The Crisis 1928-07: Vol 35 Iss 7
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PROGRESS AND 525-7-9 N. 2nd St. \ Richmond, Va. PROGRESS The Southern Aid Society of Va., Inc., takes pleasure in announcing an increase in its Paid Up Capital Stock from $100,000 to $150,000. The added capital will make it possible for the corporation to further de- velop its business and field of operation, and likewise to afford greater security for its contracts. SERVICE The Southern Aid Society of Va., Inc., takes pride in the 3-in-1 Unique Policy Contract it has developed and the service this contract renders to our group. The following testimonial gives an inkling of how the policyholders of the corporation respond to both the service and the protective feature of its contract. Richmond, Va., 900 State St., April 30, 1928 Southern Aid Society of Va., Inc Richmond, Va. Gentlemen : I wish you to know that | have been impressed, both with the value of my policy in provid ing weekly benetts during my recent illness and the prompt and agreeable service given by your representative. Southern Aid Society of Va., Inc., is indeed both a comfort and a credit to the race. Respectfully yours, (Signed) H. Dixon, M.D Southern Aid Society of Virginia, Inc. Home Office: 525-7-9 N. 2nd Street, Richmond, Va. Insurance Against: SICKNESS, ACCIDENT and DEATH Operating in State of Virginia and District of Columbia 1 — a “4 |
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“Mariners who come into the harbor of Cap Haitien take bearings on clear days on the Citadel of Christophe. It is a fortress that even from the sea twenty miles away, | looms in majestic silhouette against the sky. . . . Larger and more massive than | the Tower of London, it straddles a mountain peak three thousand feet above the sea. . « the most impressive structure ever conceived by a Negro’s brain, or | erected by black hands in all the tens of thousands of years of the race’s history.” | —From “Black Majesty,” by Vandercook. HIS illiterate West Indian Negro was a Builder. His Citadel stands today to mock those | re would not unite their efforts in the realization of something enduring. Should not this tribute to the Dream of a Builder, likewise, mock the hundreds of thousands of us in the larger cities of this country who sink millions of dollars in second-hand Synagogues, re- modeled apartment houses and the like, instead of uniting even feeble efforts to build . . enduring citadels which fortify our own courage and command the respect of others? In the development of our own business enterprises, particuarly of the life insurance companies, Negroes who pool their resources as stockholders or pay their premiums for life insurance, have a direct benefit in mind, which these companies respect. At the same time, the capital contri- buted, even in small amounts, and the accumulating reserves on the policies, in time, constitute vast resources to be invested. Even though just four years old, the Victory Life Insurance Company has already invested more than a quarter of a million dollars in first mortgages on property owned by Negroes. Be- fore the end of the year, this sum will be considerably increased. Perhaps you can invest your money or buy life insurance almost anywhere. But did you ever think how much more than just that, your connection with this Company can mean to you, and to others like you? Please give full name, date of birth, and occupation in writing the Home Office. Victory Life Insurance Company Home Office: 3621 South State St. Chicago, IIl. “FOR THE CROWNING ACHIBVEMENT OF ee : : saaiheaetined thie nianenminethanaiien $200,000.00 Capital and the Only Negro Company Operating Under the Victory Life Insurance Company” Supervision of the New York Insurance Department.” AS THE FIRST NEGRO ORGANIZATION PERMITTED TO DO INSURANCE BUSINESS Policies may be secured from our agents or by mail anywhere UNDER THE RIGID REQUIREMENTS OF PHE in the United States STATE OF NEW YORK" July, 1928 219 | | |
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LEADING SCHOOL OF BEAUTY CULTURE HOME OF PORO TOILET PREPARATIONS 100 Complete Facilities Pooks, Accommodations for Ladies and Gentlemen who seek an atmosphere of quiet refinement enterprising race women to increase their earnings as PORO Agents, employing either their spare or full time — Write for particulars — PORO COLLE . Turnbo-Malone, Founder and Sole Owner There are openings for 4300 St. Ferdinand Ave. St. Louis, Mo., U.S.A. You can’t afford to miss reading DR. DuBOIS’ powerful new novel DARK PRINCESS IS is Dr. DuBois’s first work of fiction since his well-remem- bered “Darkwater”. In it he reveals new and vigorous pow- ers. The hero of the novel, a young American Negro fleeing from racial discrimination—and the heroine—a Princess of India— become involved in a movement for the emancipation of the dark races. This powerful and dramatic story moves from Berlin to Chicago and Atlanta. $2.00 If your bookstore does not carry it, order direct from Tue Crisis office or from the publishers, Harcourt, Brace and Company 383 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK Fisk [)Jniversity IN THE CITY OF NASHVILLE The College Accredited four year liberal arts college. With 12 major departments. Music Department College major leading to B.A. degree. Diploma in music. Graduate Department Graduate work in Chemistry, English, History, Philosophy and Sociology. - For Particulars, Address THE DEAN Fisk University Nashville, Tenn. Tue Crisis | | | : | | | 220
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THE CRISIS A Record of the Darker Races W. E. Burcuarpt Dv Bors, Editor and Manager COVER. “Progress”. AS THE CROW FLIES Chapter By Mabel Janet Byrd THE BROWSING READER Walter Everette Hawkins THE FAR HORIZON volume 55, No.6 Contents for July, 1928 By Bernie H. Robynson. FRONTISPIECE. The Pickens’ Baby Fraternity, THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS AND THE NEGRO PEOPLES. THE MAN WHO WANTED TO BE RED. A Story. By Frank THE LITTLE PAGE. Illustrated. By Effie Lee Newsome........ THE NEGRO COMMON SCHOOL IN OKLAHOMA THE N. A. A. C. P. BATTLE FRONT. Illustrated.................. THE POET’S CORNER. Poems by Allison Davis, Lewis Alexander, ALONG THE COLOR LINE. Illustrated POSTSCRIPT. By W. E. B. Du Bois Whole No. 213 Page Los Angeles ONGRESS has-adjourned. We should feel even more relieved were it not for the presidential nom- inating conventions.—Persons wishing help from the Government should state their occupations in writing. Those engaged in shipping and manu- factures can have practically what they want. Persons engaged in agri- culture are informed that their re- quest is unconstitutional and that fur- ther application is unhecessary.— President Coolidge does not propose that the Government should interfere with prosperity by entering into private business at Muscle Shoals or Boulder Dam. Private business is invited, and urged to interfere with government just as much as it likes, without getting act- ually in jail, and there is small danger of that.—Gettysburg has just had a levely homily on peace from the man who has signed one of the biggest mili- tary establishment bills in our history and who is killing white men and black in Nicaragua.—The North Polé*is not conquered. The only living human being who has stood upon it has black feet. Nobile sails alone.—The trou- ble with Mrs. Knapp is that she did not steal nearly enough to pay suc- cessful attorneys’ fees. She ought to $ As the Crow Flies drop a note to Sinclair and Stewart.—. We hope a hundred thousand farmers will march on Kansas City and make so much noise that the nation will for- get Presidents and think about farm- ing.—Congress has given some relief to the poor millionaires by reducing their income taxes and the taxes on corporations. ‘This will make the na- tion safe for plutocracy.—Super-power has been buying up schools and cor- porations. Even one Negro university got a dab. ‘Textbooks on the munici- pal ownership of public utilities are now beginning to read _ right.—In China, children of six are working fourteen hours a day for 2c in fac- tories owned by rich Englishmen and Americans. This is the Yellow Peril. —The world was outraged when Rus- sia arrested a group of engineers, in- cluding a number of Germans. All they had been guilty of was ruining Russian coal mines for the sake of English and German owners.—Three hundred years ago this year John HE August Crisis will be our 17th Annual Educa- tion Number. We desire for publication therein pictures of all colored students who have made distinguished records. We shall also publish in that num- ber “Our Negro Intellectuals” by Allison Davis and a report of the 19th Annual Conference of the N. A. A. C. P. at Los Angeles. Bunyan born.—Christians and Quakers are stil] talking about Union. They will be, when the trumpet sounds.—Noguchi, greatest of the students of life, is dead in Africa. He was yellow, but the Rockefeller Insti- tute endured him.—The nations are all about to denounce War, explaining meantime that they don’t mean it.— The net annual income from vice in Chicago is Thirteen and a half mil- lion dollars. No estimate has been made for New York.—The Socialists have triumphed in Germany, but the Government at Washington still lives. —QOur hats are off to the striking Pullman Porters. May they fight the first fight of faith in Negro labor.— The purchase and sale of Negro dele- gates from the rotten boroughs of the South is again the first step of the Presidential Campaign. — England gambles for millions on horses. We gamble for thousands of millions on stocks.—Vilna belongs to Lithuania. Poland stole it. Lithuania wants it back. “Shame on you,” cries Sir Austin Chamberlain.—F lying men and women are crossing the world.—Con- gress appropriated 4% billions of money. Out of this, $2,750,000,000 was for war. The | Crtsis is published monthi sociation for the Advancement o New York, N. Y. 15 cents a copy, $1.50 a year. ‘of expiration he subscription is of a subscriber may be changed July, 1928 C. Foreion subscri each subscription is printed on t ue a blue renewal blank is enclosed. The apres as often as desired, but both the old and ople Pe 69 Fifth Avenue, the National As- scripts tions $1.75. one wrapper. assumes no respon be accompanied by return postage and w ovemoer st under the act of March 3, 1879. FOR new ~_~ 9 must be given and two weeks’ notice is nece drawings relating to desired. must Crisis uses care it 221 } | | | | 225 227 ; 228 | | 229 || | | | 7 =
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, Lhe Pickens’ Baby Fraternity, Chapter One, Los Angeles (See page 236) Marylin F. Williams, President (center) Leola A. Beavers (above ) Arthur Browning, Jr. Vice-President Mignen Morris, Winifred Smith, Claude Grimes, Sergeant-at-Arms Raymond M. Matthews Sammy Austin, John Turner, Melvin Jackson Robert O. Spikes Secretary (below) Honor Member Nancy B. Balch Lois Donaldson, Dorothy Cornelius, Lewis Hudson, Barry Hudson Treasurer Beverly Fields, Jr., Jackie Newman, Eunice Lear Honor Member (See also page 229) THe Crisis 222 4 ~ | : % 4 .
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The League of Nations and the Negro Peoples By MABEL JANET BYRD most part, counted in dollars and cents the gains that had accrued to them by the Treaty of Ver- sailles. ‘The American Negro public counted their gain by less tangible means but none the less real. How- ever, it is only now, almost nine years after the signing of the Treaty, that the public mind realises the magnitude of the problems which are the interna- tional heritage of the day. ‘To the American Negro, Versailles has come to mean probably the most far-reach- ing, modern event in the lives of their African brothers. ‘Therefore, I write these lines to indicate the outstanding points at which the League of Nations touches directly the lives of Negro peo- ples and the consequent effect there- upon. r HE American public, for the The Mandate System T was in the dismemberment of the Turkish and German empires that the mandates system was conceived—a system that, given birth at the Treaty of Versailles, has had far-reaching ef- fects upon the people of the South Sea Islands, Samoa, Nauru, Lebanon, Irak, Palestine and Trans Jordan, and the former German colonies in Africa. The Peace Conference assumed the task of devising measures for the pro- tection of these people who were in a position to be exploited economically and culturally. In consequence thereof Article 22 of the Covenant of the League of Nations provides: “To those colonies and territories which, as a consequence of the late war have ceased to be under the sovereignty of the States which formerly governed them and which are inhabited by people not yet able to stand by themselves un- der the strenous conditions of the mod- ern world, there should be applied the principle that the well-being and de- velopment of such peoples form a sa- cred trust of civilization and that se- curities for the performance of this trust should be embodied in_ the enant. “The best method of giving practi- cal effect to this principle is that the tutelage of such peoples should be en- trusted to advanced nations which, by teason of their resources, their experi- ence, or their geographical position, can best undertake this responsibility and which are willing to accept it, and July, 1928 that this tutelage should be exercised by them as mandatories on behalf of the League.” As a result of the provisions of Ar- ticle 22 of the Covenant and Article 119 of the Treaty of Versailles, in which “Germany renounces in favour of the Principal Allied and Associated Powers all her rights and titles over her overseas possessions”, the mandate system is at present applied to all the former German Colonies in Africa. ITH the exception of a transfer which occurred between the original mandatories and the rectifica- tion of frontiers between contiguous areas administered between Great Brit- ain and Belgium, and Great Britain and France, the allocation of the man- dates made in the following manner, became effective for C mandates, July 1920, and the B mandates were con- firmed by the Council in December 1922: Mandate Mandatory Class Ruler Tanganyika Great Britain B Germany Ruanda-Urundi Belgium British Togo Great Britain 4 French Cameroons France French Togo France S. West Africa Union of S. Africa C * The mandatory is required to ad- minister the territory “under condi- tions that will guarantee: freedom of conscience and religion, the prohibition of abuses such as the slave trade. the arms traffic, the liquor traffic; and the prevention of military training of the nations for other than police purposes and the defence of the territory. It is further incumbent upon the mandatory power to promote the welfare of the indigenous population and have due respect to secure equal opportunities for the trade and commerce of the other members of the League. Finally, the mandatory powers are obliged to make annual reports to the Council of the League and in order that the Coun- cil may be able to examine these re- ports in a capable manner, the Perm- anent Mandate Commission has been formed to advise it on all matters re- lating to the observance of mandates. The main principle of the mandates system is national administration and responsibility by the Mandatory Pow- ers, but in conformity to certain special international obligations. This, then, is the form of government which since 1922 has been responsible for the well- being of over 12,000,009 Africans and indirectly for many millions more. HERE is no doubt that the inter- national character of the man- dates system has had a number of salu- tary effects, both upon the mandated territories and upon other colonial areas. The publicity given to the re- ports of the mandatories insures a thorough investigaticn into the condi- tions in the mandates from every point of view, and the right of the commis- sion to ask for supplementary informa- tion is uncontested. A case in point was the Bondelzwart affair of 1922, when the Bondelzwart tribe, driven to desperation by the ra- cial prejudice and the unfair taxation of the Mandatory power, and hoping at the introduction of the mandate sys- tem for a restoration of their old hunt- ing and grazing grounds taken from them by the German-, refused to pay the tax assessed at an impossibly high figure. ‘Determined to inflict a severe and lasting lesson upon the tribe,” a massacre of Bondels ensued in which machine guns, aeroplanes and moun- tain artillery were used against de- fenceless natives. The South African delegation at the Assembly of 1922 laid the papers containing the story be- fore the Assembly. Mr. Bellegrade, the delegate from Hayti, took up the case, and moved for a committee. Ulti- mately, the Permanent Mandates Com- mission made an inquiry and the state- ment of the Chairman, Marquis Al- berti Theodoli contains some interest- ing aspects of the principles upon which the mandates system is based. ‘These extracts illuminate not only the theoret- ical workings of the Permanent Man- dates Commission, but also the practi- cal applications, ¢¢E“IRST in importance come the interests of the natives, secondly the interests of the whites... The Permanent Mandates Commission in my opinion while seeking to adapt its colonial experience to realising in prac- tice the principle of mandates, must also express its opinion when called upon to do so, in the light of the special principle underlying this institution and not according to the general prin- ciples of colonial administration . . . The Permanent Mandates Commission is agreed as to the precarious nature of 223 |
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the information on which it has to base its judgment. However incom- plete the information my fundamental impression is that the administration of the territory of South West Africa, before, during and after the incident, seems above all to have been concerned with maintaining its own authority, in defence of the interests of the minor- ity consisting of the white population.” These extracts illumine not only the theoretical workings of the Permanent Mandates Commission but also the practical application. As the system stands today, it is generally agreed that it is a step far in advance of the usual colonial systems. And yet there are these outstanding deficiencies. The right of petition al- most nullifies itself for natives from mandated areas are not represented in the Permanent Mandates. Commission ; petitioners are not permitted to present their case in person, nor can they en- gage anyone else to appear for them. On the other hand, the representative of the government can be present and can be heard at the Commission ses- sions; the commission itself is severely handicapped by the inability to make enquiries of the conditions’on the spot, for it is obvious that the real success of the system is dependent largely upon the accurate knowledge of local condi- tions in mandated areas. The League has not yet attacked the fundamental problem of safeguarding the rights in native land. If the process of aliena- tion continues, the African population will become landless and the principal reason for the existence of the man- date system will have passed. The Slavery Convention - T would be interesting to indicate the various steps that have been taken internationally against the trade and the institution of slavery. There is space here only for an indication ot the most important conventions in this long battle of over one hundred years. The General Act of Berlin “bound the signatory powers to suppress the slave trade by land and slavery itself within their territory in the Congo Basin” ; the treaty of Brussels 1890, provided for the powers holding colonies in Africa to stop slave trading within their ter- ritories and to co-operation with. their neighbours in making easy the pursuit of slaves. By the Treaty of St. Ger- main, 1919, each Power agreed to se- cure the complete suppression of slavery in all its forms and of the slave trade by land and sea. Such is the historical background against which the Slavery Convention of 1926 was placed. It is not necessary to say that the results of the previous conventions have been attended with only partial success. Otherwise there 224 would have been no need for the Coun- cil of the League of Nations deriving its power from Article 23 of the Cove- nant, which pledges all member States to secure just treatment for natives inhabitants of territories under their control, to create a temporary Slavery Commission for the study of the cond:- tions. This Commission reported to the Council, in 1925, the urgency of the problem as was shown by the ac- companying evils in connection with slavery, the slave trade and forced la bour. In nineteen areas in Europe, Asia and Africa there still exists slave trading, slave raiding and slave mar- kets, and 3,000,000 men, womer ani children are pawns of the system. In addition, the extent and prevalence of peonage, so-called adoption, debt slav- ery and concubinage, actually forms of slavery—were exposed by the Com- mission. "The Commission, as a result of its labours proposed a new interna- tional convention on slavery, to which all states, whether member: of the League or not, should be invited to subscribe. It was further suggested that the Convention should deal not only with slavery but also with systems of forced labour analogous to slavery. HE Draft Convention followed and was sent forth to all member states and in September 1926, the As- sembly approved a revised form of the Convention which was signed on Sep- tember 25, 1926, by 25 states. This Convention contains the agreement by the Powers to take action within their own boundaries and to limit the right of their own citizens to hold slaves; and furthermore, to take all necessary measures to prevent compulsory or forced labour from developing into con- ditions analagous to slavery. To date, 21 states have ratified the Convention. And on January 1, 1928, Sierra Leone freed some 2,000,000. On the whole, however, the results of the Slavery Convention are yet to be achieved. The Slavery Convention presents many weaknesses. Compulsory labor may be exacted for public purposes, whether essential or not, and it need not be paid. Even compulsory labor for private purposes under the conditions named above is tolerated until each govern- ment decides to abolish it. The inter- national conscience, as shown by the history of international action against slavery has developed slowly. One wonders if the modern realization of the inter-dependence of labour stand- ards between countries will not hasten the total abolition of this form of la- bour. Forced Labor. ECENT years have emphasized the dependence of modern indus- try upon the class of raw materials which are chiefly obtained from those countries where Negro labor is indj- genous. To satisfy this growing de. mand for these raw materials, ever. increasing numbers of Negro labor are answering the call for production. And so with the entrance of colonial areas into the general world economy there has come increasing pressure on native labour to produce and to create the pre- condition of production, i. e. roads and railways. Much of this labour is forced labour: that is, the native is compelled to work for a private employer, for the latter’s benefit. Even where such forced labour, direct in its method, is forhidden, forced labour is obtained by such means as high taxation, restric- tion of the use of land, or the punish- ment of “vagrancy”. The report of the Temporary: Slave Commission contained specific refer- ences to kinds and conditions of work analogous to slavery, which are found in Asia, Africa and other countries, The conditions which accompany forced labour are as follows: forced labour is demanded for private as wel! as public purposes; it is called out at harvest time and upon occasions which domestic demands are made for hunt- ing, community fishing, etc.; it breaks up family and tribal life:, it is often not remunerated; when remunerated, not at the prevailing market rate; women and children are called out for public works, and often men old ana unfit for work; natives have been taken months’ journeys from their homes into conditions far removed from their usual habitudes; head porterage has been a usual means of conveyance of products, heavy loads at great dis- tances, and even women and children are so employed; discipline and pun- ishment, most brutal and cruel are vis- ited upon these workers in many parts of Africa. The economic, social, political and educational developments of the native are sealed for generations to come unless a draft convention or forced la- bour will aim at the abolition of all forced labour, except for such emerg- ency purposes as floods, fires, etc. It is well that the first item on the agenda of the session of the Interna- tional Labour Conference to be held during 1929 is the question of forced labour. This decision was taken by the Governing Body of the Interna- tional Labour Office in October 1927 after consideration of the deliberations of the Committee of Experts on Native Labour who resolved that “forced la- bour should cease at the earliest pos- sible These, then, are the main points at which the League of Nations touches (Will you please turn to page 242) Tue Crisis |
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The Man Who Wanted to Be Red NCE upon a time in the far away Kingdom of Ur there lived a young man called Juda. Juda lived in an age when science ruled the world. Men who had gone before him had wrestled with the problems of the uni- verse, torn from nature her innermost secrets, solved her deepest mysteries, harnessed her to earthly machines to do their work. It was a golden age; riches flowed throughout the land, great buildings thrust climbing towers into the sky. The streets were filled with busy people rearing fresh columns to the Gods they worshipped; great schools rose at every hand where the young learned from the old how to fill their pockets with gold, how to become worshippers in the Temples of the Golden Calf. But these things meant little to Juda; for Juda’s people were Greeners, and the Greeners were like the earth under foot and the dogs in the alley. Now it so happened that the kings and princes of the land, and all their busy followers were people of great beauty, tall and straight with long hair, golden as the sky at the break of day, and their skins a gorgeous red, like the heart of a flame, and a blaz- ing ruby and the western sky when the sun goes down. . And they owned the land, and possessed all that was in it, and far back in their history, the councilors and the elders realized that some one was needed in the kingdom to till the fields, and hew the wood and draw the water. So the traders manned their ships and sailed across the seas to a far country where they found a peculiar people roaming the forests. These people wore no clothes, and lived in huts and had no money, but their bodies were strong and their muscles glistened in the sun and their skin was green, green as an emerald is green and the leaves of a laughing tree and water in deep places. The great red men looked upon them and shook their heads wisely and said one to the other: “These people cannot talk as we talk; they worship no gods like ours; they do not live in beautiful houses as we do.” And others said, “Yes, and they roam the woods like beasts, and they ugh and make merry, but have no clothes, nor books, nor churches. Surely they have no souls, but their bodies are strong and we can use them.” And they all agreed, “Yes, they have no souls and we can use them.” July, 1928 A Story By FRANK HORNE A Fairy Tale for Children of the Earth O they fell upon these people, who were Juda’s people, and took them trom their homes, and the forests they seemed to love and tied them up like cattle and threw them into the dark holds of the ships and set sail for home. All the way back, these green women moaned, and searched for their children, and made sounds very much like red people in agony, and the big green men, bound and tied, sat and stared like children lost in a wood, grown tired with futile running. And sometimes down in the dark bowels of the ships they sang, and their singing was like the breaking of many hearts. But the great red men on the decks stopped up their ears and said one to the other, ““They are beasts and have no souls,” and went their way. And so Juda’s people came to the Kingdom of Ur and were locked in hovels away from their forests and great red men with whips, and lashes were put over them; they were driven into the fields before the sun had risen, and all the long day till darkness came, the green people worked in the teeming sun; and sometimes, when the sun was too hot and the labors hard, they would pause in their work, and the beaters would fall upon them with whips and lashes, and curses and drive them back to their labors. ‘Through- out the length and breadth of the land, these slaves became known as ‘“Greeners,” and were regarded like beasts of the field. dom, and their homes, and their milies and the comradeship of the forests, and instead they were bound into slavery, crowded into dirty huts, beaten at the least provocation, and still their laughter ran like the rippling waters of their far country and they sang their songs to their own gods. In the deep still nights the red men awak- ened to hear sad, beautiful melodies rising out of the huts and some of them tossed in their beds and wondered at this thing. And soon, too, other red men looked upon these green women and found their bodies fair, and took them, so that there gradually arose a race of people neither red nor green, J aon, people had lost their free- a but shading from the paleness of a summer sky before the dawning to the soft whiteness of new fallen snow. These people became known as the “whites” and they were hated on all sides. The red men saw some of their blood in them and hated them for it; the greeners, while these were their own children, were uncomfortable in their presence, so in the Kingdom of Ur, the “whites” became the outcasts and the scourged of both races. UDA was a “white”. His father was a Red man called Moda rom a far country. He was a scien- tist and a chemist of great renown. Juda’s mother was a greener who had slaved in Moda’s house. Moda had been a kind man. He studied long in old mysterious books; sometimes he worked for days in his laboratory at the top of the house, days in which he neither slept nor paused for eating. And Juda’s mother administered to him, and cared for him and fed him. As Juda grew, Moda took him into his work room; slowly disclosed to him his discoveries, taught him to analyze, to create, to understand. Juda’s mind was keen and his hand nimble. As Moda aged, he leaned more and more upon Juda, till one dark night, after three uninterrupted days on one experi- ment, even while he was calling off to Juda the readings on the thermometer, he crumpled and fell before the appara- tus. Juda jumped to his side. Moda looked into his eyes, whispered “Juda,” softly, like a dying wind in a strong tree, and spoke no more. And Juda worked on in the days to follow. When Moda had died, they were in the midst of an awesome dis- covery. ‘Together they had built a vacuum tube, larger, more powerful than had ever been made. They had liberated a flying stream of electrons catapulting through space with the velocity of light. In the path of this terrific bombardment, they had placed many objects and noted many won- drous changes. Placed in a lead chamber at the end of the tube, he had seen the electronic stream change rab- bit’s hair snow white after an exposure of one-tenth of a second, seen it change white salt to brown, and the pure white glass of his apparatus to a deep royal purple. NE night many months after Moda’s death, Juda lay in bed and as was his custom before he fell 225 | =
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asleep, he thought of his experiments ot the day. That very morning he had subjected three blades of grass to the mysterious reagent he had discovered. When he turned off the current and opened the lead chamber, where the three green blades had lain, were three red streaks, red like the heart of a flame and a blazing ruby and the west- ern sky when the sun goes down. Now as he thought of it, a sudden tre- mendous thought fired his brain. He shivered with the audacity of the idea. It startled him so that he rose quickly, drew on his robe, and climbed quietly to his laboratory. “The moon flooded the room with a silver flood; the glass- ware and metal of his complex appara- tus gleamed at him like some grinning, twisted gargoyle. He pressed the switch and awakened the room with light. He stepped hurriedly to the apparatus, opened the door of the chamber and there, as if to clear his doubt, lay the three red wisps, just as he had left them. His hands trembled as he held them and an ecstatic joy- ousness pervaded his being. He shut off the light, ran down the stairs to the door of his mother’s room. He opened it quietly and looked in. She was sleeping peacefully; and his eyes looked long upon the gorgeous green of her arm, which had slipped from under the cover. He hesitated for a moment, then closed the door softly and returned to his room. He threw himself upon his bed but the wildness of his vision would not let him sleep. He tossed and turned and his thoughts ran riot till the first grayness crept up into the sky. He heard his mother stirring down below. He drew on his clothes and hurried to her room. As she sat upon the side of her bed and he at her knees, Juda, in a flood of eager language, told her of his experiment . of his discovery . . . of his own vision. She listened closely, her eyes growing tender as her son breathlessly unfolded his plan. He told her of his hope and his desire. He asked that she help him. With calm resignation, she answered him: “Yes, my Juda.” He left her and rushing aloft to his laboratory returned in a trice with a bottle, some gauze and cotton and a thin sharp scalpel in his hands. His mother had meanwhile bared her body to the waist, and at his request she lay at full length upon the bed, with the broad expanse of her back upper- most. Juda had become again the eager scientist, like a full-bred hound upon a scent. He knelt over his mother and swabbed a space in the small of her back, and then verv carefully, painstakingly with the little blade, he peeled off a two-inch square of her emerald skin. Every now and then a 226 slight quiver of the tlesh was the mother’s only response. He deftly dressed the open place, placed the precious green square between two thin glass plates, kissed his mother silently upon the cheek, and ran again for the stairs, leaving the door swinging open in his haste. NTO his laboratory again, and now all his fervor and haste seemed to have left him. Slowly and carefully, with continual reference to his notes he remounted his apparatus ; made sure of all the connections, all the sup- ports, all the glassware; made new parts, tested out old ones, checked the electric circuit, modulated its force, tried auxiliary experiments to be sure his apparatus was ready and correct in every detail. At last all was ready. The sun was already sinking like a flaming ball, when he slowly opened the heavy leaden door of the exposure chamber, and placed in position the glass plates, containing between them the little square of his mother’s skin. He closed the door firmly, took one final look at the vacuum tube, then with a last audible intake of breath, he threw the switch which sent the current leaping across the electrodes of the gigantic tube. A low, ominous hum filled the air, and slowly a glowing aura sur- rounded the end of the tube and he seemed to see the flying ions catpulting into the leaden chamber with the speed of a ray of light. His chronometer lay upon the stone table and his eyes were glued upon its crawling hand. . . one minute ... two minutes . . . 25 sec- onds . . . With a quick motion, he threw back the switch. The humming ceased, the aura gradually faded and after waiting an eternal space, he threw open the door of the chamber, reached in and drew forth the two glass plates, and between them he saw a square of gorgeous red .. . red like the heart of a flame, and a blazing ruby and the western sky where the sun was even now setting like a fiery ball. A cry of ecstatic joy arose in his heart. He wanted to shriek from his windows into the streets below, “Eureka! Eureka!” Then suddenly there seemed to wail through the recesses of his mind, the sorrow of his beloved peo- ple the sorrow song of the Greeners .. . Go down Moses Wav down in Egypt’s Land Tell old Pharaoh To let ma’ people go— His heart swelled in his breast. He would be a prophet to his people, he would strike“off from their hearts the chains of slavery, he would bring joy and peace to the down-trodden, 4 golden, spilling cry seemed to fill the sky, darkening before the dying rays of the sinking sun. UDA ran to his mother; shared with her his precious secret, byt she, though she wept in joy at his triumph, said no word, soothing his throbbing head against her breast How long he lay there, he did no know, but night had fallen and he left the house to walk into the streets. He felt the impulse to feast his eyes upon the things he would change. His path carried him past the dirty hovyels of the Greeners, the children rolling and playing in the filthy streets; the big green men, drunk with bodily fatigue, sprawled upon the floors, asleep or hopelessly staring into space: the green women futilely striving for some order in the chaos. These things had saddened Juda, but tonight a wild joy was his; those peole too, would have the beauties and the joys of life: they too, would inherit the riches of the Kingdom of Ur; they, too, would bear Red children! Farther up he went into the rich city past the giorious houses of the Red men, past their temples of worship and their Buildings of Trade and Juda was thrilled with the joy of it; these, things, too, would be shared by his people. He paused in front of a beau- tiful bazaar, gay with lights and color. He heard sharp words and _ stepped closer to the door. There stood a Greener, who seemed to be attempting to buy something. The Red men snarled at him like angry dogs, and when he quietly replied, they struck him in the mouth and the blood came. Another hit him from behind, then several set upon him and threw him from the place, his body falling at Juda’s feet with a sickening thud. The Red men turned, not even looking to see whether he lived or not. ‘The joy died suddenly in Juda’s heart. He lifted the Greener to his feet; the man looked sadly into Juda’s eyes, and say- ing nothing, dragged his broken body off into the night. Juda looked back and the Red men had forgotten and gone their ways; he looked off in the dark and he seemed to hear a voice, saving Forgive them They know not what they do... STRANGE feeling arose in Juda, and as he turned his steps for home, an ever growing doubt seemed to be tearing at the glory of his dream. Would his discovery make his people’s hearts like that ? Would it make them beasts too . . . would it make their hearts hard like these buildings? (Will you please turn to page 242) THe Crisis | | ‘
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The Little Page Calendar Chat JE field artillery is now in action ‘with nightly firework displays. One need not wait till the fourth. The fireflies are the wheat and millet field artillery. And July is one of their busy months. We children used cruelly to cram them into a bottle to enjoy their radiance. At twilight our firefly pursuit would begin. And soon our hands would be strong with the rank weedy smell of the silent little glow worms. Perhaps if they could have made some sound in protest we would not have handled them so ruth- lessly. As it was, they seemed like animated toys. When we looked at them in the morning—those that had not made their escape—we would find them like Pierrot’s candle in the old song, out. The glow of the under side would be cream colored, the plain little bug dull brown, the fun of the fields all over. Yet there were thousands left to sparkle on in the meadows and to lead the children on twilight trips for the little winged lanterns. The Cobweb BUSY spider spinning, Unwinding as you go, How is a cobweb fashioned ? I'd really love to know. Sometimes you spring forth swiftly, Or next with movements slow, You climb a strand one moment, Or maybe swing down low. Over the dewy grasses Just on a silver thread, Building your swinging bridges That only dreams might tread, Almost too light and airy For anything but dreams, Bubbles or aster petals, Dewdrops or small sunbeams. Sweet Peas HE sweet pea lanes are fresh and gay And pink and blue and green, The sweet peas grow row next to row And crickets walk between. I'm sure they never see the blue Or pink above their heads, The lavender and creamy streaks, The white and sunset reds. Were I a cricket in sweet peas I'd have a lot of fun. The blooms would be Lanterns for me All lighted by the sun. July, 1928 By EFFIE LEE NEWSOME This cat was left with little Juliett Jones at Atlanta by a teacher who pays the cat’s board. Juliett writes that the cat not only plays ball but follows her to school like Mary's lamb. Our Cat UR cat just lies out in the sun, And raises her forepaws. She stretches them out stiff and strong Till you can see her claws. She’s lying there against the fence, Sometimes she shuts her eyes, Sometimes she gticks her red tongue out And makes her whiskers rise. She looks so lazy lying there, It scarcely seems to me That she can be the same quick cat That scampers up the tree. Strange Turtle TURTLE with a tiny head And little streaks of Chinese red Came trotting gaily to the lawn One summer day at early dawn. I tapped him lightly with a stick, He drew his head and legs in quick. Strange turtle with your streaks of red And folding legs and folding head! Pigeon Necklaces ited Pigeon wears a nicklace green, Friend Tan-and-White wears rose. A fairer sight you’ve never seen Than when each necklace glows. It’s like the light on Peacock’s plume, Or gardens glazed with dew, Or like green pearl in rough shells’ gloom When tides sweep shells to you. Moonlight AIRIES are children of the moon. They are little folk with graceful bodies and gaudy wings like those of a butterfly. So you see they can walk or fly which ever they choose to do. Every month Mother Moon lets them come to the earth to frolic about be- cause there are so many nice play- grounds here. ‘The fairies, however, like best to play in the heart of a forest or beside a stream. I think that must be because of the music. For fairies like music, too. And the wind as it sighs through the pine trees sounds like a violin, while the ripple of water over stones is like the music of a harp. The fairies choose night time for their frolics, because they do not like to be disturbed at play. Then Mother Moon smiles her brightest smile to give them a light to dance by. And what a beautiful light! It’s almost as bright as day, but much softer and more beautiful. But Mother Moon knows that to be good fairies, her children must work as well as play. So after a holiday of a couple of weeks, she sends for them to come home. And home they come eager to get to work after such a jolly time. ‘They scrub, sew and bake. And Mother Moon pleased with her busy little workers smiles, but this time not so radiantly as to be reflected on the earth. For her children are near her and such radiance would only dazzle their eyes. Ora CALHOUN MooreHEap. Poems By Frances Ball (13 years old) SMILES Smiles are like the sunbeams Darting here and there A single happy smile it seems May make a dark day fair. THE SINGING CLASS As I was skipping o’er the meadow grass What should I spy but a singing class I heard them singing in the old oak tree And I heard the master chirp one-two- three. The birdies were singing so sweetly each song I stayed there and listened the afternoon long And then when the evening breezes had blown I happily flew away to my home. SUNRISE Rising o'er the purple mountain Shedding far its light Red and round like a fire ball Leaving far behind the night. Thus the day begins anew Heralded by the rising sun Far away a rooster crows, Another sign that day’s begun. 227 ry | — 4 a
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The Negro HE separate Negro schools of Oklahoma are supported from current taxation. That means, that if they have good buildings and mainten- ance, they have poor teaching, and if the teachers are well-paid, they have usually poor buildings and inadequate equipment. Throughout the state in general, the Rosenwald program has been of incal- culable assistance in school construc- tion. The following table illustrates the types of Negro schools in the county districts: TEACHERS One Two Three More Total 7 1 7 7 1 cock Canadian 2 Cherokee .......... 5 5 14 6 2 2 22 Cleveland .......... 1 1 2 Commanche ....... 4 4 7 7 1 1 32 2 2 Grady 5 Haskell 2 5 1 1 1 7 Kingfisher ......... a 1 1 1 12 Latimer 2 28 3 31 Logan (?)......... 11 4 15 ve et 2 3 Major ey 1 McClain 3 3 McCurtain ........ 13 6 1 20 McIntosh ......... ll 5 2 18 Muskogee ........ 15 6 3 - 28 Noble g 5 Nowata 4 Okfuskee ..........¢ 5 2 26 Oklahoma 3 1 13 Okmukgee 1 3 29 2 2 5 5 1 6 Pittsburgh ..... 10 10 Pontotoc .. 6 Pottawatomie .... 1 1 1 3 Pushmataha ....... 1 1 2 Rogers 2 Sequoyah .......... 3 i 2 6 Fillman La 2 Wagoner .19 5 1 1 26 Washington ....... 1 1 The one-room structures are usually inadequate and almost worthless. For instance, McIntosh County has only one excellent consolidated school. Of the other schools, seven are poor, five fair and seven good. Muskogee has nine poor buildings, seven fair, sixteen good and three excellent. In most cases, the buildings rated as “excellent” are Rosenwald buildings. Moreover, when a building is rated as good or fair it must be remembered that the County Superintendents make the rating and they are apt to be over-liberal. The hope for better rural school buildings in Oklahoma, as well as im- 228 Oklahoma Second Article Condensed from the Study By Horace M. Bond — proved teaching, lies in the consolidated district. And the Negro schools can be consolidated more easily than the white schools because the financing is already a county matter. The schools at Luther and Arcadia in Oklahoma County, and at Berwin, Carter Coun- ty, are fine examples of what consoli- dation can do. N the Independent districts, the gen- eral housing conditions are much better than in the counties. Tulsa has without doubt one of the finest school plants for Negro children to be found in the country. Oklahoma City stands next, but has an old high school build- ing, over thirty years in use. In Guth- rie, the Negro schools are either anti- quated structures out-grown by the whites or buildings erected so long ago as to be inadequate. Similar condi- tions are found in Muskogee, where most of the available funds go to cur- rent expenses with little or nothing left for building. Okmulgee has fair hous- ing, while Sapulpa and Sand Springs have excellent structures. Boley has just erected a building to relieve several disgraceful old shacks. The following table gives figures as to the enrollment, rooms and valuation of the school plant in the leading cities: ENROLLMENT High Valuation City Grades School Rooms Plant Oklahoma City. .2,095 243 63 $279,593 Tulsa Se 1,681 296 53 265,974 Muskogee _.. 1,722 365 47 192,765 Shawnee .. _ 167 39 5 Okmulgee .. 129 25 85,730 Sapulpa 57 14 Ardmore 497 xg 15 51,300 Guthrie . 4 169 26 93,500 McAlester 321 58 15 26 ,000 aaa 195 26 7 55,000 In many of the smaller towns, like Shawnee and El] Reno, all the twelve grades of the school system are in one building for the sake of economy. This, however, makes very poor teaching, as the teachers are assigned indiscrimin- ately to grammar school or high school work. In one school, the so-called “high school principal” had a class in High School Latin followed by a fourth grade class in Arithmetic. Such conditions are farcical and a waste of money. Even the large systems have something of this evil. Oklahoma:City has a Junior High School and Senior Common Schools In High School in a building inad for high school work. a Finances E have pointed out that in the Oklahoma Negro schools we have two distinct types of financial units. The first of these and the one in which most Negro children are ep. rolled, is the Separate School system where the taxing unit is the county, This type is used where the Negro population is scattered throughout the county without much localization. The second type of financial unit occurs where consolidation of Negro popula- tion makes them the Majority element. Here the funds for supporting the school are obtained from a tax on the property within the district, so that even with the help of the state, the tax- ation On a poor community renders the income insufficient. There is still a third unit called the Independent Dis- trict. In such districts the whites are in the majority but the City Superin- tendent administers the Independent Negro school chiefly from county funds. For instance, Oklahoma City, with a population of 145,000, is an Inde- pendent district. “The white schools are supported by a tax levied on the property within the corporate limits. The Negro schools in Oklahoma City are supported by a tax levied on the taxable property of Oklahoma City and out of this tax the country separate schools are also supported. Neverthe- less, both Negro and white schools in Oklahoma City are administered by the local Board of Education. The system is rather cumbersome and illogical and gives the rural schools a centralized educational system and the city Negro schools the benefit of specialized administration, but the Negro Independent Districts are apt to get a larger proportionate share of the county’s levy than the Negro chil- dren in the rural districts. The at- tendance and per capita expenditure is illustrated by the following figures: In Negro Independent Districts, 1925-26, there were 20,271 students on whom were spent $853,484, or a per capita of $42.10. In the rural schools, there were 22,179 students, on which were spent $467,166, or a per capita ex- penditure of $21.06. In the Negro schools in the Majority Districts, there were 5,873 students, on which were spent $134,793, or $22.95 per capita. The range of expenditures for the Inde- (Will you please turn to page 243) THe Crisis |
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THE N.A.A.C.P. BATTLE FRONT MARY EVANS WILSON HE following tribute to the late Mrs. Butler Wilson was adopted as the sentiments of the executive com- mittee of the Boston Branch of the N. A A. C. P.: The 28th of March, 1928, brought to us the shadows and the solemnity of a great loss and a great sorrow, when the spirit of Mary Evans Wilson passed from earth into the realm of the eternal. Large indeed was the place which she filled in the cause repre- sented by our National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, in our Boston Branch and in the hearts of all of us who knew her well. She gave her life to make Boston and America more true to their best tra- ditions; to make all Americans more worthy of their citizenship; to make neighbors more friendly; to bring jus- tice and opportunity, brotherhood and democracy in place of prejudice and proscription, hatred and wrong. She has gone from human sight, but her in- fluence is abiding and her spirit attends us, to challenge and cheer us, to inspire us to carry forward the unfinished work which she so splendidly advanced. The record of Mrs. Wilson’s life is the record of notable service as a teacher, a social worker and a leader in many good causes; it is the record of a devoted wife and mother, who was the comrade of a noble husband and father. ‘Together they lived a radiant life in that home which they made a center of friendship and cheer and of tireless human service. That home was like “The House by the Side of the Road”, where they lived close to hu- man lives and were the friends of men. Mr. and Mrs. Wilson worked to- gether constantly and most valiantly in the Boston Branch from the very beginning of this organization. Mrs. Wilson’s soul was stirred by the wrongs that are suffered by the colored people of our country and with flaming eloquence on many a platform she told the story of race prejudice, the story of disfranchisement and se- Mary Evans Wilson gregation, of injustice suffered and op- portunity denied, of haunting terrors and terrible lynchings. She told the story of a rising race and its remark- able achievements. She rallied support, recruited members and organized many branches for our National Association. She made friends for the colored neighbor whom the white neighbor fails to appreciate because he does not know him. No crusader ever pro- claimed the truth more earnestly or gave himself with more sacrificial de- votion. A flood of problems and a flood of opportunities came with the World War. The call to the colors brought into the service a host of Negro troops, who found themselves not only away from home and friends, but often not welcomed to social privileges which their white comrades enjoyed. Mrs. Wilson led the movement in Boston which gave hundreds of colored men enlisted for war service hospitality and wholesome entertainment in hut and homes and club rooms, also counsel and help in many personal problems. Mrs. Wilson and the other noble colored women who shared in leadership and in personal work with her, organized the Women’s Service Club, whose rooms and whose admirable service still continue at 464 Massachusetts Avenue. The handiwork of these women and the gifts they secured gave comfort and cheer to unnumbered colored men in training and in service in America and over-seas, Mrs. Wilson’s breakdown followed overwork and overstrain. Her life had been like crowding together the work and the thought, the heartbreaking sympathies and the nervous strain of a score of lifetimes. What a wonderful life it was! In grateful appreciation of that life we present this’ humble tribute to Mrs. Wilson’s memory, and with it we ex- tend our heartiest sympathy to Mr. Wilson and the sons and daughters in their sorrow. With them we mourn her loss. With them we repoice also in the life, the ideals and the service that she gave so richly and so abund- antly and we would rededicate our- selves to the cause for which she gave the last full measure of devotion. NEWSPAPER ETHICS HE news that travels round the world over a network of wires, through the air and by mail, to be printed on sheets of paper and dis- tributed as newspapers, is not far re- moved from gossip. Some of it, much of it is inaccurate. But it represents an effort to find and quickly what is happening in the world. The news is gathered somewhere by some one per- son. And that person’s report would differ from the report of some other person. So, although news is printed in a newspaper as if it were “the” news, it is really someone’s report of something he saw or heard. Now newsgathering and distribut- ing is an expensive process. It is so expensive that the greatest newspapers in the United States, although they (Will you please turn to page 246) Emma White Elbert Liddell July, 1928 Louise Blackwell Barbara Banks More Members of the Pickens Baby Fraternity, No. 1 Harry Milan Cecelia Dow 229 » *. ¥ « be
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BROWSING READER Leslie Pinckney Hill Toussaint L’Ouv- erture. The Christopher Publish- ing House, Boston. $1.50. ‘Tabs is the longest serious poem ot sustained and fine literary quality that the American Negro has produced. As Mr. Hill says in his Foreword: “Haiti has come to be a sort of chal- lenge to the democratic sentiments and pretentions of our time.”” And he goes on to add: “This story is to help fill a long-continuing void. The Negro youth of the world has been taught that the black race has no great tradi- tions, no characters of world impor- tance, no record of substantial contri- bution to civilization. The withering moral and social effects of this teach- ing can hardly be computed. The cre- ative literature now building up with such bright promise in Negro America must correct and counter-balance this falsehood of centuries. A worthy lit- erature reared upon authentic records of achievement is the present spiritual need of the race.” The result justifies Mr. Hill’s effort. He has set forth a great drama with restraint and beauty. It is not a story that will attract the reader looking for thrills and excite- ment, but those who know something of the charm of which English is cap- able and who want to read of the de- veloping character of a great black man, should study this poem. We quote one passage, a soliloquy: To be a leader! What is that to be? To stand between a people and their foes And earn suspicion for a recompense ; To care for men more than they care themselves ; To keep a clear discriminating mind Between the better counsel and the best: To be a judge of men, that none may rank In estimation higher than his worth, Nor fail of scope to prove his quality: To search the motive that explains the act Before it is accounted good or bad; To trust a man, and yet not be dismayed To find him faithless, going on again To trust another; to build failure up Into the tedious structure of success: To meet the subtle enemy within As well as him witnout, and vanquish both ; To see the cause betrayed by those who - pledge The strictest loyalty; to overmatch The envious with magnanimity ; * To walk through trouble with a heart that drips The blood of agony, yet with a face Of confidence and bright encouragement ; 230 Best Sellers in Tue Crisis Book Shop. May, June, 1928. Dett: Religious Folksongs of the Negro. Jessye: My Spirituals. Du Bois: Gift of Black Folk. White: Fire in the Flint. Johnson: American Negro Poetry. Du Bois: Dark Princess. Cullen: Copper Sun. To do and do and die to raise a tribe So robbed and bound and ignorantly weak God himself destiny— To be a leader! conceals their That God, that is the cost! John W. Vandercook. Black Majesty. The Life of Christophe, King of Haiti. Harper and Brothers. IS is a gorgeous book,—gorgeous in its physical finish and much more so in its splendid message. It is the absorbing story of one of the great men which that mighty little island of black folk gave to the world. The story is done with a deft and yet a free hand. Vandercook has painted a man, a strong unbridled black giant ; a slave, a warrior and a King. He has written with truth and yet with sympathy. Note his explanations of that “Count of Limonade” and “Duke of Marmelade”, which always caused gales of laughter among feckless fools. The whole story is better than a novel: the splendid court of the King; the marvelous citadel, the economic mir- acles, and the terrible death. All readers of THe Crisis should buy and read “Black Majesty”: “The Admiral, a tall, distinguished Englishman, wore his full-dress uni- form, but he found himself eclipsed by the splendor of Henry and his cour- tiers. Painfully he realized that the afternoon was hot and his broadcloth more appropriate to the bleak cham- bers of Windsor than to the verdant terraces of Sans Souci. Had he not been a gentleman, Sir Home would have been very uncomfortable indeed. “Christophe stepped forward, shook hands, and greeted him with courtly propriety. Sir Home had turned the matter over and over in his mind with- out reaching a decision, but the phrase he had debated came naturally to his lips. ‘I am honored, Your Majesty,’ he said, and bowed.”’ Arthur Garfield Hayes. Let Freedom Ring. Boni and Liveright. $2.50. W HENEVER Negroes get ty thinking that they are the onh people in America who are having diff. culties, they should read Mr. Hayes’ account of the extraordinary way jn which freedom, even in its ordinan limited sense, has been withdrawn from white Americans since the World War. The right of education has been curtailed, freedom of speech and assemblage has been made a. mocker in many localities, freedom of the press has been distorted into propaganda freedom of the stage is scarcely emerg- ing trom chains of silly propriety, and treedom of opinion is evidenced by the Sacco-Vanzetti case. With all these freedoms gone from white folk, the Negro can afford to smile even over so outrageous a case as that of Dr. Sweet. Mr. Hayes, who was one of his counsel, devotes 38 pages to that cause celebre. The book is written with humor and sarcasm and hits straight from the shoulder: “There will be those who will inter- pret my statements to mean that I re- gard absolute freedom as feasible. Far trom it. I know that liberty to swing my arm stops where the other fellow’s nose begins. Liberty is a relative mat- ter. I believe in those liberties con- tained in the Bills of Rights. I am willing to concede that these are sub- ject to interpretation, but I object to nullification.” Louis I. Dublin. Health and Wealth. Harper and Brothers. R. DUBLIN is Statistician of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company. His book is “a survey of the economics of world health’. Chap- ter 12 is on “Life, Death, and the Negro”. Dr. Dublin’s whole attitude is in satisfying contrast to the distor- tion and malevolence of F. L. Hoft- mann, the Negro-hating Statistician of the Prudential Life Insurance Com- pany. Dr. Dublin says of the black American: “The pessimism which prevailed thirty and more years ago with regard to his future is now no longer even remotely justified. The doleful prophe- cies of those who saw the race problem solved through his extinction have been absolutely discredited by recent events. A race which lives in many areas under what are still rather primi- Tue Crisis | é |
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tive conditions of sanitation is today expectation of life of about joying an tion forty <ix years, which is equal to that of white Americans only thirty years 9. In comparison with a death rate of 35 to 40 per 1,000 in Reconstruc- tion days ,the Negro mortality is now only about 17 per 1,000—a death rate about the same as the rate for a num- ber of European countries before the World War. . . . Probably no single American group is experiencing so deep and so intelligent a revival of latent power as is the Negro today. __. His achievements in America will be ultimately recognized not only as the greatest experiment in_ racial adjustments ever undertaken by man, but as the most encouraging and grat- ifying episode in our national life.” Frank H. Hankins. The Racial Basis of Civilization. Knopf. HIS book is a most amazing con- tradiction. Starting out with a devastating and long attack upon the doctrine of Nordic superiority, with trenchent criticism of the whole doc- trine of race, Professor Hankins suc- ceeds in the course of 384 pages, in turning himself completely around and accepting, if we understand his Eng- lish, nearly every petty dogma of race prejudice, even to the matter of Bean’s ridiculous brain measurements and the whole gamut of “intelligence” tests. The book is exceedingly difficult to understand because of endless and aca- demic reference to authorities and be- cause no sooner has Mr. Hankins made one statement than he proceeds so to contradict and modify it by others that his final conclusion is always left a bit in the air. It looks as though the author had started out with two con- tradictory prepossessions: one, a me- grim against Nordics and the other, a superiority complex against Negroes. It is a little difficult to reconcile two such points of view, but the author has apparently done it to his own satis- faction. Africa is the journal of the “Inter- national Institute of African Lan- guages and Cultures” recently estab- lished in London. Volume One, Number One, issued by the Oxford University Press in January has just reached us. We are naturally as dis- appointed in the Journal as in the In- stitute. The Journal has a few excel- lent articles: “African Negro Music” by E. M. von Hornbostel and an ar- ticle on the Mandingan Theatre in the French Sudan. There are notes on ks and an exposition of the plan of the Institute. Chiefly, however, the thing to be criticized is that (with one possible exception) not a single man of Negro descent has anything to do apparently July, 1928 with the Institute or with the Journal. The whole movement is headed by Lord Lugard, who himself has prob- ably murdered more Africans than any living Englishman, which is saying a great deal. Who is F. D. Lugard? He is the man who stole Uganda for the British Empire and we cite but one incident in his blood-stained career as quoted in Leonard Woolf’s “Empire and Com- merce in Africa”. “At the head of a considerable military force, Captain Lugard, of the British East Africa Company, (Ibea), penetrat- ed as far as Mengo, the residence of King Mwanga, and forced upon him a treaty of protectorate: then turning against the Catholics, he attacked them on some futile pretext, and drove them into a big island on Lake Victoria. There around the King and the French missionaries there had gathered for refuge a con- siderable multitude of men, women, and children. Against this harmless and de- fenceless population Captain Lugard turned his guns and Maxims. He ex- terminated a large number and then, continuing his work of destruction, he gave full rein to his troops and adher- ents, who burnt all the villages and sta- tions of the White Fathers, their churches, and their crops.” It is this man, raised to an English peerage and honored by the League of Nations, who heads this movement to uplift Africa! ‘The other persons rep- resented in the governing council are Frenchman, Belgians, Germans and Englishmen. Everybody and any- body except men of black blood or na- tive Africans. Possibly Moussa Traveélé, who collaborates in one of the contributed articles, is of Negro blood. If so, he is the only one represented there. It is the old idea of white folk taking charge of “the civilization of Africa’, commenting on the black man as though he were a strange animal, writing his text books for him lest he get hold of too strong and heady Euro- pean culture and thus raising him high enough to support Europeans in idle luxury with leisure for philanthropy and science. Such a movement was perhaps understandable in the 19th Century; in the 20th it is a miserable anachronism and so good a scientist as Diedrich Westerman ought to be ashamed of it. Boni and Liveright are bringing out a new edition of Jessie Fauset’s “There Is Confusion” which has been out of print for sometime. Orders will be received at THe Crisis Book Shop. Dantes Bellegarde, the Haitian Statesman, sends us the first volume of a series, Pour Une Haiti Heureuse. This volume is on education. It is a history of education in Haiti and a plea for future development. C. C. Boone sends us Congo As I Saw It. Mr. Boone represented the Lott Carey Mis- sionary Convention in the Congo from 1901-06. W. L. Turner has written an outline of the history of Liberia, Under the Skin in Africa. Texts and Talks by the late Reverened John G. Yeister have been compiled and edited by his daughter. The Vanguard Press sends us Don’t Tread on Me by Clement Wood, McAlister Coleman and Arthur Garfield Hayes. It is a plea for an aggressive stand on the part of the labor movement. There are four books on Soviet Russia, treating the status of women, the new schools, health, work and trade unions. They make available much interesting mat- ter concerning new Russia. The Remedy for Over-Production and Un- employment by Hugo Bilgrim, is an important contribution to the economic study of interest, but exceedingly difh- cult to read. W. E. B. D. IN THE MAGAZINES ORD OLIVIER in the Nation for May 30, tells how the Euro- pean Powers juggle the word “trus- teeship” to suit themselves in admin- istering the “Government of Natives in Africa’. Powers among the vic- torious allies, under the Covenant of the League of Nations, were appointed as mandatories to the “backward peo- ples” in the former German colonies. Instruments were drawn up, vaguely defining the duties of the Trustee Power. The idea, Lord Olivier says, was a good one, and if it had been sincerely applied could have been wholesome; but since the duties of the trustees were not expressly defined, the individual powers dissipated them as they willed—their own selfish greed uppermost in their minds. The April mid-month Survey car- ries an article by Charles S. Johnson on “Negro Workers and the Unions’’. The American Fund for Public Ser- vice, through a grant to the National Urban League, is sponsoring a study of the Negro in trades unions. The eleven inter-national unions which ex- clude Negroes by constitutional pro- vision have a total membership of 436,- 200, and control a field in which at least 43,858 Negroes are employed. Negro membership in other unions varies directly with locality and type of work. It is estimated that there are only 65,492 Negroes enrolled as members of the various unions; but this is understandable when the fact is taken into consideration that the skilled trades are the most thoroughly organized and three fourths of the Negro workers are unskilled. It is en- couraging and important, says Mr. (Will you please turn to page 247) 231 2 & i al
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THE POET’S CORNER Gospel for Those Who Must By ALLISON DAVIS The Leader NE lone bird, Small and brown, Singing in the morning One clear note, Singing to the high church-steeple With its needle spire Pointing to the infinite heaven, Merging with the far blue sky, In the fresh vigor ot the morning His one clear call, Harsh, unvarying, but Beautiful. Oh, all sweeter, fuller singers, All loud and busy noises of the mid-day Drown his voice; But in the quiet cool of dusk, By the spire pointing to the far blue vault, 1 hear him singing still, Lonely With his one unfaltering call, Beautiful With his one clear note Following the spire. Fighters HESE of the coal-black faces Confide low-voiced,— Fisherman, washerwoman, Quietly shutting themselves off From the pool-room loafers. Unbroken By the salt spume of the sea, Tight-lipped against the whispering fears of age, He holds her laughing, In his keen eyes the gleam of one who knows He must endure all shifting winds, and hate Of deep-embittered sons of slaving race, Must outreach The hunger of insatiate women, And broken nets at sea. Her brave face Softens with a smile, And light of youth’s long hopes and passion, Sunk away;— But she has seasoned in her proper time And grown to mellow laughter, Strong Like some far runner turning with new vigor Home. 232 Now she is firm against The tearings of untimely births, And sweating steam of clothes; Firm now, at last, against The pleading smiles Of brutal melancholy, Rich-voiced men. To All Negroes Everywhere KNOW lone dwellers on a barren farm, Who daily drink from acrid waters, rank With yellow scum and sickening taste,— Minerals from the dark, deep-hidden earth. This bitterness they change for health and power, And stomachs sweetened to their vulgar food, And now no longer wish A long draught from the cold, sweet well. Quest By LEWIS ALEXANDER IKE roses ramble on the ground And up the trellised porch, I have sought you all around Bearing brave the torch. Now the lengthy search has burned Out the flaming light. I with broken heart return Searching thru the night. I Am Africa By WALTER EVERETTE HAWKINS AM Africa: Black as the wealth of my coal mines, Black as the murk of my midnight; I built Timbuctoo and Karnak,— The temples of Isis and Osiris, The Alphabet I gave and As- tronomy. AM Africa: I am the Sphinx and the Pyramids, The rub and riddle of the universe, Detying time and the elements. Upon the bosom of my prairies I shelter the caravan of nations,— I lull them to sleep in my mid- night,— I bury them in my Saharas. From the pinnacle of my pyramids I laughed at the legions of Caesar. Out of the night of my midnight Arose the hut of the Zulu, The wigwam and kraal of the Bushmen, The dynasties of Rameses and the Pharaohs, The palaces and temples of the Ptolemies. My daughters were queens in olf Sheba, My sons were the kings of old Egypt; On the banks of the Nile I have reared them, In immortal art | embalmed them, AM Africa: Black as the night of my coal mines, Black as the deep of my midnight, Prometheus on the rock of advers- ity, The nations | feed on my vitals, I give food to the tables of mon- archs, My coal warms princes, My diamonds deck the bosoms of queens,— The queens in the palaces of Len- don, The salons of Brussels and of Paris, The salons of Berlin and New York. AM Africa: On the fertile banks of the Congo My sorrow in song I have lifted; In the cane brakes and cornfields of Texas My sorrow songs still I am singing. I sleep ‘neath the stars in the jungle, I am brother to the beasts and the leopard, The lion’s strength moves in my sinews, In my bones is the iron of my Africa. I worship the life-giving sunlight, Oblations | give to the moon, My gods are of stone and of iron— No greater than these have I found. I build temples which I may not enter, I garner the harvest but eat not; I gather the cotton in the South- land,— Give grist to the mills in the North- land,— Give gristle and grist to America. AM Africa: I laid down my life at Fort Pillow, My blood’s on the Common of Bos- ton; I died on the flag at Fort Wagner, My bones lie bleaching in Flanders. They lynch me and burn me m Georgia, My body is fuel in Texas, They jim-crow me even in Wash the palaces of ington, They mock me even from the White House. Black as the wealth of my coal mines, Black as high noon of my mié- night,— I am the nimbus of nations, I am Africa. Tue Crisis | |
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ALONG THE COLOR LINE MUSIC AND ART @ The Greater Bethel Choristers, ac- companied by the Little Symphony Orchestra which is conducted by ames A. Munday, gave recently in Chicago a performance of the “Mes- siah”. The soloists were Mrs. Odell Stone, the Reverend George I. Hold, Mrs. Inez Edmondson, and Lewis W. White. @ Miss Mabel Jones and her pupils were presented early in June in a classic dance recital, at the Armstrong Auditorium, Washington, D. C. @ “Over the Top in No Man’s Land”, a war spectacle, has been pre- sented in Nashville. The night scenes of the Marne, the breast works and entanglements, the handling of ma- chine guns and artillery, were re- produced with fireworks. @ Mrs. Nadyne Roberts Waters sang recently at Symphony Hall, Bos- ton. Mrs. Waters has studied at the new England Conservatory and with Vincent Hubbard, teacher of Roland Hayes. @ An “Anthology of Revolutionary L. I. Dublin, page 230 Poetry’, compiled and edited by Mar- cus Graham, is scheduled for early publication. Countée Cullen is a member of the publication committee. EDUCATION @ Stanley A. Harris; director of in- terracial activities of the Boy Scouts of America, is giving a course in Scout leadership at the teachers’ summer school at Hampton Institute this year. @ The New Junior High School for Colored Children at Nashville, de- signed by McKissack & McKissack, will be ready for occupancy in Sep- tember. @ The Atlanta School of Social Work, Atlanta, Ga., conferred diplomas on fourteen graduates at its commencement exercises held late in May. The commencement address was delivered by Mr. Edward M. Kahn, director of the Jewish Educa- tional Alliance of Atlanta. @ The American University of Beirut, located in Syria, has seven students from Abyssinia, who are be- ing trained as teachers in government schools; and five government students from the Sudan. @ Six Negro Students were grad- uated from the American Baptist Theological Seminary, Nashville, Tenn., at its recent commencement. @ In April an emergency committee of representative students from all over the United States assembled in July, 1928 The Dallas, Texas, Y. M. C. A. Campaign Committee, page 236 ou a Be | | | q ae q 233 =
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Washington, D. C., for the purpose of protesting the foreign policy of America in its relation with Nicaragua. Richard H. Hill, a Negro student of Lincoln University, was present. During Monday morning of the 16th many members of congress were inter- viewed on the subject of Nicaragua and at noon arrangements were made for the committee to have lunch at the Cafeteria of the Methodist Building, a very imposing edifice just opposite the Capital and the headquarters of the Department of Temperance, Pro- hibition and Public Morals of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The students proceeded to the Methodist Building, with the exception of Hill and several others who were delayed through extended interviews. When the delayed group left the senate corri- dor to join their associates, the others were met returning. Upon inquiry it was revealed that lunch was being pre- pared at the Congressional Cafe in- stead, insomuch as those in charge of the Methodist Building Cafeteria pointedly refused to serve a Negro. Temperance, Prohibition and Public Morals! @ Formal exercises in connection with the unveiling of the bronze bust of John E. Milholland were held in the Chapel of Howard University, Wash- ington, D. C., May 20. @ John D. Rockefeller, Jr., delivered the commencement address at the re- cent Fisk graduation exercises. @ The special students of the Cloth- ing Division of the Department of James A. Butler, page 235 Home Economics of Langston Uni- versity, Obkla., presented a_ fashion show recently, under the direction of Mrs. E. M. Wills. ‘The costumes used in the show were designed and made by the students. @ Eighty-nine students of the Uni- versity of Michigan have been elected to the Phi Beta Kappa for 1928: 12 Juniors, 69 Seniors, and 8 members of former classes., Among the Juniors was a colored man, William J. Sink- ford, and among the Seniors, a colored girl, Miss Carol G. Carson, and a colored man, Loren B. Miller. @ Hampton Institute has announced that graduate courses leading to the M. A. degree, will be given in the Summer School session. @ Summer courses leading to the B A. degree will be given at Straight College, New Orleans, La., this yegg @ In the recent report of the Johp F, Slater Fund, it is interestigg note the increase from 1922 .o 1927 j, 9 Negro colleges that teport a student body of 100 or more: 1922 1937 Virginia Union 123 399 New Orleans ..... 29 312 Morehouse ....... 134 29] 1077 2930 @ According to a recent bulletin of the Near East College Association, the first volume of a series of books for young people translated into Turkish, is Booker ‘T. Washington’s “Up From Slavery”. @ Alcorn College, the Negro State College of Mississippi, is to receive $425,000 this year. Three hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars of this sum has been appropriated by the Mississippi legislature and the Gen- eral Education Board has given $100, 000. PERSONAL @ Leon L. Whitaker of Los Angeles, Calif., received the J. D. degree from University of California at the recent re The Howard University Engineering Society: Professors and Students of Architecture and Engineering Tue Crisis 5 ‘ ¥ win “th . —
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commencement. Mr. Whitaker re- ceived the B. A. degree from the Uni- versity in 1926; the faculty and stu- dent editors of the California Law Review unanimously elected him to the Editorial Staff of the Review in May, 1927: and he was appointed to the Board of Governors of the Boalt Hall Law Association in September, 1927. @ Ben L. Taylor, professor in the Department of Physics of Shaw Uni- versity, has been awarded a prize of $100 in a contest conducted under the auspices of the Forum magazine for the best solution of a series of special problems in logic. His paper will be published in the September issue of the Forum. @ The first colored probation officer in the history of Atlanta has recently been appointed to work under Judge Garland Watkins of the Juvenile Court of that city. Mrs. Mamie R. Hamilton, the recipient of the appoint- ment, is a member of this year’s grad- wating class of the Atlanta School of Social Work and a graduate of Atlanta University. @ Among the three persons noted for their contributions to civic progress in Springfield, Mass., was Dr. William N. DeBerry, colored pastor of St. John’s Congregational Church of that city for 29 years. Dr. DeBerry was honored by the award of the Pynchon medal for his service to the Negro population of Springfield. @ L. Emmett Drewry, for two and one-half years principal of the high school at Talladega College, died re- cently in the Veterans’ Hospital, Tusk- egee, Ala., at the age of 35 years. Mr. Utewry received his early education in the grade schools and high schools of Baltimore, Md., and took his col- lege work at Oberlin. @ Countée Cullen and James Weldon Johnson have lectured during the spring term at Talledega College. July, 1928 Philander Smith College Girls’ Basket Ball Team. Ark. State Champions 1924-28 @ Miss Madeline B. Goode, colored high school senior of Boston, Mass., recently received a scholarship from the Boston chapter of the Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, which will enable her to enter Boston University in Septem- ber. @ “Bursting Bonds” by William Pickens, has recently been translated into Russian. @ William Gilbert, prominent Negro citizen of Nashville, Tenn., died re- cently at the age of 40 years. Mr. Gilbert, who graduated in 1912 from Howard University with the B. A. degree, taught at State University, Louisville, Ky.; at Southern University and A. & M. College, Baton Rouge, La.; and at Western College, Macon, Mo. Shortly after the death of Mr. Gilbert, his mother, Mrs. Agnes M. Gilbert, a worker in church and club circles, died from the shock caused by her son’s passing. @ Professor George Carver, well- known Negro agricultural chemist of Tuskegee Institute, Fellow of the Royal Society of London, and Spingarn Medallist for 1923, recently completed a tour among the colleges of Virginia and ‘Tennessee under the auspices of the Interracial Commission and the Student Department of the Y. M. C. @ Forrester B. Washington, Director of the Atlanta School of Social Work, was appointed by Governor Hardaman as one of the representatives of the State of Georgia to the National Con- ference of Social Work which met at Memphis, Tenn., May 2-9. @ Edward Gardner, colored, of Seattle, Wash., finished eighth in the recent Bunion Marathon and won $1000. Gardner traveled from Los Angeles to New York in 658 hours and 56 minutes, about 100 hours slower than the winner. @ Dr. Ernest R. Alexander, of New York City, has just completed a course of lectures on diseases of the skin before the nurses of the training school of Harlem Hospital, New York City. @ Dr. James Alpheus Butler, Assist- ant City Physician of Tampa, Florida, and popular leader is dead. The City Hall flag was flown at half mast on the day of his fungral. Dr. Butler was a graduate of Howard and spent a large part of his life in Tampa. He leaves a widow and three children. @ Sam R. Greenlee is dead at Marion, North Carolina. He was a bricklayer and plasterer and had five children, two of whom served in the World War. He was Chairman of the local colored school board, and highly re- garded. ex 3 * John Haynes Holmes on the Tohn Brown Rock, Lake Placid, N. Y. Speaking at the Sirth Annual Pilgrimage of the John Brown Memorial Association 235 | — 4 * A. | | bay * ‘ 4 > > 5 aq
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This was the 14th building campaign conducted by Mr. DeFrantz during the nearly five years in which he has been the campaign director and jp which time colored people have syb. scribed to building campaigns a total of $481,000. Julius Rosenwald make his usual gift of $25,000 to this build. ing. LIBERIA @ Bishop Robert E. Campbell of Liberia is returning to the United States for a furlough. He thinks that the prospects are good for Liberia and reports that the Episcopalians have sixty-two schools. @ President King of Liberia was ip. augurated for the third term of office January 2, at Monrovia. Two full Champion Row: A. & M. College, Orangeburg, S. C., Champions, Middle ., Second Place. Top Row: V. N. 1. 1., Petersburg, Va., Third lege, Greensboro, N. Crop and Live Stock Judging Pupils Among Southern Colleges. Bottom Row: A, & T. Col- Place | SOCIAL PROGRESS @ For many years William Pickens, Field Secretary of the N. A. A. C. P., has been conducting Baby Contests in various parts of the United States. By this method, the friends of various children solicit donations for the N. A. A. C. P. on behalf of their favorites. In the recent contest at Los Angeles, the results were so extraordinary that The Pickens’ Baby Fraternity was founded and the first chapter estab- lished. In this Fraternity, the officers are chosen according to the amounts of money which each raise and all Fra- ternity members must have raised at least $50. In this case, the President raised $1030; the Vice-President, $681; the Secretary, $587; the Treas- urer, $503; the Sergeant-at-Arms, $294: and the two Honor Members, $245 and $215. One of these Honor Members, Barry Hudson, had been leader in two previous contests. The other Fraternity members raised at least $50 each. The total amount raised in Los Angeles was $5,645. In Pasadena $2,389 was raised. In all, during the last ten years, Mr. Pickens has raised $63,500 for the N. A. A. C. P. by these contests. @ Colored men in Dallas, Texas, par- ticipated in the recent Y. M. C. A. building campaign from which the col- lored people are to have a building to cost approximately $200,000. The amount set as a goal for colored citi- zens to raise was $50,000.00. Subscrip- tions were made to the amount of $77,000.00, more than $16,000.00 of which was paid in cash during the campaign. There were eight men who subscribed $1,000 or more; one sub- scribing an@ paying in cash, $7,500.00; and one subscribing $5,000. The $7,- 500.00 man was Dr. J. W. Anderson, 236 a practicing physician; and the $5,000 subscriber was W. S. Willis, Grand Chancellor of the Knights of Pythias of the state and a resident of Dallas. The campaign chairman was J. J. Rhoads, principal of the Booker T. Washington High School of the city. The campaign was directed by R. B. DeFrantz of the National Council with headquarters in New York City. days were proclaimed by the Govern. ment as holidays, when all the offices, stores and schools were closed and Monrovia was decorated, with illum. inations at night. The United States Minister, the British Charge D’Aft. faires, and the French, Belgian and Italian Consuls-General were present, There were a large number of native chiefs and a military display. The President and Mrs. King went to the hall by motor car. In his speech the President emphasized education, sani- tation, and new roads. David Meyers, Champion Javelin Thrower, Middle Atlantic States College Meet Tue Crisis re | * 4 of! > v4 “ee © a Wier “4 |
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S. R. Greenlee, page 235 EAST AFRICA q M. M. Hararwala has been made a member of the Order of the British Empire at Addis Ababa, Abyssinia. He is a Mohammedan, representing the Indian and Arab communities, and is being especially favored by English merchants. @ The Princess Yashimabet, youngest daughter of Ras Taftari, Regent of Abyssinia, is being educated in Chester, England, under private tutors. She is delicate in health and is receiving espe- cially medical attention. @ There are five million Africans in Tanganyika, formerly German East Africa. Most of the German methods of governing are still in vogue. There are no pass laws and the courts follow native law. The natives form the police force. The revenue is about three million dollars a year, of which over five hundred thousand dollars is turned back to the native treasuries un- der the chiefs. Four hundred thous- and dollars was spent on education in 1926-27. There is no bar to natives being members of the legislative coun- cil, but none are sufficiently educated. @ Continued effort is being made to renew the contract for native labor out of Portuguese Africa for the South African mines. It is shown that from two-thirds to three-fourths of the wages of the natives are withheld, that na- tives are held to forced labor for the time of their contract which is a year or more; they are “advanced” supplies on the usual exorbitant terms. WEST AFRICA @ At the Canadian National Exposi- tion, which will be held at Toronto August 24 to September 8, the British West African colonies will hold a jot exhibit of agricultural products, timber, mineral products, and native industries. Films, maps and_photo- graphs of West African life will be ex- hibited ; and also a collection of Cap- tain Spencer Pryse’s paintings of the Gold Coast and Nigeria. @ Angola, the largest of Portuguese July, 1928 colonies, comprises 1,256,999 square kilometers, being fourteen times the size of Portugal. It has, as a Lisbon writer says: Five million “good hard- working natives’ who are under the absolute control of the Portugal Civil Administration. This looks danger- ously near like state slavery. @ A new industrial school has been opened at Bornu in Nigeria occupying 12% acres. It has accommodations for over 100 boys. q@ W. R. Harding, formerly the col- ored head of the Lagos Constabulary, has willed $15,000 to Fourah Bay College. @ In Sierra Leone a recent report shows that 20 boys and 90 girls had been given scholarships in 1926. There were 6 Secondary schools for boys and 6 for girls. The net cost of the Gov- ernment Secondary schools was about $60,000. Comparatively little school building had been done. @ According to a Census taken De- cember 31, 1926, there were 7,955,450 inhabitants in the Belgian Congo. With omissions, this may mean as many as 10 million today. To these should be added 2% millions in Urandi and 2 million in Ruanda, mak- ing between fourteen and fifteen mil- lion natives. There are 18,525 whites, of whom 11,898 are Belgians. @ The life of King Peters of Sierra Leone, by Captain F. W. Butt- Thompson, has been published in Lon- don. King Peters was instrumental in breaking up the slave trade. He was captured and taken to America, and during the Revolutionary War fought for the British as Sergeant Major. He finally returned to Africa in 1792 and died free and honored. SOUTH AFRICA @ Between 1887 and 1925 the min- ing area of the Transvaal produced over four million dollars worth of products. For this Portuguese Moz- ambique furnished the bulk of the la- bor. In June, 1927, there were 111,- 116 natives from Mozambique in the Transvaal mines. q The A. P. O. Conference pro- tested bitterly against the government white labor policy. They asked for a civilized wage for all colored people, government employees and also oppor- tunity for high grade positions. @ The Bishop of Pretoria is remind- ing South Africa that its society there has been built on the basis of a mini- mum wage for Negroes. ‘The result has been bad for the whites and there is a great amount of poverty among the blacks. @ A special correspondent to a Berlin Lokal Anzeiger reports that former German Southwest Africa, which was economically self-supporting before the War, has now a deficit of $750,000, and that this has been made for the purpose of supplying jobs for English- men. A number of the public utility works which the Germans had planned have not been carried out. Large grants of land are being given to Eng- lishmen who are not farmers and they are also being advanced credit. @ General Smuts has been making a strong bid for the colored vote of Cape Town. Recently he addressed a Con- ference of the African Peoples Organi- zation and advocated equal rights for all civilized men. “The people must feel satisfied that whether they are high or low, black or white, rich or poor, there is equal justice for every man. ... You have been a most law- abiding people. ... When the great war took place you once more did your duty and large numbers of your boys went with me. They fought just as bravely and did their duty just as magnificently as the whites.” @ The Annual Congress of the I. C. U. was held at Bloenfontein. The delegates were welcomed by a former Mayor who stressed the gifts of white people to the Negroes. In replying, J. G. Gumede said “that the black man had played his part well, but that the white man had failed deplorably.” Chief Tanala of the Transkei said that his people would not resort to force but would appeal to the League of Nations. “No white men can fight against destiny and the pre-destination of the All-Mighty.” Nana Sir Ofori Atta, Third British Knight of African Descent 237 y q 2) | | q ne £8 ‘ eS 7 a 3 4 ae 4 B At .
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THE FAR HORIZON THE “RETARDED” CHILD. ETARDATION in colored school children has for years been con- sidered a mark of their “inferiority” and has been a resting place for all persons wishing to measure “‘intelli- gence”. Now comes Marjorie A. Kemp of the Chicago schools with an exposition and remedy for retardation which is of interest to us. First, be- cause the retarded children are practi- cally all Nordic whites; and secondly, because (quite incidentally) Miss Kemp happens to be a teacher of Negro descent who has made one of the most valuable suggestions to public element- ary education in Chicago that has been offered in many years. In a series of articles published in the Chicago Daily News Miss Kemp states these facts: A 15-year-old boy may grade in the first year, but regardless of the fact that he doesn’t know square root his natural development of mental faculties and his physical growth disqualify him from matching colored pegs or playing “Rock- a-by-Baby” with children of the first grade and liking it. Of the 970 pupils of elementary grade in the Garfield school, 1426 Newberry avenue, 674 are graded as retarded from one to six years; fifty-four retarded six and a half years, four accelerated—that is, younger than age of grade; forty- eight subnormal and 190 normal age of grade. The Garfield school is in a neighborhood where 84 per cent of the children are delinquent, according to the survey and investigation made under the direction of the department of sociology of the University of Chicago... . Retardation does not mean mental weakness on the part of the student who has fallen behind the normal age of his grade. Its causes are multiple and range from economic, as perhaps the greatest to parental indifference, illness in early years, birth where there were no school advantages and other environment and social causes. She cites a series of facts concerning parents, children and crime which ade- quately and thoroughly explain re- tardation and she suggests a simple expedient of keeping school houses open from three to six with supervised work, instead of driving the children out upon the street. The News com- ments editorially: Specialists in the field of research in juvenile behavior, sociologists, criminolo- gists and educators should give careful attention to the subject of retardation in the education of boys and girls. The relation of that injurious condition to 238 the problem of juvenile delinquency and crime is startlingly direct. The series of articles on this subject lately contributed to the Daily News by a teacher in Chi- cago’s elementary schools contained data which no educator or student of the evolution of criminals can afford to over- Those responsible for the administra- tion of the public-chool system of Chi- cago would do a worthy service to the community and a great kindness to city children if they would apply themselves to the solution of the problems related to retardation in educational training. No large sum of money would be re- quired to conduct an investigation for the purpose of obtaining data sufficient to prove or disprove the contention which was set forth in the series of articles by the earnest teacher who has presented in The Daily News the results of her ob- servations. PREJUDICE IN PANAMA E have received a letter, which the writer hesitated to send, be- cause “it does us few colored Ameri- cans no good to report anything these Crackers do, unless we are ready to take ship. But I just want you to get an idea of certain conditions here. In fact, no one, white or black, stays here if he talks too much. So if you men- tion any of this, please leave the name out of it.” ... Of course it is a foregone conclusion in the Canal Zone, that where the U. S. sentiment and law prevail, we expect, wherever the American white man has the least bit of authority, to be faced and embarrassed by this question, and now that it has become so pronounced in a Latin country, a Negro must expect to meet it and prepare to fight it wherever he goes. In the Young Women’s Christian As- sociation, which should be termed in large letters as the Young Women’s Segregation Association, it is an estab- lished fact that whites and blacks must be kept as far apart as possible. Mrs. ———— for several years has been a supposed member of some kind of a Board and in charge of the colored work, which work has been a credit to the organization, but never once has she been invited, asked, or allowed to attend a meeting of said Board, where im- portant matters are discussed and views are given in connection with the carry- ing on of the work; she is colored. The Army and Navy Y. M. C. A. is also misnamed, for it was only a few weeks ago they refused to serve me a glass of soda water, unless I was willing to take it outside into the street and drink it. White civilians, foreigners o; what not can go in, drink up and eat up the building, if they want to; but | am colored, I must take mine into the stree: | took the matter up with Mr. Cup. ningham, the Secretary, but he, as all the rest of them, puts it on the other fellow, and is unwilling to take a stand against the deviltry himself. But I think the climax of it all is the Catholic Church. “A man is known by his works”, so are organizations, and denominations. Please note the clip. pings I am enclosing herewith. I have some friends whose children were af. fected by this discriminatory dct. [i. ¢. the Christian Brothers of St. Joseph's Catholic College have turned out al] Negro children. | Colored West Indians donate large sums of money here for the support of the Catholic Church. This is an unden- iable fact. In another church here, not Catholic, however, they have white people meeting at one hour with a white minister preaching to them, and at another hour, the Negroes meet under that same roof for their services, which are conducted by another white minister of the Gospel of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, and yet these Negroes continue in large numbers to fall for that kind of stuff. They seem to like it. I sometimes wonder wherein does it profit a Negro to be a Christian if the white man is also a Christian. Both are right I guess. Racial discrimination therefore, with its foundation rooted in the heart of the American white man, and at the base of the Stars and Stripes, is destined to spread its poisoning influence through- out the length and breadth of the world. The Darker Peoples then, as one grand united army, must prepare to meet and repel this deadly enemy to human jus- tice. THEODORE BERRY E quote the following from the column of Alfred Segal in the Cincinnati Post: It was the first time it had ever hap- pened: The leading orators of the Uni- versity of Cincinnati had assembled for the annual contest of oratory, and 2 colored boy was chosen the best the other night. Theodore Berry had come to this triumph over all the thorns that beset the way of the Negro. Poverty and un- derprivilege and prejudice have encum- bered his feet. * He was born in the Negro section of the West End which is a bitter world to be born in. Long ago the last (Will you please turn to page 248) THe Crisis
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KRIGWA 1928 On Page 76 of the Marcu Crisis and on Page 133 of the Aprit Crisis we have already announced two sets of prizes for 1928. First, the Charles Waddell Chesnutt Honoraria. ‘These are prizes of $25, $15 and $10 awarded each month for one year beginning with the ApriL aumber. We are pleased to announce of prizes for June, 1928: First Prize. Poem. “Desire”, by Marjorie Marshall ..... Second Prize. Poem. “Hope”, by Georgia Douglas Johnson $15.00 Third Prize. Cover. “A Jungle Nymph”, by Alan R. Free- $10.00 Second, Economic Prizes offered by 5 Negro banks and 7 Negro insurance societies as follows: One First Prize........ One Second Prize ...... 150. One Third Prize ....... 100. Two Fourth Prizes ..... 50. each Eight Prizes for Honor- able Mention ........ 25. each $750. Entries for these prizes close Decem- ber 31, 1928, and the awards will be announced in the early spring of 1929. Read this and the two previous an- nouncements carefully. If you have further specific questions, write the Editor. THE PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN Tue Crisis proposes to take un- usual interest in the Presidential Cam- paign. We believe that the Negro has at last become of political age. That the days of tutelage and blarney are over, and that Americans of Negro descent are facing the necessity of vot- ing intelligently, according to their convictions, and regardless of party. We believe it is the duty of THE Crisis, as the oldest organ of inde- pendent opinion among American Ne- eroes to present to these voters care- tully gathered and accurate informa- ‘ion concerning candidates. There- fore, in the August, September, Octo- ber and November numbers of THE Crisis, we are going over the candi- dates and the political conditions in ‘very section of the United States, in order to hold up to Negro voters the July, 1928 records and the promises of those per- sons who seek their franchise. We be- lieve that these numbers of THe Crisis and this enterprise will be of unusual value to all readers. VISITORS O the hard worker in a great mod- ern city the problem of the casual visitor is baffling. No one needs vis- itors more than he: he needs the en- livening and quickening contact with the world outside the office. He needs to keep human and to resist the me- chanical trend of his city routine. He needs the knowledge that comes by word of mouth to correct and make real the printed page. On the other hand, if visitors want to greet a man, it is because he has done something—has thought, written, acted, inspired. And if a man is go- ing to do anything today in New York, on Fifth Avenue, in a modern office, he must have periods of quiet, inten- sive, uninterrupted work. Here comes the Visitor. He knows and appreciates what the Worker is do- ing. He wants to see him, to know him, to tell him. The Worker needs to be told. He works in a strange unmeaning silence. His voice has no echoes. No one seems to listen. No one cares—What’s the use? And then—in bursts the Visitor with out- stretched hand and shinine eves and joy and laughter in his voice! The world lives and moves again. But—both Visitor and Worker must have some modicum of common sense. The Visitor blows in town on holiday. He sleeps well, eats heartily and at eleven A. M. says gaily: “Now for THe Crisis office!” But pause, friend. Why not just go to the ’phone - and say: “I’m in town. Want to see you. When are you free?” And the editor responds: “Could you come at 2? Good!” All is well. Both are happy. Both are helped. But if the Editor is not asked and you burst in on his poised pen; if you in- terrupt a carefully arranged morning or a happy thought surging to be born —if you do this for no other reason but that you are too lazy to arrange a mutually convenient time—well, the Editor may be unhappy. He may think that his convenience has a right to be considered as well as yours. I was sitting in my office with a helper reading the stone-proof of the magazine: last day, last hour. It must be down at 5 or the schedule of a great printing house with 25 magazines to print would be thrown out of kilter, 800 agents would await a late maga- zine, and 100,000 readers would yell: “C.P.T.”. We were working like hell with an hour to finish an hour and a half’s work.— “Miss Blink and Miss Blank of Seattle, to see the Editor.” Frankly I am furious. The Misses B. and B. could just as easily have called an hour later or an hour earlier. Three minutes on the telephone could have arranged a delightful visit with two intelligent and educated women whom I needed to see and question and explain. One knew Youth— mysterious, prophetic, eternal Youth. And one knew Art, subtle, intriguing trick of thought—beauty of way and mean. I could learn something of both—but not then and now—for a Ghost with dripping hands hovered above me and I had to finish that proof. Well—I did not see them. As a result, I lost two good and helpful friends. In vain did I write next day explanation and apology. They were insulted to the last degree. Selah. I am not altogether blameless. I often discount human facts in com- parison with divine thoughts. I can- not jump readily from the understand- ing mind to the glad hand. And yet, frank and sympathetic comprehension of my problem and of the problem of the Visitor might bring mutual under- standing. The problem has many attempted solutions: sound proof, inner sanctums which leave the public office frankly empty—‘Stepped out”; “in confer- ence”; staring printed signs about not being at home except at such and such hours; secret bells, like Bismark’s to summon oneself to mythical appoint- ments; or alibis like that of a friend of mine. I used to find him easily ensconsed in his office with smiles and open door. The public was cordially welcome, whether on business or with- 239
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out—crank, book agent or prophet, tor a few minutes or a few hours. “How do you do it?” I gasped, aghast. “Tust waste the day,” he grinned. “Go home to dinner; take a nap, and work from Midnight to 4 A. M.!” “H’m!” I remarked. Two years later he had a stroke of paralysis. I have a colleague across the way. I have seen him stagger out of his of- fice at noon with death in his eye— Death of a Big Job—murder of a fine idea. Some friend had dropped in “just for a minute” and staid an hour! And so, let’s get together on this thing. I want to see you, Visitor, I really do. But can’t we compromise on the hour, if not the day? [I'll go half way—honest, I will. Never mind Me, but respect my Work. My Work is cold, calm, re- lentless. It will be done now or never. It is merciless. It glares at me cruel- kind, malignant-gracious: “Tuesday’s Work undone? Good! Here’s Wednesday’s!”’ I shriek in vain, wring my hands— “But Tuesday?” The Work answers, very softly and smooth: “There is no Tuesday. Tuesday is dead. Dead forever and forever. And Monday and last week and year 1927.” “But Tuesday’s work is not done,” I wail, and it echoes: “It shall never be done. Here is Today and Wednesday and this year. They are yours. Work or die.” Sometimes I seek to fool my Mas- ter, Work. I enter stealthily Wednes- day, lugging Tuesday’s undone task beneath my vest. He says no word. His face is grey and grim. I-know I can never deceive my Master. And yet often, when the finished Deed stands sleek before me, clothed like a Book, an Editorial, a Speech, a Letter,—I sigh and say: “I have bought you with my Friends—and I have but few left.” Not me, not me, Lord Visitor, craves your thoughtful sympathy and co-op- eration, but the Master. If we cajole him and seek to do his will, he may nod uneasily and sleep, snore and dream! Ah, when my Work dreams, that is the Kingdom and the Power and the Glory of my friends. Then we will smoke and eat and carouse and make love and play. He will awake to find us more than ready and wild with waiting. Happy are the workless and the Idle, who can just enjoy and need not think! But I, (woe is me!) I am the grandson of a Seventh Son, born with a Veil. From all Eternity I am sen- tenced to toil—and to love it. 240 BEN BESS BLACK man & South Carolina owned a farm and had a white family as tenants in 1914. With the husband’s tacit consent, he was inti- mate with the white woman. When he determined not to re-rent them their land the following year, the woman, at the husband’s command, accused the black owner of rape. The jury hesi- tated. The mob threatened lynching. So Ben Bess was convicted on the testimony of the woman and sentenced to 30 years in the penitentiary. He served 13 years. The South Carolina penitentiary is one of the filthiest and most degrading places of punishment in the world. It has been denounced in a report of white South Carolina citizens. No man could serve 13 years in such a place and be aught but a physical, mental and moral wreck. In May, 1928, the white woman came forward and made this volun- tary oath to the Governor: , of the countv and state aforesaid, and the prosecutrix in the case of the state against Ben Bess, charging him with assaulting and ravish- ing me, on which charge he was con- victed in June, 1915, at Florence, South Carolina, and sentenced to serve 30 years. Realizing that I have not much longer to live, hereby desire as nearly as possible to undo the great wrong | have done this Negro, the said Ben Bess, and I hereby declare that my testimony upon the trial of this case was untrue and that Ben Bess should not be serving any sentence therefor.” Ben Bess has tuberculosis. His farm and all his property have gone to the lawyers. He is being released today under “suspended sentence”. There is every reason to believe that in hun- dreds of similar cases in the South, which have had no such revelation, the black partners of white paramours are still rotting in jail or dead at the hands of a lynching mob. CO-OPERATION LMOST from the _ beginning Tue Crisis has preached eco- nomic co-operation. We started a campaign 10 years ago in August 1917. A Crisis Editorial said: “Shall we try the old paths of in- dividual exploitation, develop a class of rich and grasping brigands of In- dustry, use them to exploit the mass of the black laboring people and re- produce in our own group all the in- dustrial Hell of old Europe and America? No! This method has been advocated but it has been advocated by people who did not realize the new spirit that has come to the industrial world. Slowly and with great difh- culty this new spirit is going to work itself out in the white world; but jj we American Negros are keen and intelligent we can evolve a new and efficient industrial co-operation quicker than any other group of people, fo; the simple reason that our inequalities of wealth are small, our group loyalty is growing stronger and stronger and the necessity for a e¢ in our industrial life is becoming imperative. Think of the teeming thousands, not to _ say millions, of colored workingmen who are liter. ally mad to get simply the ordinary decencies of employment, who are any. ious and eager for proper industrial leadership on the part of their own people. “Brethren, the door of opportunity is open before us, leading to such king- doms as neither Alexander nor Na poleon ever dreamed of.” For a year we continued this preach- ing of consumers co-operation cul- minating in August 1918 with a meet- ing of representatives of seven states in THe Crisis office to forward such a movement. Out of this grew a num- ber of experiments—the grocery stores of Memphis, one or two efforts in West Virginia—between 25 and 50 in all. Nearly all failed after some initial success, partly because some be- came profit-making shops and not co operative, and others went down be- fore the competition of the Chain store. One flickering ray of hope remained: R. P. Sims of Bluefield, West Vir- ginia, wrote in August, 1920: “What do you think of suggesting through the columns of THE Crisis, the possibility of training persons in the co-operative idea by having the schools organize such ventures for the purpose of handling student supplies and also of giving some definite atten- tion to this subject in the work in economics ?” The experiment was made in Sims own school and its striking results told in the July, 1927, Crisis by W. E. Matney, who developed the idea. That summer a second conference was held in THe Crisis office and in the last May Crisis we returned to the sub- ject suggesting a program broader and more embracing that consumer’s Co operation and suggesting that unless the American Negro begin some such broad co-operative program he 3 doomed to serfdom. Manufacturing and consumer's operation, based on a business traili- ing in co-operation, is the economic program which THe CRIsIs proposes to advocate from now on. A confer ence will probably be held in New York this summer. If you are inter ested, write. Tue Crisis —
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ATLANTA UNIVERSITY IONEER in _ liberal. education. Advantages of a growing city and fraternal relations with other institu- tions of higher learning. College and Normal Departments. Practice teach- ing in and High School work. Graduates make good in Northern Uni- versities. FOR INFORMATION, Address MorEHOUSE COLLEGE (Formerly Atlanta Baptist College) ATLANTA, GA. College, Academy, Divinity School N institution famous within recent years for its emphasis on all sides of manly development—the only insti- tution in the far South devoted solely to the education of Negro young men. Graduates given high ranking by greatest northern universities. Debat- ing, Y. M. C. A., athletics, all live fea- tures. FOR INFORMATION, Address JOHN HOPE, President Clark University ATLANTA, GEORGIA “Culture for Service” QvER 100 acres of beautiful campus. Twelve bulld- ings with new $215,000.00 Administration Bulld- ing with modern Chapel. Laboratories and Gymnasium. Clark University offers unusual educational oppor- tunities to aspiring young men and women. Terms reasonable. Departments: College of Arts and Sei- ence, Normal Training School, College Preparatory, Music and Home Economics. For information address M. S. DAVAGE, President HOWARD UNIVERSITY Founded by General O. O. Howard MORDECAI W. JOHNSON, President EMMETT J. SCOTT, Scretary-Treasurer Purpose TT @ provide the Twelve Million Colored People of the United States with College-trained and Professional Leaders through its Courses in the Arts, the Sciences, in Education, Commerce and Finance, Public Health and Hygiene, Music, Engi- neering, Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy, Religion and Law. 3 Students May Enter for Collegiate Work at the Beginning of Any Quarter Autumn Quarter........... Sept. 24, 25, 26, 1928 FOR CATALOG AND INFORMATION WRITE: F. D. WILKINSON, Registrar HOWARD UNIVERSITY Washington, D. C. Talladega College TALLADEGA, ALABAMA Sixty-first Year F. A. SUMNER, President UP-TO-DATE in its equipment. High standards @ scholaship. Thoreughly Christian in its ideals. DEPARTMENTS: Theological Seminary, College of Arts and . Offering special courses in Educa- “7 Secial Service, Music, Physical train- Siz hundred students, 65 teachers and workers, 800 acres, 35 buildings, electric lights, steam heat. Beautiful and healthful location in the foothills of the Blue Ridge An ideal place for young men and women. Fer further information address M. B. MILLER, Registrar. Knoxville College KNOXVILLE, TENN. POPPP PPP PPP PPP PPP PPP PPP Beautiful Situation and Healthful Location. Best Moral and Spiritual Environment. Splendid Intellectual Atmosphere. Noted for Honest and Thorough Work. Fully Accredited for Teachers’ Certificates by State Board. Home-like Dormitory Life with Careful Supervision. Live Athletic and Literary Interests. COURSES: College, Normal, High School, House- hold, Arts and Music. Expenses Very Reasonable Catalog and other literature sent free upon request. Address: J. KELLY GIFFEN, President. KNOXVILIZ, TENN. The NORTH CAROLINA COLLEGE for NEGROES Formerly the Durham State Normal School OFFERS THE FOLLOWING COURSES 1. THE LIBERAL ARTS COURSE Leading to the A. B. Degree and offering sufficient work in Secondary Education to enable students to secure High School Teachers’ Cer- tificates, Class A, and High School Principals’ Certificates at the com- pletion of the course. 2. THE SCIENTIFIC COURSE Leading to the B. S. Degree. 3. THE PRE-MEDICAL COURSE A two-year pre-medical course preparing students for entrance into medical colleges will be given. 4. SPECIAL COURSES IN COMMERCE AND MUSIC The faculty consists of men and women from the best colleges and universities > the country and meets the requirements of the North Carolina College Con- erence. FOR CATALOG AND FURTHER INFORMATION ADDRESS: THE NortH CAROLINA CoLLEGE For NeGROES JAMES E. SHEPARD DURHAM, N. C. Atlanta University, Atlanta, Ga. TRAINING OF KINDERGARTEN TEACHERS ATLANTA UNIVERSITY Professional Course of Two Years Address July, 1928 | WASHINGTON, D. C. | $27 An Episcopal boarding school for girls, 4 under the direction of the sisters of St. Mary. Address: THE SISTER-IN-CHARGE, 241
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Medical College. why don’t you apply for entrance to Den High School you can enter our Pharmacy Department. DO IT NOW! Meharry Medical College There Is a Great Demand for Graduates of the DENTAL and PHARMACY Departments of Meharry If you have had at least two years of College Work tal Department, or if you have finished Nashville, Tenn. Hampton Institute Hampton, Virginia THE COLLEGE 1 DIVISION OF EDUCATION—four-year high- school ‘s course leading te degree Bachelor of Science; and two-year courses for primary, intermediate and upper-grade 2 DIVISION OF AGRICULTURE — four-year oe leading to degree of Bachelor of ence. 8 DIVISION OF HOME year course leading to degree of of Science: and two-year course. 4 DIVISION OF BUSINESS—four-year course leading to degree of Bachelor of Science and two-year course—aims te prepare men and women for business positions or te teach subjects. 5 DIVISION OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTION —four-year course leading to degree of Bachelor of Science: and two-year course— aims to train skilled bullders. 6 DIVISION OF LIBRARY S&CIENCE—one- year professional course—aims to prepare librarians for normal schools, colleges and branch libraries in city systems. THE SUMMER SCHOOL—courses degree of Bachelor of Science and $ DIVISION OF MUSIC—four-year course lead- ing to degree of Bachelor of Science. THE ACADEMY A etandard four-year accredited high schosl, preparing for college entrance. TRADE SCHOOL Four-yeer courses in each of twelve trades. JAMES E. GREGG, Principal HAMPTON INSTITUTE, Virginia Agriculturai and Technical College of North Carolina AT GREENSBORO An “‘A” Grade College An Agricultural Department | Courses leading to the degree of B.S. in Agriculture. A Technical Department Courses leading to the degree of B.S. in Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engi- neering and Architectural Engineering. A Science D ment Courses leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science. A Department of Education Courses leading to the degree of B.S. in Education, for the training of Vocational A Trade Department Offering the following trades: Carpentry, Cabinet Ma Mechanics, Machine Shop Prac- tice, Tailoring, Shoe Making and Repairing, Plumbing, Electricity, Forging. A Standard Technical High School A High School which prepares students for College and for Vocations. > A Strong Business Department Courses in Shortha Typewriting, Book- keeping, Commercial Law. MODERN EQUIPMENT SPLENDID LOCATION MODERATE EXPENSES FALL TERM BEGINS SEPT. 17, 1928 For further information, address F. D. BLUFORD, President A. & T. COLLEGE Greensboro, N. C. The TUSKEGEE NORMAL and gy INDUSTRIAL INSTITUTE —~ Founded by Booker T. WASHINGTON High Schoo Offers Rocginan Opportunities to Negro Youth for Thorough Education in and College Courses and in Agriculture, Mechanical Industries and in Industries for Women. THE DEPARTMENT OF MECHANI- CAL INDUSTRIES for Boys forty trades including Carpentry, Brick- laying, — otogra rinting, Practice and Ts g. THE WOMAN’S INDUSTRIES include eme Economics — rees in Foods, Clothing, Milli , Applied Art, Launder - ing, Household Mana in addition to Home Crafts and Ladies’ Tailoring. THE AGRICULTURAL DEPART- MENT with 1850 acres of land offers a comprehensive four-year course in Second- ary Agriculture and a full four-year col- men and women as Farm tion ra Teachers of Agriculture and on TWO-YEAR COLLEGE COURSES are offered in ucation for the training of Teachers in Elementary Schools, for Teachers of Mechanical Industries; in Business Practice; in Home Economics; and in Technica! Arts. FOUR-YEAR COLLEGE COURSES leading to the Bachelor of Science de are offered in Agriculture, in Home Eco- nomics, and in Education. THE HN A. ANDREW MEMO. RIAL HOSPITAL and Nurse Training School provides a three-year course in Nurse Training which quulilies its gradu- ates for registration in all southern states. A SUMMER SCHOOL FOR TEACH- , of ten weeks, divided into two terms, beginning June Ist and meeting the re- quirements of the Boards of Education of all southern states. Location Unsurpassed ¥ Information furnished upon application Robert R. Moton, Principal William H. Carter, Treasurer TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE, ALABAMA 242 League of Nations (Continued from page 224) the lives of Negro peoples—the Map. dates system, the Slavery Convention and the approaching Forced Laboy Convention. It is impossible to r. main indifferent to the organization which is controlling the destinies 9 12,000,000 Negroes directly and mil. lions more indirectly. Participation ip the development of our Africap brothers could only be directly achieved by representation on the Mandate Commission; but indirectly the meth. ods of educational and economic devel. opment of the American Negro are be. ing used as models for use in Map. dated areas, and no little attention js paid to the American Negro’s life. his difficulties, and his achievements to serve as guideposts, in making the Mandates system “the sacred trust of civilization”. Wanted To Be Red (Continued from page 226) . .. these tortuous doubts swamped his mind and filled him with a great fear. Back he went through the streets of the Greeners and he heard the deep, joyous laughter of his people, the abandon and hope of their singing, the ecstatic cries of the children as they played in the streets. From far down the road, he heard them chanting: My Lord’s Gonna move this wicked race O Lord This wicked race Gonna raise up a nation Shall obey... He stood listening for a long space at his doorway. He turned and climbed the steps like a man grown suddenly old and weary of his heavy burden. At the door of his mother’ room, he paused. It was late but he could hear her and he went in. She looked into his face, and saw the sad- ness written there. She azain said no word, but drew his head again upon her breast, and as he sobbed as though his heart had broken, she held him tightly, and in her eyes a strange light burned. After a long space, he lett her silently, and this time his step upon the stairs was firmer and his eyes again flashed brightly. He stepped into his beloved laboratory which he had left so triumphantly but a short space before. He pressed the light button and walked up to the gleaming apparatus. He looked at it long an¢ lovingly. His gaze travelled along the stone-topped table, and stopped sud- denly upon the thick book of note Tue Crisis teachers. Teachers. = lege course Advanced Agriculture to :
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Lincoln University in Collegiate and Theological Education Association of Colleges of accredited Ziadie States and Maryland. Graduat Leaders in the ond in all parts of the country. Address: Wm. Hallock Johnson, President LINCOLN UNIVERSITY CHESTER COUNTY PENNSYLVANIA VIRGINIA UNION UNIVERSITY RICHMOND, VIRGINIA ATED as a class A college by the State Boards of Education in Vir- ja and North Carolina, In addition to the general college cur- riculum, work is offered in the follow- ing departments : Teachers College Pre-Medical Theological Law Commercial For additional information address THE PRESIDENT SHAW UNIVERSITY Founded 1865 Devoted exclusively to College and Theological work. “A” class ee having 2 prestige 2 Ne- edycation. ven gra n cniversities of the North. With increasing emphasis is placed upon college standards and the promotion of col- lege spirit in scholarship and athletics. given: B.S., Th.B. and B.S. Special attention is given to the wanes ers. Terms moderate. ang Presi- of catalog. Add EACOC SHAW NORTH CAROLINA. JOHNSON C. SMITH UNIVERSITY (Formerly Biddle University) FOUNDED 1867 FOR MEN ONLY CLASS “A” College and High School, so recognized by the North Carolina State Board of Education. A Standard Theological Seminary. Member of the Association of Col- leges for Negro Youth. Large endowment. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, address H. L. McCROREY, President Charlotte, North Carolina The Ancrum School of Music tion. faculty. Fine dormitory rooms. Director: MRS. ESTELLE ANCRUM FORSTER Graduate N.E.C., 1919-20. FoR YEAR BOOK. ApDRESS: 4 W. Rutland Sq., Boston, Mass. July, 1928 that still lay open where he had left it. [here lay all of the heart-aches, all the successes, all the milestones along the weary march of his discovery. There lay the liberation of a race, the freedom of a people. For but a mo- ment he paused, then with a quick movement, closed the book, lifted it from the table and carried it to the side of the room where his bunsen flame was still burning. He thrust its pages into the flame, and as the thin smoke arose, he felt as though his dreams, and Moda’s too, were dying there. He held it in his fingers till the flames licked too close. Then he pitched it under the hood, and watched it long till the embers died in the ashes. With the last spark, something seemed to fade in his brain, and he stood dazed and weakened at the thing he had done. He turned back to his table and his apparatus. His fingers toyed absently with some colored bits of cloth, remnants of some past ex- periment. Something he saw aroused him. A new thought, a fresh question awoke in his brain. He hurriedly made a few adjustments, mounted a piece of colored cloth and threw his switch. He reached down into a drawer of the table, took out a clean, fresh note- book, and after reading the thermom- eter, began writing... “It is noticed that at a temperature of 40 degrees C and at a pressure of three atmospheres, the _ electronic stream increases...” Schools in Oklahoma (Continued from page 228) pendent Districts is from $7.91 in McCurtain County, to $96.80 in Kingfisher. The extreme sums, how- ever, are not typical because of the small number of Negro children in some of the counties. In the Inde- pendent Districts 25% of the counties spend less than $23.74 per capita for Negro education. Fifty percent spend less than $35.15 and 75% spend less than $47.36 per capita. The average gives a higher score for these Inde- pendent Districts than the median. N the rural separate school districts 25% of the counties pay less than $17.10 per capita, while the median score is $26.28. This indicates that 50% of the counties of Oklahoma pay less than this amount per capita for Negro pupils in separate rural schools. Combining the data for all Negro schools in Oklahoma, we have the fol- lowing table: VIRGINIA NoRMAL AND INDUSTRIAL INSTITUTE (Virginia State College for Negro Youth) PETERSBURG, VIRGINIA Classed as an “‘A’’ Virginia and Nerth The College offers an excellent good physical conditions, curricula leading to degrees in Music, Home Economics, culture and Industrial Education and a FOUR QUARTER eo of Organization. Graduates given high rating by Northern Colleges. Spring Quarter opens March 17 and Summer Quar- ter June 16. Expenses moderate. Fer further information write to Miss J. Louise Barrett, Registrar The Cardinal Gibbons Institute RIDGE, ST. MARY’S COUNTY, MARYLAND A school for Negro oem men and wo- men of easeger one purpose. Course of Junior High School grade offered for the coming year. General Mechanics, Agriculture and Do- mestic Science are taught in parallel courses. Living conditions simple, healthful, well- supervised. For further information, address Victor H. Daniel, Principal, Ridge, Maryland Bethune -Cookman Colle ge (Formerly The Daytona Normal and Industrial Inst.) DAYTONA BEACH, FLORIDA jp ccaTen in the beautiful Halifax country on the East coast of Florida. An institution where opportunity is afforded for the highest and best in education. Offering courses in JUNIOR COLLEGE Normal Training School for Teachers College Preparatory PECIAL work offered in Commerce, Music, Do- mestic Science and Art, Agriculture and Car- pentry. Athletics encouraged for Boys and Girls. Dormitory Facilities unsurpassed. FOR INFORMATION, Write to Mary McLeod Bethune, President EpwarD WATERS COLLEGE JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA An Ideal Colt Home Schoai in the Heart of Beautiful Florida For students unable to stand the rigors of a Northern winter. Grammar School, Junior High School, Senior High School, Normal School, School of Theology. Music, Commercial Courses, College Courses leading to B.A. Degree, Manual Training, Domes- tic Science and Art, Band, Military Training for men, Physical education for women. Ibert B. 243 — 4 a ident
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Paine College AUGUSTA, GA. Standard College Courses Accredited Senior High School Up-to-Date Junior High School “To develop leaders you must have the best possible equipment for liter- ary training and that is what we are striving for at Paine College”, said one of the leaders of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. This Church contributes largely to the support of Paine College. A Goop SCHOOL AT REASONABLE RATES For further information, address RAY S. TOMLIN, President PAINE COLLEGE Approved Two-Year Normal . of Social Work INCORPORATED GOOD PAYING JOBS FOR TRAINED NEGROES IN SOCIAL WORK Prepares Men and Women for This Interesting Profession. A NEW DIRECTOR AND AN EX- PANDED PROGRAM THIS YEAR. For Further Information, Address the Director. Forrester B. Washington, A.M. Atlanta School of Social Work 239 Auburn Avenue Northeast Atlanta, Georgia The Atlanta School Simmons University, 4” The only institution in the State having for its object Col Ministerial, Medical and Legal training for Colored Citizens in Kentucky. Special training in Insurance, Social Service, Nurs- ing and Hospital Work ATTENDANCE AND PER CAPITA EXPEND- ITURES IN ALL SCHOOLS FOR NEGROES (1925 - 1926) Total Per County Students Expen. Capita 417 $12,327 $29.56 Blaine 374 17,539 46.89 409 13,995 34.21 Canadian 252 16,216 64.34 Cherokee ........... 197 5,247 26.63 Choctaw ............ 1,580* 24,139 15.15 70 1,553 22.19 Commanche ........ 21 8,086 32.21 181 10,662 58.90 Cree be 2,773 81,809 29.53 Custer . 427 1,804 42.95 Garfield 186 16,760 90.10 Garvin .. 469 10,952 eae 40 8.12 102 2,415 2 Hughes . 16 31.20 2000 4.075 16.86 Jefferson ........... 87 2,755 31.66 johnston 1,452 34.26 ay 109 3,588 32.91 Kingfisher ......... 559 33,292 59.55 See 131 4.992 38.10 468 9,533 20.36 SR 1,289 45,070 34.96 1,953 75,240 38.52 Love . a 6,726 28.74 Major 11 1,625 147.25 Mayes 213 4.226 19.84 2,018 24.68 Muskogee .......... 5,957 156,453 26.26 McCurtain ......... 2,744 24,754 9.02 2,218 26,673 12.02 Ckfuskee 2,431 40,407 16.62 3, 188,829 54.92 Okmulgee .......... 3,683 94,445 25.64 247 12,151 . 49.15 Pittsburgh ......... 19,458 29.70 Pottawatomie ..... 432 17,679 40.92 Pushmataha 2,319 26.35 Rogers . 194 8,779 45.25 Seminole ........... 1,307 21,566 16.50 Sequoyah .......... 10.978 13.58 Stephens 1,983 30.07 Tillman ; 6,057 12.93 ulsa . 2,618 175,020 66.85 2,380 48 660 20.44 Washington ........ 196 10,244 52.26 Totals.......... 48,133 $1,456,143 $30.25 With a total of 48,133 students and expenditures for current expenses of $1,456,143, there is a range from $8.12 per capita in Greer County to $147.25 in Major County. Both these have very small enrollments. The median amount expended is $29.70. In evaluating per capita expenditure, funds expended for permanent im- provements were excluded. In many instances, this has served to lower the per capita for a particular county as maintenance expenses may have been cut down in order to appropriate a large amount for building purposes. It is just this feature, however, of the actual working out of legislation, which is objectionable. The Separate schools cannot float bonds as the Ma- jority and Independent Districts are allowed to do. Moreover, in the case of those allowed to float bonds, the school fund has been allocated between the races on the basis of current ex- penditure and this explains the poor buildings which many Negro schools have in wealthy communities. Oklahoma City is an example. If the county appropriated a large amount from its separate Negro school fund for buildings, it would have to cy down on administration and othe; costs and give the amount saved to the Negro schools. Or it would have to cut down the amount given for main. tenance of the Negro schools. The county ought to be able to float bonds for building improvements of the Negro schools. But this question has never been taken before the courts. Race Discrimination T is not easy to ascertain the relo- tive expenditure for Negroes and whites in Oklahoma. Taking the fig. ures of 1923-24, we have the amount expended by county for both Negroes and whites, and for 1925-6 the per capital expended for Negroes. The table follows: PER CAPITA EXPENDITURES Negro Both Races 1925.6 1923-4 County Atoka . .. $29.56 Blaine . . 46.89 Bryan . . 16.30 15.00 25.66 Commanache ................. 82.21 32.81 42.95 51.31 Greer .. 8.12 37.31 23.67 24.61 Hughes 31.20 29.44 jackson . 16.86 39.64 34.05 Johnston 34.26 30.78 46.39 Kingfisher ............ 59.55 49.24 Kiowa ...... adi . 18.45 33.01 Latimer 38.10 24.85 Leflore . . 20.36 23.36 Lincoln 84.96 33.18 Logan . 88.52 37.85 Love 28.74 36.08 Marshall 16.24 28.39 ayes . 19.84 26.15 Musko . 26.26 40.47 McClain . 82.85 26.80 McCurtain . 9.02 18.17 McIntosh . 12.02 22.78 cs 42.55 45.21 Nowata .. 49.00 53.35 Osage .. . 87.08 51.67 Pawnee ...... 40.15 47.19 Pittsburgh ....... _ 29.70 27.65 Pontotoc ........ 10.15 Pottawatomie 40.92 33.14 Pushmataha .. 26.35 24.49 Rogers 4.25 39.88 Seminole .. 16.50 22.47 Sequoyah 13.58 B33 Stephens .. 30.07 4.33 Tillman .. 12.93 45.05 Tulsa 66.85 64.57 Washington ............ 52.26 67.66 Grand Averages....... 30.25 38.44 HERE is no doubt but what the figures for 1925, if they could be obtained, would show even more marked variations. In 1922, the per capita of expenditure for whites was $44.83. For Negroes in that year tt was $25.01. In 1923 the two sums were: $43.60 and $25.83. In 1926, the Negro per capita had risen 10 $30.25. For the entire state and im 36 of the counties the per capita for Tue Crisis PB PPP DD DPD PDA PDP OB } 4 | Normal, Commercial. Music, Domestic Science, q Missionary Training Class Brening classes. correspondence course. Degrees offered Cc. BH. PARRIGSH. President. 244 |
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education was less than the per — for both races in 1923-24. There is no doubt but that in all counties where any considerable Negro population exists, Negroes do not re- eeive equal per capita in Oklahoma as required by law. Of course, without exception, all the counties in which a considerable Negro population live, show wide variation in the sums ex- pended on the education of the Negro and the white child. If under present conditions the counties with a large Negro population were compelled to spend equal sums, they would cut down on their expenditures for roads and general administration. ‘Thus the present unfortunate system actually penalizes the counties which have large Negro school population, as compared with other counties which have practi- cally no Negro population. Already the program of Negro education in Oklahoma has been transferred from the school district to the county dis- trict in the majority of cases. It is imperative now that the delegation of responsibility be continued so as to make the state the central educational unit for what is and should be a state responsibility. In this way, counties with no Negro population would aid in bearing the cost now imposed upon areas where such population exists. If we compare the per capita expenditure for Negro education it is easy to seé that Tulsa County with $48,779 in taxable property for each Negro child has a much smaller program in. financ- ing Negro education than McCurtain County, which has but $3,852. If $50 per capita is reasonable expenditure on Negro children, the following levies would have to be made in the follow- ing counties : Taxation in tenths of a mill . . . . . . ee McCurtain .._ HIS is a striking proof of present A inequalities, rather the disinclina- tion of various counties to educate their children. It is clear that Negro schools in Oklahoma are going to remain be- low par just as long as the county re- mains the unit of financial support. urning now to the salaries of teachers, we have the following com- parisons : AVERAGE SALARIES OF TEACHERS White Negro Independent Districts $1,237 #056 All Districts .1925—26 745 We may add to this the salaries for tural teachers in twelve selected Okla- July, 1928 Resources 473 YY over = $5,000,000.00 Insurance % in force $75,000,000.00 THE NATIONAL BENEFIT LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY VERY Negro in America has a tremendous E stake in guarding this Citadel over which the our children and our childrea’s children—for genera- tions yet unborn—these too are vitally concerned in the manner of its guardianship. For the citadel is the Citadel of Negro Commercial Progress, and in its protection and strengthening lies our hope as a Race to obtain for ourselves—and those to follow us— the splendor of Equal Opportunity and Higher Standards of Living and Attainment. Against all invaders, over nearly three decades of years, the National Benefit has held every breach, repelled every attack, kept intact this stronghold of the Race. As the largest and strongest Negro enterprise—as the greatest Negro financial institution on earth— the post is ours by right as well as by choice. Stand with us—do business with Negro enterprises— insure in Negro companies—their future is the fu- ture of the Race. WASHINGTON, D. C. the First—in Size in Service and in Strength National Benefit stands sentinel. The lives of — | | Payne = Pittsburgh . Carter 5) | S . - | 245
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Let Consumers Service Serve You ON’T WORRY BECAUSE YOU DON’T HAVE THE MONEY to take advantage of cer- tain bargains and later worry again because you have the money and no bargains seem available. BARGAIN TAKES ADVAN- TAGE OF YOU whenever you buy what you don’t need sim- ply because the price is marked down. UR GUARANTEED SERVICE SAVES FOR YOU by secur- ing at a worth while discount what you need when you want it. Consequently you may dismiss the anxiety of bargain hunting and get the standard merchandise you prefer. HE COST OF THE SERVICE IS SMALL. We are con- vinced that you will continue to use it after you have tried it. On this account we are offering the service to you free of charge for the first sixty days, after which ou will pay, if satisfied, the nom- ina] charges of $5.00 a year, $2.75 for six months or $1.50 for three months. PPROPRIATE GIFTS FOR ALL OCCASIONS — ailso shoes, clothing, leather goods, music, stationery, pennants, badges—in fact practically any- thing you need. CONSUMERS SERVICE GEN. P. O. BOX 18, New York City Yes. I will try your service for sixty days. If it is satisfactory I will take advantage of the same for a period of One year ..... $5.00 as checked Six months ... 2.75 Three months . 1.50 I am especially interested in se- curing best prices on the following merchandise Name EXTRA MONEY FOR YOU Take orders for our popularly priced line of Calling Cards, Business Cards, Fraternal Cards and Monogrammed Stationery. pay; big demand; outfit furnished. samples and terms. THE HOUSE OF CHOWNING rite for 627 Cleveland Ave. Indianapolis, Ind. Sell THE CRISIS in your or recom. mend persons who have energy and the ability to represent us acceptably. For particulars write the Director of Agencies THE CRISIS, 69 Fifth Avenue New York City 246 homa counties where there is the largest Negro school population. When compared with white teachers SALARIES OF TEACHERS White Negro County Men Men Carter .. .. $1,238 Choctaw 874 Creek ..... 1,510 1,000 Lincoln .... 839 721 McIntosh 93% 453 McCurtain .. 836 505 Okfuskee 1,262 554 Okmulgee .. 738 ¥ 1,542 612 Wagoner 1,006 575 in rural districts, the Negro teacher is underpaid in every county listed above. The ratio of underpayment varies from more than 2 to | in Choc- taw and Okfuskee counties to a very slight difference in Oklahoma county. Efficiency of the Schools One measure of the efficiency of any school system is afforded by the degree to which it holds its students. In the Oklahoma Separate and Independent Districts 1924-25, we have the follow- ing figures for 47,811 pupils: Grades Be 28.8% 2. 12.3 06 . 123 « 5.7 12. 0.7 In other words, only 4.7% of the pupils enrolled in the entire system are in the high school grades. There is an especially abrupt loss at the begin- ning of the sixth grade, and there is a much larger shrinkage among Negro pupils than among whites. One reason, of course, is the economic and social pressure and to this must be added the inferior school accommodations for Ne- groes and the fact that in many rural districts no high school grades are pro- vided at all for Negroes. Among Ne- groes, too, the males leave school in greater proportion than the females. This is true among whites but it is accentuated among Negroes. ‘Teach- ing forms almost the only avenue of economic escape for Negro girls and in the long run it means that the wo- men are being better educated than the men with resultant difficulties in mar- riage alliances. N. A. A. C. P. (Continued from page 229) have their own correspondents in Europe and Asia, have clubbed to- gether. They have clubbed together in the Associated Press, the United Press and other newsgathering and news distributing agencies, which serve all the member newspapers alike. In recogmtion of the effort and ¢. pense involved in this purveying 9 RURAL DISTRICTS (25-°26) White Negro All All omen Women Whites Negroes $1,016 715 $339 1,194 728 1,307 855 765 899 695 38S 401 614 375 410 925 486 1,024 501 851 795 1,036 657 1,118 673 966 835 1,145 734 916 597 50] news, the newspapers universally give credit to the source of what they print, If the Associated Press furnished the news item, they print the letters A. P or “By Associated Press”, by way of acknowledgement and of giving credit where credit is due. It is just like quoting from someone’s book. When you quote from another man’s book. you do not leave it to be assumed that the passage quoted is your own. It js put in quotation marks and usually the name of the source is given. In this matter of giving due credit, some of the colored editors still lag be- hind. For the most part, almost uni- versally, when a news item is printed, or an editorial copied, they are fair enough to acknowledge their indebted- ness to the source of their material, But there are some few who seem either ignorant of their obligations, or deliberately desirous of being unfair. Now the N. A. A. C. P. each week, sends to colored editors all over the country, a press service, containing news of interest to colored readers. This news comes from friends in Eng- land, Germany and France; from cor- respondents in the South; from pub- lishers and magazine editors ; from pub- lications both American and European. Incidentally, when there is need for concerted action by colored people throughout the United States, for the common good, the N. A. A. C. P. press service enables the colored editors quickly to inform their readers. And the results obtained have often been astounding. This N. A. A. C. P. press service goes free of charge to every colored editor in the United States who asks for it, and who prints it without dix torting the items sent him, giving due credit to the source. About 95 per cents of the colored editors faithfully observe these rules of common decency. But there is a five per cent which does not. I have before me a colored newspaper published in Chicago claim- ing to have the largest circulation of any in the country. On the first page of its second section, issue of May 19. this Chicago colored newspaper quotes an editorial from the New York THE Crisis | 7 | Be All Zo ime iat - ‘ul say | wa ind Jui
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World. The New York World edi- orial commented on the absence of ‘enchings in the first four months of 1928, breaking a 39-year record, and specificially credited the National As- ciation for the Advancement of Col- ored People with publishing that in- ‘ormation. More than thirty white newspapers throughout the country »ublished such editorials, every one of ha taking care to properly credit the vy 4. A.C. P. as the source of their information. Yet the Chicago colored newspaper ‘y directly quoting the World editorial went to the trouble of mutilating it. The Chicago Defender cut the name »f the National Association for the Ad- vancement of Colored People out of the editorial it was quoting from the the New York World. Quite aside ‘rom the animus it displays against the vy. 4. A.C. P. this act of mutilation was a gross offense against the common decency of newspaper practice. Colored editors often complain of unfair treatment at the hands of the white press. And their complaint has too often been justified. But for their complaints to have force colored editors must come before the court of public pinion with clean hands. Let the -olored editors not be in the position if the pot which calls the kettle black. J. The Browsing Reader (Continued from page 231) Johnson, that Negroes in the North re at last having their first real con- tact with skill. White is to black as gold is to silver in Panama, according to W. A. Gas- kin, writing of race discrimination in the Nation for May 30. There are ‘wo classes of employees in the Canal Zone, the one designated as the “gold”, it white American employees, and the ther as the “silver”, or black West indian employees. Here again is the story of the same sort of race preju- dice we meet in the heart of the South. As Mr. Gaskin says: “Wherever two « three Americans are gathered to- ether in any region below the Mason and Dixon line, the race question is present also,” H. N. Brailsford writes on “Egypt, Empire and League”, in the New Re- jublic for May 30. Mr. Brailsford ‘ays that the Egyptians never were a warlike race, and that they endure, ind from all indications, will continue ‘© endure, the grossest oppressions with slavish quiescence. Egypt, he “WS, IS aS prone to incur the displeas- ut of Downing Street, as Cuba is to neur that of Wall Street. School in the purple-splashed July, 1928 Burrell Memorial Hospital Training School for Nurses ROANOKE, VA. de State accredited. Three year course in general nursing. 50 bed hospital. On approved list of American Col- lege of Surgeons. Free tuition, board and room, text-books, uniforms ; also monthly cash allowance. Ideal loca- tion, 1,000 feet above sea level. Only High School graduated admitted. Lp ‘Write to, Ethel M. Bigham, R. N. Supt. of Nurses | LINCOLN HEIGHTS A PLAY GIVES more iaughs and puts more cash inte the Treasury than Entertainment that a Chureb or Club can have. Slabtown District Convention It is @ scream and at the same time it is Sense— Because it teaches a number of good lessons. GET IT AND GIVE IT—PRICE S00 Miss Nannie H. Burroughs Author and Publisher WASHINGTON, GC. CRISIS PERSONAL STATIONERY Suitable for Your Daily and Most Particular Correspondence. Your Name and Address or Monogram richly (not printed) on extra heavy, fine quality Stationery. and envelope is marked with lus- trous raised letters, EMBOSSED Each sheet giving the appearance of costly die-engraving and at less than half the price Send us your 3 year sub- scription ($4.50) to THE CRISIS and we will send you a box of CRISIS PER- SONAL STATIONERY with our compliments, or if you prefer, just order sta- tionery at rates quoted. Social Size—Bond Paper - Meets the demands of people of refinement and good taste. an envelopes, all richly em- 9, 200 single sheets (100 embossed and 100 ca and 100 envelopes, em- 9.00 For embossing all 200 single sheets add 50 cents. Colors of Paper—White, Grey, Blue or Bisque (Sand). Colors of Embossing—Black, Blue, Green or Gold. Prices include 1, 2 or 3 lines of wording or your monogram. Additional lines, 15c per line. Postage prepaid east of Mississippi. To Western points, Canada and Island Possessions, add 10% extra per box. Foreign countries, add 50 cents. ENCLOSE CHECK, MONEY ORDER OR CURRENCY WITH ORDER — SHIPMENT IN ABOUT FIVE DAYS. SATISFACTION GUARANTEED OR MONEY REFUNDED. THE CRISIS MAGAZINE 69 Fifth Avenue New York City THE FRANCIS E. W. HARPER GIRLS’ DORMITORIES 1424 Christian Street Philadelphia, Pa. Heme Privileges and Special Rates to Students and enal Women. MISS JESSIE M. WATKINS, Supt. Learn It—Remember It A short (but mighty good) Summer Course in Typewriting starts at The Stenographers’ Institute, 1227 S. i?th St., Phila., Pa., July 2nd and ends August Sist. The school has a high standard of efficiency. Write Edward T. Duncan, Principal. YOUR SUIT FREE Our new plan enables to get one of our fine made-to-order suits, in any wool samples—ali supplies necessary to start at once —furnished EE. Write at once, Progress Tailoring Co., Dept. /49 , Chicago 247 | | | | | — H = A y / | A La Sex ry 4nc Quick You can easily earn $15 a day , | taking orders, from ‘your friends and neighbors for our fine tailoring. Orderscome easy when you show our swell samples and smart styles. We Show You How— you don’t need to know anything about tailoring—simply follow our fe _ient carrying case
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vest fields—school in the cool, budded MORGAN (COLLEGE) | Rust College School in St. Helena’s Island which John O. Spencer, President Rossa B. Cooley paints in the June John W. Haywood, A.M., S.T.D., Dean LOCATION town between North GOING TO COLLEGE? dusky sea umers.—s ‘ Come to Rust College—Beautifully isle, an all year school, Close to the life ™ ond BS in Education de oo Located. Students from of the community, moves with the four Advanced courses in Education Certifi- cates for high school teaching. Fourteen States RATING:—Accredited by the Association of seasons and touches vitally the lif of a rural people. Miss Cooley say, Colleges and P t Schools for the : : . Middle States and Maryland, by. the =o that it will take some time for Penp State Beard of Education in Maryland, School, with “Acres for Class Rooms” s. . nan nittede atunetinnl College of Liberal Arts, Standard to prove itself, but that the experiment FACULTY:—University trained specialists. Normal, Home Economics, Music, is quite worth the time and money ey. SITE:—Eighty-five acres, beautiful scenery, Junior and Senior High Schools. pended. Winold Reiss illustrates th athletic fields. DORMITORIES:—Equipped and supervised. article with portraits from life. SUMMER SCHOOL:—(1928) Six weeks, EMcient Faculty. New Equipment fer Julia Peterkin writes of “A Proyj. REGISTRA :>—Sept. and ular magazine story only int INFORMATION:—Address Edward N. Wil- President L. M. McCoy — that its white-souled characters are more, Md. Holly Springs : Mississippi ebony-hued, and that they. have been transplanted from the usual city apart. Uni ment house to a hidden rural comm. : Allen niversi nity. Miss Peterkin weaves the ip- Wiley College Columbia, S. C. ty evitable “triangle” story about the love MARSHALL, TEXAS and trust and admiration of Earth M. W. DOGAN, President +, 3. MABOSL, Offering Courses in Wine for his slender, golden wife; and THE JUNIOR COLLEGE FOR TEACHERS how she sent him off on a mission of Faculty composed of high grade teachers. ARTS AND SCIENCES dutv so that she might be abl y able to Maintains following departments: THEOLOGY MUSIC COMMERCE > College, Senior High School, Extension, Correspon- HOME ECONOMICS shower her love on her brother-in-law. tion tor Buidy of “Prohibition and the Nesre— Earth returns at the dramatic moment Otters abundant opportunity Gor A.B. in Education and in the manner of the true trage- Excellent “student personnel, fne College atmos- dy dian, pulls out his gun and kills his debating teams. Boerd. Facilities increased this year. adored one. For further information, write the Dean or BISHOP JOHN HURST, REGISTRAR. Chairman Trustee Board The Far Horizon ‘ (Continued from page 238) LIVINGSTONE COLLEGE Florida N l and | '°¢.,%25_cut down there, and beauy An “A” Class College orida ormai an perished, and greenswards withered, and Founpes sy J. C. PRICE c oll ° | . only white landlords fatten. SALISBURY, N. C. egiate institute * ST. AUGUSTINE, FLORIDA He entered the university, work- | | | cary | ine his way. In the summe 4 Offers the Following Courses: went to Detroit where he pats F Hicm Juntor Hic a red-cap in the Michigan Centra way Station, carrying baggage for the Sentor people, saving tips for his education Domestic Arts anp SCIENCES Commenctan Music Teacher TRatninc TEACHER TRAINING A Sepoel of Liberal Training with Distinct Juntor Cotiece Courses During the winter months he tended the eligious Atmosphere AN library of Harriet Beecher Stowe Schoo Pre-MepICcAL AND VOCATIONAL CouRSEs —— in the afternoons. “il Fer Further Information Address Fer further information eddress And, so four years passed and the time — en 4). NATHAN W. COLLIER, Pres. came for the oratorical contest. Others in the contest had only their own glory at stake in it; he must win for the sake ~ of his people that men might think mort STORER COLLEGE generously of them. HARPERS FERRY, W. VA. If he won, there might be here and Magnificent location of race scenic and historic interest. Junior College, Normal, High there a person in whose heart would be School Courses, Music, Domestic Art, Religious influences, Non-sectarian. sown one seed of tolerance, friendliness Anthony Hall being rebuilt and ready September 1. Funds for a fine new Domestic or respect. Science Building provided and soon to be erected. Oo: QF A Eight were in the contest and he was the sixth to speak. The aude ence was already a bit tired from hear THE PRIDE OF CAROLINA STATE AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGE ing five orations. This was a handicap ae ORANGEBURG, SOUTH CAROLINA ee but he had from birth carried . ORGANIZATION, EQUIPMENT AND COURSES. LEADING TO BACHELOR DEGREES. INCLUDING caps; to be a Negro is a handicap. TWENTY VOCATIONS 4 FIFTY MODERN BUILDINGS AFFORDING AMPLE SPACE FOR DORMITORIES. LARORATORIES. The audience stirred from its yo 1 RECITATIONS AND EXTRA-CURRICULA ACTIVITIES, V AT $1,000,000.00. when the Negro boy launched into 2 FACULTY FROM THE BEST INSTITUTIONS IN AMERICA. FALL SESSION BEGINS SEPTEMBER ; Hi han his own 26, 1928. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE ON REQUEST. oration. is was more than | R. 8 WILKINSON. President. voice, but the voice of all his peopl 248 Tue Chis
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ing for justice. He was speaking of despised minorities; his people was one of them. Wasn't Christ of the speak he asked. Wasn’t Socrates? Galileo? And weren't Christ and Socrates and Galileo persecuted? _ And hadn’t the opinion of mankind vindicated them in the fullnes of time. And when the eight orations had been completed, the judges did not take long to decide that Theodore Berry's was the best. He had beaten through another door for himself; he had gained a glory for his people . . . There are harder doors still to be beaten down. | Next year Theodore Berry will enter law school. MR. McGROARTY AND THE CRISIS OHN STEVENS McGROARTY, who writes an interesting page, “Seen From the Green Verdugo Hills”, for the Sunday Magazine of the Los Angeles, California, Times, and who staged the magnificent pag- eant “California”, has just renewed his subscription to THE Crisis. And this is the way he talks about it in his column : Well, as we were saying, it is amazing the number of-magazines that are turned off the printing presses in this country, and a lot of them maybe not worth reading. Now, we, ourself, have not the time to read more than a few magazines each month. But there is one that we always read. And just the other day we dug up $1.50 for another year’s subscrip- tion to it. We just can’t do without it, if only for our soul’s sake. We think of this magazine as a crystal spring at which we drink. Its literary contents are of the very finest degree of excellence. It contains the best poetry and the purest prose that we are able to find anywhere in current publications. We would gladly go fasting one day in the year to save up $1.50 that we might not be without the delight of this lovely thing. It is a magazine published by Negroes, contributed to by Negroes and managed by Negroes. The American people at large cannot possibly be aware of the great fact that among Negro people of our country there has been created by themselves a marvelous world of their own in which beauty and culture sit enthroned. REACTIONS OMETIMES it is difficult to fathom or predict the sort of re- action that Americans have toward colored people. Here are two which are typical. There is published in Chicago by a lodge of white Masons, a little paper called the Pleodian. From the July, 1927 number we quote the following: One cannot look upon the black race without a keen sense of admiration over July, 1928 Downingtown Industrial and Agricultural School DOWNINGTOWN, PA. (U the Supervisio the Pennsyl- venia of Instruction.) SPECIALIZES in training good workers and good citizens and effers to boys and girls over thirteen years of age Healthy Climate Outside of City Faculty ef College-tra T gener and H Scheel Courses y Supervised Athletic and Recreation For further information write J. H. N. WARING, JR. Principal Judson Douglas Wetmore Attorney at Law | 1440 Broadway New York (Telephone Lackawanna 5494-5) Member of all courts of New York State and of the Supreme Court of the United States, will lend money on Ist, 2nd and 8rd mortgages. Real estate of all — ought, exchanged and sold. The Lincoln School for Nurses in the City of New York offers to young colored women having completed a four year high school and holding a diploma, a three years’ course of instruction in nursing. Capacity of hospital—420 beds. For information apply te: Superintendent of Nurses MISS S. J. FORD Lincoln School for Nurses New York, N. Y. 1882 1927 LANE COLLEGE Jackson, Tennessee A GROWING College with a splendid is tory and a t It offers ses te, ’ ege ome Economics and Pre-Medical subjects. laboratories, con ences and facilities ve Christian influences are supported. For further infor mation address J. F. LANE, President, Jackson, Tennessee. COLORED DOLLS AND NOVELTIES Pretty and Mulatte with Hu- man Hak Curls. They Sleep, Cry. diff 106 other novelties. ee Catalog. AGENTS WANTED BETHEL MFG. CO. Dept. C. 97 South St. JAMAICA, N. Y. Haven Ceachers College For catalog or further information address J. Beverty F. SuHaw, President MERIDIAN, MISSISSIPPI ST. AUGUSTINE’S COLLEGE Raleigh, North Carolina Founded 1867 Conducted under the auspices of the Episcopal Church. A four-year College Course is now being offered, including Pre-Medical and Teacher Training features. A College Preparatory Department, Train- ing School for Nurses, and School for Re- ligious and Social workers are connected with the College. Thorough training, healthy environment, Christian influences. For Catalog and information write The Registrar St. Augustine’s College Raleigh, N. C . THE CHEYNEY TRAINING SCHOOL FOR TEACHERS (A STATE NORMAL SCHOOL) CHEYNEY, PA. A PENNSYLVANIA State Normal School offering, in addition to the regular Normal Academic Course of two years, professional Economics and Shep in Home A diploma from any of these courses makes a graduate eligible to teach in the public schools of Pennsylvania. Fer further information and cataleg, write LESLIE PINCKNEY HILL, Principal CHEYNEY, PA. The Stenographers’ Institute fer" Duncan’s Business School We teach shorthand that one can STENOGRAPHERS EFFICIENTLY TRAINED read and be; typewriting ; students taught to machines by “‘Touch’’ rapidly and accurately; business law is fascinating; and our bookkeeping and filing system is unique. A HIGH STANDARD OF EFFICIENCY educational qualification and willingness to Fall term EMPLOYMENT SERVICE: Free 1227 8. 17TH ST. EDWARD to anybedy—Cleriecal, T. DUNCAN, Principal work incessantly, the course may be begins October |, 1928 Demestic and otherwise. PHILA., PA. 249 WANTED EVERYWHERE a Geed Aute Mechanics, Blacksmiths, Carpenters, Ceeks, Seamstresses, Typists, Stenegraphers, | Bookkeepers. Proper standards of conduct as well as are maintained. Well ‘ | Teachers College Conservatory of Musie A Senier High Scheel of Business Junier High Scheel Scheel ef Heme Eeonomies Training School Accredited er School for Teachers Beautiful Park like Campus Conveniences 19 inches, $5.50 each, $42. doz. Department of cal Education ate ry intra-mural and inter-collegiate athletics {
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WHERE TO STOP THE CRISIS Directory of De- pendable and Clean Hotels. No hotel will be listed here which is not recommended by our friends. If complaints are re- ceived, the hotel will be denied further advertising space. COLUMBUS, OHIO The Plaza Hotel Modern oonveniences, superior rates. We cater to the traveling public. T Adams 9378 LONG sTAREer AT HAMILTON AVENUE service and reasonable YOUNG MEN! When in Chicago stay at the Y. M. C. A. Com- fortable rooms, cafeteria, gymnasium, natato- rium. Employment Bureau fer members. For further information address Y. M. C. A. 5763 Wabash Avenue CHICAGO Visit THE Y.W.C. A. 2460 Welton Street Denver, Colorado Rooms Registry for Denver and Colorado Springs Residence Beautiful Camp Nizhoni in the Heart of the Rocky Mountains SUNSET INN IN THE BERKSHIRE HILLS Great Barrington, Massachusetts NOW OPEN Where sunshine, mountain air and health abound. Come and spend your vacation with us, it will de you good. Home cooking a specialty. Rates rea- sonable. BOOKLET ON REQUEST EDGAR F. M. WILLOUGHBY, Proprietor BOSTON, MASS. ANCRUM SCHOOL DORMITORIES 72-74 West Rutland Square Ideal accommodations for Travelers, Teachers, Students and Summer Vis- itors. Every convenience. Weekly rates reasonable.—Transients $1.50 per day. CAFETERIA THE CRISIS proposes to feature and expand this column. Will our friends write us of their experience and recommend hotels in all leading cities? 250 the wonders they have accomplished. A trifle over a half century ago they were slaves, with undeveloped minds, and for many years thereafter they con- tinued to live in great ignorance and su- perstition. Today we have members of the col- ored race who are high in every walk of life; men who have come from an ob- scure beginning and have amassed great wealth; men who are leaders in every line of business; men who are great edu- cators and are looked up to and re- spected by not only their own race, but by members of the white race. However much we may admire the great progress of the black man, it is a fact, nevertheless, that the two races do not blend. This fact is recognized by the leaders of the black race themselves. Those leaders, highly educated men, are not backward in admitting this fact and likewise admitting that they are working among their’'own race with no desire to mingle with the whites, but merely to help their own people to a greater de- gree of success and to attain higher standards of living. It was our pleasure to attend, very re- cently, the graduating exercises of one of our great public educational institu- tions. Most of the graduates were young white women. There were some white men and some colored men and women. It was with quite a shock that we ob- served in the long line of graduates who filed in, two by two, colored girls walk- ing with white girls. And we nearly fell out of our chair when we observed a great big black, burly Negro promenad- ing along with a sweet looking little white girl for a partner. Turning now to the South we find Eugene Talmadge, Commissioner of Agriculture, of the State of Georgia, taking a trip to New Orleans. On the front page of the Market Bulletin he comments on his experiences. While in the city I visited three of the large hotels, the Montelon, the St. Charles and the Roosevelt. These hotels will compare favorably with the best in Atlanta. I noticed in each of these hotels, that all of their help was white people. White girls running the elevators, white waitresses in the cafes, white bellboys and porters, white door- men and white transportation clerks. There is a large army of ambitious young white girls and young white boys in every city in Georgia, that want and need employment. I would be glad to see some of our hotels take the lead in Georgia and have all white help in these positions. Our girls and boys need the work and it will improve the morale of your hotels. It may seem that I am diverging a little from the topic that I should discuss, in referring to this, but it has been acutely drawn to my atten- tion in the last two and a half months that there are thousands of our white girls and boys that are deserving and wanting work and cannot find it, right in the city of Atlanta. Usually hotel employees in the South are colored. THE NEW COLORED HOT EL 23 NEATLY FURNISHED ROOMS Hotel Bledsoe HOT AND COLD WATER BATHS Service NIGHT AND Day EVERYTHING SANITARY 1618 ANDREW ST. HOUSTON, TEXAS Paeston 9074 -PHONES- 5677.J H. C. Prop. SAM HENINGTON, Mea. It is the Duty of Human Beings to be attractive The EAST INDIA HAIR GROWER will help you by increas. ing the strength and natural! health and beauty of your hair. MME_5.D.LYONS [*® your Hair is Dry and Wiry or if you are bothered with Falling Hair, Dandruff, Itching Scalp or any Hair Trouble, we want you to eh jar of EAST INDIA HAIR OWER. The remedy contains medical properties that go to the roots of the Hair, stimu- late the skin, helping nature do its work. Leaves the hair soft and silky. Per- fumed with a balm of a thousand flow- ers. The best known remedy for Heavy and Beautiful Black Eye-Brows. Also restores Gray Hair to its Natural Color. Can be used with Hot Iron. PRICE SENT BY MAIL, Se. Extra for Postage AGENTS O . | Preeeing 1 Face rection for Selling. $2.66. 25c for Postage S. D. LYONS 316 N. Central, Dept. B. OKLAHOMA CITY, OKLA. UTFIT [ Hatr Grower, 1 Temple 1 Cream and ‘= FREE BOOK Explains rtunities a8 ra Man, Portrait, News or Commercial Photographer. You can leart THe Crisis = ees aes 00 ang 40 Ge
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Paramount artist—will inspire and uplift you with this harmonious and solemn sacred masterpiece, “Judgment Day in the Morning.” You can’t help but feel better for hearing a record like this Paramount No, 12601. Ask for it at your dealer’s, or send us the coupon. 12601—Judgment Day in the Morning and Red Cross The Disciple of Christ, sermons with singing by Moses Mason. Other Inspiring Paramount Numbers NCLE Mose Mason, the singing elder from the Delta Land — now an exclusive ~ 12618-—Old Time Baptism, Part 1, and Old Time 12621—I hope I May Join That Band and Wade In Baptism, Part 2; Sermons by Rev. R. M. the Water and Be Baptised, Lincoln Four Massey. Quartette; Prof. C. H. Pace, Director. ( 12611—Goin’ to Rest Where Jesus Is and ‘Been Listening All the Day, Instru- | mental Trio; Acc. by Blind Joe Taggart. 12589—I Have Anchored My Soul and King Jesus, Stand By Me, Norfolk Jubilee Quartette. 12585—-Where Shall | Be and He Arose from the Dead, Deacon L. J. Bates; | Guitar Acc. 12035—-Father, Prepare Me and My Lord’s Gonna Move This Wicked Race, Nor- folk Jubilee Quartette. A 12217—Ezekiel Saw De Wheel and Crying Holy Unto the Lord, Norfolk Jubilee Quartette. 12234—Where Shall I Be and I’m Gonna Build Right on Dat Shore, / Norfolk Jubilee Quartette. 12416—After a While and Baptize Me, Sermons by Rev. J. M. Gates. 7Z 12630—-His Eye Is on the Sparrow and I Wouldn’t Mind Dying If 7 ns ween Dying Was All, Norfolk Jubilee Quartette. 4 Laecording SEND NO MONEY! Ii your dealer is out of the records you want. us the 142 P | | | ) Par; Send me the records aramount Name Address City State
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LEARN BEAUTY CULTURE This chart was compiled from informa- tion furnished by U. S. Government Census reports of 1924. ofters better security against financial reverses, be- cause of losing your job, failure, sickness or death of your provider. Once trained, you are thenceforth prepared for any such emergency. THE MME. C. J. WALKER SYSTEM OF BEAUTY CULTURE For nearly twenty-five years our sole activity has been perfecting an already superior system of treat- ing the scalp and skin, making and marketing pre- parations with which to do it and teaching this method to women secking a chance to succeed in life. Thousands of women almost everywhere buy- ing homes, rearing families, educating children, having money of their own, enjoying financial in- dependence, vouchsafe how much _ we’vee helped them. We can do as much or more for.you. LIBERAL TERMS Larger Earnings—Better Security. Consider the figures given in the above chart and the fact that many Mme. C. J. Walker Agents earn an aver- age of $50.00 weekly. For the time and money spent in preparation, positively, no profession brings better financial returns than Beauty Cul- ture. Only a few short weeks are necessary to obtain thorough instruction in all the arts of Beauty Culture and a Madam C. J. Walker Diploma. With it your earnings can be what. you desire — ten or a hundred dollars weekly. Not only this, but Beauty Culture MME. C. J. WALKER SCHOOLS OF BEAUTY CULTURE With competent, patient, instruc- each modern, complete in every detail, approved by the state laws are located in the following cities for your convenience. sult one of them or write to us direct. Philadelphia, Pa, Con- 1722 South St. St. Louis, Mo. 3900 W. Belle Place Chicago, Ul. 110 E. 47th St, Kansas City, Mo, 1834 Paseo St. Los Angeles, Cal. 1433 Central Ave. Cleveland, O. 2268 E. 55th Se. New York City 110 W. 136th Street 2580 Seventh Ave. Write to-day for our literature, Achedule of inition fees, etc.: arrange now to make this summer profitable; enroll in one of our thorough, complete, approved schools. Beauty Culture is the trade of no regrets. THE MADAM C. J. WALKER MFG. CO. INC. WALKER BLDG. INDIANAPOLIS, IND. J > 4 » q \ at \ a coe \ \ < 4 1 a’ | 4 | j | |