenths of the earth’s sur- face. Hence to ten thousand people who can bound Jugoslavia and locate Popo- catepetl there is hardly one who has so much as heard of the Kerguelen Trough, the Aleutian Trench, the Crozet Rise, the Hudson Furrow, the Rio Grande Ridge, the Nero Deep—perhaps even of the Telegraph Plateau, which was famous when ocean cables were a novelty. The enlightened public cherishes the impres- sion that, outside of the polar zones and a few great deserts, hardly any unex- plored territory remains upon the face of the globe. It rarely gives a thought to the vast expanse of land beneath the sea, most of which is still unmapped and the meager nomenclature of which is just beginning to find its way into the refer- ence books. The same public will there- fore be amazed to learn that plans have just been made for a scientific expedition which is expected to lay bare the secrets of terre incognite a thousandfold more extensive than those once opened up by Livingstone, Speke, and Stanley. There are two chief milestones in the past history of suboceanic exploration. The United States Navy is identified with one and the British Navy with the other. The first was a phase of the com- prehensive undertakings of Lieutenant Matthew Fontaine Maury, who, not con- tent with charting winds and currents, introduced rapid methods of deep-sea sounding and secured from his large corps of nautical collaborators the data that enabled him to publish in the year 1854 the first bathymetric map of the Atlantic. The laying of the Atlantic cables was much facilitated by this enter- prise. The second was the expedition of H. M. S. Challenger, under the scientific direction of Wyville Thomson and the naval command of Sir George Nares, which still holds first place among ex- ploring expeditions, whether of sea or land. This expedition left England at Christmas, 1872, and returned in May, 1876. America is now preparing to challenge the supremacy of the Challenger. Last summer the Secretary of the Navy in- vited the leading scientific lights of the Government and a few unofficial experts to confer in Washington about “all mat- 182 A New Sir George Nares P Lieutenant-Commander George E. Brandt, U. 8. N., the energetic Secretary-General of the Conference on Oceanography and of its Interim Executive Committee, may be.the first naval commander of the new rival of the Challenger. Who will play the réle of Wyville Thomson (scientific director of the great British undertaking)? ters pertaining to a proposed United States naval expedition for research in oceanography.” The conference held sessions from July 1 to October 2, and will continue to meet from time to time, its work being carried on between meetings by an Interim Executive Com- mittee, of which Captain F. B. Bassett, Hydrographer of the Navy, is chairman. Only the aid of Congress in the shape of a modest appropriation is now needed to insure the launching, probably next sum- mer, of what is to be called most fittingly the “Maury U. S. Naval Oceanographic Research.” The original idea contem- plated only a single expedition, but has grown into plans for permanent research activities on the part of the Navy. The first field of investigation will be the waters of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, with a special view to the proximity of the Panama Canal. The mapping of subsea geography is only a part of the programme, but it is the part upon which the structure of the enterprise’ largely rests. In fact, the project is the direct outcome of the re- cent development by naval experts of a new and marvelously rapid method of sounding, which utilizes acoustic signals in place of the old-fashioned line and sinker. The “sonic depth-finder” does in minutes what the sounding-machine does in hours. Doubtless a great many ves- sels, of the merchant marine as well as the Navy, will eventually make sound- ings by this process, so that in a few years we shall probably have along all the ocean highways and in the regions penetrated by occasional voyages maps of the sea bottom as copious in their topographic details as those we now have of settled and civilized lands. There are other new nautical devices, and other scientific problems to be solved with them, of which the Challenger ex- plorers never dreamed. It is becoming more and more evident that the ocean, as the main reservoir of heat received from the sun, holds important clues to the mysteries of terrestrial weather and climate. Inventors have been busy with improved apparatus for determining the temperature and other physical charac- teristics of sea water, and the results obtained with such instruments will be promptly brought into relation with re- cent discoveries and hypotheses of me- teorology. Certain members of the Con- ference on Oceanography are frankly hopeful of long-range weather forecast- ing. In the days of the Challenger nobody foresaw radio communication. To-day this indispensable adjunct of navigation is still subject to defects the removal of which may be brought about through research conducted at sea. Ma- rine biology has long been prominent in oceanographic cruises. Nevertheless the world at large hardly yet realizes that in studying the teeming life of the ocean we are investigating the principal food re- sources of a not far distant future, when the fruitfulness of the land will no longer be able to supply the needs of an over- grown human population. Science, however academic its aims.

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—_—_ ae Bee —— A Twentieth-Century Challenger The U. S. S. Rainbow, tentatively selected by the Navy to repeat, with modern improvements, the achievements of the Challenger Expedition of the last century. Originally built as a merchant vessel, she was purchased by the Navy at the time of the Spanish-American War. She has had a varied naval career. At one time she was fitted with large distillers and was assigned as water-distilling vessel for the fleet. She has also been used as a surveying vessel, as a transport for troops, as flagship of the Asiatic Fleet, as a tender for torpedo-boats, as a convoy vessel, and as a mother-ship for submarines. If the recommendation of the Conference on Oceanography is followed, she will be renamed the U. S. S. Tanner, in honor of Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. N., who contributed much to the advancement of oceanographic research The New Way of Measuring Depths at Sea Che sonie depth-tinder, which was the outgrowth of a de- sice invented during the World War for locating sub- marines, measures depths by sound instead of by the slow and cumbersome method of line and sinker. Sound is sent out by the instrument, strikes the bottom, and is reflected back to a specially designed receiver. The depth is caleulated from the inter- val between the sending of the signal and the receipt of its echo. This instrument ean be used while the ship is under way and can accom- plish a complete survey of the bottom in one-tenth to one-twenty-fifth of the time required by any other meth- od. Twenty-two Government vessels are now equipped with this device. The sonic depth-finder was invented by Dr. H. C. Hayes

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184 nearly always provides a practical justi- fication for its undertakings. The Chal- lenger expedition led to the discovery of phosphate rock on Christmas Island, in the Indian Ocean. The British Govern- ment made haste to annex this previously ownerless bit of territory, which yielded a fortune to Sir James Murray, head of The Outlook for the Challenger Office, and earned for the Government in taxes and royalties more than the total cost of the expedi- tion. Jaywalkers, Flivverboobs,and the Movies By WILLIAM ULLMAN How the motion-picture camera helped to bring safety to the streets NE recent Monday a number of () the National capital’s most dis- tinguished jaywalkers and reck- less drivers took their accustomed way to the movies for an evening’s thrill. They sat through the news reels and the overtures, breathlessly awaiting the big features. And they were not disap- pointed. To their amazement, they discovered that the feature players of the evening were none other than themselves—caught jaywalking, speeding, lawbreaking. Jaywalkers and thoughtless automo- bilists suddenly wished they had brought along their smelling salts. Meanwhile the rest of the audience were busy nudging one another and say- ing, “There, you see what a narrow of the National capital escape you have when you don’t watch your step!” And the parties being nudged were making certain mental resolutions that were to send them out into the streets better traffic citizens in every way. Washington traffic violators were caught with the goods. It had never happened before. Every one hopes that it will never happen again—in Washing- ton. In other cities it may be a different story, unless the Nation in general is willing to take a tip from the Washing- ton traffic films. The value of the traffic films at the National capital was to be found in the fact that they gave the peo- ple of Washington no opportunity to say that they were not true pictures of local conditions. The movie men had gone right out into the normal traffic of a nor- mal day and “shot” just exactly what they found. It may be necessary for other cities to do the same, unless the general public is willing to believe what the people of Washington would never have believed had they not seen it all with their own eyes and recognized themselves starring as clowns. As a safety stunt the traffic films hit square because they were genuine in every particular. With the exception of the arrangement with the Fire Depart- ment and the Emergency Hospital for “runs” nothing was staged. This is best demonstrated by the fact that the light- ing in many parts of the films is ex- tremely poor, while there is no evidence ——— The camera has caught the pedestrians and automobilists of Washington taking chances just to gain a few seconds at the corner of 14th Street and Pennsylvania Avenue a ania ot ance SE sciaee tAN

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07 ‘or ies li- ne at or 1€ at er 1 d net February 4, 1925 What do you think of the brain capacity of this flock of pedestrians ? Many drivers wait in this position with cars in low gear, and a hundred things can happen easily to cause a car to jump forward and crush any one who is trying to wedge between it and the car ahead. The nautical maxim that there is more room at a boat’s stern than her bow applies to automobiles as well as to ships at all of photographic skill. Even the section of the films showing President Coolidge wending his way intelligently across the intersection of Fourteenth and G Streets was so poor photographically that a good “still” could not be made of it. Hollywood’s junior directors would have pronounced “Our Traffic” an artis- tic failure, but the public and the offi- cials of Washington pronounced it a huge success as the opening wedge in a great civic drive against carelessness. And that was the result the sponsors of the films were aiming for. Who would have believed that a fliv- ver driver would dare to loiter in front of a speeding fire-truck, had not some one undertaken to make a pictorial rec- ord of the instance? Who would have believed that in this day and age two automobile drivers would be so feeble- minded as to quarrel over right of way with the city’s fire apparatus bearing down upon them, had not the facts been “canned” for future reference? Who would have thought it possible that: pe- destrians would still walk. between ap- proaching street cars, had not the story been put into such form that no one could deny it? The editors of the Washington “Star” had been noticing a strange attitude toward the news it was printing. It sent out competent reporters to gather the facts regarding the city’s carelessness and its consequences. It had prepared such material with every consideration for the facts and had presented the news forcefully and prominently in its pages. But, despite all this, the average pedestrian and the average driver seemed to take the news with a grain of salt. “That’s a story about the other fel- low,” said the jaywalker as he glanced through the paper on his way home from work. “Something ought to be done with these fool drivers,” said the none-too- careful driver as he read the headlines daily. “The story is about you,” retorted the “Star,” “and we'll prove it.” The traffic films came as a thunder- 185 belief that all the trouble was due to the “other fellow.” They proved conclu- sively that the “other fellow” had no patent on traffic folly. The facts were all there in black and white, but moving, and act for act. Breathlessly, jaywalkers, wild drivers, and the hundreds of people who are always just on the ragged edge watched the fire apparatus tear its hazardous way through the city, only to reach its desig- nated point to find an innocent Ford parked nose up against the fire hydrant! Who can doubt that in seeing the driver arrested on the spot the traffic films hit square? The ambulance dash through the city that was actually halted because of the folly of a senseless driver who thought that there was no danger in getting squarely in the way must have made a civic impression that could not easily be overlooked. It was not confined to drivers, this movie experiment in safety. Pedestrians were shown systematically violating traffic rules and paying absolutely no heed to the whistle system, which had been adopted by the Police Department with full publicity in the newspapers. Many of these pedestrians saw for the first time in their lives what terrible chances they take, how hazardous it is to cross the street in front of or behind a street car, and how essential it is to make street crossing a serious business at all times. Thousands of Washington pedestrians have been made to see how stupid it is to place any confidence whatsoever in bolt to shake the city out of its costly Every person who drives a motor car ought to know enough to park at a safe distance from a fire plug. Yet pictures and fire statistics show that there are many flivverboobs who still don’t. In this picture members of the National Capital Fire Department are shown moving a car from a fire plug needed to help fight a fire raging in the neighborhood

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186 the automobile driver; and, conversely, thousands of motorists now know how dangerous it is to expect the pedes- trian to do the right thing at the right time. Washington was tremendously im- pressed by the pictures of its own folly. Safety advocates will be interested in knowing that, after viewing the pictorial record of civic folly, Inspector Albert J. Headley, Chief of the Capital Traffic Bureau, said: “I only wish that in all the hundreds of addresses I have deliv- ered before citizen associations, at pub- lic meetings, and in schoolrooms I could have conveyed in half as thorough a manner as these pictures have done the danger pedestrians and motorists alike incur from negligence.” Commissioner James I. Oyster, in charge of the Police and Fire Depart- ments of the District, was enthusiastic over the idea of using moving pictures as a means of educating traffic users to the need for greater vigilance and knowledge. “In films of this kind,” he said, “‘mo- torists and pedestrians have an oppor- tunity to see themselves as others see them. Men and women who walk thoughtlessly across a busy intersection, without regard to the officer’s signal, may realize the chance they take when they see it enacted on the screen. “Likewise the motorist who cuts cor- ners, fails to give the right of way, and violates other sections of the regulations should profit from seeing the traffic films. I am in favor of any move that will help bring home to both the jay- walker and the rider their joint respon- sibilities in making the streets of Wash- ington safer.” An important feature of the films is that one cannot view them without gath- ering a few ideas as to how to do things, as well as how not to do them. There were many lessons in sense as well as nonsense. A lot of people who saw them- selves standing back and awaiting the traffic officer’s instructions to “go” also discovered for the first time what a good paying proposition it is to remember that there’s always another minute for doing things. Of the two, motorists and pedestrians, the latter are shown by the traffic films to take the greater risks. All varieties of motor mania were revealed as the pictures were reeled off, but it was at once evident that motorists are very largely protected against one another by reason of their cars and the safety de- vices with which the cars themselves are generally equipped. The pedestrian who took a chance on stepping between two automobiles, on the other hand, had The Outlook for nothing but his lucky stars to protect him. Yes, and it was “him” a good part of the time, not always “her.” The idea that the fair sex represents the chief offender in jaywalking has been officially discarded in Washington. Just how much has been accomplished by reason of these premiere films of traffic boobs, of course, cannot be figured at this time, but Washington police and traffic officials have at least been en- abled to clinch their argument that the public is the real offender and ignorance the chief problem to be tackled. One record of results, however, is worthy of note. It happened just outside one of the picture-houses where the films were be- ing run as a pre-release. There is a traffic rule in the District that specifi- cally forbids the parking of cars between the street-car loading platform and the curb, yet when the show was over In- spector Headley emerged from the thea- ter to find a car parked in exactly the place where it shouldn’t be. It seems that the party the Inspector finally located and summoned to court was none other than a respectable citizen who had attended the pre-release, still under the delusion that traffic is something for the “other fellow” to worry over. The Religion of the New Renaissance By KENNETH IRVING BROWN HERE is in America to-day a great spiritual hunger. People are searching for a something to displace the aristocracy of things, and dissatisfaction with the existing order— economic, political, social, and religious— is evident. Change is upon us. The religion of to-day is not that of yester- day, and the religion of the New Renais- sance will not be that of our conventional religion to-day. But as yet there is no organization nor any articulate group which can interpret the essence of this change. Discordant voices are heard, and still more fre- quently hungry hands are seen groping for the truth as yet discerned but dimly. Much is still undetermined, but for cer- tain conditions of the change there ap- pears a reasonably clear demand. Of these, as I have found them, I would write. In the preceding articles of this series I have reported my observations on religious conditions as I have met them. In this, the concluding article, may I offer the conclusions which are based upon those observations? “Never were there as many people fumbling for God.” beni has thrown down its glove to the old dogmas. It demands a re- phrasing of religious thought. It asks that the windows of the Church be thrown wide open to the light of reason. It seeks for truth and will accept no compromise. This is the challenging message which Kenneth I. Brown brings to Outlook readers from the younger generation. What will the Church reply to the searching spirit of those to whom it must look for its survival as a living force? Religion Must Recognize All Existing Knowledge as its Ally | erage has discovered that, like it- self, science is honestly searching for the truth, and science is awakening to the discovery that the Christian re- ligion has a scientific basis. Although the anti-evolutionists have not silenced their war-cries, religion has joined with science in the common search for truth. Man’s world has broadened until his earth is left a dust-spot in an inconceiv- ably vast universe; again, man’s world has become introspective to the point that the atom contains a solar system. Such discoveries compel changes in re- ligious thought; to the thinking man a bodily resurrection and ascension offer unsurmountable difficulties, but consider the new grandeur of the familiar phrase, “Thine is the power and the glory.” Gradually religion is coming to recog- nize as an ally the science of psychology. Psychology will make tremendous de- mands of religion; for example, it will demand a radical change in our ideas of —— opments: sane ieteatistbini msn 0 amma: ce

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'? Tw Ow ne Ceaenaee eee February 4, 1925 prayer, but religion dare not refuse, so long as she believes that the Cause of psychological laws is related to that “en- during Power not ourselves that makes for righteousness.” There is an insistent demand to-day that Truth be called upon to testify to the great questions of the universe. Pro- fessor Conrad H. Moehlmann said in conversation: “The college man wants evidence for God on_ extra-Biblical grounds. The Biblical arguments he thinks he knows and he is not impressed, but bring him evidence from science and life and he is enthusiastic.” When Darwin proclaimed his thesis of evolution, our forefathers fled in fear crying, “Our faith is falling.” Not so with the young man to-day. The re- ligion of the New Renaissance dares to face any facts which science may present. Religion Must be * Reasonable”’ in Doctrine r is unthinkable that the present mad rush for education should not result in the exaltation of the head over the heart, even in the matter of religion. The in- tellectual approach to religion is a much- traveled way, and, unless I am mistaken, for many men this awakening of interest must begin in the seat of reason. If man’s reason is the very essence of the man, how else can he be converted un- less he be approached there? Our generation has been busy calling attention to the apparent discrepancies between ecclesiastical tradition and the dictates of reason, and to him who inter- prets religion as a series of successive revelations, as a growth, the process has been stimulative, but to the traditionalist fraught with danger. To make the demand that religion be “reasonable” in doctrine is in no way to limit religion to the processes of reason. This demand would prohibit those things which reason opposes, while allowing for faith, which is “reason grown coura- geous.” Reason is not a terminal agent but a necessary sentinel, ever on guard as we search for that faith which will, to use Professor Kirsopp Lake’s phrase, “satisfy the soul of the saint without dis- gusting the intellect of the scholar.” Religion Must be Perfectly Honest To is to-day a demand for a very clear division between such facts, historical and scientific, as may be known, and those reasonable hypotheses which most satisfactorily supply the gaps beyond and behind the facts—not that the hypotheses may be discarded, but that they may be clearly recognized as hypotheses. One of our universities planned a series of talks on the relation of certain depart- mental subjecis and Christianity, but one after another of the members of the philosophy department declined to speak on the subject, ‘The Relation of Philos- ophy and Christianity,” saying there were too many issues involved on which they were unsettled in their own minds. The comment of the students to whom this was known was, “Why could they not have come to show us those things of which they are assured, and perhaps indi- cate some of the problems on which they are uncertain?” This same sentiment was voiced by a Princeton senior: Professors should not be so wary about expressing their opinion on re- ligious subjects; the universal same- ness and indefiniteness of all but a few make one realize they are not saying all they think and consequently they plant the seed of doubt much more deeply. When one feels that something is being kept from one, one is natu- rally doubtful about the truth of what is being said. If the questioning method which has been so assiduously fostered in education is to be applied to religion—and there is every indication that it is being applied —let there be freedom and intellectual honesty in discussing those matters which are in debate. Religion Must be Expressed ina Phraseology Suited to the Needs of the People * the spiritual leaders of America interpret the universal human ex- periences in the vernacular of the people. Religion is not too aristocratic to be expressed in the common vocabulary. Words, like garments, grow frayed and need to be replaced. One reason for the distrust of the word “religion” to-day is the connotation, for oldster and young- ster alike, of piety, and piety is a good word eternally lost to the philological fold. “I always put the word ‘conver- sion’ in the same class with the word ‘victuals,’ ” a student recently said. The coinage of the old faith is debased in the spiritual markets of the world; phrases which once described living ex- periences have become word-husks. I have often wondered if some of the accredited indifference of our young peo- ple to religion is not sheer ignorance of what the whole thing is about. The preacher’s patois is not theirs; and some of our churchly phrases—‘‘sanctifica- tion,” “clinging to the cross,” “washed in the blood,” ‘‘absolute surrender”—are al- most meaningless to many of our young men and women. Let the words of our faith be challenged, that we do not delude ourselves with mellifluous nonsense. 187 Christ offered some excellent advice, still applicable, about the folly of putting new wine into old wine-skins. Religion Must Recognize that S piritual Values are Paramount “om ye first the kingdom of God” applies both to the churches and to individuals. Organized religion, along with university life, needs to keep con- stantly in mind that costly buildings and elaborately equipped plants are only the shell, and, after all, non-essential for sal- vation. From the taint of gross material- ism religion must be kept free. Too often in our cant about religion and busi- ness is found the argument that religion will increase our earthly profits. The fact may be true or false, but as a point in favor of religion the argument is thoroughly pagan. Let religion ever insist that the life is more important than the output of the laborer, that love is greater than any gift of alms, that the rule of ideas is superior to the rule of things. What shall it profit religion if it have the costliest temple in the world, with an altar of pure gold and windows of choicest glass, with a musical service beyond compare and a congregation of millionaires-—what shall it profit religion if it have all this and lose the message that God is a spirit, and those who wor- ship him must worship him in spirit and in truth? Religion Must Have a Construc- tive Social Programme HE farce of praying, “Thy will be done on earth,” without interfering with existing institutions confessedly un- christian has become patent. If religion is life, as we are constantly told, there are some things in life which need chang- ing, and in the name of religion the change must come. Men like the late Walter Rauschenbusch and Charles A. Ellwood have pointed the way to bring religion out of its temple and enshrine it in the market-place. Let religion aid in the solution of our social evil; and the sermon will be not a catalogue of don’ts, but in the nature of a classroom exposition. At the close of the war a returning soldier wrote: I find myself, as every young man does, faced by a sex problem. In the army I was given good, sound informa- tion, advice, and discipline on that subject; but I cannot remember the church ever facing that problem. But the criticism is not true of many churches to-day. Men like Dr. A. W. Beaven, of Rochester, New York, have led the way with an annual series of practical talks to young people on the

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188 problems of courtship and marriage. The response has forever silenced those who doubted the need. This is but one of many perplexities. Let our spiritual leaders bring us face to face with the practical necessity of jus- tice for the laborer and the employer, of a world court to promote justice between nations, of fairer relations between the black and the white man, and in God’s name challenge us to engage in a strug- gle which shall in truth be a holy war. Religion Must be Recognized as a Spiritual Growth gape eager has no index Expur- gatorius, and yet the tendency has been strongly to ban as dangerous any books or studies which might unsettle “the faith.’ This was not freedom. The religion of the New Renaissance cannot afford to proscribe any book or prohibit any course of study. It dare not erect barriers to shut the inquirer from any of the rich fields of this world’s knowledge. Moreover, religion dare not be static. It, like youth, must grow in wisdom and stature. And when religion shall be recognized as a spiritual growth, such a tragedy as that noted in these jottings on a college questionnaire will be avoid- able: Graduate of a Mid-Western college. Plan to teach zodlogy. By denomina- tion a Baptist. I intended to go into medicine, for I wanted to be medical missionary, but funds were unavail- able. The field of science which I now intend to enter is “taboo” to the con- servative religious element of my church, and hence I have rather lost interest in the church. Religion Must be Individualistic [ is not contradictory to affirm that religion must embody a social gospel and at the same time be individualistic. A religion with final authority in the con- science of man is of necessity individual- istic, depending upon the heart and mind of man for its interpretation. The influence of this demand may be far-reaching. It will clog the steps of the man who goes out to impose a set of dogmas or a stereotyped emotional ex- perience upon his fellow-man, but it will hasten him who seeks to awaken in an- other the latent “divine life,” that it may blossom in its own way. An individual- istic religion frowns upon the top-hat, black-frocked missionary who passes out tracts of cloistered and antediluvian doc- trine to the benighted heathen, but it smiles upon the Christian engineer, the Christian physician, the Christian edu- cator, and the Christian preacher who goes into all the world sharing with the The Outlook for February 4, 1925 world’s people the best which he has in his life. , I met a man who spoke to me with evident irritation of the “personal work” demanded by the leader of the deputa- tion work in his college: Who are we men to urge other men and boys to become Christians? That is to say, and rightly I believe, that if we are Christians, good ones, our ser- vice is to show the boys and girls with whom we come in contact what a Christian is by clean, wholesome fun, comradeship, and thought. If this ex- ample arouses admiration, they will look up to and imitate our men after they are gone. I once went as a leader of a depuiation on which I followed the theory I have mentioned. When I gave my report at the meeting, I had to admit that we, at least I, had done no “personal work.” There was a silence, and the leader said, “I am afraid your deputation has not been a success.” But who can know that it was not? Religion Must be Co-operative a must be tolerant; but toler- ance borders so nearly on neutrality that it becomes an easy virtue. Religion must be more; it must be co-operative. “Thy will be done on earth” is a reason- ably broad programme of co-operation. Differences of creed can be put aside. And, more: religion on that ground can co-operate with those bodies who do not call themselves Christian, who may even oppose Christianity, but who still want the same kind of world that God’s will on earth would bring. The conversation was hopelessly Uto- pian, of course, and utterly foolish which I overheard from two young men of training, both prospective candidates for the ministry, talking in a restaurant. If they had not seen the folly of such terms, the one might have called himself a lundamentalist and the other a Mod- ernist. The latter said: “Why wouldn’t it be possible for us to serve in the same church? There is much we believe in common—at least we both worship the only God. If you insisted on preaching a sermon on the Virgin Birth in the morning, I might explain my position in the evening, and between the two posi- tions the congregation could choose. Why not?” And the Fundamentalist was broad enough (or was it indifference to Utopia?) to echo, “Why not?” A Harvard graduate student voiced this plea for co-operation when he wrote apropos of the function of the Graduate Schools Society: Cannot the society do something to help dispel the illusion which prevents a Catholic student from going to Carol Service at Appleton Chapel for fear he will* have to stand up and shout “Down with the Pope,” or which pre- vents a non-Semitic student from ven- turing inside a synagogue for fear he wiil be circumcised? Religion Must A ppeal to the Morally Heroic in Man | Bas religion be done with apologies and undaunted fling its challenge in the iace of the world. Let it call men to follow after it dangerously. There is need for heroes in its social programmes. Youth is not won by an easy task. It welcomes hardship and privation for a cause in which it can believe. Let re- ligion be the great adventure, demanding everything of mind and body and soul, and as in the past so in the present and future, whether it be to establish a chain of co-operative stores in China or to teach biology to the natives of Burma, whether it be to do a great engineering feat that the deserts of our own country may blossom again or to handle a club of unruly youngsters, youth will respond. A*™ these characteristics which I have mentioned are concerned with the appeal or the function of religion rather than with the substance of the message. What kind of a religion is it which shall be co-operative, individualistic, working in harmony with all human knowledge, and recognizing spiritual values as para- mount? I have found only one answer to the question. It must be, not Chris- tianity per se as the centuries have deliv- ered it, for ideas false to the spirit of Jesus, like wolves in sheep’s clothing, have crept in, but the religion of the ideas and life of Jesus. There is the feeling that, if Jesus Christ did, as we profess to believe, lead the most spiritually successful life of any being whose feet ever trod earth’s paths, it might be well if we studied more care- fully the records of that life, both in the historical Gospels and in the interpreta- tive study of John. Did Jesus really propound and incorporate in his life (the double test may afford safety in the case of troublesome isolated passages) those things which are credited to him? In the words of an earnest college man, “Let’s face the Sermon on the Mount, and see whether we do beiieve it in the midst of our loud professions; and, as a corollary, let’s see if we practice it.” That is the demand of to-day, that the religion of the New Renaissance aid men to rediscover the Jesus whose life had such attraction that men left their fish- ing-nets and counting-tables to be with him, and whose words fired their hearers to a courage and a wisdom undreamed of in them. en aan —

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e — — F aw & Masters of Ice and Snow -. =. 4 amen Sith me Sk Rel oo Som oe 2 i ka P. & A. Photos The ancient game of Scotland has been thoroughly acclimatized at the famous Swiss resort of St. Moritz. The scene shows the experts of the curling club in action PP. & A. Photos Boy Scouts are among the leaders of those who enjoy the pleasures of snow and ice. Here is a New York State troop on a winter hike

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Long Distance on the Wire By GEORGE WITTEN Baldwin Jones goes in for a quick clean-up, and cuts a wisdom tooth “WY ’LL think the matter over, and give if you an answer in a few days.” Baldwin Jones had made his money through hard work, and accumu- lated it by careful economy. He wasn’t going to be rushed into any wild schemes by stock promoters. “There is no immediate hurry, Mr. Jones,” said the clever salesman, study- ing the psychology of his prospect. “You are right in wanting to investigate us. Any proposition that is sound will stand investigation. Here is our office address. We shall be glad to hear from you aiter you have looked thoroughly into Petro- leum Limited.” Jones smiled wisely as he let the sales- man out of the front door and bade him good-afternoon. The next day he received a neat letter in his morning mail headed “The In- vestor’s Assurance Company,” which in- formed him that by communicating with the above office he could receive free in- formation and advice on any stocks or bonds. Inclosed was a small pamphlet explaining how the Assurance Company operated. It was very simple and very fair. They kept in close touch with all markets and developments, and from their fund of knowledge advised you where to place your money. You paid them nothing until yoy reccived a divi- dend on your investment, then you paid them one-half of one per cent. Unless they made money for you, they got noth- ing for their services. What could be more just? “Um! I'll just drop in there and hear what they have to say about Petroleum Limited.” Jones pocketed the letter, and turned to his morning paper. At the office of the Investor’s Assur- ance Company he was met by Wilfred Perkins, a genial individual, who shook his head sagely and advised caution in putting money into Petroleum Limited. He turned to a cabinet file and pulled out a folder. “Here,” he said, “is our present report on that concern: “<The officers are all men of wide ex- perience in the oil industry. They have been connected with several successes and one or two bad failures. However, they are regarded as honest, and will exert every effort to make money for their stockholders. “<The properties on which the cor- poration now holds the mineral rights 190 are reported by geologists to contain oil. “They have been drilling for several months, but have not yet struck oil in paying quantities.’ ‘The situation there is precarious,” he said, closing the folder; “you might put your money into it and clean up a for- tune, then again it might mean a total loss. The only safe way to play the game with a proposition of that kind is to watch them. If they strike a gusher, then buy up all the stock you can before it becomes known and the price jumps up.” “But how can a man up here watch what they are doing in Texas?” asked Jones. “That is our work. We keep men in the field constantly. When anything of worth: develops, we inform our clients immediaicly. .\t present we have several people interested in Petroleum Limited. The situation is such that I think it war- rants my going to Texas myself and watching tht developments. Our man there is very reliable, but when there are so many people concerned I always think it best to be on the ground myself. Now, Mr. Jones, if you wish me to, I will put your name down as being interested in Petroleum Limited, and will keep you in- formed on what they are doing.” Mr. Jones decided that he was inter- ested. If he could get inside information so easily, he would be a fool not to take it. “Very good, Mr. Jones; if you wish to become one of our clients, we will ask you to sign the usual form of agreement. This binds you to nothing, except that you agree to pay us one-half of one per cent on all profits you make on stocks in which we advise you to invest. Is this agreeable?” “Ves.” Mr. Jones could see nothing unfair in such an arrangement. “Now,” said Perkins, the paper having been signed by both parties in duplicate, “I’m going to ask you not to make any investments without first consulting us. As our client, whatever you do reflects on us, and we always want to point to our people and be able to say that they are successful. Remember one thing, Mr. Jones: stock brokers have but one object in view—that is, selling stock. Whether the stock succeeds or not doesn’t affect them. Don’t let them talk you into anything without our advice. Especially this Petroleum Limited, which I believe is going to be a gocd bet, but at present we don’t know. Just stand pat, and wait for results from us. Have your money ready, and when we give the word buy as much as you can. Another thing, whatever we tell you is strictly confidential, and only for your own use.” Jones left the office of Perkins feeling that he had got a footing on the inside of high finance. How simple it all was when you knew the ropes! The moment Petroleum Limited struck a real gusher Perkins would send him the tip, then he would buy up the stock rapidly, before the news reached the public. When the stock boomed, he could either sell out or hold it and rake in large dividends. For several days he maintained an air of mystery and smiled knowingly among his friends. He bought his wife several presents, and treated himself to a few choice cigars. Finally a short letter arrived from Perkins: Dear Jones: Things are happening with Petro- leum Limited. Am leaving for Texas to-day. I will keep you posted. Be ready. Sincerely yours, WILFRED PERKINS. For three days Jones lived in sup- pressed excitement. He turned his Lib- erty Bonds and everything else he hac that was negotiable into ready cash. Then he waited restlessly at his home for a message from Perkins. At eleven o’clock on the third night his telephone rang. Hello!” he answered, trying to speak naturally. “Long-distance call for Mr. Baldwin Jones,” came a soft feminine voice. “Yes, this is Jones.” “Hold the wire just a moment, Mr. Jones.—All right, go ahead. All right, Texas!” “Hello, hello! Is_ this Jones?” came the distant voice. “Yes, this is Jones.” Perspiration was standing out on his forehead, his knees knocked together. “This is Perkins. I’m down in Texas. Petroleum Limited struck a gusher late to-day. Get out first thing in the morn- ing, and buy all you can. Don’t breathe Baldwin

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The Outlook for February 4, 1925 191 a word to any one. I’m sending you a re night letter. Good-by. See you next ; week.” Before Jones could form words Dd} .. Ye wank) on his lips to speak there was a click on SS — Zan on | the wire, and the voice was gone. ‘i 3 on He hung up the receiver, and steadied A =A ) A himself against the table. He was trem- i Norrxxexeeey n bling from head to foot. For hours he 9 y aced the floor. He counted and re- r . mae his money. Where could he get ; Me Cutcheon’s f 0 ‘ more? Mortgage the house. Yes, he’d I A se do that just as soon as he could find a F ‘ “a bank open. Finally he lay down and we “The Greatest x *" fell into a fitful sleep, in which he f) Treasure House of Linens r “a dreamed he was a multimillionaire. ° in America” f “4 At eight o’clock the next morning the I A x, door-bell rang, and a messenger handed ‘ i ‘ Jones a yellow envelope marked “Tele- bd NM - gram.” He tore it open with trembling ry " “4 hands, and read: * * nt NIGHT LETTER “ Z 1 BANGOR TEXAS 9P BALDWIN JONES “a LONG ISLAND NY ' PL STRUCK GUSHER LATE TO- “ DAY STOP PEOPLE HERE GONE a WILD STOP BUY ALL YOU CAN or STOCK WILL BOOM IN FEW ri HOURS STOP DONT TELL ANY- ig ONE STOP CHANCE TO MAKE 1] MILLION IN FEW WEEKS STOP vw « LEAVING HERE NOON TOMOR- 5 ROW WILL SEE YOU IN FEW DAYS PERKINS > oe °o>—o- oS Lo — = === 0 = 0-0 === 0— pas 0 pO = —1 5 —) Jones grabbed a newspaper as he hur- ried to the broker’s office, and scanned it : hurriedly. Thank goodness there was no mention of the oil boom! His great chance had come! At the broker’s office he found several other men waiting for the door to open. Like Jones, they were all excited, but all trying to appear indifferent. When the door opened, there was a rush to buy shares of Petroleum Limited. The bro- ker seemed puzzled, and at a loss to ‘ understand what had brought the sudden demand. Jones bought his shares, then hurried out to mortgage his house and buy another five thousand dollars’ worth before it went up. : With his stock tucked safely away in a q deposit vault, he waited for news of Perkins, and watched the papers for the boom. But neither came. Finally his patience gave out, and he went to the offices of the Investor’s Assurance Com- } pany. These he found closed, and learned from the elevator starter that the company had vacated them ten days | previous, and had left no forwarding address. Panic-stricken, he rushed to the ) ; broker’s office. Thisstoo had been va- cated, and the broker gone to parts un- 4 known. Jones still has his stock, which has never paid a dividend, and never will. Now A, 4 rN a oO ie 2 Z J — i of Gine Linens @INcE 1855 McCUTCHEON’S LINENS have been famous for their beauty, for their purity of quality. This high standard is upheld by close contact with the linen centers of the world as well as by our thorough knowledge of Linens. Sr I Se = 0 re o> a A x eX c—% Exquisite in design, with the lustrous sheen that only pure linen can boast, Damask Cloths and Napkins are invariably the choice of the discrim- inating hostess. Their immaculate beauty makes an admirable background for fine china, sparkling crystal and gleaming silver that nothing else can equal. And, too, pure quality Damask Linen is one of the most durable fabrics woven, which recom- mends it for everyday use as well as for festive occasions. James McCutcheon & Co. Department No. 35 Fifth Avenue, 34th and 33rd Streets, New York a Oe) =O! — — — ° yr —P=.3 = — oso 0 -p cs C— Ke =O >= 0-) o> o=.

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192 he is working hard and saving his money to pay off the mortgage on his house. He does not know that Perkins and the broker were both of the same gang; that the “long distance” call was made from a telephone booth a few blocks from his home, and that the fem- inine voice he heard that night belonged to a girl companion of Perkins; that Per- kins had never been in Texas, and that the “telegram” he received that morning was a fake, written on a fake form made The Outlook for similar to the genuine article, and brought by a local messenger. All he does know is that his money is : gone, and that the fraud that was played upon him was also played upon a num- ber of other men in his community. The Book Table Edited by EDMUND LESTER PEARSON Rough Stuff Lillie, that surpassing comedian, sang one of her numbers in the cos- tume of a bellicose female citizen of London’s East End—of Limehouse, per- haps. In the manner of a hard-boiled lady and with a jaw temporarily prog- nathous, she conveyed to her audience the message that she was tough, very tough. At the conclusion of each verse, as she is deftly thrown over the shoulder of her dancing partner (a light-weight pugilist off duty) she comes down, some- times on both feet, sometimes sitting, but always with a thump. The moment of her landing is nicely timed to coin- cide with her refrain: [ “Charlot’s Revue” Miss Beatrice Rough stuff! That’s me! As I watched her, it seemed to me that she represents the Muse of Literature in the minds and purposes of some of the most earnest practitioners of that art. To portray the human animal as a hairy ape, to chuck us out raw slices of life, as Neolithic man used to distribute gobbets of mastodon flesh after a killing—this is the purpose of the theater, of fiction, of autobiography, and even of poetry. There is still another resemblance be- tween Miss Lillie and those who profess, in their books, to give us life with the husks on. It is all acting. Miss Lillie in private life is entitled to have her name enrolled among the lists of the Baronetage of England. There is, how- ever, a point at which all comparisons cease; and that is in the possession of a sense-of the ridiculous. For the actress is clearly a humorist, while our grim realists keep their faces set. They can be bitter—they can be very, very bitter! Like the White Queen, who practiced to believe impossible things for half an hour a day, they can be bitter six times before breakfast. Sarcasm is theirs; sometimes they achieve irony, or a kind of obscurity which is conveniently called irony when the adoring critic isn’t quite sure what the author meant. But humor—no; this world is too sad a place for that. It is, in fact, the Valley of the Shadow, just as the Puritans, whom these realists so ardently attack and so closely resem)le, thought that it was. Reading one of the newest of the hobo autobiographies (Jim Tully’s “Beggars of Life’) and reviews in which it is highly praised as the real thing, I am puzzled to discover how the writers of book reviews get this way, and how it is that they should be so quick to detect the falsity of a silly optimism, like that in the ““Polyanna” books, but so blind to the bunk in the literary rough stuff. For, despite two or three chapters which are not only entertaining but which sound genuine, the work as a whole strikes me as written by an instructor in English in some one of the universities, temporarily oppressed by too much culture, and de- termined to get down to life, raw and bleeding, and perhaps to profit by the fact that literature has seldom been so free from censorship as it is to-day. As the last statement is apt to be chal- lenged, appearing in this place, let me quote from the arch-belaborers of Puri- tanism and humbug, Mr. Mencken and Mr. Nathan. These editors of the “American Mercury” have, except for certain nationalistic slants, the great merit of impartiality: hitting almost every head in sight, they are less preju- diced'than most of us. They can see the humbug in the radical as well as in the conservative, in the anti-Puritan as well as in the Puritan, and thus they manage to keep well ahead of the swarm of Little Menckens and Little Nathans, who imi- tate their phrases and adopt their vo- cabularies in the pages of their own magazine. In their “Clinical Notes,” in last November’s “American Mercury,” appeared these perfectly truthful re- marks: Despite the wails that are still lifted whenever censorship is mentioned, it should be clear to a man with cinders in both eyes that never before in the history of American literature and drama have things been so happily free from interference by busybodies as they are at the present time. Books are published that so little as three years ago would have been raided be- fore the ink was dry, and plays are shown that, no less than two years back, would have brought down a veritable hurricane of gendarmes. Only the movies are still subjected to . rigorous censorship, and they should eas (I am not sure, by the way, that I agree with the last sentence, about the movies. ) Even the intellect of the young intel- lectuals should be able to perceive that the Puritan is played out as a bugaboo. Despite the fact that the Clean Books Bill is again being urged before the Legislature of New York (where I hope it will be defeated), there are too many critics and too many writers of books who see a Puritan in every tree. Gelett Burgess speaks of the kind of person who used to say, “This is Liberty Hall” —and then made you.-drink beer whether you liked it or not. Let authors be free to discuss sex if they wish to, and if they are capable of handling that great sub- ject, but let’s not make them write about it if they do not care to. The tendency of criticism for a number of years has been to dragoon everybody into writing about it. A novel on adultery was “artistic” per se, while one about an- other commandment had to be judged upon its merits. The strange part of this mental attitude was that it existed chiefly in those who had always been keen about style, about the manner of writing, and about letting the author choose his own matter. Yet they suddenly, and perhaps unconsciously, began to narrow the list of subjects in which they would take interest, until, if their prejudices were respected, there remained only one theme for the novelist. A great number of third and fourth rate novels, because they dwelt heavily and often tediously upon sex, have been praised far above their merits, because the critics have been terrified. They quaked with fear of being called “Puri- tan.” For example, the reception given to the chief harper upon this theme and one of the deadliest bores in the history of English fiction, Mr. D. H. Lawrence. If an author takes care to say “belly” = Fa ee ins WI! wl M re — ~~ ~-_- aati’ ett @e O86 Sse 2 Oe 0UeelCUewe ThlUC OOlC COUR

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February 4, 1925 instead of “stomach” and to use the word “guts” rather frequently—and with conscious pride of his daring—he is not only “frank” but “significant.” His writing may be slipshod, his novels the products of a veritable windbag, but if he sends his hero, at about the fourth chapter, into the red-light district, he is surely colossal—another Balzac. If he goes still further, and talks, even with a minimum of wit and less than no inter- est, about perversions—as in the books of an English writer of trifles before whom incense is now being burned—he achieves such “subtlety” that all other writers are told to despair of reaching his perfection. Amid this tosh—some of the worst of which has been uttered in America by Mr. Carl Van Vechten—it is cheering to read this from Mr. J. B. Priestly’s “Figures in Modern Literature:” If Mr. W. W. Jacobs’s stories had been concerned with absinthe and prostitution instead of beer and matri- mony; if they had first appeared in the “Pale Review” instead of the “Strand Magazine,” and had been afterwards brought out in small pri- vate editions instead of such-and-such a sevenpenny or shilling series; if, in short, they had succeeded in depress- ing a handful instead of amusing a multitude of readers, then the very persons who never mention Mr. Jacobs would long ago have called him a great artist. Delicate appreciations of his art would have made their appear- ance in our English literary journals, and superior persons in America, fol- lowing their usual custom, would have produced thesis after thesis analyzing his technique. Perhaps the funniest thing in the situation is to hear a critic—and a few belated ones are still doing it—praise an author for his “courage” in writing a book dealing “frankly” with sex. Considering the fact that to write a book of that kind means immediate hul- labaloo in the critical journals and some sure-fire commercial success, it takes just as much courage to write a book dealing frankly with sex as it does to wave the American flag in a musical comedy. Art is concerned in precisely the same degree in each instance. E. L. P. The New Books RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY ETHICS: ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT. By Prince Kropotkin. Authorized Translation from the Russian by Louis S. Friedland and Joseph R. Piroshnikoff. Lincoln MacVeagh, The Dial Press, New York. $4. Prince Kropotkin proposed to himself a redintegration of the science of ethics, so hard buffeted by evolutionist think- ing. It was to be in two parts, the first of which, the introductory part, should

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There is perhaps no better book of its kind; not only is it authoritative, but also it is written in a style so easy, lucid, and persuasive as to attract the general reader. Obviously, the translators have done their work well. BIOGRAPHY CARLYLE. By David Alec Wilson. E. P. Dutton & Co., New York. $6. This is the second volume of a new biography of Carlyle, and covers the period of that worthy’s life 1826-37; that is, from the year of his marriage to the year of the publication of “The French Revolution.” The author is attempting a kind of restoration of Car- lyle from the defacement inflicted by Froude and the obfuscation created by the smoke of battle between Froudians and anti-Froudians. The story is told, as it should be, so far as possible by quo- tation from the Carlylean correspon- dence. Carlyle was at his best in those years 1826-37, before his outrageous con- ceit of himself as in the prophetic suc- cession marred both his writing and his personality. The biographer is richly gifted with humor and common sense, and in the spirit of a Frans Hals pro- duces a realistic portrait. A peculiar value is given to the book by the new light thrown on the character of Francis Jeffrey (of the “Edinburgh Review”) by the letters from Jeffrey to Carlyle quoted therein. We are apt to think of Jeffrey as a poetapaphaginian (if one may put it that way); instead, he was a very warm-hearted and sweet-tempered per- son. TWICE THIRTY: SOME SHORT ANNALS OF THE ROAD. Bok. Charles Scribner’s Sons, $4.50. A large American public responded warmly to “The Americanization of Ed- ward Bok.” Some reviewers were plain- tive about its naiveté, its childlike charm. They seemed to feel that the chronicler was either too artless for be- lief or too frank for comfort. They spotted here the sentimentalism of the household mentor, and there the inde- corum of the well-meaning alien. Per- haps they almost wished to find some- thing ludicrous in this moralizing Dutch- American who seemed to think he could tell us all where to get off—in words of one syllable. But the general reader, free from the AND SIMPLE 3y Edward W. New York. The Outlook for awful responsibility of public criticism, felt nothing of this. He felt the man’s warmth, his honesty, his inquiring zest, and his healthy faith. “Twice Thirty,” more casually and fragmentarily, ex- presses the same man: a man of a simple nature and various intelligence; keen about many things, but always keen. Autograph collecting, the job of being a father, the art of friendship; the study of national traits and tendencies Dutch, British, or American; devotion in war time. zeal for peace—these are his themes. Not least the art of friendship. What other -man living was so closely friend and confidant to both Roosevelt and Wilson? What other man living is more unaffectedly responsive to the call of his fellow-man at large? Heartily we hope for the fulfillment of the promise written on the last page of this book: “By the Same Author: To Be Published in 1954: Thrice Thirty.” SCIENCE ANCIENT HUNTERS. By W. Macmillan Company, New York. J. Sollas. The $6.50. “Ancient Hunters and Their Modern Representatives” was first published in 1911. Since then it has become one of the anthropological classics which no serious student of that subject omits to read. The new edition has been greatly extended in length. The ancient hunters are the old stone age men. Professor Sollas (Oxford) assimilates some of their cultures and races to certain extant cultures. The culture of the early races which left us the crudely chipped eoliths compares closely with that of the recently extinct Tasmanians. That of Neanderthal man resembles that of the Australian abo- rigine. Some of the Aurignacian cave artists of France and Spain resemble in culture and in physical characteristics the modern Bushmen of South Africa. The Magdalenian of 15,000 years ago is a blood relation to the modern Eskimo. In scope “Ancient Hunters” covers not only these groups of peoples, but the whole old stone age. The style is ex- tremely readable, while the intelligent reader would have little difficulty in fol- lowing the argument, even where it is somewhat technical. ESSAYS AND CRITICISM A SHAKESPEAREAN ENIGMA AND AN ELIZA- BETHAN MANIA, By John F. Forbis. The American Library Service. $4.50. Shakespeare still goes to people’s heads, makes them see things and write fantastically of what they see. This present visionary does not worry about the authorship of the plays. He accepts the man of Avon as the poet of all time. But he accepts him with sad_ brow. Shakespeare, it seems, was a confirmed ilegee, sQgEEe*) ~ - i+ in aie mn i Mn i. a 2. a a. a ae So Ss & ®& TP ew — — Oo =z Sry OL ome cb

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February 4, 1925 drunkard. The tale of his losing battle with the cup he told in the Sonnets as well as in other non-dramatic verse. Now and here all this hitherto enigmatic matter is reprinted, paraphrased, and ex- pounded to the complete satisfaction of the expositor. The Youth and the Dark Lady of the Sonnets both represented Wine, which the poet hated as an enemy, but believed necessary to his work. He had to decide between virtuous sterility and alcoholic productiveness. Alas! we know what he produced! But this is not all. Poor Shakespeare’s battle was the battle also of the other famous sonneteers of his time—Sidney, Daniel, Lodge, Drayton, Spenser, et al. Their verses, so similar in theme to Shakespeare’s, express “the exaltations and depressions of drunken poets.” This announcement, says the discoverer, “is not made with any degree of pleasure;” and it is with sorrow as a fellow-man if with satisfaction as a theorist that he proceeds to trace the whole business— this dual mania of sonneteering and drink—back to the French and Italian poets, and so to the great original maniac Petrarch. The moral is dark. DRAMA COSTUMING A PLAY. Inter-Theatre Arts Hand- book. By Elizabeth B. Grimball and Rhea Wells. The Century Company, New York. $3. This serviceable little book is written with a directness and simplicity that give it distinction. Following its historical and practical suggestions carefully, the reader is given an excellent course in the development of costume through the dif- ferent centuries, and is shown the mod- ern application of these costumes to stage work—not professional, but ama- teur. Yet, whether professional or ama- teur, the problems of materials, color, design, wholeness of effect, and other points that trouble the producer are about the same. With the excellent text there are offered references for veri- fication and types of plays requiring period costumes. The generous plates which the publishers have added to each section of the book will visualize the text, even though they are in line and not in color. ONE ACT PLAYS FOR STAGE AND STUDY. Preface by Augustus Thomas. Samuel I*rench, New York. $3. This anthology of twenty-five short plays by American, English, and Irish dramatists is a heterogeneous collection of good and bad, showing some writers at their best, with others who take the one-act form trivially, and hence have not treated it worthily. There has been a great advance in the technique of the one-act play since the time Mr. Thomas wrote his “The Man Upstairs” to satisfy

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196 FREE 1925 ATLAS ’ With Maps ./NewEurope To readers of this magazine who take ad- vantage of this offer now made in connection WEBSTER’S NEW INTERNATIONAL DICTIONAR The Merriam Webster The “Supreme Authority” A complete reference library in dictionary form, with 3000 pages and type matter equivalent to a 15 volume encyclopedia, all in a single volume, can now be yours on the following remarkably easy terms: - The entire work (with FREE 1925 Atlas) DELI VERED FOR $1.00 and easy monthly payments thereafter (in United States and Canada). You will probably prefer the beautiful India Paper Edition which is REDUCED ABOUT ONE-HALF in thickness and weight as compared with the Regular Edition Over 407,000 Vocabulary Terms and in ad- dition 12,000 Biographical Names, nearly 32,000 Geographical Subjects. 3000 pages. 6000 = Illustrations. Constantly improved and kept up to date. Copyright, 1924. “To have this work in the home is like sending the whole family to college.” To have it in the office is to supply the answers to countless daily questions. To Those Who Send This Coupon Dept S., Springfield, Mass, Please send me free of all obligation or expense a copy of * Dictionary Wrinkles "’ containing an amusing “ Pronunciation "’ (with key) ent tled * *The Americ: aniza- tion of Carver ;"’ also “ 125 Interesting Questions " with references to their answers, and strikin Facsimile Color-Plate"’ of the new bindings. Please factude speci- men pages of India and Regular paper with terms of your free Atlas offer on Webster's New International Diction- ary to OUTLOOK readers Test In s chakunasbeiidiitn és hen aides Gee To eee vTyYVvVyYVyTeVwvY Name- Address “The Book Lovers Corner” UNS LIBRARY ASSOCIATION (EST. 1884), 118 East 25th St., New York City. We are a mail order house, sup) lying new books at lower than second-hand nee wee ae the famous American Nation Series of bert B. rt, LL.D., pub ‘= 7 at $56, fo: or, 378-5} (new, aaa in 0 Seaton x). The Continental Classi complete in 20 volumes, published at $40, for $14.95. We can supply any ks in print at the lowest market »rices. rite for free CORY vi of our bargain catalog ‘o. 174. HERBERT L. BOWMAN, Treas. and Mgr. NCIENTIFIC ASTROLOGY APPLIED TO BUSINESS, social affairs. Horoscope by a s. GEORGE SMALL- WOOD, M.D., 687 Boylston St., Boston, Mass. PROFESSIONAL SERVICES I J ITERARY AND CLUB PAPERS ACCURATELY 4 prepared. Full time devoted to s —_, research treatises, debates, etc., for those who find spare time at a premium. Each subject Cpeseuaney studied. MSS. revised and corrected. Academical assistance. Rates reasonable. W rite C. L. SAPERSTEIN, 121 Morningside Drive, Atlanta, Ga., your literary problem. UTHORS — WHY OFFER MSS. HAPHAZARD? P Profit by my twenty-five be rs’ exper sagee as editor and Se aK (See ““ Who’s Who.”) J. WALKER McSPADDEN, 15 Gramercy Park, New York City. LANGUAGES \ TORLD-ROMIC SYSTEM, MASTERKEY TO ALL languages, Afrosemitic, Amerindic, Eurindic, Indo- pacific, Siberic, Sinindic. Primers, $1.94 : Chinese, French, Spanish. LANGUAGES, 8 West 40th Street, New York: GENEALOGIST YAMILY HISTORIES, GENEALOGICAL ND heraldic works. Researches made. ARLES SA. O’CONNOR, 21 Spruce St., New York. those church social groups that used to present anything that had movement and noise,—qualities which were considered dramatic in those days. None of the recognized playwrights in this collection —neither Jones, nor Pinero, nor Ade, nor Gillette, nor Manners, nor Parker—saw the artistic value of the one-act form. It would rather aid their reputations were these examples of their work lost. But one is glad to have such little gems as Strong’s “The Little Father of the Wilderness” and Fenn and Pryce’s “ ’Op-o’-Me-Thumb;” while the reading of Arthur Hopkins’s “Moonshine” and “Judge Lynch,” by J. W. Rogers, Jr., convinces us that the American writer is finding a happy medium for the use of much native material. We shall never forget the thrill we got when we saw acted W. W. Jacobs’s “The Ghost of Jerry Bundler;” reading suggests its stage effectiveness. In Mr. Thomas’s preface he tells the interesting story of Charles Frohman’s attempting to per- suade Barrie to change his “Twelve- Pound Look” into a long play—such was his lack of faith in the one-act form. The present anthology is avowedly made up for the acting group; its literary value is uneven, as though much of the mate- rial had been resurrected rather than urgently chosen. MISCELLANEOUS BEAUTIFUL GARDENS IN AMERICA, By Louise Shelton. Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York. $10. It was in 1915 that “Beautiful Gar- dens in America,” by Louise Shelton, first appeared; a volume of the most artistic and representative photographs then obtainable of American gardens in different parts of the country. It was— it could not have failed to be—imme- diately successful. Now, after a lapse of ten years, comes this new edition, from which some of the less notable pictures have been eliminated while a hundred and ninety-five new and better ones have been added. Photography has made a great advance in ten years, and if the original collection was good to pore over, the present one, enlarged and improved, of our most beautiful gardens beautifully presented is indeed a refreshment and delight to eye and spirit. Most of the illustrations are in half-tone; eight are in full color. PLANS AND Charles GARDENS: A NOTE-BOOK OF SKETCHES. By J. C. N. Forestier. Scribner’s Sons, New York. $12. The text of this richly interesting vol- ume, translated from the French by Helen Morganthau Fox, is everywhere secondary to the admirable plans and sketches, which are extremely varied, often novel, and frequently of great beauty. Mr. Forestier has been much The Outlook for Now for a Puzzle Party! Here is the Newest and Most Fascinating Inven- tion of Puzzledom HE Roth-Kahne Puzzle Party has taken the Fans by storm. The two most famous mental experts in this country, David M. Roth, author of the Roth Memory Course, and Harry Kahne, who has astonished millions by his exhibi- tions of mental gymnastics as a Keith headliner, have joined their hands and minds in the pleasant task of giving Cross-Word Puzzlers some new kinds of puzzles in the form of a fascinating game. It is the R-K Puzzle Party. By means of this device every guest at your Puzzle Party can work on the same puzzle at the same time. Series A contains these four games : 1. The Fun Maker. 2. The Rattler. 3. 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=e | February 4, 1925 influenced by the old Spanish gardeners; indeed, some of his best work has been done in Spain in creating new gardens and restoring old ones. He considers the Spanish style much more readily adapt- able and attractive for other countries besides Spain than is the more rigid and formal Italian, too often unwisely em- ployed. The sketches show alluring gardens, ranging from those designed for a great hotel, for a factory, for parks and magnificent country places, to plans suitable for modest houses situated on small suburban lots. All are full of effective detail and charming in general effect. Shanties and Stars By BILL ADAMS The first of a series of adventures in humanity | igh a picture gallery. That’s what life is. I can look back and see them, pictures hung by invisible strings to an invisible wall; with beyond them the stars of eternity. There are big pictures and little, laughable ones and sorrowful ones, each with the unmistakable touch of the finger of the Artist. I see a little fellow in a fustian suit and brown puttees. I worked for him, and was very glad indeed to get the job —“$50 a month an’ board yourself. You can take one o’ the horses to snake your wood down out o’ the hills on a Sunday. It’ll cost you nuthin’.” I lived in a dinky cottage—shanty, if you like—under three old live-oak trees, and I kept a Jersey cow, a lot of Buff Orpington chickens, eleven cats, and a large tawny dog. I didn’t mean to keep all the cats. They just sort of collected. My very little girl named them all. I’ve forgotten most, but remember a tortoise- shell called “Silk Hat Harry, the Dress- maker.” She was always having kittens. The Jersey cow was young and very little. I paid $35 for her, fresh with her first calf, and she made eleven pounds of butter a week. Her name was “Sarah I Mew.” It had something to do with the way the cats acted at milking time and the fact that I had said Sarah was a good name for a little yellow cow. The mountains rose close by on three sides of the ranch, and farther away on the fourth side. In summer the air quivered all day long, oven hot; but the nights were transparent, darkly under stars or marvelous beneath the moon. A coyote used to sit on a big flat-topped rock in the brush near to my shanty and how] all the woes of the valley. There were deer within a quarter of an hour’s walk. In winter snow ridged the hill-tops and rain drove in hurtled sheets along a southeast wind; so that we were cut off from the ranch and the world beyond by a raging crick—which fell to a trickle again within two hours of the cessation of the rain. I can’t tell you about the spring. You'll have to go to the valley to see it if you want to know. It was as though the little valley had gone to sleep and had in its slumbers dropped gently out from the bottom of heaven to come to rest on the earth. Every morning and evening, when I had done the barn chores and went home to call Sarah I Mew to be milked, the eleven cats trotted purring at my heels over the plank that spanned the crick, their tails all straight up. The moment I was over the crick they bolted ahead of me, to sit in a ring and purr round Sarah I Mew. Tust beyond a ridge in front of my home was what the other hired man called a “bee apiray.” There was a “grape vineyard” beyond it. The horses were Frank and Jumbo, Flora and Maud (I’m giving them to you in teams, the way they worked), Big Nig and Little Nig, Sam and Mary, Pearl and Bird. There was a speckled mare called “that Kate horse,” and a balky mare called Dolly. Also there was a colt whose mother died when he was born. We raised him by hand, on a bottle, and now and then gave him a raw egg, at the suggestion of the other hired man, who broke it down his throat. His name (not the hired man’s—the colt’s) was Knickers, and he used to come up the three steps into my kitchen and steal my chicken feed. We kept the chicken feed in the kitchen. If we overslept on a Sunday morning, Sarah I Mew put her head through the open window of our other room and mooed just over my chin. The blue jays stole the eggs from my hens’ nests. The quail called from within twenty feet of my porch. ‘The cooing of innumerable doves and the song of many birds whose names I do not know made the world lovely. When Tommy De Blue Jay came to stay with us, the jays ceased to take our eggs. Tommy De Blue Jay was an enormous tabby cat who paid us periodical visits of a week or so, and lived wild in the brush the rest of the time. The other cats fought him. 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Leading dentists every- where advise it, and careful people of some 50 nations are employing it today. Make your test now Pepsodent brings other results of very great importance. It multiplies the alkalinity of the saliva, also its starch digestant. These are great tooth-protecting factors. Send the coupon for a test. Note how clean the teeth feel after using. Mark the absence of the viscous film. See how teeth become whiter as the film-coats disappear. Lifetime benefits may result to you and yours. Cut out coupon now. Protect the Enamel Pepsodent disintegrates the film, then removes it with an agent far softer than enamel. Never use a film combatant which contains harsh grit. OAT. OFF Pepsadent The New-Day Quality Dentifrice Based on modern research. Now advised by leading dentists the world over. cUT OUT THE COUPON NOW 10-DAY TUBE FREE THE PEPSODENT COMPANY Dept. 581, 1104 8S. Wabash Ave., Chicago, Ill. Mail 10-Day Tube of Pepsodent to Only one tube to a family 1758

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198 The Man Who Lost Out By years of hard work and inten- sive effort, he had built for himself a business. He-had gained for his fam- ily comfort and a competence—but he lost out, because, at the height of his business success, he lost his health. He lost his health because he did not guard it as he guarded his busi- ness interests, although it was a more precious "possession. He had a periodical trial balance made of his books, but he never had a periodical trial balance of his health. We look after your health as your auditor looks after your business. We make a periodical check of your physical condition, as revealed by urinalysis. We are experts. Our service is scientific. It takes all the trouble and work of this periodical check-up off your shoul- ders, so that the service takes but four minutes of your time per year, and the cost is so low as to be negli- gible. Some of the nation’s most promi- nent “business executives are num- bered among our subscribers. The booklet, “The Span of Life,” tells the reason why. Write for a copy to-day. National Bureau of Analysis F. G. SOULE, President and Founder O. 25 Republic Bldg. Chicago, IIl. National Bureau of Analysis, O. 25 Republic Bldg., Chicago, Ill. Gentlemen: Please send me today, free of charge, your health protection treatise, “The Span of Life.” pruned the fruit trees tried to make love to the ranch-house cook, who was a “shouting Methodist.” When she did not respond, he told us, “Eeder ees got nudder faller or ees crahzee!” Meta did not like me. She dreamed that I was to be a missionary, and asked me next morning what I would do if I had a call. I said, “If it was to dinner, I'd unhitch my team and run.” You can’t please every one. I lived on that ranch two years, and don’t think I ever saw a newspaper. It didn’t seem to matter. I wasn’t off the place three times in the two years, except once in a while when team- ing. The little chap in fustian was czar of the whole works. He was a good square boss and an awful liar. The more you said, “Yes, sure,” the more he lied. It hurt no one and amused him and me. I’ve worked for a heap of men, and, looking backward, I like—dang it, I love —’em all, bar one. He was crooked. We'll forget him. Besides, he may have reformed. Queer things happen. The boss was one of those very small, very aggressive men who behave like banty roosters and love nothing better than to pick on or quarrel with big men; the bigger, the better. I was some inches better than six foot, and weigh round 190 ready for my bath. I lived one side of the crick, and the big horse barn was on the other, hidden by brush—sage and greasewood, willow and sycamore, mountain lilac and such like. The horse barn was full of the boss’s chickens, and I didn’t allow mine over there. One noon when I came to dinner. I missed Gobble. He was my big buff rooster, and, happening to look over toward the barn, I saw him, indistinctly, through the brush by the crick. I jumped up and ran to get him home. When I came to the other side of the plank that spanned the crick, the boss was there. He stared at me, same way a banty looks at a barred-rock cockrel. He’d been team- ing all morning with Dolly, his offside wheeier. Dolly was balky. He looked very cross. I fetched up with a star? when I saw him. “What yer want?” he growled. Like a fool, I said, without thinking: “T mistook you for my buff rooster.” You ought to have seen his face. He never said a word, and I went back to my dinner. I can see him to-day, sixteen years after. He was a good little boss. He’s gone now. Good luck to him! Maybe I'll meet him t’other side of the crick, in his fustian and puttees. The Outlook® for Fi MCh oupioclalicy-l dress accordingly. Own ‘lycos WINDOW Thermometer /fyour Dealer cannot supply You,write Taylor Instrument Companies ROCHESTER NY. oo Canadian Plant. Tycos Bldg. Toronto ~_~ There's a 7ycos or Zayfor Thermometer for Every Purpose as | De ete et et Pt Safe Milk B For Infants, 1 Children, Invalids, — The ORIGINAL Malted Milk Narsing Mothers Avoid Imitations FOR MEN OF BRAINS 3 IGARS = “MADE AT KEY WEST.—{ rea! ‘oultry *s success Cnegg doe beg aon LOW PRICES on Pure-Quality Powis: remedies. Makes . Chicks, lies, etc. Send 5e to help mail. ; BEHMY’S POULTHY FARM. Box 63,CLARINDA-1OWA | ~_ WONDERFUL POULTRY BOOK 144 DAGES ¥ » he Nai ion’s Manual, tells paw beg Berry lies. M: Special Issues = for E i= Real Estate S Advertising February 25 March 25 April 22 May 20 Write for rates. The Outlook Company : t 381 Fourth Avenue New York City

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You write panes oronto Every Purpose afe lilk "tevalid

February 4, 1925 CLASSIFIED AD Classifications to meet the requirements of travelers and stay- at-homes, buyers and sellers, employees and employers Rates on request. 199

Tours and Travel Hotels and Resorts

TOURS TO GREECE AND ITALY | From New York by S&S. 8. President Wilson March 24, and by 8S. 8. Martha Washington April 14. Stops at the Azores and Lisbon en route to Palermo. Two weeks in Greece. Five weeks in Italy with Dr. H. H. Powers, Ideal sea- son for these countries.

Write for details: BUREAU OF UNIVERSITY TRAVEL 15 Boyd Street Newton, Mass.

Mothers * TOURS and CRUISES itatio BRAINS IR ST+ PAGES Pictures tells acy ‘Fow Is; Dae 10ws — *| Are you planning for a tour to Europe next summer or interested in a winter eruise ? Would you appreciate the ad- vice of experienced traveler, represent- ing impartially all companies? Write Dr. H. W. DUNNING, Brookline, Mass.

} EUROPE

Sailing June 19 and 26 —_ Montreal, July % rom NewYork. *England, Holland, Belginne Rhine, Switzerland, Italy (incl. Naples), Riviera and France. MENTOR TOURS 2205 tichican Bie.

(EUROPE [#i*3,]1925 Select service. Small parties. Low rates. 395— $890. Popular Summer ‘Tours, | French and Spanish Study Tours, $530 & $695. STRatTForD Tours, 452 Fifth Ave., New York

tion. Woman of years’ European traveling experi- ence will act as guide or chaperon to party going abroad next summer. No remunera- Finest credentials. 3,017, Outlook.

EUROPE Independent and Conducted Tours. Private motor service ete MPANY, ments. PIERCE SOunts" SO) +" 27 Madison Avenue, New Y fork

-—_

— —<—_ So FREE BOOKLET ‘‘How to see "Europe at moderate cost.’’ Gates Tours, Dept. L-3, 225-5th Ave., N.Y. Please send me your free booklet. HE beauty, fascination, and mys- tery of the Orient. lures visitors from all over the world to JAPAN The quaintest and most interesting of all countries. Come while the oid age customs prevail. Write, mentioning * Outlook” to JAPAN HOTEL ASSOCIATION Care Trattie De; JAPANESE GOVERNMENT "RAILWAYS TOKYO for full information Rates for a single room without bath and with 3 meals, $5-6 in cities and popular resorts, $4-5 in the country EUROPE 1925 ShakespeareCountry,Dutch Canals, Frenchbattlefields,Alpine mountain tops, Swiss and Italian Lakes, the Rhine—Art, History, Literature— comfortable travel, moderate prices, wonderful sightseeing programs with *EMPLE Our new booklet is ready. TOURS 441-A Park Square Bidg. Boston MSSsis and travel in EUROPE. 3 weeks in Paris ; instruction by Phillip, Lg Matthay, et al. Concerts: Wagner t Bayreuth ; $ England, France, Germany, italy. Switzerland. Let me tell you about it. Prof. LE RO . CAMPBELL Warren Conservatory of Music, Warren, Pa.

A small party is being organized for summer travel in the highways and byways of France, Switzerland, and northern in. Experienced leadership. Careful chaperonage of the a members. Social references require Inexpensive. Write now for circular. Miss ALICE FERRY, 1 Hicks Place, Flushing, New York City. Massachusetts

UTX X XX x WA

TWO BOSTON HOTELS which offer you complete hospitality in that atmos- phere of intelligent comfort which has made the homes of the Back Bay famous. The LENOX The BRUNSWICK On either side of Copley Square RERTARE T St O Is there something here that suits your needs P The Outlook’s Hotel and Travel Bureau will gladly fur- nish any supplemental information

Maryland

A combination sure to please — the U.S. Naval Academy.a charming old Southern town, and the comforts of Carvel fjall Annapolis Maryland Write for Booklet 0. New York City Hotel Judson 5? WVa*}hington Sa-. Residential hotel of highest type, combining the facilities of hotel life with the comforts of an ideal home. American plan $4 per day and up. — an plan $1.50 per day and up. AMUEL NAY "LOK Manager. New York VAN VALEN SANATORIUM NKERS, N. Y¥. Psycho-T mae Treatment.

Booklet.

Board—Rooms_ __ ‘The Mamaroneck GUEST HOUSE 82 Mamaroneck Ave., White Plains, New York A home that is distinctly different invites your inspection. The appointments of its rooms and suites, its unusual cuisine and its attractive environment will appeal to the more discriminating. References essential.

The Pelham Tours ” e Motoring in Europe Please write for information to Room 1514, 100 East 42d St.. New York City. 4 ith Europe and Mediterranean 42‘" June 27 to Sept. 6. Select, high grade. Naples to British Isles—$850 ; with Africa (Tunis, Carthage), Berlin—$940. Other tours, $675 up. Johnson Tours, 210 E. Preston St.,Baltimore, Md.

Splendid itineraries Europe Next Summer? aa irs class hotels. Sailings June 13-27 and July 3. Send for folder. The Clark Son Tours, Venice, Cah, or 1418 W. Huron 8t., Aun Arbor, Mich. EARN YOUR TRIP to EUROPE by or apettase a party of five. $500 to $1,400. Ad- dress BaBc s Tours, Inc., 136 Prospect St., East Orange, N } - Tel. "4846 Orange. {st. 1900,

Tour EUROPE, 8 Countries, $695. Other tours 5-9 weeks. $395-$955. Organiz- ers, conductors, chaperons can earn trip. Best terms. ALLEN TOURS, Boston 17, Mass.

Real Estate Instruction

SEASHORE HOMES 23.22% CAPE C DD aad CAMDEN: Ba i For one — bawdy | ontal HEN of ae Pe ent ee 5 aruest Ine. 10 State St. ston, } Ee . 1840 SECURE YOUR SUMMER HOME NOW

Connecticut

OR SALE in MYSTIC, CONN. Fine large house, all improv ements, ample grounds, ower 8. beautiful shrubbery and yoo

and see. J. W.PHILLIPS, Agt., Mystic, Conn. Maine —_— t campside luxe. Selli Moosehead f= ge men a Price $12. 2.000, e reasonable offer considered. M ame axes & COAST Co., Portland, Maine,

Qpporta unity to become TRAINED NURSE. $15 monthly allowance. Ideal living conditions. Tennis, surf bathing. 3 hours from New York. 8-hour day. 2} year course. Age 18 to 32; 2 years high school. Send for descriptive folder and a. Southampton Hospital Association, Southampton, Long Island, N. Y. Live Stock Protect your property with a reliable police dog Papers furnished. Shipped on approval. BUDD BROTHERS, Newton, N. J., Route One What have you to sell or buy ? You will find The Outlook’s service and ‘results much above the average. Write for information as to rates, etc. The Outlook, 381 Fourth Ave., N. Y.

A Mart of the Unusual Florida Citrus Fruit direct from grove to consumer Trial quarter box, oranges or grapefruit $2, tangerines $2.50, all by prepaid express Complete season price list on request, S.L. MITCHILL, MOUNT DORA, FLA.

2,000 STAMP COLLECTION; mostly foreign. Mounted. Wonderful beginner’s nucleus. Scott catalogue value over $50. Request details. Bargain. S. K., P. 0. Box 50, Hamilton Grange Sta., N. Y. City GIFTS 2c stamp brings catalog O show- ing clever novelties that appeal to those who seek th- i inexpensive prize or gift. Bertha Tanzer, Box 2, Station F, B’klyn, N.Y.

STATIONERY YOUR name and address or monogram artistically embossed (like die-engraving) on 100 double sheets and 100 envelopes,ppd. $2— choice of white, blue. gray,or bisque paper ; and black, blue, gold, or green embossing. Also Men’s Monarch Size 100 sheets (10% x x 734) and 100 envelopes, white paper only, ppd. $3. Choice of embossing as above. Prompt de- = ery. To points west Pot Mississippi add 10% r box. Personal Stationery Corp. of N. Y., 15K Fifth Ave., N Y C WRITE for free mete of embossed at $2 or printed stationery at $1.50 per box. Thou- sands of Outlook customers. Lewis, stationer, Troy, N PERSONAL STATIONERY — 200 sheets good quality bond with 100 envelopes printed with name and address in blue, sia 00. Frank B. Hicks, Macedon Center, N. Y. GLENCRAFT PERSONALIZED STA- TLONERY—Name and address or monogram EMBOSSED (raised letters) in rich dark blue on 100 double sheets and 100 envelopes or 100 single sheets embossed and 100 plain with en- ve oee e. high grad grade white bond paper oniy,§ $2 rinted instead of embossed, bheets * 100 a $1.25. West of ‘Mis. sissippi add 10%. Money refunded if not absolutely satisfied. Glencraft Printing Co., Glens Falls, N. Y.

MISCELLANEOUS TO young women desiring training in the care of obstetrical patients a six monthe’ nurses’ aid course is offered by the Lying-In Hospital, 307 Second Ave., New York. Aids are provided with maintenance and given a monthly allowance of $10. For further par- ticulars address Directress of Nurses.

AMERICAN NEGROES NEED competent leaders in business. Aid is needed to establish a chair of business administration for trainin — Negro students. Address Presi- dent Adams, Atlanta University, Atlanta, Ga. WANTED — Adoption home together in Pennsylvania for two little sisters 24 years and 8 months old. History satisfactory. 5,742, Outlook. LADIES—Let Patricia Dix help you with that next club or study paper. Informa- tion upon request Rates reasonable. 5,445, Outlook. SHOPPING by New York expert who will send things, services free. References. Hattie Guthman, 309 West 99th St.

One for All—All for ra This on department of The Outlook known as the Classified Advertising Section is de- signed to cover a multitude of needs. And every ciassification in it is for one purpose— to serve Outlook readers. Does it help YOU? Ask for rates and information to meet your particular requirements, Classified Advertising Section THE OUTLOOK 381 Fourth Avenue New York

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200 BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES FOR SALE—An ideal woman’s cash busi- ness iu New York City, established four years. Has a high class clientele and growing mail order trade. W vould be interesting proposition to family of fine needle workers. References given and required. 5,734, Outlook. LECTURER on political, economic, social, and humorous subjects, geen no in har- monizing big business with agriculture and labor, always effective, wants booking agent. Plenty of leads. Lecturer, care Business Chronicle, 1504 Alaska Blig., Seattle, Wash. EMPLOYMENT AGENCIES CO-OPERATIVE PLACEMENT SER- VICE. Institutional executives, secretaries, social workers. Housekeepers, dietitians, cafeteria managers.Governesses, companions, mothers’ helpers. The Richards Bureau, 68 Barnes St., Providence. HELP WANTED Cc OMPANION-nurse, young, strong cheer- ful, for old lady contined to chair. References required. B. Anderson, Dobbs Ferry, N. Y. EARN $110 to $250 monthly, expenses paid, as railway tradic inspector. Position guar- anteed afier completion of 3 months’ home study course or money refunded. Exe ae opportunities. Write for Free Book let C M-27 Stand. Business Training Inst., Buffalo, N. Y. EXPERIENCED woman under 50, cheer- ful, healthy, to take full charge 2 little girls aged 4 and 2; one servant kept; 13¢ hours from New York. Permanent home for right person. Write experience and references. 5,738, Outlook. HOTELS NEED TRAINED MEN AND WOMEN. Nation-wide demand for high- salaried men and women. Past experience unnecessary. We train you by mail and put you in touch with big opportunities. Big pay, tine living, interenting ka ning quick advance- ment, permanent. for book “your BIG or port TONI Lewis Hotel Training Schools, Buiee Mi Tietz Wash- ington, D. C. WANTED—Cowmpetent, reliable colored woman for general housework by young wo man living alone in country. Applicant must be kind and willing and good plain cook. 5,739, Outlook. WANTED—General pomoworker, white: for 2 adults and child. Will take woman with girl of school age. One who prefers good home to high wages. Laundry optional. Write Mrs. Thayer A. Smith, Short Hills, N. J. Phone 998 Short Hills. WANTED—Mother's helper for four chil- dren, ages 7, 5, 4 yvears and six months. References required. State sulary expected. To go to small town. 5,737, Outlook. _ SITUATIONS WANTED A college woman of world-wide traveling experience will act as guide or traveling companion to a arty or individual durin; the summer months. Exchange of references required, 5,735, Outlook. AMERICAN woman SUPERVISOR. Ex- cellent references. Available February 15- 5,743, Outlook. COLLEGE GIRL, knowledge French, ex- perienced shorthand typist, traveled Italy and France, desires travel Europe this sum- mer as secretary, tutor, or companion, o position in home near New York City. Ex- cellent references. ao E. F. Boyd, Wells College, Aurora, . CULTURED young woman wishes to travel as companion or pore rness. Well+«du cated. References. 5,133, Outlook. EXPERIENCED, highly recommended teacher for backward child. 5,719, Outlook. GOVERN ESS, companion, mother’s helper, educated, experienced woman. 5,740, Outlook. HARVARD graduate student, experienced traveler, tutor, guide, as summer companion tutor to “i all party of older boys on E ROPEAN TOUR. M.58. Balch, Perkins, 7., pn ol Mass. MIDDLE-aged lady. companion to active lady or grown children. Experienced. Wiil travel. Address 532 Rhode Island Ave., Norfolk, Va. POSITION as COMPANION, PRACTICAL NURSE, SECRETARY to lady or gentleman traveling abroad. Southern woman, 35, ex- perienced traveler, knowledge French, — man. References given and Tequired. 5,732, Outlook. POSITION wanted—Mature woman, ex- perienced primary, kindergarten ; successful with delicate children. Diet, li int vhysical care. Personal references. 574L, Outlook. SUPERINTENDENT of boys’ home, ca- pable executive, eight years’ experience, five Fp ars in present position, age forty-nine, fLethodist, must have change of climate to benefit wife’s health. Can give references to other institutions and to the president and chairman of the executive committee of my present board. Would prefer country insti- tution for delinquent or dependent children. 5,747, Outlook. THOROUGHLY trained woman ‘desires position as housekeeper for man with chil- dren, in New York City. Experienced in -ewing of all kinds. 5,731, Outicok. The Outlook for February 4, 1925 By the Way oe youngest college president in America is said to be Charles E. Whittle, President of Ogden College, at Bowling Green, Kentucky. He was twenty-three years old when he was elected, in 1923. Mr. Whittle was asked by the writer of an article about him in the “American Magazine” whether peo- ple were prejudiced against him on ac- count of his age. “On the contrary,” answered Mr. Whittle, “most people like to help a young fellow along. I recall one case, though, where my age kept me out of a job. I went to a man and asked him for a certain position. ‘Come to see me when vou are five years older,’ he said, ‘and I may give you the job.’ ‘Five years from now,’ I replied, ‘I wouldn’t have the job. Ill want a bet- ter one by that time.’ “Later on he sent for me and gave me the position that he had thought I was too young to fill.” Despatch to the Philadelphia ‘Public Ledger:” Fatigued after hours of futile study over a baffling cross-word puzzle, W. E. Carruthers, of Los Angeles, stretched his mouth in such a prodigious yawn that he dislocated his jaw. Hospital surgeons said it was the city’s, possibly the coun- try’s, first cross-word-puzzle casualty. From the Charleston “News and Courier:” A countryman from the mountains of North Carolina, while in the city, was invited out to dine. During dinner he was asked if he would have some corn, and he promptly replied, “Why, thank you!” and passed his glass. The “American Legion Weekly” seems to specialize, to judge from the two fol- lowing anecdotes, in twin stories: “An yo’ say dat little twin baby am a gal?” inquired Parson Jones of one of his colored flock. “Yassah.” “An’ de other one. contrary sex?” “Yassah. She am a gal too.” Am dat of de “What makes you seem so worried to-day, dear?” asked,the absent-minded professor’s wife. “I can’t remember which of the twins’ birthdays is to-morrow.” Tucked away among the formal mar- riage notices in the Springfield ““Repub- lican” of May 13, 1837, according to “The History of an Independent News- paper,’ by Richard Hooker, appeared the following: MarriED.—In Cooperstown, N. Y., Mr. Abel Price, age 22, to Mrs. Eu- phronia Rugg, age 69— Their marriage sure is snug, They joined them ina trice, And now ’tis clear that one old Rugg Has fetched a handsome Price. Apropos of the above paragraph, it may be observed that among the salient facts brought out at the celebration last year of the centenary of the Springfield “Republican” was the statement that in one respect that journal is unique. Other American papers have reached their hundredth year, but the “Republi- can” is the only one whose ownership has remained in the same family for a century. Present-day juvenile precocity is illus- trated by the editor of the London “Sphere” in the following anecdote: “Only the other day I heard a child of seven reply thus to his mother’s chaff about his little cousin: ‘I am not going to marry a cousin and have my children idiots.’ Two contributions to the next edition of the Book of Etiquette come from obliging subscribers—the first from a teacher .in a South Dakota Indian school: Thunder Horn, an old-time Sioux, had been asked to eat at the missionary’s table, though the family had just finished their meal. When asked to eat he felt highly honored and expected to be served on the floor, as was his custom. But when the missionary’s wife pointed to a chair by the table on which the food had been placed, he assumed that the chair was placed there to enable him to climb upon the table, which he did, sit- ting tailor fashion on one end of it. The creaking of the table and the merriment of the missionary’s wife and daughter made him realize that he had made a mistake. After a little explaining on the part of the missionary’s wife Thunder Horn seated himself upon the chair and did full justice to the meal. This is credited to “Farm and Fire- side:” Will Blivens bought a book of eti- quette because he wanted to know whether a gentleman should take off his hat while riding in a grain elevator with a lady. But it didn’t have the informa- tion, and he says those books are too darned theoretical.

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