The Independent 1876-09-07: Vol 28 Iss 1449

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“Bur as WE WERE ALLOWED OF GOD TO BE PUT IN TRUST WITH THE GOSPEL, EVEN 80 WE SPEAK, NOT AS PLEASING MEN, BUT GOD, WHICH TRIETH OUR HEARTS”

VOLUME XXVIIL NEW YORK, THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 1876. NUMBER 1449.

Che Independent. A SIOUX LODGE

BY JOAQUIN MILLER.

Some vultures in a vast blue sky ; A sounding river rushing by ; A land of sand high-heaved and torn And cajion-cleft and battle-shorn ; A tall lodge standing dark and lone, Beside the sounding Yellowstone. The lodge is lonesome as a tomb. Lo! warriors’ garments rolled in blood ; The voice of ghosts rides on the flood. .. . The lone round lodge has spacious room For tawny men that come no more This side the soundless, gloamy shore. With feathers wove in black-blown mane, A pony chafes and shakes the rein ; A maiden dusk, with eyes of fire, All silent as a woe unsaid, With mettled step and lifted head, Brings belt and red blade to her sire. The last wild warrior bends his head. **My sons lie stretched along the plain ; My brothers’ ghosts before the dawn Move mournful by. The land is red ; Nor doth in all the land remain One shaft to lean my lodge upon. . . . “My daughter, come.” He took her hand, With something more than cold command, Pushed back her hair, looked in her face ; Then gazed on her uncommon grace ; Then sighed as winds sigh in the last Lone tree that lifts against the blast. “(oTis love for you. I bid you wed. Yea, wed, my child; forget your dead. ‘Tis woman’s harder fate to bear To bring forth men, that they may die In shock of battle. Her despair Is rounded into darkness. I Behold but night, turn as [ may. Yet my race perishes away ; And when I turn from war again My son should hail me down the plain.’’ Grim consolation for the lone, Last, wild maid of the Yellowstone. The sad chief drew his skins around A tall form, scarred with battle-scars, Drew back, bowed gravely to the ground, And, mounting, turned to front the wars And die defending lodge and child As doth become a king. He smiled Through tears; but neither turned nor spake, And two hearts beat as if to break. He never saw his lodge again. Her path was on the mountain’s brow ; But beacon-light nor maiden now Can lure the dead man from the plain. Some bones bleach on the mountain bare ; The wild grass grows through her black hair. The red fox digs his narrow hole Beneath the lodge. The live-long day A vulture sits the center-pole, And no face frightens him away. . Tis sweet, the old Greek sang, to die For one’s own country, standing by The altars, ashes of your sires, Defending to the death their fires. . . . Ah! true, you answer, very true ; But then this Greek was not a Sioux. Somebody’s ox is gored to-day, And Time shall have a word to say. Yet who to-day has heart to speak ? Men see as God gave them to see, And, savage Sioux or savage Greek, Each seem about the same to me.

THE CHAUTAUQUA SUNDAY- SCHOOL ASSEMBLY.

[SECOND ARTICLE.) BY THE REV. THOMAS K. BEECHER, WHEN Jesus himself was the tencher, he had need very early to say: He that hath ears to hear, let him hear. Not all the thousands that thronged him received a benefit; but they only who came with preparation and readiness to receive. It was no discredit to him that a motley mul- titude thronged him. It is no discredit to Fairpoint that thousands are gathered there. He that hath ears and eyes to hear and see will get much of lasting benefit by a week or two spent with the Sunday- school Assembly. ——As the steamer nears the shore, the jutting point on which the dock is situated affords a natural curve, reminding one of the southeast heel of the Mediterranean. Taking this as the shore-line of the ‘‘ great sea,” there has been arranged a model of the Holy Land, through which an ordinary man may stroll with profit, like Gulliver in Lilliput. That this enormously large work, considered as a model, though small as compared with the country represented, is faithful appears from the fact that a photo- graph of it, when compared with the best German relief maps, is strikingly in agree- ment. Seeing is believing. I had not supposed it possible that any apparatus could so weld into one impression the results of years of labor with maps and books and pictures and protracted medita- tions. Suffice it to say that the model is perfected to scale, and all the famous sites, from Dan to Beersheba, may be found by seeking. This model of the Holy Land is easily the most striking and valuable ob- ject-lesson to be found at Fairpoint. It alone deserves a visit. Constructed of per- ishable materials, it cannot last many years; and while it lasts it ought to be studied. Coming ashore, the eye rests upon and recognizes an Oriental house of reasonable size—too small, indeed, for the thousands that frequent it; but large enough for the thoughtful student that will choose an early or a late hour to visit and study its parts. A large model of modern Jerusa- lem, perhaps fifty feet in diameter, which can be viewed from a raised platform sur- rounding it; a half-pyramid of Egypt, ac- curately constructed, showing m its sec- tion the interior chambers, galleries, air- ducts, and passageways; a model of the tabernacle in the wilderness, which, once seen, illuminates ever after the specifica- tions found in the Bible—these and other less conspicuots objects, to which additions are made every year, amply repay the vis- itor to Fairpoint, if he have eyes to see and ears to hear. Added to these are living expositors—re- turned travelers and missionaries—bringing with them photographs and costumes; while the number of intelligent Bible-read- ers assembled makes it possible to exhibit these costumes and to illustrate the man- ners and customs of the ancient by the modern Orient—such as funerals, feasts, weddings, prayings, readings. There are also gathered at Fairpoint, in singular profusion, the ingenious devices of many men for the conduct and instruction of Sunday-schools. I did not know nor can any pastor in the country know the richness and variety of help attainable until here at Fairpoint or at some similar

bazaar he sees the exhibition. The books and tools that are now obtainable cannot be found or sampled by any study of cat- alogues. Here they are at.;,Fairpoint. Bible-helps, black-boards of various kinds, periodical literature, stationery for account keeping, devices for libraries and rewards, outlines for festivals and other innocent yet stimulating social meetings are found here in suggestive profusion. Besides all these, every year is brought together a company of successful in- structors, who stand ready in the ‘‘ section tents” to meet classes and conduct model schools; while in other tents needy and discouraged teachers, who yet desire to do good work, assemble and are delighted by instructions that increase their resources and take away the sense of poverty which so often depresses the well-meaning teacher. To what degree of advancement this notion of a Sunday-school Assembly can be carried remains to be seen in future years. One thing is already settled—that any min- ister or layman who comes to Fairpoint with an earnest, craving appetite may go away fed and full. ——That teachers of arithmetic, geogra- phy, history, etc. require years of careful preparation for their work is admitted by all; but that teachers who are to guide youth into a study of the ways of God in his dealings with man, as recorded in the Bible, require special training startles many asa novelty. In our Sunday-schools there is, in truth, but little teaching. Our Sunday- schools by and by will change their name. Intelligent Christians will call them Bible- schools. For the mere incident that they happen to be held on Sunday should not eclipse from consciousness their central in- tention. In a generation, too, which sees normal schools dotting all the Eastern, Northern, and Western states, it should be a surprise that as yet seemingly only one man has awakened to the necessity of normal-class training for the Sunday- school. prefer to speak rather of his work. It matters little what church or denomination he belongs to. The fact remains that any honest, intelligent, Christian man who un- dertakes to awaken Bible-readers to the necessity of understanding what they read is engaged in a work at once arduous and of the highest worth. To read the Bible understandingly is a means of grace. To read it superstitiously is at best an act of cowardice and at worst of idolatry. That there should be already normal classes holding an annual meeting, submitting themselves to laborious studies and to rigorous examinations at the close of each term, is no small advance toward Christian intelligence. There are few ministers but will derive profit from looking over the questions pre- pared for the last examination of this nor- mal class.' As we grow old in our work we are apt to fancy that we know something about the Bible, and it is only when ques- tions come plowing through our ignorance that we arrive at the consciousness that, after all, we have never really read or studied. The Bible, like any other book, should be taken and interpreted for what it professes to be. Itis usually taken and interpreted according to the traditions of this or that church. I know nota more hopeful revival that can bless the churches of believers than a general consent to cease from antagonisms, I do not need to give his name. I,

ral theologizings, and qreads, and a turning with one accord to an intellectually honest study of Scripture. Many bubbles will col- lapse and many jewels of inexorable truth will begin to glitter. —— And yet Bible study, carried even to a perfect mastery of every word, is not re- ligion. No man becomes pious by book study only. As Jesus taught, the seed is the good word of the Kingdom, which when received into good and honest hearts springs up and brings forth fruit. It is not- permitted to man to convert his fellow- man, any more than it is permitted to a farmer to manufacture oats or corn or pota- toes; but it is permitted to man to work to- gether with God and with truth-loving con- scientiousness to obtain and plant the best seed—that is to say, the facts and truths de- clared in Scripture—to obtain and plant them with a perfect intellectual honesty; and, having obtained and planted them thus, to wait upon God in prayer that he may give the increase. The general Christian consciousness in our American churches as to religious or spiritual life seems to me to exaggerate the passional, impulsive element. Revivals seem to me to come short of their highest fruit for want of fuel. Two or three lead- ing truths revealed in the Old and New Testaments are made to do duty beyond proportion. The symmetric round of truth seems to be neglected. And when, as at Fairpoint, there are gathered scores or hun- dreds of men with the single aim to master the Scriptures it is a hopeful sign that a much-needed complement of revival truth is, in the providence of God, being brought into the consciousness of the churches. With each returning year it is conceiv- able that the thorough work done at Fair- point will more and more assert itself, while the necessary incidents of popular en- thusiasm and novelty will in a measure subside. The site of these gatherings, orig- inally a Methodist camp-ground, has already become catholic in its atmosphere. It is pro- posed to gather around this summer assem. bly whatsoever things are pure, lovely, and of good report. And I see no reason why the pastors or leading members of isolated country churches may not find here, re- gardless of denominational lines, a quick- ening and a profit not unlike that which was contemplated of God and enjoyed by his people when, every year, from the se- clusions of Palestine there came a mighty throng of the pious, singing their psalms, as they journeyed toward the Holy City. Fairpoint will not be found a place of se- clusion and refreshment for city pastors and Christian workers already jaded by ex- citement; but it is a good place for them to visit who need the quickening that comes from catholic fellowship in Bible study. ELMIRA, N. Y. rR THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION AT BUFFALO. BY MRS. CAROLINE H. DALL,

THE members of this Association always look forward with interest to their meet- ings; partly on account of the pleasant hospitality they receive, but more for the unrestrained intercourse which enables them to get and to give what correspond- ence can never convey in the way of stim- ulus. With Buffalo they had pleasant associa- tions, for it was at Buffalo, in 1866, that they first resumed their meetings, after the

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2 THE INDEPENDENT. [September 7, 1876, terrible interruption of the civil war. It is pleasant to see that most of the scientists this year have gone to the families that ree ceived them first; and I have heard more than one invitation repeated for meetings in the distant future. Prof. Hilgard retired, and Prof. Wm. B. Rogers took the chair, beloved of. everybody, but somewhat. hard to hear. After the work of organizing, came first the addresses of the vice-presidents—Prof. Charles Young, of Hanover, and Prof. Edward B. Morse, of Salem. Prof. Young belongs to the section of mathematics and physics, and he gave a rapid, able, and most comprehensive survey of the last century’s progress in astronomy in ‘this country. Prof. Morse, who belongs to natural history and geology, treated of the development of the doctrine of evo- lution among our own_ people, and the very choice of the method of treatment curiously illustrated the characters of the two men. Prof. Young treated the subject centevnially, because he was in sympathy with the time, and, as he said, held it sea- sonable, By the nature of his subject, Prof. Morse was compelled to do the same thing; but he dismissed the idea with a contemptu- ous sniff: “‘What was a century? Not a natural time-mark, but something which began and ended every day.” At the close of his address he claimed that the magnifi cent discoveries of Prof. Marsh had settled the subject he treated, and that evolution was no longer a matter of doubt. How one does wish the scientists would tell us what evolution is, so that we might go to the fight in the proper armor. I, for one, don’t care to be wounded in the heel. I believe it was on the first day that the eminent chemist, Prof. Barker, of Phila- delphia, delivered a most admirable address on the ‘Molecule and the Atom.” It is well known to the public that the discov- eries of the chemist are far in advance of any proper system of nomenclature or any intelligible series of equations. Prof. Bar- ker catalogued the late discoveries, showing that there had been many during even the last three years; and then went on to the discussion of thermo-dynamics’ in its rela- tion to the constitution of the molecule. An atom is the smallest particle that can enter into definite combinations. A mole- cule is the smallest particle of matter which retains its characteristics, and may contain many atoms. Of course, the size of both atom and molecule varies with the sub- stance concernei, The discussion was a very learned one; but you will not be sur- prised to hear that the use of words in the treatment made a good deal of fun for the members. Tt was admitted that atoms within a molecule were seld6m at rest—in- deed, it was thought that each might be called agmere vortex. And so, when pan- genesis and other cabalistic matters came to be discussed, the ignorant comforted themselves by turning away from empty , ‘* vortices.” wa Huxley arrived on the 25th. I observe that the newspapers are calling this a very brilliant meeting. Brilliant people are present and some splendid papers have been read; but it is not a brilliant meeting. I never remember so few papers or such a dawdling with work. In the first place, the summer has been very hot, and even idle people feel weary. Next, our scientific men are doing treble duty—in their professions, at the Centen- nial, as judges, and in the various centen- nial meetings of the societies to which they are attached. And, lastly, andi the pres- ent connection most importaif, they were all waiting for Huxley. On Friday morning Prof. Rogers introd- duced to the audience, with many excess- ive words of welcome, the.scientist. best known to the youth of to-day. He was re- ceived with loud applause, and spoke after- ward in one of the sections in comment on one of the papers by Burt Wilder, in which he had been so freely quoted that he could hardly keepsilence. To all intents, how- ever, his response to the address of wel- come was the speech. He is a dark-skinned, dark-eyed, dark-haired man, below the usual hight, a little slouchy in figure, with the perceptive faculties largely developed. He holds his head a little on one side, and fingered his watch-seal as he spoke. I think no one would remark him who did not know who he was, yet his head is large and his eye penetrating. His voice was almost inaudible. He spoke without en- thusiasm, but not without interest. His address showed great tact, and made three } points, allcalculated to flatter the vanity of his hearers: : 1st. He had heard that the American people were degenerating physically; but he did not think so, The average Amer- ican was letger tham the average English- man. 2d. He felt with shame that where an Englishman grew rich it was his ambition to buy an estate and found a family; but when an American grew rich he apparently , flesired to do something to benefit his peo- ple. Witness the superb museums and the new dormitories he had just seen at Harvard and Yale. 3d. Whereas all the material in Europe could not lift his pet theory of evolution out of the region of speculation and argu- ment, the museum of Professor Marsh, at New Haven, had already lifted it into the region ofhistory. Evolution has happened. The only question which remains is: How did it happen? In regard to the first of these points, Prof. Huxley’s experience has been rather lim- ited; for since he landed in this country he has probably seen quite as many strangers as Americans, unless he refers to the farm- ers of Connecticut and Massachusetts, who have had so hard a fight with Mother Earth ‘that they do develop a good deal of muscle. In regard to the second point, I will give you an interesting anecdote, which I think he could not read without a blush. We have many strangers here. Castel- lani has given usa paper on Etruscan jew- elry. The Egyptian commissioner, Sagel, has come with his wife, and means to sce Japan before he returns. But Rudolph Koenig has read us a paper on the phe- nomena produced by the union of two sounds. Koenig has invented all the supe- rior acoustic instruments in the world, as well as most of the largest. Heisona level with Helmholz and Tyndall as regards the originality of his experiments. Heisa brilliant German speaker, and, in showing us how sounds sheathed, sheltered, or an- nihilated each other, used more gesticula- tion than the Italian. ? Of him the following romantic story was told. During the Franco Prussian War, when he had just perfected many of his instruments and was surrounded by the trophies of his genius, he was suddenly ordered to leave Paris, His manufactory represented not only all he had in the world, but also all he had borrowed. He hesitated, in despair; and while he hesitated an En- glishman appeared. ‘‘ I have taken a fancy to this thing,” said he. ‘‘I want to buy the factory.” «You are insane!” said Koenig, wildly. “Maybe,” said the Englishman, shrug- givg hisshoulders. ‘‘ Meanwhile, I want it. Name your price.” Koenig did so; and, uncertain and be- wildered, named a very low price, which the man gave him on the spot. At that time no one knew whether the war would last one year or ten. Koenig went home. The Englishman sat on the cushioned chair in his office. To the pre- fect (the policeman) and the soldier he said: ‘‘This is English property. It must be re- spected.” More than two years passed. Koenig returned, found the property safe, and, returning to the Englishman exactly the price he had received, entered once more into possession, with a joyful heart All this time Koenig did not know his friend's name, and, in spite of Huxley’s pre- possessions, he was an Englishman. The German friend who told this story, in a sort of indignant comment on the evo- lutionist’s remark, added, as he finished: ‘We would forgive that man, whatever snob possible he should be.” We might; but he was no snob. Of that Franco-German War I heard an- other anecdote, which occurred within the family of one of the scientists present. A Prussian, somewhat remarkable for his thorough knowledge of French, Ger- man, and English, was hit by a bullet. in the temple, which nearly cost him his life. After a long and dangerous illness, he slowly recovered, and his friends, desiring to brighten his convalescence, sent him all manner of books and papers. To their surprise, it was found that all knowledge of English had been blotted outef his mind, while he continued to speak French and German as usual. He did not know that he had ever known it and complained of the barbarous-looking tongue he was ex- pected to read. At the last accounts he had not attempted to recover the knowledge so lost. The anecdote is very interesting, both physi- ologically and psychologically. In the paper of Castellani he told us how he had rediscovered the lost Etruscan art in jewelry. He found it still existing in a rudimentary way among the peasants in the mountains, and induced them to try to perfect the manufacture. He was obliged to have recourse to women’s fingers for the more delicate parts; and if he had known more of ruder manufactures he would have known that that was not an excep- tional fact. Dr. Daniel Wilson, of Toronto, well known as an author and as the friend of Edward Forbes, gave a paper on ‘Brain Weight,” etc., in the ethnological section. It was very valuable. It showed that the most civilized aborigine of this continent— namely, the Peruvian—had the lightest brain and the smallest head; and that, since this is certain, some other element than weight and size must enter into our con- ception of brain-power. Dr. Wilson did not say what this element was; but the importance of the convolu- tions and markings of the brain has. long been acknowledged. They are to the brain of man what stratification is to the geology of a continent, and are the first things ob- literated when “‘ softening ” takes place. We have, however, good reason for be- lieving that muscular power is proportioned to the amount of convolution. What Dr. Wilson wants might be found in the texture of the gray and white matter. I do not suppose that two brains of perfectly iden- tical and homogeneous texture ever existed, any more than two brains of identical con- volution. Housekeepers know very well that this is the case with the brains of pigs and calves, even when they are called healthy; and that they are often unfit for culinary use because of their texture mere- ly. Ithink the matter is worthy the atten- tion which it has not received. On Saturday the Association went to Niagara, the great generosity of General Porter’s family having thrown open all doors, and Mr. Bush, upon the Canadian shore, offering generous entertainment The day was perfect, almost cold, and rainbows abounded. The rapids were more magnificent than ever, for the river is four feet deeper than its wont. I have no time to treat Huxley’s third point; but at Niagara this world always seems to touch another, and, however nat- urally the second is evolved from the first, the process is divine and the transmitted molecules carry with them the ‘‘ vortices” of the spirit. ‘‘I thank thee,” scientist, ‘for teaching me that word.” BUFFALO, N. Y., August 26th, 1876. SOME ENGLISH PROBLEMS. BY THE REV. W. W. NEWTON. “THEY manage these things better in France,” Fras my Uncle Toby’s reflection in Lawrence Sterne’s story. And in this way it has become a proverb that in other lands than ours.everything is better than with us. We do not realize the blessings and good points of our own domestic or national management until we go to other homes and other nations, and learn that they, too, have the same troubles and perplexities with which we are: burdened. The bad- ness of boys is an outspoken badness. They keep nothingin. They speak out all their naughtiness, unmindful of conventional re- straints; while their equally sinful but curbed mammas and sisters smother their feelings until the door is shut and the com- pany has retired. And this is the way with our outspoken republics, Every murder, every case of political corruption, every party swindle or official jobbing gets right out into the newspapers, just as the teazing measles come out upon the baby’s face; and the baby, in consequence of this forth- putting of the disease, does not die, The account of the Queen’s passage through the streets of London, the other day, to open Parliament in person, revealed in a picturesque way some of the strange problems of English Tife and thought at present. i Os Greg's Cassandra-like warnings, recently od in the Contemporary Review, under the title of “ Rocks Ahead,” give us a doleful enough view of the immediate future of English national life.. The three national dangers he thee discusses are: (1) The political supremacy of the lower class- es; (2) The approaching industrial decline of England; (38) The divorce of the intelli- gence of the country from its religion. ‘There exist, no doubt,” he adds, ‘‘ many minor perils; but these are vital. And of these the first is political, the second eco- nomical, and the third intellectual and moral; and all of them may be termed social in a serious degree.” We cannot attempt to follow our learned friend through the pages of his argument with anything like a true review of his facts and inferences. The book is very suggestive and very doleful. The pessimism of it is something stronger even than Buckle or the political economists of the last century. There is a kind of a reveling in misery which is like the indigo- blue tub of a wash-day morning. And when the answers come in and the various questions he proposesare lightened up in any way, still, like Mr. Maw-worm praying at the horse-race, he says, as he is hurried off the scene: ‘‘I likes to be despised.” The political supremacy of the lower classes is the first danger he notices. He declares that, if an orator or historian were to refer to the Revolution of 1867, few would understand what he meant. Yet in that year, he thinks, a transformation was accomplished in the political constitution of England so complete and thorough that few revolutions in modern times have been more sweeping. This Revolution of 1867 was the Reform Bill, which has taken the command of the representation out of the hands of the propertied classes, and puts it into the hand of the wage-receiving classes. As he himself says, ‘‘it transfers electoral preponderance—that is, in fdct, electoral supremacy—from property to proletairism, from capital to labor. In round numbers, the population of the kingdom may be divided into eight millions of persons who hold property of some sort and twenty-four millions of persons who hold no property, but subsist by the labor of their hands.” This state of things Mr. Greg thinks is decidedly revolutionary; for in England, with the-settled barrier-lines of caste and class bias, it will surely come to pass that class will pull against class, and thus the lower classes will become triumphant, through their pumbers, at the polls, and will pack and crowd and command the all but omnipotent power of the House of Commons. Strangely enough, this prophecy has shown us symptoms of fulfillment in the elections of a year ago. Not since Crom- well’s time and the days of the Long Par- liament has the English House of Com- mons been so radical, either in its repre- sentatives or in its constituency. Never, in fact, has there been such fillibustering in Parliament elections as has been the case with the elections for the last two years. James Fitz James Stephen is defeated on a popular vote by Jenkins, the author of “* Ginx’s Baby ” and ‘‘ The Devil’s Chain,” and Dr. Kenealey goes in with a wide sweeping majority as the representative of the down-trodden Tichborne Claimant. If we could imagine Charles Sumner or Henry Wilson defeated by Josh Billings or Mark Twain we could then compre- hend what the complexion of Congress would be and how well it could do its legislative work with such popular repre- sentative material as this. Certainly the history of American legislation has been a uniform showing of more than averagely- competent business men. We have kept, as arule, to the business idea in national politics. Our danger has been that of falling into the hands of unscrupulous pol- iticians; scarcely, in any but a few cases, into the hands of incempetent ones. But with this new complexion in English pol- itics, with popular demagogues elected especially for the sole purpose of furthering ' Septe — some class gnd defiar jeague, it miscellan English semble, it Assembly bad sount to settle t governmeé Upon t plexion 0 as follow of Parlia illiterate find thei! and the 1 ponderat and altet their old moralize two—by scope, a jects of you can electora wisdom tives th ing the can est: conseq He t! Switze cantly experi The or de baleful loomir Thu: ments ufactu dance Britis! mous on to mathe positin ish 1 chara tivent hance reaso tion « thou; deal sadde cost ¢ to co he th cious this 1 surv'

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' September 7, 1876.] THE INDEPENDENT. sci - _— e—— some class bias or of helping some radical | and defiant trades’ union or workingman’s jeague, it is hard to tell where this popular miscellancousness will end. Already the English House of Commons begins to re- semble, in some small degree, the French Assembly; and the French Assembly has a pad sound in the past and seems powerless to settle the future direction of the national government to-day Upon this feature of the changed com- plexion of Parliament Mr. Greg concludes as follows: “‘Itis true that the personnel of Parliament may be little changed. Few jlliterate candidates or mere artisans may find their way into the House of Commons, and the rich and noble may in future pre- ponderate there asmuch as ever. The new and altered constituencies may not discard their old representatives; but they will de- moralize them—far the worst evil of the two—by lowering the tone, contracting the scope, and warping and diverting the ob- jects of their policy. For, if you fancy that you can lower the average intelligence of an electoral body without lowering the average wisdom and character of the representa- tives that body will return you are dream- ing the foolishest of all dreams—that you can establish a cause and yet escape the consequence.” He then quotes the examples of France, Switzerland, Belcium, ‘‘ and. more signifi- cantly still, the United States ” as affording experimental confirmation of this position." The “approaching industrial exhaustion or decline of G-eat Britain” is the next baleful rock which this Cassandra sees looming up before the English mind. Thus far Mr Greg thinks that the tbree ele- ments which have given England her man- ufacturing supremacy have been the abun- dance of coal and iron, the character of British workmanship, and England’s enor- mous command of capital. He then goes on to show, by what seems to be almost mathematical demonstration, that there is a positive exhaustion of coal-field; that Brit- ish labor has manifestly deteriorated in character: and that the diminished produc- tiveness of laborimplies, of necessity, en- hanced cost of the article produced. The reasoning throughout this entire por- tion of his work is very acute and striking, though, like so many of those writers who deal with the philosophy of despair, it is saddening in the extreme. The increased cost of production and the probable failure to command any new leverage of capital, he thinks, ‘‘must be Cangerous and perni- cious and fatal to the country ”; and with this three-ply argument he measures and surveys the second great rock of destruc- tion looming up in the immediate future of Great Britain. To third and last rock ahead upon which England is about to make shipwreck is the divorce of the intelligence of the country from its religion. THis statement of this position is as follows: ‘‘T allege that in En- gland the highest intelligence of the nation is not only not in harmony with the nation’s creed, but is distinctly at issue with it; does not accept it; largely, indeed, repudi- ates it in the distinctest manner; or, for peace and prudence’s sake, discountenances it by silence, even where it does not demur , to it in words; and that in this disharmony and divorce lies a grave and undeniable peril for the future. The fact is not new; but its dimensions are. The disharmony is spreading to many classes.and is assuming a more pronounced significance. No candid observer will deny it, and no wise patriot or statesman will regard it as a matter to be ignored .” Mr. Greg then reviews the breaking up of the old historic traditional faith, both in France and in Germany, quite after the the manner of Buckle and his school, and asks: Is there no way of escape from the revolution that is before them? with an ominous shake of the head and a squint at Positiveism, as the only reconciliation be- tween the inductive demands of science and the deductive assumptions of theology. It is surely a strange scene which he em- phasizes with his fears. That which Bel- gium has been to Europe in her tidal war- fares England is to-day in the sphere of mental conflict. The ground-swell of Rad icalism in politics, in religion, in philos Ophy, and in social science breaks upon her insular Anglo-Saxon strength from the restless, troubled face of Europe. French politics and German philosophy break in a chop-sea upon England’s average common sense; and the result is present confusion, but an ultimate settlement. Such satires as “The Comedy of Convocation,” ‘‘The Battle of Dorking,” ‘‘Dame Europa’s School,” and ‘Modern Christianity a Civilized Heathenism” reveal England’s present manifold perplexities. Who can cast the horoscope of the future over the problem of England’s Christianity? The dapper diplomacy of Disraeli may de- Yay for a season the break-up of church and state; but the very bottom is tumbling out of this national establishment and it cannot last long. But whether Cardinal Manning, or the Dissenters, or some one of the different schools in the present state. church, or the Positivists, or the Huxley- Spencer school, or the Ritualists will p'ck up the scattered fragments of the state- church and make it over into something new remains as one of the greatest of En- glish problems. “There are inevitable signs of some readjustment of the old faith; but we can say, with Ariel, in ‘‘ The Tempest”: * Noth ng of it that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange.” AUGUSTINE’S LATE LOVE. ** Sero Te amavi.’’—AUGUSTINE. BY PROF. W. M. BLACKBURN. I LovED Thee late ; though early I well kvew From saintly mother what to Thee was due. And such a mother! following her child From home to cities, where in riot wild l lived and sometimes prayed, without a vow: ‘Lord, give me purity ; but give not now.”’ I loved thee late, Lord! years Of strife waged hard between desires and fears. Thy word now checked me; now my will gave rein To lusts that drew me deep in vice again. Yet well | knew that, seeking to be free, The heart is restless till it rests in Thee. After shameful TI loved Thee late ; and had I never known That mother’s love which brought to me Thine own, My soul had never panted in its thirst For pardon from my Lord, who loved me first. O Patience wonderful! Thou didst not hate The lingering heart of him who loved Thee late. I loved Thee late ; nor did my love begin Till ruin came, as my reward for sin. A wreck washed on the rock of saving grace Was I when Thou didst show to me Thy face; With gentle shining scatter all my blindness And with new life grant me Thy loving kind- ness, I loved Thee late ; too late Lloved Thee, Lord. Yet not so late but Thou dost still afford The proof that Thou wilt bear with winning art One sinner more upon Thy loving heart. And may I prove, when all this life is past, Though late I loved, [ loved Thee to the last. THE SOUTHERN QUESTION. BY THE REV. WASHINGTON GLADDEN. i THE truth must begin to dawn upon the dullest minds that the Southern question is aserious one. Its urgency has long been felt by careful students of history and of human nature; but even among those who have proved by great sacrifices their devo- tion to the freedom of the Negro and the integrity of the nation there has been but a dim apprehension of the perils that now plainly confront us. The average American has great confi- dence in political remedies for disorders of allsorts, moral, social, and economical. His panacea is the ballot. The way to mend avy grievance is to make a political ques- tion of it; get the parties to shy at it in their platforms and the people to ‘‘ pronounce upon it” at the next election. If anything is wrong, ‘‘Go to! Let us vote upon it!” says the true American. If the wrong con- tinues, the dose must be increased. What is needed is more voting; or perhaps in obstinate cases a little more office-holding. The welfare of thé nation is exactly pro- portioned to the quantity of the voting; its quality isa matter of less concern. The millennium will be reached (so some good people think) when every human being, white and black, male and female, old and young, shall vote as often as he eats—three times every week day and twice on Sun- days. Cherishing this lively faith in the efficacy . of the ballot, many of our good Christians at the North felt that the bestowment of the suffrage upon the emancipated Negroes of the South had given to the Southern question its final answer. Not only was the bond- man disenthralled; the nation was redeemed. That weapon, missile, projectile, or what not, which “ Falls as snow-flakes on the sod, But executes the freeman’s will As lightning does the will of God,” had been placed in the hands of every Southern Negro, and the victory of the right was secure. But just now it begins to be evident that it makes a difference whether the freeman’s willisa good will ora bad will; that the execution of an un- intelligent volition is not necessarily a boon; and that, while lightnings in the fists of Jove may be messengers of righteousness, they are not pretty playthings for Caliban or forSambo. Not only has the enfranchise- ment of the Negro failed to settle the South- ern question; it has added another and a bigger interrogation point. The difficulties in the way of its settlement were never more formidable than in this centennial year. The testimony of Mr. Redpath, re- cently presented to the readers of THE INDEPENDENT, shows us something of the nature of the complication. It is altogether too plain that the blacks in some portions of the South bave suffered at the hands of the whites terrible violence and outrage. It is equally plain that the whites in the same places have suffered from the corruptions and extortions of Negro majorities and Negro office-bolders wrongs which the peo- ple of no Northern state would quietly en- dure. The ballot was given to the Negro in the ex- pectation that it would protect him, educate him, and make him an element of strength, rather than of weakness, in the state. Neither of these results has been realized. With the ballot in his hands, he has been driven to the wall in Mississippi, where his race is in the majority; just as he will sure. ly be in South Carolina and in Louisiana, unless Federal bayonets protect him. The ballot in his hands—a ballot which he can- not read—bas not greatly stimulated him in his search for knowledge. Office and political plunder were as free to the ignor ant as to the educated. Why should he trouble himself to get an education, when wealth and power v.zre easily enough ob- tained without it? ‘and, instead of adding to the strength of the state, he is at this moment the source of its greatest peril. It is very plain, then, that political reme- dies are not going to cure the Southern thalady. Neither by voting nor by. office- holding is the Negro protected in his rights or raised in the scale of civilization. A vote is a tool in the use of*which skill and wisdom may be gained by those who already possess a certain degree of knowl- edge and judgment; but all those who !ack this modicum of intelligence will injure themselves and the state if they are per- mitted to handle it. An open jack-knife is an excellent thing for a boy, but not for an infant; and avery large share of those to whom the Fifteenth Amendment gave the suffrage were no better qualified to use it than a child two years old is qualified to wield an open knife. With the ballot, they have placed in office rascals who have robbed the state; and the wrath of ‘he plundered recoils upon them with terrible effect. Doubtless there is often mingled with the resentment of the plundered whites a much less excusable passion—a bitter and wicked race prejudice; and it is the combination of these two motives to violence which makes the problem a difficult one to manage, The methods of solution suggested by the Senate committee will scarcely commend themselves to the judgment of the people. To put these Southern communities under mar- tial law or to disfranchise or destroy the state governments are harsher measures than tbe people are ready to adopt. In some way the blaeks must be protected from violence, and for this protection they must, no doubt; depend in some communities upon the projects are not to be thought of. The people who would not tolerate secession from the nation will hardly resort to ex- pulsion from the nation as a_ political penalty. The disfranchisement of the Negroes is equally impossible. When we took the black man into the political household we took him ‘‘for better for worse.” From that contract we cannot recede. The method of reconstruction which we chose at the end of the war may not have been the wisest. one; but we are committed to it and must make the best of it. To keep the peace as far as possible between the hostile races; .to protect the blacks from violence at the hands of the whites; to prevent the utter overthrow of republican government in the disturbed states is about all that the Federal power can do. For the rest we must depend upon weapons that are not carnal. THE INDEPENDENT said rightly that the only hope for the Southis in ‘‘the edu- cation and Christianization of the Negro,” and that this is ‘‘a slow process.” So much the greater need, then, that it be pushed from this hour with all energy; so much the greater misfortune that it has been prosecuted hitherto with so little vigor. The South is now and has been for the past twelve years the objective point upon which patriotism, philantbropy, and religion ought to have concentrated their forces. There is more to be lost or won upon that field for God and humanity than anywhere else in the world. And yet there are hundreds of thousands of professing Christians who never give a dollar in aid of educational and missionary work in the South; thou- sands of churches in which no collections are ever taken for this purpose; and multi- tudes of really benevolent persons who give ten times as much in bebalf of Madagascar and Abyssinia as they do in bebalf of Mississippi and South Carolina. The lurid light that is thrown upon the Southern question by Hamburg massacres and Senate reports ought to make it plain to all good Christians that a work of immense import- ance is waiting to be done at the South; that it is a work that cannot be accomplished by political methods, but must be carried on by moral and spiritual agencies; and that what is done ought to be done quickly. GLASGOW CATHEDRAL, WITH ITS CONTRASTS ANDO SURPRISES. — BY JAMES JACKSON JARVES. In this age -@f restlessness and excite- ment the veteran traveler has no small difficulty in bagging a genuire surprise, especially as the omnipresent photograph is tolerably certain to have anticipated his steps and taken the bloom of novelty off every fresh sight long before he can reach it. At the best, he can only verify his sec- ond-hand impressions, and perhaps is more interested .1n testing the accuracy of the sun-pieture than the beauty or strangeness of the object itself. To my mind, it is‘an open question whether photographs most stimulate a thirst for travel or tend to quench it. In one sense they are a sort of suggestion of that attribute of mind which, when divested of its coating of matter, by mere exercise of will, shall bring all things within its mental cognizanee, as if tangibly present. Certainly it would be a great convenience to summon a Pyramid or an Alps to appear at individual option: but until this hour arrives we must be content either with summoning photographs of bodily going to the object ourselves, Recently I had the good fortune, in escap- ing these not infrequently unwelcomed truth-tellers, the above-named photographs, to hit upon a precious surprise wcrth re- cording. Glasgow being one of the great links’ in oceanic travel between Eu- rope ani America, its cathedral ought to be almost as familiar to trans-Atlantic eyes as Westminster Abbey itself. But be- cause it is 'so conveniently at hand few trayv- elers go'to see it, perhaps shrinking from facing the squalor and repulsiveness of the quarter of the city where it is situated. This neglect is'a great mistake. Passing along the dens of poverty and dubious call- ings, through hordes of barefooted women, in filthy rags, too frequently whisky-logged, with innumerable bemired brats and crones to match, on ‘a sudden, ascending a slight Federal Government; but revolutionary elevation, on which stood the old castle of

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the city, now replaced by a hospital, turn- ing abruptly to his right, the visitor faces an architectural and panoramic sight which would be considered remarkable anywhere. Sinking into the valley before him, with a gradual but somewhat steep decline, is the venerable twelfth-century cathedral, not greatly changed in outward form sin¢e its erection. Although having recanted its Roman faith, it is still a well-preserved specimen of early English ecclesiastical architecture, though its stained-glass win- dows, of modern Munich fabrication, give it somewhat the look of an antiquated belle with too youthful ribbons in her toilet. Externally, because of its position in the bed of the valley, it looks stunted in hight; and not until the visitor is directly beneath its walls do its proportions have fair play. Still, ina land where so many fine cathedrals abound, this one has no special call on our notice by itself. Its peculiar attraction lies in its grouping with other objects, making collectively a unique spectacle. The chief of these, rising abruptly in its rear and forming a striking background, is the Necropolis of Glasgow, rightly called by its Greek name. Everywhere else burial-grounds are cemeteries with, at least, a Christian outlook or sentiment expressed. But this one immediately takes the mind back to Pagan fashions of laying out cities of the dead so as toresemble in general features and plan the cities of the living, the classical style of the tombs, monu- ments, and general arrangements being patterned after the former. All is white, cold, crowded, monumental, treeless. Tiers and terraces of the architecture of the dead, in pretentious silence, eschewing those pleasant rural comminglings and gracious associations with Nature which give American cemeteries their distinctive charm, rise abruptly until they terminate in a high horizon of the tallest and most elaborate monuments, glistening in the sun and two-fold white and glaring because of the sootiness of the general at- mosphere overhanging the town and de- positing on its buildings its layers of smut, until all the dwellings of the living population look asif im perpetual mourn- ing for the dead, a widespread pall falling over every one of them. To the right and left, back and front of the Necropolis— which lifts like an island in their midst and overlooks them—there is a sea of blackened roofs and walls, rising and falling like the crests of waves, sweeping over the numer- ous abrupt hills on which Glasgow is built. Indeed, their resemblance to breakers tumultuously pouring over reefs of rocks is very striking and helps make up a most singular view, which becomes all the more strange from the multitude of tube-shaped chimneys, some of which are upward of four hundred feet in hight, a forest of naked and gaunt trunks of brick, spouting unceasingly lurid flame and smoke, asif they were the 6utlets of places of torment in the depths of the earth beneath. Strange contrasts and combinations! A thoroughly Pagan burial-place, in natural features and architecture, ostentatious and inbarmoniously new, overflowing with its speechless population, is set in a girdle of smoking manufactories, with their grimy, sky-piercing shafts, overlooking the quiet, medieval cathedral, which forms the center of the spectacle, with its Christian heart protesting against, yet holding together the best it can, this extraordinary tanglement of an overtasked and ever-dying humanity, and proffering to it such spiritual cheer and hope in a future life as it can get out of its Hebrew-born, loftier idealisms of soul and sense. ; The cathedral itself is environed with flat gravestones, with their inscriptions mostly worn out by the restless feet of the living, to whom they serve as vulgar pavements, They are placed in regular, close-touching rows, with the heads of the deceased facing the east, as was the custom of old Scot- land, awaiting the first signs of the coming of their Saviour from that quarter, when they would be reinvested in their mortal bodies and rise to meet him in judgment and receive their eternal doom, for bliss or misery. For six centuries, perhaps longer, dust to dust of continuous generations has thus been here deposited and mixed, each grain awaiting its summons to reform itself

[September 7, 1876, ——————————————————————— —————

in the flesh of its individual owner—a fact to be, in their beliefs, which no science can shake or reason disprove. Patiently and quietly this population, that no man can number, is biding the trumpet-call out of the east of their Lord; whilst inside the cathedral this dogma is still preached with its primitive earnestness and faith, and is rarely questioned, I should judge, from what I heard within the shadows of its walls. If it make men and women go down to these beds of death in more repose of spirit and fuller of pleasant hopes for eternity, why should it be made to cease its solace? But what are those rows of iron cages, big enough to hold elephants, that line the outer walls of the cathedral grounds and stretch across them in regular rows behind the building, all empty; as if a huge menagerie of wild beasts had encamped here, and the animals, after devouring their keepers, hadescaped? There they stand in scores, silent, tenantless, grim, and fore- boding; suggesting uses in keeping with the tortures of the Inquisition or the ten- der mercies of Venetian statecraft. Any ferocious conqueror like Timour, who had captive Bajazet’s sultans to lead about and expose to the scorn and ill-treatment of his barbarous soldiery, would have rejoiced in a collection of these cages. Their iron ribs have a skeleton aspect and hint at ghastly and brutal deeds. Of all the contrasts and surprises here gotten together these are the strangest and most enigmatical. They beget the dismalest fancies antagonistic to Chris tian faith, as symbolized in the architecture of the cathedral. Indeed, beside it not even a gallows ora guillotine could be more offensive to the eye or discordant to the feeling. In vain I pondered on their uses and causes. Finally an old inhabitant passed, to whom I appealed to solve the mystery. ‘‘ These,” said he, ‘‘ were placed over the graves to prevent body-snatchers from lifting the corpses, to sell to medical students, at the time when this crime was rife hereabouts and Burke gave to it his own name, as the chief of the criminals.” What a comment on the civilization of a great city—iron-clad graves in its very cen- ter, to protect its dead, still existing, and no one having the good taste or common sense to propose their removal! Imagine how Trinity Churchyard, in New York, would look if almost every twelve feet square of its surface were covered over with one inch bar-iron cages, eight to ten feet high, wrought in the strongest manner of prison- cells, and my readers will get a mild idea of the cathedral cemetery of Glasgow as it even now exists, so long after body-snatch- ing has become an extinct crime. FLORENCE, ITALY, August, 1876.

THE CONCLUSION. BY SAMUEL T. SPEAR, D.D.

THE present article completes the some- what extended series which has appeared in THE INDEPENDENT with reference to the question of religious instruction and wor- ship in the public schools of this country. The three central topics of the series are these: 1. A statement of the question to be considered. 2. A general view of civil government in application to such a ques- tion. 3. The principles of our American system of government, both state and nation al, in relation to the subject of religion. To the first of these topics the first seven articles were specially devoted, bearing the following titles: 1. The New Political Programme. 2. The Roman Catholics. 3. The Protestants. 4. The School Problem. 5. Secular Education. 6. Religious Teach- ing by the State. 7. The Bible in the Public Schools. F The subject as thus explained raised the question whether it falls within the legit- imate province of civil government to under- take the work of administering, regulating, supporting, propdyating, or teaching re- ligion, or attempting to perform any func- tion in regard to it beyond that of simply protecting the people in the peaceable and orderly exercise of their religious liberty, and especially whether such a work would be in harmony with the political and civil institutions of this country. The first or generic aspect of this twofold question was considered in the next eight articles, whose

titles are as follows: 1. The Unchristian Method. 2. Governmental Jurisdiction. 3. State Theology. 4. Civil Government. 5. The Political Value of Religion. 6. State Personality. 7% State Conscience toward God. 8. The Majority Conscience. _ Each of the above articles was framed in view of the fact that the direct and immediate issue before the American people is not the general question of church and state, but the specific question of Bible- reading and religious instruction and wor- ship in our public schools. This question is merely a branch of the larger one, that relates to the attitude which civil govern- ment should assume and maintain with reference to religion. All the general principles that are applicable to the latter are equaliy so to the former. The only difference between the two questions is in their extent. The conclusion reached from the survey of the more extended field is that civil government, as such, should have nothing to do with the work of administering, sustaining, or teaching religion, and that on this subject its only legitimate function consists in affording an impartial protection to all the people in the exercise of their religious liberty, while so limiting this ex- ercise as to make it compatible with the peace and good order of civil society. It has taken the world a long time to discover and embody this elementary truth, and even now the discovery and embodiment are limited to a small portion of the race, It is practically an unknown truth to the greater part of mankind. The acceptance of this general doctrine in regard to the province of civil govern- ment settles the school question and all other questions that come within the range of its application. The public school, as an institution of the state, exists and is reg- ulated by its authority, and is, moreover, supported by compulsory taxation. To prescribe for it a religious system to be taught therein or forms of worship to be practiced is to determine by the authority of the state what the system or forms of worship shall be, and then to compel the people to pay the expenses thereof. Such a coerced support of religion is equivalent to a state religion in the public school, and that, too, whether the religion and the wor- ship coincide with the views arid wishes of the majority or not. All this and much more would be very proper provided the administration or teach- ing of religion comes within the rightful province of civil government; but if this province be simply that of impartial pro- tection, and not at all that of administration or teaching, then, besides being highly im- proper, it is a trespass upon the rights and religious liberty of the people. It is such because it compels them by law to do what should be left to their own discretion. It is especially such in a country where there is great diversity in the religious faith of the people. A school system in which any specific form of religion shall be taught or practiced at the public expense is, among such a people, unjust to all who dissent from that religion, but are, nevertheless, com- pelled to contribute to its support. It puts civil government in a false attitude. It in- vests it with a function that does not belong to it. On this generic ground we believe it both impolitic and wrong to employ our public school system as the means of prop- agating any form of religion. This conclusion we have endeavored to confirm by the study of the constitutional and legal system of this country. The articles relating to this branch of the argu- ment are sixteen in number and bear the following titles: 1. The Divine Right of Civil Government. 2. Christianity and the Common Law. 3. The National Constitu- tion. 4. Religious Amendment of the Con- stitution. 5. The Guaranty of Religious Liberty. 6. State Constitutions. 7. Con- stitutional Rights of Conscience. 8. Tax- ation of Religious Corporations. 9. Sab- bath Legislation. 10. The Civil Oath. 11. National and State Chaplains. 12, Crimi- nal Blasphemy and Profanity. 13. Thanks giving and Fast-day Proclamations. 14. Preambles to State Constitutions. 15. The Law of Religious Societies. 16, Fragment- ger he one inference sought to be derived from this branch of the discussion is that

we have in this country a system of secular governments, established by the authority of the people, for secular and not for. re< ligious purposes, which, when coming in contact with religion, are planned to afford protection to the people in the peaceable ex. ercise and enjoyment of their religion, but not to regulate, support, or teach that re- ligion or to make any discriminations on religious grounds. The Constitution of the United States, so far as applicable to the subject, is constructed on this principle; and the same is for the most part true of the constitutions of the several states. Any divergence from this great principle, as is the fact in some of the state constitu. tions, is merely exceptional to the genera] spirit and purpose of our governmental system. A religious test, as a qualification to hold office, or to perform any political or civil duty, or to enjoy any political or civil right, is such an exception. In two of the states the power of taxation for the support of religion is granted by their constitutions; yet this, too, is an exception, So, also, in most of the states religious corporations are exempted from taxation; yet this, while an inconsistency, surviving by the force of habit and usage after the theory which gave it b'rth is dead, is not based upon religious grounds. Notwithstanding the exceptions that mar the absolute unity and harmony of the system, considered in relation to religion, it is, nevertheless, true that the system, taken as a whole, disclaims all jurisdiction over religion, all right to discriminate among the people for religious reasons, and all right to impose any tax burdens for the support or propagation of religion. We express this general fact by the oft-repeated saying that in this country we have no union between chureh and state. One need but to study its funda- mental laws to see this truth. This constitutional principle is the result of slow but steady growth. Congregational Puritanism was once a state religion in nearly the whole of New England, as was Episcopacy a state religion in Virginia. The original settlers of this country did not in the outset understand or practice the principle of impartial religious liberty. They did not understand the proper limita- tions of civil government; and, hence, they were often oppressors, and sometimes even persecutors, on religious grounds. It has taken the lapse of time, the struggle of con- flicting thought, the progress of ideas, and the intermixture of diverse religious sects in the bonds of a common citizenship to correct the early mistakes of the fathers and their descendants and bring us to the point where it can be truly said that we have established an American doctrine on the subject of religion considered with refer ence to the state. And if there be, as there are, some things still remaining that need to be eliminated in order fully to carry out this doctrine, then, judging from the past, we may anticipate that the work will go steadily forward until the last fragment of anything that partakes of the nature of state religion shall wholly disappear from our political and civil institutions. The tendency of public thought is in this direc- tion and has been for more than a century. The earlier state constitutions have from time to time been changed, in obedience to this tendency, and the most of those of more recent date need no change on the subject of religion. The premise thus derived from the func- tions of civil government, especially as con- stitutionally defined and qualified by the American people, supplies the proper solu- tion of the school question. That solution is clearly the one which grows out of and accords with the fundamental principles of our national and state organization. We can accept no other and put no other into practice without contradicting these princi- ples. The Puritan public school, with the religious catechism and the Bible in it— which was once the public school of New England as New England then was—does not conform to the standard furnished by the American doctrine of government. It gave preference to a religious sect and at the public expense inculcated the special ideas of that sect; and this is plainly oon- trary to the doctrine. The same objection applies with equal force to the Protestant public school, in which King James’s version of the Sacred

Scriptures and religious exercises Protest-

Septey ant in thei rated int Catholic, th all who dis citizens in having pre of the injus for the sup complaint i how itis po ing the pri and state li of reasoni olic public or any Pp organ of re any form. The fata consists in to civil gt belong to. with the / and scope state a re just what its own d when apt doned as system b and all a common enjoyme discrimi class? § mon sch and for a like the taxes th by a wis ject of r and in a to othe support free, at own pl The has bee questio PUBLIC WHOSE TAXIN( BE SIN LY 8K¢ ITS Pt TIONS BE SE1 We tion 01 the ar, exclut just a Catec books judgr It sin culca decli: the ] Ame the p impa unde of re 332

mae wm Mm ww

Page 5

76, == hority ‘or Tes ng in afford dle ex. n, but iat re. Ms On of the fo the 2; and f the ciple, istitu. neral ental ation cal or Civil f the pport tions; also, ‘tions this, ' the 1eory ased ding unity 2d in true aims it to rious tax n of t by ntry and nda- sult onal | in was ee eS 6) | September 7, 1876.] —_—— ant in their type and tendency are incor- porated into its educational system. The Catholic, the Jew, the Infidel, and, indeed, all who dissent from Protestantism, being citizens in common with Protestants and having precisely the same rights, complain of the injustice done to them in taxing them forthe support of such a school. Their complaint is a valid one. We do not see how it is possible to answer it without ignor- ing the principles upon which our national and state life is founded. The same method of reasoning is equally applicable to a Cath- olic public school, a Jewish public school, or any public school which is made the organ of religious instruction or worship in any form. The fatal difficulty with all such schools consists in the fact that, while they assign to civil government functions that do not belong to it, they come into direct collision with the American doctrine as to the nature and scope of its functions. They make the state a religious propagandist, and this is just what it cannot be in consistency with its own doctrine. Shall, then, the doctrine when applied to popular education be aban- doned as false, or shall our public school system be adjusted to it? Shall all religious and all anti-religious sects be placed on a common ground in the full and impartial enjoyment of their citizen-rights, with no discrimination against or in favor of any class? Shall the public school be the com- mon school of the people, of alZ the people, and for all the people, and in this respect be like the government that authorizes it and taxes the people for its support? Shall it, by a wise and just omission, remit the sub- ject of religion in all the forms of the idea and in all the processes of its propagation to other agencies, neither controlled nor supported by the state, but left entirely free, at their own charges, to consult their own pleasure? The design of this entire series of articles has been to supply the true answer to these questions. That answer is this: THE PUBLIC SCHOOL, LIKE THE STATE UNDER WHOSE AUTHORITY IT EXISTS AND BY WHOSE TAXING POWER IT..IS SUPPORTED, SHOULD BE SIMPLY A CIVIL INSTITUTION, ABSOLUTE- LY SECULAR AND NOT AT ALL RELIGIOUS IN ITS PURPOSES, AND ALL PRACTICAL QUES- TIONS INVOLVING THIS PRINCIPLE SHOULD BE SETTLED IN ACCORDANCE THEREWITH. We submit this answer, without qualifica- tion or reservation, as the logical result of the argument. We are quite aware that it excludes the Bible from the public school, just as it would exclude the Westminster Catechism, the Koran, or any of the sacred books of heathenism. It pronounces no judgment against the Bible and none for it. It simply omits to use it and declines to in- culcate the religion which it teaches. This declinature, while expressing no hostility to the Bible, is founded on the fact that an American state cannot, in consistency with the principles of its own organization and impartial justice toward all the people, undertake at the public expense the work of religious teaching or worship in any form of the idea. A state differently organized might do so in consistency with its own principles, but an American state cannot. If there be any fault with the result to Which we have come, then the fault really lies with the structure of our govermental system. The way to correct the fault is to take the back track, to reproduce and re- establish the theory that was imported from the Mother Country and generally prevailed before the Revolution, and thus radically changé our present doctrine of government. This might be done, if the people should so ordain; and if it were done, then the Bible and the Catechism would be in order for the public school. Puritanism would be in order for New England and Episcopacy for Virginia. The appointment of mihisters by the civil authority and the taxation of the people for the support of religion would he in order. Even persecution would be in order. If, however, the people are not prepared to abandon the doctrine in regard to religion which the last century of their history has slowly and steadily incorporated into their political system, and if they thoroughly believe in it as the true doctrine for every government, then let them have the con- oe and the courage to apply it to the : Let the citizen, rather than THE INDEPENDENT. the sectarian, the democrat in the true sense, rather than the bigot and the zealot, decide the schoo] question; and there will soon be no such question to decide. The religious controversy about the public school will come toanend. It ought not to exist at all, and would not exist if the people would here apply the principles which they have placed in the fundamental laws of the land. The mere zealots on this subject can never agree, because their preferences are incom- patible. There is, however, no good reason why American citizens, if willing to meet each other on the basis of their common citizenship, should not come to a perfect agreement in regard to this much-disputed question. Protestanfs who as Protestants fight Catholics and seek to resist their demands in respect to the public school are handling very dangerous weapons, though many of them do ‘not seem to know it. They con- duct the war upon a principle which may at any time be turned against themselves. The true ground, whether for attack or defense, is the one that places the Protestant and the Catholic on an equal footing; and the moment the former takes this position the whole power of our sys- tem of government at once comes to his support. The position is impregnable; and, taking it, the Protestant is sure of a victory— not as a Protestant, but asa citizen. He con- cedes to the Catholic all his rights and sim- ply claims his own. He demands for him- self no more than he is willing to grant to others. This position is a strong one, be- cause it is just and because it exactly ac- cords with the letter and spirit of our civil institutions. Note.—During the publication of these articles several correspondents have inquired whether they would ultimately appear in the book form. The answer is that they will be republished in such form by Dodd, Mead & Co., No. 751 Broadway, New York, toward the close of the present month. 8. T. SPEAR. HYPOCRISY. BY CHARLES F. RICHARDSON, THE brown old cliffs, while merry wavelets play Beneath them, dream a dream of endless youth ; But learn too late, when slinks the tide away, Each laughing ripple has a biting tooth. A GLIMPSE OF HOME-LIFE IN 1776. BY ELLEN D. LARNED. A HUNDRED years ago social distinctions were far more clearly defined than at pres- ent. Democracy had not then leveled the lines. The lower classes were too poor to ape the style of living of the gentry, and thus the homes of the various classes were widely dissimilar. There were aristocratic, palatial homes, the homes of the court circles, the British governmental officials; there were the stately homes of the rich old families in the large towns; the hospitable homes of the old country families, the landed gentry of the colonies; the dignified homes of the clergy; the comfortable homes of the substantial farmer; the humble homes of.the day-laborer; and the huts and hovels passing for homes occupied by the lowest stratum of society. The home that fashions itself most clearly to my mind among them allis one in which a certain little boy was born, Connecticut country home, ranking socially just below the gentry, among the upper hundred of the middle class, a home like those of many men who led in town meet- ings and carried the country through the seven years’ struggle. The head of this household, though yet a young man, had already filled many civil and military offices. Previous to the breaking out of the war he had established a flourishing business, ex- changing the surplus produce of the sur- rounding country for West India goods, in Providence, and through the agency of Rhode Island’s plucky privateers and block- ade-runners was stil] enabled to supply his family and neighbors with those most vital necessities, West India rum and molasses. fnfluential and active in town and business affairs, it would hardly do to designate him as the pole “head of the household,” in March, 1776. A. ~_—_—— — That position would have been disputed by a fair and resolute young woman, who managed its domestic affairs with much skill and efficiency. They had been married some six years, and the little boy of ’76 was their third child. If this little fellow had been born into some familiesin the town, he would have been bundled off three miles, on that same raw March day, to be duly baptized by Priest Russel; but his christening was after quite another fashion. The military com- pany of which his father was lieutenant happened around that very afternoon, and our little boy was brought out and ex- hibited, and hailed as ‘‘ George,” with three rousing cheers, and had his health drunk in good Jamaica. Triplet names were not the fashion. There was but one George in 6 for whom a soldier’s boy could be named, so the Washington was withheld, as an extravagant superfluity. The baptizing was deferred till a more propitious season. George’s mother was of Rhode Island origin and less strenuous upon that point than her Connecticut neighbors; but his father had imbibed too much of the spirit of deaconic ancestry to ignore this important ceremony, so after peace came he publicly “owned the covenant,” and had six children baptized upon the strength of it. Home-life in 1776 was greatly affected and disturbed by the war; but to little George it made little difference. He was a strong, healthy child, full of life and play, and had plenty of people to tend and amuse him. Besides father and mother, sister and brother, there were uncles and aunts, grand- fathers and grandmothers, and a very wonderful great-grandmother, who had reared seven sons and over fifty grand- babies than could be numbered. There was Sam Cheere, the half-breed Indian, full of tricks and capers; and Aunt Nabby, the spinster, crooning dolorous love songs. They lived in a pleasant house, under a spreading elm—a ‘‘ genteel” house, with gambrel roof, dormer windows, and all the modern improvements. Its ‘‘ great room” was the wonder and pride of the neighbor- hood, with its strip of carpet and mahogany chairs, its glass-buffet and picture-tiles about the fireplace. Little George seldom had a peep at its shut-up splendors, nor did he occupy the bed-room save at night and nap-time. In those wide-awake days sleep- ing rooms were of small account. Any nook would answer that would hold a feather-bed and plenty of blankets and woolen coverlets. George’s mother and grandmothers would have scorned the thought of a nursery or nurse-girl. His great wooden cradle stood upon the hearth- stone in the big kitchen, where he could see all that was going on in the family. He could see great logs of wood kindling up and burning away into ashes, their flames reflecting upon the bright pewter of the dresser. There was the high-backed settle, keeping the draughts out; and the round topped table, tipping back after meal- time into an arm-chair. There was baking and brewing, and washing and churning, and dyeing and spinning, and all sorts of work going onaround him. Sometimes the merry cobbler brought his bench there and made the family shoes out of their own cowbides and calf-skins, or the tailor came to fashion the homespun spring garments. As summer came on, he was taken to the workroom, to see the cumbrous loom and its flashing shuttles, and left to tumble on the grass under the great elm, with his little brother and sister. Aunt Nabby, drudging through the week for two and six- pence, could not find time to do up dainty white baby-clothes. Our baby had fine wrought robes, packed away in the high case of drawers in the spare chamber, and rolled about on the grass in simple slips of pa Pre ile the children were playing about, happy and heedless, many grave cares oc- cupied the household. It was a summer of many alarms and anxieties. The seat of war had been transferred from Boston to New York, and forces were marshaling for desperate conflict. Company after company anustered and marched forth to the Continental army, and still more men were demanded, as different points were threatened, The militia of Eastern Con- children and tended and trotted more New London, to Rhode Island, to Long Island, and to the vicinity of New York. These various calls kept our lieutenant upon the march the greater part of the summer, and through the dark September days following the retreat from Long Island. His regiment was then at the front, flying discomfited before the advancing British. Brothers and friends were cut down by his side or hurried off to the fatal prison-ship. Whole companies were strick- en with disease, so that scarcely a man was fit for duty. Yet the distress at home was even greater, if possible, than at the camp. The whole charge of house, farm, and busi- ness, of helpless age and infancy, fell upon the mistress of the household. Anxiety for absent husband and friends and for the safety of the patriot cause and army made these burdens still heavier. Letters from the camp brought only evil tidings. The captain of their company had fallen dead in the retreat from Manhattan Island and friends and neighbors had been slain. Others were suffering from wounds and sickness, and ‘‘no mercy shown them.” The Continentals were retreating from point to point, the British hotly pursuing and closing around them, and any day might witness their utter defeat and an- nihilation. The forts upon the Hudson were in danger and all Western Connecticut open toinvasion. With anxious hearts the wife and grandmothers discussed these terrible prospects and waited further de- velopments, But the next day and the next brought no tidings whatever. There were no mails and telegraphs, with daily com- munications, and no chance messenger ap- peared for many days. The whole neighbor- hood shared the suspense and anxiety. Every able-bodied man had gone into serv- ice. Every household had its anxious women, who, while caring for their homes and gathering the autumn harvest, wearied themselves with vain conjecture. What marvel that a chance report should throw them allintoa panic? News came that their own neighborhood was threatened—that Tories north and south of them had risen, and, with Dudley’s Paygar Indians and Malbone’s muderous Negroes, were march- ing straight upon them, burning and slaugh tering everything before them. Well might a company of decrepit men and helpless women quail at such tidings. ‘‘ The Tor-ies are coming!” ‘The Tor-ies are coming!” was their horrified cry. It was madness to think of withstanding such an onset; so the panic-stricken neighbors at The Corner decided to leave their homes immediately and take refuge in a dismal swamp. An eager boy brought the news to our friends at the Great Elm-tree. Great as was the shock, our lieutenant’s wife was not over- whelmed by it. She was not one to run at the first report of danger. Children and old people, house and goods were in her hands, and she would stand by them to the last and do what she could to defend them. Sending a boy for bullet-molds, she built up a rousing fire in the huge kitchen fire- place, filled it with great iron and brass kettles and every iron implement that could be mustered, and announced her intention of meeting the enemy with scalding water and red-hot irons. Grandmother, with her Calvinistic faith and ninety years, was equally resolute, quietly responding, as she settled back into her chimney-corner: ‘If Iam to be killed by the Tor-ies to-night, why then I shall be. So I’lle’en stay with Becky.” Little George and the other children must have delighted in the clamor and clatter, the great roaring fire, the bullet-running, the sharp-shooting and skirmishing with affrighted neighbors. ‘‘Tell Becky,” said the swamp-seekers, ‘‘that hot irons will never do for the British.” In spite of her heroic example, they hurried off to the place of refuge. ‘‘ Thithter,” pleaded poor old lame Uncle Asa, as he hobbled aiong— “Thithter, I’ve forgot my plathter.” “Hurry up, Asa. You'll never want a plaster again in this world,” replied the comforting sister. The swamp, when reached, was so damp, moist, and unpleasant that all could join with one disconsolate granny in her fervent ejaculation: “ I'd give dram.” One other family remained tranquilly at home, ready te meet whatever might befall it, Good Deacon @, had gone with his fony a wedge of goold as big as my foot for one_

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6 eldest sons to the battle, leaving family and farm in charge of the fifth son, a youth of seventeen. He was a stout young fellow and cou'd handle a musket as well as any lad; but his trust was not in carnal weapons, Hot irons and cold swamps he thought were but vain things for safety. It was a house- hold of the true-blue Puritan type, which had baptized each child when it was eight days old and kept the Sabbach from sunset to sunset in strictest sanctity. Children of the Abrahamic Covenant, why should they fear? Young Joseph went clamly on with his day’s work, after hearing the ticings, ‘did the nightly chores,” and then, calling the family together for their usual evening worship, read comforting words in the old Bible, brought from Dedham, and ‘‘‘ led” in prayer. Thus stayed and comforted, they passed the night in safety. Nothing was heard of the expected invaders. Thd morning brought fresh hope and courage. The weary fugitives stole home from the swamp and ‘‘Becky’s” hot water helped furnish an early breakfast. In the course of the day the report was investigated, and found to have arisen from a trifling affray in a neighboring town, and the frenzied alarm and panic proved wholly without oc- casion, Ridiculous as it was, it had done good service, diverting the careworn women from their worries and surmises and giving the disheartened soldiers something to laugh at. Those who fied to the swamp were overwhelmed with volleys and shafts of ridicule. Their fright and flight and absurd sayings were told all over town, and even carried to camp—a bit of farce be- tween the acts of a somber tragedy. ‘* Becky’s” heroism was greatly commended, and she was thenceforth deemed equal to any emergency. Her courage and endur- ance were afterward severely tested. This ‘*glimpse” gives but one incident out of many. For seven weary years home-life was shadowed by cares and anxieties, pri- vations and bereavements; yet perhaps among them all no darker hours were ex- perienced than those in later life so vividly depicted in stories of ‘‘the Tory alarm” of 1776. THOMPSON, CONN., August 24, 1876. Se YOUR FLOWERS AND MINE. BY IDA WHIPPLE BENHAM. Your flowers were born of sun and dew: Mine of the frost. Your flowers are crimson-dyed and blue And gold.embossed ; While mine are gray as ashes be When fires are dead, Or as the cheeks of infancy Whence life hath fled. jour flowers bloom out. beneath the light, And bees and birds Sing in their breasts from morn till night, Songs without words. Mine crumble in their ancient shrine, Far from the light. To them, howe’er the day may shine, Tis always night. Old letters blotted thick with tears, A broken ring— For these the sewift-returning years Record no spring. The robin in the sweet-briar bush Has ceased his song. I heard it all; but oh! the hush Has been too long. Go, darling, where your roses bloom ; Go and forget That life has winter, frost, and gloom, And keen regret. Dream your dreams bravely to the last Of life’s red wine. Yours all the future ; but the past, The past is mine ! And if at last you need a rose To bind your bowers, You know the casket where repose My withered flowers. THAT was capital advice the Rev. Alfred Taylor gave his fellow Chautauquans in a re- cent address. He bade them ‘(1) wash, and be clean ;°(2) eat, and be strong ; (3) sleep, and be cheerful ; (4) exercise, and be muscular; (5) look up, and be hopeful.” These recipes are not patented. All Christian workers are wel- come to use them and some need to, THK INDEPENDENT eel BAD FARMING. BY THE HON. NEAL DOW. WE speak of the Lord’s vineyard; of sowing the seed—Gospel seed; of prepar- ing the ground; of working in the vine- yard; of toiling in it; of pruning the vines; of digging around the trees and fertilizing them; of watching and waiting for the fruit; and of the harvest—some twenty fold and some an hundred fold. The Lord’s work has been aptly likened to the life and labors of the farmer, the results of whose work will be in proportion to his skill and industry. The farmer, coming upon new ground, does not sow the seed until the ground is properly prepared; and this he will do according to his means and his intelligence in his profession. He fells the forest, burns the trees, tears up the stumps, removes the stones, drains the land, plows it up, harrows it, makes the soil fine, and at the proper time he puts the seed into it; and then, watching and wait- ing and ministering to the crop in all need- ful ways, he confidently expects a remuner- ative harvest. God has willed that it shall be so—-seed-time and harvest, each in its appointed time, in answer to busy, willing hands and feet and hearty, intelligent en- deavor. ; And so the minister of the Gospel, com- ing into his field, surveys the ground, or ought to do so, to discover what are its capabilities and what the impediments to a profitable husbandry. I know there are many men set apart, as they say, to do this work, who consider it no part of their duty to prepare the ground in any way, but who set themselves at once to sowing what they call the seed. They preach what they call good Gospel sermons, bristling with the soundest, most unexceptionable theology. If it be Gospel seed at all which they sow, it is scattered with a free hand on every side, among thorns and brambles and upon stony ground, where there is no depth of soil and where the seed soon perishes, if, indeed, it shows any sign of life. Begin- ning at the Creation, they go all through the world’s early life—the Flood, the calling of Abraham, the Egyptian captivity, the Bubylonian—being very hard upon the sins of all those heathen. And so they come down to modern times; but not so near to our times as to hurt anybody who may be supposed to be sinners in these latter days. And this is called preaching the Gospel. There was a preacher in Maine in the old time, but not one of this sort. He was a Gospel farmer whose whole soul was in his work. There were many such Gospel farmers in those days. His eyes were con- stantly upon his fields, and no swamp-hole, unsightly rock or stump could escape his notice and his best endeavors at a remedy. There was scarcity of corn in his parish, and a great agriculturist there was hoarding his abundant reserves for a higher price; and so Father Moody preached against the sin and shame of hoarding. The rich man braved it out, as if he was not hit by the sermon. He looked up boldly all the while in the preacher’s face, defiantly, until Father Moody stopped in the midst of his preaching and exclaimed: ‘‘ Colonel Blank, why don’t you hang down your head? You know I mean you,” The Gospel farmer, if he is intelligent, earnest, and true, it seems to me, ought to prepare his ground for the seed which he intends tosow. Hindraaces and obstacles ought to be put out of the way as fast and as far as possible, beginning with the most formidable and so on to the whole. Is there any mistake about it that “drink” and the drink trade are the most fomidable obstacles in the way of the progress of the Gospel through the world—a greater hin- drance than all others united? I will not stop hereto say how and why this is so, because every intelligent man knows it to be true, Sin of whatever kind is an ob- stacle to the Gospel; but the drink and the drink trade are the direct and inevitable source of all possible sin and evil of every possible degree of wickedness. It is the forest covering up the soil, so that the sun cannot come to it; it is amiasmatic swamp, full of all manner of vileness, where no good seed can take root and groy; it is the dense thicket of brambles and thorns, where | the good seed must and will be choked; it is the rocky ground, where the good seed will and must languish, droop, and die, {September 7, 1876, AEE Now, the Gospel farmer, it seems to me, should address himself to this important preliminary work, and strive to put out of his way this great obstacle to all profitable labor, to all hope of any remunerative Gos- pel harvest. Many years ago a minister came to a parish of which I was a member. Very little had been done and nothing was then in progress to put this obstacle out of the way of Gospel farming in our town. This minister had been settled there only two or three weeks when he saw what the situation was. On a Saturday evening he came to my house to talk the subject over. ‘What can we do to arrest the attention of the people and to fix it upon this most important matter? Because it is the great thing which, more than any other, needs now to be done.” “To morrow, from the pulpit, give notice of a temperance meeting to be-held in the church in the evening, in which several speakers will take part.” “‘But do you think that will succeed? Will there be no danger of failure? An unsuccessful meeting will leave the evil worse than it was before.” ‘*No fear. It cannot fail. At the open- ing you will say all that is in your heart; and I know what that is. And I will go to-morrow to see Mr. Black and Mr, White and Mr. Gray and Mr. Drinkwater and Mr. Waterhouse, and engage them to make each a short speech; and I know well what they will say and how they will say it, so as to stir up the people to an united effort to remove this dreadful obstacle to Gospel progress out of the way.” And so the thing was done and the meet- ing was an eminent success; and it was the first of a series of meetings held on the Sunday evening around among the church- es of various denominations, and was the cause Of a great awakening. I remember well one Sabbath evening. The meeting was in a great Unitarian church, densely crowd- ed with a most intelligent audience. A cabinet-maker—a working-man—came to the platform and made a most impassioned, telling speech. He was well known about town as Joe Lord; and he did it in that in- imitable Methodist style, coming from the heart and going to the heart, so that the audience was moved as at that time I had never seen one affected. A rough Gospel farmer, doing downright Gospel work and doing it strong and well, I was in a great city at a famous meeting of the Young Men’s Christian Association, held in their elegant hall. Truly, what a splendid hall it was for Christian work—or any other good work. How nicely it was arranged for comfort, and with an eye to good taste. What a mint of money it cost! Without and within no expense had been spared in quality of material and in style of arranging it. Mrs, Yellow- plush and Madame Velours couldn’t help being Christians in such a charming place, with cushions so soft and elastic and with such a profusion of beautiful flowers upon the desk and platform, And so there was no end of talk about Christian duty, and Gospel work, and benighted heathen, and ungodly pagans; and about the way and the how of sending Gospel farmers to cul- tivate those distant fields where no Gospel sun is shining, no Gospel seed is sown. They talk about the Gospel plow. It was a silver-gilt plow employed upon that occa- sion, with beam and handles of polished rosewood; and this charming plow was guided by kid-gloved hands. After this pleasant Gospel meeting was over, I went home to dine with the chief official, whose Gospel light is not hidden under a bushel, but is displayed in a silver- gilt candlestick and sheds its mellow-tem- pered light through all the large Gospel field which he helps to cultivate. Every- thing about the house and upon the table was in exquisite taste, and no Gospel worker need be uneasy or uncomfortable there, especially if he liked good wines. After the hard day’s work in the Gospel field, creature comforts were all proper and right and might be enjoyed with a relish and a good conscience. Why not? ‘Here is some very nice old Madeira, Fifty years old. None else like it in the country. Havea glass? Just one glass. No? Then here’s some exquisite Burgundy. This won't hurt a baby. No? What! Do not drink ; = wine? Good creature of God, you know, to be accepted with thankfulness and ep. joyed with moderation. All things are lawful, you know, if used lawfully. And, besides, wine was specially commended by the great apostle to the Gentiles. Won't have any?” Our Gospel-worker bad a charming fam. ily—a ‘‘refined,” cultivated lady for g wife, and two or three boys and two or three girls, whose manner at table and about the house seemed to me to be perfect, evidently tauzht in a very good school, by example, as well as by precept. Now here were these bright, intelligent children, be. lieving their father to be everything that’s good and true and wise, hearing him praise wine, calling it a good creature of God, receiving it with gratitude as from God's hand; they see him drinking it with eyj. dent pleasure and relish; they hear him urging it upon his guests, and quoting the great apostle as a wine-drinker and repre. senting him as commending wine to others, and then they wait for and receive their glass or half glass, according to their re. spective ages, of the Burgundy—the mild wine, you know, that can’t hurt a baby. And thereI sat, seeing all this and saying nothing to blow up all this despicable bosh about alcohol being good and lawful and a good creature of God; saying nothing to point out to this kid-gloved Christian the horrible mistake he was making; to vindi. cate God and the Bible from the aspersions cast upon them by him; to remind hin that the Bible contains the most emphatic and fearful denunciations of his wine, anj declaring it to be a mocker and deceiver, and affirming that it stings like an adde and bites like a serpent, and commanding men not to drink it, not even to look upa it as it sparkles in the glass. And as he poured out the little glasses for his charm ing, trusting children, why did I not burst out upon him like a thunderbolt, in scrip- tural words, with scriptural warrant: ‘“Woe beto him who giveth his neighbor drink!” T sought to quiet my conscience unde this appearance of shirking, of cowardice, by the thought that it would be out of place to reply to him, that it would mar the har- mony of the occasion, that it would be iu bad taste, that it would be attacking a man at his own table and before his wife and children, an earnest attempt to place bim in the wrong, a horrible wrong, before thos who were believing in him and confiding in him as the wisest, best, dearest of all men. And so, coward-like, I held my peace in the presence of this great provocation to ée- clare a most important truth, which takes hold on eternity as no other one does for millions and millions of men. I listened to him as he praised his wine and vindicated the wint-drinking habit, and held my peace when there was no peace. I had been at great kid-gloved Gospel meeting, where everything was done in excellent taste, with the hair-stuffed cushions, and _ gilt-edged hymn-books bound in antique Russia, and great silken tassels hanging from the cor- ners of the reading-desk, bearing the weight of an ever-so-many-dollars Bible, bound up in gold and choicest leather, and had lis tened to that refreshing strain: * Now that we read our title clear To mansions in the skies, We’!l live in peace and take our ease, Nor listen when man cries.” And so I was benumbed and paralyzed by all that I had seen and heard that day, and was almost persuaded that the style of Gos pel teaching and Gospel work that I had been accustomed to approve and think much of was really old-fashioned, countrified, gawky stuff, that should be laid away among a great quantity of other old lumber that adorned the Christian homes of our fathers in the old time, before luxury came in and overshadowed so much that they considered essential to a Christian life and, indeed, an evidence of it. And g0 in these days the Centennial Com- missioners have expressly authorized the sale within the buildings and around them of what Wesley called ‘‘ distilled damnation’ : the establishment of grog-shops, which Lyman Beecher called ‘“ preathing-holes of Hell”; the liquor traffic, which Mr. Senator Morrill so justly stigmatized as ‘‘ the gigan- tic crime of crimes”; and where and when were there any concerted protests of the churches against that great iniquity? But

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1876,

you know, SS and en- hings are ly. And, mended by 8S. Won't ming fam. idy for a id two or

table ang be Perfect, school, by Now here ildren, be. ing that’s 1im Praise > of God, rom God's With eyj. hear him oting the nd repre. to Others, ive their their re. —the mild baby. 1d saying able bosh vful and thing to stian the to vindi. spersions ind hin m phatie ‘ine, and leceiver in adde nanding ok upon d as he 3 charm ot burst Nn scrip- varrant: eighbor > unde vardice, of place he har- 1 be in za man rife and » him in e thos ding in 1] men. e in the to de. h takes oes for ened to dicated y peace en ata where ‘e, with -edged ia, and he cor- weight ind up ad lis- red by y, and f Gos- I had much rified, among r that athers in and dered 1d, an Com- 1 the em of ion”; which les of nator yigan- when f the But

September 7, 1876.] ee rahe Tito

at the same time it is thought there is some danger that the Exposition will be thrown open on the Sunday, and all these people are mightily stirred up in opposition to it. The Sunday opening, without the drink trade, would be a small evil compared with the horrible demoralization resulting from that traffic. This they ought to have done, but not to leave the other undone. And so now, in New England and many oth- er states, a great battle is in progress against the liquor traffic—a struggle which Charles Baxton, M. P., characterized as ‘‘ one phase of the warfare between Heaven and Hell.” In this great warfare where are the mar- shaled hosts of the churches? I do not see them. By their great numbers, their great influence, and by their effective organ- ization they could speedily determine this strife in favor of the right, if they would cast their lot and weight in with us. If they are in earmést in the prayer that God’s Kingdom may come and his will be done on earth as in Heaven, I do not see how their inaction and apparent indifference to the result can be accounted for.

THE GIANT FINN. (FROM THE SWEDISH.] BY JOSEPHINE POLLARD. On the Hill of the Saints, in olden time, In that terrible, frozen, northern clime Where the Vikings reigned, was a giant found, Who had his residence underground. The good St. Lawrence from Saxony came To speak a word in his Master’s name. On every hill did his pulpit stand, For there were no churches in all the land. Said the Giant: ‘‘’Tis surely a doubtful sign That so great a God has no worthy shrine, And I myself will a temple make The mightiest thunderbolt cannot shake, “On one condition.’”? And then a pause— For the Giant most truly a saving clause, “This trifling reward I may surely claim, That when it is finished you tell my name. “Tf not’’—and the Giant looked grim and stern— ‘Your forfeit shall be those torches that burn In yonder heaven. I’ve watched them shine, And sooner or later they must be mine !’’ ‘‘Mad Pagan !’’ St. Lawrence exclaimed. “In vain Do you hope the sun and the moon to gain. Where God has placed them their light shall stand, To bless the dwellers in every land.” ‘ Well,” laughed the Giant, ‘’tis rather bad That what I covet cannot be had. But, if your God my request denies, Give me, instead, then, your own two eyes.” “That will I do!” said the man of God, ‘For the love of Christ may be spread abroad And the sinner won to a hight of grace, Though a blind man be in the preacher’s place.” The site was chosen, the compact made, The corner-stones in their places laid, And rapidly, by the Giant’s power, The mighty temple arose each hour. “Be strong! be high! O ye walls!’ cried he. “ My name to this monk shall a secret be, And before the moon in her fullness rise My daughter shall play with his starry eyes.” He sits on the roof, and he laughs and sings, Ere yet the tower gigantic springs. ‘¢ My task,” savs the Giant, ‘‘is almost done, And I shall be paid by the set of sun.” On the Hill of the Saints, with a saddened gaze, St. Lawrence stands, and with calmness says : **O Lord ! these eyes thou hast given to me I joyfully sacrifice unto thee.” Then arose a voice as the thunder’s roar— The like had never been heard before; And it shook the earth with a mighty throe, Surging and swelling from far below. “ Sleep sweetly, Solve, my little son,’ It said, “‘ for the temple is almost done ; And your father Fian will be sure to make A pretty bargain for your sweet sake. *¢ And dear little Gerda, my daughter fair, What wonderful jewels you may wear ! For your father Finn, when the sun is set, Willsummon 8t. Lawrence to pay his debt.” “* Finn !” cried the Saint. and a fierce grimace At once distorted the Giant’s face, As into the crypt he went with a rush, Determined the temple straightway to crush. And wife and children press hard and ebare In the Giant’s rage, in his grim despair. But One is against them, and soon, o’erthrown, The mighty monsters are turned to stone. On the Hill of the Saints the temple stands, And _ the Word is scattered o’er all the lands, ‘Who opposes God and expects to win Must share the fate of the Giant Finn, the village, with its scattered groups of

JERRY WINKLER'S SOUL. A METAPHYSICAL STORY.

BY FREDERICK B. STANFORD.

JERRY WINKLER knew nothing about the ego of metaphysics; but he had heard a good long sermon on ‘‘The Immortality of the Soul,” which had set him to thinking of souls and wondering not a little how one looked. There are a great many things that happen sometimes because people have been thinking. The Reforma- tion, for instance, and the French Revo- lution, and our own Declaration of Inde- pendence were one and all the results of more or less thinking. So was that which happened to Jerry Winkler, as we shall see. Nobody would ever have guessed anything of the kind, for people said that old Winkler’s boy was a steady young fellow, who was doing well in his smithy. But Jerry had a desperate plan in his head one day, nevertheless. The wide, flat marsh looked gloomy enough that night, and a thin, indefinite fog was coming in from the sea. As Jerry sauntered on toward the shore, he was thinking that the marsh was a lonesome place, indeed and then he tried to imagine how a great city looked, with its myriad lights and hurrying crowds. At length he sat down among a heap of rocks, to con- tinue his speculations. Away off over the ocean ships were sailing into the gathering darkness like ghosts; and back of Jerry lay houses and weather-stained meeting-house. He watched the whole scene some time, tacitly determining that he would not live in such a neighborhood any longer. By and by, however, his eyes were eagerly observing a man rowing toward the shore from a vessel that had dropped its sails and anchor near a neighboring headland. It was evident that Jerry knew the man, for he stood up and called to him when the boat had touched the shore. “Soho! Jerry Winkler,” said the sailor, coming up and taking a seat beside Jerry. ‘* What do you say? Are you ready to go?” “Why, yes, I’m ready enough, if I could make out what’ll become of my Brother Joe,” replied Jerry, slowly. ““So you haven’t got over that yet, hey?” “‘No,” answered Jerry, looking back nerv- ously at the village. ‘‘ He’s such a helpless thing, you see, with only one leg and no strength in the other; and his arms are just as good as nothing at lifting.” “To be sure, that’s what anybody’d say as had looked onced at him. He’s no more use’n a flounder. Nothin’ but a dead weight agin your gittin’ on in the world.” ‘‘And then, you know,” continued Jer- ry, looking off at the sea, ‘‘ when father took his last spell he said to me: ‘Jerry, said he, ‘you must always look out for Joe; for he’s a cripple, you. know.’ That’s what he said just about the last thing before he died.” ** Aye, so he did. But he were that sort of a man what never could look out for Joe himself; could he, Jerry?” “Well, he didn’t have any luck, I sup- e’ ose. . “Aye, he didn’t have any luck. And why didn’t he have luck, like any other man what has two legs and two arms and a head? ’Cause he gin up the sea and took to doin’ nothin’. That’s why.” Jerry kept his eyes on the waves. He had thought, more than once, of what the man was saying; and perhaps it was the truth that his father had been shiftless, though he didn’t like to hear any one say so. Perhaps it was unjust for himself to be burdened with the care and support of a crippled brother; for if it were not for Joe he could save money, go where he pleased, and make a rich man of himself. And then he remembered what he had heard the minister preach about duty to others, “« You see,” the sailor went on, after pull- ing up a twig or two—‘‘you see, Jerry Winkler, I’m that sort of a man what likes to see a lad do a good thing by himself, and not throw a chance away. When be can leave a blacksmith’s shop and go to Califor- ny, why I says to him: Go, by all means.” “But Ive been thinking I was sort of bound to look out for Joe.” ‘Aye, so you have. But doesn’t: the cap’en of the ‘ Witch’ want an able-bodied

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Won't he gin you good wages and victuals, and take you where you can makea fortune besides? And won’t Joe git on well enough when he tells the neighbors you’re gone? Of course, he will. They’ll all of them take care of him like a book.” “‘T suppose it would be right enough,” said Jerry, reflectively. ‘‘There ain’t any use in always being nobody round here. Joe’d forgit all about me if he got a clock to mend.” “To be sure,” put in the sailor again; ‘that’s what I’ve been thinkin’. He’d forgit all about it if you giu him a clock to pull apart. He’s oncommon handy ’bout clocks, Joe is; ain’t he, Jerry?” ‘*He just dreams about them all the time, and is not good for anything around the shop. That’s why it is, you see,” Jerry continued, ina dissatified tone. If Joe can’t mind the bellows, when I’ve gota shoe in hand, why, I says, what’s the sense in looking out for him, anyhow?” “‘So! What’s the sense in it? ’Tain’t grateful like in him. There’s ‘no use in clocks.” It had grown dark on land and sea while they talked, and a melancholy wind had gradually made its way to the shore and amoug the rocks. As the noise of flapping sails reached them tke sailor began to think of returning to his vessel. ‘‘ Time and tide’s a-goin’, Jerry Winkler,” he said, straightening himself up and buttoning his pea-jacket. ‘‘ We’re a-goin’ to set sail at midnight. So what’s the word to our cap’en?” ‘‘That I’ll go,” said Jer1y, arising. “Soho! my lad. Let it be so. We'll put a boat off to you at a quarter afore twelve. Doyou mind? At a quarter afore twelve.” “ Yes,” said Jerry, resolutely; ‘‘and I'll be waiting here, with my clothes.” “* All’s well, then.” The sailor went down to his boat and rowed away, singing a song that began with: ‘Oh! the ship is ready, but the wind is still; Hailo! Then pull, my hearties, pull with a will; Oh! a-hailo! Hailo! Jerry stood listening until the click of the oars and the man’s wild words were lost in the distance; and then he sat down again, to gather his wits, before returning home for his clothes. He, moreover, deemed it best to wait until Joe went to bed, a matter he could easily determine, as Joe always placed the lamp at the window for him. While he waited the lights of the village went out, one by ove, and the night crept on. He thought over évery incident that had occurred in his life—about his father and mother dying; how Joe and he had lived alone a long while; about Joe’s love— But there was the light in the window; aud, with a drowsy feeling creeping over him, Jerry hurried home, It was not a very comfortable home that Jerry and Joe possessed; only a small wooden house, which was all made into one room. In this there was a brick chimney- place at one end, an old-fashioned bed- stead at the other eud, a red table in the middle of the floor, while the four rough walls were covered with an odd collection of pictures, cut from the various illustrated papers that Joe had obtained at one time and another. When Jerry crept in, he found Joe, as he had expected, fast asleep on the bed. The fire in the chimney-place had burned to coals, which were raked together in the center of the hearth, making a heap that threw a fitful glow over every object in the room. Joe’s antiquated clock, a great piece of mechanism, in his eyes, was tick-tocking from its perch over the fire. Everything looked just as Jerry was used to seeing there. But, from one reason or other, he felt'a trifle scared and as if somebody were watching him. After blowing out the light and taking off his shoes, he crept to the bed and pulled from under Joe’s pillows an old leathern wallet, in which they kept their money. The amount of the savings was not, very large, and, as Jerry counted the money by the firelight, he hesitated about taking it all. A silver dollar that Joe had earned by repairing a clock he decided to put back in the wallet; the rest he consigned °

was quite sure. He next proceeded to tie his clothes in a bundle, and, then, after snatching an old miniature of Joe from the mantlepiece, he took his shoes in his hand and stepped on tip-toes to the door. Now it was just at this moment that a very strange thing happened. As has been intimated, Jerry had felt, all the while that he was taking the money and stealth- ‘ily bundling his clothes, that somebody was secretly watching him. When he put his hand on the latch to go out he had the feeling stronger than ever, and he became desperately weak besides, with the sensa- tion that his body was empty. He looked hastily behind, There it was at the fur- ther side of the hearth—the person or something that had been watching him. It was tall, like himself, but thin and vapory, The left.arm rested on the mantle-piece, and the face was turned toward Joe, with a troubled, anxious expression flitting over the features. Then the eyes looked at Joe’s old crutches terribly. Jerry did not wait to see what would occur next; but, dropping his shoes and bundle, he sprang out of the door and bounded away with all his might. On, on across the marsh he ran, in the wildest con fusion. Once only he stopped to regain his breath and look back. Away at the rear he could distinguish the house by the red glow that streamed out from the wide- open door; and there in the midst stood the figure, definite and distinct in outline, scanning the blackness beyond. “‘Mercy on me!” gasped Jerry, falling on his knees, as a new thought came to him. |“ Mercy onme! It’s my soul, that has gone clean out my body!” But only a moment elapsed before he was up and running again as fast as his legs could go. A high wind was now blowing in from the sea. Jerry believed it was passing quite through himself and tearing him apart. At least, he felt his limbs separating and his head and body going in the direction of a ship’s light near at hand. Faster and faster through the wind and the darkness, with the spray from the splashing waves smiting his face he— “Why, Jerry! Jerry, wake up!” “No, no! Lain’t going never!” said Jerry. “‘Going where? Sakes alive! you’d been drowned sure when the tide came in.” ‘“Where am I?” Jerry asked, suddenly. “* Joe, is that you?” “‘Why, yes; of course, it is. And I’ve been hunting for you this long while all up and down the shore, with the lantern.” Jerry could see the little figure of his brother plainly enough pow, though at. first he had an idea that he was dreaming. ‘“Tt’s as much as twelve o’clock,” said Joe, holding up the light and staring down at Jerry. ‘Twelve o’clock!” .These words acted like magic on Jerry, who jumped up at once and looked wildly out at sea. ‘Come, come! Let us hurry!’ he said, taking Joe, crutches and all, in Ins arms and starting off briskly toward home, as if the weight of Joe were nothing. <‘What is it, Jerry?” Joe asked, fright- ened. “Nothing, nothing. Hold on tight, for I’m going to run.” Tt may appear strange that an half-hour afterward, when Jerry was snugly in bed, he began to think that he bad been asleep out among the rocks on the shore. He could not, however, arrive at any definite opinion about it, for he was certain that his plan to run off and leave Joe was no dream. He had been thinking calmly of doing that for a week or more. The next day he came to the conclusion that people must have two selves; and that when a fellow was going to do a mean thing one of these selves leaves him. “If nobody else knows it,” said Jerry, hammer- ing a bit of iron, ‘‘a fellow’s other self will know it and get out of him. That’s just what Deacon Tibbetts meant when he said that some people get so mighty mean that they lose their souls.” Iam pleased to state that Jerry did not lose his soul. It somehow got inside of him again; and I think the operation must have taken place just at that moment when he took Joe in his arms and started

to his pocket, for he had earned the money

young fellow like you afore the mast? And somebody would look out for Joe, he toward! home, for he remembers that he felt bis heart beat then. Joe and he have

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’ prospered since—the affair happened some time ago, you know; and they have added another room to their house and bought new furniture. Jerry does a_ thriving blacksmith’s business; and Joe has a neat little shop, where he repairs clocks and earns quite as much money as Jerry does. The folks say that those boys ‘‘ are as hap- py as two peas ina pod”; though, of course, nobody knows how it all came about. Diblical Research. THE passage in the prophecy delivered to Ahaz (Isaiah vii, 8), in which it is stated that ** within threescore and five years shall Ephraim be broken, that it be not a people,” has occa- sioned much difficulty to commentators. As the prophecy was uttered in the year 734 B.C., the overthrow of Samaria ought to have taken place in the year 669, and not in 720 (or 721), when both the Old Testament and the Assyrian inscriptions represent the city as being taken and the Kiogdom of Israel overthrown. Ussher and Des Vignoles accordingly referred for the fulfillment of the prophecy to Ezra iv, 2, where Esar-haddon is spoken of as having planted the later Samaritans ia the old capital of Ephraim. The cuneiform monuments have now furnished the solution of the question. The capture of Samaria by Sargon, in 720, did not, by any means,involve the destruction of the city or even of the monarchy. Only 27,230 of the inhabitants were carried into captivity; and these, it would seem, belonged to the upper classes, who had planned the revolt against Assyria, and not to the comparatively harmless mass of the population. Only the year after- ward we find Samaria taking part with a league of Syrian states in a revolt against the con- queror; and in 701 B.C. Sennacherib relates that he received tribute from Minkhimmu, or Menahem, “ king of Samaria.” The name might possibly show that the Samaritan prince was a descendant of MenahemI. We frequently meet with cases in which the Assyrians placed a con- quered and tributary state under the govern- ment of a son or descendant of one of the former kings. The successor of Menahem II seems to have been Abibal, whom we find pay- ing tribute to Esar-haddon. The name Abibal implied a Phenician connection and the intro- duction of the Pheenician Baal worship into Samaria. Abibal was probably the last king of Samaria. At all events the eponyme of the year 646 B. C. was Habu-sar-akhi-su, the Assyrian ‘prefect of Samaria.’ Between the year 646, therefore, and the reign of Esar-haddon (681- 673) the final extinction of the Samaritan mon- archy must be placed. Now the year 669 would admirably suit the period in question. Esar- haddon was still reigning at the time ; though since 673 his son, Assur-bani-pal had been asso- ciated in the government. Gelzer has pointed out that‘ the great and noble’”’ Asnapper, to whom the later Samaritans ascribed their set- tlement in the country (Ezra iv, 10) can be none other than Assur-bani-pal himself. The name is easily explained as a Persian corruption of the Assyrian original, the second element (bani) be- ing omitted, as in some other instances, and the r being changed into n, as in Nebuchadnezzar (for Nabu-kudura-zutour). The epithets ap- plied to Asnapper would exactly suit Assur- bani-pal, the ‘‘ grand monarque”’ of Assyria, and we can understand how the colonization of Samaria could be ascribed at once to Esar- haddon and his son. ...-It is possible that the stepped pyramid at Sakkarah, now called Haran-el-Madraggeh, is the oldestinscribed building in the world. According to Manetho, Uenophes, the fourth king of the first dynasty, built the pyramid near Kohome; and, asa tabletin the Serapeum at Memphis states that the part of the Necropolis immedi- ately to the north of the stepped pyramid was ealled Kakem, it seems clear that in this mon- ument we have the work of Uenophes himself. One of the doorways leading out of the central chamber of the pyramid contained an inscrip- tion, now at Berlin, in which the title and ban- ner of a very ancient king are given; and this inscription may very possibly be one of the oldest specimens of writing in the world. The characters are finely formed and the hiero- glyphical system of writing, including its appli- cation to express alphabetic characters, is fully developed. The stepped pyramid itself is built in avery remarkable manner. Its five great steps or stages are somewhat like those of the Birs-i-Nimrud and other Babylonian temples ; and the numerous and intricate passages lead- ing from the central chamber are lined with glazed tiles, enameled in green, blue, and black, and fixed to the wall with cement so tenacious as to prevent them from being re- moved without breaking. Fragments of an alabaster sarcophagus were found in the cen- ral chamber by the French, in 1836. Unlike all the other pyramids of Egypt, the stepped pyr- amid of Sakkarah stands on a base which is not atrue square and the sides of the square do FHE INDEPENDENT. eS not face the cardinal points. If the inscription in Berlin be the oldest known Egyptian record, the next most ancient is preserved in the Ash- molean Museum, at Oxford, to which it was brought a century ago. It occurs on a tablet found in the tomb of a prophet who lived under Sent, or Sethenes, the fifth king of the second dynasty. fa Fine Arts. THE latest additions to the honors of full membership in the Royal Academy of London are Sir John Gilbert,the water-color painter, and George Leslie, son of Charles R. Leslie, who was our countryman, although he was a native of London, where he was born during the temporary residence in that city of his parents. Mr. Philip G. Hamerton says, in an article inthe International Review: ‘George Leslie narrowly missed the honor of being an - American citizen, for his father had accepted the post of teacher of drawing at West Point and was there in 1833. The elder Leslie found that his duties as teacher occupied much more of his time than he had expected, and also that the expense of living was not so much be- low the cost of it in England as he had been led to suppose. Besides these reasons, Mrs. Leslie’s health began to suffer at West Point. So they sailed for England in April, 1834. The elder Leslie was not born in America, as is often believed, but in London. His father and mother “‘were American,”’ as he says in his autobiography, ‘‘natives of Cecil County, in the State of Maryland.” Our new Academi- cian has still many relatives on your side of the Atlantic, who will no doubt take pride in his success. I haye known him personally twenty-two years, and well remember being present in his father’s home when the first picture he sent to the Academy came back rejected, an incident commonin the lives of young artists, which discourages only the faint-hearted. ‘Very soon afterward young George Leslie’s name began to appear in the catalogues ; but he did not at first discover the line of work which has led him to prosperity and fame. At one time the influence of the Pre-Raphaelites was strong upon him; and he painted one or two subjects from the mid- dle ages quite in the Pre-Raphaelite spirit. Fortunately, however, for his subsequent suc- cess, he began to perceive, about the year 1859, that gracefulness and delicacy of feeling, rather than intensity, would be his most avail- able qualities; andso he painted with refine- ment of taste, rather than vigor of invention, leaving what may be called strong subjects to artists of different natural endowment. At the same time he abandoned the Pre-Raphaelite principle of coloring (intensity of individual colors), and began to aim at quiet harmonies, in better keeping with the character of his sub- jects. Besides these changes, he introduced into his works a degree of care in composition which made them look less and less Pre-Ra- phaelite; and in the course of a few years he be- came one of the most refined artists in the En- glish School. While these changes were going forward in his manner of work George Leslie was steadily risingin public favor. Mr. Wallis, the great picture-dealer, said to me in 1866: *G. D. Leslie is the most popular young artist in England.’ All his works sold easily at good prices, and evidently for their mental qualities, as the artist did not up to that date exhibit much power of handling or any distinguished manual skill. Since then he has steadily cul- tivated his own gifts, and I never knew any artist who succeeded better by simply being himself and putting his own nature into his work. A happier career it would be scarcely possible to imagine. Living from childhood under the most favorable influences, never dis- tracted by those contradictory circumstances which make so many of us the playthings of Fate and Fortune, living in the place he likes best, which is at the same time the most fayor- able to his studies and his friendships, George Leslie has reached, while still in the prime of life, the summit of an English artist’s ambition. I remember an old Academician doubting, twenty years ago, whether young Leslie would ever do much, because he was a great talker about art.” ....-Some of George Leslie’s paintings have been sent to New York; but he is not much known here, while the name of John Gilbert is as familiar as that of any of our own artists. Like John Tenniel, it appears that Gilbert did not enjoy the advantages of a regular artistic training. Mr. Hamerton says that ‘“‘he never entered an academy, and that the only instruc- tion he received was a few lessons from Lance, the fruit painter. In early life he was put to business in the city of London, but after a trial of two years was declared incompetent. An attempt to gain admission to the schools of the Royal Academy having failed, John Gilbert taught himself and got on as he best could. He acquired in course of time a degree of facility as a draughtsman on wood which has scarcely heen surpassed in magern times, ex: cept by Gustave Doré. Quite early in life he painted both in water-color and oil; but was more generally recognized as a water-color painter. He treated that medium, however, exactly on the principles of oil. Ultimately he became president of the Old Water-Color Society and in that capacity received knight- hood. When the Royal Academy rescinded the rule excluding members of other artistic societies, Gilbert was elected associate; but the full title of Academician has been deferred tillnow. Some critics consider him decidedly the greatest artist of the present English School. Certainly he is one of the very strong- est men we have, if all things are considered— fertility and power of invention ; abundance of knowledge, well under command ; comprehen- sive grasp of material, and mastery in the arrangement of it. Though he paints differ- ently from Rubens, there has never been an Englishman so nearly approaching Rubens in a certain kind of prolific artistic energy.” Srience, THE American Journa of Science for Au- gust contains the announcement of the discov- ery of a fragment of Stromatopora in the Huron- ian rocks of New Hampshire, by G. W. Hawes, of New Haven, assistant on the geological sur- vey of the state. The rocks are metamorphic stratified diabases, consisting of hornblende, labradorite, chlorite, and slight amounts of pyrite and apatite. Hawes calls the class of chloritic rocks related to the diabases green- stones, in allusion to their predominant color, The mineral material of the fossil is probably feldspar, altered from limestone. The discov- ery of Stramatopora in the Huronian will éffect much in establishing the genuineness of Eozo6n, which is a related protozoan, but found in a still older formation. Scientists have thought the Eozodn some mineral aggregate or con- cretion, because it is a silicate and unlike living organisms in intimate structure. As the Stromatopora has been known as a fossil for nearly half a century, zodlogists cannot but recognize its structure in the New Hampshire fossil ; and, asit is a silicate and like theJEozo6n in mineral character, they must also allow an organic existence to the Laurentian prototype. Eozoic life, therefore, is known to embrace protozoans, worms, and plants, all of the sim- plest structure, but immensely long-lived and abundant in their native habitats. Mr. Hawes also shows conclusively that the New Hamp- shire Huronian rocks are closely allied, miner- alogically, to the wurschiefer of Norway, the second division of the crystalline rocks of that country and generally recognized as older than the Cambrian. In this he agrees with Macfar- lane and Sterry Hunt. ....1t has been a question with physicists how far the thermo-electric behavior of metals is in- fluenced by a change of their state of aggrega- tion. M. Obermayer studied the subject a short time ago, and some irregularities which he found in the bismuth-iron combination made an extension of the inquiry in this direction seem desirable. M. Minarelli, of the Vienna Academy, bas recently made observations on a number of metallic combinations, including bismuth-iron, bismuth-copper, bismuth-plati- num, bismuth-antimony, lead-zinc, lead-anti- mony, etc. The metal to be fused was ina funnel, and its continued portion below was in solid form, while from above the second met- al was wire dipped into the fused or solidified mass. First, the electro-motive force in fusing and solidifying was compared with that of an iron German-silver element with 100° difference of temperature in the junctions. Then the change of electromotive force before and during solidification and fusion was deter- mined. From the results, which are shown in curves, it appears that the curves for fusing and solidifying are generally the same. Only the bismuth elements show considerable divergence, which, according to the author, may partly be due to a superheat- ing during fusion ; or perhaps the fusion point of impure bismuth does not coincide with its solidifying point, but is some degrees higher. Separate determinations of the fusing point of bismuth varied from 256° to 233° C. The curves also show that the electromotive force varies throughout the fusing temperature, continu- ously with the temperature. ....The proceedings of the Academy at St. Louis contain a paper by Dr. George Engel- mann on the oaks of the United States. The discovery is announced that oaks have differ- ent ways of having their leaves folded in the bud—vernation. In some the upper side of both halves of the leaves are applied together in the growing bud. -In other species the up- per surface of the leaf is convex—that is, the edges are turned a little down or back. An- other class has the leaves revolute, or spirally rolled back toward the midrib. The discovery is of vast importance to students of quercology, as itevables them ta decide whether certain [September 7, 1876, forms are hybrids or not and in other ways to fix the limits of species. Another interesting discovery of Dr. Engelmann is that those oaks that have lobed leaves when young have more entire leaves as they become aged. On the other hand, those are the most lobed with age which have entire leaves when young. It is a singular inversion of character. Dr. Engelmann has, also, for the first time in botanical classification, made use of the char- acters of old bark in oaks in determining the boundaries of sections. By the new light af- forded by these discoveries Dr. E. is enabled to make many things plain to us that have been mysterious for a long time, and he promises to do more for us in the future. He enters on the subject of hybridity in oaks, and thinks that, though often forms are mere ‘‘sports,”’ yet there are hybrids, and he gives a list that he regards as such. .... The oyster fisheries of England have en- gaged the attention of Parliament, which referred the mattertoa select committee, whose report recognizes the fact that the supply of oysters has for some years steadily decreased, andlays down recommendations for the future regulation of the fisheries, among which a close time from May Ist to September Ist is enjoined. There is one point, says Nature, in the economy of oyster life which has not yet been so thoroughly investigated as it ought to be—namely, the age when an oyster becomes reproductive. Some say that it breeds in its third year, others in its fourth. The committee recommend that ‘‘no oyster should be sold from the deep-sea fisheries under 244 or three inches in diameter, and it is probable that in England enormous numbers reach the market before the time of reproduction. This was at one time the case in France, where even the oysters artificially raised were sent to market before they had been afforded the opportunity of breeding. As regards the habits of the American oyster absolutely nothing of impor- tance is known. Government should have the subject “ investigated.”’ «.eeThe last volume of the quarto series of publications of Hayden’s U. 8. Geological Sur- vey of the Territories comprises a monograph of the geometrid moths of the United States, by A. 8. Packard, Jr. In the introductory por- tions are chapters on the secondary sexual characters of these moths, particularly the cankerworm moth and allied forms, as well as essays on the external anatomy of the Lepi- doptera in general. There areabout four hun- dred species known, and each one is figured together with the caterpillars of some. Ina synopsis of the two-ringed gall flies ( Cecidomyia, ete.) published in the Transactions of the Zo- dlogical and Botanical Society of Vienna, the authors, Bergenstamm and Low, cite a number of authorities which show that the Hessian fly is probably indigenous in Europe, as well ag the wheat midge. ....-Last summer Prof. C. H. Hitchcock dis- covered the Periquicula vulgaris (the butterwort) on the precipitous side of Mt. Willard, among the White Mountains. It is a small blue flower, allied to Utricularia, and as large as the smaller violets. It had never before been dis- covered east of Western New York, and it is certainly an interesting feature to find a new plant in a field that has been so thoroughly ex- plored as the White Mountains by botanists. Close by the plant the Professor discovered a new flume, 300 feet long, 80 feet high, and from 6 to 12 feet wide. Like the other chasms of the same name in New Hampshire, this one has been formed by the gradual disintegration of a trap-dike and the subsequent falling down of the adjacent walls. ....In Poggendorff’s Annalen Dr. Konig de- scribes a tuning-fork with variable tone. He perforates the arms in the direction of their length, and the two canals are connected by a cross-canal at the bottom. With the system thus formed communicates a little reservoir of mercury, with attached screw. By varying the pressure on the mercury with the screw the liquid can be raised up to the top of the arms or allowed to flow back entirely out of them, and thus the sound of the fork can be varied, As the forks filled with mercury would, after excitation with a bow, give but a short sound, they are kept in continuous vibration by elec- trical means. ....Laudanine is an alkaloid of opium, that was first described by M. O. Hesse, in 1870. Its formula is C2, H25, NO4. From observations on dogs, cats, and rabbits by M. Falck it appears that laudanine is somewhat inferior in toxical power to thebaine, the minimum fatal dose of which is 0.15 gr. per kilog. of weight of the animal. The following is the order in which the principal alkaloids of opium and strych- nine range in thisrespect : strychnine, thebaine, Jaudanine, codeine, hydrocotarmine, morphine. The principal action of laudanine seems to be on the nervous centers, and especially those of respiration (as is the case with strychnine 4n brucine), THE | death in of many memory) died fr writer. songs, among very rea art of p ble that can be 2 ive to th longatio absorbil er-work steadily his eight who p week, ¢ duties | sixty-tl ment; Peter steady is still grossil the tri ble pe tain d pean histo1 on th dinne S8t., 0 amo! Marq Mon: with been prod of t] and his § Poit hab stes

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September 7, 1876.} THE INDEPENDENT. EEL 9 Levsonalities. TuE late Mortimer Collins, whose sudden death in England recently has been the cause of many journalistic tributes of affection to his memory, was not yet fifty and is said to have died from exhaustion from hard work as a writer. He wrote poetry and prose, novels, songs, dramas, histories, and essays; and among the rest of his published works was a very readable and instructive volume on the art of prolonging life. But it is hardly proba- ble that he was killed by overwork, for there can be no doubt that nothing is more conduc- ive to the preservation of health and the pro- longation of life than steady employment and absorbing hard work. There wasnever a hard- er-worked man than Lord Brougham, who kept steadily employed in his various duties until his eightieth year. And there is Lord Russell» who passed his eighty-fourth birthday last week, and who attends to his parliamentary duties regularly in the House of Lords, after sixty-three years of constant public employ- ment; and he was always in delicate health. Peter Cooper is past eighty-five; and, after a steady devotion to business from his boyhood, is still capable of writing vigorously on the en- grossing questions of the day and sustaining the trials of a candidacy for President. ...-New York picks up a good many nota- ble people, and the registers of our hotels con- tain during the year a large number of Euro- pean celebrities, who in many instances bear historical names which are household words on this side of the Atlantic. For example, a dinner was given at Delmonico’s, in Fourteenth St., on Friday night, to Don Carlos and his suite, among whom were the Marquis Velasco, the Marquis Ponce de Leon, and the Viscount Monserrat. Their names are all identified with the history of the continent ; and, having been familiar with them in our school-books, it produces a strange feeling to find the bearers of them living persons, dining at our hotels and traveling on our railroads. The Don and his suite were recently in Newport and Rocky Point, and were rather boisterous in their habits. They left New York in one of the steamers for England on Saturday. ....-General R. L. E. Bonneville, the oldest officer of the army, but now on the retired list, is eighty years of age and still hale and hearty. He graduated from West Point in 1815, served in the earlier Indian conflicts as an officer in the 7th infantry, and was in every great battle of the Mexican War. During the Rebellion he was in command of Benton Barracks, St. Louis ; but was retired after the war, and now lives on a handsome estate near Fort Smith, Ark., which he purchased in 1821, ..--It is said that Pére Hyacinthe, in a letter written to a friend in this country, expresses the satisfaction he has derived from the letters written by the Rev. Dr. H. M. Field during his tour around the world, saying: ‘It is the best voyage around the world that has ever been written. This is no flattery.” It may not be intended as flattery, but the Pére’s judgment is certainly very flattering. Perhaps he has never read Captain Cook’s voyages. ...-At the latest accounts, Dom Pedro was in Madrid, enjoying a convention of political economists, with King Alfonso for a presiding officer. In October the Brazilian Emperor is going to Constantinople, if there should be anything left of it; but what he will do with himself in the interval the cable telegrams do not inform us. He may go to the North Cape, to see the midnight sun, or to Cape Coroman- del. ....-Some of our papers are taking a good deal of interest in the death of the famous cook, Francatelli, whose book on the gastro- nomic art is a good deal more discussed than un- derstood. He had been chef de cuisine for Queen Victoria, which gave him celebrity ; but he was not a great genius and he did not rank in his art with men like Soyer. ....Ex-Senator Henry 8. Foote, of Missis- sippi, has renounced the Democrats and taken position in the Republican ranks. A number of his friends were anxious to put him up as a can- didate for elector on the Republican ticket of Mississippi, but he refused to serve. .... William Black, the novelist, has arrived in this country, and we learn has left New York and gone to Colorado, by the way of Saratoga. But, as Mr. Black has a brother living in Tennes- see, he will probably stop awhile there before going further west. -...The Rey. William Morley Punshon, the well-known English Wesleyan clergyman, in- tends to devote his next visit to this country almost wholly to matters connected with his church, and will be able to lecture only a few times, -... Secretary Cameron and General Sherman will leave Washington, on their western tour of inspection, about the 12th of September. They Will visit San Franciseo. Missions, «. Errorts in behalf of heathen women are the order of the day throughout the world- wide mission-field. They form a new element of power and give promise of far greater re- sults of Gospel work among the heathen than the missionary annals have yet recorded From the land of the Zulus in South Africa comes an account of kraal work among the women similar to the zenana work carried on by the missionary ladies in India. Miss Hance writes an interesting account of her labors to The Missionary Herald. Some four years have passed since alittle beginning was made with this undertaking. Accompanied by a native Bible-woman, the missionary endeavored to gather the women for religious service in the kraals. The people did not at first understand or wish to understand what was intended. Men and boys and infants, together with the talkative women, kept the kraals in an uproar during the meetings. Gradually, however, the women were allowed to have the meetings to themselves, and quiet prevailed while God’s truth was being taught. On one occasion par- ticularly Miss Hance was enabled to speak to the Zulu women about the love of God with so much power that when the meeting was over the company separated into serious groups, talking the great theme over among them- selves. Soon afterward an aged and much- respected heathen woman, who had been pres- ent at this meeting, lay on her death-bed. She declared that she hoped to be saved by the Saviour of whom Miss Hance had taught her; but that she did not know him well enough to be quite sure, and she urged upon her friends to attend the kraal meetings and learn all they could of God and his Son, that in their dying hour they might have more certainty than she now had. This testimony made a deep im- pression and lifted the kraal work into pop- ularity. Itis now carried on in five or six directions from the station. The native Bible- women have become so interestedin it as to insure its continuance, should Miss Hance’s health entirely fail. .... We desire to draw the attention of those of our readers who are acquainted with the German language to a very important serial work on missions which is now passing throughout the German press. Fora long time the ‘‘Small Mission Library,’’ by Dr. Burkhardt, has been highly esteemed among such as de- sired information within brief compass of the history and condition of the missionary opera- tions throughout the world. Gradually, how- ever, this work has become somewhat antiqua- ted, and it has been felt that considerable im- provement might be effected in its style, and especially in the oversanguine views of mis- sionary enterprise once so popular, but now discarded by all true students of foreign mis- sions. These defects are to be remedied ina new edition, prepared by Dr. Grundemann, who is, perhaps, the best authority on missions living. His large missionary atlas is the most valuable aid we possess in missionary studies. The vast amount of in- formation contained in the atlas has been sup- plemented by missionary surveys and statistical tables, which have during the past three years appeared in the excellent Allgemeine Missions Zeitschrift, edited by Professor Christlieb, Dr. Grundemann, and Dr. Warneck, and published by C. Bertelsmann, Giitersloh, Germany. Thus thoroughly prepared for his new task, Dr. Grundemann has begun to rewrite Burkhardt’s “Mission Library.”? The work will appear in four volumes, respectively entitled America, Africa, Asia, Oceanica. Each volume will be issued in three parts. The first two parts—(a) ‘‘ The Esquimo in Greenland and Labrador’’ and (d) “The Indian in North and South America’’—are now ready. The third part of the first volume, entitled ‘‘The Negro in the West Indies and South America,’’ will appear during the sum- mer, and the whole series will be completed in from two to three years. The price of each volume of three parts will be about six marks. The possessors of this new work will have the most comprehensive and thorough survey of missions which has yet appeared. ....A good work is being done at Itafamasi, a station of the Zulu Mission of the American Board, about 30 miles northwest of Natal, South Africa. This station is in the charge of a native pastor, Rev. Benjamin Hawes, and has been a very hard field. At a recent communion eight persons were received into the church. Among them was a polygamist, who had three wives. For many years the arrow of convic- tion had been fastened in this man’s heart ; but the possession of three wives stood in his way, and he felt that he could not serve God accept- ably while entangled in this snare.- At last the way was opened for him. One day two of his wives said to him: ‘“‘We see that you are in perplexity. You feel that you cannot be a good Christian while a polygamist. Take your first- married wife and her children, live with her, and we will take our little ones and go elsewhere,’? The man thankfully accepted the offer, and, after having generously provided for their future wants, bade them farewell. He now felt him- self free to confess Christ, while it was the same desire which had made his two wives will- ing to give up their home. Such converts, who must needs make such sacrifices, are gained slowly from among a polygamous people like the Zulus; but, when gained, they become a power for the conversion of their tribe. It is to be hoped that the British Government, by making polygamy illegal, will soon throw its influence into the scale against this terrible sin, the main obstacle which prevents the Zulus from receiving the Gospel. ...-The constant civil wars on the Island of Hayti make missionary labor very discourag- ing. In the Missionary Herald (English Bap- tist) Mr. Gummer gives a vivid account of the recent siege of Jacmel by the government forces. A piece of a bombshell from a war- steamer struck into the wall of the chapel. For a time all services were suspended and the missionary was engaged in preaching Christ to the soldiers in the trenches. Suddenly the at- tacking generals resolved to make common cause with the revolutionists, and within a few hours the fickle Haytians of both parties ceased to murder each other and became fast friends. Missionary work on this un- happy island is at a very lowebb. The En- glish Baptists and the Wesleyans each have a station, at which, however, little progress is being made. The Protestant Episcopal mission occupies 7 stations and employs a missionary bishop and 6 native ministers. It is very diffi- cult, however, to learn from Bishop Holly’s letters whether any real progress is being made in Gospel work. ....Mr. Farnsworth, writing to The Mission- ary Herald from Cesarea, Asia Minor, gives a very encouraging account of the field of which that town isthe center. At the recent union meeting of the churches of that region all the native pastors rendered cheering re- ports. At one village, where the present pas- tor, at that time imperfectly acquainted with the alphabet, had once met ina hutin a vine- yard with two or three others to pray, there is now acongregation of 200, This is Injiri. At another place, some four years ago, three or four men were accustomed to meet ina cave for prayer that God would enlighten their vil- lage. The daily prayer-meeting during the past winter in that village numbered about 200 and fully one-half of the community has become Protestant. On the day of Mr. Farns- worth’s writing (May 30th) he had completed a twenty-two years’ residence at Cesarea. The little band of 30 Protestants which then greet- ed him has grown into a community of 2,500 and multitudes are now ready to listen to the Word. ...-The little Presbyterian church at San Fer- nando, near Cadiz, has come to be quite prom. inently connected with public affairs in Spain. The alcalde, having thrown every obstacle pos- sible in the wayof the opening of the edifice, was finally, on the accession of King Alfonso, emboldened to forbid worship in it altogether. The English ambassador took the matter up, Count Bismarck made the reopening of this church one of the conditions on which the new monarchy should be recognized, and Castelar signalized the occasion by one of his strongest speeches in the Cortez on religious liberty. So the little church at San Fernando, made a test case for all Spain, now receives its hearers on every Sabbath, without let or hindrance. ...eOne of the common instructions of a Hindu mother to her son is this: ‘‘ Take all the secular learning you can; but directly the padre speaks to you about religion, don’t be- lieve a word he says.’’ Thus much of the good done at school is undone at home. When the lady missionaries bring Christian influence to bear upon the secluded inmates of the Hindu zenanas they are sapping heathenism at its foundation, for the home is the citadel of the idolatry of India. ....A mothers’ prayer-meeting has been or- ganized in connection with the mission church at Santander, Spain. Of the sixteen women who attend it some have suffered severely for their attachment to the Gospel. ...-An anonymous friend has offered $5,000 to the Church Missionary Society toward com- mencing a mission in one of the countries of Central Asia, where no Protestant missionaries are as yet stationed. ...-The Presbyterian missionary in the Laos Country, Northern Siam, needs an elephant. It is the only means of conveyance through the mountainous region in which the mission is located. ...»Protestantism is known in China as “¢ Jesus doctrine.”? Roman Catholicism is called the “‘ doctrine of the Lord of Heaven.” ..»»-The Harput normal school has about 50 pupils and the female seminary has 25 beard- ers—a larger number than ever before. The Sunday-school LESSON FOR SEPTEMBER 17th. A GODLY LIFE.—Eoct. xn, 1—14. THREE factors in the godly life are presented by this lesson: 1. THE Goop Start (y. 1—8). 2. Tue Sure Gurve (v. 9—12). 3. THE Frvax Recoxontne (v. 18, 14). 1, THE Goop Start (v. 1—8).—The call is made to those in youth to remember God at that period of life. If no reason fer obedience were discovered beyond the naked call, that should suffice to gain every youthful heart to its Cre- ator. The call comes to us and upon us the obligation to respond is resting. But God’s demands are so perfectly allied to man’s best good that a reason for obedience to every pre- cept of his can readily be found. In the mat- ter of starting a godly life in youth the reasons are abundant. Evil days come. Years draw nigh in which those who live to see them find no pleasure. The capacity for enjoyment has failed. This is set forth in the lesson (1) under the figure of the darkening heavens and the re- turning clouds (v. 2) ; then (2) under the figure of a dilapidated house, with its dejected and inactive inmates (v. 3,4); and, finally, (3) fol- lows a mixture of metaphors and direct state- ments, the sum of which sets forth the com- plete failure of the aged man. Upon each of the points specified impressive lessons, even for the young, may be gathered. Life’s brightest things must fade. Youth’s perpetual sunshine will be superseded by the dark and cloudy times of advanced years. Your active limbs will bow in weakness and tremble. Your bright eyes will grow dim and your glossy locks will be silvery. Desire, even, shall fail; for ‘‘ man goeth to his long home,’ and whether he go by a long way or a short oue, his dust re- turns to the earth and his spirit to God from whom it came. But, lest some assume the long way to be their way, and that time is, therefore, abundant, and that God need not be remem- bered just now, verse 6 is introduced. The silver cord of life, while strong and beautiful, may be loosened. The golden bowl, imperish- able though gold be considered, may be broken. Accident may ruin the machinery of life in a moment. Therefore, man must not presume on length of days ; but, absolutely needing to be God’s before life and probation end, he should at once remember his Creator. That is the good start (1) if preparation for death be viewed; or (2) if, what is more important, preparation for life be considered chiefly. 2. THe SuRE GUIDE (vy. 9—12).—The people may have knowledge. ‘‘ Words of truth’’ have been written. Some of these came by the wise preacher of Ecclesiastes, some by prophet, some by evangelist; but all these words are given ‘‘from one shepherd.” ‘‘ Holy men of old spake as they were moved by the Holy Ghost.” ‘*All Scripture is given by inspiration of God.’”? God, the Holy Ghost, is the one from whom come all the sure words of Scrip- ture. We should study these words. We should store them in memory, so as to have no need of searching for direction at every emer- gency; but that we may be fully equipped and be prepared to act aright at alltimes. And not merely should we know, but we should trust and obey these words of truth. Haviug made a good start, this method of procedure will secure to us a correct advance in godly living. 8. THe Fina RECKONING (vy. 13, 14).—When- ever a reckoning is to come its basis or its standard should be known beforehand. ‘“ The whole duty of man” is, therefore, stated here (v. 13). By strength of his own man can never meet these requirements. ‘‘ There is none righteous.’’ Christ Jesus, however, is “of God made unto us [who believe] wisdom and righteousness.’’ In him man stands complete. “This is the work of God, that ye believe on him whom he hath sent.’? When the believer, therefore, comes into the final judgment he will stand complete. A personal perfection or a perfection given him by Christ must be pos- sessed in that searching hour. The former none has. The latter any may have. Having this perfection, the crown of a godly life is attained. Having begun in youth and contin- ued according to God’s statutes, it finds its ap- propriate termination in eternal glory. — rr ....Undoubtedly the Bible, as such, is but little used in some Sunday-schools. Lesson- leaves and kindred helps supersede the one book. Good helps have their mission. They are a means of opening up and enforcing the Seriptures. But they should never supplant the Bibles in the classes, President Chad- bourne, of Williams College, recently enunci- ated this sound doctrine upon the point: “There is danger, in the multiplicity of books and studies, that the Bible will be neg- lected. It is neglected sadly even in Christian families. When the Bible was the one book of the many learned its truths as they are not now learned by the young. There is a de- mand that the Bible be banished from our pub-

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10 lic schools. All these efforts and. this talk, which will poison the minds of children, make it rnore important that the Bible should be exaltcid in every Christian school and col- lege. Ad especially necessary ig\it that the Sabbath-schools should do their work in the most efficient manner. They should teach the Bible, and not merely teach something about the Bible. The Bible will remain when the earth and the heavens pass away; and when the great white throne is set, itis one of the books that will be opened. Can such a book be ignored in any system of education—a book that fits men for all in this life—for citizenship, for social life, for old age, for sickness, and for death—and for that other life for which this whole life is simply an education? Let us come to simple Bible truth.” ..«.The Canadian Provincial Sunday-school Convention is to meet at Belleville, October 10th—12th. The Rev. William Millard, of Toronto, secretary of the Convention, an- nounces concerning the coming meeting the following items of interest : ‘Besides other matters, there will be the fol- lowing topics introduced and discussed : Bible study; specimens of primary, intermediate, and senior-class teaching; how we conduct a Sunday-school session ; institutes in our coun- ties; home culture; Sunday-school mission work in Ontario; what Sunday-schools have done for foreign missions ; special services for children ; a sermon to a mass-meeting of chil- dren ; the Acts of the Apostles as a book; in- direct benefits of Sunday-school conventions. Reduced fares on Canadian railways will be granted to all who present certificates duly a by the general secretary. Such cer- tificates can be had on application to me and are good for the double journey. The Bay of Quinto and Oswego Navagation Company will convey persons from Oswego at half fare to Belleville. Deputations from kindred asso- ciations, both from the other British Provinces and tie United States, will have a cordial welcome,”’ ....Sund2y-school teachers certainly have much to learn, and alarge part of what they have to learn may be learned from the public school system of our land. At the recent Martha’s Vineyard Convention the Rev. Mr. Gracey pointed out some of the things in sec- ular schools which Sunday-school people may well imitate. After attending to some minor points, he touched a fundamen‘al one in these words: “Great attention is given in secular schools to the fitness of teachers for their respective osts. Not every good man is ‘apt to teach.’ Nor is every teacher competent with all grades of pupils. A giant in the adult class often sete utterly at loss among the little ones. unday-schools should give attention to these matters of fitness, not merely because of its relation to the success of the schools, but be- cause incompetent teachers on Sunday stand in wretched contrast with the effective instructors of the week. Trained teachers must be had in Sunday-schools.”’ ...eHow to pray aright is a problem upon which Christians need teaching from the Holy Spirit. Little children need to be taught the same lesson. The attitude of prayer they learn casily. Forms of prayer may be quickly taught tem, and these, when learned, are re- peated c'ibly by the little ones. But there is far more in prayer than posture and words. In The Sunday-school Times Grace Webster Hins- dale speaks thus wisely on this point: “Children are not atheists. They believe ‘that God is’ and that he is the Great Giver. Do not let their faith be lost through the igno” rance and foolishness of their petitions. Give them a promise to prayon. Find one appro- priate to tneir needs. Show them the connec- tion between their need and the promise ; and in the su.uplest language teach them to ask of God tle thing he has promised to give. The ehila w:llsoon learn to say to himself, when he ean read the Bible: ‘Here is a promise. Ill as for it.’”’ -»+-Schools resuming Work after their vaca- tions, or the incidental summer scatterings, should employ every means to collect their pupils speedily. Postal-cards, with special in- vitations to the opening session, are sent out by many superintendents. Some have a per- sonal endorsement by the teachers of the re- spective scholars. The written message of a teacher, ‘‘I will be there,”’ carries with it a charm not easy to resist. But, whether by this or by some other means, gather in the former pupils and many more, and do for them better work than ever before. sss.‘ Why cannot we have better singing in our school?’ This question was recently asked by a zealous Sunday-school worker. Perhaps some peculiar difficulty may exist in his school ; but, on general principles, it may be said: Make singing an exercise of equal dignity with other parts of the school service. It should never be used as a mere pastime nor to cover confusion and noise. It should be “unto the Lord.” Perfect order and sincere devotion are essential to good Sunday-school singing. .»..There can be no valid objection to a per” son resuming work with special vigor after season of rest. Let each worker who has en- joyed a vacation now lay hold with renewed zeal. Having started fairly, let him then keep ‘on, and let him not be weary in well-doing. ....Sun-struck Sunday-schools will soon show signs of life. Let every effert be made to get them on their feet onee more, School and College. OweEns CoLLEGE, Manchester, England, has now get so big that it wants to be a uni- versity. The Saturday Review thinks Manchester no fit place: ‘* All work and no play, especial- ly if that work has to be done in a very large and very smoky town, will certainly make Jack a dull and probably make him a vicious boy. Yet what are the amusements to be had in a city like Manchester? Bicycling, perhaps, in the quieter streets; bathing in a swimming bath; boating, by going over to Liverpool; cricket, in a ground which can easily be reached by railway. These are not the surroundings which are likely to attach the student to the memory of his university life or to give him that keen corporate feeling which is scarcely ever wholly absent even from men who have least cared for or appreciated Oxford and Cam- bridge while they were in residence. Wher- ever a university is it should be able, at least, to hold its own against the surroundings in which it is placed, even if it does not altogether dominate them. If weare right in this respect, the first step toward making Owens College the nucleus of a new university should be to move it into new quarters. It should grow by migration. If this is not possible, as very probably it is not, the impossibility constitutes a preliminary objection to the scheme of the very greatest magnitude.”’ This is sound in the main; but the college has got along very well thus far ina large town, and asa uni- versity it would only be a rose with another name.”’ «+». “‘ Enter college,’ says The Advance, in a sound editorial, which closes as follows: The old-fashioned college has not lost its val- ue. Latin and Greek have not ceased to be helpful. The superiority of the average col- lege-bred man is as sure as mathematics. It appears in his ledgers and briefs and sermons. It is obvious socially and politically and moral- ly. It is seen in dignity and refinement of ‘character, if not in power or influence. The boy misses it and generally mourns over it if he gives up going to college, because he can- not go to Yale or Harvard, or because he cannot take the valedictory, or because God has not given him any extraordinary genius, or because multitudes of coarse, uncouth, uncultured men may carry off the world’s prizes in spite of him. Other things being equal, the college-boy will shine brightest and become noblest, richest, and most useful.” --».The foundations of the new building for the Institute of Technology, Boston, to be de- voted to the department of chemistry and mechanics, have been laid. The building will be of brick, one story high and 40x150 feet. The funds have thus far been contributed by the Women’s Educational Association and the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Associa- tion. About 3,500 feet of the floor-space will be devoted to a series of shops for class-teach- ing in the use of tools and in foundry work. ....Nineteen of the Mexican states have established gratuitous and obligatory instruc- tion. In 1871 there were in the whole country about 5,000 primary schools, attended by 269,- 000 pupils. At present there are 8,103 schools and 369,000 pupils. The instruction consists of reading, writing, Spanish grammar, arith- metic, the system of weights and measures, ‘morality and politeness.’”? In addition, they teach in nearly all the schools the duties and rights of the citizen. ...»Mr, Carr, the California state superin- tendent of schools, proposes a Centennial Ed- ucational Convention, which will be held in San Francisco, beginning on Tuesday, Sept. 26th, 1876, and continuing four days. Several of the Bay counties will consolidate their an- nual county institutes with the state conven- tion and others are invited to doso. The con- vention is, of course, for California alone. --..The Industrial School for Girls at Hal- lowell, Me., is full. There are thirty girls at the institution and two orthree are out on trial, liable to be returned. Five or six have made application to become members of the school, as soon as there is room to receive them. Dr. Allen, the superintendent, is well filling the position assigned him by the managers. -...The State Agricultural College at Orono, Me., has opened for the fall term with a fresh- man class of 22, There are to be in future but two terms a year, of 16 and 20 weeks, because most of the students are farmers’ sons, who want to work summers. -eeeThe English school-boards have estab- lished a system of banks, to teach the children economy, and they have now deposited in them more than £8,000 belonging to children, £6,000 of which belongs to the London children. .».. The Free Medical College for Women in this city, which was established six years ago, has suspended operations on account of in- sufficient support, . THE INDEPENDENT ‘September 7, 1876. Ministerial Register Information for this department will be gladly received. BAPTIST. ; BURNHAM, Epwrn, closed his services as sup- ply of Tremont Temple, Boston, Sept. 3d. CHILDS, T. P., Troy, Ohio, is dangerously ill at his home. CHURCHILL, G. A., called to New Vienna, O. CLARK, A. D., Italy Hollow, N. Y., ord. August 23d. COLE, 8. A., ord. recently at Mattawan, Mich. CRUMB, AnpDREw J., ordained at Brookfield, N. Y., Aug. 26th. wap 3 UDSON, closes his pastorate at Eaton, DUBOC, A. M., Denison, Iowa, resigns. His present address is Rochester, N. Y. DYKE, A. 8., Parliament-st. ch., Toronto, re- signs and accepts call to College-st. ch., in the same city. EASTON, D. C., resigns at Orange, and ac- cepts call to Wendell, Mass. EVANS, J., Binghamton, N. Y., called to East Worcester, N. Y. He accepts and begins his new pastorate in October. FIELDING, D. H., Roanoke, Ill., declines call to that town, where he has been laboring as supply. GARRISON, GrorcE, San Franeisco, Cal., closes his labors as supply at Redwood City, Cal. GOODALL, J. S8., Londonderry, Vt., resigns, but congregation refuses to accept it. GRAVES, A. C., First ch., Manchester, N. H., resigns. GRAY, Stewart, Olney, Ill., resigns. HART, N., removes from Oswayo to Annin Creek, Pa. JEFFERY, Dr., Brooklyn, N. Y., retires from regular editorial work on The Baptist Union. JURGENSEN, C., Rochester, N. Y., ord. at Sheboygan, Wis., August 23d. LORIMER, Dr., Tremont Temple, Boston, re- sumes his pastorate Sept. 10th. MALVERN, J., Lansing, Me., resigns. McCREARY, Louis, Indianola, accepts call to Rantoul, Il. MERRILL, C. H., Carthage, N. Y., receives a unanimous call from Johnstown, N. J. MIZE, J. H., of Missouri, becomes centennial agent for Elmira College, Greenville, Ill. NOTT, R. M., Wakefield, Mass., resigns his po- sition as agent of the Baptist Centennial Association of Massachusetts. PACKARD, J. A., called to Versailles, N. Y. PERKINS, 8. W., preached his farewell ser- mon in Brunswick-st. ch., Gardiner, Me., August 20th. POWELL, Mr., Bernard-st. church, St. Louis, resigns and takes charge of the church at De Soto, Mo. RANDALL, N. B., Vineland, N. J., called to Jefferson-st. ch., Providence, R. I. RICHARDS, W. C., Pror., accepts call to Millard-ave. ch., Chicago, Ill., and enters upon the pastorate in October. SANDS, CuHar.zs, of Indiana, accepts call to Belle Plain, Ill. SMITH, W. B., Louisville, Ky., resigns the pastorate of Pilgrim ch. TOMLINSON, A. B., Washburn and Rockland Valley, [ll., closes his labors with these churches. VAN METER, W. C., returned August 26th to his missionary work in Rome. WHEELER, Bensaman, Randolph, Mass., died August 25th, very suddenly. WHITE, R. C., San Francisco, Cal., is expected to supply Redwood City, Cal. CONGREGATIONAL, ADAMS, G. C., Castine, Me., called to Hills- boro, Ill. DICKINSON, §. F., closes his labors at Blue Island, Dl. EVANS, DanIgL A., accepts call to Ashton, Pa. HEATH, A. H., accepts call to North ch., New Bedford, Mass. IVES, ALFrep E., Castine, Me., resigns. JONES, Davin L., Bangor, Me., ord. as evan- gelist at South Freeport, Me., August 24th. KINGSBURY, CHarzes A., closes his services as supply at Marion, Mass. LEE, ALBERT, ord. as evangelist at Rutland, N. Y., recently. LOTHROP, 8. K., D.D., res Brattle-st. ch., Boston, has held 42 years. MERRILL, BENJAMIN B., called to First ch., Searsport, Me. MORSE, CHARLES P., Brookfield, Mass., died August 24th. ; OTIS, N. L., Ithaca, Mich., requested to take charge of missionary field in Montcalm County, Mich. PELTON, G. 8., Hartford, Conn., began his labors at New Marlboro, Mass., Sept. 3d. PERRY, Davin, East Falmouth, Me., died of apoplexy August 27th, at Wareham, Mass, PIPES, A. M., Oberlin, accepts call to Union- ville, Ohio. PRATT, Luiewettyn, North Adams, Maass., closed his pastorate Aug. 24th, and takes a professorship in Williams College. UTLEY, W. H., accepts call to Pontiac, Mich., for one year. LUTHERAN. HATCHER, 8. E., Wythe County, Pa., died re- ‘cently, KUHL, C., of Illinois, retires from active work in the ministry, on account of throat troubles. sa gy Mr., Nebraska, retires from the min- try. SIEBER, L. L., accepts call to Lavansville, Pa. WEIBERG, Gzorcz, preached his farewell ss pastorate of ass., which he . sermon at Green , R. 1, Aug. 6th. ——— PRESBYTERIAN. ALDEN, G. R., New Hartford, N. Y., is called to Greensburg, Ind. ALEXANDER, W., D.D., has been appointed — of ecclesiastical history in San rancisco Theological Seminary. ALLIS, J. M., Anaheim, is called to Larkin- street ch., San Francisco, Cal. BAIRD, W. G., resigns Old-street church, Petersburg, Va., on account of ill-health, a returns to his home at Mount Airy, aXe BRIGGS, Cuaries A., D.D., will be inaugu- rated professor of Hebrew and cognate languages in Union Theological Seminary, Sept. 21st. BURKHALTER, E. R., of New Rochelle, N, Y., accepts call to Cedar Rapids, Iowa. BUNTING, R. F., D.D., Galveston, Texas, comes North for an extended visit. BURNAP, Buss, died recently at Moira, N. Y., aged 74, COLLINS, S., is called to Scottsville, Pa. COOPER, M. M., Mt. Vernon, is called to sup- ply Baldwin and Yankeetown, O. EELLS, James, D.D., bas been elected profess- or of sacred rhetoric and pastoral theol- ogy in San Francisco Theological Seminary, FLINN, W., D.D., New Orleans, La., has been dismissed to the Presbytery of Nash- ville, Tenn. GOWDY, G. E., Dayton, is called to Greenfield, Ohio. HALL, CHARLES CUTHBERT, returns to his church at Newburgh, N. Y., after a visit to Europe. HAMILTON, D111Is D., died at Pompeii, Mich., recently. KELLEY, W. W.C., removes from Lockhart to Onion Creek, Texas. LE CONTE, WiL.1am, returns from his mis- sionary work in Brazil in ill health. LEONARD, A. 8., Cincinnati, O., is called to Brooklyn, Iowa. LONG, J. W., accepts call to Romaine Prairie, Ill. Ordained and installed August 27th. LOWRIE, J. G., Fort Wayne, Ind., supplies pulpit of G. L. Spining at Hannibal, Mo., during pastor’s absence. MACFARLAND, W. H., is called to Second ch., Fort Wayne, Ind. MAXSON, G. W., of Georgia, has been chosen president of Levert College, Talbotton, Ga. MAY, J. K., ordained and installed at Paris, Pa., recently. MARINER, Wo., PRor., has been elected to the chair of languages in Lincoln Uni- versity. McCONNELL, T. T., installed at McMinnville, Tenn., recently. McDONALD, H. A., accepts call to Wooster, O. McKELVEY, ALEXANDER, declines call to Bellefonte, Pa. MOOREHEAD, W. G., D. D., of Xenia Theo- logical Seminary, declines call to Spring- field, O MORRILL, Mr., of New York, supplies Tabb- st. ch., Petersburg, Va., during Dr. Wither- spoon’s absence. ROGERS, W. F., removes from Maryville to Grassy Cove, Tenn. RUSSELL. D., removes from Manchester to West Union, Iowa. SHANKS, J. D., receives call to Carrollton, Il. TODD, H. W., of Ironton, Mo., accepts call to Vandalia, Il. WEST, N., D. D., closes his pastorate with Lin- coln-Park ch., Chicago, } WILLIAMSON, B. ALEXANDER, accepts call to Stillwater, Pa. WOOD, F. M., Marshall, Mich., supplies How- ard-street, San Francisco, Cal. PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL. AVES, Cares, of Ohio, received as postu- lant. BACKUS, A. M., accepts assistant rectorship of Trinity, Cleveland, O. BARR, D. E., Elleardsville, Mo., suspended from the ministry for three years for drunk- enness. BASLEY, GrorGs, resigns rectorship of church at Venice, Ohio, and becomes missionary at Bellefontaine and Kenton, VU. BODINE, W. B., resigns rectorship of Har- court Parish, Gambier, O. CANFIELD, J. H., Platteville, Wis., becomes rector at River Falls, Wis. DEAN, WitFReED H., of Ohio, dismissed to Diocese of Central New York. HAUGHTON, James, has been elected dean of All Saint’s Cathedral, Albany, N. Y JAMES, Fiemina, D.D., Gambier Theological Seminary, elected rector Harcourt Parish, Gambier, Ohio. JACKSON, Wo. G., Elk Ridge Landing, Md., died at Bellagio, Italy, Aug. 24th, of heart disease. . MENDENHALL, James K., Bethlehem, Pa., resigns. MOMBERT, J. L., D.D., accepts appointment as associate secretary of the Society for the Increase of the Ministry, Philadelphia. SAMS, Mr., Manchester, Va., is called to Christ church, Richmond, Va. SCHOULER, Ws., —- rectorship Grace ch., Union Springs, N. Y. THOMAS, E. 8., has become rector of St. Paul’s, St. Paul, Minn. TOMLINS, W. H., takes charge of church work at Stone Ridge, N. Y. WARD, Epwarp R., Milwaukee, Wis., starts a new weekly, entitled Zhe Western Church. REFORMED (GERMAN). ACCOLA, O. J., of Second ch., Dayton, Ohio, resigns. HOFFMEIER, T. F., inst. recently at Middle- town, Pa. SMITH, Wm. H., ord. and inst, at Cesar Creek, Ohio, recently.

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16. Se — ‘called pointed in San zarkin- hurch, health, t Airy, naugu- ‘Ognate ninary, lle, N, va. Texas, N.Y, to sup- rofess- theol- ninary, 1.» has Nash- nfield, to his visit to Mich., ekhart 8 mis- lled to rairie, ith. ipplies 1, Mo., second chosen on, Ga, Paris, ted to Uni- iville, ter, O. all to Theo- pring- Tabb- ‘ither- ille to ter to mn, Til. all to h Lin- -all to How- September 7, 1876.] THE INDEPENDENT. Pebbles. A MrynesotTa juror addressed a note to the judge, in which he styled him an “‘ onorable jug.” ta ae ‘Sambo, did you ever see the Catskil Mountains?”’ ‘No, sah! But I’ve seen um kill mice.” ....Mrs, Partington concurs in Bishop Whip- ple’s pacific policy toward the Indians. She says she’d drive ’em right into it and drown em all. ...“* That was very greedy of you, Tommy, to eat your little sister’s share of cake.’’ ‘‘ You told me, Ma, I was always to take her part,” said Tommy. ....An Irish barrister, just arrived in En- gland, had a bad habit of putting out his tongue. ‘I suppose,” said Jekyll, “‘ that he is trying to catch the English accent.” ....Now that Ben Butler has announced him- self “‘a widow’’ and the owner of the yacht “‘ America,’’ we suppose it’s in order to speak of his recent nautical experience as ‘‘the wid- ow’s cruise.’’ .... Thanks and a thousand of them to that unknown genius who entrusted a trunk, with a hive of bees in it, to the tender mercies of a Syracuse baggage-master, the other day. The company will pay for the bees and the doctor thinks his patient will be around again in a fortnight or so. ..-.»How much better one feels after reading an item like the following from a New York paper: ‘*Two and two-tenth inches of rain fell in this city during the storm of Thursday last, representing for this locality alone a fall of 37,468,750 tons of water; the heat liberated by the condensation of vapor into this amount of water being sufficient to melt 187,000,000 tons of cast iron.” ...‘*Every man,” sald Mark Lemon, one evening, at his club, “has his peculiarities; though I think I am as free from them as most men. At any rate, I don’t know what they are.” Nobody contradicted the editor of Punch ; but, after a while, Albert Smith asked: ‘‘ Which hand do you shave with, Uncle?” ‘ With my right hand,’’ replied Lemon. ‘ Ah!’’ returned the other, “ that’s your peculiarity. Most peo- ple shave with a razor.”’ ...-A tramp stole into a kitchen in Burling- ton, Iowa, and was just tip-toeing out, with a big loaf of bread anda pie, when the woman of the house camein. She shrieked for help and struck him over the face with a saucer she held in her hand, breaking the vessel and cutting his nose, when he dropped his booty and fled, merely pausing to call his hostess an “ unmiti- gated old sauceress,’? which, considering his limited time and scant opportunities, wasn’t so bad. -..-A boy of five years was “playing rail- road’’ with his sister of two and a half years. Drawing her upon a footstool, he imagined himself both the engine and the conductor. After imitating the puffing noise of the steam, he stopped and called out ‘‘ New York,” and in a moment after “‘ Paterson,” and then “ Phil- adelphia.”’ His knowledge of towns was now exhausted, and at the next place he cried ‘“Heaven.”? His little sister said, eagerly: ‘Top! Ides I'll dit out here.” ..+-The other day a man took home a book The prompt mention in our list of “ Books of the Week” wil be considered by us an equivalent to their pub- Ushers for all volumes recetved. The inverests of owr readers will guide us in the selection of works for fur- ther notice. CONWELL’S LIFE OF HAYES.* Tue volume before us is the first biog- raphy of the Republican candidate for President that has come to our table. The daily newspapers have presented very full accounts of his life, so that by this time its leading events are pretty well known; but this work offers to the voter more elaborate records of an honorable and useful career. Its author is Col. Russell H. Conwell, a Bostonian gentleman of culture, who has written several books and has also occu- pied the lecture platform. In this volume, of course, he has had a task to perform of the sort that suggests the difficulties attend- ing the hack writer, from the poet laureate to the midnight reporter; but he has written with enthusiasm and has not let his desire to be first in the field blind him to the necessity of accuracy and sobermindedness. ‘Tt has been no small task to collect the materials for this work,” he says, ‘‘and satisfy the demands of intelligent and crit- ical readers; for Gen. Hayes has not been one who has thrust himself before the people, nor one who has made any ef- fort to make or to preserve an interesting biography.” All this, we would say to those who call Gov, Hayes an obscure no- body, was equally true of Lincoln in 1860; for Lincoln’s campaigning with Douglas was no more national than Hayes’s hard- money fight with William Allen. Mr. Conwell, in the preparation of his book, has, however, received some assistance from Gov. Hayes himself, and more from his intimate friends—such aid having to do with facts only. He determined at the outset, he says, to avoid partiality and undue laudation, and Gov. Hayes only an- ticipated him in his desire to write an inde- pendent and truthful biography. Gov. Hayes, while the writer was at work, was to him ‘‘a kind and genial man, willing to do anything he could to assist in the work, wherever it did not require egotism or as- surance to do it.” Besides this personal assistance, Mr. Conwell was also helped by his private secretary, Captain Alfred E. Lee, and by twelve other persons, to whom acknowledgments are made. The volume opens with a rather ridic- ulous preface, the first page of which is actually devoted to a defense and laudation of prefaces in general, in the following absurd style: ‘‘ God bless the man who in- vented a preface! He was a public ben- efactor and ought to have a monument on Mount Olympus. It is such a sweet satis- faction to have some spot in a book where the author can be at home with his intimate friends and out of the reach of in- truders, and where a writer can say any- thing he pleases, without being questioned by the public ”—and so on through 26 lines containing several anecdotes showing the pow- er of imagination, and, after reading them to his wife, he tenderly said: ‘“‘ Now, Angelina, you may imagine that you hear me kissing Madalina in the other room, and you see how wicked it would be to accuse me of such a thing.’”’ ‘Julius John,’ she replied, in a smooth voice, ‘‘if ever I imagine such a thing, you’ll need a doctor within fifteen minutes; and I’ll send for him, no matter what that book says.”’ ...-A cruel disappointment, says a San Fran- cisco newspaper, was that of a party of ladies and gentlemen exploring the depths of the Bonanza Mines the other day. It was arranged that a lunch was to be eaten on the one-thou- sand-five-hundred-foot level, and, therefore, at noon four large baskets full of dainties, both liquid and substantial, were lowered into the depths. These descended first, among a group of honest Cornish miners, delving on the one- thousand-two-hundred-foot level, who, in the absence of any instructions, decided, after much discussion, that it must be an American national holiday, or something of the kind, above ground, and that this was a kindly little compliment from the Bonanza princes. They, therefore, fell toon the eatables with much energy. When the exhausted excursionists in- quired for their refreshments, they discovered only the empty hampers and about twenty brawny miners, fall of chicken salid, cham- pagne, mashed ice, and other things, dancing a demoniac Cornish breakdown by the fitful light the faring torch. -~ - ; ence, Good and Evil, and its Works; and on Diviue Revelation andits Works and Sciences.” Mr. Wilkinson js one of the men to whom it has pleased Ralph Waldo Emerson to award high praise ; but his attainments and his writ- ings do not entitle him to a very exalted rank among living theologians and scientists, on the domains of both of whom, after the manner of Swedenborgians, he has disported himself. This work was started as a protest against vivisection; but it stretches over pretty much the whole question of science’s relations with re- ligion, and finds space for the discussion of such other matters as the application of New Church doctrines to statesmanship, etc. Mr. Wilkinson’s ‘‘ heart is in the right place’’; but his armory and his martial method are not such as to make him a very valuable Christian cham- pion. ..+.From the office of The Publishers’ Weekly we receive, a little earlier than usual, Mr. Ley- poldt’s admirable and indispensable Trade- List Annual for 1876. The general index of last year’s volume is omitted in this, since its place is soon to be taken by the elaborate ** American Catalogue”? upon which Mr. Ley- poldt has long been zealously at work. The volume contains, as new features, however, an alphabetical list of contributors and adver- tisers in the issues for 1873, 1874, 1875, and 1876 ; a classified index, by subjects, of these contributors ; a reprint of the Boston Public Library’s chapter called ‘‘ Books on Special Subjects: How to Find them’’; a directory of all the publishers in the United States; and the account of the book exhibit at the Centen- nial which recently appeared in The Publishers’ Weekly. This book is one which we, in com- mon with very many literary workers, as well as booksellers, find it necessary to keep constant- ly at our elbow. Mr. Leypoldt occupies a field all his own ; and he cultivates it, we venture to say, in amanner whichany successor or imita- tor would find it hard to copy. ....Miss Yonge continues her series of Serip- ture Readings for Schools and Families (Macmil- lan & Co.) by the issue of the fourth volume, which is devoted to the Gospel times. It is constructed on the plan of the previous books, a brief selection from the Bible being reprinted in full, to which are appended explanatory and illustrative notes. Miss Yonge is always de- vout and sensible and her notes avoid sensa- tionalism utterly, while they do not strike against the rock of tameness and stupidity. As everybody knows, her devotion to the An- glican Church is entire and enthusiastic ; but that circumstance does not interfere with the service her religious as well as secular books offer to persons of other communions. The book is brought out in the usual pretty style of the publishers. ....A. 8. Barnes & Co. have begun the pub- lication of Mrs. Martha J. Lamb’s History of the City of New York. The work will appear in parts, at 50 cents apiece, of which four have already reached us. Mrs. Lamb, who isa member of the Historical Society, has been at work upon it for some ten years, and has aimed to make a record full and accurate enough to be worth permanent preservation and study. It is very well written and is more trustworthy than any local history that has yet appeared. Mrs. Lamb unitesthosetwo prime merits of a historian—industry in collecting and collating 11 it tit The title-page embodies a longer deseription of | style of quasi Spectator humor, once more in Li CraMre, the nature of the volume: ‘On Human Sci- } vogue than now. .... We receive from the American Tract 8o- ciety a small wall-map of Palestine (map about twenty-five inches by fifteen) based on Kiepert’s map and, therefore, good. The new correc- tions mentioned appear to be taken from Grove’s map, after Tristram—not the best authority. Thus Zoar is put on the head of Mt. Pisgah on “ Stara,” a misprint for the Siara of De Saulcy’s map, properly Siagha. We be- lieve Zoar was much nearer the river. So Zareth Shahar is put, after Tristram (following Seetzen), down by the Dead Sea, which is very doubtful. Porter’s identifications of Beth- Gamul, Bozrah, and Kerioth, and Kenath are also added. It is a very useful map for Bible students. ..-.The Lutheran Bookstore, of Philadelphia, has issued in a large and handsome volume, with blue covers and red edges, Dr. Joseph A. Seiss’s Lectures on the Gospels for the Sundays and Chief Festivals of the Church Year, hitherto issued in two octavos. Dr. Seiss is one of the soundest and ablest divines in the Lutheran Church, and upon these voluminous lectures he has spent much time and strength. The Lutherans lay much stress upon the retention and observance of the principal seasons of the church year; but Dr. Seiss, like the rest of his school, is evangel- ical rather than ritual in his temperament, and his words will be acceptable to Christians at -...d. B. Lippincott & Co. are now carrying forward the supplementary series of ‘‘ Ancient Classics for English Readers.” The last issue is Ovid, by Rev. Alfred Church, of Edward the Sixth’s school, East Rexford. The bock is pre- pared on the familiar plan of the old series and contains all information needed about the old Roman satirist’s life, together with material for acquiring a good idea of his works. Why Ovid was not included in the original library we do not exactly see. ...-A History of Europe in 150 little 18mo pages is not a very easy thing to write ; but Ed- ward A. Freeman has prepared an excellent one for J. R. Green’s series of history primers (Macmillan & Co. and D. Appleton & Co.). Only leading facts are given, of course; but each one stands out as clear and bright as a new coin. eve»The Record of the Year, Frank Moore’s new magazine, which Carleton publishes, has completed its first volume with the issue of its sixth (September) number. It has been steadily good, and its diaries and selections are very well worth binding up, especially as they are furnished with an elaborate index. ....A brief but clear and conyenient account of the Metric System, divested of its history and technicalities, by Alfred Colin, M. E., is issued by D. Appleton & Co. It is designed particularly for candidates for colleges or pre- paratory schools and for engineers not familiar with the system. ---.The Rey. C. Munger is the author of a convenient pamphlet guide, with tables, to The Chronology of Bible History (Nelson & Phil- lips). It does not deal, of course, with vexed or knotty points; but clearly elucidates the dates of Scripture occurrences as generally un- derstood. .... Sheldon & Co. bring out a new edition of that standard and ever-popular treatise, Dr. facts, and gracefulness of style in putting more, in which we are informed that ‘‘a preface is a preparatory rest, a social morn- ing call on old acquaintances, or a sunrise ramble over the fields with the companions we love,” etc. The same discursive spirit of the author inflicts upon the reader an introduction, which contains some moral- izing and sound advice to presidential can- didates. When he gets to the biography proper he indulges less in these little ser- mons and essays. The literary style of the chapters is not of the highest order; but the story of Gov. Hayes’s boyhood, educa- tion, war days, and governorship is really very interesting. We need not summarize it anew. There are fewer errors of fact and type than one would expect in so hastily-prepared a work. ‘‘ Gambia” for Gambier is as bad as any of the blunders. A compendious sketch of Mr. Wheeler’s life is appended, and the volume is adorned with fairly good steel portraits and start- lingly ugly wood-engravings, of which a venerable cut of the Capitol at Washing- ton is one. “¥ LIFE AND PUBLIC SERVICES OF Gov. RUTHER- FORD B. HAYES. By RUSSELL H.CONWELL. Bos- ton: B. B. Russell. ’ ....Human Science and Divine Revelation (J. B. Lippincott & Co.) is the title on the back of a large volume by James John Garth Wilkin- son, the English Champion of Swedenborg. them before the public. The work is hand- somely printed on tinted paper and is accom- panied by numerous wood-cuts of good ex- ecution. ....-The Silk Association of America has issued a history of Zhe Silk Industry in Amer- ica, prepared for the Centennial Exhibition by Linas P. Brockett, M.D.,the author of several books and an associate editor of Johnson’s Cyclopedia. It contains a great body of val- uable statistics, which, with the accompanying text, have an interest not only for specialists and mercantile men, but for the public at large. Such an amount of information on the subject has never hitherto been made accessible. The contents of the book are such as to be a matter of national pride. The volume em- bodies, besides the history proper, the -fourth annual report of the Silk Association, and various interesting tables, illustrations, and other matter. --.-The Law of the Road (San, Francisco:' Sumner, Whitney & Co.), by R. Vashon Rogers, Jr., a Canadian lawyer, is an odd Sut rather enjoyable book. “The Wrongs and Rights of a Traveler”’ is its supplementary title, and its: aim is to impart, through the medium of a bright and entertaining story, as much law in- formation as the traveler needs, whether he walks, runs, rides, rows, sails, or goes by rail. Each page has some lines of learned foot-notes, and thus is really worth preservation in the libra- ry of the professional man, as well as the hand of the desultory tourist. The two prefaces and some parts of the book itself are written in a Joseph Alden’s Science of Government, the plates of which, by long use, had got all worn out. It elucidates a highly important subject with clearness and accuracy. NOTES. Le Temps announces that it will publish a re- view of M. Rénan’s “‘ Dialogues Philosophiques’’ by the late George Sand. James Miller will publish during the falla new volume of miscellaneous poems by Mr. Tupper. He is coming over here soon and will read his proofs. There are now published in Holland 354 daily and weekly journals and 237 reviews. Amsterdam has 60 periodicals, Rotterdam 20, and the Hague 27. Prof. J. Morgan Hart, now of the Univers- ity of Cincinnati, has just completed another volume of his series of German Classics. The name of the new volume is ‘‘ Goethe’s Select Prose.”’ Victor Hugo is rich. He has, among other investments, eight hundred shares in the Na- tional Bank of Belgium, which are worth 2,850 franes per share—a sum of over £33,000—to start with. And this is not all his property. «.»-Lockwood, Brooks & Co, have nearly ready Dr. George B. Loring’s ‘‘Farmyard Club of Jotham.” It puts in a popular form Dr. Loring’s views and experiences-in farming, with such hints as he thinks American farmers need. Joel Munsell, of Albany, will publish very

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soon & new edition of ‘‘ Doddridge’s Notes on the Indian Wars of Western Pennsylvania and Virginia,” with a Memoir of the author. by his daughter, the late Narcissa Doddridge. The Memoir, in addition to interesting particulars in the life of the author, embraces much new historical matter of interest. Joel Munsell announces a new and improved edition of Mrs. Grant’s ‘‘Memoirs of an Amer- iean Lady,” with Sketches of Manners and Scenery in America as they existed previous to the American Revolution; also a Mem- oir of the Author, Mrs. Anne Grant, by Gen. James Grant Wilson, Biographical and Illus- trative Notes, a portrait, and numerous fllus- trations. John Lovell and John W. Lovell, Jr., of the Lovell Printing and Publishing Co., Montreal, and the Lake Champlain Press Co., Rouse’s Point, N. Y.,and G. Mercer Adam, of Adam, Stevenson & Co., of Toronto, have formed a co- partnership, under the style of Lovell, Adam & Co., for the prosecution in New York of a pub- lishing business, more particularly in the field of authorized reprinting of British copyright works, but also in that of the general business. The oration of Prof. Edward J. Young, of the Harvard Divinity School, and the other ad- dresses which were delivered at Sudbury, Mass., on the occasion of the celebration of the two hundredth anniversary of Captain Wads- worth’s engagement with King Philip’s forces, which took place on the 18th of April last, have been published by the Goodnow Library Trust- ees of that town, in pamphlet form. The oration is both able and polished. The Academy thus praises Mr. W. J. Hoppin, our secretary of legation in London: ‘ Art and literature are both represented in the new American embassy. Mr. William J. Hoppin, the chief secretary of the legation, who arrived in England at the end of June, is not merely ap accomplished lawyer, but is also well known to American readers as a cultivated and serious artcritic. He has been for some time a notable contributor to the Atlantic Monthly Magazine and he is now wréting in L’Art a very interest- ing account of the present state of American art.”’ Prof. Nissen, of Berlin, has published a monograph on six newly-found leaves of a manuscript of Ammianus Marcellinus. They were discovered at Marburg, whither they had been brought from Cassel several years before. They had been used to cover certain acta drawn up by the controllers of the Castle of Friede- wald, in the years 1584, 1585, 1586, and 1589. Nissen decides that they belonged originally to the Codex Vetustus, formerly in possession of the Abbey of Hersfeld, which Gelenius used for the 1533 edition of Ammianus, and with which the Fulda Codex, brought to light by Poggio and now in the Vatican (No. 1,873), can alone claim equal antiquity. The only version in the English language which the American Bible Society can circulate is that of 1611. But it aims to extend its influ- ence to other countries, Christian, Moham- medan, and Pagan; and during the last year it aided in circulating the Scriptures in France, Russia, Germany, Austria, Italy, Norway, Sweden, Turkey, Asia Minor, Syria, Persia, India, Slam, China, Japan, Mexico, South America, Africa, the West Indies, and the Islands of the Northern Pacific. At the close of its sixtieth year its total issues of Bibles, Testaments, and integral portions of Scripture are 33,125,766, its expenditures in this work having exceeded $17,000,000. The good critic of music, thinks the Atlantic Monthly, is rare ; but, meanwhile, honesty will help a little. _‘‘The complete musical critic, the Schumann or Berlioz, is undoubtedly a de- sideratum in every esthetic community; yet what an astoundingly rare phenomenon he is. But, in his absence, the straightforward, hon- est man, of even passable esthetic lights, may do much, if he will only modestly content him- self with saying what he knows and merely suggesting what he feels. Let the critic never forget what a combination of qualities it takes to enable a man to pass judgment autocratically upon a new work. Let him first test himself before he ventures to declare this good and that bad.”’ The British Museum has obtained the copy of Beaumont and Fletcher’s plays which was owned by Charles Lamb. The book was print- ed in 1679. Itis the copy which was used by Lamb in making his selections for the “ Speci- mens of Early English Dramatic Poets,’ with markings of the extracts and manuscript cor- rections in his handwriting. The volume is also enriched with manuscript notes by Cole- ridge, to whom it was lent by Lamb, who alludes to the fact in his essay on ‘“‘The Two Races of Men.”” Lamb said: “Reader, if, hap- ly, thou art blessed with a moderate collection, be shy of showing it ; or, if thy heart overflow- eth to lend them, lend thy books. But let it be to such a one as 8. T.C. He will retarn them : THE INDEPENDENT: ait (nn SE A A A (generally anticipating the time appointed) with usury, enriched with annotations tripling their value. I have had experience.” The Bowdoin class of 1825, which Mr. Long- fellow celebrated last year in his ‘ Morituri Salutamus,”’ has just lost one of its best mem- bers, in the Hon. Samuel P. Benson, of Win- throp,Me. ‘Mr. Benson,’? remarks The Con- gregationalist, “was one of the most highly- honored and justly-influential citizens of his state, and had brought to various positions of public usefulness the exercise of the many private virtues which adorned his character as aman. <A warm friendship existed between him and Rev. Dr. J. 8. C. Abbott, a member of this same class, who now, in Fair Haven, Conn., is waiting to depart. For some few weeks previous to Mr. Benson’s death it was a matter of doubt between the two in correspond. ence which would go first. ‘If it be I,’ said Mr. Abbott, in one of his last letters to Mr. Benson, ‘you will find me waiting for you at the gate!’” Browning gets his dues from The Saturday Review, which commences its castigation of “Pachiarotto” as follows: ‘Mr. Browning’s unparalleled and increasing rapidity of produc- tion is, as might be expected, attended by an additional redundance of the peculiarities which appear admirable only to himself. The prevent volume abounds in proofs of the sensitiveness with which he repels the imputation of that ob- scurity and harshness which might seem to be natural results of excessive volubility. If the immunity from criticism which Mr. Browning claims were conceded in personal deference to his genius, it would still be a legitimate cause for regret that he should of late seldom have taken time to embody in intelligible forms the conclusions of a subtle and imaginative intel- lect. In the present volume he challenges all who presume to form and express an independ- ent judgment of his poems in language so un- provoked, so unreasonable, and so coarse that it would be almost an act of cowardice not to answer his defiance.” The Christian Register warmly praises Rev. Washington Gladden’s “‘ Working People and their Employers,” saying: ‘This is a most valuable and timely book, good in doctrine, in logic, in sentiment, and in style; a book for rich men and for poor men, with no cant, or extravagance, or denunclation, or whining over misfortunes. It is manly throughout in ite tone. Every one of the nine lectures, or sermons, as we might call them, is full of wise counse] andthe argument is close. Perhaps the need of constant work is too strongly stated; but sports are commended and the writer evidently is not ascetic in his Puritan tastes. If the workingmen heed the advices of this book, they will escape the errors and calamities into which the specious pleading of their demagogues will beguile them. In the appendix, as wellas in the text, the absurd- ities of Communism are frankly exposed. We have never read a better book of its kind than this of Mr. Gladden.” Max Miller thinks that ‘what the present generation can and ought to learn, the young as well as the old, is spirit and perseverance to dis- cover the beautiful, pleasure and joy in making it known and resiging ourselves with grateful hearts to its enjoyment. In a word, love, in the old, true, eternal meaning of the word. Only sweep away the dust of self-conceit, the cobwebs of selfishness, the mud of envy, and the old German type of humanity will soon ap- pear, as it was when it could still ‘embrace millions.’ The old love of mankind, the true fountain of all humanity, is still there. It can never be quite choked up inthe German people. He who can descend into this fountain of youth, who can again recover himself, who can again be that which he was by nature, loves the beautiful wherever he finds it. He says, with Schiller, ‘for all that, life is beautiful.’ He understands enjoyment and enthusiasm—if not by the ‘thundering ocean,’ yet in the few quiet hours which he can win for himself in the noisy, deafening hurry of the times in which we live.” Of all papers in the world, The American So- cialist likes ‘“‘ Helen’s Babies,’? and makes the book the text for a little sermon: “ And se, for all the merriment ‘ Helen’s Babies’ afforded us, they made us seriously reflect upon the ordi- nary course of training which children receive. We feel quite sure that Budge and Toddle would be more loveable, more of acomfort to them- selves and others, if cared for a large part of the time™y wise, disinterested friends. We have seen enough of the weariness and exhaus- tion to parents, the willfulness and disobedi- ence begotten in children, to believe that the ordinary home does not furnish the best condi- tions for childish development. One of the greatest blessings we expect to see reaped from the enlarged and perfected home will be the increased resources for caring for and educat- ing children. In an atmosphere of kindness and discretion, rather than of partiality and idola-

try, we believe that the ‘crafty,’ the ‘impish,’

and ‘repulsive’ would be expelled from the hearts of ‘Helen's Babies,’ leaving only the ‘innocent,’ the ‘angelic,’ and ‘ witching.’ ”’ Prof. E. L. Youmans thus praises Prof. Hux- ley’s style of lecturing: ‘‘ Professor Huxley’s manner as a speaker is very quiet, and by those who like the vehement and demonstrative style it would be considered tame ; but his discourse is clear, finished, deliberate, and strong. Nor is it necessary that he should have a learned auditory to appreciate and enjoy his addresses. His command of his subject, of language, and illustration is so complete that he adapts him- self with rare facility to the mental condition of his hearers. One of the most successful efforts we ever witnessed upon the platform was a lecture on physical geography, given by Professor Huxley to the workingmen of Lon- don, who filled to its last corner the large lec- ture-room of the Jermyn-Street School of Mines. We had heard him before, on ethnolo- gy, at one of the ‘Friday evenings’ of the Royal Institution, before the élite of scientific London. It was an admirable discourse, and was listened to with the keenest attention and a lively pleasure, though how much of its suc- cess might be due to the cultivated character of the assemblage it was not then easy to say. But his Jermyn-Street audience consisted of unlettered, hard-handed workingmen ; and yet there was not one among them who did not follow the speaker understandingly and with evidently as great enjoyment as the most cul- tured listeners.”

BOOKS OF THE WEEE. The 5 ye Century of the Re ee. Ms pp. 506. New York: Harper & Brothers..... ... $5 00 Historical Studies. By Eugene ames 8vo, The same........... 3 vem. Junior. By Mrs. Oliphant. (Harper's Library of Select Novels.) 8vo, paper, PP. 14). The same Life and Public Services of Gov. Rutherford B. Hayes. By Russell H. Conset. a 12mo, pp. 328. Boston: B. B. Russell. . 18 The Silk Industry of America. ag 1, F- Brock- ett, M.D. Illustrated. 8vo, pp. A Hond-Book of Politics for 1876. a Edward McPherson, LL.D. 8vo, pp. 263. Washing- toa: Solomons & Chapman............+ 25 History of the Norman Con mest of England. y Edward A Freeman, (Revised American Edition.) Voi. vo ‘0, pp. xxxi, 604. New York: Macmillan & C The Child Samuel. By Edward Meyrick Goul- burn. 16mo, pp. xxxv, 264. New York: =— Young & Co Prehistoric Man. Resea rehes, into the origin of civilization in the Old_and the New World. By Daniel per ne LL. D_ Illustrated. (Third edition, revised.) 2 vols. 8vo, pp. xv, 399; xi, 401. The same. 1 The Declaration of Independence. A poem. By son H. Martin. Cr. 8vo. pp.7l. Atlanta, Ga. Published by the Author... ........66. Elements of Latin Grammar. By_ Gustavus Fischer, LL. D: 12mo, pp. 236. “New York: J. W.Schermerhorn & Co The Mask of Comus. By John Milton. Edited, with notes, by Homer = i seats Ph, D. 8vo, paper, pp. 36. The An Illustrated Descriptive groaneees of School Material. one on, revised.) 8vo, paper, pp. 224. Thes A - i Provision eee Minor Lyrics. By V. 16mo, pp. 206. New York: Haus- cane ‘& Co icckachiconcancdsbbess Gecateekers- <knns The Three Brides. By ae M. Yonge. Limo, pp. viii, 554. New York: D. Appleton

The Universal Meisig System, B By Alfred Colin, pp. 49. The same...........-..00 The Five Senses of Man. By ane Bernstein. as te (The International Scientific ries.) 12mo, pp. xvii, 304. loess “9 Europe. By Edward A. Free D. © With —. (History Primers.) 18mo, ba 130. The sam A go meee Years of Methoaion, By —— Sim D.D. 12mo, pp. 38. New Yo Nelson & ESIUDS hiss cetess ciossesceseesss’ ste 1% The coe tm of Bible History and How to Remember it. By Rev. C. manger, A.M, PUNO; MIOE, DIN O8. ossaceccdeweces2eccsessssesioe 0 40 Zerub Throop’ moans. bf Mrs. A.D.F. Whitney. (Loring’s Tales 0 iy 2 bony ) Ba. 16mo, paper, pp. 146. Boston: Loring....... 0 50 The Seats of Government. By J sosoph ‘Aigen, D.D. (New may gr 12mo, New York: Sheldon & Co... .:. cecceteesseceesece 150 Going to the Bad. By hana Yates. (Gu 8 Select Novels.) S¥0, paper, pp. 139. Boston: William F. Gill & C "NEW PUBLICATIONS. FOR ANY BOOK DESIRED or information respecting prices and editions address LOCK WOOD, BROOKS & CO., Boston, Mass., who will promptly re- Pp ve Books careeany 2 forwarded postpaid, on receipt advertised price. Send for Catalogue < of our own publications. A. S. BARNES & COMPANY, EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHERS, invite attention to their NEW DESCRIPTIVE CATALOCUE. Free to Teachers. Others, 10 cents. NATIONAL TEACHERS’ MONTHLY Contents of September Namber.—The Century Plant (J. M.); Poovin ce of the State as an Educator; Details in School Work; The Country School Prob- lem ; Theory of the Gulf Stream; Teachers’ Exam- ination Questions ; Tenure of Office; New York City School Report; Notes and Comments; Story Corner, etc.,etc. Sample free. $1 per annum. §11l_ and 113 William st., N. Y.° Publishers’ Address { 711 cna tis state st. Ghieago

Ratailed hal 1 FAMILY BIBLES price. Sent c.o.d . sub- ect to examination before payment. . People’s Publishing Co. 24 Park Place, N.Y.

Inited PStates or beni. on pty of rin HARPER’S MAGAZINE, HARPER’S EEKLY, and HARPER’S BAZAR, to one address, for one year, wee or any twe for $7. Postage prepaid Thy 8 CATALOGUE will be sent by mailon receipt 0; ents. HARPER & B THERS. Franklin Square, N. Y, [September 7, 1876, The Freshest, Best Graded, and Cheapest School Books. SWINTON'S GEOGRAPHIES, IN TWO BOOKS. “An imm yn e in the rational treatment of chs steady of Ge ography.”—Hon. WARREN JOHNSON, ite Sup’t Common Schools, Maine. ELEMENTARY, 138 pages.......... Price $1 20. COMPLBETE, 141 pages..............+ Price 2 00. These Text-books, though not issued till late last fall, have already BEEN ADOPTED IN MORE THAN FOUR HUNDRED CITIES AND pn Fah IN ALL PARTS OF THE COUNTRY, AND HAVE, with marked prefer- ence, been made the basis of professional train- ing in the leading Normal Schools OF THF UNITED STATES. t2”" These Geographies have just been adopted for exclusive use in the Public Schools of ashington and District of Columbia, defeat- fog, art competitors by a vote of 15 to 4 in a 1 Board of 19 members. For full particulars about the series send for Der- seriptive Otrcular. *,* A copy of the ‘*‘ ELEMENTARY GEOGRAPHY will be matieg e peetene paid. on on receipt of 6O cents, and oft the “OC GRAPHY,” on receipt of $1. Uacsived for Goatees with a view to intro- ROBINSON’S Shorter Course in Mathematics. By D. W. FISH, A. M. The whole subject of Arithmetic and Algebra prac- tically treated in THREE beautiful books. * ROBINSON’S pn elo peng (Shurter Course), by D. W. Fish, — adopted one year ago (June, — and sine ¢ then have been used exclusively as text-books on the subject of Arithmetic in the schools of Easton. * The results attending the use of this Series are qrati- fying a fully verify the wisdom of 4 Board in intro- t into_our ee." ’—W. W. COTTINGHAM, fur’ t bdeoots Easton, P: The books of this Series are all substantially bound in CLOTH. In typography, illustrations, paper, and binding sre models of taste and excellence, FIRST BOOK IN ARITHMETIC, 168 page's.Price Ste. COMPLETE ARITHMETIC, 508 pages _—_. Price #1 40 COMPLETE ALGEBRA. By Prof. Jos. FICKLIN, Ph D, 462 pages......... ..... Price 200 ARITHMETICAL PROBLEMS, 284 pages..Price 1 00 ALGEBRAIC PROBLEMS, 192 pages....,.. Price 125 THE COMPLET® ARITHMETIC is also published in Two VOLUMES, Part I and Part Il. Price 80 cents each. *,* We will send sample copies of THE FIRST BOOK and of TRE COMPLETE ARITHMETIC Jor exramina- tion, with a view to their introduction, on receipt of $1

for the two books; PART I and PART Il for 50 cents each; THE ALGERRA for $1.50; and THE PROBLEMS for $1 each. WHITE'S ART STUDIES. By GEO. G. WHITE, Professional Artist. A thoroughly practical system of Drawing for Schools and Private Learners, by an eminent artist. “MR. WHITE has shown an ability hardly less than genius — & i —_——, of his Art Studies.’—ATLAN- Tic Mo LY. Ww hite’s 's Procressive Art Studies are issued in the form of Cards, neatly encased in envelopes con- taining + twelve each, with an tie maar tod Manual of ie Ins ~~ and duplicate sheets of blank Draw- ng Pape NOW READY. I. Elementary Series, A, B, C, D, each ...0 cents, II. Ornamental Series, a ‘B.C, eee ie. Ill. Landscape Series, A, B, C, eco [V. Instrumental Series, A} mine, “ «ao | *,* We shall be pleased to send samples of the Art Stidies for examination, witha view to introduction, on receipt of 30 cente each. Send for full Descriptive Circulars, containing many testimonials from eminent teachers. *,* THE EDUCATIONAL REPORTER for co tember, containing full particulars of our New Books and much valuable educational information of 4 miscellaneous character, will be sent to teachers and educationists on application. Ivison, Blakeman, Taylor & Co., EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHERS, 138 and 140 Grand St., New York; 133 and 135 State St., Chicago. JUST PUBLISHED: HUMAN SCIENCE AND DIVINE REVELATION. On Human Science, Good and Evil, and its Works; and on a3" Revelation and its Works and By Dr. J.J.GARTH WILKINSON, &vo0.

extra. *,* For sale by all Booksellers. J. Be LIPPINCOTT & CO., Publishers, 715 and 717 Market St., Philadelphia. FOR YOUNGEST READERS. “SUNSHINE FOR BABYLAND.” More than 100 large pictures and a8 poe jarge- print stories. It is alo -y Price $1.2 Boston: D. LOT P & CO., ‘Publishers. BR. CARTER & BROS., BOOKS, NEW YORK. SEPTEMBER 6th. The YounG FoLKs’ News for September 6th will contain the first number of a new Serial by the Ed- itor. Those who have been charmed by tue “ Experi- ences of Little Jo,” recently contributed by the same pen to the golumns of that paper, will woleome =

w story from this 8 rightly writer. ec like those fr “ Littl todos" Aad real, and the incidents. for the most It will be lively, entertain- part, tru tra ioe. fat certo nie Eee ene al ove to naaias n, an nteres readers. It will be entitled * aoe er RBIOHTON : OR, THE TaLiey FARM.’ The Li FoLKs’ NEWS is published weekly, year. -4 will be sent on trial for se mont! s for 2 cents Specimen Copies: 8 cents. ALFRED MARTIEN, Publisher, 21 8. SEVENTH STREET. PHILAD

we? eg A weekly Mlustrated Journal of Sci- $22.08 ay Me ILLAN & CO., Publishers r Pisce. New York. aE aS

& By ‘sation applieas s et ag Broadway, ie ame

t in the World. Cheapest Books ore. n ‘ n 4 free. Sendstan 3 Beekman #t., New. York City

les sa = hlUre

Page 13

CS, Tac. rae), 1875), 00ks lal

Sopsenies 7, Load THE INDEPENDENT! 13

HAVE YOU SEEN IT ? Your scholars will like The Scholars Quar- terly. It is a decided improvement on both Lesson Leaves and Question Books. It gives a new book for the scholar every three months, containing a Map, Bible Dictionary, Review Exercise, ‘ete, Nearly all who sent for specimen copies have ordered a full supply for their schools or classes. Commendations of it have been received from every State in the Union. Its low price Twenty-five cents a year, or Seven cents a quarter, puts it within the reach of all. Give it a trial before making a selection of lesson helps for next year. Published by John Wanamaker, at the Office of The Sunday School Times, 610 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. Address, Joan D, Warrirs, Business Manager.

MITCHELL’S NEW OUTLINE MAPS. Two Series, $10 and $20. Mapsinaset. A Key, gratis, with each set. LATEST, BEST, CHEAPEST. J.H. BUTLER & CO., Philadelphia, Pa. IVISON, BLAKEMAN, TAYLOR & CO., 138 and 140 Grand Street, New York, Educa- tional Publishers and Proprietors of the Spencer- ian Steel Pens. Send for catalogues and circulars. D. APPLETON & CO., siete my AND BOOKSELLERS, d 651 Broadway, N. Y. Circulars seme to any address on application. “How to be a Christian.” By Rev. W. Gladden. Prepaid, 75c. M.H.SARGENT, Treasurer, Boston. The _Youth’s Companion. free. PERRY MASON & CO., Boston, Mass. STANDARD and POPULAR BOOKS. for J. R. OSGOOD se CO.’S Catalogue, Boston. HENRY HOLT & CO. Publishers, New York. : DR RB. JOHNSON'S + $30 BEACTH-LIPT. Com- mended by LL.D M.Ds., College Presidents and Profs., School ‘brinetpale Authors, ankers, and Brain-Workers generally. Full Circular for Stamp. J.W.Schermerhorn & Co., M’f’rs, 14 Bond &t., N. PARAL Y Sts. By GEO. H. TAYLOR, M.D. - cents. Show Paralytic, RB and other helpless invalids how they may be restored by home treatment. WooD & CO., 17 East 58th street. New York. ~-* MUSIC PUBLICATIONS.

Specimen copies sent

Send

i STATIONERY, PICTURES ETC. HARRISON. BRADFORD & CO. STEEL PENS.

'ALCON.—Nos. 505, 20, 28. erae styleand finish. 75, 1, ete. embracing "254 ‘BROADWAY, New York. VISITING CARDS! Finely Printed Bristol Visiting Cards sent post- paid for 25 cts. 9 elegant samples, includin oe e,

make a m ou do not procure our samples before poe ram eisow ere. } have over 1060 styles. Agents wanted. missio ons. FULLER at Co., 9 Main St., Brockton, Mass.

CAMPAIGN tcc se of TILDEN and He YES, 22x28 inch le copy, by mai eente. } Large scounts to Agents. J. H. BUF FORD'S SONS. Boston, 25 Extra Fine Mixed Cards, with name, 10 cts., postpaid. L JONES & CO., Nassau, N. Y. CAMPAIGN fees. 19x24, 4. CARICATURES, &<. &c.the Gireular free. WM. M. DON AEDSON. aan Publisher Clactosen, Pon na Lanterns and Stereopticons. ey, + Ana te & Po 91 BROAD- ott posite Metropolitan. ae and pes and Views, Graphosco Me- ethoscopes, ‘Albums and Photographs “of PEslepr es, Photo-Lantern Slides a specialty. Manufactur- ers of Enotograpaic gga Awarded First Pre- mium at Vienna Exposit: EDUCATION. Ae go? INSTITUTE, gor youen le- la- dies, Pittsfield, Mass.,35 years old xcellen ot its present pe me ad never surpassed. Beauty ty of its grounds and b 8 never equaled. Address REV. C. V. SPEAR, whe B Principal, for Circulars.

TEACHERS AND TAUGHT PRONOUNCE THE ‘Vineyard of Song,” the best Music Book yet issued for practice and instruction in the art of Singing. The “VINEYARD OF SONG” has. been recently revised, so as to embody twenty-seven pages of new and valua- ble material. The “VINEYARD OF SONG ” is a sterling work for Singing Classes, Conventions, Academies, and Day Schools. PRICE 75 CENTS; $7.50 PER DOZ. COPIES. 3 Sent by Mailon receipt of 75 cents. BIGLOW & MAIN, Publishers, 76 East Ninth Street, New York; 91 Washington Street, Chicago. HAYES AND WHEELER CAMPAIGN SONG BOOK. Full of rousing Political Songs, adapted to stirring popular melodies. The hits at the opposition bring down the house. Is beimg used everywhere. Price 10 cents, mailed. To Clubs $7 per 100. Wm.A. POND & CO,, 547 Broadway, N.Y

N LLE. alm STAN’S peeneere AND DAY OOL a roe NG LADIES NO. 1 SEAST fist CORNER stu hve. é will reopen WEDN ESD A . Sept. 27th A thorough English course, superior advantages for the forts of a of modern languages, with all the comforts of a acai home, are some of the advantages off Musica) yan soll under the direction f Profs. . B. LS and B. LAURENT. Mrs. MARY J.R. UBL, late of Washington, D.C., will be conmcall with the School. Pennsylvania Military Academy. Chester, Pa. (for Boarders only). Opens Sept. 13th. .~ elevated and health-

g Enginee lish. Suneiee oversight of he o morals dets. For Circuiars apply L. THEO. HYATT. President. IRON CITY COLLEGE, Pittsburgh, Penn. The most complete —— colege in the nited States, Address, for Circular J.C "SMITH, A. M., Principal. MRS. PARK’S SEMINARY New Brunswick, N. J., will reopen Sept. 20th. Young Ladies wili be Teceived in the family. and manners of co

Twelve

SEWAR INSTITUTE FOR YOUNG LA DIEs, te a. Co., N_ Y., will com- mence its thirtieth t. 18th. For circulars ap- ply to Mrs. GEORG wa ARD, Principal SUPPLEE IN 1713 Spruce street, pot oy to famil LER. A. Me, Mrs. Dips SUPPL BK, A. M., er eC SUPPLEE, Principals.” CARLYLE Lt pan na AOADEMY of Music, Elocution Moderate terms, begins Sept.

Tith. Fall ane adva vantages. Fall “Term onal inte’ reonal inter- view. et ay 279 or ret Columbus "Ave. Boston. w oS js ALOE 4 LA AOAD LB Cre py a Culture, and Harmon Students fitted for Seana. Circulars sent on application. * RY ; Ly LL. NM, N Yo MELATARY ACJ ACADEMY. ing ae gymnasium ; ground6é acres; sr guddnoe year y School for Boardane Aldon fitayersohool yepr a arose

TEMPLE GROVE — SARATOGA SPRINGS o Y. . with seen aa ooms furnished with —y er nut furniture. nses less than in many schools with indiffer advantages. Catalogues sent at request. Year ns September 12th. CHARLES F. DOWD, A. M.., Principal. PACKER COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE, BROOKLYN HEIG4aTS. The thirty-first year of this institution will com- mence Sept. 13th, 1876. New scholars should be pres- ent the day previous, that they may be classified before school opens. Ample accommodations for pupils from abroad will be found in the adjacent Iding, where they will — the constant atten- tion of experienced teachers. For Circulars address A. CRITTENDEN, Ph.D., Brooklyn, N.Y. Senne INSTITUTE pon BOYS, Florida, 1. rt $s well-known institu-

the Continental Hotel, cmp Twentieth Street and Broadway. T. G. SCHRIVER, A.M. WANTED.—YOUNG MEN oe LADIES, to learn Telegraphy and earn $45 to $9 per month. Extra inducements. The largest, best, and ey reliable = inthe U.S. Send stamp for ‘Cata talogue. Address ‘Telegraph College, Buffalo, N. Y. MISS SNNA C, BRACKETT and MI88 ID M. ELIOT, No.9 West 39th St., New York City, DA reopen their Home and Day School for Girls on October 3d, 1876. RS. J. T, BENEDICT’S BOARDING AND pay SCHOOL, for y 7 East 42d st., oe ll reopen Sept. 28th

ous. Full particulars, wit nop NANDAIGUA | ACADEMY. panandsige A firs rding and Day School aig, 9 ¥ oung Mon ae best ropes for ereaths and

complete fastraction, with allt mforts of a well- regulated Christian home. Op ons 2 t. 7th. Send for circular. N. T. CLARKH, Principal.

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Page 14

14 - THE INDEPENDENT. [September 7, 1876. sceisasioeieiiaemiaiaiiems ea The Independent.” AT THE DOORS. BY CHARLES H. THOMPSON, D, D. 1 knocked at the gilded door of Wealth; Through the window was given a farthing by stealth, I sought Love’s beautiful close-shut door; But many as eager had reached it before, The gate of Honor I tried in vain; ** Only the knighted can entrance gain.” I sought the lowly roof of Toil, Only from pains and groans to recoil. The house of Friendship then I tried.’ There were none to show it, far and wide. A little house I remembered then. At last thereto I shall entrance gain. It has already full many a guest; But for many more in the Grave is rest. Ra, DR. BLAUVELT’S ARRAIGNMENT. WE reprint from Scribner’s Monthly Dr. Blauvelt’s arraignment of the Christian teaching of the country for repressing in- telligent and reverent free thought on ques- tions of religious faith. We give some comments on our editorial page, to which we refer our readers, although we have not space there to say all that the subject in- vites: ‘* Now we have it here first of all frank- ly confessed so resolute is the determin- ation of the Protestant potentates and powers par excellence not to permit the more advanced Christian thinkers of the present epoch to have a calm and candid hearing, that, in order to shut them off, these potentates and powers do not scruple to put the estoppel even upon those less-ad- vanced malcontents who undeniably have questions to raise which even the most con- servative theologians recognize to be not only perfectly legitimate, but entitled to be considered and judged on their own merits. And, looked at from their own standpoint, the conservative theologians are actuated by the most praiseworthy motives in all this. Better, they reason, not even permit the most legitimate proposals for the refor- mation of the traditional Confessions of Faith to be discussed among the churches than to let the discussion get started, and so pass over into the hands of the revolu- tionists, and thereby endanger even ‘the great characteristic features of the faith of the churches.’ ** Since, then, the more moderate malcon- tents among the Christian ministry and laity are interdicted by the conservative theologians from a hearing with their fel- low-Christians, only because of the ex- istence of the more radical and revolution- ary, this matter might as well be at once taken by the horns fairly and squarely. “It scarcely needs to be suggested, how- ever, that, as between Christians, there can be neither any desire nor any design to inaugurate any movements tending to en- danger the great characteristic features of Christianity. And it is simple justice to that class of Christians who stand ready to propose the most revolutionary revisions of the various Evangelical Confessions of Faith to say that they do not thereby intend any revolutionary revision of Chris- tianity itself, but only such a revolutionary revision of those Confessions of Faith as shall bring them into, at least, some general harmony with our present state of Chris- tian thought and light and culture. “Nor can it be questioned that the neg- lect to do this in time has already, as a foremost and fundamental cause, histor- ically cost the Christian churches most bit- terly in Germany. For example, almost indignantly remarks Prof. Christlieb: ‘What was it that in the last century. pre- pared the way among ourselves for the prevalence of rationalism? Atsucha time, when a cold orthodoxy was almost every- where being substituted for living faith, when slavish adherence to the @hurch’s standards was put in the place of that free inquiry into the sense of Scriptufe which the first reformers had pursued, and a fresh bondage of the letter was introduced, it became a simple necessity for energetic generations.’ ‘mind—when he criticised on this ve open breach With traditional Protestantism.’ ‘It must then be confessed that the Church theology of the last century deserves the chief blame for the general apostasy which then began from the ancient faith.’ ‘Her dogmatic errors supply these enemies with their most formidable weapons’ of offense against her.’ And what has already his- torically happened in Germany is at this very moment on the verge of happening in all other Christian countries. Thus says Prebendary Row, of England: ‘ Popular ideas of Christian theology create a num- ber of real oxdvdada in the minds of un- behevers. An attempt to remove them is almost sure to be cried out against by the ignorant as a weakening of the foundation of Christianity itself. The result is an im- perfect defense of these great subjects, shirking, rather than going to the bottom of the question. I verily believe that the preju- dices of Christians are doing quite as much damage as the direst assaults of unbe- lievers. They leave thé house empty, swept, and garnished, all ready for their entrance, It terribly ties our hands.’ ‘‘Some revision of the various Evangel- iical Confessions,of Faith must, therefore, inevitably be made, in order to bring them into some general accordance with an altered state of knowledge and the like.” The chief matter in which Dr. Blauvelt believes that the old accepted standards of Christian faith need reconstruction is in re- lation to their dependence on the Old Testa- ment as a still binding authority in faith and morals. He sharply contrasts the Mo- saic or Jehovistic teachings with those of Christ. The Sunday-school Times replies as follows: “In illustration of Dr. Blauvelt’s mis- statements of Old Testament teachings, it may be mentioned that he insists that ‘between the God of the ancient Jewish theocracy and the God of the new theocracy established by Jesus there exists in general the broadest and most fundamental diversi- ty’; that when Jesus, in his Sermon on the Mount, presented God as ‘a benign Father, who ‘maketh his sun to rise on the evil and the good and sendeth rain on the just and the unjust,’’ he exhibited ‘a new and radi- cally subversive conception of that deity to whom the old commandment [by Moses] is to be applied’; and that in his other teach- ings Jesus, dealing with the Decalogue, ‘radically changed the nature of the com- mandment’ in more instances than one. He affirms, moreover, that under the old dispensation no man was by the Jews ‘re- garded as a neighbor who was not a Jew’; neither was any ‘regarded as a neighbor who, though a Jew, was yet an enemy.’ Hence ‘for Jesus to say ‘Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself’ is so unlike the same thing when uttered in the law and the prophets that the saying in the lips of Jesus becomes another and a new command- ment.’ A great deal more is affirmed in the same direction; but here is enough for illustration. Dr. Blauvelt, doubtless, thinks that these declaratious have a basis of fact; but therein he shows his unfamiliarity with the Old Testament teachings, :‘The Jehovah of the Jews was not an unfeeling or a partial God, limiting his mercies to a single people. The Old Testa- ment represents him as a loving Father, ‘gracious and full of. compassion, slow to anger, and of great mercy,’ as a Lord ‘ good to all,’ and whose ‘terider mercies are over all his works.’ David and Isaiah address him as ‘our Father’; and the former de- clares, in tones the sweetness of which no New Testament strain can surpass: ‘ Like as a father pitieth his children, so the Lord pitieth them that fear him.’ ‘When my father and my mother torsake me, then the Lord will take me up.’ God’s covenant, that ‘while the earth remaineth seed-time and harvest, and told and heat, and summer and winter, and day and’ ‘Hight shall not cease,’ was not with a-single family or nation alone, but with ‘every living crea- ture of all flesh,’ and this ‘for perpetual The truth concerning this covenant Jesus knew full well when he pointed to the evidence it furnished of God’s goodness to the evil and the good, to the just and the unjust, within the sphere it covers, Whata pity that Dr. Blauvelt had ‘forgotten it—if, indeed, he ever had it in oint the Old Testament in its contrast with the minds, like that of Lessing, to come to an “New.” MOZART’S BIRTHPLACE. THERE is no German composer that has a warmer place in the inmost hearts of the musical world than has Mozart. His life was aromance from beginning to end, his works are romances, and the young death was a fitting end to a romantic a career. From a letter in the London Daily Telegraph we have clipped the following admirable description, because we know that all that in any way touched the life of the great composer will be of interest to our readers: ®««« Mozart's Geburtshaus’—the inscription stares you in the face as you pass through the old archway near the bridge and ad- vance toward a line of five-storied houses forming one side of a narrow street, known as Getreide Gasse. In 1756 the Mozarts— Mozart pére being, as everybody knows, kappellmeister to the prince-archbishop— tenanted the third floor of this residence. It is a large dwelling, and at present con- tains more than one family, unless, indeed, the grocer, to whose trade the ground floor is devoted, makes abundant profit and has a big establishment. Whether the kapell- meister rented any other part than the story over the front windows of which a gilded lyre now shines may be doubted. His fam- ily was small, his salary not great, and his disposition inclined rather to the accumula- tion of money than to spending it for any purpose that was not strictly essen- tial We may assume, therefore, that the Mozarts lived exclusively on the third floor, and that in one of the rooms facing the street took place, 120 years ago, the event which gave to the world of music its most perfect artist and to the lovers of beauty an unfailing source of pleasure. A lowly place wag that wherein the wonder- child first saw the light; but there is a dignity about it now such as cannot be associated even with palaces—a dignity so easy of reflection that some of it shines in the face of the grocer and attracts to him our regards. Surely, all the musical inhab- itants of Salzburg buy their tea and coffee at ‘Mozart’s Geburtshaus’! Property, we often hear, has its duties. But it has also its rights, and one of them is the right of quiet enjoyment. I have not, therefore, ventured to intrude upon the inhabitants of the third floor. Wishing them joy of so distinguished a residence, it would hardly be consistent to help in worrying them out of it. For the same reason do I respect the threshold of the one-story dwelling in Han- nibal Platz, on the front of which is writ large ‘Mozart’s Wohnthaus.’ The elder Mozart must have prospered at Salzburg be- fore he could have ventured to move from the Getreide Gasse to that which is, by com- parison, a mansion, It appears that he tenanted no more than a wing; but the building covers a great extent of ground, there being on the upper floor no fewer than eleven windows. Entrance is gained to the place through an archway, and the entire edifice has an antique, substantial, and highly respectable appearance. That it is well cared for aglance suffices to show. Flowers bloom in the windows, the house front is bright and clean, and a fine old- fashioned air of repose is given to it by the quaint and quiet Platz in which it stands. Here, then, is the home of the great com- poser, the spot to which, amid many wan- derings, his affectionate nature turned with constant delight. It was to this house the letters came which are now read by the world—letters full of dutiful affection to an exacting father, charged with a million kisses to the mother, or bright with sportive messages to the sister. Wecan fancy with what joy those epistles were received, for we know how carefully they were preserved, and one likes to imagine even the pedantic kapellmeister, who meets the postman in going to mass, retracing his steps, at the risk of being late for the ‘ Kyrie,’ that he might share Wolfgang’s news with his family. Beyond this bourgeois residence in the Hannibal Platz and the modest lodg- ing in Vienna Mozart never rose, so that there is a mighty step from his condition | during life to that represented here by the Mozart Platz andthe kingly statue which lifts its proud head inthe center, The key tothis change is, of course, in everybody’s hands, and was impressively suggested to me last Sunday morning, when passing the open doors of the ornate Italian ehurch which does duty as a cathedral. Sounds of solemn music floated out into the open, and a little crowd of idlers, reveling in the shade of the building, listened and looked as, at the far end of the interior, clouds of incense obscured the lighted altar and half hid the resplendent forms of the the priests. The spectacle is common enough to travelers in Catholic lands; but here it had, at least, one feature of rare sig- nificance, for the beautiful music that filled the vast church came from the genius of Mozart. Deeply as the congregation may have felt the influence of the moment, they could hardly estimate the effect upon a stranger who, familiar with the Mass in B flat from childhood, listened to its ‘Sanctus’ in the building for which the master wrote and surrounded by memo- rials of his career. Under no other cir- cumstances could the music have had such power or have been more fully able to account for the transition from poverty and neglect to the homage of a world.” IR THE PRESS IN ANTIPODE. THE National Baptist does well in giving up every week the first column of its first page toa letter from the ‘‘ Rev. L. Philetus Dobbs, D.D.,’’ as he now writes his name. We think it used to be ‘‘ Rev. Levi Philetus Dobbs, D.D.” Dr. Dobb’s name does not appear on the records of the Baptist denom- ination; but these statistics are so badly arranged that it would be difficult to find any name there, Yet it is remarkable that nobody seems to know in what state his flourishing parish is situated. Indeed, when, not long ago, a visitor at the office of The National Baptist asked the editor where he should call for Dr. Dobbs, he was informed that, under our free constitution, he might call for him anywhere and as loud as he pleased. The following is the concluding part of a lecture by the learned Doctor, in which he describes a visit to an editor in ‘« Antipode ”: ‘Toward the close of my last interview with the Antipode editor, anxious to get all the light I could, I said to him: ‘Do you have much success in trying to please everybody?’ He replied: ‘Nary.’ Said I: ‘Do you always find that people know just what they want?’ He replied by taking from a pigeon-hole a package of letters from complaining readers, and he read pas- sages out of them. One wrote: ‘ We want more articles discussing the fundamental doctrines of Christianity and of the de- nomination.’ Another: ‘We want more short, practical religious articles.’ An- other: ‘ You ought to have a sermon every week.’ Another: ‘We want more stories for the children.’ Another: ‘You must have more news from the churches, ac- counts of revivals, etc. That is the life of the paper.’ Another: ‘We want more re- ligious selections.’ Another said: ‘There must be more about the temperance ques- tion.’ Another: ‘I cannot take the paper unless it exposes the iniquities of those anti-Christian secret societies.’ Another: ‘We must have this great anti-tobacco reform kept constantly before the people. Another: ‘We must have more for the farmer.’ Another: ‘You don’t publish enough recipes for the housekeeper.’ An- other: ‘There must be more from the Eastern section of the field.’ And another: “The Western section must have more space.’ Another: ‘The country pastors must not be so ignored. Why do we have no sermons from the country ministers?’ Another: ‘What we want is asermon every week by Spurgeon.; “«* Meanwhile,’ said the editor, ‘no one wishes any less of any department, except that all unite in regretting the space devo- ted to advertisements, though no one asks to have the price of the paper raised enough to get on without the advertise- ments, On one point all ‘were agreed. Each and several was of opinion that noth- ing would do the paper so much good as to publish Aes communication in full in the most prominent place. And no oneoffered any suggestion as to making the paper ten times its present size.’ «© Well,’ said I, ‘what do you do in the premises? ‘Do? said he. ‘Why, what can we do, but fall back on Aisop’s fable, improved and amended and enlarged for fiSept the prest said I. about th You rem while th cried: © making son rod people | riding, totters § both w what fe strong got on: ‘Oh! tl poor li took uj the pe do see Finally} boy, it Let us were ‘But ass? | ass be to pl body.

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yiSeptember 7, 1876.} THE INDEPENDENT

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the present time?’ ‘ What do you mean?” said I. ‘Why, you remember the fable about the old man and his son and the ass, You remember that first the old man rode, while the son walked. Then all the people cried: ‘See the lazy wretch riding, and making his poor little son walk.’ So the son rode and father walked. Then the people said: ‘See that undutiful whelp riding, while his gray-haired old father

totters along on foot.’ So they got off, and both walked. Then the people said: ‘Oh! what fools, to walk when they have a great strong ass to carry them.’ Then they both gotonand rode. And then the people said: ‘Oh! the cruel monsters, to overload that poor little ass.’ Then the father and son took up the ass and carried him. And then the people shouted louder than ever: ‘Oh! do see! Carrying the ass in their arms!’ Finally the old man said to his son: ‘ My boy, it is of no use to try to please them. Let us please ourselves.’ “©«QOh! yes,’ said I; ‘I remember that.’ ‘But do you know what became of the ass? he said. ‘No,’ said I. ‘ Well, the ass became the editor of a paper, and tried to please every one and to displease no- body.’” New ork and Vicinity, Last Sunday was opening day for most of our city churches. A fairer day never smiled on the earth. Though the churches were opened and there was an extraordinary amount of good preaching, there were but spurse con- gregations. Dr. Howard Crosby preached in the Fourth-avenue Presbyterian church. Dr. Potter preached in Grace Church. In the South Baptist church, in Twenty-fifth street, the pas- tor, the Rev. Dr. Osborn, preached a good old-fashioned sermon on predestination. T. De Witt Talmage had animmense audience and was studiously strange and quaint in his utter- ances. The Gospel Tent, at the entrance to Prospect Park, Brooklyn, held 1,000 persons. The Rev. Dr. Joseph T. Duryea preached. The Rey. Fred. Bell had a large audience in the Academy of Music. He said: ‘‘I have an an- nouncement to make. The running expenses of our church are $250 a week. Ourcollections average about $135 a week.”? An exhibit that shows the absurdity of Academy of Music serv- ices, when there are so many half-empty church- es. Inthe Madison-avenue Reformed Presby- terian church the Rev. Joseph Cook, of Bos- ton, preached, and those who were present speak with enthusiasm of his sermon. Dr. Dix preached at Trinity, to a large congrega- tion, made up to a considerable extent of strangers. Many went away from the Gospel Tent in the evening because there was not room forthem. The Rev. Dr. Tyng preached a pow- erful sermon on “The thirst of the human soul,”

. Several pieces of the great statue of Lib- erty to be erected on Bedloe’s Island have ar- rived in this country. After seeing them, we can form some idea of the immense size the statue is to be when completed. The pieces mentioned comprise the right hand and part of the arm. This hand is probably the largest artificial hand ever made. A single finger of it

is about as large as an ordinary man, and each finger-nail is about the size of a dinner-plate. The hand holds a torch, the extremity of which forms a platform on which ten men can stand. According to the scale on which this hand is made, the full hight of the statue when com- plete would be 120 feet. It is to stand ona pedestal 100 feet high, so that the total altitude from the ground to the summit, including the upstretched hand, will be 250 feet. There will be a staircase inside and threugh the arm out to the platform forming the extremity of the torch. The part of the arm already here carries its portion of the staircase with it, and is so huge that for transportation it had to be constructed in parts, which could be taken asunder and put together again. The cost of the statue proper is to be assumed by the the French. That of the pedestal is left to be defrayed by American contributors. The en- tire cost, it is estimated, will amount to about $120,000, of which one-half, or about $60,000, is already collected. .-The corner-stone of the Chapel of St. Augustine, Trinity Parish, was laid on Sunday. The procession started at 40’clock P. M., headed by the sextons of the parish, carrying the box to be deposited in the stone. Next came. the choirs of St. Augustine, Trinity, St. John’s, St. Chrysostom, and Trinity Chapel, clergy outside the parish, vestry of the parish, assist- ant clergy of the parish, and the Rev. Morgan Dix. After the services common to the Epis- copal churches on such occasions, Dr. Dix, assisted by ‘the Rey. Arthur ©. Kimber, de

posited within the stone a leaden box, contain- jog a Bible, a Prayer Book, and other things. The new chapel graces Houston Street, about one hundred yards east of the Bowery. It is to be built of two tints of brown stone. ....“On Washington street, New York City, in front of commission stores there may be seen every evening groups of ragged men, women, and children scrambling over the tops of refuse barrels, dragging out thrown-away melons, which they eat with gusto.” How come the melons there? Where are the police, that they don’t see to their removal, and that they allow the children to eat them? This will be a good place for cholera to start— a fact that the people of the neighborhood should bear in mind and give a hint of to the “men in blue” that loaf on their surround- ing corners. ....Up to this time about a quarter of a million baskets of peaches have reached the New Ycrk market. There has been an average of eighty car-loads a day since the opening of the season, each car bringing about five hun- dred baskets. The total number of peaches is estimated at 15,000,000, selling for $1,000,000. It isreported that the Western peach-growers contemplate sending a portion of their crop to the New York market next season, an addition which, if practicable, will make the supply overabundant. ..-The unveiling of the Seward statue, which was recently hoisted on its pedestal in Madison Park, has been postponed for a few weeks. It was intended that the unveiling should take place during the first week in September; but Mr. William M. Evarts, who is to deliver the oration on the occasion, has notified the committee that he will be unable to do so until after the 20th of the month. For this reason the affair will have to be deferred until between the 20th and the 25th of Sep- tember. -«.-The monument to Horace Greeley’s memory is nearly completed and will probably be ready for the unveiling ceremonies early in October. The design of the monument con- sists of a colossal bust in bronze, representing afigure ten feet high, resting on a granite pedestal ten feet high. The features are taken from Mr. Greeley’s pictures of ten years ago, representing him without the weary and worn expression of the last two or three years of his life. ....1t ought to be made a punishabie offense to throw orange-peel, banana, or peach-skins on to the sidewalk. Accidents occur daily from such culpable carelessness. It is the duty of the authorities to keep streets clear of dan- ger of any sort, and there is certainly danger in the falls that are constantly occurring from these slippery man-traps. . General Newton has received many appli- cations for passes to view the Hell Gate explo- sion, on the 15th of September. None will be granted; but there is a very good opportunity to witness the effect of the explosion from the vacant lots between Ninety-first and Ninety- seventh Streets. ..-Commissioner Campbell, in his quarterly report on the water supply, complains that the Croton is wasted in New York. We use 95 gal- lons per capita, against 68 gallons in Paris and 83in London. Yet both these cities are much cleaner than New York. ...-The Spanish pretender, Don Carlos, has made very little noise during his stay in New York, but has received many quiet attentions from Americans and Spanish anti-Alfonsists. He sailed last Saturday for England by the * Britannic,” ....-Dr. Austin Flint, Jr., is not only a good surgeon and a famous gourmet, but a distin- guished gymnast, as well. He put up a dumb- bell the other day that weighed 18044 lbs. It is the second largest lift ever made, the largest being 201 Ibs. . It is likely that we shall soon have the much-desired cab company. The matter is in excellent hands, and it only remains for the public to make it a very convenient reality. ..The names of some of our apartment houses have a very English sound. There are the Devonshire, Berkeley, Osbourne, Grosve- nor, Kensington, and Albany. .... The flagstone-step of old Federal Hall, on which George Washington stood when he was inaugurated President, in 1789, is preserved in the hall of Bellevue Hospital. ...eThe public schools began last Monday, the 198 school-houses having been cleaned and put in order, at an expense of $90,000. ....The Typographical Union had a pic-nic last Saturday. About 2,000 printers, with their families, took part in the festivities. ..In the last ten years about $260,000,000 have,been expended for buildings in this city,

....-The Roosevelt monument will be dedi- cated early in the fall. ....The new East River Park was formally opened last Friday. ....The public libraries opened their doors last Monday. ETS, EP SA SE FR SE RSENS ESSE TO TAILORS, pe yt ee ph bs to ers, Bricklayers, persons of seden' tary & persons who work in damp D places, and’ to all persons whomsoever it may concern, the nature of whose work is such that you have contracted a lame back, a weak back, an affection of the spine, shooting pains in the back and sides, mg kidney affections,

ruptures, sprains, bruises dp- soreness in any part of the body. you will f fin yourselves immedi- ately relhleved b using one of Benson’s ——— Por- ous Plasters. Benson’s Capcine Plaster is a come bination of the purest India rubber and other gum with Capcine—a powcrful external stimulant and the uickes in-reliever everinvented. It is superior © electricity and more cert.in. ty of Benson’s Capcine Plaster is 25 cents. tos ole b = druggists. SEABURY & J SiSrcaccacieal t Cc 4 Y.

For Feverand Ague and the genuine Shaking Ague we would recommend our readers Renne’s Pain-killing Magic Oil. Its faithful ase has cured some very severe cases. Itis a good remedy to pewe S in ee) houso for many of the ills that flesh is heir JOHN PHENLY, CURRAN & CO., Gen’l Agents.

“Tastele-s Medicines.—Of the many methods devised to overcome the nauseous taste of some medicines—such as Tar, Turpentine, Extract Male Fern, and even of Castor an Cod-Liver Oils—none have’ as yet equaled that of Capsules, they havin numerous advantages over all other forms. And 0: the Capsules that have fallen wager our chenrvetion those made by Dundas, Dick & Co., of this city, are the best. ba A are easily swallowed, even by chil- dren, being soft; contain genuine medicines; and may be relied on.”—Sanitarian, July, 1873.

A Fine Thing for the Teeth. FRAGRANT SOZODONT is a composition of the purest and choicest ingr-dients of the Oriental vege- table kingdom. Every ingredient is well known @ nave a beneficial effect on the teeth and gums. Its embalming or antiseptic property and aromatic fra- grance makes it a toilet luxury. SOZODONT re- moves all disagreeable odors from the breath, caused by catarrh, badteeth, etc. It is entirely free from the injurious and acrid properties of tooth-pastes and powders, which de:troy the enamel. One bottle will last six montns.

PIANOS, ORGANS, ETC. CHURGH ORGANS ce consisten a with the quanty given iven end querentecd, Send stamp tor Catal ~- ine E. & G.G. HOOK & ABTINGS, ‘B Builders of nearly 80 organs, including the six largest and most complete in the country. ESTABLISHED 1827. GUILD PIANOS. SEMVRGH & Co. MANVEACTURERS via the Chicago and Northwestern SAN FRANCISCO, Gnecemente, den, Salt city. Cheyenne, — neoln, Gounelt “Bluth Yankton, a bity, Dubuque, Winona, St. Paul, Duluth, Green Ba osh, Madison, ‘Milwaukee, and sil Fy poate, west or northwest of Chicago. If you wish the best traveling accommodations, you be buy your tickets by this route and will take no ottnts popular route is uns sed for § Com; fort, and Safety. The Smooth. Well- Perfect of Steel Ra'le. Westinghouse “Air Brakes, Miller’s Safety Platfo:-» and Couplers, the elebrated man Slee, Cars, the Perfect elegraph System of moving ns, the regularity th w the pémtacie arrangement for rth. and. Northwees seoures the OO MFORTS IN MODERN BAIL ELING. PUREE AS: . ALACE CARS cast - the aliitraten of PIN: aes these cars between §t. Paul or Chicago and Milwaukee, and this is. is the ONLY LINE, that runs Pulman Drawing room with the Overland Sleep ers on the Unio’ ic Railroad. For or Information not attaifable from your home Licket ag agents apply to MARVINBUGHITT, W.H. STENNETT,

General Superintendent, Gen’l Passenger Agep CHICAGO, ILL

Page 16

16, SSS eee Sea eee NOTICES. @” All communications for the Bditorial, Literary News, amd Miscellaneous Columns of this journal should be addressed to The Editer ef The Inde- pendent, P.-O. Bex 3787. 7” All communications for the Commercial Depart- ment to the Commercial Editor, and all business com- munications from subscribers and advertisers to Henry ©. Bewen, Box 2787. £27 No notice can be taken of anonymous commu- nications. Whatever is intended for insertion must b ‘authenticated by the name and address of the writer; not necessarily for publication, but as a guaranty of good faith. 2” We do not hold ourselves responsible for any views or opinions expressed in the communications our correspondents. 2” Manuscripts sent to THE INDEPENDENT cannot be returned unless accompanied by a stamped and directed envelope; otherwise they will not be pre- served. Che Independent. 251 Broadway, opp. City Hall Park. ee HENRY C. BOWEN, Eprror, PUBLISHER, AND PROPRIETOR. New York, September 7th, 1876. CONTENTS. A Sioux Lodge (poem). Joaquin Miller........... 1 The Chautauqua Sunday-school Assembly (Sec- ond Article). The Rev. Thomas K. Beecher.... 1 The American Association at Buffalo. Mrs. Car- 2 Some English Problems. The Rev.W.W. Newton. 2,3 Augustine’s Late Love (poem). Prof. W. M. BS, disk Radiesse STAD 3 Glasgow Cathedral, with its Contrasts and Sur- prises. James Jackson Jarves.............00+ 3 Se The Conclusion. Samuel T. Spear, D. D........... 4 Hypocrisy (poem). Charles F. Richardson........ 5 A Glimpse of Home Life in 1776. Dllen D. SEE on SeLECa StL ybisdass ceiussneiveteecnsceunee 5,6 Your Flowers and Mine (poem). Ida Whipple chsh i iidbcbsciccnes secdsevccdetocedeiclbece 6 Bad Farming. The Hon. Neal Dow.......,.......+ 6,7 The Giant Finn (poem). Josephine Pollard....... 7 Jerry Winkler’s Soul. Frederick B. Stanford..... %,8 D&SPARTMENTS :—Biblica] Research ; Fine Arts; Science; Personalities; Missions; The Sun- day-school; School and College; Ministerial Beagieters, PORBARB. .0.0c0scteccescesgpnesece.dacoe O~E LITERATURE :—Conwell’s Life of Hayes; Minor Notices; Notes; Books of the Week......... 11,2 At the Doors (poem). Charles H. Thompson, D.D.. 4 Pr. Bilauvelt’s Arraignment...................++.. 4 Mozart's Birthplace. ........cc0ce+ scccccccenccccee 4 Te Ee BOO... . coccnccccccce -ccsecaceseses u SW COME AMD VOMIT ooccccccccaccenccesscases 15 EDITORIALS :—The Tricks and the Muddle: Dr. Blauvelt and his Critics; Tilden’s Shinplasters 16, 17 BDiTORIAL NorTes S068. ».0t0besns vedbesestes 1t—19 RELIGIOUS INTBLLIGENCE........ccccocee -ceocces 19 Casas GE O..B. c cccscvce poccdastegerce bbeetes 2 FINANCIAL; COMMERCIAL; WEEKLY MARKET BUTI. cocccoccccccccsccnceensssecseccces o6eces 22~—% YOUN6 AND OLD.—The History of What “ Katy Did” (poem), Miss S. W. Bacon ; The Rosen- higel, Lizzte P. Lewis; Little Pierre’s Pockets, Gussie de Bubra........-....cccceceees 25, 26 SELECTIONS: 26, 27 FARM AND GARDEN :—Flora of the Great Basin ; The Pacific Fruit Crop; Agricultural Educa- tion in Germany; Harvest Horrors; Liquid Manure for Pot-Plants ; White Skin or Lung- worms in Sheep; Good Sense Needed THE TRICK AND THE MUDDLE. e mcieicie Ir was first a trick and then a muddle; and both have put the Democratic party of this state in rathera sorry plight. Its cam- paign opens under very inauspicious stars and it will require all the proverbial cun- ning of the ‘“‘reform” candidate to set things right. No prudent underwriter would guarantee either him or his party against the breakers. Horatio Seymour—the only man upon whom the Democrats, by their own show- ing, could agree as their candidate for gov- ernor—told them explicitly, before the Saratoga Convention met, that his health would not permit him to encounter the ex- citement of a political canvass. His physi- cian said so; his wife thought so; and he thought and said so himself. Whatever may have been his habit of saying no when he meant yes, this time he meant no. As soon as he was informed of his nomination he sent a telegram to the chairman of the convention, positively declining it; and then he meant no. Waited upon bya com- mittee before the convention adjourned, he said no again; and in respect to this answer his negative was reported as an affirmative. And this was a lie; and the convention ad- journed too soon for him to gorrect it. Somebody lied, and we leave it for the Democrats to decide who did the lying. This, however, was only a part of the trick. The nomination itself was a trick. The Tilden men in the convention, finding that they could not manage it according to the programme fixed up at Albany, and 7 THE INDEPENDENT. the anti-Tilden men finding themselves equally embarrassed, were, through the manipulation of leaders on both sides, rushed into a snap judgment by acclama- tion, without the formality of a ballot. The inharmonious elements suddenly became a beautiful concord; and Horatio Seymour, the nominee, was the tune by which it was expressed. Tilden did not want him; yet he would take him, as the least ef two evils. The anti-Tildenites preferred an- other candidate; yet they could accept Sey- mour in order to head off Tilden. The emergencies which led to this seeming unity do not, in the present aspect of af- fairs, present a very brilliant prospect in this state for the great ‘‘ reformer.” The jubilant shouts of the Democrats are already turned into execrations and curses against their deceivers, and also anxieties as to what shall be done. And here begins the muddle. Never was a man, sick or well, more badgered to make him say yes, when circumstances compelled him to say no, than was Horatio Seymour during the closing days of last week. The trick had now become a very serious matter for the party; and, hence, its managers, alarmed at the crisis, were determined that the sick man should accept the nomination, no mat- ter what might be the state of his health or Whether he would be able to.discharge the duties of the office, if elected. Run he must, at any rate, as the only means of sav- ing the party from impending defeat. That certainly is a very strong and har- monious party whose fate hangs on the candidacy of Horatio Seymour. The nom- ination, whether accepted or declined by him, makes the party the endorser of a record which during the war was that of a Copperhead and in 1868 that of a repudi- ator. The Democrats of this state have shown their hand in nominating Mr. Sey- mour. He fits the party, and so does Samuel J. Tilden. And so did one William M. Tweed, Tilden’s former political associ- ate, just fit the constituents on whom he depended for power. The persistent declinature of New York’s Democratic ‘‘ favorite” and only saviour of the party has brought the muddle to its final stage. What shall be done? is now the question, as we go topress. The World, of this city, says that it will not do for the Democratic State Committee to supply the vacancy, and assigns two reasons therefor. First, the convention adjourned without giving it any authority to supply vacancies. Secondly, there are thousands of Dem- ocrats in the state who have no confidence in this committee. Neither will it do to call the same convenfton together again, since its members would be likely to quar- rel with each other and make things still worse. Tocall a new convention by a pri- mary election of delegates involves a loss of time and delay that would be hazardous, with no certainty that it would im- prove the situation. These three expedi- ents being thrown aside, Zhe World thinks that but one course is left, and that is to ‘vote for Seymour!” Alas! alas! for the Democratic party in this state, when the best thing it can do is to vote for a can- didate who says that he won’trun, and who has the best of all possible reasons for saying so. A coroner’s inquest, to ascer- tain whether it be dead, and, if dead, then who killed it, would seem to be the next thing in order. If Democracy had any just claim to live; if its principles were right and its leaders such men as the country could safely trust; if its record during the war had been pa- triotic and if since the war it had been that of honesty—if such were the facts of its history, then we might be disposed to pity it in its present misfortune and pos- sibly to offer it some friendly advice. Such, however, are not the facts. The country would gain nothing by its success and lose nothing by its defeat; and, hence, patriot- ism has no tears to shed on account of the dark auguries that now overhang its pros- pects. It is a very serious time with the ‘reform’ candidate, since, unless the Democrats carries the State of New York, all his plans and pretenses will come to grief. Without New York he is a defeated man, and even with it he may be. The hor- rible blundering of the Saratoga Conven- tion makes it certain that Democracy will not carry this state, if Republicans exert [September 7, 1876. ssisaieisaaniieeaiimasas eden a0 themselves as they should and as we be- lieve they will, to win the prize. ‘Whom the gods mean to destroy they first make mad.” So reads the Latin adage, turned into English. The ‘‘mad” part of the adage is already a fact in respect to the Democracy, and the people will make the other part a fact at the next election. DR. BLAUVELT AND HIS CRITICS. Dr. BLAUVELT has once more dared his critics and they are ready for the fray. The theological peace which has reigned since Professor Swing turned Independent is likely to be once more disturbed, for we do not suppose that the rationalist of the Reformed Church is likely to be left in peace. He has been sharply attacked already by the defenders of the faith, and we do not suppose that he can long be allowed to remain as an accredited minister of a denomination which prides itself especially on the strictness of its orthodoxy. In his article entitled ‘‘ Protestant Vat- icanism,” in the September Scribner's Monthly, Dr. Blauvelt takes up the same line of thought which he was treating in his communications of two and three years ago, and first charges the churches or, rather, their leaders with a foolish and suicidal policy of suppressing the queries and doubts of advanced Christian thinkers, and con- tinues by indicating a single point on which the creeds of the churches now held as binding on their ministers need relaxing. On the first subject, while Dr. Blauvelt may be right, the men on whose behalf he speaks do not deserve any great commis- seration. He has himself spoken out so plainly in this article as to relieve himself from the charge of cowardice; but, if there are other men in the churches who do not hold the full faith of the antiquated creeds, and are afraid to say so, for fear that they will be cast out of the synagogue, then they have not the stuff that martyrs are made of, not to mention the blind man on whose eyes Jesus put theclay. And yet there are many such in the churches—whose general sympathies are with the church to which they belong, who, perhaps, teach in its schools, who love its Christian work and life, but who cannot heartily accept its standards in those particulars in which they differ from those of other Christian bodies. It may be that they are simply evangelical in their faith, and know and care nothing about theology. It may be that they believe that a large poetic and legend- ary element is to be found in the beauti- ful stories of Genesis. It may be that they feel as Watts did toward the imprecatory portions of the old Scriptures, and see, they think, a new and higher development of morals in the teachings of Christ. They may feel compelled to give up the faith of their Church in the inspiration of parts of the Bible, and the peculiar doctrines of the- ological faith that depend on those parts; they may think that science requires an in- terpretation of Scripture quite inconsistent with the formularies; and yet they may be afraid to speak out their faith. If so, all the worse for them; or, at least, for the Church. We do not say that they are cowards. They are men of peace and love to rest in their lot, and perhaps God made them such as they are; but, if they are in the right, alas! for the Church, that it is left in darkness to suffer, as in Germany, a terrible ebb of faith, because they have not fitted the new gar- ments of modern thought to the old truth of Christ. It will be required of them in that Day. There may now be too much repres- sion of thought; but they only are to blame who restrain their own thought. The world is open to them. They will not be persecuted. They will only be denounced, and possibly exscinded from their churches, and, may be, find their income lessened. But all this is no hardship for a religious teacher to complain of. It is not persecution. Dr. Blauvelt specifies that the new creed must not require a faith in the whole Bible as an authoritative standard of faith, He asserts, as feprinted elsewhere, that the New Testament gives a different view of God from the Old Testament, and that it is not to be accepted as a complete and authoritative exponent of religious truth. So far as in this he fails to do full justice to the Jewish view of God’s charac- ter he is ably answered in The Sunday- school Times, from, which we also reprint an extract. The Christian Intelligencer an nounces that it will reply at length, and The Interior charges that he has traitorously struck his flag and gone over to rational- ism. We fail to read his article in this light. It may be proper to call a man a rationalist who holds to the supernatural history of the life and death of our Lord Jesus Christ, who accepts him for master, and who believes that through him the world ‘is to be saved; but, if so, a rationalist may be an excellent Christian. Some of our Calvinistic breth- ren are never tired of proclaiming the in- consistency of the Baptists, who swear by the foreign Spurgeon and swear at the American Open Communionists; but how much better is this than taking to their arms the German representatives to the Evangelical Alliance and then abusing an American who is no worse a rationalist? TILDEN’S SHINPLASTERS. THERE is a little item in Samuel J. Til den’s record as a financier which not a few people in Michigan can appreciate and all the people of the United States ought to understand. Besides being an expert in railroad manipulation and consolidation, and being one of the ‘“‘eminent counsel” consulted in getting up the Credit Mobilier fraud, he has shown not a little skill in ob- taining possession of iron-lands and organ- izing mining companies. The peninsula of Michigan, in the neighborhood of Mar- quette, is the theater upon which in 1862 he began the display of this kind of skill. Making himself the chief of what was known asthe ‘‘Iron Ring,” he held the majority of the stock of the Jackson, the Tron Cliff, and the New York mining com- panies, and, of course, had things man- aged according to his own notions, One of these notions was to issue a fraud- ulent and illegal shinplaster currency, con- trary to the statute of the State of Michi- gan, and virtually compel the miners to accept this currency in payment for their services. The acceptance was compulso- ry, since the miners could get nothing else from their employers. The money was familiarly known as ‘‘Iron Money.” It consisted of notes printed from steel-plate engravings, in imitation of bank-notes, and the sums specified were payable in from two to four months, without interest. The miners were paid in this illegal and unauthorized currency. It circulated among them as money and was the only money they could get from the ‘Iron Ring” for their labor. This bogus currency was issued to the amount of millions of dol- lars; and the consequence was that green- backs and genuine bank-notes were un- known where this currency circulated. They instinctively fled from its presence. The result to the ‘‘Iron Ring” was an enormous profit, and to the miners a continuous and outrageous swindle. The way in which the Ring made money by the issue of these notes was by the interest saved, by shaving the notes when redeeming them before maturi- ty, by charging exhorbitant prices to the miners for goods sold to them and paid for in these notes, by buying these goods at greenback prices and then selling them at shinplaster prices, by the loss of notes that were never presented for redemption, and by the omission to pay any taxes to the Government on this spurious circulation. It is estimated that, in addition to the prof- its from mining, the Ring made an illegiti- mate profit of a hundred thousand dollars a year out of this bastard currency, which was nothing but a swindle upon labor. Combining mining, merchandising, and currency-making, and running this three- fold machine in the same interest, the Ring did a thriving business in the way of en- riching its members and robbing the laborer. ’ This shinplaster scheme proceeded swim- mingly for the Ring until the attention of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue was called to it, in 1874, and the question raised whether these gentlemen were not liable, under the revenue laws of the United States, to pay a tax to the Government on their ‘‘Iron Money.” They managed to secure a stay of proceedings against them. q|.Sept ———_= This, hor Three 01 cluded t counterf for the o pefore ¢ indictme had bee! «The currence: to the their fa marks, bank-no purpose the sub ous, WO) court h tive ye before The sucha yet the Ring, | and th the wi smug¢ closin which Treas ed to on cil made or otl Su story say 1 whol profi 17th said Mic! lest proc ente for Pre nar tra an) the sta nis as pa ar

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6. epee) nday- print oY an 1 The ously onal- this an a tural Lord ster, him but, llent reth- e in- ir by the how their the y an q{September 7, 1876.) This, however, did not end their troubles. Three other enterprising gentlemen con- cluded to take a hand in the profits by counterfeiting the Tilden shinplasters; and for the offense they were indicted and tried before Judge O’Grady, who quashed the indictment, on the ground that no offense had been committed. The Judge said: ‘The issue of all these notes and iron currency, so called, is illegal, contrary to the statute, and they are void upon their face. They bear not only the ear- marks, but all the principal features of a bank-note and are utterly worthless for the purpose of circulation. They cannot be the subject of forgery. They are a spuri- ous, worthless, bastard currency. The court has been of this opinion for the last tive years, though the question has never before been presented for its decision.” The laws of Michigan make the issue of such a currency a state-prison offense; and yet the offense was committed by the Iron Ring, year after year, until counterfeiting and the terrors of the law finally broke up the whole scheme. The scheme ended by smuggling a bill through Congress at the closing hours of its session, in March, 1875, which provided that the Secretary of the Treasury should be ‘‘ authorized and direct- ed to settle and release any claims for taxes on circulation of evidences of indebtedness made against any mining, manufacturing, or other corporations, without penalty.” Such, in a condensed form, is the story of the Tilden shinplasters. We say Tilden, for he was magne pars in the whole business and shared largely in the profits. The Chicago 7rivune of August 17th, 1876, in a comment upon Mr. Tilden, said: ‘‘This is Mr. Tilden’s record in Michigan, a state which he dare not enter, lest he should become amenable to legal proceedings upon numerous judgments entered against him in the courts.” When formally notified of his nomination for the Presidency, he referred to the fact that his name had been identified with ‘‘ adminis- trative reform,” and that this, more than anything else, was probably the reason why the Democrats had selected him as their standard-bearer. The above narrative fur- nishes a very good specimen of his talent as areformer and alsoof his tender sym- pathy with labor. The Tilden shinplasters are a first-class illustration to this effect. Enitorvial Notes, ARCHBISHOP PURCELL’s pronunciamento to the effect that the Catholic clergy have no enmity toward the American common school system and make no war upon it recalls some utterances which the Archbishop’s own paper has made, not quite in harmony with his last words, as follows: “The present system of public schools brands Catholic faith as a crime, and the American state punishes it yearly by fines equal in amount to the sum which Catholics are compelled to expend after the payment of school-tax upon the education of their children. The American school Jaw is a general enactment against the Catholic religion, originating and perpetuated in the same spirit that has driven the educating orders of the Church from the soil of Germany.’’ And this is what Bishop McQuaid has said: ‘We charge upon the system of state schools, as now carried on in these United States, the perpetuation of manifold injustice and the upholding of false principles: (1.) It is an in- fringement of parental rights and duties. (2.) It cruelly oppresses poorer citizétis.’ (3.) The state does not know what its system should be. (4.) It is narrow, contracted, and limited in its scope. (5.) It stultifies itself. (6.) It estab- lishes a monopoly of business best left to in- dividual enterprise and the immediate control of parents.” Now which is the higher authority in Church matters, the Archbishop or the Bishop? The former probably ; but, if s0, which is the more trustworthy, the Right Rev. Archbishop Pur- cell or the Right Rev. Editor Purcell? And would the Archbishop have published the ed- itorial above just before a presidential election ? Or would he have uttered the pronunciamento just after the promulgation of the Syllabus ? WIL the St. Louis Christian News correct its misstatement? It says: ‘““We can remember very well the oppro- brium heaped upon Finney, his doctrines, his methods, his manner and opinions, by many of these men who now come forward to offer praise to the dead hero. If we are not greatly mistaken, one of the Eastern papers now de- voting so much space to the latter work once on a time refused to print Pres. Finney’s terri- bly true exposition of Masonry, after he had begun a series of papers on that subject in their columns, by special arrangement. Finney made it too hot for somebody and they desert- ed the prophet. They, with others, return to garnish his sepulcher, which is another illus- tration of the frailty of the flesh.’’ THE INDEPENDENT is the only paper to which THE INDEPENDENT. a this can refer, and the statement is utterly un- true, as we are able to say, although there is not now a single man editorially connected with the paper who was on it at that time. Neither then, nor now, nor, s0 faras we can learn, since the paper was started Shas there been on it a single editor or sub-editor who has been a Mason, or who has been in the least concerned about or pestered by complaints of Masons about either President Finney’s or our own words about the order of oaths and aprons. Mr. Finney was requested by the editor of THE INDEPENDENT to write several articles against Masonry. This he did, and we published ten successive articles in 1868. We then ceased publishing them —not at all because of any remonstrances against them, but sim- ply, as Mr. Finney was told, because excessive space had already been given to the subject. We have no idea that Mr. Finney ever put so uncharitable a construction on this occurrence. At any rate, we have since thattime published as many as thirty articles by him, on various re- ligious subjects, which is probably five times as many as all the other religious papers put together; and if anybody has the right to ‘‘re- turn to garnish his sepulcher,” we have. We have the charity to conceive it possible that the above item from The Christian News was dic- tated by nothing worse than culpable ignor- ance. WE do not wonder that the style of Dr. Blauvelt provokes his critics. There is about his utterances an apparent touch of superior- ity, if not egotism, which is not soothing to an opponent. But that is no reason for wholesale abuse. Some of his critics seem to have for- gotten the suggestions which Dr. Christlieb made to them. In his greatly-praised Evan- gelical Alliance address he said that ‘‘ the cen- tral position, or citadel, is, as all believing theologians have long believed, the redemp- tion and atonement accomplished by Jesus Christ.” Outside of this citadel are its bastions, the presuppositions and consequen- ces of the atonement, such as the lost condi- tion of man through sin, the saving will of God, the crucifixion and resurrection of the God-man, repentance, faith, and eter- The truth is that Dr. Gottheil, a most honor- able gentleman, never saw this precious villain. When astrange sheep is found prowling around the fold, it pays, before taking it in with the flock, to tug at its pelt a little, and see if there is a wolf’s skin beneath it. Pror. C. W. Cxiapp is writing a series of arti- cles to The Advance in answer to the question “Ts the ideal Christian woman a public charac- ter??? Our answer would be very short. That depends entirely on circumstances, just as in the case of man. Is the ideal Christian man a public character? We cannot say yes. He may be, or he may not. He may be a farmer or a carpenter, or he may be a preacher or a statesman. In either case it is the character, and not the position, that gauges the ideal. With women, as with men, the large majority of ideal characters have been in private life. There have been enough, however, in public life to prove that womanly virtue and grace are in place not only where they blush unseen. There are no nobler women living to-day than some who are public speakers in behalf of their sisters, deprived of civil rights in civilized lands, or of education and Christian training in hea- then lands. This is Prof. Clapp’s conclusion, expressed in Italics: ‘‘ Woman is forbidden to speak in the church because God and Nature never meant her for a public character.”? The trouble about such an assertion is that a good many people are not so well acquainted with “God and Nature”? as they imagine. They confound their own judgments with those of God, who does not, in fact, share with them his infallibility. God and Nature may have a great many new things toshow. And in mat- ters of social life and relation of the sexes times and habits have so changed since the days of St. Paul that the commands about long hair and veiled faces, which were then proper, have quite lost their point. THE Brooklyn Argus, after specifying the sources of information in respect to the income of Mr. Tilden in 1862, submits the following recapitulation of his income for -that year, as either stated or sworn to by himself, with the nal life. Outside of this is the enciente of the fort, ‘the doctrine of the Holy Scrip- tures, as the record of divine revelation.” Outside of these are supporting forts, such as the action of the sacraments, the relation of the two natures of Christ, etc., which must be left toinvestigation. ‘‘The fortressis not con- quered though one of the outposts should fall into the enemy’s hands—not, indeed, should even one of his missiles injure a stone of the enceinte”»—that is, of the doctrine of the inspira- tion of the Bible. On the latter point he is more explicit, and says: ** Above all, do not let us place unnecessary difficulties in our own way and furnish our ad- versaries with dangerous weapons by an exag- gerated theory of inspiration, which in its equal application to all the books of our present canon can be justified neither by Scripture nor by historical evidence.”’ Such a paragraph as this and the whole preg- nant and guarded context we would commend to the careful attention of all that raise the cry of rationalism at those who hold as truly as themselves to the citadel and its bastions. What suggested to us this illustration from Dr. Christlieb was the following from The Interior: ‘“‘ After surrendering the Old Testament and ordering a retreat from the old bastions, he turns about, and, wiping the perspiration from his leonine brow, remarks : ‘Now we are safe. We can hold the Christian citadel; but we must set about reconstructing it.’’ Amere difference as to what the citadel and bastions are. RELIGIOUS swindlers are on their rounds just now, and should be looked out for, especially the pseudo converts. In Boston, not long ago, Dr. Pentecost took to his arms and his church a ‘converted priest,” who had been in close relations, he said, to two of the bishops in this country. Inquiry might have established his credibility ; but it was delayed until the rascal had been received into full membership. The Catholic people then took the matter up, and proved the man to be an utter swindler; and he is now, we believe, in prison for some offense which he had committed in Worcester. In this city the Episcopalians were not long ago taken in in the same way by a “‘converted Jew,’’ one ‘Rey. Dr. Nathans,’’ and Bishop Potter was compelled to revoke the license he had given him. Another Jewish convert, one ‘ Roseval- ley,” has now for some weeks been holding forth, greatly to the delight of the Methodists hereabouts, and has boasted of the great things he has done. The Jewish papers now plausibly identify him with one of his name who has been imprisoned in Albany for counterfeiting and who ran a diversified career of crime in New Or- leans. His last exploit is to boast of a friendly debate with Drs. Adler and Gottheil, of this city, in which the latter were badly worsted by himself, and after which Dr. Gottheil confessed his faith in Jesus, but said that he was afraid to preach it publicly, because it would lose him his $6,500 salary as rabbi of the Temple Emanu-El. single exception of his oath in 1863 declaring his taxable income for 1862 to be only 7,118: From the Terre Haute Railroad....,..... $20,000 From the Cumberland Coal Company... 5,000 Bonds of the Terre Haute Railroad...... 33,000 Interest from Mr. Bayard................. 18,000 Interest and dividends on Terre Haute DOMER di cdeadcdaa ae Ccccccce coecocccece 5,000 Profit On MINING, CtC....,ceeeseeceeeeceees 40,000 Rents... cece aleleteketientitnecanwauaanyhed . 20,000 Interest OM ORME. .cc.cccccescoccecccccccccs 6,000 Admitted receipts...... seccsccesees eeccee $147,000 Less taxes, repairs, tc........... ecccceces 6,552 $140,448 Net Income SWOID t0.......eecceeeecceceees 7,118 Taxes yet due for 1862 OM........-ceeeeeeees $133,330 According to this statement, the “ reform” candidate is still indebted to the Government for unpaid taxes in 1862 on $133,330, to say nothing of his income for that year derived from other sources. This is very far from being the whole case against him. The Income Tax Law was in operation for ten years; and Mr. Tilden, after making his returns for 1862 and 1863, thereafter declined to make any further returns, and allowed the assessor to estimate his income, and add fifty per cent. thereto as the penalty for bis omission. There is but one explanation of his course in this particular ; and this is that he meant to cheat the Government and did cheat it out of a por- tion of its dues. The average of his taxation for the whole period was on an income of $15,000 a year, which in ten years would amount to $150,000, on which he paid an in- come tax. And yet it was during this period that Mr. Tilden was engaged in those huge operations which have made him one of the millionaires of this city. His record on this subject will have to be cleared up to the satis- faction of the American people or he has not the ghost of a chance of being their next Pres- ident. THE answer of the Utica Observer, a Dem- ocratic paper, to the charge against Mr. Tilden of having sworn falsely and defrauded the Government inrespectto his income tax is in these words: ‘‘ Samuel J. Tilden can stand it. The Democratic party can stand it.’? The an- swer of Mr. Ottendorfer, in The Staats Zeitung, of this city, is as follows: “If Mr. Tilden cannot give a satisfactory explanation in this matter he certainly is not a fit candidate for the Presidency.” A satisfactory explanation means that Mr. Tilden should reconcile his oath of 1863 in regard to his income in 1862 with his oath in 1876,in which he swore to thereceipt of $20,000 in 1862 as income from two sources ; that he should tell why, after his return for 1863, he refused to make any further returns, and submitted to the penalty of an addition of fifty per cent. to the assessor’s estimate ; and that he should account for the fact. that his average annual taxation was only on an income of $15,000, making a total of $150,000 for ten years, during the period when he was rolling up his immense for- 17 tune. If Governor Tilden will give “a satisfac tory explanation ’’ on these points, that will be the end of the discussion about his income tax. Can he do so? The presumption is that he would, if he could. Thus far he has acted upon the theory of standing it. We regard this standing it as the bravery of silence when it is far more dangerous to speak. If ‘“‘Samuel J. Tilden can stand it,’’ the American people should not and, as we believe, will not. Mr. Ottendorfer, though a Democrat, is sufficiently candid to say that Mr. Tilden ought not to be President unless he can satisfactorily explain this matter; and such must be the judgment of every one who looks at the subject candidly, His silence is an insult to the honest American people, as if they would stand anything ina man who has only the virtue of wealth, SENATOR BoorTH, of California, in his speech of last week, at Terre Haute, Ind., sets forth the ‘“‘ reform” candidate for the presidency in the following pungent and truth-telling light : ‘*Now, my friends, let me ask you in candor: If the Rebellion had succeeded, the Confed- eracy been established, and the present Demo- cratic candidates for President and Vice-Pres- ident had gone down there and run for office, could one utterance of theirs in their Northern homes be quoted to prevent any Confederate from voting for them? Would nottheir North- ern record have made them very eligible and — candidates for the highest offices in the outhern Confederacy ? When the great trial came which searched the hearts of this people, in that supreme moment of our history when the instinct of patriotism was a higher guide than learning or philosophy; when the great idea of country came like a revelation of love; when Governor Hayes said ‘I would go into the war if | knew I should fall in it, rather than stay at home and live to say I had no part in it, Governor Tilden took down the Constitu- tion to see if he could find in its written words any warrant for the existence of the nation among the powers of the earth. He examined it as though he were trying to find a flaw ina criminal statute, to ascertain if he had a coun- try. The idea of a country whose living pres- ence is in the heart of a patriotic people never dawned upon his calculating and metaphys- ical mind. He analyzed sentences, hunted among nouns and pronouns, adverbs and prepo- sitions, among commas and periods, colons and semi-colons. Think of it! the character and existence of the nation, the question whether it should meet armed rebellion with sovereign power, wasa matter of punctuation. Our des- tiny hung upon a semi-colon. At last he reached a conclusion. Hear, ye stars! The Union was a ‘federative agency. **T do not know whether this is copulative or disjunctive; whether it is tobe, to do, or to suf- fer; imperfect or pluperfect ; past, present, or to come; do not know whether it is animal, min- eral, or vegetable. I do not thinkit is anything to live or to die for. Ido not think the color- sergeant from Otter Creek, who left the home of his childhood to join Company C, to follow it through march and bivouac, in sickness and suf- fering and privation and danger; whostood with his comrades in the front of the battle; joined them in the charge upon the batteries that blazed with the fires of Hell; fell, bullet- pierced, grasping the standard with the grip of death as the darkness of death sank upon his eyes—I do believe bis soul went to the Un- known with the aspiration ‘God save the fed- erative agency.’ ” This is too good not to be repeated. Mr. Til- den’s cold-hearted falseness to his country in the season of its agony and peril ought to be rung from one end of the land to the other. Hendricks, his associate on the ticket, was no better. Both were Copperheads; and, had they lived south of Mason & Dixon’s line, both would have been open rebels. One secret of Seymour’s nomination may be found in the fact that the three men who brought it about were Senator Kernan, the Hon. John Morrissey, and the Hon. John Kelly. Senator Kernan is said to have declared, when the nomination was made, that “‘he was never before so happy in his life ’’; and the two hon- orable Johns appear to have been equally de- lighted. When some indiscreet member of the Convention, who wanted to say a good word for Dorsheimer, said that he was a descendant of Martin Luther, the Hon. John Kelly ex- claimed, in his wrath: ‘“ Put that fool out.’ The truth of the matter is that Messrs. Kelly, Morrissey, Shea, and Kernan, who were the vociferous advocates of Seymour at Saratoga, ‘ knew that the man who called the rioters ‘* friends’’ and who stepped aside to give the senatorship to Mr. Kernan, could get every Irish Roman Catholic vote in the state, and that no other man could; and it is for that reason that The World now recommends that he should be voted for whether he consent to run or not. Ir we get to the very bottom of the Demo- cratic difficulty in New York, it is this: Mr. Tilden does not harmonize the party. There is, on the one side, an element of ‘‘ roughs”’ in this city, of whom Tammany is full, that have never quite forgiven him for having turned against their idol, Tweed ; and, on the other hand, there isa large body of most respectable and influential men, whose center is at Albany, such as consti- tuted the old “‘ Albany Regency,”’ and of whom John V. Pruyn, Sanford E. Church, Amasa J, Parker, Erastus Corning, ard ex-Governor Hoffman are examples, and with whom Sey- mour fully sympathizes, who quite distrust Governor Tilden, who believe him to be an

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18 THE INDEPENDENT [September 7, 1876 gg utterly selfish, grasping, and bad man, and who cannot be expected to mourn very deeply over his misfortunes. Among the Democrats at Al- bany, to whom Mr, Tilden ought to be thor- oughly known, he is very unpopular, and this isno secret. We are inclined to think that ex- Governor Seymour is not greatly attracted by the temptation to jump into the breach to help such a man, and that this would partly deter- mine his acceptance, even were he not getting too old and feeble and deaf to perform the duties of the office. THE Cleveland Leader, Ohio, says that last week the Democratic Central Committee of that state met at the principal hotel in Put-in- Bay, and that the chief question ciscussed was whether the Democrats of Ohio should accept a fund of $250,000 from the Democratic clubs and committees of New York and Philadelphia, to be used as a corruption ffnd to carry the state at the October election by purchasing votes. It was finally decided to accept the fund, and put it where it would do the most good, in Cleveland, Toledo, Dayton, and Cin- cinnati. The Leader claims to have ample au- thority for what it affirms,and calls upon Re- publicans in Ohio to see to it that the law against the corruption of votes by bribery is stringently enforced. It is quite possible that some of the savings of Governor Tilden by cheating the Government on his income, or some of his profits on shinplaster currency in Michigan, may form no inconsiderable part of this patriotic fund. It is well known that he virtually bought his nomination by a system of advertisements ; and it would not be at all sur- prising if the ‘‘reform’’ candidate should re- gard two or three millions wisely spent if they would buy him into the White House. The Republicans of Ohio should be on the alert to catch this proposed villainy and bring it to prompt justice. Money is the chief reliance of Mr. Tilden in this campaign. CARL ScHuRzZ, in a recent speech on the re- sumption question, said: “‘Tf a man has given his note to pay within a certain time, will anybody declare that the note will sooner be paid if you cross out the date on which it is due? The Republicans have fixed a date for the payment of the Government promissory notes, and after the passage of this act every greenback ought to have contained this date on its face—namely, ‘The United States will pay to bearer one dollar on the 1st of January, 1879.’ Now, the Democrats say that the surest way to resume is to leave off the time when the note is to be paid, and that they call being in favor of early resumption. Is not that a pure confidence swindle ?”’ The Hon. ex-Senator is entirely right in the position that’ the legal-tender notes, by virtue of the Resumption Act, became demand obli- gations on the Ist of January, 1879, as really and as fully as if this date of payment had been printed upon the notes themselves. From the moment the act became a law the date of payment was fixed, and to that date the good faith and honor ef the Government were pledged. To repeal the law fixing the date is simply to repudiate so much of the obli- gation ; and this is precisely what the St. Louis Convention, the Democratic House of Repre- sentatives, and Governor Tilden propose, and what the Democratic party would do, if it had the power. As in 1868 it was, so now in 1876 it is the party of repudiation. CuleF-JusTiceE Ware, in delivering the opinion of the Supreme Court of the United States in the case of Joseph A. Walker vs. Charles 8. Sauvinet, said : ‘‘ The states, so far as this amendment is concerned, are left to regu- late trials in their own courts, in their own way. A trial by jury in suits at common law, pending in the state courts, is not, therefore, a privilege or immunity of national citizenship, which the states are forbidden by the Fourteenth Amend- ment to abridge.’’ The Civil Rights Law of Congress, approved March Ist, 1875, provides a penalty against ‘any officer or person charged with any duty in the selection or summoning of jurors who shall exclude or fail tosummon any citizen’? “on account of race, color, or pre- vious condition of servitude.’’ Ifit be true, as stated by Chief-Justice Waite, that the states are left to regulate trials in their own courts in their own way, and that trial by jury. in state courts is not a privilege of national citizenship, then we do not see how Congress has anything to do with the jury question in the courts of a state. The language of the Chief-Justice im- plies that the jury section of the Civil Rights Law is unconstitutional. § §BisHop WHIPPLE, of Minnesota, pleads with the President that the United States may treat the Indians with simple honesty. He speaks a needed word at an opportune time. But would it not be well for hfm and the other teachers of morality and religion in Minnesota not to forget to look a little nearer home, also, and ask whether the rich State of Minnesota has not ‘‘sowed broken faith, injustice, and wrong’? in its dealings with its creditors, by repudiating its just debts? We are glad that appointed a committee to investigate the charge that the state had thus dishonored its good name; and, if so, ‘“‘to arouse the public con- science to the necessity of removing the stain of repudiation.’? No Christian teacher in the state has the right to give himself any rest until Minnesota is removed from the black list of repudiating states, A CORRESPONDENT of The Republican contra- dicts the version of the Edgefield (8. C.) mas- sacre as told by Bishop Haven; but his version is bad enough. He acknowledges that six Negroes were taken out of jail and shot, and says that the two women taken with them were let go. As we have heard the story from pretty good authority, the two women have never been heard from since, and the Ham- burgh massacre shows what happens to black prisoners who are ‘‘letgo.’’ Hesays that three of the Negroes confessed. Of course, the con- fession was twisted out of them with a tight rope, and we know what such a confession is worth. But,even if true, yet three men were murdered. Will not the correspondent tell us about the case in Edgefield district, which Gov. Chamberlain brought before the legislature last winter in a special message, of a Negro family invaded by whites, the men cruelly flogged, and a woman stripped and hot sealing-wax dropped on her naked flesh, so that, when she was brought to Columbia, Dr. Eusor, of the hospital, declared she had been thus tortured in sixty places. Also, whether a representative was not shot in Edgefield district and one in Darlington this fall. It may be that the first masscre was not quite so atrocious as Bishop Haven was in- formed ; but the occurrence was only a little less horrible, at the best. THE New York World has reduced its price to three cents and the length of its columns in the same proportion, so that the change is not so great as it may appear. The significance of this reduction lies in the fact that The World is the only recognized morning paper in New York which pretends to be the organ of the Dem- ocratic party. ~The World is usually well writ- ten, but rather too refined in its tone for the party it represents. It is certainly a strange thing that in a city like New York, which can generally rely upon fifty thousand Democratic majority, the morning paper having the smallest circulation should be the one representing this vast constituency. It is only an evidence that the Democratic voter in New York is not a news- paper reader. If he were, The World would have the largest circulation of all the New York dailies, instead of the smallest. In Cairo, Egypt, there is a system of public schools, under the charge of a directional con- trol corresponding pretty much to that em- ployed in more free and civilized countries; but the directors have a despotic way of doing things, which would hardly be endured in a more enlightened region. The following is the last clause of the contract which the teachers are required to sign: ‘And I further agree that I will resign my position and withdraw from said schools when- ever requested by said board of education or the superintendent of said schools, and will ask for no reason why such request was made, nor will I blame or censure any one connected with the management of said schools on account of it, nor claim compensation from the date of such resignation.” This is about as tyrannical a requirement as could be imposed. The teachers are compelled to sign away their liberty of self-defense in case of any wrong done to them. But what else can be expected in Egypt ? P. 8.—We learn that Dr. Brugsch, the learned Egyptian commissioner to the Centennial Exhi- bition, indignantly denies the truth of the above statement, and says that a careful exam- ination of the educational exhibit in the exhibi- tion will show that no such degrading require- ment is imposed. He wishes the statement ab- solutely denied, forthe honor of arising nation- ality. Yet we had the statement ffrom unim- peachable authority. P.P.8.—It was Cairo, Egypt, Illinois, of which the above is true. So we learn, to the shame of our national pride, from The Woman’s Journal. THE amateur boat races on the Schuylkill have reached a not wholly satisfactory conclu- sion. The club which got the victory is an American one, which is flattering to our pride ; but it is certain that in a fair race, in which all boats should rowina single heat, as in Sara- toga, the Beaverwycks, though a good crew, would not have come out first and probably not above fifth. That shows that the Schuylkill is not a suitable place for big races, and that the system of dividing the contestants into sec- tions and then pitting the victors against each other is to be avoided. In this case the Lon- don Rowing Club had probably the fastest and prettiest rowing crew on the river, although their conduct and temper were anything but pretty. The Yale crew in the best race of the regatta were but a second behind them and de- serve great praise. Then the Northwestern the Baptist State Association at its last meeting day, and would probably have come in third in an equal and fair race. We are not greatly attached to races; but we would like to see them conducted in such a way that a victory should have some value. By far the most solemn piece of writing that has come to our notice in some time is a Tarrytown letter, from an “ M.A.,” in a recent Evening Post. The gloomy correspondent’s epistle, reduced to its lowest terms, amounts to this: We are all going to the dogs ; but, on the other hand, nothing is so much in demand as comic literature. These theses are expounded in such wise as this: ‘We are passing through one phase of life’s experience when ‘the mills of the gods’ grind with unusual power, and one’s faith wrestles with perplexing doubts and fears lest ‘He who holds us’ has for the while turned his face away. The check to desperate wickedness in bad natures seems loosened, and undue license ing forms. The minds of men ‘sup full of hor- rors.’ Calamity stalks abroad with her fearful train of destruction and death, leaving behind hera tracery of woe, and on every side and from afaris heard the wail rung from bereaved and suffering humanity.” The hot summer, the state of Croton Lake, and the plenitude of the mosquito harvest up the Hudson seem to be “‘M. A.’’’s principal griev- ances: ‘‘The oppressive heat, the damaging drought, the foliage prematurely crisp and dead, the parched ground failing of its necessary yield, the scourge of insects, the dried-up fountains of the earth—all these depressing influences combine to make one’s heart sick with fear of some great impending crisis.’’ Now for the antithesis : “ And yet life exhibits another phase strange- ly discordant with that which I have depicted. fo to a prevailing taste for comicalities, for the ludicrous in all its forms. The age has de- veloped an unusual number of humorous men, whose success in this direction has stimulated a horde of small emulators to inflict upon the public shoals of feeble, ghastly jokes, that sre positively melancholy to contemplate. Comic literature swarms about us. Books of fun, papers of fun, pictures of fun are thrust upon one’s notice at every turn, until the mind wearies of caricature aud burlesque. Almost all the newspapers, magazines, etc., pander to this vitiating taste by devoting space to a col- lection of jokes—good, bad, and indifferent.” We should discontinue our ‘“‘Pebbles’’ col- umn, were it not that the writer goes on to point out that The Bvening Post is as much of apandereraswe. ‘‘Eventhe dear old Evening Post, high-toned and honored as it has ever been in my estimation, has caught the infection, and in its dignified columns appears a daily contribution to this facetious fund.”’ If a dear old high-toned grandmother jests,why shouldn’t a young and lively damsel who is still on the sunny side of thirty, like THe INDEPENDENT? But let ‘*M. A.’’ accept a box of Cockle’s Pills, with our compliments, and the assurance that we “utterly deniges’’ his statements. War, calamity, fraud, mosquitoes, etc. will pass away, rain will fall, and the Croton will be all right by the last of the month. But as for comic papers, ‘‘ M. A.’’ will be glad to learn that we are not so hopeful. Every Punch we have thus far possessed has died. Should “M. A.” edit one, however, it would certainly be too amusing to perish; and the gods wouldn’t be in any danger of loving it either, as they have the reputation of prefering nectar to vinegar. WE cannot make the way that The Interior and Presbyterian of last week treat Mr. Vanorden appear right. He wrote a note to them denying utterly that he had ever owned a slave in Rio, as was charged in a letter from Mr. Blackford, of the Brazilian mission ; and they do not pub- lish it, but merely say that he asserts that he bought her freedom. The Interior contradicts him, saying that he may sell her, if he so chooses, and that she may be sold for his debts, or by his administrator, if he dies. If we are not greatly mistaken, Mr. Vanorden’s letters to each of these papers showed that he had not purchased the woman for the sake of liberating her; but that she had been liberated and her freedom actually registered. Such is Mr. Van- orden’s statement, and we have not the slightest reason to doubt it. At any rate, Mr. V. refers us to Dr. Jose Francisco de Lemos, president of the Brazilian Evangelical Alliance, who drew up the papers for that purpose. This is some- thing more than a mere personal matter, in- asmuch as this charge against Mr. Vanorden is intended to meet a severe criticism of The Advance against the Board of Missions. Our own first knowledge of Mr. Vanorden came through a communication sent by him to us, and which we published, in reference to the use of American steamers in conveying slaves in Brazil. His action in that matter has re- ceived approval in best quarters, and it would be specially damaging to him to prove him a slaveholder. We see no reason to believe this charge to have any basis whatever. Neither can we find any basis for the indefinite state- ment that the looseness of theology charged against him had reference to other points, on which both Old and New School are agreed. crew was thrown out of the race on the first The Rev. W, W, Rand, publishing secretary of is given to guilt and crime in their most appall- | SARS, the American Tract Society, who knows Portu guese, has read his sermons, which have been published in Brazil, and declares that there is in them ‘‘nothing contrary to sound Presby- terian doctrine.”’ AMoné the things which no scholar in Amer- ica can find out is the reason why The Atheneum prints letters on philology from Hyde Clarke, One of his most astonishing letters isin the issue of Aug. 5th, and in it he attempts to prove that the same words are used in different languages for man, monkey, lizard, and frog, all of which, he says, are four-handed crea- tures. Leaving out the zodlogical question in- volved, we are interested to see that, by look- ing over the vocabularies of the hundreds of African tribes, and comparing them with the languages of the South American natives, and then of India, he does find material enough to prove that there are correspondences ; and we doubt not he could find as many in any other words. Indeed, with only a dozen or so of consonants in a science in which the vowels are of no account and the consonants of very little, it would be possible for a Hyde Clarke to prove any idea that might happen to rattle in his brain. We give but a single example from him. He notices the fact, not so very singular, that three tribes of Africa call man manu, or something like it, while the Mendis call a frog mansan, and the Bongos call a monkey manga, So they do, perhaps; but how does Mr. Hyde Clarke know but that the Bongo manga may hold as little of its original root as the English monkey, which is from the Italian monicchio, di- minutive from monna, contracted from madonna, compounded of ma, my, and donna, contracted from domina, mistress, from root dom or dam. Here we have remaining in the word monkey not one element of the root—as the mm comes from the possessive pronoun, the n from the formative termination of domina, and the k from the diminutive termination; and it is simply silly for Mr. Hyde Clarke to write and The Atheneum to print such arguments, based on words that may be, for aught that is known, as misleading as monkey would be if philolog- ically compared with man. We are sure that all respectable scholars will laugh at his conclu- sion from these premises that the Aryan lan- guages had their origin with the black races of Africa, HERR VAMBERY is regarded as a man pecu- liarly well acquainted with the goings on in the Turkish Orient, and in his late volume, “Islam in the Nineteenth Century,’ he expresses a general contempt for both Turks and Christians in the Ottoman Empire. The influences thus far upon Turkey coming from Europe he re- gards as totally bad, as the show of European civ- ilization and culture evident in Constantinople are an added ferment of corruption. Herr Vambery has a contempt for all forms of dog- matic belief, whether Moslem or Christian, and would hardly notice that French infidelity and ~ vice is pretty much all that the young Turkish cadets bring back from Paris. We have not much faith in the philosophy which he accepts, that the physical constitution and the natural surroundings of the Eastern are a full expla- nation of the indolence, bigotry, and degrada- tion of the Moslems. Turks and Christians in Turkey have a good, healthy physical basis. If they are lazy or ignorant, that admits of educa- tional and moral correctives ; and those correct- ives will come soonest by religious regenera- tion. Give our American missionaries twenty- five years more of peaceful work, and we will show a result that will modify the very charac- ter of the Turkish Empire. Protestants in Asia Minor are known as honest men, and already thereare hundreds of preaching stations and the number of enrolled Protestants is very rapidly increasing. ..-.The Albany Law Journal says that ‘the Supreme Court of Maine has decided that it is a violation of the Constitution of the United States to send tramps and general vagrants to the workhouse without due process of law.” The Court, as quoted by The Journal, says: ‘Tf white men and women may thus summari- ly be disposed of at the North, of course, black ones may be disposed of in the same way at the South. Thus the very evil which it was particularly the object of the Four- teenth Amendment to eradicate will still exist.’? The Amendment provides that no state shall “deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.” The Supreme Court of Maine holds that the summary commitment of “tramps and general vagrants to the workhouse” is a deprivation of liberty not in conformity with “due process of law,’’ and, hence, forbidden by the Fourteenth Amendment. ....In his letter to The Interior about Mr. Vanorden, his missionary associate, who was rebuked for interfering with what was none of his business as missionary, in calling attention to the slave traffic, Mr. Blackford says : ‘“‘The matter of the transportation of slaves between its northern and southern parts is un- Sept ( ——_—__ happily le may griev earried on ized by # not requir other priv That is de izen has n country w or consw missionar. was guilty wooo WE dence wh hand of 1 If every | own puni too ideal we all re tempt to assault. week of : engaged J. One | thus inti should | will be a performs its religi a Cong County, Beecher congreg Church | away, i with th $650, Wa town of one of t! Mr. Bet against that th questio: saat at the b Gothic copalia who ac images windov tian, Se ziana, saints.’ “the i after t] left of chairs we ¢al itin th wonds speecl meetil of wh ter of hot ¢ began Chris’ speec what Deme publi been flow peac thus

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September 7, 1876.] happily legal in Brazil, and, however justly it may grieve American citizens to see the traflic carried on in American mail steamers, subsid- ized by the United States Government, it could not require the intervention of missionaries or other private citizens resident abroad.”’ That is decidedly cool. Asif an American cit- izen has no right to watch for the honor of his country unless he happens to be an embassador or consul. Whatever may be the suspended missionary’s faults and errors, in this case he was guilty of none. ..».We never regret the action of Provi- dence when it benevolently takes out of the hand of the law the punishment of criminals. If every act of lawless crime should insure its own punishment, society would, perhaps, be in too ideal a state for this world of trial; but yet we all rejoice when a man is killed in the at- tempt to perpetrate a burglary or a murderous assault. Such a case was that reported last week of acouple of Philadelphia pugilists, who engaged in a brutal match near Pennsville, N. J. One of the brutes was killed, Providence thus intimating to the officers of the law what should be done with the other. Then there will be a well-rounded conclusion to the whole performance. ...eThe Congregationalist prints, along with its religious news, a report of the dedication of a Congregational church in Lewis, Essex County, in this state, in July, at which Mr, Beecher preached the sermon to an immense congregation. A large party of Plymouth Church people, spending the summer five miles away, in Elizabethtown, were present; and, with their aid, the debt of the church, about $650, was lifted. Elizabethtown is the shire- town of Essex County, and Essex County is one of the three counties in some one of which Mr. Beecher asks that Mr. Moulton’s suit against him may be tried. Mr. Moulton prefers that the trial should be in this city and the question is now being argued before the court. .... The Catholic Review is greatly disgusted at the building of a handsome and “ churchly”’ Gothic church at Rome by the American Epis- copalians. It does not exactly see why those who accuse the Catholics of worshiping graven images can consistently put in their stained windows pictures of ‘‘the martyrs, Saint Sebas- tian, Saint Cecilia, Saint Lawrence, Saint Poten- ziana, Saint Petronilla, and other Catholic saints.” We wonder that, when it says that ‘the interior has three naves,”’ and immediately after that there are three marble chairs to the left of the altar, it does not suggest that the chairs are thus likely to be suitably occupied. .... Benjamin F. Butler is so good a man that we cannot but wonder that the profane can find it in their hearts to find fault with him. A similar wonder overcame us at reading a report ofa speech which he once made in Lowell. It wasata meeting of the parish of St. Anne’s Church, of which he is a devout pewholder. Some mat- ter of High Church and Low Church was up for hot discussion, and the General arose and began his speech, as thus reported: ‘ Fellow Christians [loud laughter].’’ The rest of the speech we forget, but it has always puzzled us what they were laughing at, ....In South Carolina the Republicans and Democrats are holding joint meetings and public discussions. In some cases there has been disturbance, after the whisky began to flow freely ; but generally the scene has been peaceful. A Democratic paper, The Register, thus briefly and, we doubt not, correctly, from its standpoint, reports two speeches : “J. K. Jillson, Republican, advised the Ne- groes to be honest and upright, to educate their —- and to elect only good Republicans to omece, “Judge Z. W. Leitner made a telling speech, completely demolishing Jillson.”’ .... The Examiner and Chronicle thinks it “‘ re- freshing”’ that we remind it that it is not cour- teous, in a difference between papers, to attack the editors by name, inasmuch as we used the name of its editor four times in a single item. But that was in commenting not at all on what his paper had said, but on what Dr. Bright had done as chairman of a committee of an associ- ation. Doesn’t The Examiner see the differ- ence? When The Examiner says that we have “persistently violated’’ this rule of courtesy it says what our readers know is not so. ....We enjoy a good typographical joke on our neighbors, and no less on ourselves. Last week we published under the title of ‘‘ Leaves ”’ a poem which had attached to it aGreek motto, that should have read, when translated: “ As is the life of leaves, such is the life of men.” Our Greek editor must have been ab- sent when the proof came to be read, and it appeared with the change of a single letter, making it mean: “ As is the life of fleas, such s the life of men !”’ ....We conclude in this number Dr. S. T. Spear’s series of articles on Religion and Gov- ernment. We may venture to say that on this subject nothing so full and complete has ever be- fore been published in this country and abroad ; and when issued, as they soon will be, in a book form we believe that the student not only of the question of. the Bible in schools, but of all THE INDEPENDENT other phases of this delicate subject, will prize the work as a full and valuable authority. .... We are generally pained to witness dis- cord in a family; yet we make an exception when the Mormon leader has a domestic row. It showed a spirited appreciation of the old man when Ann Eliza left his bed and board, and afterward sued him for alimony; and it shows a strong insight of character when his nephew, the editor of the Salt Lake Tribune, calls Uncle Brigham ‘‘an avaricious old hound.”’ .... The Presbyterian complains that “‘a Rad- ical (i. e., infidel) club was suffered to exist in Amherst College.”” Very bad; but, in the im- mortal words of that practical statesman, Bill Tweed, what will you do about it? What ought President Seelye and the faculty of Am- herst to do? Will The Presbyterian instruct them just how they shall go to work so as not to ‘suffer’ this little Radical club to exist ? ....It must have been a funny sceue when in the Democratic Convention John Kelly spoke of something as a ‘ hypothecated case,’’ and John Morrissey, of all men, corrected him by suggesting that he meant hypothetical, There must have been further smiling when Johu Kelly gave a bishop’s son acompliment as ‘‘that elegant gentleman, Clarkson N. Potter. Won- der if he did not pronounce it il/ygant. .... We commend this Long Island item, from one of Monday’s dailies, to The Observer, for use as a text: ‘“‘The Catholies of Babylon have secured a lot, and have raised a fund large enough to warrant the construction of a church edifice, for which ground will be broken in a short time.”’ .... The World calls the man who led the Sara- toga Convention into the error of imagining that Seymour would accept, a ‘reckless idiot,”’ and says that the conduct of those who thus deceived the convention ‘‘damns the authors of the delusion.”» There is a happy family for you. ; ....The Congregationalist reports with great satisfaction that two of the Andover professors went to the caucus for the district convention to labor against the election of delegates pledged to some nameless candidate. But the papers tell us that Butler delegates were elected, nevertheless. ...-Prof. J. D. Whitney in The American Naturalist asks: “Are we drying up?’ He thinks we are; but, judging from the vigor with which the campaign is opening, we should say No. .... The Republicans of Oneida District have done themselves honor in nominating Judge William J. Bacon. He ought to have been in Congress twenty years ago. .... The aged and feeble Seymour is compelled to carry the burden of Tilden in the next elec- tion. As if Aneas had jumped on the shoulders of Anchises. ....The Catholic Review says that “the in- terior has three naves.”? The Alliance will re- gard this as an illiterate exaggeration. ....Turkey has a new Sultan, and nobody cares. Servia has had a defeat, and deserved it. ....-Don’t use the word supposititious, much less suppositious, in the sense of imaginary. Acligions ISntelligence. In 1869 there were in the Southern Presbyterian Church only four churches hay- ing over 400 members. Now there are eleven, of which Dr. Palmer’s, in New Orleans, has 700; Dr. Brookes’s, in St. Louis (if that can properly be called South- ern Presbyterian), has 625; Mr. Hoyt’s, of Nashville, 604; Dr. Robinson’s, of Louisville, 528; Dr. Markham’s, of New Orleans, 526; Dr. Hoge’s, of Richmond, 523; Mr. Murkland’s, of Baltimore, 510; and four others which have between four and five hundred. There are 18 churches having from three to four hundred members and 54 having between two and three hundred. Mr. Murkland’s church, in Balti- more, gives the largest contributions to beney- olent objects—$12,700 ; and Dr. Palmer’s next— $7,018; and ten others gave over $3,000. An article by Dr. E. D. Junkin, from which we get these statistics, introduces a curiosity in the way of ecclesiastical figures, by giving a list of stingy churches. Thus the church in Ash- pole, N. C., with a membership of 416, gives in benevolence only $110; that at Prospect, N. C., with 330 members, gives but $45; and Bethesda, N. C., with 210 members, gives but $8. But North Carolina does not monopolize all the poverty or the niggardliness, for of three churches in Missouri, Boonville, with 202 mem- bers, gives but $48, and Fulton, with 350 mem- bers, and Columbia, with 228 members, gave each $00 for all benevolent objects; which seems to show that when the Scriptures prom- ise that he that watereth shall be watered again the blessing does not refer toa church’s growth in mere numbers. »»»eHere isa specimen of the lingering in- tolerance or, perhaps, red-tape-ism of Japan, which we find in The Examiner and Chronicle. A woman had died as a Christian convert, and wished to have her funeral services conducted in the Christian manner. Her husband’s con- fession of fault tells the rest of the story: ** CONFESSION. “On the 9th day of May, 1876, my wife Misu died from an illness. Thesaid Misu, having for some time back been a believerin the religion of Jesus, left word with me, when at the point of death, that she wished application to be made to the teacher Nicolai to perform her funeral ceremonies. With the intention of carrying out her request, I, on the 11th of May, reported the above particulars at my parish temple of Yenriuji,at Asabu. Being told at the temple to send in a written petition, I at once did so, but was told that the priest of #he said temple was then absent; and so the mat- ter was not settled. At this momenta large number of people who had come to the funeral were in waiting, and as it was also impossible to keep the corpse unburied for several days, I did not conform to the regulations touching on the matter, but willfully carried out the funeral according to the rites of the religion of Jesus. For this I am heartily sorry. “JULY 7th. ‘* SENTENCE OF THE COURT. “Upon the death of your wife Misu you dis- regarded the public proclamation, and, with- out reference to the Shint6d or Buddhist priests, beng buried her according to the rites of the religion of Jesus. For this offense you have rendered yourself liable to thirty days’ hard labor; but, instead thereof, you are sen- tenced to the mitigated penalty of a fiue of 2 yen 2 sen,” .-».For the past three years there has existed a serious feud among the Baptists of Germany. It had its rise in a quarrel with the parent church in Hamburgh and resulted in the with- drawal of some members and the organization ofanewchurch. The parent church, by its in- fluence, threw the new church out of the asso- ciation, and Jaid down rules that would prevent the recognition of the church by any other church. At the late triennial meeting of the General Association it was required of the local association that they meet the excluded church and attempt a reconciliation. This was done unsuccessfully. Two or three others were then added to confer with them; and, at last, after several hours’ conference, when the remaining brethren were nearly worn out with the pro- tracted prayer-meeting which they were con- tinuing for God’s blessing on the labor for peace, the parties returned with the report that they had come to satisfactory terms. The whole German Baptist Union now includes 110 churches, with 22,504 members and 1,296 preaching stations. During the past three years 4,874 have been baptized. The expensive China mission will be given up, and the German Baptists will confine their foreign missions to Russia, where their work has great success. The Baptists there are called Stundists. ...-The Free Church Association of the Protestant Episcopal church has published its first annual report. The executive council has occupied itself in holding public meetings, in causing sermons to be preached, and in pre- paring and priuting tracts or papers. The in- augural meeting was held Jan. 24th, 1876, at the Church of the Holy Trinity, Philadelphia, and monthly meetings have since then been held in Philadelphia. Five publications have been issued: ‘‘An Appeal for Freedom of Worship in our Churches’’; “Suggestions for making Churches Free and Abandoning Pew Rents”’; ‘‘ Reasons for Contributing Liberally in the Weekly Offertory’’’ ‘‘God’s Truth against Pew Rents ’’; ‘‘ Pew Rents do not Sup- port Churches.” Sixteen bishops have become patrons. There are 104 clerical members, 12 lay life members, 94 annual members. The free-church experiment here in New York has been, on the whole,a notable success and it has been the means of great good. ...-Dean Stanley has been preaching and taking part in the service again ina Presby- terian church in Scotland, and The English Churchman rebukes him thus : “The Dean’s motive for thus ignoring the exist- ence north of the Tweed of a body answering in all essential particulars to that of whieh he is a member and a minister in the South it is difficult to imagine ; for, although Dr. Stanley holds views which would, perhaps, find less favor in the Episcopal Church of Scotland than among his brethren here, he would without difficulty obtain an opportunity of exercising his office and ministry in some of the churches of the country, if such were his desire. It is, however, only too painfully evident that the Dean has other aims, and thus it must be ad- mitted with sorrow that the communion which our bishops maintain with the sister church is deliberately broken,for the sake of a fiction which it may flatter Dr. Stanley’s vanity to keep up, but which must appear to thoughtful men to be utterly contemptible.” This last sentence is rather mysterious. ...-Bishop Whipple, although his health is not very good, deems it his duty to serve on the commission of the Sioux, to which he has been appointed. - As he sets out, he commends the Faribault Divinity School to the hearts and pockets of Episcopalians in these earnest words : ‘You know how long I have worked for my Gavia school ; you do not know the blessed work it has done ; you do not know how much it is needed to train men for these whitened 19 fields. I can say, without a doubt, that it is worthy of the contidence and love of the Ch . I know that the men we educate do receive clear, definite teaching in the old truths. We have had many applications for the next year. We dare not refuse them. Last year our receipts fell off almost half, and it added a burden I could ill afford. May I ask the aid of friends. God knows I would not, if I could, take one dollar from other work ; but if any can aid me I shall be deeply grateful and will pray God to reward the giver.’ --..-The major excommunication is being used just now pretty freely. Sivce Cardinal Ledochowski was expelled from his diocese for disobedience to the German laws some of his curés have given in their submission. The Cardinal has ordered them instantly to retract their promise to the Government, ou penalty of suspension and the major excommunication. In Rome the Pope has already passed the sentence of this major excommunication on all the members of the society established in Italy for the purpose of restoring to the election of the people the offices of priests, bishops, and popes. ...A Baptist paper reports a meeting of the Choctaw and Chickasaw Association, of Indian Territory, held in the Nun-ny-chaha church, whose pastor’s name is not given, but whose clerk is Hopakintubby. The meetings were held in a grove, as the church was too small. It is reported that the women in attendance gen- erally wore clean clothing and that the men had ribbons or feathers in their hats. During the session a wedding ceremony was performed, openicg with six verses of the Choctaw version of ‘‘Oh! for a closer walk with God!” and ending with the hymn ‘Show pity, Lord, O Lord, forgive!”’ ....Duriog the past four months the Roman Catholics in the province of Szechuen, China, have been the victims of a persecution of a very bitter kind. The remonstrances of the French legation have been quite unavailing. At other places the telegram brings reports of the massacre of priests and converts, and the Protestants have not entirely escaped. There ap- pears to be arevival of the hatred of foreigners, and the failure to make proper redress for the murder of Mr. Margary is another indication of this hostility. ....By the resignation of the Rt. Rev. Dr. Adams, the missionary bishop of New Mexico, but one clergyman of the Episcopal Church is left in that field. The Rev. F. O. Barstow, who has charge of the stations at Messilla and Las Cruces, writes that with more men the church could do a great work. The increase of Amer- ican population, from the completion of new railways in the territory, promises to be large. Three-fourths of the population are Mexicans and Roman Catholics. ...-As an illustration of what a faithful minister can do in the line indicated by us last week we notice that the Rev. L. Groh during the five years that he has been pastor at Boy- erstown, Bucks County, Pa., has educated from his congregation five young men, who are now Lutheran ministers like himself, and has four more young men either in college or the seminary fitting for the ministry, besides several others preparing themselves for ‘other pro- fessions. ....Why the revival in Waco, Texas, should have come to an end we do not see. It was in progress 81 days (they reckon such things to an hour in the Southwest) and concluded with about forty forward for prayers. There were ‘about 370 conversions ’’ and ‘‘152 baptized,”’ and the meeting was ‘conducted entirely by Deacon W. E. Penn,’’ Methodist, we believe ; and we are glad to learn that he “‘ seems to be no way exhausted by the long-protracted effort.” ...-The Metropolitan of Canada (Bishop Oxenden ) will preach at the consecration of the Rev. W. 8. Perry as Bishop of Iowa, which is to take place at Geneva, N. Y., on the 10th inst. Bishop Stevens will act in the stead of the presiding bishop, and Bishops Coxe and Kerfoot will present the bishop-elect. .«.The Swedenborgians are not disconsolate over the loss of the Rev. Mr. Barrett. The New Jerusalem Messenger thinks the denomination is lucky in having ‘‘got‘rid of the most trouble- some part’’ of the ferment in the New Church. It is ever thus. We remember how suddenly Mr. Hepworth’s loss became a gain. ...-Last Sunday a large number of the city churches that had been closed were opened, or the regular pastors resumed their labors. The tower of the Broadway Tabernacle was found to require extensive repairing, and that church will remain closed for some weeks longer. ...-It will be remembered that Garcia Mo- reno, president of the Republic of Equador was assassinated some time ago. His successor _is equally satisfactory to the Pope, Who has sent him a letter of congratulation and apos- tolical benediction. ..»»There are 792 Anglican churches in Lon- don, and of these 211. have daily service, 240

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[September 7, 1876

have free seats, and 144 are open for private prayer. ---»Dr. Mylne, the new Bishop of Bombay, was installed in the cathedral church of St, Thomas, Bombay, on Thursday, July 6th. ..-The restoration of Chester Cathedral, England, is now complete, after eight years’ work. It was reopened August 8th. ..The new Anglican church at Spa, Bel- gium, was consecrated August 8d.

SARATOGA. SARATOGA is becoming as famous for its great political gatherings as for its mineral waters. If coming hither would only cleanse and purify the corrupt tricksters and machine wirepullers of all parties, it would be healthful and beneficial for the whole army of them to come, domicil, and drink and soak in Congress, Hathorn, Clarendon, and Geyser until after election. But a chronic politician is a hard subject to deal with, physically or otherwise. Water— internal, external, or eternal, from Abana, Pharpar, or Saratoga—would doubtless fail utterly, in most cases, to give real health to these afflicted ones. Nothing but fire—the only sovereign remedy for political diseases —can have much effect. Political doctors must not forget one solemn fact in dealing with political patients from the water-cure standpoint. They won't, as a general thing, drink water at all—either pure and simple, from the Croton reservoir, or mineral and medicinal, from the fount- ains of Saratoga. Nothing of that sort straight can be forced down their throats. It is not the proper channel for that fluid and it won’t go down. Water un- mixed with whisky or some other kindred spirit is as unnatural toa genuine politi- cian as air is to a fish. The Simon-pure Democracy of the Em- pire State—which means, of course, men of every stripe and ring, down to and in cluding the Tilden-and-Morrissey school of “reformers ”"—have met, nominated and elected Horatio Seymour governor of the State of New York for two years from the first day of Januarynext. They have actu- ally counted the ballots in every city, town, and village, and find him elected almost unanimously. The only difficulty about the matter is that this great patriot won’t stay nominated and elected. He won't stand by his ‘friends ” in their extremity, and has permitted them all to adjourn, de- part in perfect peace, and go home in bliss- ful ignorance of his determination ‘‘ not to be a candidate for any office.” Those who fully understand all the moves laugh most heartily, and tell you that Tilden has the reins and means to drive the black horse all the time. They think he can see-more and further than the whole cabal which has met, fought, and endeavored to defeat his own private plans. The great ‘‘ reform- er” cannow do as he pleases. He knows every mother’s son of the state committee, just elected, and they all say to him: ‘* Yours truly.’’ It looks to me, here, the day after adjournment, that the back of the Democratic party is broken. If the tepublicans from Maine to Oregon, in- cluding Hayes and Wheeler and E. D. Morgan, are not jubilant to-day, I am greatly mistaken. They ought to be. The waters of Saratoga were never more popuiar or more used than now. If the times were better, more, of course, would be drank here and elsewhere; but the con- sumption is steadily increasing. The demand seems to be the greatest for Congress and Hathorn in the morning and for Clarendon during the day, the latter being regarded as a most excellent tonic. Crowds of peo- ple visit these springs daily, and all speak of their healthful effects. The other springs —the Star, Excelsior, Columbian, Washing- ton, and many others—are visited daily by many, and their waters are freely used; but they are not so popular, whatever may be their merits. Just now the Geyser Springs are coming rapidly into notice. There are two of them—one (the ‘‘ champion spouter”) throwing its waters from thirty to fifty feet high; and another (a spouter also) whieh is more modest in its pretensions and show. The.waters of both of these springs have powerful cathartic qualities and are quite pleasant to the taste. We meet visitors here who have been pil- grims to Saratoga for twenty, thirty, and even forty years. They come to partake of

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these healing and refreshing waters and to rest. Most, if not all, will and do testify that they always get what they come for. We ourselves believe, after no little ex- perience, that of all public watering-places Saratoga stands pre-eminently at the head in its attractions. The hotels of this city are not excelled, if equaled, in any other place on the globe. They are large, airy, magnificent, com- fortable, and, as a whole, are splendidly kept. Noreasonable man or woman can find fault with any of them. The Grand Union, United States, Congress Hall, and the Clarendon stand at the head, and dur- ing the busy season—July and August— they quarter a small army of visitors. There are many other hotels, perhaps equally good and as well kept; but they are not as large and not so centrally located. The season, as a whole, has not been profitable with the hotels. During August, however, they have been much better patronized and have saved themselves from loss. The Grand Union, United States, and Clarendon all claim that they have made some money, particularly the latter, which aims to secure permanent, quiet family visitors, There is no place in the country more popular with clergymen than Saratoga. 4 Here they can drink and drink and drink, and feel the better for it. They come hither of every name, sect, and.creed; and there is indeed a grand union among them all. They preach and they lecture, they talk and they laugh, they eat well and they sleep well, and they go home well at the end of their vacation, Would that thou- sands more who are less favored could come here also for the rest and physical help which they need, They would be happier, stronger, and more useful by so doing. a. OC. B. SARATOGA, August 31st, 1876.

Publ isher’ $ Department. SOOTHING AND HEALING, we might with truth add certainly curing in every case. No remedy known equals Coe’s Cough Balsam for Coughs, Colds, Croup, and Consumption. It is an old and tried friend and always proves true.

BurRNET?r’s FLAVORING EXTRACTS are used and endorsed by the best Hotels, Con fectioners, Grocers, and the first families in the country. HOW TO STOP YOUR PAPER, Tue INDEPENDENT 1s sent to subscribers untii an explicit order to stop it is received. If a subscriber wishes to stop his paper, do not direct the postmaster to return your paper. That will not stopit. Do not write upon it and return it yourself. That lays you liable toa fine. There are three ways to stop it: 1st. When you subscribe state that you wish the paper to stop at the expiration of the time paid for. 2d. If you did not so expressly order, send a postal-card to reach us any time before the expiration. 3d. If you have neglected these two simple methods, and the time to which you have paid is past, send a letter enclosing pay for each paper issued since your subscription expired, at the rate of eight cents a copy or thirty-three and one-third cents a monty. It your paper does not stop promptly thereupon you may be assured your leiter has been miscarried; and, to test the fact, send a “postal” at once, that measures may be instituted for finding it or recovering the money.

OUR WESTERN OFFICE. Our advertising friends in the West will see by referring to page 12 that Mr. Wm. L. Heaton, former manager of the office of Tue INDEPENDENT in Chicago, has resumed that position, owing to the retirement of Mr. John P. Fisk. Mr. Heaton will be found at 159 Dearborn street, Chicago

The young lady who had a thousand acres of valuable land, which the young man said was sufficient grounds for attach- ment, did not marry as well as the young lady, without a fortune, who had learned to discard all kinds of Saleratus or Soda save Herrick Allen’s Gold Medal, which his no equal on this or the other Continent. Go ye young ladies and do likewise, and Dame Fortune will smile on you ‘also. Everybody retails it and most of the wholesale grocers wholesale it, Depot 112

A THEORY BORNE OUT BY FACTS. THE theory that lack of vigor is the un- derlying cause of disease is receiving daily confirmation of the most positive kind in the cure of dyspepsia, liver disorders, and kidney, bladder, and uterine complaints by Hostetter’s Stomach Bitters, the ruling rem- edy for maladies attributable to weakness. This superb tonic is never employed with- out the most beneficial effects. The liver, the bowels, the organs of urination, and, indeed, the entire system acquires both vig- or and regularity through its action, since it gives a healthful impetus to every failing function. It is an incomparable specific for chills and fever and other maladies of a malarial type, prevents their attacks, isa reliable means of counteracting the effects of undue exposure or fatigue, ‘and soothes as well as strengthens the nervous organ- ism. I — Dr. Hunter’s Lecture on Throat and Lung Diseases, delivered and published by request of a committee of citizens of Chica- go, will be sent free, on application. To such as desire an opinion on their cases a list of questions will also be sent with the lecture. Address RopertT Hunter, M.D., Lakeside Building, Clark st., Chicago, I.

MOODY AND SANKEY’S “GOSPEL HYMNS AND SACRED SONGS.”

In our issue of October 28th we gave notice that the price of THe INDEPENDENT would be reduced from and after that date to $3—postage being paid by us; and also that we would present to each person sending us a year’s subscription in advance & copy of Moody and Sankey’s ‘‘ Gospel Hymns and Sacred Songs,” postage free. We are pleased to state that from the time the offer was made immense orders for this popular book have been sent us by old and new subscribers, and we are daily sending them to all parts of the country and Canada. There will be no delay what- ever, after this, in filling orders. Subscri- bers can depend upon the book being sent from our office within 24 hours after the receipt of their order. Churches, lecture- rooms, families, and private individuais can now have this new revival hymn and tune book as a gratuity on subscribing for or re- newing their subscription to THe INDE- PENDENT. Those who desire this or any other premium must designate specially what they want; otherwise none will be sent.

SEND NO MONEY BY MAIL. WE desire to caution our subscribers not to send money by mail, but either procure a Money Order, Registered Letter, or Check. eee “PROVIDENCE” WRINGER. ATTENTION is particularly called to the very liberal offer of the “ Providence” Wringer, in Premium Notices page, from which it will he seen we now give away this Wringer for 8 new subscribers, with $9, or a renewal of an old subscription (not in arrears) 3 years, with $9; the regular price of the Wringer being $8.

Dr. Lyon’s Tooth Tablets. An elegant toilet luxury.

WHEN visiting New York or Centennial stop at Grand Union Hotel, opposite Grand Central-Depot, and save carriage and bag- age express. European plan. 350 rooms, Decasarans first-class. Prices moderate, Elevator, steam, all modern improvements

BUSINESS NOTICES. HAIR DYE. BATCHELOR’S CELEBRATED HAIR DYB best n the world. The inventor has used this splendid Hair Dye for 37 years, with benefit to the hair and no injury to his health—proof that it is the only true and ect Dye. Harmless, reliable, instantaneous. No disappointment; no ridiculous tints; remedies the ill effects of bad dyes; leaves the hair soft and beau. tiful Black or Brown. Sold and properly applied at BATCHELOR’S Wig Factory, No. 16 nd street, N Y. Sold by ail druggists. BALD HEADS can be covered with a piece exactly fitted to the Bala spot, so perfect and with work so ingeniously con. trived ps $0 eypese each hair rt issuing from the skin, the hair being exactly of the — shade ane exture as the growing hair. They ar rfec cannot be detected. Made only at BA’ CH HELOWS celebrated Wig Factory, No. 16 Bond st., New York.

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BY SYRUP BROMIDE OF CHLORAL. This preparation never fails to relieve the most severe cases of neuralgia and nervous headache, produces sieep, and absolutely certain to allay all neryous excitement. It cures the nervous excite- ment caused by strong drink and ceetore the ppe- tite torthe same. Prepared by W. ADDERLEY, ee Cincinnati, Ohio. Price 50 cents per bott FANCY COODs. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL. C. F. A. HINRICHS, IMPORTER AND DEALER, 29 1°33 Park Place, New York Outdoor Sports—Archery, Cricket, Croquet, Baseballs, Lawn Tennis (the new game). Kleeman’ 8. St. Germain Lamps Sole pieeioey French C an Bronzes, Parian Statuary,

China RAD and Dinner Sets, Glassware, etc. rthday and Wedding Presents. — ~F. Krutina. OFFERS HIS LARGE AND ELEGANT 8TOCK OF FURNITURE, OF THE LATEST DESIGNS, ---EASTLAKE STYLE--- GREATLY REDUCED PRICES. WAREROOMS AND MANUFACTORY 96 AND 98 EAST HOUSTON ST. FURNITURE. BRAMAN, SHAW & (C0., ar ig ee ng and Dealers in PARLOR FURNI- TURE, Sofas, Lounges, Tables, Easy and Reclining Chairs, and Twenty Different Patterns of Parlor Chairs. tudents’ Chairs, Barbers’ Chairs, Lodge Fur- niture, and Church Furniture, ESROOMS, 27 Sudbury, 69 & 71 Portland st., Bostou, Amateur Workers can find everything they desire in RARE AND FANCY WOODS and four BEAL D S EAUTIFUL DESIGNS. Send 3e. oreo for our new and enlarged catalogue and price-list (fourth edition just issued) to CEO. W. READ & CO., 1s0 to WO Lewis St., foot of Sth to 6th sts., KE. R., N.Y. ART of PROPAGATIO Prices Unprecedented. Low fearee 7 Grapes, Reedling®, Evergreens, etc. Send for catalogue now. NK INS, Nursery, Winona, Col. Cu., Ohio. AND DEFORMITIES removed. Ro — need or loss of blood. By PHELPS, Corry, Pa. Pres a CIRCULAR SENT FREE.

ABooik on Rapid == cation of

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yvennnas PAT. Ww. CLOSETS.

JENNINGS’ PATENT SIX- | PERSON URINAL.

Liberty street, New York. 94 Beekman Street; - =< | JENNINGS Ld MB SAND TIP-UP | VATORY

JENNINGS! PATENT | JENNINGS’ PAT CRADLE- TOR, LIPPED URINAL. — ’ DISINFECTOR. ) terials, all of which are NOVELTIES and SPECIALTIES having the special object of phere dH we tat sewer-gas in dwellings. Full information in circulars sent on application JENNINGS’ SANITARY DEPOT, A. G. MYERS a - Toe Works 9 and 11 Hague Street, += %* . % NEW YORK.

{Patented Made on on FIL! WE or Bin chang made Co., F to su] Facn | twent: cover on it ornan like deliv: dolla’ ceipt each the F

Page 21

K OF ue ph September 7, 1876]. CRUMB’S IMPROVED HARD-RUBBER POCKET INHALER! For all Catarrhal and Throat Af- fections, ‘ The Ozonized Inhalant saturating the m packing A reacts on the genarator B evolving remedial vapors, which, in- haled by nozzles CC, or Mouth-Piece D eradicate all disease and inflammation from the membranes of Head and Throat, certainly curing Catarrh, Head- ache, Bronchitis, Clergymen’s Sore Throat, Loss of Voice, Asthmatical Affections, and Foul Breath. Easily managed. Sold by druggists or mailed you with Inhalant for3 months on re- ceipt of $2.00. y Sate | Ze bs R. W. R. CRUMB, Agt. Patented 1873.) All letters soliciting advice on HRONIC Duenaaee gould enclose $1 for reply. Address b R. CRUMB, Buffalo, N. Y. Lock-Box 37. DID YOU TRY THE RICE-FLOUR Toilet Soap? If not,do so atonce. It is sple for summer use—mild, wholesome, and elegantly per- fumed; just what is wanted to overcome the natural oil which exudes from the body. Sold everywhere Made only by ROBINSON BROS. & CO. Boston. ene FILES FOR THE INDEPENDENT. WE have had so many inquiries for Files or Binders for THe INDEPENDENT since the change to its present form that we have made arrangements with Koch, Sons & Co., patentees of the best Binder in use, to supply those who may desire them, Fach File or Binder will conveniently hold twenty-six numbers — half a year. The cover bas “ THE INDEPENDENT” embossed on it in large gilt letters, making it quite ornamental and looking in every respect like a handsome volume. They will be delivered at our office on the receipt of one dollar each, or sent (postpaid) on the re- ceipt of one dollar and twenty-five cents each (the usual price is $1.50). A cut of the File or Binder is given below: card ‘MS&06 Lhe 4 - K S&Co's 4 + - MUSIC et r 4 : 7 PAPER FILE. } \ ey anes i THE INDEPENDENT. CLUBBING ARRANGEMENTS. 1876. Prrsons desiring to order other pneriod- icals will find it to their advantage to send their subscriptions through this office. Any of the following publications will be supplied, in connection with Tat LNDEPEND- ENT, on receipt of the sum named in ad- dition to the regular rates given for THE INDEPENDENT These periodicals will be sent from the offices of the respective publishers, without premiums, postage paid. Reg. Price, Agriculturist......ccccccsscsscseeSl 30 $1 50 Appleton’s Journal (Weekly).... 3 60 4 00 Atlantic Monthly........cccce0e. 360 400 Christian at Work............00. 3 00 3 00 Demorest’s Magazine............ 2 60 8 00 Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Weekly 3 60 4 0C Harper’s Magazine........ce0-00. 3600 4 OH Harper's Weekly...escee- cesseee 3 60 4 0C Harper’s Bazar..sccrcccscecesess» 3 60 4 00 Home Jourmal.......cscscseseees 260 88 .0G Ladies’ Floral Cabinet (with steea engraving ‘‘The Rustic WHOGth icc evessiegieitecs E10 18 Ladies’ Journal ....cccscccsescece 5 60 4 00 Lippincott’s Magazine.......0... 560 400 Littell’s Living Age.....cccccsce ¢ 50 8 00 National Sunday-school Teacher. 1 00 156 Popular Science Monthly.........460 506 St. Nicholas Magazine........... 2 7 5 00 Scribner’s Monthly..... sseseeee. 360 8400 Sunday Magazine......ssesseeees 230 2% The Galaxy...ccscdécceses csssecce 8 60.. 400 The Nation (new subs.)...........4 7% 5 20 The Nursery, (new subs.)........ 1 35 1 60 The Illustrated Christian Weekly.. 225 250 Presbyterian Quarterly (newsubs.)310 8 60 international Review (new subs.). 4 50 5 00 Turf, Field, and Farm............ 4 50 5 00 Forest and Stream.............00. 4 50 5 00 Eclectic Magazine......,-sceeeeee 450 500 Waverley Magazine......ssse50.. 450 500 N. Y, Sem:-Weekly vost.......... 260 3800 {3 POSTMASTERS and others desir. ing to act as agents can receive further information vy applying to us. J THE INDEPENDENT®, THE INDEPENDENT For 1876, POSTAGE FREE! will continue to furnish more good articles, from eminent men and women, than any weekly newspaper in the country ; and its nu- merous and able editorial departments will be maintained and strengthened as occasion may demand. The paper has been so long established that it has won to itself not only a large and stable constituency of readers, but an exceptionally brilliant staff of editorial writers and other contributors. Every number of THe INDEPENDENT has something in it for every member of a house- hold. First of all, it is a religious journal, and aims to chronicle and discuss the various questions pertaining to personal and ecclesiastical Chris- tianity in an intelligent and helpful way. Its less distinctively religious columns yet try to unite the highest literary merit with the soundest political and social morality. Its various departments discuss every week the new books of the day, the current literary news, the latest discoveries in science, the most prominent art topics, educational matters of interest, agricultural aflairs, and the com- mercial outlook, Its Sunday-school depart- ment, its column of the latest results of bibli- cal research, and its record of clerical changes are of great value to the minister and the household. Then, too, the children like to read its juvenile stories. Its market reports nave for years been the leading authority for the great majority of merchants in the interior cities and towns and have been largely copied imto other journals, PREMIUMS! POSTACE FREE! MOODY AND SANKEY’S HYMN AND TUNE BOOK, “Gospel Hymns and Sacred Songs.” We propose for a limited period to present a copy of Moody and Sankey’s “Gospel Hymns and Sacred Songs,’’ postpaid,to every new or old sub- scriber (not in arrears) to THE INDEPENDENT who shall send us $3. We shall register the names of all parties as received and shall send off the books promptly and in order, as thus entered. The books will be delivered to city subscribers at our Office, and also to all others who make their subscrip- tions at our counter. Churches, lecture-rooms, fami- lies, and private individuals can now have this new revival hymn and tune book as a gratuity on subscrib- ing for or renewing their subscription to THE LINDE- PENDENT. Those who desire this or any other premium must designate specially what they want otherwise none will be sent LINCOLN AND HIS CABINET, OR FIRST READING OF THE EMANCIPA- TION PROCLAMATION. Size 26 by 36 Inches. This is a magnificent Steel Engraving by RITCHID (one of the largest and most perfect engravings ever executed in this country) from F. B. CARPENTER’S celebrated painting, and contains most striking and perfect likenesses of President Lincoln and his Cab- inet—viz., Secretaries Chase, Seward, Stanton, Bates, Smith, Blair, and Welles. Only two of these men, who bore so conspicuous parts in the terrible drama ot the War for the Union, are now living, and the preservation of faithful “ counterfeit presentments ” of those noble patriots is becoming day by day a measure of duty, as well as of gratification. We have given away as premiums over 16,000 of these en- gravings, and still present them to subscribers for TuE INDEPENDENT on the following terms: MO inchuding the above Wngraving- ne ne 88 35 Renewal of an Old Subscription for 2 qt in ad above SOOO ee ee ee ee eeeereseroeae te eseressrees POSTACE FREE! AUTHORS of the UNITED STATES. ONE OF THE FINEST AND MOST CELE- BRATED STEEL ENGRAVINGS. Size 24 by 38% Inches. This large and magnificent Engraving by Mr. Ritchie from Hick’s eautiful oil painting, presents good- sized and finely-e: ited lik of the following distinguished Authors of the United States: ATT RITCHI A PRENTICE, G. W. ERMAN, HAWTHORNE, WIN, EMERSO: rise Lowsiiy BORER’ Bavano Tatton WHITTIER, '‘AYLOR, BaxXE, STODDARD, . AMELIA WELBY, GALLA- GHER, CozzENs, HALLECK. & We believe this to be one of the most valuable pre- miums ever offered by any periodical for one suo- soriber. We have already given away more than 14,000 copies of this beautiful work of art as pre- miums, and sb@ll 4ontinue to present them 10 sute soribers for THE INDEPENDENT on the following terms: 1 Sebserber. one year, in advance, postage A renewal of an Old Subscription for two ier. in advance, postage free, including POSTACE FREE! CHARLES SUMNER. Size 14 by 18 Inches. The new and magnificent Steel Engraving of Charies Sumner by the great artist, Ritchie, is completed and ready for delivery. Our subscribers and friends will b> a understand that they can have this splendid work of art by sending us the name of one new subscriber, with $3.50, or by renewing their sub- scriptions for one year (if not in arrears) and sendin us the same amount, or for a two-years’ renewal an $6- in advance, or for two new subscribers and 6.00 in advance. is new and perfect engravin: alone (without THE INDEPENDENT) is well wo from $5 to $10, as similar engravings usually sell at the print stores. GRANT AND WILSON. Size 14 by 18 Inches. Mr. Ritchie nas engraved for us accurate and beautiful Steel Engravings of President Grant and Vice-President Wilson. e will send both of these fine works of art to subscribers for THE LINDEPEND- ENT on the following terms: 1 Subscriber, one year, in advance, postage free, including both of the above Engravings..$3.00 EDWIN M. STANTON. Size 14 by 18 Inches. We have beautiful Steel Engravings (from a plate made by Mr. Ritchie) of the famous War Secretary of Mr. Lincoln’s Cabinet—FEdwin M. Stanton. The work san accurate likeness of one of the most conspicu- ous characters of our late Rebellion and is ming more and more valuable. We will present it to sub- scribers for THE INDEPENDENT on the following rms: 1 Subscriber, one year, in advance, postage free, including the above Engraving............ 33 00 CARPENTER’S BOOK, SIX MONTHS AT THE WHITE HOUSE WITH ABRAHAM LINCOLN, This book is a faithful and graphic narrative of the scenes, events, and conversations which transpired within the cognizance of its author, while residing at the White House, engaged on his famous. eco ng “The Emancipation Prociamation.” We will present this book to subscribers for TKE INDEPENDENT on the following terms: 1 Subscriber, one year, in advance, postage free, including the above book... ~......eeeee 83.50 ‘6 PROVIDENCE”? WRINGER. We havea contract with the manufacturers of the “Providence Wringer,” by which we offer their very best “‘Cog-Wheel Machine” (cash price $8) to any person who will send us the names of three NEW subscribers, with the monev. $3.00 each. ($9.00 in all), in advance; or wao will renew their own sub- scriptions for three years tn advance and pay us 249.00. The “Wringer” will be delivered at our office or seni by express, as may be directed. tz See Advertisement. on page 31 of this issue Special Notice.—Subscribers for THE INDEPEND- ENT are particularly requested not to pay money to persons representing themselves as seen until they receive the Premium and our regular Form of Certifi- cate, bearing , Fa ony 8! — of the Publisher, guaranteeing the sending © e@ paper. dress HENRY O. BOWEN, Publisher * The Independent,” P.-O0. Box 2787, New York City WESTERN OFFICE: 159 Dearborn St., Chicago, Ml WILLIAM L. HEATON, Manager. The Independent. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. Remittances must be made in_Money Orders. Bank Checks. or Drafts. if possinie. When neither of these can be procured, send the money in a Iegistered etter The present registration system is virtually an abso- hate protection against losses by mail, and ai Post- masters are obliged to register letters whenever re- uested to do so Numbers, in advance (postage free)... 83.90. “ - - 1.00. “ after 3 m0s., re 3.50 oe after 6 mos... — # . 4.06. ort subscriptions 10 cen week. Pp P are forwarded until an explicit orderis jived by the Publisher for their discontinuance, and — payment of all arrearages is made as re- i 1 t by mail. “4 ay SAMPSON LOW & CO., No. 188 Fleet strect, are our Agents -- Cramaionee to receive subscriptions and advertisemen HENRY 0. BOWEN, Editor. Publisher, and Proprietor. P.O. Box 2787. New York City NEWSPAPER DECISIONS. 1.—Anv person who takes a paper regularly frum the ffice—whether directed to his name or arother’s or hee ape ne _ supscribed or not—is responsible r the meni a fs Se ersoa orders his paper discontinued, he must pav ail arrearages, or the publisher may con- tinue tosend it until payment is made. and collect the whole amount. wbhetner the paper is taken from the office or not 3.—Tbe courts have decided that refusing to take newspapers and periodicals from the post-office, or removing and leaving them uncalled for, is prima facie evidence of intentional fraud. RATES OF ADVERTISING. 4 lines to the inch, 200 lines to the column.) Or be y Adverti Last Page & Business Notices ltime........++-+ sss Be} ‘een gedescnecs aici" sect times (one month)... .70c. es (one month)... . 3 — (ire th ) - 2 oo = montas) a, “ “ “ si “ | . 4 * (twelve “ she. 52 “ (twelve “ fe TISEMENTD. times (one mon’ 1 a 4 e th)... .eeeeee of 18 times (three months)...... 90e. 6 six 5 jecccee 5c. et ree ~ ; Reeaccacpnsas ecsanscusocite PUBLISHER’sS NOTICES......ONE DOLLAR PER AGA’ ANCIALNOTICES. Two DOLLARS PER AGATE LINE i NOTICES.............F IFTY CENTS A shee AND Le os a —eees four lines, ; over that, Twenty-five cents a Payments for advertising must be madein advance HENRY C. BOWER, PUBLISHER AND PROPRIETOR. Address all letters to P. O. Box 2787, New York City, WESTERN OFFICE: 159 Dearborn 8&t., Chicago, Ill. WILLIAM L. HEATON Manager. 21 ADVERTISE, VALUE OF PRINTER'S INK. THOsE merchants .and other business men who want to smoothly should use a little printer’s ink. It is the best spe- cific we know of, and our columns ‘con- stantly show that the best and shrewd- est men use this popular remedy to ‘*keep things moving.” Five hundred or a thousand dollars paid out in ju- dicious advertising has in thousands of in- stances enabled business men to tide over @ storm and reach a safe harbor. To sit in silence, or groan Over events, or resolve to do nothing is palpable evidence of folly, or weakness, or both. The following will shuw what is thought of THE INDEPENDENT as an advertising me- dium: WESTERN OFFICE OF THE LORING & BLAKE?) ORGAN Co., Toledo, O., April 20, 1875. Ww. Ke TBATON. Esq., Manager, lll Monree Street Dear Sir :~ Experience in advertising extensively in religious and litical newspapers has proved K INDEPENDENT to be the most valuable to us, and we shall continue to_use its columns for advertising our Palace Organs. Yours trul U. LORING & BLAKE ORGAN CO. WHITNEY & CURRIER, Managers Western Office HENRY C. BOWEN, Esq. Dear Sir :—In November I commenced advertising in the Christian Union, Weekly Tribune, Graphic. rooklyn Eagle, and INDEPENDENT) my water-proo preparation, “Caoutchoncin,” and resolved that, if my returns from the advertisements were remunera- tive, I would increase my consumption of printers’ ink by advertising Stickwell & Co.’s Mucilage and Stafford’s Chemical Writing Fluid. Sufficient time has elapsed to enable me to forma correct opinion of the value of the above-named Papers as advertising media for specialties having mtrinsic value. Ihave derived more benefit from the advertisement in THE INDEPENDENT than from the combined advertisements of all the other above- named papers. Respesnr is; 8. 5. STAFFORD. hente, “18 Pearl Street, N. ¥ W. L. HEATON, EsQ., Gen’l Western Adv’g Ag’t for THE INDEPENDENT: Dear Sir:—The letters 1 received from my adver- tisement in THE INDEPENDENT in regard to the In- falible Five Killers have averaged (20) twenty a day for the past (6) six months. The on eon- tinued my advertisement in throug months. It is doubtiess one of the many best adver- tising mediums. Very truly yours, R. P. SMITH, Nov. 23d, 1874. P.-O. Box 657, New Albany, Ind. JOHN P. FISK, EsQ., Western Manager New York INDEPENDENT: Dear Sir :-—After trying your paper for a year, we desi: e to say that we eunsider our returns from it the lar est for the amount expended of any of our ad- vertisements, and we are advertising in over forty different periodicals. C. B. SALMON, Sec’y Eclipse Windmill Co., Beloit, Wis. LA’ PoRTE, IND., June 27th, 1874 MR. HENRY C. BOWEN, Publisher * THE INDEPENDENT”: Dear Sir:—I am hearing from the advertisement from all over the country. It is counting. It has al- ready twice paid for itself. Respectfully, 8. B. COLLINS, Prop’r “ Dr. 8. B. Collins’s Opium Antidote. YPSILANTI, MICH., April 25, 1874. Dear Sir :—We have had a large number of commu- nications referring to having noticed the advertise- ment, and we are well satisfied. A. G. STARR, Yours very truly, 8ec’y Beach Carriage Co. NEW YORK, May 2lst, 1873. MR. HENRY C. BOWEN Publisher N. ¥. INDEPENDENT: Dear Sir :—In answer to inquiries made in reference to our advertisementin your paper, we most cheer- fully say that we receive more returns from THE IN- DEPENDENT than ALL THE PAPERS COMBINED in which we advertise, now numbering nearly four hundred. It is needless to say that we consider it ene of the best mediums in the country. OSTER, Yours truly, J. M. F Manager “ Victor” S. M. Co HENRY C. BOWEN, EsqQ., New York: ur Sir :—L am well pleased with ‘THE INDEPEND- ENT. So farit has been the best religious weekly that I have used in all my advertising experience in plac- ing yd Painless Cure of the Opium and Morphine Habit before the public. F. E. MARSH. Yours truly, - Quincy, Mich. ADDITIONAL TESTIMONY. THE NATIONAL LIFE INS, CO.. of Washing- ton, D. C., state that out of 100 best and secular papers, selected and advertised in liberally at the time of the formation of the Company, E INDEPENDENT led the list in re- sponses. Often 60 letters out of every 100 referred to THE INDEPENDENT. WOVEN WIRE MATTRESS CO, say: “THE INDEPENDENT has done us the most good hitherto of any religious paper we have ever patronized.” AVERILL CHEMICAL PAINT CO.: “When we first commenced advertising in THE INDE- PENDENT it seemed as if two out ot every three men who called at our office to buy paint had INDEPENDENTS in their hands or kets or said they took the paper. Our extensive sales date from the time of our first advertising in THE IN- DEPENDENT.” FINANCIAL, a promtnons Banker, who advertises in all the New York pers, decided to tr NORTHWESTERN MUTUAL LIFE INS. CO.: “We have found THE INDEPENDENT the very best paper for insurance advertising in New York City.” A. PURRETTE SMITH, Publisher of Fashi or A 0. F. DAV1S (Land Commissioner, U. P. R. R.) says: “ THE LNDEPENDENT has been to me the most valuable of all the religious press.” B. K. BLISS & SON (Seedsmen): “The results of advertising in THE INDEPENDENT have sur. prised us—ex ing our anticipations. We es. teem it now one of our best mediums.” WILSON SEWING MACHINE CO., Cleve- land, Oh.o, state that, after inserting a 2ull-page advertisement, with illustrated matter, in n v 1 ation in New York. THE EPENDENT brought the number of C my for agencies and their advertise- realized the m men ost business. They state that ‘Y'HE INDEPENDENT has proved the best payingof the entire retigious press. ‘J.C. TILTON, of Pittsburgh, Pa. one of the larg- est advertisers in the country, says: ‘ My adver. tisement in THE INDEPENDENT has paid me better in proportion to cost than any other paper.’ , 8 L Lt NS. PF ous, Mo.: “Our ihustrated sdvertisement th did us more good than say paper we ever

Page 22

22 : THE INDEPENDENT. [September 7, 1876, NEW CARPETINGS, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL. Arnold, Constable & Go., BROADWAY, Corner {9th ST., nvite special attention to the very large additions made to their stocks of Fine Carpetings. WHOLE CARPETS in AXMINSTER, AUBUSSON, and SMYRNA, AT LOWER PRICES THAN FOR MANY YEARS. *“ FRENCH MOQUETTES,” “DURHAM AXMINSTERS,” (a new and very superior article), ROYAL WILTONS, and ENGLISH BODY BRUS- SELS. All the new and choice patterns in these goods. AMERICAN BRUSSELS and TAPESTRIES at ex- traordinary low prices. ENGLISH AND AMERICAN OILCLOTHS, WOVEN DRUGGETS, RUGS, and MATS, of every description, at VERY LOW PRICES. FALL IMPORTATION OF UPHOLSTERY GOODS, FURNITURE COVERINGS, LACE CURTAINS, etc., etc., NOW OPEN. N. B.— MATTRESSES, PILLOWS, WINDOW SHADES, etc., made to order at short notice. Broadway, Corner (9th St, W. Y. Financial, THE WAGES-FUND THEORY. By a ‘‘ Wages Fund” political economists do not mean the total wealth of a country, or all the capital employed in productive industry, but only that portion of it which is paid out to hired labor in the form of wages, and for the most part to that kind of hired labor which is engaged in the work of actual production. This is only a part of the capital devoted to the work of pro- duction, since another and frequently a much larger part is absorbed in the raw material and in the fixed form of invest- ment. A capitalist, for example, enters into a certain branch of manufacturing business, requiring for its prosecution three things—namely, a factory and its machinery, the raw material to be manufactured, and hired labor. Each one of these items in- volves an outlay of capital, and the capital spent on one cannot with reference to the thing to be produced, be spent on either of the others. The ‘‘ Wages Fund” of this capitalist will, in the outset and at every subsequent stage of the business, consist in that portion which is paid for hired labor. He invests it in labor for the same reason that governs him in investing another por- tion in the purchase of raw material. Labor receives it in the form of wages. It is the ** Wages-Fund” of that capitalist and con- stitutes the whole of his active demand for labor. How much will this supposed capitalist thus invest in labor? Just as much as he thinks necessary and profitable for the pur- pose he has in view, and no more. What will this be? This is a question of circum. stances, depending for its answer upon the aggregate amount of capital that he has to invest at all, upon the relative proportions of capital to be invested in the three elements of raw material, machinery, and labor, or the nature of the business in dis- tributing the investment among these elements, and upon the aggregate amount of his production Aeting in the light of these circumstances and consulting his own interest, he will buy just as much labor as he thinks he needs for the end he has in view. The capital with which he buys this labor is the whole of the ‘‘ Wages- Fund” which he supplies. It is hisdemand for labor; and beyond this he makes no demand. Now, what is true of this capitalist is substantially true of every other engaged in any form of productive industry and at the same time a purchaser of labor. Put all these producing capitalists together, and add together the several sums which each ex- pends in the purchase of labor, and we have, for the result, the aggregate ‘‘ Wages- Fund” supplied by the whole, and, hence, their demand for labor, taking no account now of that comparatively small amount which is paid for domestic services, etc. This fund, be it greater or less, increasing or decreasing, is the ‘‘ Wages-Fund” of society. Itis that part of its total wealth which is in the market to buy labor, and which, if its demand be supplied, will go into the possession of laborers. We may not be able to tell precisely what the amount is. In different countries or in the same country at different times it may be very different. Yet the analysis we have given shows that there is such a fund. The idea is not a fiction. How much labor will this fund buy? How many laborers will it employ? What is the average rate of wages it will pay? The first two questions are answered in general by saying that the fund in its pur- chasing demand for labor cannot exceed its own capacities. It cannot buy an indefinite amount of labor or employ an indefinite number of laborers. Its power in this re- spect is a limited power. The third question is answered by saying that the average rate of wages at any given time which this fund will pay depends on its proportion to the number of laborers who compete with each other for it If the number be disproportionately large, the wages-rate will fall. If it be disproportion- ately small, the rate will rise. This is sim- ply saying that wages follow the law of supply and demand. If the supply be greater than the demand, then wages fall; and if the demand be greater than the sup- ply, then wages rise. There is a relation of proportion as to the rate of wages be- tween the number of those who are the sellers of labor and the amount of the aggre- gate capital in the community which con- stitutes its ‘‘ Wages-Fund.” The average rate of wages will be according to the char- acter of this proportion. What it will bein any given country must depend on its in. dustrial organization, the kind of labor most prevalent, the degree to which the in dustrial system uses labor in its productions, the number of laborers seeking employment, and the amount of capital that is actually seeking labor. It is at last a question of supply and demand, as between the sellers and the buyers of labor. The whole history of the world conducts to this result, and we see no other that is permanently possible so long as a labor market is one of the phenomena of human trade. Political economy, in stating it, simply states a generalized fact. MONEY MARKET. THE decline in the current value of coal stocks continues to be the absorbing topic of discussion in Wall Street. There has never before been so terrible a collapse in values attended by so small a number of failures among the brokers. Indeed, there has been but one failure reported, thus far, in Broad Street; but the consequences of the drop in prices have been very serious, not- withstanding—only they have been borne by outside investors, and not by Wall Street spectlators. A good many people had sold out their Government securities, and invested the proceeds in the stocks of the Delaware, Lackawanna, and Western, the Delaware and Hudson, and the Central of New Jersey, for the sake of a higher rate of interest. All of these companies having paid 10 per cent. dividend, or, rather, 2} per cent. quarterly, the temptation to invest in them was very great. But the risk was also great, asthe unfortunate holders of these shares have learned to their cost. BEThe decline in New Jersey Central has been tremendous, Since March last it has fallen 75 per cent. ; and some of the ‘‘ bears,” who had the foresight to sell it, have made a good deal of money out of it. Some of them are still selling it ‘‘short,” and the current rumor of the Street is that the Com- pany will have to be put into the hands of a receiver, to save the interests of the bond- holders. In that case it may fall down as low as Erie, or Terre Haute, or Toledo, Wabash, and Western. The coal stocks, however, are not likely to be wiped out of existence while the mines in Pennsylvania continue to yield a supply of coal and the consumption of fuel is on the increase. In addition to the fall in the coal stocks, the general railroad securities were de- pressed by the announcement at the close of the week of a still further reduction in the rates of freight on the trunk lines to the West. But the reduction in the rates of freight assists business, and there is a brighter outlook for the fall trade than has been known before since 1873. The supply of money continues super- abundant for borrowers, and the Bank Statement of Saturday showed a much more favorable condition among the Associated Banks than had been looked for. The sur- plus reserve makes a gain of $1,524,775, the whole amount of the surplus above the required 25 per cent. being $22,774,550. The changes in the items of the Statement since the previous week were in loans an increase of $1,380,100; in the specie of $1,195,100 ; inthe legal tenders of $841,- 600; and in the deposits of $2,050,100; while the circulation showed a decrease of $31,600. Under such a Bank Statement as this the rates of interest were not likely to be any higher, and call loans on miscellaneous securities ranged from 114 to 2 per cent. In London the rates are 4 on cent. lower; and the heavy failures recently reported among the iron manufacturers in England and in Scotland are calculated to depress the market on the other side, and so dimin- ish the demand for money that capital is likely to be seeking profitable investment on this side of the Atlantic. The gold market has continued to droop through the week, until at the close the price had fatlen to 1093. The price at the commencement of the week was 111, mak- ing the decline 1% points. The prospects are good for a still further fall, as the result of the negotiation of the new 4} per cent. loan, the increasing exports of our great staples, and the decrease of our im- ports. The rates of interest in London have been below 1 per cent.; but the latest dispatches say that there is an improve- ment in the market and money now loans as high as 1 per cent. The feverish condition of our stock market and the tendency of prices in reg- ular investment securities as well asin spec- ulative stocks will readily be seen by the following statement of the changes in quot- ations.during the week. The decline in Central New Jersey was 5 per cent. ; in Del- aware ani Hudson, 44; in Delaware, Lack- awanna, and Western, 13; in Lake Shore, only £; in Erie, 2; in Michigan Central, 14; in Chicago and Northwestern common, 14; in ditto preferred, 2; in St. Paul com- mon, 3%; in do. preferred, 1%; but the greatest decline was in C., C., C. and I., which, on a very small offering of stock, dropped off full 9 percent. Pittsburgh de- clined 14; Consolidation eee +; Adams Express, 4; American do., 2; United States do , 5; Wells Fargo, 1; Ohio and Missis- sippi, 14; Pacific Mail, 14; Fort Wayne, 4; Missouri Pacific, 2; Iron Moun- tain, 2; Kansas City pref., 1; Atlantic and Pacific Telegraph, 4. This is a more serious general decline in the stock market than we have had to report before in a long time. The gains were but few. Western Union Telegraph sold } per cent. higher; Rock Island, 4; and Morris and Essex, 3. Mr. Rufus Hatch has been in the habit of favoring the public with his opinions on the subject of stocks and bonds and their current values for some years past; and last week he published another letter or circular on the present condition of our railroads, which has attracted a good deal of attention on account of the information given and the soundness of his views. He thinks all otir roads are in avery bad way, so far as their value for investment purposes goes, except New York Central and Lake Shore, and there area good many Wall-Street operators who agree in opinion with him. Western Union has shown great strength, although the advance has been small: There is a feeling of uncertainty about the next dividend, which will be quieted, prob- ably, the present week, at the meeting of the executive committee. Notwithstanding the ragged look of the stock market, the general prospect fora re- vival of business is very favorable. QUOTATIONS OF THE CITY BANK STOCKS FOR SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 2D, 1876. i TERE RCT ee eee American Exchange. Central National.... aa Re auininackseaneencaoneteoauene 300 Commerce ane emer meee en ee enee seme were weer eres eoece eee ee eee eee ee eee) bedscaneeee recente 894 PERN WOE his ne sosccsavneesccccess 82 Leather Manufacturers’......... 158 on ROE OE LCE ETE 11484 i ere errr ot 10 POW TIME ois cack cseceeeseseeee 118 INGYER ATAORCR): civ ceiseniseawaeasie 91 Saree 72 Fie NECN Es hese cvieeaddernoureane 5 State of New York.......sceceees 108 BANKERS, No. 5 NASSAU St., NEW YORK. We give particular attention to DIRECT DEAL INGS IN GOVERNMENT BONDS AT CURRENT MAR KET RATES, and are prepared at all times to buy or sell in large or small amounts, to suit all classes of investors. Orders by mail or tele- gra h will receive careful attention ye shall be pleased to furnish information in wlieines to all matters connected with invest- ments in Government Bonds. We also buy and sell GoLp and GoLn Cov- PONS, COLLECT DIVIDENDs and Town, County, and STATE Coupons, ete., and bu and sell oa CoMMISSION all MARKETABLE STocks aud Bons. In our BANKING DEPARTMENT we receive de posits and remittances, subject to draft, and allow interest, to be credited morthly, on bal- ances averaging for the month from $1,000 to $5,000 at the rate of three per cent. per annum, and on balances averaging over $5,000, at the rate of four per cent. FISK & HATCH. INDIANAPOLIS. D. E. SNYDER & C0., BANKERS AND INVESTING AGENTS. Particular attention given to Coupon Keal Estate Mor es, Without cost to the lender. References: Any of the Banks or ‘Bankers of In- dianapolis Thames National Bank, Norwich, Conn New York Correspondent: Importers’ and Traders National Bank. INVESTMENT SECURITIES. WE OFFER City and County Bonds, bearing interest at seven, eight, and ten per cent. Principal and interest pay- able in New York. The —. most desirable and profitable securities in the ma Particulars given on application. A. W. BEASLEY & €0., Dealers in Municipal Bonds. 12 WallSt.,.New York. 10 PER CENT. NET. Kansas, Missouri, and Iowa Improved Farm First Mortgage Coupon Bonds Guaranteed. We guarantee as an assurance that we loan not to exceed one-third of the actual value. In many years’ business have never losta dollar. No customer cver had an acre of land fall upon his hands. No customer of ours ever waited a day for interest or principal when due. Send for particulars. References in every state in the Union, who will confirm the above facts. J. B. WATKINS & CO., LAWRENCE, KA or 72 Cedar Street, New York. The ‘SOL that has Carried you Safely Over. A SOLID TEN PER CENT. The a. CENTRAL ILLINOIS LOAN AGEN- cy. known all over New England and the Middle States as the Agency whose interest Coupons are paid as CERTAINLY AND AS PROMPTLY as the Cou- pons of Government Bonds, has ouans ed its field and changed its name to“ THe KANSAS, MISSOURI, AND CENTRAL ILLINOIS LOAN AGENCY.” Ten per Cent. will TUARY, address B Circular and References ACTU “* Kaneas, ant Central Mlénote Loan Agency,’ * Jacksonvile, Hints. Tiunols. $10, saat oo,, $100, $200. on wmmenain f oom three to five - cent. {2 Send for Circular. HANOVER Fire Insurance Co., 120 Broadway, corner Cedar Street Sash Sapsias ~----- % 882;998 88 Cian. 1.1826 - - - - 1,502 775 09 legisla distur ard m the gr and u “e W over day, the d for al ieee. - @#* ne & 6. 2

Page 23

® 6, September 7, 1876.] THE INDEPENDENT. 98 ome PARRA | UNE ECTHCT ECR ORES A wee Hl ovr cia figures and facts. The improvement is not | moderate demand; but the sales are not to Ye spans. s their Commer I. only shown in the increased activity among | ® Ye y extent, though prices are well main- Pacontas Raesasedoceds {ie xcept the commission agents, the importers, the Worsted coatings of the better qualities Naumkeag, Baiteons...10 ‘ z Kearsage >, and 7 we ae OF | auction-rooms, and the jobbers, but among | are in good demand and sales are to a fair Tators : the manufacturers. For the first time since | extent at steady prices, THe American Science Association, at | 1873—since the collapse in 1878—all the a actee Ree Segoe womee ako ength, its recent meeting in Buffalo, of this state, | mills in Fall River are in full operation and | anq prices of the favorite makes -. stead- small: adopted the following preamble and reso- | all working at a profit. The same kind of | ily maintaired. ut the lution in reference to gold and silver: @ report comes from most of the other man- Flannels are in better demand, with in- . . Prob- ‘« Whereas, Gold and silver, like other gifts ufacturing towns of New England and a pr deere cee be as the ing of of Nature or products of human industry, | general revival appears to have taken place | season advances, and all the different sizes are pon i " pe Ps ne ny in all parts of the country. One of the | meet with a ready sale from first hands. of the established Nerican tueme 6 an permanently most encouraging indications for the future | _ Foreign goods — all descriptions Ta re. conform to the actual relation existing in | Of the domestic dry goods business is a wets Sate al ccied ath the markets of the world; and steadily-increasing demand for exportation. | seasonable fabrics. Black and colored astra, + enon ed these two metals The shipments to foreign ports are ona | silks, dress goods, ribbons, millinery S FOR in circulation side by side when the colnage larger scale than for some time past, and it —— ba a = a one have been of both is equally free from limitation and | Cannot be long before we shall be able to sufficiently supplied with all kinds of de. ; — are made _— tender in payment for | supply Mexico, Central America, if not | sirable goods; but there is no excess and all amounts; an Canada, with all their heav tt ds, | th rtat till light. The im- > eee: , y cotton goods, e importations are sti e im RECOGNIZING THE GRNSRAL ¥ giana ts es eaten ae in tae | st Seat Trige oop aghary shan ey si oe ) disturbed equilibrium between the stand- Prices have been well maintained in al aperitif caseneemmmnmaasasiammaieD Decline in Values . ard metals, has tended invariably to depress | staple productions, with a tendency to | ~~ 1g poe ond ng ha wer ms a. or the other, | higher rates; but no marked advance has | LATEST DRY GOODS QUOTATIONS. ; : : 4 —— F ALL g . “‘ Whereas, It is the aim of enlightened been established in any particular direc- | pmPoRTANT TO EVERY MERCHANT IN THE Sat boheane tne eeebearananai cee F . + > 84 governments everywhere at the present | tion. The abundance of money and low UNITED STATES. ) day, whether by the absolute abolition of | prices of standard cotton goods still ruling MONDAY EVENING, September 4, 1876. = the double standard or not, to make gold | might be supposed favorable to specula- PRUNTS. IMMENSE STOCK 4) for all practical purposes the single stand- | ,. ' : AMOSKEAC... .s-.eee0eee 6 Mancheste?.........0+- .1% { ard, and to employ silver chiefly or wholly tion ; but no evidences exist of any specu- Washington.....cssseeos 7 |WAMSURB,, “sos..0000.2+ § | OF CAREFULLY-SELECTED GOODS, CoM- 1 : - the material of a subsidiary coinage, | lative operations. rnold... :.. 7% | PRISING - egal tender only to limited amounts; and There were never before so many pur- Hamilton . aan poe — s of a double standard from 1792 to 1878, and | Prices are firm for all desirable styles, oneiiiah ies = Tl cesar eee $4 ae y SERS. during the whole period it was practically especially for dark fancies and navy blue. nae Seg. aied 78.... % Waithain, +4 2 —_— a failure. From 1792 to 1834 the silver. | 12¢ supply of all shades of chocolate | Augusta....'-.44..., ts racnusett 2th BK Broadway Ath Ave Oth&lOth Sts NTS, dollar unit of value was the one in use, | lors has been liberal; but the market has | pitteneld,A\....-....... He BE onte 5 eee : a : 5 of In- notwithstanding the fact that the law rec- | Peem So active that everything has been | Pocasset, Canoe, 44... 8% a Bi@inch.. .... n E ognized and legalized the gold-dollar unit. promptly taken, and the new styles have | pepperel, Beis ceeseesst 8x Nashua, 0 inches. 7 ‘raders The latter did not circulate side by side | been eagerly snatched up as soon as they “ 0; i Bo inch 7. 93 L with the former, and the reason was that | Were Offered. Foulards, cambrics, and «Bye ee ES. it was worth more as bullion thanas money, | Percales are largely sold to arrive. BLEACHED SHBETINGS AND SHIRTINGS Ei The silver-dollar unit, being the cheaper Ginghams are in good demand, with lib- Rew York Mills. 4-4....13 * oe mie ‘tics S42" 8 G it seven, medium, drove the gold dollar out of cir- eral sales for all the favorite makes, and | “"""" a OO a as rst pay: ain prices are well maintained. "36 A curities From 1834 to 1873, as the consequence of Cotton flannels continue in steady de- a a change in the coinage laws in the former | ™84, with a firm market and a short sup- Ww “sh N > of these years, the gold dollar was the ¥ Ply in first hands of the lower gradesl Hope =. «---nerenfetooes Slo oe Tepes 9 T cheapest medium; and the result was that | Which are selling more freely. : New Market, A: Ks ag e. Rernoida aa. Sone a rk the silver dollar disappeared from use. In | Corset jeans and colored cottons are in | waurecan. No.i.....:.11 pba * Sek ay ry meal both of these experiments the country has | 800d demand, but without special move- Sie appre ae froma. aX te ‘ ‘T demonstrated the difficulty of keeping these | ™ent in any direetion beyond the current : 94 deme ss 88 mi Hirst two kinds of dollars at os with cai other | Wants of trade. Prices are firm. apman a mart Ae | ves ne-third when both are units of value and both are Hosiery is in fair demand, with a good wo" OC 4: Peattot ~ asa AT LOW PRICES. sere of made legal tenders for the payment of all business for the season, but without special — rs ever sos see . erry sn due. amounts. Any change in the value of gold | 9¢tvity. : . | “aaaaamet ing rT) i or silver, considered relatively to each Worsted dress goods are in very good 4. Bal o feneeateg to ' w York. other, disturbs the equilibrium of value “ere ure liberal a a gino Davol Mills, Beh aT *lpwieht Camibriots,--1 —- j out, between the two kinds of dollars and | fancy and damasse styles. Some of the “ % 45-inch: ...20 nt Pinew Finish 36 NT. creates the necessity of altering the quanti- | B€W styles are attracting very favorable | SMerrmess-rt3:--- 74[Can om neh... : 309 Fulton Street AGEN- 7 : ttention by their el d pri b Utica, Reeee Beery setae Ys ‘1 AND Middle ty of metal in one or the other, as the only | #*ention by their elegance, and prices have | Nonpareil........ Whitinsvilie, s-inch... 1% yas are y : : a | tae sees eof th t onl . % | 284, 286, and 288 Washington Street, he Cou- way of preventing one of them from being | 0¢*® advanced In some of them, not only leld and asteen aw Gaate. on account of their attractiveness, but of (LATE FOSTER BROTHERS), BROOKLYN. scertam The remedy by which in 1878 silver was their greater cest. The supply of desirable C A RPBTS ant in this country demonetized, except as a | ‘tYles in first hands is not only light for the PEW Ss gaa aa PO linois. subsidiary coin, is the one upon which the season, but in many instances the sales are ets, _Oilclotns. Mats, 1 aiatting. motes, Cornices, Lace 200 enlightened governments of the earth have in advance of production. : ally tow.” ih PRET ONES 2 rth $2.50. i. - CO. already fixed. As between gold and silver, Shawls are selling freely, but there is no English Bos Body. Brussels, 81,65; worth $2.25. 4S there can be no question as to which of these marked activity and the transactions are neers finglish “Tapestry sire Bruseclas sia 10, $1.20" 3125, $1.35. invest metals should be the standard of value; | ™0stly in small lots. cect: Ingtnth Carpets, tot, We, cr, top. Ge.» Te. desired and if, as is the fact, they cannot both be Woolen goods are coming into better pep hn hae advantageously used as standards at the demand generally, but the extremely hot wesheigtunea ace’ diene {case Sats, 808 wor vad : same time and in the same country, then | V¢ather has been unfavorable to a large Fine b. w. Somes prs worth $1. f silver should be remitted to the condition | business the past week. The demand for Fine Cottage Suits, carved top. , $25 worth 40. of a mere commodity, with the single ex- | ™0st descriptions of goods for men’s wear is xtra 1¢ Parlor Suits its, #5 worth $100. . ception of its use for subsidiary coins. as good as usual at this season, and the wee = o.. 12 to churches 3 and institut any Sener een ner 0., 4 tnd sales of the last month were larger in the iaaaaaa sento aN ¥’S, 512 and 514 Sth Ave., cor. 36th St. treet aggregate than for the past three years. mreon [itunes site| MISFIT CARPETS. 8 88 Ir what everybody says must be true, | are in moderately active demand from the io ry : there is avery great improvement in every | jobbers, who are calculating on an increased | English Brussels, Three-Ply and Ingrain, also Stair Carpets, Velvet Rugs, 15 09 ; department of business, and most of all in 4 business during September, Prices are Cr ete., Ba sB 2 i, " dry goods. Everybody says so, and, there- | unchanged. — Carpets carefull J packed and and sent to any part of the United States fre free of charge. ry fore, we need be at no treuble to prove it by Fancy cassimeres of good styles are in ar SEND PRICE- DALL.

Page 24

g 24 ¢ ‘ THE INDEPENDENT [September 7, 1876. %

Weekly Market Review. [For week ending Friday, September 24d, 1876. REPORTED EXPRESSLY FOR “THE INDEPENDENT.” GROCERS’ ‘SS’ MARKET. COFFEES.—The market is st is strong. with an upward tendency for all kinds of been chiefly in conse- quence of a brisk The Rio telegram shows but little ‘change in the situation. Prices continue the same and the daily receipts are gradually increasing. There is a scarcity of Prime and Choice . which sell readily at full prices. Maracaibos.— There are only about 3,000 bags in first hands and sales of choice goods have been made at an advance of a is s quiet and no nomina Vat or Native. ome sti ging is moving slowiy at 12@12\%e. Sales 400@500 rolls, mostly at 12c., PRODUCE MARKET. ASHES.—The market is dull and unchanged. Pots remain nominal in the absence of stance trans- eee We qu “pd Western, DUFC........ SITTITITTrrerrititT tity $:—The market for Beans took a sudden turn in favor of the seller immediately fol- lowing our lastissue. All kinds advanced, but Medi- um showed the greatest improvement. Canadian Peas are very quiet = Bae 1875, . Ga, * Peeled: ir to good » 1815. Ga., Peeled, POOF. ....00 Blackberries, 1876, —- Wet os, Cherries, 1876, prim ee Plums, 1875, State, pert i 1875, Southern, per ®........ se Raspberries, new process, isis, per 2 b. Besprernet 1876. per r th

Nut meg Melons are in light supply and higher. We quote: Siciok ‘deutlebene barrels, per mi... scdboce 2 OD Good to prime, near-by, per bbl.. 1 mmon, per bbl............... ° Pears: Bartlett. Southern, per bbl... ,,,...-.+06- Sieckle, Southern, per bbl........ Flemish Beauty. per bbl.,.... Cooking, per b Peaches: Extra, per Basket........cccs+ cree see sosceee Good, perbasket...... Fair, per basket. “ Fair to extra, per erate. ;.. a“ pareey. POP BERR BE nc op cagscvccpessacacsge cose Galifornia, fanc¥, BOE BOE. utoeseeonte Vanhenen eet iis: 3

Reo he S388 RS!

pe DD ooo

S955 SESSS SEE5 SF gees S8e5! COMMON, POF DDL... cee seedsceeenescdpededeoes

= Grapes: Delaware > 4 14 Concord, 8 ncord, Southern, pe: ° 4@ «66 Hartford, State and Wenner, per lb..: ee Bee Hartford and Ives, southern, per ib........ 34@ 43 Whortleberries Per bush ...... peeceucnnebeaeconceossnepeceeege, A OMEN Sm Nutmeg yo Jersey, per bbl....... Rane stnen*suenhhese seers 1 00@ 1 50 Hackensack, per bb 10000.. cndeddsocetes - 150@ 2 00 Watermelo: ULs: Early Rose Western, double-head b the present demand. We rowls, Jersey, # lb owls, ——. 8 Dd Roosters, a Turkeys. Western, ®@ B...

Ducks, Western. per - Geese, Western, per pair. though choice Dry-picked Fowls are in good dema keys —— We quote: ‘0

Sweet. Md. and Va., Yellow. per b bbl. POULTRY .—Live Poultry.—The ‘supply is liberal from the West. Chickens are somewhat neglected and are lower. Fowls, Ducks, and Geese are more active,in view of the forthcoming Jewish holiday, and prices have ruled stronger. Turkeys are not overplenty, but only a few ae required to supply e quo

Dressed Poultry.—Chickens Jersey and ‘Maryland, per 100........... «... 8 00@20 00 Peanuts have had a moderate sale when prime. Lower grades are very dull. We qatte: Peanuts, Va., fancy....... ° 13 POTATORS.—We have had a liberal sigoly of of Irish Potatoes. Prices are generally lower. toes are very plenty and decidedly lower. We weet Pota- u farly Ro: Hose, prime, per bbl.. cpcveesens 2S ir to good, Ber “por. . é 2 Qe 2 59 .» 2 U0@ 2 5) —@ 3 00

rrels. pring Chickens, Del. and Jersey, een Ib..... 16@ 17 pring Chickens, Western, golna ae lye 1@ 16 - —@ if - 8@ 10 - M@ 16 M@ 1 e- T@1 00 -. 65@_ 75 ood 2 50 -1 3741 75 dull and weak, are not quotably changed.

nd. We see very few Tur-

BRICK. Haverstraw.. 4 00 “Up-River.”. 3 % %3 ,, 23 a Croton Frn’ts10 00 Philadelphia 23 0) a27 00 Baltimore....34 00 238 00 SMEN'

: a Lime ‘orge i & 2 3 a3 00 GLASS F rs 4 “Win- dow 60 and 20 @ 60 and 25 p..c. dis. Ordinary.. Good Ord’y 10 2-16a10 Low Midl’g 10 15-16all SUGAR. Standard A........ all Steam Redned A. 10 al0% C White.... emery Coffee Corsesee sven et snag A

Powuered. tra..— ai2' ra Cut Loaf. all: RIVERSIDE "REFINERY SUGARS. Riverside A. soft ed. 11% Riverside A. coarse “..11 Riverside Extra C...... 210%

Riverside Cal. Golden. .10% River pn het a 1.10% MOLASSES—DUTY: 5sc#gi N. O.. new.....—47 a—ti Porto Rico. N.—45 a—€0 English Is.,N.—33 a—42 Muscovado....—3) a—45 SYRUPS. Ex. White Drips — — a1 —— + a— 63 2% — a— 60 Steam Wetined.. a 52 Cc —— a

House....... —— &—27 TEAS DUTY: Free — Young Hyson.—2> . oe a pe! Gunpowder....—30 a-90 Twankay... ..—2l a-% Oolong.........—-30 a-75

FRUIT. _ f Ruineuayere 1 alé u 80’1 all Ju yandoni. 1g "8 13 lu Seeaiess. “— a 10 Eu Valencia. — £ Currants, Peed pa — 7 ee -- a—l5 Citron .....** = 33 pe Sardines bixs—Mt a a—l8 —35 Maccaron “opt a—it a Vermicelli, nt—16 a—18 CANNED FRUIT. ETc. Peaches.2 Bb # doz...........140 a1 Peaches.3 B ® OZ. ..000. 0042200 8250 Pineapple, 23 Recstesose 8 10" O20

Peas,2 ® doz 160 a22. ce Beans, Je _ ee 9165 Lobster. e ss OE cossncess. 800 G816 Lanes is a OK. ..vcece.0 10 O13 Optee, Cove A Db # doz... 8165 Oysters, ve D a. doz 4 a6 % CREAM OF TARTAR. GroundCrystals.— a—45 Gooa Quality...28 a—41 inary.........20 a—2 CALERA TUR. FLOUR. Balt., Alx., & )* Gsorownt sco a7 50 Bxt.k¥a a «0000-530 & 875 and ich: 500 a6 50 Amber.... Min’ se 270 x Ww Pro- eae a9

Extra state....440 0510 otton. ee: N. ors Upl 9 5-16 Good Mid’g 12 38-l6al2 7-16 3-16| Midi’ Fair 13 Middling «11 14-l6al2 1- i6! Groceries and Provisions. PRICES CURRENT. Building Materials. LATH.

Rockiand.. 8 al North River.— 60 a 125 LUMBER. ‘DM 4 - 1a ce.11 00 al4 Pic - 80) all Ww ae Pine. BO ald Ol B'd’g Timb’r.30 00 a35 00 Yellow Pine.18 00 a27 00

Hardwoods: Valnut....3 al72 50 BIL nicisieawia ot a40 00 Whitew'd. 33 WD ad) 00 i RE. 5° aas 00

Cherry... » 00 00 Butternut. 30 00 abd 00 Hickory....35 00 a40 00

and, N.Orl’s. 2-16al3 6-16 Fair.........13 15-l6al4 3-16 oo Mess, bbl. 9 00all 00° Extra Mess...... 10 00al2 00 Prime Mess tee “14 00a15 00 Packet. bbl....... 12 00a13 .0 iM --_eeeueaaaaaael 25al9 50 O ‘|Mess. Western. 16 75a17 00 «| Prime. gga nominal | Prime Mess....... nominal ‘hs Western steam, tcs. ' ea: # D.......10 al0 | steam, vcs... 93 a—33 |INDIGO—DUTY: FREE. a— 38 | Bengal, ¥Dgid 75 a 200 a— 90 Madras, eur’y—70 a—80 Manilla “ ~—60 a—s0 |

Ipecacuanha, Brazil, gold..——_ a—105 PRIBDs..000.0. -l a- ha eer -TiKa 108 Caracas,gold.— 87 ’a— 952 ee SE | Bars sll «5 PPLR—DoTY: Pig and ; R.R.70e #100 a Boil- Bar Sc. and Bbeathing pa whe Plate, 1 $1 t;, 4c.% B Band beg me roll, Am’ean Ingot— 18%a— 19 1lh@lxe. # DB; I ne Sheathing,new ton; $ Aeet 2 (suits) # DB... — a—3l Eng. Rail. # ton. |Sheathing,oid— — a— goldinbnd ——a—— Sheath’g, yell— xa— 1 Amer. Rail # ton. Pig, coe- so a eurrency. 4100 24150 Boi eee — a— 2 Pig, ngtish «) N*(aiS)“Dory: Pig, Scotch. # ton. 77 00 29 00! me and Blok free. Pig. American.. 19 0m ape Plates and Sheets 15-4 Bar HKng., Am. ct. ad val. Bar. Sw. ass.g. 130 00a 132 50! Banca, c’h. # B, Sheet. Rus.,@Dgd.—a 11% gold...... —20 a-— Sheet, Singie, D. ‘Straits. goid. —i a= 1% 102 0 KS | Beaten. gold.— 16%a— UTY: Cut, 1s Plates t.C.Ck 600 a 630 Wrought, aH Horseshoe. fates .Ch.Ter.650 a 687% 5cents # PT ER--(2iNN)-DUTY Cut, Waswa eD — a310 In Pigs, Bars, and Plates 8da 9d.... — a335 $150 per 100 ts. 6daid .. — a3 Plates, for.gd.700 a 712% Clinch..........460 a5 3 dom.. 725 a—— SHOT_DuTY: 2¥¢c.#B. |ZINC—DvTY. In Pigs.B $1 50 #100 ms.; Sheets ee -10¥a—— {In Sheets gld.— 8%-a8y Oils, Naval Stores, Etc. OIL—DvtyY: Palm 10,0live;|NAVAL STORES — Duty $2.59, Linseed, Flaxseed, Sp’ts Turpentine, cts.% 1% D to gal. 30 "et.; Sperm) gal.; other kinds 20 # ctf (foreign fisheries) and val. Whale or other fish (for-'Turp. ee ng 20 # cent. ad val 8.08 Olive, # pox.. 435 a 440 Paim.# D. we = 8K — 33 biaedenstes is a 200 Linseed, City. Rosin,com std 160 a 170 # gal .......—52 a 53 * 0.2 # 155 a 165 Whale, ernde— 3 a—58 PETROL EUM_Dorr “ ref. Wint— 65 a—70 ty Ref. 40 cts “ ret.Spr’e—— a—t5 crude. 10 to 4 Sperm, crude 125 a 130 d.O

“W.L. pl’ch 160 a—— Red. Western, __ le distilled.....— 55 a a s).. 7 Lard Oi1.P.M, - 78 83 Refined: 8. P.W. Olle CAK &—burr: ire. won’ "4 “lots).—'2i a— 28 Thin ob. cak 7 a, ref. ton, cur.. ons 00 ." 75 73 grav)..— 13ka— — undries. FEATHERS—Dorty: Free. HOPS—DUTY¥: So. OS Prime West’n—55 a—5 ane Sescsetecee ae FLAX—DotTy: 0a # 875... cce0ree. 8 B20 ton. < se iit snecef oer No’th Riv.#i— 15 a—18 GUNPOWDER DorY: HEMP— Duty: beets $25;°_ cts # b and 2 # ct. ad Manilla 253 Jute $15; Blasting, BBD

Italian $25; Sun and Sisa Le “<< 29 5 # ton Shipping —a 340 Rae. cle. tp 2.200 00a 210 00) Riffe........ ... Ta 540 Sisal. gold...... — —a 5% SHEDS —bure ; Tansoed —* a b. 1% 8 ct., 7 bash. . EA gold........0— a nai ush. 0 Jute, cur’ev...— and’ rass Seed 30 # ct 4 a Amer. und'd..125 00 13000) ad val. N. R.ship®100Be— a— — jFlax. rT 8 1 43a Retail Lots .... —70a— 90 'Canary.. MATHEWS’S LIQUID STARCH CLOSS. Gives a splendid ice nicest and finish to all starched goods, making them WHITER AND CLEARER than wax or anything else and prevents the iron from sticking. — Put up in 4-02. bottles, price lic. Sold by Grocers and Druggists. A.L aTeuwe & CO., 85 Murray 8t., N.Y. TEAS AND COFFEES AT WHOLESALE PRICES. in Lots to Suit Customers. _ SPECIAL TERMS TO CLUB ORGANIZERS and those who devote whole or part of time in ~~ selling our goods. pm SEND FOR NEW PRICE-LIST. The Great American Tea Company

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DI ‘Twas hun That it hap The fairies Jn the very ‘Twas inde Some swu flowe Others lay « While mult Their gosse glanc Of the frie A symphotr While refre From lily-c Rose petal: Made mer The frolic ° When quic The dancer sank The rainb glow Some mort They scatt In escapin; No gauzy Till safe may They feel From her quee “A mortal t By one of | We are he sigh If we can “But one hi Will be fe She who 4 and Remembe Than the. In silence At length, Came the awf And the q den To live, fe “But no me gre Or float ir Not agai flov Or drink f No longe! “For a bat fort Thou sha Thy voice sha Thou shalt ‘Katy-di “Now leav No more Through rar The tree 80l a And the That ‘ kn What th: “Does any The fair’ th From th Le [

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Bee = 8 x le g4saes! 4 7A 3 a gaVasss ““sssy | September 7, 1876,] Young and Old, fHE HISTORY OF WHAT “KATY- DID” REALLY DID DO. BY MISS S. W. BACON. ‘Twas hundreds of years ago or more That it happened. One moonlit night The fairies met, a grand revel to hold Jn the very midst of a forest bold. ‘Twas indeed a beautiful sight. Some swung on the ferns, some rested in flowers, Others lay on the moss at their ease, While multitudes whirled in the airy dance, Their gossamer robes lighting up with each glance Of the friendly moon through the trees. A symphony too was played by the breeze, While refreshments were handed about. From lily-of-valley cups dew they drank, Rose petals were served, and many a prank Made merry the feast, no doubt. The frolic was just at its giddyest hight, When quick as a flash came a change. The dancers stopped, wearied the moonbeams sank low, The rainbow-hued dresses lost color and glow: Some mortal has brought them in range. They scatter, they fly, not a moment is lost In escaping the gaze of those eyes. No gauzy wing folded, no tiny foot stayed, Till safe in their grotto, bewildered, dis- mayed, They feel they have distanced their sples, From her throne in their midst the fairy queen spake: “A mortal has looked on our race. By one of our number betrayed here to-night, We are henceforth condemned to man’s over- sight, If we can survive this disgrace. “But one hope is left. The years of our doom Will be few, if at once, before all, She who did this base deed will stand forth and confess, Remembering the innocent suffer scarce less Than the guilty one will in her fall.” In silence and sorrow the multitude stood. At length, in a voice like a sigh, Came the words “‘ Katy-did.’’ Then a long, awful pause, And the queen spake again: “‘ Thou art con- demned by our laws To live, for the good only die. “But no more shalt thou dance on the moonlit green, Or float in the summer air ; Not again shalt thou rock in the swaying flowers, Or drink from the lily cup, after the showers ; No longer shalt thou be fair. “For a base insect’s form thine shall hence- forth be. Thou shalt hide in the trees away ; Thy voice shal] be harsh, and thy guilt and shame Thou shalt ever and ever aloud proclain— ‘Katy-did’ the sole words thou shalt say. “Now leave these bright halls, and never return. No more can thy presence be borne.” Through the vault of the grotto the sentenee rang round, The trees andthe winds caught up the sad sound, And the false, guilty fairy was gone. That “Katy” did something all the world knew. ; What that something was now has been told. ‘Does any one doubt me?” Ask Katy-did. The fairies might tell you; but once more they’ve hid From the gaze of base mortals and bold. a ———— * THE ROSENHUGEL. BY LIZZIE P. LEWIS. " ICH weiss nicht, was soll es bedueten, Das Ich 80 traurig bin; Ein Marchen aus alten Zeiten, Dass kommt nicht aus dem Sinn. Dte Luft ist kiht und es dunkelt, Und ruhig Messt der Rhein; Der Gipfel des Berges fankelt, Im Abendsonnenschetm.” These words, sung in a clear, childish ‘} "ice, floated in through the open window - t asmall room overlooking the foaming Yaters of the Plessur, as it rushed heed- lasly over its rocky bed, after the fashion Alpine streams. “ Angelica!” The harsh, shrill yoice broke Rupon the plaintive melody as a sudden Mal of thunder may disturh the sweet mrenity of a summer ek: copes ** Angelica! An-gel-i-cal” the voice re- peated sharply, but without disturbing either song or singer. “Oh! Kleopha, why can you not sum- mon up resolution enough to stop all this singing and painting and dreaming? It makes me fairly sick when I think how other children of her age are of some use in the family. There is Caroline de Salis, for instance. Her mother told me only yester- day that she could make as good a potato salad and as sweet black bread as any grown-up woman in the canton. Yet she is only a few months older than Angelica, and her father is arich man, and could well afford to let her idle away her time, if she wished to; while Angelica, who has nothing to look forward to at the best but the keep- ing of a poor man’s house (for I would like to know what well-to-do man would marry a girl who had neither money nor beauty) —she, I say, learns nothing useful, but paints and sings and sings and paints from morning till night, and you never say a word to check the nonsense.” ‘‘But, Mother,” said a gentle voice, when Frau Lusk’s vehement protest had come to an end, not from lack of words, but from sheer exhaustion of breath—‘‘ Mother, dear, my little Angelica has inherited her father’s genius; and, please God, should she have proper teachings, which will be possible if Joseph secures the work in Milan which the bishop hopes to get for him, in future years she will be able to gain both money and fame, though she never knows how to make a potato salad or bake a loaf of bread.” “Tut! tut! Money is a good thing to have, as even you have learned by the bitter want of it. But I can’t see as Joseph has ever succeeded in getting much by his pic- tures; and I don’t know why you should fancy Angelica would be any more for- tunate. How much better it would have been for you if you had only done as I wished, and married your cousin, Johann Lusk, who has now such a house in Ragatz, where all the English people go, instead of a poor artist, with nothing but his palette and brushes, even if our honorable bishop did think him worthy of retouching the cathe- dral paintings. As for fame—bah! When I allow myself to think for even a moment how different it would have been with Johann for your husband and Angelica’s father I am regularly upset.” And honest Frau Lusk gave the dough she was preparing for the oven a vigorous poke, in her impatience at the sad mistake which love had caused her daughter to make in selecting for her busband an im- provident artist, instead of a flourishing inn- keeper; for she loved her child dearly, and her honest Swiss heart had far keener ap- preciation for the material comforts of life than for the dreams and ideals which help to satisfy the cravings of artistie natures. Just at this moment the song ceased, the door of the adjoining room opened gently, and a fair, delicate child of about eleven years entered the room. There was a won- derful sweetness in the pale, almost color- less face, and a look of intelligence in the soft, gazelle-like eyes, which compensated for the otherwise total lack of beauty. She stole softly to her mother’s side and laid her little face caressingly against her mother’s thin cheek. ‘Papa says we are to go to the Rosen- hiigel this afternoon, Mutterchen. The bishop has sent for him, and we are to wait till we join him there. Are you well enough to go?” ‘‘You must take this bread to the baker’s now, Angelica,” interrupted the grand- mother. ‘'The baking will be quite over and the oven cold, and then what shall we do? For even artists, like you and your father, want something to eat once in a while. Fine thoughts do not feed your bodies, if they do your souls. If you knew as much of life and its hardships as Ido, you would know it was better to stay at home and learn to darn your stockings, rather than to be climbing the Rosenhiigel so often. To be sure, it is pretty enough there to make any one like to go,” she added, in a softer tone. “No little one of her age in Coire ean sew or darn better, dear Mother, you must confess; and she needs the air and exercise. She grows paler and thinner every week, my poor little blossom,” said the mother, THE INDEPENDENT. caressingly, and her wistful eyes grew moist with unshed tears as they rested on the frail child lingering by her side. ‘Go now, my darling, as your Grand- mother wishes, and we will decide about the other matter when you return.” Without a word or sign of reluctance, Angeliéa received the huge pan of dough from her Grandmother’s hands, and passed swiftly down the steep stairs, into the narrow street, toward the one bakeshop of the quaint old town. It would be difficult to portray all the dreams and fancies which filled the mind of the young girl, as she sped on her homely errand. She had never been familiar with aught else than poverty and scanty fare; but, as yet, these belonged more to others than to herself and had not become a part of her own individual life. She had lived face to face with poverty from her cradle; but she was still too young to make much account of personal privation. In her childish brain there was a strong though undefined faith in something high and beautiful, which she should one day find somewhere and somehow; and there was also a dim, uncertain longing for change and happiness and prosperity which always belongs to natures as intense and prema- turely developed as was hers. The July roses were blooming on the hill; the chestnut trees threw their quivering, leafy shadows on the ground; the hot sun blazed on the white, dusty high-road; and the lizards lazily sunned themselves on the stone wall protecting the terraced vineyards which separated the town from the Rosen- hiigel. Angelica and her mother sat on a green bank, under the branches of an old chestnut tree, whose sturdy limbs had de- fled the storms and avalanches of many centuries—perhaps had even been a silent witness of the building of the old pointed tower, the sole relic of the invasion of Julius Cesar and his Roman legions. An- gelica’s childish eyes wandered lovingly over the long-familiar landscape. The stern, gray sides of the Calanda rose bleak and naked before her, patches of snow still visible in its rifts and crevices; the Rhine swept along in its impetuous course at the base of the mountains; the Falknis, with its chain of rugged peaks, hemmed in the valley at the right; while miles off toward the left the brilliant, snowy crest of the Tédi sparkled in the afternoon sun- light. Below the Rosenhiigel, nestling in the valley, lay the curious old town, the Plessur darting its silvery course through the gardens and under the walls of the houses; the cathedral lifting its venerable spire aloft, pointing the way toward Heaven, as it had done for nearly a thou- sand years; while far above, on the steep mountain-side, the white chapel of St. Lucius peeped out from among its cluster- ing shrubs and trees, almost inaccessible save to the sure-footed chamois and the fresh winds of heaven. The prospect was wonderfully beautiful, and it was not strange that the child’s heart throbbed and swelled with almost painful delight at the old yet ever new and changeful scene. Suddenly her ears caught the sounds of approaching footsteps. _ ‘‘ Mutterchen, there is Papa, and the bishop is with him.” And the sweet voice trembled with eager- ness as she spoke. ‘Surely, something has happened.” The pale face of the invalid mother flushed a faint pink with expectation at these words; and still more as she saw the cheerful, nay, almost gay expression on her husband’s usually grave countenance. Both mother and daughter rose reverential- ly to receive the solemn benediction of the stately bishop. “* Are you sufficiently strong to bear good news, Madame?” he inquired, with digni- fied courtesy. ‘‘And will my little artist friend be satisfied to leave fora time our somber mountains and quiet village, and go to a busy, bustling city, where the skies are always blue and the air is always mild?” ‘*Leave Coire? Goto Italy? Ah! Papa, L.read in your eyes how glad you are; but, Mamma, you are crying.” ‘Only, my darling, because God has so kindly answered our prayers, and offered us another opportunity of finding health and prosperity,” wasthe mother’s reply. ‘‘In Italy, too, you will have teachers and dis- cover your vocation—whether it be music or painting.” ‘* Yes, that is pleasant to think of, but,” turning to the bishop, who stood in purple cassock and heavy gold cross and chain, re- garding the girl’s changeful face—‘“‘ but, sir, if we went to a thousand other places, could we find any more lovely than our own old town and the Rosenh gel?” : ‘‘Perhaps not, my daughter; but there are many other spots where you can bp as happy, nay, even happier, since care and privation will not haunt both sleeping and waking hours. And in future years you will be able to return again to your child- hood’s home and your hill of roses.” *“Yes!” and the dark eyes shown with new excitement and fresh resolution. ‘‘When I have gained my first victory in art, I will paint a picture for the old church I love, as a thankoffering for having been born and cradled in such a spot, Farewell, old town! Farewell, loved Rosenh gel and ay + aan Rhine! Never will I love you ess!” More than a hundred years have rolled into the mighty ocean of the past since the artist-maid sat on the grassy slope of the Rosenhiigel; and, though she found in the country of her adoption other duties and other loves to take the place of the tender ties of childish days, yet her heart remained steady and faithful and her vow was ful- filled. Should you go now to the gray old Cathedral of Saint Lucius, in Coire, Swit- zerland, the voluble sacristan will show you, first of all the many treasures the hoary walls enclose, an altar at the left- hand side of the great portal and a picture above it, which he points out with visible pride as a work of the girl-artist who was baptized at this very altar by the name of ANGELICA KAUFMAN. LITTLE PIERRE’S POCKETS. BY GUSSIE DE BUBRA. Tuery were his first pockets, and they were very strong and dived down to the depth of a very wide pair of blue “ knicker- bockers.” He would know what to do with his hands now, he thought, when Mamma looked scrutinizingly at them before going down to dinner. It was such a bother to be always getting washed. For his part, he hated water. It wasn’t fit for anything but to drink, after eating a great many cakes and candies; and as for soap, that never was intended for anything but bubbles, he was quite sure. ‘Now, Pierre, remember, I do not wish you to put anything dirty into those nice, new, clean pockets,” said Mamma, as, all finished, she put the pants on him for the first time. ‘‘No, Mamma, dear. Pierre won’t,” he replied, as he began stuffing in his mar- bles, top, kite-string, and dog-chain. But Pierre forgot his mamma’s request and his own promise long before the day was over. Papa had received from his friend, Cap- tain Boyd, whose ship came from China, a - present of some very choice Houdon eggs; and, as it was not time yet for the old hen to set, the eggs were kept very safe out in the carriage-house, ina box. Out in this carriage-house little Pierre ran to play, and into this box he looked the very first thing. “Oh, my! What pretty little eggs!” said he to himself. ‘‘How Ishould like to have one to put in my new pockets.” No sooner said than done. Into each new pocket went one of the eggs; and then Pierre ran out onto the lawn, to have a race with Ponto, Pretty soon old Michael, the gar- dener, came up to him, and asked, grufily: “Did you see anything of the eggs in the box, Master Pierre?” Now, little Pierre knew he ought not to have taken them; but he was half afraid of Michael, and he didn’t want to say he had them in his pockets. And, besides, perhaps Michael would take them away. Sohe hung his head and an- swered: ‘‘ No, I didn’t.” ‘‘Are you quite sure, sir?” continued Michael, seeing at once the story on little Pierre’s face. ‘* No, I didn’t see ’em or take ’em neither!" And, with this second bold story, which sent the hot, red blood up into his little face, Pierre tan off as fast as his little

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26 « een | — _THE INDE PENDENT. PEON 6 NR ae AEN ERO {September 7, 1876, REE legs could carry him. He stumbled over a stone, as he went; and it was Papa, who had just come off the train and up the gar- den-walk, who picked him up. “ Helloa! little man,” cried Papa, tossing him up in the air. ‘‘ Where's my little girl in frocks gone to?” He felt something wet and sticky just then running down his sleeve, and he set Pierre down on the grass. ‘‘Why, what on earth is this?” cried he, wiping a streak of yolk off his hand as he spoke. eee I guess, Papa.” faintly answered Pierre, as he.saw Michael ap- proaching. “Why, no. It’s eggs,” replied Papa, **And sure and I guess you'll find the shells in the new pockets,” chimed in Michael. ‘Poor little Pierre! asbamed he felt. one for each egg. He jumped up and ran into the house now; and, finding his mamma, hid his face in ber lap and told her all about it. “‘T didn’t mean to be wicked, Mamma; but the stories just come,” said he. ‘That is always the way, Pierre,” an- swered Mamma, taking off the pretty new pavts and putting him into frocks again. ‘* We do a wrong thing, and then the story ‘just comes’ to hide it; and before it is quite hid another story ‘just comes’ to help that along, until, before we know it, we are deeper and deeper in sin. I don’t mind your disobeying me and dirtying your clean, new pockets so much,” con- tinued Mamma, as she turned the dripping sides out, ‘‘nor is the taking of the eggs so wicked a matter. Papa would bave given you them, had you asked. But the deliberate telling of the stories—one to Michael and one to Papa—that is what grieves and troubles me. I did not think my little Pierre would tell a lie.” Pierre sobbed and cried, and begged so piteously to be forgiven that, when Papa came in, he said: ‘“‘We will try to forget all about it, Pierre; but I hope you will never again tell me or any one a story.” Then they both kissed him, and when he said his prayers that night he asked God to forgive him and make hima better boy. Pierre has grown to be quite a man now; but, as big as he is, he has never forgotten his first pockets and the story he told about their contents. How wicked and Two stories already— Selections, IN A SWING. HE FEaca daity underveath your feet Should count itse!f thrice bappy sweet ; Each purple trodden clover-head Should thank vou. even when ’tis dead. “How blest i: every twisted strand Of rope encircled by your hand. Now. up alittle! faster! so! While through the soft June air you go, I wish that I might always stay Below you, as I am to-day, Keeping you far above all care That other women have to bear; And, high in air though you might be, You always must come back to me. SHE. Dear heart, if June staid all year long, If twisted ropes were always strong, If daisv bloom and clover-head Were never brown and withered, If every robin on the tree Did not look down and wink at me, And say ‘‘ That creature tries to flv, But knows not bow to soar on high” — If I could bring these thing: to pass, Then you could stand upon the grass, And I above your head would swing. But life is quite another thing. Bince one of us on earth must bide, The other should not leave his side. —Appleton’s Journal, MRS. McALLISTER’S COMPANY. BY ELLA FARMAN Mrs. McALLIsTER was, at one and the same time, a very domestic women anda very gay woman. She went away to the: Centennial in a funny bustle, so sorry to leave her five children, though she was| always parting with them to go to some; place or other, and still so expectant of being entertained and delighted by the folks of other nations, with their odd dress and customs. Once she thought she wouldn’t go. But she felt she must see the screens worked by the English princesses, and the needlework | of Queen Victoria; so at last she put her darling five in the charge of Cousin Fanny, ; gave that young woman plenty of money fo spend, both necesserily-and needlessly, and bade them all a smile-y, tear-y adieu, hoping and praying she might not miss them foo much. But. she did miss them; in the midst of all the ancient tea-kettles, and odd old bonnets, and old books, in the presence of the Japanese, and the Chocataws, and the Arabs, and the Assineboines, and right before the case containing the woxkjof the royal needle-women, even when she was looking at the paintings the Pope had sent from the Vatican, she thought what adear, nice, pretty flock she had at home, and wished she could see them. And during her last days at the Cen- tennial the picture she saw oftenest was one or her own making—her welcome home. But when, after a long, hot journey, she reached home, not a child was to be seen— Cecile, Anna. nor Amy, John, nor Sargent, They were always before out and upon her live a swarm of lees. aff Why, where are they?” she demanded, in some surprise. Consin Fanny looked sort o’ funny. *‘Oh! they are around somewhere. But how heated you look! Do go in the draw- ing-room, where it is cool. and rest.” Mrs. McAllister was heated, and the drawing room was delightfully dark and cool; and she went in. She went to a little marble alcove in an inner room, and bathed her face and hands, and then sank down in a lounging-chair. She was so very tired, and this was all so refreshing that first she knew she didn’t know any- thing for certain, not even whether she was awake or had gone to sleep and intoa dream, But, either in reality or in a dream, the drawing-room door swung open and a quaint group waited on the threshold—quaint lit- tle people were they, five in number. Whether they were mere memories of some of the Martha Washington parties she had attended in Philadelphia, or creatures of her own fancy, or yet phantasmagoria of ber tired, heated eyesight, Mrs. McAllister was puzzled to decide. Withal, too, there was a sweet, funny resemblance to her own children in the small faces. However, discovering that, although she berself might be in a dream, these were living and wide-awake objects, she rose to receive them; for, it was plain to see, they had come to psy their respects toher. She knew the couple in advance to be the Father and Mother of their Country, George and Martha Wasbington. She had seen them too many times in Philadelphia to be mistaken, although these were the youngest Ws, yet and although the Vallen ciennes frills which fell over the wrists and net of the pair had a strangely familiar look. Very new in glitter, although so an- tique in fashion, were the buckles and bows of the low shoes; very quaint the cut of the gold braided waistcoat and the pointed, brocade bodice; very becoming the tiffned-back hair; very ravishing the little coat, with the Continental pocket-_ flaps. Indeed, if the queue had not been missing and if Martha’s neck and arms had not been so sweet and so young and dim- pled and fair, Mrs. McAllister would have been pretty sure they were the real George and Martba. There was still another ancient-young pair; and bebind them a lady in widow’s cap and gown, with her handkerchief pressed to her lips, instead of at her laugh- ing eyes. The guests in advance announced them- selves in ceremonious tones: ‘*T have the honor to be General George Washington, Madame, and to present to you Mrs. Martha Wasbington.” Mrs. McAllister was certain enough now that she was awake, and she told them she was most happy to receive their Excel- lencies; and then she and the stately Washingtons bowed low and swept each other courtesies beautiful to see. ‘“‘T, Madame, am _ General Marion, the Swamp Fox!” The other small gentleman had stepped forward. But the ruffled voung dame at his side hastilv twitched his sleeve: ‘John McAllister, you said you were going to be the Markis Fayette!” “‘Sb! sh!” said the Mother of her Coun- try, softly. But the Swamp Fox wouldn’t “sh!” *‘Can’t a fellow change his mind, I’d like to know? Marion fought more’n any of ’em!” Tll tell Fanny.” Francis “‘T don’t care. Here the Father of his Country inter- posed and the ruffled dame fell back. Mrs. McAllister very kindly ignored this little side scene, and told General Marion she was delighted to meet him, and she hoped be had left ‘‘ Major Tarleton ” well. The Swamp Fox seemed much discon- certed—for a fox. But only for a moment, and then he went on glibly: ‘‘Thank you, Madame. Mr. Benjamin Franklin was in fine health when we sailed from France. He is a great favorite at court and will do the American cause much good in our coun- try.” ** Now you have madea goose of yourself, Johnny,” whispered Martha Washington. Be tbat as it may, Mrs. McAllister hada right to be much puzzled, and it was-cer | tainly very considerate of her not to be | This gallant young general, calling himself | Francis Marion, talked for ‘ail the world’ like General La Fayette! The young wid- ow giggled behind her handkerchief, and then she pushed the other lady forward. ‘‘Mamma,” said this young dame, turning rosy-red, ‘‘I am Mrs. General Putnam.” Mamma, indeed! Mrs. McAllister gave the blushing little woman a well-bred stare (but in her heart she laughed over these cunning, beautiful darlings), “‘T am really pleased to meet you, Mrs. General Putnam. I have often wished to know whether there was such a lady, and, if so, what she thought of her husband’s brave exploits, Were you not frightened, dear Madame, when you heard that he had been riding his horse down-stairs?” Mrs. Putnam ‘turned a still rosier red. She had to roll her eyes up to the ceiling and back before she could answer. She was a most lovely little picture of innocence as she said, in a soft little lisp: ‘*No, that didn’t scare me much of any. Mr. Putnam often used to ride down our chamber-stairs, to make me laugh.” ‘What a whopper! Amy Mac!” It was, appropriately, the good George Washington who was so shocked. But Mrs. General Putnam went on: ‘‘T was ever so much more scared when he went into the wolf-cave.” “‘T should think so,” said Mrs. McAllis- ter. ‘‘You must have been only his little girl-sweetheart at that time.” Mrs. Putnam laugbed like anything, and then said, in a general way: ‘Now it s your turn, Cecy.” “‘And this lady?” said Mrs, McAllister, advancing, after a pause, to meet the young widow. “This lady,” said the Father of his Country, ‘“‘is the wido'y of General War- ren, who fell at Bunker Hill.” Now Mrs McAllister was not very well up in the minor matters of American histo- ry, and she didn’t at all know whether either General Warren or General Putnam bad had a wife. But why should she doubt George Washington? She felt will- ing to take his word for it; and, as the Widow Warren had a sweet rose cheek, she stooped and kissed it, saying she sympathized with ber in her loss, and was going on to add how blessed it must be to die in the cause of liberty, when the young widow suddenly threw both arms around her neck and kissed her vigorously. ‘Oh mother! I must hug you! I’m so glad you’ve come home!” _ ‘Now, Cecy Mac!” cried General Mar- ion. “Cece Mac. you are a great one?” shrieked Mrs, General Putnam. The Father and Mother of their Country were angry also. General Washington spoke as “Sargent.” however, thus pre- serving the historical placidity of his character. ** You've spoiled the whole, now. Even Amy couldn’t have made such a mess of the fun.” ‘* You forget how you whispered to Amv, yourself,” retorted she. But the whole company—the Washingtons, andthe Swamp Fox, and Mrs General Putnam—were fit to tear the Widow Warren into inch pieces; and Mrs. McAllister prevented this catas- trophe onlv bv putting her arms around the croup and holding them fast. and children, in came Cousin Fanny, furi- ous that an inopportune caller had pre- vented her seeing the fun. ‘‘ Oh! is it all over with? It’s a shame! After I had all the trouble of the costumes and training them! Did they do it nicely?” ‘““They were little men and wonien, every one of them,” cried Mrs. McAllister, still feasting her eyes upon their quaint beauty. ‘*I’m glad you don’t disapprove,” said Cousin Fanny. ‘‘I was a little sorry we began. Thebrocade cost fearfully, and the tailor’s bill for the coats was just frightful, and I had to cut one piece of your lace. But you told meI might spend the money any way I liked, you remember; and the children did want some share in the Cen- tennial so badly.” “Tt was just beautiful of you all!” said Mrs. McAllister, decidedly. ‘‘ Never mind the bills. If the clothes’ll only hold to- gether until we can have the group painted it is quite all I ask.” So everybody seemed satisfied, unless it was Sargent. He said he was sorry they didn’t remember their parts better. ‘‘ Pshaw!” said Mamma, “it was ever so much better than the originals, to my taste.” Certain it is she kissed'them all around, as she probably never would had they really been the ‘‘ originals.” GENERAL HAYES’S CHILDHOOD. Mr. Howe ts, in his ‘Sketch of the Life and Character of Rutherford. B. Hayes,” to be published immediately by Hurd & Houghton, writes as follows of General Hayes’s early years: ‘“‘The mother of General Hayes was So- | phia Birchard, whose family bad removed from Connecticut to Vermont near the close of the last century. She. too, has left a. diary, in which’ we recogtize many of the | same religious traits so strongly marked in | her mother-in-law. The. circumstances of | ber widowhood, in the strange new country | (Mrs. Chloe Hayes, on her daughter's de- | parturefor the West, speaks of her ‘leaving » While they stood there, simply mother ' | ton ines, Art fey . . ‘ her nativd ahO’ daite \ thie OIG} "20 called in that day. were some unattainable forej strand) whither she bad followed her hus. id, doubt ten to deepen the sad aspects ofther faith at the expense of those happier hereditary instincts which in her brother became a'strong love of art. She and ber busband united .with the Presbyte. rian Church—the Western Puritanism— and their children were reared ip that faith; but the sole survivor of her family is not now a member of the sect in question, nor of any other, though g regular attendant, with his wife, at the Methodist services. Not many years after her husband’s death their oldest son wag drowned, and there remained to the wid. owed mother only two of her children—, brother and sister—who grew up in a friend. ship most tender and affectionate on her part and of passionate reverence and ad. miration on his. Ina manuscript memoir of this adored sister, which must be sacred from more than a passing allusion, General Haves recorded, shortly after her death, the simple facts of their early childbood in Delaware. It is now a pretty town of some eight thousand souls, seat of a Methodist college, and deriving its prosperity chiefly from one of the richest farming regions of Central Ohio. Its situation on the borders of the Olentangv is charmingly picturesque, and the painter Griswold drew his first in. spirations from the surpassing lovely coun. trv in which it lies. At the early period of which the memoir treats the land was yet new, though the pioneer period had quite passed. “Mrs. Hayes dwelt in a sibstantial brick house in the village, and drew a large part of ber income from a farm left ber by her husband in the neighborhood. Besides the guardianship of her brother, she had in the care of her children and house the help of one of those faithful friends whom it ij cruel to call servants and whom in this case the children both regarded with filial affection. But life in that time and coun try was necessarily very simple. This earl home was in no sense an establishment, When the faithful Asenath married and se up for herself in life, the mother and the sister did all the. work of the household themselves. The greatest joys of a happy childhood were the visits the brother and sister made to the farm in the sugar season, in cherry time, at cider-making, and when the walnuts and hickorynuts were ripe; and its greatest cross was the want of children’s books, with which the village lawyer's family were supplied. When their Uncle Birchard began in business, he satisfied their hearts’ desire for this kind of liter- ature, and books of a graver and maturer sort seem always to have abounded with them. They read Hume’s and Smollett’s English History together; the sister of twelve years interpreted Shakespeare to the brother of ten; they read the poetry of Mr. Thomas Moore (then so much finer and grander than now); and they paid Sit Walter Scott the tribute of dramatizing to gether his ‘Lady of the Lake,’ and were duly astonished and dismayed to leam afterward that they were not the sole in- ventors of the dramatization of poems— that even theiradmired ‘ Lady of the Lake’ had long been upon the stage. The influence of an elder sister upon a gel erous and manly boy is always very great, and it is largely to this sister’s unfailing it- stincts and ardent enthusiasm for books that her brother owes his life-long pleasure in the best literature. She not only read with him. She studied at home the same lessons in Latin and Greek which he recited privately to a gentl-man of ‘the place. She longed to be a boy, that she might go to college with him.* In the futile way she must, so remote from ali: instruction, she strove to improve herself in drawing and painting. One of their first schoolmasters was Daniel Granger, ‘a little, thin, wiry Yankee,’ of terrible presence, but of good enough heart, whom ‘the love he bore to learning’ obliged to flog strapping boys of twice bis own bulk, with furious threats of throwing them through the schoolhouse walls and of making them ‘dance like parched peas’; which dreadful bebavior and menaces rendered ‘all the younger children horribly afraid of him,’ and per- haps did not so much advance the brothers and sister’s education as their private studies and reading bad done. That is fre- quently the resultof"a too athletic zeal for letters on the part of instructors. #The children were not separated for any length of time until the brotber’s fourteenth year, when he went away to the academy at Nor- walk, Ohio; and after that they were little together during his preparation for college in Middletown, Conn., and his college years at Kenyon College, Ohio. But throughout this time they wrote regularly to each other. She took the deepest inter est in all his studies, their devoted affection | continued in their maturer life, and when her death parted them it left him with the sorrow of an irreparable loss.” M. D. Conway says in a letter from Paris to the Cincinnati Commercial: ‘“‘When Ewerson be in Paris, pr pce ears ago—one. of a then more you a ia of social philosophers and idealists, Monc- : creda hin exes he came to a-conclusion. e in these words: ‘ The French will have things theatrical, God wil] have things real, -Se ee ae eee

Page 27

876. ey S80 called le foreign her hus- n the Sad > of those *h in her art. She Presbyte. itanism— ‘ared in r of her the sect though a Pp, at the ars after 80D Wag the wid. ildren—g a friend. e on her and ad. | memoir be sacred , General 3g death, dhood in 1 Of some Lethodist Vv chiefly gions of » borders uresque, first in. aly coun. ly period land was riod had ial brick arge part r by her sides the ad in the > help of om it is 1 in this ‘ith filial 1d coun ‘his earl ishment, d and set and the ousehold a happy sher and r season, 14 when ripe; and hildren’s lawyer's r Uncle Satisfied of liter. maturer ed with mollett’s sister of Te to the v of Mr. ber and aid Sir zing to 1d were to learn sole in- noems— e Lake’ » The a gel: ¥ great, iling in- r books pleasure ly read le same recited e. She

- September 7, 1876.]

THE LITTLE ABBEY OF CARENNAC, (FROM THE FRENCH OF FENELON.] ss BY E..P, L. Here in Géa’s house of the ‘open dome Vivi) is kept by the pilgrim breeze ; Hera; ‘from its ipt of $1.50. Ruy it and try it. - E. CLARK, Importer. P..O. Box 3715, * sf Willlam St., N. ¥. ADJUSTABLE BOSOM PAD. 5 Ocrs Factory. 61 Hudson St ,New York . P,-0. Box 2386.

Who knows? You mought git tobe Pres’dent, or Jestice, perhaps, of de Peace ; De man what keeps pullin’ de grape-vine shakes down a few bunches at leas’. Dem Niggers what runs on the ribber is mos’ly a mighty sharp set ; Dey’d fin’ out some way for to beat you, if you bet ’em de water wuz wet, You’s got to watch out for dem fellers ; dey’d cheat off de horns ob a cow. I knows ’em—I follered de ribber ’fore ebber I follered a plow. You'll easy git ‘long wid de white folks—de cappen and eteward and clerks ; Dey won't say a word to a Nigger as long as dey notice he works, And work is de onlies’ ingine we’s any ’casion to tote To keep us gwine on t’roo de currents dat pesters de spirichul boat. I heered dat idee froma’ preacher. ’at dis life wuz a stream, And ebery one’s soul wuz a packet dat run wid a full head ob steam ; Dat some ob ’em’s only stern-wheelers, while oders wuz mors ously fine, And de trip wuz made safes’ an’ quickes’ by boats ob de Mefodis’ line. He "lowed I wants you, my sop, to be.’ticlar and ’sociate only wid dey Dat’s "titled to go in de cabin, Don’t nebber hab vuffin’ to say To dem low-minded, roustabout Niggers what ban’les de cotton below ; _ cabin-waiter to know. But nebber git airy. Be ’spectful to all de white people you see, And nebber go back on de raisin’ you’s had from your mammy an’ me. It’s hard on your muder, your leabin’—I don’ know whateber she’ll do; And shorely your fader ’11 miss: you—I’ll alluz be thinkin’ ob you, Well, now I’s done tol’ you my say-so. Dar ain’t nuffin’ more, as I knows, *Ceptdis: Don’t-you nebber come back, sah, widout you bas'money' an’ clo’es. I’s kep’ -you.as long. as 1’s, gwine to, and now you an’ me we is done, And calves is too skace in dis country to kill for a Prodigal Son. . —From “ Bric-d-Brae,” in Seribner”” for Sep- Dem common brack rascals ain’t fittin for no

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EVERY ONE SHOULD SEE THE DISPLAY OF ‘Waltham Watches AND ALSO WATCHMAKING BY MACHINERY in actual operation in Machinery Hall, close by the great engine. Prices of WALTHAM WATCHES, through recent reductions, are lower than ever before and lower than ever was thought possible. ROBBINS & APPLETON, HOLMAN’S Fever and Ague and Liver Pad CURES WITHOUT MEDICINE, SIMPLY BY ABSORPTION. The Best Liver Regulator in the World. The only true cure ae for and preventive : of malaria, in ail its forms : Liver Complaint, Jaundice, Dyspepsia, Rheu nm, ellow Fever, SearS.ckness, Neuralgia, Bilious Lhsorders, &c.. &c. None _ genuine without the Trade- =. \ Mark and Signature = 4 of the Inventor on ees” Ask your druggist i for it. For Certifi- cates read little blue book, Enemy in the Traps-Mark. Air. a) Wi, F. KIDDER & CO.,, Sole Proprictors, No. 83 John Street, N. ¥. Sent by mail on receipt of $2.

Chitdren’s Lives Saved tor 50 Ceuts.—Every case of Croupcan be cured when first taken by Dr. TOBIAS’S VEN: AN LINIMENT. warranted for 29 ears and _— u bottle returned. It also cures Burns, and Depot, 10 Park Place, New York. (2 Great Cough Remedy. Dr. Tobias’s Pulmonic Lafe Syrup. TO THE LADIES!! BEOWN’S FRENCH DRESSING will make Ladies’ and Children’s Boots and Shoes that have become rough and red and Ladies’ Travel- ing Bags which look so old and rusty that trey are ashamed to carry them look just as :ood asvew. It wil not rub off or smut when wet. Softens the leath _r. No ‘ady wil thou’ ‘tafter one trial. Beware of imitations and counturfeits, For sale everywhere. R. Ff. BROW @ CO, Remes

¥: rv. re ts Externa: Pains. Sold by the Druggists. |

PIU WM Habit Cured, Cured athome; no publicity. By Dr. F. E. MARSH’S Haley ace. short. Over 400 the qiowing : ¢ God that I have never taken a dose of morphine since I began your treatment. I am com- ete! +4 . thanks to you, sir and to your 8p cial- y. The question is solved jn a nutshell—4 bottles of dime Wala! Tested grsiefaly, DEMON wery. uly and gratefully, DEBORAH A. STARR. Clarksfieid, Ohio * Enciose two stamps torreply. Address DR. F. E. MARSH, Quixey, Mich. al

Address, DR. S. B. COLLINS, La Porte, indlanay For Quarterly Magazine, and Test of Time=-Se >: Free.

Page 28

a " me Susuvance, SANE OR INSANE. Tue London TJ¥mes recently contained the following noteworthy paragraph: “‘The Right Honorable and Most Rev- erend Samuel Butcher, D.D., P.C., Bishop of Meath, who has been suffering from con- estion of the lungs and bronchitis, became y sera sec while his attendants were tem- porarily absent, Saturday morning. Upon returning, they found the door locked. When the door was burst open, the Bishop twas found on the floor, ina pool of blood, with a razor beside him. A slip of paper, on which was written the single word ‘Mad,’ lay upon the table. The Bishop was ‘speechless when found and expired shortly afterward.” This unfortunate prelate, who was the Premier Bishop of Ireland, was not only a man of great distinction in the episcopacy, but of extended reputation for ripe scholar- ‘ship. He had been professor of ecclesiastic- :al history and regius professor of divinity at Trinity College, Dublin, had published a considerable number of valuable works, and was widely known as a controversial writer. Among the self-inflicted deaths of eminent men there has not been since the suicide of Hugh Miller, twenty years ago, a more tragic and sorrowful case. The single word ‘‘ Mad” tells the whole story of the abrupt and violent termination, at the age of sixty-five, of a most useful and successful career. It was not a case of confirmed insanity, certainly not of senile dementia, but only the transient overthrow of the mental balance during the brief de- lirium of a febrile disorder, to which, upon occasion, all men are similarly liable. In Hugh Miller’s case, as attested by four dis- tinguished surgeons, the melancholy act of self-destruction was the result of structural changes in the brain, consequent upon the strain of mental and physical overwork. In neither case is there any record of insane heritage, or of insane temperament, or of mervous diseases in which there is any kinship to the insane neurosis, Both had everything to live for, everything to brighten and gladden, ** And that which should aceompany old age, As honor, fove, obedience, troops of friends,” We refer to these cases to show the folly, the wrong, the injustice of including in the stipulations and provisoes of a life insurance policy the clause sane or insane. They bring into bolder relief the discrimination implied in the contract against cerebral dieases, while there is not a word implying censure of those forms of gluttony and debauchery which sooner or later become claims, that are paid without remonstrance or reproach. Of course, any company would unhesitatingly pay the claims of such emingnt characters, without reference to the non- liability expressed in the contract. The fear of public censure and the ad- vantages of general publication would furnish controlling and compelling motives. Indeed, some of the companies go so far as to say that it is their purpose to pay the claims arising from all cases of self-de- struction which are clearly and unequivocal- ly the result of the irresponsibility and the suppressed volition of insanity; but at the same time declare that they mean to fortify themselves in every avilable way against possible fraud and imposture. This is a weak invention and should be rejected with scorn by every man with intelligence enough to know that, if the stipulation were insisted upon in the courts, the strict interpretation of the contract would sustain its binding force. Whether the courts would be like- ly to invalidate a proviso or condition of such a character on the ground of its being contrary to public policy is, at best, but ques- tionable. The framer of one of these con- tracts graciously informed us, in the elegant phrase of the day, that the avoidance in question is meant as a “‘scare” or a ** blind.” Be this as it may, no prudent man wants a contract encumbered with a restriction which is so inequitable and unjust that it is surprising that any life insurance official ever thought of introducing it. To the legal mind it is a puzzle; to the medical mind it is incomprehensible. To show the absurdity of such discrimination, it is not necessary to distinguish between the charac- teristics of cerebral diseases and diseases of other portions of the organism, We need only. note the distinctions between the neuroses themselves, and compare the ini dications they give of disordered sensation, volition, or mental manifestation. Take, for instance, epilepsy, the ‘‘demoniac possession” of the Hebrews, Greeks, and Romans, a convulsive disease, in which the nerve-centers that preside over movements are so deranged that they lose that co-ordina- tion and subordination which are always shown in their healthy functions, and dis- play, instead, irregular, perverted, and vio- lent action. If a policyholder become a con- firmed epileptic—only one-third of the cases are traceable to hereditary descent—and during a paroxysm, which may last from two to twenty minutes, pitches forward - into a grate of burning coals, and is burned to death, the life company pays the claim arising therefrom without question. But suppose a change in the phenomena which are presented. Suppose a transfer, such as sometimes occurs, of the morbid functions from the motor-centers to the mind-centers. What then? Why, in place of perverted motion, we have perverted emotion. We have the train of phenomena which indicate mental alienation, a condition which ren- ders the sufferer an irresponsible being. One of the frequent coincidents of this change in the mental organization or function is that form of mania known as the suicidal impulse. Now, if, under the uncontrollable promptings of this terrible instigation, the patient suddenly plunges from time into eternity, although in no respect more responsible for his action than in the case cited above, the life company which has adopted the forbidden clause (sane or insane) can say with frigid indifference, if it chooses, that, as ‘‘nominated in the bond,” there is no claim. THE COST OF LIFE INSURANCE. about the cost of life insurance to policy- holders as follows: “Sir :—Your remarks a few days ago were well-timed and correct, and much more might be said to show the injustice of the complaints which are made by holders of policies and others about the expenses of life insurance companies—+. ¢., the cost of life insurance. any of these com- plaints are directed against the item of commissions paid to agents for procuring applications. ‘ Professors’ and other learned persons, who very possibly may con- siderable mathematical knowledge and have a general acquaintance with the theory of the business, have likewise produced elaborate essays upon life insurance, demonstrating (very clearly to themselves, no doubt) that this ‘ reckless extravagance’ is not only highly improper, but altogether unnecessary to an efficient conduct of the business. . “It is true that the commissions paid to _— (which are by far the heaviest item of expense in conducting the business) were at one time very much less than they are at present. It is also true that the sala- ries paid to officers and clerks, as well as every item of expenditure necessary to the transaction of the business, have also within the last ten years been materially increased. ‘‘ Now, with all due respect to the com- plainants in the case, salt qatualinty to the learned professors aforesaid, whose ponderous intelligence enables them to descant profoundly and with an er cathedra air from their library tables upon a subject with which they have not the slightest practical acquaintance whatever, the writer must dissent from their judgments. ‘«It appears to him that the same general influences which have affected mercantile affairs and enhanced the cost of living dur- ing the last fifteen years have also been at work in the business of life insurance, and he can see no just reason why exemption from the general laws affecting commerce and labor should be expected in favor of this particular business. During the war and as a consequence of it everything ad- vanced in price, and notably the wages of labor of all kindse—not alone that required in the production of the materials of war, but of all classes of labor, from that of the domestic servant to the bank president. It may properly be said that this was the result of a natural law, is consonant with all experience, and was absolutely unavoid- able. Thesocial disorganization that would have resulted from any fem attempt to impede the operation this law would have resulted in worse calamities than the war itself and would in the end have proved utterly futile. Mr. Thomas C. Field's proposition to reduce the cost of life insurance by revising the tables of mor- tality is scarcely more ridiculous than would be an attempt to do so by a stat- utory interference with the wages of the Jabor necessary to carry on the business,” THE INDEPENDENT A CORRESPONDENT of The World writes about the compensation of underwriters | ROYAL Insurance Company OF LIVERPOOL AND LONDON. CAPITAL, - + + «+ $10,000,000 Gold, TOTAL ASSETS. - = = $18,009,429 05 ASSETS IN U.8& = = $2,500,000 00 Head Office for Metropolitan District, 56 WALL STREET. LIVERPOOL and LONDON GLOBE INSURANCE CO. ASSETS, $28,425,160 92. 45 William Street. United States Life Insurance Co., € Nes. 261. Fe apa 264 Broadway INCORPORATED 1850. CASH ASSETS $4,422,636 68. The apt features of this amar are ABSO. LUTE SECURITY, ECONOMICAL MANAGEMENT, and LIBERALITY TO THE INSURED. All Forms of Life and Endowment Policies Issued. THE NATIONAL LIFE INS. CO. OF THE U. 8. OF A. WASHINGTON, D.C. Guat capueh Soe - = | Seggege ae Surplus, ee. TL 378983 on Perfect Indemnity, Definte Con- tragte, and Low Ra tron Steck Life In- surance Company. E.W. PEET, Pres. J. ALDER ELLIS, VICE-PRBS. J.M. BUTLER, SEC’Y. ACENTS WANTED. ESTABLISHED A. D. 1850. MANHATTAN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF NEW YORK. Examine the Plans and Rates of this Company. HENRY STOKES, President. C. Y, WEMPLE, Vice-President J. L. HALSEY, Secretary. S. N. STEBBINS, Actuary. H. Y. WEMPLE and H. B. STOKES, Ass’t Sec’s, NIGKERBOGKE LIFE INS. CO., 239 BROADWAY, New York. Assets - - - - $8,000,000 Surplus, over - - - 1,000,000 SAVINGS BANK POLICIES A SPECIALTY. JOHN A NICHOLS, President. GEO. F. SNIFFEN, Secretary. CHAS. M. HIBBARD, Actuary. E. W. DERBY, M.D., Con. Phy’n. HENRY W, JOHNSON, Counsel. JOHN F COLLINS, Man. of Agencies. JOHN F. NICHOLS. Cashier, UNION MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE CO. OF MAINE. ORGANIZED 1849s. No. {53 Tremont Street, BOSTON, MASS. GROSS ASSETS, TEN MILLIONS. ANNUAL IMCOME, TWO AND ONE-HALF MILLIONS. SURPLUS OVER ALL LIABILITIES, One Million Two Hundred and Fifty Thousand Dollars. JOHN E. DE WITT, President. DANIEL SHARP, Vice-President. DAVID L. GALLUP, Secretary. DIRECTORS: JOHN E. Dr WITT, OHN P. TOWNSEND, HENRY 8. WASHBUR N,|JOSEPH BRADSTREET, HENRY CROCKER, JAMES W. JUDD. DANIEL SHARP, EUSTACE C, FITZ, EDWARD R. SECCOMB, |JOSIAH H. DRUMMOND, GBORGE 0, RAND, GRORGE A. MEYER, [September 7, 1876, EQUITABLE LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY: OF THE UNITED STATES, NO. 120 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, for the Year Ending Dec. 81st, 1875. Net assots, Jan 1st, 1875........ceeeeee severe $24,785,084 74 INCOME. Premiums....,..- oo 000008%,909,901 39 Interest and rents...... 1,571,894 69 9,571,886 08 Total. .cccccccsccoreccccsecce eeeereses o0%34,306,920 82 DISBURSEMENTS. Claims by death and matured endow- BROMUS... ...55 sa) oboe iad $2,356,211 98 Dividends, surrender values, and annuities 2,978,799 69 Dividend on capital.... 7,000 00 State, county and City TAXES... ......0008 + 66,421 95 Commissions, ........++ 404,372 34 EXPe@Ds@B,......0+0000. 896,483 99 $6,629,280 95 Net assets, Dec. Sist, 1875.. ........005 $27,677,690 ASSETS. Bonds and mortgages.$17,085,951 88 Real estate in New York and Boston and purchased under foreclosure........... 5,080,484 55 United States stocks and stocks authorized by the laws of the State of New York., 4,332,442 96 State stocks............ 31,300 00 Loans secured by United States and State Municipa WEG acaccsniccnesars 54,320 00 Commuted commis- PUNE .. cc scppennnans 87,082 18 Cash on hand, in banks, and other deposita- ries on interest....... 868,639 51 Balance of agents’ ac- COUNLS... .ceccocccccces. 237,409 79— $27,677,630 Market value of stocks over cost value....... 212,698 12 Interest and rents due and accrued.......... 250,95 71 Premiums due and in transit............ ss. 185,209 00 Deferred premiums.., 712,576 00— 361,458 83 Total assets Dec. 31st, 1875.839,039,089 70 Total Hatilities, including reserve for reinsurance of existing poli- C1OB.....000 veereees pensantal eveeraes 24,523,170 Total surplus te policyhold- WE. nconticostas hs eosenntes + $4,515,919 43 New business in 1875, 8583 policies, assur- SR ssnetnstiniesol $30,538,017 Outstanding rr 78,632,686 _. From the undivided surplus of $4,515,919.42 the society has declared a reversionary dividend, avail- able on settlement of next annual premium, to par- ticipating policies, proportionate to their contribu- tion to surplus. The cash value of such reversion may be used in settlement of premium if the policyholder so elect. The valuation of the policies outetanding has been madeon the American Experience Table according to the legal standard of the State of New York. $70: Tit SRE | actuaries We, the undersigned, have personally examined in detail the assets, and busi of the so- ciety and compared the result with the foregoing statement, which we hereby certify to be correct. BENNINGTON F. RANDOLPH, | ShtheBoeed or oe JAMES M. HALSTED, rectors, appointed HENRY 8. TERBELL, pt PARKER HANDY, sets and accounts THOMAS A. CUMMINS, — BOARD OF DIRECTORS, HENRY B. HYDE. JOHN A. STEWART, GEORGE T. ADEE. JOHN D. JONES. GEORGE D.MORGAN. HENRY M.ALEXANDER WILLIAM G. LAMBERT. BENJ. WILLIAMSON. HENRY A. HURLBUT. ROBERT L. KENNEY. HENRY G. MARQUAND. WILLIAM WALKER. JAMES LOW. HENRY DAY. JOHN AUCHINCLOSS. JOSEPH SELIGMAN. HENRY F. SPAULDING.BENJAMIN E. BATES. JAMES W. ALEXANDER.ASHBEL GREEN. HENRY S8.TERBELL. WAYMAN CROW. CHARLES J.MARTIN. STEPHEN H. PHILLIPS. THOMAS 8. YOUNG. THOMAS A. BIDDLE. THOMAS A. CUMMINS. THEODORE CUYLER, ROBERT BLISS. CYRUS W. FIELD. WILLIAM H. FOGG. GEORGE H. STUART. JOHN J. DONALDSON. SIMBON FITCH. ED. W. LAMBERT; M.D. J. F. NAVARRO BENNINGTON F. RAN- W. WHITEWRIGHT, JE DOLPH. JOHN J. M’OOOK. ALANSON TRASK. THEODORE WESTON JOHN T. MOORE. ALEXANDER P. IRVIN PARKER HARDY. D. HENRY SMITH. HENRY B. HYDE, President JAMES W. ALEXANDER, Vice-President. SAMUEL RQRROWE. Secretary. WILLIAM ALEXANDER, Aces Secretary. ERPARP OA Ra? | roreictene

Page 29

Jz

September 7, 1876.] THE INDEPENDENT. 29

HOME INSURANCE COMPANY OF NEW YORK. OFFICE, No. 1856 BROADWAY. FoRTY-SIXTH SEMI-ANNUAL STATBMENT, showing the condition of the Company dn the first day of July, 1876. Cash Capital - °° = .- © = Reserve for Re-Insurance - Reserve for Unpaid Losses and Dividends - * = <= Net Surplus - - - Mt Soak — Assets - ° - « . o ere 600,000 06 bin 7” « ad ad - 1,845,521 47 247,326 66 958,868 71

- = * = SUMMARY OF ASSETS. $6,061,716 84 Rita ai AT AIA OSs ere ge aa, ‘doteecessccakatcces San Bonds ote 1a Moreeages being first ae ‘on Real Estate, worth $4,82),000.00. S eae au ls a Cit Bonds, vate and City

eee ereeceeceee Interest oe on in Sun ngonteproaececteeercoesccacenes Balance — Leda Glidabadewtessccdbeccsiccdessees Bis Heceiva due 7 Uncoliected On Policies issued at this Office. “hi apreigte an 1 peat i I co sakeuhsscevks cvcddesies satiiendian Rais acne tities cians Denanneseniiend 051,716 84 ims for hotest 2 On Ist Jul wit! ABILITIES. _— Sridends ulvel@senes noe. aa PNT srt varie ocsovorsttsnetoenentirasesioe acest» SE aim iecaisccanrcescczaGcsccednsesoydbaccecacsdp esesussedowcaceanaceevaceddasnesaiananal $247,326 60 a. Wy, ASHBU RN, Secretary HAS, J. MARTIN INH, VicoFrove a ILLM hin A. HEALD,

pense LIFE INS. CO., NEW YORK CITY. THE ORIGINAL JOINT STOCK LIFE InsiRANCS OF THE UNITED STA EDWARD © ea M. D.. V pores Hiathiner. 1825. 1875. THE PENNSYLVANIA FIRE INSURANCE CO., oF PHILADELPHIA. CASH CAPITAL, - $400,000.00 ASSETS, - - - 1,533,635.84 Wx. G. CROWBLL. Sec. JOHN DEVEREUX, Pres. CONTINENTAL (FIRE) INSURANCE CoO,., OFFICES 100 and 102 Broadway, WN. Y., COR. COURT AND MONTAGUE STS. and 106 BROADWAY, BROOKLYN.

Cath Capital......cscccccsssccseees oee-81,000;000 00 Gudfanty Surplus Fund.............. 300,000 00 Spetial Resetve Fiind,..........0.00+ 300,000 00 Reserve for Reinsurance..,.......... 931,427 42 Undivided Stirplis, held for all claims against the Company... 293,738 32

Total Assets, January 10th, 1876,....§3,845,165 64 GEO. 1". HOPE, Pres. H. H. LAMPORT, Vice-Pres. CYRUS PECK, Sec. B.C. TOWNSEND, Sec., A.D. A.M. EIRBY,8ec.,L.D. JOHN K. OAKLEY, Gen.Ag’t. C. H, DUTCHER, Sec. Brooklyn Dept. THE

COLUMBIA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY. JNO. T. DOUGLASS, President. CAPITAL + = += = = _ $100,000 ASSETS +s «© + = = $6,037,404 15,969 Policies in force, insuring $33,779,391 .-M. Fox, Secretary. GEO: W. MANNING, Assistant Secretary. EDWIN W. BRYANT, Vice+Pres’t and Actuary. BEN. WILLIAMS, Manager of Agencies, HOME OFFICE, ST.LOUIS, Mo. OFFICE OF THE ATLANTIC MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY. New York, January 24th, 1976. The Trustees, in Conformity to the Charter of the Com- pathy, subriit the following Statement of its af- ‘airs on the 31st December, 1875: Prémiums received on Marine Risks from to 3ist December 96,840,031 88 Premiums on ~~ Fe ’ Polleles not marked od ise 2488.58 81 Total amount of Marine Premiums........ W325, 75 % No Policies have been issued uw Lite ari eR Fire disconnested with 2 im January, Figen vo tis Desomber, eecccccceccsese $4,123,154 68 68 denieciiummmmmmmaiaas ecoece ve $2,712,068 05 Returhs of Prémiams and Expenses....... $1,217,47735 The od Biatee ar the foll Asso, vis bw nd State of 01 rk y, Bank, and other Stooks....$10,314,0409) apo } and otherwise... — ) d Bonds and M o

an ortgages.. Interest and sundry notes and claims due Premium Notes and Bills Heosivable...... 2006900 ash in Bank........ cccccsccccccssseseesveree 363,402 40 Total Amount of Assets......... $16,019,940 8 Bix per cent. interest on the outstanding certificates of profits will be paid to the holders thereof, or their legal representatives on and after Tuesday, the First of February next. The outstanding certificates of the issue of 1973 will be redeemed and paid to the holders thereof, or theirlegal representatives, on and after Tuesday, the First of February next, from which date all interest thereon willcease. The certificates to be produced at the time of payment and canceled. Upon certifi. cateswhich were issued for gold premiums the pay- ment of interest and redemption will be in gold. A dividend of Forty Per Cent.is declared on the net earned premiums of the Company for the year ending Bist December, 1875, for which certificates will be

{872° 16. THIRTY-ONE YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL BUSINESS. THE NEW YORK LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY. 346 and 348 Broadway, New York. Qe PURELY MUTUAL. DIVIDENDS ANNUALLY. Assets, Over THIRTY-ONE MILLION Dollars. a INCOME EIGHT MILLION DOLLARS YEARLY. This Company Issues all Desirable Forms of Life Insurance, on Practica - Pians and most Favorable Terms: ORDINARY LIFE POLICIES, LIMITED PAYMENT LIFE POLICIES, ENDOWMENTS, ANNUITIES, and TONTINE INVESTMENT POLICIES. .

——-—+____ TRUSTEES: MORRIS FRANELIN, WM. H. APPLETON, WILLIAM A. BOOTH, HENRY BOW8RRS : DAVID Dows, ROBERT B. COLLINS, H. B. CLA . EDWIN MARTIN, ISAAC C, KENDALL, WILLIAM BARTON, J. ¥. SEYMOUR, JOHN M. FURMAN™ DANIBL 8. MILLER, LOOMIS L. WHITH, C. R. BOGERT, M.D., WALLIAM H. BEERS- JOHN MAIRS, CHAS. WRIGHT, M.D., WILLIAM H. BEERS, Vice-President and Actuary. GHORGE A. OSGOOD, MORRIS FRANKLIN, President. The New York Life Insurance Company completed its thirty-first year January 1st, 1876. At that time its tistToRY AND CON: DITION were, in brief and in round num- bers, as follows: Number of Policies Issued........ ‘ 118,000 Premium Receipts.............000 $62,000,000 Death-Claims Paid..............005 14,000,000 Dividends and Returned Premiums Paid...... Reeds beie Gedbtle pbaraee's 19,000,000 Number of Policies in Force....... 45,000 Total Amount Insured...... oe $126,000,000 Cash Assets... sssscccccccccccccecce 81,000,000 Surplus, Company’s Standard...... 2,500,000 “ State isi nacainn 5,500,000 Business, 1875. New Policies Insured............. ° 7,000 Amount Insured.............0.00 $22,000,000 Total Income.........seesseeeseees 8,000,000 Interest Receipta......c.csceeeees + 1,870,000 If you want Life Insurance, investigate the claims of this Company to your confi- dence and support, as its systems are based upon and consistent with best business principles, and are famous for their com- plete adaptability to the requirements of the age. THE NON-FORFEITURE SYSTEM, originated by this Company in 1860, has been adopted by every. company in the United States, and its “ TONTINE INVESTMENT POLICY” has received the unqualified endorsement of distinguished actuaries and the approval of the ablest business men. It combines, in one form, the greatest number of advan tages obtainable in a Life Insurance Policy. It appeals at once to the intelligence of all who understand the principles and ~~ of Life Insurance.

ALL POLICIES, WHETHER ON LIFE OR ENDOWMENT TABLES, ARE SUBJECT TO NO HIGHER

issued on and after Tuesday, the {th of April next, By order of the Board, J. H. CHAPMAN, Secretary TRUSTEES. Paf ake, ENNIS, GORDON We BY Gita Geese heirs INSURANCE GO., ace sem Bee cei a. eT 1, erUART, B FOREST OF NEW YORK, we Ny SHEA Catt 144 & 146 BROADWAY NEW YORK, F. S. WINSTON, President. W. H. H. MOORE, 24 Vice-President. STEEL ENGRAVING —Or— Charles Sumner SENT FOR ONE KEW SUSSCRIBER TO @HE INDEPENDENT AND $3.50.

ASSETS OVER $78,000,000. RICHARD A. McCURPY,

Vice-President. Address JM. Srvart, Secretary. | HENRY Cc. BOWEN, Publisher, W. H. O. Barriers, Actuary. 251 Broadway, N. Y. City

CHARGE IN Premium Rates in taking the ‘‘Tontine Investment’? form. THE BENEFITS oF THIS KIND OF LIFE INSURANCE ARE CONDITIONED UPON THE POLICY BEING CON- - TINUED FOR A OBRTAIN SPECIFIED TERM, OR SELECTED Tontine Period or Ten, Fifteen, on Twenty Years. Two things most desired in Life Insurance are the CERTAINTY OF PROTECTION IN EARLY DEATH AND PROFIT IN LONG LIFE. These are united in the ‘‘ Tontine Investment Policy’’ of the- New Yor«e Live Insurance Company. —o WANTED! Men of character and energy as Agents, with whom the Company will make the most liberal arrangements consist- ent with a safe conduct of business. Persons engaged regularly in other occupations, who may yet have a portion of time at their disposal, which they desire to utilize, are also invited to respond to this notice. Application may be made, either in person or by letter, to the HOME OFFICE OF THE NEW YORK LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Nos. 346 and 348 Broadway, NEW YORK.

™

Page 30

30 Farm and Gardens we ‘e FLORA OF THE GREAT BASE, wy EMERGING through the cleft in @he high | Sierra, and coming into full view of the shim- mering basin below, with the snow-tipped Humboldts ie the distance, Ew it Acave ‘you to contemplate ‘thes keene, while I¢ ‘up this desert plum ( Prunus Andersoni), this worm-bush (Sarcobatus vermiculatus), the first of the desert plants met with on the down grade. Here on the floor of the basin, radiant with beauty, grows the only plasit Dé, Graywilballow named for him on the We- vern Goutinent (Grayia’ ‘ polygalaoides). It a a bush two tn five feet high, densely,,. crowd sp; of flat circular pods, half a#) "fe a Eety os and red as cherries. “N 3 bet @atidy,”’ is the Doe- tor’s apt description.” % A large part of the flora of the basin belongs to the, order..of..Chenopods, or.the goose-foot family, distingmished by their thick, hairy, sue- culent leaves, often shiny stems. and the ex- treme loneliness of the entire order, with the exception of the Grayia mentioned. "The order most numerous is the one everywhere. most abundant, found on every spot where vascular plants may thrive, the immense order of Com- posite, or sun-flowet.This order comprises about | 10,000 species, and forms, according to Hum- boldt, one-ninth of all the flowering plants of the globe and on@half bf its tropical flora. Chief among this order in the basin is the re- nowned “sage-brush,’’ a pame loosely applied to several kinds of/plants having thesame ashen hue and found on the great arid plains from the torest-clothed slopes of the Sierra to the bottom-lands of the Missouri. Whatever the order or genus, all is modified to conform to the requisites 6f this hot -region— thick leaves, to hdld the: moisture when the sun is high ; copious, non-conducting hairs, to pre- vent exhalation; -harp, forbidding spines. to ward off enemies of the animalkingdom, This spinescent character is most puzzling to the re- flecting mind. What need of such protection in a region so desolate, #0 unfreqnented? The rich, open prairies and forests of other lands invite population, This arid; seemingly; water- less basin is clothed, except where bleak alkali and salt deserts prevail, with dense, thorny, almost impassable sage-brush, as if. to guard a priceless treasure. And Darwin says it is 50 He affirms that here are reservoirs of elements, now unfit for use, which the art of the coming man will turn into verdaut forests or beautiful fields, as the needs of a teeming population will demand. Corroborative of this theory, most wouderful vegetable growths are now seen in the Valley of the Jordan, tilled by the devoted Mormon, andy in ‘the Valtey cof, the: Ogrson; verdant with’alfalfa: ‘Both‘of these valleys tm: mensely changed in value, as the result of irri- gation, skilfully applied and on a large scale But I must burry up, or you will leave me pon- dering here in the sand. The first of the valleys between the cross- bars of the gridiron is Long/VaHey, threaded in winter and spring by Long Valley, Creek, rising near Reno and tubnitg north to Honey Lake. Passing down it 25 uniles, we turn eastward, through, a cattle-range, enclosed by a fence of matted ‘Pillows, climb the first ridge, and Soda Lake Valley is before us,. The lake is a yellow pool of salt, alkali, and sulphur. Crossing to the'second ridge and climbing it, we look over into Wintiemucca Valley. Onthe pass at our feet is a beautiful Scutéllaria nana (Gray), a new species. It maintains its green, robust look by meaus of reservoirs of plant-food stored in its thick, necklace like, subterranean stems, The next is Warm Spring Valley, quite large and important. Through it passes the road from Reno to Surprise Valley and Fort Bidwell.’ Passing around a sand mountain, gemmed with rare (ootheras, we ascend an arm of Warm Spring Valley, move: over a high pass, and drop into a valley so walled in with sheltering ridges as to afford a surprisingly large and varied flora. Every mile of our progress to this point has been marked by decreasing verdure and the appearance of the peculiar ashen, dwarfed des- ert plauts. But here in this little valley athe) species met with on the way are cfowded= while bosts of strangers appear. \ In \raptureyI named it, for the veteran botanist, Gray’s, Val- ley. Here in this secluded garden of the great basin is the natural home of the sand and stin- loving plautsy tee numerous) to namesal put-» ting on their gayest apparel and) exhaling \the richest perfumes, as if to prove the gti qnoted lines: *” © Pali many bifdwer ts born bidsh ubsecn ' And waste its sweetness on the desert air.” Here flourishes Tetradidymia ‘spinogd, ‘with’ strong, hooked prickles, and the monster Thelli- podium, four to six me high. Up on the hot cruel Pee’ art oy. 3 a eo ment ‘of frdit from (Califorp ite ory crucife r,! Stanle ‘nothiog particwany audacidus artli yellow flowers ‘an inches long, § dis really a very negsonable and r thing to ing upright ; white Rimbs tar to ys a So, when the co bs necess: it are fully On the clean sand by our feet nestles the eurl~ > understood." Trade laws assure us that to THE INDEPENDENT. ous Ooldenia Nuttallii, the purple Conanthus * } aretioides, th@yellow Emmeranthe glandulifera, the snale-head-like Anisocoma acaule, and sev- eral ®pecies “of the ever-beautiful Cnotheras. ‘ke most striking of all uprears the rare A Cruz-Malte of Dr. Kellogg, holding at arm’s length its large balls of pink flowers. From ‘the roeks on/eachghand have Peptste- mops and Areuarias, whi gorgeous: Esch- scholtzia shows its red eyes between the clefts, and the immortal Lewisia rediviva on the gravel above aspires to notice by creeping to the edge of the precipice. This plant, is well named rediviva. Roots gathered nearly two years ago are erating atill in, their papers, de-pite heavy pressure, illustrating the power with which basin climate. Deep-rooted in the voleapic little, stiff-leaved, crimson Oxytheca perfoliata. . Under the spiny bushes.of Bigelovia graveolens, carpeting the whole valley, are seenafew plants of Le:tocarya penicillata, strayed away from the coast, and Blitum carinatum, only found before in Aubtfalia, (The upivitiated readet will plete! pardon these hard words, for we are on a botanical ex- cursion and this is Gray’s Valley. I haye not afflicted you yet with Cosmanthoides infundibu- liformis, nor Platyschkuria integrifolia, much less Ghiesbreghtia grandiflora. So give me - credit for a little charity.)—J. G. Lgknon. THE PACIFIC FRUIT CROP. OnE of, the last things dreamed of when we conquered California from Mexico was that it would prove au Eldorado for us ; and when we discovered bow rich “ftwas i the precious metals no one ever imagined that it would become our chief dependence fora supply of early summer fruits. But pears, apricots, plums, and grapes fresh from California are abundant in our streets and have been for a month past. The Pacific Rural Press says in relation to the fimt crop: ‘Beautiful to the eye, delicious to the taste, and ponderous withal is the California fruit- crop of 1876. Heaping are the baskets. pressed are the. boxes which come to the city stores; heavy are the loads which come to the drying and canning establishments of the interior. So far as the deeds of the trees and vines are con- cerned, the result is magnificent in almost all the fruit-growing counties. Nature has smiled upon the orchards and poetry is almost. within reach when we write of this branch of the timely topic, ‘ the fruit crop.’ “It is unfortunate that one is forced to turn away from the thought of profusion when the fruit crop is considered in allits bearings. It is not pleasant to be compelled to remember that, a8 couditions are now, when the -fruit-grower’s hands are heavy with his crop his pocket is light with the profits which accrue from it. We have looked almost with pity on the huge ba-kets of golden peaches which have been heaped up on our streets, to think that all the richness they contained would hardly bring more gold than the pickers, the transportation companies. and the: commission merchants would require for their services, and that the enterprise an 1 skill which called these treasures into existence must be content with mere nom- inal rewards. We do not mean content, for the fruit-growers. are not content, and their impatience is promising, because it leads to activity in deviring means by which a better state of things may be secured. “No one is really helpless until he thinks him- self thus. No-one is floored by a problem until he gives up the effort to solve it. The energetic attempts which are being made this year to seize upon the rewards .of a. wide. aud systematic Eastern trade in our fruit. product are promising. It cannot be doubted that here lies one great opportunity. We have not been given a climate and soil of peeuliar fitness for the growing of; peerless fruit thatthe , fruit may fall and rot where it grows, We hayenot “been brought into quick communication with our Eastern countrymen merely for the pleasure of home visits and for tours. Our time of full- ‘Héss. does nottome when they lack merely to give us an opportunity to exult, over them. No ; thése things are our commercfal ad@van- \aacraend success lies in using them: in. their greatest possibilities, ' “The Eastefn shipment of green fruits has this year disclosed features of gréater promise than heretofore.» , We havevfrom'time: to time Inentioned the facts inthe. cases as they have _occurred, and we shall continue to note all new facts. It is of the general rationale of the® en- terprise we would speak at this time. deductionsfrom facts are the soundest scien- tific statements. It will appear to one who looks at the subject carefully that the ship- Over the dry watercourse Cleome lutea peers, they. are endowed.to resist.the severities,of the , ashes of yonder bench, rm ountitipalin te, i the prettiest of the Cacti family ; av@that od@ itheg _ training in éxperiniental processes, in. General '}) Imthe-universities all instruction'to’ agticuk Place a desirable product at a time of.etareity gives the seller an advantage. Thé laws of science concerning the peetiee eee of Gecay are 80 well understood that. rrert the powerful agencies to arrest 4 he pres : The expenstve friction of transportation is ne [September 7, 176, , Jeha, Giesen, and Kiel. Students 1 ‘tural course may, if they choose, “te: e Yectures in all the other branches, e-serieult ural course embraces. ing i ‘the following topica: jaspuie: i> ry “of “civilization, of agriculture,and of agricul- fng smoothed, and common carfiérs’ are ‘eom- | tural’ Mterature } ubiversal arithmetic, geom- ing to a fairer regard for the rights of people and of trade, Wenote this as the tendency of the day, and.as it progresses the- matter of dis- tance becomés less in alk commercial calcula- tions. All these items we have noted have @ direct bearing upon the Eastern trade in our productions, “We canvot find a better illustration of what determination and a thorough application of scientific and commercial laws will accomplish toward anuibilating distances than in the suc cess which has been attained. during the last year in the exportation of fresh meat from this country to the Evglish markets. We priot in another colaumh this week some very ivterest- ing facts concerning this trade. The idea of John Bull having his roast beef slaughtered 1n America is as startling a trade proposition as one could imagine. If present indications do not deceive, it willdot be long béfore theChrist- mas beef of the London markets parts with its horns and hoofs away off in Australia. These things show that. modern trade shrivks from po difficulty, and, better still, that trade, joining hands with science and invention, ‘wins victor- ies which a decade ago were deemed impos- sible. “While trade is accomplishing these wonders, our producers should not disregard the lessons which are taught. While there. remains. mouths to’ eat and pockets to pay across the mountains and the plats, it ismot the part of enterprise to let our fruit go to waste on the hands of ‘our city merchants or fall to the hogs in the orchards, “Of course, we do not regard the Eastern out- let as the one thing teedful for the insuring of : profit to our orchards. There are other enter- prises which need prodmotion. This year will record a good mark in the number of preserv- ing e-tablishments which have sprung up in new localities. We believe this and. other branches of the business will repay a wider |, enlistment of capital and enterprise. We have spoken chiefly on the export of .green fruit. be- cause it is in itself a matter of great interest and one of the promi-ing features of.the out- look for our constantly expanding orchards.”’ AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION IN GERMANY. THE reported present status of’ agricultural education in Germany;’as fostered and con- trolled by the imperial. government, embraces the following facts and features. The system.. includes agricultural common schools, middle schools, and academies; and from these an agricultural course in the universities... The course of instruction in: the common. schools embraces theoretical and practical lessons in agriculture, veterinary lessons and démon‘tra- tions, surveying, end something more of scien- tifié instruction than.is imparted in other ele- mentary schools. . The middle schools teach arithmetic, history, and geography; the’ En- glish, French, and German languages ; chemis- try, physiology, botany, and zoology ; agricul-, tural management in general, with, lectures:on. | veterinary treatment, drawing, building;>at d agriculturalldws. These’ two. classés of “agri- cultural schools are especially designed to im- part the best practical education for their vocation to those who, without higher advan- tages, are to become small! farmers or overseers of small farms: Accordingly, in contection with their studies and under direction of qual- ified teachers’, they are required to practice all kinds of farm-work, in order that they may acquire practical judgment and skill for doing the same: themselves, or directing laborers under them to-do it, in the most approved apd’ profitable way: There are scattered through’ the empire something over 150 of these two classes of schools, though some of them are limited in the course of instruction to special- ties, as vine and fruit culture,; horticulture, bee-keeping, etc. The- pupils. receive-board- and lodging in the establishment. Each pupil is thi bed & ee sith votre the state payin There are inthe perc six agricultural acad- emies, located at Eidena,,Proskau, Popples- dorf, Munich, Tharand,and Hobenhein. Con- nected with these academies are lands on which, ndents, are are -given demromattationsy a to instruction in all sciences related to agri- culture. tural studentsds theoretical; the prevaletit idea in late years being that it is better for such. students, after gaining..a good, preparatory ducation. to spend @ few» ¥eats® in ee arming, previous to theoretical instruction. in, the university. There are nine antventles which bavé-agricdit cB at etry, and geodesy; experimental physics, chemistry, mineralogy, botany; and zodlogy.;5 national economy, taxation of farms, agritul- © tural management,’ and bookkeépine; the § sciencé of finafce, agricultural statistics, and” agrieultural and» commercial laws; general land-tilling, special plant-raising, cultivation of. meadows, horticulture, wood-cnlture, the breeding, keeping, feeding, gud, veterinary treatment of live-stock, wool-growiug. and horse-shoeing ; agricultural machinery and im. plements; surveying, leveling, draining, and building ; practice in chemical and physiolog- fcak Jaboratories, demonstrations, and dissec- tions in veterinary clinics and anatomy ; and in draining and estimating soils. HARVEST HORRORS. Ir is with feelings of deep réeret that we'call attention to three announcements of dread dis- aster in. our harvest fields which are printed in our “ Agricultural, Notes” this week. Is it not a sad reflection that industry which main- tains life to the world sbould call for such life sacrifices from its votaries? It is one of the _ glories ‘of civilization that it places a higher estimate upon the valueiof. humag life’; and yet we are constantly called to remember that the , agencies which civilization has introduced into — everyday life are powers for harm which the days of ancient rudeness did not know. The old-time threshing- -finors were scenes of feast/ ingand. rejoicing, The-quiet cattle trod their » harmless round ; the pounding flail broke few heads but those of wheat. We live in other days atid deaF'with other agencies and powers. Now and then there oecurs @ calamity: whieh seems to indie¢ate that men ‘foreet, and play with danger like children. There is a whole- some lesson t> draw, and that is care—vigilant, ; unceasing care, for humanitv’s sake. “ Muzale not the Ox'which treadeth. out the corn” was a kind provision for the animal in the early days of agriculture. The powerful, soulless force which we employ to do the work which & billion of oxen could nét accomplish between harvest and seed-iime must be most carefully and strongly muzzled, or! men must pay the penalty of neglect with their lives. The practice of agriculture to-day requires rkill whieh the days, of emall;things did not demand. We have entered the field of the machinist and, bave taken his most dangerous agencies t> serve us. With the agency we should secure a machinist’s knowledge of it. Tt canpot be denied that in some cases this knowledge is wanting, and thoughtless men brave dangers which the skilled machinist would fly from, if he could not remove. Our steam threshing-engines are drawn from place to place, and set up with es little care, sometimes, ow Yaga man would set up a cider-press; and. yet every machinist knows that these small motors need greater ptoportionate care io handling ‘and adjustment than the sturdy gisnts of the shop and factory. As thévare quick to heat, so are they quick to superheat. As they are con- stantly subject to movement and disarrange- ment, the consequences of these conditions ‘must be the mare carefally looked sd andrem- j edied, © Iteantot bedoubdted that deste, i Teast haf the fatal cases we describe this week were caused by something which might bave been obviated. Evenif the cause were thoughtless carelessness, it is Hardly excusable, for there ‘are many cases where thoughtlessneas is almost acrime. We trust the lesson of these disasters ‘may not be wholly lost. No man should fire an engine before ‘he ‘fs sure ‘that: everything about it is realy for the heat and the pressure ; ‘and when the work is well begun there should be no-relaxation of» care and, watchfulness. ; For hitivanity’s sake, du ‘not! let -homés “be! robbed and friends bereaved, so long as the utmost of care and.watehfulness is not be- stowed upon the dangers which beset the steam- ad i = farm. —Pacifie Rural Press. eee e aye —— LIQUID MANURE FOR POT-PLANTS. THE beneficial results obtained from manure- water, when judiciously applied to fruiting and flowering plants} have og been Técognized by 2 Seeger and it use is now becoming more general. bt known that . » roots of plants feptthy when wi eoil, free from ra fn pire manure, and that these roots “will draw more esha nourishment to the plants from manure given in a liquid state than when they are encased i 7 material, which they can thatuind >! e know that our most successinl grapegrowers use very little solid ,,™Manure in the soil—only a few bones, or bone- meal, or siwilar material, whieh cannot give off more stimulant than the plants can consume, Berlin, Halle, Gottingen, Kénigsherg, Leipsic, These will remain muchAlongér In the sdil'thatl growt till Nc eut di the us places shoul remai with 1 when grew | than ¢ and f WH. prose that ¢ that have Inista folloy Wwithe peop! near] want want in re: of tl &yste mon prop same that . the p of ar farm

Page 31

September 7, 1876 THE INDEPENDENT. manure, Which digsolves, their action as 4 fertilize wea ted ET The successful florist .b as more faith in gi stimulants whefi ‘the oo rae 4 hang thent than in keeping thejro: in soil made rich and almost alee ng. manure. When roots are few most at rest the purer the sofl and ola less stimulant the plants receive the better will they thrive whea their roots come to draw up larger supplies of nourishment. Moisture is needed to soften the coil and toallow the roots to extract nourishment from it; but when all the virtue ds out of the earth and the plants begin to show signs of dis- tress all the watering in the world will pot give vigor to the exhansted functions. But ‘Jet a portion of guanoor any well-prepared manure be mixed withthe water, sufficient to color it, and let this be repeated at every watering, in- stead of giving a much stronger dose at longer intervals, and the result, will be most satisfac- tory. We have tried a numberof experiments this season with liquid manure, and all lead us to have faith in the application of it, at every watering, in a weakly state, Anumber of old fuchsias were stunted and pot- -bound, and pressure of ‘fore important mat- ters prevented our potting them ‘into fresh earth; but to each watering a coloring of guano was allowed, ard the plants, with their pot- pound roots, haye not only made vigorous growth, but flowered-freety from Jane ‘onward till November. Some pelargopiums, which were cut down last season’ and allowed to break in the usual way, were shaken out of the pots and placed in smaller ones;* bat when'-they should have been shifted they were allowed to remain in the small pots, which were crammed with roots.’ Guano-water was given at all times when they required moisture, and the plants grew and made fine foliage and. flowered better than others which were favored with large pots and fresh soil. ‘ WHITE SKIN OR LUNG-WORMS IN SHEEP. Ar a recent meeting of ‘the Ohfo Sheep Breeders’ Convention, Dr. Townshend, of the Agricultural College, spoke of lung-worms in sheep. He described these worms, which in- fest the lungs of ‘sheep’ in’ large numbers, as follows: ‘ The females are white and about as thick as No. 8 sewing-cotton, four inches in length, and full of ova. The males are fewer in number, of a yellow color. and only, about four inches long. This was a description‘iof these worms as found ina sheep sent to the college some two years ago, that had ‘died withthem: He said he had not had an opportunity.to observe these worms at other seasons and could not fully state their natural history. So far as his examination went, there were no young strongyliin the sheep, but all were matured. What might have been if the examination had been made at other seasons he could not tell. Itis probable that the eggs or young worms are coughed out of the air-passages {n the spring, and live fora time on grasé’ or in the water to which sheep have, access. In ponds and streams in early summer we ‘may find im- mense numbers of little nematoid worms, evidently in an early stage, for they are séxual- ly imperfect. We-find, what, appears to. -be the same worms in the larve of several aquatic in- sects—such as libellula, agrion, ephemera, and phrygane, ‘We find|the! worm in fish and birds, and particularly in meadow-larks. Still, how they get ott of the sheep and how in again, and where and how'the balance of their life is spent, he could not tell, and said that, so faras he was concerned, this wasa missing link. That trouble from them in sheep was always at one season of the year. As a remedy, he recommended, first, fumigating. in. a close toom by burning salphur; which caused violent Coughing, and then; give turpentine in - Spoonful doses once'a day for several days. GOOD SENSE NEEDED. — No branch 6f Gnsitess cam be sticcesefully Prosecuted without labor, and it is ae that a fair amount of: inf@ligence; is’ need order to sueceed, Sdme_ people have an that anybody can run a farm, whethBnaility | i ees have any intelligenive or- not ; bdt'this isa preat | mistake, Fens means -more, than merely | following a plow o lodding from ay to day | without forethoudia : ‘oF byatem? "That Many People are. ‘ip Yeap: ds true ; nearly every rte) flure arises not of Want of goddisdil'drifrood markets, ian a Want of proper application ofthe meaps with- | in reach of every tah, who will avail himself | of them. A man cannot rif a farm Without system; and. he must know that his { money, that his land will not.produee without Proper cultivation, that diff same farm-are adapted: to that every seed must be p the proper season, *_Itis of an ignorant; schoohtea farmer. By this we donot m than no.ideas.at all. .An educated farmer is not a maf so much of books asof good hard sense. He avails himself of the experience of others, learns by observation, corrects his own mistakes, and lays his plans in accordance with all the facts within his reach. These are the men who succeed and make farming a business kiod with the fruits of his intelligence and in- dustry. AGRICULTURAL IMPORTED DUTCA BULBS. Our New Descriptive Priced Catalogue of ar | - nee for BR J.M. THORBURN & CO., 15 John 8t., New York. PARTIES ' wr TH A CAPITAL OF 810,000 or more, wish’ £0, eng ge ip a business at once heaithful, oneah . Pro’ poeaad safe. should cor- respond with J ree. Pro ropriet meno of the Fairport Nursertes, Fairport, Monroe Having wwo Nursery Farms. he A to sell one, or secure a partner wich c®pita) to assist in running both we’, are opposi:‘e:and near the C. and H R R.R. Depot at Fairport, 10 miles east of Roch- est r, very ‘handsomely loeated in the best nursery region in Amer'ca, with a good trade and well-earned reputation for growing tree stock. sare all down. Nursery-men have been plant- ing but very.jittie. Now 1s the nick of time. Bg “FOR THE HOUSE Ph ek aiayNe- 7 Vic~’s Floral iae al teks crip: yacinths ps. La and all bulbs and seeds for Ry I Planting 1 in Whe Garden and for Winter Flowers in the House. Just published and sent free to all. Address N.Y JAMES VICK, R hest NEBRASKA AHEAD! THE B & M.RAILROADCO’S LANDS! The best Agricultural and Stock Country in America! Hosen LANDS IN A GOUD CLIMATE! ne Credit. Low ®ares and Syeicigs. Hera or fa barciewtare Free aS Land aTs'ap MR R. Con Barilngten, lowa. PORTLAAD, ROMAN, & KEENE’S CEMENTS. 8. L. MERCHANT & CO., Importers, Entrance on Maiden Lane), 76 South Street, N. Y Remit10c. oostage for Practical Treatise on Cements. THE FARMER’S FAVORITE | MILL. arin er in Send for l- lustrated Cir- cular. i Hiecganom 1’ gCom’y, Higganam, Conn. STANDARD FERTILIZERS. Pure Bone Superphosphate of Lime. Ground Bone, Bone Meal, Bone Flour. New Yoru 1 ont ce 138 Kron Btrect. om Farmers and ray Dealers #e invited to sendfor ‘SWETT, QUIMBY & PERRY, "Prowtaik Fireplace Heater, CARD A GENERAL LINE OF | stoves, eee AND HOLLOW | “a Mi E "FOR THE PEOPLE. fh awema eos area he en : po ce “ey le ire omen “eon Ly de spay 5 started in from a ity detven “by th | gines of note: ‘ut:from 2000 to 4000 feet ‘per TSCHANDLER & TAYLOR: knowledge; f ore Practical sense if Tun a: = w wid neal read or! write tham He etd ag. it in algebraic style and in the tical knowl-. edge is good when made p ; but when held asa mere form-of-knowledge dalauemnad which yields its rich harvests.and blesses man- , = EMPIRE. oe WORKS, 'HO: FOR CALIFORNIA! THE LABORER’S PARADISE! Salibrious Climate, Fertile Soil, Large Labor Returns. NO SEVERE WINTERS, NO LOST TIME, NO pe NOR INSECT PESTS. Dail aries ew yorts 7 — hia Baltimore, ¢ shicago, St. Loui “Senta os diate Puints, tom aon a Fran cisce. EMIGRANT TICKETS AT LOW RATES. Choice from Nearly Every Variety of wat, Grazing, , and ber Lands. The Central Pacific Railroad Co. now offer, a it to their rafiroad lines in CAL- ones N oT large bi d cultivation, and offers unequaled advantages for set- Gamo E or inveeument. Bae te lands pode tne S| each side of fic extend ble waters of the Bee f , across nd most po n of the Sa-ramento Valley and both siopes of Sierra Nevada Mountains. They ding with , Sw » Norw . ‘The central — of Carifornia is al ready noted for the excel- ence of its what, grapes, pears, cherries, strawber- ries, sma:l fraits. and ayins success to settlers. Say isl Rie “siens ye dle ; eet this b belt. cacannaen B of tne. ompan: have result bug ny CALIFORNIA eth QUBGCOR H, m the renowned Valley vf thé Sacramen- to, extending seam aie e center to the northetn bound- vot the state, the ae aiso Offer a chuiee 8... San .ns—wheat, tale te =n the country. and also offers unr? nrivaied facil: Bm tor extens've ana profitable sheepand stock tazing, The whole coaiprises some af the best Land in 8 NEVA thie main Ite of. the Cent ‘ Railroad veto the ‘ nd Hu ae ee eys. the largest and tracks in the state, at a short distance from numerous and important mini iz regions, whose yie'd of the precious metals is esti- mated at from fifteen to twenty million dollars an- pupal y- The lands of the Company are so situated as to commana these markets for their Per Large herds of cattle are a a with jittle or no trouble in the Humboldt Valley and the valleys which join it. ‘Wherever the proper cultivation has been applied these lands bave ided good crops of iro cereals, nt ee ~~ Lak a e great e ani eeutagous eval successfull w ere the Mormons huve so y trated the fertility of the soil and the h alth- = of the climate, che Company have also good TLE PATENT DIRECT FR°M THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT. These lands wiil be soid in to suit. Immigrants, coloni uantities and on term 3,and capitalists. 74 desire to acquire indestructible real 7 perty certain be mqvance n value, wi'l ae benefited by an examina- phiets, maps, etc., will be furnished by ap- pa rl to EDDING, LAND COMMISSIONER CENTRAL PACIFIC R.R Railroad oe ree. Fourth Fs ae ste. n.Franeweo, Cal. $252 550 PER DAY SCAN ACTUALLY BE MADE WITH THE rae Well Auger WE MEAN IT! Mdaltootedite dibendt.s ; 3 are operated entirely by 3 and will bore at the rate of or 26 oust Eon PER HO They bore 3 TO 6 FEET IN DIAMETER, Mee ET ee reay yell ” And we MAKE the BEST of WELLS QUICKSAND. ae we ge roi AGENTS Wanted in bee! fm mo) in = United States, Bend fq-2 PB ae che? coat SLL WO a Aer tt BLOOMFIELD, DAVIS CO.,10WA. "” | as \AaP-State in what paper you saw this adver- tisement. HE JONES & CO Oid Established Troy Bell Foundry continue to manufacture those superior Bel s which ea ss the world. NTED WATISFACTO Partwcu ion given to Church Bells, tne, and Peais of Us. Niustfated Catalogue sent f MENEELYS’ BELLS. a geauine Froy Charck Bells. known wo the = eh, Tax whieh bave pYa sd a reputation e by any and a sale that of al. e 0. "Address either "Ror or W &&8&T TROY, NRELY & COM PANY. BupKers | pet. Que ORY. ev qotar! 7 a — and Tin, mounted with the en Deore Hangings, for Churches, Schools, Farms, Factories, Court-houses, Alarms, rune! Clocks. etc. etm Warranted. Mustrated Cutilogive sent Vanduzes & Tift, 102 & 1% B. Sewea Be, Cin, Setiated MEDICAL. RANDALL’S ENGLISH FOOD. ve health This rich, nourish:ng +o _d whi always and endurance to the HORSE; cousequently fine con- dition twice daily, will a vernas two quarts more of richer milk. Hogs. Cattle, end Poultry fat- ten at ONE-HALF THE COST. Co.ics and worms can- not exist if this food is used. apple bags of 100 feeds sent = receipt $1.75. Depots: Thomas L, andall & (o., |1l Vine St, Philadelphia; A. lL. ogus & Co . Howard 8. Baltimore: cee irkaby, 2 “Boerum Place. Brooklyn, N. solicited for agencies. A»ply to Phil. adelphia. Name this paper Opium and Morphine Cure, The origina) and only poltahiy and has not failed ina single case for twe: a is Addrnss THO aes G. “FAY Secretary, Sixth Avenue. New York URAL MOUNTAIN |JELESO WATER isa oan tration of all eutative qualities.of tthe mos ebrated Mineral Springs in the world. bottle contains cia ty es and is ual to 3 one hundred botties 0 6 Natura! Spring Water. Asa Tonic it is ane aaned. navn markable success in curing seme of ¢ had most re- e most aggra- vated spepsia, Nervousness and General Devilits It is simple, harmiess, and pleasant to ke If us as « gargie in its pure state, on the Geet appea disexuses, it works like magic It arrests the progress of and cures such compiuints in less than twenty- four hours. it will greatly ajleviace or entirely cure the worst cuses of umatism ema ahd ~~ diseases of the skin. Prickly Heat, Poisoning by lyy. Sumac, or Oak are guickly cured by the oon Jeles.» Water. We will forward three bottles of the medicine to any part of the United _— free of expres-age, on receipt of the price, $1 .er bottle. Send for Circular, containing testimonials = directions. ¥or ‘ail Druxgists ana by “WARREN & CO0., Proprietors, HOMGOPATHIC MEDICINES FOR FAMILY USE. Cases es containing twelve principa' remedies, with Cowra” t.eir use, sent by mail, prepaid, on re- ceipt omy HOMEOPATHIC PHARMACY, 1 Foarth Avenue, New York. Aes FIGARO Restores to their original color in a few days GRAY HAIR or BEARD, E. FOUGERA &,CO,, 30.North ita St. N. Ya Agents for the United States. errs Pills or pena St of Iron ended for Scrofalous and de« bilita cones tutions and female disorders, oo Cas orosis, Leucorrhwa, ‘Amenorrhea, Dysmen- orrhea, &c. Sold by Druggists. ‘Price $0.75 & $1.25 pet bottle. E. FouGera & Co. Agents, New York

Page 32

THE INDEPENDENT.

Diseases, like rivers, spring from small causes. The roaring river may not be easily diverted from its vourse, nor the neglected disease from its destructive work. Taken in time, disease, which is merely an interrupted ction, may be averted by the useoft Nature’s remedy, ’ Tarrant’s Seltzer Aperient. It combines the medicinal properties 0; |, ne eral waters in the world. yTAMBrown SOLD BY ALL DRUGGIS1.. COLGATE’ (0,’S Harness Soap. A new article, gotten up especially FOR USE IN THE STABLE. The testimony of the practical persons who hare used it pronounces it the FINEST THING OF ITS KIND IN THE MARKET. It is not only adapted to the wasning of harness, rendering them soft and pliable and leaving on the surface a beautiful polish; but_bas proved itself without 8 rival in its virtues ‘asa Healing Soap when used on horses’ feet and legs. TESTIMONIALS. The letters below will indicate the favor with which it has been received by gentlemen versed in all the wants of the stable: CoL@aTE & Co., New York—Gentlemen:—We have used with much sati ion at our stable Colgate & s Harness Soap. We find that it not only cleanses, but leaves the harness in a soft and pliable condition. We Seppe hy recommend it as an excellent article for the purpose Very truly yours, etc., H.MARSH, Sup’t Adams Express Co.’s Stables.

T can confidently recommend it as a most excellent article for cleaning and polishing harness and =e and think it cannot ¥ to come into general G DOWNING, Sup’t Jersey rsey CY and Bergen ‘RR. After using it, we find ‘the b harness not onl but presenting a fine, gio: omy appear ance. superior to Castile soap, wh: + mn che clean, ‘Think it Sup’t American Ain. Co.’s Stables. After eight months of trial, ve —~ not oe issue any ‘Other for company or hospital pur E. ‘ARRIER, Chief Engineer neer Jersey City Fire Dep't. I take gbongune in testifyin Dg to the excellent and erior quality of your ness Soap and cheer- fully — — it to all who aes petty to use a similar a: | we EB RRACH 152 and ist East Twen as Street, New York, To meet the demand of the trade, we have added “to our list of styles a BLACK HARNESS SOAP, made of the very best materials and with great care, which we id lyr d as superior to’all ‘other black soaps in use. For sale at the principal Harness and Drug Stores, and in boxes of 12 Ibs., 32 Ibs., and 86 Ibs.. by COLGATE & CO., 53 and 55 JOHN STREET, NEW YORK.

SHUTTLE SEWING MACHINE THE BEST ANI CHEAPEST FIRST CLASS MACHINE _IN THE WORLD ) EVERY WHER * ! }

AGENTS WANTED TO “ I |FOR UNOCCUPIED TERRITORY jWE OFFER UNPPRECEDEN 'MENTS. FOR FULL j)ADDRESS WILSGA SEWIN }827 & 829 BROADWAY,

Q NCW RICANS og VA NEW UNLEANO. DECKER BROTHERS’ CRAND, UPRIGHT, AND SQUARE P . A 2 TC LESS 83 UNION SQUARE, NEW YORK. SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED. CATALOGUE, HARTFORD PUMP CO. Water raised to any hight and distance by COMPRESSED AIR. The best and most economical means yet devised for giving a Country House or Farm the water con veniences enjoyed in cities. For Catalogue and Price-List address HARTFORD PUMP O0.,

1 246 11 Jan 77 ALACE THE BEST IN THE —— WORLD=— ORGANS

Manufactured by the LORING & BLAKE ORGAN CO., of Worcester, Mass., and Toledo, O. The only organ made in which is successfully com- bined the following essential qualities of tone: power, dépth, brilliancy, and sympathetic delicacy. The most exquisitely beautiful solo effects ever pro- duced. The only stop-action ever invented that can not be disarrang y use. The only pad made with bellows capacity so that it requires but little effort with the feet to seoply all the air desired. The best made and most elegant cases in market. Noshoddy ornaments used—nothing but solid wood. Every Organ fully warranted for five years. Write to us for Illustrated Catalogue and Price List, which will be mailed postpaid on application. Address LORINC & BLAKE ORCAN CO. great TOLEDO, OHIO.

RKS “CHORDEN NL FALCON PEN.

hice 26, John Sto TARR EO ISR

PRICES REDUCED May 10th, 1876. For Sale by all Dealers. WINCHESTER REPEATING RIFLE, MODEL 873.

THE BEST RIFLE MADE. Forthe HUNTER [NDISPENSABLE. For the SETTLER on the Indian FRONTIER a NECESSITY The SHORT and MID-RANGE MARKSMAN can find nothing better. HANDY, ACCURATE, and unequaled for RAPIDITY OF FIRB. For Il)ustrated Price-list and Pamphlet 0 RIFLES, METALLIC AMMUNITION of all kinds, RELOADING IMPLEMENTS, etc., address WINCHESTER REPEATING ARMS CO., It is SIMPLE, STRONG, LIGHT NEW HAVEN CONN.

BAR SLOW WROUGHT-IRON FURNACE. Su jor tos Steam ‘oe er, at one-third the cost. The Most Perfect Heating Apparatus ever made. Thousands of testimonials

CRYSTAL FIREPLACE HEATER A new departure, combining important im prove- ments, found in no other. BARSTOW STOVE COMPANY, 230 Water &t., N York. Previdence, R. I. ie 56 Union St., Beston. FURNITURE. LARGEST FACTORY IN NEW ENGLAND. THE LARGEST STOCK, THE BEST STYLEs, THE LOWEST PRICES.

~ we have unequaled facil: ties for furnishing the best —— at the lowest prices. for paceieling halls, b i churches, lodge- rooms, ete. will be furnished : at short notice. = " semesien:’ SAMPLE” PATENT ‘ROCK ER. F.M. HOLMES & CO., =i Bleecker ‘ ‘est 4th carsenhere 173 w kerk

PIA. ROO

Jo the Sa College and Telegraph Institute at Kalamazoo, M h. Board $8 per week, Journal free.

Pears Transparent S0ap. RECOMMENDED BY THE FACULTY AS THE MOST PERFECT CLEANSER AND EMOLLIENT FOR THE SKIN. WARRANTED PURE, CONTAINS NO COLORING MATTER. HIGHLY PERFUMED, FREE FROM ALL DBLE- TERIOUS COMPOUNDS. PURITY AND EXCELLENCE GUARANTEED BY FRANCIS TOMES & CO.., IMPORTERS AND SOLE AGENTS FOR THE UNITED STATES, No. 6 MAIDEN LANE. MIDDLETOWN PLATE COMPANYW’S CENTENNIAL DESIGNS, IN SILVER PLATE, Main Building, near Elevator, at Centennial. Factory, Middlete Ty) sow oom 15 Jobn Street, N. ¥ hen Sale by Leading Deslers. LAWN SETTEES, WITH FOLDING pa a soneen Hae and A Tpole le Croquet, Flower mt Zero ra 4 ete. Send for lustrated Catalogue. @. WEBSTER PECK, . Manufacturers’ Agent, ~ 110Chambers &t.. New York.

iW, JOHNS? PATENT, NT A wt ER I: 4 LS. OU FLAG, Boot Epa COAT for re TING

HARTFORD, CONN, “eas insurdsnatesPunnn Woon. 9§, 20 Gh ROU. ING, ROOF PAINTS al EA -Pien COVERINGS, F OOA' |

[September 7, 1876," JOHN Fie WANAMAKFRaci INE AG 81840820 ST Qi Diee "PHILADELPHIA. PONDS EXTRACT, PONDS EXTRACT. The People’s Remedy. The Universal Pain Extractor, Ask for Pond’s Extract Take no other. _—_—— ‘Hear, for I we speak of excelleng hings.”’ POND’'S urrnate The Pain Destroyer. Has been in use over thirty years, and for cleanliness and prompt curative virtues cannot be excelled. CHILDREN. No family can afford tobe without Pond’s Extract. Accidents, Bruise; Contusions, Cuts, Sprains, are reliewal almost instantly by externul application, Promptly relieves pains of Burns, Sealds, Excoriations, Chafings, Old Sores, ils, Felons, Corns, etc. Arrests in. flammation, reduces swellings, stops bleeding, removes discoloration and heals fapaily. FEMALE WEAKNESSES. It always relieves pain in the back and Joins, fullness and press. ing pain in the head, nausea, vertigo. IN LEUCORRH@ A it has no equal. All kinds of ulcerations to which ladies are subject are ne sod cured. Fuller details in book accom. penying g each bottle. PILES—blind or bleeding—meet prompt reliet and ae rw ° rad con however chronic or obstinate, can long wen apd use. VARICOSE VEINS© It is theorly sure care. ae" anon — It has no equal for per

Note: BLEEDING trem. any cause. For this it isa spe. cific. It has saved hundreds of lives when all other remedies failed to arrest bleeding from nose, ome inne —_ wo Ree ore heumatism pee <p alike rel relieved, =f a anently cured. pHysicras 8 of all schools who are anes with Pond’s Extract of Witch Hazel recom- mend it in their practice. We moe letters of commendation from hundreds of Physicians, many of whom order it for use in their ht praetice. In addition to the foregoing, t order its use for Swellings of all kind, * insy, Sore Throat, Inflamed Ton: sils, simple and chronic Diarrhoea. tarrh (for which it is a apeeitch retails blains, Frosted Feet, Stings Insects, Musquitoes, etc., Chappe Hands, ~ gg and il manrer of IrorLET USE. Re Removes Soreness, Roughness and Smarting; heals Cuts, Eruptions and Pimples. It revives, invigorates and ve, while wonderfully improving the omplexion. TO FARMERS—Pond’s Extract. No Steck Breeder, no Livery Man can afford to be with out it. It is used by all the —_ Livery Stables, Street Railroads and first Horsemen in New York City. It has no equal = rains, Saddle Chafings, Stiffness, gy Swellings, Cuts, Lacerations, Bleed- Pneumonia, Colic: Diarrheea, Chills, Cade, &c. Its rangeof eation is wide, and the relief it affords is so prompt that it is invalua- ble in every ar as well as in every — house. Let it be tried once, and you never be without it. cavrion! Pond’s Extract has been imitated. The genuine article has the words Pond’s Extract blown in each bottle. It is prepared by the only persons living who ever knew how to prepare it progeny.» a . other preparations of the only article used by Physicians, Maint in the hi Peas s of this tae and Europe. HISTOR Pond’s Extract, in Hd « m form, sent free on a agentes ta POND’S EXTRACT COMPANY, 98 aiden Lane, New York, The Favorite Cigarette Roller. PRICE 50 CENTS. eeeenpect, simple, practical, and appreciated by okers. Sent by mail on receipt of price. Keep the Boys at Home. MAKE IT ATTRACTIVE

BY SENDING FOR

RIFLE AIR-PISTOL, | Price Reduced to $4.00. POPE M’F°G CO., 45 HICH STREET, BOSTON. _ Ww. & B. DOUGLAS, MIDDLETOWN,

great Vegetable i