The National Geographic Magazine 1908-06: Vol 19 Iss 6

Page 1

Y as, Gie NATIONAL Vol. XIX JUNE, 1908 CONTENTS (&% ONE SEASON’S. GAME-BAG WITH THE CAMERA By Hon. GEORGE SHIRAS, 3rd WITH SEVENTY ILLUSTRATIONS PUBLISHED BY THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY HUBBARD MEMORIAL HALL WASHINGTON, D. C. $2.50 A YEAR 25 CENTS A NUMBER Entered at the Post-Office at Washington, D. C., as Second-Class Mail Matter Copyright, 1908, by the National Geographic Society, Washington, D. C. All rights reserved

Page 2

THE NATIONAL [I=| GEOGRAPHIC |G MAGAZINE Copyright, 1908, by the National Geographic Society, Washington, D. C. All rights reserved N IttustrareD Monruty, published by the Nationa Geocrapuic Society. All editorial communications should be addressed to GILBERT H. Grosvenor, Editor the NarionaL GEOGRAPHIC MacGazing. Business communications should be addressed to the National Geographic Society. 25 CENTS A NUMBER; SUBSCRIPTION $2.50 A YEAR Editor: GILBERT H. GROSVENOR Associate Editors MAJ. GEN, A. W. GREELY U.S. Army Cc. HART MERRIAM Chief of the Biological Survey, U. S. Department of Agriculture WILLIS L. MOORE Chief of the Weather Bureau, U. S. Department of Agriculture oO. H. TITTMANN Superintendent of the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey 0. P. AUSTIN Chief of the Bureau of Statistics, Department of Commerce and Labor ROB'T HOLLISTER CHAPMAN U. S. Geological Survey DAVID G, PFAIRCHILD Agricultural Explorer of the De- partment of Agriculture ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL Washington, D. C. DAVID T. DAY U. S. Geological Survey R. D. SALISBURY University of Chicago G. K. GILBERT U. S. Geological Survey ALEXANDER McADIEB Professor of Meteorology, U. S. Weather Bureau, San Francisco ALMON GUNNISON President St Lawrence University Hubbard Memorial: Hall, Washington, D. C. XUM

Page 3

+ | t A commen ff ff cerns ff ff mmm fff | comme jf mmm ff ff mmm fj ff crm ff ff omens | ff] mmc fj ff comme |] f | cme | jf me ff LA Et smmomen | ff omamaome § } oj. HAMILTON WATCH The National Timekeeper of America — - _ -_ | =_ - =~ | _ -_— - | = = = | =_ ~ - | a = a — Designed by the Best Watch Talent in the Country Built of the Very Finest Material Made by Workmen of the Highest Skill Produced in a Factory of Perfect Equipment Scientifically and Exhaustively Tested Perfectly and Accurately Adjusted Isochronally to Temperature and to Positions Distinguised for Supreme Time-keeping Qualities Phenomenally Durable it LT Every Hamilton Watch Carries the Personal Guarantee of the Company OUR 940 18-Size Open-face Watch is the wonderful rail- road watch. Used in overwhelming numbers on all = the main railroad lines in the United States. = OUR 960 16-Size Bride Watch is beautiful and accurate. = We shall soon issue a perfect Watch O Size. 2 r Any one wishing more information, address 1 1 The HAMILTON WATCH CO. = LANCASTER, PA. ° eu Tt ni ui ui nu nu ui ui TT TTT ut ne Vriting Please mention the National Geographic Magazine Vie

Page 4

- Office Hours, 9 A. M. to 4.30 P. M. Telephone, North 306 NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY ilubbard Memorial Hall Sixteenth and M Streets, Washington, D. C. WILLIS L. MOORE é P ‘ , President O. P. AUSTIN t A ; Secretary JOHN JOY EDSON ‘ ‘ : . Treasurer HENRY GANNETT ; , . Vice-President GILBERT H. GROSVENOR ‘ ‘ . Editor F. B. EICHELBERGER ‘ Asst. Treasurer JOHN OLIVER LA GORCE ; Asst. Secretary BOARD OF MANAGERS 1906-1908 1907-1909 1908-1910 O. P. AUSTIN HENRY F. BLOUNT ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL CHARLES J. BELL Cc. M. CHESTER HENRY GANNETT T. C. CHAMBERLIN F. V. COVILLE J. HOWARD GORE GEORGE DAVIDSON D.C. GILMAN A. W. GREELY JOHN JOY EDSON RUDOLPH KAUFFMANN GILBERT H. GROSVENOR DAVID G. FAIRCHILD T. L. MACDONALD GEORGE OTIS SMITH A. J. HENRY WILLIS L. MOORE O. H. TITTMANN C. HART MERRIAM S. N. D. NORTH JOHN M. WILSON Please detach and fill in blank and send to the Secretary Recommendation for Membership in the NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY The membership fee includes subscription to the National Geographic Magazine DUES: Annual membership in U. S., $2.00; annual membership abroad, $3.00; Canada, $2.50; life membership, $50. Please make remittances payable to National Geographic Society, and if at a distance remit by N. Y. draft, postal or express order, Go the Secretary, National Geographic Society, Washington, D. C.: I I aa aa I Ee PN Ee Lee He Re De ER ER ae Ae eT ey A aM for membership in the Society. (Write your address.) XUM

Page 5

UM One-Year Railroad Bonds Netting Nearly 7% We offer for sale a limited amount of the One-Year Bonds (maturing April 1, 1909) of a railroad corporation which has paid regular dividends on its capital stock for the past five years. Most short-term securities are in the form of notes; that is, secured only on the general assets of the Company. The bonds offered are a direct lien on the entire property of the Company, subject only to a First Mortgage issue representing in amount only about one-half the actual cash cost of the Com- pany’s property and equipment. We will furnish a special circular on request. FISK & ROBINSON BOSTON 35 Cedar St., NEW YORK CHICAGO ABSOLUTE SECURITY THOMPSON FARM MORTGAGES Life Insurance Companies invest the money you have given them in Mortgages secured on farms like this because they are the best invest ment known for those seeking absolute security with a just but attractive ‘ate of interest. Are not these mortgages worthy of your own funds? Let me tell vou about them. REFERENCES: Write to me for my list of MA MERCHANTS NATIONAL BANK farm mortgages. It gives an CKEY J. THOMPSON CAPITAL NATIONAL BANK outline of the security and 514 PIONEER PRESS BLDG. BOTH OF ST. PAUL, MINN. particulars of each loan. ST. PAUL, MINN. Please mention the National Geographic Magazine when writing

Page 6

third absolutely fire-proof household goods warehouse in this country and is now the third largest in the world and has the lowest insurance rate in the United States. Private rooms, $2 to $20 per month. Special rooms for pianos, | ) IGHTEEN years ago the first section of our warehouse was built. It was the paintings, and art objects. Trunks, 25c. per month. Automobiles Safe Deposit Dry, Cold Carriages, etc., in special VAULTS Storage rooms for furs, department with separate for Silverware, Jewelry, clothing, rugs, curtains, entrance and elevator, at and valuables under ab- etc. .. Rugs and carpets moderate rates. solute guarantee. cleaned. ecuritp Storage Gompanp Successors to Storage Department American Security and Trust Co. FURNITURE WAREHOUSEMEN PACKERS, AND FORWARDING AGENTS Send for Illustrated Descriptive Booklet 1140 Fifteenth St. ptt 9 Ae aie ge g Washington, D. C. 7 IFT-VANS will be pro- vided for prompt loading in any city of \ | \ ee . ~ o V/ AVN |) the United States or of alle LL. | os Europe. } BOWLING |REEN STORAGE & VAN CO. [ioe é "Ca : Cal OuUSeNOIC Oods 18 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. =m ,be moved across the Trans- Atlantic and Inlarid Removals. ocean, in absolute se- HOUSEHOLD EFFECTS AND FINE GOcDS | curity, with despatch STORED AND FORWARDED 14 STEEL WNS. and economy. BOXING NOT REQUIRED IN WASHINGTON, APPLY TO Security Storage Co. 1140 Fifteenth Street N.W. HOISTisnG wit t-VAN ON BOARD STEAMSHIP BOWLING GREEN STORAGE AND VAN COMPANY 18 Broadway, New York rk Codes: A BC, Fifth Edition, Lieber’s Code Cable Address: Bowlingvan, New Y«

Page 7

VoL. XIX, No. 6 WASHINGTON JuNE, 1908 THE | 4 | NATIONAL (4 GIEOGIRAIPIBNIC | MAGAZINE |, : = ONE SEASON’S GAME-BAG WITH THE CAMERA* By Hon. GeorGeE SHIRAS, 3RD Mr Shiras’ achievements with the camera and the flashlight have encouraged many big-game hunters and field naturalists to adopt these methods of pursuing or studying wild life. When serving as a member of Congress Mr Shiras devoted much time to preparing or advocating measures designed to permanently conserve the birds, animals, and fish of our country. One bill putting under Federal con- trol the migratory wild fowl and another extending governmental supervision over fish in the tidal waters, the Great Lakes, and interstate rivers, have received the hearty approval of the leading game and fish protective associations in the United States and Canada, while the author's extensive brief in support of such constitutional power has met with the approbation of many leading jurists and lawyers. Within the next year active steps will be taken to have these bills enacted into law.—Eprror BOUT two years ago the writer or the otherwise limited larder of those contributed an article to the in the wilderness bountifully varied by NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MaAGaA- the moderate taking of game animals ZINE upon “Photographing Wild Game and birds. Toa considerably less degree with Camera and Flashlight,’+ the pur- we pose of which was to show what an ad- thrifty market hunter who turns _ his mirable substitute the camera is for the ducks into dollars or moose meat into gun in the skillful pursuit of wild life money, since he seldom kills or abandons and in the capture of trophies much more a mountain of flesh for the sake of a pair enduring and attractive to the hunter, his of antlers or for the temporary gratifica- friends, or the public, than where the tion of an accurately placed bullet in an animal or bird paid the forfeit of its life animal so tough or so remote from civili- zation that its flesh cannot be utilized. The old doctrine of the frontiersman, But how about the modern sportsman trapper, explorer, or remote home- who hunts for the love of sport and the steader, that the edibility of certain wild freedom that comes with a trip into the creatures justified their destruction, was wilderness? Are the antlers of an aban and is still a rational one, when we con doned and festering stag to be recog- sider how human life has been sustained nized as a trophy of unsullied honor, may ascribe some reason to the in the game of hide and seek. Copyright, 1908, by George Shiras, 3rd. tf With 72 illustrations, July, 1go6, XUM

Page 8

388 while the blood-flecked coin of the mar- ket hunter is to be regarded as the token of sordidness ? When fagged, overcivilized, not to say overfed, man seeks the solitude of the forest, he goes neither in search of food nor from a barbaric desire to see gaping wounds and a pitiful death struggle of some mighty beast. The exhilaration and the delightful freedom of the wilder- ness, with an opportunity to pit man’s dexterity and resourcefulness against the experience, strategy, and inherent cun- ning of the hunted, accounts in these later days for many an_ unnecessary tragedy in the woods. A tithe of what one spends in time and travel will supply the household with flesh or fowl that is generally superior to the game sought, or one can buy at half the cost the skins or horns that later may adorn the home as a result of the hunting trip. Every decent sportsman who now hunts big game in particular, and many of those who seek a smaller quarry, are moved by qualities directly opposed to needless suffering or useless slaughter: and it is unfortunate that to many of these the peep-sights of a rifle must con- tinue to circumscribe their vision. Some time it will be recognized that, when the camp is abundantly supplied with wild food, the camera, and the camera alone, should be the means of further hunting; for skill, not kill, is the motive, except in the predaceous class, like the wolf, the cougar, or the crow. DISPLACING THE SPORTS- MAN'S GUN THE CAMERA From his accurate knowledge of wild life and under the prestige and authority of his high office, President Roosevelt has done more to permanently conserve the wild animals and birds of this coun- try than any man now living. The set- ting aside, under executive order, of a great many game refuges and dozens of islands as breeding places for wild fowl and sea birds—on the coasts, on the Great Lakes, and in the distant waters of Hawaii—has led to remarkable results and will save many a rare creature now verging on extinction. Originally an THe NatTionaL GEoGRAPHIC MAGAZINE intrepid pioneer, who only collected a fair toll in a fair way from the hills and plains near his western ranch, he has not in the past 14 years killed a single harm- less wild animal, confining his brief trips to a study of the fauna of the Yellow- stone Park, or to participating in lively chases after the wolf, the bear, the lynx, or the cougar, whose destructiveness have put them in the “predatory” class of which we have heard so much of late. The President many years ago wrote the following as an introductory to a book of wild life illustrated with the camera: “T desire to express my sense of the good which comes from such books, and from the substitution of the camera for the gun. The older I grow, the less I care to shoot anything but ‘varmints.’ * * * If we can only get the camera in place of the gun and have sportsman sunk somewhat in the naturalist and the lover of wild things, the next generation will see an immense change for the bet- ter in the life of our woods and waters.” And this is the man, who for many vears has killed no innocent thing, and who, sportsman originally as he was, has become the leader in the preservation of wild life and in the advocacy of those means for best studying and enjoying it, that has been pointed out as one not now in “sympathy” with present nature fak- ers or their well-meaning but ‘deluded followers! It is only in recent years that the quick plate, rapid shutter and lens have made possible successful hunting with the camera, and even then it has required time to show the extensive field, the fas- cinating character of the pastime, and the sentimental and practical features involved in this method of studying and picturing wild life. Although the writer was an ardent hunter from early youth, and pursued in the most relentless way those varieties of birds and animals whose cunning and whose conquest made them worthy of the name of “game,” it must not be as- sumed that he, with the usual zeal of a convert, now indiscriminately decries the man with the gun; for, under proper conditions and in moderation the tenant in the wilderness camp is entitled to his

Page 9

One Season's GAME-BaG wiITH CAMERA 389 share of nature’s bounty; nor is the writer in accord with the paved-street nature lovers who would sanctify as God’s creatures the wild deer and the wild sheep, and yet see no inconsistency when entering an indignant protest if, forsooth, a joint of lamb is tough, simply because the little creature’s gambols in the spring were too prolonged! In the previous article, already re- ferred to, the writer used, so far as pos- sible, illustrations intended to show the wide scope of camera hunting, ranging from the gigantic bull moose to the bull- frog; the graceful deer to the tiny deer mouse ; the sleeping bird upon the nest to the rapid flight of wild fowl speeding seventy-five miles an hour before the blind. Then, too, it was shown that all is game to the camera, irrespective of edibility ; that you can still hunt your game—shoot it on the wing; set your camera out like traps; hunt any season of the year, in daylight or in darkness ; have admission to lands closed to the man with the gun, and never be limited by law or custom in the size of your game-bag. The fact that the taking of these pic- tures covered a period of more than twenty years has led the writer to pre- pare the present article. Many previous readers reached the conclusion that wild game photography was so difficult and uncertain that while it was possible for a few persons devoting half a lifetime to such a pastime to gather together an in- teresting collection of pictures, yet to the ordinary sportsman or amateur photog- rapher the prospects of getting satisfac- tory results in the vacation periods of ach year were too remote for their con- sideration. Therefore the present illustrations are selected from among two hundred and fifty photographs taken within the past year, or, to be more precise, from April 9, 1907, to April 1, 1908, and represent four trips in which the camera was in use a total of thirty days, aside from the time of reaching the game fields. WHERE THE AUTHOR “HUNTED” THE PAST YEAR Having had a permanent or base camp every vear since a boy on the south shore of Lake Superior, much of my big-game hunting with the rifle or camera has been in the middle West or central Canada; but in the present instance, with few ex- ceptions, the photographs represent two extremes on the Atlantic coast. One trip, in April of last year, was to an isolated coral reef, called Cay Verde, belonging to the Bahama group and situate about 230 miles south of Nassau, where we lo- cated the only large, and possibly the only existing, breeding colonies in east- ern waters of the man-o’-war birds and boobies ; another expedition, in July, was made to New Brunswick after moose and deer, while later in the season the Gulf of Saint Lawrence was revisited and crossed to the Island of Newfoundland to picture the fall migration of the cari- bou; and the fourth and final trip was made this spring, to Florida waters, for a further study of the brown pelicans, and other local birds. As will be noted, no distinction was made between game and non-game animals and birds in these recent expeditions. AN EXCITING VOYAGE IN WEST INDIA WATERS In company with Mr Frank M. Chap- man, the well-known ornithologist, the voyage to Cay Verde was made from Miami in the trim little schooner yacht Physalia, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, and under the command of that experienced navigator and naturalist Dr. A. G. Mayer, director of the Dry Tortugas Laboratory. At first sight the Physalia seemed small and low in the water for a thousand-mile trip in the Ba- hamas. It was fifty-five feet over all, with a graceful and extended overhang in the bow and stern that reduced the keel measurement to only twenty-five feet. The draft was five feet and the main deck about three feet above the water line. The masts, however, were long and very massive; but, alas, several days later these selfsame masts became an additional source of danger, as the little yacht, lying on her beam’s ends in a fearful gale, was endeavoring to re- cover her equilibrium. In addition to the sails, there was a twenty horse-power gasoline engine for use in making diff-

Page 10

a7” cult harbor entrances or fighting against the treacherous tides of the Bahama Banks. The voyage across the Gulf Stream to Nassau and the first day’s run south from that port was interesting but uneventful. On the second day, April I, 1907, con- ditions changed, when a heavy head wind was encountered from the south, dis- placing the customary easterly trade winds. For hours the yacht tacked back and forth in a futile contest with wind and waves, for going to windward was not the Phiysalia’s strong point. At 4 p. m. the anchor was dropped on the north side of a narrow reef lying east and west, which promised fair shelter for the ap- proaching night; but at this very moment the destructive hurricane of April 1 had just struck Nassau, fifty miles to the north, and was tearing its way against the southern gale, which we were con- tentedly watching as it sent the spray high over the reef in front of us. The barometer, however, had begun to fall and, not liking the looks of the weather, with ominous thunder clouds gathering, another anchor was dropped overboard, only to find ourselves strug- gling at the windlass half an hour later to pull them back again, as the hurricane came from the north while the tumul- tuous waves threatened to pull the bow under, held as it was with double chains, or later drive us back upon the reef when anchor free. As the second anchor came aboard, the yacht responded quickly to the wind, and in passing out struck a sunken bar of sand or silt, hanging just long enough for a huge wave to sweep the decks and flood the engine-room, stopping the motor, upon which we were relying until a small The next wave few minutes sail could be reefed. carried us clear, and in a the engine was again running, and then Ise long, low islands ahead which could be ..mly seen in the gathering darkness. ‘This required us to run at right angles to the gale, in the trough of the sea, and then it was that the huge masts laid us over again and tearing the life-boats from th began a struggle to clear some again, davits and upsetting things generally. Tur NatTionaL GEo GRAPHIC MAGAZINE Darkness now came on, accentuated by flashes of lightning, and after a run of half an hour it was hoped we had cleared the islands to the left; so, to the partial relief of all, the rapidly founder- ing yacht was turned free with the wind, and then commenced an all-night’s run through a network of coral reefs and shallow bars which for six hundred miles formed the easterly fringe of the Ba- hama Banks. The night being impen- etrable, no lookout was placed at the bow, but every minute or two the lead was thrown, and when occasionally the Swede mate called out “Vun faddom,” we knew that but a single foot of water lay be- tween the keel and some jagged reef. But here I shall omit the suspense of the next four hours. At midnight the gasoline tank broke and the little cabin was flooded with gal- lons of volatile oil. With a rush all the lamps were extinguished, including the binnacle light, illuminating the deck com- pass, and just in time to prevent sudden annihilation. ‘The possession of a little electric pocket-lamp «made it possible to see the wheelman’s compass until, after an hour’s effort, with a barricade of canned goods carried from the hold to the deck, we succeeded, in the howling gale, in lighting a marine lantern. At 4:30 a. m., in the first gleam of the coming light, the pilot made out a high and rocky island a quarter of a mile to the east, and in a few minutes he skill- fully guided us into a narrow entrance of Upper Gold Ring Key, ninety-one miles away from the anchorage of the night before. Here, in a spirit of thankfulness, we remained for two days, until the gale passed away, repairing the broken life- boats and pumping out the gasoline from the bilge, during which time we cooked our meals on the shore of the key, for the yacht was still filled with the sicken- ing and dangerous fumes of gasoline. \nd how bright and lovely those scarred rocks and tangled thickets seemed! On thoroughly plates, board drenched fortunately had been put up in everything was except our precious which water-tight tin cans. XUM

Page 11

One Season's Game-Bac wiTH CAMERA 391 nti mn Sgt aa ———— - —— —_ WRECKERS EYEING THE PHYSALIA WITH INTEREST It may be remarked that this was the But let no inexperienced one suppose first hurricane at such an early date for that this unusual adventure of the Phy- nearly twenty years, and, with a wind alia is typical of life on the sea, or that : a he who seeks the remote forests or the open waters is leading a life of danger and of hardship, for the dangers of the crowded city far exceed in number and pressure of more than eighty miles an hour, it beached, sunk, or dismantled a large number of vessels at Nassau and in our vicinity, variety those of the former. “The perils i J } | ' | y — EE . a co ; ‘ Hic fh * i ar\ et ier —_— THE PHYSALIA ON A REEF (SEE PAGE 402)

Page 12

CURLY TAILED LIZARD, CAY VERDE RESTING AFTER THE HURRICANE ON UPPER GOLD RING KEY: AN ABANDONED NEGRO HUT

Page 13

e*) oO c* One Sgeason’s GAME-BaG WITH CAMERA . : ‘(OOF aSed vas) purysi sity UO IATT JOU P[hoos Ajqeqoid AJY} WOYM JUOYYUM *solIqooqg pidnjs oY} Wolf, poo} Joy} jo Youu SUIULe }GO ‘sp.liq Suowe soe tid o1R SpiIG IBM- O-URW OUT “fins oy} jo ISpe 1e pipsXy J : punols 910} Joe] 94} Ul JONSIY. SHjovd YAlep sy} ul JIL] OL, SAINO‘TOD UVM- O-NVIN GNV AGOOD FO MAIA ‘IVYANAD ~ ~ “~ — , $ » Te ‘ sae fe: 5G. TS whe te KS ae . “ah » = ee; a pei ee ee oe ¥ : . Se ol Fy ¥ . peEEOR ee * rf at nase ge ‘UM

Page 14

XUM sai ree eee eee scsi isa a UOIIIYL 1v913 JSOFIULUT PUL JOUURUI Peylusip ev ul MOq Avy} A]aso]o poyouoid cae eae . 2%, satel [[jeA-yuid ev sto MO][P4-UL9913 e SE [II podvys-o8pom Pppo 94} Pure ‘any yYysiMorjat jo ‘paqqam ‘ J ALT, juoivd oy JO UMOIG JeUYy sy} pue Avis OqUL A[[v 13s 3 preys Ysiy ye aztYyYM die Suno k 31 1 ‘uMOIG Mit OS [NJNVoG vst ApOd oY} JO Jsat IY} puv ysvaiq aIyM v sty J] ‘PUIM 9} ISU ' 49 ur Pe © 3 3218 2 . SOMLYS OULYSY UL INq “[[NS oy} puv yuULIOULIOD ay} YIOG satquuasar 41 a 3S SEM IH) ie SUISADUIO =) u BR S}oISI A[QUO] syiqeyur 4 ‘RILIDULY = yeord pur voido. : se er hee a : : t 4] -SITOULY [BOIdOA-qus pu [vol } OF POUYUOD JsvOd IULY oY} UO d8uLI v YUM ‘suLId0 OG UO pUNOF patq aUNALALUT v st JoUULS Youtq 10 Sqooq ¥ J ° ee e 7 t bh SVNVHVd AHL NI SddI'IO IVYOO ISAHOIN AHL JO ANO ‘VHS AHL SHAOdV Laaa SZ ‘aarto TIVUNOD _ NO SHIdOO" AZINE ‘ 3 THe NaTIonNaL GEoGRAPHIC MaAc $94

Page 15

395 OnE SkEASON’s GAME-BaG wITH GAMERA ANV’ISI TAL SO }pupr oy YLT NOTLMOd CLV ATA oy} pure ATL SunOoOA NO oud SE paiq OFT M “ANO’'IOD ATOO OL, TTL LO LUVd NULLS HAA (UM

Page 16

PARENT NESTING BOOBY THe NATIONAL GEOGRAPHic MAGAZINE ee * ov — ’ . = ; aA *~ : eae ee ve ° time. MPeg, £ x mer. Bo *\ ? Pd . ‘ ers > 4 a COVERING YOUNG FROM DIRECT SUN HEAT OF I 30 DEGREES WITH YOUNG DISPLACED IN FOREGROU ND XUM

Page 17

‘UM ote ew. ten Eee ss ~ Oe ap - ees “a omy: ee OS kn ee ae bates foe Sib te ne J = ke 4 ot , PUA: - ; - , toda So RD SE SA ae ' tates 9 Sn oe |. eT Br Ue ate! So ene Oh ae F see mee Oy Xt ne - + a . e ¥ pny eR Pp ar, — aw — nto, sf ways Sad -s ~ at *? - Om . ~~ ; / “% aad “4 } em ‘ae eet ’ y “« - me _ 4. - , ie oe ‘panes ] eo v 4 : 1 2 4 4 3 4 by 4 2a J ONLY YOUNG TWIN BOOBIES NOTICED IN 7OO NESTS THE PARENT BOOBIES STAND GUARD ON EITIIER SIDE NIGHT AND DAY, EXCEPT WILEN SEARCHING FOR FOOD

Page 18

BOOBIES IN FLIGHT: NOTE FAN-TAILS YOU N¢ ; BOOBY IN FINAL GRAY PLUMAGE JUST BEFORE CHANGING TO ADULT XUM

Page 19

One Sgason’s GAME-BAaG WITH CAMERA BIRDS SOARING MAN-O-WAR of the deep” is a most misleading phrase. It is the peril of the shallows, of the reefs, of the fog-bedimmed coast, that makes navigation sometimes dangerous and uncertain. Not too much wind, how- ever great, but little water, is the cause of nearly every disaster upon the too Sea. The loss of all the gasoline except a few gallons remaining in the bottom of the ruptured tank delayed the expedition many days, and instead of a return to Nassau within a week, nearly a month elapsed before the trip was over. The following week, a hundred miles farther south, we spent several days at Ragged Island awaiting favorable con- ditions for visiting Cay Verde, more than thirty miles out of sight of land to the east and upon which a landing could only $99 ih ts eee CR I0O YARDS OVERHEAD ON MOTIONLESS WINGS ; be made when a light wind prevailed, for calm days were now unavailable, with the gasoline practically gone, and heavy winds meant insurmountable breakers rolling in upon the small sand beach at Cay Verde. Finally, on April 8, with a light head wind, the Physalia slowly tacked its way toward our goal, and late in the after- noon, when within three miles of this little island, the wind died out and it be- came necessary to use several gallons of the remaining gasoline in order to make a landing before dark; and a fortunate move it was, for the next day a heavy wind prevailed and would have prevented landing upon or departure from the reef. But miles away and long before the boats were launched and loaded we had been anxiously eying the reef for signs

Page 20

400 THe NaTionaL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE BREEDING COLONY OF MAN-O-WAR BIRDS Old black bird on nest and young white birds scattered through thicket The nests are built on sea-grape bushes surrounded by impenetrable cactus of bird life. Our data was not at all en- couraging, since such as we had only established the existence of bird colonies in 1857 and 1896. Whether the birds had been there this season or, if so, had been broken up by the rather unusual visit from some becalmed ship, we did not know. Schooners carrying fifteen_or twenty dories and a crew of twenty or more ne- groes are continuously searching the shallow waters of the Bahamas for sponges, and, as might be expected, have from time immemorial made a practice of landing upon islands for birds’ eggs and their young and, when possible, tak- ing.the breeding birds themselves, with the result that in recent years bird life in the Bahamas is threatened with extinc- tion. Some of the readers may recall Mr Chapman's efforts, covering three sea- sons, to locate on these islands a breeding colony of the beautiful pink flamingo, and how at last he succeeded, after dis covering a breeding site many miles in the interior, on a large marshy island and so remote as to have escaped the vigilant eyes of the watchful natives. The extreme isolation of Cay Verde and the absence of protecting land in the neighborhood make the landing too un- certain to warrant a trip that far in search of eggs or young. However, as the yacht approached a little nearer we noticed high over the island the graceful, soaring flight of sev- eral man-o'-war birds, and later could see, coming from all directions, small numbers of boobies, bringing in_ their pouch the evening meal for their clam- orous offspring, provided they were not intercepted in mid-air and compelled to disgorge for the benefit of that hawk of the sea,.-the man-o’-war bird, whose diet consists wholly of flying fish or the toll collected from the good-natured boobies, the presence of which alone makes pos- sible a certain supply of fish for the young of its piratical neighbor. XUM

Page 21

One Season's GAME-BaG wiTH CAMERA 401 YOUNG MAN-O-WAR BIRD AT CLOSE RANGE The man-o’-war or frigate bird belongs to the inter-tropical seas. They have a greater expansion of wing in proportion to the weight of the body than any other bird, and in power of flight are unsurpassed, soaring for hours at a great height, often far out at sea. They live on flying fish or by robbing the boobies, gulls, and terns. The long, narrow, powerful bill has at the end a horny hook, in appearance and substance like a talon, while the feet, from lack of use, are small and atrophied. The male is a brilliant black and has a con cealed pouch of red skin which, when inflated, resembles a toy balloon; the female is brown ish black with a splotched breast of white. The single young is white with black wings, and always stands erect in the nest. JM

Page 22

402 Just as the tropical sun was sinking, the Physalia crossed the crimson sheen and dropped anchor off the pretty little sand beach mortised in between black and jagged battlements of zxolian rock, which in broken masses circled the rest of the island. Quickly a large cask of water and a box of provisions were sent ashore for use, in case we were marooned by the forced withdrawal of the yacht under stress of weather, and later disem- barking with our cameras, we landed for a three days’ visit. A shelter for the night was made from an old sail sup- ported by our tripods, and then Dr Mayer returned to the rolling vessel with a calm and satisfied demeanor, while we secretly rejoiced at having solid ground beneath our blankets, hard as it was. In the fading light Mr Chapman and I stood by the little tent, gazing with curi- osity and pleasure upon thousands of dark-colored boobies, who in_ stolid silence stood upright on either side of their single white-plumaged young, many of them not ten feet away from the edge of the tent, while still farther away we could see the circling man-o’-war birds descending for the night to nests scat- tered throughout a low thicket, composed of sea-grape bushes and spiny cactus. At sunrise we were up, and before attempt- ing breakfast made a hasty trip to the higher part of the island and with field- glasses carefully studied the birds, map- ping out our plan of action. Our investigation then and _ later showed the island to be about thirty acres in extent and containing more than 4,000 ground-nesting boobies and five or six hundred man-o’-war birds in the sea- grape thicket, each colony in the midst of its nesting season. The pictures and subjoined text will tell without further words just what the camera saw, though the remarkable fact may be stated that while the booby nests usually contained we were unable to find more than one pair of young in any of the hundreds of nests examined—due, as we discovered, to the peculiar fact that there was a difference of at least ten days in the incubating eggs, and that therefore the first voung hatched would alone sur- two eggs, THe NaTIonaL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE vive. The man-o’-war birds, on the other hand, lay one egg and, unlike the boobies, the nests are placed far back in the almost impenetrable jungle of cactus. Several times the Physalia changed its anchorage, as heavy winds came on and on one night in particular we were much alarmed when in the midst of a violent thunder-storm the lights upon the Phy- salia disappeared, occasioned, as we dis- covered on the next day, by the violent rocking of the vessel. At the end of the third day our work was done, including the taking and preparation by Mr Chap- man of a splendid group of both variety of birds for the American Museum of Natural History; and then began the slow journey back to Nassau. Delays were numerous, but none were serious until the night of April 16, when for the only time, aside from the night of the hurricane, we attempted a several hours’ run with a fair wind and a full moon, in order to reach Nassau next day if pos- sible, where and when the last steamer of the season left for Miami. At II p. m. the vacht suddenly stopped, the masts shook violently, the sails flapped, and be- hold—we were upon a reef, at high tide, a mile out of our course, through the treacherous currents of these broken waters. At daybreak, when the tide was low, we found ourselves perched on a sand bar in six inches of water, with a deep channel on either side. The wind re- mained light and with a large island a mile to the east the boat alone was in danger should the wind increase. Here we remained three days, working like beavers at the windlass in an effort to drag the yacht into deep water, but not until the boat was stripped of all her bal- last, provisions, anchors, etc., did we suc- ceed in getting her off, in high water, at midnight of the third dav; and, as an ex- ample of our former good luck, it may be stated that the bar we struck lay just ten miles south of where we began the all- night run on the night of April 1st. The next day we reached Nassau, too late, of course, for the Miami boat, and were compelled to return by water to New York on a Ward line steamer. XUM

Page 23

One Season's GAME-BaG wITH CAMERA 403 MALE AND FEMALE MAN-O WAR BIRDS FLYING OVER SEA GRAPE THICKET: NOTE WING ACTION AND FORKED TAILS FIVE NESTS OF MAN-O WAR BIRDS IN A RADIUS OF SIX FEET: THIS BIRD HAS BUT ONE YOUNG

Page 24

404 Ture NaTionaL GEoGRAPHIC MAGAZINE MOVEMENT FORWARD WING REMARKABLE DING ON NEST: NOTE BIRD DESCEN \R MAN-O -W XUM

Page 25

UM One Srason’s GAaME-BaG WITH CAMERA 4.05 TTP TY TO FROM TERT & ITS WING, OF EXTREME EXTENT MAN-O'-WAR BIRD: SHOWING FEMALE

Page 26

406 AFTER MOOSE AND DEER IN NEW BRUNSWICK ‘ During the first week in July, 1907, I spent a pleasant week in New Bruns- wick hunting moose and deer with the camera and flashlight. Although I had traveled through this famous game coun- try a number of times en route to New- foundland, previous plans had prevented a visit into its wilds. In company with Adam Moore, the ‘famous guide, trapper, and woods phi- Josopher, we ascended the Tobique River seventy miles to its head-waters, Nictau Lake. Heavy and almost continuous rains the previous month had kept the banks full, or, as Moore expressed it, at a “logging stage’”—a most unusual condi- tion for a mid-summer month. The Up- per Tobique is peculiar in that it has no rapids, no falls, and no slack waters, ex- cepting an occasional salmon pool, for some sixty miles; yet it is one of the swiftest streams I have ever attempted to paddle. I say attempted, for the grand rush of this stream, supplemented, by un- usually high water, made the bow paddle useless, and all our motor power was con- centrated in a ten-foot pole shod with steel, which Moore, a giant in stature and avoirdupois, standing aloft in the stern of the canoe, wielded with an expertness and strength that slowly but surely over- came a current against which four pad- dlers would have succumbed. Aside from a sudden dash from one bank to the other in order to escape water at times too deep for the shoving pole, no paddles were used in the three days taken to ascend the stream. Did space permit, much might be writ- ten on the beautiful scenery, the moose and the deer crossing ahead of us, but beyond the camera range, on the slow contest with the current, or the attrac- tiveness of the camp each night with the appetizing trout that lived to enjoy life until the blazing campfire was the signal for casting the artificial fly across this spring-fed stream. Two days later, as we entered the nar- row connecting creek between Lower and Upper Nictau Lake, Moore, scanning the stream carefully, remarked, “there were THe NaTionaL GEoGRAPHIC MAGAZINE plenty of moose in the water today.” Although I had hunted moose for many years, I neither observed any disturbance in the muddy bottom nor any tracks upon the bank, having failed to observe that floating here and there upon the current were numerous gray-brown hairs shed by the moose as they fed on the aquatic plants in the adjoining lake. A few minutes later we reached Moore’s cabin, situated in a secluded corner, at the lower end, where a view of the entire lake was possible. And here, on the well-cleared bank, with a more or less continuous smudge, we were able to fight the sand fly, black fly, and mosquitoes, and yet be in a position to enter the canoe in a mo- ment should a moose appear. The next day was dark, warm, and wet, while it fairly rained moose; and their utter disregard of dampness was noticeable from the fact of their wading out in the deeper portions of the lake, where they would go entirely out of sight after the roots of acquatic plants. But the moose is so dark in color and its movements so rapid when chased by a canoe that I refrained from attempting to picture them under such unfavorable conditions. The following days were more propi- tious, though showers fell occasionally. Many times during the day we silently paddled along the dark-fringed shores until close enough to a feeding animal to overtake it by rapid paddling after we had been finally discovered. Like all the deer family excepting the antelope, the moose has a poor and undiscriminating eve, depending upon its keen nose and sense of hearing for protection, and therefore when the head was freq ently submerged it was not hard to approach with a canoe. During the next five days a dozen or more pictures were taken by this means, several of which are shown in the present article. But when [ returned each afternoon to camp it was only to prepare for a much more exciting camera hunt after darkness shrouded this little lake. At about 9 p. m. smaller lenses were substi- tuted for the large ones used in davlight work, and, entering the canoe with the XUM

Page 27

UM One Sgason’s GAME-Bac witH CAMERA 4.07 jacklight in the bow and the flashlight apparatus in easy reach, we paddled along the dark and silent waters, while the canoe with its single blazing eye, was seeking out some nocturnal denizen along i... -wore or out in the deeper waters of the many bays. Until the first night under the jack- light, Adam Moore simply thought cam- era hunting an interesting but not un- usual pastime, for he had studied these animals for many years in the waters and in the forests of his native place. but when, on the first night out, his keen ears detected the wallowing of a moose at the edge of a small bog and later saw its bright, translucent eyes and its massive body, illuminated by the funnel of light from the jack, he grew intensely inter- ested; and when the flash was fired and the great beast struggled about, blinded but not really alarmed, by what was taken to be a flash of lightning, Moore laughed long and loud. Every night thereafter he was the first in the canoe and impatient for the start. Here again the pictures must largely tell their story, for space forbids a detailed account of the many exciting scenes during the day- light and night bombardment of the New Brunswick moose. When I parted from Moore on the Lower Tobique, the following week, he said: ‘In my varied experience and with many scenes before me, I can only say in all sincerity that the hunt of the past week has proved more interesting; more exciting, and of more real value in the study of animal life than all that has gone before.” And this from a man who has looked over a rifle barrel for more than forty years! THE REPUTED BELLIGERENCY OF THE BULL MOOSE A prevailing impression shared in, alike by expert and novice, is the be- lief that the moose—especially the bull— will deliberately charge the jacklight of the night hunter, and in many portions of Canada and the United States I have been urgently advised against trying to take flashlight pictures of this animal ~ from a canoe at night. I recall with marked distinctness an incident of many years ago when a hunting chum of mine came back from northern Minnesota, where with one of our oldest guides in charge of the canoe he had fired at a big bull moose from under the jacklight, and how, with the jack overboard, and a big hole in the bottom of a canoe, they spent the rest of the night on the banks of the muddy marsh, vowing never to fool with a moose again under such circumstances. But long before going to New Bruns- wick I had discovered that much was fallacious in this theory, though some- what mystified by some of my exper- iences. It so happened when the first moose was flashed (a disreputable look- ing old cow) it left the bank, bore down on the canoe, knocking both cameras overboard by striking the projecting table, and passed out in the darkness of the lake to be seen no more. And then the guide, who for many years had skill- fully wielded the stern paddle in many of my flashlight expeditions, and who had absorbed the many tales of the noctur- nal savagery of the moose, remarked, as he looked over his shoulder nervously, “Tf an old cow like that can act so, then there will be something doing when we meet a bull,” or words to that effect. And I speculated too, as the cameras were picked up, sustained in the water by the air-tight bellows; and then the damp- ened negatives were hurried back to camp for immediate development. What would happen we learned the following year in the Wahnapitae Lake district of Canada, when one night as we searched for moose in a long, narrow slough, a big animal was heard feeding in the water at the edge of the marsh where pond lilies grew in profusion. As_ the light slowly disclosed the half submerged body, we saw a big bull moose facing us, his “jaws working energetically as he crushed the roots of a lily, dragged from the bottom of the p' nd. He looked rather fierce and the convulsive move- ment of the jaws heightened the effect. It was only after repeated signals from me that the canoe came cautiously within

Page 28

408 THE Narionat GeoGraPHic MaGAzine A CONTRAST: OLD BEDRAGGLED COW MOOSE INDIFFERENT TO APPROACIIING CANOE MAGNIFICENT BULL MOOSE IN ACTION: NICTAU LAKE XUM

Page 29

UM LARGE COW OneE SEASON’s GAME-BAaG WITH CAMERA MOOSE DETECTING BULL SCENT NEW MOOSE STRUGGLING FROM CAMERA BRUNSWICK BLIND: ASHORE RED BROOK 409 CREEK,

Page 30

410 THe NaTionaAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE 4 NIGILTS IQ07, AND AGAIN BY FLASHLIGHT THREE Ll MOOSI TAKEN IN JULY, LATER nimal was photog ntil the development of the plate S Standing it Teet Of Wa bite Il y yraphed was not discovered u XUM

Page 31

UM One SEAson’s GAME-BaG FOGGY MORNING ON NICTAU LAKE, 0 WITH CAMERA A. M.: COW MOOSE FEEDING “K WHITE-TAIL DEER AT NEW BRUNSWICK TROUT STREAM

Page 32

412 Tue NaTionaL GEoGrRAPHIC MAGAZINE P.M} (4 HIM TO OVERTAKE () TITREE PADDLES REQUIRED IT THAT (SEE PAGE 428) SO RAPIDLY SWIMMING MOOSE BULL DAYLIGIIT : XUM

Page 33

A91R] SY9oM OM] Padojarop SUM dANBBIU [UN Udas JOU FTeD “WYSuprw je puijq wos paydesBojoyg MOIMSNOUG MAN ‘AHAIN ANOIGOL WAddA :4YSOOW FIV GNV MOD >: LHOVTIHSV Ta < co xX = = CO rr = : O ct jaa ! xX = <= CO ND rs e) N < jaa) Nn xX Z

Page 34

414 THe Nationa, GeoGraPHic MAGAZINE DAYLIGHT: COW MOOSE Drinking quarts of saline-sulphur water at a PHOTOGRAPHED AT New EIGHT FEET FROM BLIND Brunswick natural lick; dark afternoon; one-second exposure the twenty-five feet, at which the cameras were focused. Then a great flash, a heavy boom and all was silent for a moment as the smoke of the magnesium powder drifted away. By this time both paddles were in the water, and we were preparing for the Yet there he stood, his jaws the picture of what—anger worst. now silent or fear? Before the question could be answered, down went the great head with a splash beneath the muddy surface. Was he going to turn himself into a submarine boat and spike us from below? No; he was simply engaged in pulling up another succulent lily root for his supper, satis- fied that the little jacklight, behind which nothing could be seen, was but a trifling, insignificant thing, while the bright flash and the boom was a rather weak sort of a thunder storm. Reloading the flash, reversing the plate holder, and waiting until the head

Page 35

UM OnE SEASON’s GAME-BaG WITH CAMERA for the third time came to the surface, I fired a second flash, and then in a fit of carelessness talked too loudly, where- upon, with a rush the big animal pulled himself upon the bank, and was _ swal- lowed in the darkness of the summer night. Year after year I had similar exper- iences, always to find that it was an ex- ception not to obtain at least two photo- graphs of the same moose at night; a thing that had never happened with the white-tail deer in nearly twenty years. But in New Brunswick the real expla- nation came for this supposed _ belliger- ency of the moose at night. One even- ing, with Adam in the stern, his son in the middle, and myself behind the light, we paddled toward a large bull feeding in the center of the shallow lake (page 410). When thirty feet away, the head went out of sight, and we could have passed over the large antlers had we tried. When the flash went off he showed no concern, so holding our posi- tion I prepared and fired a second flash. But when for the third time I pulled the trigger the cap alone exploded with a sharp crack. In a mightly swirl the big animal, alarmed at the snapping sound behind the light, swam rapidly away to the inlet of the lake. Recapping the flash, we paddled in the direction he had gone, and soon saw him facing the light and in about two feet of water close by the bushes (page 418). Again the flash was fired but, showing little concern, he began walking up the stream, while the paddlers continued to keep him in sight while I prepared for the fourth flash, aside from the one that missed. Just as he entered a_ broad pool—famous for trout—and with only his big antlers partly showing over the body, I let go the flash, for never before had I been given a chance to picture the retreating form of a moose at night. In the fog of smoke before the jack I heard a great splash—then another— while a deluge of cold water drenched the cameras and myself, and there, stand- ing within four feet of the jack—the big head towering seven feet above the 415 canoe—stood the bull, looking not down into the light, but beyond as though pre- paring for another spring. It certainly seemed time to do some- thing, so, half rising, I waved my cap before his astonished eyes and gave a yell that could have been heard a mile or more. ‘This was sufficient, for with an easy lope he entered the bushes upon our immediate left, and was seen no more. By this time Moore was howling with de- light and making some remarks about the penetrating character of my voice, all of which I told him might be accounted for according to the end of the canoe one was in at the time. By an amusing coinci- dence this lively bombardment of a sub- ject of King Edward’s occurred on the night of July 4, and was in keeping with the pyrotechnic celebrations occurring the same evening throughout the states. Yet this adventure explained it all and made finally clear what I had long sus- pected. The vivid flash was only seen by the moose on the bushes ahead, hence its sudden retreat; the cow that appar- ently charged our light in Canada, as the picture shows, was facing away from us; the bull that my old hunting companion shot at was standing, stern foremost, gaz- ing at the diffused light of the jack on the bushes beyond, and the sudden rifle shot sent him away from the apparent source of danger in front and thus down upon the canoe. I then remembered that in five or six instances all the white-tail deer which had ever thrown water into the boat when dashing madly by us, in each and every case, were looking into the forest at the wavering light of the jack upon the trees or bushes, so when the ex- plosion came they instinctively rushed into the water away from the terrifying shadows of the forest. On the other hand, in the hundreds of flashes fired di- rectly into the faces of deer, moose, elk, and other wild animals, they never in a single instance charged forward after the flash was fired. Hence avoid taking a flash or crack from the rifle at a moose when facing away from the jack, or otherwise prepare for a possible collision, more or less dan-

Page 36

416 gerous when the great weight of the ani- mal is considered, and if you can't swim, don’t try it at all. Another mistake equally common about the moose is its dangerous character in the fall, and in support of this hundreds of articles have been written, many of them by honest, well-meaning, sportsmen, usually of somewhat limited experience, describing their narrow escape from the sudden charges of these big animals when fired upon. The explanation is an easy one. When the moose is suddenly shot at from behind by an unseen hunter and unwounded, the animal almost invariably takes its back track, thus bringing it fre- quently face to face with the surprised hunter, who may or may not then suc- ceed in shooting it down; and when a moose is fatally hurt, or very badly wounded by the shot from an unobserved hunter in front of the animal, it generally rushes madly forward twenty-five yards or more in the agony of its unexpected injury, and thus, once more, the animal is brought down upon the hunter ‘with a suddenness that is somewhat terrifying to those who see in its glaring eyes an over- powering desire for revenge. In either case the animal has every appearance of charging the shooter, and hence the tales of the tenderfoot. Then again there is a_ disposition among some to regard the bull moose as particularly dangerous in the mating sea- son, even when not shot at. True, he is then more indifferent to his safety, but because in some remote forest his fever- ish eyes mistake the distant and skulking figure of a man for a lady-love or rival, and with a bellow he approaches, it is easy to understand how some persons purposely or ignorantly interpret such impetuosity as a desire on the part of the animal to give combat to his most feared and deadly enemy—man—when, as a matter of fact, just one faint whiff of the human body will send the biggest bull into headlong flight, his massive body quivering with fear. INCREASE OF MOOSE IN NEW BRUNSWICK DUE TO WISE GAME LAWS New The moose of Brunswick were extremely scarce prior to 1885, but with Tue NationaL GEeoGRAPHIC MAGAZINE the gradual disappearance of the Indian trapper and hide hunter and the contin- uous migration of hundreds of these ani- mals across the Maine border and the passage of effective game laws, this noble animal is now more widely dis- tributed and is more abundant in New Brunswick than in any given area of equal size on the American continent. No cows or calves can be legally killed, with the result that thousands of females now form great breeding herds capable of more than supplying the pres- ent destruction of the bull and adding many more each year to the permanent breeding stock. With the restoration of the moose came the white-tail deer of Maine, and they likewise are most abundant, saving many a big moose or caribou that would otherwise be sacrificed to meet the tem- porary needs of the pot-hunter or trap- per. The caribou are also plentiful, whereas in Maine there are now few or none. As an example of practical game pro- tection, where the producing animals are carefully protected and the increment made the basis of a restricted killing, we find a splendid example of good judg- ment and concurrent rewards. Shall we, in this country, continue to ignore the rules of common sense, improvident for those of today and regardless of those to come? A DIGRESSION ON SAVAGE BEASTS At this point I cannot avoid a digres- sion. The almost daily reiterated re- ports of the “man chasing and devour- ing’ wolf, the “fierce” lynx, the “savage”’ bear, the “terrible” cougar, the “revenge- ful’ bull moose excite wonderment; for in my humble judgment all such blood- curdling attributes are unfounded and mendacious in nearly every particular. However great the perils of the African jungle, the situation in this country is entirely different. After a personal ex- perience of more than thirty-five years in the American wilderness, from the Gulf of Mexico to the Hudson Bay waters, and especially throughout the range of these particular animals, and after an almost Continuous investigation from XUM

Page 37

Ones SEASON’s GAME-BaG WITH CAMERA FLASHLIGHT: LARGE BULL MOOSE: UPPER TOBIQUE RIVER, NEW BRUNSWICK The back of the

Page 38

(SIP a9vVa uss) 1990 SLI GNV AONVS AHL OL sVSIa HOIHM GNV SHLANIN ALNAML NI SHINIL NAOA ATONE “AMVI AVILOIN LHONOUM ATV: ‘HSVld LSV’l AHL NO GAITdVYNOLOHd SVM LLVIIL ASOON TIONG OIG 4 € L HO AWMALOId AYN MAGAZINE RAPHIC = J / a" —/ x) re Zw J <x Zz, Oo = < THe N 418

Page 39

419 One Sgason’s GAME-BAG WITH CAMERA Avp yirp ev uo urea AAvO “4 oNe -NSv > > ‘ | [LV] I Ye ul UINe YT s2uUvIvIddL ONT[-YSCUu [PSTUUODS er UUM WYB O} Ju0 -UISIOUIGIE JO SooR1} JOULISIpP SUIMOYS Zo61 ‘g ATOL ‘MOIMSNONG MAN ‘WAAIN ANGMOL AAA TIVE-ALIILM ONAOK 4O IVa

tie, inate ee ie elas: soe ee a el ee oe

UM j .

Page 40

420 Ture NatrionaL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE FLASHLIGHT: YOUNG BULL MOOSE GAZING WITH INTEREST AT APPROACHING JACK LIGHT: NICTAU LAKE, NEW BRUNSWICK, JULY 2, 1907 hundreds of experienced sources, I think it would be safe to say that there are more persons injured or killed through the attacks of domestic animals or wild animals in confinement, or partial confine- ment, in a single season than by all the wild animals of the forest in the past fifty years. Tales of savage beasts largely emanate from two classes, the commercial nature faker and the novice, in which latter class may frequently be included land- lookers, surveyors, miners, the lumber- jack, and the temporary homesteader, since many of these are wholly unac- quainted with wild animal life and very often possess a vivid imagination, built up partly upon fear and partly upon a desire to report startling tales equal to the best that appear in the local press. True it is that the grizzly bear, badly may Oc wounded or defending its young, casionally show fight, but the old day, when this powerful animal voluntarily stood its ground, is gone forever. At least in every district where the repeating rifle has taught the lesson of man’s over- powering mastery, and today not a single experienced sportsman, naturalist, guide, or any reliable trapper will relate or un- derwrite any of these tales of perilous ad- ventures with the wild and harassed ani mals of the American forests. The pestiferous mosquito and black fly may sometimes force the bravest hunter or trapper into a rapid retreat, but no man need ever hesitate to go voluntarily and unarmed into any so-called wilderness re- sorts of this country through a fear of menacing beasts. And in concluding this branch let it be said emphatically that the more dangerous the supposed traits of any particular animal, the more the cer- tainty of its being the one now most fear- XUM

Page 41

1M One Szgason’s GAME-BaGewiITH CAMERA 42? FLASHLIGHT: BOAT RIGGED FOR NIGHT-HUNTING WITH CAMERAS, SHOWING FLASH- LIGHT APPARATUS AND JACK LAMP: TAKEN 1893 ful of man’s presence, whatever may be its attitude towards the other animals of the forest. To this fact alone does the predaceous quadruped now owe its exist- ence, for were it to meet instead of re- treat from the man with the gun the end would long ago have been reached. And let it be said in justification of my apparent disposition to point out many prevailing misconceptions regarding wild animals that originally as a sportsman I believed in or accepted many of these popular fallacies. For it must be remem- bered that with the big-game sportsman few ever continue to kill moose, elk, cari- bou, or bear in large numbers or con- tinue to hunt the same animals year after year, since usually they seek a few good trophies and revolt against the further killing of animals too huge for transpor- tation or too tough for the platter; and hence those who hunt the same game sea- son after season usually confine them- selves to the smaller varieties of the deer family or to animals and birds whose flesh may be utilized. Therefore most of the errors are due. in realitv, to inexperience with certain habits of particular animals, however great the experience of the big-game hunter in the general field of sport. The eye of the camera, the light of the jack, and of the penetrating flash, to- gether with the same animal under close observation for hours at a time and year after year, have shown that in a single

Page 42

422 season of camera hunting more accurate conclusions can be reached concerning our big game and their ways, in daylight or in darkness, than will ever occur through a dozen seasons where the crack of the rifle almost invariably follows the close proximity of the wild animal. AT THE OLD CAMP ON LAKE SUPERIOR While it was the purpose of the writer to describe in extenso several camera hunts on the Atlantic coast during the year, it would seem disloyal to entirely omit his old camp on White Fish Lake, in upper Michigan, where, as usual, a few weeks were spent last year and where, as might be expected, the camera was used from time to time. And at this point it seems proper to briefly describe some remarkable changes in the environ- ment of the white-tail deer on Lake Su- perior and the dangers resulting there- from, for it is of this animal, above all others, that the writer has made a life- long study. The deer of upper Michigan have in recent years greatly changed their habits. Formerly in the early fall they gradually migrated south in order to escape the deep snows of the Lake Superior shores, averaging more than five feet on the level in mid-winter ; but the building of several lines of railway across their old migrat- ing trails, with the rights of way fre- quently barred by double barriers of wire tence, has cut off the retreat to their former winter range. Owing to the rapid destruction of timber on the hemlock ridges and the cedar swamps the winter juarters of the deer in the Lake Superior listrict have, each year, become more and more restricted, with the result that these animals seem doomed to quick destruc- tion through the ravenous attacks of the cunning timber wolf. Compelled now, is the deer are, to yard in dozens and sometimes hundreds—with well-beaten trails throughout each range and snow deep and impenetrable on all sides—the wolf has an easy time in winter, for a single one may, in a few hours, destroy dozens of deer under such conditions. It has been estimated, from the carcasses THe NatrionaL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE found, that over 2,000 deer have been killed by wolves in the vicinity of White Fish Lake in the past four years, and possibly many more. There is a picture, by flashlight, on page 426 of one of the few deer seen by me last season on White Fish Lake, where to see twenty-five in a single day, a few years ago, was not unusual. Therefore it is with pleasure that I have also depicted on the opposite page the big gray timber wolf trapped on the same trail used by this particular deer and on the \ery next night. A mile away [ heard its niournful howl, when the trap was sprung, and the next day the camera shot preceded the rifle bullet which wiped out its cruel and cunning life. Yet, in passing the death sentence, a feeling of momentary pity was felt, since, held in a cruel vise of steel, the big glowering animal was in no position to escape or defend itself. This was the nineteenth wolf trapped, poisoned, or shot in the vicinity of my camp the past thirty years, and in number represent the offspring of only three female wolves in a single season. The bounty in Michigan now varies from $35 to $50 per scalp, and every effort is being made to wipe out this the most resourceful, destructive, and elusive animal on the American conti- nent. And to the Biological Bureau, at Washington, must be credited much of the successful work now being done, both in the deer forests of the North and upon the cattle plains of the West. AFTER THE NEWFOUNDLAND CARIBOU On a previous occasion I had spent many pleasant weeks in Newfoundland fishing, canoeing, and camping on the in- terior lakes and rivers, but it was not until the fall of last year that I made a special trip for caribou, and particularly for the purpose of picturing their water migration on several of the larger lakes, for when migrating they generally prefer the open waters to traveling across bogs and timbered land. With my former guide, William Squires, we made a canoe trip up Sandy River to Deer and Sandy lakes—about XUM

Page 43

UM One Season’s GamME-BaG wiTH CAMERA 423 A 75-POUND TIMBER WOLF TRAPPED ON A DEER RUNWAY NEAR AUTHOR'S CAMP, LAKE SUPERIOR, JULY 29, 1907 An animal that now threatens with extinction the deer in Lake Superior region and Canada 500 FOREST MUSHROOMS AT THE BASE OF A HARD MAPLE, LAKE SUPERIOR

Page 44

XUM a USE ALSO CATCHES FLIES SIX WEEKS’

isa) a Whee ry Rarver | ae . o See sc Hts ef o Z a Me AAG a. = - BN ¢ - co? an ‘> Ss A, Co < <= | foc) fA <~Y «4 O & } Nh ee ‘'» ae se | Bae <x a Side ’ i fi fj a ma < Z ei \ ans 3. 2 ze ss a : ; nN < 6 we ae

Page 45

JM MINK ONE SEASON'S GAME-BAG WITH CAMERA TAKING ITS OWN PICTURE BY FLASHLIGHT BY PULLING ON STRING WITH FISH: WHITE FISH RIVER, MICHIGAN, JULY, 1907 42 Gar BAITED

Page 46

> 4 ZINE IONAL GEOGRAPHIC MaG AT THe N 426 ‘ _ —_ ~< ; Sspqeyur Aypeusn }L SJLIAOO dsuop oly pue SSIULPOIIIMOSOL [EU ytopuomMm S}l O} olip A[ILLIY | 1ddIP IY} jo 1oquoul 494}0 AUP ueyy SIJVYS poyuy) ou} ul Ppoywqlaystp A[OpiIM o1OUWl st peutlue Suluuny pure [HyIoRAS SILL (czV ADVd AAS) NVOIMOIN “AMV HSId ULINM ‘ZOOL ‘gz ATAL “LUD OL ANIGONONOd WLIM ‘XANC CTV E-MLINM 2 LHOVTHSV'IA

Page 47

One Sgason’s GAME-BaG wITH CAMERA 427

yA < — ‘ot = L x S To . pon re Lv 4 _— vy Oo s < = ~ = = = G MN 4 = v - he oe par) ~ v . a. =~ = | —~ WwW <~ & < _ 7, a oa. 1S) ~ | CS < Vv ’ _ S = : : 2 | q & ' a | y ' — 3 | 2 5) ' - — ~ = baal w v < a = en v ~ a om = Oo = a v. 1X) ome he < Yo ~ *. = 7 cr a 4 a tz —s % “ = 7? ‘~ - OC -_ a

CUM

Page 48

THE 428 NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE DEERLAKE, SANDY RIVER DISTRICT, NEWFOUNDLAND Where the water migration of the caribou was studied. halt the distance north of Grand Lake that we had gone the year before. Our camp was located at the outlet of the lake, which, with the adjoining one, formed an east-west base line of more than nine miles across the southerly line of migration. Here, on the second day, a fine stag with an antlered doe and fawn quickly entered the water, and looking neither to the right nor the left, began their long swim across the lake. In a few minutes the canoe was by their sides, when, raising their heads aloft—previously held close to the wa- ter—they made a gallant effort to out- strip us, their stubby white tails held aloft like peaceful flags of truce. Yet why describe what the camera saw each day, when here are the scenes them- selves. | was surprised to note the small num- ber of fawns, based upon close personal observations and those of several others. In more than 300 does of which I have a record last fall there was on an average fawn to four in striking but one does— contrast to the moose and the deer, who, besides usually having two young are more or less harassed by the timber each, Note camera in bow of canoe wolf and cougar, while in Newfoundland man is the sole enemy of the caribou, for the wolves, once numerous, have about become extinct. And this proportion held true under a great variety of circumstances; for with single does three were barren out of every four, and in a group of four there would be but one fawn or none, and in one band of sixteen does, crossing the river in single file, I counted but four fawns, and in larger herds the young were equally scarce. While this may be due to the extremely damp and rigorous weather in the spring, at the time the fawns are born, or to the peculiar habit of single stags in rounding up great herds of does each fall, the fact seems to be that the young of each year are away below the average of those of the other antlered game in this country. And if my conclusions are right, it only points out the great necessity for proper game laws on this island; for once these great herds of caribou are greatly reduced in numbers the process of restoration will be extremely slow. There is another matter that I may express an opinion upon, though it differs

Page 49

DOE AND OneE SEASON’s GAME-BAG WITH CAMERA TESTING CAMERA WITH THREAD SET ACROSS CARIBOU TRAIL FAWN THAT TOOK THEIR OWN PICTURES SEVERAL HOURS LATER: FOUNDLAND, OCTOBER 20, 1907 429 NEW-

Page 50

430 Ture NatTIoNAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE | wade Ae te. ve see a) ew moe stihl nae ON EUs eS DAYLIGHT: WEASEL: NEWFOUNDLAND: ITS NIMBLENESS MAKES IT HARD TO PHOTOGRAPIHI CARIBOU STAG, DOE, AND FAWN: ONE-HALF OF THE DOES CARRY SMALL HORNS. THE FAWN IS ASSISTED BY THE SUCTION IN SWIMMING

Page 51

UM One Season's GAME-BaG wiTH CAMERA 435 ! ry ~~. = } nex - — i a 4 p . r . CARIBOU IN AGONIZED RUSH TO ESCAPE CANOE CARIBOU SWIM SLOWLY, BUT GO ASHORE WITH GREAT SPEED

Page 52

GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE THe Narional r 432 NMAVS S’TIONIS V ANY SH0d MAO MVAN NI (QcP 19Vd FAS) ASOU WL Sd THH NOULODS ~NTILIVdIINOD WIMS SAYWAH NI LOUINVD XUM a

Page 53

4 VERY \RIBOU One Season's GAME-BaG witH CAMERA 433 LARGE STAG CARIBOU STAG, TAKEN IN WITH BEAL SYMMETRICAL rIFUL WHITE HORNS COLLAR andi Bode * a ay add. & 4 i : es 4 ROUGH WATER AND ON A DARK DAY PHOTOGRAPHED AT EIGHT FEET. NOTE CARRIED BY STAGS ONLY

Page 54

434 from the statements of Mr Selous and other well-known sportsmen who have hunted on this island, viz., the supposedly great speed of the caribou in swimming. When undisturbed, a_ single caribou, crossing large lakes, swims about three miles an hour, and a fair-sized herd swims somewhat slower. When first sighting the canoe, the animal springs half out of the water, and then, with head erect, tries to elude the paddlers, and for the first one hundred yards its speed varies between five and six miles an hour; and then, becoming somewhat exhausted by the extreme exertion, the speed slows down to about three and one- half miles an hour—a gait that one pad- dler in a loaded canoe has no trouble in beating. The swimming speed of this animal is therefore below that of the moose and the white-tail deer. I saw no caribou enter the water be- fore 7 a. m. or later than 5 p. m., the movement being greatest from 10 to 3. The animals, as a rule, are not nocturnal, either when migrating or feeding, though in the fly season they feed at night, and late in the fall, under the stress of heavy snow-storms, sometimes travel night and day. It is also noticeable that they gener- ally move against the wind, depending almost wholly upon the nose to detect danger, which from time immemorial al- ways lay before them, in their long march from the northern peninsula to the south- erly coast. As the result of relying so much upon scent, neither their hearing nor sense of sight is at all acute, for one may sit close to the runway and the ani- mal, if the wind is favorable, will pass by within a rod. Since the building of the railroad that intersects the island, many large herds of caribou remain permanently either north or south of the track, and in this respect resemble the white-tail deer of northern Michigan before mentioned. While the island is visited each fall by numerous non-resident sportsmen in quest of stags with fine heads, it is diffi- cult to compute the amount of abandoned each year in the more remote meat THe NaTionaL GEoGRAPHIC MAGAZINE portions or because the rankness of the stag often makes its meat unfit for food at that season of the year. Two years ago, for instance, | met three young col- legians from the “States,” who several days before, on barrens east of Grand Lake, encountered a number of migrating caribou, and by good judgment and ac- curate shooting had, in a single day, picked out and killed nine large caribou stags—the three apiece allowed by law. They candidly admitted that, owing to the toughness of the stags and the dis- tance from their camp, every ounce, aside from the heads, had been aban- doned, representing a total of more than 3,500 pounds. Yet these young men had come thou- sands of miles for caribou hunting and were in every (other) respect a manly set of fellows. After seeing some of my caribou pictures and hearing the inci- dents connected therewith, they seemed to realize that big-game hunting with the camera was an ideal method and one that they hoped to. try hereafter. As with the caribou stags, so with the bull moose, the bull elk, and the gigantic grizzly bear, whose decaying flesh we have noticed year after year polluting the air of some beautiful valley, simply because the antlers or the hide was all that could be saved when these great ani- mals were stricken down in districts’ too remote for transportation. PELICANS OF THE INDIAN RIVER rHE BROWN lor many years I had been familiar with the pelican colony on Indian River, Florida. ©n one occasion, four or five vears ago, | made a trip expressly to take flashlight pictures of the breeding birds, but upon firing the first flash the whole colony took wing, heading for the boat with its glaring lantern, until we were fairly overwhelmed, as hundreds of great birds, with flapping wings and large bodies, banged into or over the boat. Crouching down in the bottom, with the cameras hurled from the bow, we waited until the avalanche was over, when my Virginia guide, a stranger to XUM

Page 55

One Szason’s GAME-BaG wiTH CaMERA 435 MER SEM ee? A et * Me ee Mie hen Png RISING FLIGHT OF PELICANS: @. WINGS SEEN AT DIFFERENT ANGLES. b. WHERE IT RESEMBLES THE CANADA GOOSE

Page 56

436 THe NatrionaL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE FLIGHT OF SIDE PELICANS these waters, remarked as he tossed a flapping bird overboard, ‘Darn these pell-mellicans.” Through fear of dis turbine the birds fur ther in the midst of the nesting’ season, we quietly withdrew with a single much-prized_ pic ture to our credit. This spring, in com- pany with my _ former shipmate, Mr Chap- man, we _ revisited the island, he to take cine- matograph pictures of this wonderful colony and some upon the new colored plates, and | to get pictures of these birds in flight or with the stereoscopic camera. We found on March 10 most of the young birds ready for flight, numbering some 1,500, while scattered about were the remains of fully 800 more of a later hatching, killed either wv the heavy freeze of the week before or by reason of a midnight raid made by local fish ermen, who, disregard ine the fact that the pelicans live — almost wholly upon the worth less menhaden taken in the open sea, have shown in recent vears a vreat enmity toward these birds because the voung occasionally, in their early efforts, catch i. few mullet in the In dian River. The brown pelicans ire abundant on thi Mlorida and Gulf coasts. \When going or return

Page 57

43/ GamME-BaG WITH CAMERA SEASON'S NE O SNVOI'Tdd ne AO LHD JNIHOVOUddV CUM

Page 58

NE AZ| GEoGRAPHIC Mac Tue NATIONAL a 438 AVM ANO ada SUaLVM LY INIAW Td GNV ONIHIVA SNVOI'TAd DNNVUA OOOSI LNOUV YJNIOVA TIV “IN DOWOANOS NI YNDIOA MA V HALIM ‘SNVOI'TAd ato ANIA 410 dnOWD)D V oo

Page 59

’s Game-BaG' wITH CAMERA 439 OnE SEASON SHA'TAS WAAL OININAAYd AGNV ONIdAHTS SNVOITHd INNOA AO SdNOUD UM

Page 60

440 Tor Natrionat GEoGRAPHIC MAGAZINE YOUNG PELICAN IN ‘“‘GOOSE-FLESH’” PHASE “a

Page 61

SEASON’ ACANS IN $5! s GaME-BaG WITH CAMERA APPROACHING TILUNDERSTORM LADOW © 441

Page 62

YNOOA XOX HSIA HLIM WHAT NVIGNI OL NVHOO AHL WOU ONIWOD SNVOITAa THe NatrionaL GEoGRAPHIC MAGAZINE 442

Page 63

443 OnE Skason’s GAME-BaG WITH CAMERA (ght uova AUS) QOOl “a Wad \ ‘VdCLNO'T ‘UHAIN XVALTIVH - a -HAOUD AONVUO NI * TVO00O WIVWAA GN\ TV IN UM

Page 64

444 Tue Nationa, GreocraPHic MAGAZINE CATBIRD EATING ORANGE: HALIFAX RIVER, FLORIDA, APRIL I, 1gOS BROWN THRASHER APPROACHING ORANGE (SEE PAGE 440) XUM

Page 65

One Season’s GaMe-BaG wiTH CAMERA 445 ae? : . ” lic ee ce WILD GRAY SOUIRRELS EATING ORANGES, HALIFAX RIVER, FLORIDA, APRIL T, 1gO8 UM

Page 66

44.6 ing from the fishing grounds they usually fly in flocks of from four to ten, in single file, the leader setting the pace and the rest in slow measured strokes flop or sail in unison. The adult, in the breeding season, has a seal-brown head and neck with a vellowish crown, the remainder of the body being silver grav: the young, when half grown, are a soft, snow white, changing to a dull gray brown for the first year. Late in October and on the same day the pelicans of Indian River suddenly assemble from all directions as though controlled by instinct or concerted sig- nals, and a few weeks later are house- keeping on a small island occupied ex- clusively by pelicans for at least seventy- five years. Recently all the mangrove bushes have been broken down or destroyed by the heavy nests, with the result that the peli- can, from a tree-nesting bird, now occu- pies the ground, even though many similar adjoining islands are - well wooded. The breeding season is very pro- longed, lasting until nearly June, with marked evidence of breeding in detach ments, due partly to the small area of the island, the loss of young by high tides or frosts, and perhaps also to the fact that many of these birds raise more than one brood each season. The young are usually three in ber and therefore, unlike the man-o’-war birds and the boobies, are sufficientl) abundant to withstand the ordinary per secution by man, destruction by disease, or the elements. The full-grown young are cannibalistic, swallowing down the newly hatched with evident relish when ever the parent birds of the latter are away for more than a moment or two. Under the wise protection of the Na tional Audubon Society and through the foresight of President Roosevelt in set- num ting aside this island as a government reservation for’ breeding birds, there should be little difficulty in preserving the pelican of Florida from extinction, where now they may be seen daily along four hundred miles of coast, partly fill- ing the gap made by the almost complete THe Nationa, GgeoGrRaPHic MAGAZINE destruction of the egret, the white heron, the flamingo, and the roseate spoonbill, the former victims of a woman’s fashion. SMALL GAME IN A FLORIDA ORANGE GROVE: We have now nearly reached the bot- tom of last season’s game-bag, and in it will be found specimens of bird and ani- mal life more common to the suburbs or the less remote portions of our country. To many of the present readers big-game hunting is bevond their anticipation, and therefore the opportunity to picture at their country homes many local birds and animals is worth reciting, however much the writer's inclination lies in seek- ing game of rarer kind. After leaving the pelicans of Indian River a visit was made to relatives on the Halifax River, one hundred miles farther north, where a big orange grove extended back to heavy timber an? many thickets. No rain having falien for three months, the birds and forest ani- nals were alert for any new sources of water supply. Taking advantage of this, | sank a small wooden pail level with the soil, filled it with water, and by it scat- tered bread crumbs, grain, and oranges cut in twain, while twenty feet away m\ little green canvas tent was_ erected, partly sheltered with palmettoes. In a short while many visitors came, and as the tent was moved closer each day, they feared it not. On the third day I entered the blind for the first time, using my largest lens (14-inch focus). In the total of four hours spent in the tent on different days, | succeeded in get ting photographs of the cardinal (male mocking-bird, cheewink turtle-dove, sand- brown thrasher, field) sparrows, quail (male and female), squirrels, rab- bits, and wood-rats, several of which are here shown approaching or nibbling at the oranges, which above all else were their favorite food and drink. A pair of quail excited my greatest interest, as their appearance was totally unexpected, though I had been hearing their soft spring notes near by for several days. \nd here ends, for the present at least, the tale of a camera’s conquest in the realms of the woods and the waters. female ), and female), and (male dove,

Page 67

MacGneric Survey OF THE PaciFic 44.7 PEARY’S POLAR EXPEDITION HE substantial and exceedingly generous subscription of $10,000 by Mr “enas Crane, of Dalton, Massa- chusetts, to the Peary Polar Expedition will probably enable Commander Peary to go north again in July, 1908. The Roosevelt has been refitted with new boilers and machinery and stocked with sufficient provisions for three vears’ ab- sence. Provided $15,000 additional is subscribed, and we are informed by Commander Peary that he has good hope of obtaining this amount, the ex- pedition will leave New York early in July. Commander Peary will take a second ship as far as Smith Sound to carry extra supplies and coal for the Roosevelt. After embarking his Es- quimo at Etah, Greenland, he plans to force the Roosevelt as far north as the ship attained on his last expedition, and then to winter on the north coast of Grant Land, making his polar dash in the spring of 1909. If Commander Peary can establish his winter’s base for the coming expedition as far north as he had it last time, we have strong reasons for believing that he will succeed in reaching the Pole on the next attempt. His last dash across the ice was unsuccessful largely owing to the rapid current discovered by him setting eastward across the northernmost coast. This current, however, he intends shall help his advance on the present expedi- tion, as he will march in a northwesterly direction instead of aiming straight for the Pole when he leaves land. The cur- rent would then carry him toward the Pole instead of away from it. Readers of this Magazine are referred to the spe- cial map of the North Polar regions and the Arctic number, July, 1907, which shows the route planned by Commander Peary for the present expedition. It would be most unfortunate if suff- cient funds were not forthcoming to en- able Commander Peary to go north once more. He is in the prime of life and has more than twenty vears of success- ful Arctic experience behind him. Mr Zenas Crane merits the cordial approval of all Americans who want to see this great geographical problem solved soon and by an American. MAGNETIC SURVEY OF THE PACIFIC ITH the return of the yacht Gali- lee to San Francisco on May 21, after an absence of nearly three years, a most successful expedition is brought to a close. This yacht was chartered by the Department of Research in Terres- trial Magnetism of the Carnegie Institu- tion of Washington in order to make a magnetic survey of the Pacific Ocean, both in the interest of safe navigation of these waters and of 1 cgnetic science in general. For a fuller statement of the objects of the work and of the results of practical and scientific importance ob- tained, the reader is referred to the ar- ticle by the Director of the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Dr L. A. Bauer, on “The Work in the Pacific Ocean of the Magnetic Survey Yacht Galilee,’ in this Magazine, September, 1907. For the greater part of her lengthy cruise the Galilee was commanded by Mr W. J. Peters, the scientific repre- sentative of the National Geographic Society on the Ziegler Polar Expedition. He has been assisted by the following ob- servers, assigned to him at various times: Messrs J. P. Ault, D. C. Sowers, J. C. Pearson, P. H. Dike, Dr Martyn, and Dr George Peterson. Captain J. T. Hayes, a_ skillful sailing master, had charge of the navigation of the vessel throughout the cruises. Dr Bauer in his various reports accords the highest praise to Mr Peters and his assistants for the very satisfactory and expeditious manner in which the magnetic work was performed. The total length of the cruises exe- cuted in the Pacific Ocean during the period of not quite three vears aggre- gates 65,000 miles, or equivalent to a circumnavigation of the globe two and a half times. The cruises extended from the Pacific to the Asiatic coast and from the Aleutian Islands down to New Zea-

Page 68

44.8 land, almost every prominent port of the islands in the Pacific Ocean having been visited. Though this vessel had no auxiliary power whatsoever, but had to depend entirely upon her sails for motive power, and in spite of the fact that she encoun- tered at times most terrific storms, only one accident befell the party. While at Yokohama the Galilee was blown by a typhoon during the night of August 24, 1906, against the breakwater, such dam- age being sustained that the vessel sank in about fourteen feet of water, the party and crew being obliged to take refuge in the lighthouse on the breakwater and remain there ur’ | the storm had sub- sided. The vessel was, however, at once drydocked and the repairs pushed, so that ten days after the accident she left Yokohama for a 6,000-mile cruise to San Diego, California. Not a single life was lost throughout the entire time. The Galilee is now to be returned to her owners, and it is noted with gratifi- cation that Dr Bauer’s plea for a vessel especially adapted for ocean magnetic work (see article above referred to) has met with success. The Carnegie Insti- tution has undertaken to build a vessel, in the construction of which very little iron will enter. The plans are now being drawn by Mr Henry J. Gielow, naval architect and engineer, of New York, and it is expected that this new vessel, to be called the Carnegie, will be ready in time to resume the ocean magnetic work a year from now, this time in the Atlantic Ocean. THE NORTH AMERICAN INDIAN HE first two volumes of Mr. Ed- ward S. Curtis’ work on the “North American Indian” have ap- peared, Volume I describing the Apache and the Navaho, and Volume II the Pima, Papago, Mohave, Yuma, Mari- copa, Walapai, and Apache Mohave. An advance announcement of this work was given in the July, 1907, number of this Mr Curtis, it will be remem- an ethnological study Magazine. bered, is making and a photographic record of all Indians THe NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE ‘in the United States and Alaska still liy- ing in a primitive state. His illustrations are to appear in twenty quarto volumes, accompanied by twenty portfolics, each containing forty large photogravures. The work possesses great historical and ethnical value, for Mr Curtis describes and pictures the Indians in their every- day life, showing their customs, their games, and ceremonial life in a complete detail never before attempted. The fore- word is by President Roosevelt, while the work is edited by Mr F. W. Hodge. The Apaches, who at present number about 6,000, for the most part live in the White Mountain Reservation of Ari- zona. Though their number probably never exceeded 10,000, they were for many years the scourge of a large region in Arizona and New Mexico. The name “Apache” is one of the most notorious and widely-advertised of Indian names, but very little was known about the inner life and customs of the tribe until Mr Curtis obtained the friendship of their elders, and was by them initiated into many of their traditions and cere- He had the good luck of being monies. in the Apache country when the new “messiah craze’ was at its height in 1906, and gives an interesting account of the religious ecstacy of this primitive folk. At present many of the Apaches are working for the government on the great Salt River irrigation project in Arizona. The Navahoes, who are also described in Volume I, next to the Sioux, are the largest Indian tribe in the United States. They are self-supporting, and own large flocks and herds. They have been the least affected by civilizing influences. Mr Curtis calls the Navaho “the Amer- ican Bedouin,” and says he asks nothing of the government except to be unmo- lested in his pastoral life. The nine tribes treated in Volume I] reside within the limits of Arizona, but extend into the Mexican state of Sonora and into eastern California. The Yuma and the Mohave, whose homes are on the banks of the mighty Colorado, are usually fine specimens

Page 69

Tue Nortu AmErican INDIAN 449 THE APACHE CUM

Page 70

450 Tue Nationa, GreocraPHiIc MAGAZINE ‘opyright by Edward §$. Curtis

Page 71

UM THe Norru American INDIAN 451 JICARILLA—APACHE Photo and copyright by Edward 5. Curtis MAIDEN

Page 72

452 physically, being large boned, strongly built, and clear skinned. Within a short distance of them, in the high altitudes, live the Walapai, of the same family. They are the direct opposite of the river In- dians—hardy mountain types, physically and mentally quick of action, for ‘their rugged mountain home has ever de- manded of them a hard fight for exist- ence. Adjoining them, in Cataract can- yon of the Colorado, are the Havasupai, also of the Yuman family, whose sur- roundings are truly unique. Though they cultivate small patches in their can- yon home, for subsistence they depend much upon the chase, and, like the Wal- apai, are a wiry mountain people. The Maricopa, another Yuman tribe, who have long lived in the valley of the Gila, exhibit the effect of their Colorado river origin, both in physique and in their slowness of thought. The Pima from earliest tradition have dwelt within the Gila drainage in south- ern Arizona. From one point of view they are ideal Indians—industrious, keen of mind, friendly to civilization, and tractable. These various tribes have been broadly termed with the Pueblos, the sedentary Indians of the Southwest. Most of them came early in direct contact with Span- ish missionaries, whose ministrations they received in friendly spirit, vet after more than two centuries of zealous effort little has been accomplished toward sub- stituting the religion of the white man for that of their fathers. True, many are professed adherents of the Christian faith, but only in rare instances has an Indian really abandoned his own gods. As a rule the extent of their Christian- ization has been their willingness to add another god to their pantheon. The Pimas and Yumas and their allies were the builders of those wonderful monuments of the Southwest which in- dicate that a great population formerly lived there, and has since been dispersed. It is very fortunate that a man like Mr Curtis is able to make a historical record of the Indians before they have been obliterated. THe NaTIoNAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE BOOKS RECEIVED Outdoor Pastimes of an American Hunter. By Theodore Roosevelt. New and enlarged edition. Pp. 420. 6%x9% inches. Illus- trated. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons. 1908. $3.00. The California Earthquake of 1906. Edited by David Starr Jordan. Pp. 360. 9 x 6 inches. Illustrated. San Francisco: A. H. Robert- son. 1907. $3.50. California and the Californians. By David Starr Jordan. Pp. 48. 7x5 inches. San Francisco: A. H. Robertson. 1907. $0.75. The Alps of the King-Kern Divide. By David Starr Jordan. Pp. 22. 7x 43% inches. San Francisco: A. H. Robertson. 1907. $0.75. The Mother of California. By Arthur Wal- bridge North. With an introduction by Cyrus C. Adams. Being a historical sketch of the little-known land of Baja, California, from the days of Cortez to the present time, de- picting the ancient missions therein estab- lished, the mines there found, and the phys- ical, social, and political aspects of the country, together with an extensive bibliog- raphy relative to the same. Pp. 169. 6x9 inches. Illustrated. New York: Paul Elder & Co. 1908. $2.00. American Communities and Co-operative Colonies. By William Alfred Hines. Second Pp. 608. 5% x8 inches. Illustrated. Chicago: Charles H. Kerr & Co. 1908. The American Constitution. The national powers, the rights of the states, the liberties of the people. By Frederick Jesup Stimson. Pp. 259. 5% x 73% inches. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons. 1908. Report of the Coast and Geodetic Survey. Showing the progress of the work from July I, 1906, to June 30, 1907. Washington: Gov- ernment Printing Office. 1907. Water Resources of Alabama. By Eugene Allen Smith. Prepared in co-operation with the United States Geological Survey. 1908 In Indian Mexico. A narrative of travel and revision. labor. By David Starr. Pp. 425. 9%x6™% inches. Illustrated. Chicago: Forbes & Co 1908. $5.00. Mexico, with comparisons and conclusions. By A. A. Graham. Pp. 283. 5% x 73% inches. Topeka, Kans.: Crane & Co. 1907. To the Top'of the Continent. Discovery, ex- ploration, and adventure in sub-arctic Alaska. The first ascent of Mount McKinley, 1903 1906. By Fred. A. Cook. Pp. 321. 6%4%x9% inches. Illustrated. New York: Doubleday, Page & Co. 1908. $2.50. Retrieval at Panama. By Lindon W. Bates Pp. 554. 614x9% inches. New York: The Technical Literature Co. 1907.

Page 73

THe Nortru AMERICAN INDIAN Photo and copyright by Edward S. Curtis NESJAJA HATALI: NAVAHO

Page 74

NaTIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE Photo and copyright by Edward S. Curtis LUZI: PAPAGC

Page 75

JM Bocks RECEIVED 455 Panama. A personal record of forty-six years, 1861-1907. By Tracy Robinson. Pp. 282. 534 x 8% inches. Illustrated. New York: The Star and Herald Co. 1907. A Satchel Guide to Europe. For the vacation tourist in Europe. A compact itinerary of the British Isles, Belgium, Holland, Germany and the Rhine, Switzerland, France, Austria, and Italy. By W. J. Rolfe. Pp. 308. 3%x 644 inches. Maps. Boston: Houghton, Miff- lin & Co. 37th edition. 1908. $1.50. Atlas of European History. By Earle W. Dow. Pp. 46. 714 x 1034 inches. Wew York: Henry Holt & Co. 1907. Over-sea Britain. A descriptive record of the geography, the historical, ethnological, and political development and the economic re- sources of the empire. By E. F. Knight. Pp. 324. 534 x 834 inches. Maps. New York: FE. P. Dutton Co. 1907. $2.00. An Englishwoman in the Philippines. By Mrs Campbell Dauncy. Pp. 350. 6 x 9 inches. Illustrated. New York: E. P. Dut- ton & Co. 1906. $3.50. Highways and Byways in Kent. By Walter Jerrold. Pp. 447. 5% x8 inches. Illustrated. New York: Macmillan & Co. 1907. 2 London Parks and Gardens. By Hon. Mrs Evelyn Cecil. Pp. 384. 6%x 10% inches. Illustrated. New York: FE. P. Dutton & Co. 1907. $6.00 net. Seeing England with Uncle John. By Anne Warner. Pp. 492. 734x5% inches. IIlus- trated. New York: The Century Co. 1908. $1.50. Notes Upon the Island of Dominica. (British West Indies.) Containing information for settlers, investors, tourists, naturalists, and others. 3v Symington Grieve. Pp. 126 71%4x5 inches. Illustrated. New York: Macmillan Co. 1906. Ancient Italy. Historical and geographical investigations in Central Italy, Magna Grecia, Sicily. and Sardinia. By Ettore Pais. Trans- lated from the Italian by C. Densmore Cur- tis. Pp. 441. 6%4x9% inches. Illustrated. Chicago: The University Press. 1908. $5.00. Through Italy with Car and Camera. By Dan Fellow Platt. Pp. 486. 6% x9Q inches. Illustrated. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons. 10908. Lands of Summer. Sketches in Italy. Sicily, and Greece. By T. R. Sullivan. Pp. 240. 51%, x 7% inches. Illustrated. ~ Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. 1908. $1.50. Three Weeks in Holland and Belgium. By John U. Higinhotham. Pp. 275. 5x 734 inches. Illustrated. Chicago: The Reilly & Britton Co. 1008. The Tragedy of Russia in Pacific Asia. By Frederick McCormick. 2 volumes. Vol. 1, pp. 435: vol. 2, pp. 479. 6'%4x934 inches Illustrated. New York: Outing Publishing Co. 1907. $6.00 net. The Russian Peasant. By Howard P. Ken- nard. Pp. 302. 734x5% inches. Illustrated. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co. 1908. Leon, Burgos and Salamanca. A historical and descriptive account. By Albert F. Cal- vert. Pp. 151 and 462 illustrations. 734x5% inches. New York: John Lane & Co. 1908. The Soul of Spain. By Havelock Ellis. Pp. 420. 534x9g inches. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. 1908. $2.00. In Korea with Marquis Ito. By George Trumbull Ladd. Pp. 477. 534x8% inches. Part I, A narrative of personal experiences Part II, A critical and historical inquiry. Illustrated. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons. 1908. $2.50. Benares: The Sacred City. Sketches of Hindu life and religion. By E. B. Havell. Pp. 226. 9x6% inches. Illustrated. 1905. Wanderings in Arabia. By Charles M. Doughty. Being an abridgement of “Travels in Arabia Deserts.” 2 volumes. Vol. I, pp. 309; vol. 2, pp. 292. 9x6 inches. Imported. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 1908. Ice-bound Heights of the Mustagh. An ac- count of two seasons of pioneer exploration and high climbing in the Baltistan Himalaya. By Fanny Bullock Workman and William Hunter Workman. Illustrated. Pp. 444. 9% x 6% inches. Imported by Charles Scrib- ner’s Sons. 1908. White Man’s Work in Asia and Africa. A discussion of the main difficulties of the color question. By Leonard Alston. Pp. 136. 51%4x7% inches. New York: Long- mans, Green & Co. 10907. In the Land of Mosques and Minarets. By Francis Miltoun. Pp. 442. 8'4 x 534 inches. Illustrated. Boston: L. C. Page & Co. 1908 $3.00. Today in Palestine. By H. W. Dunning. Pp. 278. 55% x 8% inches. Illustrated. New York: James Pott & Co. 1907. $2.50. From the Niger to the Nile. By Boyd Alex- ander. 2 volumes. Vol. 1, pp. 358; vol. 2, pp. 420. 74%,x9% inches. Illustrated. New York: Longmans, Green & Co. 1907. Doing Over. A tour eastward around the world, January to August, 1906. By F. M. Huschart. Pp. 318. 5'%.x 734 inches. Illus- trated. Cincinnati: The Robert Clarke Co 1907. $2.00 net. From West to East. By Sir Hubert Jerning- ham. Pp. 35%. 6x834 inches. Illustrated New York: E. P. Dutton. 1907. $4.00. Climate. Considered especially in relation t man. By Robert DeCoursey Ward. Pp. 372. 534 x 8% inches. Illustrated with diagrams. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons 1908 $2.00 net.

Page 76

456 The Complete Mountaineer. By George D. Abraham. Pp. 492. 9x6 inches. New York: Doubleday, Page & Co. 1908. $4.80. Race Life of the Aryan Peoples. By Joseph P. Widney. 2 volumes. Volume 1, The Old Abe pp. 347; volume 2, The New World, p. 359. 6x9% inches. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Co. 1907. $4.00. The Mongols. By Jeremiah Curtin. Fore- word by Theodore Roosevelt. Pp. 412. 6% x 934 inches. Boston: Little, Brown & Co. 1908. $3.00. The World’s Peoples. A popular account of their bodily and mental characters, beliefs, traditions, political and social institutions. By A. H. Keane. Pp. 434. 514 x8 inches. Illustrated. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons. 1908. History of Ancient Civilization. By Charles Seignobos. Translated and edited by Arthur Herbert Wilde. With an introduction by James Alton James. Pp. 373. 5%4x7%4 inches. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons. 1900. Worlds in the Making. The evolution of the universe. By Svante Arrhenius. Translated by Dr H. Borns. Pp. 230. 5%x8% inches. New York: Harper & Brothers. 1908. $1.60. The Bird Our Brother. By Olive Thorne Miller. Pp. 331. 5x7% inches. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. 1908. $1.25. Big Game at Sea. By Charles F. Holder. Pp 352. 554 x 8% inches. Illustrated. New York: The Outing Publishing Co. 1908. The Solar System. A study of recent obser- vations. By Charles Lane Poor. Pp. 3io. 534x6% inches. Illustrated. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons. 1908. Astronomy with the Naked Eye. A new geography of the heavens. With descriptions and charts of constellations, stars, and planets. By Garrett P. Serviss.. Pp. 247. 8%x5% inches. New York: Harper & Brothers. 1908. $1.40. Mine Gases and Explosions. Text-book for schools and colleges and for general refer- ence. By J. T. Beard. Pp. 402. 5%4x8 inches. New York: John Wiley & Sons 1908. $3.00. Maury-Simonds Physical Geography. By M. F. Maury. Revised and largely rewritten by Frederic William Simonds. Pp. 347. 7 x 534 inches. Maps and illustrations. New York: American Book Company. $1.20. Life ‘oa Letters of Herbert Spencer. By David Duncan. 2 volumes. Vol. 1, pp. 414; vol. 2, pp. 444. 8% x 534 inches. New York: D. Appleton & Co. 1908. $5.00. THe NaTIoNAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE Three Voyages of a Naturalist. Being an ac- count of many little known islands in three oceans visited by the “Valhalla,” R. Y. S. By M. J. Nicoll. Pp. 246. 834 x6 inches. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons. 1908. Fishes. By David Starr Jordan. Pp. 771. 10%4x7% inches. Illustrated. New York: Henry Holt & Co. 1907. The China or Denny Pheasant in Oregon. With notes on the native grouse of the Pa cific Northwest. By William T. Shaw. Pp. 24. 6%xg inches. Illustrated. Philadel phia: J. B. Lippincott Co. 1908. $1.50. Trees in Nature, Myth and Art. By J. Ernest Phythian. Pp. 302. 544x734 inches. Illus- trated.. Philadelphia: George W. Jacobs & Co. Our Trees. How to know them. By Arthur I. Emerson. With a guide to their recog- nition at any season of the year, and notes on their characteristics, distribution, and cul ture. By Clarence M. Weed. Pp. 295. 10x 734 inches. Illustrated. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co. 1908. $3.00. Trees and Shrubs. Illustrations of little- known ligneous plants. Edited by Charles Sprague Sargent. Vol. 2, Part II. New York: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. 1908. Studies in the Family Orchidacez. Issuing from the Ames Botanical Laboratory, North Easton, Massachusetts. Fascicle II. By Oakes Ames. Pp. 288. 7144 x 10% inches. II- lustrated. New York: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. 1908. $3.00 net. The World’s Commercial Products. A de- scriptive account of the economic plants of the world and their commercial uses. By W. G. Freeman, S. E. Chandler, T. A. Henry, C. E. Jones, and E. H. Wilson. Pp. 391. 11x 834 inches. Illustrated. New York: Ginn & Co. $3.50. Airships, Past and Present. ‘Together with chapters on the use of balloons in connection with meteorology, photography, and the car rier pigeon. By A. Hildebrandt. Translated by W. H. Story. Pp. 361. 6%4x9% inches Illustrated. New York: D. Van Nostrand Co. 1908. Log of the “Laura” in Polar Seas. A hunt ing cruise from Tromso, Norway, to Spits- bergen, the polar ice off East Greenland, and the island of Jan Mayen, in the summer of 1906. By Bettie Fleischmann Holmes. Pp. 137. 7%x11 inches. Illustrated. Chicago: The University Press. 1907. Scientific American Reference Book. Com piled by Albert A. Hopkins and A. Russel} Bond. Pp. 516. 8x 5% inches. New York: Munn & Co. 1906. YUM

Page 77

JM The No. 1A Folding Pocket Kodak Special. Just as good as a camera can be made—so small as to never be in the way. There has never before been so much quality put into so small a camera~—in lens and shutter and mechanical precision it is right. Making the popular 2's x 4% pictures, the camera itself measuring but 2x 3% x 8 inches and with a high speed lens and shutter equipment it fills every requirement of those who demand a perfect combination of convenience and efficiency. No. 1 AF ses Pocket Kodak Special w ith Rapid Rectilinear Lens, spe ed f8 and F. Automatic Shutter, - - $15.00 ALL DEALERS EASTMAN KODAK CO. y lalog o 4 "oda ks Ce . , Py Cole oF aucent fe Rochester, N. Y., The Kodak City. at the dealers or by mail Your courtesy in mentioning the Magazine when writing will be appreciated

Page 78

MAPS O matter who the publisher is, let the author specify “ Matthews-Northrup ” maps. Maps compiled, designed, engraved, and printed for any purpose and showing any desired features. Designing, engraving for black, Prismaprint process for color work, printing and binding. THE MATTHEWS-NORTHRUP WORKS BUFFALO, N. Y. New York Office, Madison Square Garden Tower. Cleveland Office, 517 Citizens Building. ociatio THE HOME OF THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY n organized for “the increase and diffusion of knowledge,”’ with headquarters at Washington, D. C.

Page 79

LIGHTNING WIND STORM The Home Insurance Co. NEW YORK ORGANIZED 1853 ELBRIDGE G. SNOW, President Main Offices: 56 CEDAR STREET CASH CAPITAL, $3,000,000 ASSETS January 1, 1908 $20,862,697 LIABILITIES (Including Capital) ‘ ‘ 13,659,486 keS"RESERVE AS A CONFLAGRATION SURPLUS ‘ : 500,000 kes"NET SURPLUS OVER ALL LIABILITIES AND RESERVES s 6,703,211 tes°SURPLUS AS REGARDS POLICY-HOLDERS i ; ‘ 10,203,211 ; 110,000,000 Losses Paid Since Organization Over , When you pay for protection get that which is ABSOLUTELY SURE, no matter now many conflagrations happen anywhere. Property Owners, Mortgagees, Executors, and Trustees desiring the best and surest -nsurance will appreciate the fact that the net assets of THE HOME~—the surplus funds reserved for the exclusive protection of its policy-holders—are greater than those of any Fire Insurance Company operating in this Country. Canadian Pacific APPEARING JUNE 1 Railway ii. Across the Continent from Ocean to Ocean Through the Canadian Rockies The Grandest Mountain Range on the American Continent The Awakening East x I E | By Cae AS Saree 1 W. P. CRESSON, F. R.G. S. with the MAGNIFICENT ‘‘EMPRESS”’ STEAMSHIPS LIVERPOOL - ‘ p beds The latest book dealing with the march of Two Days on the Majestic St. Lawrence events in the Middle East and the mar- Four Days from Land to Land velous political changes that are transforming this ancient CONNECTING AT VANCOUVER WITH OUR oriental kingdom STEAMSHIP LINES ON THE PACIFIC Shortest and Quickest Routes PRICE, $3.50 ; Ss 5: § lands ” Japan, China, Hawaiian and Fiji a Profusely Illustrated. Octavo. Decorated Cloth Australia, and New Zealand For Pamphlets and All Information . Apply to E. V. SKINNER, A. T. M. J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO., Publishers 458 Broadway .... . New York Washington Square ; . Philadelphia, Pa. Your courtesy in mentioning the Magazine when writing will be appreciated

Page 80

Photographing Wild Ganw With Flashlight and Camera BY Hon. GEORGE SHIRAS, 3rbD A number of the magazine, published July, 1906, containing seventy wonderful pictures of wild animals and birds taken in their natural surroundings. These inter- esting photographs are the result of years of indefatigable effort given the science of wild animal photography by Mr. Shiras, who was the originator of the sport of hunting with the camera. So many requests have been received for this number that a limited extra edition was printed to supply the demand. THE SERIES PRESENTS A SPLENDID OBJECT LESSON FOR CHILDREN IN THE STUDY OF NATURAL HISTORY PREPAID BY MAIL, 50c. ORDER AT ONCE Che National Geographic Magazine WASHINGTON, D. C. The whole horizon of interest—their geography, geology, productions, THE economics, and opportunities PHILIPPINES HAMILTON WRIGHT’S NEW WORK AS THEY ARE A HANDBOOK OF THE PHILIPPINES Contains an amazing array of facts. Maps and illustrations. $1.40; b TODAY mail, $1.55. At ray Poa lg = c. MeCLURG & Ot, Chicas 10,000-—-TYPEWRITTEN LETTERS ——\ $20.00 5,000-—-$12.00 1,000-—-$4.00 Don’t use fac-simile letters when you can get real typewritten ones at such low figures. Send for samples. FRANCIS M. ALFORD & CO., 409 Massachusetts Avenue N. W., Washington, D. C. HENRY ROMEIKE’S BUREAU OF PRESS CUTTINGS 33 UNION SQUARE, NEW YORK EADS every paper of importance published in the United States, and through its European agencies in London, Paris, Berlin, and Vienna every paper of importance published in Europe and the British Colonies. One subscription on any given subject will bring notices from the United States, and if desired, also from the European papers. WRITE FOR TERMS Your courtesy in mentioning the Magazine when writing will be appreciated

Page 81

The National Geographic Magazine Reaches Directly the People Needing the Services of Experts CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS mmm me mere fl / COMBINES DIGNITY j DIRECTNESS AND A MINIMUM OF EXPENSE 6 Ps Fs Pt PP ss OC fy For Terms, Address Advertising Manager NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE Washington, D. C. ENGINEERING EXPERTS—MINING, MECHANICAL, ELECTRICAL, CIVIL Coal Mines and Coal Properties Examined; will also take charge of the development and working of mines in Washington; 19 years’ practical experience in Wash- ington and Canadian coal fields. F. A. HILL, Consulting Engiaeer, 609 Mutual Life Building Seattle, Washington Phone, Main 432; Residence, East 741. H. E. SMITH, Mining Engineer, Box 335, Ft. Smith, Ark. General and Secret Investigations made in the Lead and Zinc Fields of Missouri, Oklahoma, and Arkansas for non-residents. E. M. JONES, 1125 James Bldg., Chattanooga, Tenn., Mining Engineer—reports, plans for development, and supervision of operations of coal properties. NosurVeys made. Experience: Penna. Anthracite Field, Penna., Maryland, W. Va., and Tenn. Soft Coal Fields. STEPHEN E. KIEFFER, M. Am. Soc. C. E. Civil and Hydraulic Engineer. Expert solution of Water Supply and Irrigation Problems in the Arid West and Mexico. First National Bank Building, Berkeley, California. PATENT ATTORNEYS ALEXANDER & DOWELL, Attorneys at Law. Rezgis- oreign Patents. tered Solicitors of United States and | Practice in all United States Courts. 607 Seventh Street Washington, D. C. TUTOR AA — = eee 8 (J a > a / fy q $ — T is the remarkable scope of the New Tessar—its great speed, its light- gathering power, its uniform illumination— that makes it the ideal lens for every class of photography. You can get artistic results with the Bausch & Lomb- Zeiss New Tessar when a lens of less remarkable parts would produce failures. We should be pleased to send you our descriptive circular, which explains fully the New Tessar 1 C, for ultra rapid work, as well as the Complete Tessar Series. PRISM @ Our NAME IS A LITTLE MAGAZINE OF LENS INFORMATION. SEND FOR COPY. ON A PHOTOGRAPHIC LENS, FIELD GLASS, CIENTIPIC OR QUALITY. MICROSCOPE, LABORATORY APPARATI ENGINEERING INSTRUMENT IS \ Bausch & Lomb Optical Co. Ge orge N.S 1egmuller MARK OF Carl Zeiss, Jena Offices: San Francisco HOWARD C. JENNESS, A. B. (Harvard), Tutor, will pre- New York Washington pare boys for the leading colleges, the Naval Academy, Boston London and West Point. Successful experience at Harvard. Chicag« Frankfort Special classes for men wishing to enter The George Washington University on certificate : poe seer 07 ; lelephone. Apt. 41, 1723 G St., Washington, D. C. ROCHESTER, NEW YORK Your courtesy in mentioning the Magazine when writing will be appreciated

Page 82

THREE IN ONE Perfection in a Photographic Lens is possible only when Perfect Computation Perfect Grinding, and Perfect Mounting are combined in the same instrument The most perfect computation does not lead to perfect pictures unless the most perfect mechanical devices are applied in the manufacturing. Highly polished surfaces are of no avail unless they are in absolute accordance with perfect computation. A perfectly computed and perfectly ground and polished lens is not better than a rectilinear when it is carelessly mounted. The triple alliance of perfect computation, perfect grinding, and perfect mount- GOERZ LENSES the high reputation they deservedly earned for themselves C. P. GODERZ AMERICAN OPTICAL COMPANY ing made for the CHICAGO NEW YORK 52 Union Square East 1514 Heyworth Building SAN FRANCISCO 703 Claus Spreckels Building Guaranteed Waterproof Silk Tents G We manufacture a complete line of Tents and Camp Goods for Engineers, Prospectors, and Explorers BRAND ¢ Our goods are of the highest quality and we are prepared to fill all orders promptly. Camp Outfit Manufacturing Co. 144 WATER STREET :: NEW YORK CITY Send for o Catalogue C “Every man and woman should know how to use firearms with safety.”’ — THEODORE The Pistol and Revolver By A. L. A. HIMMELWRIGHT President of United States Revolver Association. HANDY pocket-size volume of 157 pages of practical information covering the entire subject of Pistol and Revolver shooting This work is strictly up-to-date, including the latest developments in smokeless powder; the 1008 Revolver Regulations and Practice of the United States Army, the United States Navy and the National Guard; the Annual Championship Matches and Revised Rules and Regulations of the United States Revolver Association, etc. Be- sides being a useful, practical hand-book for the EXPERIENCED marksman, the work will also prove particularly valuable for BEGINNERS. Contents.—Historical: Arms—Military, Target, Pocket; Ammunition—rim fire, central fire; Sights; Position; Target Shooting; Revolver Practice for the Police; Pistol Shooting for Ladies; Clubs and Ranges; Hints to Beginners; Selection of Arms; Manipulation; Position and Aiming; larwet Practice; Cleaning and Care of Arms; Re- kk yading Ammunition—primers, shells, bullets, powders, reloading. Appendix. \nnual Cham- pionship Matches of the United States Revolver Association, Rules and Regulations governing the matches, etc. Records of the United States Revolver Association. lhe volume is printed on fine coated paper with many illustrations and is bound in three styles: Paper, 60 cents; Cloth, $1.00; Full Morocco, $1.50. Write at once, enclosing remittance, and we Il mail direct. National Geographic Magazine WASHINGTON, D. C. Your courtesy in mentioning the Magazine when writing will be appreciated om . XUM

Page 83

—— WE PRINT THIS MAGAZINE JUDD & DETWEILER, Inc. PRINTERS of BOOKS, CATALOGS Etc. QA SPECIALTY of BRIEFS and RECORDS ese lied — ——— 420-422 Eleventh St. N. W. WASHINGTON, D. C. OUT-OF-TOWN WORK SOLICITED SPRATT’S DOG CAKES Are the Best and Cheapest Send for FREE Catalogue, ‘‘Dog Culture,’’ which contains practical chapters on the feeding, kenneling, and general manage- ment of dogs, also chapters on cats SPRATT’S PATENT (AM.) LTD. . St. Louis, Mo. Cleveland, Ohio Montreal, Can. Newark, N. J. San Francisco, Cal. Boston, Mass.

Page 84

THE WASHINGTON LOAN AND TRUST COMPANY WASHINGTON, D. C. Capital > . : $1,000,000.00 Surplus and Profits ° $750,000.00 INTEREST PAID ON DEPOSITS SUBJECT TO CHECK LOANS MADE ON REAL ESTATE AND COLLATERAL SAFE DEPOSIT BOXES REAL ESTATE DEPARTMENT TRUST DEPARTMENT ACTS AS EXECUTOR, ADMINISTRATOR, TRUSTEE, Etc. LETTERS OF CREDIT AND FOREIGN EXCHANGE JOHN JOY EDSON, President WOODWARD & LOTHROP Importers and Retailers INVITE ATTENTION TO THEIR SELECTIONS AND IMPORTATIONS IN DESIRABLE MERCHANDISE, COMPRISING IN PART Paris and London Millinery, Silks, Velvets, High-class Dress Goods, Ready-to-Wear Outer and Under Garments for Men, Women, Girls, and Boys, Hand-made Paris Lingerie, Bridal Trousseaux, Corsets, Infants’ Outfittings, Hosiery, Laces, Ribbons, Handkerchiefs, Embroideries, Linens, Upholstery Goods, Books, Stationery, Card Engraving; also Paris, Vienna, and Berlin Novelties in Leather and Fancy Goods; Ster- ling Silver Articles, Lamps, Clocks, Bronzes, Cut Glass, China, etc., for Wedding, Birthday, and Anniversary Gifts. Mail Orders Receive Prompt Attention Correspondence Solicited 10TH, 11TH, F, AND G STREETS N. W. WASHINGTON, D. C. e PRESS OF JUDD & DETWSILER, INC., WASHINGTON, D. CG.