Harper's Weekly 1908-01-25: Vol 52 Iss 2666

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EDITED BY GEORGE HARVEY THRE OCR & BROTHERS, NEW YORE JANUARY 25 1908 © PRICE 10 CENTS

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UNCLE REMUS'S MAGAZINE ONLY $1.00 PER YEAR Those who read it say it pleases them more than any other magazine Mr. Billy Sanders Visits the President The story of this trip of the Sage of Shady Dale to the White House is told in the inimitable fashion of Mr. Sanders, who is in reality a character through which the Editor of Uncle Remus’s Magazine exploits his views on general affairs. THIS WILL BE JUST ONE OF THE MANY STRIKING FEATURES in the FEBRUARY Namber of UNCLE REMUS’S MAGAZINE 10 Cents PER COPY Edited by ._ FOR SALE AT ALL $1.00 by the YEAR Joel Chandler Harris news DEALERS P. S.— (Here's an extract from Mr. Sanders’ story of his trip): “ No sooner had | shuck the President’s hand than the dinner bell rung— we call it the supper bell at my house—an’ then a lovely lady come to'rds me, wi’ the sweetest lookin’ young gal you ever laid your eyes on; an’ right then an’ thar | knowed whar the home feelin’ come from.” IF YOU FAIL TO READ MR. SANDERS’ STORY OF HIS "°r > THE PRESIDENT YOU'LL MISS A TREAT Why not subscribe to Uncle Remus’s Magazine? If you send $1.00 and mention Harper’s, you will receive a beautiful reproduction of Miss Florence Mackubin’s famous pastel of Joel Chandler Harris. HARPER’S WEEKLY f NEXT WEEK IS NEW YORK EQUIPPED TO FIGHT FIRE? By WILLIAM INGLIS Recently a {2-story factory and office build- ing in the heart of the city was swept by fire. Three firemen lost their lives, and the property loss was estimated at from one to five millions of dollars. | The fire was marked by the failure of water pressure and the bursting of rotten hose. Incidentally, two great street transportation lines were crippled for days. The reasons for this disquieting state of affairs are given in detail in next week’s HARPER’S WEEKLY HARPER'S FOR FEBRUARY MAGAZINE THE SEARCH FOR A NEW CONTINENT An expedition, backed by The Royal Geographical Society, Har- PER’S MAGAzINE, and The American Geographical Society, started out last year to discover a new continent believed by many scientists to exist in the arctic circle. Mr. V.STEFANssSoON, of the scientific staff of the expedition, has recently returned, bringing with him an inter- esting account of the unusual adventures of the expedition, together with many striking arctic photographs, which appears in February. MR. HOWELLS IN YORK, ENGLAND One of the most delightful of Mr. Hewstts’s sketches of travel in England. A charming picture of places and people in the famous old cathedral city of York, one of the most picturesque of English towns. Illustrated with drawings by Ernest Haskell reproduced in tint. THE ARISTOCRACY @f, PARTS OF SPEECH Another of Professor THomas R. LounsBury’s invaluable yapers on the usage of the English language. The pronoun, says Prof. LounsBurRY, is the most exclusive of the parts of speech, and it is with the history of the pronouns that this paper deals. An article full of new information and unquestioned authority. IN THE HOME OF THE HABITANT ‘ Howarp E. SmitrH, a young Canadian painter, writes of the quaint life in a Canadian village not far from Quebec, where many of the picturesque customs and manners of old France survive to-day. Mr. Smirn has made a large number of striking pictures of these unusual scenes, some of which are reproduced in color. AT THE UNIVERSITY OF PARIS President CHARLES F. TuHwinc, of Western Reserve University, writes of the University of Paris, one of the great institutions of learning of the Continent. His views as an eminent educator and a keen observer are of great interest and importance. THE NATION’S BREAD Professor HARRY SNYDER, of the College of Agriculture of the University of Minnesota, has made a study of the bread we eat. His studies were made for the government, and the results are most interesting. He shows that the patent flour which we all use is, after all has been said, the best. It does not, perhaps, con- tain as much apparent nutriment as coarser flour, but it contains it in such a form that we can more easily digest it. This is only one of many interesting points. 7 COMPLETE SHORT STORIES Variety of type, high literary quality, and great interestingness are the notable qualities of HARPER’s short stories. Take those in February for example: ‘‘Dona Victoria,’ by PERCEVAL GIBBON, is a love-story of Portuguese Africa, a romance with a tragic con- clusion; GrEorGE HiBBarp’s story, by contrast, is a love-story of to-day, of a delightful American girl and a contrary young man, and of a kindly old ambassador who settles their difficulties by his diplomacy; ELmMoreE E.Ltiotr PEAKE’s story is a love-story, too, but of still different types—of a mountain girl and man in the South, and of the girl’s renunciation; ForRREST CRISSEY writes of a boy’s curious rebellion against his mother; and GrorcG Scuock, whose stories have already put the author in the first rank of American story-writers, tells a strange, grim, yet happily-ending tale of some quaint Pennsylvania country people;’ FANNy KEMBLE JOHNSON contributes a touching and uplifting story of a young man’s heroism and self-denial and his father’s heedless selfishness; and OLIvia Howarp Dunsar, in her story ‘‘A Prophet Honored,” tells of the return of a humorous writer to his college reunion, and of his vain endeavor to assert himself as a man of serious purposes. The humorous story of the number is THomas A. JANVIER’s ‘‘The Moon-Mirror Light & Power Co.,”’ a tale of another remarkable invention of the versatile Beverley. Mrs. Humphry Ward’s Great Serial, “‘The Testing of Diana Mallory” eine ue Pr ————— Oe Vc i| a ~ I ! ie RR RNS nae “

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New York, Saturday, January 25, 1908 VoL. LIl Copyright, 1908, by UAKPER & Brorners. All rights reserved — / Oe RW BRK» 1, U5 SRS RISK o> - Z, AG OOK, KS IEKKK CORR “oy g =. 3S Sw SSS SS Yj bbl Sax Ly DIN, ", ay i WOME Seb 4, fj Fe 2 t Ye rile Ye \ @s GOOD BUSINESS! MR. BRYAN IS SAID TO HAVE MADE $52,000 LAST YEAR FROM. HIS LECTURES

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HARPER'S WEEKLY Vou. LII. No. 2666 EDITED BY GEORGE HARVEY THIRTY-SIX PAGES NEw YORK CiTy, JANUARY 25, 1908 Terms: 10 Cents a Copy —$4 00 a Year, in Advance in the United States, Mexico, Porto Rico, the Philippine Islands, Guam, and Tutuila, Postage free to all subscribers Hawaii, Foreign postage $1 56 Samoa. To Canada, 60 cents extra. Entered at the New York Post-office as second-class matier HARPER & BROTHERS FRANKLIN SQUARE, NEW YORK, N. Y. LONDON: 45 ALBEMARLE STREET, W George Harvey, President, Franklin Square, New York, N. Y. Frederick A. Duneka, Secretary, Franklin Square, New York, N. Y Frederick T. Leigh, Treasurer, Franklin Square, New York, N. Y. COMMENT Is Bryan Defeated ? Ix the light of to-day no one can any longer believe that Bryan is the inevitable Democratic candidate for President. There has not been a moment since his opening speech on his return from Europe when the majority of Democrats have really desired his nomination, or when any intelligent and well informed member of the party has not believed that he would, if nominated, lead the party to a defeat more ignominious, more humiliating. more contemptuous, even, than the overwhelming disasters of 1896 and 1900. There have been apathy, hopelessness, almost despair, especially in the South, and predictions of Bryan’s suecess in the conven- tion have been general. The listlessness brought about by the feeling that the old candidate was inevitable, that he was to be perennial, gave tone to Democratic utterances, and deprived of hepe many citizens, Democrats and Repub- licans, who have desired the return of rational government, of dignified observance and administration of the law, and who camot expect or hope for either from the Republican party. But as the inevitable seemed about to be accepted by those who had contended longest against it, the great, though seattered, opposition aroused itself. Strong voices spoke, and they have awakened Democrats to an activity that is full of promise. It seems now as though Bryan could not possibly be nominated at Denver, as if the party had suddenly determined to assert its unquestioned power, and as if it really intended to take advantage of its oppor- tunity. In every State of the Union there has long been strong Demoeratie opposition to Bryan. It is now a matter of elementary knowledge that Bryan cannot obtain the votes needed to elect a Democratic President. That he would be defeated at the polls has heen admitted by men who have intended to support him if he were nominated; that-he will be defeated in the convention is now the expectation of hosts ot Democrats and many others, who for months have been gloomily looking at him as inevitable and at his cowering party as doomed. What Are the Facts? Bryan had his day in court, and it has been a brighter day for him than he can possibly enjoy again. Of the two trials of Bryan by the American voters, the verdict of the election of 1896 was the more favorable to him. Then Bryan earried ten Northern States, of which Kansas was the largest and most important, and his own State of Nebraska the HARPER’S WEEKLY second. Of the eight others, most of them were what have been familiarly known as “mining camp States.” The ten together gave to Bryan in 1896 forty-five electoral yotes and a popular vote of 692,000, as against a popular vote for Mc- Kantey of 409,000. In 1896 Bryan received from tiie whol country 145,000 more votes than he received in 1:00, anq twenty-one more electoral votes. In 1900 all the Norther States voted against him, with the exception of Colorads, Idaho, Montana, and Nevada. Losing his own State of Nebraska, he saved only thirteen of the forty-five Northern electoral votes which he had received in 1896. The est that Bryan could now do in the North would be to recapture the small States that left him in 1900, and which since then have become peculiarly Rooseveltian. The recapture of even these is not probable, and no practical political fore. caster would count upon any of them. Even if by some chance Bryan should recover them, he would obtain only about twenty-seven Northern electoral votes, while he needs about ninety. The wildest Bryan visionary cannot specify any Northern State from which any part of this lack js to be made up, and sustain his dream by any reasoning that would appeal for an instant to any rational man. e ¢ Recent Protests Against Bryan The WrekLy quoted in its last issue a notable editorial from the New York World, presenting the facts and argu- ments which demonstrate that Wooprow WILSON would be an available Democratic candidate, and would be strong where Bryan is weak. A. few days before, the World reviewed the career and presented the opinions of Governor Jornsox of Minnesota. He too, it was shown, would be a stronger eandidate than Bryan. In the mean time the Ohio Demo- erats have announced that they will send to Denver a solid delegation in favor of the nomination of Jupson I/armoy. Delaware is committed to Judge Gray. There are other States, especially Southern States, that will probably attend the convention with candidates. Marse Henry Warrersonx is likely to awaken to the fact, and it will be a happy awaken- ing for him, that opposition to Bryan is not belated. The Charleston News and Courier reiterates its opinion that “with Mr. Bryan as the Democratic candidate there would be no possible chance for suecess at the next election.” At the dinner of the National Democratic Club of New York the chief speaker of the occasion was one of the most re- spected and one of the most lovak Democrats of the State-- Morcan J. O’Brinx, formerly Chief Justice of the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court. Amid the applause of the company he gave judgment against Bryan’s claims. He declared that the party should cease from endeavoring to promote the fortunes of one man, and should find a leader who would stand for “sound and sane” Democracy. At the same dinner there read a letter written by Grover CLEVELAND, who has come to be the symbolic figure of the reviving party. His pronouncement against Bryanism was received with cheers. Ilis assertion that the country needs “conservatism, recuperation from nervous prostration, re- instatements of constitutional observance, buoyant but none the less safe prudent Americanism, scrupulous care of every person and, every interest entitled to care, and a ‘square deal’ that means exact and honest equality before the law and under constitutional guaranty,” was accepted as a criticism of both Roosrvert and Bryan. Some of Mr. Bryan’s most intelligent friends, notably Michigan Demo- crats, are beginning to doubt his strength, and well they may, for the oppositien thus far developed on the mere sur- face commands a sufficient number of votes to prevent his nomination. At present the Denver convention promises to be a real party council, and whenever the party sits down to talk over the matter, Bryan cannot possibly be nominated. Men do not commit suicide as the conelusion of a delibera- tion. was and The Aldrich Currency Biff The Atpricn currency bill.was reported on time, and, 8° far as the Senate is concerned, is scheduled to be passed. As Speaker Cannon is said to favor the measure, it is likely that it is also to go through the House of Representatives: and, this happening, the President is certain to sign it. It is a bill prepared for the purpose of meeting and overcoming heretofore immovable objections, especially from the West See

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have e ten S and gy Mc- whole , and thern radc, te of thern that e the then e of fore- some only needs ecify ‘k is that orial regu- (| be rong ewed NSON niger emo- solid MON, ther tend RSON ken- The that ould At ( rk and the South, and is probably as sound a piece of financial legislation as ean be: passed through the two Houses of Con- oress at this session. It is well, however, that its real value ie understood, and that the country should comprehend that the bill does not provide for a scientific currency, nor con- stitute one that is as elastic as this country ought to possess. The reason is that its movement out of and back into the banks will not be automatic. Whether the whole or any part of the $250,000,000 emergency circulation provided for is to he issued at any time depends upon the agreement of the Secretary of the Treasurer, the Treasurer of the United States, and the Comptroller of the Currency. This is better, of course, than that the power to determine when the emer- geney has arisen shall rest with one man. The currency provided for is still to be bond secured paper, which is a system in which very few, if any, bankers, and no economists, have any faith. The bonds which may be employed for securing the issue of notes are not to be United States bonds alone; there are to be included with these municipal and State bonds and other first class securities, such as the laws of New York and Massachusetts permit the savings banks to accept. A tax of six per cent. is to be imposed upon the currency in order that the banks will be eager to sur.ender it when the emergency is passed. There will be a contest against the bill when it reaches the House of Representatives, for Mr. Fow er expects to counter with his own bill. This measure provides for an asset currency and for the redemption of bond and faith secured notes. Notwithstanding its de- fects, the ALpricu bill, if enacted, will be a valuable addition to our banking laws. With it we shall at least be relieved of the necessity of resorting to expedients, illogical and doubt- ful, for the relief of such money famines as we had in 1893, and as we have just experienced. The Supreme Court vs. Roosevelt _The United States Supreme Court has declared the Em- ployers’ Liability Act unconstitutional, and has thus upheld the judges of the lower Federal courts who offended the President by disagreeing with him. On this important legal (or is it political?) subject Mr. Roosrveitr has been very active and aggressive in demanding this now overthrown law, so aggressive, indeed, that he has invited a good deal of censure by his attitude and his words. He has warned the railroads, for example, that it would be bad for them if they criticised the law, and by lecturing, even hectoring, judges who have differed with him on the constitutional question involved, he has outraged the sense of propriety of all men who comprehend the significance and the value of an independent judiciary. He has further unconsciously betrayed his own incompetence to deal with such a question by insisting that such a law should be upheld unquestioning- ly and without regard to its constitutionality. Now the Supreme Court has decided that the law is unconstitutional, notwithstanding that the President has said that it “must” be passed, and must be made “drastic” and “ thorough.” It would be of great value to the country if the decision should result in compelling Mr. Roosrvett to recognize the supremacy of the law, and of the judges as the interpreters of the law. The Decision Seven of the justices hold that the Federal government has not the power to regulate the relations of employers and employed unless they are actually engaged in interstate com- meree, and unless the law seeks to affect their relations when they are so engaged: Five of them hold that the law under consideration was so broad and general in its terms that it included persons not engaged in interstate commerce—as, for example, persons employed on an interstate railroad, but working solely on a local branch; persons employed by the same or a like road, but working in a repair or a construc- tion shop, or in a clerical capacity, or in an elevator or a warehouse; or a person employed by a telegraph company to deliver or transmit both interstate and local messages; or per- sons employed by an express company engaged in both interstate and local business, or on a trolley line moving almost wholly within a State and for only a short distance in another State. [t was assumed by the seven that such employment would he wholly without the jurisdiction of Congress. Two of the seven, however, believed that the act under consideration HARPER’S WEEKLY could be divided so that it might be made to apply to per- sons engaged only in interstate commerce. From this view of the statute the five justices differed, and so the court held that any Federal law which directly or indirectly seeks to regulate or affect the relations of employers and employed engaged in any but strictly interstate business is unconstitu- tional and void. On this general proposition seven are agreed, while- four of these, and perhaps five, seem to hold that Con- gress may not regulate any such relation as that of employer and employed engaged in interstate or any commerce. The court has thus rendered a very important decision—a decision which, joined with that in Kansas v. Colorado, upholds the legitimate rights of the States with the power and clearness with which Marsuatt upheld the rightful power of the Fed- eral government when that was attacked. Justice Wuirtr’s opinion in the later ease deserves to stand alongside of Justice Brewer’s in the earlier case. It will be very difficult, in view of this decision, for the President and his advisers to frame a constitutional employers’ liability act. The Riding Test It may be thought that the army riding tests are objec- tionable to officers of the line. They are far from being so. Officers of the line are eager to be fit for any military duty which they may be called upon to perform. With staff of- ficers, like engineers, quartermasters, and others similarly situated, the ease is different, but the line officers believe that they should know how to ride and that they should practise riding. They also believe that they should know how to shoot and to fence. They object to be called upon to endure a practice ride, however, when for all the years of their service the government has given them no opportunity to keep in practice. The President has advised the making of some provision for better army mounts, but better still would it be if Congress should give to all officers who may be called upon to ride, including infantry company officers, an allowance for forage. This is done in foreign armies, and if it were done here, officers would keep their own horses and would ride them. To call suddenly upon a poor captain to ride from fifteen to forty-five miles presupposes that he has kept in condition and in practice; but, as a matter of fact, the government has refused to make any provision that would enable him to maintain a horse; nor has it kept any horse of its own for his riding. The President might as well eall upon all officers to display skill in revolver shooting— an essential accomplishment for officers—although there is not a revolver range in the army; nor is there much, if any, provision for fencing outside of West Point. An Argument for Wilson and Johnson The Philadelphia Inquirer is convinced by Governor JoHN- sON’s insistence upon the tariff issue that he ought not to be President. It asks if he is fit to be President of the United States? The question and its answer are as applicable to Wooprow Witson or Judge Gray or Jupson Harmon as to Governor JonHnson. The answer of the Inquirer is: “He is not. He is eonvicted out of his own mouth.” He is “a rank tariff revisionist.” The Inquirer does not seem to know that the rational Democrats are seeking a candidate who will be cursed by none of the essential Republican sins, but, on the contrary, blessed by non-Republican virtues. Therefore some “rank tariff revisionist ” who has never faltéred in his faith is precisely the kind of a candidate for whom Demo- crats are looking. The President and the Admiral The documents in the ease of the President vs. Admiral Brownson, so far as published, have been interesting reading. Very few compliments have anywhere been offered the Presi- dent on his handling of the Admiral. By something closely approaching general consent it is held to be a defective feat of castigation, more harsh than the occasion warranted, not altogether dignified, and mistaken in some of its assertions. It is even a question whether the Admiral had justly incurred a Presidential rebuke at all. The President said in his letter of reprobation that there was “no room for difference of opinion as to the gross impropriety of the Admiral’s conduct in resigning sooner than carry out the orders of his superior officer in such a matter.” But there certainly 7s room. To the lay intelligence the issue was one on which the Admiral

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might properly record his divergence from the Presidential decision by asking to be relieved from his office. His retire- ment upset no plan, hindered no official purpose. The only bad effect it had was to make the President mad. Possibly the manner of his getting out failed to conform in some particular to naval etiquette. Perhaps he should have issued the order, and then asked to be relieved without stating his reasons. As to that, we do not know, and if the method the Admiral actually followed is not entitled to all the sympathy we give it, still it was not “grossly improper,” “ childish,” or “in the highest degree reprehensible,” nor was it inspired by “personal pique, wounded vanity, or factional feeling.” The Admiral undoubtedly had the good of the service quite as much at heart as the President has, and resigned his ap- pointment because his sense of duty constrained him to. Of course his resignation should have been accepted, and in ac- cepting it the President might properly enough have dis- sembled his love for him, but we cannot see that the good of the service at all required that he should be kicked down- stairs. A Hard Nut to Crack The President is not a good seold. He is too hearty and miscellaneous about it. His weapon of reprobation is a blunderbuss and seldom makes a nice job. Too bad! His position on the question on which he and Admiral Brownson differ is quite a different matter. He says a hospital ship is a hospital and a doctor should command it. The Admiral (and the navy generally) says a hospital ship is a ship and a navigator should command it. To landsmen like us the President’s view commends itself, especially as set forth in his letter on the subject to the Secretary of the Navy. But the truth is that a hospital ship is an amphibious beast, of a mixed moral nature, in the sea but incompletely of it, contrived to further the ends of war, and yet consecrated to works of peace and merey. It ought to be commanded by an amphibious officer, and that is what the Department is trying to invent by conferring maritime and military rank on surgeons. Yet the difficulty of making the invention work is bound to be very considerable. The two most signal pro- fessional autocrats that our civilization has produced are the ship captain and the doctor. Each of them, in crises, has life and death powers in his own domain. How to make a single ship hold twe such fountains of authority is indeed an awful problem. Even if the doctor is put in command, as seems io landsmen so reasonable, his rule is incomplete, since the President’s order prescribes that the hospital ships in the navy shall be placed under the control and command of the navy doctors, “their navigation being exclusively controlled by a competent sailing master and civilian crew, the sailing master having the complete responsibility for everything con- nected with the navigation of the ship.” If it was necessary, then, to navigation, to put the doctor in irons, the sailing master could do it. It is a hard nut to crack. To our mind the President’s method of cracking it is as good as Admiral Brownson’s, but we presume we are wrong abdut it, and we are pretty sure that Congress, which is going to try to crack the nut, will crack it wrong. There seems to be no way about it that is theoretically perfect, or will dispense with common seuse in operation. The “Thunderer” Changes Hands The sale of the London Times was a piece of news that ap- proached pretty closcly the dimensions of an event. Sore trials the “ Thunderer ” has had, beginning with the ParNneLu trial, when it paid a huge price for the privilege of being obstinately and somewhat credulously wrong. Its sortie into the bookselling business was doubtless actuated by embar- rassments resulting from the expensiveness of this experience. Whether its bookselling ever was profitable has not been dis- closed, but it got the paper finally into a row with all the pub- lishers, and into a loss of book advertising, which cannot but have been a very substantial fiseal grief to it. These were fairly grievous woes, but might have been digested by a concern of unimpaired constitution. But back of every other trouble of the Times there has been, we suppose, the funda- mental difficulty that too many people have learned to read. Being readers, they have to have newspapers and want cheap ones, which get enormous circulations and harvest the profit- able favors of the advertisers. It is elsewhere set forth in HARPER’S WEEKLY this Wreekty of how large a family of lusty periodicals a:id newspapers Mr. ©. Arritur Prarson is the parent or pro- prietor. It is to his string that the Times is now addead, though he is only one of the buyers, and the new director.te includes a representative of the Water family whose ow; the Times has been for three generations. It is given out that though the business management of the concern will he renovated, the paper will not be changed in form, price, or . character, nor tied up to any party, though it is credited with a disposition at present to advocate Mr. CHAMBERLAI\’s protection schemes. Very possibly, therefore, the Times is good for future doings as great as any in its past,. though to have it pass from its traditional WALTER associations into the new Pearson guidance is a good deal like having steel armor fade out before firearms, and stone embrasures take their dismissal from modern guns. Newspapers and their Prospects The last quarter century with its improvements in printing presses, its typesetting machines, and its cheapening of white paper. has been a nerve racking period for the old established uewspapers. Any paper that had formed habits has had to keep them in a constant state of revision, and very few cf the older papers are there in the world to-day that have more than a faint family likeness to themselves of twenty- five years ago. There may be changes just as violent and disconcerting to tradition in the quarter century to come, but in some particulars the pendulum seems to have swung about as far as it is going. Existing newspapers are hardly likely to be as much exposed as they have been to the com- petition of newcomers at a lower price. The one cent paper’s tield must be fairly well filled by this time. Most journals that had anything to fear from that competition have al- ready had their fears. realized, and news and general wisdom ean hardly be successfully offered fer less than one cent a copy unless our government can be indticed to issue a half cent coin. White paper seems likely to be dearer pretty soon, and the chances are rather favorable for a return to two cents of many papers that now feel constrained to sell for one. Size, too, seems to have got yell past the point of greatest expansion. Newspapers are not trying any longer to issue “us many pages as they can. The price of paper and a recur- rence of common sense have checked that nonsense. Our papers are not likely to be bigger or cheaper than they are now. The effort to improve them, which never flags, is likely, therefore, to be directed to betterment in their quality; get- ting better brains inta them, writing and editing them better, and providing them with more reliable news. The Smoky Automobiles Mayor McC.Le.ian in his annual message made some good recommendations as to the regulation of automobiles. He would have all automobiles equipped with adequate mufflers which should never be cut out within the built up parts of the city, within which also he advised to prohibit the use of the confusing acetylene headlights. More important than either was his recommendation that, “except for the first ten seconds after starting the engines of an automobile, no smoke should be allowed to come out of the exhaust pipe.” The smoke, said the Mayor, is wholly unnecessary, and is simply an evidence of carelessness and incompetence. That is quite true. It is due to a careless use of lubricating oil. It is very objectionable and offensive, and in the streets of a erowded city is an impudent nuisance which should not be tolerated. To keep the air of cities as pure as is possible is only less important than to furnish a pure water supply. Paris and London both prohibit smoke from automobiles. New York should do the same, as should all American cities where there are automobiles enough to make their habits in this respect a matter of moment to the public health and convenience. New Jersey Is Awake An editorial copied elsewhere from the Newark Morning Star attests the growing fervency of New Jersey’s interest in Wooprow Witson as her candidate for President. New Jersey has no other candidate, nor has any State a Demo- cratic eandidate who appeals for such persuasive reasons, and on such comprehensive grounds, to so many indispensable sections of the country. br ta re Ce th So to no sh mi all th to dis fre wi Col he mt a f the pul the an Se of Re pla lea anc act to wel pat wh eXi syn vie nov : We infl vig pre in hit fae floy leg gre nov tio1 ica

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A Candidate from the East and South ug New York World’s commendation of Governor JOHNSON of Minnesota to the attention of the next Democratic national con- vention was followed a few days later by an editorial article set- tine forth the special eligibility for the Presidency of Wooprow Wison of Virginia and New Jersey, now and for some eight years president of Princeton University. After a concise and effective exposition of the facts in Dr. WILson’s life that make him at once a fit and an available candidate for the Democratic nomination, the World proceeded to cite as vouchers for his political opinions and statesmanlike abilities a number of extracts from his writ- ings, the best known of which are Congressional Government, a Study of American Politics; The State: Elements of Historical and Practical Politics; Division and Reunion, 1829-1889 ; A Life of George Washington; and, finally, an elaborate and comprehensive History of the American People. As we said two years ago in this journal, no one who reads understandingly the record of the coun- try’s extraordinary growth, which in the last named work flows with apparent ease from his pen, can fail to be impressed with the belief that Wooprow WILSON is, by instinct and education, a statesman. We repeat what we then said, that the grasp of fundamental prin- ciples, the seemingly intuitive application of primary truths to changing conditions, the breadth of theught and the cogency of reasoning exemplified in the pages of that beok, offer conclusive evidence of sagacity, insight, and elevation of intellect and feeling worthy of Virginia’s noblest traditions, as was also the eloquent appeal addressed in 1905 by President Witson to his brethren of the South, in which he called upon them to arise from the ashes of prejudice and lethargy and come back into their own. There is a good deal more to be said in favor of Wooprow Witson’s candidacy for the Democratic nomination than was brought out in the World. In the first place should be noted cer- tain considerations suggested by the facts that he is by birth and rearing a native of Virginia; that he was admitted to the bar in Georgia, and practised in Atlanta until he renounced the law for the calling of an educator; and that the lady whom he married was a native of Savannah. There is no doubt, then, that he would be accepted all over the country as a genuine representative of the South, although, like JAMEs Mapison, he was sent as a young man to Princeton, and is now the president of that university. Is it not expedient that the next Democratic nominee for the Presidency should be a son of the South? Is it not admitted by many large minded Republicans, as well as by all Northern Democrats and all independents, that the South, although nominally restored to the full privileges of States in the Union when she was allowed to send Senators and Representatives to Congress, is still partially discriminated against so long as her sons are practically debarred from the highest honor in the gift of the Republic? Shall we ever witness a veritable union, not of law, but of hearts, until, with the cordial concurrence of a large part of the North, a Southern man hecomes Chief Magistrate? Another truth that cannot be driven home too often or with too much emphasis is the complication of the question of nominating a Southern man for the Presidency with the imperative necessity that the first post bellum Southern administration shall be indis- putably successful. To insure such success it is indispensable that the temper of the Republicans, if. beaten in 1908, shall be resigned and acquiescent, for they will remain masters of the Federal Senate, and, if vindictive and defiant, cculd paralyze all the efforts of a Democratic Chief Magistrate and a Democratic House of Representatives. Once more we repeat what we said in another place nearly two years ago, that if a Southern President is to leave behind him a bright record of constructive statesmanship and useful legislation, he must have the good will, if not the active support, ‘of the whole country; and such good will is only to be gained from a conviction, deep implanted at the North, as well as at the South, that both sections can count upon his sym- pathy, and, above all, upon that intimate acquaintance without which sympathy is fruitless. Such a conviction unquestionably exists with reference to Wooprow Wttson. Is such all embracing sympathy, such intimate and comprehensive knowledge of the views, wishes, and interests of all sections of the Republic, just now possessed by any other distinguished son of the South? There is another point of view from which the nomination of Wooprow WILSON might not only exercise a healing and unifying influence upon the sections, but also have a freshening and in- vigorating effect on the whole electorate. The American voter is pretty tired of military men, professional or amateur, considered in the light of candidates for. the Presidency. He is also just a bit tired of lawyers, and even of judges. He has become alive to the fact that, as things are now, the intellect of the nation does not flow solely or mainly through military, forensic, judicial, and legislative channels. He knows that in our day industry has its great captains, and education fts field marshals. Nor will any man now deny the right of eminent and fruitful workers in the educa- tional field to challenge the highest office in the gift of the Amer- ican people on the score of merit and of availability. As a matter HARPER’S WEEKLY of fact, even in the past may be found precedents for the selection of such men for distinguished functions under the Federal govern- ment. GEORGE BANCROFT, who was Secretary of the Navy in the PoLK administration, and subsequently represented the country in London and in Berlin, was by profession a college tutor and a schoolmaster. Epwarp Everetr left the presidency of Harvard College to become Secretary of State. ANbREw D. Wuuire, formerly president of Cornell University, has been invited more than once to occupy the highest posts in the nation’s diplomatic service. As we pointed out twenty months ago, no one has ever disputed that the statesmanlike duties assumed by these organizers, directors, and inspirers of the higher educatien were admirably discharged. Why, then, should not the Democratic party in 1908, when seeking a nominee for the Presidency who will not only deserve, but com- mand, success, turn its eyes in the same promising direction? It certainly could find in Wooprow WILSON, the president of Prince- ton University, a man richly qualified for the headship of the Federal government by great natural ability, by long and distin- guished administrative experience, by the illuminating and _ in- vigorating trend of his studies, by his exceptional popularity, and by his unifue power of securing the confidence, the sympathy, and the support of all sections of the Union. There is still another point of view from which the name of Wooprow WILSoN deserves careful consideration in connection with the next Democratic nomination. With the exception of ex- President CLEVELAND, he is the only widely known and eminent American citizen who at the present time is a resident of New Jersey. Now there is not a State in the Union, net even Virginia nor Massachusetts, that has so much State pride as New Jersey. Perhaps for the reason that uninformed New Yorkcrs sometimes speak of her with condescension, New Jersey passionately covets the recognition and appreciation which she believes herself to de- serve. New Jersey has never had a President of the United States, and if one of her native born or adopted sons should be nominated for that great office by a national convention, the difliculty of his opponent would consist, not in averting his sweeping of the State, but in preventing him from securing a unanimous vote. In 1908 only a Jerseyman will be absolutely certain to carry New Jersey, though we do not dispute the World's assertion that Governor JOHNSON would run considerably better than would Mr. Bryan in that State. What is true of New Jersey is measurably true of New York also. There is a multitude of Princeton men in the Empire com- monwealth and its metropolis; and wherever you meet a Prince- ton man you meet a sturdy, devoted, and indefatigable champion of Wooprow WILSON. He could rely with almost equal confidence on all college graduates who are alive to the magnitude of the services rendered to the nation by the organizers and administrators of our great universities, and who believe that the time has come for such services to receive due recognition. For this reason, and because the breadth and warmth of his human sympathies, to- gether with the soundness and equity of his political and eco- nomical views—he is a tariff revisionist—would commend and en- dear him to the great mass of the people, we believe that Wooprow Witson would be more likely than any other Democrat to carry New York by a handsome majority. We scarcely need refer to the effect of nominating a son of Vir- ginia for the Presidency on the States which in ante bellum days were Spoken of collectively as constituting the “South.” There is not a doubt that Wooprow WILson could win back for the Democracy every one of the Southern States now or lately lost, namely, Delaware, Maryland, West Virginia, Kentucky, and Mis- souri. All the rest of the Southern commonwealths he would hold in a vise of steel. On the score, then, of availability, conjoined with the qualifications of high character and eminent ability, what Democrat can possibly vie with the President of Princeton Uni- versity? Conversation as an Art CONVERSATION as an art, and not as the haphazard indulgence of an instinct, has been a subject much mooted of late. Lord RIBBLESDALE in The Nineteenth Century, Mr. Price CoLiier in The North American Review, and that felicitous writer of “ mid- dles” for the London Spectator have all offered their quota of criticism and comment upon the art, while a book by Mr. Ropert Waters, Culture by Conversation, adds to the data gathered that “the study of books for a specific purpose never yet formed the mind of any man.” Lord RIBBLESDALE waxes merry Over any one who prepares conversation, believing that only those should attempt it, apparently, who bubble as naturally as a champagne bottle when the cork of solitude is withdrawn. Mr. Co rer pleads somewhat wearily, and with a melancholy undertone of much sup- pressed ennui and boredom, for a half hour’s preparation. for the dinner table talk, urging, ‘** A comment upon one’s reading may be a cup of cold water to men and women thirsty and dusty with their own tasks and trials”; leaving out of account that large tract of

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society where the mention of a book would act scmewhat as a bomb exploding in the middle of the table, with disaster and silence and disintegration remaining after the explosion. “I was once at a dinner,” said an accomplished diner out, “ apparently of undertakers hired to mourn over the joints and birds in the dishes, when the ceiling fell, and we all sprang up as merry as crickets.” If you could but provide an incident to break into the decorum of the regulation dinner party, conversation might well be left to take care of itself—incidents, as the ready DIANA remarked, being prize shots at dulness. Talkers, however, like poets, are born and not made, and it is a question whether the art, cultivated as Mr. CoLLIer suggests, by so arduous means even as cramming from old magazines a half hour before the ordeal, would bear fine fruit. A cheerful countenance and a gay voice will carry off much futile comment, and the wis- dom of SoLtomon ponderously recited will fail to lighten the weight of a melancholy meal where talk hesitates. “To be able te furnish pleasure that is harmless. pleasure pure and unalloyed, is as great a power as a man can possess,” said the ponderous doctor, and it is just this that the born good talker ac- complishes. Those whose memories reach back to the slim, ascetic figure, the pale face and long silver hair, of the prophet ALcorT can vouch for this, no less than those who have dined with MArkK TWAIN and the late RoBERT INGERSOLL. But dinner table talk, apart from genius, which cannot always be had at dinners or in magazines or in the world at large for the asking, is more a matter of practice than of cramming. Conversa- “tion requires not so much manners as a manner, and who dines amongst strangers three times a week is more apt to carry away the conversational prizes than who does so once in three weeks. The main thing is to know the tastes and tendencies of the fellow diners. Argument is tiresome, assent—* coquetting with an echo,” as it has been called—is a flagrant bore, and wounded susceptibili- ties and hurt prejudices are disastrous to any sense of pleasure. Wit, that pure fire from heaven, lessens all difliculties, but it is as rare as or rarer than genius. Tolerance, kindness, and simplicity go a long way toward making general conversation a_ bearable evil; conceit and ex cathedra speech are the surest damper. Constant and copious talkers, such as exercise.a prolonged pre-. dominance over the whole company, do not commend themselves gracefully to the memory, as witness CaRLYLE’s grumbling recol- lections of COLERIDGE, or the gibes that stil! are current about poor MACAULAY, who, it seems, was so determined to hear his own voice at all times and at all costs, that he recited a book of MILTON’s “ Paradise Lost” aloud on a stormy Channe] crossing. All monopoly is offensive, and he is certainly the most graceful and gratifying talker who can take up our little hint or suggestion and develop it fully, aggrandize and amplify it until it returns to us a crown and a credit. At the same time it would be difficult to concede to the author of Culture by Conversation that the best minds are formed by con- versation, or the profoundest minds given to discourse. Who that has wandered through the CARLYLE house on the Chelsea Embank- ment can forget the anecdote which the old Scotch keeper re- hearses so punctiliously day by day, and yet ever with fresh gusto? “In this room it was, sir, that Mr. CARLYLE and Mr. TENNYSON spent a long evening, each smokin’ his pipe and neither of them speakin’ a word. And after three hours, when Mr. TENNYSON rose to go, Mr. CARLYLE said to him, ‘It’s a grand evenin’ we’ve spent, ALFRED, a grand evenin’... And Mr. TENNYSON, he just said, too, * A grand evenin’,’ and went out.” One can but faney Mitton or DANTE adding to the gayeties of a dinner table; KEATS was impossible at table altogether, and SHELLEY was distinctly a téte-d-téte talker, as Mr. BENSON, the essayist, in some of his intimate disclosures, proclaims himself to be. It has been said that to hear Mr. Henry JAMEs talk is much like hearing proof corrected aloud, though one or two of his comments at a hen dinner while he was last in this country shed illumination: and delight upon his feminine hearers. On being demanded some comment upon American women as compared with those he dined with in England, he first said that they all looked as if they did their own hair and did not take time enough over it, and later that they lacked “ mystery and ,magic.” The most brilliant talkers in fietion are doubtless those who walk through the pages of George MeREDITH’s novels, and, in the dearth of knowing whether Mr. MerrepitH’s own powers mcre nearly match those of the witty DIANA, or are of the epigrammatic caste of AprRIAN HARLEY, it is pleasant to be in the secret of a manuscript volume, called Days and Hours, lying in hiding in Enzland, which is no more nor less than notes taken by two fre- quent guests at Merepirn’s table of that great conversationalist’s utterances. PaTreR had a manner and a method, and has left behind him a glowing track of delightful anecdotes. Rusk1rn seems to have had the social gift up to a certain point, but one never could quite tell when a storm was imminent. On the whole, the conclusions to be drawn from the subject: are as various as life itself. It is fair to believe that if one have wit HARPER’S WEEKLY or genius or renown one can win through the ordeal of the »ost awe inspiring dinner talk, but if one belong to the class of Afr, BENSON and SHELLEY and require but one listener. and the: a sympathetic one, one is still in good company, and, Mr. Rover Waters to the contrary, one need not relinquish all claim to eu). ture. Personal and Pertinent CyrIL ARTHUR PEARSON, being born an Englishman in the [ng- lish parish of Wookey, the son of an English clergyman, cam: {o the United States eighteen years ago, when he was twenty-four years old, and was inoculated with a kind of Americanism w)\ic, has its virtues, and eke its vices. JOSEPH CHAMBERLAIN is yc- ported to have asserted that PEARSON was the greatest hustler |e had ever encountered outside of America. To be a hustler is to | in the minds of some Englishmen, one of the greatest of hunan products. In England perhaps they have too few hustlers; in America it may be that we have too many. At any rate, PEARSON is a hustler. Being born in 1866, he came into existence in a place which, in order to be definitely placed, has to be spoken of as near Wells. He is not a university man; but he had schooling st William of Wykeham’s fine and ancient school at Winchester. After coming out of there, instead of “ going up” to Oxford or Cambridge, he went at life with glowing courage and _ practical sense and became the proprietor of a large share of public opinion. He started Pearson’s Weekly, and then brought into existence Home Notes, Pearson’s Magazine, Robe’s Review, and other periodi- cals. Then, in 1900, he started the Daily Express, a halfpenny morning paper. Since, there have sprung from his brain the North Mail and Evening Mail at Newcastle-on-Tyne; the Gazette, Express, and the Evening Despatch at Birmingham. He controls the London Standard and the St. James’s Gazette, and he has united this with the Evening Standard. He has recently said that he owns “nine daily newspapers, four weekly newspapers, and eight—or is it nine?—yes, nine weekly periodicals, and six monthly things.” Now that, with the aid of a syndicate, he has taken from the historic WALTER family the management of that par- ticular section of the British Constitution which is known as the London Times, he and HARMSworRtTH express about the whole of British public opinion. A year or two ago it might have been doubtful if money could buy any one of the institutions of the British Empire, but PEARSON has done it. Things are changed, but the changes are going to be greater. PEARSON is vice-president of the Tariff Reform League, and so one may count on the Times becoming the advocate of CHAMBERLAIN’S tariff policy. It is said in England that Pearson is “not in journalism for his health”; on the other hand, the Watters used to believe, and many believed with them, that they were in journalism’ for the health of the nation. PEARSON is very rich, and seems to be on the way to be richer. WOODROW WILSON AS CANDIDATE (From the Newark, N. J., “ Morning Star.’’) The imposing personality of Wooprow WItSoN, president of Princeton University, looms up larger on the Democratic horizon as the date for the national Democratic convention approaches. And it is now certain that this commanding figure will be a formidable, and maybe the winning, candidate for the Democratic Presidential nomination at Denver. The growing faver of thought- ful Democrats for Wooprow WILSON is evidenced in the ,con- stantly increasing number of representative Democratic newspapers that are turning to Princeton for the Moses who shall lead the Democratic hosts out of the wilderness of false doctrines and social- ism. To a man who can as President give to the country a sane and safe administration, as well as a progressive one, with neither a tendency to the dangerous redicalism that imperils our national institutions nor a relapse into reaction to restore conditions the nation has now been released from, Wooprow WILSON represents the kind of conservatism that distinguished the fathers of the Re- public. The judgment of History is that these men of pure and lofty ideals, who humbled the power and pride of the British monarch, ernbodied a wisdom and foresight and a progressive con- servatism almost without example in the annals of the world. Of the same type is the great educator, historian, and publicist who presides over the great college of New Jersey, and whose interest in public affairs is that of a statesman, scholar, and, preeminently, the patriot. Wooprow WILSson is a Jerseyman, of Virginia birth, and his shining personality therefore belongs to both the great sections of our country. We know him, and honor him, as a Jersey- man. The Democratic party of the country is confronted by the alternative of nominating a twice defeated candidate. thus inviting a third defeat, or naming a man like Wooprow WILSON, whose candidacy would solidify the party and win over many Republican voters. New Jersey will, in all likelihood now, present, WoopRow Witson as its candidate, and it must be affirmed that the Democracy of this State could not make a better appearance in any national convention. pnt ae THE To the | sR session ; national of depos a bank. misfortU clamori! hide it. in if the the ban! If the of the 71 immedia the affai converte governm deposito as milli ment of same as another fail occ terest in of the ] as it W would g Our g dollars sea wall hearted people. We v appropr’ ington, dry in are call tance to Treasur: We m of our | are was insure ¢ We h sitting « our sho and stal The n could ni loss. I very fey rule, be were set it make tection. bill issu and it w tion wo if nothi The § currency matter $100,006 $50,000 making providin be hidde for pall after Ge money, | currency keep th posits. posits i one doll to the h ment of dollars We v of Presi incurred We p our fam of prote to the » and bus We hi people ¢ come of national With ou This | of natic

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GOVERNMENT GUARANTEE OF DEPOSITS IDEA Rosesup AcEncy, SoutH Dakota, December 18, 1907. To the Editor of Harper's Weekly: ; ; Sir—some legislation should be passed by Congress at. this protecting the American people against loss of deposits in ational banks. If the government would guarantee the payment " deposits of national banks there would never be another run on ; ak. If a bank anywhere should get into trouble through some misfortune, or otherwise, the people in that locality, instead of clamoring and falling over each other to get their money out and pide it. they would naturally support the bank and put more money in if the depositors knew that the government was standing behind the banks. If there was such a law and any bank should fail, the Secretary of the Treasury could order a bank examiner, or other official, to immediately draw on the Treasury and pay the depositors, wind up the affairs of the bank, and whatever assets the bank had could be converted into money and placed back in the Treasury. Should the vovernment lose a part or even all of the money paid out to the depositors of such a bank, then the people would be away ahead, as millions of dollars are lost every time there is a panic. Pay- ment of deposits should be guaranteed by the government just the same as national bank currency, and then we would never have another panic. Of course, gamblers, speculators, and plungers would fail occasionally, but the banks and the people would take no in- terest in it, and panics would be like the old wildeat money, a thing of the past. I believe the country would stand for such a law, as it would protect millions of big and small depesitors and it would give great stability to national finance. Our government does not think anything of spending millions of dollars on ship canals, battleships, publie buildings, expositions, sea walls, and civilizing the heathen, and yet Congress seems faint hearted about passing laws to protect the bank deposits of our people. We will appropriate a million for any old thing. We even appropriated $850,000 for a bridge across Rock Creek in. Wash- ington, D.C., a little stream that a thirsty cow could drink dry in a few minutes, but we get tender footed when we are called upon to legislate on a subject that is of great impor- tance to the people, for fear there might be a small loss from the Treasury. We make appropriations of millions of dollars for the protection of our river fronts. We put in the riprap in the fall, and they THE session are washed away in the spring, and yet we snort if we have to... insure depositors from loss in national banks. We have been known to appropriate $1,000,000,000 during one sitting of Congress to pay national expenses, and yet we shake in our shoes at the bare thought of placing our finances on a sure and stable basis. ~ mae ig The money in the public Treasury belongs to the people, and it could not be put to a better use than te protect the people from loss. Deposits being considered absolutely safe, there would be very few bank failures and the few that might occur would, as a rule, be able to reimburse the government in full after-théfr affairs were settled. But suppose there was a loss, what difference would it make? Like fire imsurance, we should, if necessary, pay for pro- tection. If a bank fails no one looks to see if he has a ten doller bill issued by that bank, as the government agrees to make good, and it would be the same way if deposits were guaranteed—no atten- tion would be paid to the matter and business would go along as if nothing had happened. The Shaw plan of issuing more currency, or having an elastic currency, in times of trouble by national banks, would not help the matter a particle. Suppose a national bank with a capital of $100,000 and deposits of $3,000,000, and that bank should issue $50,000 more currency, how long would it last if depositors were making a run on that bank? Not more than twenty minutes, providing there were clerks enough to pay it out, and it would all be hidden in an hour. That is not the remedy. This is no time for palliatives; strike at the root of the trouble and settle the matter permanently for all future time. Mr. Ridgely’s (Comptroller of the Currency) idea of patterning after Germany and France, and having a central bank to issue more money, is no good. The same objection applies. We have plenty of currency now if the people would not hide it, and the only way to keep them from hiding it is for the government to guarantee de- posits. Should the people lose a million a year in protecting de- posits in national banks no cone would feel it, as it would not be one dollar per capita for a hundred years’ protection. According to the history of losses sustained by depositors since the establish- ment of national banks would not amount to a hundred million dollars in a thousand years. We voted $50,000,000 in fifty minutes and placed it in the ‘hands, of President McKinley to rescue Cuba from Spain, and incidentally incurred an expense of several hundred million& more. We pay out millions yearly for life and fire msurance to protect our families and property, and yet we get cold feet when we think of protecting our bank deposits, which is of the. utmost importance to the people and of the greatest consequence to the commercial and business interests of the country. We have been wrangling over taxing national banks te secure the people against loss of deposits for fifteen years, and nothing has come of it. We should not depend on the bounty or charity of national banks. We are no paupers. We can protect ourselves with our own money. I am, sir, E. J. DEBELL. This is old Dr. Bryan’s new idea—this of a government guarantee of national bank deposits. Our correspondent has disclosed effect- Correspondence ively the whole attitude of mind from which it gets support. It is paternalism of the most preposterous kind. It is not hard to start a national bank and does not take very much money. Start one; it should be easy to get depositors, if the government will guarantee them against loss. They will not care who the bank officers are; they need not. They will not care to whom their money is loaned; they need not. Let the bank examiners attend to that. Let the money go where it is needed; the government has plenty more! Our correspondent does not see that the power that guarantees the deposits should also—must also—control the loans, and that the only intelligent way out of it would be to have the government own and operate all the national banks. Very likely he and thousands of others would be glad to have the government do that very thing—and own and run the railroads, and buy the cotton and tobacco, and sell the beef, and make the soap, and employ folks out of a job. All these services, and most others, belong in the same category with this proposed governmental duty of guarantee- ing bank deposits against loss through ‘bad loans by bank directors. Lose a million dollars a year by such a guarantee? Why not a thousand millions? It would not be an improbable loss in a year— like 1907—of contraction of credit after a period of huge expendi- tures, inflated by the government guarantee.—EbpITor. ANTI-RUM MOVEMENT Onto, December 15, 1907. PROPER LIMITS OF THE To the Editor of Harper’s Weekly: Str,—As I see the local option movement it reaches too far into absolute prohibition, and is no better than enforced State legisla- tion, as it is in some Southern States. I do not think even a majority should decide that a minority must not be able to buy intoxicants at retail, and use them in their own way and at their own homes. [I think every man should be master of what he wants to drink, as well as what sort of food he wants. Some fanatical reformers, who always slop over, would next want tea put under ban because there are tea drunkards in England and Ireland. Of course, tea and coffee both are intoxicants, I think; not as alcohol is, but, used to excess, tend to seriously affect the nervous system. If the temperance movement was narrowed right down to the issue which the open saloon presents, it would, to my humble view, be better than to clamor for absolute prohibition, against make and sale in any form of intoxicants. Wipe out the saloon everywhere, for that is what has played havoe and hell in every town and city, leaving the right to buy intoxicants as any other commodities. With the saloon exterminated, the question “does prohibition prohibit?” will not be discussed. I have patronized saloons all my adult life, and do now, some, but I am in favor of their utter extermination; they are a menace especially to youth. I am, air, A Civm War VETERAN. CAPTAIN AMUNDSEN A NORWEGIAN New York, F¥anuary 8, 1908. To the Editor of Harper’s Weekly: Str,—Among the notices in the “ Personal and Pertinent ” column of the WEEKLY, dated January 11, there is one in which you comment on “a Danish sailor,” Captain Roald Amundsen, who succeeded, ete. Captain Amundsen is a typical Norwegian sailor, born and bred in the land of Leif Ericson and Nansen. (Gjéa, his 73 foot sloop of Northwest Passage fame, is “made in Norway,” like the “ well known Viking ships discovered long ago,’ and preserved to-day— not in Denmark, but in Norway. Roald Amundsen is an ardent and highly devoted patriot, and he never tires of telling with what proud emotions he and his hardy crew locked up to the old Norwegianefag that floated under the gaff of tiny Gjéa on that historical voyage. And of course Norway is no less proud of him for the honor he has reflected on that country. HARPER’S WEEFKLY certainly always intends and wishes to give “honor to whom honor is due,” and will not, I hope, brand this natural correction as immodesty. I am, sir, Tom W. ScHREINER. PROHIBITION IN THE SOUTH LoutsviL_e, Ky., December 28, 1907. To the Editor of Harper’s Weekly: Simr,—I am greatly surprised to read in your correspondence column in to-day’s issue the letter entitled ‘‘ Prohibition Move- ment in the South.” Such sentiments seem to have but one pur- pose—the awakening of old North and South prejudices. Prohibition in the South neither aims at nor menaces our gov- ernmental revenue. I refer you to our $87,000,000 surplus of the last fiscal year. The movement started and has continued,—a measure of self- preservation. It has been strengthened by the fact that the people are realizing that the liquor business diverts land, labor, and capital—the three factors of production—from producing articles which would be good for the country, into producing articles which have a harmful effect. The people see that liquor revenue is collected from the consumer without offering a solution to the question of intemperance. I am, sir, A KENTUCKIAN.

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By ROBERT DUNN SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT FOR Orr Port au Spain, TRINIDAD, December 27. OR unaduiterated sang froid give me_ the British Crown Colony. At home, some _per- sons worked them- selves up almost to the point of anathema over the cruise of this Armada; but its entrance through the Mouth to anchor five Port au Spain has made Dragon's miles off less ripple on the surface of life in this metropolis of the outer islands, than a band of tourists on a sixty three days’ cruise—* 63 and up ”—could have caused. You see, only lately the Dreadnought took a practice run over here (at seven- teen knots average speed, by the way); and the British Colonial, who likes his lion rearing so loud that even the Londoner will put cot- ton in his ears, respects a Yankee fleet no more than a squadron of tramps and luggers. Why (thinks he), none of their ships mount more than four 12-inchers, or is more than 16,600 tons, or can steam bet- ter than nineteen knots, and you have no discipline, because smoking is allowed on the quarter deck. Trinidad carries the cosmopolitan- ism of the tropical seaport to the point of weary condescension. And what a slumgullion of peoples it is!—black men, African, and East Indian; remittance men and thin bank clerks from Liverpool who play billiards at the tourists’ hotel; and police inspectors with rooster feathers in their hats; . and effeminate little Venezuelans, sus- piciously swarthy, and rich Amer- ican consuls from the mystic rubber reaches of the Upper Orinoco. It is the Newport of hot South America. a very green Christmas—in open trolley But the streets, half like the foreign quarter of an East- ern treaty port, and half like the backdrop of a comic opera scene just as at home, who buy Panama. hats at cut rates over the selfsame cotnter with imitation spruce Christmas trees dyed a most poisonous green. at 85°. in Spain, the sailorman, drives around six deep in are filled with shoppers “HARPER’S WEEKLY” ABOARD THE “ Cleaning Ship after Coaling ” on the “ Rhode Island.” One of the fast Rites before leaving Trinidad And on top of all comes — and cars—with the mercury Aldebaran in squadron flagships so Aves Rock. And Jack, The Work and Play] of the Fleet BATTLESHIP “RHODE ISLAND” ship: “The wardroom of tlio Vip. ginia challenges the wardroom of the Rhode Island to a baseball came Christmas morning at ten o'clock." and, “ The steerage of the Keursarg will row a cutter race with the steerage of any ship in the ileet op Christmas afternoon.” So the sailorman betook himself the five miles out here to sea, to try to for. get the heat, and do as he would at Christmas time in port at home. The admiral of the second squadron gave a reception on his flagship, and then every one retired to his own mess, and the poisonous looking little Christmas trees appeared on the tables, decorated with real colored candles and _ presents for everybody, and the chandeliers were wound with that fuzzy gold and silver paper, and afterward we went to the vaudeville show in the fo’castle, done on a real stage, with the seats en escalon. But how does the navy man re- gard the destiny of this Pacific cruise? His opinions cannot be quoted, because officially he does not opine upon orders from above, per- sonally he is my host, and physically he is too much “on the job” to dream. Certainly our trip long vindicated itself as a_ practice cruise. Our “station Dill,” that small green volume of daily routine written by the executive oflicer, is giving us action up to its last let- ter—and on into unprinted appen- dices about meridian altitudes and star sights. The junior officers form a congress of navigators, weighty with calfskin books of formula; by day the decks glitter with sextant mirrors, by night the bridge supports councils concerning the comparative merits of Rigal working out latitude. imagine how we alone of all the fleet, though we follow our two lambfully, ought to founder if a midship- man made a slip in his timesight formula, and located us on the In the Strait of Magellan—of Matilda, as the jackies have already renamed it—we expect to annihilate al! snow peaks and get our position with the artificial horizon. It has been dire to So the navy man is the last to await or the town’s best hacks, trying to make the more thrifty Colonial sit up and take notice of him. Yet Christmas with the fleet was a very homelike, family af- fair. The day before, Jack had looked the port pretty well over, the Minnesota’s ball team had sampled the race course, which is the _ first thing any three Eng- lishmen gathered to- gether in one place construct; and the oflicers had sung rag- time in the parlor of the tourist hotel. For anticipate trouble, or to borrow it in the form of ideas of leav- ing the Atlantic sea- board unprotected, or of springing sixteen foul bottoms on the lone Pacifie’ drydock at Bremerton. His life on the battleship of a fleet in being has never been _ justly shown; few outsiders have the chance to observe it, and ex position is dull writ: ing. But, continu ous, irregular, monot- onous, precise, it is a revelation of _ the sufiicient unto — the day spirit of work some days before we anchored, many mes- sages like these were lashed from ship to “General Police.” Regular Cleaning of Mess Tables and Benches. In the Navy, “to Police” means “to Clean 10 ” one only less striking than the self immola- tion of the men who execute it. ener i, a

Page 11

Vir. m of game ock ;” ‘Sarge 1 the et on the » five 0 for- ld at home, adron , and own oking don | real for were and went the with n re- acific t be S not per: cally sd to long tice that atine a8 let- )pen- and icers tors, of itter the igal ep to two ship- the kies peaks n is or , or the pav- sea- mace Raceboat Crew practising on improvised Rowing Machine “T hope you don’t mind this shop talk,” you hear across a mess table deep in the devising of schemes for making turret ammuni- tion hoists safer; ‘ but I’m afraid it will be a good deal like this the whole trip.” An orderly brings in the coal report, showing how many tons each ship has burned during the previous twenty-four hours, This is signalled to all at noon. Which uses the least coal is a matter of sharp rivalry, and the figures vary from some seventy to one hundred and thirty tons. (We are generally third, with a bit over ninety.) To-day, for example, the has won with sixty-eight. “Oh, well,” comes consolation, “they haven’t had their fresh water condensers fired. They don’t bathe much, over on the she And it is something to learn that it is better for.the engines of a ship to travel all the time at about two knots less than top speed, than at the ten knots (lately increased to eleven) which coal economy and the older and slower ships demand, and that a mid- shipman, somewhat rusty in navigation, found that his observation landed him in the middle of* ; Wisconsin. HARPER’S WEEKLY hot when we get there, and later at Cairo the season will not yet be on. Still, and after everything, the navy man cheered; and take my word for it, he did so simply because he was glad of the billet, glad as any stay at home would be, to take a look around the world. Perhaps. As for the alleged danger of risking our ships on so long a hike, it is a mystery to all of us why a battleship should not be con sidered as much master of itself while going to Botany Bay as to Cape Cod Bay—if it is fit for inclusion in a firstelass navy. And I gather that the only difference, so far, in every mind aboard, be- tween this cruise and the annual trip to the Cuban ranges, when standard time is kept, is that now we change the clock every day— which is very annoying if you forget to set your watch, because it makes you late for dinner! Most of the way we have travelled in line of squadrons, natural order, which it appears will be our customary formation for deep sea going all the way around the Horn. Part: of the second day out of the Roads we moved in line of divisions, open order. We would change to column formation, open order, which simply places one squadron behind the other. It is easier to keep than the closed column, in which each ship points ex- actly bow to stern. On the third day out, Wednesday, the 18th of December, the Connecticut ordered that every command (travelling in natural order) dip its red and white position pennant whenever it varied, by more than forty yards, the 800- yard interval from the vessel stern on ahead, and keep it dipped until right position was regained. Evidently even this did not succeed in keeping us all properly sym- metrical in the admiral’s eye. Sometimes a division assumed the indented column, usually an anchorage formation, in which the relative distance between the ships is an equi- lateral triangle, four hundred yards on a side. And all maneuvres would be most beautifully made by _ the “yectangular method.” This is too bewildering to describe in detail or illustrate by dia- gram. Everywhere lines of blue pennants flutter to the mastheads. Each vessel turns majestically, as if on a pivot amidships, and the sixteen fold together, with coglike calculation, into a wilderness of prows and sterns that seem to search for new points on the com- pass card, of great funnels and dilute Pocahontas coal. On the bridge, a midshipman’ with “Commander Fiske’s stadi- Signal Boy “Shooting” a Flag Message Just so much does _ this cruise, in its spectacular or political aspect, affect those who most closely bear its re- sponsibilities. But ’way back on the day we left Hampton Roads, when the President’s farewell was read, that after a short stay on the Pacific coast we should return to the Atlan- tie via the Mediterranean, the navy man cheered; that is, who of him are not’ married, meter,” keeps warning the navi- gator our distance from the Georgia. ‘Then, out of the chaos gradually, in sorae such way as magic lantern slides dissolve into obliteration, a new sym- metry is wrought. At any rate, we are pointing with and after our flagship, and find ourselves suddenly part of a column. Now, at a certain point on the ocean, each vessel turns sharp- ly, like a man going around a cheered. The news likely meant visiting Japan. Well, the Philippines will be very Life would be Dull without the Band corner; the whole column swings as a_ trained chorus wheels up stage. 1600 yards RENTUCAY ALAR SARGE 4 | ? ah mors® 4 g The Battle Fleet snline of & - Syuadrons, natural order, "econca iy ego sea voyaging year Admire! brand Plogemp Gie+ - ‘ te goeyeiels § : 8 : a a oa 5 MEMVE SOTA ALABAMA 4 7 the formation for camtinuous i : 4 — eeceecemne- sceoecee sbeoy ol 600 yards ¢ LOWSIANA VIRGINA MAINE KENTUCKY goa Fie ALARSARGE 2! i 3 8 ; = COMMEC T/C UT Aatwive! Evank/Magerip GEORGIA & ,-é The Bottle Fleet moving inline of acnws | aLABAMA & Qivistons, oben order The Fleet Formations which were Maintained with extraordinary Accuracy by Admiral Evans’s Ships 11

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HARPER’S WEEKLY

But sometimes our flag- ship displays the grace of a playful sea lion; or we, being the fastest in the fleet, or at least thinking we are, try to “walk aboard” (run down) the New Jersey, which is next us in line, and often so near that you could talk across. The engines pause, we pitch in the wash from some sister ship (stronger than the swell of the tropic sea), and finally, far down at the end of the newly perfect line, you can spot the Kentucky by her old fashioned semaphore. But hardly once has the fleet re- laxed its ten knot rate, ora black speed cone sunk from its yard arm; and were the wake of each vessel in- ' delible, some curved, sym- metrical design, maybe like interlaced parabolas, would |

* stone. One must have sample by which to tesi the privacy of everythin: else observed. And «4 naval secret has always seemed the one glory tha every nation but ours ha been allowed to possess. As a patriot, one wants get in on the ground flo: with his sense of pride. Therefore, this new fir control business present the fascination of thin ice to a boy skater. It necessity and usefulnes: have been .explained over and over—the. scheme . foi communicating by a com- mon centre from gun to gun, from turret to turret, the range of the most effec- tive shots for each class of weapon. But even aside from one’s word of honor, I could never reveal its secrets, for two reasons:

be left etched upon the Waves. Lieutenant Commander Gise Lieutenant Cole Captain Davis First, were all the detailed mechanism of our fire-

Every morning, from your port hole, you see, in quite the same position as the day before, the Kear- sarge, exactly abreast, 1600 yards away. <At “ quar- ters ’-—general muster at 9.30 A.M.—if the jackies are all lined up on one side of the deck for inspection, look across to the New Jersey; there unfailingly are the same men, gathered on the same side of the deck, under the eyes of the same oflicers with the same little notebooks, all at the

Captain Davis, in command of the “Ohio’s” Marine Corps, one of “Harper’s Weekly’s” Special Correspondents with the Fleet, sends this sidelight on the voyage through the tropic seas: “Six of us in the ‘Ohio’s’ wardroom: Gise, Garton, Mayers, Sheffield, Cole, and Davis, have formed a Bald Headed Man’s Club. We have had our hair clipped as short us the barber could get it. Garton has a wonderful hair tonie which we are all using, and he says by the time we reach ‘Frisco we will all be Circassian beau- ties. We are certainly beauties now. Three of the Club lost their nerve when it came to having a photograph taken, but the three bachelors, free and irresponsible, faced the camera with glee.” control.explained to me, [ am sure that I could not understand it; second,. if I could, its .recital. would doubtless bore you to death. Superficially, the system begins in the con- traptions like elongated parrot cages near the tip of each mast—pointed out to, and observed by, thou- sands at Hampton Roads. It ends on the protected deck, in four wood-lined cells, fitted with objects like copper gas meters, and as mysterious to me as

same task. Such fegu- larity, such reduplication, running through the fleet as one knows it does, begins to seem uncanny. ron, unchanging in its position relative to us, and it seizes you suddenly that all those eight ships there must be anchored, and we have our hook down, Of course, such uniformity was broken on the afternoon of that unlucky December 20th when the Missouri hit out by herself for San Juan, having a man down with peritonitis, and the Jllinois followed her with a pneumonia case during the night, and diph- theria broke out on the Louisiana. In the agreement signed by the nine civilians who accompany the fleet you promise among other things, to refrain from ever giv- ing out for publication “ any military information that might be of value to a possible enemy, such as detailed descriptions of mechanisms or method of drill, method of handling fire-control, scores of target practice,” ete. Ever since this agreement was signed I have been anxious to learn just a single military secret, in order to keep it as a_touch- that too! Each Man opens his Kit for Inspection Then you eye the second squad- Gun Driff for Marines; Sword Drill for Sailors

Fi es 4 ened "i 1

a, 1 a i 5 * Bey a wher sare, as ek i) vy

Bedding flashed to the Rail for Airing that domestic object is to the ordinary householder; and among the bundles of white pipes, each banded with a separate color according to its use—which have always made a battleship appear to me less a floating fortress than a masterpiece of open plumbing—you see see certain broken pipings with projecting skeins of gray insulated wire. Concerning the motives and the purposes of this much debated cruise the navy man has, from the first, kept his mouth very tightly shut. The reason grows plainer as the days advance; he has never permitted himself to regard the cruise as anything out of the logical order of his day’s work. It is all the same to him—all part and parcel of the day’s work. He is not, naturally, impressed by the spectacular aspect of the case, since fleets are a familiar phenom- ena to him. As for any ques- tion of ‘“ danger” or “ risk,” why, that too is part of the day’s work. Well, to-morrow we go out to sea to regulate our compasses, which, as every one knows, has been a most mystic rite ever since the days of Columbus.

Page 13

The Consistory Court Session in St. Paul’s to fix the Date for opening the Grave Crowd outside Cemetery Gates awaiting the Result THE FIGHT ACROSS A GRAVE FOR A DUKEDOM WHEN THE DRUCE COFFIN WAS OPENED IN LONDON IT WAS FOUND TO CONTAIN NOT 200 POUNDS OF LEAD, AS WAS AVERRED BY THE DRUCE CLAIMANTS OF THE PORTLAND ESTATES, BUT THE REMAINS OF A BODY IDENTIVIED AS THAT OF DRUCE, THE SHOPMAN

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of last we are moving. Nearly two months of this session have passed and we have done nothing, but now we are going to do business. How much?— read the answer in the Speaker’s eye, which Repre- sentative Jerry Sullivan, the new member from Kansas, true to his Milesian blood, says holds the House in the hollow of his hand. Well, the metaphor is a trifle mixed, but it’s illuminating. The Speaker has his hand on the House, and his eye, like the wind, roves where it listeth. The member unable to catch the Speaker’: eye—and the extraordinary tacility with which the Speaker can look straight at a man and yet not see him is remarkable enough to serve as a clinic in an ophthalmic hospital—might as well be doing the morning milking into a ‘sieve, as a philosopher remarked, for all the legislative bricks he can hope to set. And what a genial, overflowing with the milk of human kindness and the honey of good nature Speaker this is, to be sure! “And* how polite the members are to “ the eyes and ears ” of the House. The philosopher's stone of the era of political good feeling (so far as the House is concerned) has at last been discovered. Recipe: ‘lake a_ Presidential year, whisper into the ear of an old gentle- man that he is to be the next President, and gently let him simmer in the delusion of his own vanity. He will keep fresh and sweet for at least six months, or until the end of the session. After that—but who cares what happens the day after to-merrow? In poli- tics there is only the present, and the future may care for itself. A very popular man is this Speaker of ours, but if he is half as philosophical as he is credited with being his popularity must arouse his sense of ironie humor. For popu- larity in Washington is as evanescent as a blush on a coquette’s cheek. This time a year ago there was a man whose popularity was so all pervading that we stumbled over it at every step, and he had only to raise his little finger tor us all to dance—yes, I'l] confess it, IT was one of them; and we told each other how much we delighted to dance. This year the wind of popularity has veered, Now we are dancing to another tune. We listen to the voice of the people, and the voice of the people isn’t so tumultuously unanimous in its swelling Rooseveltian

Life was easier for us then than it is now. We wouldn’t confess it. to our con- stituents, but it is the truth that members of Congress, like women, need a master, some one to whom we can look up to and for whom we can have a little fear, even if it is mixed with a little affection. We had it last year. We knew we had a boss. No dutiful wife ever quite admits that—does she?—but she is conscious of it all the same, and so long as the snaffle doesn’t press too hard she rather enjoys feeling the gentle pressure of the rein and takes pleasure in the firm hand that guides it. But , —— if it bears too hard, then it generally guides straight to the divorce court. We are about to sue for divorce, which is easy, but after that—there’s the rub. We all want a place on the band wagon, but which one? Are we to ride with Taft, or Cannon, or Hughes, or Fair- J banks, or Knox? right committee, while others have had to struggle for years to overcome the stigma of having been placed on an obscure committee. Hence we have all been exuberant over our “ Uncle Joe” since last March, although, to be truthful, we have done it will- ingly. We like him. He is our kind of man. We never took kindly to Tom Reed; intellectu- ally he towered head and shoulders above us, and he held us off at arm’s length. No- body ever saw Reed slap a mem- ber on the back and tell him what a fine fellow he was. That’s Cannon’s way. His way is good enough for us. If he lands in the White House, I suppose we shall have to call

him “ him unbutt tomed One about the Sp Mr. Ca [llinois help in In hi “Wa your 0 bor’s ¢ Some shining mittee Mann 1 Ane asked t

“Wh long su ‘It’s ‘T sl you ma ing den “Oe wick. | on Edu whethe1 Wheel a only mi and I 1 around away al “You of his | ‘Yes shelves I can’t ing, pal * Are

Page 15

. him “ Mr. President,” but it will seem much more natural to call him “Uncle Joe” and to see him puffing a cigar with his vest unbuttoned. That’s another of his ways to which we are accus- tomed One of the cloak room stories relates an incident that happened about Christmas time. A member who had a grievance against And the Members think they are playing the Game of Politics!

the Speaker because of his committee assignment insinuated that Mr. Cannon had displayed something more than partiality for the Illinois delegation and for “ others whose names stood for material help in the coming campaign.” In his most perfect son of the soil manner he whined: “Wall, out in my country it isn’t considered a crime to buy your own children pants before you put neckties on your neigh- bor’s Christmas tree.” Some men are born to trouble. There’s Mann, of Illinois, as a shining example. The Speaker delegated him to allot the com- mittee rooms in the new million dollar office building, and now Mann recalls a story of his boyhood. An elderly lady, on a boat for the first time in her life, timidly asked the captain if there was any danger of the vessel going down. “Not a_ bit,” he replied, cheerily. A little while later she again asked the same ques- tion. “I told you there was no danger,” the captain an- swered somewhat testily. “Oh, I hoped there was; I’d rather die than suffer in this way.” Mr. Mann thinks it would have been less trouble if he had been defeated. | Most members object to having their committee rooms moved from the Capitol to the annex office building because of the inconvenience, but Congress- _ man Southwick, of New York, presented the most unique ob- jection to the new quarters of the Committee on Education, on which he has figured as chairman for years. He evaded the Speaker’s thun- dering command for order the other day and, stand- ing in the aisle, addressed himself in ordinary conver- sational .tones to Congress- man Mann. “You’ve got to find me a new room,” he demanded. “What’s the matter with the one I gave you?” questioned the long suffering office building manager. “It’s big enough, but—” began Southwick, a little embarrassed. “T should think so,” returned Mann. “I always wondered how you managed to hold a meeting of your committee in the smother- ing den you had here.” “Oh, that was a special dispensation,” grinned the boyish South- wick. “ You see, whenever a new man was put on the Committee on Edueation he’d look up the room and stick his nose in to ask whether this was the headquarters he’d been assigned to. Then I’d wheel around from my desk and growl: ‘ Yes; but this committee only meets on the call of the chairman, and I’m the chairman, and I never call a meeting because the room’s too small! Look around well, as you’ll never see the inside again.’ And they’d go away and not bother me and the knights of my bookcase.” “Your bookease?” questioned Mann, curiosity getting the better of his impatience. “Yes, my bookease,” emphasized Southwick. “It hasn’t any shelves nor books—just an ice box inside, and that’s the reason I can’t aceept my present accommodations over in the new build- ing, palatial though they are.” “ Are you crazy, Southwick?” asked Mann, somewhat abruptly.

Uncle Joe’s Make-up HARPER’S WEEKLY

“Tm not as foolish as you are dense,” the New York Congress- man retorted. ‘“ What do you suppose I keep in that ice box, a pianola or manuscripts? Nothing as dry as that. The boys couldn’t do without the comfort and courage they find in that pet bookcase of mine. Well, you have given me a room next to Little- field, who fought, bled, and tore up the State of Maine in the cause of prohibition.” “ That’s a long and eloquent speech, Southwick; better than any- thing you’ve ever done for the glory of your constituents,” smiled Mann, “and I’ll see what I can do.” Talking of rooms, most of us are satisfied with three or four in a hotel and look with unsatisfied longing on a house, but there’s one of my colleagues who requires three houses to shelter himself and his family. * You look as happy as a man who had never gone into polities,” said Dalzell of Pittsburg to the always smiling Frank Lowden, of Illinois, the son in law of the late George M. Pullman, which is perhaps reason enough to make any man smile. “T ought to; I’ve got my family with me this year,” re- plied Lowden. “ It took three houses to do it,” he continued, “ First we rented Mrs. John A. Logan’s house for the fam- ily. Then when we found there was more room than partitions in the place, we rented another house across the way for the servants, and then we found we had forgot- ten the children’s tutor and his family, so we again searched the neighborhood and annexed another three story property, and there we are as cozy as can be. But perhaps it’s just as well there are only three children in my family. I wonder what I should have done if there had been half a dozen ?” We are a free show and al- ways draw an audience. The dipiomats, when they have nothing better to do, come to look us over as a matter of duty rather than as a diver- sion. Sir Michael Herbert, who was British Ambassador here a few years ago and had a pretty turn for wit, shortly after his appointment was a guest of the Tantalus Club, which was com- posed entirely of members ef Congress. As he rose to reply to the toast to his health he was greeted with applause. “I am glad I am known,” he said, “but you are equally well known to me, by name at least. You see, I read the Congressional Record every day.” There were two diplomats in the House gallery the other day, and as they went out one said to the other, quite apropos of nothing, “My dear colleague, do you remember what Voltaire said—‘ doctors are people who pour drugs, of which they know little, into a body, of which they know less?’ ” His companion laughed. “Do you remember,” he asked, “ what a countryman of Voltaire’s, a very distinguished physician, said to a patient who had a slight attack of indigestion and was con- vinced that he was dying of heart disease?—‘ I haven’t as yet made the diagnosis, but do not alarm yourself needlessly, for we will be able to discover everything at the autopsy.’ ” Then they both laughed. They had been listening to a man ex- pounding a scheme for currency reform.

Trying to “Get Right”

Uncle Joe locking up the House for the Night

“<i

Page 16

OR six weeks New York F has been in the throes of a rent rebellion. Starting among the crowded tenements of the lower East Side, it has spread like a fire wherever the poor are clustered; northward along the river front to the new A Crowd of evicted Tenants out- slums of Harlem, eastward side a Henry Street Tenement across the Williamsburg Bridge to Brooklyn. It has leaped over the business sec- tion and taken hold of Hoboken. Sporadic outbreaks have occurred in Jersey City and Weehawken. Tenants are organizing in Chicago. Two years ago the idea of a rent strike was first mooted in the crowded slums of the Kast Side. Spasmodic attempts were beaten down by the landlords. They pointed to Manhattan Island upon the map, narrow and overcrowded. Homes were to be had almost upon sufferance. For every tenant who might depart fifty came crowding through the gates of Ellis Island. The landlords could afford to laugh. To-day the landlord laughs no longer. He thinks of the new Williamsburg Bridge, the tunnels under the East River and Hudson, the Brooklyn Subway, opened almost simultaneously with the climax of the rent rebellion. He knows that in the Bronx stand rows of new, empty apartment houses, desperately offering one and two months’ free occupancy to tenants who will move in. Houses have been built more quickly than can be found occupants to move into them. The population of Manhattan Island has burst its chains. That is why the people have gained many notable victories in this struggle; why in many instances landlord and “ leaster ” come humbly to the Committee of Ten at the Socialist party’s head- quarters and sign agreements for a reduced rental, This passive resistance of half a million people has been carried to a partly successful conclusion by sheer inertia of numbers. You cannot physically dispossess five hundred thousand of New York’s in- habitants and fling their goods into the g™tters. : Partly successful only; for it is the “leaster” or sub- “Tow Rent or No Rent” THE TENEMENT DWELLERS’ REBELLION By VICTOR ROUSSEAU IN NEW YORK by means of a curtain. In the smaller section there is just yoom for a bed, but one could not fall out on the farther side on ac unt of the wall. Nor could one step round by the foot of it. The sir js foul and stagnant. There is no place through which it could escape unless one used a suction pump from the outside. If you stirred it up with twenty electric fans it would only beat against the sur- rounding walls and ceiling and subside once more into its capacity of six by five by seven cubic feet. The larger section contains a lounge, a table, a small closet, four chairs, and a cooking range Through the steamcoated windows one can see ten feet of court- yard shrouded with rows of draped clotheslines; and beyond. the dingy, dripping walls of the next tenement block. ; “They are just married,” says the interpreter, ‘She says thank Heaven there are as yet no children. Her husband is sick with consumption. The doctor told her that if he sleeps in there” —pointing behind the curtain—* he is going to die. She does not know what they will do.” An infant’s wail comes from the adjoining apartment. We enter; nothing is visible till we have taken off our glasses. The air, surcharged with moisture from the exhalations of its inhabit- ants, dims them as quickly as they can be wiped clean. Water drips from the lens of the camera when it is opened. A whole family lives here. The father displays with pride his youngest, a pale, anemic infant, already sickening from its surrovndings. The atmosphere is filled with a mixed odor of soapy linen and cabbage, and one suspects that there is a pickled herring inside the closet. The greater part of the East Sider’s earnings goes in the rent. He pays more, inch by inch, for his wretched, insanitary rooms than the inhabitant of the brownstone district. If he moves north he must allow for subway fares; and as a rule his business begins at daybreak and ends at bedtime. So he remains—and strikes. So long as prosperous times cast their faint reflection over the Rast Side, these people were content to struggle along, living on stale bread, fish, and the produce hawked round by the pusheart man. Then the panic came. Business fell off. In the tailoring and fur trades alone some fifty thousand men were thrown out of em- ployment. A no rent agitation was mooted. Who are the leaders and inaugurators of this movement? In the beginning there were none. It sprang into being, landlord who has surrendered rather than the owner of large blocks of tenement houses. The leasters have come to the headquarters of the Social- ists to the number of about twenty daily. In addition they have often compromised privately with their tenants. In some instances, frightened by their threatening demeanor, they have surrendered even in the courtroom. The landlords themselves acknowledge the justice of their tenants’ grievances, but lay the blame to the economic conditions which exist on the crowded East Side. They say that a rental of twelve or thirteen dollars a month for two small rooms, or sixteen for a suite of three, scarcely more than recoups them for their investment. In Clinton, Cherry, and malodorous EI- dridge streets whole families exist in tenements of two or three tiny rooms. Many of these are compelled, in addi- tion, to take in lodgers. For such the only possible accom- modation is upon the floor; attempt at privacy is out of the question. “We pay thirteen dollars a month for these,” says a young Hungarian woman, crowding against the wall to allow us to pass between the table and the cooking range. * These” are two rooms to- full fledged, from the misery of existence. Then the Social- ist party, which numbers nearly all its adherents in the slum region, called a meeting at the headquarters at 313 Grand Street. A Com- mittee of Ten was formed, under the direction of Execu- tive Secretary Kaplan. Kap- lan is a typical young Social- ist leader, clean shaven, flu- ent, and suave. Another of the committee is Miss Flor- ence Margolies, a _ school- teacher. Other women have organized meetings and_ led the cheap rent crusade—Ce- cilia Arken; Pauline Newman, who works in a_shirtwaist factory. When you attempt to exploit these as Joans of Are everybody laughs at you. “Tt is the Socialist Party,” they answer. “ We have no leaders.” A general strike was urged. Landlords were notified that they must reduce their rents or none would be paid. Dis- possess warrants were taken out. The moment that the city marshal had deposited the tenants with their goods upon the sidewalk, these were taken back into the rooms of other tenants in the same building. Pickets were sta- tioned in front of tenement houses to warn away pro- spective occupiers. To meet such tactics demanded whole- gether about the size of a medium hall bedroom; or rather one room, divided into a major and a minor portion A typical Group of rebellious Tenants applying for Advice at the Headquarters of the Socialist Party, in Grand Street 16 sale evictions or compromise. Many landlords came to con- promise and ended with sub- mission. —..

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00m unt ris ‘ape rred sur- city is a ge, urt- the AVS sick re” not We lhe bit- iter ole pal lhe ge, HARPER’S WEEKLY This Eldridge Street Family of Nine pays Sixteen Dol- lars a Month for three tiny, dark, and unventilated Rooms “ Exhausted by toil in dark and ill ventilated shops,” reads the Socialist manifesto, “ we return for our short rest to homes that are small, dark, and foul, unfit for cattle, much less for human beings. For these miserable holes in which we are forced to live we have to pay rent which takes the greater part of our wages. . .. The quarters provided for horses and dogs are in many cases superior to those in which we raise our children.” It is not in the courts, nor in the crowded tenements, that the battle is being fought, but at the Socialist headquarters in Grand Street. Every morning one may see this small room filled with a dense throng of jostling humanity. Here and there some man or woman is addressing a little circle of auditors with frantic gesticu- lations, and these form vortices among the human ebb and flow, constantly changing as some newcomer gathers to himself a crowd of listeners. Tobacco smoke hangs in a gray haze under the ceil- ing. Crude pictures. cover the walls. Women sit on the benches round the apartment, some wearing hats, some having their ritual wigs covered with shawls or mantillas. Men move hither and thither excitedly, gazing alternately at the empty dais along one end of the room, where the committee will shortly meet to confer with all and offer agreements for signature, and toward a closed door behind which the Ten are now conferring with landlords. “You.must take off two dollars,” says Executive Secretary Kaplan. It is clear at a glance that the case of the tenants lies altogether in the hands of the committee. “T give one dollar,” protests the landlord, glancing into the hostile faces around him. “I cannot afford more.” “Two dollars,” says Secretary Kaplan. “Two dollars,” says Committeewoman Margolies. A moment later the door is opened and a messenger runs into the larger room. He forces his way through the crowd to a blackboard on one wall, which bears, in large letters of chalk, the words “Pettibone Free,” and beneath them a long list of landlords who have capitulated. Yankele Isakowitz, of 993 Eldridge Street, is added to this. He has abated two dollars. An excited crowd gathers around. Presently the committee files out to the dais, and the vortex rings dissolve into a tidal bore. A barricade of chairs and boxes is formed to beat back this human inundation. “Shall the leaster turn out my children?” screams an aged woman in Yiddish, clutching the secretary by the arm. Her shawl has fallen from her head, and under her wig, grotesquely black, a few gray hairs straggle out over her forehead. Beside her a bent old man with a forked beard gesticulates furiously, but his voice is lost in the uproar, and nobody can hear him. He seizes the secretary’s left wrist and strokes his hand pleadingly. Another drags at the officer's coat, and presently he is submerged, still struggling in this flood tide of humanity. Everybody is shouting at once. And then these individual men and women, hitherto pre- senting the appearance of a blind, chaotic aggregation, begin to strike the observer rather as a completed picture, a hundred voiced entity—the mob, rushing up from its secret, subterranean world of toil and suffering in futile vindication of the right to com- fort, flung into the light by some volcanic fury of protest. But they are not united. They are not organized. That is why the strike, spasmodic in its inception and sporadically conducted, resolved itself only into a series of local battles. Therefore the landlords, those who could afford some losses in order to hold out, resisted successfully the claims of the Socialists, which could be enforced only by moral suasion and the imposing but specious threats which they put forward. The landlords organized and the evictions began. There was the same absence of unity in the attitude of the re- sisters during these proceedings. A futile demonstration in Rut- gers Park, ordered, then countermanded, and finally dispersed by a dozen policemen, was followed by leaderless demonstrations against the city marshals who had charge of the dispossessions. All day the streets would be filled with little groups of excited men, inter- spersed with spots of bright«color formed by the women strikers’ red shawls. One felt a sense of something impending, some outbreak which might but never did arrive. Somebody spread rumors of an eviction; the groups coalesced, and from all parts of the network of mean streets between Williamsburg Bridge and the Elevated men came running in the same direction until stopped by the crowds in a choked street. A family was being evicted from the top story of a tenement. A red flag which had waved defiantly in the air was torn from the pole, fluttered into the street slowly, and became an old red petticoat, stained and torn in a dozen places. Between two files of police a marshal was carrying out the impedi- menta of the family—a stove hissing and spluttering from the effects of an overturned jug of water; a table which stood un- steadily upon three legs; two broken chairs; a heap of garments and bedding; a bed, and then its four brass corner knobs; some crockery ; a copper samovar, probably some relic from Russia. The family came out of the doorway, the woman gesticulating and shouting at the marshal, her children clutching at her skirts, and the man, seemingly cowed, and hurried out by the police in attendance. The crowd surged forward uncertainly; the police raised their clubs threateningly; and then everybody was running down the street again, leaving only the people at the windows of the neighboring tenements. Later it was reported that the neighbors had housed the family and their furniture. And so the war went on, gradually fizzling out in a series of compromises. But the rebellion has had some measure of success for its justifi- cation. It has jolted the leaster system, perhaps beyond recovery. Then, again, there is the new Brooklyn Subway. a°yae Ban Ad PAM IALIL GT Paty y The Socialist Committee of Ten in its Headquarters on Grand Street supervising the Details of the East Side Rent Strike

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The Band of Beau Francois A CHAPTER OF HISTORY FROM THE DOCUMENTS OF THE CRIMINAL COURT OF CHARTRES (1798-1800) By STODDARD DEWEY ILLUSTRATIONS FROM WOODCUTS IN A RARE NTO the Horse-Market of Chartres on the 4th of October, 1800, through a crowd kept back y We by troops of the National Guard, the gen- darmes led forth twenty men and three women to the guillotine. The condemned were robed ) ( in red shirts cut low at the neck. They were \ We executed by sentence of a single criminal trial, fa ° 4 % . ) ( which also sent seven men and thirteen women to penal servitude for terms varying from two to twenty-four years, and two boys to a house of correction, while eight men and ten women had died between sentence and execution. These were the first “batch” of Citizen Napoleon Bonaparte, the new military First Consul, who was restoring civil order to France. They were a small fraction of the Band of Beau Francois. This had been a name of fear up to the gates of Paris from the beginning of the Revolution. Since 1796 more than one thousand arrests had been made in connection with the band. At different times and places forty of these criminals had already been guillotined; three had been shot in Paris; many had es- caped, a few had hanged themselves in prison, and the unsup- ported civil authorities had set loose as many as they dared. The unnatural summer heats of 1798 and 1799 made a further The President and the Pie sorting by pestilence among the seven hundred wretches huddled together within the narrow, grimy walls of the three ancient prisons of Chartres. A sort of grand jury—a new institution which did not last in French justice—finally presented its indictment on the 29th of September, 1799, after a seventeen months’ sitting. For ten months more, until verdict and sentence on the 28th of July, 1800, the trial jury listened to more than four hundred examina- tions on ninety-five different crimes imputed to members of the band. : The first mention of this band of brigands—one of many exist- ing in France under the old régime—dates from 1770, when they were led by Jean Renard, a young man of twenty-five, born near Chartres. His good greenwood was the Forest of La Muette, close by Méréville, where tourists now visit the chiteau. He was captured and broken alive on the wheel. His lieutenant, Robillard, moved the headquarters of the band fifty miles east- ward to the Forest of Montargis, where he, too, was taken in 1783 and broken on the wheel, while seventy of his men and women were either broken on the wheel or hanged or sent to the galleys. Many escaped to crop up in the band of Poulailler, FRENCH PERIODICAL PUBLICATION OF 1857 a French Claude Duval and the last of his kind, who robbed only on horseback and armed to the teeth. Poulailler was taken in 1785 in one of his raids near Paris and strung up on the cit, gibbet. His successor was own son of Jean Renard, a youth little over twenty, brought up by hand in the wild, and a Hercules in strength, as befitted his post. After the fashion of his kind. he took a name of the “plain”—Fleur d’Epine (Thorn Blossom) —a name already borne in 1760 by a famous companion, who was perhaps his relative and whose traditions he revived. Within a year he brought back a band more numerous and united than ever to the paternal Forest of La Muette. Fleur d’Epine found Beau Francois one day striding across the plain with the fresh rabbitskins he was selling slung over a stick on his shoulder. The two men were the same age, and Beau Francois soon became the chosen comrade and_ trusted lieutenant of Fleur d’Epine, whom he more than matched in strength. His good looks, another important element of his suc- cess, gave him his name of the plain; his real name was never ascertained. Among the ancients whom Beau Francois found in the band and kept with him to the end, there were one dragoon of the Queen and several of the King and a cannoneer. There was Breton Cul See, whose father had been broken on the wheel and his mother hanged under Louis XV., while he had himself been sent to the galleys from Montargis. There were a half dozen Robillards of the family of the lost leader; one of them, a widow Brigitte, had been twice branded with a V for voleuse (thief) and shut up for life, as was supposed, after the Montargis af- fair. Then there was La Grande Marie. who went with the men and dressed like them when robbery and murder were in the wind. 3eau. Francois’s chief rival in the band was Charles de Paris, whose real name was Rouillon; he was an old worker of the plain, proud of the nickname of “ Mon- ster” bestowed on him by the band after he had invited them to rob his aged mother at a time when business was slack. He was Fleur d’Epine’s lieutenant for the city of Paris and surroundings, and played a part of his own in the Revolution. Fleur d’Epine allowed no marrying in the band without his consent, and he had an imitation priest to make the contract binding by a ceremony. When the happy day came for Beau Francois in 1788, the curé of the band was Francois Lejeune, an old mason and tiler from Normandy. The bride was the elder of two sisters named Bignon, the prettiest girls of the band; her name of the plain was La Belle Rose. She was a few years older than Beau Francois and short, while he was tall; but, with her trim figure and black hair and eyebrows, she matched well his tall form, frank blue eyes, and ruddy good natured face. The marriage was celebrated in the Forest of La Muette. Before the assembled band Beau Francois stood up in his .blue, brass buttoned coat and waist- coat, gray ratteen breeches and white stockings, with silver buckled shoes, his cocked hat and switch in one hand, while with the other he grasped the little finger of La Belle Rose; she kept to her favorite gown of gray linen with blue spots, falling in long folds to her feet. In front of the couple Fleur d’Epine, with one of his lieutenants, held sticks touching ends a few feet from the ground. The curé donned his black robe, pretended to read from his book, and then put the question of mutual consent to Beau Francois, Gueus, veux-tu de la gueuse? (Tramp man, will you have the tramp woman?) ; and to the bride the other way about—Gueuse, veux-tu du gqueux? To each, as soon as the sacramental yes had been answered, he cried, Saute, gueux! (Jump, you tramp!) ; Saute, gueuse! Beau Francois leaped over the sticks, but they were lowered gallantly that La Belle Rose might step across. This was the traditional marriage rite of the wildwood, and the obligation had always been held lasting. But one of the band said at the trial, “ After the Republic brought in divorce, man and woman among

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oP ern cor > i aS Gusuok _ The Marriage of Le Rouge (Redhead) d’Auneau and La Belle Victoire ’ us left each other when they chose.” Beau Francois and La Belle Rose stuck together to the end. The day of the marriage a president of the Parlement de Paris, against all advice, wandered from his neighboring chateau into the forest fastnesses. He was seized by the sentinels of the band and brought forward to enliven the feast. With great good humor and ceremony Fleur d’Epine made him sit down on the ground and invited him to eat of a monstrous meat pie: “It is made of a mounted police sergeant and a child of eighteen months. The sergeant is tough, but you'll find the baby tender.” The magistrate shrank back, and Fleur d’Epine, with terrible voice, commanded, “ Eat, or Ill have president patties made on the spot!” The president ate, and later boasted to his friends that he had lifted a leg in the brigands’ dance. To these * Pingres,” as they called themselves, the common peo- ple gave another name. All over France they were known as the “ Chauffeurs,” from their use of fire. Pére Elouis taught the trick to the band when Beau Francois was a new recruit, at a general meeting called by Fleur d’Epine to consider ways and means. “It’s all very well to go battering in the doors of lonely houses at dead of night to the ery of ‘ad la bombe!’ ‘But what if you don’t find the yellow boys when the door is down? When Louis XV. was king, and I was young and tramping with the old men of Cartouche’s band, this is how we managed the individual who wouldn’t tell where the money was hid. We began by holding a lighted bundle of straw to his legs, and if that didn’t work we slit the soles of his feet with a knife and fired the wounds.” The Revolution came and Fleur d’Epine showed himself a man of the times. The band shouted with the crowd and plunder- ed all parties impartially. All over the grain country of La Beauce, in the vast triangle from Chartres to the belt of for- ests round Orléans and back to Etampes, it spread out its network. Charles de Paris went in for politics professionally. In 1791, while the Revolu- tion was still playing with the king, he began dressing up as a police commissary, followed by a clerk with bundles of the papers dear to all régimes in France, and accompanied by a dozen members of the band on horseback in the uniform of Na- tional Guards. With carts to gather up the spoils they pillaged conscientiously the farms and chiteaux nearest Paris “ in the name of the law.” Fleur d’Epine met a fate satirical of his topsyturvy times. He was coming up one July day from Angerville to Paris to get rid of some booty, and stopped to drink like an honest man in a country inn. It was only a few days before the final downfall of the king, and the men of the new order, masters as they were, had gone crazy with greed and suspicion. Fleur d‘Epine was arrested as a “ suspect” and thrown into prison. There, in September, HARPER’S WEEKLY the friends of Danton—*“ men of prey” as Camille Desmoulins’s secretary called them at the time, victims of the névrose révolu- i Be, tionnaire as their defenders now say— Miah cl massacred him quite as if he were an HAST aristocrat with goods to plunder, along | i iNee ia with priests and courtiers and noble ladies. ee al i Beau Francois now ruled alone in the ; plain, and the band was too happy al! through the years of Terror, down to 1795, to have much of a history. Soon after the massacre of Fleur d’Epine, in 1792, an old brigand, Tranche Montagne, with a lifetime’s experience of bloodshed, was seized with the panic fear which was epidemic in all France. He ran madly from the band in the midst of an expedi- tion, and Breton Cul See and a squad were charged with making an example of him. They caught up with him in the Forest of Boisseaux, cut off his ears, which they nailed to a tree as a warning for the others, and then burned him alive. About this time there is passing men- tion of the band scurrying up to Paris to share in the Commune’s free distribution of bread and in Danton’s two franes a day—in depreciated money of assignats— given to “all citizens living by their labor and attending the Revolutionary meetings, so that the people may take part in poli- ties.” The ancients of the band had the satisfaction of seeing the captor of their old leader, Poulailler, marched to the guillotine. The companions of disorder flocked around Beau Francois, and he domineered over them ruthlessly, but fairly. ‘“ Each must do like all the others,” was one of his democratic principles. “If we Pingres rob each other we shall not last long,’ was another. One day at the Porcherons-—a pleasure garden where the church of the Trinité now stands in Paris—Beau Francois got talking with four likely men. Three were brothers, smugglers, whose business the Republic had ruined. The fourth, a man of forty, had lately joinet! them in a new trade. They were spending to- gether the proceeds of a successful robbery with murder. “IT came up to Paris because I was in need of distraction,” said this fourth man. He had been an orphan and beggar from childhood, and, at the age of fourteen, was recruited by a woman for the Pingres in Anjou. Out of disgust, or perhaps fleeing from justice, he got off to the French colonies in India, where he remained - seven years. He was caught stealing again, was branded and returned to France, where he recuperated his fortunes by killing and rob- bing an old servingwoman who had shown him charity. For five years he peddled, more or less honestly, and then threw him- self into the army of the Revolution. Even its loose discipline was too much for him, and after an attempt to kill his lieutenant, he was condemned to ten years in chains. After six months he managed to escape from Brest and murdered for money with which to begin life anew. Beau Francois listened and laughed at the four men as petty robbers. “I have a whole army down in La Beauce, and my Pingres are masters of the country.” «MAW Night Attack by the Band

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This fourth man followed him, and soon distinguished himself in the band, where he was known as Gros Normand. He acted as leader when Beau Francois next fell into prison. This was not the only experienced recruit. Petit Beauceron, for example, was a graduate of the old régime. In 1783 he had been flogged and branded and sent to the galleys for five years; his brother had already been broken on the wheel for highway robbery. When he was set free he went back to his old trade and was finally caught again; he had stolen a “silver saint’s- arm” in a church at Angouléme and was sentenced to be hanged. But the Revolution came to restore him to society and Beau Francois. In the band, as it came under the observation of judge and jury, there were a number of very young men and women whom Beau Francois particularly favored. The training of all these was entrusted to Nicolas Tincelin, who had been “ schoolmaster ” of the band for generations. From him they learned the “ patter ” as well as the “ work” of their trade, and he put them on their guard against the dangers of law and order and other incidental surprises in society. Beau Francois spent his leisure in reconnoitring. He and La Belle Rose each, protested before the judge that, when the Re- public brought in civil marriage, they had had their union legally The Capture of the Band ratified by the Mayor of Blois. About that time Marie, called Manette, the sister of La Belle Rose, entered on a free union with a Jean Auger, known as the Chat-Gauthier; he was the closest companion of Beau Francois, resembled him in person, and they often shared the same name and were thought to be brothers. These four stuck together through thick and thin, having, as the jury report expressed it, “ goods, profits, and shelter in common.” Some of the witnesses mention a child carried by La Belle Rose in a sling hanging from her back, but it does not appear in the prison records. The two sisters were always neatly dressed as travelling sellers of women’s articles. Beau Francois also did hiniself up as a hawker, with packages of ribbons and cloths, thread and needles, handkerchiefs and trinkets. He was everywhere known and feared, and in the great lonely farms of La Beauce he was waited on as one in authority under the new order of things. When the real authorities questioned them, he and his men always had ready to hand passports for the names they had chosen and for any pur- pose—for example, “to go to different parts to look for work.” One of the band when arrested had ten of these passports in his pocket. They were procured through the most important con- federate of the band, the innkeeper Doublet, of Chartres, who had influence with the new government. The Terror subsided, and the people of Paris began settling down out of sheer weariness into something like law and order. The year went on until autumn, when Beau Francois was caught changing counterfeit money at the fair of Saint-Germain-en-Laye. The local court condemned him to fourteen years in chains. No one dreamed that he was the:famed and feared Beau Francois. Gros Normand now led the band, but his rough and ready meth- ods were often unsuccessful and the companions were dissatisfied. Murders were reported in January and April, and there was no safe travelling except in armed bands. On the 15th of July, 1797, after an imprisonment of nearly a year, Beau Francois made his escape, and the band welcomed him back as their sole leader. His return was celebrated by a night attack, in which La Grande Marie sawed off the heads of a farmer and his wife. But more and more the inhabitants were organizing among themselves for defence, and the authorities HARPER’S WEEKLY were astir. On the 19th of December Le Rouge d’Auneau, in the darkness of a night attack, was seized by a farmer’s wife, who inflicted such exquisite pain upon him that his cries aroused the neighborhood and the brigands barely escaped with their lives. The “redhead’s” credit was lost, and Beau Francois promptly disgraced him. But something had to be done at onc to raise the wind. Beau Francois in person organized an attack on the farm of Millouard; the farmer Fousset was known to have large sums of money which he had gained from the confiscated properties of nobles and churches. Twenty of the best men of the band were chosen for the work. Circumstances were not favorable the first night the buildings were surrounded; but a week later, on the 4th of January, 1798, the doors were forced, serving men and women and the members of the family were kicked into a cellar with the door fastened over them, and only the aged father left to answer these housebreakers demanding his money. He was obstinately silent. Beau Francois looked on admiringly as Sans Pouce—a new recruit from the Revolutionary army—burned the beard from the old man’s face. “He is a good Pingre,’ he remarked to Gros Normand; “ his hand never trembles.” While the torture was going on, Duchesne calmly ate some pork and cabbage which he had found. The farmer refused to talk even under torture, and the brigands were forced to leave him for dead and make off with what they had found. His feet and hands had been cut and burned to the stumps. After their departure the old man came to life, and, hearing no one, wriggled his body over the snowy ground to the near- est house, fainting repeatedly on the way. It was early morning when he awakened the inmates by rapping his head on the door sill. The country was aroused, and the nearest judge of the peace, with his gendarmes, came over from Artenay, three miles distant. The farm was within the limits of his brother judge of Orgéres, and so the affair was left to him. -. Farmer Fousset died after a week’s time. The story of the crime, with all its brutality, spread far and wide. The Di- rectory had already escaped a popular movement in favor of Napoleon Bonaparte only by sending him off to Egypt. It was now obliged to act in self defence. The government commissary at Chartres was put in charge of the “ Affair of Orgéres,” as it was destined to be known. The hunting down of the band was en- trusted to a remarkable man, Pierre Pas- cal Vasseur, a simple quartermaster of the gendarmerie. Never was there a more ad- venturous undertaking, and it would be well worth relating in his own strong, rich- ly colored language. By the 31st of Jan- uary he was able to present to Citizen Fourgeron, the capable judge of the peace at Orgéres, two members of the band, “ one male and the other female.” These put him on thé track of the main personages and their haunts. After one hundred and twenty-seven days of beating the coun- try far and near, with adventures of every kind and many sub- ordinate captures, Vasseur was able to lead an expedition by night into the savage ravines of the Forest of Méréville, where Beau Trancois was camping on his way to a new venture which was to restore the fortunes of the band. This was nothing less than the simultaneous firing of four farms a dozen miles away, and, under cover of the excitement, the pillage of the Chateau of Faronville. The brigands had such confidence in their retreat that they had posted no sentinels. Beau Francois knew when he was taken, and knocked the rifle from the hands of Gros Normand as he was firing at a gendarme. After due discussion on the part of the Directory it was de- cided that the band should benefit by all the Rights of Man, in- eluding the new system of juries. Before the grand jury’s work was done Beau Francois had escaped. It was during the July heats of 1799, and among the sick and dying in the Chartres prisons he too refused to eat and grew pale. For fear of a general pestilence orders had been given to remove to a separate infirmary, just above the great door of the prison courtyard, all who showed signs of sickness. Beau Francois was admitted with the others, and on the night of the 5th of July he cut a hole through the wall with his knife. It was just large enough to let him slip through, stripped to his shirt. This was the last of Beau Francois, so far as the great trial went. The great execution took place on the 4th of October. On the 22d of November following, Fouché, Napoleon’s chief of police, reported to his master that three hundred bandits had been cap- tured in the forty-seven departments of France. The chief of these was Mignier, called Grand Gars; his lieutenant was Francois Girodot, one time chauffeur. This was the name under which Beau Francois, years before, had been branded on the shoulder in the galleys at Rochefort. M. Frantz Funck-Brentano, who has studied the case, thinks he was never taken: “doubtless he ended his days esteemed by his fellow citizens and in peace”—not an in- credible ending for a bandit of the Revolution. ; : si ste

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2 q BY AS SET FORTH IN THE Hypnotism for Human Ills REMARKABLE NEW WORK BY JOHN D. QUACKENBOS, “HYPNOTIC THERAPEUTICS” OW marvellously man’s beneficent forces can be im- proved by hypnotic suggestion, and how by the same agency moral obliquity can be removed and many diseases can be cured, are set forth attractively in Hypnotic Therapeutics, the latest book written by Dr. John D. Quackenbos. “Man,” he says, “is potentially superhuman; and suggestibility, or sensitiveness to that inspirational appeal which compels output of superhuman at- tributes, is happily a natural characteristic of all normal men. The secret of transfer, the law of superior expres- sion, is the key that unlocks the way to millennial perfection.” Of vital interest is Dr. Quackenbos’s theory of treating those that are soulsick. He says: “Tt is in the treatment of moral disease that the most awe inspiring results of transliminal domination are manifested. From the ethical viewpoint, suggestion is a summoning into control of the true man; an accentuation of insight into life and its obliga- tions; a revealing—in all its beauty and strength and significance— of absolute, universal, and necessary truth, and a portraiture of happiness as the assured outcome of living in consonance with this truth. It is not a mere pulling up of weeds by the roots, as de- scribed in Menticulture; but it is a sudden overshadowing and starving-out of character defects and mental weaknesses by a tropical growth of ethical energy which seeks immediate outlet in the activities of a moral life. “ Auto-suggestion is a simple means whereby simple men may become better, wiser, happier, more godlike. The life beautiful is within reach of all through this natural method, for man’s ob- jective constitution is not incompatible with the incoming of God and the outgoing of noble effort stimulated thereby. Given a few thousand properly equipped, earnest persons, consecrated to the work of disseminating this creed of self-help among the people of the earth, and given willingness on the part of humanity to be uplifted and purified through this instrumentality, and the re- generation of the world becomes an easy problem. “ And more is possible. We know nothing as yet—we have but gathered a few pebbles at the water’s edge of the great tarn of the future; vast reaches of sand remain to be sifted in the interest of humanity. And man is as much at liberty to question nature in ethereal spheres as to seek her secrets in the laboratory or read her laws in the heavens. The discovery of a new star or chemical element or micro-organism is of absorbing interest, but such in- terest pales into triviality beside that invoked in opening the way to a perfect comprehension of man’s relationship to Deity, to des- tiny, to his disembodied fellows, and to other spiritual personalities that are not of this fold. Metapsychics seems destined in the twentieth century to demonstrate immortality on reputable scien- tific grounds by establishing the laws of telepathy and translating into the earth-life supersensuous perceptions (clairvoyance), to determine the possibility or impossibility of human communication with discarnate souls (a question left unanswered by the New Testament writers), to effect that adjustment with natural law which will banish disease, and to give us euthanasia (painless dying) as the fitting close to every human life.” The author relates a marvellous recovery from death of a young woman who in June, 1905, had been reduced by pneumonia to the point of death—temperature 10714, pulse 160, respiration 60. In her delirium the girl called for Dr. Quackenbos. Her friends sent for him. This followed: “ As I looked at the girl an inspiration came to me. I took her by the hand, learned her first name from the nurse, and said, with great incisiveness: ‘ Adele! where are you going? You can- not die! Come back, you have work to do on earth. Come back at once.’ In answer to the summons, the upturned eyes resumed their natural angle and became riveted on mine. The voice that had for days uttered only the ravings of delirium now spoke coherently. ‘It is too late,’ it murmured. ‘It is not too late,’ I rejoined. ‘Do not dare to say it is too late. Stay where you are. Assume immediate control of your physical functions, and get well. You are going to recover —all this in an imperative, force- ful tone. The directions were immediately accepted and implicitly followed. A change for the better supervened. Gradually the mental mist cleared away, the physical strength returned, and to- day the young lady is perfectly well, filling an important position in the musical world.” The testimony of the patient is interesting: “Of course, I do not want to underrate the splendid efforts of my own physician and those who had the case in consultation with him. They brought me through after the crisis; but, on the other hand, there is no doubt in my mind, or in the minds of my friends, that if Dr. Quackenbos hadn’t appeared at just that critical time, I should not be here. I am quite satisfied that he recalled me to life by imbuing me with the wish to live and the conviction that I still had work to do.” As to Christian Science Dr. Quackenbos writes: “Conspicuous among the shams is the jaunty theosophy known as Christian Science, stigmatized by Dr. Gordon as ‘a sort of . witches’ caldron in which every conceivable heathen and Christian heresy is found seething and simmering to produce the subtle essence called mental medicine ’—Christian Science, anti-Christian in its pantheism and in its refutal of the articles of our faith; anti- scientific in its bungling, barbarous, and dishonest handling of disease. In common with faith and prayer cures, metaphysical healing, spiritism, and osteopathy, it exploits auto-suggestion, which is ignorantly administered. to effect its seemingly wonderful cures. This coterie of impostures, “each claiming to be exclusively genuine and denouncing its several competitors as imitations or frauds, constitutes a sort of intellectual harlequinade which figures as the voodooism of the ignorant and half-educated classes in America. “ Eddyites are asserting that the world is close io the reception and adoption of a truth so strange that at present we have not the words to formulate it properly. This is that nothing exists ex- cept as an action of thought. That its essence, its reality, its actuality, is only as an expression of thought. That the rea ft all objects, as of drugs, is absolutely non-material. Th. iS no such thing as poison; that arsenic kills because it to be poisonous. So a person prostrated with diphth 3 sick, but only thinks he is. On this principle the hope!ossly de are treated by screaming in their ears, ‘You can hear!’ and tiie sot is emphatically assured that he has never tasted liquor in his life. Tumors, ulcers, inflammation, pain, deformed spines, and other ailments, declares Mrs. Eddy, ‘are all dream shadows.’ And all are to be treated with the same psychic prescription—viz. : ‘Efface the images of disease from the mind by keeping distinctly in thought that man is spirit, not material.’ “Such premeditated keeping in objective thought soon impresses (in accordance with simple scientific laws) the automatic self with a belief in the balderdash—but fails to cure either tumor or deformity. In like manner, Mrs. Eddy’s book has been found a most efficient stimu- lator of auto-suggestion by inferior minds, who imagine that its learned nonsense, which they cannot understand, must for that very reason be replete with meaning—and whose superstitious intellects attach the same virtue to its psycho-therapeutic formule as the Southern negroes believe to reside in the conjurations of their voodoos. The patient’s credulous objective intellect is first impreg- nated with faith in the Christian Science system of furnishing relief; it then suggests the desired relief to the secondary con- sciousness, which, through its regulation of the ordinary physical procedures, controls purely functional disturbances. There is thus no difference between the philosophy of the cure effected by the suggestionist and that of the Christian Scientist. It is nothing but a receiving telepathically, to quote Professor James, and upon a mental stratum: quite below the level of immediate conscious- ness (the plane of the normally subconscious mind), a healthier and more energetic attitude, from another person whose thought is focussed on the subject with the intention of impressing the attitude. In other words, it is nothing but simple suggestion, the value of which in the treatment of nervous diseases Mrs. Eddy learned years ago from a New Hampshire physician. And cer- tainly there is nothing in her philosophy that has not been ‘far more luminously presented by the great idealists from Berkeley to Fichte and Hegel.’ Her followers are amassing wealth by cleverly exploiting the curative possibilities of self-delusion. “Tn the case of Christian Science, however, the force of ordinary suggestion is supplemented by the claim of a new revelation vouch- safed to the arch-hypocrite who writes herself the author of Science and Health, whereby she is invested with the secret of Christ’s miracles and clothed with the power to perform them. ‘God has been fitting me,’ she insists, ‘during many years for the reception of a final revelation of the absolute principle of scientific mind-healing.’ “No case of organic trouble has ever been cured by Christian Science, or ever will be. On the contrary, scores of perfectly curable cases have been sent by its fanatics to the undertaker. The methods in vogue among its healers of treating the critically or hopelessly sick by appeal to the transliminal self are un- Christian and inhuman—so much so that repressive legislation is widely demanded for the proteetion of society from a legion of charlatans whom existing laws do not sufficiently reach, and who are thus left at liberty to assume responsibility for the most danger- ous forms of disease. In some States it is regarded as a misde- meanor to give Christian Science treatment, and refusal to call in proper medical or surgical aid in critical cases is nothing short of homicide.” It is impossible, the author declares, to compel a normal per- son to commit crime by means of hypnotic suggestion, and yet: “In consideration of its abuse the use of hypnotic suggestion should be restricted by law—in its employment for the cure of physical and mental disease, to reputable physicians; in its employ- ment for the removal of moral taints and tendencies to crime, to properly qualified philanthropists—for the results obtained will always be in harmony with the ideals of the suggestionist. Tf the ethical ideals of the operator are low, attempt at the reform of the subject.must prove nugatory; if high, the moral pervert may be raised to their plane.”

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The WILLIAM INGLIS Little Missionary and | Her Miracles }N a small room on the fourth floor of a crowded tene- ment near the East River two women were cooking supper by the light of a gleaming kerosene lamp. The stove was newly polished to a degree of bril- liance that cheered the eye of the beholder. On three shelves near at hand, which had just been covered with crisp white paper with scalloped edges, rows of clean white plates and dishes were standing. The floor of the small room was bare, but it shone like the deck of a battleship fresh from the holystone. The table in the mid- dle of the room bore a cover of snowy oilcloth, tacked on that after- noon. An appetizing aroma. of sizzling steak and fragrant tea made the air delicious and in- viting. The elder of the two women, tall, thin, and bent at the shoulders, suddenly stood erect over the pot in which the potatoes were boil- ing, her attention ar- rested by the sound of heavy footsteps ascend- ing the stair. Her eyes were apprehensive and the corners of her mouth drooped. “That’s him!” she cried, anxiously. “ Oh, I wonder what'll he say when—” * Remember, dear,” counselled the little woman at her side, “ if you are kind to him and show you're not afraid he will surely be good to you.” The tall woman tried to look hopeful, but her lower lip quivered a little. A little boy and a little girl ran into the next room and hid. The heavy footsteps clumped uncertainly to the door, which presently was thrust open by a large and hairy fist. A big long- shoreman with a purple neck showing above his blue jumper took two steps into the shining room, sniffed its de- lightful atmosphere, stared for a moment with dazed eyes at its sparkling cleanliness and the two women in it; then hurriedly turned away. * Excuse me,” he apologized as he retreated. “ T’ve come up one flight too high.” “Jim!” the tall woman called after him. “Jim, come on back. Come on.” The big man returned with slow steps. He stood within the threshold and gazed around the room. Mechanically, as from old habit, he tossed his cap into one corner and his empty dinner pail into another, seeming meanwhile every instant to become more puzzled. * Well,” he asked very slowly and without any thought of being profane,—* well—what— the—hell’s—been—going—on—here? What does it mean?” The wife stood dumfounded, but the little woman came forward and looked up at the big man with an expression calm and_ friendly. Miss Sara Curry “THE LITTLE MISSIONARY ” The Nursery Building and one of the Kinder- garten Classes “Jt means,” she said, with a smile,—‘ it means, ny friend, that your home is going to be like this all the time if you care to have it so.” “ But where do you come in?” asked the man. “Oh, I’m a neighbor, and I’ve been here helping your wife a while,” she replied. ‘“1’ll see you to-morrow, Mrs. Mannion. Good night.” This incident actually happened a few months ago and was fol- lowed by the reclamation of the woman from slatternliness, the man from drink, and their children from a reign of cruelty, ignorance, and neglect which would have either killed them or brought them up to prey on the community. In a word, the family was rescued from hopeless squalor, energized and transformed into a valuable unit of society. And the transformation was accom- plished by the expenditure of very little money and a great deal of kindliness. The system whereby the thing was done is unique in the history of benevolent work and well worth studying. It was invented and is now being carried on by one who is known throughout the most congested part of New York as The Little Missionary. Its results, in the physical, moral, and social salva- tion of families, have been remarkably successful. On the day before the episode of the startled longshoreman and the renovated tenement his poor wife left her youngest baby at The Little Missionary’s Day Nursery, No. 93 St. Mark’s Place, so that she might be free to do a day’s scrubbing and earn money. Under examination she admitted that she had to work because her husband drank most of his earnings. ‘The Little Missionary called late that afternoon at ‘the woman’s home, a tenement of two rooms, and found her frying a steak over a slow fire. For forty- five minutes by the watch she fried and fried and fried. “ What are you going to do with that?” the missionary asked, pointing at the hardened remains. “It’s for my husband’s supper,” the wife replied. “Huh!” cried the missionary; “I’m not surprised that your husband drinks. I’d drink, myself, if I had to live on such food. My dear, I’ll come in to-morrow, and we’ll see what can be done. You know, if a man doesn’t get good, well cooked food he’s bound to take to drink. We’ll change him.” On the morrow the missionary brought a pail, a bar of soap, a scrubbing brush, and other cleaning materials, besides a steak, potatoes, and half a pound of tea. She did not show the dejected wife how to clean the home, but on her own knees scrubbed floor and woodwork. She put the fresh crimped paper on the shelves, washed the dishes and polished the stove, while the wife looked on in amazement at a lady doing such things. And as the mission- ary worked she chatted—pleasantly enough, but always with a fixed purpose. “Your husband, my dear, really has a great deal of good in him,” +; she brink “4 nos or Vi mal wife - \ “6 ( will and Tr si it The them Utic for : sugg wo 0 wate two on \ peop Miss Mi hurs' Miss its si porat amo reliet sumn their Th cOns¢ mora respe alcoh Nurs The | He ceive 16,00 Than child wood Th boys, Rolst by r for f the f

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gq sree tint she said, “a great deal of good, if you only take the pains to pring it out.” “lia, ha!” the wife laughed, without mirth. ‘“ Who knows the most bout him—me, that’s been married to him these fifteen years, or vou that never saw him?” “There never yet was man or woman that could resist the power of kindness,” the missionary persisted, as her scrubbing brush wished to and fro. ‘“ We'll fix up this place so that he will be vlad to stay here, and we’ll cook him a supper that’ll do him good. You sce, a steak should be broiled, not fried; broiled over a bed of hot coals that will tighten up the outside quickly and keep in the nourishing juices—to say nothing of making it taste better.” The missionary set the table and cooked the supper. Before the man's heavy foot was heard on the stair the missionary gave the ‘wife one last word of advice: *\When he comes in, kiss him.” “\Wha-a-a-a-at?” asked the wife. “Certainly,” replied the adviser. “It won’t hurt you, and it will help to make a better man of him. Show him you love him, and you'll be surprised at the improvement in him.” Truly a Portia come to judgment! There is not room here to enumerate one tenth of the good things The Little Missionary has-done; one can barely refer to a few of them. She is Miss Sara Curry, and she came to New York from Utica in 1896 to devote her life to aiding unfortunates. . Caring for a little child who had been run over by a truck gave her the suggestion of maintaining a nursery wherein mothers compelled to go out to work might leave their babies all day to be carefully watched and fed. Miss Curry with her own slender means hired two rooms in Avenue C. Often she was discouraged, yet she kept on working hard and praying fervently for success. The poor people of the neighborhood soon began to call her The Little Missionary. Miss Jean Rolston, then a small child, held a lawn fair at Allen- hurst in the summer, and her father took the proceeds, $200, to The Cooking Class for Poor Mothers Miss Curry. Soon the work grew, and so many friends rallied to its support that The Little Missionary’s Day Nursery was incor- porated and installed at No. 93 St. Mark’s Place. On that house a mortgage of about $9000 still remains, a heavy burden for which relief is urgently sought. Alexander C. Morgan has provided a summer home at Netherwood, New Jersey, where sick children and their mothers can rest a few weeks in summer. The ramifications of the work are many, and each one is in consonance with the chief idea—to restore dejected families to moral and physical health and teach them self support and self respect. As good nourishment is the most effective antidote to alcoholism, a fine cooking school is one of the chief features of the Nursery, and in it not only mothers but boys are taught to cook. The good results accomplished are beyond computation. Here are a few of the things done during 1907: children re- ceived at the Nursery, more than 28,000; poor families visited. 16.000; sick persons nursed, 10,000; families provided with Thanksgiving dinners, 624 (which amount to 3800 individuals) ; children and siek mothers received at the summer home, at Nether- wood, New Jersey, 2423. There are meetings every evening of the week—for girls. for hoys, for mothers, for fathers. At one of the latter Mr. Louis B. Rolston, President of the Nursery, told a story illustrating how, by refusing to spend money for drink, a man could save much for food, clothing, rent, ete. A week later Mr. Rolston received the following letter: DEAR FRIEND “ Excuse me but I will always look upon you as a friend for vou have learned me a valuable lesson in your remarks at Miss Currys last Friday night. I will tell you it might interest you I have been in the habit of buying 10c. worth of whiskey in the even- ing for years I had the bottle in my pocket at the time you spoke and got my 10c. worth after meeting but when I got home I got HARPER’S WEEKLY The Kindergarten Children ‘‘ Playing House” my pencil and done a little figuring same as you done in your story as what you could do with 10c. a day instead of giving them to a bum for whiskey. “Well I figured since I started to go in a saloon and buy a beer or a whiskey it is 17 years or 6205 days I took an average of 25ce. a day a very small one for there was a many and many a Sat. night and Sunday that I spent from 2 to 5 dollars for I am a mechanic making $4.50 a day with nearly steady work and I did not mind it but I only now see the foolishness of it. I figured in the 6205 days at 25c. a day I spent $1551.25 what could I do with it well it has been the height of my ambition to own a little house of my own and all I could save is about $5.00 there is the rest of it gone for drink well I am done with it I aint spent 5 nor 10c. for a beer or whiskey since last friday something I thought I could never accomplish and I feel just as good if not better and if the Lord lets his sun shine on me in the future as in the past I will have my house yet for no saloon keeper will get any more of my money thanks to your advise and a lesson in arithmatic. “T will not sign my name for I aint looking for any favors. “'P.S. I hope you dont think I am a drunkard and neglected my family for I never was drunk more than twice in my life.” Incidentally, it is pleasing to know that the writer of the letter now owns a comfortable house in Brooklyn, with a small mortgage which he is constantly reducing. So much for the working out of the principle which animates the institution—to alleviate misery immediately, regardless of the race or religion of the needy; then to build up character and raise the needy to the plane of self support and decent citizenship. It is interesting to note that of the children received in the nursery in a recent year forty per cent. were Protestants, thirty three per cent. Catholics, and twenty seven per cent. Jews. Nothing can better illustrate the spirit of the ‘institution than these extracts from a late report by Miss Curry: “The boys’ cooking class is developing a talent in boys never thought of before One of the boys, on coming home, saw his mother trying to cook a steak. She had been half an hour at it. ‘Mother,’ says he, ‘let me buy the things this week. I can save you half.’ The father had never had his food cooked prop- erly. He used to drink up all his wages. “One of the great gifts God has sent me in this work is helpers, who-never tire of furnishing me with the means to help the needy ones I meet in my visiting. Many a sad and discouraged heart has been lifted up by ‘the substantial help we have been enabled to extend, by God touching the hearts of business men. I am asking God to send us those who will help to pay off the mortgage on our nursery property.” The Boys in this Cooking Class were brought up from Babies by the Nursery

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THE OYSTER SHANTY DRAWN BY HENRY J PECK

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THE PLEASURES AND PERILS OF NIGHT DRIVING By JOSEPH TRACY ROBABLY few drivers of automobiles would select the night- time for driving as a mere matter of preference. Other things being equal, one would natural!y choose daylight, since the height of automobile enjoyment is found in driving through beautiful country over good roads in weather that is dry, but not too hot. However, for those who have little opportunity for daylight driving, or who desire to cover a ereat deal of distance in a short time during a tour, night driving has its compensations, and even certain advantages over daytime motoring. In the hot summer months there is a delicious refreshment in driving after dark, when the rush of the car through the air creates a cool breeze, and the roadway no longer reflects the blinding rays of the sun. ‘Traffic is usually lighter at night than by day, and the motorist experiences a sense of relief and freedom that gives automobiling one of its greatest charms. The evening hush is in the air, and a party of congenial friends can throw care to the winds and have a ride filled with enjoyment that seems impossible by day. “Clouds of, hot dust do not fill the eyes and mouth; goggles and masks may be removed with comfort by all, except the man at the wheel, and the ear seems fairly to fly across the road, which came to an abrupt end there and made right-angled turns to right and left. Instantly the clutch was released, the brakes were jammed on, and as the machine slack- ened speed the steering-wheel was spun so that two wheels of the car merely ran off the road into the ditch, and the machine avoided overturning as it made the sharp turn at the corner. For these reasons it is really preferable to drive on a moonless night. The headlight and searchlight of a car generally give light enough for driving at moderate speed. Their illumination well defines the sides of the road, especially in the country where the travelled part of the way is closely bordered by grass and weeds. Because of their position so close to the ground, however, they exaggerate the inequalities of the road surface, small ridges cast- ing shadows which, at a distance, appear like large holes, and may sometimes startle the driver. The possibility of colliding with vehicles in the road depends upon conditions. As a rule, good search-lights will pick up a vehicle far enough ahead to allow the driver to bring his car nearly to a stop in time to prevent trouble, provided he is not running at excessive speed and that his brakes are in good order. The braking distances vary acecord- ing to conditions; one of the new type high-powered runabouts carrying two or three persons can be

along the road with a lulling rhythm of the throbking engine, while the trees, fences, and houses along the highway slide silently backward, leaving but a ghostly impres- sion of their exist- ence. The headlights and pewerful search- lights shimmer on the road, which unfolds around turn after turn like an endless ribbon from an _ un- seen hand. Again and again the way seems to come to an abrupt end a few rods ahead, where a wall of impenetrable gloom marks the limits of the power of the acetylene rays. There is something almost uncanny about the unreality of night driving; to one in the car, on a very dark night, all the world

steered easily and stopped very quickly, while a big touring- car heavily loaded with passengers and luggage will, of course, need a much greater distance for stopping, _—_ especially if going fast, as the momentum is very great. The distance at which the lamps will reveal an object depends much upon the nature of that object; for instance, the light will be re- flected from the var- nished body of a buggy that is not cov- ered with dust, long before the eye can de- termine the character of the vehicle. Light is also reflected at long distances from the polished metal of an automobile and the nickeled spokes of a bicycle, but one may be close upon a

seems blotted out ex- cept the cireum- scribed area illumined by the lamps ahead into which the car is ever entering, yet never passes through. The “turnpike yacht” pitches and rolls, and it is easy to imagine one’s self piloting a motor-boat at sea. But the price of safety in driving at night is constant vigilance, for the dangers that are always present in driving an automobile even at the legal rate in the country, especially on unfamiliar roads, are magnified many-fold at night. The light is very decep- tive—moonlight is particularly so, casting shadows that look like obstructions or that conceal real pitfalls in the road. Such shadows, cast by clumps of trees bordering the road, deceive the driver as to the exact position of the sides of the road at turns so that he may miscalculate the curve and run into the ditch or against a bank. Or the driver may be tempted to indulge in a degree of speed that is unsafe. An incident recalled by the writer illustrates how deceptive are nocturnal appearances. <A driver was out with three friends one night on Long Island, and happened to be driving on a straight macadam road between open level fields. There was no moon, but it was in the early evening between eight and nine o’clock, and the weather was clear. The car was running about twenty-five miles an hour when several houses standing back from the road were approached. Just beyond the houses there came into view a gray blur which the driver took to be a small cloud of dust from some vehicle. As they drew rapidly closer it suddenly dawned upon the members of the party, when the car was not more than three or four rods away, that it was a high board fence directly ‘ A beautiful Stage Effect observed in Night Driving. Car are just visible at the Head of the Roadway. two Machines to pass, and an abundance of Artificial Light is Needed The Lights of an approaching wagon-load of hay or lumber before being There is scarcely Room here for able to see it. About the first portions of such an_ object to eatch the eye are the steel tires of the wheels which are polished bright by wear on the road. Unlike most horse-drawn vehicles, all automobiles have rear lights, and if care were taken to see that these were always lighted at night, more rear-end collisions would be prevented, especially when stops are made in the road to make some adjust- ment or replace a tire. The powerful acetylene headlights of an approaching automo- bile often cause trouble. A driver cannot see how far beyond the lights the wheels and body project on either side, and so is in- clined to give the machine plenty of room. In doing so he may run off the side of the road, and perhaps drop one of his wheels off the end of a drain or culvert or strike a large stone. This re- calls the story of the new driver recruited from the ranks of the coachmen, who when driving one night ran head on into a horse and buggy, killing the horse, injuring its driver and badly dam- aging the automobile. Explaining the accident afterward, the chauffeur. said that he thought the lights on the buggy were the lamps of two bicycles ridden side by side, and tried to drive be- tween them. The brilliant light from acetylene-lamps on an approaching automobile is so blinding that it absolutely obscures everything behind and to the sides of the lamps. The effect of the strong light persists for several seconds after passing, and there is danger that the driver will swing back into the road too quickly and collide with a second car or a team just behind the first.

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HARPER’S WEEKLY Another real danger arises from following a leading car closely when swinging out to the left to pass a slower-moving vehi- cle ahead. This has been known to result in a col- lision with a team coming in the opposite direction. The driver of the first car has a clear view of the road and pulls back onto the right side of the road as soon as he clears the first wagon, but the driver of the second car has _ his view cut off by the first one and by the dust raised, so that he does not pull over soon enough to avoid the approaching team. Moreover, the gap between the teams is lessening, so that the following car has less room in which to pass than the leader. Drivers of horses are prone to place far too much reliance upon the ability of the driver of an automobile to see and avoid them. Carrying no lights on their own vehicles to give warn- ing of their presence, they place all responsibility of preventing collision upon. the motorist. As it is impossible for them to calculate the speed of a car coming directly toward them, they sometimes delay too long in pulling out to the right of the road, and the driver of the automobile must take his choice between hitting the outfit or running off the road, perhaps overturning his machine in the ditch. : It is very difficult at night to estimate the angles of turns in the road, and if one tries to take them at too great a speed he is liable to run off the side. This is especially so when driving on unfamiliar roads. Another source of danger on turns lies in the possibility of coming upon another vehicle just around the bend. With fixed lights the rays are projected in line with the posi- tion of the car, instead of on the centre of the road at an angle to it, leaving the road in darkness but a short distance ahead. Even when the car is equipped with a swivel search-light, it is inconvenient to manipulate the lamp constantly on the turns, especially in hilly country ,where there are many of them. The only way to insure safety on turns is to drive cautiously. Dust is a prolific source of danger. It is much more difficult to see in a cloud of dust at night than in the daytime, for the dust particles reflect the light from the lamps back into the eyes of the driver in such a way as to obscure everything behind the dust cloud. For this reason it is. not safe to pull back into the middle of the road after passing a wagon or automobile until the dust has thinned enough to let the driver know that there is no other vehicle ahead of him following the one that has just passed. Red lanterns put out at night to give warning of excavations unfolds around a Turn. Shadows cast by clumps of Trees and Bushes conceal the Edges of the Road, which The Need of a good Swivel Search-light is apparent here in the road, or of piles of building materials in the streets have been the cause of a number of accidents. Sometimes there are several lights placed on both sides of the street and extending out toward the middle. In such a ease the driver does not know where to drive, and in trying to go between two of them where he assumes the way to be clear he will sometimes drop his wheels into an excavation. It is never safe to drive fast without having the eyes protected by goggles, but there is a strong temptation to do so at night, when there are few passing vehicles to raise the dust, and when the cool air feels fresh upon the face and eyes that may be smart- ing after a hot day’s run. The danger in yielding to the tempta- tion lies in the fact that myriads of gnats and other small in- sects swarm in the air near the ground and under the trees after dark, and one of these may strike the eyeball at any in- stant. Some of them discharge a powerful liquid that smarts painfully, and may startle the driver into letting go of the steering-wheel to raise a hand involuntarily to the eye. Of course the possibility of accident is greatly increased in the event of rain or mist when driving at night. The globules of water settle upon the glass of the screen of the car, if it is raised, or upon the driver’s goggles,- obscuring or distorting the vision. nd if the goggles are removed when running into rain, a rain- drop may strike the eyeball and cause momentary blindness, and that moment may suffice to ditch the car on an unexpected turn. The exaggerated impression of speed that one gets, together with a constant feeling of doubt as to what may be just ahead in the gloom, should usually counsel decreased speed. A Turn in the Road temporarily Blocked by loaded Furniture-vans and a Buggy, which carry no lights. Rays from a Swivel Search-light may be thrown well around the Turn dema imme WI misin ent 11 ing 0 servic stom all bi O Tm An When Or I give Dor And : Is ¢ When An That The I give To And s Of Whene | pi ye To And w As ¢ I stop Which The And y And I'll bo And With In fe And be Thus

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fhe Navy’s New Regime Under Medical Control Tue Relief had just stove a. hole in her alt stokehold. “\Vhat shall we do, Captain?” asked the Bos'un'’s mate. Give the keel an antiseptic bath and fill the hole with absorbent cotton,” returned the doctor in command. ‘ When the leak has been absorbed cover the abrasion with a capsicum plaster.” Next! “What's this I hear about the White House chef giving up his job and enlisting in the navy?” said the Congressman from Wayback, meeting the Secretary of The Rackets on the Potomae Tennis Court. *] guess it is true,” replied the Secretary. “The President has promised to put him in command of one of the supply-ships on the arrival of the fleet at San Francisco.” “What does he know about navigation?” demanded the Congressman. “Nothing. But he will have an admiral immediately under him,” said the Secretary. Answer to a Correspondent WILBERFORCE JENKINS. You have been misinformed. The President has no_pres- ent intention of following up his order giv- ing naval commands to the doctors in the service by a general order, substituting stomach-pumps for those already in use on all battle-ships and cruisers. Admiral Paregoric O I'm the Medico-Admirell, And l rule the big Navee. Whenever the ocean ’gins to swell, Or kick up a nervous sea, I give it a dose of castor-oil Done up in a big fat pill; And all of the beastly mad turmoil Is calm as a mountain rill. When out in the briny wet I go, And meet with an aretie blast That covers with ice and sleety snow The main and the mizzen mast, I give the vessel a gingerade To keep her quite free from chills, And soak her keel in a mixture made Of caraway-seeds and squills. Whenever my good ship ‘springs a leak By giving her nose a bump, I pipe the crew with my siren squeak To handle the stomach-pump; And when the water is baled away, As dry as a big bass drum, I stop the hole with a- tourniquet And plaster of capsicum. In case of a war with old Japan ll wallop the foe-on sight, Ker 1 have a strictly novel plan For winning a naval fight. I'll load all my guns with capsules filled With gallons of opiates, Which fired by marksmen brave and skilled The foeman asphyxiates. And when he’s thoroughly etherized, _And lying around in heaps, I'll board the vessels I’ve thus surprised. And while the enemy sleeps, With my trusty knife I’ll operate In fashion both skilled and neat; And both of his legs 1’l] amputate, Thus eutting off his retreat. So here’s to the good ship Epicac, _ And here’s to her Admirell ; rhe finest bottle-ship in the pack mi, wixt York and Los Angell! With her druggist mate and her clinic crew, _. What better old craft than she To lead the cruise through the damp and ooze Of the deep and surgeon sea? JOHN KENDRICK BANGS. HARPER’S WEEKLY Economy AN amusing story recently went the rounds at Princeton concerning a last year’s graduate, an industrious student of an ex- tremely literal tendency. At the beginning of his concluding year, it appears, his father, about to set off for Europe, had promised the boy that if he got his degree he would be sent for by his parent, who would take him for a Continental trip lasting the entire summer. His ambition thus stimulated the lad studied faithfully all the college year, and in June came through with flying colors. Then he cabled his father: * Yes.” The old gentleman, however, would seem to have forgotten his impulsive offer, for after musing a bit over the message he cabled back: ‘“ Yes, what?” Whereupon, the son, in turn a trifle per- plexed, thought it over. Finally he cabled his father: ‘“ Yes, sir.” His Repertory A CAMDEN, New Jersey, man _ recently reached the conclusion that his eight year old boy is a trifle too bright. At dinner one evening the father had been entertaining a number of friends from Phila- delphia with a funny story. This was at dessert. The youngster had been very quiet throughout the previous courses; but here he arose to the vccasion in fine style. When the laughter induced by his father’s humor had ceased, the boy, with a fine affectation of delight, said: “Now, dad, do tell the other one!” What Happened to Jones One day a tall, gaunt woman, with rope colored hair and an expression of great fierceness, strode into the office of a county clerk in West Virginia. “You air the person that keeps the mar- riage books, ain’t ye?” she demanded. “What book do you wish to see, madam?” asked the polite clerk. “Kin you find out if Jim Jones was mar- ried?” Search of the records disclosed the name of James Jones, for whose marriage a license had been issued two years before. “Married Elizabeth Mott, didn’t he?” asked the woman. “The license was issued for a marriage with Miss Elizabeth Mott.” “Well, young man, I’m Elizabeth. I thought I oughter come in an’ tell ye that Jim has escaped!” No Doubt Brack Mammy. “Say, parson, don’t it pear mighty strange dat de cullard folks should hev been made black?” Parson Woortor. “Deed it do, mammy. It must hab been dat de Lawd created de cullard people way back in de dark ages.” “ Pitiless Fiction” Tne historian Freeman once said: “I never let a man die at the end of a chapter.” The modern serial, or continued story, ex- emplifies a like theory of pausing at the very brink of an absorbing event. We con- sider a year-long serial one of considerable length; yet in France, in 1610, the: first two parts of the Astrée, one of the most cele- brated of Gallic novels, were published four or five years before the third part, and sev- eral more in advance of the fourth and fifth parts. About the same time flourished Mademoi- selle de Scudéry, memorable as the author of the first romances of any note written by a woman. She composed and published by instalments novels of a length wnknown to the readers of to-day. Every story was originally issued in batches of small octavos, sometimes running to a score or so. She has been described as “the most pitiless writer of fiction that the world has ever known.” 29 The same seventeenth century illustrates, again, the willingness of French writers to bide their time. The poet Malherbe wished to consele a friend on the death of his wife. | By the time the poem was finished the gentleman had been consoled, remarried, and was himself dead! Easy In the grocery division of a big depart- ment store in Cleveland not long ago a young woman was conducting an exhibit demonstrating the value of a new prepara- tion of wheat. On the counter in front of her were many little plates. These she filled from time to time with freshly cooked samples that were passed out free to cus- tomers who desired to test them. One such, a lean, dyspeptie looking woman, consumed her dish with evident relish, and the young woman, confident of making a sale, addressed her with a most engaging smile. “How do vou like our new breakfast food?” she asked. “It’s only ten cents a package.” “It’s all right.” replied the lean woman, setting down the dish, “but the facet is that I never eat any breakfast.” Not a Mere Man A WELL-KNOWN captain of one of the Hamburg-American liners, while on a _ re- cent visit to New York, was talking of pride of birth, and he told this anecdote of a cer- tain. brother captain in the transatlantic service: “A German passenger once fell from the deck of his ship into the sea, and a sailor, seeing him disappear with a splash, cried: ‘Man overboard!’ “* What do you mean with your “ Man overboard ”? shouted the captain, who heard the call. ‘Graf Hermann von Finkinstein, Duke of Suabia and Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, is overboard.’ ” A PERFECT MILK SUPPLY should bear a guaranty of purity. The name “ BorpEN” guar- antees purity in milk products. BorpEN’s PEERLESS BRAND EVAPORATED MILK (unswettened) is prepared where cleanliness and purity reign supreme. Use it in all recipes calling for milk or cream. «*« THE BEST ALL-ROUND FAMILY LINIMENTis “BROWN'S HOUSEHOLD PANACEA.” 25 cents a bottle. «*» Use BROWN’S Camphorated, Saponaceous DENTIFRICE for the teeth. Delicious. 25 cents per Jar. 4*s ADVERTISEMENTS. REVIVED AT LAST |'Emaciated Woman Restored by Proper Food. The amount of harm done from eating food which lacks the nourishing elements or is in such form that the system can’t absorb it is much greater than many persons even suspect. The harm can’t be corrected by drugs either. There must be a complete change in the dietary— the cause of the trouble must, be removed. “T have been a constant sufferer from stomach trouble, constipation and neuralgia for the past 14 years,” writes a Mich. lady, “ and the past vear became tired of life, of everybody, and everything. “The best doctors and several weeks at a sanitarium afforded me only temporary relief. Finally an attack of the grippe caused me to give up hope of ever’ being well again. I was growing weaker and more emaciated every day. “At last a doctor advised me to try some predigested food, as nothing would stay on my stomach. My husband sent for some Grape- Nuts, of which I ate a little with milk, and then awaited the usual results. “My stomach did not reject this food, and from that time on, for several weeks, I lived on Grape-Nuts and milk. I-felt no pain whatever in my stomach, my health gradually came back, and in five weeks I gained 25 pounds. I derived more strength from Grape-Nuts than I ever did from a meat and potato diet.” “There’s a Reason.” Name given by Postum Co., Battle Creek, Mich. Read “The Road to Wellville,” in pkgs.

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RECISELY half a century ago Richard Wagner, en- gaged in his heartbreaking task of (as he pathetic- ally expressed it) “ heaping one silent score upon another,” was deep in the composition of his master- piece, “ Tristan und Isolde.” It is of interest to note the anniversary, for it has been marked by the fact that we in New Yerk have just been vouch- safed an interpretation of this work which was as impressively announced as it has been wonderingly acclaimed. One refers, of course, to the remarkable version of the score that was recently disclose:| at the Metropolitan Opera House under the leadership of Mr. Gustav Mahler, who has come to this country from the Royal Opera House in Vienna to assume a controlling share in the musical activities of the Metro- politan. In his native land Mr. Mahler is an exceedingly distinguished and influential person, and his fame has spread to the feur corners of the artistic world. He has long been eclebrated as a conductor— as one of the most able and individual in Europe; and as ezar of the Royal Opera in Vienna he has_ brought about performances of ope- ratic masterworks, Wag- nerian and otherwise, the ex- cellence of which has made him famous. He is, in fact, one of the most illustrious of living conductors, and he is a composer of great skill, amazing endurance, and boundless ambition — his formidable experiments in symphonic writing have been the subject of extended comment in this place. Mr. Mahler, before he came to us, was reputed to possess Copyright by Mishkin an indomitable will, and to exercise it implacably; he was said to entertain inflex- ible convictions—convictions that were independent and to some degree revolution- ary—concerning operatic in- terpretation, and to enforce them without compromise. From such a man, obviously, an extremely interesting reading of Wagner’s wonderful work was to be looked for; especiaily since, as it was understood, Mr. Mahler had enjoyed much latitude and had been favored with every opportunity in the preparation of the perform- ance. The event was, beyond dispute, one of prime importance, not alone by reason of Mr. Mahler’s reputation, but because “Tristan und Isolde” has, within the forty-nine years of its existence, become an authentic classic, and an unfamiliar interpre- tation of it by a man of authority, through which new traditions may be established, becomes of vital consequence to the music loving public. The manner in which Mr. Mahler’s conception of the “ Tristan ” score was made known conveyed, it may be said at the start, a suggestion of portentousness that was somewhat unfortunate, de- spite the serious consideration to which, as has been said, the occa- sion was entitled. _It should scarcely be necessary to remind the thoughtful reader, although the fact seems to have been forgotten, that Mr. Mahler is very far from being the first great conductor who has set before us the result of his study of Wagner’s sovereign tragedy. ‘“ Tristan” has been in the repertoire of the Metropolitan Opera House since it was first performed there on a certain historic evening twenty-one years ago—that is to say, since December 1, 1886: and there were giants even in those days. That performance (in the cast of which, it may be recalled, were Lilli Lehmann, Albert Niemann, Marianne Brandt, and Emil Fischer) was conducted by the late Anton Seidl, a Wagner con- ductor who, in respect of certain qualities, has never been ap- proached; and Mr. Scidl conducted thereafter innumerable _per- formances of “ Tristan” in New York, performances*the memory of which, even to-day, a decade after his death, delights and exalts the spirit. We have heard, too, the superb “ Tristan” reading of Felix Mottl, a reading which, while it was not so poetic, so lumin- ous, or so tender as that of Seidl, had moments of overwhelming splendor. These facts are recalled here and now because it is not well that Mr. Mahler and his adherents should treasure the notion that the score of * Tristan und Isolde” has been in any degree a Mme. de Cisneros CONTRALTO AT THE MAN- HATTAN OPERA HOUSE GUSTAV MAHLER AND By LAWRENCE GILMAN the Opera “TRISTAN ” sealed book to this public—that our students and music lovers are amiable barbarians to whom is to be graciously accorded « new Wagnerian dispensation. Mr. Mahler possesses, seemingly, the order of mind that is called analytical. He approaches a score in the manner of a botanist laying bare the intricate loveliness of a rare and complex lant. He is bent upon dissecting it with the utmost faithfulness, and with rigorous precision. His attitude is detached, rigorously ob- jective. It was in this spirit that he disclosed the infinite subtle- ties of the “ Tristan” score—nothing escaped his marvellously penetrating scrutiny. He exposed the gorgeous yet delicate and often recondite strands of that wonderful woof of orchestra! tone with a vivid clarity that was wellnigh pitiless. Moreover, he knows how to subdue the surge and thunder of the orchestra! tides in such a manner that they never overwhelm the voices of the singing actors on the stage. His reading is indescribably lucid, exquisitely calculated, extraordinary in its finesse, its poise, its distinction and dignity of plan. But Mr. Mahler fails, in considerable measure, to lay bare the heart of this music. There is a greater and a deeper “ Tristan und Tsolde” than that which he makes known. His fastidious taste, his admirable discretion, his respect for the voice parts, his horror of obvious effects, lead him, in the end, astray. In this music is the mightiest, the most unconfined emotional declaration that the art of the world can show. This incomparable score—incomparable alike in its flaming passion and its superlative beauty—issued from the brain of Wagner at white heat; not to make evident and irresistible its fiery ecstasy, its unique ardors, is to be unfaithful not alone to its spirit, but to its letter; is, in other words, to be false to the genius of Wagner at its most precious and typical. It is not extravagant to say that so tame, so ineffectual, a perform- ance of the last act of this music drama as that achieved by Mr. Mahler has not been heard in New York; the delirious longings of Tristan were scarcely recognizable as such; the exultant trans- ports of Jsolde’s “ Liebestod ” were turned into a gently pathetic berceuse ; the music was, to be frank, emasculated, shorn of almost all its glory and its strength. Nor was the second act more com- pellingly read. The mellow loveliness of the nocturnal opening scene, the entrancing beauty of Jsolde’s rhapsodizing, the ineffable poetry of the hymn to the night—these things were not revealed; yet time after time they have been eloquently present in other readings. Nor must it be supposed that Mr. Seidl, for example, in making clear these characteristics of the score, did so at the cost of overcoming the singers. With him-the pedestal was securely in the orchestra, the statue upon the stage. With Mr. Mahler the pedestal is not merely in the orchestra; it is often sunk beneath the floor. In the matter of tempo, Mr. Mahler does not appear to have that sure and instinctive sense of what is appropriate and inevitable which, as Wagner conceived, is the ultimate test of fitness in a conductor. To adduce a single: instance, Mr. Mahler takes the Prelude at so somnolent a pace that its smouldering fires seem at times on the point of extinguishment; so flaccid, indeed, was the reading, that Wagner’s characterization of the climax—that “mighty onslaught, the most powerful endeavor to find the breach which shall open to the heart the path to the ocean of the endless joy of love ”—might have been recalled by an inexperienced hearer with something like incredulity. It should be said, in con- clusion of this brief discus- sion, that Mr. Mahler sees fit to eut the music of “ Tristan ” with a ruthless- ness and a lack of regard for its dramatic relation- ships that are, one must confess, a little shocking. If shere has really been made known a definite and determined refusal on the part of the Metropolitan’s audiences to hear the work in the liberally curtailed form in which it has been known to New York since the death of Mr. Seidl, it would seem to be only fair to those who value and love the opera to take it out of the regular subscription repertoire and perform it, as “ Parsifal” is performed, under condi- tions more favorable to its adequate presentation. Mr. Theodore Chaliapine BASSO AT HOUSE NEW RUSSIAN METROPOLITAN OPERA THE THE When, « in the sof Havana, h have left hogany sic Fr BILKINS York to Be to the but “Give m “Extren prietor of we are not ing.” A DEAD 1 But w The shoe The ev A THe DE five me a Mapam, Spare,” Onz mo Woman of lessly piek another wo

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3 ] > are new uled inist lant. and ' ob- btle- nusly and tone he tides the ucid, ate - the und aste, rror s the > art rable sued and thful oO be It orm- ’ Mr. os of rans- hetie most com- cene, petry time Nor clear ming stra, ; not that table in a ; the m at s the —that the f the enced » wt {OUSE TY-A-SHAVER When, after dining well, you stroll forth in the soft twilight to enjoy your fragrant Havana, how annoying it is to find that you have left your silver matchcase on the ma- hogany sideboard! Free List Suspended BILKINS has recently moved from New York to Boston. The other morning he went to the butcher’s. “Give me a nice porterhouse,” he ordered. “Extremely sorry, sir,” said the pro- prietor of the establishment, urbanely, “ but ing not giving anything away this morn- Annihilation A DEAD man’s shoes he’d waited for, But when the owner ’d passed The shoes were gone; and, furthermore, The cuss had breathed his last. CARLYLE SMITH. A Limited Supply Tue DEPARTING give me a character, madam Mapam., “Tm sorry, but. 1 haven’t one to spare,” Servant. “ Could 99) you The Day’s Work Onz morning not long ago a well known Woman of Chicago while shopping thought- essly picked up an umbrella belonging to another woman and started to walk off with a HARPER’S WEEKLY it. The owner stopped her, snd the absent minded one, with many apologies, returned the umbrella. This little incident served to remind her that a number of umbrellas were needed in her family, so she bought two for her daugh- ters and one for herself. As it was the holiday season; she took the articles with her, instead of ordering their delivery. As she entered a car, armed with the three umbrellas, she chanced to observe that exactly opposite her sat the very woman with whom she had had the unfortunate ex- perience but a short while before. The second woman stared at the three umbrellas very hard for several minutes. Then, with a significant smile, she leaned across the aisle and said, in an icy tone, “T see you’ve had a successful hour.” Emphatically AN acquaintance called on some ladies in an Alabama town who had at the time been much wearied by an apparently endless suc- cession of callers. The door was opened by Augustus Butts, the faithful old butler. “ Are the ladies in?” asked the caller. “No, ma’am, they’se all out.” “T am so sorry that I missed them,” con- tinued the visitor, handing him her cards. “T particularly wished to see Mrs. Jones.” “Yes, ma’am, thank yo’, ma’am,” re- sponded Augustus. “They’se all out, ma’am, and Mrs. Jones is particularly out, ma’am.” His Tribute A Boston man avers that in a certain New England churchyard there is a tomb- stone bearing an epitaph that never fails to bring a smile to the face of the reader. It runs thus: “To the memory of Clara Ann and Sarah Jane, his two wives, this stone is erected by their grateful widower, Henry H. Harkins. They made home pleasant.” Out of His Class THERE is a clerk in the employ of a Philadelphia -business man who, while a fair worker, is yet an individual of pronounced eccentricity. One day a wire basket feli off the top of the clerk’s desk and scratched his cheek. Not having any court plaster at hand, he slapped on three two-cent postage stamps and continued his work. A few minutes later he had occasion to take some papers to his empleyer’s private office. When he entered, the “old man” observing the postage stamps on his cheek fixed him with an astonished stare. “ Look here, Jenkins!” he exclaimed. “You are carrying too much postage for second-class matter!” False Tue story is told of an actor, popular with the matinee girls, who is beset by the fear of being thought older than he is. The last time this player was interviewed it was by a young woman reporter for one of the dailies. She wished to get his views touching the condition of the drama, a sub- ject the actor was not particuiarly desirous of discussing. “Tm not sure,” said the young woman, laughingly, “ whether I’m really finding out what you think. You ought to be frank, for your eyes are gray and—” “Prematurely so, I assure you, my dear young lady,” the player hastened to inter- ject. | CR ee spobebeeedetetecdetecdedededededededetebobobobebobeebeb bebo LIQUEUR t Peres Gharireux ~GREEN AND YELLOW— + THE AFTER-DINNER LIQUEUR OF REFINED TASTE Ce Nie Nae ae ae ae We ae Wak Nie Nie ae Wik Tie Ne Wie Wik Whe ie vik ve Yh vie Yk Yet Ys vk Wd he) PAR ues Pires Chartreu\ At first-class Wine Merchants, Grocers, Hotels, Cafes. Batjer & Co., 45 Broadway, New York, N. Y., Sole Agents for United States. SochecSecRecSecSocke che chechoche Rockochechechechecheche hechechecefechectecRechecheckechehachechecheck, Ce ie ie ie ie aie te Nie ie ie ie ae Wie ae Nae ie a Nie Wie ik Wik Wi Wie ie Wik Yk vik Wik Wk Ye Wie Yk ik ie) vovvuvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvwvovvvvovvooevevwvueewnvrwveTrrrret tte Se keckecke we shecke che che chechecke che chechecBe che che che che Be cBecheche Se checkecke checkeckeche Seckecke heen eSeeSe ake BeBe eRe Be Ba oBa eke Be Ba aBe BoB 2. $4 Socke hoskeckeck 2. SacRechectectoce he BecRecke SectecheckocSecheck 5 oe we Sewer eee eC ee ec ee Q Cube wie ae) 7. In an article, ‘‘ How Royalty Dines,”’ published in Town and Country, it appears that, while Kine Epwarp is extremely abstemious in regard to liquid refreshments, he displays considerable in- | dividuality of taste in this respect, which is curi- ously exemplified in the case of a cocktail of his own invention, the composition of which is as follows : A little rye whiskey, Some crushed ice, A small square of pineapple, A piece of lemon peel, A few drops of maraschino, A few drops of champagne, A dash of ANGostuRA BITTERS, and sufficient powdered sugar to bring the cock- tail exactly to the royal requirements. , * + _ “ The Perfect Pint of Stout.” LUYTIES BROTHERS, U. S. Agents, New York " Makes the best cocktail. A delightful aromatic 4 for all wine, spirit and soda beverages. A table- spoonful in an ounce of sherry or sweetened water after meals affords relief and aids digestion. PEERS OS CRI 6 8 important to see that it is Abbott’s. 31 "

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e Season’s Plays SOME MIDWINTER EVENTS By ae | ” ECEPTION to ‘ Quality Street’ unprecedented.” This is the cablegram which Charles Frohman sent to J. M. Barrie as terse and truthful ¢eom- ment at the close of Miss Maude Adams’s first performance of LPhabe Throssell in the revived “Quality Street” at the Empire Theatre. Had the performance been a first production the en- thusiasm could not have been more marked. For nearly three seasons Miss Adams has been playing in Mr. Barrie’s delightful “ Peter Pan,” and one has had to rely upon his memory to associate Miss Adams with skirts. She has been tripping about the stage in Peter's knickerbockers for so long that there was no little curiosity to see her again in the more cumbersome trappings of femininity. It was five years ago that Miss Adams appeared in “ Quality Street,” but her performance now has lost none of its freshness, none of its winsomeness. ‘he réle of Valentine Brown, “ dashing Captain Brown,” is played by Frederick Eric. It is a pity that Mr. Erie plays the part with such a superabundance of energy, which at times reaches the point of shouting. He seems: to have mistaken boisterousness for youthful excess of spirit. The charac- ters of Miss Susan, Miss Fanny, and Miss Henrietta were played extremely well by Miss Ina Hammer, Miss Mildred Morris, and Miss Ella Gilroy. In that perennial home of comedy, Weber’s Theatre, where auditors and performers seem to sit facing one another cheek by Miss Viola Alfen in “Irene Wycherley,” the new English Play which has made a success Abroad jowl across tables charged with drinkables and smokables, i hey are presenting a burlesque of “The Merry Widow ” that may weil keep Broadway on the grin for many nights. ; Into this environment is projected the resilient Mr. Peter F, Dailey—we beg his pardon: Pete Dailey—in the character of (ura- mel de Jollidog, a journeyman lover. Mr. Pete has long been a wanderer from the Great White Way, a prodigal star in the distant One-night-stand land, and his return is the mighty signa! for one of the most exuberant welcomes ever offered to a comeiian. Incidentally it may be recorded that Mr. Pete must have found very nourishing husks on the road, f ~ whereas when he last appeared in New York he was merely rotund, now he is vastly globular—rolling, swelling, and tugging ehout.inside his costume as the levitating agent surges and strains against its envelope in a billowy balloon. But the agility of Mr. Pete increases in direct ratio with his adiposity. Never has he danced with such gracé and lightness as he does now; also never has he been so spontaneously funny, so bubbling over in a perpetual effervescence of good humor and magnetism that not only tickles the house, but makes his comrades snicker and forget cues even at the risk of the manager's fine. Great is Pete Dailey of the Broadwaygians! Here is one of his most winning sallies: he observes a bevy of chorus girls clad in diaphanous raiment. “ Ah,” he counsels, with a merry twinkle of the eye, “ you shouldn’t be out on a cold night like this unless you’re wrapped up in your profession!” Charles J. Ross is highly effective as Prince Dandilo, a waiter at Maxim’s. His acting and his diction are admirable, and his dancing is at once graceful and dignificd. Lulu Glaser, the Prin- cess Fonia, is as winsome as ever, and her voice, though, for a time obscured by a cold, has much of its characteristic charm. Joe Weber, as Disch, janitor at the embassy, and Albert Hart, as Baron Copoff, Farsovian Ambassador at Paris, were fitted with ineffective parts that gave them very little opportunity to be diverting. Mabel Fenton, as Fatalie, the Baroness Copoff, was similarly handicapped. All of these disadvantages will doubtless be eliminated, and there is every prospect that the burlesque will win the favor of the publie to which it appeals. And while on the subject of beneficial changes, may “I” sug- gest that a judicious use of disinfectants will also be useful? There is one bit of vulgar dialogue. which is several times reiterated, that offends without evoking a laugh even from the most hardened Tenderloinese. Surely it is not altogether unworthy of managerial notice that decency is, after all, the best policy. “ Funabashi,” a new musical comedy, recently disclosed to publie view at the Casino, offers that not very novel thing. a Japanese setting. Tecumseh J. Carter (Joseph Miron), United States Secretary of State, is visiting that country in order to ap- pease the national resentment which has been aroused over the breaking of a Japanese umbrella in San Francisco. His son, Jack Carter (Walter Percival), is betrothed to the Hon, Jiss Guwyndolin Hillary-Hoops (Margaret Rutledge), a British heiress; but he is in love with Polly Rivers (Vera Michelena), an Ameri- can girl, who is disguised @ la Japonaise to hide her identity from the stern Tecumseh. After the traditional misunderstandings Tecumseh relents, and announces in Act Three that he himself will marry the obliging Miss Hillary-Hoops. For the “ book” of the production Irwin S. Cobb avows the responsibility; the music and “ lyrics” are by Safford Waters. “ Funabashi” won, on its initial presentation, rather more suc- cess than it deserves. A New York audience no longer looks for an intelligent plot in a musical comedy, and it will forgive three quarters of the songs for the sake of a few good ones; but it does expect that the largest apples will be displayed on top of the barrel. ‘ Funabashi” has several apples of magnitude, but our musical and dramatic grocers fail to display them. There is, for example, Miss Macy Bloomingdale Saks (Maude Fulton), who has been “ fired” from every department store in the city. She dances like a fairy, and is indisputably the hit of the piece. Why were we not permitted to see more of her? Macy makes hardly an appearance during the first act, and she has an irritating habit of coming on the stage and walking off without meeting the anticipations of her audience. Tecumseh J. Carter, who looks like an idealized Mr. Taft with chin whiskers, performed some notable acrobatics with the lower end of his bass voice. Jack Carter was played by Walter Percival, and Monty Beauchamp, his friend, by Perey Ames. Alice Fischer and Vera Michelena sustained the chief women parts with a cer- tain ability. Mention should be made, too, of Wilkinson, thie chauffeur (Charles Butler), Owney McGehee (William Rock), thie lightweight ex-champion from Yorty-second Street, and Meowiia, the Japanese wrestler, who should have afforded much entertain- ment by an encounter with Owney, had the authors of the pro- duction availed themselves of their opportunity. 7 you nin hou

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ihey well Poy ara- na tant for lian. und last istly ume lope his ness nny, and Ades fine, one rirls erry this iter his »rin- r a rm. fart, vith . be was ‘less will sug: ful? mes the ‘thy to 2 ited ap- the son, Tiss S83 eri- rom ngs self Ik ” the Qi Qeanr Higher Criticism Knew Their Man A cERTAIN Minneapolis wholesale house re- ceived the following message from one of their travelling salesmen in South Dakota: Deadwood, South Dakota. 12-2-07. S—— & Company, Minneapolis, Minn. Snowing hard. Snow-plows stalled. Good here for week. Wire funds and instructions. G. 8 z The manager immediately replied: Minneapolis, Minn. 12-2-07. Gi. S-—, Deadwood, South Dakota. Telearam received. Hundred telegraphed you. Lose no time. Play poker, remit win- nings to house. B—, Manager. Her Pa First Cuappre. “ What kind of man is Miss Wildwest’s father?” SECOND CHAPPIE. “ He’s a faux pas.” Paradise- Lost “MAMMA, when we get to heaven, will papa go to business every day?” “ No, darling, it will all be just like Sun- day. Why?” “T was wondering whether I could really be happy with him hanging around the house all the time.” To Begin With “ Now, my children, what is an absolute necessity for family prayers?” Boy. “ A family.” The New Disease First Boy. “ My papa’s sick.” Seconp Boy. “ What’s the matter?” First Boy. “ He’s “got insolvency.” HARPER’S WEEKLY ee p A =e B SIEGERT«) f special “a GONGOSTUR A BITTERS “ Purveyors to H. M. the German Emperor and King of Prussia.” “Your Health!” Is a toast that really means something when ANGOSTURA BITTERS is served. _22 Awards at principal exposi- tions. Send for free book of recipes and complete mixing guide. J, W. WUPPEK MANN, 44 West 34th St., N.Y. A.Club. Cochtail HOUSANDS have discarded the idea of making their own cocktails,—all will after giving the CLUB COCKTAILS a fair trial. Scientifically blended from the choicest old liquors and mellowed with age make them the perfect cocktails that they are. Seven kinds, most popular of which are Martini (Gin base), Manhattan (Whis- key base). The following label appears on every bottle : Guaranteed under the National Pure Food and Drugs Act. Approved June 30th, 1906. Serial No. 1707. G. F. HEUBLEIN & BRO., Sole Props. Hartford New York London 9. HARDY Horsford’s prants Not only the hardiest shrubs, trees and vines will be found in my new 1908 catalogue, but all the best lilies for outdoor cult- ure, wild flowers, ferns, orchids for shade, and the old-fashioned perennials that can standa Vermont winter. Even if you order elsewhere you should know the hardiest kinds. Ask for cata- logue. Customers of last two years receive it without asking. FRED. HORSFORD, Charlotte, Vermont Financial For Toursand Cruises tothoORIENT™ 3. WEST INDIES Italy or Egypt See our illustrated book of information. HAMBURG-AMERICAN LINE NEw YORK Boston PHILADELPHIA CHICAGO St. Louis SAN FRANCISCO CLARK’S CRUISE OF THE “ARABIC.” T 16,000 tons, fine, large, unusualky steady. T February 6 to April 17, 1908. Seventy days, costing only $400.00 and up, including shore excur- sions. SPECIAI FEATURES: Madeira, Cadiz, Seville, Algiers, Malta, 19 Days in Egypt and the Moly Land, Constantinople, Athens, Rome, the Riviera, etc. ‘ 40 TOURS TO EUROPE tenic’lna attractive ever offered. F.C. CLARK, Times Bldg., New York. IN WILDEST AFRICA By C. G. Schillings The author of With Flashlight and Rifle has again penetrated the African wilderness and secured marvellous photographs, new discoveries, and an engrossing narrative. Never before has author’s pen and camera been turned to such good account. The 300 photo- graphs are an amazing record of the wild Africa that before long must vanish. Illustrated. Royal 8vo, $5.00 net. | HARPER & BROTHERS, PUBLISHERS, N. Y. This Manufactured by Publication is Printed With Branch Offices: BOSTON 275 WATER ST yun apeurian NEW YORK Copyright Wotice Bills of exchange bought and Letters sold. Cable Transfers to Eu- rope and South Africa, Com- of mercial and Travellers’ Letters of Credit. Collections made. Credit. International Cheques. Cer- tificates of Deposit. Brown Brothers & Co., BanKEks, No. 59 WALL STREET. Ciass A, XXc, No. 194359, December 16, 1907.—LisrRary or CoONGREsS, ‘To wit: Be it remembered, That on the six- teenth day of December, 1907, Henry James, of Rye, England, hath deposited in this Uffice the title of a BOOK, the title of which is in the following words, to wit: “ Hawthorne, By | Henry James, Jr., Harper & Brothers, New York and London,” the right whereof he claims as author and proprietor in conformity with the laws of the United States respecting copyrights. (Signed) HERBERT PutTNAM, Librarian of Congress. By ‘TT HORVALD SOLBEKG, Register of Copyrights. In renewal for 14 years trom December 23, 1907. Intending purchasers of a STRICTLY FIRST-CLASS ‘Piagaa, or Piano and Self-Player combined, should not fail to examine the merits of the world-renowned and the “SOHMER-CECILIAN” Inside Players, whicb surpass all others. Catalogue mailed on application. Warerooms, Cor. 5th Ave. 22d St. 33 SOHMER & COMPANY New York.

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HARPER’S WEEKLY Slow Waiter: “Have I ever been in the country, sir? No, sir. Tired Customer: “I was just thinking how thrilling you'd find it to sit on a fence and watch the tortoises whiz by.” Why do you aski” | SEE ONN ae woe WHISKEY FOR REPUTATION NO EQUAL TY-FOR HEALT IT HAS The Kind Your Grandfather Used te SOLD BY . Leading Dealers has been attained by the makers of Racine Boats. RACINE BOATS are built right, run right, priced right. Their real value is not discovered until they have been compared with scores of other craft on the American market. A comparison makes Racine worth convincing. Step into our branch store at 122 W. 34th St., New York; 182 Milk St., Boston; 38 Delaware Ave., Camden; 182 Jefferson Ave., Detroit; 1610 Michigan Ave., Chicago; 321 1st Ave., S. Seattle, and examine a RACINE BOAT, or write to the RACINE BOAT MFG. CO. Box H, - - Muskegon, Michigan ' SSS PA BSALSBASV SV VsA{BsBssaseeeeseaas Vane! ASISESISUSCSESE SatTIMORER’! Battimore RYE 4 Lananan 5° ¥ *e Sus ALTIMORE “Tananand> A BatTiMoRE THE CONSPICUOUS MERITS OF HUNTER BALTIMORE RYE ARE PURITY, QUALITY AND UNIFORM EXCELLENCE GUARANTEED UNDER THE NATIONAL PURE FOOD LAW AN ABSOLUTELY PURE RYE WHISKEY Sold at all first-class cafes and by jobbers. WM. LANAHAN & SON, Baltimore, Md. NYANY ANY CNY ANT ANY ANT CNY NYONT NYCNY ONY AY ANY AY ANT CANTON ATCT ANY AYA CAN ea im) Pe ae CHARLES A. DANA A NOTABLE BIOGRAPHY The Life of CHARLES A. DANA By Gen. James Harrison Wilson “The most brilliant and most talked-of journalist of his day.”—N. Y. Times. “A more interesting work of its class has rarely ap- | peared—a picture of a great man as he really was.”—Balti- | more News. | citizen has been awaited with more interest.”—WV. | | “It is many years since the biography of an = . Sun. With Portrait. Edges, Gilt Top. Crown 8&vo0, Uncut Price, $3.00 net | HARPER & BROTHERS, PUBLISHERS, NEW YORK 34 Tne ew von cena Les—LUKE SHORE LIMITED

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oO BINA LA LMA AYA NAMA MA MAMAMMMMMMAMMAAMMMAMAM AMM Mma From “Ten to Seventeen” WE TEN TO SEVENTEEN A Boarding-School Diary By JOSEPHINE DASKAM BACON Author of ‘“‘ The Memoirs of a Baby” HIS is a diary of girls in boarding-school during those years when the world is made up chiefly of two kinds of excitement —sentiment and scrapes. Those ‘who are concerned with the story are all healthy, charming girls —Roberta, who writes the »» ¢¢ Ben,”” whose clever- ““ events, ness inspires them, and Constantia, who prefixes to each event a kind of “poem”? truly remarkable. The story involves grown-ups and their various affairs, seen from the gen- uine school-girl point of view, and expressed in the exact WY language of the age. Any one who had forgotten what girls at school are like between ten and seventeen would need to [A read only a single page to remember. The book 1s sure to please equally those who are young and those young no longer. erican 5 Illustrated. Price, $1.50 HARPER @ BROTHERS, PUBLISHERS “oy Nex.

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