The Gentleman's Magazine 1770-07: Vol 40 Iss 7

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Ld The Gevtleman’s London Gazette =, Magazine: St. JOH N’s Gate. Daily Advertifer Dublin : PublicAdveriifér Newcattle 2 Public Ledger Leedes 2 Gazetteer Edinbureh StJames’sCkron Aberdeén London Chron, Glafgow Ipfwirh Norwich Exeter General Evening Whitehall Even. London Evening Lloyd’sEvening, Gloueefer Monday, Wed- Sdlifbury nefday, Friday. Liverpocl } Oxford Sherborn W orcefter || Cambridge }| Reading Stamford — Northampton Nottinghain Birmingham 2 . -Chtefter Bath 2papers Manchefter Coventry 2 Canterbury Briftol 3 Chelmsford For JULY, 1770. ¢ ONT A IN, I Be. More iit Quantity and greater Darietp than anp Gook of the Mind and. Price. Aa authentic Account of American contefts 282 | Letter from the K. of Pruffia tothe Pretender git Debates ina neweftablifh’d political fociety 283 | Letter from the Society df the Bill of Rights to — The celebrated {peech of E. B—ke’, Efq; id. ; the Carolinians 312 A plain account of the Lord’s Supper 287! Apology for the licentioufnefs of the Prefs 12. Birth of a preter. natural anima). 288 | Lord G—fv—r againtt the D. of C——-— 314 Obfervations on the Dog days in the Oxford } Letter from Mifs V—n—nto Lady GB— + 318 Atmanack i6, | Curious obfervations on the Comer. $19 Defcription of the Morea, and its chief cities 289 | An Addref: to Englifh Aftronomers 320 Obfervations on Father Harduin’s conceits 290 ; Meteorological Diary of thé Weather ib. Qn che purity df the Welth language 4g2 | Revrew of Books. —Critical Observations on Antifceptic for preferving animal fubftances 293 original Genius in Poetry. 321 Further rémiarks on Swedith Swallows 294 | —Baretti’s Journey thro’ Spain, Portug. &c. 323 An important Quettion to Park-keepers 295 | —Reflettions on the Englith Language 324 Intent of the original Donors to Colleges 296 | PorrR ¥—Satirical Ode fur the year 1740° 926 Remarks on Lard Bolingbroke’s works 297 | —Prologue to the Lame Lover ib. Réport of she arguments ini the caufe of the K, | —Epithalamium on Philander and Eugenia 7d. again Woodfall | , 298, &«. | —Cleanthes on Refignation 324 —LdM—fi—d’s Speech, charging the jury 304 —On the intended Statue of Dean Swift tb, Pleadings on Mr Miller’s Trial 305 ; Female Chara&ers £5, Remarkable Revelation of the Popifh Clergy 307 | The Queen ofthe May : 348 Huetiana—Odd notion concerning Love, 368 } Historica CHRONiCLE.—Difcovery of a — Ancient opinion concerning the Torrid Zone ib, new Comet—Speeches 19 dit Livery of Lon Explanation of the roth Epig. of Catullus 309 don—Remiarkable Executions — New Sratute —Brazii-wood, an ancient Name 310 atOxford—TrialsofHorfe-deater-- Murderer: —Caufe of contagecus Diftempers ib, —Robberies—Earthqtiakes —Fires—State of } Rous’s miftake of an early printed Date id, the Ruffian War, &c. A very promifing remedy for the Stotie giz. Lifts of Births, Marriages and Deaths; &¢, Embellithed: with an Accurate MAP of the SEAT of WAR id thé Mediterranesn, inefoding the MOREA, and the ARCHIPELAGO, and enlarged with Eight P.ges extraordinary of Letter Prefs. By SY LVANUS URBAN, Géit. Lonbon, Printed for D. HENRY, at St. Jonn’s Gare. York 2 papers PERO a a Par

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Lieutenant Hutchin{fon’s Speech to both Houfes of Alembly of the Province of Maffachuffet’sBay. ‘€ Gentlemen of the Counci. » and * Gent'emen of the Houfe of Repre efentatives. OT having received any fpecial com- N mands from his Majefty to be com- tmunicated to you, I have only to recom- mend to your confideration the public bufi- nefs of the Province, which it has been ufual for the General Court to act upon at this fea- fon of the year. “* Analagous to the Conftitution of the Su- preme Legifla: ure, icis with you, Gentlemen of the Houfe of Reprefentatives, to originate a Biil for fupplying the Treafury with a fum fuficient to defray the neceflary charges of Government ; aneftimate of which the Trea- furer will lay before you. The confiderati- on of the tax for the prefent year comes. al- fo within the fame rule. For feveral patt, the taxes have been much reduced, and in one year there was no provincial tax, a large public debt therefore ftill remains with which the prefent year, is buthened, and you will, I doub: not, thik it greater than your Con- Rituents can conveniently difcharge at once I am ready to give my confent to a bill for reducing this fum, and ch®rging a part of it upon a future year, but out of regard to the pablic intereft, I canoot help putting you in mind, that altho” ’ we are now’ina’ ftate of peace, yct from the vicifii udes to which all human affairs are liable, and from the pre- fent commotidns in Europe, the time of our continuance in this ftate is very uncertain, and his Majefty’s Biitith dominions may ere long be. again invclved in war. If we fhall have then a large public debe remaining, it will be a heavy clog uponus and we may fee too late, that it is-good policy, in umes of peace, to difcharge the debs incurred in times ef war. Lf I am rightly informed, fome of the other Cvlonies are entirely free from their debts contra&ed in the laft war, and all of them are more fo in proportion, than we are. ‘© T will not detczmine, Gentlemen, but I pray you to confider, whether the difcon- tinuing the excife upon {piritous liquors, which ufed to eafe the tax upon polls and eftates, has been of advantare 2 to the Pras vince, or whether it is not probable, that it has only caufed a proporti mmably greater un- neceflary confumption ef fuch liquors, to the detriment of the ‘health and morals of the people. “© Geaticoun of the Council, and *© Gentlemen of the Houle of Repr fe etatives. €© A multitude of Petitions came before the General Court the laf year, fome of which feemed to be of very final importance, aad I thought it hardly confiftent with the digni- ty ofshe Court, to take cognizance of them, The Affembly tken pafied had a tendency to leffen the number of pri- vate Petitions, and I fhould be glad if-fur- ther expeclients could be’ agreed upon to the like purpofe. “6 with for 3 happy harmony in the Le. AMERICAN AFFAIRS. one Act, which~~ faine fcifith views, §flature, and I will moft readily concur with . you in every meafure you fhall propote, as far as can confitt with my duty to the King, and the regard I bear to the intereft of the Province. C uncil Chamber, T. Hutcurnson.” To. this fpeech, the Affembly, inftead of prefenting the ufual addrefs, remonftrated ta his Excellency againtt their fitting at Cam- bridge, and have adually declined entering upon bufinefs unlefs the gov. wiliconvene them at Bofton, their ufual p:ace. It is however, with the greateft difficulty, that the Patriots in that. country. cam force down their non- importation {cheme upon the balk of the people, who already begin to feel the effects of their obftinacy, in the diftrefs brought upoa their families by che want of trade. Newport in Rhode- Ifland, has alrea= dy relinquifhed the confederacy, imported goods, and been anathematized. Newe- York has become mutinous, as appears from the following attempt, ** About the middle of laft- month pérfons were appointed to go through the different wards, and to each iphabitant propofe the fol lowing queftion,—* Lo you approve of a gee * neral importationof goods from Gr. Britain, * except tea, and other articles, which are * or may be fubjee to a duty on importation ? A majority appeared for importatica, on which the Committee fent off exprefles to Botton acd Philadelphia, requefting their concurrence. The letter which contained this refolution to the Committee at Bofton was juft opened, whet: as refpectable an affembly in numbers and quality as perhaps had ever attended ona like occafion, voted unanimoufly, That the body would at all events firmly adhere to the non-importation agreement, and the flanding committee were defired to euclofe the vote in a decent and refpeéful letter to the com- mittee at New-York. Afier this, the behaviour of the town of Portfmouth, "the capital of New Hamphhire, Was agitated, and a commi:tee appointed to confider of their condué i in importing Britith £0ods at this critical conjun@ure, ina larger proportion thaa ufual, and to draw up a vote refpeQing them, mutotis mutandis, fimilar to that pafled againft Ne. port, in Rhode- Ifand, and cto report at the adjournment, which ‘will be this day fe’nnight. A vote then paffed, importing, that whereas a veffel was lately arrived from Biiftol, belonging to Portfmouth, in New-Hampfhire, with about 4000 buf nels of fale, antl a parcel of Englith goods for that place ; and as the trade had lately voted and declined having any inter- courfe with Rhode-Ifland, for their infa- mouily departing from the Non- Importation agreement, and that Porifmouth, from the had never yet come into it, but imported goods indifcriminately, to the great-prejudice of the common caufe : there- tore voted, That. no perfon of this body wiil purchafe any quantity whateyer of ‘this fal, OQ any Contideratioa,

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t Hs Gentleman's M ALARZINE ; ,-O-4.Y, 1770. Depates ix a Newly-efablifbed Sa- ciETY, continued from p. 248. Mr. Kebur, in the manner of Mr. North. Mr. SPEAKER, entleman, fir, who fpoke laft, after extend- ing his right leg a full yard M4 betore his left, # rolling his fla- ming eyes, and moving his ponderous frame, has at length opened his mouth. Iwas all attention. After thefe portents I expected fomething ftill more aw- ful and tremendous: | expeéted that the Tower would have been threat- ened in articulated thunder; but I have heard only a feeble remon- ftrance againft violence and paffion. When I expeéted the powers of de- ftruction to *‘ cry hovock, and let flip their days of war,” an over- blown bladder has burit, and no- body has been hurt by the crack: metaphors might eafily be muli- plied upon this occafion, but I re- member an old fcholaftic aphorifm that beings muft not be multiplied without a necefiiry. ‘i he honour- able gentleman -has lamentably be- wailed the mifchiefs that he has fuffered from mean arts, which fhow at once the weal nefs and malice of his oppofers; he fays, that his words have been mifreprefented and his meaning perverted: andI aminclin- edto belicve thatif any meaning atall has been imputed to him, the firft part of the charge may be true; his own words have no meaning, and therefore their meaning cannot be perverted : if words have been im- puted to him that have a meaning, he has certainly fuffered wrong, and I hope that gentlemen will for the future, be more cautious how they commit fuch offences againit mini- fters of ftate. I havethis day watch- ed his words with an honett folici- tude to catch fome that had a mean- ing, but the ideas’ they convey, are like thofe of a dream in the night, all incoherence and confufion. He has told us that the people have been perfuaded there are grie- vances, by writing, meeting, and fpeaking ; but if it ts a fault to per- fuade by writing, meeting, and fpeaking, let him tell us what means of perfuafion more eligible he has difcovered. Writing, and meeting, and {peaking about grievances do not make them: it has indeed been infinuated that our grievances are imaginary, becaufe they are fuch as the peafants or artificers of York- fhire would not immediately feel, nor perhaps diftover till they felt. But if thofe who fee oppreffion in its diftant. though. certain approach, if thofe who fee the fubverfion of li- berty in its caufe are always few, does it fellow that there never are approaches to opprefiion, or remote caufes of the fubvertion of liberty ? if the few who can and do difcover effe&is in their caufes onen the eyes of others, it thofe who fee the rigkts of clectioninvaded in Middlefex, ac- guaintthe graziers and cloathiers of remote counties with their intereftin the event, and its confequences, arethey, for that reafon, leaders of a - faction,

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284 faction, actuated by perfonal and felfifh views? if when all who are jnterefted, fee their danger and feek redrefs, does it follow that they implicitly re-echo a-caufelefs com- plaint? or when redrcfs is refufed them, can it be pretended-that they are well affected ? The: minifters of the unhappy Charles,. told the fame tales that are told now, and praGifed the fame aits of delufion. When the people were ready to tear. the crown from his head, they perfuaded him that he was the idol of their hearts, that there was no difcontent but among thofe who endeavoured to open his eyes; and that he had no enemies, but thofe who endeavoured to re- move-from his prefeuce, thofe who were bringing him to the block: He was. foothed with this fatal falfhood to his very dying hour, and he was weak enough to believe even upon the {caffold, that his af- feétionate people would not let him fuffer. But fome of our minifterial gen- tlemen infift, that there. are no grie- wances ; others venture to deny that there are complaints. Thofe who admit that there are complaints, ut deny that there are grievances, ay, that the rabble, the bafe born, the fcum-of the earth, are always difcontented, and eagerly faften upon any thing that- is held up be- fore them, .as a juftification of their difcontent ; the others deny that even this rabble, this fcum of the earth is. difcontented; they have gravejled the country through, and they find no difcontent any where; both repreientations cannot be true, and it refts’ with thefe immaculate gentlemen to determine, by which they wiil abide, It matters indeed not much what they pretend; it is manifeft that’ fuch counfe! is given and fach. meafures purfued, as can- pot fzil to deitroy that: confidence and harmony which fhould cverfyb- fit betweea a prince and his people’: military executions have been wan: tonly exercifed and wickediv coun- fenanced ; murders have been a- s« Debates ina newly-eflablifoed Society. betted, and murderers protedted, encouraged and rewarded : publick money has been fhamefully fquan- dered, and no account given of millions that have been mifapplied to the purpofes:of venality and cor- ruption; obfolete and vexatious clajms of the crown have been re- vived, with a view to influence the ele&tions of Members to fit in this Houfe; the: majority of one branch of the legiflature have arrorantly affumed the power of the w hole, and daringly fuperceded the law of the land by their refolutions ; the hum- ble petitions of the p ople. to their gracious Sovereign refufed and dif: countenanced, The fame baneful influence under which this counitry is governed, is extended to. our fellow fufferers in America; the conftitutional rights of Englithmen are invaded, and money raifed upon the fubje& without his conient: whole legiflative affemblies have been fufpended, for no other réafon than their having afferted the un- alienable rights of their confitu- ents; Britifh fubjeéts in America have been threatened to be feized and brought to ingland, tor crimes fappofed to have beeg committed there: menaces have been ufed to intimidate the legiflature of our provinces, and extort a compliance with minifterial requifitions that are altogether arbitrary and unjuft: theirAdmiraity Courts are fupported in the exercife of an oppreffive pow- er, by which the property of the fubje& is put: into the hands of Of- ficers, who are interefied in their condemnation ; and now let me afk the moit hardy of the minifterial hirelings, if there are no griev- ances. At a time when. our taxes are high er than they have been at any former period, atid trade every where declining, when our brethren in A- merica abe driven from the bofom of their mother country, to the arms of foreign nations w homtheircommerce will firengthen and enrich, when in every partot our dominions, the beit, the wifeit,and the moft moderate men ales 46. ee —_ are

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Debates in a newwly-ofteblifoed Society. are ready to forget their allegiance, thefe hardened profligates fit un- moved, and would gravely perfuace us, that there are neither grievances, difcontents, nor complaints! While the veffel of fate is beaten by a ftorm that threatens deftruétion, they are neither in the diftrefs, nor fenfi- - ble of the danger : they do nothing either for thofe who trim the fails; ner for him that holds: the helm, “but ftand, like horned cattle in the - hold, torpid, and infenfible to all the horrors that furround them. Are thefe the men that are feleéted to carry on the government of a great nation? Look rotnd, and you will find them all of a clafs. "Whom have they feleted in thefe perilous times to footh the animo- dity, and reconcile the differences that now unhappily fubfift between our colonies and the mother coun- try ? I need not name the man; eve- ry body knows him asa projector, as one who by wild and chimerical {chemes, has not only fo embarraf- fed his own affairs as to render his dtay in this country impra@ticable, but brought irretrievable ruin upon many others. Thefe are fervices which it was thought proper to re- ward; this is a charaGter which ad- miniftration determined to appro- priate: the felf-banifhment of this fugitive, therefore, was dignified with an honourable commiffion, and he that could no longer live in his _ own country, was made governor of another; he who brought his own affairs as a private individual into irremediable confufion is fent in a publick charaéer to fuperintend thofe of a numerous and commerci- al people. My worthy friend, Sir,* obtained leave to read as a fam- ple of this gentleman’s abilities to execute his truit, part of his fpeech to the afiembly of Virginia, | hope therefore that I fhall be indulged ia alike favour. ‘* It adds greatly, fays the houfe of burgeffes in Vir- ginia, ‘to our fatisfa@ion and ** confidence ta hear from your Ex- ay “* Suppofed to be Col, B—rré, 28g - «« Eellency, that his Majefty’s pres ‘* fent adminiftration, has at ng ** time entertained a defign of pro- ‘* pofing to parliament the Jaying ‘* any farther taxes upon America ‘* for the purpofes of raifing a re- **-venue, and we will not faffer our ‘* prefent hopes, arifing from the. ** pleafing profpeé& your Lordthip ‘** has fo kindly opened and dif- ‘* played to us, to be dathed by the ** bitter refle&ion that any future ‘** adminiftration will entertain a ‘* wifh to depart from the plan ** which affords the fincereft and ** moft permanent foundation of publick tranquility and happi- nefs : no, my Lord, we are fure our moft gracious Sovereign, un- der whatever changes may hap- pen in his confidential fervants; will remain immutable: in the ways of truth and juftice, and that he is incapable of decetving his faithful fubjeis ; and we efteem © your Lordthips information, not ** only as warranted but even fancs ** tified by the royal word.” Inan- {wer to this addrefs, fays his Lord- fhip, * Your kind and affedtionate ** addrefs heightens my prefent, and fills me with the mo@ delightful ** expectations of my fully anfwer- ing the purpofes of my royal mafter. May the Almighty fe- cure to me that moft defireatle objeét, by dire&ting your count cils-for the advantage and prof- perity of all his majefty’s ex- tenfive dominions, and may you continue a loyal, free and happy people, until time fhall be-no more !” It is faid, fir, that the children of this world are wifer in their gene- ration than taechildren of hight; and if we judge of his lordhhip from his fpeech upon this principle, [ think we muft certainly conclude, thac he is nota child of this world: it is fomewhat unfortunate, that the faine {peech furnifhes equal evidence th t heis not one of the children of light. The addrefs which in his lordfhip’s opinion is both kind and afeFionate, teems to have at leat . "as a n

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286 as much of the fubtilty of the fr pent, as the milkinefs of the dove : It exprefies hope and confidence in a manner that imples fear and diftruft : His Lordfhip, however, whether by his fimplicity or his prudence, has ta- ~~ Jeen it literally ; What prefent it was that this addrefs heightened, cannot eafily be gueficd, perhaps he might mean his appointments, a pre/ent from the Britifh Minifiry to Britifh Merit. But whatever fenfe might be couch- ed under this oraculer'cb/curity, with sefpect to that which theaddrefs height- ened, there can: be no doubt about what the addrefs filed, which is manifeftly, no éther than his Lorcfhip himfelf ; What ir filled him with, is alfo exprefied with great clearnefs, e- legance, and precifion ; it fled him with expeCtations of fudly aniwering the purpofes of his royal mafler, which muft, as he fays, be delightful ex- pectations. Devotion has unfortunate- ly been the common veil of pernicious defigns, and I am forry to fay, that his Lord fhip’s conclufion of this fpecch with an ejuculation, 2s a parfon does his fermon, puts me in mird of the wag in the play, who follows an ho- neft gentleman with ‘‘ God blefs and $ preferve your honour’s worhhip,” while he is flily picking his pocket. I hope his Excellency will forgive me, but I fhrewdly fufpe& that he had it in commiffion to make his American bretinren flaves, while he was thus de- youtly ‘praying that they might be for ever free. I hall not now enquire in- to the right of Great Britain to tax her Colonies, * all that is lawful is not £* expedient,” and, I believe the in- expediency of taxing our Colonies, e- ‘yen fuppofing it to be lawful, is now evident to every man in the kingdom. If by the fame folly and isfatuation which produced the mifchi f at firft, it is now rendered irremediable, the grievance is not certainly the lefs, but the greater. It would be cafy to thew that the tax upon America would have been inadequate to the purpofe for ‘which it was impofed, if every fhil- ling of it hod been levied ; and the ex- periment has coundant!y convinced ys Pil hametianes nn sh. fat.)

Debates in anewly-eftalifoed Society, that this nation has Joft, ftill lofes, and , muft continue. to lofe a much greater annua! fum than it would have amount- ed to by the non-exportation of goods that have already paid a duty for the purpofes of a revenue,’ to our Colonies in.America, which would .otherwife have been confomed there. The, benefit of thofe that ‘are go- verned is the ultimate end of ail go- vernment, and not any fuppofed dig- nity of the governing power. It is very eafy to difcover what meafures would now tend moft to the géneral advantage both of the Colonies and the Mother Country : And there cah be no doubt but ahat thefe meafures ought to be purfued, whatever morti- fication may enfue to the trufiecs of public power, who either weakly or wiekcilly have betrayed their charge, If the right, of taxation fhou!d be.wa- ved, not to fay given up, there is no reafonable pretence that the Co- lonies will fhake off their dependance ; They will, even in that caie, depend, at-leaft in their own eflimation, upon Britith government, as much as any Britith {ubjegét on this fide the water, and ali they.coptend for is, that this dependance fhall not be more, There can be no doubt, but that our Colo- nies think they do right in'thofe very particulars in which we affe& to think they do wrong ; they think they ar firuggling for that liberty which we enjoy, while we charge them with an attempt to fhake off the government to which.we fubmit. ‘The queition is in itfelf, doubtful s if that may be faid to be doubiful, about which fome of the wifelt and beit men in the king- dom, have formed oppofite opini- ons; the confequence of remitting the duties are well known, as well as the confequences of continuing them; and i leave every difinte- refted and difpafiionate man in the kingdom, to determine which is moft eligible. Our grievances, Sir, are indifputa- ble, they are known to all Europe ; and the eyes of all Europe are upon us this day’, expe<ting that they fhould not haye been p.ffed over in filence : They

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They have engaged their conver/atior, as well as our fcelings, and when this hour of expected redrefs is at lait ar- rived, how are we difappointed ! how are we mortified ! Inflead of being re- garded as perfons capable of redrefling publick grievances, or guardians of the liberties of our electors, we are on- ly.recommended to fupprefs an infec- ‘tion now raging among the horned castle, as if the members of this hon. Houfe poffefied only the qualification of Cow DoGors. How fhall we account for this ftrange proceeding ? Cannot we perceive that this is the echo of a venal adminiftra- tion, who are at once daring and fee- ble, and who: being practifed in cor- ruption, have fitted themfelves for the worft purpofes ; who haye been fo hackney’d in all that is wicked and. mean, that they have loft all fenfe both of virtue and‘honour, and are reduced to the laft alternative, an impudent perfeverance. Lord B—rr—n defended the cha- rater of Lord B—tt—t, and conclud- ed with faying, that he had not one e- nemy in America. There were other Speakers on this de- bate, whofe arguments were no lefs for- cible than thofe we have reported ; but as our readers thay think enough bas al- ready been faid on one debate, we foall endeaveur to do juftice to their merits on fome future occafion. The fpeakers re- preéfented on this occafion, were, MrRalph P--ne, Mr. D--w--#v-ll, Mr. B--k--d; Sir Edw, H--ke, Lord Cl--re, Mr. C-n- aw-y, Attor. Gen. De G--y, Lord Geo, S--k--le, Mr. F+-k--n, Mr. Sheriff T--waf--d, Mr. De G--y, Serj. Gl--n, Mr. O-/--w, Mr. » Mr. Hew -d, Mr. R-gby, Sir Geo. S-v--le, Mr. C-- av--y, Lord N---h, Mr. D--f--n, Mr. B--ré,and Mr. Edm. B--ke.---Mr. Geo. G--nv--le’s, and Mr. Sol. Gen. D--n- n--g's [peeches are omitted, becaufe imper- feily heard ; and Sir William M--d--b's, becaufe in the news papers. A Short, but full and -plain Account of the Lard’s Supper. The Inftitution explained. B.QYHRIST, at the end of the Pafchal Supper, took bread, gave thanks, {to God over it] brake it in pieces, and gave a piece to each of his diiciples, and fait, [in order to make his imcauing | Aplain Account of the Lord’s-Supper. fon from the fitnefs of things. 287 known, thefe words] “* Take, eat, this is my Body.” That is, the Sign or Memorial of my Body, which will foon be broken for your benefit. This do [after my death] in remembrance of me.” . And he took the Cup, and gave thanks [to God over it] and gave it to his difciples, faying, drink ye. all of it [of the wine in it] in semembrance of my blood, which will foon be fhed for your good,” ‘* This do, as often as yc diink of it [for this religious purpofe] in remembrance of me,” that is, of my death, till [ come again ia glory. From the inftitution St. Paul draws this obfervation : ' 6 For as often as -ye eat this bread, and drink this cup, ye do fhew the Lord’s death till hé come.” 2. The end of the Lord’s Supper is only ‘oze, namely, a religious remem+ brance of his death, which was. a tefti- mony to the truth of his doétrine, that he was the Mefiah, and at the fame time thowed an example of perfect fincerity, obedience to the will of God, and bene- volence to mankind. 3. The words in which ‘we thank God over the elements, do not convey any thing to the elements, nor the ele« ments to the receiver ; * and as we now know our Saviour’s meaning, there is no abfolute neceflity for faying any words ; but only for doing one thing, that another may be fignificd and re- membered. 4. The Apoftle infers from a religi- ous communion, or joint-partaking of one bread in honour of Chrift, that we Chriftians do in cfc& declare ourfelves to be one body, or fociety, difting&t from the reft of the world, and united in jove and charity, for the carrying on the good of the whole. For we being many are one bread, or loaf, and one body; for we are partakers of that one bread.” 5- This religious remembrance may be ufefuily extended to the new cove- nant as confirmed, er proved, by Chrilt’s blood, or death, and will Jead all con- fiderate perfons that accutom themfelves ‘to it, to qualify themfelves by a right conduét for eteinal happinefs. 6. The partaking of the Lord’s fup- per is a politive duty ; for it depends en- tirely on the revealed will of Chrit, and is not a moral duty difcoverabie by rea- How- ever, Chrif&t did not appoint this. ordi- nance without reafon, though without his duu Lockeée * Sec Hales of Eton, Hoad y,

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283 his appointment no reafon appeared to oblige us to obferve it. ' As this is a pofitivé duty, it is only a mean to an end: it is infénded to lead us to the practice of virtue, without which it can be of no manner of uf. 7. St.Paul tells the Corinthians, who behaved intemperately at the Lérd’s Supper, that he that performs this duty unworthily, or unfuitably to its end, is guilty of ibe body and blood of Chrift ; is guilty of abufing the memorials of them, and therefure liable to punith- ment. 8. Inordcr to prevent fuch abufe for the future, this is the Apoftle’s advice. «© Let a man examine himielf ; try and approve him{-lf te his own confcience, jo as to affure himfelf that he comes to the Lord’s fupper, with a difpofition fuitable to it, {a difpolitich to remem- ber Chrift-and his death religioufly] and hehave at it, fo fin fuch a manner] as is fuitable to its cnd, that is, religioufly remember Chrift and his death.» A fin- cere chriftian needs no length of time to do this, and is equally obliced to live a good life, whether he receives the Lord’s upper, or not. g. He that receives the Lord's Sup- per unfuitably to the end for which it was appointed, eatcth and drinketh damnation, that is, judgment, or tem- poral punifhment to himfelf, not dif- cerning the Lord's body; that is, not making a fufficient ditference between the bread, which is the memorial of his body, and acommon meal, even intem- perately taken. For which caufe many of the Corinthians were by the provi- dence of God, puniflied with weaknefs, ficknefs, and tempoial death. And thefe worldly puniihments, whether or- dinary or miraculous, were intended for their good, to amend them here, that they might not be condemned hereafter. 10 As to /upernatural graces, neither fcripture nor reafon give us the leaft reom to believe that any belong to this duty, and it is great fuperitition to ule this holy rite as a charm to infufe vintuc, fince it was intended only as amemento of a bleffing received, aud of our duty. 11 This hely rite is called the Lord's Supper, vecaule it was inftituted at the end of the Pafchal Supper, which was «commemorative of the facrifice of th: lamb, and was the Jatt fupper Chrift eat with his difciples befure his death. 12. The ill behaviour of the Corin- thians at the very partaking of the Lord's Supper, was probably occafioned by a precedingrentertainment, called a Love Obfervations on the Oxford Almanack. Feaft, at which by indulging their appe- _ tites too much, théy rendered themfelves unfit to partake inimediately afterwards of the Lord's Supper in a worthy man- ner ; for which reafon the Apoltle per- fuades them to lay by their Love Featt at their religious aflemblies; to eat and drink tor the common purpofes of life at théir own houfes; and not make the Lord’s Supper a part of a common meal. 13. The Lord's Supper is not a facri- fice; but a memorial of Chrift’s death, which is figratively called a {acrifice, be- caule it anfwered all the rational pur- poles of the Jewith facrifices. Neither 1s it a feal, i. ec. part of the Chriftian co- venant; tor it is only the blood, or deathy of Chriit, thatis called the /zai of theco- venant, and that tooin a figurative fenfe, becaufe his death was the ttrongeft proof he could give of his love to nfankind. Canterbury, Fuly t7, 17704 Mr UrsBan, I have been lately favuored by an in habitant of this city, with the fol- lowing account of an uncommon pro- duétion from a cat. In her litter of kittens there was one, to the fide of the. neck of which was annexed the whole form and head of a rat; the two fore legs were thofe of a cat, the hind ones thofe of arat ; the vertebrz of the back, for above an inch, entirely raw, and void of any covering of fkin. The rea- fon affigned for this produétion is, that a few days before her b@nging forth her young, ihe had a {mart rencounter with a rat of a very large fize, and, in toffing him over her back, he feized the cat on that part of the loin which appears to be void of kin. kam, &c. D. D. Canterbury, Fuly 7, 17708 Mr URBAN, T has been remarked, that for fome years palt, the beginning of the Dog Days in the Oxford Almanack, hath been placed confiderably earlier than in any of the other almanacks. It is not to be doubted but that the very ingeni- ous and learned profeffor, to whom, I have been informed, the regulation of that Almanack belongs, can give avery fatisfactory account of the reafons that induced him tomake the abovementioned alteration. Many of your readers will think themfelves obliged to him tor gra- tifying their curiofity in this particular, and to you for conveying to them this requcft of theirs through the channel of your next Magazine. Yours, &c. PuILOASTER

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oS | the USHAT oF WAR 136

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“eS _ including the > 4 MOREA <& and . ; RCHIPELAG.O ar ee a warm ee

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+ = ee aL —r ue > i ae) i 3 — = = = = le lr le = oc S Lodge Jp

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A Defeription of ibe Morea nd its ebief Cities Boe As a bloody War is now ragi mn the Ru fians and Turks in the Morea, @ brief defcription of that celebrated Country, with a Map of its coajls and the adjacent Iflands, muft, at this time, be futje&s of Curicfty, and therefore, are bére inferted. Ppue peninfiila of the Morea, (the’ anci nt Peloponnefus,) now invaded by the’ Ruffians, has on the northeaft, the iAhmus of Corinth, which jein it to” the main. land of Greece ; and, in its’ narroweft place, is net above four ur five miles over from one fea to the other. On the north it has the Gulph of Corintho, (famous in Hiftory for the vi&tory gain- ed there, OG, 2. 1571, by tlie Venerian fleet, commanded by Don John of Auf- tia, over the Turks; 30,000 Turks being-killed, and 20,000 Chriftian flives fet at Liberty ;) on the north-weft the Gulph of Patras; the: Arcadian fea on the icuth-wet ; the fea of Candia on the fourth the ABgean fea on the ealt; and the Gulph of: Engia ‘on the north-eaft. It lies between 36 and 39 degrees of north latircude. Its prefent name is de- rived from Moras, a’ Mulberry-tree, in Greek, Mopta, becaufe thofe trees grow naturally thete in great plenty. After many Revolutions it became fubjeé& to the ‘Emperor Mantel Comne- nus, about’the year 11503; who’ at his death, divided it among his feven fons. Thefe Princes were called. Delpotes, Demetrius and Thomas, the brothers of Conitantine Palxologus, were the laf of thefe Defpotes ; for, in their time, the Turki Suttan, Mahomet II. took the Morea, and expelled the Venetians that were there. The Turks keptit til! 1687, when the Venetians retook it, under Gen. Morofine, ¢wWhereby be obtained the ti- tle cf Pelopennefian, ) and it-was entire- ly refigned to them by the Treaty of Carlowitz: But, in 1775; the Turks a- gain made themfelvés: matters of the whole Morea, and have kept poficilion of it ever inca. Patras, that was befieged by the Ruffi- ans, and. taken, and which ‘has been fincg. retaken and deftroyed by the Turks, is. fityated on a hill, about a . mile from the fea, atythe foot of a high mountain, witha valey between, ten miles from the mouth of the Gulph of Lepanto, towards the fouth.. it de- rives its ¢ from one .Patreus, who enlarged the city, it having beet built. , Trip- yee eve hel eee the in this city fix mofques ; “aitd Whi ews fdar fyna ee Phe whole 4 (Gent. Mag. July 17790.) 2 between ‘The Tiirks number of inhabitants was fuppofed to _ be four ur five thoufand, Thre city Corinth, ow Corintho, or Coritho, is fiuated about two miles from the Gulph of Corintho, and fix from that of Engia, the firft of which isoften called the Gulph of Lépanto, “as ‘the otter is, called paronino, ‘They aré feparated’ from eachother by an ifthmus, about” five Englifh miles over, though by the, way of Corinth iy is fix, dnd has avillage near it, catied Hexamilla,’ from that very circumftance, The Anticnts. be- gan to cut a canal acrofs the ifthmus, in’ order to form. a communication between the two cas, but were prohibited by the Oracle to proceed... “The Lacedemoni-- ans, however, buiit:a wall, fiem one fhore to the: othery the foundctions of, which are yet to be {een in feveral’ places, which the Venetiaas repaired whole,the country was in their pofleffion, but now: it is deftroyed. ' . Fhe City Corinth is divided into.the Low and High Town, which laft is G.: tuated inornear acaftle of great extent, and. naturally ftrong, It flands ona rock, the height cf which is fo great, and the precipices fo fteep, thitenly one part oftinis acceflible, ~ x The gate next to the Lower Town is plated: with'iron, and the hioufes Rand thick within it, for Several of the Lower Towns-people ‘have houfes within: the Cale, where they fecure their beft ef- feéts, and to which they retire On-eVery new alatth,. ae Pe eats. ne by Turkith or Chriftian Rowers.’ The ic- cond gate has a tower oncachaide of it, and the wall is ftrong, and about two miles in circumference; thefe are.many houfes in it, but »moft.of them are in a ruinous condition. This wail inclofes the two principal points of the rock, on one of which ftands a tower, and, on the other, a fall mofqué, from whence there is amoft delighth arohee ;for on the right-there is a view of the Guiph of Engia, and all its little iflands; én the left the Gulphi of Lepanto, a8 far as Sa- lonia ;, and. to thé North*one may fee as far as Mount Parnaffus, Helicon, and the other famous Mountains, fo beautifully defortbed by the antient Poets ; an fhort it has a profped&t forty milesround. A-~ = teh,,years ago, the ramparts'were weak, and, the aslipey ane? ble, ‘but of late the ramparts hav e heen ftrengthened, and cannon has been feat from Marfeilles and ‘ yulon, and pro- - y ditpofed by Spanith and Frenth ineers, who, before t'e war, the - Finks had employed to forty the place.

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290. A Defcription of the Morea and its. chisf Cities, The plain of Corinth, towards Sicy-" on, ‘is watered by two rivulets, is weil cultivated, overfpread with olive-yards and vineyards, and with many little villages fcattered up and down. It a- houads with excellent oil, good wine, and fuch plenty of corn, that it fupplies the neighbouring countries, which are moré mountainous afd. lefs fruitful. From the Caftle to the Lower Town there is a fteep deéfcent, but that of the town itfelf is eafy and agreeable, and not above a mile from the fea. The buildings are not contiguous, there be- ing in fome places cight, ten, or twenty houfesin a clufter, with orchards, ga dens, and corn fields between the feve- ral hamlets, fo that the town feems to be mide up of a great‘number of diftin& villages. The largelt divilion of it is that where the market is kept, confifting of ninety or an hundred houfes, which is alfo adorned with two Mofques, and a fimall. church, dedicated to the Bleffed. Virgin, neat which the Arch-. biflrop refides. : oe The number of Turks and Chriftians in Corinth is pretty nigh equal, but they dre not reckoned to amount 10 above 6000; both in-the Town and in the Caftle. Under. the wails of the Caftle,. towards the Town, is a little chapel hewn out of a rock, and dedicated to Sr. Paul, by. -whofe miniftry the City was firtt bleffed with the Bgh: cfithe Gofpel, However, Chriftianity fecms to be at a very low ebb among the prefent Corin- thians, no people beibg more grofsly ignorant of the principles of their reli- gion,. which they are too’ frequently re- nouncing to embrace the Mahometan fuperftition, ; - ‘Corinth was, for a long time, one of the mot’ famous Citi's of all Greece j for being advantageoully fituated be- tween two feas, it carried on an exten- five commerce, which greatly contri- buied to its .weaith and: power, ‘info- much that. the Romans themfelves be- came jealous of its grandeur. The Corinthians even infulted the Roman Deputies, which induced the Conful Mimmius, after'a victory over the A- chaeans, to enter Corinth with his army; and give it up to be piundered by the Sol- diers,' All the men. who had not efcaped the night before, were put to the fword and the women and children were fold. After removing the ftatues, paintings, and rich moveables to Rome, he ordered the City to be fet on fire. ‘ It burnt fiercely for feveral days, till it was en- tirely reduced to athes: The walls were afterwards, by order of the Senate de- molifhed, and sazed to the very foun dation,. However, it was. rebuilt by” Julius Cyefar, and again ruined by Alaric, King of the Goths, The ether noble Cities of the Morea, fo fa- mous among the Anticnts, are in the fame- fituation ‘wich Corinth, ruinous, degenerate, and defirted; and yet the very ruins. of their témples and palaces are hiking and intrusive. The Caitles, called the Dardanelles, which defend the Strait that, leads from the Archipelago to Conftantinople, were built by, Mahomet IV. in 1659. The waters that pafs through this canal out of the Propontis, are.as rapid as if they flowed bencath a bridge, and when the hoith wind biows, no fhip can enter, but when it is fouth, there is. fearce any current at all; fo that the paflage may be forced without much canger, the Cafties being four miles afunder, The Turkihh artillery, however monftrous: it looks, will not much annoy the thips if they havea good wind, and goin a file. The port-holes of the cannon, be- longing to: thefe .Caftles, look like coach-houfe doors;. but, the cannon, which Tournefort fays are the Jargeft he ever faw, not being fet on carriages, cannot fire above once: And wha would dare to load them inthe prefence of thips of war, that would pour in fuche broadfides upon them, as would foon demolifh the walls of the Caftles, which aye not terrafled, and bury beneath their ruins beth guns and. Gunners ? The lateft advifes affuse us, the Ruffian. fiect have already paffed thefe famous caitles; but who. would have. believed, half a century ago, that chofe. fayages who now.cover tie ocezn wiih, their fhips of war, could in fo fhort a,time have rifen to fuch a height of grandeur? and who knows, but that the {ame people ina hike period of time, may ,copiend with the other masatime powers for the empire of the fea | Mr. Ursan, Father Harduin's paradoxical conccit about the writings of the antients, * has heén Jong known: in the literary world.’ In the preface'to his piece; De Numi: Herodiadum, Par. 1692, 4to, he>condemns as fpurious all the Greek writers, 21d aj] the Roman’ ones except Cicero, Pliny, Virgil’s' Geotgics, and Herace’s Satires and Epifties.«’ In his Prolegomena + to a larger work intitled Cenfura “®. See-vol. iz, p. 2400, - + Thefe prolegomena faved: from ‘the wreck of Jefuitifm, in which the large: “

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‘Odfervations on Father Harduin’s Hypothehs. ‘Bor Cenfura Scriptorum Veterum, he fub- ftitutes Plautus for Cicero, adds Virgil's Eclogues, and admits the Iliad and Odyfey, and Herodotus’s Biftory. It is from this laft piece we learn the father’s objeciin broaching this range opinion : —to eftablif popery on the .ru‘ns of univerfal learning, and reduce mankind to an implicit fubmiffion to the church of Rome and the holy father: —A bold ftroke this, and woxthy the foticty of which its author w:s a member; who feem to have been’ permitted to fubfilt only till they had rendered themfelves ripe for deftruftioa, by their avow'd at- tempts to fubyert the foundation of mo- rality and truth. , Father Harduin fuppofes all hiftory, philofophy, fcience, and even divinity, before the middle of the X1Vth Century, forged in the Abbies of Gerimany, France and Italy, by a fet of Monks; who availed themfelves of the taking of* Confantinople by. the French in 1203,- its recovery by the Greeks 1261, and the expedition of St. Louis to the Holy Land, to' make .the wofld believe the writings of the Greeks and Romans were then firt difcoveied, and brought into the weft: whereas they had been com- piling them in their cells, ‘and buryin them in their libraries ¢ for their fuc- ceflors to draw forth.to light, and carr on the fraud for near two centuries, till the fortunate invention of printing gave free circulation to inquiry after truth.— What amazing learning muft have cen- tered in thefe men, that could produce in the compafs of 300 years, fyitems of hilofophy, bodies of hiftory, codes of jurifprudence, which have been the groundwork of al! fucceeding improve- ments; and whtich we have always pre- fumed the wit and wifdom of men em- ployed ever fince the creation to pro- duce ! : . But how much more amazing is the end which the good father fuppofes this cabal, this ivpia Factio, impius Cotus, as he calls them, -propofed in all this forgery.———T he propagation and eéfta. blithment of ATHEISM, in oppofition is fuppofed tu have perithed. were publithed by Mr. Vaiffant. 1766, in 8vo. with a fen- fible introdu@ion by Mr. Wi-liam Bowyer. ‘The original MS, is lodged in the Britith Mufeum. + Father Harduin fticks not to affirm there were no libraries before the X1 Vth Century, becaufe there were no books till thefe forgers atofe to make them. As the Jews shad, 90 books but the bible, fo neither. had the Chriftians betore this period, ‘p. 184, to the true knowledge taught by_ the Catholie Church and her mott infallible head: to whom all authorities, not of Greece and Rome only, but the very fathers of the chriftian ch-rch themfe!ves’ mult bow. The manus expurgatoria of Father Harduin brands as tpurious ail thefe, to the mellifluous Door St. Bernard of Clairvaux, inclufive.” De- . erees of councils, bulls of Popes, the beit founded claims of the Roinan fee, mutt yield to this new fyftem, which al- lows none to be genuine, that cannot produce good evidence of their being made within thefe ‘three laft centuties, The papal authoriity muft needs be at a low ebb, when its friends confefs its frauds for full 500 years.—That ‘wri- tings eftablithing claims on the con- fciences or property .of mankind may be forgeries, feems much more credible, than that a learned jefuit fhould advance fuch impsachments on the honefty and judgment of St. Peter's fucceffors. That the antient hiftorians, tors, and philofophers fhould be forged to fupport atheilm, or even to eftablith natural religion, or the chriftianity of the reformation (which in ‘this pious ‘catho- lic’s opinion, are both but difereutnimes for atheifm) is juft as plaufible, as that the latinity of all thefe counterfeit wiiter's’ is the fame; and alike different’’froin that of Pliny and the ‘elder writers, For if we admit his lit of genuine writers, where fhall we find another profe wiiter, befides his favourite na- turalift, who himfelf has’ not efcaped the charge of athei/m from his admirer and editor f. But though the pofition advanced by father Harduin wants no confutation, it may not be amifs to take notice what arguments he employs to eftabiith it.— All the writings of the fathers and ec- clefiaflical hiftorians are condemned in the lunip, becaute the obvious’ fiction and fpurioufnels of fome detached pieces have been expofed, and a few'ill au~ thenticated atts of councils: have been obtruded on the public.—The oldé& compolitions of what are called clafical hiftorians, are difcredited on account of the mutual agreement with one another, and their general difagreement with an- tient coins, whofe genuinefs has never been controverted. In the firft inftance, they are artfully compared with modern monkith chronicles ;. in the fecond, they are affumed to have taken nothing but the names of perfons from coins, and $ See the end of his preface to Pliny. ets, ord= — f s E ee

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, ap8 not a fingle faé& ;. it being demonftrable that'every fac related in hittory comi- - tradi€ts the reprefentation on |] coins.-- And fo it may well, if, we admit the . reverend.F ather's method of interpreting .coins !|—-When the groundwork of hif- tory was invented, fables, poems, and dramatic compofitions followed to fet it ‘off, and circulate it.—Omstes autem eo concorditer-[peant, ut adftruant adi- Clyley uthilominus gram libri qui vo- cantur dogmatici *. Next . to coins, Pliny is the great fountain of intelli- gence to thefe miferable forgers. Of all the auihors quoted by him, none but the few before-néntioned are fuppofed to have come down to us. Of all the _reft, the Monks had ouly the bare names to work upon ; and even theft few have been rival’d by the Moderns :—Virgil by Mambrune, Horace by Sarbief, and Seneca the tragedian by Malapert +. The Latin pieces were forged before the Greek. }, becaufe she earlier Latin “waiters cite but few Greek ones. This -obfervation here applied to ecclefiaftical writers, is equally levelled at the Claf- fics: for the Fathers were the firft books thefe rafcals begun with: the framing .of the. others followed as the amufement of leifure hours, after the great point, the eftabiifhment of athei/m and berefy was obtained. ‘ In thus decrying the wifdom of. the _Antients, how melancholy a conformity .do. we obferve between the aim of thie Sefuits and, the Methodi/ts, with this only difference, that the latter, lefs -barefaced than the others, content them- felves with afferting it ufele/s, and do not attempt to prove it forged. en *.* In anfwer to this correfpondent’s with, a life of Bithop Secker has al- xéady been inferted, fee vol. xxxix. which feems to preclude an abridgment of that prefixed to his Sermons. || L cannot conceal fram the reader two “vary, curious. inftances: The coin of Gal- Jienus, with JyNONT. CONSERVATRICt AvGvyst1 or AvGusT.a, and a ftag, im- plied a jocular with, thac that goddefs would ‘prevent the Emperor from betmg cuckolded, and his wife from intend:ng him that honour, “Plit: Vol. JT. 481. "Another of Commodus, Jovi tvvenr, with the afual figure of Ju- ‘piter.“and: not: a ferpént: near‘him,. means VOI, Vitali “Li V detadioe Niperarum Ejfu ‘Natriend Imperatorems: 1. 373+ - . * Proleg.. p. £70. ; “te 4 [bid p. 180, i -Ibid p.. 187. > “ufed it many “one view before your readers. ‘own brain. The Samenefs of the Welch. Language proved Mr.. Ursan, =n A N anonymous correfpondent (whofe fignature'is F. L.) is pleafed in your Magazine for May, p. 210." to renew an affair, after two years filence, which would have been more for his‘credit to have buried in oblivion, in order to have a fling at me, and make me appear as abfurd as himfelf. He fays, that ** R. W. treated his remark as an ab- ** furdity, becaufe there was but one *© tranflation of the bible in Welfh,” &c. If Mr. F. L. inftead of his et cetera, liad been fo candid as to add my affertion, that this one tranflation is ufed and well underftood by the inhabitants of N. and S. Wales, it would have thewn the abfurdity of his former affer- tion; for “ que conveniunt uni tertio, conveniunt inter fe.” In my remarks on F. L’s letter [fee Magazine for July 1768.] I thought [ had conyinced every impartial and competent judge, from matter of fact, thar Baretti’s chimeras, and F.'L’s ‘miftakes built on his affer- tions, had no real fcundation; fe that I took no notice of the reply of the latter, leaving it to the publi¢ to:decide the difpute between us. Indeed, I am not fond of controverfy, nor do'I pre- ‘tend to be a critic inthe Welch language, though my native tongue, having dif- years 5 *howevet,'as [ am called upon a fecond time, [ ‘will take _the Ijberty to point out F. L's miftakes from the beginning, and place them in 1. He has aflerted, after Baretti, that ~ there »* is a fmall nation to the North of 77- ** cenza, whofe language, laws, and ** manners have nothing in common ** either with modern italy or Ger. ** many.” . This nation, it” is- well known, exifts no where but in. Baretti's 2. ** That the oid Pio- ** vengal language-is now nd more un- ** deritood by . the modern inhabitants *¢ of Provence: this I have fhewn to be contrary. to matter of faét, though » ‘F. L. feems ‘unwilling to believe it. 3. He propofés that 2 Britons a Highlander, or a Welchman would be a porper perfon — ‘to make an enquiry concerning the Jan- “guage of that Utopian nation; frém’ which one would conclude that.all three fpoke,one common language, or at leaft underfood one another ; but. this, is far from being thé ‘cafe, as any one may be ‘convinced by making the experiment, or by cafting: his eye on the:commendatory veries prefixed: to’ Lbwyd's Archeologia ‘Britannica, notwith{tanding:Richards’s ‘Digtionaiy, which feems to ve~F. L's oracle,

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7 Curious Difcovery far the. prefervation of plumage. 293 ‘oracle *. 4. He afferts that « the dia- *€ Je&ls of the modern N. aud-S. Wales *¢ are fo veny diferent ip words and «© phrafes, ‘that many pérfons who nn- «© derftand “the- one areignorant of the ‘© othér!” This is daily confuted by matter of fa&, as any meéniber of Jefus’ College; Oxford, cah: inform ‘him; not to mentibn the tranflation of the bible, ‘which isequally unverftood in N. and $. Wales, though there ‘are* many ob- folete words in it, whieh few perfons un- derftand in either the one or'the other. 5. In his anfwer-to my temarks [ Mag. - Auguft 1768.) Mt. F. L.-gives a fpe- ¢imen of Welch words, which he fays Rave a very different fignification in the two dialects; but unluckily, molt if nét all the ‘words he -inferts, at the foot of the page, have precifely the fime figni- “fication in the northern,’ as he has given them .in the fouthern dialeéi, notwith- ftanding the pretended contraft between them, ¢. g. gwand always fignifies feorn or derifion tn North W:»-s, but never praife, unlefs it be fuch praife as fome ‘critics deferve for their wonderful dif- -coveries. Mae ef in S. Wales be is; in N. Wales precitely the faine,. and not “aobere is be? &e. ~ Mr Evans's colleétion I -have. not feen ; but can afftre F. L. that I un- derftand Faliefia’s language better than I'do ‘Welch Poets of 4 much later daté, though he is fuppofed to have written ‘the S. Wales diale&t. ‘To give one’ in- ‘ftance in thé following memorable ftanza, where I ‘find but one obfolete “word, viz. N&r, the reft being intel- ‘ligible to any Welch-man. £u Ner a folant, ; Ex biaith a gadwant, Eu tir a gollant, ond gwyllt Waliia. * 3... Uf; laudabunt Dominum reg- nantem, Ufq ; fervabunt idioma lingux, Arvaq; amittent fuacuntta; preter Wallica rura. * ; The learned Dr. Fobx Davies, (from whofe works I have’ quotéd the above) who ftudied the Welch langwage for 30 ‘years, and occafionally refded in the N. 5. and middle region of Wales, de- clares the language to be one and the <a

* That fome Irifh words, agree with the . Welch, is.no proof that the languages are the fame at eh Sg whatevét they may-have “been, ary more than that the Perfian and Germaa languages are the fame for & fimilar resins i ° : 3 4 fame in évery part-+ of the principality ; and the inftances® fie gives of th) yaria- tion of tie diales! is £6 tncorSderabie, that no language, ancient or nodern, . be moré uniform thin the Beitiih: fhall fet down his own? word: be} which I laok upon as 4 foilicie: firmation of what E have addvesced on this fubjeét, “efpecially as F fiud it veri- fied by- experience. Iam, &e. July ‘ro,, not R. W. but. 1770. RicHaRD Wynne. Mr. Urzan. SHE arvor of fome, and the indefa- tigable att: ntion of many. others of Tate, to various branches of Natura! Hit» tory muft afford no timall degree of piea- fure to the fenfible part of mankind. Whiift fuch different refearches have given entertainment to different difpofi- tions, enlarged the mind, and engaged and diverted it from unprofitable or dan- gerous purfuits, they have occafionally opened the way to the molt ufeful im- provements in every department of life, and afforded means of joining clegance with utility. ee, : Whilft 1 view the Naturalift in this _confpicuous character, I cannet but la- ment the want of amore general know- ledge of a good antifcepti¢ for animal fubitances. Owing to this ignorance it is, thatmany curious animals, and birds particularly, come to-our hands in a ve- ry imperfect ftate, and many others from foreign parts entirely mifcurry. I have feen in different cabmets in Europe the -Temains of elegant plumage fall viétims to infects: fome have received injury - from another fource, the wrong treat- ment when firft colleé&ted.’. 3 This has induced me to enquire more minutely after a proper antifceptic'fub- ftance for the prefervation of {mall ani- mals, &c. I have taken fome pains to Jeatn from M. Daubenton himfelf, keep- er of the royal cabinet at Paris, all pof- fible information. _ I havéexamined the late ingenious Mr, Leman’s preparati- ons, and made frequent enquiry for the fame porpofe among my acquaintance,

4 Addo infupier, quod nec in piures per tot Jfeeula, fed una femper manet, ferlecet Lingua _Britannica—Italice [lingua] m Genevenjem, Longobardicam, Hetrufcam, Romanam, Caia~ brienfem, Siculum, &c. diftrabitur ; Britannz, pop tot annoruis curricula, gent:fque clades, una Jemper mane. ‘a we | | | i | i

ee =

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294 and I confefs I do not know any thing more effectual than the following : ‘ Black Pepper, Ginger ; each oneoz. Camphire, Cloves, each half an oz. AJlum,. one drachm, Nitre, Common Salt, each half a drachm. Powder thefe and mix them. The inteftines of the 2nimals.are to be. drawn, and the abdomen is to be fiil- éd with this antiiteptic mixture; ora ‘layer of it, and 2 thin layer of tow, al- ternately, and: then-let the incifion of the abdomen be fowed up carefully.. A lictle of the feafoning might alfo be thrult down the throat with a quill or feewer. In a few days the fabje& thould be pia- ¢ed in 'the pofition we defizn it to conti- nue in, ‘by the affittance of a’wooden ‘Irame or box, or in Jarge fubje&s, by means of wire catried ‘thro’ different parts of them, according to the intend- ed pofitions, In about’ a month or fix “weeks they acquire a rigidity, and will after that tpace remain fo. : Something firbilar to this T have tried a few years ago,-and found it to with- ftand even the infeéts of the W eft Indies ; they are there very rapacious, but they feem to bear great antipariiy to a prepa- ration of thete aromatics with camphire -and the ntutral falts. I have, however, freeiy submitted the foregoing obfervations to the trial and judgment of the curious Nituralift, and tho’ I thould be happy in’ being the means. of any vufeful information, I fhould find no lefs plea‘ure in adopting 2m improvement upon this plan, and ene mure likely to anfwer the purpofés for which I have written the above. London, June Iam, &c. 29, 1770 HUMANUS, Mr. UrBan, OUR correfpondent, who figns Y himéelf Not the Editor of the Hue- tlana, feems to fneer.at my calling the fleeping’ of the Swedifh fwallows under water, a miracle.of nature; but when he fees the reafons laid.down in my Jaft, and thofe I have here advanced, he per- haps, may be of my opinion. © I thank him for referring me to Derham’s Piy- ficos Theology ;:for tho’ with pleafure I had ‘read , that ingenious author, yet, being fome years fince, the paflages pointed to-had flipt my memory. The teftimonies there produeed are fafEcient indeed,: to’ convince any man, a to conviction, of .the truth of - the 3 efpecially that of DoStor Colas, ’ ‘Lranfmigration neceffary, Litchfield-Clofe, ’ re 5 who was, (as he himfelf relates) an eye witnefs of fwallows being fo found in the lakes of the North ; but neither Der- ham, nor any of his authors account for the phoenomenon. Nature carries on her proceffes by firange and various ways 5 and fome fhe has, into which the fearch- ing eye. of cutiofity pries in vain. In the fummer,. when thefe Swallows, which forthe paft winter have lain bu- ried in. the waters, are vigorous, and fporting at large, was one of them to be caught, plunged into, and fuffered to rensain in the water but for an hour, -it would, I fuppofe, be beyond the power of art to recal.its life: Is it not a mira- cle then, that life either continues in, or returns-to them, after lying four or five months therein ? Refpiration 1s experienced to be effen- - tially neceffary to life; freth air is the primary caufe of, and the lungs the me- chanical apparatus which perform thot work : Nowe if thefe Swallows, during their dormitory, or rather defun&tive fate; do not at all refpire, and that the lungs totaliy:ceafe their aétion; then.it follows, that, nothing but the metemp- fychofis of Pythagoras,’ can account tar their reviving, In which cafe, ‘their * fouls, after: thus having depofited their bodies in the floods, tranfmigrate into thofe of other creatures; and as they are fond of warmth, I make no doubt but that during the winter months they take up their habitations in the bodies of la- dies favourite cats, lap dogs, monkies, parrots, and finging-birds; and per- haps, in the ladies themfelves, (for it is obiervable that they are more garrulous in the winter than ‘ummer) ‘where they lie fecure from the cold tiil the next dawn of. fummer, when they again re- fume their drowned bodies, and {port-a- new in the airy fields. Thus their lit- tie fluttering fouls delight to, change their {cenes of pleafure, like that of Py- thagoras, who declared, that in all his tranfmigtations, he never remembered to have more pleafingly enjoyed him(elf, than when he animated the carcafe of a frog, and that of one of his difciples an humble-bee.; and I am fure that the foul of man is never more innocent than when it animates 4 tadpole. If the Swaliows do refpire in the aforementi- oned inaétive ftate, your correfpondent will do well’ to fiew us in what man- ner they orm and preferve it ; by which he will grestly oblige his, and Sir, Your's, &e. W. JACKSON, My, July 11, 1770.

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An Affertion contrary to the Theory in Ganiery. Mr, Urpan, mp? Waris aficsted. by) the -Park-Keepers here, and fpoken with {ome con- fidence, that.if a Buck be fhot at and killed; atthe’ diftance of thirty yards, the bal} will not pafs through his body, but be lodged in the tkin on the oppofite fide; that, if he is killed at the dittance of fixty or eighty, yards, the ball will not. only, pafs through both fkins, but kill another Deer, or two, that. may happen to. ftand in the proper direétion, This, now, is.contrary to all our receiv- ed notions; for tho’ the Poet fays of Fame, Vire/que acquirit eundo, the cafe is not fo in regard of the bullet, . For, according.to common ap- prehenfion; the momentum of a ball is greateft at its leaving the muzzle of the piece, and in its progreffive curvilinear motion to the point blank, is con- tinually diminifhing, by. the refiftance of the atmofphere.; and at laft, from the fame caufe, falls to the ground, at what is called its random, ‘This.is the theory, in fhort, of this operation, the difcharge of a.bullet from agun. And indeed, if it were not fo, and that the refiftance of the medium did not unre- mittingly impede it, the ball would go on in infinitum. ‘This, tho’, is very in- confiftent with the aflertion of our Park- keepers, as ftated above; and yet there is no difputing againit facts. _Where- fore, Mr. Urban, 1 beg leave to propofe the two. fellowing qu¢itions to your correfpondents. - Fisft, one would be glad to know, whether. the above is really fact ; whe- ther Park-keepers, that is in other parts of England, have made the {ame obier- vation ? : Secondly, Suppofing the fat to be real, how is this wonderful phcenomenon to be accounted for, and refolved, upon the principles.of the art of gunnery ? Thefe two queftions fhould be. an- fwered by different perfons : The firt isa faét, which fhould be inconteftably eftablifhed,’ betore the folution of it is attempted: And ‘as the feafon oi kill- ing Bucks is juft commencing, Keepers, it is to be hoped, wiil be fo obliging as to attend to it, and give us the fatistac-: tion required, _ The fecond depends up- on fcience ; and forne gentleman of the Artillery, expert in the tlieory of his art,, will, not deny us his, affiftance, we hope, in the refolution of this pro- blem ; efpecially, as it appears to be of. importance, ‘and to affect the prefent common notions and principles of the 295 art of gunnery, and may be prodictive,: perhaps, in its’ confequences, of foms improvements in it; at leat, im redtity- ing our vulgar errorsand miftakes, in a now foufetul art, Il am; &c, T. ROW. Obfervations. fubmitted to his Lordpip the Bifbop of Winchefter. My Lorn, H4 D the Founder of Magdalen- college confidered the - fluctuating: ftate, of coin, and conféquently of a forts of provifions, he fearce would have drawn the difqualifying line according to the nominal value of monéy, but would more probably have etftablifed his difqualifications, according to the price of corn for the time:being, as was afterwards done by that molt excellent Statute-of the 18th of Elizabeth, which Statute alone has preferved all Colleges from ftarying. As the difqualifying claufe feems to be fo tightly tied down to the nominal value of money, it. is very equitable to take the value of the Beneficium Ecclefiafticum,. which is to vacate a Fellowthip, from the old Liber Velorum ; but how this can .be-recon- ciled to the Verus Valer Anzuus, is quite inconceivable to a man whois only en- dowed with plain cammon fenfe. ‘Let us therefore confider, whether it be pof fible to reconcile the Founder’s intention with the Veram, Liieralem, & Gram- maticalen Confiruicnem of the Statute,: now times and things are f9 vaftly al- tered, - According 10° Mastin Folkes’s tables, the weight of money, temp. Hen, VI. was to the value of money, temp. Geor. II. as is 1 to 1.55, there. fore the centum folid, vemp. Hen. VI. was equal in weight: to 7]. -rss. temp. Geor. II, and the 20 marks, temp. Hen, VI, was equal to, 2ol.. 298 4d. temp. Geor, II. this is fecundim verar conftrudtionem; but fecundim literaleni confiru@ionem 20 marks are‘no more than 131. 6s..8ds,° But the difference’ of the valueof provifions is much grehter, and it feems to have heen the intention of the Founder to maintain his Fellows witha decent fubfiftence, and to difmifs them when they fhould have acquired a maderate competency of their own. Temp. ‘Hen. VI. wheat did not fell at fo much .as 5s. per’ quarter. upon an average of their money ; but temp. Geor. III. wheat fells at gos. per quarter tip- on the average ;. {0 that twenty marks of their money, temp.’ Hen. Viv would purchafe fifty-three quarters two bubhels & and

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. 296 Obfervations néfpeding the Fellowpbips.of Magdalen College: and a half of wheat, and a little more. But vit wiil- require a06l. 49s. 2d 4. of our money, temp. Geor, HI. to purchafé he fame quantity of wheat ; therefore,; aceording.to the intention of the founder, 106]. 13s. 2d. }. bona fides is the value of a living which frouid: vacate @ Fellowlhip; atid? were his ftatutes to be confidered in this.light, every perfor who is, or. ever was a Member of fis College, would haye a decent {ubfiftence, and -the . fucceffion would be much more regular and quick, and thereby a good and reafonable in- tention of the Founder wou!d. be an- fwered, which certainly was, to bring up a sumber of fic and able men to ferve their country in Church and State.- It is very plain the Founder ‘never de-. figned to fupport his Fellows in ‘Mo- naftick idleneis, by the tums fixed for vacating theit -Feilowhhips; for ass]. of their money wou!d purchase the fame quantity. of provifions, &c. as qol.- of ours, he could not look upon thie 2s -a fufizient maintenance for aa idje’man,’ who hai had a.Jiberal education, but -as a comfortable addition to a perfon who had jome other employment, which re- quired men. of education to fupplyv Hence I think it is plain, that the in-, tention of the very worthy Founder ef Magdalen College, was, to conduét his Fellows through a regular courfe of education in his College, to a comfort- able fubfifence, and no more, and ther to leave them to make their way in the world. . Thefe obfervations upon a very important. fabject, are with: great de- ference'humbly fubmitted to your lord- fhip’s confideration. Remarks on. feveral Paffages in Lord Bolingbroke's Works, particularly bis Notion of a God. Gontinued from Page 153. — ohh 2's ORD Bolingbroke maintains, that ** juftice and. fs are of a «* guite differentkind and nature in God *¢ than in man; and that it would be ‘* rath and prefumptuous to infer from «* bis moral attributes how he will a& “ in any given circumftance.”” «This is no new doétrine. The fame notion was advanced in a fermon preached at Chrift’s Church, Dublin,. May ¥5, 3709, before the Earl of Wharton, then Lord Lieutenant of Iveland, and the lhith Houfe of Lords, by Dr. King, Archbifhop of Dublin.; He -was driven to this wretched expedient by an attempt . to recongile divine, prefcience and -pre- deftination with the freedom of man’s will; a point which always has, and always will ‘puzzle the wiktt’ heads. It thould “therefore ‘be dropped, ‘or at’ leaf never brought inty the pulpit. But even this)#.difficulty: is but a’'a thread’ of tow inthe-haads of that mighty Samp- fon, that: all penetrating genius, Tord’ Bolingbroke, quantum eff Japere!’ Tie fermon is calfed, divine Predeftinatiaa aud fore-knowledge confifent with the Sreedom of wimts wiil. Brat’: confider- ing the tencr-of' the argumetit- contain - ed in it, tt ought rather to-have‘been en- titled, The Divine Fore-knowiledge ina - properSenfé, incon/fiftent with the freedom of Man's Will. Wt is to be prefumed, that the Archbishop did net fee the ab- furd and dangerous confequences that mut néceffarii y refult from ‘his hypothe- fis ; but charity hereif cannot make this conceffion in favoyr of Lord Boling- broke. The A.chbifhop’ maintained, that “ wifdom, as in us, is ds different’ from what we call {oin God, alight is’ from motion.” «Again, “ there is a9 great a difference between wildom, juf-’ tice, and goodnefs, when attributéd- to God, and as they are in us, as between weighing in a balante and thinking; in truth , sfinitely- greater.”” Nay*he fays,' “* the bet reprefeatations we'can make of God, are infinitely’ thort .of truth.”” And laftly, that ‘* judice and virtue are not to be under ftood to fignify the fame: thing, wie applied to God and té men.” poitvh . If Lerd. Bolingbroke was *confiftert with himfelf, he muft fubfcribe't> Whar the Archbilhop fays of the ‘wiilom of God, yo Jefs than to what he‘afferts of kis juftice and gooduels. : st It is allowed that the Scripture fpeaks analogicaily when it afcribes parts and pailions to-Ged, ‘but it has Ween gene- rally fuppofed, that, when’ it gives hint fuch moral attributes, as wiféem; juttice, and goodnefa, it was with defign that we fhould take them to be really 'in God as they are in us, and‘of the faine kind, only that be has thtm in the higheft de~ gree paffible. — rae - Onur conceptions indeed of thefe attri - butes do not reach the full extent of them as they.are in God; but yet fo far as our conceptions go, they ¢ with the juftice, wifdom, and nets of God. ile Age Lord Bolingbroke politely calls -Dr. Clarke * a prfumpouos matich*;* and, in another: place, ‘he ftyles him a7 audacious and vain fophift :: Bat forely there never was a charge of -this natiife brought againft any-eontroverfial writer dy ; * Vol, v. p. 525. with — a

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“oN oR) - 4 ; te th) te as Meg aA N i \9 . ; net a ; 5 \? “i ‘- . . s Obfervations relpebting the Fellow ips of Ming dalen College.’ 297°. crimes) and even. of apottacy,! thei pats!) , thes. exercifed-no other: p! awer:than ad ac of (eparating fudtinn as fromche:coms >.” with lefs foundation. of truth and rea, for.’ De. Clarkei writes ikea gentle-. mah-and'a icholarjand' always tréats his adverfary' ‘with decency ‘and decorum, His wards and addrefs are no lefs. foft and winiuing‘than “his ‘reafoning ‘ftrong and conelufivé; > And he never conceals, the! ftrength“ of ‘dn “argument which he’ oppofes. “All candid readers will-do him, the puftice to own this. ° But it appears. * from this ealumny (for fich it really is), how little. we ‘are ‘acquainted ‘ with our-; felves, and how blindto our own fajl- ings + Sirtce fome of Lori Bolingbroke’s friehds frankly own that nobody can be, more pereniptory, or a greater dogma: tit thanhe. wap ew ie ur “+ Yout Pepe (fays Lord Bolingbroke’ to his friend) preténds*to make ,univer- ; fal and'infallible’eérees in. matters , of religion's ‘our DeMor, infallible demon- ftrations +! And both of them fend every’ one‘to'the devil, “who does not believe in them,: and in all cafes like them.” Vok v.ia'g28 ; The mvanj"'who, ‘haying re Clarke's works, “could” allow’ himfelf coolly: and’ deliberately to utter fuch 4- fentencée as’ this, might ‘fay any thing. Lord’ Bolingbroke. feenis to have been led inte it ‘by the. affeftation of a quaint” 4 antithefis. . After this,‘no‘credit can be — iven to hig int jon of any propo- tion advariced.,by Dr.-Clarke, without’ confulting. the, original. , . \ ; The truth of, the, cafe,is, Dr. Clarke: had, demonftrated, .that.\the principles’ - which Lord Bolingbroke efpoufed, ‘and . attempted.to vindicate, may be refolved | into,downright Atheifin... inc ar chryma, ,T his. was.a crime neverto be™ Sain him, i probably the chief, round of. the outrageous treatment ‘he fas reerived from, Lord Bolingbroke. Lord. Bolingbroke. gives ‘us. the: fold lowing jut, accaunt of ‘the doftrine’ tau es The goipe of Chrift is one continued leffon.o of benevolence, and of univerfal chari-+ ty : he, could ,have .called for fire down rom heaven, or for an army of deftroy- ing angels, to terrify.thofe who-did not - ieve, er, to exterminate: fach \as fell from the faith, , But he breathed quite a r fpirit sand) his. iniro&ions:to his Apofties went. ne: farther than to preach, to ,exho:t,;to:reprove; andy ‘where they..could, mot prevail to have duft of their feet, P *€ In cafes of. the moft .enormous (Geai. Mag. July 1779.) 3 their doctrine received, to thake off the « the lames they -cured: raife veven § miraces, likswile.' » But. t réad . Dr. | t by Jefus Chrift in the Gofpels the frigteft morality; of juftice, ‘ * nk oi » 4 SAL My UVQIIIGG mution, :of .the: fai * fuk, 1-They:healed’ the: blind’. and. f fed. the .dé¢ady to ip'owe their? mifhion, “, Mofes proved oe ae by . “miracles... wrought by them, in’the qnild.and, be»:>° neficent fpirit of Chriftianity, tended) ta. the good of mankind, whereas the mie” 3 racles he wrought, jin the,Gerce and cru= ©’ el fpirit of judaifim,. tentled to the déf- truction of. mankind,” . Yalu p» 187. But how hall we reconcile Lord: Bow! lingbroke’s profelled belief of this excél-u: : lent: doéttine,; with his emplidying “his’. extraordinary talents in weakenmg ‘our - obligation fo obey it! And:this hevhag ° Praca, Praagag by labéuring:to-prove, that we have,no fufficient exiidence tocon- vince ué of a)futare faté of retribution, |: m tuulted to: judge tor him- As to this. article, let; compare what that §* earned lui Lord Bolingbroke ; ftyles enatéd, \ ay be fafely felf on which fide the weight of'evidence. ° inclines, : ...; * Though his Lorditip has daughed/at fome of Mr, Wollaften'’marguments, he : * has not.attempted to.anfwer them, The arguments ftill remain in their full force, ~ and ‘truth and sedfon will not’ be biow- beat, nor laughed out af:couritenance. This Proteus-author gives, in another’: place, a very different account: of ithe precepts: delivered. by Cheift to. bis Dif. ciples from the Mount : *: Confidered * ' as general. duties,: (fays he), they are | ’ impraticable, - inconhftent: with’ natu- ral inftin&, as well: as: law, and quite deftructive of:fociety.”” . ‘ Lord Bolingbroke's favourite: whim, wiz. the chimerical alliance between A-' theifts and Divines. (witli which’ we are ‘furféited in almott.every page) isohe'ofr °° ‘the idleft romances that ever iffued from & fanciful. brainy. For aclear- refutation’! °’ “of his Lordfhip’s plea’ for this pretended » confederacy, and a coricife difeuffion oft’ * this whole matter,’ thé readér isreferted 0 to bifhop Warburtonils «ew, &¢e. (b= 5 foresmentigned) p; 24°73 And from P+ 195,007.43. the: learned author’h proved.in. the ftrengeft mantter, taat wii / * wee of; the. Great’ Creator exhjbt' rs ° us ideas'of his juitice and: goddaels, no = defs tlear and precife than of his wifdein and power. A free

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After he has untavelled and detetted. the fophi(ms of this affuming author, he enlivens his fubjeé&t, and jullly employs his bappy talent of ridicule, in expofing the petu'ance of a man, ‘who, vaunting in his: own fuperior knowledge, looks down with contempt onthe greateft phi- lo‘ophers and divines, inveighs againft all the clergy: without diftinétion, and fingles out fome of the brighteft: orna- ments of that refpeétable order as objed&s of his {pice and rancour. ‘Some worthy and ingenious perfons. . (who.were the. friends of Lord Boling- broke) fay, that they who'declare their: abha:rence of. his principles,” are no better «in. their lives and’ converfitions, - than thofe who efpoufe them. Aidlowing this to be true, it my Mill’ be right to. confute bis principles, to thew their abfurd confe quences and dan- gerous tendency. ‘It is to be feared that paffion.and ; vail among. the bulk of wankind, ¢ven! againft' convi€tjon ; but if’ men’ once cometo he wicked:upon piinciple, what hope reMains that they can ever be re- claimed 2 , ’ But.onthe other hand, though paffion may-for awhile getthe better of principte, there, is. an claitic yee in coni{cience which will.at length awaken the foul, and.reftore she native tone of virtue. Lord Bolingbroke employed the latter, partof his dife;in. labouring ‘to fubvert’ the principles. Of natural as well as re- vealed ieligion: He has left no other groynd..or. motive for bl Pe of virtue, than the ptofit or pleafure arifing from it,in. this:world ; which, as expe-. rienee fhews, are too feeble encourage- ments under fevere trials. Rewards.or unithmients,from the fupreme legiflator a another life, adapted m our beteviour in this, have no place in his. fyftem.: Wo one'can be fo blind as not to fee that diffolute manners,’ and the indulging of pion arid appetite, rnuft be the natural! eanfequence of fach li¢untious doétrine. ‘¢ will crayom out'a pifture in imi= «* tation of thdfe Cleanthes ufed to draw, «¢ when he difputed againtt the partizans «© of Odupty. Let all good chriftians, *¢ todenote their goodnels and the juftice «* of God; be fat.and jolly, like canons’ *¢ iff the Lutrin.) Let them be feated * ow thrones with diadems on their « hieads, fctptres in their hands, and ss ¢ robes of iheir houldefs: Let « the virtues; like fo many Cupids in *¢ Albano’s. pi » tun about the « Jandfeape, inthe fervice of their “ matters. Lesvpiettecs lead the wicked; 298 Report of Speeches in the Caufe of the K. againft Woodfall, agrees will generaliy pre-’ «« fike flaves;: with: retorted ‘arms. and ** downcaft eyes, sto their, footftools, ss Let temperance ferve pyramids of Or-~; ** tolans and brimmers of tokay on their *« tables, Let moderation, offer, and ws pre receive facks filled with gold) “¢ and filver, and bafkets. full of dia- * monds.and rubies. .In the mid& and ** front of the piece, let the great Lama ** of the Zaft be .placed on a higher *¢ throne than the reft, if it be fe1t to ** fome ‘Tartarean,temple ;. his younger ** brother of the WeA, if it be fent.to St. *€ Peter’s church at Rome :. His Grace. *¢ of Canterbury, or any, other Lord of. ** London, if it be fent to St.Paul’s; and. ** Luther, or Calvin, if it,,be.fent. to ‘© any other religious ae in thefe ** parts of the world.”’ Vol,.V. p.402.° REMARK. If Mr. Addifon's obfervation be juft, that “ all legitimate witmuft be found- *« ed on truth,” this picture, though drawn with gceat fpirit, will not bear to be éxamined by her piercing light : For the joys which the chriftian religion pro- mifes,.-are of a pure and refined nature, not fenfual ; and the is.no more refpon- fiblé tor the mifconduct .of fome.of- her «profeffors, whether clergy or laity, tham natural. religion is refponfible for the, life and converfation of Lord Boling- — broke. [ To. be continued.) *,* Some important Cafés réefpefin, the Liberty or the Foch ae bees wvilege of Furies, -baving tome-before the Caurt of K. By to be argued during. the Courfe of the prejtwt Montd; a ummary of the Arguments on thefe Subjelis muft be of ufe ta be referred to, eu the Common News-papers from whence they are takeny are not to be purchafed. ; f 4 A full Revort of the epee of the. Counfel. in the Eafe of the Kine and WoOoDRALL ; ‘together with what bas already dropt from the Fadges upon that Gaufe. *& INCE the verdict of the Jury in this caufe, two motions have been made, which were now brought to reeéive the decifion of the:Court: The firft waé ups on the part of the Crown; Why the Ver= “na ne na AR RA » iG foould nob be entered up actording tb the legal Import of the Wordi;'* the other, Why the Defendant fhould xt be difcharged from any Fudgment-on this” Verdi, Mr. Serjeant'Giynn, of Coun~ fel with the Defendant,’ firft obferved flightly; upon the abfurd motion for *“The motion was thus Woided in fpecial. dire@tion of Lord Mansfield ¢ wlio in thefe,, Guurts is eiways in GOusttil for the crown. Ah amend. -

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Report of Speeches in the Caufe amendment, that was made on the fide of the Crown, which, if carried, would ‘Rill require’ itfelf to be amended, or feave the matter as much at large as.e- ver ; fince the clerk muft be thereby re- duced to make another application .to the’ Couit, ‘to be informed, what. that . legaf import is : After this, he proceed- ed. in the following manner, taking up the afgnment “upon both the motions anited ; 5:5 «My Lords, ; * This is ani information for a /editi- © ous printing and. publilhing of a paper * figned Funiws : The Jury hie tound « Mr. Woodfall guilty of printing and * publithing only. © (x.) I thall firft contend, that this * is an Acquittal. ‘The charge brought * before the Jury is pones upon the * Defendant's evi! and feditious defgn in * publithiag. “The Jury find the pub- * lifhing only... This then is not con- * vidting him of the ‘charge, which is, the feditious intention... It is firftne- ceffary to:prove upon the trial the fact of eae next ~ Be Daa ag t apon the paper in the information. Theft 4 are dhe points which are-to he given in*charge to the Jury ; and the Jury mutt, be convinced of both... By thé 'genéral word of Guilty, the Jusy firid the whole charge to be true, They have not done fo. They have not found the fag of publication merelys but they have added acgetns words, to excludé’e thing elie. To what the Jurydo not fay, there is by law a negative f, But here the Jury have themfelves’ taken care, that their fi- Jence Mall not be mifinterpreted.. Had they be«n’ filent, whether the paper was a libel of not, and-not referred it to the opinion of the Court,. their fi, lente muft. have acquitted ; but here they have ufed the word only, exprefe- ly to excludé every idea of a crime. € Juries ne be juftly faid to nega, tive evefy thing they do not find ina queftion of ‘civil property, mach mare muft they be faid to do fo now, wher¢ tie crisninal métive makes the offence they have in charge. I do not fay, that a fri& and literal proof mut be brought of every part of the ipforma- tion ; but Ido fay, that criminal in- tention is of the effence of a crime, se a wnanmannre ee Rena we & WH A Of this criminal intention the Jury are the Judges: and if they exclude that, « the Defendant is acquirted. + So determined by all the Juages id the Exchequtr Chamber, ‘Withers yv. Lord . Jerfey. ee ee , re se ana nanananhnnaan and muft enter into évery idea of guilt. . a fe RA BO AR AW % OR A o re $y: an dui »" 4 e > of fheK. again Woodfall. 299 © Tofupporta general verdiét of gitil- § tysit appear that the Jury diay. ¢ ed the papers libellous. | Whether 1i- ‘f bellous or not; depends yw upon the ~ § conftruétion: put in the information. * This.conftiuétion they have excluded ; * therefore, ‘though they have not faid * in aSmany words, that the paper i¢ dot * a libel, they have negatived the /é/- * Jing conftruftion, and: faid as muth £ in confequence. by legal «inference. § Where the fubject-matter before the Jt - ry are not mere legal words, or words © of legal import, it is in. my opinion the $ province of a Jury to fod, whether * they, are criminal or not. \Jurics are ‘ Judges both of law and faét; I mean * as far as the former is involved in the € latter. The Jury therefore had a rizht ‘ to confider the paper charged as-ai Ii- ¢ bel before them. They might take it * upon them if they pleafed, or the * might refort to the Judge for advick. ‘ Here they haye, .by' their word of ex- clufion, gone as far a%to determing, that, there is. no guilt.in the paper; whether they. have determined wrong or right is, anather queftion, © © -. icin! psa ay thy erally ;,and where they fo-deter- mine againi the clear srbebat the fa& and letter of the law, (both of which conttitute the crime) they determiné at . the. peril. of. their confcience. “Yet a matter may be clearly libelious, and 4 man not incur guilt by the mere pub- lication, As in the cafe of a friendly admonition from a Father upon 2 fup- pofed, mifcondu& of his: Son ; or oF giving, teftimony in a court of Jultice ; the fame of giving the character of A fervant, and other cafes that might be - mentioned, | Here the intention be- comes material, and properly inqwira- ble by a-Jury 3 though. this is riot ca- pable. af -direét ‘proaf, it is, however, to be diltovered by inference; of which the jy are the Judges. . * 2. Upon the fecond head, I am to contend, ‘that if ‘the verdié is uncer- tain or infofficient, there muft be a new Jury fummoned to try the caufe afiefh. if I am _ not authorized to fay, that the verdict amounts to an.acquittal ; I am fure, they are as little authoriied on the other ‘fide to fay, tliat it a- mounts té6. a conviction. If the for- mer interpretation 18 not fatisfattory, the fatter certainly cannot be fo. If fome other ferfe'is given to the word only than what I ‘have put upon it, the whole becomes doubt and ambiguity ; na ane ee ee ee ee a ae and a new trial muft be had by ano- P ° ® ther

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¢ ther Jury, ¢ ‘tberwife than as a general verdi&t ; and |i _gerieval verdicts: nothing? is left to © inferencé or intendment #6. You mutt * havethe underftanding of another man, /$ -heav with: other’s ears, and “fee with * another's eyes, before you: ean know $ what, a Jury meant, upon what’ they © have moti expeett.'. Phere is in’ the «, books:the plaiiseft cafes where a direc € anference, mutt: unavoidably -be made of:from the finding of the Jury; ‘and yet _& that not being expreft, the verdict was _§ rejected as. infutficient. televise? .*, Lhe Jury had found'the damages to * the Plaintiff, ‘in the Defendant's: not .. * keeping his.promife, ‘and yet, not hav- _* ing found diredtly, thar he mate fuch uf prameiy. the verdi&> was: fet afide +. » *: If then we fuppofe therother fide right * ip faying,. that’ the-Jury ‘have’ found * {efficiently to: bring the Guilt of the 2* Defendant befére the Court'7 it is at £ Jeatt faying fo, without knowing what *. the, Jurymeant, as to the conftrugtion = put @pon the dibel. . Let theni model it § ase will, they cannot ‘make it ‘a i, general: verdi&, oft Guilty; without _*- leaving itheir fenfe uipen'the eonftruc- * tion unknown,, whieh mut neceffatily 4 be-inchuded-in every verdi& of puilty > * ‘But Jet ;what argumests theré will ~ “# be made. for this. new-modellifig ‘the € verdit of the Jury, there is‘one fupe- « rior-to all the réft again it; ‘which is, * that the Defeudant, would be thereby * precluded fromi taking the fenfe of a * fuperior Court of Review upon the . S werdi€, as at prefent fotmed’':' If'the . *, Defendant is‘found guilty; why is not _ * the Judginent entéred as’ it ‘is’ found, and, = fentence ‘of the Court paffe * upon him? Iti will "thew appear, ‘by _ * -writ of error to the Lords; what this « yerdi&t.was; by which he 'is faid to be | £ convigted. . Butjf this new- modelling ‘ takes »place, he wilk*he® for-ever ‘ deprived,‘ Of: this advantage] ;- which { indeed ,is,»the' onlp‘reafon’ ¥ can fuggeft to myfelf forthe attempt that ¢,is. madeé'to obtain ito For tif i€ is’ a ‘ general verdict of Guilty, 'I fay again, £it need not be entered otherwife than * it is found... No cafe can be produced

; * Vaughan,: 75 ‘Roll’s Abr. 693.° Barry and Philips. »': RS Nal. me + Yelverton, 59. Shellys. : | Becaufe; the Alteration will not ‘appear uron.the Record; and by feme ftrange Cor- fticutio’ ip the Jurifprudence of this.Counny, no Cuurt of Review cap take Notice of the Mifcondas of Judges in making fuch Aker ~ pd

300 Report of Speeches in the Caufe of the K. againft Woodfall. ‘Phis-cannot, betaken 6-. ><. where'the wonds; of 4 genéril ‘verdict

_* have’ beep altered to. make room, for © other'Words:' “They Vedald indeed be € words different from the meaning of the * Jury < Th fhort, if it’ is ngta yerdict °€ of conviétion, ‘your Lordthips will not @ after'it, t6 make it fo ; and ifjtis,Jet “it, as it mult, be entered in, the wouls *‘wherein itis found” “~~, ; * "Mp Lee, on the fame fide. . °€ Teis:an abfurd and impoffible idea, © that the ‘Jury fhould conviét that-man * of a libel, whom they meantta acquit © of a crime ;.and this. méaning is plain- ~ © ly demonftrated by the ward of exchu- “-fion, which they have intfoduted into * theiy verdi&. “The Jury Swill never * © be faid ‘to “have found ‘fuch.a/verdi¢t, © as fhews their inténtion to. find. him © ghilty ‘of the charge laid in oF infer- '€ mation. “They meant; no doubt, to " € have’ found ‘him the Printer and Pub- * lither of ‘the paper, .as it appeared an ~ the Publié Advertiser, and n6t ascoup- “fed with all thot heavy charges aud <# ipnuéndge’, as ‘défcribed in the infor- “fala There are co ae the **® Jaw'td prove, that a partial finding is ue Minfaltieient chores man was tharg- #°éd ‘With,an intrufion info’ a houfe and © fends, ‘and. ‘the Jury: gay, fone the pe econ ee Ae. “a t! s verdigt as “declared to witolly- void ¥. « Butih vhiy ates let dic reer | this finding of the © Jury ‘Be “what it will, “it is gmpoilible ‘®-for the Couit to alter it 5 for it is moft # decifivély ‘laid down, in books “of the # grearelt "guthority, that the court can- neral verdict in a gti #. # not amend ‘4 thinal matter .°-" 9." ‘On -the part of the, Crown, Mr. Thurloé,: Solicitor-General, «-T kidéw no rule, or caule in law, by which ‘the ‘filence of a jury upon any fatt, that thould be made a part of thew verdict, ‘tuft ‘be conftrued ‘to imply the acquittat of the Defendant.: On the Contrary, there isan authority ia the law. upon the very cafe of a'libel, where a partial finding of the Jury was fiifficient. * A charge was brought for the “writing, collecting, saspenyns a fibel vipon the King : “The Jury found ‘the Defendant guilty culy of the ptinting ; and‘this verdict was allows ed to be good upon the iffue |]. Where- Q & ever the Jury fhall have omitted a matter of jaz, the Court will not iz. tend that fa& ; neither will they con- * Leonard, 296. esis Salk.!' 47: 55. Cro. J. 2t0. , | Lord Raym. 414, 12°Mod. and Sal-' glade i eT

Page 25

Report of Speeches in the Caufe of, the K..agqinft Waodfall. 301. " chide the Defendant innocent, becaule # théeJuty - ‘have not? {aid that He is fo 3” Jutyto « but they wil then order a dew Micome-and try the catife: again. ' ¢ If it; is: faid thatthe Jury meant to — © exclude a conclifion'of fiw, that were ‘& monttrous. Tor fay thizt” the’ ‘Jury ¢: found the f4é. of publifhitip’the paper, «las *chatged*in- thé infoi‘magion,’ but * that ‘they denied: 'the interpretation of * the law upén ‘it, were ‘bringing them ‘6 \wholy out of their province’; fet they + are only judges offaa; ‘and with the ¢ Jaw'they have nothing todo.’ “If the - *. cation of fome other paper,’ than that * :as'‘chatged in the information, it is . faying they have-found @'fatt; which 4 ‘they are not chiarged' to ‘enquire into. ‘$Phis were making’ them’ to Have dope ¢ moreabfurdly than they have ; and 5 what they have manifetly no tight to :€. do.” Their'words'miukt ‘neceffarily be \€ veferred to fomething'; but’ why fub- -t Ritate a fubjee out of the information ? “é ‘Por if they have found that the Defen- * dant’ only printed ‘and publifiied the 1j- © bel ‘charged ’in'the information, ‘they -§ have fond what will ver“be enough * to.convist. - "The pe? eer Pad * the judgement of law from paffing up- ¢ on th aré’ found to * have ‘committed. j cae, ‘The Jury are to pe into a faé&t a a> & o~ aéts, ‘which men ao © as charged in the information ; and “ the thortanfwerthéy gavein the words . « of guilty or not guilty muft be tefer- « red’ to that particular charge ; other- ¢ wife they fay nothing. “°° ©Jt-is not néceffary for me to con- * tend, that any “fais tall be fupplied © ‘by innuendo in the finding of a fury ; * but if the Jury ‘meant to ‘exclude a # conclufion of law, F dare fay your # Lordthips’ will’ not attend to it ; for when a Jury has found fufficient fats to fupport ‘fome verdi& in the caufe, they cannot further, and “find a wrong ¢onclufion 6f law. “When the Jury have found. fufficient matter ‘of ¢ fa&, yotr Lordthips will fupply the é ‘matter of law,; as was determined in € the cafe of Lord Paget; whiere, in the © queftion of a fraudulent conveyance, . bai Jury. having fotind ‘fufficient fpe- « Gal ‘matter; the Court ‘inferred the © coriclufion ‘of law, that’ the convey- € ance was fraudulent, though the Jury, € had'not exprefsly found the fraud *, © However, ini this:café, the Jury have eo & &

3 Bcere.1394._Dsss 3040

* Jury'are faid to Have fouiid the publi- - § “exprelsly fotind fome guilt; and itis * now become the province of this coust, * to fay what that guilt. amounts to.” capi ; Mr... Morten, 4 * The fubjgé for the Jury, to have in- re into, .was the application of this libel, to the perfon, upon whom itis << charged in thé informatjon, to have ‘ * been made. I confefs that. the mater ““*' here charged, would not be libellous « if it affedted any body elfe than. the ’* King. ‘The Jury haye found the, fact of printing abd publishing enh » and that was the only thing. they had to find. . For what.1s the cridie charged ? It is the Printing and publithing, the matter and things. contained .in, the information. Upon’ which the,,Jury feem to have faid, that.he is, oly guil- ty of printing’ and publithing, the, paper ‘charged in the information (for that is all'we have to ddd) 3. and this is the ‘fatne as if they hail found him guilty PORE rte stcars ss! r, Wallace. * The verdi&t is full, and requires ne intendment. The charge is for print- ‘ing and publifhing.a libel; the Defen- — fge_hb is not any the charge: The Jury: being aiked, they fay “he is i 3 that is, only, of printing and publifhing ; which 1s the fame thing as uding him guilty ge- ees << . ip + hake was ee ee a ia @- fea Pr herally. € It would have been ‘material if the Jury had excluded in this verdié& the allufions mage from the paper in quef- tion to the libel ip the information. As to the objection, that they have not found the intention, that wil avail as little now as it did béfore in the cafe of the King and Brere. It was objected there alte, that the Jury had only found part of the'chauge, and that fo much. as. they had found did net, infer:any illegal a€t;.for that there are cafés in wah it may be law ful to write a.libel, as.for a clerk dsawing an indi€tment, or a ‘ftudent taking notes in*court: Bur the Chief Juftice faid, their finding fuch a fac in the cafe of an information muft ne+ ceflarily infer a c:imeé.” - ; Mr. Duaning - © Verdigts are not to be entered in any: cafe in the precife words the Jury give them; nor are they. fo. Something, is always tobe added, Had the word only, been omitted, there is no doubt t the yerdiét. in’ this cafe. would. have € been competent ; for the clerk would © have addcd, the matters charged in.the 2 INE A Re BOR Rw Mw eK Ae! &' Ce eo ee

Page 26

——- *

§o2 Report of Speecbes in tbe Canje of ibe re soalal Wosdfall. - © rit and meaning, as well .as letter of * ¥xformation. Let thofe words be fill * added, and the infertion of the word ~ : © dnty will make no difference. ‘ All the books agree, that-the Jury * may, in-thefe inftancés, take the law * and fa&t together, and ‘give ageneral « verdi&t. * Fhi¢ I know has been dif- * puted ; but whether difputable or not, “38 another matter. “However, it, has * As to the objection, that the Alte- * ration will not appear upon the record, “ when removed by error into anothér * court ;-this gots “no further than in e- very, other cafe, when the ‘Court, or _ Clerk add words,to the general finding pr into “ Befides, this is a matter of fact, whether the: Jury have. found the Defendant guilty, or hot, and no. Upon. the who'c,. I am fa- by error. was to find thefaét; bel or no, to leave tion of the court. “* ~ a , % [be yes we aA enhaeanrhanana Mir Wali Fo SR es ** As to the objeftion, thatthe Jeary © have not found the-intention, it ts nia-_ + nifeft, that if the’ Jury find the fatty... they muft find the‘dehgn with which. it is done ; for the DefenJant is a Free- ne 8 8 FH A the legal confequencts of his own att.’ ; Mr. Serjeant Glynn in reply.* * It feems to be allowed, by all the verdi&t,-as it ftands at prefent, requires fome kind of amefdment’; without, which n> Judgment can'be given upon, 1t. were to added, as the Geitienien on the other fide would with to annex, to the words found ; fuch ‘addition would flaly contradi& the obvious fpi- er a,e ee ee RRA matter of fact isefrbyeS ta any <revifal - Agent, and therefore an(werable for - Counfel for the'profecution, that the, I iy Ses to fay, if fuch ‘worils - s RAR MAAR RR RR RRMA RRA R MARMARA RRA MAE HRA HAA tisfied, that. the meaning of thé. Jury » | and whetheriny~ to the devermiita;

Oe a ea © the text, and make the wholefucir a * jumble of contradiétion and nonfenfe that no judgment could poffibly be given upon it.. Mr..Dunning fays, no verdi& can be ever entered in the meer words of the Jury, without ad- ding fomething. I -confefs it ; But what is that fomethiag, and who makes the addition ?. To the bare words Guilty’ or‘ Not Guilty’ ix added, of the matters and things charged in the eC a fueh formal words as- afe. clear indifputable pF aoe Jury, atihond. in: the finalleft degree, impai:ing, amplifying, or altering their fenfe. This entry or addition is made by the clerk ; and - fuch an addition, fhould the clerk ne- gleét to make it, the Court will after- wards {upply,:as a_mere clerical omif- pn. But it is.one thing tocorrect the miftakes of the officer or cler#, and another to fupply the intent:onal omits fion of the Zary, When, the jury bring in: a common verdict, the Clerk enters itin the-common; form. but the Clerk has no right to expunge, of e- rafe, or alter ae words of the Jury, when they. have not found them in pad common way.; and I afhirm,, that the Court has no more power to fupply fuch at omiffion of the, Jury. than. the Clerk... The yerdiét of the Jury is not at all aliered.or impeached by fupply- ing clerical defeéts ; but in.this caio, the fenfé of the Jury, not of the Clerk, the verdiét itfelf would be materially and effentially affeéted and changed by the alteration propoted to be made by the Court. “ , * It has been. faid too, that the Jury meaht- to, find. the fact. fpeciaily, or to bring in. a fpecial verdict 5. but they ‘ctrtatnty have not found.a fpecial verdicts norisit a-fair inference from. the-words that they meant to do lo, It is wel! known, that in a fpecial verdi& all the faéts muft be found, and it mutt conclade with defiring the advice and opinion of the Court upon the whale : Is this verdigt fo circumftanced ? De the Jury. here afk. any queftion of the Court, or crave, its affittance to guide them *? But if it were a fpecial verdiat, | the Court could only determine upon what was exprefsly. found, and not upon intendments and conftructions of their own raifing. However, we beg leave to infit, that this was meant as, ‘a general verdi&t, and that the Jufy a“

*® Non tali auxilio, © underftood OO -

Page 27

Report of Speeches in the Caufe of the K.againk Weedfall. 303 © underftood it to be ayerdict of Ac- * quittal; for in a general verdiét, they Ticite upon the whole of the cafe, and upon what they are filent they acquit the Defendant; by faying nothing of the paper, therefore, they find it mo libel. Were I to admit the criminali- ty. of the paper to be a queftion of law, it’ is furely fuch a qucition as is com. priz@l in the iffue which the Jury have in’ their. province to try, and which they muft neceflarily take into their confideration when they give a general verdiét, Whatever they have not de- cided upon, they have certainly nega- tived. Had they meant to eale their own minds as to law, they would have dche it in no other way, than by find- ing fpecially. ‘This is the fame cafe as that of Elizabeth Canning, and of Penn and Mead. “There the Jury ufed the word Guilty, and yet excluded the crime. Let us fuppofe,’ for argument fake, that the Jury had thought, there was fome degree of guilt in what they faid, and yet negatived all the crime b fome fubfequent word ; The werdi would then have been contradictory, and repugnant to itfelf, and there muft have been a new trial, Printing and Publithing are not the only things giv- ey in chargé to the Jury; the con- ‘ ftru@tion is likewife in their charge ; and by ufing the word ozly, they have excluded this part of that charge. * The counfel for the Crown have confounded the cafes of general with thofe of fpecial verdicts, Sievanage's cafe was a {pecial verdi&t. . The can- clufion there, that.the blow was felo- nious, was apparent, from the fatts, which were found. ‘The cafe of the King and Brere was very diftinguifh- able from the prefent; nor is there any cafe, where, in a general verdiét the Jury can be fuppofed to refer any matters to the Court. They have found, as their general verdict, that the Defendant ‘is guiity of aothing more than’ of printing and publibing ; and by the word oaly, applied to thef¢ ats, they have qualified asd reftrain- ed that ule of the word Cuilty.—They mnaeaanmeanennrannnawrmrnen ewanrtaneanan Fae ly of a part of the charge ; and for the addition . or - alteration. which. is now waa to be made to. this finding, the café be¢omes quite new and fingular ; betaule there is no inftance of .a yer- di& having been entered contrary to RR RAR HRKRHR HARA HRA HR MAKKAH AEARE HRA KHER A mere.clerical miftakes. . To fay that * the catry cught te be guilty geacrally, a nan nnanannannranrrR ant ReARRAaKaAaAKR AHR HAHAH AH have found the Defendant guilty .on- . ee ee ee ee ee oe a a a a i as Sor ar the nding of a Jury,,excepting in: becaufe, if the Jury, had’not fo intend- ‘ eJ, they would have brought in their verdict Not Guilty, would be at heft putting a fenie upon doubtful words, which, if any explanation were necef- fary, ought to have, been.explained, at the time the verdict was given ; but it éomes ‘too late to be admified now. If a@ meaning muft be put by the Court upon thele words, the moft, ob- vious one is that of Acquitral. If we are to go out of words for a meaning, réfoit to the affidavits of the Jurymnen, If there is no meaning in them, it is ah infofficient verdict, and. there. mutk be a new trial, But if the verdict ap- pears ever fo unmean'ng to yotr Loni- fhips, you cannot now amend it, be- caufe you have nothing to amend.it bys as. has fometimes been done -by notes ptifon of the Clerk. Nor can you now give a contradigtion tothe Jury by faying they meantto find the whole, wheh they deciare they mean fome- thing fhott of it, If it is a good and fufficient verdiét, it need not be.alter- ed at all; if there is any.thing more than clerical defeéts ‘init, .it ought not to be'altered.. In the.one cafe we are intitled to an Acquittal ; in the other, to a new Trial." ' Lord M—f—d's Speech on giving .bis ' _ Charge to the Furys |, ¢ "Though the Court nti not, yet de- termine whether the, affidavit of any yet I have permitted one to be read there fin inntendoes is not denied ; only the cri- in the information, _To-haye- demed the one would have been. very materi. al; with thé,other they have. nothing no proof to them of the paper).as” charged in the information... But if the jury find, that the.defendant pub~ lithed at ree find. the papér, as their only enquiry. I take it fnom the, affedavit, which has been ftased, that ir meant to fay, tiyat the paper is no his ther the innuendoes were properly fup- plied, there frould bea‘ new tnal. I did not leave ic to the jury, whether # ‘This was ch: ASdavic of William Sib- ley, Bakers, , xi 46?the taken at the trial, to correét the mif-\ of the jury may be read in this caule, ° a little by way of Aating it;* and I~. ° ti that the application of the’, minal confiru@ica patupon the paper’ » toda, In that cafe, there would, be.» charged in the information, for that is .- does not appear, whether the jury _ beh; if they had the I¢ait doubt, whe- ~ ui y

Page 28

304° Pleadings on‘a' Trial for © the'paiper was infiocent or not. « T ‘ne- * ver'dd,' TE fummed tp to them, as‘ I * always have dohe in ~ fimilar cafes, * that‘if they were not fatisfied of the * fa&t of publication, or had a doubt. * Of the application of any ‘of the wards in the anttia tid to the blanks in the letter; the} muft Acquit the déféndant, But I told them alfo, that whether the, paper was"criminal’ or innocent, was. to them afubject of indifference ; be- caule,’ if innocent, judgment would. be ‘arrefted in this court. Here the ju-, ry didnot mean to find the malice of, the defendant, becaufe it was not with- , in their inquiry; nor did they mean to excliide it, becaufe it was not with-, in their power to exclude ’a legal‘ de- duétion ~": 7 * There may be fomething of a dif- - aon menannmnanrana int @-ctimindl “or a civil cafe, There is, indeed, a found ditinaion,’ which , holds in: the’ pleadings; “for thofe can- . not be ‘amended in criminal matters. * Whatever ‘may be the inclination of ” my Opinion’ i “this ‘cafe; itis too ate - to have’ any’ effeéts from it in this term; therefore jet it ftaid’over to the next. Fudge Aft. © The jury areelected, tried and fworn, ; to determiné concerning the matters coptained in the informations, there- fore if they’find any fact of publicati. ’ on; they inuft ‘find, not’ the fimple faét-of publithing that Public Adver~ tifer fold at the defendant's houfé, but that-very ‘libel charged in the informa- toh, « - +¢ The Court'will advife.™ A difpaffonate Account of the Plead=. ings at Guildhall, on the Informa-. tion agains te Printer of the London Evening for republifoing Ju- nius’s. Letter tothe Kine. A Pit EX: the, information +. bs made — the f2&." dete had \been, . opened aud. read, Mr. Thurloe ad- "St This was. @ fpecial werdid, and oily drefféd himfelf to the jury, and faid,, lifbing: Fahitis's Lette, Be" That he'though the matter in gueftion fo, » _pldin, that’ it’ 'would be ‘impoffible, for them, either ‘to ‘miftake-or doubt the, . proof; iHat would be ‘laid before: thei, or the conelufion that would be-drawa) from it: that-he had not met with any ,man, ¢ither’in or out of the prof,fiion: ; of the law, who doubted’ of the paper in, » .quéltion being a libel’ ‘That he believ- ,ed no ‘council on ‘the: other fide had.on, . ,the’ former tryals ‘refpecting this paper, » ,pretended it was a legal and innocent Nabe ciing But, inftead of ‘that, they, ad run’ into general and loofe ‘decla~. . mations gbout the liberty’ of the prefs, - which were in no degree applicable to, » the prefent cafe. _plaine’ was that this’ liber abufed in the groffeft manner, and turned . That the prefent coms had -beén.. » into“ licentioufnels.. That thofe, who. » . . ‘have ‘been’ ‘perverted. in his ‘education, . and fa corrupted in his heart, as to neg-, Je&t‘a proper attention to his’ dufy, ‘and to abandon himfelf to the exercife of pri- vate and particular refentmént againft a —— | deferibed ‘ta ‘be of mot * tinétion in the bodks about amending a. ; A * verdi&tin civit and in 4 criminal By were for afferting fiach’a liberty fo one, : © Butit isa'miftake; and theréisnothing , man, -as had heen exercifed in this cafe, , - * inite"In the cafe of Gibfon for forgery, Atruck at the liberty of every over mém-, - * ali thejudgesweredf opinion, thatwhere., ber of fociety,” and that the laws. were , ‘ the offces had ‘dvawn tp ‘the verdiét calculgted'to affert the liberty of focitty ; * conTRARY tothe finding of the jury, 4n general, ‘and ‘the feé enjoyment ta, « it might ‘be ‘amendéd f. “ Thére is'a.. every man of his perfon, property, and. © cafe‘of this fort in‘the year books, as «good “name. That he maiptamed the; - * early as the 34 Of Richard TIT. I for. papét'in queftion, to contain fuch things. - * get the page, as I fpeak only from the , 28 the publifher. deférved punifhment for, * memory of my reading. * This is the © That ‘his bor i was therein reviled ' ‘ only way of altering. a verdad either. from his‘vety” rth; ‘that he was faid to 4 a s a SI >? rivolous and contemptible charaéter, in” , erder to enhance the impropriety of his — Majefty’s conduét, and that.this pro~ duétion, in its conclufion, threatened'his, , Maje&y ‘with‘another revolution, in the“ Rile'o a _manifefts. He faid, ‘if this | manher of treating the King paffed un- puniihe®, fhe fhould think there’ would . ‘oon be an end ‘of government ; but he * was convinced no one'of ‘his antagonifts - would deny, that if'a'perfon Mliould write’ of a‘common’ Juftice' of Peace, that-be- ing moved by perional refedhtment, he~ , fuch had ‘aéted. contrary to his Buty, ; 16forit perfon would be clearly punithab asa‘libel. ote ane * He remarked alfo the injurioiis ‘treat- ment of, the. Houfe df Comimons, “and “ “+ of his Majefty's minifters and fervants, \ efpecially the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, - ticilar charges ‘and ” aflertions’ in’ the epet in queftion, thewing the malevo~ ~ Pp ’ lence of their defigns,” the of nce o gus, rs : He then went through 7 great maflypars

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-Pheadings\on a Trial for repablifhing Funiuss Letter, Gc. 305 their expreffions, and the dangeroufnefs of their tendency. ‘ Two witneffes were then called, one of whom proved buying the paper in queftion,.at Mr. Miller's, and the other his being the printer of it. After which Mr, Serjeant Giynz rofe up for the De- fendant, and faid: *¢ ‘That: ‘his learned. friend, Mr. Thurloe, began by afferting that no law- yer, no ciuzen, would ferioufly avow the legality and innocence of the pro- duétion in queftion: That he.denied it ; —That-he had before entered on the de- fence of this paper ferioully, and upon refietion ; and that he now appeared to evow and defend the publication. That he had made no objection to the talef- men. who: were added to. thofe of the Special fury, who attended to try this ittve, ashe could: not believe any Jury wonld, convict the defendant: that he : had | not! inthe former trial: gone into a defence of the paflages in this letter, be- ‘caufe the council for the crown had not before entered into a particular. difcuf- fion of them ; ard that: he thought it would on the prefent occafion have been the beft way to leave the confideration of . the paper to the Jury, without any com- ments by council.: «© He faid, he agreed with. Mr. Thurloe, that no.praétice. was.more per- nicious and-dangerous, than that of af- fing private, or mifreprefenting pub- ic’ characters; but that he could not help looking to the fountain from which. fodd afpe:fious and abufe flowed,. and confidering in how thameful a manner . minifterial hirelings had abufed the greateft and moft refpectable charatters, who had left them-to the contempt t deferved, and never.brought them before a jury. He faid; he was ata lofs to feehow the writer in queftion could be ftiled mercenary :> That he faw the greateft diftinétion between a mercenary writer, and.a perfon who, moved by ardent zeal for his King and Country, whom he thinks in dangef, gives thofe alarms which are falutary, and thofe notices which are neceflaty ; aid whom, there- fore, he mu: confider as fo far: from obnoxious, to .condemnation, that he a&ts the part: of a good. fubject; and is juftifiable in his conduct. ' #© That be knew himfelf dddveffing a jury who wese fenfible all depended u - omthem; ‘and who did rot want to informed of ‘their! line of jurifdiGion; that line. which muft be inviolable, and 2h Gent, Mags July, 177%) 20 4 feridant was vs ‘That they pare spdecide whether he.was if broke in upon,. would be the. Metion of juries; That they were to mine on the matter before them, let it comprehend what it would; That the defendant, Miller, was charged with publithing a malicious and {editions pa- per, with a criminal intention ; that this criminality was alledged in the intorma- tion, which would not be good without it, and that the jury muft receive. fatis- faétion, and have conviction in.theix own minds about it, or otherwife they muft acquit the defendant: That he would not cavil about nice diftinétions, but muft infift that the principal matter be- fore them was, whether there was a bad intention in the publifher, without a be- lief of which they could not find him guilty of the information. For he faid, in the cafe of an indi&ment for perjury, where a perfon is charged with having fworn what was not true, wilfully and corruptly, if a jury were to find the per- fon to have {worn fal/ely but not wilful- yet corrapiy, fuch a verdiét would an acquittal. He repeated, that they muft be convinced of a feditious meay- ing and intention, to convict the defen- dant; and ‘faid, that his learned friend, Mr, Thurloe, knowing that, had enter- . ed into a particular difcuflion of many parts of the paper, as to his remarks up on which they would judge. ‘* He faid, the paper in queftion con- tained nothing perfonal againft the King, but treated.the meafures of adminiftra- tion with the freedom he hoped ever to fee. them treated with, and never to fee difcouraged by juries: That if an end was put to fuch free difcuflions, this na- tion would fgon be reduced to the ftate of thofe where murmurs are never heard till outrages break out, and would lofe the great happinefs and fecurity it has always derived, from a free animadverfi- on in the meafures of adminiftration. He faid, ** The jury were conftituti- onal judges of the qwo/e matter ; and if they faw-no feditious defign in the pub- lication, he trufted they would, by an explicit verdi&t, find the defendant Not Guilty... That he would. not trouble _them with nice diftinétions, whether they could impute any criminality to the de- fendant, becaufe a paper,had been fold by .his, fervant, the contents of which there had been no-evidence.of his know- ledge of, becaufe be doubted not the de~ fafe in. their hands.: ty. of, the offence in manner and orm, as.the, information ftated.; and if hey negleéted to take the evbode matter lato

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306 Pleadings. cn a Trial for republifbing Funius’s Letter; Be, into their confideyation, they would give an exainple dangerous to the -fecurit derived fron junes, and thathe left the matter with them, in the higheft expec- tations from (heir juilice and integrity: The Serjeant te-confidered moh of thele paffages in the letter which Mr. Thurloe had animadverted wpon sand endeavoured therefrom to prove his'po- fition, that no perfonal infult was' offer- “ed ro the King, but that they only eon- tained a free difeufiion of ‘the inveafires of adminiftration. i> Mr. Davenport fpoke with good fenfe and perfpicuity on tié fame fide with the Serjeant, but chiefly iniifter| on the odii- ous nature of informations’, whith ‘ke ‘ feeed to confider as ftate eiryines em-. ployed to torrure thafe who made fo fiee with miniftérs, end their ineafures, as to be offenfive to them, ‘tho’ ‘beneficial to the public. Mr. Thurloe then faid, it was hisduty to reply, leaft he thowld be thouglit’to - ' berray ‘the truft repofed in him, the’ be thought the whole matter before the ju - ~¥y lay level tothe: moft common 'under- Seating: That the jury had beeh told a mutt’ be convinced of ‘a malicious and Yeditiows defign’ in the publither : That ‘the fubftamial accufation againtt “bim, Werded ze ® might, was, thet tie had pu! /ifhed that againftanother, whieh ~ was Teititions to Kimi 7 and that this of- fence was imbanced by the dignity éf the party again whom the publication was léveld. As to what had been frid, repeating the’ mode of profecution by information, he Cid it was filed by 2 offiter'te “whom all’aves had giver that power, witich had for the good’ of the conftitation been formerly confirmed to him, and chablithed dy ftatuie fnce the revolution: tho’ jaties are ‘now tol éf its being oppreffive-and injurious. That the Attorney-General was bound in du- ty and i honéury not to Ste ein forma- ‘tion, but in’¢afes where it ought to'be dorie, und that this truft never hall heen abufed: by ‘the 'prefent poffeffor of that igh office; wlid was ad men of gyeat ‘knowledgé and urlirmpeached honour. “He aid," Mr. Serjeant hadraaintain- ed this pajiér to be ‘0: Libel; ‘beeaule- it ‘gid not goto ‘the ipér fon of ‘the King’: “That, he was glad Lang be re ie erjearit on that poinr, antbagreed; that if cep So pitldkth teputein ta'the wing, the publifher wae-not crishifiali ‘But that it was the nsoll dire} moekery ‘to fay the virtues igs teas es ace iknowledged in the Outfety: wiicn:fuch ‘dices con ions follew.--2 That: if ‘ the jury could imagine the King was not meant in thofe various expiefiions ~ of iafult and contempt, which had! been pointed out ro them, they mult acqait the defendant; but if they were futished he was, what availed this pretended compliment to his.virtues, but to add to the injurioulnefs of |his treatments---He told the jury, ‘they were the refuge of Laberty-«++Tiie refort of thote,. wito fe aecaben wronged; and that ift rdsbe pres aile » by falée gloffes and infin ane to BR ericd that jutice which was fought at their bande, there would soon be an end of everything which the laws thought worthy of pro- tion. That he was fure every one of them ‘would think a man who robbed them oftheir money, Jef. injiwious. to them thar fie who hung them out ina drbel to pubiie contempt and. derifion, andthat hedic tot doubt they wail; en the, prefent oceafon, .doithat,. justice which was afked of them, by finding the defendant Guilty... ‘Thatche joined wish the Se7yeant im defiring them motto: de- , Fogate from: them abthority, ‘the nobleft exerepe' of iwhich:. was in doing) that Lord. fammetl up the:whole, by sonies himfelf.to-the juny. to the & +> kod gif? * ‘following ¢ “ Gentlemen of the Friry, ‘ © ¥ have the’ fauisfaétion: to know, that +f I fhould be miftaken m thedireg- tion Lam about:to give you, as to your iduty en the prefent eccafion; it will not he fibab.aed conclufige ;: but it is wnder the fell conviétion.of my ewn mind that Beam watranted by the ‘uniform pradtice-of paft ages, and by the law of ythe land that I inform. you, that the qued- » tion for your determination is,.. whether se a ror ies ne publifhed a paper tewor and rheanmg as is charged by the information >-1f the te- “nor had been: wrong, the: profecutian ‘would at once have fallen to the ground, -bat_ that is: ‘not objected ta, nor is,any omeaning {\ggefted/by the defepdant dit - ‘ferent to that fapplied bythe filling up the sblanks in the énforayations: If you find the defendant: Not Guiliy,: you find he didnot: print and: publith as det forth 5. if you friad him guilty, -you findethat he did eprmt and publith a \paper of the tenor and meaning fetforth im the indi&tment. hone ce firall are en eh -but mot f. ahestustcnanabibn ted ariliegal , for fbonid the defendant!be Sound: giril- os he may -arrett the judgm iby:in- ting thergis nothing: is pa- Pets a.

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no Cay oft Popifp “Impéfition on. the People. a per, and’ may carry this matter’ before the higheft court of judicaute in ‘this kingdom:: Nor do you find by that ver- Hi& that he did it-with avy degree ot ma- lige or guilt, more than: appears from the face-of the publication, Nothing c* be more.various than the manner of publi- ation, which may be attended with the bighet degree of guilt, or with civcum- ftances that makevit a vénial matter. It 4s ce: tain all the epithets of maliciows, fe- dijious, Sc. given in the informetion, are kuifercebces in:law, anily ix is admiitied, that itis needlefs to give amy proof about them, ---T he defendaat after conviction vay beheard to exteruate his offence, on his own affidavit,| as was Jately. admit- ted in the cafe of one-of the perfons con- victed of publithing the letier before yous which is a proof:that the criminality. of the faét is. not determined ‘by the jury, 4f you don’t believe that the tenor and ieaning (of thisopsper ate rightly ft forth in the information: dr, if you déf+ believe the evidence: given to brieg the publication home: to the defendant, you Apuk acquit ‘him ; but if you: are fatis- fied «in_thofe points, you muft find him gvilty... lf .you chufe to determine the point of law, you thould be very fure ‘for your confciences fake, that.your de- termination js-law 5 butif thedew was, in every cafe; to be determined by juries, we fhould be in.a miferable condition, ‘a8 nothing could be mote uncertain, from the different opinions of mankind.” _ After this. the jury. withdrew, and -brought in the verdict Not Guilty.——— f of a Paper fold by the Popifs Clerry, oe Treland, te eoaions fe the io. bilee,] .at one Guitiea fach, by per- miffior, and approved of by the Pope, the Original being figned by bim. H po A Se HOLY. JUBILEE, 1770. © “PRs revelation was made by the -, Movth of our Lord Jefus Chrif,.to thofe three Saints, viz. St. Elizabeth, St. Alare, and St. Bridger, they being de- fhrous to know fomething in particular of the bleffed Pathon of our Lord ahd $4- .¥iour Jefus Chrift. Firft, I teceived thirty cuffs: 2dly, when I was apprehended in the en P T rectived forty blows :, 3dly, 1, jour- hi* to. Annas's Houle, . got. feven falls; 4thly, ihey gave me. 444 blows whips. upon my fhoulders: sthly, raifed me, up-from the by e hair of the head 330 times: 6thly, 307 they gave me 40 blows againft my teeth; ‘ythiy, I have Coated $888 highs Sthly. they drew.me by my beard 3 times: gthly, I xeceived one metal — wound at the foot of the crofs;: 16th, 666, blows they gave me, when I was bound to the pillar of ftone: 11th, they ft acrown of thorus apon my head; 12th, they have {pitied at me 63 times ; 13'h, the falcisrs gave me 88 blows cf whips ; 14th, they gave me gall and vinegar to drmk: 15th, when I hanged on the crofs, f réceived five mortal wounds, All men or women that will fay feven Paters, feven Aves, and a creed, daily, in ho- nour of the bjefled Paflion of our Lord ‘and Saviour Jefus Chrift, for the {pace of 15 years, they fhall obtain five graces; rit, they thal}receive plenary indulgence avd remiffion of theif fins; adly, they will wot fuffer the pains of Purgatory s gully, if it. happen, that they die before 15 years be ended, they fhall obtain _gracevas well as if they had uttered martyrdom}; 4thly, in point of death, I will nat come mylfeif alone to receive his gwn fou), but alfo his parents, if they be In purgatory ; finally, I will. convert them*into everlalting blifs, ‘This revelation hash thofe virtues, that whofoever fhall carry it about him, fhall be free from his enemies, neither wijl he die of any fadden death ; and if there ‘be any wonign with child, that carries this:revelation about her, fhe thail feel no paiu..in child-birth;. and in, whatever art of the houfe this revelation fhall lie, It thall, not be infected with any contagi- ous difeafe, or any other evil; and who- fozver fhall crry it about him, the glo- rious Virgin Mary will thew -herfelf to him forty days aries his death, Its. eet Here the Parith Priett figns his name, Hustrana, ort steed p- 2540 Love is a bodily diftemper, and may be Cured. by the help of Medicine. | AS E is not ,only. a.paflion of the foul, bike hatred andenvy, but itis alfo a diftemper of the body, like a fever. Tt.is inthe blood:and in the fpirits, which are fired and agitated in an extraordinary manner, and it .may be treated metho- dicaily by the rules of medicine, in or- der to cure it. 1am of opinion that the cure may be wrought by profufe fweats and copious bleedings, which carrying off with the moiftase thofe inflame fpirits, may clear the blood, calm its emotion,

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308 emotion, and re eftablihh it in its natural ftate.. This is nota mere conjecture ; jt is a notion founded ‘on experience. A great * Prince, within ovr. memory, who-was paffionately enamoured with a Jady of great merit, was obliged to re- ir to the army. During his abfence, Vis paffion.was cherifhed by recollection, and by avery frequent and regular cor- refpondence by letters, till the end of ' the campaign, when a dangerous ‘ilinefs reduced him to the aft extremity. Re- medies were proportioned tothe dif- order, and the moft efficacious means that medicine prefcribes were put in practice. He recovered his health, but without recovering his love, which fuch great evacuations had carried away without his knowledge. For perfuading himfelf. that he was ftill in love, but heing fo only in idea, he found himfelf frigid and difpaffionate to her whom he thought he ftill loved. The fame thing happened to an intimate friend of mine, ~who having been cured of a long and , ftubborn fever, by a kind of erifis which confifted of fweat, found himfelf at the fame time cured of a troublefome and inconvenient paffion, with which he had been Jong tormented; fo that, after his cure, attempting to ro the fame train of gallantry, he no longer’ per- ceived hie 4 forthe? ardote, and ee si ‘nithed to find- in himfelf only indif- ‘ference and languor inftead - of --his ‘ wonted vivacity and tendernefs. + -Jt was not the general opinion of the An- cients, thar the torrid zone was un- inbabitable: « - We have now exploded the notion of “the antients; on the ftate of the torrid zone, which they believed uni:nhabita- bile, on:account of its extream heat, - Qikarum que media ef, non eft babita- bilis flu. At prefent wé know the contrary, and thas been found that in the whole ex- ‘Gtent of the torrid zone, one’ may live ‘commodioufly and fafely, the heats be- ‘ jng moderate, and-the earth fruitful. * However, all the ancients were not guilty - of this miftake, and Strabd, B. If. at- * The Prince ‘of Condé, See hislife. Vol. xxxviii. . "+ The good Bifhop feems not thoroughly to have confidered love. It is fometimes the “Wife of a difeafe. Sydenham has noted immoderatelouwe, ax a fymptom of Hypochon- driacs; ure that difeafe, and the love de- ' pendant wpor it will ceafe of courfe. See Sydenham, -8vo. edit. p. 414- «. : - ‘ Huetiana. ~ Love tured by Phyfic—T orrid Lone: tefts, that Eratofthenes and Polybius” celebrated writers, believed that the torrid zone was temperate. Indeed the or which induced Polybius to be of this opinion, is ridiculous, ‘He imia- gin®i, that that part of the earth which 1s beneath the equator was higher than all the reft, becaufe in a globe hung on .an axis which pafles through its two les, the middle part feems raifed the igheft ; and that the clouds which were driven from the north to the fouth by the Etefian winds, meeting thefe raifed regions, and there being ftopped, diffulve into rains which attemper the heat. But he fhould have confidered, that in every globe aN the parts of the furface being at an equal diftance from the center, are of an equal height. + Polybius too has been guilty of ano- ther miftake, which moft of the Ainciénts alfo have committed, when ‘in enquiring the caufe of the overflowing of the Nile, they afcribe it tothofeclouds driven from the north to the fouth by the Efefian winds. At prefent, we know’ that ‘the fun, when it is verticah has fo much power’ in all the Torrid Zone, that it ftrongly attraéts the vapours of the¢arth, and that they melt into rain So that that: feafon; which ought, .one would think, to be the mof fuitry, and to pro- } Notwichftanding what is he-e advance by our author, modern difcoveries have prov- ‘ed that the figure of the earth is really juft what Polybius fuppofed it to be, tho’ in his folution of it hé was miftaken ; and very re- markable ic is, that. this fagacious writer fhould thus have fuppofed what the theory of Newton, and rhe late obfervations of French ‘ mathematicians in different parts of the earth, have demonftrated, viz. that the figure of the earth “is. fpheroidical; i. ¢, that the ‘parts under the Equator are farther. removed from the center than thofe under the Poles, that the force of gravity with which they are attrated tothe center, diminithed by their éentrifugal force, may be fufficient to keep thofe parts in a balance with thofe that: lie under the Poles, fo that upon the fappofition . of all the parts of the earth having the fame degrees of denfity, the earth's furface at the Equator muft be above 17 miles more-diftanc from the‘center than at the Poles: In con- fequence of this fperoidical figure of theearth, pendulums of the fame length move quicker towards the Poles where the gravity is ftrongeft, than towards. the Equator where they are lefs impelled to the-center. And experiments moft carefully made, fhow the “earth to be raifed in the middle betweén the Poles as mich a& Sir Ifadc found it by his computation, Newton Princ. L. UA. Prop, 319, 20: : ws duce

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sh. ovExplanation of a Paflage int Cathllus: 95 ducé’2 feerching fummer, forms, on the contrary, @‘kind of rainy winter which refrethes the air and occafions the over- flowing of the rivérs. Eratofthenes, however, ‘muft have changed his opinion on this fubjeét ; for Heraclides, inobis Allegories of Homer, quotes the defcrip- tion of the Zones which he gives in verfe, where he fpeaks of the Torrid Zone, as of a dry, fandy region, always fcorched by the rays of the fun, CV. Explanation of the tenth Epigram of Ca- tullus, * One may pérceive with what precipi- tation Jofeph Scaliger difcuffed literary enquities by his expianation of the tenth $Epigram of Catullus. ‘This poet, juft returned from accompanying the Prztor to Bithynia, who went thither to take- the command, mentioned in compan the ftate of that province, and the little which he had made of the voyage on ac- count of the felfithnefs and il nature of the Pretor. A Lady who was prefent anfWered him thus: tcerte tamen, inquiit, quod illic . Natum dicitur effe, comparafli Ad leGicam bomines. - Scaliger, inftedd of thefe word¢, Natum dicitur effe, pretends that we fhould read Natum dicitur are. And.on this ere he difplays.a great deal of ufelefs erudi- tion, and notat all to the purpofe. He pretends, that he who accompanied the proconfuls into the provinces, made two kinds of advantage; the one proceeding from the employment which they held in the province; the other from. their own induftry; and that this laft. was © fyled «es natum } He applies this inter- pretation, to the paflages in Catullus, and thus paraphrafes the Lady’s words : £* If.you have gained. nothing: by. the exercife of. your office, at leaft, you have made profit enough, by your fagaci and induftry, and have acquired enoug of that money which jis called es matumy to be able to hire eight bearers to carry -

. Onur modern. Nabobs would probatly conftrue...this .prrvate trade. this. being one ‘kind of emolument, which, like the Romans, our Englith Pro-confuls_ receive in.the pro- vinces, befides.the profits that.attend their public employments... Leica alfo would by -them be tranflated Palanguin, a mode of lux- ‘ury which the Afiatics feem to have derived ftom the Bithynians, tho’ they have not yet -imported them and their fwarthy bearers into Pore 309 your littern.””: ‘This expofition fo highly pee Scaliger's critical vanity, nth e has repeated it in Ris notes ‘on’ Mani= linus, book iii. ver. 439. This isfeeking fora myftery where there isnone, andiper> . plexing a paffage'inftead of explainingit; and this had ‘no need of explanation, the= iny fufficiently cleay. ‘This lady fays to Catullus, ‘* How little profit foever you may have drawn from Bithynia, »at Jeaft you have brought from therice'fome litter carriers; as the firft invention. and ufe of them came from that country.” LeGicarum ufum primi dicuntur inveniffe Bithyni. Thefe are'the words of tne fcholiaft on Juvenal, “Sat, i. ver. revs. and to confirm it, he ‘adds this paflage from ‘Cicero: Nam una hand mos of Bithynia régibus vel:i leica, id eft, oc- tophora. ‘This is taken from his fifth oration ‘againft’ Verret. “Juvenal (Sat. ix. ver.142.) fpeaks againin this manner of the litters in his time: 6 6 Et duo fortes. 23 De grege Majorum, quime cervice locate. Securum jubeant clamofo infiftere Circo. And when the cares of Rome to plea- fure yield, see Two Mcefian flaves thould bear me to - the freld, ce. HARVEY. Thus fome litter-carriers came from Meehia, from whence are defcended the Mysans of Afia, adjoining’ to Bithynia. I formerly made this. obfei vation in my notes on Manilius, in the year 16795 and then of all the commentators on Ca- tullus whom I had feen, who are very numerous, no one had given. the true meaning ,of that paffige, eafy as itis. Five years after, there appeared a com- mentary of ‘Ifaac. Voffius on the fame ‘poet,.in which he explained the. true fenfe of it.) But. what he fays of the origin of litters, which he fuppofes. to have come from the Indies, does ‘not'a~ pree with what Catullus fays. of them re, as he attributes the invention. of them to the Bithynians. This difagree- mentmay however be reconciled, by fay- ing that the paffages of Catullus, Cicero, and the Scholiaft on Juvenal, did not ‘mean litters in general, but only thofe which were carried by eight men,.and which were.called Ofophora. “ re Brafil <xv20d evas not fo called from the province of that name, but the pro- wince, frog the wood, : ° I was one day in ¢o y: with fome learned men, where the difcourfe happen- ‘ed fo'furh on the original of the name of Brafil wood, and no one doubted its” yee Jes » ; being

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gto being forcalird from the provinee of that game,.where it abounds. When I op- poted this. tentiment, and maintained,- a ‘the contrary, that the wood does not rive its name from the province, but the prevince, from the.-wood, 1 was treated.as a conceijed perfon; full of the fpirit.of contradifiion, and as, onewho took pleafure ip difttinguihing himéelf by the novelty of his, opinions. I replied, that my-opinion, thougiy it might feem hew, was neverthelels the-t:uth of the faét.; that I defired no favour, buthoped they would do me juftice; that I:had Barros, ‘ja Portuguefe writer, for my youchor,.. who, in his colleétion, Decad. a. be 5. ch. 2; fays exprefily, that ‘the country of Brafil derixes its name from the wood fo called ;*’. that to this au- thoritys Iba? alfa much Rronger to add, and which puts thematter beyond ail-difpute, viz. that of the Rabbi David Kimchi, who in his commentary onthe Book of Chronicles, and-in his treatife om-the Roots of Woyds, fas; that ‘¢ the Wood calles in {csiptute Algumaiim, is the fame that we call Braf/:” from whence it follows, that Brail-wood was fo named at the time of that Rabbi, which wasJong before the difcovery of the country of Bialil. ea: * CvIitl. _ What is. the caufe why fome diflempers sare contagisus, others not fo? ‘Neither naturalats nor ficians in- form us what is the that renders fome diftempers contagious; rather. than wany others that arenot fo. .The gout, the ftone, the falling-ficknefs, the apo- y, abe not communicated by fociety : on the contrary, the plague, the dyfcn- tery, the bloody, flux, « kinds: of » are eafily fpread, and make mane’ by their contagion. rom wheuce arrfes this difference which pro- @ucés fuch terrible effeéts? I think 1 have difcovered one caufe of ity which, though little apparent, docs net how ever féem to me the le's probable. It may be said, in general, that all con- . tagious difeafes produce worms contain- ed in fome:impothames, carbuncies, or fputtules, without or within the body, fome more and fome lefs; and of .dit- ferent kinds. I. sill not, here enquire into the caufe of the produétion of thefe worms, ‘but the effeét:is common, cca- - ftant, and often tifible. Now weknow that this: fort of worms, by a revolu- tion that is natural to them, is changed ‘into: imall fies. This is done in a very litte time, and im infinite numbers, Brazil-wood.~-Caufes of Contagion. Rauf? mifiaken. And as foon as thefe infects, can make ule of their wings, they immediately {pring forth, and they fiyaway. Then fpreading themfelves on all fides, and entering into the bodies of men by.refpi- ration, they carry thither the poifon that bred. them, and communicate ‘the cor- ruption;out of which they iffued.* From hence. it happens, tirat + fires kindled ia different places are often . fuccefsfully made ufe ‘of in great contagious, ‘'b which the air is fought to be purged. It is indeed purged, but not in the man- ner commonly imagined,. by rarefying it, and alteriag its.conttitution ; but by confuming, thefe winged infeéts with which the air is filled, who being at- tracted by the brighthels of the fire, burn themfelves in. the flames, as moths do in a candlé.. A quite contrary caufe may” B tear the fame’ effects, I mean. the rolt, which. kills and deftroys thefe flies, if not totally, at lezft the greatelt part of them: For fométimés their numbers are fo great, that many éfcape th? rigour of the cold, and ftill cherifh the contagion; as it happened in’ the “d/ack, pHfilente, which laid wafte Denmark, and ‘thé neighbouring countries, fome years ago. (Tobe continued.) Mit. Urnsan, : Y your correfpondent Mr. Roufe, Vol, xxix. -p. 126. lias either made fome miftake in his tranferiprof the title age Of the book in Mr. White's Cata- ogee, which he fappofes'to have been inted “before that art is faid to have en invented, or the titlé itfelf is faulty, and if it be fo in one inftance, it may in another.—For anno millefima quadragin- tefiino primo certainly make 104% (front wadraginta, forty) not 1401; as Mr. Route ‘tranfletes it, and a$ ‘it’ is after- ‘wards exprefied im figures. Als then it thould have been quadrincentéfivio pri- mmo, ftom quadringenti, four handed. I ami‘ therefore incliiied ‘to think that the word ingéntéfimo has been omit- ted, which will fix the date of this book at m4gie In the fame vol. p. 435,-the Duke * According to this theéry, how can we account for many contagious diftempers, as «thé fmall- pox, mieazlés, &¢. ‘being never communitated more than ence’? “See Dr. Hodges's- account of the plaghes™* °° - : + Enftead of being fatutary, this experi- ment’ provéd ‘extremiély fatal in the’ plague of London’; '166¢, for with ‘the sbovementioti- ed vidw, ‘great fires being kindled one oN in af] the principal freets; ic appeared chat more perfons died that night than in any eee e

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Remedy for. the Stone.—K:. of P's Litter-to, the Pretender out of Cumberiarid is faid to have landed at Dover,. Sept.. 2, from his,tour through Denmark andGermany, though it iscer- tain he:never was there; by miftake, I fuppofe, for the Duke of Gloncefter.; and the fame miftake is, copied in the Indes. 6. 2 Cito, A new Remedy for the STONE. Re Drops. Take of fixt vegeta- blé alkali, and pure clean quick lime, of each a potnds mix, and put them irito a glazed veflel ; pour on them a pint and a half of water; Jet them ftand feven or eight days, firring them daily with ah iron or glafs rods: then add’2-pint more.of -water ; and, when continued a day or two longer, pour off the ‘clear liquor into a bottle for afe. Take a well fed pullet, of eight or ten months old, boil it in ‘three pints.of water; to three half pints, with afew common pot-herbs, but ho fait; when cool; tkim'‘off all the fat, To half a pint of this decoction, add-twelve of the above drops ; divide it into two-equal portions; take one at ‘ten in the morn- ing; the ‘other at eight in the. evening, increafing:two drops to each dofe daily, till the number amounts to fifty or -fixty.; fome can hear fixty orfeventy, or more ; others ‘not forty. Hence the beft rule is, to Be guided by the: ficknefs and loathing produced, which, if any way confiderable, the dofe muft be diminifh- ed to what the‘ patient can bear with eafe and fafety. ; As this medicine aés very flowly and gradually, the long ufe of. it is apt to produce weaknefs in the fomnach and inteftines, and, fometimes, of the whole fyftem, by which means the medicine will lofe its effeé&t to prevent this, it will. be neceflary, an hour before each dofe, to take one dram of fimarouba root, in fine powder. In this manner the patient muff ga on for fix or feven weeks, at which time he muft leave off the medicine, for gight.or ten days; and, during this recefs, let him takea wine giafs of the following’ ting&ture ;—On two ounces of Peruvian bark, \in powder, pour a quart ef red gers let them. ftanid forty-eight hgurs a warm ‘place, and often thook.;; de- cantithe wine, and pour on the refduum a-pintof water, which, after, handing twenty-four hoursy file, and add. we the wines!” « O143% siwngidtot bas AVRTIR obfervance of this regimes, I have known perfectly to-cure fone) and greatly félieve-others, whet alangaear ténuance-of the alkali alan¢,: has weadle ‘ ened. the: Romach: fo,much,. that’ it has been-obliged to be left off} even when it promifed to .be of lervice; but by. this method every evil is endeavoured tobe guarded. again; here, pacticular at- teation.is paid to the impending weak- nels, as well.as to the effects of the me- dicine, which, like moft others, in dong paper $ pace tp your Highnefs, tor having at length fug- nifhed him, with, a fibiett woithy of his pen, which has ali the requifites of an epick .potm,, except .au happier: event. However, though fortune.was your fog, G— B—,' and.not, your Highnefs,, ase the only lofers by it, as the difficulties you have undergone have only ferved to difcower thofe talents and virtues which have gamed. you the admiration of. al mankind, and.even,tne efteem of thole amongft your enemies in. whom -eweny fpark of virtue ig.nottorally extin®. ; *¢.. The Princefs, who.has all the ou- riofity of her fex, is defirous, of fering the features of a.hero. of whom. the has -beatd fo much;. fo that your Highnels has itin your power to, blige, both ber tune. by aud -me,, in fending, 11%, your, othe Count-D—, wba, is an his A Berlin ».avd be affured, .1. faall ‘it. thi mak, valuable. acquiition. 1 evsr mater on oe ne an

as weg Awe ere

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3 ¥2 +. You ar€ frequently: the fubje&t of any converfation with Marfhal K—th, whom I have had the good fortune to .‘ engage in» my fervice ; and; pefides his - confummate, knowledge. in, military af- fairs, he is poffefled of a thoufand amia- ble qualities; yet-‘nothing endears him .fo miuch to me, as his entertaining the fame*icntiments that I do ‘with regard to your Royal Highnefs. “* Were my frtuation different from whatiitis, I fiould give you more.” P——m, Fan. 12, 1747: Letter feni by a Committee of the Sup- porters of the Bill of Rights ‘to the Hon. the Commons Houfe of Affembly of South Carelina. Io the Hon. the Commons Houje of Af- fembly of South Carolina. ' “© Gentlemen, « we are direéted by the fociety, Supportersof the Bill‘of Rights, to tranfmit to you their-thanks for the ‘very honourable teftimony you have ‘at once given of your ‘own ‘featinients, ‘ and of your d4pprobation of their conduct. - 4©“Phe fame fpirit of union and “mu- tual affiftance, which diétated your vote “im our favour, ahimates this fociety. “We fhall ever confider the righits of ali our” fellow-fubjeéts throughout ‘the Britith Empire in’ England, Scotland, ‘Tveland, and Ametica, as’ ftones of one “arch on which the happinefs and “fecu- rity of the whole ‘are founded. Such ‘would have been our ep of action, “if the fyftem of defpotifm, ‘which tas been adopted, had been more arthuliy conducted; and we fhould as readily have affociaied in the defence of your rights as our own, had they been ‘fepa- rately attacked. *¢ But providence has mercifully al- lotted tu i raved: hearts weak under- ftandings : the attack has been made by the fame men, at the fame time,” on ‘both together, and will ferve only to draw us clofer in one great band of mu- tual friendthip and fupport. “66 Whilft Te Norman troops of the fir William’ the Englith in fub- jection, his. Englith foldiers were em- ‘ployed to fecure the obedience of ihe lormans. This rhanagement has been too often Tepeated how to fucceed. ~ * © There was a'time:when‘ Scotland, ‘though then a fepdrate and divided na- ‘tion, conld avoid the fnare, and rvefufed, i goed their own Stuarts, to-eriflave ° , y ancient: enémics.. The ‘chains wipe Bigieod and Scotland:difdained 9 er each other, England and | 7 ‘foige Lester. from Bill of Rights-to.the Catolinians. «. _ confequence,

America fhall never confent to-farnith. Property is the natural pgheeen hitherte given up a8 totally. indefenfible, Good men ‘among ourfelves continually lament it, and foreigners reproach us with it, as the great’ blemith of -our government /and ‘nation, Therefore; to eafe. our -own minds a‘latle‘on this head, ‘and Jefica as much/as.tmay the appartat founda- * Dom

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Libels confidered in 0 nto Light - £78ii for fuch reproaches, I fhall endea- Wour to fhew that the evil, though an evil indeed, is not fo great as it is com- “monly fuppofed to be. 1. In the firft place, many of the a- bufive papers and painplets, with whith - our preffes fwarm, are not in faét-fatires: on the perfons at whom they feem to be pointed. For when the reflections are ‘ evidently undeferved, falfe, and ground- “Jefs, they recoile upon the author, and are really fatires on himfelf ; every read- ‘er looks through the outward appearance of words and fentences, and. perceives the writer faying clearly, I am a falfe ‘ twitnefs; I am a liar; my heart is fuil of malice, and to gratify that malice I awifh to do what mifchief I can to the reputation of my neighbour; and I am Sool enough to imagine I am now fatiri- ' ging bin. As fuch a writer deferves all this, it is not fo much amifs that he fhould be allowed thus to expofe him- : Self? 2, Many of thefe abufive papers and pamphlets are not fo much evils as the punifbments of evil, and merely retribu- tive juftice.—You fee, it may be; a Pitt or a Wilkes, a Righy or a Norton, {cut- filoufly treated. Do not be grieved. Remember what fharp knives they car- - ty about them, and with what mercilefs inveétive they are wont to cut up their adverfaries:—Y ou fee, perhaps, a whole miniftry abufed man by man, charged with wicked views they never had, with afe motives that never biaffed them, and with horrid crimes they never com- mitted.. Your goddheartednefs is of- fended at this apparent injaftice. Bit imake yourfelf eaiy. It is only now their turn to receive what they formerly gave liberally to their predeceffors in office, when they wére themfelves the oppofiti- on.—You fee a whole oppofition, jointly and feverally abufed as faftious, traito- tous, tebéllious, &c. Do not be con- cerned at this; for when their leaders were itt power, they treated all oppofiti- onsin the fame manner. In fhort, when bur parties and partizans tear one anc- thers characters with the utmoft rage and violence; an honeft man may fay of them, as one did when he faw twd. known bully-boxers fighting and bela- - bourifig each other: Pray do not part them; they both deferve it ali; none of thé blows dre amifs but thofe that fall 3. The tnoft dangerous of defamation is that which is whifpered about private- ly, wherever the laws, fully executed, inki& fevere penalties on publifhing it. Gent, Mag. June, 1779: 5 | 313 For a fcandal in this way goes On in- creafing in a geometrical proportion, till that which was at firft but a peccadilo, is Magnified'to a crime of the moft enor- mous fize; jwhile-all the defeéts, ob- ferved from time to time in the firft in- vention, are fupplied, and every impro- _bability leffened by new. jnyented cir- cumftances, till the whole becomes a re- gular confiftent tale, to the trath of wiiich fio’ reafonable man cain refule his affent. But. with us, a fcandal in its infancy gets into the papers; that fixes its fize, and’ it carinot afterwards well grow bigger. It dppears with all its original defeéts, incohgruities, and im- probabilities, and that prevents its gain« ing credit. 4. A whifpered f{candal may never come to your knowledge, and yet do you great mifchlef, as (not having heard of it) you are not upon your guard a- ainft it,, and take no fteps to prevent Its ill effeéts, or efface the impreffion it is making to your difadvawtage. But a fcandal printed, lies before you, ‘and though the author is anctiyntous, and ou cannot call him petfonally td ac- count, you have a fair opportunity of anfwering and refuting his falfehoods, and thereby in fome degtee fecuring your. own reptitation. an. 5. Many pieces inténded for /atires, are in the eye of an intelligent reader, ab{fe- lute panegyricks. Fort when muck malite appears in 4 writer, arid a great defire to defame, and yet all he, fays amounts to little, *tis a fure fign, that the character he aims to deftroy fs not really very bad. I do not perfonally know either the D: of GC——n, Lord R———w; Sir Jof. M——y; or Mr. Sheriff 7—“—7; but when I fee the whole ’herd ‘of party feriblers on both fides; brimful of vé- nom, repeating the famé tedious tale in various.forms for years topéther , that one has kept a miftrefs and running horfes; another is no oratot, and is fkilled.in the culture of turnips; a third draws part of his income from hogs; and a fourth hops tipeh one leg: I amr, apt to conclude thofe-charaéters do not afford much matter for deira&tion ; I honour the peffons fuch writers would have nie defpife, and I defpife the impo- tent malice of fuch writers, : 6 Al} thofe fatirical papers that pald between the fcribblers themfelves, in per- forial abufe of one ahother, onght to be; deduéted from the fuppofed evil of the’. Prefs-licentiouffiefs. Theirmutual lafh- ings may tend to their mutual reforma- tion: for a fatytift never feels for ano ’ ther"s

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914 ther’s charaéter till his own has been abufed. If they are not reformed, they deferve to be ftill farther punithed in the fate manner ; and where is the harm, if thefe affaflins of reputation employ their poifoned pens in murdering that of each other ? As S:wift faid of the duel- lifts, what hurt is it to civil fociety, that bullies and bravoes fhould have a way of their own of’ cutting one another's throats ? Thus, IT hope, I have im fome degree fhewn what I undertcok to thew, that this evil among us, is not, on the whole, of fach magnitude as fome reprefent it : and “(fince the /icentioufne/s of the prefs eannot be cured without endange-niy its liberty) I hope we may learn, fest thefe confiderations, to bear it with lefs mur- muring, and be thankful it is no worle. PAUL, A fummary of the Tria) ix the Court of K— B—, Ful) 5, 1779; wherein The Rt, Hon. Ld. Gr osveENOR was Plaintiff, and His R. H. the D— of C— Defendant, for unnecefary com- munication between the Defendant and the Plaintiff's Wife; the Damages for aubich were laid at 109,000 £- ME: Wedde:burn. who opened. the caufe, particularly inffled on the defendant's rank, as an aggravation of his crime. He inftanced feveral cafes to fupport his argument, and then methodi- cally ftated the fais. He fet forth, that his R. H. in his excurfionsto Tow- cefter in Northamptonfhire, Coventry, Marford Hill, Whitchurch in Shrop- fhire, Chefter, and St. Alban’s, in order to meet Lady..G r, afflumed, at dif- fexent times, the names of "Squire. Mor- * gan, “Squire Jones, the Farmer, &c. that he fometimes. appeared as a young "fquire. difordered in_ his fenfes, and ufed to be called at the inns the Fool, particularly at. Whitchurch, where a noife being heard. in pafling from. one room to the other, it was.difregarded by the people of the houfe; who taid, it was only the Fool: and that he bad tsken down, with. him one.Gettimg his fervant, who wenthy.thenameof Trufty, | for the purpofe of carrying on his in- trigue with the greater fecurity: that they had witneffes ta prove, that Lady G—r was feveral times carried to the back door of the D. of C’s houfe in the Park, where the went in, and ftaid for fome time. That the D. had. traced her from place to piace» and from inn to inn; and: that his cuftom was, to chalk the door of the room where he . was alfo a convincing argunent Trial between Ld. G. ‘and bis R. Hf. the D. of C. lay, that her ladythip might know where to chufe her chamber in, the fame inn. That at St. Alban’s, the door being broke. open, difcovered the D, fitting with his wwaiftcoat Joofe, and the lady with her Drefden unbuttoned, and. her breafts wholly bare and expofed; that previous to his calling witneffes to prove this, and many other important fatts, he read to the court feveral letters writ- ten by hats 4 to the D. of C. and from the D. of C. to her ladythip. Thefe were fuch, he faid, as could cn pafs between perfons who had laid afide all referve. He then referred in fupport of this aflertion, to the paflage share the Duke mentions, with tuch tran{port, the incident of the dear little Couch,* and faid that this cireumftance, as it would be fupported by the evidencé, would leave very little doubt in. the minds of thecoust, of Lord Grofvenor’s difhonor being compleat, and obferved, that the /eeming Amplicity. of the ftile, their wilt. He then acquaiated.the Cow't Lord. G.. difcovered this epiftolary Correfpondence, His lordthip meeting with one of his fervants, near Chefter, going with a letter from: his-lady to put into the pol, ftopt him: to: go upon another errand, taking the letter, and faying he would put itin himfelf; he then bad. the cu- riofity to open it, which he found to be the firft letter from Lady G—— to his R. H. when, after having taken a copy of it, he put it into the poft, and inter- cepted all the reft, After Mr. Wedderburn had read the letters, He entered into obfervations on: their contents. And, as. the words mu- tual feelings were mentioned in one of * In_one of the D's. letters, which he wrote to: Eady G. from on beard the Venus in the Channel, he tells her ladythip, ** I got to fupper about 9 o'clock but T could not eat, and fo got to bed about 1o——T thén ‘prayedfor you, my dearcft love, Riffed' your deareft litelé hair, and Yaye down and dreame of you; had ‘you on the dear litle couch ten thoufand:times.in my arms, kiffing you, and - telling you how much & loved and adored you, and you feented pleafed; but, alas, when I awoke I found-ic. all delufion !— The inference which the council would draw. from lence, feems ill founded. In _ this open ¢ommunication,of fentiment, be- tween lovers, had-any thing more than.is “ expreft ever, paft, itis without a doubt, thac it wou'd not, on this fair occafion, have been concealed, ; : ; her

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Trial between Ld.G. and his R. H. the D. of C. her Ladythip’s letters, he afked, what mutual feelings fhould pafs between a married woman and any other perfon but her hufband?’ He fhiriher faid, « That it would be given the Jury in evidence that his R had affumed the figtious name of Morgan; # country ‘[quire, pot very found in his nuderflanding ; that he had taken downa fervant with him for the purpofe of fie cilitating this amour.” He ther fore atked, ** What pain of mind it muft cof his R ii for one of his elevated ftation to affociate himfelf for feveral days. with his own fervant, pafs under a fi€tious name, and forego all thofe honours and difiinétions uival paid to hig rank, ‘if he had nor this dif- Honourable feheme in purfuit?”’ After finifhing thefe obfervations, he concluded by informiig the Jury, “© That they had two principle objects for their obfervation. ‘The firft was the very great quality of the defendant, and the fecond the itreparable injury fultain- ed by the plaintiff. As to the former, he faid, they had it now in their power to convince his R. H. and through him, the laws of Englarid in the hands of a Britith Jury, are‘ fuperior to all fituati- ons and connections. And as to the latter, that no given fum could’bé a re- eompence for the lofs of every thing dear to a Britifh Peer ; and that the damages, though they might appear high, yet, as rio other _punifhment could be inflicted, he hoped no part of them would be re- mitted. ‘* And now, gentlemen, con- tinued the learned and eloquent Counfel, I fall leave you in poffeffion of thefe fen- timents, and daly dire& one thing more to your confideration; which js, that you have now before you the chaftity and honour of ‘the fex, the fan&tity of marriage, and the cuftody of Britith morals, and that your determination will feverely operate in each of thefe. The wisnetes were then ‘called, the fi ft of whom was, The Rev, Mr, Taylor, chaplain to Ld. G. who proved the marriage of Lord G. with Lady G. on the.19th of July, 1764, and that a always, till this un- fortunate affair, lived in mutual af- féétion. Elizabeth Sution,| Sérvarit to the Countefs of Dunhoff—knew Lady G— faid that in May 1769; the Countefs being out of town, Lady G. came fre- quently in the evening about {even or eight o’clock, and that a gentleman, whom tht called her brotlier, met her - every man of rank. in the re that . “Ch 315 there; that they. always went up ftairs and fat upon the couch in the drawing room ; that they never came together, nor went together; that they never ftuid later’ than ten or eleveh o'clock ; that one evening, as the gentleman wag going away, the hufband of this witnefs happening to be in the hall, afked her if the knew who the gentleman was, fhe told him Lady G's. brother; that he an- fwered, ** No, you fool, that he is not, I am fure, for chat gentleman is the D. of C.”"—She faid that the couch did re- mein and continue in the drawing-tooin at all the feveral times of their coming. On being cro/s-examined, the faid, that Lady G. always came in her own coach, and attended by her own férvants:— That until the hufband of this witnefs gave her caufe té think otherwife, the always verily believed that the gentle- man was Lady G's brother. —That fhe nevér obfirved the door to be locked, when fhe “went up at.any time, when they were there. rf _ Samuel Sution,] Hufvand to the laft witnefs, confirmed his wife’s evidence, Fobn. Bourne, poftilion to the Coun- tefs of Duntioff, had lived with her thieé years and a quarter.—Remem- bered to have feen the D. of C. at his lady’s houfe; that he was afked by his H, to carry a letter to Lady G. and not to tell lis own lady of it-—He was to take the letter as if it was from the ~ Counte’s of Dunhoff—which he accord- ingly did, ‘arid'the Duke pave him half ‘a guinea for his trouble. Thomas Dennifon, Lady G’s footman, vemémbered that in the month of May, 1769, his’ Lady was ‘at Craven-hill, near Paddington, and came from thence frequently to the Countcfs of Dun- hoff’s.— That he had often attended Lady Grofvenor to St. James’s Palace ; that.he had feen her go aciofs the court- yard, into the Park, and go in at the D. of C’s back door in the Park, at- tended by the Courtefs of Diinhoff, and that upon thefe occafions, which wee genera:ly at about’ nine or ten o’clock. in the eveaing, it was Lady Grofvenor's cuftom to difcharge the coach, and or- der it to come’again in juft two hours after; after which fhe returned through the Park ‘the fame way ta her coach ; that this happened four or five times.— That about the latter end of September, 1769, he had attended Lady G. to Kenfington-gardens, where the D. of frequently met her:—That in thé month of OStober, he attended his Lady into Cheshire, That “after his a iia ' “Lady's

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316 Lady's arrival there, he obferved fhe walked out in very dirty weather, and in very dirty fields; that he remember- ed Foing once todeliver a meffage to her, and faw her with a man, fitting down or lyiyg down, he could not tell which ; that upon feeing him, fhe fuddenly got up and. ran towards him: and that he verily believed the man to be the D. of Cumberland ; the man feemed to. fkulk behind a'tree. That on the arf of December laft he attended his Lady at St. Alban’s, where fhe was that day on her return to London ; that about eleven at night, being a-bed, he was called up by Stevens, the butler, who told him there was a man Jock'd up with their Lady, and that he was to break open the door, which he did accordingly ef- fe&t with an iron poker; that when the door was broke open, he faw the D, of C. ftanding in the middle of the room, dreft ; that Lady G. flew to the oppo- fite door, which led to another room ; that the D. was buttoning his waiftcoat, which had been open.—That Lady G's neck was naked ; that the D. ftood very much confufed ; that as foon as he had got into another room, he faid, Take notice,, I was not in Lady G's room ; to which Stevens made anfwer, No, you are not now, but you was this minute ; ta which the D. replied, he would take his Bible oath he was not in my Lady’s room, “This witnefs obferved the bed to be very much tumbied, but not the boitter. On being crofs examined, faid, that wren he attended his Lady to Kenfing- ton-gaidens, Lady Carolina Vernon was ofwaily with her. Edward Bennet, another of Lady G's fooimen, confirmed. the evidence of the Jat witnefs, as to the croffing the Park to the D. of C’s, and alfo as to the Sr. Alban’s affair, with this addition, that he put his ear to the key-hole of the door, and could plainly diftinguifh two voices, whifpering to each other, upon which Stevens and this witneis broke the door open. Robert Gedding, porter to the D. of C. faid, that he sad feen Lady G3 ac- knowledged that he did a:tend the D. of C. to St.. Alban’s in Ofober, 1769; that they lay at St. Alban’s, and went forward next day through Stony-Strat- ford, lay at Towcetter next night; re- membered that be chalked the Duke's chamber door, and (aid it was Kis ufual cuftont to defo; faid that the D. was crefied plain like a country farmer, and this: witnels in the fame manner,: and Trial between Ld. GC. and bis.R. H. the D. of C: paiied for fuch kind of people; that ad arnhill, a family went by, whom they found afterwards to -have been Lord G's. They then went to Chefter, and from thence to Eden-hall; where his R. H. went to vifit Lady G. and repeated his vifits frequently. That his R. H. never went into Lord G’s houle-at all, nor even into the garden, except on the fir ft day, but always faw her on the out- fide of the garden rails: that they lay on the Monday at Marford-heath, faw Lady G. on Tuefday, lay that night a- gain at Marford-heath, and returned to London the next day; that the occafion of their fudden retuin was, this witnefs thought that his R. H. was known at Marford. heath, and therefore advifed him by all means to return to town im- mediately. Said pofitively that his R, H. did not at any time go into the houfe of Lord G. remembered that he received a parcel undire&ted from Lady G. in the month of December, in anfwer to a fimilar parcel which he carricd down to her from the D. of C. He being croft examined Said, that until their arrival at Barnhill he did not in truth know that the D's journey at all related to Lady G. declared that at every vifit the D. made to Lady G. this witnefs was prefént, and in fight the whole time ; that at St. Alban’s, on the aik of Decenrber, he obfeived a man in @ blue coat boting holes in the door of Lady G’s bed-chamber, and acquainted the Duke with it. That at the time: of breaking open the door, the witnefs was in bed but got up dire&tly ; that when he came info the bedchumber, my Lady was gone, and the Duke was not there, that the condition the bed-was in was if one perfon had been ftting upon it, and no more ; merely the preffure of. Jiting upon it, and no more. ~ Sarah Richardfon, Vived fervant at: Whitchurch in Oétober laft, at the Red-- lion-inn ; that Lady G. came there one day in that month with her fervants ; that fhe defired to fee the chambets,: which this witnefé fhewed her; that the was fhewn one of the beft rooms: in the’ houfe, which the did not like ; that the afterwards went thro’ the ref of they roams, and made choice: of the--worft ; that fome of the windows were broke ;- that’ fhe refmembered two gentlemen were there, who were; as fhe has -fince difeo-' véred, the D. of C. and Mr. Gédding ; that the D. paffed fot @ “fquire, one: {quire Morgan, who was a little feolith, and-rambled about under the care of the » other gentleman, who wert by the ~~

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of Farmer Trofty ; that fre remember- ed she young “fquire’s chamber door had a chalk: mark upon its and the likewife: remembered the room Lady G. made choice of, was if the fame paflage, and nearly oppofite to the young ‘fquire’s ainbey. 7 That Lady G. went to bed about nine, and that about twelve, this witned being in bed heard a ruftling of cloatha, in the paflage, and a door open and fhut again; fhe got out of bed, and would: — have gone down, but recollecing that it might perhaps be the fool, apd that he might do her a mifchief, the thought it moft prudent to go to bed ‘spain, which fhe accordingly did. That when the witnefs made the young ‘fquire’s bed the next morning, it was moft exceed- ingly tumbled and there were, fhe did not know bow tmhany pins in the bed, That thé obferved nothing particular in Lady G’s bed. ; ’ Yobn Fones, Said that he kept the inn on Marford Hill; that the D. of C, carhe there in the month of O&ober latt, and ftayed feveral nights. That he went by the name of farmer Jones; and had another perfon with him called farmer Trufty. Matthew Stevens, butler to Lord G. was at St. Alban’s, at the White Heart ifm, on the 21f of December laft, at- tending his lady and family to Chethire; faid that they came in about half paft five o'clock ; that upon arriving thete, he made enquiry and found there were two gentlemen in the houfe, one of whom he had ftrong reafons to believe was the D, of C. ‘That in the evening he took an opportunity to bore two holes in the door of the bed-chamber his lady hed made choice of, and ftopped therh with paper; that he then went down, attended his lady at fupper, and carried in a dith of meat to the table; that his lady retired to her chamber before nine o’thock ; that having fetched his brother John Stevens, who kept the Wool-pack, he foon after went up and took the pa- pets from the holes in the door, and ap- plying his ear, very plainly heard two voices, one of which he knew to be La- dy G’s, he could not however diftin- guith any words. That John Andrews, thé groom, bringing him word the D. had ordered a chaife to be ready at two in the morning, he determined to lofe no time, and therefore refolved to break the door open immediately, and he did fo with an iton poker. That tlie door broke at the hinges, and not at the lock ;~ and'the fist object he faw was Lady G,

” grial between La. G: and bis Re Ho 1b8-D. of C.

a ny 317 efideavourifig to efcape into the next room : in doing fo, the fell down; that this witnefs affifted her in getting up. That her Ladythip then faid, ** ¥ fop« pofe you have done a very fine thin how.” ‘That this witriefs anfwered her, “< My Lady, I am fincerely forry for the o¢eafion.” . ‘To which the faid, “ f am fure you are.” That the Duke gor -Into the next Poom, and then faid, ** take notice I am not in Lady G's room; te which this witnefs made anfwer, ¢* no, you are not how, but you was this mi- nuté ;"" to which the Duke replied, that he wonld take his bible oath he was not in es | lady"s room.” Thatthe D. was atked by this witnefs who he was? To which he made no anfwer. That this witnefs called in the reft of the fervants, who all declared they knew him to be the D. of C. upon which the D. was told that his perfon was very fecure, and that he might go wherever he pteafed, That the bed was very much tumbled, as much as a bed could be: That the fleets were exceedingly tumbled, atd a dent on the farther fide of the bed, Hike the impreffion of a head. " ’ Several other witneffes were called on, in fucceffion ; who all cotroborated the difeovery at St. Alban’s, which feetned the principal point aimed at by the plain- tiff’s council, The council for the defendant, after the plaintiff's council had finifhed their arguinents, and the evidence on the *be- Half of the plaintiff was gone through, declared that laying the damages at one hundred thoufind pounds was exceffive and immoderate ‘The plaintiff's coun- cil anfwered the objcétion, by giving fe- veral inftances where damages to thaf a. miount had been obtained for offences’ which were not of fo heinous a-nature as’ criminal converfation with a ncighbour’s wife; and the proprinty of laying the damages at that fum was argued, be- caufe it was an injury done to an infe-" rior ; which circumftance, alone, great-’ ly aggravated the offence. d Mr. Dunning alfo infifted, that the ptoof which had been made was far’ from being pofitive, nay, that it was not even circuunitantial ; and that if it were admitted upon, this occafion, it would open a door for many artifices that might be prattifed upon the unwary, by artful women in combination with their huf- bands. After pyatening upon the im-: propriety and danger o albeoing fuch proofs, which he did with great energy, be then produced feveral exculpatory witneffes, ameng whom was the a o

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4gi8 of the White-hart-inn, at St. Alban’s, who fad, that.upon her coming into Lady G’s room, the hed appeared to her as if it had been fat-upon, bui did. not appear at all as it it had been lain upon; that Lady G. app:ared much in the fame drefs as when fhe came. in; that her. head drefs did not appear at all dif- ordered. Several of the fervacts confirmed her evidence. Mr. Skinner, {poke next and fupport- ed his brother Dunning’s arguments ve- ry forcibly. Allowing for argument's fake, that her ladyfhip might have been guilty, he faid, he had feveral witneffes to prove that his lordhhip was the firit violator of the rights of marriage. Thefe witnefles being fworn, they were called upon to prove that his lord- fhip had connexions with them ; when, by Lord Mansfield’s direétion, the leading queflions only being put, thefe fadies all acknowledged that his Lord- fhip had intimate connexions wiih them. Thefe witnefles being examined, the éounfel for the plaintiff made the reply, and in one part particularly created a great laugh, in obferving, ‘* That however aggravating the circumftances were otherwife, they could not charge his R. H. ‘with intriguing merely for the fake of intrigue, as the incoberency ef his letters, plainly proved him to be really a lover.” Lord Mansfield began about half an our atter fix, and with his ufual clear- nefs, fummed up the proof with the ut- moft ftriétnefs and impartiality. and concluded with faying, ‘* That che ju- ry were to confider the damages receiv- ed, and give adequate recompence to the party injured, and not give a fum as a punifhment upon the perfon who com- mitted that injury, as in that cafe, it would become rather a fine, which -would be incroaching on the power of the court, in whofe breaft the inflifting nes alone depends.” : . _ His LordfMip’s fpeech coatinued till fiftcen minutes before eight, when the jury were inclofed till ten_ minutes be- fore ten, and then fet off in carriages for Bloomfbury-{quare, where they gave their verdict for the plaintiff, Ten TuHousanp Pouxps damages. *.* Among the Letters that , have been publijfoed on this occafion, it were injufttce to-conceal that.of Mifs Vernon, one of the Maids of Honour, to her Sifter, mphjch tho” it may be wanting in Cor- “°° Mails Van's Lettir to. Lady G. recinefs of Language, is yet replete. avith Sentiment, and 1s a proof of the effets of Virtue, when direéied by natural good Senfe. ... St. James's, Dec rgth. 1769 ‘© My Dear Sifter I Received your Letter laft Wednefday. I think by the date I ought to have had it fooner, but. however I am forry to fay that if comes time enough for any pleature I had in receiving it. I am one ly forry it did not come fooner, that I might have anfwer'd it before now; but the reafon that hindered me from anfwer- ing it before this, I had company with me on Wednefday and Thurfday and the going to Court'and the play hurried me fo much that J had not half a minute to breath; but I take the, firft opportunity of writing to you. Indeed, my Dear, I thought [ never fhould have reafon to fay I had not pleafure in hearing fiom you, but the Cauje-not only angered me’ extreamly, but gave me a fhock which I can not eafily recover. . As to myfelf I am hardly fenfible of what I write, as I can not explain what I have fuffered within this little while, and was plunged into the deepeft Affliction when I received yours. I was fhocked for two reafons; the one was I had always flat- tered myflf that your affection for me was too great ever to be got the better of by any blind paffion, aa that the doing me any effential hurt wou'’d have the fame effect on you as it wou’d on me in that cafe, viz. make you miferable ; but I am wretched to find that a paffion for a certain perfon wrongly intitled to it has fo much got the better of you that the lofs of your own reputation, of mine, and of both our happinefles are to you of no confequence, and cou'd my fimple advice be of any fervice to you, I wou'd implore you on my knees, nay ferve you as a flave night and day, that you wou'd for ever banifh from your thoughts them whom you ftile your friend ; for I know that if you don’t do that, the reft of your Life is deftined to be wretched ; not on- ly the bitter pangs of the whole world being again& you, but you mutt be ba- nithed from all your Relations who dear- ly love you, by reafon of this (in the firft place I will begin with Mrs. Hill) as you are fenfible of Mr Hill’s difpe- fition, you may be fure that if the world don’t ceade their fhocking defcrip- tions of your proceedings, he will nat fuffer.his wife to'be feen in your Com- pany, as ke will give this for reafon, that altho’ he believes you tobe virtdous, yet

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ze as zobedy elfe thinks it, that it-will equally difadvantageous to Mrs H. to be feen in intimacy with you; and as to wyell, Mama will take caré to keep me from ever having a fight of you. In- deed if the fcale was already turned with regard to your Condu&, I believe, I thall never.be fo much with you as J have been ;_and as you mutt be fenfible how much I love you, you muft. know that this to me is a dreadful Affli&tion not to be defcribed. You will, may be, think I make the worft of things; but I affure you, fo far from it, I make the belt. Mama, I find, is really miferable about this——She and me have: been at Variance for fome time; fhe was on Wednefday Morning with Mifs Keck, and told her every thing. I have wrote a ‘letter to her to-day, and hope that will be the occafion of a reconciliation, as it is neceflary to keep well with her now, or god knows I fhall then-have no Chance. ¥ find the Queen and Princefs of Wales have heard me cenfured in this curs’d affair, and {peak with anger about me. I have'this moment been hearing a ftory now about town, that you and I in the Summer walked in Kentington Gardens, attended by the D. of C.‘and that he brought an officer with him; that you and I parted company; he walked one way with You, and the Officer an¢ I another. But, what is worfe, I have enclofed a paragraph * that was in the News Papers to Day, from which you will learn how fcandaloufly you are talked of ; it frights me to Death. As to what you inclofed in your laft, I have get it for you when you come to Town, jor I acquainted your friend long ago, that if any thing came of either fide for me to convey P ewould burn it. Lam watch’d. every time I ftir, and think how neceffary it is for me to put a ftop to this mifery. You talk of Trufty! who is as well known.as yourfelf. In thort, I have things to tel] you when F fee you, that will make you, if you have a grain of difcretion, miferable. I frazk- iy tell you, gbfolutely let me never hear any thing miore concerning your Friend, As to my being your Bearer any longer I will not. I with very much for your coming to Town, as that is the only wthing to appesfe the wicked world, the * This was the fir Article that publicly appeared in the prints, which, tho’ not true, every where fpread the Alarm, See Vol. xaaix. p, Obfervations onthe Appearance of the late Comet. 3r9 feeing you.and cably together, Believe mé in halte, ‘with the greaeft affeétion, * Your fincere but moft wretched Sifter.” Add to the above Letter in favour ef Mifs Vernon, tliat this. does not feem to’ be the firft check which the had_ given to Lady G. for m.a Letter from Lady G, in anfwer to one of hers, the fays— My Dear, I am very low {pivited, I with I. could fly over to you, and .talk every thing over; for I would not have you run any rifk for me for the world. If I had had an idea of it I would nat have ever afked-you, &c. your Lord living amir Mr. URBAN, AS the Comet which we lately faw in “ its approach to the fun, is~ no longer vilible, and. is not expected to appear again, and as from the unfa- vourablenefs of the weather, it was little noticed, (though the rapidity of its ap- parent metion was very remarkable) a fhort account of it may be agreeable to fome of your readers. From Monfieur Meffier’s litter (fee occurrences) it appears, that its motion from the 16th to the arlit of June, was not a degree and half; from that tigae to Mr. Dunn’s obfervauions on the 27th, it was, only fourteen degrees ; but in the fix following days its velocity was fp furprifingly mcreafed, as to pa over 1.33 degrees in that fpace of time; and from its apparent fize and brightiiefs increaf- ing in the fame fudden proportion, it fhould feem that it paffed very near the earth. Dr. Lane * tells us, that from obfervations made on a number of Co- mets, ‘* the greatef apparent velocity any where mentioned, is that of the Comet in 1472, obferved by Regio- Montanus to havegone through 40 de- grees of 2 great circle in 24 hours ;” but this Faft feems rather to exceed even that, for it noved 42 degres in the fame time, viz. from Saturday June 30, to Sunday-night July 1; which, fuppoling it no farther trom us thin the planet Venus at her neareft app: bach, amcunts to near twenty millions of miles. Before I could get any inftrament to take its place on Satuiday evening, the clouds tabbed me of the fight of it, -but the ftars. I faw near it, 'M. Meffier’s, Mr. Dunn’s, and my own fubfequent obfervations, inftrumentally taken, con- _fiem me in‘the opinion I'nad of its fi- * Lang's Aftronomy, wal. ii, p. 55a. tumion

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320 tuation that night. For thofe who would fee its apperent courfe, an the ce- leftial globe, the following obfervations will be a guide: R. Afe. S. Decl. Between June 1¢ and J ane’ 72° §7'—3 5° 45! 16, M. Meffiers une 27, 4 paft rr at ee ’ night, Mr. Dunn #75: Oo 3 ; N. Decl. June 40, at half paft ? ten my own july 1, Ditto at 280° 0 55°45 941° 40 75° 9 ditto Between 34 and ath at Apaft 12 * ME o=v4e ft Canterbury, July 19, 1770- JAMES Six. Mr. Urzan, a i Cannot but think it no {mall reflec- _™ tion on cur aftrongmers royal, that, ‘notwithftanding the noble obfervataries and inftruments at Greenwich and “Richmond, both the late Comets fhould “have been firft announced to us by fo- _seigners :.the laft in particular, (at leaft, An Addrefs to the Aftrinomers Rayal. ‘municate their obferyations. as far as we know) feems only to be ob- ‘ferved by M. Meffier, in France; and Meff. Dunn and. Six, in England, * If any other Gentlemen have obferved it, as fome extraordinary ‘ciccumftances attepded it, it is hoptd they will come But in fuch obferyatories as the two atove- mentioned, the ftarry heaven's fhould every pight be fcrutinized, at leaft with the naked.eye, and no Comets be fuf- fered to appear and difappear, no new worlds to be lighted up, or extinguifh- ed, without our knowlege. In hort, all lovers af this fcience muft lament, that every intelligence of this kind fhould of late years, have been conveyed to us ‘by the French ; and that contrary to the laudable praétice of their predeceffors, our aftronomers cannot be ftyled ob- fervers. CRITO. * Our correfpondent has overtooked our learned friend Dr. Bevis, who obferved ic as early as either of the two he has men- tioned. See Lloyds Chronicle, June 29. A Meteorological Diary of the Weather, for the Month of Ful, 1769. bye] 379 Wind. Barom, Therm. Weather, 1{ NtoWS W little | 2g q | 5% | 2 very fine warm day. 2| WNW ditto 29 9 | 6% Ditto, 3 Ditto 30 63 | a fine day, foine few clouds, fun very het. 4} SSE little 30 64 | a very bright hot day, s | E-° ditto 39 66 Ditto. 6{ ENE -§freth 40 67 | a very bright hot day. 7) EwSW | ditto 29 9 | 67 | Ditto, a few flying clouds. $|/WSW ditto 2g 74} 67 | flying clouds in the morning; very wet afterm. g{N diato 29 7 | 92 } chiefly cloudy, cool wind. 10 | N ta W siittle 29.9 | &a] many ftying clouds, but a fine pleafant day. 11| WS W ditto ag g | 63 | a fine pleafant day. 312 | Ditto. fret 29 9 } 55 Ditto. 13 Ditto 29 9 | 674 a very bright hot day. 4 Ditto 29 B84) 64 Ditra. 1s|NE_ freth 29 9 | 46] very gloomy hot clay. 316| EvoSW Ditto 49 7 | 67] fultry, fame licthe thunder. 17| SW ditto 29 7 | 66] avery fine day, coaler. 18 Ditto 29 7 | 65] heavy manning, cloudy afternoott, - 39 Ditto 29 8 | 63] a very fine pleafant day. 20 Ditto 29 8 | 54 Ditto. ar; WSW Iittle a9 8 | 65] cloudy day, rainy evening, 22} WNW ditto 29 74|:64] aclofe, cloudy, hot day. . 23| NW ditto 29 7 | &@{ clandy with heavy rains, thund. lights, fine vets 24 Ditto 29 84} 63 | a very bright fine day. 25 Ditto 29 9 | 66 Ditto, 26 Ditto 32 64 Dicco. : 27 |W freth 29 82) 63 | many heavy rains, a coarfe day. 28 | Ditto ftrong 29 74| 63. WCFO., , 29 | WNW, dito fay 7 i} &3 chiefly cloudy, fome trifling fhowers, . 30 | Ditto freth 2g 64) 62 | 2 pleafant grey day, 3: |NNE litle 29 6t| 62 | rain early, du!l morning, fine afternoon, -

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“49. Critical Obfervations on the Wri- tings of the moft celebrated original Ge- niufes’ in Poetry, being a Sequel to the Effay on Original Genius; .by William Duff; AoM. — a F the Effiy on*Original Genius, to O which thefe Obfervations are a {é- quel, our readers will find an ample ac- count in our volume for the year 1767, Pag. 309+ eo iahe The author fays, in his preface, That though many of the: moft diltinguifhed beauties of poetry have, zz oxe form or another, been pointed out and illuftra- ted by preceding writers, yet there is ftill {cope for a diverjity of criticifin, both in the arrangement of the plan, and the feleétion of the paffages: ‘The paffzges, however, which he has feleéted, he fup- pofes ‘to be familiar to thofe who are converfant with the fibjeét, fo that the diverfity of his book is reduced to the illuftrations of the palfages, which he fays are fufficiently different from the illuf- trations of ‘other writer's. Having, as he fays, confidered the principal ingredients of Genius ‘in his former work, he proceeds to thew, “ that the diftinguifhing properties of original Genius in poetry, are found in the coms pofitions of th moft eminent poets, both ancient and moderh.”” It may perhaps, to common underftandings, appear un- neceffary to fhew, that in the works of original genius, the properties of origi- nal genius appear: or that, if there has been any fuch thing as original poetic genius in the world, it muft be found among the moft eminent poets: to our author, however, this is fo far from ap- pearing unneceflary to be done, that he has written at o€tavo book to do it. The diftinguifhing characters of ori- gins! Genius, he fays, are Invention, efcription, and irregular Greatnefs, Wildnefs, and Enthufia‘m : and by thefe diftinguifhing characters, he fays, no more than thrée compleat original ge- niufes will be found to have ariien in the wold; Homer, Offian, and Shakefpear. As to Homer, he fays, that “ living among a people but little civilizéd, and among whom the arts and feiences had as yet made but fimall progrefs, he had no model on which he could form him- felf'except‘that of Nature, which lay o- pen to his view.” This, however, is very queftionable, for attempts have not been wanting to trace the knowledge of almoft every art and fcience in Homers works; but’ fuppofitig-it to be true,. it ié prefumed that the genius of Homer, Gent. Mag. JULY, 1770, 6--, Lift of Books—with Remarks. gar as @ power or faculty of his mind, would have been juft the fame if he had lived now, a$ it was in an earlier ag and if fo, the age in which’ lic lived had no- thing to do with’ the otisiiality of hit genius, whatever opportunity it might afford for the exertion of it. What the author means’ by ‘compleat original genius, is not eafy to afcertain 3 if the diftinguifhing charatteriftics of original geiius are invention, defcrip- tion, and irregular greatneis, it is to.be prefumed, that wherever there are in- vention, defcription, and itregalar greats hefs, there is original genius ; and fure- ly this author will not deny thefe to all but Homer, Offian, and Shakefpear, If he means by a compleat original genius, a genius in which all thefe characte. rifticks appear in the higheit degree, ‘he has not maintained his pofition, for tho* he has endeavoured to fliew that they ap- pear in Homer, Offian, and’ Stvakeipear; which pethaps none will deny, yet he has drawn no parallel to thew their ins feriority in others, confidering the times and circumftances in which they wrote. ‘The author confiders invention as con= fitting of four diftin& f{pecies ; the inven+ tion of Incidents, of Characters, of Imas gery, and Sentiment: In the inven- tion of incidents he fuppofés Homer to excell all mankind, confequently Offian and Shakefpear; but he has formed ne argument to prove that his power to in- vent was greater ; fuppofing that not to have been the cafe, his works might have been equally fiiperior in this particular, to fubfequent produttions: the advan tage of his time thould certainly be dif- tinguifhed from the force of his mind. Original invention in the-time of Homer might be poffible to a force of genius equal to ten, and impoffible now to a force of genius equal to twenty, if what this author fays is true, “* that learning and critical knowledge prevent a poet from becoming an original:author, by filling his mind with events and ‘fenti- ments from the obfervation, experience, and produdtions of others.” This wri- ter has always confounded érigindl in- vention, witli po-ver to invent. He obferves; that Homer, to give an air Of jmportante to the fable of the Iliad, has conftcudcted it fo as to intereR the gods, not otily in the general cata{- trophe, but in every particular in¢id . that. might either halten.o¢-'retard ir that it was well invented=t» mace th: calamities of Greece the eff:%t of The- tis’s im nate addreffzs to Junit r, and that many other things axe extellent, Wiica

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322- which all the world have long acknow- ledged to excel. He wonders that his countryman Mr Wilkie, the author of the Epigoniad, fhould fay he could as foon believe that Prometheus made a man of clay, as that Homer invented all the incidents of the _ Iliad; andhis reafoniscurious. ** 1] am perfuaded, fays he, that ty far the great- eft part of the incidents, both in the Iliad dod the Odyffey, are the invention of the poet ; and J save not the leaft doubt that the imagination of Homer could haye fupplied,them all, or at leaft others equally proper, and that it would have fupplisd him with fuch if he had not found the ground work of the Iliad in the traditionary records of his own coun- try, and eftablifhed in general credit.” ‘Thus we fee, that the caufe of his won- der at Mr. Wilkie’s fuppoling Homer not to have invented the incidents of the Tliad, is no other than his own opinion that Homer could, have invented them if he didnot. He fhould ctrtainly have given fome reafons for his own opinion, before he had expreffi'd his wonder at the contrary opinion of another. During the courfe of what this author fuppofes to be an argument to prove that Homer inwented his chara&ers, he fays, that a regard to hiforical or tra- ditionary evidence, probably eé/iged him tp draw Hetor as he has done; thus, tho’ a “ wife woman buildeth hcr houfe, a foolith one pulleth it down with her hands.” But though he fuppofes Homir's regard to hifory. or tradiiion to be fo great, as that he would not degrade the ehavaéter of He&tor, though it was ab- folutely neceff>ry to the pertcétion of his fable, yet be cbferves, that after having drawn the character, he renders it ut- terly inconfifent, by reprefenting the hero as running away from Achilles, and fulieiing himfelf to be chafed like a poltrooh round the walls of the city; a fiiitious incident, which is fo far from being neceffary, that it is abfurd; and fo Hemer; though he would noi violate an hiftorical or traditional fuk to-pertest his fable, has yet viclated the indubita- ble truth of niture to deform it. Hence certainly avifes the ftrougeit prefumption that his chara&ters were invented, and his fi€titious incidents heppy. . The author proceeds io give fome well hnown niilences of the fublimity of Ho ner's vention, of his imegery, and fen- timent. AS an inuilance of fublime fen- Lin eet which can never be too much ad- mired, he mentions Ajan’s requett to ~ Lift of Books—qwith Remarks: = Jupiter, that, if he mut die, he may not die in the dark. When the Grecian army was inveloped in fudden and thick darknefs, Ajax cries out, Lord of earth and air, O king! O father ! hear my humble pray’r ; Difpel this cloud, the light of heav'n reftore ; Give me to fee, and Ajax afks no more, If we muft perish, we thy will obey ; But Je. us perifh in the face of day. If our readers do not fee all the fubli- mity that is admired in this petition to perith by day-light, we cannot help it. He next produces fome inftances of Homer's power in defcription: but of what he calls the irregular greatnefs, the cvildnefs and enthufiafm, he produ- ces none, for he fays, a certain divine ardour reigns through the whole: but are irregular greatne/s, wwildne/s, and divine ardour, fynonimous terms? The fecond fe&tion contains an exa- mination of Offian; and in order to prove the ftrength of his genius in in- vention, the author proceeds, very grave- ly, to thew that, with refpeét to his in- cidents, he did not invent at all. The poems of Offian, fays he, are in the main hiftorical, zot fi€titious ; he has painted pourtraits, but his likenefles are advan- tageoufly heightened. But tho’ Offian did not invent incidents, our author fays that doubtlefs he could have invented them. When this author is accounting for Homer's fuperiority, which he fays confifts chiefly in the invention of inci- dents, he mentions the advantage of his living in a rude and early age: When he is apologizing for the want of inven- tion of incidents in Offian, he fays, it muft be acknowledged that, for the in- vention of incidents, cultivated life af- fords fuperiour advantayes. The author then labours hard to fhew that, except in thofe particulars in which time and country gave the advantage to Homer, Offian is his fuperior. He ex- patiates on the force of his genius in the invention of what is called the Machi- nery of a poem, the fupernatural cha- raéters. But in Offian thefe confit whol- ly of ghofts, and it may be remarked, that his ghofts are drawn exaétly after phenomena that in Offian’s country are very common, local mifts fettling upon a hill, which appear of various forms, and gradually vanifh. The ghoft of Tren- mor appears to Ofcar upon a bill, his fteed is a cloud, his robe a mift, his {word a fading meteor, and his face dark and without form: The ghoft of Fillan is reprefented as bending in a grey eee a —_—

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_— ~~ — of fmoke, and as being alternately rolled together by the blaft, and recovering tts form. So little has the invention of Of- fian added to the natural appearance of vapours arid meteors in the defcription of his ghofts, that he has reprefented them as vanifhing flowly and by parts ; one is faid to vanith flowy, like the mift on a funny hill ; of another we are told that it retired in miff, and that its limbs of fmoke vanifhed gradually; if he had had a bolder and more creative imagi- nation, he would, like Shakefpeare, have reprefented the evanefcence of his ghoft as inftantaneous, which is more aweful and ftriking, and more congruous to our ideas of fpirit. The author proceeds to tell us, that the imagery of Offian was the effect of the natural exuberance arid effervefcence of a plafite imagination ; and cites feve- fal paflages to thew his eminence in the other diftinguifhing charatteriftics of ori- ginal genius, for which we havenotroom. Of Shakefpear this author fays, in his third fe&tion, that he alfo is defeétive in the invention of incidents; but that he holds his rank in virtue of his invention of fupernatural charaéters. Having in his apology for Offian, afferted, that his power of invention was neceffarily cir- cumfcribed by his {phere of obfervation, he now fubverts that principle entirely, by obferving that Shakefpear has invent- ed a charaéter, Caliban, of which nei- ther iffory nor tradition, nor the moft extenfive acquaintance with human life, could have afforded him the leaft glim- mering. Either it is not true that in- vention is neceffarily circumfcribed by the {phere of obfervation, or that Shake- {pear invented a charaéter of which ob- fervation could have given him no glim- mering. The author adduces many in- ftances of Shakefpear’s fuperiority in this kind of invention from the Tem- peft, Macbeth, and Midfummer Night's Dream ; and of his excellence of inia- gery, defcription, and fentiment, which have long before been fufliciently known and admired. The author proceeds to confider the merits of Spencer, Milton, Ariofto, and Taffo, but for his obfervations on thefe writers we mutt refer our readers to his work, In the Sth and laft fe&tion, he confi- ders the effect of Genius on the temper and charaéter, and the advantages and cfetennnges attending the poffeffion of it. He feems to fuppofe, that to be a man Lift of Books;—with Remarks. a of genius, is to be deftitute of common decency and common fenfe: his man- ners, he fays, appear ridiculous to fome, and difayreeable to others ; his company is feldom cou:ted but by thofe who fup- poe they derive credit from his acquain- tance; he is unfit for entering, with ary degree of order or relifh, into thofe a- mufements or occupations which engrofs the attention of great part of mankind, which promote focial intercourfe, and form thofe bands of attachment which render men neceflary and agreeable to each other. This ftrange defcription can be con- fidered only as a tcft of our author's ability in’ the ixvention. of chara&er, which, according to him, is one of the ingredients of genius. What fort of men Homer and Offian were, he cannot pretend to know; but Shakefpear, whom he has claffed with them, was by to means the fingular, awxward, unfocial being, which he reprefents the man of genius to be: He entered into the bufi- nefs and pleafures of life, which pro- mote focial intercourfe, and form agree- able attachnients. The fame appears to have teen true of Spencer, and of Mil- ton, who was once im a public employ- ment ; Pope was remarkable for ele- gance of lite, and politenefs of manners; and there is fcarcely a genins, of whofe life we know the particulars, that appears to have been diftinguifhed by unpleafing and unfocial fingularity of manners. This author, who deals much in the marvellous, tells us, that ‘* the ufual attendant on genius is a chearful and Sanguine temper,” but that “ its conflant attendant is a melancholy difpofition :” and he endeavours to obviate the incon- fittency of thefe pofitions by a third, which is equally inconfiftent with both ; that “a genius is /ometimes. chearful, and fometimes fad.” So that his ufial difpofition is one thing, bis conffant dif- polition is another, and neither of thefe 1s either conftant or ufual, each. pre- vailing in its turn. . Upvn the whcle, this author concludes that it is better to be. without genius than to have it; upon which we fin- cerely congratulate him, and bid him adieu. ' ape 20. A Journey from London to Ge- noa, through England, Portugal, Spain, and France. By Fojeph Beretti, in. 4 Vols. 8vo. Price 16s. “« Mr, Baretti’s abilities as a writer, are well known, we have therefore no- ‘thing

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324 thirig to-do, but to give an account of his prefent work ; this however, muft be done chiefly by making extraéts ; ~ but even with refpeét to extracts, we are under fome difficulty, for entertaining particulars are fo numerous, that it 1s not eafy to feleét. «¢ The Author juftly obferves, in his preface, that the accounts of Spain hi- therto publithed in the Eng!ith language, are very imperfect, There is indeed, fcarce any account of the interior parts of the country, except what is called, *¢ A Lady's Travels into Spain,” faid to have been written by she Countefs de Annois, the celebrated Author of of the Fairy Tales : ‘This was fuggefted to the Author by his moft revered friend, Dr. Samuel Johnfon, when he fet out for his firtt journey into Spain, who exhort- ed him to write daily, and with all pof- fible minutenefs, and pointed out the topics that would moft interef and de- light ;-our extracts, therefore, will be made chiefly from the account of Spain. The Reader will at leaft be led into a new country, and will be ableto judge how far the Author has executed his , ~— 3 ** I have {pared no pains, fays e, to carry my Reader, in foese mea- fure along with me, to make him fee what I faw, hear what I heard, feel what I felt, and even think and fancy, whatever I thought and fancied myfelf.” Many other objects ef more immedi- ate curiofity, which are alfo of a tempo- rary and tranicient kind, have obliged us to refer our readers to the next, and fome fubfequent Magazine, for the plea- fure which we fhall not fail to give them from this work, X. 21. Reflefions on the Englifh Lan- guage, in the nature of Vaugelas’s reflec- tions on the French, being a detection of many improper Exprefions ufed in Con- werfation, and many others to be found én Authors. Bell, price 25. ** Among other expreffions. not gene- ally known to be improper, are the fol- wing. As follow is ufed for as follows. ** Some good Writers (among others, Addifon) exp:efs themfelves in this man- ner, The Articles were as follow.—— “The Circumflances of the Affair are as Jollow The Conditions of the Agree- gent are as follow. ' & I conceive this expreffion to be wrong, and that as follows ought to be here ufed, and not as follow. What deceives theie writers is, that the pre- eeding fabftantive is in the plural num- Lip of Boeks--2with Remarks. | ber. But this{ubftantive is by no meang a nominative cafe to fallow or follows, Neither is there any intervening pronuon between this fubitantive and this verb, that is relative to the-former, and fetves as a nominative:to the latter.- If the verb follow or follows, haveany nomina- tive, it is the pronoun it, which is fup- pofed, and is here unrelative, asin ma- ny other cafes: In thefe, for inftance ; it is very hot weather,—it is cold. “‘ The fenfe then is, The Articles were as it bere follows.——The Circumftances of the Affair are as it here follaws.——— The Conditions of the Agreement areas it here follows. Confequently follows ought to beufed, and not follow.. Indeed, if the word fuch preceded the as, follows would be right, and not follows ;.be- caufe fuch as would bé equivalent to thefe which, Ago and Since, ought not to be ufed together. It is not above two Months ago fince he left the Univerfity,—It is three Years ago fince bis Father. died.—Thefe ex- prefions don’t make fenfe; the word Jace being equivalent to ago-that. «¢ The proper expreffions are, it zs not above two Months ago that be left the Univerfity.——It is not above twa Months fince he left the Univerfty,-It is three Years ago that. bis Father died— It is three Years fince bis Father died. “* The word demean is ufed by all the lower people, as well as by great numbers of their betters, .to ignify de- bafe or lefen. It is alfo found in the fame fenfe in bad writers. Richardfon often prefents his readers with it in his Hittory of Pamela. I bave met with.it once or twice in Sevift; and it once oc- curs in my Lord Boliaghroke's Oldcafile’s Remarks upon EnglifhHifory.- To de- mean fignihes te behave, to compert,.and not to debaje or leffen. - « What caufesthe mifiake in fo many perfons is the fyllable meaz. The werd mean fignifying low and contemptible ; and the word messi lownefs 5 waa | imagine from thence, that o.demeanmu fignify to make contemptible or caft @ meanne/s upon, ‘ “ There is frequently put for thither, bere for hither, and where for whither. We fhould fay, go thither, and -notgo there; come hither, and net come bere; whither are you going, and not wheré are you going. , "Famous and infamous, are oppofite only in found; it is improper therefqre to fay, ** he was famous or rather infa- phe . yous

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Lift of Beaks-—with Remarks: groxs for his cruelty.” Famous. fignifies .genowned, much known ; but infamous does.not fignify ab/cure or unknown : it 4s true however that infamous fignifies of evil.report, but.as famous does not fignify of good-report; weither in this fenfe is infamy the eppofite of fame. ' Adverbs and participles are often im- properly disjomed : fome-have faid, and fome have written /o i/l a going ‘borfe, inftead of fo ill going a bor{e. It is common with writers to put a note of interrogation where they only make mention of .a queftion’s being afked, without employing the very words which form the queftion. Exam- ples. I faw your aunt the other day, eho enquired when I beard from you faft ?——I vifited your fifter yeflerday. She afked me when I] thought you would be in town? This is wrong. There cught to beno-note of interrogation, fince there is no_queftion. The verbs fy, flee, flow, and over- flow, are often iil conjugated. The preterperfect tenfe of the firft of thefe verbs when it fignifies to mowe the wings, is flew—The bird fewv away. With the Auxiliaries, fowz is to be ufed. The bird is flown away—They aveuld have fown away--Having flown — Being flown, Sc. To fy is likewife frequently -ufed, to fignity to flee ; which latter word is too.much negleéted. And, fince even -our beft authors donot fcruple to em- ploy it inttead of flee, it muft be owned to-have that fignification ; tho’ I cannot help thifking it’s being ufed in fuch a fenie is a deformity in the language. When it fignifies To flee, the preterper- fe& tenfe is fled—He fled away: But the participle prefent is fying, as when it fignifies to mowe with wings.—The army is flying. With the auxiliaries fed is to be ufed. —They are fled—He had fled— Having Jjled—Being fled, 82. “As to the verb to flee, the preterper- fe& tenfe is here likewife fled, which is alfoto be yfed.with the auxiliaries. For inftance, We fled away—They are fled-- They would have fed—Having fled— Beiug fled—&c. The preterperfe&t of floaw is flowed-- :The tide flowed with a flong current. Flowed is likewife to be,nfed with the aux- jliavies--- Has fiew'd--- Having flow'd. Many people ufe foam with the aux- jliartes, and would fay the river has Slown but weakly of late. But this is not Englith. Neither is the word over- fewm to be admitted, though very fre- 325 uently ufed. The proper word is over- Jorwed.--The river bas overflowed its . banks.---Theigraunds ave averflowed. . The-verbs to fét.and to. fit, .are con- tinually confounded in mere thar one tenfe, and Bive oceafion to inmumerable inftances of falfe Englith. Even people of good education mif employ ‘therh. ‘The firtt of them, which ‘has feveral different fignifications, does not chafige in any of the tenfes, let the fignification of the word be what it will. We fay, what time do you fet out P—He fet out yhlerday for Bath—I feall fet fomebcdy to watch them. Set is likewife ufed with the auxilia- ries. A dog was fet at me—He is now Set about it in good earngh—He has fet down his lad-~I ought to have fet the trees fime time ago— They being. fo vio- lently fet againfl each other, there is no probability of a reconciliation. As to the verb to ft, it’s preterperfect is fat, which is alfo ufed-with the'aux- iliaries. He fat down—When we had fat there fome time, we removed—Hav- tng fat ith us about an hour, they left us This verb is fometimes ufed not asthe neuter, but as the verb aétive, with an accufative cafe-following it. I'll jit me down—She fat ber down—They fat themfelwes down. But it is to be. obferved that the verb is a€tive, and governs an accufative cafe only when .we {peak of perfons featin themfelves, and not in mentioning their cauling others to fit. ‘Therefore fuch expreffions as thefe—I'll fit you down— He fat ber.down—They fat-us. down— is not proper. To feat is a regular veh. Seated, which is the preterperfeét,.is ufed with the auxiliaries. He feated- binifelf/— When we had feated ourfelwes—She was feated—They being feated. Who and whom areo‘ten ufed impro- perly, one for the other ; Mr. Lock, in one of his letters to Mr. Molyneux fays, ‘© if you were ‘her, you would find three or four eubom you would fay paf- fed their atternoons agreeably.” But inftcad of whom, he fhould have written ewho; for the pronown is nét in the ac- cufative cafe and governed by the verb fay, but it is the nominative to the word pafcd. Pope, in the Dunciad, fays of Fiect-ditch, that it is the “* King of dikes, than whom no finice of mud ‘© With deeper fable blots the filverflond.”” this founds better than who no fluice, but it is falfe grammar. ' [To be continued.) x.

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326 4n Ode for the Year 1770. O! I, on eafy chair reclin’d, My fire before, my bed behind ; With body found as body can he, Secure from Rock and Lucy Danby ; Without or purfe, or yearly rent, Or India ftock—Lo! I’m content, And fee ! behind yon door two fhelves appear, One fill’d with books, and one with Burton beer, Say then, negle Sul of my mufe and reed, Shall I be mov’d ?>——WNoe I, indeed. No birth-day ode, no ball-room fong, Begrims my foui, belies my tongue ; No borrow'd thoufand: me perplex, No unaccounted milliars vex: No Harpax guards my door; and d—ns my foul, No London Livery covet what 1 foie. Say then, negleétful of my reed, Shall I be mov'd ?>—Not I, indeed, ‘What is’t to mé, at Kufél's thrine That R—g—y daily bends— for wine ; That Dunk repos’d in B——y’s bow’rs, Enjoys his fyllabub and whores : That G—v—de tir’d of Patriot pay, Rails at the helm he fain would fway, And {wears the Inz’s are gracelefs dtacks, For why- G. G—v— Ile can’t go fnacks. For this neglectful of my eafe and reed, Shall I be mov’d ?——Nve I, indeed, Let G—/v—r, d—ning all his ftars For want of fkill in Venus’ wars, Exchange his *-Harrict for his horfe And feck Newmartket’s defp’rate courfe ; While Ha/, with royal vacant face, At home fills up bot haif his place, And pays of pounds five hundred fcore, For romping with a noble w: re: (Such be the fate ofall, whofe 4ounds Beat up for game in others grounds 1) But fill, negle&ful of my mufe and reed, Shall I be mov’d ?>——WNot I, indeed, What is’t to me that L—gh—ne dreams, On flow’ry fields, near filver ftreams ; That Jon—n fe ertifickly , Knows tergiverfibiliy, And, fond of penfion more that praife, Whate’er he faid before, unfays ; That 8B—ck—r—ff, the friend of no man, And Nafo, friend to ev’ry—woman, Have ail their profpeéts and their views, A whore, a guinea, or a mufe ? For this, negieétful of my eafe and reed, Shall I be mov’d ?— Not I, inde d. HottMINIAN, * The name of his Lady. PROLOGUE ¢o the Lame Lover. Written and Spoken by Mr. GENTLEMAN. Rologues, like cards of compliment we find, P Moft as unmeaning, as politely kiad ; To beg a favour, orto plead excufe, Of both appears to be the gen’ral ufe. Shall my words, tipt with flatrery, prepare A kind exertion of your tend’reft care ? The Gentieman’s Macdzine Vor. XL. ieee Shall I prefent our Author to your fight, All pale and trembling for his fate this bight ? Shall I follicit the moft pow’rful arms Toaid his caufe—The force of beauty’scharms 3 Or tell each Critic, his approving tafte Muft give the fterling ftamp, wherever plac’d? This might be done—But fo to feek applaufe Argues a confcious weaknefs in the caufe, No ; let the Mufe in fimple truth appear, Reafon and Nature are the Judges here : If by their ftri@ and felf-defcribing laws, The fev’ral chara@ers to-night fhe draws ; If from the whole a finifh’d piece is made, On the true principles of light and thade : Struck with the harmony of juft defign, Your eyes, your ears——your hearts, wiilall combine To grant applaufe, Bu’ if a Dauber’s hand, Grofs difproportion marks in motly band, If the group’d figures falfe connexions fhew, And glaring colours, without meaning, glow, Your wounded feelings, turn’d a different way, Will juitly damn—c)’ aboitiyn of a play. As Farquhar has obferv’d, our Enghth law, Like a fair fpreading oak, the Mufe fhoulddraw, By fmiling Equity and Wifdom made, | For honefty to thrive beneath its thade ; q Yet from its bonghs fome reptiles thelter find, Dead to each nobler feeling of the mind ; Who thrive, alas ! too well, and never ceafe To prey on Juttice, Property, and Peace. At fuch to-night, with other legal game, Our vent’rous Author takes fatyric aim ; And brings, he hopes, originals to view, Nor pilfers from th’ Oid Magpie. nor the News, To Candour, then, he’ll chearfully fubmit ; )4 She reigns in boxes, galleries, and pit. An Epithalamium on the Marriage of Pbilarder and Lugenia, Tranflated from the Laiin of a Yiuth of Fifteen, by Mr. AH. B, Fellow of St, Fein’s Coliege, Oxford, oh happy nuptials claim my virgin lays, And force me to attempt untrodden ways ; A warmth unufual does my bofom fire, And with an unknown love of verfe infpire ; Thither, ye Mufes, to affift{ me move, Bur chiefly Erato, the Mufe of Love. For thee her Cyprian ifle did Venus quit, And joyful chofe with thee a foft retreat. But why do I delay fo long to tell, How in thy breaf all lovely virtues dwell ? None better knows the bounds of right and wrong, Has wit more fprightly, join’d with fenfe fe ftrong. In you, what grace and majefty appear ; Tully reviv'd, whene’er you fpeak, we hear! What cthers maft with ftudious labour gain, By conftant habit, and affiduous pain ; To you, its fayourite, indulgent heav’n Ras freely, and wi h liberal bounty giv’n. Nor lefs perfe&tions does thy confort thate, The faireft Nymph, where all the nymphs a éair 5 Of Wit Thy Tre But

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all v9 iy > oWe, der een, Bes 5 are " Peetical Essays, for. JULY, 1770: > beauteous the, that all defcription’s faint, AlLfimile too low, “her charms to paint. Thé tofe,the light’ning, and the new-fall’n fnow, Her lips, her eyes, her heck, but rudely thow : Aurora’s hand, the Cyprian goddefs” face, And Cynthia’s fhape her lovely perfon grace. In juft proportion mix’d, her cheeks difclofe, The Liily’s whitenefs, and the blufhing rofe. The Perfian, feeing her, would hail the day, And to a brighter Sun his homage pay. Her brilliant wit no lefs diftinguith’d thires, Which decency in proper bounds confines ; Tis never whet to wound an abfent friend, But fill delights the worthy to commend : No fubile venom with her praife is join’d, It fpeaks the native diétates of her mind. Meeknefs, good-will, and tendernefs of foul, Compleat her chara&ter, and crewn the whole. But, hold! what wondrous tranfport fills my breaft | How happy both! O how fupremely blefi ! No more remains, our withes to employ, But that they long the prefent blifs enjoy : Thy favours, Hymen, on this marriage fhed, And.blefs with conftant peace the genial bed : A happy offspring thou, Lucina, give ; And Venus’ fav’rites let ?em ever five. Jor let old age impair their future blifs, But with their years, their paffion ttill encreafe ; And, as withjoy their happy moments flow, He more beluv’d, and the more lovely grow. \ CLEANTHES UC me, Parens, celfique Dominator Polis Quocunque placuit, oulla pavendi mo- ra eit. oe impiger: Fac nolle, comitabor gemens ; lalufque patiar, quod pati licuit bono, Ducunt volentem fata, nclentem trahunt, an Refiznation. PARAPHRASED, O fovereign Ruler of the ikies, Propitious parent of mankind, With shines my ready will complies, In clofeft bands of union join’d. Thy wife commands thall ever pleafe My captive heart : I’! walk the way Trac’d out by thy fupreme decrees, And chearfu'ly the pow’r obey, But if fach heights I cannot gain, At leat-I’il fi: hing fo low thee, And fuffer as an evil man, What I migat fufer virtuoufly. Thofe shat with due fubmi‘fon tread, In paths ordained by nature’s law, ‘The fates content themfcives to ‘ead, But with conftraint the fubborn draw. To ghofe Gentlemen it Loxvon who, from a juft enfe of the bonour due ta real meri:, have gene- roufly contributed.to raif? a monument to the me- mory of that inimitable Genius Dr. Jonathan Swift, Deaw of St. Parrick’s, Dublin, Ndignant Jove, difpleas’d to find The noble& taleats of the mind, 337 Learning, and Wit, and ‘Fafte, and Senfe, The choiceft gifts he could difpenfe ; Deep funk, in this degen’rate age, In politics and party rage ; Sent, from the clouds, the nimble God, The Uhher of his magic rod, To let old OxvHevs. know, that Men He chang’d from Brutes, are Brutes again ; Through bafe negleé had quite abus’d Thofe tky-born Arts he once infus’d, To Twickerham’s bow’r the courtier flew, Where Orpheus with his lyre withdrew, And with him brought the tuneful Nine, To breathe, on Pore, their notes divine ;——— Charm’d with the foft ambrofial air, They found a Helicon and Pindus there. Arriv’d, the Sire of fong he found High feated on a rifing ground : Swirt and Pore on cither fide, Ierne’s glory, Albion’s pride : Majeftic Mitton fhot a ray Of brighter light than Ffhua’s day ; And DrxpeEn’s quick invention wrought In fancy’s eafe, and ftrength of thought, ‘The Thracian Bard the meifage heard, And fhook his venerable beard ; ‘Then looking at the facred train, He grievw’d to find their labours vain ; Their virtuous rules, in numbers {weet Convey’d, quite trampled under feet. ‘She Muies Hov y HNHNM lift’ning flood, And curft the vile, detefted brood, The YaHoo Race; that horrid band By Lemuel found in Hoxyhukum land : His wings he flutter’d, furl’d his mane, And pranc’d and paw’d, with rank difdain, His fprightly warmth the Muses prais’d, And thus to heav'n their voices rais'd : Great Jove! who ruleft all, incline To make men’s natures CABALINE; Or form them, by thy plattic force, At leaft like Centaurs, man and horfe, While Vand.is of his native foil, Forgot the Draper’s gen’rous tail, In Britain's Sons alone we fee, ‘That men are fuch as men fhould be, Their noble ardour clearly (hows What worth, from innate virtue, flows, The laurel-crewn, our foecial gift We fix d, for life, on matchtefs Swirt : Bur they perpetuate the wreathe, And bid it fourifh after death. MICHAEL CLANCY, M.D. Durrow, in ireland, Fune 9, 1779+ FEMALE CHARACTERS, Veluti in fpeculo. ye Bie chief in pride, CARDILLA firtt ap» cars 5 A flave to play, tho’ wrinkled o'er with years 5 Dupe to a reigning paffion for quadrille, Her heatt exults at fight of dear fpadille § . Thofe eyes which fearce within their orbits roll, Beam a faint ray when Fortune gives a vole ; Eager and reftlefs fhe the game-purfues, And each fuceeflive day the talk renews ! , et

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Let old Canvitra, ere.too late attend The hort, but needful counfe} of'a friend ~ Pack up your’ cards — the thuffling. paftime leave——— A few lifes more convey you.to the grave. Quite different fcenes MaTRon.a’s thoughts engage. Scenes that adorn, fupport, and gladden age ; In‘ Wifdom's paths with calm delight the treads, And oer diftiefs the tear of pity theds ; Nor only theds a tear—her haad fupplies ‘The orphan’s wants, and wipes the widow’s eyes : Unfeigned virtue all her aftions guides, Glows Be her heart, and o’er her fteps pre- : es ; Meek and tefin’d, with fortitude the bears The pains of Nature apd the load of years, Looks back with pleafure on each well-fpent day, And forward to the tomb without difmay. Prarzita’s favourite weapon is, her Tongue, Oil'd like a hone, ‘and like a ballance hung ; Once put in motion quick vibrations keeps, And fearce-y is at reft ev’n while the fleeps— Did Wit or Wifdom her harangues infpire, ‘We then could hear with patience, and admire ; But what her pert loquacious tongue employs, Is Folly, Fathion, Scandal, Trafh and Noife : Envy and Spleen reign jointly in her breaft, Ofall the fofter paffions difpoffeft ; Envy depreciates every generous deed, Aod makes ev'n Virtue, like a viftim bleed, While Spleen beholds, with telefcopic eyes, 'The {malleit fau ts, and iwells them imo vice, Iu heighten’d colours ev'ry foible draws, And holds from modsf Worth its juft ap- plaufe Go, look at home in calm Refle@ion’s glafs, Andon yourfelf an honeft cenfere pafs ! A fov’reign cure,’ PRaTELLA, there you'll nd, , To heal a venom’d tcngue, and ranc‘rovs mind.,. Not fuch Mop¥sta : When fhe deigns to fpeak, Truth guides hertongue, and beauty warms her chteR 3 Thé native nwfic of her voice imparts Graée to her words, and pleafure to ourheatts : ‘The wifeft Maxims Of the hoary fage With care tolleéted from the Stoic page} Htich. her mind, and give. her . language “weight ; Ta friendly converfe, or id leara’d debate 5 Her ,fpeech na love.of fcandal e’er betfays, Mopssta’s filent when fhe cannot praife : When Wit anc Mirth their lively charms dif- tayy Her holeetpanitlan, andvher foul. is gay 4 No, prudith frown upon her fuce appears, And in het condu& no coquecihh airs 5) Courteous to all, unconfcicus ef offence, She thinés the firtt in Victue, Trush-and Seafe, ‘Yoong, brik and. bold, Vanerta fatines away - " And would be thought the gayeft of the gay ; 338 The GrntLemat’s Macaane Vor. XL Yet fummer-flies receive more gaudy fines From Sol’s warm radiance, and Aurora's dews $ Full the difplays, in every pub‘ic place, Her pride of heart, dnd impudénce of face; She minijcks Wit, while. Folly mimicks her, And hard to fay which mim.c.to prefer : Like Milton’s Death, fie ‘“‘ grins a ghaftly {mile,” Much too forbidding ever to béeguile, And yet Vanetrra deems her felf-lov'd ‘charms ? Of power to draw the wealthieft to her arms. Grant that fuccefs her fondeft wifhes crowns ! Not Hymen’s raptures will unbend her frowns. To church, fhe goes, with moft affected zéal, Not.to confefs her faults, but to conceal ; Thoughtlefs of Heav’n, fhé hurries thro’ her ray’rs Eyes pe dear ‘felt, and then around hér flares : But if, perchance, on Pride the Parfon treats, She drops her Bible, flirts her fan, and frets ; So the gall'd jade is feen to wince and ftart, If you but gently touch the tender part. Unlike VaneT Ta is that charming maid, Whofe beauty needs no, fafhionable aid, AMANDA nam’d—to low, but hone:t birth, Her modett mein and folid fenfe give worth ; She leaves to thofe, whom fickle Fancy bred, The rainbow ribbon, and the HiGH-RAIs'B HEAD? _ In this Iov’d nymph are beauteoully combin’d The decent. drefs and wel infiruéted niiod ; The church fhe vifits, bu® without:parade, And there her vows religioufly are paid; | She fears no cenfure when the Priett dectaimsy Whofe life is virtuous, and finceré her-aims : AMANDA’s feet in pious paths have trod, Which lead to honour, fafety, peace, and Gop. VanxTTA, view this lovely pigture well, And firive, in all ‘that’s good,” ANANDA to excel ! ; The QUEEN of tht MAY, Sung 6; Mr Vercon’ at Vauxhall, and fet te Mufic by Mr. Fifher. Suppofed to be written by M’, TOMSON. HE hedges were green, and the rofes were, blown, Che laffes were making of hay, When Wiliam was wed, andthe ftocking was thrown, To Mblly, the Queen of the May, The village affembled, their joys to prefer ; The bells were all merrily rung ; The fwains envy'd him, and the maids envy’é ; er For this couple was charming and young. Would foiks about Court, only chufe from the heart In wediock fome charms would be Mill ; *T ill Deaththot his arrow, they never would part, Were théy loviig like Moly and Wilt. A couple fo pure, fincevhe days:of offi Cin, In conjugal sheets ne ot were laids a ‘The vicgins all figh’d to poifefs the young fwalty And the dwaias wo poffefs the young maid, Ls Ge

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Ve dafday JUNE. 13. PEPE reavins 2 Sophis Magdalena, Q. & Dowace: of Denmank;iwese.inrented with ¢-eat fusex@l pomp, in the Royal Cha- . pel at Coponhagen. ; : 2 = Therfuey 4 i A Comet was cif-overed: by Ii. Meffier, at Paris, abostjoleven int the.eveniag. « It was fitwated benwee y the-head and the bow of Sagitarius; ‘n the milky .way,,.and was Gcaveciy-viiibis with a two foetselefcope. The light uf:the nucleus was vivid and white. On de.might between the 15th and 16th of Jape, the right ,afcention of the comet was 292,deg..54 min, . 34,fec.and its declination 15 deg. 55 min. 24 fec. South. Onthe night between the 22th and.2ift, its right afcenfi- On .wus'2 ;g.deg. 21 min, 2 fec, By thefe w@hfervations, the motion of the comet jin five days; js found to. be .no more than 23 min. @ne-half.right afcenfion, and 1 deg, 25 min. 2odec. declination. its motion follows.the order ofthe figns, rifing towards the Equator ; and. it. pafies. the Meridian about. midnight. This comet .encreafes in tight, and may be- come confderable. Wednefday.29. & comet wes difcovered hy Mr. Dunn, $4 min. after eleven inthe evening. Iss di- ftance frou the brighteft ftar in the harp was 48 deg.-to min. and from. tbe brighteft ftar inthe Eagle 22 deg. 10 min, refraction in- claded ;: from which its place is determined between the right hand of Setpentarigs and the Equator ; is nearly .S, .at' midn. with a- bow 354 deg. merid, alt. and nearly oppo- feerothe-Sum tt has no tail, but a fiver- eplour'd: micleus, and 3 coma of about half a deg. in diameter ; that part of the coma next the:Sun being moftiiluminaced. Dr, Bevis obferved the fame comet early in the morn- ing. At a.grand levee held. at,Se. Fames’s,. his ‘Serene EHighnefs. Prince. Erne of Mecklen- burgh Strelitz, brother to her Majefty, was pene for the finft time fince. his..asrival England, which was on June-23. . Thurfday 28.: - The fir ftone of the new office for the NewRiver Company was izid by Mr Holford, governor. The-cursentcoin of the. kiagdom was':laid ynderneach the ftone, and-che fol- lowing in{criprion engraved wpan it, Fir fone laid by Peter Holford, Efq; Governor. © . SixGeorge Colcbrooke, Bart. Depury- Governor. - Henry Bemers, Efq;. Tresfurer, uxviik, M.DCC LXX, } Milne, Archito&. -Dhe Scie -of this buikling is that-of the plap:houle: w hese Shakefpeare aGed. : Briday 29. - Adiout-ewo.in the morning a detashment of Peutiisn Soldiers fuddenly appeared before Damzink, and. made prifoners. parc of the sity guard. This ho&tile:spcafue is.aforib- Z | Hiftorieal Chronicle; Fuly, 1770: . ed. to two caufes, one the magiftiaes fore’

bidding his officers to levy men within the jurifdi tion of chat free citys the other, the Poftmafter’s refuting to. pals fomecatks of fil- ver, dire@rd to the Prufian Refident, wickput examinat on. Be that as tt may, he bas ak manded 19p,000 ducats, By way of.fatisfac- tiga,, and itbere js no. reafon to believe. that he will regal. his fo'diers before-every pen- ny of the money is paid. % Alderman Trecothick, after his election, (fce pag..278.) addrefied himfelf to whe Li- very in a very elegant. fpeech, in which hé thanked them for.the honour done ‘him, ,Ja- mented the occafign of it, paid a-high.eoms plimen: to the memory of -his Predecefior, with’d. the eleéiion had gone in che regular courfe, .exprefled his regard for Sir Henry Banks ; and concluded with declaring, ‘that without -regard to any political reafons, he fhould do his.duty.,, ‘‘ I fhall, fays-‘le, de- my endeavqur to obferve ftrittly the laws, but it will.be in your power only, my fellow citizens, that I may ¢o it with effest. This addrefs was receivéd with great ap- playfe, tho’ fomeof the Livery feemed not very well to: relifh the comphiment paid to Siz Heary Baaks, fo clofe. after the com- pliment to Mr- Beckford. They thought ic polite enough to pay cqmpliments indifcri- minately to all forts of mén, but.they cauld not seconcile it. to themfeives in faét, how Mr. Beckford thould be fo very grad fort of @ man, and at the fame time that Sir Henry Banks, who.a@ted. always in dice& oppcfi- tion to him, hoyld he fo g-od jovs of aman likewife. Plain men. cannot eafily ‘bring themfelves to any thing. of tbat fart. After the..bufinefs of the Court was over, Mr. Richayd,Oliver, at the requelt of {ome gentlemen on the Huftings addrefied the Li- very in the following manner = ** Gentlemen.of the Livery, ** Iris withthe greateft concern I‘ muft in« form. you, that my brother, Mr. ‘Thomas Oliver, the late candidate for your favour as Reprefentative.of this city, lies dangeroufly ill of a violont-fever, which for two days ae has deprived him of his fenfes.. In an merval of his Teafon yefteiday, ¢xpeQing his death, he exprefied great anxiety left the Livery of London thoyld be left without a candidate whom they might rely upon for his fidelity,—-he -defired me to make his exqufes to the public, for whole fervice only he had confented to become a. candidate, andto réprefent tu you,, that his fevere iil- reis muf prevent him from compleating. his freedom, and being your member at prefent ; he therefore humbly begs leave to decline, and returps you his moft figcete thanks for the very great encouragement he has rectiv- edon his:cahvals, — ‘< Having faidches much, Gentlemen, for my-htother, your Jace Candidate, I muft in- &reat your permiffion to {peak a few words for myfelf, 3 was very fax from my with or ; datention

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' goo feet d a famities: are . apa. fettled there, and. it intention ever to have taken ani adlive part in any public affairs ; but -the prefent fituation of this country: calls aloud dn every honeft man to retinquith his own eafe, his own bes retirement, and to ftand up in the efence of thofe rights, which whoever knows the value of them, will never abandon but ‘awithhis tife ¢ I therefore now. folicit your votes and incete tt Soo mote Tam adtuated by the fame motives, :and~poffefs the fame teal for. your fervice ;.and I hope by your ‘“wigorous. fuppost to prevent the opportunity, which my brother’s illncf$ might. otherwife chave given to: your Adyerfaries, to impofe upon:youfome affociate of their awn, to af- ' fift'them isthe profecution of thofe dchemes which. Jiave-called down upon them the cur- -fes of their injuredcoc. ry. It is for this » redfon only, I now offer myfelf a candidate -for-your votes and-intereft, to be eleéted one of your Re prefentatives in ’ Parliament, » © Fewill. be my conftant ftudy to repre- fent you faithfully, and.to have no.objed in ‘withe but your.v elfare, happinefs, honour, an@fecutity.;-for T never could imagine that any power was ever beftowed upon a Repre- fentative for any other purpofe but the ‘ad- vantage of the confticuents.” A egular town, juft planned, on an ex- eellent fea-port ‘in the county of Mayo, in Ireland, is.now almoftcompleated. It con- Gifts of: four fireets, each fifty: feet wide, a fmall fquare, and. an .octogon market-place ber of Proteftant ifes. fair to-be one of the moft flourith- bog lictle towns in all Freland, ° Saturday 30 Serjeant Glynn moyedthe Court of King’s Bench, for judgment upon Mr. Almon, who» had been convi@ed of feiling Junius’s * Teterto the King, (fee p. 277) and urged feverat ma.ters in extenuation of the.crime, -which.not being thought fufficient, the.court altowed farther time to, exculpate ‘himfelf. ‘The temeins of the Rt, Hon.. William Beckford, late Lord. Mayor of- London, ‘ swere interred at Fonthill in Wilthire. Menday JvuL¥ 2. The Parliament of Paris publifhed a thun- dering Arret againft the Duke.d’ Aiguillon, , who was lately charged with feveral articles of oppreffion, «it his. Jate government of the Province of: Britanny, of which articles he has not yet been cleared in due form of law. ‘The next day.the king annulled this arret. The Society of Free Britith Fithery have received advice, that: their--Jagger arrived this day at Hamburg, witha. catgo of fine early caught herrings, which eigen fold-wt a great pees. . The Anuniverfary of Pom Commemoration of the Founders and Benefaétors of the Uni- verfity. of Oxford, was oglabrated at the ‘Theatre there, with the ufual folemnities, The commemuration fpeeeh was delivered 340 The Gunrerisan” 8: MAGAZINE, ‘Voi. XL: ‘and daring that has been known, by the Rev. Dr: Nowell, principal of St, Mary Hatt; : The fame day the Commencement was held ac Cambridge, ; 4e This morning were ‘executed at Tyburn, purfuant to their fentence, James Attaway and” Richard’ Bailey, for ftealing # quantity of plate in the houfe of Thomas Le Merr, Efq; in Bedford-row ; Danie! Pftuyer, for burglary in the houfe of Robert Walker, in Lictle Carter. -lane; Francis: Lutterell, for ftealing wearing appa‘el, the property of Thomas Jackfon, in the *houfe of William Shepherd, in Bell-yard, Temple: bar; and John Read, alias Mitler, for returning from tvanfportation. The robbery for which Attaway and Bailey fuffered, was'one'of the moft-artful, About nine in the evening, Mr. Le Merr, the.pro- fecutor, being in the country, they, withan accomplice not yet taken, knock’d at the door of his houfe, and when it was opened, Bailey delivered a letter to at Sane which he faid was for his mafter ;but before the man could read the direGtion, they. burft in at the door, thut it, and one of the villains ftabbed him in the belly with a dagger ; they then took a cord which they had provided, tied his hands behind him, robbed him of his watch, and dragged him down ftairs into the kitchen, where they undid: his. hands, and mace him tight 2 candle ; this done, they tied his hands behind :him a fecend time, bringing the rope firft round his neck, then acrofs his face, and in’ fuch a maser that it went through his mouth, and cpn- fined it open, making the ends Of the repe faft behind. ‘Thus bound, they:dragged him back into a dark place, and there bolted him in. Ina few minutes one-ofthem returned to fee ifhe was faft, and beittg told, as well ‘*as the man could fpeak, ‘that her was faft Enough, they chen burft opéw the .pantry, where thé'plate was, and-packed ie up. » In the mean time the man had gnawed the rope in two with‘ his: teéth;. and got his: hands loofe. “* I then thought, (fays the man, ‘in his evidence: before: the Courts) thacif I could get a brick out at the top, ZL. might get up into the area, and not ftay bleeding there while they were robbing: my mafter’s houfe. I burft open the door, and. liftened in the pete, to fee ‘whether they -heard me, thinking if they did, 1 wasadeadman. These'is a thy light: T got hold of a.teaden pipe, and gee ap, and burft the window: with my bead. Tn trying to: get through, I fuck half in and half ot, and could: neither get one way nor the other; for about three or * four utinutes, with the rope aboatmé, At latt-I'got ont, ahd into the ftable, and.from thenre’ into the coach: houfe, and out of that into the yard 3 then I called for help’.as faft as‘poffible: - FT went out of the back: ftable- yard to a public houfe; and immediately five or fix men came, &c. A « —— —_— Bae os Ao ea A Sw Se SY te Ss “. k& * a —_

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HISTORICA At a wardmote held this day, for the Ward of Billingfgate,. Richard Oliver, Efq; was unanimoufly ele&ed Alderman, in the room of the tate Rt Hon, William Beckford. This day.the two Kennedies were agein brought before thé Court.of King’s Bench, on the appeab-againft them, for che murder of Bigby the: watchman, oo Weftminfer-, bridge, buta point of law.arifing, they were ceniitted to-prifon, \(Sge pag. 273+)... ... A motidn was.made. by Mr,,Wallace,, to fet afide the-date election -of a Coronér for Surrey; as Mr. Peck, itiwas urged, had ob- tained: his cleion by one who had no right to vote, But:the mocion was difmniffed till the rightsof all the voters fhould be de= termined. Thurfdry 5. : His Grace the Archbithop of Canterbury fet out from: Lambeth, accompanied by the Bithop of Peterborough, Dr. Calvert, the Vicar General, and Mr. Backhoufe the Archdeacon, on his vifitations.. . Gaméon before Lord. Mansfield, in the Court of King’s Bench, a caufe in which the Re. Hon. Ld, Grofvenor was plaintiff, and his Rs: H.-the D, of Cumberland was de- fendant :. the action was laid for unneceflary communication with his Lordthip’s Confort, and the damages fet forth at 100,0001, See trial, p. 314. wat re ‘Const of Common Council, a motiow was. made and feconded, that a ftatue ‘be ereéted to the memory of the late Right Hon. Wiltiam Beckfoid, with an infcrip- tion, containing the words which his Lord- thip-fpoke to his Majefty, at St. James’s, on prefenting the City Remon@rance, (fee p. 218.). which: was agreed to without, one -diffenting. vaice. é The new Imperial Embaffador had an dudience-of his.Majefty, in order to deliver his credentials, . 4 A. gentleman; in the neighbourhood of Grenoble -in France, narrowly efcaped be- -ing affaffinated in his own houfe, by a fet of villains, who had contrived co conceal one of their companions in a portmanteau trunk, wwhich they fent as from a friend of his, who was to come to. pafs a few days with him at his Country-feat.. The villaay was difcover- ed by.the fagacity of the houfe dog, who oppofed the introduétion of the trunk into the houfe, and: barked. inceffantly while it.was -ksinging in: this raifed a fufpicion: the gentleman confulted his neighbours: the :{ffue was, they agreed to carry, the trunk wpon'the wafte, and hoot at it: they did fu, and-wpon the firft difcharge they heard the - @ties ofa wounded man. On breaking open the trunk, shey found him juft expiring, “with ‘aodwace of. piftols, a dagger, and a whiftle-by-him.. They fent for a conftable, ‘and: having: properly. prepared themfelves, >) jm the middie of, the night they blew the 's: oghiftlé, when fix. men approached, two of ®.coyhomethey- killed, two.they feized, and twe found means.te efcape, ‘Nobléinam of the'fict diftindioa, wich hie a> : rt FE: cae : as, Friday 6. ~ : His ‘Majefty in Council, ‘was this day: pleafed to order, that the Pa-liament which ftands prorogued to Thurfday the_rgth. inf. be'further prorogued to Tuefday the 25th of Seprember, aren At the Seffion of the Peace held at Guile hall, the‘Court were ananimous im their opi» nion that the port of London thould be‘open= ed for the free importation of oatsy-2 » 5: ‘ Wednefday ty i eds The Efe&ion’ came on at Scarbordagh, for a Membef to ferve in Parliament for that Borough in: the room of Mr: Qfbaldittien deceafed, when Sir fofeph Pennyman,: and Bell, Efq; were both returnedip the former in the intereft' of Lord Rockingham; and the latter in that of the Marquis»of Granby. ee eo Came onthe election ofa member to in Parliament for the city.of London, in the room of the late Right Hon. Wili»m-Béek- ford, Efq; deceafed, when Richard Ofiver; Efq; was chofen without oppofition;, Et+is hoped the tate examples of the cities ¢f bors don and Weftminfter, in chafing theit Mem- bers without expence, will be foltowed by-all the corporations’ throughout England, aad then all complaints ‘wil! ceafe. t Dr, George Fordyce was elefted Phyfi- cian to St. Thomas’s Hofpitat, in: the room of the late Dr. Akenfide. aie j Letters arrived’ this day with the news of the lofs of his Majefty’s floop. Jamaica, Capt Talbot, off the Coleradoes, the.officers and men all faved, and brought to Engiend by the Renown lately arrived at Portimoyth, Friday, 13. vite Sim A new ftatute to regulate the accademicad ‘habits was paffed in the convocation at Ox- ford, by which the difputes that have Mrer ly agitated that feat of Jearuing, are finally terminated. Thefe difputeswere not of fo trifling a: nature as they have been repre- fented to be; the point in queftion was:not fo, much whether th's or-that rank-ordégreé of accadeinics, fhould-be diftinguitherl by this or that peculiar gown or cap, as whether the ftacutes of the Univerfity thould: bedifpenced with at the will and pleafure of any particu- lar head of a college ; or évearby she autho- rity of the heads of the houfes:in‘generat, in- dependently of the convocation, in which the legiflative -power refided-: this ftatuce has ee ‘therefore placed the’ whole of-this miaccer upon a proper fouting. Saturday t4e His Majefty has been yracioufly pleafed to direé& that the Tfland of Doniinica frould be erégtetl into-a government, feparate from, and independant of the general government “of the Southern Caribbee Iflands, of which ic before made a parts and:fo appoint Sir William Young, Bart. governor thereof, » The following extraordinary circumftance happened at avvinn in Canterbury, .A y twe

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two fifters, came theré in a poft coach and fout, with che blinds‘clofethut. As foones © the,coach ftopped in thig' yard, all the fer-" ‘Yahts belonging 1d the ian were fent out of the Way, and nove were fulfered to come-neat the coach- bug theirawa attendants, - One af the Ladies fax nedr two hours, and then or- déted a}! che candles in the Roufe to be put, Out, the: gates be fhut, and evenshe matter end miltrefs of the haute: besbfect, while chair was. brought by hep own fervants to te- ceive her frem) the coach and carry ‘her to bed... She: remainéd, -at-the .inn- till two slock the wext day, wheo.‘the*fime pre- ‘esuplons. were made ufeof: aebefore.co'carry her) to, ber, eoach; which.-immeétiiacely' drove off, with he biinds.yp ,* towards Davér. It was follow a 5:in-about foot hours after, by another: coach, attended by two: fervants .in the fame,jiyeties. . Boch coaches hada ducal eatonet with a eypher'R,. bivoty ? } 16, -.. A-temarkable tryal came.on before Lord Mansfield, ac Guildbali, in which Mr. Puller the; Banker, wat plaintiff, arid one Kk, & -horfe: déalee..ih Smithfield, ..was defendant ; the ation was brought for money recovered twice: upon the fame draught ; gad the cafe, was this: K— hadicatried a draught, for cond. to, the houfe of Honey- wood ‘and, Company, , bankers, - about ten Fears, ago, and received the money for it ; this, draught in the. hnrry ‘of bufinefs, wat Put.upon the: file without being cancelled, which one of the Clerks obierving, took his Opportuni'y to cake’ it off, and to Carry it Pack to. K—,. telling: him, thar-he ‘might Get the money’ for it. azrin;: by entiloyint another. perfon,.td arty it t his matters, and they mizht' thane the money between them ; to this \K— readily: corfénted, and: employ- e! one Marthal jo go-to the bankers and re- ‘ceive the mindy; which he did, not kriow- ny at that time’, chat. the money had been yeceived before... . Phe: fraiid’ fucceeded ; aad agi iinocent mart, (upon the deficiency of ‘was. fufpeGed and diftharged, and havin ‘ his: character wat obliged to leave h ‘Crinry, and feek for bread in Jawiaica. ‘Bur a few’ months ago, thé young fellow who was afludlly concerned; fitkened ‘at lls wineléls at-Flitigate, and finding death ap- Prbachiog, called his'uncie to’ him, atid ih his lait moments revealed the whole fecret. ‘The untle ating no other evitlence' td pro- duce but the. confeffion of his nephew, did not. think himfelft watranced to charge K— with fo heitiousy an offénce, and: therefore Faid nothing of it, cill a quarrel happening becweth Mathal arid K—, on atcount ofa horfe which the latter had! fold to thé former, ‘when he-xavk-eccafiaiad afk Matthal, if He ‘yemembihed: rectiving fuch a draught: for K—, wttofaid He did. ° Asti this manner ‘was’ chisytémat Kable’ trapfa@tiod broughe to Tight. “Fhe Jury withont going ont of court, gaveva’ vetdict itr fervour of the plzinci, with cath. at the banket’s being examined into, ) s g4z =o The. Gerteuan’s MAGAZINE Vol. XL: fall coffs of fitic, and'ined ref fot-the- moriey fiont the .day ‘it. was rereivint faudjentlyy t6 thedaf it-was paid. 6). + Eons Wedrefday 18. ' ’ Dhe feffionsiat: the Oid-Baily, which'be- ‘pati om. the: pieceetling Weidnefday, endedy at. which feven:pé*fonsy three: of them for murder, seceived fentence sof ecteash. It was the*largeft feffions that has-been‘knowiy and many wery remarkable y iah-were heard, partiowlarly: that of Greaves: fOr feming. his heufe op fitey and of the three: muscerers} two of whom were for thestiurder of Meffrs, Venables’ and” Rogers, by thootisg them dead‘oh ‘thehighway (fee p:'274).and- the third; a watchman for the mu derwfra wo- man with whom he cobabited, by. fabbing ~her-go. the heart... Greaves ‘was ‘acquitted Upon two- indiétments, for want of )poliiive proof, though circumsances: were trong agdinft him. ‘ ne -..Cameon before Lord Mai field ail a fpe’ cial Jury, at Guildha!!, Londans thé. vial of Mr. Mitier, . for republithing: janies's lettet in’ the’ London’ Evening’ Poft; only feven of ithe fpeciai jury atteudbds foi that five tateimen were allowed:ta be/mkeb olt of the box, The jury. enclofed aout eleven} and at feven-they w-ited- upon: Lord Mauns- field at his houfe,. with theitwexdi&,, Nor Guinty. bs jis j * ‘Thé: faite, day the trialo® M4, Baldwin ca@ on befdre the fame: Jusdge, auc:a' fpe- cial jury,:a* the fame place's ony fevenef this: jury Lkew'fe appeated,, arid. .herefare five weve taken out.of the!box, they.- en- clofed- about: three; and ..waited, «pow Lord Mansficld about five, with -eheir: werdir, Nor Geartry.. The-argementaigon thefe trials being judged of importaaces.aecdm- ferted avilarges (Sed p.279i) Vilar feliayy dGor © carte os Peter Conoway and- Michael Richard fon, “forthe ‘mutder of Mr. Venables: am! Mr. Rogers, were ezecaced: at Lybookh, purt fuant to their fentence, They were con: -vidted on the evidence of, ane.Jackfon, an accomplice, who fore; that theday be fore the murder was committed; they boughv.a brate-of old.piftols in George fircec ; thet they loaded’ thém with bis of the handles df ‘pewtey fpoons ; that they: stopped? the de- ceafed with intent to rob them, but being ftout- men they knocked) Rithardfon and Fox; not yet taken} down twice ; that feat- ‘ing, to: be overpoweréd,;. Richardfon thot e ley Venables, and Conaway thot Rogers at tie fame time.: - Conaway? at An refried: so plead, but being takew down anu deewrehe -epparatus for prefitig him co death, if be -refufed; be relevted,-ard afier, conde mis- 4ibn, he feemed much mbvwed,. shckblefied sthe judges fer sheit Kindhefs m him.: “Dhey -were: both brought back. from tse . place-of execution ‘to Surgeon's’: Bralb, where their chains were put ony. and afterwauis were thang: upon .a- gibbec. at Milé~ends near the place where the murder-wis re,

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Jobe Parcel, che: wacchman, for the murder of the woman with’ whom: he co* habired, was executed at the fame time, and to Surgeons Hat-in order to be ted... He: was-anoid foldier, and én- “a4 penton for his formbsfervices: Fle inet the iatemion of murder, and faid, that having been out with: the déceafed a~ inking,they! came’ home- together late '; thata dog tiey. kéepe being cru efome, he in bis paffion fang a knife ac him, which un- forwnately cook. place in’ the deceafed’s hear, He never: ancempted co fly from judice, bee told the neighbours. what had happened, yet there was no satteece doubt of his guilt. Friday 2 ~The. Pott: bay pa Acs the Chichefter- mail, had it privately ftolen from~him be- nween Newingtow and . ‘Clapton, by cutting the firaps which: tied ict to the cart, while she hay was afleep : it has fince been found ina dich with mof of thé- letters opened; and-fome-of the bags carried off, Meaday 23.. ;, As account was received at the General Bott-Otice, that‘on Sanday the ad of: June, about 15 minates after feven in the evening, they felt, at-Cape Nico!a Mole, four vio- dent thocks of an earthquake ; the moft fe- vere: lated two minutes and a half, accom- pied with @ noife much fike the ‘echo that “beard froth che: hilis after the firing of we@nnon, ‘but the town: fortunately received “po demage? And-bya Freath floop of war that arrived: there’ thrée days after, from pe hare on the fame ifland, they re- the mielangholy account of thé total rdemolinion of that city, not gne houfe left Randing y “andrabove s00:perfons buried in the reins; che feveve fhock there lated four hours ; that the.towns of Petit Gouave, and Leogane equaly foffered; but few of the in- Rabitants perithed. “Phe plainsof Leogane, Oul.de' Sac, Port.au -Prince, and Petit Gouave; bas not efcaped, all ‘their fugar- cworks being totally deittoyed, and a {mail nows , caliéd- La Croke dé Bougult, with the eroucen peitof ite inkabicams, is fwallowéd wp. ‘St. Mark’sy Port dé Paint, the Cape, i and Pott Daephia; Only felt the -thock as they did av thé Mole. : Reprephet ms + by cs Lords of die “‘Tresfury to the City-Mentbers, for the Exe dang’ Of the Fleet-prifoa, for ground’ th St. George's Fiaidé, tor erea anew ‘Goal, ‘tas reported’ to x Court of Common Council. “Phe'Lords of: the Freafury propdfed to ex- e thé Scies of the Prifon (hot-an acit ‘wid @ taf} cdpether. with: the old: materials (net: -Wortl ‘one “thoyfend pounds) for four acres and # quarter of ground at the circus in ts Ficus atid five thoufand pounds, thatthe City will pull dows the Ket,: and sebuild the fame inthe “ehe'Pyifon, thet thé whole'exceat of tld: Piece profeat: Market may becomes ftrect, © +d HISTORICAL pt 1eL E. | Wari: 343 oT four acres. of fra sa a 3 we ty ta i ay but it was > won meee pelle; Piece ok ay ies ee po “Exel, acre and a me kon se et, which : Sonat ah. Tf ate 10 Wouiead ba pounds isunfesfonatie. - ‘Much mite 19; pect that.che. City thould' pull-down an build s Market, which to d0, and to would cot at leat thirty: - That it tad never. ‘been: fully red whether. the Seite of the Prifon would admic being: made a Market. equaily canyentent with the prefent,. and therefore that could not at-once be: admitted; though’ hie” Bro pofal had been advantageous, That if ever an-exchange of ‘ground took place, the: removal of the Rietist Was not to be ftipplated or expefted.’ The was therefore rejeGed ; ‘and’ e-quefticn 5 pofed,. that their Lordthips be. acquai $y the City. Remembrancer that this Cut can- mot agree to their propofal,: but that to 'ac- commodate the spubsick, they ‘ate féeady te treat for an exchange of lands fot the parpofe of buikting # séw prifoe in! Str Gedrge’s Bjetds, wichour being. fubjc® to any obtaae tion toremove the Fleet Market from wheré it : now) ftands: it was carried in the af- tive, This moriiing: hee ely AE a fire was difeovered at the upper end of the Ley- ing, Houle, it die Dack-¥iatd} which burning: with great “fury, fobs, afret- wards communicated? felf tothe new Hentp. houfe, the Carpenters Shops; and to che lictle Mat. houfe, -ail, which: baildings are entirely comfumed, with the Breateft part of the Stores which they tontained, ccnfifting of about two or three hundred tons of Hemp,-a Hreat quanticy-of Pitch, Ter, Sails, Rigging, pnd Mafts, withiall: the? ke, whi.h lay near the faid buildings, We bave not ag yet been able za know the lots of lives owthis dreadful occafion,, but fume fave been tof, and many limbs: broken. Mr. Eddowes’s houfe keeper died of the, fright.” Fhe fice broke out in. five different»parcs not contig - ous to each other; deveral perfons aré in hokbon fufpiciom of wilfully fetting it ‘on fire, There ‘ate confumed,. befides . the Buildings, as méay Ropes,: "Sails, Matts, &c. as would have equipt 30°Sait of Men of ‘The whole lofs is compet es ‘$00,001. 2 saflay. 31 The fate of tke war.in che. Morea is: ftiti very flu@uating, at leaft the accounts redaci to-it are {@ various, that nothing, can be fad with certainty, except that the:ravages com- aniteg : by both armies on the poor ishabi- fautsy we dreadfol; and the cruelties perpetrased

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Lips of Birbi,° to human, nature. ‘Letters of the beft credit item to favour the Ruffians; but the next poft'may’ poffibly contradi&t whiat was faidin the ‘lat, and the’ ‘Turks in their turn may become viGorions. ‘In Moravia and Walachia, nothing of con- fequence has yet been undertaken, but as.the Grand Armies are making hafty marches to’ approach one another, a tc battle. ig’ howdy ex petted, Ty France the trial of the: Duke d’Aiguil- Yon, has ‘occ¥fioned the warmett contention between the King and Parliament. The King has fuppreft: the charge againft thar Nobleman, and the Parlidment: bas.rémon- firated againft that fuppreffion. The'anfwer which the King gave to the deputation of 40 Members; who prefeared the Remon- frac; wasconceived in the following terms,’ << After the deree-you gave on the 2dof this month, which I have annulled, E ought not v0 liften to “your reprefentations ; I will never permit any oppofition ro the execution of my letters patent; and I forbid you, un- der the pains of difobedience, to throw any obftacle in the way of the Duke a’ Aigvillon’ s enjoyment of all the rights and oo of Peerage in your Affembly. od : Lift of Births, for the Year 1770. yours. Hs: Grace thé Dutchefs of Portland—of-a fon. 1d.Lady of James, Townfend Ofwald, Efq;-—of a fon. 49. Lady of Sir Thomas Egerton, Bart. —of'a daughtér, Liit of Marriages. for the Year 1790: Amvel Edwards, Efg; Pro@tot in thé Commons~.to He lity Robinfon, of Beaufort’s Building Major Tuckere ot the firlt reg. of horfe =—to Mifs Baker: Junz 26, Gerard Lake, Efq; of Afton- Clinton, Bucks—to Mifs Batker, Curzon-ft. Alesander Fordyce, Eq; Bankerooto La- dy Marg. Lindfey , of Balcarras, 2d daughter of Earl Balcarras; 27. Abraham Sylva, a Jew broker—to Mifs Lopez Fesnandes, Somerfet-ftreet. 28. Wm Beefton, Efq; Upper-Brook-ftr, w=to Mifs Amelia Snelgrove , of Panton ftr. John Gu fe, Efq; of Highnam, Glouceft. e jos Wright of Milman-ftreet. ofeph Wilmot, Efg;—to Mrs Kiog- fon: enfington. John Haynes, of Pall-mall, Efq;—to Mifs Butcher of Knightfori idge. 30. Gen. ee Mifs Williams, of Argyle building Co}. Bradthavre "of Kenfington—to- Mifs Elizabeth Cufty youngeft daughrer “0 the late Speaker. jury 1..Philip Mortimer, Efg; of Bru- ton-ttt.—to Mifs Eliz. Doyle of May-fair; . William Snefl, =a Salifbuty-hall— te iis Eliz. Wilfonn, of Lombard-Rreet, 344 perpetrated it cold blood, fhocking.

ya Frederick Athaood, of St $¢ Jame 3-ftr.' 3——to Mifs Mart. Goadby; aad me Trumball, Efq; Great George-fireet — PMA Beton f Abingdon buildings f Argyle- bei ‘o Mifs Byala, Rew Bant- ~ mths Elfior, of Chelfea—te Mifs Arnold “(Ridiéecn 11. Earl Fitawilfiaim—to Lady Charlotte Ponfonby, daughter to E. Befhorough. ms Winbolt, Efq; cs Bark Bond fir. ifs Sarah Pennant, U pper Brook ftreet. ae ‘John Andrews, Efq; Surgeon to his late R, H. the D, of Cumberland, - fo Mifs Bright of Durhamy- -- Bat jot Newcombe, Efq; of Bruton: fy a Efiz, Wootton, Great Ruftell-ftreet; * 12. John Wefttroke, Bq; of Naveftock— to Mifs Stane; of Foref , Effex.” Mis be Watfon, Efq; ‘of Keotith: ‘towra—te Ms Duthy of Highgate. 19. Charles Pelham, of Brocklefby; Et —to Mifs Sophia" Aufrere. of Chelfea.. Mr. Huime, aythor of the “Eragedy Douglas. &e.—ta Mi Mite. Hume, of of Cold- tr ogg ag Nee é: z 21. Tho, xwell Adams, of James’s-ftreet—to. Mrs F fines ia; Mr, Hayne, of the Bank—To Mis. Far: ris of Bridgewater, - Cape. Barton, of Greenwich—to ° ‘Mifs Oi.ivine, of De 22 James Auftin, “Rig;—to Mit Matig Shaw, of Portland-ftreet. George Auguftus Lane, Ef; of Ham- merfmith—to Mifs Mary Sophia Bowyer, of Eltham, with 30,0001. Mr. Everaid Sturgis, late Cornet in Mof- tyn’s Dragoon’s—to Mifs Haffeniden, of vem Totegh Pinfld , Eta; of Bak 2 ote in 309 ‘On-TOW— to ti eee of Clerges- treet. My. War. Gomm, junr. of Clerkenwell, to Mifs Wykes, late of Snow-hill, } Lift of Deaths forthe Year np70. » , Rancis Erneft ,CountSalma Ruffeicheid, Bithop of Tournay, aged 7%. . tancis Bons, in'the’ Agenoife, aged #20. . Wm Harwartd, Barrifter ac Law, ‘member for Latiefborough. Rev: Mr. Loxham, of Boulton, Tadoothire, aged 80, Vicar 44 years. : ‘< hss ht Balt, Efq; Lieut.’ Gov. of Jerfey. © He fignalized himfelf at Fontenoy.: °: Hon, Arthur Trevor, Efq; only fon ‘of Lord Vifc. Dungannon, member for Hillfboro’. Edward Afhenhurft, E(q; late Major-to-the Carabineers, and. the Jaft of the male ling of an aatient family, late of Park- wall, ip Staffordthire. -Hon. Mifs Dormer, niece’to’E, Shrew fbury, John Chambers, Efq; ‘at Jamaicr, — By his death scool. a-year Uevolves to his tro- . ther, Edw. Chainbers, Efq; in Devonth. John Sparkes, of Brixham, aged 105. aie

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I bp ‘of Marriages,’ Deaths, wee. "was carried to:the grave by ei he men and womien, all grand children, the eldeff of whom was forty years of age, and none of them married. "The Rev. Dr, Bernard Diemel, preachet at the Dutch Chapel, St. James's; he'was a native of Frankfort upon the Oder. : Me Yaron) famous for curia g cancers, aged ; in Ireland, Tere 27. Rev. Dr Ballard, 2 Prebend of Weitm. and V, of St. Bride’s; Fleetftreet. Rev, Jas Mafters, D.D. at Lambeth mart. James Taylor, who had his fkull fraétured in a fray with acountry cateer, The carter. has fince been ttied and acquitted. - 29. Geo. Farell, Efq; Weft-India merchant, Lacy of Geo. Wolf, Efq; at Mitcham. . Rev. Mr Vyfe, R. of St Philip’s, Birming- hatn, Archdeacon of Salop, &c\ ‘Rev. Dr Reeks , R. of Stratfordtony, Wilts, Wm Beacher, Efq; at Peckhant, aged 20. He was foon to have been married. Alex, Palmer, Efq; of St James's-ftreet. fois 5. Mr Wallace, a capital Merchant in che Minories Mr Barrett, Superintendant of the Buildings ‘at che Queen’s Palace. ‘amés Drury, Barrifter at Law, at Chelfea. iiam Jones, Efq; at Richmond, formerly a Captain of Dragoons; : ‘Mrs°Saunders, of the’ fright oceafioned by , being burnt out in Butcher-row. 2. John Brooks, Efq; at Highgate. ° mM, Bennet, a capital Horfe-dealer near Hyde-park. Mrs Bertie, Lady of Peregrine Bertie, E{q; of Layton, Effex. 3. Lady of the lace Re Hon. Ld Wm-Begu- : Yah brother to the Duke of St Alban’s. Sir ‘Thomas Hankey, Knt. the great Banker, ‘Rev, Dr Tew, of Boldon'R. near Newcaftle, * Among other charitjes he has given’ 5001. *¢0 thé Society for. propagating the Goffel; -go0l. to Chrift’s Hofpital ; where he had the rudiments of his.education ; and 2001 to the Sons of the Clergy. + Soe Gammon, .apothecary .in Smith- i Comyns, Efq;in Leicefter- fields. . George Wilkinfon, Ef Hamftead. _ Sir Detid Cunninghemof Corsebill, Scotland, 5. Jonathan Bradley, Efq; in Farley: -ftreet, Cavendith {quare. Mr. Wroughton, mer. io the ‘African trade. ~ Mifs Penelopé Lané, an Afftican lady, at Tflington, worth 50,0001. . 6; Rev, Dr. Michlefon, Minifter of the Da- nifh Church‘in Wellclofe-fquare. Lady Pethall, mother of Sir John, at Hawn, ' Salop, *. Mr, Jonas Berry, inthe Grange, Southwark, aged 112.- He was fedlerto Q. Anne. 9. Robert Rofs aged gs, the old- o> ef ys erin . f,. Duke de Duras, MarMial of France, and Rex. "We Rinne Maer, Edward's wee Grees: -Scbool, in Chelmsford, ~ Lieut. Col. my ee “BRS ‘Right Hon, Richard Clayton; Bfgy‘at Aa- ington in Lancafttire, lace Juttice of the Court of Common Pléay'in Ireland. Henry Pinhe, Efq; at Kenithot, Hants, 9. me? Graygoy e, of Greén’ frreet. He has left _z0,o0ol, to Mrs. Sher, Id, wife “to Mr. Sbeérgold, mafter of the Se, Alban’s tavern, and to" coo'l. & om relations, Geotge Clowdefley , ENG Rol. Gueft;-Efq; at Thisgton, on, pole ofa large eftate i in Lincolnthire, ; Thomas Cater, Efq; at'Keén > formers ly a grocer in Gracethuréh- ret. Rev. Mr! John Lumfdén, Profeffor of Divi- ~* nity in the college of Abérdeéns » 10. Capt. Ebenezer ‘Rickman, ia ‘the Fatt India company’s fervice. Thomas Shepherd, Efq; in Dike’ ft: Weftih. Bi ome a direc. Sart EL Ii & ymmtonds, at Ke Her futher ree Tener teforé, ' "andvetcionss 400016 12.’ Mr Jefferies, 2 farmer ar Uxbrid aged 104. A ée, WiiKam Cooper, Efq; mér, in the ‘Poultry. Lady of Charles Jenkinfon; Ef, rhiémber for ‘Appleby, formerly fecr to the Earl ' of Bute, and now ‘one of the Lords of the Treafury, 33. Francis Ellis, Ef; at Pullin, ‘formere ly Capt. of Marines, 14. Tereph Waltham, Efq; at Hettford. Dr. Jofeph Fitzpatrick, an At’ phyir- cian in St. Mary. Axes wo Robert Mercer, Efq; atCroydon, formerly “ ae: ry Bo the borough. nt Knightley oF” New; t near Saffron- Walden, ci. oe James Hobbs, E19; 23d Lieuty.of the, Royal Hofpital at ‘Greenwich, Relig of Sir Johis Wray, Bart. in Yorkhhite. 15. John Durnford; in QueetAnine-treer, 16. Rev. Mr. Demar; fi enly, after pay ing a morning vific. Ralph Mackie, Efq; at Lambeth: *- - - 17. Shuckburgh Jéferfon; Efq ; jin Jermyn- et. James Drinkwater, Efq; of Knighetbridge. 18. Mr. Faulkener, “at Dulwich; ‘a” wine merchant in Fenchurch: treet, . George Hofkins, Efq; at Knightfbridge. Capt. Bland, at Richmond? ~ Latty of Rob. Stewart, Eig; and daughter of the Earl of Hereford; in Ireland. 19. Jeremiah Wadaorth, attorney in Lin- coln’s-Inn; Philip Maundet, Efq; Torkey vig ineas Macintoth, of Macittoth, Efq ; * the 68th year of: his age; if Scotland. Hump. Senhovfe, Ets of Netherhall, Cume * “ berland: The Hon. Mr. Liddett, ‘brother to Lord Ravenfworth. Capt. Conroy, of the Unions from Jamaica, on his paflage home. William | Kile, of the 19th regiment of fodt. 4 Me. Francis Cotes, at Richmond in Surcy. a; The, Brimpton, Efq; neat Ipiwé: ‘ ohr

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346 Lif of Pre af a. BE Stayer ts 1939 and 2247. Phy Sha chenee, Efq; at Baaley, near Maid-.- ftone, in Kent. George Cockt at Brighthelm - pty rats ey of 4 Nasx.. 9 Warkins, Efq; ia Cold ; 4. 3 lon. “La. Charles-William Qaxen- k, fon to.the D, of Posthand. is, a in the Royal Nayy. Exsringham, E ¢ of May; fairs #5. fe. Cn, 3 Deputy. rengirer a. i ta we "EG; in Holhow;, for- ” gery a South Sea Dire@or. Ecctefiaftical Preferments. Mex. Mr, Raker, of Queen's colleges — Veiguave, V- Derbyshire. ev. Mr Baier Angee ene e7- . gaonth—to Kingfton Deverelt R. Wikes.. Rev. Thomas Whixehead, of Sc. Peter's, ‘Cambrilge—co. Eccieton, Rea. Lancadtre, . @ year. nicy College, Cambridge, te to Earl . Cértwaltis—wo. Darcy Vie Effex, wick Er- , Masten, Suffelic, asol, @ year, Rex. Dr. Keanjcotr, Prebend: of Weft- Miinfter, in room of Dr. Ballard, deceased. Joho. Newland, Elq; nneataahont ' * _ fames Glagamm, £;.a8 Cippiole ‘eI. Tomlin A cg 8a; ‘Mc. John Bower, Mexthor of Biter Hutton, Eq of Newnham, | homas. Pemberton, many yeass a Rew. Walter Wren Driffieltl, late-of Fri- - _ Rer- Joba Ht tet fave of Jege, Camb faebcengs inso Lord Tab, nd, = to Folkingion with Milos eVoza wa ‘Mr, John Nedlandenae Ber Th s Comber, date of Cot- Pode ogg. Pore R, ey ck - wend hogh in ee ey 2,901 - ‘ane “Mr. Brown, fe _ of Chrift’s Col- ns ae ae to; aa Lincolphive. 2 9 Bighton regtoty, Hoe RB KR=oTS. Charles Henly , of Manchefter, woolen crap. W.Leach, junof.Se Geo, Manrs pencer. R: aint atirea: Qachvay ,W eitmhinea-d. Sanueh Gisdtay , of Beittel,.eser (aterohapt. Thomas Duan, 96 rintom, ¥ orlgth-victwaller. ‘John Barber, of Bermingham, vintners. ». Comaran, of Joha-ft, Minnoxies, oercht. TCafiers of Bithopfaase.ft t.founger.. pnt chap a orkfa,.coat mer. cages Win. eo et 5 rarer oe weobitapler, ois udah, of Duke’s-place, Load saylor. . 08S t.Magie’s inahe fields olmman, on Dolliff, of the Mainosies, cabinet maker. wiftoh, habesds John Langford, and John Sebilde, of Sc,Mar- tin's-le-Grand, Glmerimjthsand. pauners. Abram Abrabom, of StaiGites ‘Ss Guppiegiic, money-Scrivener, Thomas. Mus phy, .of Chelfea, oe ag George Sandiisnds, of Twpadeqnat, i Dur- ham, cabinet-maker. Benjamin Hall, of Doncafer, oan John Occer'asd Joleph Taxlos, Jose aft Bride's, driciglay: Che, Romett,.of Duury-lase, enkiactrmaker. antares are Nera ~— Barley Oats pers rg to 18 17 © 04 15 to 18 16 to 42 Er shet #4 ip 18 3 1°37 t0 42 | 17 28 1g 1018 Vatiation of S$ T QO 9 w4e z Wheat ; JOLY, 2 peat *. ” | 25 to-29 PRICES of CORN ie she Gonw-Hinca ance; Ledeen: Peafe ' poner 23 $0 24f 27 to28 f 24 to 26 27 to 28 | 241025 e935 C KS this Mowh, Rye. Beans - Pale Male 20 to 27 July #& Beak Syock opened 1494 | July 25. Bank Stock is Qid S. S.. Anguisies _ B34. ; Ol4 SS, r a 3 “. oo confol, Sst ; per. cent,.gan€, 2 Long Annuities. _ i Ann. fhute, India Stock 227 Tndia Stock sioyl grh New Ss, S. Aan: — New. S. Ss sree th — #f Bonk Al rot a 3 per cent 1.75% 4 Bank Am. 1456 — 3% Bank Ann, 3756 853 Be opened 17.48 Diao 295%. _ 4 per cent confat. os! 4 per-oont.confol... ws Bill ¢ Biivealiy Aprike7. te May 22, real {airaliy ro ra ve ed y Hes S cfr r ‘Males ‘Males ‘ e ‘20 Females rat 1262 PBemaler Frog 49° o ant 72 a