The Crisis 1928-08: Vol 35 Iss 8
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| ‘AU GUST. PAVENPORT EDUCATION NUMBER ik 4 * & | | j i q q = > « 4 ¢ The Copy | @. | Fhe Year
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Another Progressive Step of the i Southern Aid Society Va., Inc. Gratifying reports of improvement in the health and mortality ratings of. colored people are frequently noted in the press, but seldom, if ever, is there any credit given the Negro Fraternals, Industrial Sick Benefit, Industrial Life and Ordinary Life Insurance Companies for this commendable race progress. These race institutions by providing during periods of illness or other dis- ability, weekly cash benefits, and by paying promptly death claims following the death of policyholders, and by giving healthful and gainful employment to thousands of colored men and women, have been potent factors in lowering the sick and death rates of the race. In fact, they have made it possible for the humblest as well as the more fortunate homes to have proper medical at- tention, hospital service when needed, proper food and care during periods of illness and disability, thereby materially reducing the periods and frequency of illness and disability and consequently prolonging the lives of thousands of race people. Then, too, the better incomes provided by the employment offered by these institutions have contributed much to the improvement of the home life, health and well-being of the colored people. The Southern Aid Society of Virginia, Inc., was among the pioneers in these health conservation measures, and is pleased to announce that on account of the improvement in the health and mortality status of the race, it will issue, begin- ning July 2, 1928, a more liberal Policy Cetract, providing, for One Small Premium, protection against Sickness, Accident and Death. Southern Aid Society of Virginia, Inc. Home Office: 525-7-9 N. 2nd Street, Richmond, Va. Operating in State of Virginia and District of Columbia | = | | d | | | | | | | |
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WE PAY OUR CLAIMS § a present or prospective policyholder you may be interested to know that this Company pays its claims “with commendable promptness.” The following is the record of claims paid since the Company began business in March, 1924: . RECORD OF CLAIMS PAID Year of Ordinary Industrial Total Payment Claims Claims Paid 1924 $4,500.00 none $4,500.00 1925 1,020.00 1,020.00 1926 7,469.01 $835.00 8,304.01 1927 23,264.17 5,240.00 28,504.17 1928 to June 30 26,550.10 2,327.33 28,877.43 TOTAL $62,803.28 $8,402.33 $71,205.61 Premiums received by the Company from these policyholders amounted to a little more than $4,500.00. The report of examination of the Company by the Illinois Insurance Department, dated April 30th, 1928, has the following statement which we do not object to you reading without any abbreviation in the copy: “During the period covered by this examination the Company has contested or settled by com- promise four claims totaling $3,500.00. Your examiners reviewed each of these claim files, as well as those of numerous other death losses incurred during the same period. In each case the Company’s action was fully justified by the facts as disclosed by the proofs of loss in file. It may be said further that the Company’s claim settlements are made with commendable prompt- ness and observance of policy provisions.” We are rather glad of the opportunity, after four short years, to report to you an established record for good faith in the payment of claims. This record can have more than casual in- terest for you in the development of plans which you do not wish to have interrupted by death or other unforseen circumstances. Give full name, occupation, and date of birth in writing the Home Office. Victory Life Insurance Company Home Office: 3621 South State St. Chicago, $200,000.00 Capital and the Only Negro Company Operating Under the PERMITTED TO DO INSURANCE BUSINESS Policies may be secured from our agents or by mail anywhere STATE OF NEW YORK" August, 1928 255 E
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100 Guest enterprising race women to increase employing either their spare or full time — Write for particulars — _ PORG COLLE There are openings for 4300 St. Ferdinand Ave. LEADING SCHOOL OF BEAUTY CULTURE » HOME OF PORO TOILET PREPARATIONS hossnsuntieiiens for Ladies — Gentian who seek an atmosphere of quiet refinement their earnings as PORO Agents, M. Turnbo-Malone, Founder and Sole Owner Complete Dining Facilities St. Louis, Mo., U.S.A. The Crisis Book Mart HIS department is for the convenience of our readers. Let us secure for you the books and the music of any publisher. Special Introductory Offer THE CRISIS 69 Fifth Avenue New York City Enclosed please find $1.00 for a ten months’ new subscription to The Crisis. Foreign postage 20c extra. Fisk [UJniversity IN THE CITY OF NASHVILLE TH The College Accredited four year liberal arts college. With 12 major departments. Music Department College major leading to B.A. degree. Diploma in music. Graduate Department Graduate work in Chemistry, English, History, Philosophy and Sociology. For Particulars, Address THE DEAN Fisk University Nashville, Tenn. 256 THe Crisis | | | | | é
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THE CRISIS A Record of the Darker Races W. E. Burcuarpt Du Bors, Editor and Manager AS THE CROW FLIES FRONTISPIECE. volume 3s, Nos Contents for August, wooie no. 214 COVER. An Oil Painting. By Hale Woodruff. “We Graduate—1928!” EDUCATION, 1928. Illustrated ... THE LITTLE PAGE. Illustrated. By Effie Lee Newsome THE N. A. A. C. P. BATTLE FRONT. THE POET’S CORNER. Poems by Clement Wood, Marion Green Page Illustrated HAT is a political campaign? Hear what the High School Teacher says: “There are in.all gov- ernments various questions of policy. They fall into two main categories and ’ there are two parties which advocate them called Conservatives and Liber- als or Rights and Lefts or Republicans and Democrats. In a campaign the chosen candidates of these parties dis- cuss by articles, speeches and radio, the chief questions of political policy and the answers of their own party.”— Thus speaks the Teacher and what she says ain't so—There are a dozen questions fronting modern nations and they can’t be crammed into two main categories.—Hence the Third parties and blocs and cartels and groups in every legislature.—Hence the frenzied effort of politicians to stop discussion, choke revolt, and penalize difference of opinion—The only difference be- tween Republicans and Democrats is the difference between the individuals who will draw the salaries and dis- tribute economic privileges for the next four years.—A political campaign is an organized effort to stop discussion OUR NEGRO “INTELLECTUALS”. By Allison Davis ......... 268 ALONG THE COLOR LINE. Illustrated ........................ 270 The Articles are illustrated with portraits of 116 Negro graduates. As the Crow Flies by the use of money or promises of profit.—Money is used for bribes and propaganda.—Propaganda expert knowledge and use of human psychol- ogy.—Don’t talk tariff but say that Hoover had a sweet temper as a boy and once gave a poor old man ten cents—tell how Smith loved his Moth- er and cherishes her bible—and so on. Blah! Poppycock! Flapdoodle!— Or sling mud. Intimate that is an Irish-hating cockney—whisper that Curtis is a Nigger (the Kansas Indians are dark and mixed). and jeer at Smith’s grammar.—Dirt! Mud! Hate! Prejudice!—And Money. Get money. Beg money. Steal money. Hold up Oil and Corporations. Stam- pede employers. Scare employees.— Pay bribes for influence and votes and newspapers by all methods that avoid the law, remembering that Money can always avoid the law.—Use names and ]% September we shall pub- lish “No White Woman”, a story, by A. L. Shands. The October Crisis is our annual Children’s Number and all pic- tures should be in our hands by August 10th. Call the atten- tion of your friends to our new features: two-colored cover, India tint paper and special in- troductory offers. suspicions and innuendo: Bolshevick? Socialist! Radical! Pacifist! Traitor! —Win the election by any and all means except the discussion of the poverty of farmers, the disfranchise- ment of Negroes, the taxation of the poor, the ownership of railways and waterfails, the immunity and privi- lege of the rich, the horror and cost of war.—Hooray! The election! Bildab wins! The country is safe for all its Sinclairs, Phillipses, Falls, Connellys, Stewarts and their ilk. The biggest campaign chest is triumphant.— Hooray and again Hooray and down with Russia, Mexico, Haiti, Nica- ragua and China. Up with Hell!— Don’t you like this! Well, who’s to blame ?—-The teams are at the stake. Smith and Robinson stand for Liquor and Lynching, Disfranchisement and Jim-crowism.— Hoover and Curtis stand for Lilly-Whitism, Segregation and to Hell with Haiti—Farmers will have their property irrigated with oil. —Drys will be wet with the Queens- boro sewer.—The slogan for both parties will be “Hee-Haw!”—Moral: Vote for Norman Thomas. The Crisis is published monthly and co yrighted by the National As precerge for the Advancement o oolored People at 69 Fifth Awenue, ew York, N. Y. 15 cents a copy, $1.50 a year. Foreign subscriptions $1.75. The dete of expiration of each subscription is printed on the wrapper. the subscription is due a blue renewal blank is enclosed. The address of @ subscriber may be changed as often as desired, but both the old and August, 1928 new address must be given and two weeks’ notice is neces. . Mens scripts and drawings relating te colored people are desired, They must be accompanied by return postage and while Tue Crisis uses every care assumes no responsibility for their safety in transit. E as class matter November 2, 1910, at the post office at New York, WN. Y., under the act of March 3, 1879. 257 | | 258 | 259 | 264 | | 265 | | | | m--
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“We Graduate—1928 4 | | | a ~% ¢ > & P % ‘a & a Tue Criss 258
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NEGRO INSTITUTIONS HE situation of Negro colleges T shows improvement but they are still very poorly endowed. Our re- ports show the following endowments: College Endowment Hampton $8,700,000 Johnson C. 1,442,952 813,845 IPS, 712,184 505,000 Virginia Union. ........ 400,000 354,991 321,000 250,000 175,000 135,000 Wilberforce ............ 120,000 New Orleans .......... 101,000 71,000 36,600 35,000 30,600 HE approximate income of the principal institutions is as follows: INCOME, Education, NEGRO COLLEGES, 1927-28 Seventeenth Annual nai Board has pledged half of this if the total is raised. Smaller campaigns for building an endowment have been in- augurated at Paine, Lane and some other schools. ‘There is considerable dificulty in securing recognition for Southern Negro colleges from the Standard College Associations. The Southern Association refuses to recog- nize Negro high schools or colleges ap- parently under any circumstances. One prominent Negro instituiton writes as follows: “In reference to the rating of University, | regret to say that our geo- graphical locations seems to hinder us considerably in this matter. ‘The State Department of Education does, of course, rate us as “A” class. We have not made any effort to be rated by any other state except New York State and they have not seen fit as yet to give us full rating. We have made applica- tion to the State College Association and to the Southern Associa- tion of Colleges of Secondary Schools, Government For Col- College and Endowment Gifts Students Total lege Work West Virginia Inst. ............ 215, ,323 312,323 148,626 626,000 000 129,080 765,020 New Orleans .. 5,050 35,949 15,000 55,999 Wilberforce .. 10,000 50,000 50,000 110,000 75,000 Fisk 50,000 000 60, 160,000 Benedict 5,865 29,130 12,387 47,382 4,250 52,000 32,250 88,500 Straight 55,000 30,000 85,000 Lincoln 36,201 19,264 55,329 110,794 88,635 Tougaloo .. 1,800 55,000 9,000 ,000 Simmons .. 31,545 21,516 53,061 Clark = 9,000 23,500 16,000 48,500 36,375 Knoxville 28,000 22,504 12,458 62,962 38,000 Talladega 12,500 115,000 70,000 197,500 197,500 Atlanta’ University 16,000 25,000 24,000 65,000 55,250 Livingstone ........... 30,300 5,146 39 462 74,908 37,454 Paine .. 1,500 34,500 15,000 51,000 Bishop be 665 30,707 28,235 59,607 14,750 Virginia Union .. 25,000 10,000 70,000 105,000 ,000 Morehouse ..... 16,000 18,765 77,835 112,600 69,700 1,750 20,000 5,000 ,750 A. @ T., N. C 85,000 500 96 ,000 181,500 88,000 aw .. 16,863 20,600 13,500 Hampton. 450,000 90,000 18,000 ,000 377,000 Virginia N. & I. I.. 357,000 165,400 145,000 » 667,400 400,440 State A. & N., S. C.. 219,443 25,000 17,966 262,509 49,950 Edward Waters na 63,989 16,000 79,989 he 168,916 63,000 28,125 260,041 260,041 = fe View 268,210 100,000 215,000 583,210 583,210 Alcorn A. & M. College... 218,092 15,583 233 ,675 Florida A. & M. College.. 163,952 50,000 45,000 258, OWARD and the State schools in lieu of endowment, have a gov- ernment appropriation. Lincoln has begun a campaign for an additional endowment of $500,000, one-half of which has been pledged conditionally by the General Education Board. Tal- ladega has a campaign for $1,000,000, of which the General Education Board has pledged one-half, and also, the Board has made a donation toward teacher salaries for three years. More- house College has begun an endowment campaign for $600,000 to be raised in three years. The General Education August, 1928 both of which refuse to give our applica- tion serious consideration. We have also applied to the North Central Association, but they refuse to enter the territory of any other accrediting agency, therefore, we have been unable to get any action there. We are at present knocking at the door of the Association of American Universities. I am hopeful that we may get some results by their next meeting in November.” Many of the colleges are recognized and rated by the Department of Edu- cation, especially that of North Caro- lina. Among outstanding happen- the 1928 ings of the year among colored col- leges have been the inauguration of a new President at Lincoln; the erec- tion and dedication of a new medical school at Howard, which cost equipped, $500,000; the fulfillment of the condi- tions by which Fisk University has re- ceived an endowment of over a million dollars; the completion of two new dormitories and a gymnasium at the Virginia Normal and Industrial In- stitute; the celebration of the Six- tieth Anniversary of Talladega Col- lege, with a dedication of its new din- ing hall; at Orangeburg, a new Agri- cultural and Science Building and Practice cottage have been erected at a cost of $135,000; a hospital has been dedicated at Tougaloo College; an Alumnus gymnasium at Knoxville; and at Prairie View a girls’ dormitory, costing $115,000, and an $85,000 hos- pital have been erected. CCORDING to our 1927 figures there were 9,740 Negroes en- rolled in Negro colleges. The figures are as follows: Howard ....... . 1668 203 Prairie View ....... 550 Morris Brown..... 184 Wilberforce ......... 531 178 531 Knoxville ......... 150 Virginia Union ..... 498 Livingstone ....... 143 West Virginia Col- tne cows 111 legiate institute .. 382 7 110 Hampton ........... Spelman .......... 104 ’ Virginia N. & I. I... 362 G on & T. 103 Bishop ... Benedict .......... 87 New Orleans........ 312 ea 74 Morehouse ......... 302 i 56 280 Arkansas Baptist. 44 234 Tougaloo ......... 57 Johnson C. Smith... 214 14 alladega .......... 210 9740 The increase during the past year is shown in the following figures for 1928: College Graduates, 1928 College Students A.B. & B.S. Prairie 681 75 Fisk . 565 85 West Vir; inia Collegiate. ge 26 Virginia Union .......... 78 56 Morgan . 43 State A. & Cc 384 31 Virginia N. 384 16 342 56 52 New Orleans.............. $19 36 312 57 Lincoln, Pa. .. 305 65 tlanta 304 35 S. Huston 302 33 Wilherforce 279 60 Talledega ty 246 36 Southern University. 233 23 Greensboro . 13 18 Livingstone .............. 144 17 Benedict ........ 131 15 Straight .. 127 14 Florida A. & M. College. 122 17 Paine ..... . 100 12 Edward Waters .......__ 44 3 Arkansas Baptist ........ 33 7 | | 7 259
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W. R. A. Palmer, D.D. Max Yergan, M.A. Moorfield Storey, LL.D. S. G. Atkins, LL.D. Recipients of Honorary Degrees from Howard, 1928. NORTHERN INSTITUTIONS HE enrollment of Negro students in Northern institutions for 1927 was as follows: Colored Students in Northern ges Number of Name of College Students Ohio State University......... ... 250 University of Kansas (65 men, 49 women) 114 University of Pittsburgh.. 101 University of Michigan (70 men, “15 women)... 85 College of the City of Detroit............ 64 Universit of ‘Southern California 59 diana University .. 59 of Illinois (36 men, “19 women). 55 College of the City of New York....... 50 University of Pennsylvania................. 50 lumbia University .. 50 University fo Minnesota (6 College, “3 Medi- cine, 2 ntistry, 2 Pharmacy, 1 Graduate School, 1 College of Engineering).... 45 University of Nebraska (23 men, 18 women). 41 University of California ............... 7” 40 University of Toledo. ...... eS 35 Kansas State Agricultural College 31 Syracuse ........... 24 arvard .... . 21 Colorado Teachers College . 18 16 Ohio University 13 International Y. M. C. A............. State College Agriculture........... 9 Massachusetts Institute Technology........ 9 Miss Jane McAllister, Ph.D. Columbia Wellesley ..... Beloit University ‘of Buffalo....... Carnegie Institute, Pittsburgh. . Peters, Ph. D. University of London Clark University, 4 4 Pennsylvania State College. 3 Smith cha 3 A survey of Negroes matriculating at Northern in- stitutions shows an increase over last year. Nam Ohio State University of Kansas............ Temple New York University... University of Pittsburgh.................... State University of lowa.. ......... Columbia University of ‘Southern California »occoeeannin of the City of Detroit.. University of Chicago.. College of the City of New York............. estern Reserve University of University of Cincinnati....................... Indiana University ............... University of Minnesota... .. University of the i of Toledo............. tate Agricu Boston University .... Cornell University .............. University of lowa State ..... University of Omaha .. Miss Jennie Ph.D. University of Cincinnati 250 145 Tue Crisis ¥ , \ Negroes in White Colleges, 1928 Enroll. ment 92 77 64 60* 59 50° 49 . & 4 14 13 ll 10 10 10 oil | | | | | | | | | | | | —
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| | | Wade Ellis Ernest Reed Miss Edith Player Miss Louise Briscoe Miss Mary Bolin M.A. Phi Kappa Lamda Laura Spelman Rocke- Valedictorian Salutatorian University of Cincinnati Ohio Wesleyan _ feller Fellow Wilberforce Wilberforce ) University of Cincinnati 17 Lawyers, 3 Engineers, and 5 with University of Kansas. have 6 Rutgers. B.A 9 ie” Des Moines. The following have 5 each: HE number of er aduates reported Otterbein. ie Institute, Colgate. e following have Clark University, Baker University. The follow- M.A h.D. Rhode ing have 3 each: Bucknell, Rhode Island State, Ohio State University ge of St. Thomas, University of Rochester, University of Omaha. Hamline University, Michigan State, Beloit, Case School. Fufts, Bowdoin, Colorado College. The following College of the City of New York have 2 each: Wesleyan, Conn., hittier, Bryn B.A g en Mawr, De Pauw, Pennsylvania State, New “BA Hampshire University, Colby, Otterbein College, Boston University. L 44 Grinnell College, Villanova. The following have B. LL. B. ... 5 Bucknell. 1 each: Stantord, MacAllister, Rensselaer Poly- M. technic, Aurora, University of buque, Case Indiana University. Wittenberg. . ity of Montana, niversity o ew exico, Willanette University of Idaho, Bar- De Pauw. University of Cincinnati. bh. D nard, Coe, Allegheny, Yankton, S. D., Case Yale of Negro descent in 1927: 187 with the Bachelor’s degree in Art, 34 Mas- Williams. ters of Art, 13 Phyisicians, 9 Lawyers Wellesley. the degree of J.D., 6 Dentists, 2 Phar- 3 In 1928 the following persons of Pennsylvania State. mith. Northern institutions: 232 with the i oR B. A. ...... 10 University of Pittsburgh. Mrs. Jane S hackelford C olumbia New August, 1928 Theodore Miles Phi Beta Kappa York Theodore Espy Salutatorian Lincoln L. H. Murray Valedictorian Lincoln Knoxville Miss Ada Fullmighter © Salutatorian 261 | | % * * j og | | |
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| Miss Vivian Nance John Coruthers John Doles, Jr. Salutatorian M.S. M.A, Benedict Wisconsin Columbia Sy Columbia. Kansas Wesleyan. B. A. - John Marshall Law. ..... B. A. : .9 Kansas State Agricultural. State University of lowa. B. A. : 2 University of Michigan. B Case School. eloit. B 1 A. i lowa State. . B. A. 2 HE general attitude of these col- leges may be indicated by extracts Bates. from their reports. ‘There are still col- leges which have never had Negro stud- ii < 1 ents. This is true of Princeton, Lehigh Carnegie. . . and several others. Vassar had one Smet: : student of Negro descent in the past A... unknowingly, and has never admitted a ees , another. Bryn Mawr has broken her J. long record and has at present two co!- , ored students, one undergraduate and one in the graduate school. Barnard Tufts. has one student. A. 2 Oberlin. Most of the institutions that write , B.A. ... 3 M.A... 4 on the subject say that they make no discrimination. For instance: Miami. Armour Institute: B. A. | Chicago Y. M. C. A. “We accept them on the same basis as B.A. .. i any other students. It seems, though, yarvard. nay , that few of them succeed in continuing LL. B. . their work to the end.” Willard Wiliamson Valedictorian A. and T., N. C. Miss S. Mildred Goodrich Salutatorian Morgan lowa Wesleyan: “We have no such students here. We should be glad, however, to enroll them if students of real ability and promise ap plied.” College of the City of New York: In regard to your fourth inquiry, let me say that the College treats Negro students on precisely the same basis as all others, making no distinction of any sort for or against any student because of his race.” University of Pennsylvania: “The University has no special policy toward Negro students. It has accepted all who have been able to satisfy the en- trance requirements and has continued them toward graduation as long as they coritinue to meet the scholastic require- ments of the different faculties. There is no color distinction whatsoever.” Pennsylvania State College: “We cannot admit young colored women. Are glad to admit Pennsylvamia colored boys.” Brown University: “We have no special policy toward Negro students. In fact, we have very few here, and they are usually high grade students.” Miss Helen Jackson Phi Beta Kappa Minnesota 262 Miss Esther Jordan Miss Lola Cade Miss Marian Wise Miss Minerva France Valedictorian Ranking Student Valedictorian Salutatorian Simmons Paine Benedict West Virgina Tue Crisis 4 4 | | | } ig |
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A. K. Smuh Thomas Gilliard, Jr. Rafael Hernandez T. G. Martin Terry Steele Ranking Student Salutatorian Ranking Student Ranking Student Valedictorian Mehuirry Johnson C. Smith Meharry Meharry Johnson C. Smith Smith College: “As far as I can now see, we have no contemplated change of policy toward Negro students, who are received on their merits as other students are.” Temple University: “May I say, in reference to the last paragraph of your letter, that Temple University has never made any distinc- tion between its students because of race or religion, and that it does not intend to change this policy.” Purdue University: “The University has no special policy relative to Negro students. They en- roll in the University and participate in the class exercises the same as any other group of students. From all that I can see, the colored students come and go on the Purdue campus with equal rights and privileges.” University of Illinois: “The University makes no distinction or discrimination in its attitude or treat- ment of its students regarding their color or race, hence it has no policy to- wards Negro students other than that towards all of its students.” Des Moines University : “We have no special policy toward Negro students. They are admitted to our classes on the same basis as any other students and are treated in the same manner and we have found our students very democratic and sociable with the Negro students.” Illinois Wesleyan University: “No prejudice so far as I know.” DePauw University: “We have no particular policy at De- Pauw; no race or color distinction is made, hence none who applies and is able to pay for an education is turned away.” New York University: “IT know of no special policy of the University, nor of any contemplated policy affecting Negro students, or stu- dents of any other race or color, as a class or group. The administrative ofh- cers of the University and of the differ- ent colleges and schools, and the faculty advisers, in the exercise of their func- tions are free to confer with the in- dividual student and to offer such advice as in their judgment may lead to the best progress and greatest happiness of the student in the preparation for his future work.” Simmons College: “No discrimination whatever.” OT all of these allegations are N quite as true as they seem. “[em- ple University, for instance, refuses to admit colored students to certain courses. New York University refuses to admit girls to the Physical Training Course and discriminates sometimes in other ways. There is much discrimina- tion, of course, at the University of Illinois and some at the University of Pennsylvania. Some of the institutions admit discrimination. Oberlin says, for instance: “We have not changed our policy in regard to Negro students, and do not anticipate doing so in the near future so far as I know. Negro students are ad- mitted to all classrooms and laboratories on exactly the same basis as white stu- dents.” This means that colored students have difficulty in getting rooms in dormitories, which is a serious difficulty in a small town. Wesleyan of Connecticut says frankly: “We have no special policy toward Negro students. We treat them like everyone else. Of course, we have to make arrangements sometimes regarding rooming in the dormitories, but it has always been possible to do so without trouble and we do not find any friction on the part of our students toward mem- (Will you please turn to page 278) R. Thomas Fletcher W. Edward Farrison Charles Gomillion Ranking Student Salutatorian M.A. Paine Fisk Pennsylvania August, 1928 | | | : { | | | | — Lionel Fraser Martin Wiliams M.A. Salutatorian Harvard Simmons
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The Little Page Calendar Chat HERE is a house wren jingling little bells just a few rods away from here. The busy little song re- minds me of an interesting discovery that I made one day. Father House Wren was on the edge of the barn door darting about like a little brown mouse and chirping quickly. Then he adjusted himself somewhat under the eaves and began to sing. Head thrown back and throat swelling he sent the clear eager notes from his open mouth. After listening for some time I de- cided to look inside the barn for Jenny Wren. I thought there must be eggs or infant Wrens hidden in a nearby nest, and the Wren folks were always flashing in and out of the barn. So I went to look. F course it was there. But how Mother Wren scolded me for climbing up to pry ‘into her nest! Mother Robin and Mother Morning Dove fly away when people come to their nests, but not so little Jenny Wren. She seemed to cry in her hur- ried chuck-chucks, “You busybody, busybody, busybody! Shame!” And then she called to Father Wren and together they rushed about on the raf- ters, little wings fluttering. Father Wren soon flew out again and left it to Jenny Wren. Head held down and emphatically forward, upright tail twitching she fretted about the barn while I looked at the nest in the crev- ace. It was made of little dry twigs and stems and a pine sprig minus needles. There were white feathers standing up conspicuously within. They looked much too large and plentiful for the little nest. How disappointing it was to realize that I could not look down into it. What was there? A feather moved in the slightest way as though some fairy had sighed. “A baby wren must have moved that,” I thought, and waited. One tiny yellow beak looked up, then another. How could Mother Wren have dreamed that any one would touch such marvelous toys as little birds? ON THE PELICAN’S BACK NOWDOWN was a pelican. He was bathing his large flat feet in a stream one day and saw reflected in the water something that looked like a cloud or a cluster of lotus blooms. It was Snowdown himself, lily white. 264 By EFFIE LEE NEWSOME “How can I attract attention to my- self?” he asked. But the water remained silent. “I think I shall give a concert. And since I like my shadow so well, I shall insist that all birds taking part on the program shall be white as I am. Good. A concert!” cried Snowdown loudly. “Come and get on my back. The program will begin.” “Yes,” replied buoyant Baltimore Oriole poking his jetty head through the reeds, “I am ready.” NOWDOWN peered at him in- differently and waddled slightly away. “Sorry, but you cannot be used.” “What about me?” piped a Snow Bunting that was en route to Spitz- bergen for the summer. “Very good.”” Snowdown nodded at the chubby white bunting that seated himself on the pelican’s back. “Concert!” announced the pelican again. “May I come?” cried Father Robin blithely as he overheard the call while Mrs. Robin and the babies were out for a walk. “Let’s see. No,” croaked Snow- down, “you won't do for my program.” Robin tossed his proud black head and sped away. “Concert!” shrieked Snowdown loudly, and the snow bunting helped this time. “May I participate?” asked a su- perb peacock from India. He spread his snowy tail like a bride’s veil on the grass, then lifted it like a fan. His ghost-white feathers looked al- most transparent. “I cannot get on your back,” said he. “But I can act as usher.” “Excellent!” the “Concert!” Again through the grove. - pelican the call cried, Tang P came a gay bobolink. “I'll take part,” he declared. But Snowdown did not reply. And dashing Robert of Lincoln with his dark head and stunning black outft darted off. An Arctic owl flew down as th he had dropped from a cloudlet. “]'m ready,” he said. “Where’s the concert to be?” “On my back. Come!” And the froth-white Arctic owl took a place on Snowdown’s back. “Concert!” the pelican repeated. “Good,” cried a catbird. “Just in Time, he was about to say when he discovered that Snowdown was looking in another direction. The neat dark gray bird with the black head traveled away. “Concert Snowdown again spoke. ND the snowy heron came grandly stepping after a dinner of fish. His crest was like ocean spray. “Concert, did you say?” “Yes,” quickly answered Snow- down. “Stand here beside me. Con- cert! Concert!” Meadowlark and Brown Thrasher and some Thrushes and the dainty Wood Pewee, a Bluebird, a Cardinal —-all of these came. But a Ptarmigan flew up and was accepted instead. So the little dark- headed Bluebirds, the brown birds and all those others flew off. For they were not white like the pelican and the snow bunting and the Indian peacock and the snowy heron and the Arctic ow! and the ptarmigan. “Let us have our own concert,” brightly suggested Cardinal as they landed together near a stream. “Let us call the other birds.” And back came Sir Oriole with his jetty face and Bobolink and Robin and Catbird. Together they all sang. Even the aspen leaves paused in their quiv- ering. The little brooks stood still. Then the woods shook with wonder at that marvelous melody. “Now you sing,” cried black Bobo- link to the pelican and the Indian pea cock and the ptarmigan and the bunt- ing and the Artic owl. ‘Where 1s your concert?” The owl screeched, the heron squawked. And they flew away in shame. For after all white is only white. Tue Crisis ~)} On rhe felitan
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THE BATTLE FRONT HE nineteenth annual conference of the N. A. A. C. P. opened in the Philharmonic Auditorium in Los Angeles, Wednesday night, June 27. Dr. H. C. Hudson, President of the Los Angeles branch, presided, and made the welcoming address, to which the Mayor of Los Angeles responded. The President of the United States sent a letter in which he advocated an Anti-Lynching law and said: “They have come up from slavery to be prominent in education, the profes- sions, art, science, agriculture, banking, and commerce. It is estimated that 50,000 of them are on the Government pay rolls, drawing about $50,000,000 each year. They have been the recipi- ents of presidential appointments and their professional ability has arisen to a sufficiently high plane so that they have been intrusted with the entire manage- ment and control of the great Veterans’ Hospital at Tuskegee, where their con- duct has taken high rank.” Dr. Du Bois spoke of disfranchise- ment: “The barring of Negroes from the polls in the South,” said Dr. Du Bois, “encourages oligarchy. It enables cliques to nullify not simply the 14th and 15th Amendments but the 19th, giving the right to vote to women. And, finally, it entirely vitiates the normal distribution of voting power throughout the nation. “It accomplishes this not simply by disfranchising Negroes. The population in Southern states has doubled and by reason of woman suffrage the voting population ought to have quadrupled; but actually, as a matter of fact, the vot- ing population has increased less than 50 per cent, showing that not only have two million Negroes been disfranchised but more than two million whites.” And all through the meeting Los Angeles sang. Thursday there were business ses- sions to discuss the branches and meth- ods of support. On Thursday night, with Dr. Somerville presiding, a Jew- ish Rabbi, Rudolph Coffee, spoke of minorities. “America is infinitely richer because of Paul Laurence Dunbar, Roland Hayes and Florence Mills. How much poorer would America be if we never ad your magnificent contribution to music? The white man simply cannot combine your undying optimism despite terrible oppression with confidence. in God as expressed in the Negro melodies. Therefore, I say, America needs the Negro and bids you stand firm. If you surrender, America is poorer, but you cannot surrender.” And S. G. Pandit, an Indian, dis- August, 1928 The Nineteenth Annual Conference cussed the superstition of race superi- ority: “And what is life but expression of one’s self, of one’s ‘ownness’? We should not be slavish imitators of anybody what- soever. Every individual has a unique contribution which he alone can make to the great human symphony slowly but surely perfecting itself. To the extent that he is thwarted from self-expression all humanity is rendered poorer.” Friday the Women’s Auxiliaries met and the prize babies were presented; while in the afternoon THe Crisis had a session. Friday night, with Dr. George W. Lucas of New Orleans pre- siding, William Pickens talked of the economic interpretation of race prob- lems: “A clean and intelligent Negro eating Charles W. Chesnutt Fourteenth Spingarn Medalist 265 1 as d P . ,
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Henry Summers E. Luther Brookes Anthony Salone Milton Wright William Lee, Jr. M.A. M.A. M.A. M.A, Ranking Student Ohio State Columbia Kansas Columbia Hampton his own biscuit in the hotel dining room is more of an annoyance to the average white American than is the soiled and sweating Negro back in the hotel kit- chen, who is actually handling every- body's biscuits. The ruling caste in Mis- sissippi makes passionate speeches and drastic laws against any legitimate and honorable mixing of the blood of the two races, but produces a hundred thousand mulattoes by illegitimate contacts. Ne- gro maids may arrange a white woman’s hair, brush her teeth and suckle her babies, but may not sit on the far end of a long pew in her church. “These seeming inconsistencies no longer puzzle us when we apply the law to them: for Negro slaves, Negro cooks, and other Negro servants represent eco- nomic subjection; while the Negro free- man, the Negro hotel guest and even the Negro sister-in-the-Lord, if in the same pew, represent economic equality.” On Saturday, we rode and played and danced; and Sunday, representa- tives of the conference talked in twen- ty-two white and colored churches. Sunday afternoon came the great mass meeting, and the singing of Florence Cole Talbert. The Governor of Cali- fornia was there, and James Weldon Johnson and Robert W. Bagnall! spoke. Arthur P. Spingarn said: “We invite a comparison of the self- styled patriotic groups which have re- cently set themselves up as arbiters of Americanism and have seen fit to find this organization wanting, with the Na- tional Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Has any of these groups a constructive program which will bring about the safety of the individual, larger opportunity for education and training in true Americanism, the carry- ing out of the principles of the Constitu- tion of the United States, the increase of the wealth of the submerged and the making of a richer life for all citizens?” Monday morning was the day of the Junior Division and the Branches came in again to discuss organization in the afternoon. Monday night Lew Head talked of the colored races: “Civilization will reach its highest achievements when the brown races of the world have first, conceived the need of consecrated leadership, second, spon- sored those leaders and third, through them energized an improved civilization on this earth. There is a power in the colored people of the United States that either has not been discovered or, if dis- covered, has not been harnessed for prac- tical use. “The present civilization has about spent itself. Humanity is on the verge of a tremendous crisis. Just what direc- tion the march of human progress is to take, is now back where it was when civilization started, waiting for respon- sible, intelligent and consecrated leader- ship. It is not beyond belief that out of the brown races of the world, over half of its population, will come this leader- ship.” And Lincoln democracy : “The radicals are the only friends of the colored people, just as these ‘disre- putable’ radicals are the only friends of women, of labor, of farmers, of all the minorities. These minorities, by the way, could be a majority if they would play the game, first alone, then together. For most people belong to some minor- ity.” Steffens discussed Bishop Martin talked of social con- ditions : “Go into many of our towns and you might lay down the rule that where the pavement ends there the blacks begin. Now this is not of our own choosing but is the result of conditions forced upon us. Restricted districts, prohibitive pur- chase price for houses, exorbitant rents, threats and abuse, are only some of the means employed for adding insult to our already sorely injured group.” Business sessions with reports from branches occupied Tuesday and Spin- (Will you please turn to page 280) Alexander W hat field Theodore Berry W. W. Dowdy Pin Beta Kappa Jones Prise M.S. Chicago Cincinnati Cornell 266 Samuel Shepard, Jr. Delta Sigma Psi John Wells President, Negro Cawca- sian Club, Michigan Tue Caos Michigan a y |
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THE POETS CORNER Group ot Haitian Poems By CLEMENT WOOD Haitian Peasants E are the burden bearers, Infinitely ancient, Darkly uncomplaining, Bearing stiffly, proudly On our heads uplifted All the world’s burdens. Borne by us, the pharaohs Built their stone tombs: They are in the tombs. Borne by us, the Romans Bled the world to pallor: They lie under their swords. Borne by us, the English, Spanish, Dutch, French, Belgians, Germans, and Americans, Lolled away to weakness, Drenched themselves in poison, Bled their hearts in warfare: And their ghosts still ride us. We are the burden bearers, Infinitely ancient, Bearing still uplifted All the world’s burdens: And we dream the burdens. A. M. et Mme. Etienne Mathon E came to the isle of Toussaint L’Ouverture Seeking his spirt: not a flowery thing, But noble feeling that could not endure Oppression’s iron-fanged and alien sting. We sought for liberty—equality— Fraternity, those rights of every man, A holy soul-awakening trinity Toward which mankind has reached, since mind began. All these we found in you, in amplest measure: Yet we found, friendly Mathons, here with you A bright bepetalled fragrant rosy treas- ure Which you have shared cordially with us too: And we'll recall your hospitable graces, Your high dreams, and the roses’ hopeful faces. Meringue Noire For Jolibois Fils Black as a starless midnight domed with clouds Should be your garb, people of Haiti: black For liberty dead and tombed in living _ Shrouds, For independence fallen at a foul attack; August, 1928 Black for the honor of a vaster land, A suicide on your hospitable shore; Black for friendship slain by an alien hand, Black for kindly esteem deserved no more. Publish your mourning, a_ sepulchral robe Not to be cast aside, until the soul Of freedom, exiled too long from man’s globe, Descends again to make you great and whole, A pascal resurrection: joy out of gloom, And liberty rearisen from its tomb. Meringue Haitien For Etienne Mathon HEY say your bright green beauty masks swift death: That the sluggish centipede, the scorpion, The furred tarantula, lurk in each path, Eager to prick you with a death-dark sting, Crouching to spring upon you unaware, Hiding even in your housed security,— Shadowing existence with dark fears: All libel. ‘There is no more injury In your fanged hibiscus bloom, your lancing palm. Only one eigcs, thing that fouls your soi Is fanged with brisk bitterly destructive harm, Poisoning your laughter, your quick beautiful smile, Your happiness, your freedom, to his shame: The paleface fanged grasper of every clime. Retrospect Haitien For Percival Thoby HESE, then, we leave behind, Haiti, with you: Dazzling sunlight; cool, overwhelming night; A caged solitary ringdove, with its coo Perpetual at this exile from its mate; A dark race darkly straight beneath gross burdens That can not dull quick laughter on quick faces; Cool mansions drowsing in sweet shaded gardens ; Thatched huts parched on the harsh hilly places; Cringing deceit—a little; and insolence From alien lips; dreams of an impossible bliss When freedom finds again a residence In such a scorched Paradise as this: A fair land, with a hot and twisted smile— The haggard beauty of a ravished isle. South Wind By MARION GREEN SCOTT OUTH Wind, South Wind, where are you blowing? What do you see in your roamings afar? “Up in the blue of infinity Stars atwinkle in ecstacy Nestled deep in a sapphire sea.” South Wind, South Wind, what faery vision Do you behold as you blow o’er the waves? “Water of crystal and amethyst Flung together in golden mist, Rainbow flowers by pixies kist.” South Wind, South Wind, what other rovers Share in your eager and rapturous flight? “Skylarks aflame with the morning light, Fierce-eyed eagles at noonday bright, Thrushes atrill with coming night.” South Wind, South Wind, may I not follow You through the limitless reaches of sky? “You are, but earth-born created of clay, Too frail to travel my pathless way, But if your heart is attuned unto mine Listen, and share in my rapture di- vine.” Fulfillment By GEORGIA D. JOHNSON A* last I gaze into your eyes and know The tryst is kept I held against the years With dire misgivings and with secret fears Lest you be late, too late: time travels slow When lovers wait. The evening sun is low— The kindly earth an autumn garment wears All brown and golden, as a friend who shares The others’ fortune, in its ebb and flow. Drunk with belated rapture hand in hand At length together, as-I dreamed, we stand, I a beating of your heart, and ee The wordless messages it would reveal; At last I gaze into your eyes and see The perfect answer to the call in me. 267 7 | x 3
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OR nearly ten years, our Negro writers have been “confessing’”’ the distinctive sordidness and triviality of Negro life, and making an exhibition »t their own unhealthy imagination, in the name of frankness and sincerity. Frankness is no virtue in itself, how- ever, as any father will tell his son, nor is sincerity. A dog or savage is “sincere” about his bestialities, but he is not therefore raised above them. The modern novel has been frankly and sin- cerely preoccupied with sex, but has mot escaped an insane naturalism. It is a question, then, of the purpose for which one is being sincere. It is quite evident that the sincerity of Milton, of Fielding, and of Dr. Johnson is difter- ent in kind from the sincerity of Mr. D. H. Lawrence and Mr. James Joyce. If sincerity is to justify one in exploit- ing the lowest traits of human nature, and in ignoring that sense in man which Cicero says differentiates him from other animals,—his sense for what is decent—then sincerity is a pander to a torpid animalism. The plea of sincerity, of war against hypocrisy and sham, therefore, is no defence for the exhibitionism of Mr. George S. Schuyler and Mr. Eugene Gordon, nor for the sensationalism of such works as Dr. Rudolph Fisher’s HIGH YALLER or Mr. Langston Hughes’ FINE CLOTHES TO THE JEW. The first two writers by their coarse frivolousness and scan- dalmongering falsely represent that the Negro has no self-respect. A bawling confession from the house-tops is a poor substitute for honest and discriminat- ing self-examination, in race criticism as in religion. Mr. Schuyler and Mr. Gordon may be clever intellectual gym- masts; as such they belong with the Our Negro “Intellectuals” By ALLISON DAVIS vaudeville, and not with the men who set new currents of thought moving in Negro life. Of our Menckenites, how- ever, more later; let us first include in our view those who ought to be termed our Van Vechtenites. Mr. Van Vechten is not responsible for the beginning of our literary eftort to ap- pear primitive, but he brought the movement to its complete fruition, and gave it the distinction of his patronage. UR writers started almost ten years ago to capitalize the sensa- tional and sordid in Negro life, nota- bly in Harlem, by making it appear that Negro life is distinctive for its flaming “color”, its crude and primi- tive emotion. This facile acceptance of the old, romantic delusion of “racial literatures’, which goes back beyond Taine all the way to Mme. de Stael, was a convenient mould for the ener- gies of writers who had no tradition to guide them in treating Negro themes. What was more to the point, it interested the sophisticated reading public, at the height of the “jazz age”’ tollowing the war, because it seemed to bring fresh and primitive forces to a jaded age. These young writers hit upon two means of injecting primitivistic color in their work; one, the use of the Har- lem cabaret and night lite, and the other, a return to the African jungles. Since Mr. MacKay’s HARLEM DANCER, the cabaret has been an unhealthy obsession with these youths, who in their relative naivete imagine that there is something profoundly stir- ring about the degradation of its habitues. Even the best writers, Ir. McKav, Mr. Cullen, Mr. Hughes. and Dr. Fisher, as well as many of their less gifted imitators, have ex- ploited the cabaret. The jazz band be came the model which the Negro poet sought to inntate. It is particularly yp. fortunate that Mr. James Weldop Johnson should yield to this jaggy primitivism in choosing the title GOD’S TROMBONES for a work purporting to represent the Negro’s re. ligious fervor. Of course here, as always, the Negro movement must be seen in relation to the broader current ot American literature. Mr. Waldo Frank, Mr. Scott Fitzgerald, and a host of other white authors were at the same time popularizing the jazz complex. In illustration, moreover, Mr. Miguel Covarrubias and Mr. Winold Reiss did more than Mr. Aaron Douglas and Mr. Richard Bruce to represent the Negro as essen- tially bestialized by jazz and the caba- ret. |* this mad rush to make the Negro exhibit his sensational and primitiv- istic qualities, our young writers did not lack white support. Mr. Carl Van Doren encouraged them in this fashion: “But if the reality of Negro life is it- self dramatic, there are of course still other elements, particularly the emo- tional power with which Negroes live —or at least to me seem to live. What American literature decidedly needs at the moment is color, music, gusto, the tree expression of gay or desperate moods. If the Negroes are not in a position to contribute these items, | do not know what Americans are.” Mr. Max Rheinhardt spoke of the ne- cessity for the Negro dramatist’s re maining true to the original spon- taneity of his race by portraying “pure emotion, almost independent of words or setting”. This myth of the spiritual and artistic virtue of spontaneous emo- F. Marcellus Staley MS. Cornell 268 Prince Williams Valedictorian West Virgina W. H. Jones Croxton Williams Williiam J. Sinkford M.A. Salutatorian Phi Beta Kappa Straight A. and T., N. C. Michigan Crisis
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-.» in the Negro was enthusiastically per by Mr. Carl Van Vechten. 1 think that the severest charge one can make against Mr. Van Vechten is that he misdirected a genuine poet, who gave promise of a power and technique exceptional in any poetry, — Mr. Hughes. Mr. Van Vechten disclaims any influence upon Mr. Hughes’ first book, THE WEARY BLUES, for which he wrote a preface expressing undiluted primitivism. The evident reply is that the drop from the best of this first book to any of those in FINE CLOTHES TO THE JEW, which Mr. Van Vechten un- doubtedly did influence, is the real proof of his having finally misdirected Mr. Hughes. OW came the devastating result of the primitivism which our Negro writers had concocted and made a holy cause NIGGER HEAVEN was the felos, the perfect flowering of the “cabaret school’. By means of the same sensational primitivism and the creation of half a dozen cabarets which Harlem could never boast, Mr. Van Vechten warped Negro life into a fan- tastic barbarism. What was most per- nicious in NIGGER HEAVEN was the representation that the Negro up- per class is identical with the pleasure- seekers and cabaret-rounders. NIG- GER HEAVEN was the logical out- come of the forces our “‘intellectuals”’ had championed for five years, and in a very real sense these “intellectuals’’ were responsible for its -writing and its success. With its appearance there arose in the minds of many Negro writers and readers some doubt con- cerning the whole movement toward “color” and exhibitionism. The most prominent writers, however, could not evade the natural result of their own practice, and defended Mr. Van Vechten on the ground of artistic sin- cerity, for which they found proof chiefly in his mixing socially with Ne- groes. Here again the pretense of sin- cerity justified the most unalleviated sensationalism. In fact, the total ef- tect of the whole movement was that Negroes are sincerely bestial. An atavistic yearning for the Afri- can jungles, which was entirely sim- ulated, was the second device of these poets for adding ‘‘color’” to the Negro. The desire of young poets to ‘‘dance naked under palm trees’, and to ex- press themselves in jungle loves has been the favorite device for making poetry authentically Negroid. Tom- toms, love-dances, strange passions and savage urges have been the parapher- nalia of almost every budding poet- aster. Even Mr. Cullen made especial use of the jungle urge in his early and best known poems, HERITAGE and THE SHROUD OF COLOR. This whole primitivistic interpretation of the Negro is the white man’s facile point of view, and our Negro “‘intel-- lectuals’’ wanted to appear as the white man would have them. The most im- portant assertion of the related prim- itivism of cabaret and jungle is the work of a white poet, Mr. Lindsay’s CONGO. There is nothing more for- eign to the Negro’s imagination than this yearning for savage Africa, and it is a false note every time it is struck by a Negro poet. The African tradi- tion which we want to uncover and make fruitful is certainly not that of savagery, but of self-containment, for- titude, and culture. At times the poets achieved some- thing beautiful and significant in spite of their material and creed. Mr. McKay’s poem, HARLEM SHAD- OWS touches on nobility and a higher imaginative view than most American realistic poetry ever reaches. The title poem of Mr. Hughes’ THE WEARY BLUES created a repre- sentative symbol for the frustration and inertia into which Negro life is penned. There were poems in McKay, Cullen, and Hughes which gave evi- dence of a higher understanding of Negro life, but this quality of their imagination was not developed. Mr. Hughes especially chose to exploit the meretricious themes of jazz, instead of developing the powers shown in such poems as AUNT SUE’S STORIES and WHEN SUE WEARS RED. The indubitable gift of Mr. Hughes and of one or two other poets was sacrificed to a dogma, which necessi- tated their being atavistic and “color- ful” at the expense of a full and experi- mental development of their imagina- tion. The untrammeled self-expression which the supporters of the movement claimed for it was actually freedom only to be as primitivistic as one liked. There was no freedom from the creed that a Negro poet ought to be barbaric. Il UR primitivistic poets and story- tellers have been ousted from the stage lately by a rising group of young critics, writing for magazines and Negro newspapers. They are Menck- enites, largely inspired by their mas- ter’s attack upon Negro preachers and ‘‘misleaders”, and his heralding of the self-critical Negro. Now the genuine critic is the individual who can fix upon the excellent and significant in the welter of all that is obvious and passing, and who can reveal how this seed may be made fruitful. Even though he must expose what is trivial or pernicious, he moves from a percep- tion of what is true. Such a critic will illustrate his higher standards by the point from which he attacks false standards. His criticism, then, is vital, even in the act of denying. We do not look to him for reform and solutions, but we do expect him to give currency to real and high principles. In apply- ing these standards with an esprit de finesse to the ever shifting flux of the energies which make for chaos, he will give perspective to the so-called “men of action”. A vital grasp upon standards, then, and the ability to apply them flexibly to the “gushing forth of novelties” (Will you please turn*to page 284) Miss Julia Skinner Miss Leonia Lanier Miss Evelyn Lawlah M.A. Valedictorian Ranking Student Columbia Atlanta Talladega Joseph Jackson Cyprian Cunningham alutatorian hi Kappa Epsilon Livingston Illinois 29 | ti | 4 | i | August, 1928
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= PERSONAL @ Charles S$. Williams is the first Negro to complete the Playground and Recreation Course at the Chicago Nor- mal College. He received his certifi- cate in February and now has charge of the second largest playground in Chicago. @ T. Thomas Fortune Fletcher, a re- cent graduate of Fisk University, is a delegate to the World Youth Peace » gress, which meets in Holland the tatter part of this month. Representa- tive students, about 500 in all, from all parts of the world, are to partici- pate in this meeting. Mr. Fletcher will make brief tours of England, Germany and France to study student activities in these countries. @ Mrs. Minnie B. Harper has been appointed to serve the unexpired term of her husband, the late E. Howard Harper, in the West Virginia Legisla- ture. Mrs. Harper is the first colored woman to serve in a state legislature. @ Charles S. Johnson, who since 1921 has been Editor of Opportunity and Director of the Department of Re- search and Investigations of the Na- tional Urban League, has resigned these offices to assume the directorship of the newly organized department of Social Science at Fisk University. @ Elmer A. Carter, who has been Ex- ecutive Secretary of the Urban Leagues of Columbus, Ohio, Louisville, Ky., and St. Paul and Minneapolis, Minn.., has been appointed Editor of Oppor- tunity to succeed Charles S. Johnson. @ The Julius Rosenwald Fund has appointed George R. Arthur, Execu- tive Secretary of the Wabash Avenue ALONG THE COLOR LINE Mrs. Minnie B. Harper (Pen and ink sketch by Mills) Department of the Y. M. C. A., Chi- cago, as a member of its staff. @ Mrs. Sarah Evans Inborden, wife of T. S. Inborden, president of the Rricks School, N. C., died recently at Bricks. Mrs. Inborden was graduated from Oberlin College with the class of 1890, and taught at Greenwood, S. C.., for one year. After her marriage, she with Mr. Inborden built a Normal School at Helena, Ark., under the aus- pices of the American Missionary Asso- ciation and another at Albany, Ga. For thirty-one years Mr. and Mrs. Inborden have been connected with the school at Bricks. MUSIC AND ART @ The pupils of the Valena C, Jones School at New Orleans, under the dj. rection of Miss Fannie C. Williams presented their annual pageant in May, @ Mrs. Boston Dethridge, soprano, pupil of Samuel B. Garton of Rome and Milan, Italy, was presented in re cital at Richmond, Ind., in June, @ The Gilpin Players of Cleveland, Ohio, presented the Pulitzer prize play, “In Abraham’s Bosom’, by Green, recently. ‘These players, under the direction of Mrs. Rowena Jellife have been organized for eight years, @ The Allied Art Center Players pre- sented “Antar of Araby” by Maude Cuney Hare recently in Boston. @ Mrs. Alice Davis Crawford of Hartford, Conn., formerly a. social worker and teacher in Philadelphia, was graduated from the Boston Con- servatory of Music in June as a vocal soloist. Mrs. Crawford, who is the first of her race to be graduated from this school, excelled in her work in Opera and Dramatics. EDUCATION @ Only 41 dental schools in the United States have the full recognition of the Dental Education Council of America. In the report of 1927 the Dental Department of Meharry Medi- cal College is the only school recog- nized by the Council in Nashville. @ The Alumni Division of the Lin- coln University Endowment Fund Campaign is endeavoring to raise $250,000 which will secure an addi- tional $250,000 from the General Education Board for an endowment fund for the University. a Mrs. Gertrude Mason V aledictorian Wiley 270 Mrs. Della Long alutatorian Wiley Valedictorian Knoxville Miss Eugenia Worthy Miss Eulacie Shamberger Miss M. A. Lovinggood Valedictorian Valedictorian Samuel Huston Tue Cass Fisk = = % A 4 | | 4 a | <
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Floyd Covington Miss Helen Buckley A. W. Hardy M. A. Valedictorian M. A. Pittsburg Livingstone Ohio State J. B. Watson, formerly president ot Leland College, Baker, La., has been elected president of the State A. M. & N: College located at Pine Bluff, Ark. The college now owns one hundred and sixty acres of farm land, The state legislature has appropriated $375,000 and the General Education Board has given $150,000 for a build- ing campaign. @ President W. J. Hale of Tennes- see A. & |. State College, Nashville, Tenn., and President of the National Association of Teachers in Colored Schools, addressed the National Edu- cation Association at Minneapolis, Minn., early in July. @ Miss Viola Lynch, the only colored member in the graduating class at the State Teachers College of Greeley, Col., has been appointed to teach in the public schools of Cincinnati, Ohio. @ Miss Helen Adams, a graduate of a Denver High School in June, has been awarded a scholarship to Denver University. @ Mrs. Jane A. Bond, wife of the director of the Interracial Commis- sion of Kentucky, won her Master’s degree from Oberlin College at the recent commencement. Mrs. Bond was graduated from Oberlin in 1893 Thomas MacDonald W. H. Jones Salutatorian Ranking Student Livingstone Virgima Umon with the B. A. degree. For the last two years she has lived in Oberlin with her daughter, Miss Lucy Bond, who has completed her sophomore year at the college. @ Joel Wallace, fifteen years old, graduated from the Booker T. Wash- ington High School, Columbia, S. C., with highest honors. Joel will enter college this fall. @ The State A. & M. College lo- cated at Orangeburg, S. C., has com- C. M. Long Bolton Price Joseph Reason Valedictorian Salutatorian Ranking Student Upsala Swedish Lutheran Clark New Orleans College August, 1928 Isaac Rolls Edmund Rogan Nort 271 " > | ‘ a | 4 The Stenographers’ Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, page 272 | = M.B.A. Ranking Student | hwestern Lane
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Miss Marguerite Frierson Miss Mary Hansberry Miss Georgia Caldwell Ranking Student New Orleans Ranking Student Shaw pleted the building of the Agricultural and Science Building at the cost of $135,000. The building was dedi- cated during the recent commencement week. @ Six Negroes won the Ph.D. degree this year: five from American colleges and one from the University of Lon- don. They are: Miss Jennie D. Por- ter, University of Cincinnati, in Edu- cation; Miss Jane McAllister, Colum- bia, in Rural Sociology; Harrison Ferrell, Northwestern, in German; Dudley Woodard, University of Penn- sylvania, in Mathematics; and H. B. Campbell, Harvard, in History. A. T. Peters won the Ph.D. degree from the University of London. @ Miss Mae T. Wright, Baltimore, Md., won the Phi Beta Kappa key re- cently at Tufts College. She is the first Negro in Baltimore to win this distinction. SOCIAL PROGRESS @ During the past four years William Pickens, Field Secretary of the N. A. A. C. P., has raised over $63,500 through baby contests for that organi- zation. @ The Stenographers’ Institute, popu- larly known as the Duncan's Business School, located in Philadelphia, Pa., owns $21,000 worth of real estate, has a $6,000 equipment and a large library. @ In a community campaign for the building of a Negro hospital in Rich- mond, Va., the colored people of that city recently pledged $100,000. Ef- forts are now under way to raise among the white people an additional $100,000. @ Durham, N. C., recently held a public testimonial in honor of Pro- fessor William G. Pearson, colored educator, for his long and meritorious service in the community. @ At the 100th anniversary of the American Peace Society at Cleveland, Ohio, Dr. Mordecai Johnson, Presi- 272 Phi Beta Kappa Kansas dent of Howard University, made a plea for justice to the darker races. @ The State Board of Charities and Corrections of Kentucky has appro- priated $100,000 for the construction of a Negro dormitory at the Feeble- Minded Institute located at Frankfort. @ Mayor Walker of New York City recently laid the cornerstone of an $8,000,000 home and training school for colored nurses, in connection with Lincoln Hospital. @ The Georgia State Medical Asso- ciation of Physicians, Dentists and Pharmacists, held its annual session at Columbus, Ga., May 14-16. Miss Irene Harris Ohio State Miss Vernon Jones A. Ohio State SOUTH AFRICA @ The Cape Coast African Cricket Team recently scored 109 over the Sekondi European Cricket team’s score of 71. @ A Johannesburg youth has been found guilty of shooting a native in Nyasaland and fined £40. No wit- nesses were cajled, the Attorney-Gen- eral, who was the prosecutor, did not speak, and the Judge decided the case on written testimony. @ At the African National Congress, which was held at Bloomfontein, a “Antar of Araby’, Allied Art Center Players, Boston, Massachusetts, page 270 Tue Criss F 4 ar > \ . > “3
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Miss Myra Logan M. A. Cdlumbia resolution was carried requesting the Government to arrange for a round table conference between Europeans and native chiefs and representatives to consider the report of the Select Committee on four Native Bills be- fore their submission to Parliament. @ The British trade union movement has nominated W. G. Ballinger, secre- tary of the Motherwell Trade and La- bour Council, to act as adviser to the Industrial Commercial Workers’ Union, for twelve months during the reorganization of the National Coun- cil. @ On Union day, May 31, the new South African flag was hoisted for the first. time. WEST AFRICA @ During the past year West Africa has seen two projects near completion: the building of Achimota College and the opening of Takoradi Harbour. @ St. Gregory’s College, the new Catholic Secondary School at Ikayi, Nigeria, was formally opened in Jan- uary. The school is emphasizing the need of trained teachers for native African education. @ In the last few years, there has been great activity in road building and mo- tor transportation in Nigeria. In 1925, 878 motor vehicles were im- H. P, Saundle M.A Cincinnati Herman Canady N orthwestern ported and in 1927, 1,738. @ Dr. John Randle, a native who died recently at Lagos, has bequeathed most of his fortune for building a pub- lic swimming bath at Lagos; for build- ing a sanatorium and endowing fo-- medical research scholarships; and for establishing science professorships, to be tenable ultimately by natives in West Africa. @ The Accra branch of the West African Student’s Union, under the leadership of Casely Hayford, is mak- ing plans for a West African hotel in London to be run by Africans. @ The King of England has approved the disbandment of the West African Regiment. The regiment, made up of native troops, was established in 1898 when an insurrection broke out in Sierra Leone. @ Chief Nana Amoah III of the Gold Coast gave two iectures recently at A. & T. College, Greensboro, N. C. @ The King of England has knighted Kitoyi Ajasa, O. B. E., who is an un- oficial member of the Legislative Council of Nigeria. @ Nana Sir Ofori Atta, the third British knight of African descent, is visiting in England. He has re- cently been elected president of the Council of Paramount Chiefs of the Eastern Province of the Colony. Giles Hubert A. Ranking Student Jack Robert Daniel M.A son Columbia @ Hideyo Noguchi, a Japanese bac- teriologist connected with the Rocke- feller Institute for Medical Research, died recently at Accra. Dr.- Noguchi had been making experiments with yel- low fever germs on the Gold Coast. EAST AFRICA On the occasion ef the laying of the Memorial Stone of the Tabora Central School, founded for Chiefs’ sons, Sir Edward Grigg, in referring to the na- tive education policy of Kenya said: “The policy is going to remain in this country definitely embodied in the framework of the British Empire, which will never pass to another power.” LIBERIA @ The new Cabinet recently ap- pointed by President King of Liberia is as follows: Hon. Edwin Barclay, Secretary of State; Hon. Samuel G. Harmon, Secretary of the Treasury; Hon. Louis A. Grimes, Attorney Gen- eral; Hon. James W. Cooper, Secre- tary of War; Hon. James F. Cooper, Secretary of the Interior; Hon. Samuel A. Ross, Postmaster-General; Hon. B. W. Payne, Secretary of Public Instruc- tion: Hon. John L. Morris, Secretary of Public Works. Ranking Student Jackson August, 1928 Miss Johanna McAllister Miss Catharine Sanford Miss E. Opelia Settle M.A Pennsylvania Miss Vincent Columbia | 3 if | | | |? => | | : | Miss Sadie Daniel M. A. Columbhi |
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Miss Eva Mitchell Ranking Student Hampton THE CONTINUING SONG HE Indus, published by Indian students in London, has an article by “an Indian” on Florence Mills: “The true artist has the world for a pedestal; the adventurer, after years of travel has nothing broader than his shoes.” So says a great writer. It is examplified to-day in the sadness that prevails over the loss of Florence Mills. Born in humble surroundings and be- longing to the coloured peoples that are usually despised, she worked her way up against tremendous odds, and won for herself, at the early age of twenty-six, a sacred place in the hearts of the peo- ples, coloured and white alike. Hers was a genius that had bridged over dif- ferences and worn down prejudices that had stood for generations. Her art had no limitations. Its appeal was as uni- versal as life. Many that had come to sneer had stayed to cheer. She captivated the most indifferent with the charm of her man- Miss Roberta Randolph Miss Theima Beriack Ranking Student Virginia Union Delta Mu Delta New York ner and her naturalness. The exacting critic found himself swept off his feet with her irresistible personality and felt nothing but praise for the artist. Her voice of pure silver with a ring of pathos in it penetrated into the unfeeling, and stirred the depths that had hitherto not come to light, and her smile lit the faces of the cheerless with its own brightness—the brightness of unshed tears. In spite of her invariable success, she never forgot that she belonged to a race who is looked down upon, and that her mission in life was to elevate it in the opinion of the world. She set herself voluntarily this great duty with the con- viction that comes with a great truth and with the courage of a great right. She made her ideal the betterment of the coloured race. Her self-respect and dignity made her regret the lack of that footing of equality, which is the only means by which true fellowship and sociability can exist. The medium by which she sought to Miss Eliza Redd Western Reserve Miss Martha Roberts Phi Kappa Epsilon Illinots * establish this amity was her own art. Art in itself has no narrowness of vision and outlook. To delight an audience in face of opposition, expressed or unex- pressed, is a gift that falls to few. Her work and her art went side by side. In her, her mission had found a harbing- er of peace and good-will essential for the breaking down of age-long precon- ceptions; and from her, her co-workers will derive a new force and spirit to ani- mate their future activities. They can face the difficult task ahead with the noble example before them. Their suc- cess may be a long time to come, but the way has been paved to many a success by the sacrifices made by such ardent and devoted workers like her. Her sympa- thy will be a continual solace to the suf- ferers in the cause. Well she might have sung, with our nidian poet:— “My last gift to you will be a tear dropped into the depth of your youth; it will make your smile all the sweeter, and bemist your outlook on the pitiless mirth of day.” Miss Mame Wormley Ranking Student Howard 274 Miss Mildred Cooper alutatorian Atlanta Miss Lily Belle Frost Ranking Student Straight Miss Marion Gandy M.A Miss Althea McMorris Ranking Student Straight Tue Crisis Cornell | | | | | |
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KRIGWA 1928 Page 76 of the Marcu Crisis es Page 133 of the Aprit Crisis we have already announced two sets of prizes for 1928. First, the Charles Waddell Chesnutt Honoraria. ‘These are prizes of $25, $15 and $10 awarded each month for one year beginning with the ApriL number. We are pleased to announce the prizes for July, 1928: First Prize. Article. ““The League of Nations and the Negro Peoples”, by Mabel Janet Byrd ... .$25.00 Second Prize. A Story. “The Man Who Wanted to be Red”, by Frank Horne $15.00 Third Prize. Cover. “Progress”, by Bernie H. Robynson ....$10.00 Second, Economic Prizes offered by 5 Negro banks and 7 Negro insurance societies as follows: One First Prize........ $200. One Second Prize ...... 150. One Third Prize ....... 100. Two Fourth Prizes ..... 50. each Fight Prizes for Honor- able Mention ........ _ 25. each $750. Entries for these prizes close Decem- ber 31, 1928, and the awards will be announced in the early spring of 1929. Read this and the two previous an- nouncements carefully. If you have further specific questions, write the Editor. THE NEGRO VOTER CCORDING to the Census of 1920, there were in the United States 60,886,520 persons twenty-one years of age and over. Of these 5,522,- 475, or a little over 9 per cent were Ne- groes. Of these Negroes, 1,512,987 were illiterate, leaving a possible Negro vot- ing population of sufficient intelligence to read and write of over 4,000,000. Disfranchisement cuts this figure con- siderably. Neither whites nor Negroes in the District of Columbia vote. In Virginia, North Carolina, Arkansas, Oklahoma and Texas, there is a con- sderable Negro vote cast for presi- dential candidates, but Negro votes are not effective so far as Congressmen are concerned. In South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana, nine-tenths of the Ne- August, 1928 groes are disfranchised. ‘The possible Negro vote in these states is 2,722,048. This left in 1920, 2,800,427 possible Negro voters in the United States. Since that time, the Negro popula- tion has increased and the migration from South to North has transferred a considerable number of Negroes from disfranchisement to a territory where they can vote. It will, therefore, be possible for at least 3,000,000 and pos- sibly three and a quarter million of Ne- groes to vote in the next presidential election. These voters will be distributed roughly as follows: In the New England States, there will be 60,000 colored voters, out of a total vote of 4,500,000. In the Middle Atlantic States, there will be 500,000 colored voters, out of a possible 13,- 500,000. In the East North Central States, there will be 450,000 colored voters, out of a possible 13,000,000. In the West North Central States, 200,- 000 colored voters, out of a possible 7,250,000. In the South Atlantic States, the Negro voters will be in- effective except in Delaware, Mary- iand and West Virginia, where they will cast 250,000 votes, out of a pos- sible 1,750,000. In the Mountain and Pacific States, Negroes will cast per- haps 75,000 votes, out of a possible 5,500,000. To this must be added two consider- ations: first of all, all persons, twenty- ene years of age and over in the United States for various reasons, do not vote. In the Presidential Election of 1920, only 26,674,171 votes were cast, out of the possible 60,886,520. If the Negro voter is alert, he may, therefore, cast even more than one-tenth of the actual vote, despite disfranchisement in the South. Certainly, in many of the states intelligent use of the Negro vote can bring results. We may assume that in 1928, the total vote cast in the following states and the Negro vote will be something as follows: POSSIBLE VOTES, 1928 Total Negro 1,150,000 25,000 400,000 12,000 New York ..... 3.300.000 150.009 New Jersey ....... 1.100,000 75,000 Pennsylvania ................... 2.150.000 200,000 Illinois _.... 2.500,000 125,000 Michigan 1,200,000 60,000 West Virginia ....... ,000 50,000 Washington 425,000 6,000 California ....... Lobe 1,300,000 40,000 This, of course, will only be true in case the Negro attends to his election duties with unusual assiduity,—that is, votes even more largely than the white. That he ought to do this arises from his peculiar position. In every single one of these states, the Negro vote is important. Even in New England, while it forms only two or three per cent of the total vote, nevertheless, it is concen- trated in certain strategic centers, like Boston, Providence and New Haven, where it will effect the congressional vote; and with Smith as the Demo- cratic candidate the fight between Pro- testants and Catholics is going to be so close that the black voters will be needed. In the industrial East, New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania, the Ne- gro can cast 425,000 out of 6,500,000 votes. This is between six and seven per cent, and that is a very im- portant bloc. The fight in the East is a fight between organized wealth and industry, on the one hand, and organ- ized labor and radical reform on the other. The issues will be clouded. Smith is no enemy to organized wealth, and Hoover is no friend of organized labor. It will be hard for these ele- rents in many cases to choose between the two leaders. They will have, how- ever, no such difficulty of choice in vot- ing for congressmen and the issues will often be clear-cut and the Negro vote of large importance. In the Middle West, out of a total of 7,000,000 votes, the Negro should have at least 350,000, or 5 per cent. Wisely used, this means the balance of power, not only in the Presidential Election but in the election of congress- men; because the fight in the Middle West over the issues of liquor, Catho- licism, the farmer, labor and industry, is going to be fierce. The farm issue will, of course, be emphasized in Iowa, Missouri, Ne- braska and Kansas. Here again the 275
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Negro will have 7 per cent of the vote and he ought to use every ounce of his power to the greatest advantage. The Southern Border States present, of course, the usual anomaly. In Dela- ware, Maryland, West Virginia, Ken- tucky and Tennessee, out of a vote of about 2,225,000, Negroes should cast 25 per cent. This is enough to control the election; but the Negro vote in these states has for a long time been shamelessly manipulated. ‘There is not only open bribery and economic intimi- dation, but there is the prevailing prob- lem of what the Negro can cast his vote for if he bolts the Republican Party. He dare not vote for the Demo- crats when the Democrats act as they have recently in Tennessee and he can hardly with self-respect vote with the Republicans of Kentucky. Certainly in Delaware and Maryland the Negro can afford to vote for the local Democratic Ticket in many cases. ‘The results of doing this in the past have proven its wisdom ; but it is worth careful thought and prolonged negotiation. All things considered in the election of 1928, the Negro voter has the great- est chance for intelligent and purpose- ful independence than has come to him in a generation. (In future numbers we shall discuss: the effect of disfranchisement in the South; the presidential candidates; the congressional candidates and the issues at stake in the campaign. ) THE FOURTEENTH SPIN- GARN MEDAL HE Fourteenth Spingarn Medal has been awarded to Charles Waddell Chesnutt of Cleveland, Ohio, “In recognition of his pioneer work as literary artist depicting the life and struggle of Americans of Negro de- scent, and for his long and useful career as scholar, worker and free- man of one of America’s greatest Cities”. The Spingarn Medal was established by Joel E. Spingarn in 1914 and is awarded annually “for the highest or noblest achievement by an American Negro during the proceeding year or years’. It is no easy task to interpret and carry out the spirit of this distinguished award. If the Committee should em- phasize the achievement of a single year they would be in grave danger of rewarding an exceptional and acci- dental deed, popular and notable at the time, but of no lasting importance and giving no real indication of character and ability. On the other hand, if the Committee should establish the cus- tom of awarding this medal simply for the rounding out of a long and honorable career, it would again miss 276 the real object which is to herald dis- tinguished accomplishment, rather than desert or length of days. In awarding this medal to Mr. Ches- nutt this year, the Committee has had in mind a singular fact: it is not simply true that Mr. Chesnutt has done dis- tinguished work in past years, but it is singularly true that that work today and this year is being recognized as of prime importance in the renaissance of American Negro literature. Perhaps no single man could be picked out who is more worthy to be called the Dean of the young black artists who are writing today. “This was one reason for the award, and in addition, the Committee had in mind Mr. Ches- nutt’s personality, his artistic detach- ment, his humor and good-nature, the high regard in which he is held by his fellow citizens of Cleveland, white and black, his interest in every civic move- ment, which makes for the betterment of men. For these reasons it seems to THe Crisis that the Spingarn Medal has seldom, if ever, been more fittingly awarded. THE CONFERENCE T may seem overstatement when we say from year to year that each Con- ference of the N. A. A. C. P. overtops the last. It is, of course, impossible that each Conference should surpass the others in every respect. But in certain ways every succeeding Con- ference sets a new mark: there was the great mass meeting of 10,000 at Indianapolis; the Spingarn Medal night at Chicago; and the Academy of Music meeting at Philadelphia. But Los Angeles rose to new heights —the reception at the decorated depot; the lovely blue and gold of the weather with blossoming flower and fruit; the presence of public officials of city and state; the throwing open of 22 leading churches to our speakers; the great meeting at the Shrine and Philhar- monic and above all—the Hotel, Somerville! Never before in the his- tory of black America has so beautiful and complete a hostelry, owned and conducted by black folk, been opened, equipped and presented to the world in six months for a great national con- vention. There is nothing like it in the United States among our people and white hotels surpass it only in size. PHOTOGRAPHS N this year’s grand commencement procession of Negro graduates of col- leges, we have the remarkable total of 1617 men and women. It would be a delightful privilege for us to publish all of their photographs, but such an undertaking would not be practical even if we devoted every square inch of our thirty-six page magazine to photo graphs. Consequently we are publish- ing only the following photographs: Recipients of higher academic degrees, Valedictorians and salutatorians of Negro colleges. Students in northern colleges who have earned the Phi Beta Kappa key, scholar. ships or other distinctions during their college course. Athletes who have made notable rec. ords. Recipients of professional degrees in medicine, dentistry, etc., who have won especial distinction. On this account we extend our sin- cere congratulation to all persons re- ceiving the Bachelor’s degree and pro- fessional degrees in ordinary course and to all high school graduates, and ask their pardon for omitting their, pictures, MANNING OSEPH C. MANNING is a very sick man. Colored people should remember him. He is a white man from Alabama who represents the in- surgent South—those who do not be- lieve that all political activity begins and ends in the South. He was among those who tried triumphantly, twenty- five years ago, to establish popularism in Alabama, in Arkansas and in Texas. If there had been a Republican form of government in those states, the Third Party movement would have triumphed. But although triumphing at the polls, the white men were counted out by the same methods in use against Negroes, and the South sank to those present conditions of poli- tical lethargy. “Those who want to hear a part of the story of this move- ment should read Mr. Manning’s book, “The Fade-Out of Popularism”. PROPAGANDA IN THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS ACE prejudice is easily made in- distinctive in the Barrington High School, New York City. The teacher in a history class talked about John Brown, It was a shame that he was called a martyr. She could not under- stand how anyone could regard him as aught but a riotous law breaker. In a Flushing High School the teacher announced that there were no Negro soldiers in the Civil War. One colored boy ventured to remind her that there were 200,000. He was told that it was not so. In a Queens Grammar School, the teacher had never heard of Frederick Douglass, but she allowed a colored student to write an essay on it, 4 was rather astonished at what she learned. Tue Criss * ‘
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ATLANTA UNIVERSITY IONEER liberal education. Advantages of a growing city and fraternal relations with other institu- tions of higher learning. College and Normal Departments. Practice teach- ing in grade and High School work. Graduates make good in Northern Uni- versities. FOR INFORMATION, Address President, Atlanta U am ATLANTA, GA. MorEHOUSE COLLEGE (Formerly Atlanta Baptist College) ATLANTA, GA. College, Academy, Divinity School N institution famous within recent years for its emphasis on all sides of manly development—the only insti- tution in the far South devoted solely to the education of Negro young men. Graduates given high ranking by greatest northern universities. Debat- ing, Y. M. C. A., athletics, all live fea- tures. FOR INFORMATION, Address JOHN HOPE, President Clark University ATLANTA, GEORGIA “Culture for Service” VER 100 acres of beautiful campus. Twelve build- ings with new $215,000.00 Administration Bulld- ing with modern Chapel, Laboratories and Gymnasium. Clark University offers unusual educational opper- tunities te aspiring young men and women. Terms reasonable. Departments: College of Arts and Sei- For information address M. S. DAVAGE, President Talladega College TALLADEGA, ALABAMA Sixty-first Year F. A. SUMNER, President UP-TO-DATE in its equipment. High standards sholaship. Thoroughly Christian in its ideals. Siz hundred students, 65 teachers and werkers, 806 actes, 35 buildings, electric lights, steam heat. Beautiful and healthful location in the foothills of the Blue An ideal place for = men and women. Fer further infermation ad M. B. MILLER, Registrar. Knoxville College KNOXVILLE, TENN. PPPPPP PP PPP LP LDP PPP PDP PPP Beautiful Situation and Healthful Location. Best Moral and Spiritual Environment. Splendid Intellectual Atmosphere. Noted for Honest and Thorough Work. Fully Accredited for Teachers’ Certificates by State Board. Home-like Dormitory Life with Careful Supervision. Live Athletic and Literary Interests COURSES: College, Normal, High School, House- held, Arts and Music. Expenses Very Reasonable Catalog and other literature sent free upon request. Address: J. KELLY GIFFEN, President. KNOXVILZIE, TENN. Y Founded by General Oliver O. Howard WASHINGTON, D. C. Purpose ) To provide the Twelve Million Colored people < of the United States with College - trained and Professional leaders through its courses in ARTS,SCIENCES, SOCIOLOGY, EDU- CATION, ECONOM- ICS; its Schools of Music, Applied Sci- Y ences, Medicine, Den- ) tistry, Pharmacy, Re- ) ligion and Law. President Mordecai W. Johnson ) Secretary-Treasurer \ Emmett J. Scott An Outstanding National University A University located at the Capital of the Nation, with a campus of twenty-five acres. Modern scientific and general equipment. A plant worth approximately $3,- 000,000. A faculty of 176 members. A student body of approximately 2,400, from 36 different states and 14 foreign countries. Generally acknowledged to be the outstanding National University of the Colored Peo- ple of America. Students may enter for Collegiate Work at the beginning of any Quarter REGISTRATION PERIODS AUTUMN QUARTER - - OcTOBER 1, 2, 3, 1928 WinTeR QuaRTER - - - - January 2, 1929 SPRING QUARTER - - - - Marcu 20, 1929 HOWARD’S NEEDS $120 per year to cover incidental fees, etc. (tuition) of a student for a year. $2,400 for Permanent Scholarship. An Endowment Fund of at least $5,000,000. An Administration building, $100,000 to $150,000. A dormitory for Young Men, $150,000. A building for the College of Education, $150,000. Contributions for current expenses in any amount, however small. FORM OF BEQUEST I give, devise and bequeath to The Howard Uni- versity, an institution incorporated by Special Act of Congress, and located at Washington, D. C., the sum The NORTH w COLLEGE for NEGROES Formerly the Durham State Normal School OFFERS THE FOLLOWING COURSES . THE LIBERAL ARTS COURSE Leading to the A. B. Degree and offeri ufficient work in Secondary Education to enable students to eee il School Teachers’ Cer- tificates, Class A, and High School Principals’ Certificates at the com- pletion of the course. THE SCIENTIFIC COURSE Leading to the B. S. Degree. THE PRE-MEDICAL COURSE A two-year pre-medical course preparing students for entrance into medical colleges will be given. . SPECIAL COURSES IN COMMERCE AND MUSIC CAROLINA ference. The faculty consists of men and women from the best colleges and universities in the country and meets the requirements of the North Carolina College Con- FOR CATALOG AND FURTHER INFORMATION ADDRESS: THe NortH CAROLINA COLLEGE For JAMES E. SHEPARD President DURHAM, N. C. TRAINING OF Address KINDERGARTEN TEACHERS St. Mary’s School Professional Course of Two Years under the direction of the sisters of St. Atlanta University, Atlanta, Ga. Mary. Address: THE SISTER-IN-CHARGE, 6138 Germantown Avenue, Philadelphia, Pa. August, 1928 277 | | — \ 1870 1927 q 7 ence, Normal Training School, College Preparatory, 4 Music and Home Economics. DEPARTMENTS: Theological Seminary, College of Arts and Science, offering special courses in Educa- tien, Secial Service, Music, Physical train- ing. An Episcopal boarding school for iris,
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Medical College. There Is a Great Demand for Graduates of the DENTAL and PHARMACY Departments of Meharry If you have had at least two years of College Work why don't you apply for entrance to Dental Department, or if you have finished High School you can enter our Pharmacy Department. Meharry Medical College DO IT NOW! Nashville, Tenn. Hampton Institute Hampton, Virginia THE COLLEGE DIVISION OF EDUCATION—tour-year high- acheol teacher's course leading te degree Bechelor of Science; and twe-year course for primary, intermediate and uppet-grade teachers. 2 DIVISION OF AGRICULTURE — four-year 0 leading to degree of Bachelor of ence 8 DIVISION OF HOME ECONOMI year course leading to degree of Science; and 5 DIVISION OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTION —four-year course leading te degree of of Science: and two-year course— aims to train skilled bullders. 6 DIVISION OF LIBRARY SCIENCE—ene- year professional librarians for normal schools, colleges and branch libraries in city systems. degree of Bachelor of Science and 8 DIVISION OF MUSIC—four-year course lead- ing te degree of Bachelor of Science. THE ACADEMY A etandard four-year accredited high scheesl, preparing for college entrance. TRADE SCHOOL Four-year courses in each of twelve trades. JAMES E. GREGG, Principal HAMPTON INSTITUTE, Virginia Agriculturai and Technical College of North Carolina AT GREENSBORO An “A” Grade College An Agricultural Department Courses leading to the degree of B.S. in Agriculture. A Technical Department Courses leading to the degree of B.S. im Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engi- neering and Architectural Engineering. to epartment Cour leading to the de of B.S. in Education, for the Eg Vocational Teachers. A Trade Department Offering the following trades: Brickla Plastering, Carpentry, Cabinet Ma Automobile Mechanics, Machine Shop Prae- tice, Tailoring, Shoe Making and Repairing, Plumbing, Electricity, Forging. A Standard Technical High School A High School which prepares students for and for D tro usiness Vepartment Courses in Shorthand. Typewriting, Book- ing, Commercial Law. MODERN EQUIPMENT SPLENDID LOCATION MODERATE EXPENSES FALL TERM BEGINS SEPT. 17, 1928 For further information, address F. D. BLUFORD, President A. & T. COLLEGE Greensboro, N. C. The TUSKEGEE NORMAL and ——— INDUSTRIAL INSTITUTE Founded by Booker T. WASHINGTON YY sty Exceptional Opportunities to Negro Youth for Thorough Education in igh Sc and College Courses and in Agriculture, Mechanical Industries and in Industries for Women. THE DEPARTMENT OF MECHANI- CAL INDUSTRIES for trades including Carpentey Brick: Practice THE WOMAN'S INDUSTRIES include ome Ecc ics — Cou in Foods, to addition Home Crafts and Ladies’ Tailoring. THE AGRICULTURAL DEPART- MENT with 1850 acres of land offers a TWO-YEAR COLLEGE COURSES are offered in Education for the training of nomics rees Clothing, Millinery, Applied Art, Launder- - schold i a Teachers in Elementary Schools, for Teachers of Mechanical Industries; in Business Practice; in Home Economics; and in Technical Arts. FOUR-YEAR COLLEGE COURSES leading to the Bachelor of Science cygees are offered in Agriculture, in Home - nomics, and in ucation. THE A. ANDREW MEMO. RIAL HOSPITAL and Nurse Training School provides a Sesee-nens course in Nurse Training which qualifies its gradu- ates for registration in all southern states. A SUMMER SCHOOL FOR TEACH- ERS, of ten weeks, divided into two terms, beginning June Ist and meeting the re- quirements of the Boards of Education of all southern states. | Location Unsurpassed fi Information furnished upon application Robert R. Moton, Principal William H. Carter, Treasurer TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE, ALABAMA 278 Education, 1928 (Continued from page 263) bers of the colored race. In fact, some of th-rn have been very popular in gol. lege—one I especially remember who was a member of our baseball team and was liked by everybody. The two boys in college I find on intimate terms with their fellows.” Wellesley adds this: “We are, of course, very careful to avoid dormitory complications by giving these students single rooms. We are also careful in assigning to tables to avoid anything which would make an unhappy situation for these students, since, as yoy know, some southern girls might object, It has happened more than once that either a member of the faculty or a sen- ior in charge of a table in a college dormitory has asked that a certain Ne. gro student be assigned to her table.” Cornell makes no official declaration but a colored student there writes as follows: “There is no law preventing race stu- dents from entering the Cornel! Medical School in New York, but it is an ex- tremely difficult proposition for them to matriculate there; and Negro women students are not prohibited from living in the girls’ dormitories, but it is always impossible for them to secure a room in the same as it is claimed that their appli- cations have not been filed early enough. They are usuaily grouped together with a Negro family and where they have been placed for the last few years has worked many hardships upon them be- cause they are at a great distance from the University, and during the winter when deep snows prevail the trolley ser- vice becomes disrupted thereby making it necessary for them to plod many miles through intense cold and heavy snows.” ANY institutions are doing se- cretly what Butler University has done openly. That is, admit only a certain number or proportion of col- ored students. Butler writes: “We admit ten Negro students each year on the basis of scholarship and character.” Kansas State Agricultural College: “Our policy toward Negro students has always been to give them the benefit of the best that we have in class room instruction, and opportunity to develop to the best of their ability. The training which they receive here enables them to go out and do a really serviceable work among their own people, and to assume positions of leadership. We shall con- tinue along these lines.” OME of the distinctions and honors during 1927-28 have been as fol- lows: At the University of Cincinnati, Ivan C. McLeod, LL. B., 1927, was Tue Criss 4 DIVISION OF BUSINESS—feur-year courm leading to degree of Bachelor of and two-year course—aims te prepare man and women for business positiens or te teach ; business subjecta. = course in ary Agriculture and a full four-year col- lege course in Advanced Agriculture to : train young men and women as Farm Demonstration and Home Demonstration : Agente Teachers of Agriculture and as ntife Farmers.
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Lincoln University "Pioneer in Collegiate and Theological Education the Association of Colleges of Accredited riddle States and Maryland, duates are Leaders in the pr stesion and in all parts of the Address: Wm. Hallock Johnson, President LINCOLN UNIVERSITY CHESTER COUNTY PENNSYLVANIA VIRGINIA UNION UNIVERSITY RICHMOND, VIRGINIA ATED as a class A college by the State Boards of Education in Vir- ginia and North Carolina. In addition to the general college cur- riculum, work is offered in the follow- ing departments : Teachers College Pre-Medical Theological Law Commercial For additional information address THE PRESIDENT SHAW UNIVERSITY Founded 1865 Devoted exclusively to College and Theological work. “A” class college having a prestige in _ gro education. Given qantas y sniversities of the North. With no hig school, increasing emphasis is placed upon college standards and the promotion of col- lege spirit in scholarship and athletics. iven: A.B., B.S., Th.B. and B.S. in onomics. Special attention is given to the training of teachers. Terms proderate. pend for catalog. PEACOCK, Presi- HAW ERSITY, RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA JOHNSON C. SMITH UNIVERSITY (Formerly Biddle University) FOUNDED 1867 FOR MEN ONLY “A” College and High School, so recognized by the North Carolina State Board of Education. A Standard Theological Seminary. Member of the Association of Col- leges for Negro Youth. Large endowment. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, address H. L. McCROREY, President Charlotte, North Carolina Aacrum School of Music Ofers Courses in Piano, Pipe Organ, Violin, Voice. Theory, Solfeggio, Harmony, tion. New onservatory method. cellent faculty. Fine dormitory rooms. Director: MRS. ESTELLE ANCRUM FORSTER Graduate N.E.C., 1919-20. SEND FoR YEAR BOOK. ADDRESS: 4 W. Rutland Sq., Boston, Mass. August, 1928 made a charter member of the Cin- cinnati chapter of the Order of the Coif, an honorary society on par with Phi Beta Kappa. Theodore M. Berry, A. B., 1928, won the coveted Jones prize for writing and delivering the best oration of some one hundred senior participants in the competition conducted under the auspices of the Public Speaking Department in the College of Liberal Arts. His subject was, “Ihe Significance of Minority”. Rebecca Dixon, a student in the Art Academy in Cincinnati, and in the Uni- versity, won the first prize for a pen and ink drawing in the annual Prize Day Competition in May. Harry S. Williams, freshman law student, won second prize in this same Prize Day competition for his short story, “Stack- o-Dollars”. Mary R. Busch, A. B., 1926, B. E., 1927, on a Laura Spelman Rockefeller Foundation fellowship in 1927-28 is candidate for the M. A. degree in 1929 in the Department of Child Care and Training. Louise Bris- coe, A. B., 1927, studied under a Laura Spelman Rockefeller fellow- ship during the year 1927-28 in the Department of Child Care and Train- ing and has been appointed research fellow on another fellowship for 1928- 29, at which time she will be a candidate for the M. A. in Child Care and Training. T the University of Chicago Alexander Lawrence Whitfield won the Phi Beta Kappa key in 1928. At Bryn Mawr the single colored student has a cum laude record. At the University of Minnesota, Miss Helen N. Jackson won the Phi Beta Kappa key in 1927 and graduated * cum laude in 1928. At Dartmouth a freshman from Washington achieved scholastic dis- tinction. At the University of Michigan, Wil- liam Sinkford, a junior, won the Phi Beta Kappa key. The Messrs. G. M. Colomons, Crispin C. Hall and Victor C. Smith made “excellent records in their work” at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Theodore Myes has made a notable scholastic record at the Washington Square College of New York Uni- versity and won the Phi Beta Kappa key in 1928. At the University of Illinois, Miss Martha A. Roberts was elected to Phi Kappa_ Epsilon, International Honorary fraternity. She served as secretary of the organization during 1927-28. John Carter and Cyprian Cunningham, both of the class of 1929, have been elected to Phi Kappa Epsilon. Miss Celesta E. Cantrell, 1930, has been elected to Alpha VIRGINIA NorRMAL AND INDUSTRIAL INSTITUTE (Virginia State College for Negro Youth) PETERSBURG, VIRGINIA Classed as an “A” college by Virginia and North Carolina The College offers an excellent FACULTY, good physical conditions, curricula leading to degrees in the Arts and Secilences, Eudcation, Music, Home Economics, Agriculture and Industrial Education and a FOUR QUARTER SYSTEM of Organization. Graduates given high rating by Northern Colleges. Spring Quarter opens March 17 and Summer Quar- ter June 16. Expenses moderate. For further information write to Miss J. Louise Barrett, Registrar The Cardinal Gibbons Iustitute RIDGE, ST. MARY’S COUNTY, MARYLAND A school for Negro young men and wo- men of character and purpose. Course of Junior High School grade offered for the coming year. General Mechanics, Agriculture and Do- mestic Science are taught in parallel courses. Living conditions simple, healthful, well- supervise For further information, address Victor H. Daniel, Principal, Ridge, Maryland Bethune-Cookman Colle ge (Formerly The Daytona Normal and Industrial Inst.) DAYTONA BEACH, FLORIDA OCATED in the beautiful Halifax country on the East coast of Florida. An institution where opportunity is afforded for the highest and best in education. Offering courses in JUNIOR COLLEGE Normal Training School for Teachers College Preparatory PECIAL work offered in Commerce, Music, Do- mestic Science and Art, Agriculture and Car- pentry. Athletics encouraged for Boys and Girls. Dormitory Facilities unsurpassed. FOR INFORMATION, Write to Mary McLeod Bethune, President EpWARD WATERS COLLEGE JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA An Ideal Christian Home Schooi in the Heart of Beautiful Florida For students unable to stand the rigors of a Northern winter. Grammar School, Junior High School, Senior High School, Normal School, School of Theology Music, Commercial! Courses, College Courses leading to B.A. Degree, Manual Training, Domes- tic Science and Art, Band, Military Training for men, Physical education for women. Albert B. Cooper, President Bishop john Hurst. Chairnvan Beard of Trustess 279
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Paine College AUGUSTA, GA. Standard College Courses Approved Two-Year Normal Accredited Senior High School Up-to-Date Junior High School “To develop leaders you must have the best possible equipment for liter- ary training and that is what we ore striving for at Paine College”, said one of the leaders of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. This Church contributes largely to the support of Paine College. A Goop ScHoor at REASONABLE RaTEs For further information, address RAY S. TOMLIN, President PAINE COLLEGE The Atlanta School of Social Work INCORPORATED GOOD PAYING JOBS FOR TRAINED NEGROES IN SOCIAL WORK Prepares Men and Women for This Interesting Profession. A NEW DIRECTOR AND AN EX- PANDED PROGRAM THIS YEAR. For Further Information, Address the Director. Forrester B. Washington, A.M. Atlanta School of Social Work 239 Auburn Avenue Northeast Atlanta, Georgia Simmons University, offered. PABRISH. President. 280 Lambda Delta, freshman woman’s honorary sorority. Reginald F. Fisher served as secretary-historian of the University Interracial Commission. At New York University Miss Thelma Berlack has been elected to Delta Mu Delta, national honorary fraternity in the schools of Commerce. ISS GEORGIA A. CALD- WELL of the University of Kansas has been elected to Phi Beta Kappa and has been awarded a $400 fellowship for graduate study in Mathematics. Two students of Negro descent have completed two years in the medical school successfully at the University of Pennsylvania. ‘They are members of the Medical Reserve Officers’ Train- ing Corps, (R. O. T. C.). As far as can be learned, they are the only Ne- groes in the Reserve Officers’ Training Corps for Medical men in the United States. These students are: William B. Perry of Atlantic City, N. J., and Rudolph Winston of Philadelphia, Pa. At Ohio State University P. Bernard Young has a point average of 3.2, the highest possible being 4.0, and the required 1.8. His brother, Thomas W. Young, has a point average of 3.4. P. Bernard Young is a member of the staff of the Ohio State Lantern, the campus daily. “Talmadge Long and Stanley Smith won their Varsity let- ters for distinguished track work. N.A.A.C.P. (Continued from page 266) garn Medal night was Tuesday, July 3. Miss Ethelwyn Mills spoke of peace: » “The white man arrogantly pushes his way through the Orient and the yellow peoples in turn are learning the white man’s way of violence and hurl at him their distrust. We seem to stand only a step or two away from gigantic war, which might easily involve the whole world in unimaginable terror and mis- ery. The Lieutenant Governor of the state presented the Spingarn Medal to Charles W. Chesnutt and Mr. Ches- nutt responded. Harry Davis closed the session with a spirited defense of reconstruction. “During the entire period only 33 col- ored men were seated in the national con- gress and one-half of these were college men. In one senatorial campaign the Charleston News and Courier urged the election of Robert Brown Elliott, an Ox- ford man, over a northern carpet bag- ger and a southern demagogue. It has been aptly pointed out that a majority of these men had received more scholas- tic training than a recent President of the United States. In state and local administrative office a fair number of colored men served with such conspicu- ous ability as to gain the respect of southern whites. PRINCESS ANNE ACADEMY Eastern Branch of the Unj- verstty of Maryland PRINCESS ANNE, MARYLAND Junior College Grade Ideal Location, Healthfy] Climate, Strong Faculty. Departments: JUNIOR COLLEGE.—English, Education, Mathematics, Foreign Languages, Religious Education, Science, Sociology. HIGH SCHOOL. — Drawing, English, History, Foreign Lan- guages, Mathematics, Music, Phys- ical Education, Religious Educa- tion, Science. INDUSTRIAL. — Agriculture, Auto-mechanics, Blacksmithing Carpentry, Dairying, Home Eco- nomics, Horticulture, Poultry Husbandry, Printing, Home-nurs- ing. Commercial.—Stenography and Typewriting. MUSIC.—Vocal, Instrumental. Saint Frances’ Academy East Chase St., Baltimore, Maryland Private Boarding School for Girls conducted by the Oblate Sisters of Providence High School, Intermediate and Primary Courses, Music and Art. For Catalogue address the Sister Directress Burrell Memorial Hospital Training School for Nurees ROANOKE, VA. State accredited. Three year course in general nursing. 50 bed hospital. On approved list of American Col- lege of Surgeons. Free tuition, board and room, text-books, uniforms ; also monthly cash allowance. Ideal loca- tion, 1,000 feet above sea level. Only High School graduated admitted. ‘Write to, Ethel M. Bigham, R. N. Supt. of Nurses A PLAY ii Gives mere laughs and puts more cash inte te than = — that a Chura @ Club can have. verybody likes te attend the Slabtown District Convention It is « scream and at the same time it is Sess Because it teaches a number of good lessons GET IT AND GIVE IT—PRICE 500 Miss Nannie H. Burroughs Author and Publisher 0.8 NGTON, 8. LINCOLN HEIGHTS WASH! Tue Crisis | PPP PPP PPP PPP PPP PPP PPP PP The only institution in the State having for its object Collegiate, Ministerial, Medical and Legal training fer Colored Citizens in Kentucky Special training in Insurance, Social Service, Nurs- ing and Hospital Work. Normal, Commercial, Music, Domestic Science, Missionary Training Class
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“ ‘te of inexperience and in spite of eece of the technique of govern- ment, handicaps which have wrecked far abler officials, the Negro gave to the South in a few short years the funda- mentals of American democracy. He wrote into the organic law provisions for a free ballot and free public schools. He reformed the judicial and penal code and made the beginnings of state institu- tions for the care of the unfortunate. He even made free labor and wages re- spectable. Some day history will cor- rectly appraise the Negro’s first oppor- tunity and effort and some day even a grudging South will admit the merit of these outstanding accomplishments—a program of achievements worthy of the highest praise in any democratic govern- ment. “Today we observe an appreciable ten- dency toward the restoration of the Ne- gro in public life. He is gradually se- curing not a dominating, but a repre- sentative place in public service.” The address to the country, drawn up by the committee of which Dr. W. E. B. Du Bois was Chairman, was as follows : “The year of the Presidential Election brings forcibly to the mind of every American, white and black, the insistent problem of Democratic Government in the United States. The National Asso- ciation for the Advancement of Colored People in its 19th Annual Conference reiterates its charge that the disfrancise- ment of the majority of intelligent adult Negroes in the United States is not sim- ply a race problem, it is a problem of Democracy and it affects the entire na- tion and the whole world. If Democracy is discredited and sneer- ed at today, it is very largely because of its partial failure in the United States. We are today dominated openly by selfish private interests, rather than by free and intelligent public opinion; and this is in no small measure because the disfranchisement of 3,750,000 black voters in the South has involved the dis- franchisement of more than 5 million Southern white voters. Despite an in- crease of 100 per cent in the voting popu- lation of 11 Southern states, and despite the 19th Amendment, we face the as- tonishing fact that in the last forty years voting population there has increased only 50 per cent and in the Southern South, there has been practically no in- crease in the number of voters in a gen- eration. These facts, together with the dis- franchisement of the foreign-born in New England, and the gerrymandering of congressional districts elsewhere, give the astonishing result that a million vot- ers can elect 45 Congressmen in the South and 16 in New England, but only Middle West and 12 on the c Coast. _ Facts such as these are ruining the interest of Americans in elections all over United States. Ordinarily, scarcely one eligible American voter out of three tizens years of age and over who did not vote in the last election, reached per cent in two states; 70 to 90 per August, 1928 Guarding the Resources over JS5,000,000.00 By Insurance Ze in force First—in Size in Service ana in Strength VERY Negro in America has a tremendous stake in guarding this Citadel over which the National Benefit stands sentinel. The lives of our children and our children’s children—for genera- tions yet unborn—these too are vitally concerned in the manner of its guardianship. For the citadel is the Citadel of Negro Commercial Progress, and in its protection and strengthening lies our hope as a Race to obtain for ourselves—and those to follow us— the splendor of Equal Opportunity and Higher Standards of Living and Attainment. Against all invaders, over nearly three decades of years, the National Benefit has held every breach, repelled every attack, kept intact this stronghold of the Race. As the largest and strongest Negro enterprise—as the greatest Negro financial institution on earth— the post is ours by right as well as by choice. Stand with us—do business with Negro enterprises— insure in Negro companies—their future is the fu- ture of the Race. THE NATIONAL BENEFIT LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY WASHINGTON, D. C. 281 f | YY - - # ‘ > \ — — WN) | |
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Let Consumers Service Serve You ON’T WORRY BECAUSE YOU DON’T HAVE THE MONEY to take advantage of cer- tain bargains and later worry again because you have the money and no bargains seem available. BARGAIN TAKES ADVAN- TAGE OF YOU whenever you buy what you don’t need sim- ly because the price is marked own. UR GUARANTEED SERVICE SAVES FOR YOU by secur- ing at a worth while discount what you need when you want it. Consequently you may dismiss the anxiety of bargain hunting and get the standard merchandise you prefer. HE COST OF THE SERVICE IS SMALL. We are con- vinced that you will continue to use it after you have tried it. On this account we are offering the service to you free of charge for the first sixty days, after which ou will pay, if satisfied, the nom- inal charges of $5.00 a year, $2.75 for six months $1.50 for three months. PPROPRIATE GIFTS FOR ALL OCCASIONS — shoes, clothing, leather goods, music, stationery, pennants, badges—in fact practically any- thing you need. CONSUMERS SERVICE GEN. P. O. BOX 18, New York City Yes. I will try your service for sixty days. If it is satisfactory I will take advantage of the same for a period of One year ..... $5.00 as checked Six months ... 2.75 Three months . 1.50 I am especially interested in se- curing best prices on the following EXTRA MONEY FOR YOU Take orders for our popularly priced line of Calling Cards, Business Cards, Fraternal! Cards and Monogrammed Stationery. Good pay; big demand; outfit furnished. rite for samples and terms. THE HOUSE OF CHOWNING 627 Cleveland Ave. Indianapolis, Ind. cent in 7 states; from 50 to 70 per cent in 9 states; and from 40 to 50 per cent in 16 states. Thus, Democratic Government in the United States has become a farce, pri- marily because for the sake of disfran- chising black men, white America has been willing to distranchise itself. The National Association for the Ad- vancement of Colored People in this year of the Presidential Election calls on the nation for a new faith in Democracy without regard to race or color. The American ballot must be re-established on a real basis of intelligence and char- acter. Only in such way <an this nation face the tremendous problems before it: the problem of free speech, an unsub- sidized press, and civil liberty for all people; the problem of imperialism and the emancipation of Haiti, Nicaragua, Cuba, the Philippines and Hawaii from the Government of American Banks; the overshadowing problem of peace among the nations and of decent and intelligent cooperation in the real advancement of the natives of Africa and Asia, together with freedom for China, India and Egypt. If we need the power of intelligent democracy for these broader matters, we need it all the more here in our own land and for the specific hurts of the population that this Association espe- cially represents. For the first time in a generation there has passed in the United States one period of one hundred and twenty days when a human being has not been lynched by a mob. The gratification of record- ing such a fact only increases the sense of utter shame that a great modern na- tion must needs rejoice at so elementary an exhibition of decency. If lynching can be stopped for four months, it can be stopped for four years. If it can be les- sened by local initiative, it can and should be wiped out by national enactment. It is clear from seven recent mob murders that lynching still needs to be stopped. A Federal Anti-Lynching Law should write into the statutes of the nation the deter- mination of America to put down mob rule. Disfrancisement and segregation, race hatred and war, all are steps toward the same degeneracy. We have driven ofh- cial residential segregation out from the protection of the law; but it continues to be common in real estate manipula- tion and by voluntary agreement. Segre- gation by race of American citizens is still practiced and persisted in the de- partments of the Federal Government at Washington. It is due to our unremit- ting effort that this open defiance of the constitution is less general. Whatever political power we have, should be used to continue the fight until no vestige of this abuse remains. Watchman Industrial Schoo) North Scituate, Rh. Is. This Institute provides an opportunity for boys and girls from the age of 12 years and up to acquire a sound training for active lead. ership and service in improving the religious moral, industrial and civic conditions of the communities in which they may live. Healthy Climate Outside of City Junior High Scheol Course For further information write: WILLIAM 8S. HOLLAND. Preside NORTH SCITUATE RHODE nt ISLAND Bimala Incense Imported Incense Burner Oriental Perfume BIMALA HINDOO INCENSE used extensively in the homes and churches People are talking about “Bimala Incense” in the street car, in churches, and every- where. Such fragrance, such loveliness, such oriental sweetness is for the first time brought into the homes of man. If you are a housewife or a working girl, a husband or a bachelor, a poet or a priest, try Bimals Incense once and see what joy you have missed hitherto in your life. Let it burn while you work, read, think, pray, talk, a or dream, see what an unearthly upliitment be yours. Order now and let the imala Incense create an oriental atmos- phere at your home. : Bimala Incense comes in four delicate odors, Rose, Jasmin, Orange-blossom, and Sandlewood. If it is hard for you to obtain Bimala Incense at your drug store, write order c/o BIMALA INCENSE, P. O. Box 1508, Detroit, Mich. Send 10 cents for a trial box of our : genuine FOR MAIL ORDER SMALL BOX 80 Conts LARGE BOX ... 0 Cents Agents Wanted Everywhere HINDU INCENSE P. O. Box 1508, Detroit, Mich. You Should Read St. John’s Revelation Unsealed Amazing. fascinating, soul-satisfying. The Revela- tion verbatim sanely analyzed. Guarda Publishing Co. 2234 Los Angeles, trait, News or Commercial Pho- tographer. home or in our New York Studics. Spare or full time. Free job service. nN. Y. Photography. 10 W. 33rd st.. N. Y. Dept. 35 “= FREE BOOK Ex lai: opportunities as Motion Picture Camera Man, Por- You can learn at Institute of 68 Fifth Avenue Sell THE CRISIS in your eomavuntay or recom. mend persons who have energy and the represent us acceptably. For particulars write the Director of Agencies THE CRISIS, 282 ability to STOCK SALESMEN THE SUPREM New York City WANTED EXPERIENCED, ABLE, HONEST AND ENERGETIC SPLENDID OPPORTUNITY FOR RIGHT MEN NONE OTHER NEED APPLY E LIFE AND CASUALTY CO. 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In the past, racial discrimination in the United States has been repeatedly ex- cused on account of the ignorance of the descendants of the slaves, despite the fact that this ignorance was once notoriously made compulsory by law. Even today with the tremendous advance which black Americans have made in intelli- nce, their means of education are de- plorably limited. In the chief centers of Negro population there is open discrimi- nation in the salaries of teachers, length of school terms, provision of housing and equipment, and amount of money spent on white and Negro public schools. A recent document published in the Congressional Record shows that the states which have separate. schools for Negroes have only 3,000 college students, where they ought to have 37,000 and re- ceive only $2,300,000 a year from State and National funds, when they ought to receive twelve millions. This is illegal and unconstitutional and socially suicidal. It must be remedied and we must remedy it by every means in our power and especially by ballots and by court action. Pictures of Distinguished Negroes Excellent photographs 11 x l4, finished in black tone, large enough to be framed and placed on the walls of your school or home. Price $1.00 each. Small pictures of 100 distin- guished Negroes, half-tone prints, 34 x 4%. Price 10 cents a piece, $1 a oie, dozen, and §$7.50 a hundred. The Associated Publishers, Inc., 1538 Ninth St. N. W., Washington, D. C. CRISIS PERSONAL STATIONERY Suitable for Your Daily and Most Our economic situation is still pre- Particular Correspondence. carious and deplorable. We have more difficulty than white folk in securing de- cent work and we are paid less for the same jobs. We denounce the secret en- mity toward black workers which is still manifested by those American trade unions which acquiesce in discrimination toward them and in opposition to their | membership and employment. We should | Your Name and Address or Monogram richly EMBOSSED (not printed) on extra heavy, fine quality Stationery. Each sheet and envelope is marked with lus- trous raised letters, giving the appearance of costly die-engraving and at less than half the price refuse to use our political power to ad- Send us your 3 year sub- Social Size—Bond Paper vance the cause of white unionism when it stands for color discrimination. We scription ($4.50) to THE Oe nies tat ee rejoice at the continued growth and de- b velopment of Negro culture, art and CRISIS and we will send and 100 envelopes, all richly em- 9.00 literature. Despite efforts within and you a box of CRISIS PER- without the race to prostitute beauty (100 and 100 to filth and defeaticm, we are still SONAL STATIONERY 2-00 objects of petty public insult, coupled , , . F bossi ll 200 single sh with economic theft. In time of public with our compliments, or if add 50 cents. ipa tgaae calamity, like the Mississippi flood, we you prefer, just order sta- “eS P +h adage Grey, Blue or are treated in many instances like slaves Colere of Gane and criminals. We still lack the right tionery at rates quoted. or Gold. oe to enter many places of public accom- modation, and especially we continue to pay railroads in the South for accom- Prices include 1, 2 or 3 lines of wording or your monogram. Additional lines, 15¢ per line. modations which we do not receive. Postage prepaid east of Mississippi. To Western points, Canada and Island Possessions, trafic, enforce a species of discrimination _ ENCLOSE CHECK, MONEY ORDER OR CURRENCY WITH ORDER — SHIPMENT IN 80 yam and so obviously illegal as ABOUT FIVE DAYS. SATISFACTION GUARANTEED OR MONEY REFUNDED. to or immediate redress before the : courts. Our great weapon of offense THE CRISIS MAGAZINE against all this is the ballot. We must 69 Fifth Avenue New York City | not give it up. We must register and vote whenever and wherever we can. We must not mortgage our vote to faith- me, THE FRANCIS E. W. HARPER eh return for our po- ’ litical allegiance, education, decent home GIRLS DORMITORIES surroundings, public protection and na- 1424 Christian Street tional respect. Behind that ballot and Philadelphia, Pa. gating for it stands the National Asso- Home Privileges and Special Rates to Students , ciation for the Advancement of Colored and Women. — uty who does not support loring. Never before Hs policies and its work. SUNSET INN ae We hail and greet our friends, North and South, black and white, whose liberal ught in word and deed, in platform, Come and spend your vacation with us, it will de classroom, book and press, is || Home cooking specialty. Rate Twa August, 1928 | ¥ + | | | | | 4 4 if | |
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MORGAN (COLLEGE Jehn O. Spencer, President Jehan W. Haywood, A.M., S.T.D., Deas cates for high school teaching. RATING:—Accredited by the Association of Colleges and Preparatory Schools for the Middle States and Maryland, by the State Board of Education in Maryland, and other States. POLICY :—Co-educational. FACULTY:—University trained specialists. SITE:—Eighty-five acres, beautiful scenery, athletic fields. DORMITORIES:—Equipped and supervised. SUMMER SCHOOL:—(1928) Six weeks, June 25th to August 3rd. OPEN:—September 23, REGISTRATION :—Sept. 23rd and Mth, 1927. INFORMATION :—Address Edward N. Wil- son, Registrar, Morgan College, Balti- more, Rust College GOING TO COLLEGE? Ceme to Rust College—Beautifully Located. Students from Fourteen States College of Liberal Arts, Standard Normal, Home Economics, Music, Junier and Senior High Schools. Efficient Faculty. New Equipment fer Laborateries, Enlarged Library. Rates Reasenable For further information write President L. M. McCoy Holly Springs : Mississippi Wiley College MARSHALL, TEXAS M. W. DOGAN, President H. J. MASON, Berecutive Secretary Ideals, Traditions, Standards of the Finest Quality. Faculty composed of high grade teachers. Maintains fellowing departments: College, Senior High School, Extension, Correspon- dence, Music, Commerce, Home Econemics, Founda- tion for Study of Prohibition and the Negre— beth research and publicity phases. Offers abundant opportunity to students for train- ing in qualities of leadership. Excellent student persennel, fine College atmos- phere, wholesome student activities. Championship debating and athletic teams. Graduates admitted on approval to best universities. Diploma recognized in number of states. For further information, write the Dean or REGISTRAR. Allen University Columbia, C. A Co-Educational Institution Offering Courses in THE JUNIOR COLLEGE FOR TEACHERS ARTS AND SCIENCES Y MUSIC COMMERCE HOME ECONOMICS EACHER TRAINING A SPECIALTY DEGREES: A.B.. B.D., Th.B., A.B. in Education Approved by the State of South Caroline. Aided by the Sieter Fund and the General Education Board. Facilities increased this year. DAVID H. SIMS, President BISHOP JOHN HURST, Chairman Trustee Board LIVINGSTONE COLLEGE An “A™ Class College sy J. C. PRICE SALISBURY, N. C. Offers the Following Courses: TEEOL®GICAL SeHoor Lipeeat Arts anp SCIENCES Domestic Arts AND SCIENCES CoM MERCIAL Music Teacher TRAINING A School of Liberal Training with Distinct eligious Atmosphere All Athletics For Further Information Address Ww. J. ENT, President James Edward Mason, Financia! Secretary Florida Normal and Collegiate Institute ST. AUGUSTINE, FLORIDA (The Ancient City of Sunshine Land) Junior Senior HicH TEACHER TRAINING Juntor CoLiece Courses Pre-MEDICAL AND VOCATIONAL CouURSES Fer further information address NATHAN W. COLLIER, Pres. STORER COLLEGE HARPERS FERRY, W. VA. Magnificent location of race scenic and historic interest. Junior College, Normal, High School Courses, Music, Domestic Art, Religious influences, Non-sectarian. Anthony Hall being rebuilt and ready September 1. Funds. for a fine new Domestic Science Building provided and soon to be erected. For Catalog, address Registrar. iTY VOCATIONS THE PRIDE OF CAROLINA STATE AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGE ORANGEBURG, SOUTH CAROLINA AMONG THE MOST DISTINGUISHED OF THE SEVENTEEN LAND GRANT COLLEGES IN ORGANIZATION, EQUIPMENT AND COURSES LEADING TO BACHELOR DEGREES, INCLUDING FIFTY MODERN BUILDINGS AFFORDING AMPLE SPACE FOR DORMITORIES, LABORATORIES, RECITATIONS AND EXTRA-CURRICULA ACTIVIT 000,000.00. - — FROM THE BEST INSTITUTIONS IN AMERICA. FALL SESSION BEGINS SEPTEMBER ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE ON TES. VALUED AT $1,000,000.00 . 8 WILKINSON. President. 284 Our Negro “Intellectuals” (Continued from page 269) which is the other side of life are the qualifications of the critic. Our N “intellectuals” have tried to substitute a display of their own and the race's eccentricities for these virtues, Mr Schuyler and Mr. Gordon are likely to become the forerunners of a line of young critics, who will pose as the thoughtful and emancipated Negro, They will pretend to represent a posi. tivistic and experimental attitude to ward the Negro’s situation, to replace the religious fatalism and inferiority complex of our older leaders. It js precisely this specious liberalism in our little Menchenites, which makes them dangerous. The Negro to-day is at a critical and strategic point of trans tion, where the cry of intellectual emancipation will lead him after false lights, unless he is willing to be thor- oughly critical. We must avoid the re current, human tendency to exchange one extreme for another. Complete trust of all that parades as intelligence, and an effort to be hypercritical are not the proper cure for an inferiority com- plex. Smartness and a superficial cyni- cism are not substitutes for reflection and vision. R. SCHUYLER and Mr. Gor- don are interested only in ex- pressing themselves, their cleverness without taste, their radicalism with out intelligence, their contempt for Negro leaders and our upper class, un- informed by serious principles. The most obvious fact concerning Mr. Schuyler’s articles is their coarse flip- pancy which he no doubt means to be a protective hardening for the sensi tiveness and race-consciousness of Ne- groes. But to become hardened to such terms as “smoke”, “Ziggaboo’, “crow”, “dinge”, “shine”, or to take refuge in thumbing one’s nose by hutl- ing back “cracker”, “peckerwood”, and “hill-billy”, is not to gain stoical strength, but to lose self-respect. The qualities which have kept the Negro’ spirit unbroken are a gift for irony of a broader kind, and an everlasting for titude. Reflection and contemplation, alone, can insure the critic’s virtues of per spective and balance. Reflection made evident by one’s discrimination, one’s power of making vital distinc tions. What Mr. Schuyler, Mr. Gor don, and their school, as well as Mt. Mencken, lack, is just this faculty of discriminating judgment. Mr. Schuy- ler especially reveals his lack of all standards in his frivolous and univer sal cynicism. In his indiscriminate Tue Criss LOCATION :—College town between North and South. COURSES:—Semester Credit System. A.B., B.S., and B.S. in Education degrees. Advanced courses in Education Certifi- ee | ——
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- ring at all efforts to ameliorate and injustice, and at the efforts of such men as “Dr. Lamp- black of the Federal Society for the Exploitation of Lynching, who will eloquently hold forth for the better part of an hour on the blackamoor’s gifts to the Great Republic, and why, therefore, he should not be kept down”, Mr. Schuyler betrays his own intellec- tual muddle. R. GORDON’S innocence of M any standards and his intellec- tual confusion are illustrated by his naive theory that the tradition which the Negro wants to preserve is that of the black-face minstrel and the Stephen Foster folk. THE NEGRO’S IN- HIBITIONS, so far as it ts at all honest and serious, is an unconscious reductio ad absurdum of the primitivis- tic creed. The Negro is to treasure his eccentricities simply because they are spontaneous and differentiate him from the white man! If Mr. Gordon had any real perception he would have found ideals based upon the character of the Negro which distinguish him from the white man in a more funda- mental sense. The qualities which have moulded the Negro are not emotional crudeness and colorful spontaneity ; they are fortitude, an oriental spirituality and unworldliness, and a faculty of laughing at any tendency towards self- pity, which more than anything human approaches the laughter of Mr. O’Neil’s Lazarus! ITHOUT intelligent standards, then, our Menckenites still in- sist upon expressing themselves. What they really set up for our improvement, in the place of standards, is their own personality. ‘The virtue of their writ- ing they believe to lie in the brilliance and iconoclastic smartness with which they demolish what is obviously ignor- ant and mean. Every man or move- ment treated is warped and caricatured by the necessity for displaying their own temperament. Mr. Schuyler ex- presses his fantastic misconception of the affluence recently acquired by Ne- gro writers, in this fashion: “the black scribblers, along with the race orators, are now wallowing in the luxury of four-room apartments, expensive radios, Chickering pianos, Bond Street habili- ments, canvas-back duck, pre-war Scotch, and high yallow mistresses”’. And Mr. Schuyler is “wallowing” in his own temperament! Similarly Mr. tdon’s representation that most Ne- groes are blind apes of everything in the white world is only a reflection of his individual desire to pose before the white public. So long as we have had romantic confessionalists, we have been acquainted with those who desire “to publish themselves”, in Emerson’s August, 1928 WANTED EVERYWHERE Good Auto, Mechanles, Blackemiths, | Carpenters, Downin gtown Industrial and Agricultural School DOWNINGTOWN, PA. (Under the Supervision of the Pennsyl- venia Department of Public Instruction.) SPECIALIZES in training good workers and good citizens offers to boys and girls over thirteen years of age Healthy Climate Outside of City Faculty ef College-trained Teachers unier and Senior High Scheel Courses Athletic and Social For further information write J. H. N. WARING, JR. Principal Judson Douglas Wetmore Attorney at Law 1440 Broadway New York (Telephone Lackawanna 5494-5) Member of all courts of New York State and of the Supreme Court of the United States, will lend money on Ist, 2nd and 8rd mortgages. Real estate of all a bought, exchanged and sold. The Lincoln School for Nurses in the City of New York offers to young colored women having completed a four year high school and holding a diploma, a three years’ course of instruction in nursing. Capacity of hospital—420 beds. For information apply to: Superintendent of Nurses MISS S. J. FORD Lincoln School for Nurses New York, N. Y. 1882 1927 LANE COLLEGE Jackson, Tennessee A GROWING College with a splendid bis- tory and a bright future. It offers modern ses in Collegiate, Theological, Musical, College Preparatory, Teachers’ Training, Home Economics and Pre-Medical subjects. Proper standards of conduct as well as scholarship are maintained. Well equipped laboratories, dormitories with modern conveni- ences and facilities under positive Christian influences are supported. For further infor- mation address J. F. LANE, President, Jackson, Tennessee. VOCATIONAL and TRADE TRAINING at The Y. W. C. A. 179 W. 137th St. New Yor, N. Y. The SECRETARIAL and BUSINESS SCHOOL— offering thorough training in all branches of office and secretarial practice, with emphasis upon the successful adjustment of our graduates in the business world. The DRESSMAKING SCHOOL—complete, in- tensive course, developed on the shop plan, to insure the graduation—into the trade of exper- ienced drapers, designers and dressmakers. Apply early for Living Accommodations at the Y. W. C. A. Residence School Opens September 17, 1928 For Further Information Write The Educational Director Haven Teachers College lege Censervatery ef Musie Benier High Schoel Scheel ef Business Junior High Seheel Scheel ef Home Economics Training Scheel Accredited Summer School for Teachers Beautiful Park-like Campus Modern Con Department ef een Education intra-mural and inter-collegiate athletics Terms Reasonable For catalog or further information address J. Beverty F. SHaw, President MERIDIAN, MISSISSIPPI ST. AUGUSTINE’S COLLEGE Raleigh, North Carolina Founded 1867 Conducted under the auspices of the Episcopal Church. A four-year College Course is now being offered, including Pre-Medical and Teacher Training features. A College Preparatory Department, Train- ing School for Nurses, and School for Re- ligious and Social workers are connected with the College. Thorough training, healthy environment, Christian influences. For Catalog and information write The Registrar St. Augustine’s College Raleigh, N. C . THE CHEYNEY TRAINING SCHOOL FoR TEACHERS (A STATE NORMAL SCHO®6L) CHEYNEY, PA. A PENNSYLVANIA State Normal School offering, in addition te the regular Nerma! Academic Ceurse of twe years, professional year ceurses in Home Ecenemics and op A diplema from any ef these courses makes a graduate eligible te teach in the public schools | ef Pennsylvania. For further information and cataleg, write LESLIE PINCKNEY HILL, Principal CHEYNEY, PA. | uni A HIGH STANDARD OF EFFICIENCY If the applicant has the educational qualification and willingness to work finished in a few months. Fall term begins October |, EMPLOYMENT SERVICE: Free to 1227 ST. ED teach shorthand that one can read : wy ‘Touch’ rapidly and accurately; business law is que, body—Cleriocal, WARD T. DUNCAN, Principal The Stenographers’ Institute fours. STENOGRAPHERS TRAINED students are taught to manipulate typewrit machines fascinating; and our bookkeeping and _ ts Duncan’s Business School incessantly, the course may be 1928 Domestic and otherwise. PHILA., PA. 285 { | 4
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NCLE Mose Mason, the singing elder from the Delta Land — now an exclusive Paramount artist—will inspire and uplift you with this harmonious and solemn sacred masterpiece, “Judgment Day in the Morning.” You can’t help but feel better for hearing a record like this Paramount No. 12601. Ask for it at your dealer’s, or send us the coupon. 12601—Judgment Day in the Morning and Red Cross The Disciple of Christ, sermons with singing by Moses Mason. Other Inspiring Paramount Numbers 12618—Old Time Baptism, Part 1, and Old Time 12621—-I hope I May Join That Band and Wade In Baptism, Part 2; Sermons by Rev. R. M. the Water and Be Baptised, Lincoln Four Massey. Quartette; Prof. C. H. Pace, Director. 12611—Goin’ to Rest Where Jesus Is and Been Listening All the Day, Instru- mental Trio; Acc. by Blind Joe Taggart. ae Have Anchored My Soul and King Jesus, Stand By Me, Norfolk Jubilee uartette. 12585—Where Shall | Be and He Arose from the Dead, Deacon L. J. Bates; Guitar Acc. 12035—Father, Prepare Me and My Lord’s Gonna Move This Wicked Race, Nor- folk Jubilee Quartette. Jubilee Quartette. 12234—Where Shall | Be and I’m Gonna Build Right on Dat Shore, / Norfolk Jubilee Quartette. 12416—After a While and Baptize Me, Sermons by Rev. J. M. Gates. 7 vol e 12630—His Eye Is on the Sparrow and I Wouldn’t Mind Dying If / The clear music— Dying Was All, Norfolk Jubilee Quartette. rhe bes SEND NO MONEY! If your dealer is out of the records you want, send us the Laboratories D. f first ies ount! coupon below. Pay postman 75 cents for each record, plus small C. O. records. ee 142 Parameunt Bidg. when he delivers records. We pay postage on shipments of two or more Port Washingten, Wis. ) 12601 ) 12589 >) 22233 ( ) 12621 ( ) 12017 REC.U.S. PAT. OFF. Jhe‘Popular Race Record 12217—Ezekiel Saw De Wheel and Crying Holy Unto the Lord, Norfolk 4 Send me the records f | a \ \\ ES \ \ by j | KY mit, | ) | \ | ~/ | ry giectrically Par amount 4 rded met |
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