The Nation 1887-08-18: Vol 45 Iss 1155

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VOL, XLV.—N¢ 1155 Schools. —— first, by States; second, by ‘ALIFORNIA, San Rafael Vyrss EE, £L. MURISON’S BOAK ; and Day School for Girls. #00 per ye lars on application. Fall term commenves S¢ CONNECTICUT, Lyme. LACK HALL SCHOOL.—A FA: D) and Preparatory School for boys. Thorot struction and careful training. New and enlarged commodations. CHARLES G. BARTLETT, Princely ‘ONNECTICI T, Lyme Werte sali Malena te THE GRISWOLD SCHOOL REO. Oct. 38d. A debghtful, healthful home for girls of allages. Studies include all branches, CONNECTICUT, Middletown. lV ILSON GRAMMAR SCHOOL Reet Preparatory School for Boys. 8500 per For Circular address E. H. WILSON CONNECTICUT, New Haven OFKIN S Gi S¢ —— in Lobo One of oldest Schools in S. Prepares for colleges and Sci School es prepared more boys for Yale t other school. For catalogue address Gt L. Fox, | ‘ONNE Rak New Haven 3 Wall St fis ARTLETTS | W Nott’s sons and Day School for Young will reopen Sept. 21. Circulars sent on applic CONNECTICUT, Pomfret. f é MISSES VINTON’S §S Girls will reopen Thursday, Sept. 20. Niu I ed to ten pupils. For circular, address t M \ CONNECTICUT, Riverside RS. SKELDING'S H : for boys, locate a i I rfr ( “ity on New Haven kk DISTRICT OF CoLCMBIA, Washington, 1212 ar lith St., and 1407 Massachusetts Ave. THE NORWOOD INSTITUT, Select Boarding and Day School for young and little girls. Mr. and Mrs. Wo. D. CABELL, Prir "ILLINOIS, Chicago. TNION COLLEGE OF LA term begins Sept. 21 ! r " BootH. ILLINOIS, Lake Forest VERRY HALL IS A SEMI) College for ladies exch Pr es education, also courses lead tl y Nextterm opens September 14 Ad as Pr ROBERTS or Principal LEVI SEt LLINOIS, Rockford / 06 "AFFORD SEMINARY FOR J \ ladies Full college course. Excellent preparato ment, Superior facilities for m > and art physician. Sargent system of gymnasti \ e Mia 4 MAINE, Augusta ‘TT. CATHARINE’S HAI » School for Girls. The Rt ev. H. A. N y President; the Rev. W. D. Martin, A.M. Prir year opens Sept. 14. Terms, $275 and 3 Srror of teachers. Special advantages r 1 Mus for circular. MARYI _ saltim re, 122 West Frank St + 1D) ¢ DGE VW TH BOARDING AN « Schoo? for ‘Girls Mrs. H. P. LEFE PY This School will reopen on THURSDAY i TEMBER. The course of instruction embr sa t cluded in a thorough Eng sh Education and German languages are practically ¢ R MARYLAND, Raltimore U/ NIVERSIT Y OF MAR YLAWN, / School. Eighteenth annual session 1887. Ad:ress HARtAN.S : MARYLAND, ¢ ee (CAMBRIDGE! ILE SEMINA A healthy, refined ho me Every brane) study conscientiously tauct Languages, M Regular course $200 per year. For catalogu 1. F. Baraut vi MARYLAND, Catonsville ‘TZ. TIMOTHY SENGLISi/ \ nN and German school for y i s TeOD tember 21, 1887 Address Misses eS.) 4 MARY! AND, Ellicott City 1( PIN’ S UA a: ; ¥ S “s Sixth Sesstor 1M l pter r locues, address CH APMAN Ma 4

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"The Nation. A WEEKLY JOURNAL DEVOTED TO

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CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER. BG cskbcnckaccneakeGhgunnadinbenoweheuskavenubees 123 SUMMARY OF THE WEEK’S NEWB........-.0000005 Serres 126 EDITORIAL ARTICLES: The Treasury Policy...... Sraeee eT The Ives Swindle on , ; a soos 128 Technical Education, . Spek paeae aevkes<seedeedap eee SVECIAL CORRESPONDENCE: Agnostino Depretis.. ns ae ee ey kvebanwes About Greek Lexicons eer ~ onus AOE CORRESPONDENCE: The Excav: eons at Sikyon Progress in Uta ieecns What Shalla Saxwuinp Do in’88?..... sik aesewas The Party to Support...... Spates rere: lS a ae Uaikisiaehies ose SO Dr. Ely on Fthical Level Rais me eecbenenayas eek ee CHOTICAL COMERS PRECIMEDES « ..o.o5cccccieccvesccscccseses 134 2. eer apaeeeaareas ensaseawes ete BE. 6 5kctdnesdeakusa sean oecece REVIEWS: Part Third of the New English Dictionary.—IL........ 1 The Great Canadian Railway aweeue coe Recent Text- Books of = gemmatatid ike aka Shores and Alps of Alaska..... Seeeale a Cucumber Chronicles. ... 1 BOOKS OF THE WEEE... ccccccsccccccccvccecs sueeoveessees Ske

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Ee Nation. { Number 1155

Schools. Continued from first page. bad NEW York, New Brighton, Staten Island. (/ncorporated.) bs f. ACSIAN S SCHOCL. A Church school of the highest class for boys. Terms $500. Nine resident masters, from Brown, Lon- don, Oxford, Cambridge, Durham, Edinburgh, and Dub- lin. Apply to Rev. ALFRED G. MORTIMER, B.D., Rector.

NEW York City, Room 72, Bible House. MERICAN KINDERGARTEN NOR- £ mal School Reopens, 25th year, Sept. 14. Special advantages and low terms at East Orange Home and in N. Summer session every year. EMILY M. Cor, Prin., also Ed. of Amer. Kindergarten Mag. and New Material. NEW YORK City, 43 West 39th Street. H, MORSE’'S SCHOOL FOR BOYS Reopens September 29. Until September 15 address is Cotuit, Mass.

New York CIy, 193 East 61st St. j ADAME GIOVANNINI’?S YOUNG Ladies’ Select Family School of Music, Lan guages, Literature, Elocution, and Painting, combined with all the appointme nts of a refined home. Highest testimonials. Terms moderate. Send for circular. New YorK City, 32 and 34 East 57th St. Fe epad PEEBLES AND MISS abel M P- son’s School will reopen Monday, October bs ntil September 1 address all communic ne tng care rf)

J. KENNEDY Top & Co., Bankers, 63 William Street, New York.

NEW Yor«K City, Nos. 6 and 8 Fast 53d St. FY dee S. SYLVANUS REEDS BOARD. ing and Day Sehool for Young Ladies.—The same able staff of Professors and Teachers is retained, with important additions. 24th year begins Oct. 4.

New YORK CIty, 20 20 Fast 127th Street. - HE HARLEM COLLEGIATE S¢ —— for Boys will open its fourth year September Six boarding pupils admitted. Number limited to 30 Ang dents. E. JEANRENAUD., NEW YORK CITY, 20 Central Park, West, at 62d St. / 4N NORMAN INSTITUTE. For young ladies and children (founded 1857), Reopens Sept. 20 in Morgan Mansion, Mme. VAN NorMAN, Principal.

NEW York, Peekskil } ILITARY AC: MDE MY.—COL. CHAS. a J. Wricut, B.S., Dr. JoHN N. TILDEN, Principals.

New York, Poughkeepsie. WIVERVIEW ACADEMY. 52d Year. Prepares thoroughly for College, the Government Academies, and Business. Molitary Drill BIs SBEE &. AMEN, Principals.

NEw YORK, Roe sna : ORT HILL SCHOOL (FOR BO} S) removed from Canandaigua to Rochester, N. Y. For circulars address REV. JAMES HATTRICK LEE, Canandaigua, N. Y. NEW York, Roslyn, Long Island. BEYANT. SCHOOL — A) MILIT: ARY academy of the highest grade, with primary, inter- mediate, and academic departments. One of the finest school properties tn the U. S., in proximity to country- seat - — late William Cullen Bryant. Fall term opens Se pt. CORTELYOU & HInDs, Principals, NEW YORK, Suspension Bridge. Ly” VEAUX COLLEGE.—A Military Boarding School for Boys Ww ILFRED H. Mv NRO, A.M., President.

New York, _ Syn. acuse, RS. CHARLOTTE MAY WILKIN- son’s Home School for Girls.—#1,000 per year. No extras. Only ten pupils. Beautiful and healthful situation on the hills above Syracuse. School year be- gins Sept. 14, 1887. Refers to Hon. Abram S. Hewitt, George Wm. Curtis, Kev. Henry Ward Beecher, Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Hon. Andrew D. White, Louisa May Alcott, James B. Angell, LL.D., Hon. George V. N. Lothrop

NEW YORK, Utica LF ate PIA TT S SCHOOL FOR YOUNG / Ladies.—The next school year begins Wednesday, Sept. 21st, 1887. Applic ations should be made early.

NORTH CAROLINA, Asheville. SHEVILLE MILITARY ACADEMY, S. F VENARLE’ Principal, W. PINCKNEY MASON, Asso. Principal and Comat. For information and catalogue address Principal or Asso. Principal.

Onto, Cincninati,Walnut Hills. | TSS NOURSE WILL REOPEN HER 4 E —_— and French family and day school Sept. 1887. Pupils may take special work or the full course of ‘study fitting for college examinations. PENNSYLVANIA, Bryn Mawr. » Ba YN MA WR COLLEGE.—A COLLEGE for Women, ten miles from Philadelphia. Offers rraduate and undergraduate courses in Sanskrit, Greek, atin, Mathematics, English, French, Old French, Italian, Spanish, German, including Gothic and Old High Ger- man, History, Political Science, Physics, Chemistry, Bi- ology, ine luding Botany, and lectures on Philosophy. Gy minasium, with Dr. Sargent’s ap yparatus complete. Fellowships (value $450) in Greek, Fnelish, Mathematics, History, and Biology. For Program, address as above,

| | | PENNSYLVANIA, Chester. DENNSYLVANIA MILITARY ACA- demy.—2é6th year opens Wed., Sept. 14. A military college with four graduate courses; CIVIL ENGINEER- ING, CHEMISTRY, ARCHITECTURE, and ARTS. Degrees conferred in each, respectively, C. E., Ph.B., B.Ar., and A.B. Preparatery Courses. Instruction in’ all Depart- ments by able Professors. Thorough work in Laborato- ries, Drafting-Room, and Field. Military System second only to that of West Point. Co. THEODORE Hyatt, Pres,

, PENNSYLVANIA, Ogontz. ; ( GONTZ SCHOOL for YOUNG LADIES removed in 1883 from Chestnut St., Phil: aceteh. to Ogontz, the spac see Mager seat of Jay Cooke, will be gin its thirty eighth year lpr mcencnag Sept. 28th. For c — apply to PRINCIPALS, Ogontz, Montgomery Coun ty, Pa. , Principals. Emeritus Principals. Miss FRANCES E. BENNETT, Miss M. L. BONNEY, Miss SYLVIA J. EASTMAN, Miss H. A. DILLAYE. PENNSYLVANIA, Philadelphia, 4112 Spruce St. TSS GORDON’S ENGLISH AND French Boarding and Day School for Young La- dies. Superior musical advantages. Pupils prepared for College. Miss FE. F. GorDon, Principal. Mrs. W. B. HYDE, Associate Principal.

PENNSYLVANIA, Philadelphia, Chestnut Hill. a ” r r -~ ’ NV RS. COMEGYS AND MISS BELL'S i English, French, and “seme Boarding School for Young Ladies reopens Sept. 2 Students prepared for College. —— grounds afford advantages for outdoor exercise. Additional class and recreation-rooms built during the past year. PENNSYLVANIA, Philadelphia, Germantown. ALNUT ANE SCHOOL AND Wellesley P. reparatory (formerly Mme. Cle- ment’s) Boarding and Day School for young ladies. 31st year opens Sept. 21. Academical and College Preparato- ry Courses. For circulars address Miss ADA M. SMITH, Mrs. T. B. RICHARDS, Principals.

PENNSYLVANIA, Philadelphia, 1350 Pine St. jh TSS ANABLE’S BOARDING AND Day School for Young Ladies will reopen Sept. 22,

PENNSYLVANIA, SW arthmore. WARTHMORE COLLEGE.—Opens oth month, 13th. Thirty minutes from Broad St. Sta- tion, Philadelphia. Under the care of Friends, but all others admitted. Full college course for both sexes ; Clas- sical, Scientific, and Literary. Also a Manual Training and a Preparatory School. Healthful location, large grounds, new and extensive buildings and apparatus. For Catalogue and full particulrrs address EDWARD H. MaGILL, LL.D., Pres’t. PENNSYLVANIA, W illiamsport. rf ICKINSON SEMINARY.—A LIVE school for both sexes. Abreast of the age in every respect. Best facilities for thorough instruction in lan- guages, literature, science, mathematics, music, and art. Degrees conferred. Elective courses provided. Large grounds. Commodious buildings. Heated with steam. All modern appliances fcr health and comfort. $183 per year for board, washing, heat, light, and furnished room. Discounts to ministe rs, teachers, and to two from same family. Fall term begins ee 30. Catalogue free. Address 3 Gray, DD, President. RHODE ISL AND, Providence. ‘RIENDS’ SCHOOL FOR BOTH Sexes.—Founded in 1784. A very agreeable home. Thorough instruction in Common English, in Science un- der specialists, in Vocal and Classica! Instrumental Music, and in Art. Most approved preparation for College. Address AUGU STINE JONES, LL, -B., Prin. Sea ERMONT, Bellows Falls. - ‘7. AGNES HALL WILL OPEN SEP-

rn tember 21. Twenty boarders accommodated, Ad- dress Miss JANE HarGoop, Principal.

VIRGINIA, Lexington. | hassgr ghar MILITARY INSTITUTE. The 49th session of this well-known State Insti- tution will open on the 8th September proximo, It pro- vides asystem of thorough military training, a distine tive Academic course of instruction, and fechnical in- struction in the several branches of Applied Science, which enables a graduate in the Academic School to attain to a professional degree as Bachelor of Science or Civil Engineer. These advantages are secured on terms not excreding #36 per month, including clothing in addition to the ordi- nary collegiate necessaries. For Catalogue apply to Gen. FRANCIS H. SMITH, Superintendent.

Viraisia, University of Virginia. TNIVERSIT Y OF VIRGINIA. Founded - by Thos. Jefferson. 64th Session begins October Ist, 1887. Send for catalogue to Secretary of the Faculty. UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA, VA. Teachers, etc. GOOD CHANCE FOR A DELICATE boy.—A gentleman (graduate of Harvard), who is educating his own boys on a farm, would like one or two boys, between ten and thirteen years of age, to educate with them. Address G. L.S., Box 1347, Portsmouth, N. H. A HARVARD GR. ADU. 1TE ( 8) would iL like a position as tutor to one or two pupils. Address

Box 664, Farmingt mn, N. A. A HARVARD GRADUATE, 75 cy 21 experienced in teaching, de sires a position as teac h- er of history. Address P.O, Box 27, Cc ambriage, Mass. YWARLES W. STO! VE, Tutor for Harvard, 68 Chestnut Street, Boston. YOUNG LADY WISHES T0 TEACH he Greek, Latin, and Ancient History in a school in or near Boston Received a certificate at the * Harvard Annex" (’87) for a Four Y ears’ Course of Liberal Study, Address, with aa 6 ulars ), B., 9 Felton St., Cambridge, Mass,

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HERO ae Aug. 18, 1887] Zeachers, etc. YOUNG WOMAN WITH COLL, training andexperience in teaching both lege studies ; ind the common Eng lish branches wishes pri vate pupilsin N.¥. Address Box 8, Hartford, Conn Summe Vv Tutori WNL, te. HOME IN BERLIN ADAPTED TO the needs of three or four young men wishing to stur ty in that city. Address for particulars “ TEACHER care Nation. References given and request ‘School Agencies. JARDEEN’S SCHOOL BULLETIN Agency, Syracuse, N. Y.,may be depended on to furnish suitable teachers, and to inform no others IRIDGE TEACHERS’ AGENCY, 110 Tremont St., Boston, Mass.—College, high and pri vate school work. J. RANSOM BRIDGE, Manager ‘CHERMERHORWN'S TEACHERS Agency. Oldest anu best known in U.S. Establish ed 1855. 7 Fast Lith St., N U he BOSTON TEACHERS AGENCY Supplies Teachers to Schools, Positions to Teach ers. Circular free, E. O, Fisk, 7 Tremont Place, Boston. [ TNION TEACHERS AGENCY, 12 Astor Place, New York City. W. D. Kern, Secre tary. Send for circulars, and list of places filled Professtonal. y~¥ NOCH KNIGHT, ATTORNEY A « Law, specialty of commercial correspondence and colle ctions throughout Maine. Portland, Me IBRARY COMMITTEES CAN SE ~ cure an experienced cataloguer or librarian by ad dressing ** Librarian,”’ 343 Sabatis St., Lewiston, Maine ~ NEW STU J i, COW a 3) Sid jl hale ghey cote. ART SCHOOL Instructors—D. M. BUNKER, K. R. CRANFORD, MERCY A BAiLEY.*,*This well-establisned School opens October 1st. Full courses in Drawing and Painting. Special attention to Life Studies, Portraiture, and Illustrating. Begin at any time. For circulars, address as above F. M. COWLES SJarvi is-Conklin MORTGAGE TRUST CO., KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI, COM FOR 6 vidiccinicdcsetinceses ds $1,000,000 Offers its @ PER CENT. Debenture Bonds of #500, $1, and %5,000, running ten years, to TRUSTEES, GUAR DIANS, and INDIVIDUAL INVESTORS, Secured by first mortgages on real estate worth three times the amount of the loan, and heid by the MERCANTILE TRUST COMPA NY OF NEW YORK, Trustee. Secured also by the entire paid-up capital of 21,000,000, It also offers GUARANTEED SIX PER CENT. first mortgages on Kansas City business property and in proved farms in KANSAS and MISSOURI Call at office or write for full particulars to JARVIS-CONKLIN MORTGAG E TRUST CO New York City, 250 Broadway, Providence, K E, 27 Custom House St Philade iphia, Pa., 144 South 4th St. London, England, #5 Gresham St Brow NV, BROTHERS ©& CO., 59 WALL STREET. BILLS OF EXCHANGE, COMMERCIAL AnD TRAVELLERS’ CREDITS Available in all ist of the World. ~@PENGERIAN > TEEL PENS Are the Best. ~ r ~ ory . Pr. W. CHRISTERN ; 254 Fifth Avenue, between 28th and 29th Sts., New York Importer of Foreign Books, Agent for the leading Parts Publishers, Tauchnitz’s British Authors, Teubner’s Greek and Latin Classics. Catalogue of stock mailed on demand A large assortment always on hand,and new books re ceived from Paris and Leipzig as soon as issued. 7 ’ Germany. PROF. A. FLEISCHMANN, Flidena, Fommern. Tho- rough study of German, Fren *h, and other branches Summer resort for seahs ~> Fine surroundings sie of Riigern, University treifswald. For circulars address PROF. J. M. CROW, Ph.D. G tnnell, lowa. Messrs. George Routledge & Sous ha illustrations by Ross Aranda e My h.M nard, and de Beaun und that they will shortly publist POND ~ hon } 1? SAPPHO,. With 70 istrations by hk le Myrbach, and other French artists These volumes, possessing alike tl ntle s ‘ kindly humor which are tt re hart ire issued fn uniform style heavy paper wit margins; the illustrations, tn the ris ception ana delicacy of ex ition appily «¢ } . the text in their entire syn thy wit Pere Goriot: Scenes from la By HON A \ Translated by Miss Kathari Prescott W paper editior irmingly thhu best manner the erg nx by ‘ Edition limited to SY s. 4 *.* For sale by t x r receiy f e by sher GEORGE ROUTLEDGE & SONS 1 Lafayette | e, New \¥ kK B. Westermann & Co S38 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. FOREIGN and AMERICAN XT ~ LEGES and SCH LS New Pre k received weekly [mpor t f sing ks ties. The italogues of second bar t ~ plied, and orders ther t ‘ rates Foreign pert icals T at lish Dictionary, THIEME R SS ’ “ German-English part, seq v.¢ / . S , ] B , 494, , ~/y dy , VOMC/ WIOCSEUUE r( \ OF EVERY DESCRIPTION WILLIAM R \[EMORIAL TABLETS JENKINS EREDEI \MEEERTOAN PTL, LICK WA i\ i é ive 4 mm An 6 i vi eroft f im i i é ‘ kl . as) f ‘ i torested in ¢ n ines, % i Al term less than r per w k ‘ is s¢ free whi r ra may be forwarded thr Zang rair tiv t I NA BOW \ a —s a TREES, CARA ’ why hye \ yA a) POS “fy 1) 1 \ CLLOTALTN ? ' : KANE & CO, uivertisement continues ugh any responsible ad Rroadway, New York,

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iv The Nation. { Number 1155

ie, wh : ’ “The re spectable and sometimes excellent Scribner & W elford S | translations of Bohws Library have done for reastul es Literature what railroads have done for inter- NEW BOOKS. nal infercourse.”—R, W. Emerson. — ‘© T may say in regard to all manner of books, Bohn’s Publication Series is the usefullest thing Down the Road, or Remiinis- | 1 know.’—Thomas Carlyle. cences of a Gentleman B h ? LI b . 7 y ohn’s' Libraries. Coachman. eA CONTAINING By C. T.S. Birch Reynardson, author of * Sports | STANDARD WORKS of EUROPEAN LITE- and Anecdotes of By gone Day 3.. New edi- RATURE in the ENGLISH LA NGUAGE, tion, with colored illustrations, Demy 5v0, | With Dictionaries and other Books of Reference, : e4 > = ss A £ cloth, $4.50, | Comprising in all Translations from the French, — German, [talian, Spanish, Scandinavian, Anglo-Saxon, Latin, and Greek. ry. | | XN XN ) ze | N . as ie. . | | | | 4 | ) | 4 \ | NS | 4 | | |: \ 687 Volumes, $1.40 or $2 each, with exceptions. 4 44 4% 4 \ 4\J/e RECENT ADDITIONS. RANKE’S HISTORY OF THE LATIN AND TEUTONIC NATIONS. Translated by P.

“The volumes appearing under this title de- serve the suecess which they already have achieved. Broadiy speaking, they reintroduce us fo some masterpieces of literature ina very ° ea aes attractive dress—to be more precise, in all the A. Ashworth, Translator of Dr. Gneist’s ‘ His- glory of clear antique printing, hand-made pa- tory of the English Constitution.’ pe rand cellu eloth bindings. . . » some HEINE'S TRAVEL-PICTURES : including the cases, it should be added, additional value is | Tour in the Harz, Norderney, and Book of conferred upon the work by new Ulustrative pre Ideas, together with the Romantic School. faces and notes.” —TIMEs. Translated by Francis Storr. With Appen- dices and Map. GOETHE’S CORRESPONDENCE WITH ZEL- TER. Selected, Translated, and Edited by A. D. Coleridge, M.A. THE STUDENTS HANDBOOK OF HISTO- Mach volume in Elzevir Svo. Cloth extra, gilt tops. Sold separately at $2.00 ; or in beauti- ful half levant, gilt top, $5.00; or in full calf, 5M $00, THE LAZY MINSTREL. By J. Ashby RICAL GEOLOGY, By A. J. Jukes- priest Browne, B.A., F.G.S., of the Geological SHAKSPERE SONNETS. Edited by Ed- ward Dowden. With a Frontispiece etched by Leo pold Lowenstam, after the * Death Mask.” EIGHTEENTH CENTURY ESSAYS. Selected and Annotated by Austin Dobson. Witha Miniature Frontispiece by R,. Caldecott. ENGLISH LIRICS. FIRDAUSI IN EXILE By Edmund Survey of England and Wales. With nu- merous Diagrams and Illustrations. WERNER’'S TEMPLARS IN CYPRUS. Trans- lated by E, A. M. Lewis. “Werner was a Freemason, and his religious notions re, at the date of his writing this poem, of a theosophice .’'— Preface. PAUSANIAS’S DESCRIPTION OF GREECE. Translated into English, with Notes and In-

Gosse, : ; rg y . dex, by A. R. Shilleto, M.A. 2 vols OLD WORLD IDYLZS. By Austin Dob isk ’ : poe ‘ wei ; HOFFMANN’S TALES. The Serapion Breth- AT THE SIGN OF THE LYRE. By Aus ren, First Portion, containing Thirteen Tales. Translated from the German by Ma- jor A. Ewing. HAUFF'’S TALES. The Caravan—The Sheik of Alexandria—The Inn in the Spessart. Translated by S. Mendel. tin Dobson. BALLADESINBLUE CHINA, By Andrew | Lang. RHYMES A LA MODE, By Andrew Lang. DE QUINCE V’S CONFESSIONS OF AN GOLDSMITH’S WORKS. A New Edition, con- English Oprum Eater. Reprinted from the First Edi taining pieces hitherto uncollected and a Life tion, With Notes of De Quincey’s Conversations, by of the Author, with Notes from Various Richard Woodhouse, and other Additions, Edited by Sources. By J. W. M. Gibbs. 5 vols, Richard Garnett ENGLISH ODES. Selected by Edmund | POSTER'S ESSAY ON THE INFROVEMENT Gosse. With frontispiece on India paper, by Hamo OF TIME. = Together with Notes of Sermons Phornycroft, A.K.A and other Pieces, THE SONNETS OF JOHN MILTON. | CHRISTIAN [CONOGRAPHY ; or, The His- Edited by Mark Pattison. With Portrait after Vertue tory of Christian Art inthe Middle Ages. MILTON'S POETICAL WORKS. 2 vols. By the late A. N. Didron, Translated from otal peptic eh ee 7 ea es ea AD Onn ee the French by E, J. Millington, and com- CHAUCER'S CANTERBURY TALES, pleted, with Additions and Appendices, by LETTERS AND JOURNALS OF JONA M. Stokes. 2 vols., with numerous Illustra- than Swift. Selected and edited, with a Commentary tions. wanes pig centage ton gg TALFOURD'S. LETTERS OF CHARLES LONDON LYRICS. By Frederick Locker. LAMB. With Explanatory Notes. New THE LOVE SONNETS OF PROTEUS. Edition, Revised and Greatly Enlarged by By Wilfrid S. Blunt. W. Carew Hazlitt. 2 vols. INCIENT BALLADS AND LEGENDS \ HAZUITT’S SPIRIT OF THE AGE; or, Con- temporary Portraits. New Edition. By W. C. Hazlitt.

A selection dedicated t Lady Shelley. With a Pre- | BOSWELL’S LIFE OF JOHNSON (Centenary Edition, face by Richard Garnett, and a miniature frontis- | edited by Napier). 6 vols. piece | CERVANTES’ DON QUIXOTE, 2 vols. Translated. OQ. HORAT/ FLACCI OPERA. Edited by | COLERIDGE’S WORKS. 6 vols. FF. W. Cornish, Assistant Master at Eton. With a fron- FAIRHOLT’S COSTUME IN ENGLAND. (Diilon.) 2 vols, ora hie ad si nby L. Alma Tadema, etched by | HUGO'S (VICTOR POEMS. Translated. iptaaglaae emealbl nee cous & 'S DRAMATIC WORKS, 3 vols. ot ane R rrp LOA AY : ae / ABLI . is WK, JSOHA GA} by ern : | PEPYS’ DIARY. 4 vols. remoir A) ustin Son, ane an etche sortralt UTER'S TRV 7 from an unfinished oil sketch by Sir Godfrey Kneller. RICHTER’S LEVANA, - , 7 ’ Dial RICHTER’'S FLOWER, FRUIT, AND 7 IRN PIECES FRENCH LYRICS. Selected and annotated | = — cise hes Slant THOR IECES, uy George Saintsbury. With a miniature frontispiece | 5! INOZA’S CHIEF WORKS. Translated. 2 vols designed and etched by H. G, Glindoni STAUNTON’S CHESS HANDBOOK, t.* The above books will 4 sent (pon receipt of advertised price. New Catalogues of our “ es regular stock, also one devoted to Musical Lite rature, will be matled, if desired, to those interested. New Catalogue of Choice and Rare Books ready. SCRIBNER & WELFORD, 743-745 BROADWAY, N.Y.

READY IMMEDIATELY. A VOLUME OF VERSE BY R. L. STEVENSON. UNDERWOODS. - Author’s Edition. 1 vol., 12mo, gilt top, $1.00, Passages that everybody remembers in his romances and that wonderful little book, ‘A Child’s Garden of Verses,’ have already established Mr. Stevenson in the minds of a multitude of his readers as a poet in the high est meaning of the much-misused word, with a quality which defies description or analysis, and a simplicity and strength and beauty that are bracing air in a time of rondeaux and triolets The present volume—his first collection of verse beyond ‘ A Child's Garden ’—is there- fore likely tohave a welcome of a very rare and cordial kind. Among the poems in its two divisions of English and Scots are some for which it is safe to prophesy the permanence Of masterpieces; but many more, each one of which will have for its readers that indescribable touch and perfect expression of feeling which no one liv ing can equal in its peculiar simplicity and directness. BY THE SAME AUTHOR. . . , . ad r A Child's Garden of Verses. 12mo, gilt top, $1.00. “The charm of the poems lies in their perfect blending of the folly and artlesspess of childhood with quaint con ceit and lively fancy. There is not a line that is not win some with sweet, babyish sense.”’—Chicago Herald, “There is much that is airy, graceful, delicate, and fanciful in this ve lume. The author has realized the fun and fancy of childhood in some directions—especialls the capacity to transform ordinary things into the fit tings of fairy worlds.”"— British Quarterly Revie. The Merry Men, and Other Talesand Fables. 12mo, paper, 50 cents; cloth, $1. Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll AND MR. HYDE. 12mo, paper, 50 cents; cloth, $1.00. Kidnapped. 12mo, paper, 50 cents; cloth, $1.00. Obiter Dicta. First Series. Second Series. By Augustine Birrell. Elzevir 16mo, gilt top, $1.00 each. “These charming papers are written by one who pos sesses a literary sense and judgment and a delicacy, lightness.,and grace of style too rare not to be duly prized.”’ New York Tribune, pres In Ole Virginia, < Mars Chan, aud Other Stories. By Thomas Nelson Page. 12mo, $1.25. “ His stories are told in the simplest and most straight forward manner, and the negro dialect is found quite equal to all their turns of love, pride, auger, pathos, cou rage, hecoism, and grief Phey are quire competeut to found a literature in their line. There is unmistakably the light of genius shining out of them.”’— Brook/yn Eagle. *,* For sale by all booksellers, or sent, post- paid, upon receipt of price, by Charles Scribner’s Sons, 745-745 Broadway, New York.

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mentioned for a place on thie il, we have no doubt that they ean have all the places they want. The Platt Hiscock i combination is perfectly willing to have that ticket con posed of ‘* good men throughout, since there is ve ry littl election. The } work of the com bination will be concentrated upon thi rrospect of its nomi nation and election of a State Senate, Jatt majority in th We doubt if there is a Republi can politician in the State who expects to see the party’s State ticket elected in November. The ‘hopeful tone which they all adopt is Similar to that of j this reply of Senator Knapp of the St. La when lhe was asked by a 77ré/bune reporter if the Repub licans could carry the State: ‘* The answer to that lies in bringing out the vote. If the feel ing on the Presidential question is strong enough to get the voters out, the Labor diver sion will offset the Prohibition vote, eT . my . a ; Similh W1b Che prospect looks CESS The apparently authoritative announcement made by that good Blaine organ, the Rocheste: if) wrat and ( hronide é, that thre Republic it mination for Congressman in place of Sena tor Ilisecock has been settled on James J. Bel den of Syracuse, is extremely interestin: It OW i pl nly a Pl tts ] 1c! | } lo ! men in the old Canal Rin Tilden broke up } one of the leading Which Gov a professional lobbyist, and was one of the most skilful of his species at Albany. found his Sharp testified before the Senate Committee that he paid Belden $65,000, and for what re paid him so an amount, replied: ‘‘ Well, Mr. Belden is © man who don’t stir round for nothing. He That is the most accurate description ever given of Belden, He wasa devoted Blaine man in the last campaign, Jacob Sh irp amony others, services valuable Investigating when asked ison he large expects to make something and has always taken a decp interest in every thing in which he was able to see ‘ various channels ” of usefulness The sober second-thought of Georgia and of the South is making itself felt against the Glenn bill, which the chain- gang any person who teaches white and black The Atlanta y publishes a letter from Mr, Sidney Root, who threatens with children together, Constitution shows much familiarity with the work done by Sorthern benevolence in the education of the negroes, and who says: ‘* Unquestionably mis I be- Mr. Root ‘It will probably takes have been made, but, on the whole, ye 1 lieve substantial good has resulted.” sot the pending Dill: be found that penal legislation is unnecessary. Undoubtedly the State has the right tosay how its appropriation shall be expended, and it seems fome thata simple declaration of the princiy les involved, and a resolution forbidding the pay ment of the public monev to support schools vhere the two races are educated together, will Dr, Atticus G. Hay the well-known Southe of the the bill as unw.se because it is ul be all that is necessary rn Methodist and Woo | man: Slater fund, protests against RECessary The Wation. He thanks God that he ers Whose children attend the negro college knows the white teach he honors them fully as much as he does his own sister, Who is now engaged in missionary work in China. ¢ He says that there are only fourteen Is children in and he thinks scared. white colored schoo in the that Georgia has no He closes with this very pertinent ‘« There isalaw in Georgia against intermarriage—a State, reason to be observation law more violated, ten to one, if not in the let ter, in the reality and spirit of it, than the law avainst mixed schools, f now the Legislature will give us a law placing the parents of mulatto children in the chain - gang, it would he \\ rth vhil ‘ The J ic] SOn ville Tines-l i] the leading Democratic paper o florida, protests against the measure Memphis authority for and the Arauloneche, which speaks with Democracy in Tennessee, e which the Geor says that ‘the censu gislature is everywhere receiving for the serious consideration which it has given to the bill making it a felony to teach a white pupil in : negro school, is well deserved ’ Wha } ‘ } ‘ , y } anat The public have become very much hard 4} De Bias vatcl hive? ened on the sudvject of railroad accidents, bu now and tuecdh one occu OT such peu > ae ine F ‘ I nitud lat everybody stops for a few ’ 4] } : . a moments to retiect upon the mysteries of ite 1d death, and ath to wonder whether he or she will die in bed surrounded by the consolations of religion and human love, or underneath a pil i and in the torture of dt Phe accident timber vouring fiames. on the Peoria and Western Railroad is certainly one of the most horribl that ever happened since railroads were invented Lt Ais: “SO horrible that no words describe it. We can if anybody, for such an awful destruc can shudderinely ask who is to only blame, tion of human life and such desperate wound ing and maiming of men, women, and chi! dren, The testimony taken in the Coroner's inquest does not sustain the theory that the bridge was set on fire by robbers. There was nothing to support that theory in the beginning. If the train had been on time, it would have passed over the bridge in safety, but, being an hour late, the timbers had been so much burn- ed that they could not support the weight of the locomotives. If the fire had been started by robbers, they would have made their ar rangements to suit the case of a train running on schedule time, instead of one an hour date, Moreover, it appears that the only thieves on hand were on the wrecked train, having come along with the excursionists for what could pick up. to be learned. they The origin of the fire is still But the responsibility for hav- ing a pestilent wooden bridge at that place, and having it insufliciently watched at a time liable to when the prairics were burning or consequence Of the be doubtful, burn at any time in protracted drought, can hardly ud Western mceern in the I 12) Che Toledo, Peoria Railroad was a shoddy ec ginning, put to- gether by hook and by crook in the great mania for cheap reads in the period immediately t t after the war. We suspect that little has been done to improve it since It went bankrupt 1873, was reorganized and taken into the { Number 1155 Wabash system, went bankrupt again with Wabash, was taken oat of the Wabash medley and set going on its own account. Probably this aeciae it will bankrupt it the third time, but that will be the least of tbe calamities that l at Piper City. are involved in the slaughte: The government of Washington is again the much discussion, Ever since the experiment of popular suffrage at the national capital broke down, the District of Columbia subject of has been under the control of a board of three commissioners, two of whom are taken from and the third from the regular army. President Cleveland and a half being able to secure as civil life, When Board a vear reorganized the avo. he was most the Lud low, a graduate of West Point, an accomplish " proved fortunate it representative of the army Col, William ed civil engineer, and an official of executive capacity through three years’ service as Chief Engine er of the Water De partment of Philadelphia, re@lection to which position was he had business principles and refused him because run the Depart refused to make it a part f the Republican Ma chine. Col Ludlow natul ihly became the leading spirit of the Commission, and he has discharged his cutie h the same fidelity which caused tl Philadeiphia Press to sa of hin en he was leaviz tliat tv. thiat he was © most efficient and competent olticer the Department has ever had ind that he was ‘thrown overboard because he ts a “ood ottiee rt. and because his © tered strictly on business principles man is pretty sure to institute changes and es tablish reforms which are disagreeable people, and thus to incur criticism ; but a can did examination of the charges brought agai Board of active member, shows that they are the result of him and the which he is the most ignorance and misunderstanding, where less creditable motives may not be suspected. Referring to the recent rejection by the Se- cond Comptroller of the Treasury of an ac count for the purchase of horses for the Secre- tary of War, submitted by Col. Batchelder, as late Depot Quartermaster at Washington, the Evening Star of that city reminds its readers that there is an almost authority between the accounting olticers of the Treasury and the War Department; that Mr. Maynard, as Second Comptroller, was at variance with the Secretary of War in refus- ing to recognize as sound the theory that expenditures ordered by continuous conflict of an account for the Secretary could not be questioned, and that the conflict continues under the new Second Comptroller, Mr. Butler, on the ground, It is ference from this that there exists a hostili- ty between the War Department and the Treasury, or that the correspondence caused same not a correct in- by the holding up ol these accounts differs from that which has been main- tained for many vears between — the Comptrollers and the heads of the various de partments, There is simply friction in our sys- tem. Under all administrations it ble, and it is ol serva is to be regretted that it should be indict tler and Mr. Endicott. now pointed out as an action of want of har mony between Mr,

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Aug. 18, 1887]

q A case In p nt oce Lieut. Jones of the cence in P t rders ace 1 W i he ¢ ‘¥ ife ¢ iil Sl CT ‘ } i ] i st establish t exceeds the ar " i lap ir , y ha Instane¢ I side the approp maki tl necdf SUperiol ‘ r a a 1G iE vw tir ind ft ? till re d t + } , y + | Imiiniste r toe th ar eS Ca is from Treasury Cher e cer lO! ’ son | to INST t { With wp ones eanid and I I l In 1882 the n r t a n int March ihe ( "! n ment \\ } \\ \\ I der } I le 7 or . A ’ =

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12 Nation. [Number 1155 SUMMARY OF THE WEEK’S NEWS. | August 10, to TUESDAY, inclusive. } { Wroneapay, August 16, 1887 DOMESTIC, SECRETARY FarrcniLp on August 10 accepted the offer of the Suffolk Savings Bank of Boston to sell $260,000 registered 415 per cent. bonds at 110 flat. All the other proposals which had been made were rejected, as the rates were not considered favorable. The Secretary of the, Navy on August 15 awarded the contracts for United States cruisers as follows: Cruiser No. 1, the Nev- ark, to Cramp & Sons, for $1,245,000, ac cording to the Department’s plans for the hull and the contractors’ plans for machine- rv; cruiser No. 4 to Cramp & Sons, ac- cording to the contractors’ plans, for $1,350, O00; cruiser No, 5 to the Union Lron Works of San Francisco, the Department's plans for hull and machinery, for $1,428,000, and gunboats Nos. 3 and 4 to N. F. Palmer, jr., & Co. of New York (Roach’s assignees), at $490,000 each, The Secretary of the Interior on August 15 revoked the order of withdrawal of indemnity lands for the benefit of the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad Company, and, in a letter to the Com missioner of the General Land Office, directed that they be restored to settlement under the Pretmption and Homestead Laws. It is estimated that between 25,000,000 and 30,000,- 000 acres are involved in this decision in the of the Atlantic and Pacific Company alone, The order applies also to a number of other railroads. The Commissioner of Indian Affairs has in- terpreted the Indian Severalty Act as a ‘‘ law suflicient to constitute any Indian ‘ born with- in the territorial limits of the United States, who has voluntarily taken up within said limits his residence, separate and apart from any tribe of Indians therein, and has adopted the habits of civilized life,’ a citizen of the United States, ‘entitled to all the rights, privileges, and immunities of such citizens,’ without action on his part.” ‘‘Should any such Indian be denied or refused any of such rights, privi- leges, or immunities,” the Commissioner ex plains, ‘‘he should appeal to the proper courts, In the same manner as it would be necessary for other citizens to do in case of similar refusal ordenial.” This interpretation opens the way for all the educated Indians Who are scattered over the country to be counted as citizens, without forfeiting any of the property rights which they have as mem- bers of tribes. ¥ case A sberiff with a smail posse of men recently weut to the White River Indian Ageney in Colorado, to arrest two Indians who had been indicted for horse-stealing, the White Utes refused to surrender them, and his warriors fired at the sheriff’s men. In the light one Indian was killed. There has been fear of murder and plunder by the Indians since that time. It is reported that in a fight with the Indians on August 9 four Utes were killed. The situation is regarded as threatening, and the Governor of Colorado has ordered State troops to the region where the Indians are, and has asked aid of Gen, Crook. Before the Pacific Railway Commission, in session at San Francisco, Charles F. Crocker, Vice-President of the Southern Pacific Com- pany, and Senater Stanford both refused to say Whether or not the Central Pacific had paid any money for influencing State or national legislation. Inthe United States Circuit Court at San Francisco on August 15, Judge Sawyer issued an order citing Senator Leland Stanford to ap- pear and show cause why he should not be com- pelled to answer questions asked him by the Pacific Railroad Commission in regard to the expenditure of funds for the purpose of in- fhuencing legislation, Chief Colorow of | | afternoon. Having been beaten in the United States Circuit Court for the Eastern District of Vir giniain his long contest for the continued cus tody of ‘* Blind Tom,” the feeble-minded negro pianist, Gen. James N. Bethune, through his attorneys, made a motion in the Supreme Court Chambers in this city August If to vacate the order made in March appointing Mrs, Elise Bethune, widow of Tom’s late manager, cus todian of Tom's person and property. motion was denied. The official returns of the recent Kentucky election give Buckner (Dem.) 17,015 plurality over Bradley (Rep.). The New York State Convention of the Union Labor party at Rochester August 11 nominated candidates for a part of the State offices, and adopted a resolution favoring a pro tective tariff. the Labor party, the larger being the United Labor party, of which Mr. Henry George is a leader. Prominent members of the National Colored Press Association at Louisville, Ky., on August 10, expressed the opinion that ‘he negroes should beindependent in politics of the slavish following of any party. The resolutions adopted denounce theactsof the Legislatures of Indiana, Virginia, Tennessee, and other States making intermar riages a penal offence, while crimes committeu against colored women by white men are over- looked, and call the Glenn bill in the Georgia Legislature unjust. a national organization of colored people to work politically was not favored, but local or- ganizations adapted to the peculiar circum stances of places and people were. The Asso ciation recommended the establishment of a National Bureau of Information to ascertain the extent and nature of lawlessness and mob violence against colored men. Rain fell August 10 in a large part of the area in the Northwestern States where veveta tion had been destroyed by drought, but it came too late to revive the crops. There have been many destructive fires in this region. Much timber and many fences have been de- stroyed, and a few dwellings. On the night of August 10 a train of sixteen ears, filled with excursionists bound for Niaga- ra Falls, was wrecked on the Toledo, Peoria and Warsaw Railroad by running into a burnt wooden bridge near Chatsworth, Ill. More than cighty persons were killed, and at least a hundred more were badly hurt. ‘The bridge was a short one and was burnt from the bot- tom. There was no blaze visible to the en gineer, and the track did not yield until the first engine passed over it. It is probable that it caught on fire from burning grass or from a spark from a locomotive that passed late in the The supposition that it was set on fire by persons who wished to rob the passen- | gers, is not supported by the testimony of the railroad officials and of persons who live near the scene of the wreck, A west-bound express thirty miles east of Tucson, Ariz., August 10, was ditched and the express car robbed by four men of $3,500, The Giant Powder Works at West Berkeley, six miles from San Francisco, blew up August 11. Buildings were shaken and windows broken in San Francisco, and one man was fatally, and ten others were seriously hurt. The handsome Masonic Temple, the Hamil- ton Block, Campbell & Dick’s carpet ware- house, and a number of adjacent tenement- houses in Pittsburgh, all valued at $500,000, were burned on the night of August 12. It is thought that the fire started from a match thrown in a waste-paper basket by a man who was smoking. United States Senator Riddleberger was sen tenced, at Woodstock, Va., August 12, to pay a fine of $25, and to imprisonment for five days, for contempt of court. He was released from jail the same night by a mob, but on the next day voluntarily returned to the cell, The attempt to organize | | The | This is the smaller faction of | At Rockaway Beach August 9, T. 8. Bald- win, @ San Francisco aeronaut, jumped from a balloon at a great height, and came down with the aid of a parachute. He alighted near the shore in a few feet of water. The time of the descent was a tritle over one minute and twen- ty four seconds. In the series of races by the yachts of the New York Yacht Club off the Rhode island and Massachusetts coast, the Volunteer has in every one been the winner. The Scotch yacht Thistle, the new chal- lenger for the America’s cup, arrived at this harbor on the morning of August 16. She left Gourock Bay, Scotland, on July 25, at ten o'clock in the morning, and made the pas. sage to Sandy Hook in twenty one days twen- ty-one hours. The Rev. Dr. Curran, a Catholic priest, re cently filled an appointment ata picnic of the * Anti-Poverty” Society with Dr. McGlynn, and thereby exposed himself to the censure of his ecclesiastical superior, He expressed to Archbishop Corrigan his sorrow that his pre- sence in company with Dr. MeGlynn had been interpreted as favoring contumacy and disre- spect to the Holy See, and be has promised to abstain in future from anything that might give rise to such interpretation, The corner stone of a monument commemo- ¢ative of the Revolutionary battle at Benning- ton, Vt., was laid August 16, with Masonic ceremonies, in the presence of a distinguished | company of persons from Vermont and the adjacent States. The American Association for the Advance- ment of Science held its thirty-sixth annual session in this city August 10-16. A large number of papers was read, among which were one by Prof. Atwater on economy in the use of food, one by Prof. James of the Un.versity of Pennsylvania on the condition of the labor- ing classes, Wherein he opposed the view of Mr. Edward Atkinson that laborers are better paid than formerly, one by Thomas A. Edison about his efforts to produce electricity directly from coal, and one by Mr. Yan Phou Lee on the anti-Chinese law from a Chinese point of view. Among the resolutions adopted was one directing the appointment of a committee to devise methods for obtaining from Con- gress a reduction of the tariff on scientific books and apparatus, The Association will meet next year at Cleveland, O., the fourth Wednesday in August. Funds have been provided for the establish- ment of four or five fellowships at Princeton College for the year 1887-88, the amount of each fellowship being $400 or 8500. Applica- | tions for these may be made by graduates (A. B or B.S.) of Princeton College of not: more than five years’ standing. The Fellows must reside in Princeton during the entire academic year, and engage exclusively in the studies of the departments selected. Mr. George W. Vanderbilt has made ar- raagements to build and equip, at a cost of about $70,000, a branch library for the New York Free Circulating Library. Plans for the structure have already been prepared. This new branch, like the Ottendorfer branch, and that now building by Miss Catharine Bruce, will be under the charge of the main library, John M. Clay, aged sixty-five, died at his stock farm, near Lexington, Ky., August9. He was the only living son of the late Henry Clay, and was a well-known turfman. Gen. Charles Hughes died at Sandy Hill, N. Y., August 10. He was a member of Congress in 1853 and 1854, and was Clerk of the Court of Appeals in 1859, 1860, and 1861. During the war he served Provost-Marshal of Washington District, Mr. Davis Collamore, one of the oldest mer- chants in this city, dicd August 18, Ex-Sena- tor Aaron A. Sargent died at San Francisco August 14. In 1861 he was elected a member of Congress trom California, Hesubsequently served in the Forty first and Forty second Con eresses, and in 1878 entered the United States as

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proclamation wil by the grace of God 1 tl Prince f Bulea i 1 lov 1 peopl hat w SSu of the country. We will With the Constitution, w hh its glory, greatness, and de aiwWavs (0 read l ste t happines Phe proclamat Long live free and inde}

Senate. On March 2, 1882 ih ind there was no reference Neither Purkey nor any of plied to his note asking ¢ r ection The Londo Sf respondent say | et Italy bave sent “Pur Vy wu clining that they consider Ferdinand leg Phe Buiga depends entirely upon Russ the Russian Cha ALT pl has handed t Ww Porte rratnst | nand’s proces Russia expe Purke \ It is reported that A Italy bas informed the Pe will remaim Bulgarian and With the Government tUSS appointment of Ardn Etfendi nussioner to Bulgaria cane Ferdinand appears to b tion of Bul | the breach of the treaty of hasbeen guilty, and that Gern = 1 prove of Prince Ferdinand’s ¢ On August If the H amendments to the Trist ] adopted by the Hlouse of L Argyll warned the Hous present form was an inime the Gladstone Land Act of in the future would lead to

} The most important of

in a victory for Mr. J. T. br an, who received D112 votes, Lord Henry Grosvenor, Libe the last election the Lit ral-| Was successful \ ! Ifenry Grosvenor, the f ist candi S : f

rian inde penael b> } Lif } ui " nd f 4

The ronch { ech « } he ¢ Vise T SIM tir } ] had t ™ ral it oe eeu ’ n i ea rmments

mer thre rer rney OVMos The pr ind t MmoOress Lt We Ar : M t 1 ‘ e f of this mess et? Ve le, the S PX ' f bile I ss |’ (>t x Augus oe o @) nreset pil rides, and re unw 1 LOT, Wi t} he G ‘ i t kre l ‘ ‘ d es s ( f Wy Si B i ee v4 t ther cil ¢ i VW . \ } 1 y 11 il ? ~ hey = on Wo! 1 ‘ ila seXes ‘ anne te : 1> > i D> | e ¥ a \ \

Nation. 1337 ‘ \ \ \ ’ \ \ ; . YN ’ Cit f < \ \ e thro. ead va disse ent. But many s ilets anel \ sf i f f August 2 a { n party had al Ni \ cuses. and placed 7 ‘ Nobles ind Reps 7 - () t ( nea! ill are ( ents of the ishiund f ire of American birth or I Kings (Chamberlain had issued et fter August 1 no debts or = ai . King Kalakaua and the roval house ¢ recognized unless authorized in vy the Chamberlain FH. Hazeltine Lv } < iv { eyX President Gibson bad been ar ‘ ( na rive f forge

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128 The [Number 1155

THE TREASURY POLICY. THe Journal of Commerce criticises the action of the Secre tary of the out of his way,” as it Treasury for ‘‘ going says, ‘‘to relieve the money market by anticipating payments of in- terest not yet due from the Treasury, and offer- ing to purchase a portion of the unmatured debt.” This policy it calls “ assisting the specu lators.” ‘* There was a pressure for money,” it continues, ‘‘ and it is said that a panic in stocks, and possibly in some articles of produce, might have ensued if the Secretary had not come to the relief of the market. This was no doubt the substance of the plea made to him and the reason he would assign for his action.” Then the Journal makes some very proper re flections on the duties of public officers, and especially the duty of the Secretary of the Treasury to keep his hands off the money mar ket and leave speculators of all kinds to their own devices and their deserved fate. If the Secretary were asked to assign any reason for his action, it would, we think, be very different from that Journal of Commerce, Was no pressure for money at the time when he issued his circular. The pressure had come It had been felt when the wheat speculators and the Fidelity It had cul- minated on the 24th of June, when the Manhat- tan Railway speculation failed. The liqui- and gone some time earlier. Bank of Cincinnati succumbed. dation in stocks and produce which fol lowed those disastrous adventures had been concluded, and the money market had resumed its normal tone of Comparative case, before the Secretary took any action whatever. The circular announcing the Treasury pro- gramme was issued on the 5th of August, on which day the quotations for money on call If any ‘‘plea” had been made to the Secretary of the kind imagined by the Journal of Commerce, it would have been manifestly false. were 4 to 5 per cent. It is not probable that he would assign as a reason for his action a state of facts which did not exist. But, of course, he must have had some rea-

gress, the requisitions of the departments, and the receipts of revenue, in order to know what the needs are at any time, and what they will probably be one month, three months, or six For the purposes of public months hence. | discussion we may assume that the average ba lance of ‘‘ good times ””—thc average amount which other Secretaries have kept on hand in fairly prosperous times—would be the proper amount, and that any considerable excess of | accumulation in the Treasury would be an | act | altogether inexcusable if of meddling with the money market, the law afforded any means of escape from it. We remark in passing that the balance kept on hand in the first year of Secretary Manning’s ad- ministration was necessarily larger than is now required, because the public receipts, ow- ing to the depression of trade, were on the | dechne, and it was impossible to tell what imagined by the | In the first place, there | the shrinkage might be. The tide has turned, public receipts are on the rise, the working ba- lance of the Treasury ought to be smaller, and is SO, We have said that the disbursement of sur- plus funds to cancel a matured debt operates upon the money market and upon speculation and all the things that the Jornal of Con merce treats of, exactly as a like disbursement to purchase an unmatured debt. The act in each case isan act of restoration to private business of what belongs to private business, The Government is one branch of the aggre- gate business operations of the country. It has an army, a navy, a post-office, courts, lighthouses, public lands, and a variety of other things to administer, to provide for, and to pay for. It also has a debt, the interest upon which is one of its current expenses. It was never contemplated in law, or in political economy, and still less in the public conceptions, that the branch of business which has charge | of the common defence, the carrying of letters, son, and we look in vain through the long | article in the Journal of Commerce for some | hint or suggestion of it. It is pretty well known to commercial bodies and commercial newspapers that the Treasury Department for many under all administrations, has been using its surplus—the excess of current years, receipts over current disbursements—to redeem the public debt. The bond calls have been as regular as the seasons, varying only as the or- For all pur- poses of meddling with the money markct, «as- sisting speculators, ete., ete., a call of matured bonds is identical with a purchase of unmatured bonds, dinary income and outgo varied. Both serve to keep the Treasury sur- plus down to the requirements of Treasury busi- ness, Both serve to keepthe Treasury out of the rather than in it. So long as the Secretary keeps his balance down money market to his needs, he is not a factor in the money When he accumulates money beyond his needs, he becomes such a factor, and a market pernicious one, If it be asked what his needs are, the answer is) that a trained hody of officials are) Kept in) Government inploy to Compile the appropriations of Con the administration of justice, ete., should draw a hoard of unused capital to itself to be sat upon in time of peace and in a period of aug- menting revenues. No administration could justify itself in the forum of reason in pursu- ing such a policy. Of course every oflicer of the law must find his warrant in the law for what he does. The Secretary of the Treasury has cited the laws which authorize him to purchase portions of the public debt when there is no part of it sub ject to call and redemption at par. One of these laws is mandatory in terms, requiring the Secretary to set his from customs duties the “purchase or payment” of per centum of the public debt each year, counting as debt all bonds in the sinking fund. It may be said that the reason for this law no longer But the law exists, nevertheless, and the word ‘‘ purchase” it as the word ‘* payment.” No Secretary hav- ing the means in his hands to comply with it would dare to overlook or come short of it, un- the bond market had been nered against him as to require an extor- tionate price for his purchases. In such a case he might reasonably postpone action un- for one receipts exists. less so cor til he could lay the facts before Congress and No such case now exists. The Within his authority, ask for advice. Secretary not merely is | tion of natural laws,”

apart a certain portion of | . . . . | is as plainly written in but, failing to exercise it, would be exposed to attack upon legal siderations, “Tt is not wise to interfere with the opera- says the Journal of Precisely so. This is the maxim that the Secretary of the Treasury appears to be acting upon. If there were no otber laws than natural ones, there would neither Treasury nor surplus. <All the money in ex- istence would be in circulation or available for circulation. The establishment of a Trea- sury with the necessary means is the least in- fringement upon natural law compatible with the social state. The accumulation of means not necessary is a glaring interference with natural laws, and one which everybody is interested in putting a stop to. In counteract- ing it as far as possible, the Secretary is in ac cord with public interests and, we are con- vinced, with the overwhelming weight of public opinion. Whatever he may do, some body will find fault with him. If he does no- thing at all, still more will he be blamed. We presume that he made his reckoning with all possible fault-finders when he accepted the oftice which be holds, as well as economical con Commerce, be THE IVES SWINDLE. Tue affairs of the firm of Henry $. Ives & Co have not yet been fully exposed, but sufficient is known to warrant some general reflections upon the state of business which enables an impecunious rascal to get possession of a first- class railroad and within a few months clear out its treasury, overissue its stock to the extent of $10,000,000 or more, and incur liabilities to the amount of $19,000,000, all the air of Oriental romance. The Cincinnati, Hamilton and Dayton Railroad is one of the oldest railroad) corporations in the United States. It dates from the year 1845. Its capital stock was small, its bondcd debt smaller still, and its obligations in the nature of leases and These figures have guarantees very moderate for the mileage ope- rated and the earnings received. It happened that a controlling interest in the stock of the company had been collected together some years ago in a trust, for the purpose of turning its freight business over to one of the New York trunk lines. declared to be illegal and void by the courts of Ohio, The stock thus ‘* bunched ” in’ one holding was accordingly sold, and in some way Ives & Co, got hold of it, paying about $140 per share, borrowing for this purpose all the money except a broker’s margin. How they obtained the margin is not yet entirely clear, but as soon as they got possession of the road they found money and available assets in the treasury sufficient to make good their margins on the original purchase-money and to do many other extraordinary things, which have been from time to time reported in the news- papers. Their aim from the beginning was to exploit the credit of an old-established property well known to investors, in such manner as to work off some millions of bogus securities on the public and retire with the proceeds. In order to accomplish this it became neces This trust was in course of time sary to borrow large sums of money to tide over the interval which must clap-e before the new securities could) be created and brought

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Aug. 18, 1887

Ives was a ittle Street, and altogether of busines the was man Known was known of He had what bad. in been him engaged in an attempt to swindle a number of members of the Stock Exchange by both sell ing and buying a stock which was really non existent, although the formality of striking it from the list of securities dealt in on the Ex change had not been complied with. This } characterless person found little difficulty, however, in borrowing enormous sums of money on ¢ Hateral sec urity. It is much easier for lenders to examine collaterals than to

The and ignoring inquire into the character of borrowers security habit of looking to the the person has become ingrained with most of the large lenders of money. Under no other conditions could Ives have earried on his op at all, ‘hat he was everybody knew. That he known by a rations an adventurer Was a rogue any little in Yet his collaterals were good, or seemed the ired to pave the way for body might have very quiry. money which he the to be. and so lhe rot ré qu greater opera tions that he had in view Now, we atlirm that such a fellow ought not to be able to borrow large sums of money on of collateral whatever, not The banking- house any kind even on Government bonds. rule should be post ed up in every and trust company in Wall Street and in every other Street, ‘‘ Never have any dealings with persons unknown The rule never to have any deal ule ings with a scoundrel is supposed to be in > force in every responsible house, but we feat is not always obeyed if money happens to be The No easy and the collaterals are undoubted. other rule should be as rigidly observed well managed bank would accept a deposit count from a stranger, although the acceptance } of such account puts the bank to no risk except that of forgery, a risk whichit runs more or less every day in the ordinary course of | Still less should I iM one who, if not an entire stranger, is one grade mUSsINess made to loans of money worse, in that any attempt to find bim ou would show him to be a kuave. We are glad to see it stated that District Attorney Martine considers it his duty t icial stitute an ofl inquiry into the perform ances of Henry S. Ives & Co. We believe that he will tind more than suflicient cause for the criminal prosecution of the adventur crs composing that firm. The officers of the and Dayton Compa py o the spiriting Hamilton at Cincinnati, put facts and figures relating t ean him once in ion of th SSESS 1) ears

iting circumstance without the slightest ext of over two millions of cash and ne millions of preferred stock of that corporation. Nor is this all. ¢ sive evidence may be found that Ives has , lis Company. In short, the Distr (th \ N ought to have no ditticulty in securing berths | States for a long term of years for Ives and his aiders | we draw from M. M wud abettors in the State prise t : : ( of this State have jurisdicts h : TECHNICAL EDUCATION \ : s 6 Tue June number of Cons i . Ins v United States embraces a synopsis . ex. S cial report of M. Amedée Marteau . f ' French Government on the industrial progress of Germany during the past ten vears | f Gern \\ I iltention of the Fren 1 es Was | rected to this s t { ves V s - the annoying discovery t G : <8 : have bee nding mark I G 1 increasing quantities frot ey SES arts , onward, so that whereas | \ : witl : «1 est suit Gert ny i \ IS75 eX \ s l ot if i ports hat ¥ by 67,000.01 5 at ther Cont — ; i way ! ches in w i xtent « 7.000.000 franes e year 1881, | she was w Phe Higher Weavir ch ve was showing \ ‘ I SataAple, 1s cess of imports. 7 s nd to its influ Fre ter { tx ba Mu G i e g supplant if many Was prov \ grea r f Nottingham 1 hose 4 j rs exports I it s Si\ \ raduate of tl school, th S in | | {< eX sha of el ent ¢ en of Bost vas ' en 4 , \ s Butw vit ne year after his return home this tlood came pouring into France and unde to command a salary—-we will net mention the selling French houses,and displaying superionty | amount, but it was such as very few lawyers many of the finer products of industry in | or doctors, and still fewer editors, ever attain, which French art had been hitherto unrival- | What this young man had acquired that made led, it became absolutely necessary to discover | his services so yaluable was, in chief, the avili

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180 The Nation. [ Number 1155 ty to take in pieces and put together again any weaving machine for any class of goods of any kind, description, or make in the known world. And this various training can be found, all in one piace, only in Germany. The relative status of the nations of the arth always has been and always will be fixed by their mental and moral acquirements. If Germany has more knowledge than other countries, she will eventually have more trade, more money, and more power, It needs but a slight superiority in any industry to give to the people possessing it the command of all neutral markets. The means of international commu nication are now so rapid and searching that slight advantages tell in a wonderful way. And when these advantages are joined to an enterprising spirit, when the same intelligence that guides the producer inspires the mer- chant also, the highest results are attained in the commercial world. Technical schools, it need scarcely be said, are as various as any other schools, ranging from the primary department, which takes the place of the old and now gencrally abandoned apprenticeship system, to tne Polytechnic or Industrial University, and the special institu tions for special trades, ke the Higher Weav ing School of Chemnitz. How many of all grades taken together have we in the United States ? We call attention to M, Mar- teau’s investigation and conclusions for the pur- pose of moving, if may be, the spirit of emu- lation among Americansin the pursuit of those practical arts in which we are accustomed to think that we excel by nature. Undoubtedly we are an inventive people, but svperdortty in the art of getting a living comes no more by nature than reading and writing come by nature. It cannot be affirmed that we have given too much of our | means and our efforts to what is called liberal education, for Germany excels us there also, | and with good profit to herself, in the stand she | is enabled to take in literature and science. She is the world’s leader in technical educa tion because she was the leaderin hlberal educa tion beforehand, But itis palpably true that we have given too small a share of our means and our thought to industrial training, and that we must take up this subject in serious earnest, and ona large scale, if we would not fall behind our compeers in civilization. AGOSTINO DEPRETIS. ITaLy, July 30. In Agostino Depretis the dynasty of Savoy has lost une of its oldest, most devoted, ever constant champions, United Italy one of its earliest and most pertinacious pioneers, A republican never, a unitarian ever, the difficulties of keeping the revoluuionary horses harnessed to the monarchi- eal car, to prevent them from taking the bit be- tween their teeth, aud to keep the royal charioteer on bis seat, were better understood and more cou- rageously confronted, from his youth upwards to his latest hour, by the man just dead, than by any other statesman who has beep at the helm during the last thirty years. These difficulties, confronting a man of settled convictions, but of most vacillating nature, accustomed to consult all points of the compass, to examine all means conducive to an end, all roads leading to a goal, and, while quite clean-banded in pecuniary trans- actions, not at all scrupulous as to political in- struments, laughing at consistency, proclaiming opportuneness as his guide and law, have render- ed him one of the best abused men in Italy dur- ing the last quarter of the century. While pre- paring the biography of Dr. Agostino Bertani for the press, I have come across a number of let- ters from ** Agostino” to ‘* Agostino” which will cast no small light on the career of the Minister, and at the same time show bow true a friendship between the two patriots endured to the end, al- though Bertani never hesitated in public and in private to admonish and criticise or challenge to single combat the chief of the majority. Mem- ber of the Opposition, captained by Rattazzi in the old subalpine Parliament, Cavour feared De- pretis politically, and personally disliked him, cpposed his election as Deputy, and protested against his nomination as Governor of Brescia when Lombardy was freed from the Austrians in 1859, Yet it was owing to a motion of Depre- tis’s that the organization of the volunteer corps was rendered compatible with the red-tape sys- tem of the Piedmontese army, and Depretis was one of the warmest supporters of Cavour’s loan for fifty millions to prepare for the war against Austria: “Tf | thought,” he said, ** that the war was im- possible or improbable, [ should not support this bill; neither would | vote for the loan if we were only called upon to defend the territory of this state against Austria in the strict sense of the word. But, gentlemen, our Government not only holds alott the tricolor flag, is not onlv the head of material forces, it is the moral government of all the [talian populations, it is the moral head of [taly, the guardian of [talian interests and des- tinies, the centre of Italian hopes. Piedmont has a mission which Italy has recognized and conse- crated; umted Europe cannot prevent ber from accomplishing it; hence, deeming that the Gov- ernment has done well to propose a loan for the national armament, I vote with the Ministry.” This was in March, 1859, When, in 1860, Ca- vour and Massimo d’Azeglio had sequestrated or deviated from their original destination the muskets purchased by national subscription for arming the volunteers to be Jed by Garibaldi to the liberation of Sicily and Naples, Depretis hit upon an ingenious device for outwitting Ca- vour. The Prime Mimister had ordered the Na- tional Guard of Brescia to be armed with 3,000 muskets destined for Garibaldi. Depretis, the Governor, writes to the General the following unpublished letter : ** April 27, 1860,—Dear and illustrious friend : Itis my duty to notify you that the Provincial Couneil of Brescia has to-day decided to purchase the 5,000 muskets sent by the Committee of the ‘millon muskets’ resident in Milan. Thirty franes for each musket will be paid within three months to you or to any person furnished with vour signature. Moreover, 8,000 francs here col- lected and actually inthe Previncial Treasury will be paid to you at once.—With profound es- teem, your most devoted, A, DEPRETIS.” And 98,000 frances were paid out of the Provin- cial Treasury of Brescia for arming the Sicilian volunteers. Cavour, then Minister, found means to secure the resignation of this Governor of the only province which, as a province, had officially supported the then forlorn hope—an offence ag- gravated by the money having been handed over to Garibaldi’s representative, Agostino Bertani, just as the Duce had steamed out of Quarto with his Thousand for Marsala. When the Bourbons had been defeated and driven out of Palermo, Garibaldi wrote to Ber- tani his intention to nominate an able adminis- trator during his absence from Palermo, Ber- tani suggested Depretis. Cavour preferred Va- lerio, and writes to Count Persano : ‘*Depretis was a Mazzinian before and after 1848. Not long since he was in correspondence with Mazzini, and always avoids denying ‘ Tne Prophet’ solemnly and in public. Moreover, ap- parently austere, and despite a certain manner which would seem to indicate resolution of cha- racter, Depretis is undecided and irresolute, and knows ill bow to face unpopularity. He has ta- lent, but is wanting in such political studies as serve to assist a statesman in judging of the op- portuneness of acts cf an international character He would be an excellent executor under a de- cided chief, but will be a very poor director in any great political movement.” Partly right and partly wrong was this ver- dict. Depretis never sought or attained to popu- larity. and Cavour’s repeated injunctions to Per- sano and his other agents in Sicily not to place confidence in him were most unjust ; for when he considered tbat Cavour was right in insisting on the immediate annexation of Sicily, he risked the utmost unpopularity that could befall a man in those days, opposing Garibaldi’s resolve not to annex the island until the Bourbons should be expelled from the Neapolitan kingdom and he with his volunteers in full march on Rome. Be- fore me lie bis original letters to the Dictator, then at the gates of Naples, after his victorious march from Reggio—passionate in their patriot- ism, pathetic in their entrea‘y. ‘* Dearest and most illustrious friend,” commences that of the Ist of September, ‘* God bless your daring enter prise, and keep you safe on sea and shore.” Then he expounds the reasons, which seem to him un- answerable, for immediate annexation to Pied- mont. But to Garibaldi and to his ‘* To Rome and Venice” partisans, annexation would cut away the basis of operations, and his answer is characteristic : ‘‘ Dear Depretis: As for an nexation, it seems to me that Bonaparte may wait a few more days yet; meanwhile, do you get rid of half-a-dozen intriguers, and begin with the two {noted annexationist agents of Cavour].” The fiercest opponent of annexation was Crispi, Home Minister under Depretis in Palermo. His letters reached Guribaldi by the same steamer, containing stringent arguments against annexa- tion, supported by the assertion that the Sicilians only cared for the expulsion of the Bourbons and for the liberation of the whole of Italy: that the annexationist cry was fictitious, raised only to stop the Dictator’s liberating enreer; and that he himself felt it his duty to resign. Letter upon letter followed from veth. Garibaldi summoned his pro-dictator and Minister to Naples, which he had just entered as vi#tor ; listened to their respective arguments and special pleading ; de- cided in favor of Crispi, and accepted the resig nation of Depretis, paying a flying visit to Pa lermo to install the new pro dictator, Mordini. Crispi was decidedly in the right from the revo- lutionary point of view, for the instant Garibaldi consented to the annexation of Naples and Sicily he was compelled to retire to Caprera, bis volun teers disbanded, and the liberation of Rome and Venice was postponed to an indefinite future. As long as Cavour lived, little more was heard of Depretis, but after the death of the great Prime Minister he became the stanch ally of Rattazzi, was Minister, and remained so during the tragedy of Aspromonte. He was, neverthe- less, a steady supporter of Liberal measures, and waged war against the Moderates persevering] for the next fourteen years. then appeared as “the minister of progress,” and in IS78 the ta- mous programme of StradelJa brought him near- er to popularity than he ever came before or afterwards. In the House elected on his plat- form, his majority was tremendous. From it the pillars of the Moderate church had been excluded—Bonghi, Visconti Venosta, Spaventa, and Saint-Bon cnlv succeeded in entering at the double elections. Massari, Broglio, Ruspoli, and the smaller fry did not get inatall. And here Cavour’s judgment proved true. Depretis had not the elements for a leader of men; he seemed frightened at his own power, dismayed by the clamor for tbe actuation of his own liberal pro- gramme. Then an element--whether of strength or weakness we will not decide, but a lessening

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Aug. 18, 1887 ‘The s* of responsibility, blest or cursed by his prece tipitecat iricl t bas not vet cessors—failed him from the outset Kit \ earn l words apply jUALLV We tor was a constitutional monarch up to a certa points that cannot claim the dignity

OlDt, but when he and his Ministers ca t sue tant principles,” but are vet w I | | they e‘ther had to cave in or to 1 mndon worth taking trouble to tind out. Many of one occasion in 1864 he abruptly dismissed then | ts are such as we reasonably expe Nation. Not so King Humbert, who from tl ! nt i st us: but in spit f the great ascended the throne resolved hit fintoat er to which they have attained, they are not del representative King, never passing the boun vet perfect by a great deal. Passow's dary limit or even exercising undue mtluence on — the greatest names in Greek Lexicography, his Ministers. Depretis seems to have felt: hin for all be is so bulky—with his unhandy * H self, consequently, doubly responsible for the = worterbu ‘he frequently leaves us com] safety of the dynasty; but his very anxiety led n th ur i f his prominent him into numerous blunders, every one of which that he s iten credits a word to an auth was ruthlessly expounded and held up to publ itadding a single refere! ind how seorn and disapproval by Crispi. All the prin pointing this is, every one knows whe pal reforms promised at Stradella were effected stuly a word in its connections but they brought no credit to Depretis —** Wi The new Liddell and Scott is in many yx forced them from him,” cried the scattere ! reat rovement on Passow, as is oulv 1 ponents of his majority; but his blunders o1 Any e who reads a Greek play—savy tl tentional sins have all been piled up against m nuor with these two lexicons will sé The African expedition lies at his door; so tl t rity of the English dictionary; tl railway convention, disastrous in a 4 mary f I it would be bald injustice to bl sense, his hostility to France and an almost ser great German for not } ting himsel vile condescension to Germany and Austria, | futur Lanticipating the results of sub vacillating policy towards the Vatican, at scholarshiy Liddell and Seott have 1 evils that will live after him. But in our opinior many instances supplied references, th his tampering with electrons—out-Cavouring Ca tially remedving this grav lefe in | vour in pressure put upon prefects, svndics, | Butt ses are very imerous w and every civil servant to secure his cal tails to get the usage of .1f . Tak didates — has corrupted what moral se ple an exampleas can w eviven. Wh was left in the couotry. And such a de Attic prese word for \ moralized police force as he put together and Yes, but a learner not tind this Wishes to supported has rarely disgraced a civilized un the new Liddell and Seott. He tinds try. But these are evils that can be remedied by xamples of the word, as me oi his successors, and the good he did will not be in two from Euripides and one from Het terred with his bones—the reforms he effected ind these three | to be allin the plu will be associated with his nam It ist early ne from Herodotus rrectly s and yet to forecast the immediate futw Cris} t 1 i *brother and s far is master of the situation, and w Ca l from tt iurrans ent In " yesterday at death’s door and t iny Iv s t t t t : Mg ly better) in his usual health, he would prob “ sf N ’ be Prime Minister without a portfoll In ord t addit i \ nary circumstances the new Ministry, however Plat \\ \ composed, would propose to the Kinga : ’ tion t t! subs tiv tion of the House and an appeal to ti ( t tonsa a but since Crispi’s accession and the King’s s] vor is t i did telegram to the Archbishop of Vet ‘ ! . L\ . t XA dared to suggest that he should refuse his s i is ry . Pposed a st ture to the decree for the abolition of tithes, t vith know ty f i Word as it forth their full st clerical party have at the late municipal elections in Naples, as pr new | t that had t presented it viously at Rome they had signally triu ni . surpris tos y Should they ally themsel and come to the polls at a general elect t ! ling iv . 7 ros

difficult to foresee which party would c it . 5 Gy : s victoricus. That there are fierce vattles t licultv as «3 . ‘ S be fought every one acknowledges, and yp bly W ha t Pass LWAN the party in power will prefer to defer the ! s three-s vears and ten, wa bat until their forces are organized ssor in t Ur ritv of ¢ One merit will ever remain to Depretis ten years of almost uninterrupted nmand f his Y Greek Gt dies without having added a cent to his | ! i \ wmsa | ~ . i? ys . i w as ~ t ales t . i Sev va « i s i” ‘ r ¢ i that ne ‘ : 9 seu anines t! not but wort ‘ ‘ sfort fn rit VV wes it stand for - i that tl s ant, buts t I stl hor fusit ‘ i ‘ Is i iry i The passag I es | ie a tl ne ft I i I ni f WS am, wax e, re 1 totwo } ‘ ruripides, t > { wl has tl perte and the s« i the aorist The printing of the full f w ld be a great gain But to return t tl neanings of az - et The perfect active seems to be hinited t ne of the three meanings The perfect pus sive in the sense declare off, give Pp, is used ersonally in the sense forbid, as indicated by tt hree examples cited above. Let us take another example in which Veitch’s book would be improved by giving the exa form. Under épyagouna: Veitch gives cipyacuae firs Moseot as active, then as passive. One naturally re

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‘ goyagoua, to do, work, till: can the passive be used in any person but the third?” We look up the eight exatnples of eipyaouac as passive and the three for cipyacunv. As we expected, we find no instance of a first or a second person. The com- pound dvepyagoua, in the sense of despatch, kill, may have the tirst or second person used passive- ly; and we find in Euripides &epyagveir’ av. Our grammars are naturally content to give the first person singular of the principal parts of the verbs, regardless of the fact that the meaning of the verb may make it almost impossible that this form should actually occur. Thus, of dpicow and nivw, the forms dpupvynat, Spvxydnv, ANd méromat, érodny are given in all grammars, I suppose, but it does not seem as if these forms could possibly occur, It is easy to see, however, that this opens a wide door for any one who chooses to enter; for some figurative use may allow of the occurrence of seemingly impossible forms; or some com- pound may—as we saw just now in the case of éepyagouar. To find out these points we should need concordances to the various authors, or something like Frohwein’s ‘ Verbum Homericum’ expanded into a thesaurus of the Greek verb, in which should be given not merely those forms that actually occur (and those alone), but also, and what would be of capital importance, the meanings as well—a field upon which Frohwein doos not enter at all. 3ut have we not already a ‘ Thesaurus Grace Linguz’ in eight folio volumes, volume i being in two parts, so as really to give nine heavy tomes? It furnishes us with 20,744 eighty-line columns, not to speak of the pages of addenda et ; corrigenda, nor of over 400 columns of supple- mentary matter of one sort and another, Origi- nally ** constructus” by Henricus Stephanus, and carefully worked over by the Dindorfs, it surely cannot leave very much to be desired. Open it atrandom. Here is BaAAw. Passow gives it three of his seventy-line columns. The new Liddell and Scott devotes a column and a half to it: while the Dindorf-Stephanus goes to the fore with no less than ten columns, and a fraction over for good measure, Or go to the other end of the alphabet, and note the thirty-seven col- umnps headed with the two-letter word os, and the nine columns that treat of pa. Certainly a work built on this gigantic scale must give near- ly all thatis wanted, provided one will patiently read that much Latin to get at what he wishes, and does not find himself hung up on one of the many brackets with which the pages are so thick- ly sprinkled. To supplement the ‘Thesaurus’ let us throw in Schmidt’s ‘Synonomik,’ with its 2,700 large pages, exclusive of indices. That ought to be enough, in all reason. But suppose we try them ou faddw, and pursue the Attic prose usage of this verb. Liddell and Scott, we find, gives only four examples trom Attic prose. Shut it up and try the ‘ Thesaurus.’ Read through the 824 lines on BaddAw, and you find only eighteen ci- tations from Attic prose, not counting one from Plato, of which Stephanus himself says: ‘qui (Pl) suis verbis si usus esset, hac constructione, qua peetica est, abstinuisset”; nor one from Plato Epist. 7, 320, E. Nearly forty-six lines to read for each example from the sources we wish to draw from! Try Schmidt, and see what he promises, When he tells us (vol. iii, p. 125): **Tshallonly give the active constructions, from which the passive constructions can be inferred,” we feel somewhat disappointed, because we have seen that active and passive meanings do not always tally, And, as a matter of fact, it will be found, I think, that BAynvyvac means to be hit or struck (with some- thing thrown), and not ‘to be thrown.” But you will not tind this out from Passow, Liddell and Scott, or from the ‘Thesaurus.’ You begin to think so for yourself after looking up a number . The Nation. of examples of the aorist passive, and finding that a person is the subject m all the examples you can find; but even then, if you had before you ten times as many cases of the aorist passive as you have been able to collect, you might find ex- ceptions to your incipient rule. To proceed: How does one say in Greek to throw sfones—Aisous Bad\Aew? That seems natu- ral, but Aivors BadAew is the real way, certainly in the majority of cases. But we should be glad to know the point accurately, if weean, Liddell and Scott tells us that the accusative of the wea- pon thrown is rare in Homer, and that the dative of the weapon is also used; but the two examples given are both from Homer—not one word about the prose usage. Then follow the words *‘ gene- rally of anything thrown,” followed by such ex amples as ‘‘tocast the filth into the sea” ; ‘to cast the ships against the rocks”; ‘‘to throw (out) the anchor-stones”; ‘‘to cast sleep (dark- ness) upon the eyes.” But not one of these ex- amples is from a prose writer, and so we are again left completely in the dark as to the prose con- struction. For all we know, jir7» may be the word prose writers would use in the above sen- tences. Neither do we learn from Liddell and Scott that throw at, hit, is a prose usage. In fact, it may be given as a general criticism on this excellent lexicon, that in far too many words a knowledge of the usages of Attic prose seems to be assumed. Passow treats us better in re- gard to Baddw, but even his treatment might be made fuller and clearer. The * Thesaurus’ is very frequently disappoint- ing, because it gives under so many of its words such a slim proportion of Attic references. The Greek lexicon of the future has, then, ample scope for improving on any we now possess. When will it appear ? ADDISON HOGE. Correspondence. THE EXCAVATIONS AT SIKYON. To THE EpiToR OF THE NATION: Str: Many of your readers are aware that, dur- ing the past spring, excavations upon the site of the ancient Greek city of Sikyon have been car- ried on under the auspices of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Asa student of the school, and one who had immediate charge of this work, I send you a brief account of these excavations, believing that it will be of interest to all friends of Greek learning and archeology. Sikyonis thesecond classical site upon which the American School has made excavations, Its se- lection was justified by its importance, especially in the history of Greek art, and by the fact that no systematic excavations had ever been made there. It was situated a few miles westward of Corinth, about two miles from the Corinthian Gulf. Writers on Greek history and geography become entiausiastic in describing the situation and surroundings ofthecity. Itlay upona large, level plateau, at the foot of which a plain of great fertility extends down to the blue, sparkling wa- ters of the gulf. Across this rise the peaks of Helikon and Parnassos, On the east the plain is bounded by the bold mass of Acrocorinthos. The landscape is exceedingly beautiful ; and Cur.ius and other writers are no doubt right in supposing that to the exceptional charm of its natural surroundings must be attributed a part of the influences which made Sikyon so famous a home of the arts. Numerous ruins still exist upon the site, con- sisting of the theatre, the stadium; considerable remains of a large brick structure, probably Ro- man baths; many foundations of buildings, aque- ducts cut in the rock, and traces of streets. ‘ | Number 1155 — - 4 There are extensive remains of the wall surround ing the Acropolis, which was constructed by De- metrios Poliorketes. Fragments of columns also are found in and about the churches of the mo- dern village of Vasilika. It was thought best to confine our work mainly to the theatre. Our chief object was to discover its complete plan ; but at the same time we proposed to do some digging on the foundations of other build- ings, since we desired to identify, if possi- ble, some of these structures with the tem- ples or other buildings mentioned by Pausanias in his account of the city, and hoped also to find some artistic remains. But we accomplished lit tle of importance outside of the theatre, finding no inscriptions, and only a piece of marble upon which were the toes of a statue, and an Ionic capital of ordinary stone. The results of our work in connection with the theatre, however, are of great archwological value. It was one of the largest in Greece; the plan of its structure can now for the first time be studied. Dr. Dorpfeld, the distinguished architect of the Ger- man Institute at Athens, who has suggested new theories on the structure of Greek theatres, has shown the greatest interest in the results of its excavation. The plateau upon which Sikyon lay is sepa rated by a rocky declivitvy into two portions, : larger one nearer the gulf and a smaller one in the rear. The theatre was cut ont of this rocky declivity. When we began our excavations, there were to be seen slight traces of the stage foundations of the stone seats, and two large arches, one on each side of the cavea, leading from the outside to the bigher rows of seats. Over the orchestra was a layer of earth, from three to nine feet deep. I will very briefly de- scribe what may be seen now. There are three main walls belonging to the stage foundations. The one nearest the orchestra is about seventy- two feet long and three feet high. At its foot, in front, an ornamental marble border ex tends nearly its entire length. The blocks composing this border have at the ends the masons’ marks, in the form of Greek letters. Upon one of them is one of the inscriptions that we found. This front wall has three doors in it, the middle one being double. It is evidently of Roman construction, being composed of not very large blocks of stone, and having bricks built into it. The second wall is of a different character from the first. It is made of large blocks of stone, well laid, and is without doubt of Greek construction. Its length is about forty-eight feet; its height the same as that of the first wall. It has in it only one door. The third wall is of mixed construec- tion, part being lke the first one and part like the second. It has the same length and height as the second wall. In it are two doors, Atthe distance of about twenty one feet from the east end of the stage a cross-wall] extends bet ween the second and third walls at right angles to them. To determine the form of the orchestra, we dug a trench, which laid bare its boundary. It has an elliptical form; but the ellipse is not a com- plete one. Along half the circumference of the orchestra we dug far enough upward from the orchestra-boundary to Jay bare five rows of seats. There are fourteen stairways extending upward from the orchestra, dividing the seats into fifteen divisions, or kKerhkides, as the Greeks called them. The seats are cut out of the rock. The front row is of more elaborate construction than the rest, each seat having a back and arms, These better seats, however, are not of marble, but of the same ordinary stone as the others. Probably priests and other dignitaries sat in these seats, as in the marble chairs of the Dicnysiac Theatre at Athens. a ee Sr oem ee Re APE, ——— ae Sits ask Dons seas mo seanger me rem Re, eee OT nec gems aoe

Page 15

<9 PPE ig BIE ee amaiaimaaietaiinnse

raiag ystem [ have been elaborate. <A around the orchestra to stone bridges opp site the st in the theatre at Athens, from the centre of the orel and out under the middle Another extends from th: chestra to the one just m places earthen pipes were f served as drains. I have already mention afforded entrance and exi higher rows of seats. These ing, as adding another of Heliemie arches. The Greeks did not construct a came under Roman inthuence mus Anotber arch of Hellem by the Germans at Olympi + Sikvon are not Roman is construction, ‘There is in them n tar or brick. In the dim and the manner of laying exactly like the portions of must be attributed t In addition to the three n structure we found two « ning parallel tothem, Bb be of Roman = constructi column, apparently tn would seem to indicate that wall of a colonnade adorm theatre. {n following up the wa found a structure the nature though it seems to have be what elaborate constructt Back of the columns, ata feet, ils a@.seimici ilar tered walls and ai sn circular mass projects in f! A great number of fragm in would seem to indicat roofed. Both in the front water, On the west side trough having a back like was probably for the us fountain, alsv, earthen water 7 Here our last digging was other foundations appeat at this point would probab! The artistic remains wt of very great value. Ti The arm of a statue of mor of the leg of another statu | draped statue. These were covering the stage. We f

tectural fragments, amon tyle of common stone, a I pieces of lomic and Dor head waterspouts, Lome of blue and rei paint. W per coins having upon th known symbol Sikyon } ber of small earthen lamps two inscriptions, one of

he Gre

1} complete, C rtain ambassad [ relating to h drian period, recording tl various games by one Kall Philothales accompanied by a plan of ~ trations, will appear in t! the American School for ti WAYNE, Micu., August 9, 188

to say in what respect bei \ i t | i ‘ wealele ' 4 l A ws ¥ j be stead l J the high standard | fessed, until now it ~~ 7 s be ww et tter old “spoils” Presidents —?

Page 16

154. The Nation. Yumber 1155 will not say, than what we dreaded in Blaine -himself. A Higgins retained and a Gorman’s influence tolerated rainst the earnest remon- strances of the better friends of the Administra- tion, soldiers dismissed apparently as such, a vir- i i tual ‘‘clean sweep” in the offices rapidly ap proachipg consummation, the President’s own injunction about the political meddling of office-holders a dead letter, the present ‘* work- ing” of the New York Custom-house in defiance of the reform law,and in a way recalling the palmy days of the Republican régime—these things must at least give us pause, and make us ask very seriously whether we can expect any Democrat, as we did Cleveland in 184, to be better than his party, and whether, after all, we must not put up a manof our own, sivorn to the great reform, and ona platform of our own, dis- tinctly different from those of the two great par ties; one which shall speak in no mistakable terms on the other issues, also, of the timne—tariff reform, honest money, anti-centralizazion, ete. That this will mean immediate defeat, is not perhaps a fatal objection, if we can look for ward, presently, to a disintegration of the Re- publican party, like that of the Whig party thir ty years ago, when the poor, despised and oft-de- feated Free-Soilers became the political assignees of the Whigs, and, under a new name, the anti slavery men of all parties rallied to ultimate vic tory. For my own part, I never had a particle of faith in the Democratic party, and having lost nearly all [ had in the Republican, I begin to see no resource open but that of the colored brother who, threatened with the perplexing alternative of *perdition” or ** damnation,” resolved to “ take to the woods.”—lKespectfully yours, H. D. Cat in. BastTrort, Me., August 11, 1887, THE PARTY TO SUPPORT. To THE Eprvor oF THE NATION: Sir: The best and surest evidence of a right- eous cause lies in its simplicity. {t has taken the best part of a lifetime for me to find out the truth of this, so that [no longer judge of a man’s great- ness by his ability to make incomprehensible statements, or of the strength of a party by the number of meaningless principles it professes to endorse, I doubt if one-tenth part of all the newspaper editorials written upon questions of Government policy impress intelligent readers with a single stmple truth that should lie at the root of all such discussion. Let me take up one daily paper as a clear and decided exponent of one set of prin- ciples, and another as defining some other views on the same subject, and out of both we get no thing but a bumiliating sense of our own inea pacity to understand. If we are good, honest partisans, it is quite likely we shall see no other way than to take for granted the conclusions of our party organ, whether understood or not, That this is a necessary experience for the per n of ordinary intelligence I will not believe. How many such voters could have learned from our party leaders what the policy of neutrality should require of the insurgents at the Isthmus of Yet who could fail to know after reading the instructions given our Who of us could judge of the merits of a eattle-owner’s claim Panama some months since { naval commander at the time 7 against the rights of the Indian until a message was sent from Washington that did not al- low of any question? Not many would be expected to fathom the relation of the United States Treasury to every citizen or property-holder ; but we have seen in_ this Democratic Administration a Secretary of the Treasury who could so state the needs and | dangers attendant upon existing conditions that all argument in opposition to his views was stopped, although the power to remedy the evil was not given him. Who of us that had the casting of a vote during a Republican Ad- ministration ever considered its influence, or received guidance that should have helped to secure a purer civil service / Yet who can fail to understand the words of our President in which he has made it clear to all who will under- stand, that each citizen has a duty which is be- yond and independent of his power to control ? There is no discussion needed on all these ques- tions. Noone can question the clearness of the issue. Let us, then, distrust all who make claims upon us for reasons which they only can comprehend. Let us demand in exchange for our votes a principle plainly stated that can be followed and weighed if found wanting in those we uphold, BENJ. SPAULDING, Boston, August 8, 1887, THE REMEDY. To THE EpITOR OF THE NATION: Srr: I have read Gov. Foraker’s reasons for restoring the Republican party to power; the main object of its restored ascendancy being to give to the colored man in the cotton States a chance for a free election and a fair count. There is an evil which demands some sort of remedy. While inthe eight more northerly States of the solid South, that is, in Delaware, Mary- Jand, Virginia, West Virginia, Kentucky, Mis souri, North Carolina, and Tennessee, the votes of the colored men are given according to the voter’s free choice— mainly for the Re- publican party—and are generally counted at least as fairly as in New York or Ohio; there are eight other States, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisi- ana, and Texas, in which the colored man is by pressure of all sorts made not to vote at all, or not according to his choice, or is swindled in the count. To secure bim in his right, to combine against his white neighbors, so that he may raise himself, or some white ally, to power and office, was the leading object of the eight years of Grant’s rule ; but the attempt was a dreary failure, and a second attempt after the Southern whites had governed themselves for twelve years would of course be more futile than the first. Still, it is undoubtedly a great evil that in eight States, or say in great part of eight States, the most funda- mental principle of the Constitution, free suffrage, is openly and defiantly set aside. Many other evils are bred from this parent stem. The only remedy which I can see for it lies with the next caucus of the Democrats in the House of Representatives. If they will read Sam Randall and his followers out of the Demo- cratic party, the negro-suffrage problem is solv- ed once for all. Force the editors of the Atlanta Constitution aud of the New Orleans Democrat- Times into the Republican camp. The Demo- cratic party of the Guif States, which is now a mere white man’s party, being broken up, the colored men will also separate according to their opinions and sentiments. Those working in mines and furnaces will go with the high-tariff men among their betters into the Repub- lican camp; so will the sugar and rice raisers; those who plant cotton or corm will go in for free trade and Democracy Each side will have whites to lead them and to protect them, and neither will find any trouble about getting a fair count. The shotgun policy, tissue ballots, and so forth will not again be heard of. The Democratic losses, if any, in the South would be made up fully in the agricultural Northwest; we should again have two truly ' imbuement of the spirit of educaticnal progress. national parties, as in the days of Jackson and Clay. Carl Schurz tried to bring such a result about in 1872 ; it was too early then ; it is not too early now.— Yours, LN. DB. LOUISVILLE, Ky., August 12, 1887 DR. ELY ON ETHICAL LEVEL-RAISING, To THE EpIToR OF THE NATION: Sir: In the August number of the Forvim, in an article entitled *‘ The Conditions of Industrial Peace,” Prof. Ely says : *‘ Government must raise the ethical level of competition by prohibiting forms of it which degrade a people.” The moral tone of the whole article is pitched in a high key, and deserves the highest commendation so far as it points out the ethical bearings of the industrial problem. But the quotation above given, as well as other passages, indicates that Dr, Ely is under the influence of that ancient and but late- ly revived superstition that Government is an entity, self-supporting and omnipotent in the control of the people. When a law is to be carried into execution, and the mere command of the sheriff is not obeyed, he summons the posse comifafus to his aid ; and if the power of the county will not sustair. him, the law becomes a dead letter unless he gets help from some other county, at the instance of the higher State authority. Law depends for its coercive power upon its reflection of the prevalent sense of right. Substantive law is essentially nothing more than the moral rules, commonly and habitually obeyed by the masses, and which must be enforced against a small re- bellicus minority, in order to prevent consequen- tial injury to the majority. You cannot by law enforce a higher standard of morality than what the masses practise spontaneously. For if it were attempted, for example, to compel every one ‘to do unto others as he would have them do unto him,” the sanction of the law would be wanting, for no penalty is effective which is not backed by the posse conitatus, You can no more create moral energy by legal enactments than you can “by taking thought add one cubit unto his (your) stature.” ments cannot raise ethical levels, for they but voice the habitual morality of the people. If the Govern moral standard of a people is to be raised in any respect, there are but two ways: either by the slow education of the moral sentiment of the peo- ple, or by outside interference. CHRISTOPHER G, TIEDEMAN, UNIVERSITY OF MiIssoURI, COLUMBIA, Mo, CLERICAL COLLEGE PRESIDENTS. To THE EpItoR OF THE NATION: Sir: Just now the trustees of one of the large denominational colleges ot the New England States are in quest of a President. It may not be amiss, therefore, to call attention to the fact that a slow but steady change has been going on in the educational world, and that college profes- sors and college presidents are no longer so freely chosen because of their excellence in what they shall not have to do—preach, but because of their excellence in what they shall have to do—teach, The students of colleges come almost exclu- sively from the secondary schools, and the qualities the teachers of these schools demand in the head of the college to which they send their pupils are nof the ability to preach popular and eloquent sermons, not the mastery of pastoral work and church finance, and not the possibility or probability of a mis- sionary secretary or a bishop; they demand rather the mastery of education as an art anda science, the ability to understand the intellectual and moral impulses of young men, and a thorough

Page 17

Aug. 18, 1887] The NM atiom. Whether he has ‘** Rev.” befere bis name and Lessons in the Us f Englisl by Marv *D.D.” after it, is just as irrelevant a quest is Hvd i ‘Industrial Education. by 1 whether he has one middle name, two middle Seid names, or no middle name at all. In a word Mr. W. M. Griswold, 206 Delaware Av N they merely ask for the application of business Washingt bD. ¢ les as a supplement ¢ principles to the management of ‘ t = bis Continuous f x for September at cht lection of officials who understand the work they pag ta sheet called ** The N st, ot t “ have to do. W.L.@ s h na t has a 1 cla It 1 : ( CON EN ACADEMY Aus by title and aut! \\ s 1] ‘ oneanii _— - | . } SS 1 ra t na ra N FLOOR RUGS tur wie I ter tl t the f Sat } To THE Eptro! pa A > 7 Sir: May I take exception t ne s estion it murder; ¢, that t HON } Tend Ss the admirable letter of ** ML N.S in the Nat roral purpos : that it is w “ of August 11, on the ** Art of House-Furn tit is silly: ha 3M ing” She savs: “Don't have painted with rugs unless you have plenty of servants t I Ltalyv, Russia (scenes laid tiist " keep them in order.” Ihave a house of n I is, Romant Short S . W i than a dozen rooms, in which there are 1 arpets . Thisis verv i is, and covering the whole floor. Inthe entries and or mav be t want ef t ran rovel { we the stairs single widths of carpet are faste ii w is Mr. Griswold savs, is ever asking t dewn—on the stairs with rods and in the passages Drariat Give me a ¢ bnew nov It will lx t with large brass-headed nails, fitted int kets s officials fault if he is pestered any ‘ : | in the floor, Otherwise, bare tloors with 1 That Mr. Griswold’s 1 tifari sery : t everywhere. With by po meansa large ret literary lide al t as widely known as t { \M of servants, | find no difficulty in keeping these should be, we infer from Dr. Al B.S floors in orcer. They are of all kinds—hard ilar ist’ received This lady iw i wood, soft wood stained, and soft w 1 painted 1 sl ) La Salle Street, Cl " . ul Rugs and floors are treated alike. On i week t literary ad irtment of tl t ‘ they are wiped over with a damp clot | t WV ans Work t tl Int Stat { the best thing for the purpose a cotton flannel rN yD Ns next mont t ( bag, wrung out in cold water and tied over a issures us that st has for days had broom, This is done twice a week in entries an lerks searchit ibrari ind cat dining-room., udd es of wom wuthors W

It can readily be seen t this takes r ¢t rocure Mr. Griswold’s * Direct \ to do than it would to sweep the carpets in tt Writers fof both sexes] for the Liter I \ same rooms, and that it removes all the dust, in t United States Dal YW. 3 . stead of stirring it up in tt ur to fa nt Phe ‘ tw SS t furniture, when it would be dusted ! Dros i ves i : floor agan In iny plan tt rnitur lusted i j t first. Once in tw r three months t rugs ar iutbors t . taken out to be shaken, when the floors are tl bY J. BI tr “ roughly washed, still with 1 water, a t : tle of it as possible This treatment, with 4 tion a . ‘ W ‘ i I am anxious to it « < se ft , { Hulbert t fy t ntl i heads t : t | D, C. Heath & Co. publish directly a t i nterest itu structed agents tion of ‘Notes on the Early Training I I gs of t \ rican Ant tical work dren,’ by Mrs. Frank Mallesor Prof. Meik S tv at its A : t n Bost ‘ i the Societ I John’s * English Language: [ts Grammar, His shed \v $. part 4 of the New Series), possess en printed as and Literature °; Meissner’s * German Granu in unusual degr f interest, es ally for edu \ photogravure after a spirited | revised by Prof. Edward 3S. Joy: ators Mr. Andrew MeF. Davis reveals a cur Antoinette, made by an

I j ha

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136 was about the age of twenty, and given to the South Kensington Museum as part of the Jones bequest, is the most noticeable feature of the Portfolio for July (Macmillan). In the Augugt number there are some good water effects in the etching of ‘‘A Banffshire Harbor” by Colin Hunter; and the photogravure after a landscape by a contemporary Italian artist, Costa, fully contirms the interest excited in him by Miss Cart- wright’s article in his praise. I, Art (Macmillan) for July 1 and 15 is wholly, for June 15 in part, given up to the Salon ; but the earliest issue is specially attractive by reason of M. Adolphe Jullien’s sarcastic review of the first (and only) performance of ** Lohengrin” in Paris, in the heat caused by the unfortunate Pagny incident. M. Jullin (whose portrait, by the way, is etched for the same number) is confi- dent that no such interval will elapse between the first and second performances of this ‘ re- mantic opera” as between those of Hugo's ‘* Le It seems a mode of placating the chauvinism of L’Art’s readers to reproduce so many Wagner caricatures as M. Jullien does in connection with this article, but they are all credited to his recent work on Wagner, and so serve as a helpful advertisment. The Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale of Florence has just acquired the archives of Lenari & Co., managers of many Italian theatres at Florence, Venice, and elsewhere in the years 1822-1844. The collection is rich in autographs ot the greatest artistic celebrities of the peninsula—ac tors, authors, musicians, etc., and has great value as a source for the history of the modern drama in Italy. From the Italian Ministry of Public Instruc- tion we have part 6 of the catalogue of the Codici Palatini in the above hbrary. Like its predeces- sors, it offers capital browsing for the imagina- tion by its first lines of rime varie. The Nuova Anto’ogia for July 1 contains the first part of an article by G. Chiarini on * Ko- meo and Juliet.” After speaking of several stories on this subject, the author investigates at length the relation of Shakspere’s play to the ** Adriana” of Luigi Grotto, called ‘* I! Cieco d’Adria,” and concludes that the imitations of this play by Shakspere, taken one by one, appear very contestable, and therefore of little value, but, taken all together, seem to have some 1m- portance, and leave the impression that the ** Adriana ” was at least known to Shakspere. Roi s’amuse,.”” —The last number of the American Journal of | Mathematics, which appeared in June last, com- pletes the ninth volume. In anticipation of their arrangements for the tenth volume, we desire to make one or two suggestions to the editors. For the benefit of such of our readers as may be pro fessional mathematicians, or such amateurs as are able and inclined to devote a good deal of time to the higher branches of the science —and it is only to such that the Journal woull be of any use or interest—we will make a little expla nation in regard to its eharacter. In the first place, the Journal is ‘‘ American” only in so far as that adjective is justified by the fact that its editors, Profs. Neweomb and Craig, are Ameri- cans, and by the fact that it is published under the auspices of an American university. Neither are all—perhaps not even a majority—of its con- tributors Americans. It is eminently cosmo- politan, and continually publishes, in the lan- guages of their authors, papers written by the most distinguished mathematicians of France, Germany, and Italy. But it must be understood that none of these were copied from foreign jour- nals; they were all prepared especially for its pages. In the next place, itis not a ‘ journal” in the ordinary sense of the word. It does not pretend to keep its readers informed of what is The Nation. going on in the mathematical world. Now and then, of course, a recent event is mentioned by way of introduction to a paper, or incidentally in the course of it. Beyond this, all that can be in- ferred from its pages 1s, that some distinguished mathematician, or some person of ability, has recently been engaged in writing what we are reading. It is wholly made up of original papers, some of them rising to the dignity of extended treatises, sometimes handling perhaps a single formula; but almost always having a flavor of originality and an air of completeness and tho- roughness. —The number before us is a good example of the general character of the jouraal. Its first fifty six pages are occupied with the continua- tion of the lectures on reciprocants by Prof. Syl- vester of the University of Oxford. He promises to finish them in a future number. Should his concluding lectures be of the average length of those which have so far been published in the Journal, the whole will be equivalent to a vo- lume of about two hundred and fifty quarto pages, will constitute a work in advance of any- thing that has yet appeared, and will probably for some time be elsewhere inaccessible. The next paper, twenty eight pages in length, is in the French language —‘* Sur une Classe de Nom written by M. Maurice @Ocagne, Ingénieur des Ponts et Chaussées, at Rochefort-& Mer, France. To those whose ma- thematical acquirements enable them to under- stand it, it cannot fail to be of great interest. It not only exhibits a high order of ability, but a wonderful amount of mathematical ingenuity. Then we have, also in French, extracts from let ters to the editor by M. Hermite, one of the first mathematicians of France. There is, however, bres Remarquables, nothing epistolary in their style or character. Tbey treat certain formule in a rigid mathe- matical manner. Lastly, in a little over a page, that rising mathematician, Mr. F. Franklin, gives two new proofs of a celebrated theorem of Cau- chy. And now for the suggestions to the editors. We would propose that the tenth volume should, if possible, be complete in itself, commencing no- thing which it leaves unfinished, leaving nothing to be finished in some succeeding volume. The first ten volumes of the Journal would thus form a ‘‘set” complete in itself, an] 1t would enable the editors to carry out our second suggestion, which is that the tenth volume should be accom- panied by an index, as complete as possible, to the whole Journal, up to and ineluding that vo- lume. We have, in our own experience, fre- quently felt the need of such an index. That need Will become more and more pressing as the years go by, for we take it for granted that the Journal has a long career before it. The first ten volumes will comprise nearly four thousand quarto pages; that is surely enough to call for some guide through the maze. What sort of an index should be prepared, is a question which we cannot discuss in the limits of a‘note. We have called the attention of the editors to the matter now, at the conclusion of the ninth volume, in order tbat they may, should the suggestion meet their approbation, have ample time to fix its plan and carry out its construction. —One of our best-known schools, and most esteemed, the Troy Rensselaer Polytechnic In- stitute, has been for sixty-one years turning out men trained to civil engineering in particular. Nine hundred is the total number of the gradu ates, and more than half as many again have studied at the Institute without graduating. These figures we derive from the large volume called a ‘ Biographical Record of the Officers and Graduates’ of the Institute (1824-1886), ed- ited by Herbert B, Nason (Troy: Wm. H. Young). The stimulus to this labor of love, pursued under | | [Number 1155 exceptional difficulties, was furnisbed by Sibley’s ‘Harvard Biographies, and works of a similar character ; and, in conception and execution, ft is worthy to rank with its forerunners, though from the nature of the case it cannot compete with them in literary interest. Nota few of the alumni have achieved distinction: and when we name the late S. Wells Williams, and Fitzedward Hall, it will be seen that fame has sometimes been wen in other fields than those directly con- templated by the school’s teaching. Various causes, like the overcrowding of the profession, the rebellion, and the abounding opportunities for enterprise in this country, have operated on one-half of the graduates, to draw them from engineering and manufactures and turn them to all sorts of avocations. In the civil war the talents fostered by the Institute were employed on both sides. One graduate was made a brig: dier-general in the Bulgarian army, while sery- ing as war correspondent for the English press. Three Japanese have carried home engineering knowledge and skill which they were able to put to good account. Among the benefactors of the Institute the name of one woman is conspicuous; but most significant among the recorded par- ticulars of the school’s management is the fact that the first four presidents were clergymen — a kind of headship which would now seem de- cidedly inappropriate. The fifth was a great iron manufacturer, the sixth a physician, and the seventha railroad lawyer. We congratulate the Institute on having such a hold on the affec- tions of its graduates as to receive the tribute of this memorial volume, —Amos Eaton, the botanist, whose name by good right stands first on the list of professors at the Rensselaer Institute, had, through his lectures, a happy influence on Mary Lyon, the future founder of Mount Holyoke Seminary. The Trustees of this institution have just published a history of it during its first half-century--1857- IS87—edited in excellent taste by Mrs. Sarah D. Locke Stow. Less famous now than it was to the generation nearer its birth, the Seminary has even been overshadowed by its own imitators, like Wellesley College, for instance; but mate- rially it is better equipped than ever, and appa- rently has lost nothing of the religious character impressed upon it by Mary Lyon, and has acqnir- ed no bias towards (Evangelical) sectarianism. A graduate of 1872, herself emancipated from the narrowness she brought to the Seminary, says: *Qur little school-world maintained a thorough- going Christianity on a non-denominational ba- sis.” In its beginnings, if Mount Holyoke’s best friends were found among certain of the clergy, so also its opponents were pointedly clerical, in- cluding editors of the religious press. Sexual considerations here came into play, at a time when the Massachusetts Congregationalists were trying to suppress the speaking of women in pub- lic, asin the case of the Grimké sisters. In 1835, at a private meeting of ministers and laymen favorable to her enterprise, Miss Lyon and two female associates were graciously allowed to be present, as *‘ they [the men] thought there could be no impropriety in admitting us to hear what was said,” It was not till ISS4 that a woman was placed on the Board of Trustees, The opening chapter, on early New England education (or non-education) of Women, isa very instructive re- view, and wlll surprise most readers. Equal care for girls in the common schools and in endowed academies was first exhibited about 1820. Till IS28 (not 1822, as stated), even in Boston, girls were allowed only a summer schooling, while their brothers had their holiday, Of the 2,000 graduates of Mount Holyoke a significant con- tingent has reinforced the corys of missionaries, domestic and foreign, and a very large propor-

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Aug. 18, 1887] dS° eon tion have become teachers. compared favorably with that of and the marriage-rate is not abnor! Institute draws chiefly from u li the other New England States (least and from New York, with a range. — Miss Lyon discountenar forbid, Sunday letter-writing on Ul pupils. The pious tounder and na McDonogh Sehool, near Balt scruples about the use of that day of the curiosities of the he deemed it perfectly right t countrymen as slaves, their working for themselves on t lowed them for rest from enuf greatly. This led bim (sin him g to b lV an desecration of the Sabbath” was to grant them a \ them wages if they then worke finally to devise a much-l: thropy by which they their freedom and be deported t Henry Clay, McDonogh idea that slaves were uct as ti goods and « tion at the master’s erty as eX pellse zation—¢. e., as apurely moral que tails of his plan as conceived be found ina very interesting con history of education in this cout Work cf John MeDonogh Aan, Principal of the Mcl if his treedn and liam The bard with earnings accuIpulatronus ol New Orleans an his vast neighborhood of the e Baltimore. The vicissi the incidents of his sel romantic, and are well set fort which the trustees of the McDon ri iS } dedicated to his memory. deserves study as a farm school unlike and probably superior to any. Mr.. ~adds a sketeh of it (whi son, ji seen the light, at least in part) t biograplical narrative. Teach Sabbatarians, and liy wil ~The question of closing the B higher educat for the g@ still remains ince to share the fate of the courses for cow, Kazan, and Kietf, no one « coming year will see theur etl place of the fou the fered with. In will be but two, and whole nil Would ie ~hattels, nor dis Jucational endowment of tha it } i Massac il bhumaod min were made ary ADI intending phil ll tind their protit in thes nst go through a financial crisis as well. stances, on the whole, will not mental to the present welfare which it 1s desirable should not y t Ol but will prevent would-be benefa rying out their intentions A Ww rope mm lation to these courses, ar that education predisposes womet mony and in favor of With regard to the latte students arrive with varied an J 4 nounced opinions, these are great! corrected by residence together diticatios is in exact proportion the stay, as is the case with ¢ dents. Comparing the statistic courses with the University cou tinds that the division of sti s an to social classes, is identical, or near Umversity there were last yeas the nobility, 8 per cent. f1 1 Ly Messenger gives some curio The deatl \ rat "Che it ! =p ht ted i i | i | i iy ft t j } ) ! | , 1 1} { yay ] } " i i ' ~ t t t 1 ‘ \ Ss A n \ Nation. a iat j 1 ul ‘ arn \ ‘ i t su \\ ‘ rv Ku . T Ins iM st ‘\ \ 4 \ ~ ‘ \ sy Ww A \\ if ? } 5. 3 \ j i, seem t us ‘ ‘ \ ) | “ ‘ \ ‘ i ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ w“ ‘ j \\ ‘ .. & rail Riot ix t f i Wi Ww \ Vv] ted t \ xY y f P f ir i ‘ be obtained | ’ ind /' gis li d. More im i t tl tre itment ‘ sul ted. We anity st ent that ‘ t part t au ! tur lo the wor tf invest 2 nes nfess lrnorance ! ittainable re confidence in whatever conclu d with positiveness These qua shown more conspicu ast part than in the two previsusly f the men engaged in the prepara he m rk felt themsclves on firmer ground inly the boundaries botween the inknown and the unknowabl roof gratification as wella D |

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1388 The Natick. [Number 1155 tice to be able to pay this tribute to the work be- fore entering upon any criticism of details, This will be largely devoted to pointing out certain mistakes in what has been said, and certain omis- sions of what ought to have been included. But any fault-finding in which we indulge is not done for the sake of disparaging the merits of what has been achieved here; the value of that will never be seriously affected by assaults from any It isdone for the purpose of contribut- ing some slight share to the perfection of a lexi- source, con in which every member of the English-speak- Errors of details in an undertaking so vast there must al- ways be, and there is no better time to take note of these than while it is in progress. In our cri- ticism of omissions, too, we shall not seek for ing race is permanently interested. iMustration from outside and petty sources, but contine ourselves to writitgs and writers who have been read for this work, or at least ought to have been read for any dictionary that sets out to represent the resources of the English tongue. Inan American journal the subject of Ameri- canisms naturally occupies the first place. It is satisfactory to find that no small number of these falsely so considered have, on the authority of this work, taken what is to be hoped is a final departure, the moment the actual facts of the language were brought to light. English writers in the past have been in the habit sometimes of stigmatizing It was inevitable they should do so and sometimes of praising, as Americanisms, words and meanings which they personally hap- pen to meet with for the first time in tbe pages of an American author, It was natural that they should do so in those cases in which a usage once current in the literary speech of England had there died out, but had been retamed in that of this country. But the term has been frequent- lv apphed to words which have always tormed Ignorant men ou the other side of the Atlantic have denounced part of the universal speech. them as corruptions coming from this quarter. Ignorant men on this side have, on the authority of the former, included them in the list of words peculiar to the United States. It is curious to ote how several of these so-called Americanisms appear in this dictionary with exclusive quota- tions from English authors, and without the shghtest suggestion that they owe their origin to this country. The information on this subject collected and brought together in this work will lay for ever many a ghost which has hitherto disquieted the hearts of imperfectly informed writers on both sides of the Atlantic. But even the best informed reader will doubt- less light upon many curious surprises in the con- trast of usage as exhibited in the speech of Eng- land and America, Some of them are worth giv- ing. The word berate, common enough with us, lias apparently become obsolete in the mother No quotation tor it later than 1601 is recorded as taken from any writer belonging to Great Britain. From the United States many nineteenth-century examples have been received, untry. as might well be imagined in the case of a word used as frequently as is this, both in the collo- quial and in the literary speech. In another in- stance usage here corresponds to that of the north of Great Britain as contrasted with that of the south. In the latter, we are told the ‘ bid him do it” of the former is unknown or archaic; it is regularly represented by ** tell him to do it.” It is singular, too, to read that in England the adverb b/oodily, used as an intensive, is ** by re- spectable people considered . . . on a par with obscene or profane language, and usually printed in the newspapers (in police reports, ete.) ‘h-—y.’” This seems about as striking an illus- tration of delicacy as language could well pre- sent. The word is certainly rather offensive on the vrounds of taste; but it is as certainly sur- prising to find it condemned on the score of mo- rals. Wecannot conceive even of its arousing the sensitiveness of Anthony Comstock; but our insensibility may be due to the fact of its not be- ing a common word with us in the speech of even the lowest class. Sut perlaps the most striking distinction of usage in the language of the two peoples that is recorded in this Part is in the case of the word biscuit. Its most common meaning in this coun- try is not known at all to England. From the purist point of view, it ought not to be known here. The biscuit of America is usually soft; and on historical and etymological grounds no It is evident that the editor of this dictionary cannot quite venture to conceive of the atrocity. He speaks biscuit has any business to be soft. of it with reserve, and is careful to give his au- thority. ‘Even the characteristic hardness, im- plied in the name,” he writes, is lost in the sense ‘A kind of small, baked cake, usually fer- mented, made of flour, milk, ete.,” used accord- ing to Webster in U.S.” He might have added that Worcester says essentially the same thing, though bis language is not so precise. With him it is ‘ A kind of bread, baked in small cakes, and intended to be eaten while hot or fresh.’ Put these two definitions together, and we have fully described the ordinary biscuit of the United States. On the other hand, it is well to add that the strict usage of the word, as implying a kind of crisp, dry, hard bread, is also gaining ground steadily in this country; and it is probable that the now widely employed cracker—itself derived from the dialect of the north of England —will, at no distant day, give place to it, at least in the speech of the educated. The omissions in the case of Americanisms must in some instances be intentional. We miss the frequent slang pbrases on a bender and big bugs, though it is possible that the latter may oc- cur later. Bender, in the Scotch sense of ‘a hard drinker,’ is given; and as the employment of it as just mentioned is contained in Bartlett, it seems to have been left out by design. One or two words that occur to us have sprung up since vocabularies of Americanisms have been printed ; and they naturally are not found here. One of these is battery in its technical sense in the game of base-ball, as denoting the pitcher and catcher. The other is bob-veal, with accounts of the seiz- ure of which by the health authorities the news- papers are full every spring. It is certainly as deserving a place as bosch or bosh, an English equivalent of ‘ butterine.’ The errors in the definitions of the American- isms recorded are not many. Such as they are, they are marked rather by an imperfect compre- hensioOn of the meaning of the word than by actual misstatement. The definition can hardly be said to be wrong in itself, but it leads toa wrong impression. Thus, one would get the idea from what is said here that 6//f, in the game of poker, is accompanied by noisy behavior and ges- ticulation; whereas, its effectiveness is due usual ly to the grim and almost unnatural] quietness with which itis done. #o/f, again, is described as ‘breaking away from a political party.’ This is not quite true. A man does not bolt his party, but the candidate or candidates his party has put up. Sometimes, though less properly, he is said to bolt the platform of principles it has enun- ciated. The essential point is, that the bolter does not necessarily, in fact does not usually, abandon the politica! organization with which he is connected. He not infrequently votes for some men upon its ticket, and at the same time bolts others by ‘scratching’ their names. While upon this subject it is hardly proper to speak, as is done here, of a ‘ Bourbon’ party as existing in the United States. Nosuch organization can be found anvwhere. The epithet is simply an ap- plication to particular persons of a general term, which has come to designate everywhere certain characteristics that have been attributed to the members of the Bourbon family of princes. It might be applied almost as readily to certain ad- herents of a school of political economy as to those of a political party. As a matter of fact, it is now applied just as often to Republicans as to Democrats, and in neither case does it denote any particular body of men acting together in any organized capacity. Distinctions hke these it is impossible for a foreign editor to be tamiliar with, and he is accordingly at the mercy of in- formants whose knowledge, or rather whose judgment, is defective. One of the queerest re- sults of this misinformation is to find the new slang term bood/e euphemistically defined as ‘stock in trade, capital... The word boodler does not occur, This is to be regretted, not so much for itself as for the way in which it would have been explained. ; One of the definitions that would convey no meaning whatever to hin: who should need to look up the word, is that of Boweryish. It is il- lustrated by a quotation from Poe, and explained as ‘smacking of the Bowery in New York.’ Boweru in turn has given it 1ts original meaning of ‘farm, plantation,’ with the added remark, ‘hence the Bowery in New York city.’ What idea an Englishman could get of the passage from Poe from this explanation it is hard to conceive, for that author is applying the term to editorial articles. The definition is right as far as 1t goes, The reference is, of course, to the Bowery as the street in New York, foralong time the home of the ‘** b‘hoys “—a word also not to be found here—that is, voung men of the lower class, but a grade above roughs, loud butit is utterly madequate, of voice, swaggering of gait, and much given to noise and bluster and rant. It was perhaps the style of plays and play-acting as seen at the old Bowery Theatre that led to the application of the term to literature, We hesitate to include among Americanisms a signification belonging to boycott, but which finds no place in the definition given in this work. Stil, it seems tous that it must bea sense known Boyeott as explained here is simply an agreement between and recognized in the land of its origin. two or more persons to have no dealings with some other one in order to punish him for his conduct. This is unquestionably the original meaning. The act denoted by it, however un- just in some cases, or even immoral, can hardly be deemed illegal, But as now commonly em- ployed, boycott imphes something much beyond this. It isnot merely that A and B refuse to have any dealings or hold any relations with C, with whom they have a controversy, but they go to D, an outside party, and inform him that he also must join them in having nothing to do with C, on pain of involving himself in a similar punish- ment. It 1s the acts implied in this extension of the use of the word that the courts 1u this coun- try bave been visiting with penalties; and al- though this dictionary does not recognize any such sense, it is strange if it has not already deve- loped itself on the other side of the Atlantic, THE GREAT CANADIAN RAILWAY. The Queen's Highway from Ocean to Ocean, By Stuart Cumberland, F.R.G.S8. London; Sampson Low & Co.; Chicago: A. C. McClurg & Co. Svo, pp. 401. WHEN the transcontinental railway through Canada was approaching completion, much inte- rest was naturally aroused among the English- speaking residents of Australia and India. They saw with pleasure the prospect oi: a new line of travel opening to them through British territory, offering many attractions, and enabling them to i A ART nibs eT RL 8 cats Sf Gace aaberiumsn eet er aalt Trie

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Aug. 18, 1887 escape the monotony and discomfort of the Red Sea route. To satisfy the general curiosity, Mr Stuart Cumberland was, as he tells us, ‘* commis sioned by a syndicate of Australasian, Indian, and English newspapers to give a descript the country through which runs this new Queen's Highway.” He left New South Wales in June, ISS6, and arrived in British Columbia in the ft lowing month, in time to be not only the first tbrough-passenger, but, as he rather oddly ex presses it, ** the first person to go over the line in a journalistic sense To these circumstances the world is indebted for this fairly successful effort at bookmaking. A handsome volume of some thing over four hundred pages, lustrated by many attractive ‘collotype” pictures, and two tolerably good maps, embodies the aut soual observations, along with a large amount of information, historical, geographical, and sta led from recent publications, Ot tical, com} these compilations a considerable portion con sists of extracts taken bodily from the * Canadian Handbook,’ a description of Canada prepared in the public offices at Ottawa for the purposes of the Colonial and Indian Exhibition of last year Such details, though authentic, are naturally dry, and the author, who is evidently a newspa per writer of some experience, has thought it ne cessary to ‘throw in a little humor” occasion ally, by way of rehef. The humor, it must be said, is not always of the most elevated order, being chiefly made up of broadly comic accounts of bis personal discomforts and annoyances, and ultra-jovial notes of his experiences and senti ments in regard to poker playing, mixed drinks, and Western profanity These portions of the book might have been compressed with advan + tage: but it is fair to say that most of the narra- tive and descriptive part of the work is well done, and that anv traveller who takes it as a guide o1 the route will have no serious reason to be diss tisfied with it. The author has the genuine and laudable re porter’s desire to represent accurately what he sees; and he does this constanutiy, even when it obliges him to state facts which directly nfra dict his own opimions, His sentiments as a loyal British ‘‘imperialist ” make him anxious to see HI } . } “ le rebukes a leader of everything In rose color. the Canadian Opposition for deseribing British Columbia as a ‘tsea of mountains,” which ex pression he pronounces * anti-national”’; and | then proceeds to give a precise and most formida ble account of the region, which fully contirms the objectionable epithet. The vast prairie lat which stretches eastward from the Rocky M tains has been described by some sanguine ex plorers as good agricultural territory; butt author shakes his honest bead. ‘* A good deal of the country in the earher st ‘* presented a most melancholy picture. The ground seemed parched 1 with burned grass. Nothing ut lit apparently was alive. 1 st this year had been an Lry but, allowing for this, the gr f thet gion had the appearance of being sour, bar: and unprotitable.” ‘‘It is perfectly correct.” | continues, ‘‘ that, as compared with the United States, Canada has no really ‘bal lands’ to speak of, but that she has a good deal of indifferent land no one can deny; and Canada’s best friends must admit that a great portion of such land $ in the Northwest Territories.” This was in 18s The vresent year has brought a sad confirmatior of the author’s opinion. A rding to t pers, many of the settlers who had | to attempt farming in the region he thus gray cally describes, bave lost their ¢ ps by the drought and * gophers r ground squirrels and are giving up their farms, wit! the cost] improvements, a5 valueless ow ~~ The Nation. make a roadbed f ‘omontories bave been tunne

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possesses its chief value, especially to us Ameri- Prof. Gneist is of opinion that a serious crisis is impending in the English Government— cans, a crisis which he feels confident that the English institutions will pass through triumphantly, but which derives its most threatening features from a departure from the inherited principles of self government. Now, the American people have retained these institutions of local self-govern- ment, which they brought with them in the seven teenth century, in a far higher degree of vigor and integrity than the mother country bas done. This is the case, we believe, through the entire North, altbough in varying CGegree in the differ- ent States, But unquestionably the influences which have so largely interfered with local self- government in England are at work here also: and it is to be hoped that American students of the subject will give careful attention to the writings of a man who not only has subjected the topic to the most profound analysis as a piece of political science, but also sees most clearly the unfavorable tendencies in their working. Chapter viii, “The Parliaments of the Nine- teenth Century down to the Second Reform Bill (1867),” begins with the significant words: ‘*In the ancient world an aristocratic constitution, such as existed in England at the beginning of the nineteenth century, im all its exclusiveness, would have ended in reducing the lower classes to slavery. It isa splendid testimony to the power of Christianity and of this nationality, but espe- cially as concerns the ruling class in England, that from amid such a condition of things Eng- lish society has entered upon an era of social re- form and reform bills.” The writer then pro- ceeds to discuss the measures of this period under the three beads of Social, Administrative, and Political reforms. In the two first departments the reforms have been rapid and far-reaching; it isin the third tield that he sees danger: *t Only m the sphere of political reforms, that is, in the or- ganization of the communal bodies and the fur- ther development of the parliamentary constitu- tion, attempts at a new order of things appear as failures” (p. 348). With the ecclesiastical reforms, the repeal of the exclusive privileges of the na- tional church, he does not syinpathize: * The ne- gative result remains, that the equality of right and the intimate union of each contending chureh breaks up the uniform basis of the parlia mentary constitution, and introduces doctrinal sections into Parliament side by side with par- ties political ” (p. 551). no directinterest for a nation which never had an This is a point that has established church. The next subject considered is the dissolution of the communal system. The “ lowest substra tum of the parliamentary constitution [the pa- rish, corresponding to our town] bad become such a decisive foundation of the Communitates, through the offices of constable, churchwarden, overseer Of the poor, and inspector of highways, and through the vigorous development of the communal taxation system, that in the compact system of parishes and in its timate connection with the office of justice of the peace the true power of resistance on the part of the Commauni- fas, in the great constitutional struggles, was to be found, Not without fault of the ruling classes did the local officials of the coimune, in the course of the eighteenth century, dwindle from their original significance ” (p. 552). The attempt at retorm under this head was through the crea- tion of “Boards.” “The improvement in the care ot the poor and surveying the highways and sanitary Inspection—the whole range of social re- forms—did, it is true, require not only taxes, but a wider individual activity for the multifarious duties of the parish. But lenceforth there is no longer, amid the wharlot party strife, any tur ther thought of these personal duties (which are ——————[—[—[———LLL=—=—= ry oo : Che Nation. not yet out of mind in German communal life). The sinking into decay of the small parochial of- fices only brought as a consequence that the sig- nificance of the personal honorary office became, in this regard, entirely underrated in England.” ‘The perilous step of sefting aside all personal duty and responsibility, in the communal body, has destroyed the whole structure, and this change, little noticeable at first, involves conse- quences further-reaching for England than would the abolition of the general duty to serve in the army for Germany ”; the first result being ‘‘ the virtual withdrawal of the well-to-do and educat- ed classes from local communal life, and a final interweaving of the administration by a still fur- ther-spreading system of ministerial commissaries and ministerial orders.” It is a pity that the translator has retained the clumsy German practice of putting the notes at the end of the chapter (without any reference to their page), instead of the more convenient me- thod of foot-notes, adopted in the‘ History of the English Constitution.’ On page 116 we find Hen- ry 1V. for Henry IIJ., and on page 129, Edward ILI. for Edward I. Miss Norgate’s history was undertaken unde1 the inspiration of the historian Green. It is de- dicated to his memory, and although ‘of the book in its finished state he never saw a page,” the labor of eleven years has been done largely with his counsel and criticism, and always in his spirit. She refers to him with constant affection as her *‘dear master,” and we are al:nost autho- rized to regard her work as a continuation of his, which was so sadly interrupted. Neither is the execution of her task unworthy of her model. She possesses much of Mr. Green’s graphic power in narration, as well as his re- markable insight into the relations of events with one another; and she resembles him in her prac tice of grouping and arranging events, not by the artificial limits of royal reigns, but by tbe suc- cessious and transitions in larger and more pro- found relations. We must say that we have al- ways thought that Mr. Green carried this last practice to an excess, so that, however clear his arrangement may be in a continuous reading of his book, it has been a stumbling-block when one has wished to search for any particular event. So with the book before us. The first chapter describes England under Henry I. The reign of Henry Il. begins in chapter ix, under the title ‘“*Henry and England, 1154-1157.” But the au thor has taken great pains in the seven interven- ing chapters not to devote any whole chapter or chapters to the intervening reign of Stephen, and even to avoid in their headings giving any clue to the dates of his reign. Chap. v is *t Geoffrey Plantagenet and Stephen of Blois, 1128-1150”; cbap. vi, ‘‘ England and the Barons, 1159-1147”; Stephen's reign extended from 1155 to 1154, and, so far as the table of contents is concerned, there is no recognition of the last seven years of his reign except for ecclesiastical concerns, This we must call running a theory into the ground. The book begins, as we have seen, with a sketch of the reign of Henry J., followed by a series of chapters upon English affairs and the French provinces, so that the time of the Angevin Kings of England is not reached until near the end of the first volume. On the other hand, the word * Angevin” is taken as meaning not the family, but the possessions; that is, the Kings ceased to be Angevin when they ceased to rule Anjou. The book euds, therefore, with the loss of the French provinces in 1206, and a closing chapter, chap. x of volume ii, is devoted to ‘‘ The New England.” The character and career of Becket, and his quarrel with Henry IL, are discussed with great discrimination, and the view here presented has much to recommend it. It is wholly favorable to Becket’sghonesty of purpose ; and, as depicted in these pages, he appears an heroic personage, but somewhat vacillating and lacking in foresight. This is no doubt the estimate which has been gaining ground, as against the severe verdict passed upon him heretofore by Protestant wri- ters. But we confess we incline more to Bishop Stubbs’s calm judgment (‘Early Plantagenets,’ p. 68), asin his last years exhibiting ‘ta morbid craving after the honors of martyrdom, a confes- sorship at the least, a crafty policy for embroil- ing Henry with his many enemies, combined with a plausible allegation that it is all for his good and that of the Church.” So sudden a change as his in manner of life and in public policy is not in itself inconsistent with sincerity, but all the circumstances are against it. He had been for years the King’s bosom friend and con- fidential adviser, It is not possible that he did not know the King’s plans of reform; it is hardly possible that he did not support them, wholly im- possible that he did not give the King reason to believe that he agreed with him and would sup- port him. In the first year of Heury’s reign he had advised the imposition of seutage upon the ecclesiastical lands, against Archbishop Theo- bald’s vehement opposition, Even his assurance to Henry that be as Archbishop must oppose him in his plans concerning the Chureh, proves two things against him: that he knew these plans, and that he had been theretofore so completely identified with them, that Henry cou/d not be lieve htm when he asserted that he should oppose them. On no other theory can we explain Hen- ry’s intention to appoint him Archbishop, and especialiy his insisting upon it, in spite of Beck- et’s opposition. ~ From this moment he saw things with new eyes. 3ecause he had learned things that he did not know before? No, it was his class relations and class interests only that had changed. All society in the middle ages was based upon class distinctions; they formed the basis, not only of social relations, but of the parliamentary organization throughout Europe. The thing that Henry had overleoked— just as Frederick II. overlooked it when he trans- formed Sinibaldo de’ Fieschi into Pope Innocent IV.—was that he was not merely giving Becket a new and higher office, but that he was transfer- ring him from the feudal class to the ecclesiasti- cal class, and thus fundamentally changing his relations to society and to all public questions. The need of reform was as imperative as ever: but now it came into collision with the new Archbi- shop’s class interests, and ke became its bitter op- ponent. His action may therefore have been conscientious, but it was that of a narrow class conscience—not proceeding upon a judg- ment of right and wrong, or what was for the good of society, but what was for the interest of himself and his order. In this point of view we are not called upon to condemn Becket severely, but we cannot regard him as a man of a high or der of greatness, or as in any true sense a sacrifice to his sense of right. He could not rise above the narrow interests of bis order; if he was a martyr at all, it was not to religion, but to his order. The details of the book are thorough and scho- larly, and the statements are supported by a mass of reterences, which in many cases we wish were citations. For example (vol. ii, p. 15), the explanation given of Becket’s first quarrel with the King, as being a constitutional resistance to arbitrary exaction, is interesting and plausible; In re gard to the condemnation of Johu after the death of Arthur, we are surprised to find no mention of M. bémont’s article in the Rerue Historique, which seems to prove that this was a mistake isee the Nation, No. 1122). If M. Bémont is wrong, it ought to be shown. Mr. Moberiy hes produced a work which, by but we can find no clear authority for it. int ia:

Page 23

especially interesting as being that from the medizval to the n tem. That series of internat il introduced the great wars for power, as well as that seri :y lectual events which were the t: modern history, all t I peri l is = int { i ones, the | ) might " tw \ } 1 ot H usceptil INN | t I bistory of England \ ( ged é uts of tl hit t new j + } Lis l i l bi 1 Wors n Ss | y for his muntry Li I the work he wrougt! w th his shorteomit ‘ t horteol g i wa le Guall list } ' +) i t l W t t } t ! \ Ss t th . WN this ‘ ‘ oe IN| t na It ; } | Ss irdiy via ? rt wr? ' \tye XM ‘i ‘i } peal to be 1 rn t t mate of s intell expressed by Bis p Stubl |

= ‘ ‘ man! j judger t | l losing f thet we should ju It nly member was alwa p

subjects as a whole, and that, if he a reign of twenty years, | W 1 down to us with a reputation rt bad King. The history of the fifteenth century reigns of the Piantagenets and the su the Tudors, depends more than that of period of English history upon questi Mr. Moberly regards the title of Henry represent the line of Lancaster as soun reason (p. 15) that the words ¢ regia were omitted from the author ff the act legitimating the family In regard to Henry IV., he speaks (| ‘defective title.” But—apart f: t the hereditary rule of succession was f: ing fully defined in this age—it is | title of the house of Lancaster was f as that of the house of Hanover

worth a straw a hereditary succession; both alike res will of the people, as expressed by I

in each case a transfer of d isty + 1M end + c y S > W i 1c! 1 f me t in id i it w n act of folly to giv t hild, Ed i M mel At s 1! ariler ¢t tl was 5 Nd } ay ¢ mat ' sen King instead t g was no such formal d but When ff ry s The

Nation.

gett timer ¢ i i : t w“ It \ i\ . ’ i i + + “\ " Xug i y S ji< « ‘ ‘ X ‘ \ ‘ 3 MI ~ t eX s i - t i i ~ . \ t t i 4 5 ‘ Ss eT ¢ Sh tor . ir vil i rm r+ 1int < i ‘ iy t ! ' + \ i ie a i piun I ¢ what r may i I ‘ ‘ ‘ ¢ \\ ( t i ea 1 iy ble

Page 24

142 The Nati Number 1155 td 1e Nation. [Number 1155 thing, and that in the sauce of the author there Grasset, E. La Guerre de Sécession. 2e partie. Ics | Robertson, F. W. In Bad Hands, and Other Stories. igi 5 i Hommes. Paris: L. Baudoin & Cie.; New York: Harper & Brothers. 20 cents. ‘is nothing acid hot, neither pepper nor vine- Christern ; ; “ Robertson, ". Pocahontas and her Desc e ndants. Rich- _ ro aaa — ; ? Gulley, Prof. F. A. irst Lessons in Agriculture. Stark mond: J. W. Randolph & English. €1: gar. The only analogy between these pleasant ville, Miss.: F. A. Gulley. 75 cents. Sachs, J. von. Lect = on the A Eo of Plants. singularly heavy and ungraceful Hall. H.S., and Knight, S. R. Higher Algebra. Macmil Oxford: The Clarendon Press; New York: Macmillan ssays and that fruit is prcbably that the author is fond of both. BOOKS OF THE WEEK Dr.C.C, A Naturatist’s Ramble 2d ed., revised, D. Appleton wee ee \ Modern Circe. Philadelphia: - Lippincott ( cents. New York; Geo. 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The Nation. Aug. 18, Henr NEWES1 A New Rhetoric. PLOE? RHETORI( rlish Con sition and Revision. By AN Foo 7 é SCHOOL BOOKS fiducati A PRACTICAT J. Scott Clark, Professor in Svracuse Universits 2 Si py Teachers’ price $1.00) - From the Nation; * For the basis am rrect writing there « in be n better preparation ‘ a very ft x We cordially recommend the volume t e attent t teecher A New ELEMENTS OF n Hopkins University. 1I2mo, 272 pp. Teachers’ pr SO cents From Dr, Charles Pal K lementar V C ‘hemistr y. are Teach Mass, State N School, Sa “It is the best in * srcupaiitas tas Olmatie try that I know. 7 From W. M. Affer, Professoi the I . \ Boys’ High Seh ‘Its examination \ has given me much pleasure —such pleasure as an al in feels in the examination of a new tool of better form and temper than any one already in posses ~ A New Elementary Zoology. RICHARDSON FIRST LESSONS [N ZOOLOGY. By A.S. P Professor in Brow University. 12mo, 200 pp. Teachers’ price, 80 cent From Seience : * The style is clear and the sult ts made interestin The student’s mind is not confused by a mass of details or by unsatisfactory d riptions of a large nu r of specimens whicl he can never expect to see.’ From Dr. E. C. Hine, Professor in Girard ¢ ‘Dr. Packard has wisel objects with which to illustrat thos jects that we know tl nost about, and those about which we would gladly know mort A New Elementary Frene h Book PRACTICAL FRENCH. Tak Luthe er Fri 1 Gra ul ; By William D. Whitney. Professor in Yale University, 12m M pp. Teachers’ price, $0 cents It recost Some of the ju the following From Dr. MURDOCK dg yments on the larg reram I Lt wt hh the present hy ell at 4 A New Frenc +h Cony er sation (Re ade fi eee CONTES ET NOUVELLES. Suevis ¢ tions, d’ ses de | “™aom - Grammaire, de Notes facilitant la traduct Par Mapame L, Auiiot, Teacher in tl Bryn | Mawr School, Baltimore On the principle that in order to teach pupils how to talk, you must g them something to talk about, and then help them to express their ideas In the present | k.t “something to talk CLV I Si} | SATU Ra | about ” is a series of easy extracts from authors of reputation r help nsists of questions the general subject of the te xt. on the meaning of particular words, and on the principles of lat RLES guage structure and use naturally s ted , ue : 411°S -ader . A New German. rst Rez qaer. : GRIMM'S KINDER- UND HA! ERCHEN. Selected and edited, Skeeche with Introduction and Notes, by CHARLES P. ¢ Mass. | Tr nology. 12mo0, 151 pp. Teachers’ pr = From the Critie ‘ Dr. Otis’s edition is printed t rotl racter ntains a capita . — tionary at the ba ek, explains a ly all t flicu structions int text ntains a resun ‘Sy the contents of each tale as troduction to 1t, 1 ts t tothe folk-lorst where he may tind parallel stories and fables, and pens witha va I luct showing bow the Grimms ‘s / lected the tales, their nature and contents, how rew Ipon Germa the traces of ancient atau beliefs and superstitions cx breast y gerade their ps zical pecuharities, the fixed characters MODERN CLASSICS ever at play in them, the delightful popular for ‘ t re presented, and t style and aS language in which they are clothed DE ; ; ’ uo O | | iINCW Irst Gsreek DOOK. : syste AN INTRODUCTION 70 ATT/ : By ] Brooks, Professor , in the University of Mim ta : ’ sy $ Uses the first chapter of Zenophon’s* Ana s‘t I t tudent to the forms and voeabu si : ; eget 3 3 . ; ; ‘ u r™ r ve list lary of Attic prose, teaching the grammar t Riverside Literature Series, facludt A prospec From A.C. Kendrick, Profess nt f S | I hits pla ind method new numbers, and descriptive circulars of ther and especially the limiting of its rang . s to the passag ua phot The whole treat books mentioned above will be s¢ any adar ment is unusually weil adapted vive st tery of t ments of the language.” applicatior A full rers at 29 West 23d St., New York, fesceript pub ishe Wabash Avenue, Ch HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN: & CO., 4 Park St., Boston.

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Aug. 18, 1887 The Nation. Vil rN ™ ' TON Y PHL JOHNSON SYSTEM OF HEAT REGULATION IX. SCHOOLS.

\ WaAtk DEAR Sirs: It affords me great satisfaction to state, in regard to the efficiency of your Heat Regulating Apparatus,that our ex “s winter to the Sth, 9th, 10th, and 12th district primary schools, has thoroughly convinced usof the truth of the f Ving facts ‘irst. Your apparatus is automatic, and maintains an equable temperature, never rthan tha juired 1 y wer as the f " very simple result in the problem of heating, but not till we had made a practical test of ern device d wer ‘ x of comfort which is the accompaniment of this one simple fact Second. We have pretty good evidence to show that your apparatus saved a considerable part of tts cost the Sa x it eff ei inf ~ “ the Regulator and two not, have been visited and account of coal consumed has been compared Tr lifferer 48 Kew ut Ww ardily ‘ x that the Electric Service has effected a saving of about 15 per cent. Third. We find a great advantage and meritin your Apparatus over the clumsy and less! lert ntriv ed } r. Alway relieves the school of that average bustling appendage during school hours. In short. I cannot re nd y y ‘ “ R ble heating apparatus, Without it the apparatus is not mode is deficient in the most t rtant prov L ' t . urs truly Ww AN SON ~ y 4 \ 4 . GENTLEMEN: lam much pleased with the operation of y tus, W isa x - corridor is regulated thereby to a definite standard, and not by f . “W “ ‘ ‘ lower or much higher than what ts normal and healthful for x t ga i ‘ from overheating and underheating, amply repays the cost of your aj \ AM ; FROM Warp ] S ‘ Ww GENTLEMEN: Your Heat Regulating Apparatus has proved tol s t “ sw “ since its introduction. We are highly pleased with it, and | mi ‘ { lik sa \ . want FROM PRINCH S 1, M GENTLEMEN: It is with pleasure that I certify to the merits ar t I r Ss ws Al ‘ never imagined that the Apparatus could be so perfect, or that it w f yu " f f . ‘ above to 20° below, our 20 class rooms, 2 offices, large exhibition hall, 22 teachers, and 1 iplis we “ even temperature has been conducive to the health of pupils and teachers I therefore pronounce the Heat Regulating Apparatus an unqualified success, and take pleasure ! I 1 a : ’ . the various schoolhouses,. I trust that the public in general will mot be stow in making use of this relia ‘ ‘ eH ryt ‘¥ = ~ A m : Milw . \N \ . . ‘ 6 GENTLEMEN: THE JOHNSON HEAT REGULATING APPARATUS isin use in six school rooms and t/v ’ : r scl I AS | . seif : satista means of regulating the amount of heat admitted to the rooms. While there ts yet s thing to be dor t tr t ‘ f ya t = the apparatus is in use, in order to secure the full comfort of teachers and pupils, Lam satistied that as far as the res : v ‘ x A iratus is there is no fault to find. The ventilation of the rooms where the Heat Regulatit Apparatus is i soe r “ t : s fa from peerer- believe the Johnson Apparatus is conducive to health, mental vigor, and sweet {nature Very res ' Wis NK : s . y vA Vis \ ss GENTLEMEN: Your Heat Regulating Apparatus has been int in this build I i kK ‘ " ' that it never allows the rooms to be overheated It take are of t valves 1 x 58 " v 1 atte regulation of heat So far it does this work properly LA ‘ \ ‘ vs MENOMONIE SCHOOLS. MENOwON Wis. ¥ SN GENTLEMEN: We have nothing but words of rthe Apparatus. It does its work perfectly witt , . t in fered with in any manner since it was placed in op Since tt has been in w ve ul ' is ‘ ‘ : t arn “ sa ed, a thing which has not happene ¢, prior to this. during my eleven vears work \ we im this —— HYDE PARK SCHOOLS. | v as GENTLEMEN: It gives me pleasure to comply with your request for a statement of rexper “ . \ \\ t ghiy teste t | Apparatus in the new High School for this district for mor with the f ving t ist. The temperature ts practically invariable ; ring e week st re was tak n once an hour for five days, with a result of variation of |! 3 y 2d. A considerable saving in care to teachers const t i sd. A great gain in the hygienic condition of the it ith. A large economy in fuel. These facts are sufficient to satisfy me that the Automatic Apparatus ts most desirable in every sel ca ‘ ! met git toall set T Yours very truly W. HO RAY 4 MT ISS GENTLEMEN: The Electric Apparatus which you put int ir Bich S . 1 nx, for t purpose of regulating t I ratur 7 t *, is doing ail that it was expected to to, After it was once properly adjusted, it shut off the hot air as soon as the t ature rea i rTOC’S, al ene t? and a ed the war r when the temperature went below 70 degrees. It is better than any i z a. . t ‘ . it requir t i ix quickly adjusted to any temperature required, and does not easily get out of order. y < FS EWI ~ te lent of Sch / THE JOHNSON HEAT REGULATING APPABA S is already in use r has ns 1. for f wit : wols, att ate { ar and ers are falling int line constantly. NEW YORK y AUK S A MINN Grammar School N 8. New xh Seb Jeffers . Two Rox Ist Dis t br ary \ - School BOSTON, th Distr tA | Scho Joshua Bates School St strict " NCI FS, | Two Kooms t str Bi er St. Set i : CHICAGO Lit . t Pier St. Set Froebel School. Litt strict I K LAN Grant School. 1 strict Primar High Se? HYDE PARK. W LWN Rr WIS High School Hich Scho rd School WAUKESHA, WIS ELK tN, WIS MONTE, WIS Union School High S High Sch Send for illustrated catalogue “ N," ¢ xz s : ¢ ta : t f vy from well known men and women throughout the country; mailed to any address on apt ati This apparatus I pla , 3 irs s 1 or new, cit r intry, and be attached to any kind of heater ever made, be it steam, hot air, hot water, natural gas, or anything : 7 ry. , —— <r Ty) -I°T) y — . NATIONAL ELECTRIC SERVICE CO,, New York, 120 Broadway (Equitable Building Chicago, 195 Wabash Ave, Boston, 611 Washington St . . ' ; :

Page 28

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