The Crisis 1929-07: Vol 36 Iss 7

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A MESSAGE FROM GANDHI SUCIAL SCIENCES be a San Me ae ow nn Se RIS EMO LEO Lol oi CRE LE RER ASP OPI EY | ASS Soon os or : , Swe Fee wn Shy ay PLES IEF 5 ROI SEE OPE +e TP" Bo. LOKS) fn Be I : oF 3 <4 Pe rs ry SY, Sie 2s B94 Fee Ss Mae ISS so Pa ee «an JULY, 1929 $1.50 a Year

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UICKER than a flash, at times, joy is turned into sorrow. It is also at such times that the lack of insurance pro- tection proves most embarrassing to the injured person or the bereaved family. The following testimonial gives the bright side to one of these dark pictures. It shows conclusively that insurance is the silver lining when the dark clouds of disaster drop upon us. Norfolk, Va., Bldg. 526-8 E. Brambleton Ave. R. FD. Box 7s Jetersville, Va. Southern Aid Society of Va., Inc. 527 North Second Street Richmond, Virginia Gentlemen: I am taking this opportunity to express my thanks for the prompt payment of the death claim of my daughter, Catherine Saunders, who, along with two other persons, was killed in an automobile accident March 2, 1929 at Plainfield, New Jersey. Her death was a serious blow to me, but I was certainly relieved of much worry by the prompt manner in which you settled her claim. I am wishing you a wonderful success in New Jersey, like you have had in Old Virginia. Thanking you again, I am, Gratefully yours, (signed) Sallie Saunders The above testimonial illustrates only one part of the trinity of insurance pro- tection which One Small Premium provides when placed with the Southern Aid Society of Va., Inc. That one premium entitles the insured to Weekly Benefits dur- ing periods of Sickness or Accident, as well as a Death Benefit to his beneficiary. LP Len Southern Aid Society of Virginia, Inc. Home Office: 525-7-9 N. 2nd Street, Richmond, Va. Operating in Virginia, District of Columbia and New Jersey

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VRVAVAVAVAYAVOVO AAS V, 0A USER W, S08 VON WOR vey >> SQ? \ ere SQ ee Se) ———=S> Zp Q a ——— = — WV} 7 CADICTOI SOO 0 IRE nr Wil i a y J © C-OGO~9C-OECNDC-O AV ig} NX o y & \X) YI \ Fy / Natl Al ) SS ‘) C7 ) Y ©) DICOOND OO OND Uj Hh j N / Vv Wy | o yf] } UI) OQO-OO2 LAIN \ Fi NN ) ly) Qa CIONDC’“OON I CO GND CO Announcing Two Schools for Agency Managers At Chicago, July 8-20 and New York City, iN YN A =~ August 5-17 EBzE= oy, SS e——— L£E Unusual opportunity for in- Wess ets telligent, ambitious, and = > industrious men. No pre- SS 1 WA YANG Yl CUONDC DONIC O Hi Wy \\X Al AN v vious experience required. S ZZ Ss a —> ZZ. WRITE FOR TS | ~~ FULL INFORMATION - wae Rw’ Pe. aN AN “Yi f vA e ome), b 4 a7) Lit £ INSURANCECOMPANY Ss CHICAGO ze ah aN iy Vd July, 1929 me fh 3 i J i} COOABCOCI9IOIGIDC’O ‘Al (j) Spe f\ Oe eS See AWWA AI" /\ A, AS I Ais I Ais MNS | } ( y (| i | WN

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$10,000 IS STILL NEEDED BY LINCOLN UNIVERSITY before July 1, to complete the $250,000 Endowment Fund, and thus se- cure another $250,000 from the General Education Board. Alumni have already subscribed over $52 ,000.

The Diamond Jubilee, celebrating the Seventy-Fifth Anniversary, was held at the College Commencement on Tuesday, may be drawn to the order of Lincoln University. June 4. Checks Address Wm. Hallock Johnson, President LINCOLN UNIVERSITY Chester County Pennsylvania GIFTS WORTHWHILE FOR ALL SEASONS—THE CRISIS BOOK MART

THE Crisis

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BALCH, EMILY @. HILL, LESLIE PINCKNEY :o-. A, -—~»! ccs cabnkebah +oepcnnereen 2.60 ane upied Haiti .......ceccecesseereses 2.00 Toussaint L’Ouverture .......+.e+se+eeee 1.50 Sister Mary ......20--seeccecees 2.50 BRAITHWAITE, W. 8. HUGHES, LANGSTON Pickens, WILLIAM .... Anthology of Magazine Verse for 1928.. 4.00 -»++ Fine Clothes to the Jew .......-.e+--00: 2.00 American Aec@0D .....--.-sseeeeeee 2.08 BROWN. HALLIE @. The Weary Blue® ....-.cceesesseccccces 2.00 pickert, NEWBELL NILES omespun ae Sackceeeeeseesehanetin 3.50 JESSYE, Se i, Felk Beliefs of the Southern Neare...... 5.00 auitocx, RALPH W. gpa My Spirituals. oo. s. oe wee ons a REUTER, E B. In Bpite of Handicaps ce ceteeeeeceesoese 2.00 vote Gia Shute vita OSWALD American Race Problem.......-...+- 2.78 SULLEN, Sounres Recent Gains in American Civilization... 3.00 sCLiOMANN, HERBERT ling Dusk ...-cccccreeccccreccseres 2.50 JOHNSON, siAMES WELDON e _Negro Faces Ameriea .........+++5+ 1.80 Golor Sabb e ehabedbenntese4snees coeesese 2.00 mn Negro Poetry .....ccccrccrscee 75 seiaraieD “ANDRE coe Copper BUM .nccccccccvccccsccvcccsssece 2.00 vo Seniemmaie of an Ex-Coloured Man.. 3.00 erica Comes ef Age .........0+--e0ee 3.08 DABNEY Ww. P. eee “The "Book _—— on nee tmaps azseases = SHREINER, fy oten an . oe erican Negro Spirituals.. 8.50 _.... From Man to Man .......-.--sessersees ove rag Colered Citizens.........+.- oe ’ fhe Second Book of ae Negro SMITH, "REED eof Maggie L. Walker...........-.-- GRINS vncacqnsccssscbabennvavanseus’ 3.50 uth Caroling Ballads ..........-.+++++ 3.00 o&TT, NATHANIEL N 3.00 KING, we J. STEINER and God Religious Folk Sengs ef the Negre...... in American Life.............--- -78 The North Carolina Chain Gang........ 2.08 ou Bors. Ww. E. B. LARSEN, SNELLA STRIBLING, T. 8. "22 Datkwater es: Seseveesccoccccccosececes teks RR 2) Sar Sse Sn 2a 2.60 - Birthright TD ia te ag a Slag .- osesecececsooes . ao PRD} LAIR IEA III OKANO; nce eee e ec cccscsccsscecccces ae -o — of ee Oe een ee 2.00 Locke, ALAIN 00 TAYLOR, A. A. OURANT. €. E. ont ROACH. CM. 200 LOCKE ALAIN, and nd GREGORY, MONTGOMERY ee on ae eaeeat, anruee H. meKAY, CLAUDE Meret ane FNP nN 2.00 URE MEE Tuite scivekuberevhesssinens 1.50 anon ON eg ele os 1.35 VANDERCOOK, J. bar conse eneeeaséeest «cents PAUSES, 51 soe ee ee eA ot CE es abs canes hiiee saa cae 2.50 Black Majesty — 2.58 : SOND i pdthinigkesscadpnt 2.00 MAWLEY. Wi Lia FORD iE EET o7stnnSeernsseeorvcers ‘ on i ELS ee ve ae 2.50 DEMRES nc acccecccvcccodccesecscs 2.00 ie . ‘ 2.58 eenen. RUDOLPH ca Hos METFESeEL. EL. MILTON” aaa vi wisian™ ~ pau (apuashuideh acbedphanen e@ Walle of Jericho .............0-+008 tography in Felk Musie ....... . FISHER. | — —.. aa on mite, N. SARAH. GERTRUDE i wire. ero Laber in the United States....... 60 egro PE iiutstsnianend 50 §§.... The Coming of the Lord ............0.- FLEMING. WALTER L. : Goes EE “soN.caehecedscescachs 2.00 wiirggats t Negro Folk Sengs............. 5.00 Ee teectens Miah ...... 0s 2.00 nae SGM MINDEN. bcs soce.ssanese<sae0 8.50 ALTER eoLL ae. GEORGINA A. R. R. neeen SeheSS tess ASSES DER oEcdSeeseseves 2.58 0 of Eminent Afri 1.25 What the Negro Thinks..................e0. 2.50 oo Fire ee ee 2.58 entEN, ELIZABETH LAY MID: <necenssecsines - opum, nowari D W., and JOHNSON, GUY Oe RN IIE os sca ocs cescvcnscss 3.00 rhe ceatiens aeons - ‘The and Ps sen sdncadannan woooson, CARTER 6. wat Negre porary 1.00 Negro ‘Work Sse scaavecssenss 3.00 e History of the Negre Chureh....... 2.50 ROPALUTD 2 ccccccccccccvccccccccvcccece 5 OLIVIER, LORD ind the Negro 1800- “¥ oeocccccecece 5.00 MERSKOVITS, MELVILLE J. my of African Misery ............. 2.00 «rhe Negro in Our History .............. 3.00 .... The American Negre ........ceeseeeeee 2.00 OViNGTON, MARY WHITE Orators and Their Orations nsovenes 5.00 HEYWARD, DU BOSE on pirennin ao pent sedespenucsopunses 2.00 won, AMONROE nN. seul oe : os eceeccceccccesesccccce . jegrap! ef the Negre sacl I IES. ncn d ns vescniccasnad 2.00 (ok n EE wh eeeshesenss ten endecodces ss 2.50 —" beanbebeNekekes sa 0 ea Subscriptions ee THE CRISIS, One Year $1.50.............cceeeeccceccceeseeesssOPPPORTUNITY One Year $1.50 cooeee THE CRISIS and OPPORTUNITY......... Sieh wi seb tate cele ree alle ee a ets One Year 2.50 “THE CRISIS MAGAZINE, 69 Fifth Avenue, New York City. Enclosed please find my check or money order for $...... im payment for items checked. Send to RL Ghent s6sr cS us eee heh ahs was chine pan oo 656s ERD 8.4560) 000 ¥b0 00 00s 0000 6508 a uwbee kee eat UR Gs tai nana Paes sak dora tecn late a plasm iwch tolouk ecm, s Bhate ..<s. sakes sens Pah aon is ch ss le ets Saab

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HE ATLANTA SCHOOL of SOCIAL WORK Good Paying Jobs for TRAINED NEGROES in Social Work The Atlanta School of Social Work Gives training in every branch of techni- cal Social Work and in addition offers special preparation for the special prob- lems which confront social workers in Negro Communities. > - For Further Information Address the Director Forrester B. Washington, A.M. 239 Auburn Avenue Northeast Atlanta, Georgia Join the N. A. A. C. P. To-day 1899 CO-EDUCATIONAL INCORPORATED 1904 Florida Normal and Collegiate Institute ST. AUGUSTINE, FLORIDA (The Ancient City of Sunshine Lend) Junior HicH Senior HicH TEACHER TRAINING Junior CoLLece CoursEs Pre-MEDICAL AND VOCATIONAL CouRsEs For further infermation address NATHAN W. COLLIER, Pres. Che Cardinal Gibbons Institute RIDGE, ST. MARY’S COUNTY, MARYLAND a. school for Negro youna men and we- en of character and p' of Tunior High School grade lke ie the coming year. General Mechanics, iculture and Be- mestic Science are taught in parallel eourses. Living conditions simple, healthful, well- supervised. For further information, eddress Victor H. Daniel, Principal, Ridge, Maryland 1929 NON-SECTARIAN BEREAN SCHOOL Matthew Anderson, Founder Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ANNOUNCES ITS 31st YEAR OCTOBER 1, 1929 South College Ave. LIVINGSTONE COLLEGE SALISBURY, NORTH CAROLINA An “A” Class College PRESENTS STRONG FACULTY MODERN EQUIPME CO-EDUC TONAL Offers the Following Courses: TEEOLOGICAL Hic Scmoes LiperaL Arts AND SCIENCES Domestic Arts AND SCIENCES Music 4 School of Liberal Frntning wit Distiacs Religious Atmosphere. All “iklesice For Information Address W. J. TRENT, President SHAW UNIVERSITY Founded 1865 Devoted exclusively to College and Theological work. “A” class college having a prontign | in ae gto education. Given graduate standi: mag © z universities of the North. With no hig increasing emphasis is placed upon eoliege Peeters and the promotion of col- = spirit 2 Bas yt and athletics. Degree Ek B.S., Th.B. and B.S. a 2 an Special attention i > given to te ee moderate. pom A tiara NORTH CAROLI July, 1929 Inquiries Invited ‘ Phone: Poplar 6171 A Rare Offer: OPPORTUNITY for one eee: ‘ Ebony and Topaz ‘ BOTH FOR $2.50 “$3.50 OPPORTUNITY for one year $1.50 Countee Cullen's BALLAD OF THE BROWN GIRL..... 1.50 BOTH FOR $2.25 $3.00 FOR THIRTY DAYS ONLY. WRITE — OPPORTUNITY Journal of Negro Life New York City $1.50 2.00 17 Madison Avenue JOHNSON C. SMITH UNIVERSITY (Formerly Biddle University) An “A” Class College for men only. A Standard Theological Seminary. Faculty composed of men representing some of the best colleges and univer- sities of the country. Ideal location. Seventy-five acres of land. Twenty- two buildings. First class equipment. Large endowment. H. L. McCROREY, President Charlotte, North Carolina Index to Advertisers Allen University Atlanta School of Social Work, Inc.. Atlanta University 243 221 247 245 Cardinal Gibbons Institute 221 Cheyney Training School for Teachers 245 Club Caroline 250 . 248 East India Hair Grower............. 245 Edward Waters College............. 247 222 221 Berean School Bethune-Cookman College Burrell Memorial Hospital........... Downingtown I. & A. School....... Fisk University Florida N. & C. Frances E. W. tories Institute Harper Girl’s Dormi- 247 Haldeman-Julius 245 Hotel Dumas 250 Fiotel. Olea: <: . <class she wae Oe Hotel Whitelaw 250 Hampton Institute 246 Hartshorn Memorial College 247 Howard University (2) : 246 Howard, Wesley I 222 Pee Cie canines wsiiaees 249 Johnson C. Smith University 221 243 245 245 Publications........ Jenkins, Knoxville College Lane College Lincoln School for Nurses........... Lincoln Secretarial School Lincoln University Livingstone College ee Pa Utah es cape eae ceveses 2 Meharry Medical College............ 2 Morehouse College WOR WAN COUCH 6 visas ve ened eons 222 Morristown N. & I. College Lyons, Inside Back Cover National Benefit Life Ins. Co North Carolina College for Negroes.. 243 Opportunity Hotel Rust College Plaza St. Augustine’s College St. Mary's School Savoy Shaw University Simmons University Southern Aid Society of Va., , Inside Front Cover College, S.C 243 eae 247 Talladega “Caheee:: 5 ic 5550ikectscas SB TO So oc dee ec eee sees in ee eae Tuskegee N. & I. Institute........... 246 Victory Life Insurance Co.......... 219 Virginia Union University.......... 248 Mme. C. J. Walker Mfg. Co., Inc. Back Cover State A. & M. Stenographers’ Watchman Industrial School ; WS COMES sos a oad wa coatrne ser 248 Y. M. C. A. Wabash Ave. Branch, CHR i ore ck ca tee eee In writing to any advertiser in this mag- azine you will confer a favor on the pub- lishers by mentioning THe Cris!s. 221

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| GREATEST NEGRO BUSINESS ENTERPRISE aiden Fisk University — Summer Session . TWO TERMS i 6 weeks each F June 8th to July 19th \ @ Vr July 22nd to Aug. 30th | (Reduced Rallroad rates) COURSES IN: f Elements of Art A Survey of English Liter- | Public School Drawing ature The General History Art Appreciation j Invertebrate ‘Zoolory = pir "“Year French Vertebrate Zoology First Year German } Physiology and Hygiene College Algebra and Trige- j Elementary High School | Physics | ' nometry Sight-Singing and LEar- Elementary Economics tr ig —— to the Study me = Public School jucation ) Secon Methods of Philosophy Teaching English Administration and Super- Educational Geckew | vision of Teaching Educational Tests and F th ho di lly i he United States | ~~~ Al ey a those who die annually in the Unite ates, Seatiaticn Bible Survey, Cour seventy-five per cent leave no estate whatever; ac- Written ‘Composition Sociology cording to recent statistics. Their families or de- Work, dane tn the Fick Summer Schoo! le, accepted ter pendents are left to shift as best they can. ey lait ation ‘ ae ale THE DEAN, FISK UNIVERSITY You will agree that this is criminal neglect. More than that, Nashville, Tenn. | you will want to make certain that you will be among the shining twenty-five per cent who create an estate to leave behind them. | Wesley I. Howard Concert Violinist and Teacher You can do so with a stroke of the pen. The instant | your application for a policy in the National Benefit, | Ordinary Department, is accepted and the first premium paid, the thing is done. You have created an estate. OPEN FOR ENGAGEMENTS For Terms and Dates Address 2854 Eighth Ave., New York City A number of choices of policy forms are open to you. Whole Life, Ten, Fifteen or Twenty Payment Life, or Endowment. iamdasnidenmnanae MORGAN COLLEGE ° . John O. Spencer, Ph.D., LL.D., President Whatever you choose, you will have an estate with many ad- John W. Haywood, A.M., &.T.D., Dess vantages over any other form of property. No accident can LOCATION:—College town be- rob you of it. Neither fire nor burglar can reach it. More tween North and South. than six million dollars in assets safeguard its assured payment eae Phy oe a = to you. grees. Advanced courses in Edu- —e ene for high Be one of the provident twenty-five per cent who leave school teaching. | honored names and safe, comfortable, protected families wag or - ee oe behind them. Create an estate. dary Schools for the Middle States and Maryland s—by the State Board of Education of Maryland, —by boards of education in other states,—by the University Sen- ate of the Methodist Episcopal Church. POLICY:—Co-educational. FACULTY: — University trained specialists. SITE:—Eighty-five acres, beautiful scenery, athletic fields. DORMITORIES: — Equipped and supervised. SUMMER SCHOOL:—July ‘1-Au- gust 9, 1929. DORMITORIES OPEN:—Sept. 28, REGISTRATION:—F r e h man Week, Sept. 28rd- o7th, Up- per Classes, Sept. 26th, 27th. INFORMATION:—Address Edward N. Wik . Morgan College, Baltimore, For particulars address ~e TheNATIONAL BENEFIT LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY WASHINGTON, D. C. BRANCH OFFICES COVERING 28 STATES aoa, Md. THE Crisis

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THE CRISIS REG. U. S. PAT. OFF. A Record of the Darker Races W. E. Burcuarpr Dv Bois, Editor Volume 36, No. 7 Contents for July, 1929 Whole No. 225 COVER. Adventure. By Bernie Robyson. FRONTISPIECE. Mordecai W. Johnson TO THE AMERICAN NEGRO. By Mahatma Gandhi THE FOUNDING OF THE N. A. A. C. P. By William English Walling THE STROUD’S CELEBRATE THEIR SILVER WEDDING. By Mrs. Lulu Stroud. Illustrated NEGRO AUTHORS AND WHITE PUBLISHERS. Weldon Johnson NEW YORK’S COMMITTEE OF 100. By Inez Richardson Wilson 229 CAPTAIN FLOYD AND CUBA LIBRE. Illustrated THE POET’S CORNER. Poems by F. Marshall Davis, Eunice K. Biddle, Grace E. Barr, John Lovell, Jr., Anita Scott Coleman, Rokeart Heben, Milton Brighte N. A. A. C. P. BATTLE FRONT THE BROWSING READER THE PROBLEM OF SUMMER ALONG THE COLOR LINE. Illustrated POSTSCRIPT EGROES have just won the gen- eral election in England. Oh, no! they didn’t vote, but the Labor Party which triumphed is co-signer of the Brussels declaration of August, 1928. The Congress entirely condemns the principle of racial discrimination in Industry.—Henry Ford is promoting revolution by building a Ford factory and sending $30,000,000 worth of cars to the Soviet Government. Or per- haps he is merely anticipating revolu- tion. — President Hoover evidently means Peace when he says Peace. His Secretary of State tells us that a battle- ship costs $40,000,000. This is about equal to the total endowment of Yale University—Europe and Germany have agreed upon that little bill which the German working people must pay to the world’s millionaires for the priv- ilege of getting killed and licked.— In 1918, Europe wanted 125 thou- sand million dollars of Germany. In 1920, she reduced it to 67 thousand million; in 1921, it become thirty-three thousand million, while today it is agreed upon as nine thousand million dollars. And the Allies won’t get even that—Congress is about to make a present of $100,000,000 to the Sugar ibe. Qa As the Crow Flies eee Trust to be taken out of the pockets of housewives who spend Five Dollars a week for groceries.—The special session of Congress for the relief of the farmer is planning to relieve him by increas- ing the cost of his shoes, his shingles, his clothes, his sugar, his matches, his cocoa, and nearly everything else that the starving merchants sell him.—The National Law Enforcement Commit- tee faces, according to the President, the fact that “no nation can for long survive the failure of its citizens to respect and obey the law which they themselves make.” This is a direct at- tack upon the dear South, which is be- ing re-arranged to cast its vote for the Republican Party in 1932.—The re- actionary majority in the Supreme Court has made two home runs this month. First, it handed over to the railroads about ten billion dollars of your money and mine. And it capped this by declaring that a middle-aged Hungarian woman cannot become a citizen of the United States unless she | mms cee, The August Crisis will be our Education Number which for seventeen years has been the most popular number of THE Crisis. It will also have a Report of the 20th Anniversary Conference of the N. A. A. C. P. In the near future, we shall publish a story by Charles W’. Chesnutt and articles on “The Negro in Medicine’, by Police Surgeon Louis T. Wright, and “The Negro in Law” by W. T. Andrews, Jr. is willing to kill somebody for the Star Spangled Banner.—The body of Sun Yat-Sen, founder of the Chinese Re- public, has moved in state among many millions to its tomb in the Purple Mountain above Nanking; and not even Feng, the “Christian” General and the traitor, Chiang-kai-shek, in their selfish broil, can wake it from its long sleep.—May the ghost of Charles Young stand by Alonzo Parham and Charles Weir, while they suffer hell for their race in West Point and An- napolis—With a cheerful ’tis—’taint and you shall—I sha’nt, the Vatican and Miussulini, have signed their’ Treaty of love in Rome and expansion in Africa.—It is surprising how rich we are: “Eighty-nine thousand million dollars of realized income,” says Pro- fessor Copeland of Cornell. How few of us realize this. Probably because of it, 15,000 American citizens com- mitted suicide last year.—Fifty years of electric lighting. Honor to Edison and some also to Latimer, the colored “Edison Pioneer”.—Berlin can run a profitable farm of 125,000 acres for the people because she has a Labor Party of one million. The Solid South saddles us with the Power Trust. LL LLL The Crisis is published monthly and eoporighiet by the National As- People at 69 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. 15 cents a copy, $1.50 a year. Foreign subscriptions $1.75. The date of expiration of each subscription is printed on the wrapper. When the subscription is due a blue renewal blank is enclosed. The address of a subscriber may be changed as often as desired, but both the old and sociation for the Advancement of Colore July, 1920 new address must be given and two weeks’ notice is necessary. Manu scripts and drawings relating to colored people are desired. They must be accompanied by return postage and while THe Crisis uses every care it assumes no responsibility for their safety in transit. Entered as second class matter November 2, 1910, at the post office at New York, N. Y., under the act of March 3, 1879. 223

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“The 15th Spingarn Medal is awarded to Morpecat Wyatt JOHNSON, PRESIDENT OF Howarp U NIVERSITY, for his successful administration as first Negro President of the leading Negro University of America; and especially for his leadership in securing, during the past year, legal authority for appropriations to Howard University by the government of the United States.” THE Crisis

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To the American Negro A Message from Mahatma Gandhi Mahandas Karamchand Gandhi, the greatest colored man in the world, and perhaps the greatest man in the world, was born October 2, 1869 in India. He finished High School and then stud- ied for three years in England at Lon- don University, and at the Law School of the Inner Temple. Returning, he began to practice law in Bombay, but not being successful, he went to South Africa in 1893, and there his public life began. He gave up the law and devoted himself to the Indian people who were being persecuted along with the natives in that land. He served with the Red Cross during the Boer War, attending friend and foe alike. For twenty years he toiled in South Africa to remove race prejudice. He led his people; he went to jail; he agi- tated; and finally triumphed by gain- ing for the Indians of South Africa a large measure of freedom. At the out- break of the Great War, he returned to India, and although a Pacifist, aided the great war. But when after the war there came repression, the massacre of Amritsar, and the infamous Rowlatt bills, Gandhi was disillusioned. He came out for Home Rule and an- nounced his great Gospel of conquest through peace. Agitation, non-violence, refusal to cooperate with the oppressor, became his watchword and with it he is leading all India to freedom. Here and today, he stretches out his hand in fel- lowship to his colored friends of the W est. Let not the 12 million Negroes be ashamed of the fact that they are the grand children of #re slaves. There is no dishonour in being slaves. There is dishonour in being slave-owners, But let us not think of honour or dishonour in connection with the past, Let us realise that the future is with those who would be truthful, pure and loving. For, as the old wise men have said, truth ever is, untruth never was. Love alone binds and truth and love accrue only to the truly ph Goerl le Sabarmati, lst May, 1929, South African Native Conference for the Elliot Farm School (Page 240) July, 1929 225

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HE National Association for the advancement of Colored People had its origin in 1908 in the pressing need for an organization to combat the tide of race prejudice that was then rising throughout the nation. In the years just preceding race riots had become frequent in the North and there was grave danger that the con- ditions of the South were gradually spreading through the country. My wife and I were in Chicago late in 1908 when the riot occurred in Springfield, Illinois. We took the first train to Springfield and I wrote up the riot and discussed the race situation in its larger aspects in The Indepen- dent, urging the need for a nation-wide effort to combat the evil. A few weeks later my wife and I, just returned from Russia, spoke in Cooper Union and touched on the American race situation—worse, in some respects, than anything in Rus- sia under the Czarism. Having read my Independent article, Miss Oving- ton had come to the lecture and pro- posed at once that we undertake or- ganization. We both knew certain public spirited and influential people in New York who could be interested. Miss Ovington had the advantage, moreover, of personal acquaintance with several prominent colored people. The first of these whose interest we se- cured were Bishop Alexander Walters and Rev. W. H. Brooks. Among the whites I had broached the idea to Charles Edward Russell and Henry Moscowitz. _ Miss Lillian Wald and Mrs. Florence Kelly were also present at the earliest meetings. And in view of the influence and uncompromising attitude of The New York Evening Post we made a special point at the outset of laying the whole project be- fore Mr. Oswald Garrison Villard and of securing his active cooperation. The early meetings were nearly all held in my apartment, located at 21 West 38th Street, in the very center of the city, and in this way we secured the frequent attendance of some very busy people. I shall not undertake to list all those in attendance at these ear- ly meetings. But there were scarcely more than a dozen all told and I be- lieve I have named those who were most active. The National Association was not founded and could not have been founded by any individual. And, in- deed, even the small group I have men- tioned was able to do little until, at 226 The Founding of the N. A. A. C. P. By WILLIAM ENGLISH WALLING There have been several versions of the founding of the N. A. A.C. P. This much is certain»the maga- zine article of Mr. Walling on the Springfield riots was the first step. Mr. Walling himself is the best authority on the steps that fol- lowed. our first national conference, we made arrangements to secure the permanent interest of a colored leader of nation- wide prominence, Dr. DuBois. Until that time our group was merely seeking, with moderate success, to enlist the colored people of the coun- try. We had secured, from the start, the favorable attention of the emanci- pated and advanced elements among the whites. But we all agreed that the organization itself had to give an example of successful cooperation of the races and that it must be founded upon the American principles of self- government and self-development. So I always date the real launching of the organization from the day we secured Dr. DuBois. And I must add that I feel we had a second birth when we secured our present Secretary, James Weldon Johnson. Because of the situation mentioned at the beginning of this sketch I had suggested naming our organ THE Crisis. By this time the worst of the “crisis” had passed. There was no longer any danger that the present South would further spread its new and peculiar institution of organized race prejudice throughout the North. On the contrary, the South was be- ginning to develop a certain humani- tarianism—though not yet a justice— of its own, a humanitarianism still in a rudimentary stage but growing—be- cause it is based solidly on economic common sense. So that the organiza- tion could now turn itself more and more to the object announced in its name, of which I had also been a pro- ponent, the “advancement” of colored people, the securing of equal rights and opportunities in every field and social and economic and political justice—in- stead of mere protection from lynch- ing (inside and outside the courtroom) from peonage and from other violent crimes. As the months passed into years the organization soon began to take its present form. Within the first few years a large part of our present di- rectors entered into office and the pres- ent character and policy of the organ- ization took shape at that time. So that the student of our organization should centre his attention on this pe- riod rather than the first year or two when Miss Ovington and I, alternat- ing as Chairman and Secretary, sup- ported by a handful of others, found it necessary to devote a considerable share of our time to getting the organization on its legs. For no sooner were we nationally organized with an office and a secretary than the association began to get active support, not only from all those of the present directors who date back to that period but from others too numerous to mention in this sketch. But there is one basic Association policy that must be accredited to the little founding group. We were de- termined that our personnel should be chosen on the broadest possible lines. Some of us were and are radicals. But we gave prominence to the conserva- tive editor of the conservative New York Evening Post for that very rea- son and held ourselves in the back- ground. We were determined not to become a little sect but leave our doors open to all colored people who would stand by their race and to all white people who would take their stand with them. We gladly accepted the aid of the conservative, not to say re- actionary, Senator Foraker and we barred no colored citizen of prominence merely because he had critics among certain sections of his race—though there was just that danger at our first national conference when a conserva- tive minority wanted us to adopt stand- ards so high as they thought—or so narrow, as it appeared to us, of the majority—that a large part of our most valuable leaders of to-day would never have been invited or admitted into the ruling circles of our organi- zation had these ideas prevailed. Once this danger had passed, the broad-gauge policy was settled upon and has been consistently followed un- til to-day. 4 This is the spirit—liberal, demo- cratic and representative, not sectarian, radical, or dogmatic, devoted but not fanatical, that distinguishes our organ- ization from so many others and, to- gether with the genius and devotion of its present staff, accounts for its almost uniform success and its bril- liant achievements. THE Crisis | | | o~

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oe ee wee V9 SOS eC R. AND MRS. D. K. STROUD of Colorado Springs, Colorado, recently celebrated their twenty-fifth wedding anniversary quietly at their home. On March the thirtieth, nine- teen hundred four, in Chandler, Okla- homa, Lulu Magee, 22 years of age, of Alton, Illinois and Dolphus Stroud, thirty-two, of Navarro County, Texas, were united in matrimony by the Rev- erend J. B. F. Westbrooks, pastor of the Sweet Home Baptist Church. For four years prior to his marriage, Mr. Stroud had been a teacher in the pub- lis schools of Lincoln County, Okla- homa. For six additional years he con- tinued in this capacity, during which time four children were born to him and Mrs. Stroud. Later, they mi- grated to Colorado Springs, Colorado, where they have remained for the past nineteen years, and where Mr. Stroud conducts a trucking business. July, 1929 The Strouds Celebrate Their Silver Wedding By MRS. LULU STROUD What do we mean when we say that American Negroes are ad- vancing? What becomes of the families who leave the South for the freer North? Here is one con- crete answer written for THE Crisis by a black mother. The couple are the parents of eleven children, all living, six of whom are girls and five boys. Kimbal Stroud, the eldest, who is now Mrs. Goffman and the mother of two boys, graduated from the Colorado Springs High School at the age of seventeen. She has a good husband, a modern two- story home and a motor car. Albert, the second child, who graduated from high school at the age of nineteen, is now operating a trucking business in Maywood, Illinois, a suburb of Chi- The Stroud Family Standing: Jack, Number Nine, Dolphus, Effie Sitting: James, Bobbie, the Father, Rosa Mae, cago. He owns two powerful trucks. Dolphus, the third child, graduated from high school with honors at the age of seventeen, winning a scholarship to Colorado College. In addition to being the only Negro man student at- tending that institution at the present time, he has the highest scholastic aver- age of all the men of the sophomore class. He has also won some distinc- tion in athletics. Some time ago he participated in the Cheyenne Moun- tain Marathon, sponsored by Spencer Penrose, Colorado multi-millionaire, and owner of the Broadmoor Hotel. Dolphus captured eighth place in that event, the first seven places going to Zuni and Hopi Indians from Arizona and New Mexico. Later, while train- ing for the Rocky Mountain Olympic tryouts, he established a new record for the round trip to the summit of Pike’s Peak. While making this rec- the Mother. 227

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ord, he established the second best ever made for the ascent of the mountain and broke the descending record of one hour and _ twenty-nine minutes by forty-one minutes. Last June he cap- tured first place in the five thousand meter race at the Rocky Mountain Olympic tryouts held in Denver. For this feat he received a gold medal. Then, after being forced to hitch-hike his way across the continent to Bos- ton, he participated in the final Olym- pic trials there, though failing to place. In spite of working from six to eight hours every day on the side he is mak- ing a splendid record in college. Effie, the fourth child, graduated from the Colorado Springs High School with honors at the age of seven- teen, winning the Henry Sachs Schol- arship to Colorado College. During her high school career she won first honors in a chemistry essay contest. In the all-state contest she won second honors, for which she received a set of valuable books. She too is a sophomore at Colorado College and is the only colored girl in that institution. Tandy, the fifth child, graduated from high school at seventeen with the highest honors of any of the Stroud children. He too won a scholarship to Colorado College; but, since he pre- ferred to attend a race institution, he is now a freshman at Howard Uni- versity, Washington, D. C. While in high school, he won every cross-country race in which he participated, establish- ing a new record for the course. For this feat he received a gold medal. He won the championship of the South Central League in the mile-run and was placed third in that event at the Boulder relays and State Meet. He is the proud possessor of three beautiful medals and a sweater, as the result of his athletic work. He was also a member of the football squad during his high school days, even though he was the youngest and one of the small- est boys in his class. Jack, the fifth child, a lad of fifteen, is now a sophomore in high school. He graduated from grade school with the highest scholastic average of his class. James, a boy of thirteen, and Lulu, a girl of twelve, are both in the junior high school. Number Nine, a girl of nine years, is in the fifth grade. In the last report she secured the highest scholastic average in the entire school of two hundred and fifty pupils, mak- ing a perfect record of eleven A’s in eleven subjects. Rosa Mae, a girl of seven, is in the second grade. She and Number Nine in their kindergarten days made the highest scores of all the children in the town in a city-wide intelligence test. Bobbie, a girl of four, is the baby and has not yet entered school. This is the record that Lulu Magee and Dolphus Stroud have established. In their twenty-five years of married life they have never been separated from each other for as much as seven continuous days. Please give me space in your paper for this account, as it might prove help- ful to some young couple who are now struggling through some of the diff- culties which my husband and I have conquered. Lulu, Tandy and Kimbal and her husband. Negro Authors and White Publishers By JAMES WELDON JOHNSON EGRO writers, like all writing folks, have many things to com- plain about. Writers have always felt and many of them have plainly said that the world did not fully appreciate their work. This attitude has seldom been justified. The great or good writers who have not been acknowl- 228 edged as such by the generation in which they lived are rare. And where such acknowledgement has not been accorded by the generations which touched an author’s life, posterity has hardly ever revoked the unfavorable judgment. Nevertheless, have writers many good reasons for complaining ; for their lot is a hard one. And it may be that Negro writers have some special good reasons for complaining; I am not sure that at the present time this is so. How- ever that may be, there is one complaint that some younger Negro writers are uttering with greater and greater in- THE Crisis

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rir] In est ool ak- the ine the the est. ind gee ed. ‘ied ted ven \eir hat 0d ure w- int are SIS sistance which I do not think is based on the facts and which reacts to the injury of the writers uttering it. This complaint is: that the leading white publishers have set a standard which Negro writers must conform to or go unpublished; that this standard calls only for books depicting the Negro in a manner which tends to degrade him in the eyes of the world; that only books about the so-called lower types of Negroes and lower phases of Negro life find consideration and acceptance. Now, in the first place, there is a certain snobbishness in terming the less literate and less sophisticated, the more simple and more primitive classes of Negroes as “lower”. At least as liter- ary material, they are higher. They have greater dramatic and artistic po- tentialities for the writer than the so- called higher classes, who so closely resemble the bourgeois white classes. The vicious and criminal elements— and we must admit that even in our own race there are such elements—are rightly termed “lower”, but even they have more accessible dramatic values than the ordinary, respectable middle- class element. It takes nothing less than supreme genius to make middle- class society, black or white, interesting —to say nothing of making it dramatic. But I am jotting down this brief es- say with the prime purpose of pointing out the dangers, especially to young writers, in complaining that publish- ers refuse to consider their work be- cause it portrays Negro life on too high a level. When a writer begins to say and then believe that the reason why he cannot get published is because his work is foo good he is in a bad way. This is the way that leads to making a fetish of failure. It is a too easy explanation of the lack of accomplish- ment. It is this “superior work—sor- did publishers—low brow public” com- plex that gives rise to the numerous small coteries of unsuccessful writers, white as well as colored; the chief function of the members of these co- teries being the mutual admiration of each other’s unpublished manuscripts. This attitude brings its adherents to a position of pathetic futility or ludicrous superiority. Within these seven or eight years of literary florescence I doubt that any first class publisher has turned down first rate work by any Negro writer on the ground that it was not on a low enough level. Now, suppose we look at the actual facts as shown by the books published in these recent years by leading publishers. Let us first take fiction and list the books depicting Negro life on the “upper” levels or shedding a favorable light on the race that have been published: There Is Confusion....... Jessie Fauset Fire In the Flint........ Walter White RM a oink ieaciohs. eae ka Walter White The Prince of Wash- ington Square ....Harry F. Liscomb RIED So coe sas cis Nella Larsen Dark. Princess... ... W. E. B. Du Bois PRS PRIMA cic be sisi c eras Jessie Fauset RMMEMEE is x-exrentsniea 4's Nella Larsen Now, those depicting Negro life on the “lower’’ levels: SBR acca sin Sina +e Hiai5b aes Jean Toomer SOONG DERE. 3. 558 0c Eric Walrond Home to Harlem...... Claude McKay Walls of Jericho........ Rudolph Fisher The Blacker the Berry, Wallace Thurman on ey Claude McKay The score is eight to six—with “Tropic Death’, “Walls of Jericho” and “Cane” on the border line. In non fiction the “upper level’’ litera- ture scores still higher. In that class we have: A Social History of the American Negro..Benjamin Brawley Negro Folk Rhymes. Thomas W. Talley The Book of American Negro Poetry...Ed. James Weldon Johnson The New Negro...... Ed. Alain Locke The Book of American Negro Spirituals. Ed. James Weldon Johnson The Second Book of American Negro Spirituals. Ed. James Weldon Johnson COIOE 46 an cutands renee Countée Cullen Caroling Dusk .....Ed. Countée Cullen Darkwater®.. oi... 5: W. E. B. Du Bois Gift of Black Folk..W. E. B. Du Bois Plays of Negro Life, ' Ed. Locke and Gregory God’s Trombones, James Weldon Johnson Cones: Siititax.s.caee cc Countée Cullen Negro Labor in the United States, Charles H. Wesley A Bibliography of the Negro in Africa and America....... Monroe N. Work What the Negro Thinks...R. R. Moton Rope and Faggot........ Walter White An Autumn Love Cycle, Georgia Douglas Johnson In the other column, in non fiction, we have only: The Weary Blues..... Langston Hughes Fine Clothes to the Jew, Langston Hughes And it must be said that although Mr. Hughes shows a predilection for singing the “lower” and “humbler” classes of Negroes, these two volumes contain many poems that are highly in- spirational. In non fiction the score is nineteen to two. I do not see how any one who looks at these figures can fail to see that the complaint against the publish- ers is not in consonance with the facts. I believe that Negro writers who have something worth while to say and the power and skill to say it have as fair a chance today of being published as any other writers. New York’s Committee of One Hundred INEZ RICHARDSON WILSON URING the year of 1924, a group of New York women known as “The Committee of One Hundred” gave a very successful benefit for the National Association for the Advancements of Colored People under the _ leadership of Mrs. Helen Curtis. They were not at that time known as a _ per- manent auxiliary, but on finding their group to be particularly interested in promoting benefits for the National July, 1620 Association and unusually enthusiastic, they decided to form themselves into a permanent organization to be known as the Committee of One Hundred Women, Auxiliary to the N. A. A. C. P. This Committee was organized on May 10th, 1924, at a luncheon meet- ing. A Constitution was drawn up with the assistance of a National Offi- cer and standing committees formed. These committees, known as Member- ship, Entertainment, Publicity, Edu- cational, Legal Redress, and an Ad- visory Board made a working nucleus for the promotion of plans to be pre- sented to and voted on by the general body. The Entertainment and Member- ship Committees have been of the greatest importance because our efforts have been confined particularly to the business of raising money for the Na- tional Office. During the past two (Will you please turn to page 245) 229

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Captain HE writing of history is curious business. It is not simply “lies agreed upon” that makes the part of the American Negro in history un- known or forgotten; it is more often a little matter of emphasis. One does not talk of Estevanico simply because most historians fail to mention that this black man was the discoverer of the Southwest United States. They do not deny it; they merely forget it. One does not say that the 5th of March, commemorating the death of Crispus Attucks, was the first national Amer- ican holiday. It is true, but, says the average historian, what of it? And so the part which Negroes, and Amer- ican Negroes, played in the freeing of Cuba from the domination of Spain was a matter quite well-known at the time, but today almost forgotten. It was not only Maceo and his dark fellows in the field that freed Cuba. There were Negroes in America that helped with arms and men, and fore- most among them was Captain James W. Floyd of Jacksonville, Florida. There were during the Cuban re- volt Cuban clubs with colored mem- bers in New York, Chicago, in all Southern cities, and particularly in the cities of Florida, like Tampa, Jackson- ville and Key West. They contributed 10% of their wages for years to the Revolutionary Fund. Their leader for a long time was José Marti, who, at the end of the 10-years’ war, took refuge in New York. He was killed in 1895. Palma, then teaching a school in New York State, succeeded Marti as the American representative and became active in smuggling arms from America to the Revolutionists. ‘There was much treason, bribery and double-crossing in this work, and many persons and boats took part, but the success of the whole smuggling campaign depended largely on Captain James W. Floyd. An ocean-going tug, called the “Dauntless”, was purchased by the Cuban Junta from the Brunswick Navigation Company for $30,000 in 1896. It was a new and fine boat, measuring 125 feet, and capable of making 13 knots an hour. James W. Floyd, a colored Jackson- ville pilot, with a Master’s license, was made mate of the “Dauntless” with the understanding that the white Captain, who was in the tug when she was pur- chased, should be in command until he found the place too dangerous. In that case, Floyd was to become Cap- tain. As a matter of fact, the white Captain made only two voyages. After that, Floyd became Captain, and from 230 This is a story of the Cuban Revolution, showing that Cuba gained her freedom, not simply by the leadership and help of her Negro citizens, but also by the co- operation of an American Negro sea Captain. Captain Floyd and his Cuban medals. that time until war was declared by the United States against Spain, the “Dauntless” and Captain Floyd were the chief means of furnishing the Cu- ban revolutionists with arms and am- munition. The “Dauntless” made in all eleven landings of arms and men in Cuba without the loss of a man or rifle. In the official histories of the Ameri- cans on the Spanish War, the name of Captain Floyd is not mentioned, but Cuba never forgot him, and whenever you hear about what the “Dauntless” did for Cuban freedom, remember that Floyd was its Captain. The first voyage of the “Dauntless” was to take Fred Funston and a load of arms from Florida to Cuba. On this voyage Floyd was mate. The “Dauntless” was lying at the landing below the railroad bridge at Woodbine on the Satilla River under a full head of steam. A tug gave her an extra supply of coal and at sunrise they were off for Cuba. The Spanish Govern- ment, suspecting an expedition, had protested at Washington, but while Government agents were watching at Charleston and Jacksonville, the “Dauntless” left from Woodbine, August 14th, and three days later they dodged a Spanish gunboat and landed Floyd and Cuba Libre a Cuban General and his men, to- gether with Funston and a load of arms ashore 12 miles east of Nuevitas, Cuba. Within a week the “Daunt- less” landed three such cargoes and then headed for Key West and Bruns- wick, Ga., with Floyd as captain. She was promptly seized by the Cus- tom House authorities at Brunswick, but freed because no evidence was sub- mitted to the court. In fact, the local officials were in sympathy with the Cuban revolution. On October 26th, the ‘Dauntless again landed a cargo of men and arms, which had been brought down by spe- cial train, east of Cienfuegos. The Government at Washington was much incensed at this breaking of the Neu- trality Laws and the revenue cutters began to get busy. The “Dauntless” was ostensibly sold and used for a while as a tow-boat between Jackson- ville and the mouth of the St. John’s river; but, of course, the Cubans had reserved the right to buy her back. Early in 1897, the “Dauntless” took over a cargo which another boat had failed to land. In spite of many mis- haps, the cargo was landed on the morning of January 3rd near Cape Corrientes, where the mulatto Maceo was leading the Revolutionists. An- other cargo with General Nunez and twenty men and arms were landed May 21st, ten miles east of Nuevitas. In all these cases the “Dauntless” innocently left Florida without cargo and re- turned without cargo, so that it was difficult to prove that she had been to Cuba. Later, two carloads of arms and am- munition were secretly shipped down to Fort Lauderdale near Miami, put on a coaster and transferred to the “Dauntless” at sea. They were chased by a third-class cruiser named the Marblehead. The confidential navi- gator on board the coaster disagreed with Floyd as to what vessel it was. Floyd advised running for the Bahama banks, but the officials on the tug wait- ed until it was too late. Nevertheless, the “Dauntless gave her a chase and the Commander informed Washington that he had to put on full steam in order to overhaul it. Afterward, the government took measurements of the “Dauntless” in order to discover the secret of her speed. When the “Dauntless” was cap- tured, a Lieutenant boarded her and called for the Captain. Floyd stepped forward and asserted that he was in search of a wreck, and that he had no idea the cruiser was pursuing until she began to drop shells. Tue Crisis

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is- eo vi- p- nd ed no he I “What are these boxes?’ asked the Lieutenant, pointing to the boxes of ammunition. “Sardines,” said Floyd, innocently. The officer returned to the Cruiser taking Floyd with him and the Captain examined him again. The “Dauntless” followed the cruiser to Key West where Captain Floyd and all of the smugglers were ordered arrested for organizing a military expedition against a friendly power. They were all released after trial and the ‘“‘Daunt- less’ went back, finished the transfer- ring of arms, and started again for Cuba. This time she was partly disabled by an explosion of her boiler and was towed back to the Florida reef by the same boat from which she had taken the cargo. Afterward, she was towed to Key West by the revenue cutter Col- fax. The “Dauntless” had a full load on board but before arraignment, they were towed to Jacksonville for repairs. Then the boat, instead of returning di- rectly to Key West went outside the harbor and up to Brunswick, Georgia. By the time it had finished this running about no evidence of any kind was found on board and the crew was set free. After that, the arms were re- shipped, and finally landed in Cuba October 10th. This escapade made the “Dauntless” and her Captain notorious, and the Spanish Minister declared that but for the aid thus given the Cubans the re- volt would have been suppressed long before. Several warships, including the Maine and Marblehead had been patroling Southern waters against this one little tugboat and it was estimated that the Navy had spent a million dol- lars to stop the filibustering. The “Dauntless” continued dodging about and landing cargoes in Cuba and orders were telegraphed Captain Sigs- bee, who commanded the Maine, to keep his eye on this boat. Six weeks later, the Maine was blown up in the Spanish harbor. On the night of Feb- ruary 16th, about twenty-four hours after the explosion of the Maine, the “Dauntless”, leaving in a thick fog, landed a twelve-pound gun and other arms inside the harbor at Matanzas. On returning, the ‘Dauntless’ was seized by the Government but the pro- ceeding was perfunctory, as war against Spain was declared April 25, 1898. In 1927, the Cuban government de- termined to reward the foreigners who had helped in Cuban freedom, and among those who were given medals and certificates was Captain James Floyd. The orator of the occasion said: “Cuba has, to a certain extent, paid her debt to those brave men who helped The Dauntless. her when she was crushed under the heel of the tyrant and trying hard to shake the oppressing weight of despot- ism. To these brave and good men, we owe much. They, together with the emigrados, made possible the inde- pendence of Cuba. And Cuba could never forget, as it has not forgotten, the help tendered her in those terrible days of struggle and frightfulness gone now never to return again. “T said that Cuba owed much to these men and to the emigrados. This may savour of ingratitude to the great and glorious army of liberators, but, of course, this could never be thought of. Truly the armies of Free Cuba did mightily. They were ragged; they were hungry; they were tired and sick; they hardly had arms and munitions to fight their enemies who were in over- whelming numbers; almost no medi- cines to fight the terrible diseases of the jungle—malaria and dysentery; and yet, they hung on like lions and fought like demons against the well-fed and better equipped armies of Spain. But those which arms they had, that scant supply of ammunition, that infinitesi- mal provision of medical stores,was sup- plied by the emigrados and carried over the seas by men like Captain James W. Floyd. And that, friends of Cuba, is something we have never forgotten and it is not likely we will ever forget. (Will you please turn to page 247)

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l % The Slave By F. MARSHALL DAVIS (For A Bass Viol) ERE was titanic sorrow condensed in the ebony splendor of a black man’s face. Here was a form on which the mark of a parasite civilization had been branded burning deeply exposing a soul contaminating it with the purple of sadness. Should not a soul sing of joy? Should not a soul sing of peace? “Lord, deliver me You helped Daniel You helped David You helped Moses, too Lord, let my people go.” Here was sadness carved on a black man’s soul. Color Blind By EUNICE K. BIDDLE LACK! This skin is black. Not from a choice of mine But through a quirk, a crazy chance of fortune. Yet daily they scourge me As though I were to blame; Lash me with their scorn, Mock me with their tongues, Scuff me with their feet, Those lighter ones, Whom fate in kinder mood Took time to bleach. Nor do they stop to think, That underneath this skin A heart beats and a soul struggles for life, Bruised by every smirk, bleeding from their words. They cannot see—the color blinds them. To a Colored Boy By GRACE E. BARR MBER pixy, Author of dark mischief— My heart goes out to you; Other children Smile at your antics now; Dusky laughter Bursts from your impish lips Will you turn old When you first know the pain Dark pigment brings? 232 Girls I Know By JOHN LOVELL, JR. YES The lazy sweep of falling rockets against the full, dark sky (Madeline) The gleaming flick of hungry flames that pale dense clouds of smoke (Clarissa) The cozy roar of burning pine-brush, smokeless, swift (Betty) The softness in the sunset (Edna) The light-cloyed flush of dawn (Justine) The silver of the furbished Mountain peaks at noontide. (Angie) Voices The whispered toll of muffled church- bells in the dark (Betty) rapid clink of office rattlers, clear and liquid (Hazel) The tone of rolling school bells, cheerful, rich (Frances) mellow ring in birds’ throats (Clarissa) The The The tinkling purl of streams (Elaine) The rickling, painted music Of the sweet, melodic chimes (Angie) Shapes The stretching quiet East on fire to kiss the Dawn (Pearl) A tall unbending pine; a weeping willow (W ilhelmina-Gwendolyn) A gay and bright-eyed comet-siren ogling the moon (Marjorie) A “Venus of the Andes” (Angie) A silent glistening cello (Edythe ) A sleek gazelle poised On a moon-swept crag. (Clarissa) The Dust of the Streets By ANITA SCOTT COLEMAN UT of the dust of the earth men are made. Even now our feet tread on The minute particles of forms of unborn men, Here in the streets. And men will come To tread upon our breasts When they are stilled, After aeons of time have sifted us Into the dust of streets. I Did Not Know By ROKEART HEBEN | WAS young when love came, I did not know, I did not know. So I trusted love in my silly youth, But now I know the awful truth, Love can be sad; love can be false, But then, I did not know. I’d heard these things from heads now gray THE POET'S CORNER But thought, they know little of this day, So I gave my heart to the last drop of blood, It was crushed and trodden into the mud. But I was young when love came, I did not know, I would not hear. I'd fain give this truth to the silly youth— Who do not know, who do not know; But we are all alike I will agree, We, mortals, will believe only that we see. I was so young when love came, I did not know. I would not hear. Brown Youth By MILTON BRIGHTE ERHAPS in Africa An ancient replica Of me, with sinews black Stalked down some tangled track In search of meat, with ear Alert for danger near. Down from the jungle skies A sun, tinged with strange dyes Would drop its awful heat Where velvet, taloned feet So lately fell. Not I All naked ‘neath the sky, But savage black and odd Would raise his hands to God Then dance a wanton dance Within some tomtom trance. This day I’m far from where My fathers drank the air, While in mad ecstacy They whirled. No verdant tree Whose hair is pale by moon, Or burning gold at noon Excites my limbs to leap Or bend, until mild sleep Makes me satiate. No Thought now could ever go Back to my father’s home, Where o’er the leafy loam Strong bodies walked. When lights Of halls, when moons of nights Are strongest, when horns blow Their jazz, now all will know— No dream of Congo marsh Where tiger, roaring harsh Comes to drink, enters me. I do not want to see My image, rippling on Some pool, naked. At dawn I do not want to hear A tomtom, knowing fear For some ferocious beasts Or maddened soul whose breasts Tenant wilder hearts. Go Back now to long ago— To years I do not know, There with rhythmic dance slow A wild, strong youth you'll see— Dead replica of me. THE Crisis

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ar. vw —_ THE N.A.A.C.P. BATTLE FRONT ué 20TH YEAR TRIBUTES HAT the world thinks of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People pro- foundly matters to the continuance of its work. Standing for “the world”, are leaders in various professions and in cultural life. On the threshold of its Twentieth Anniversary Conference, in the midst of a campaign to raise $200,000 that its work might be car- ried forward and extended, the N. A. A. C. P. asked leaders in various parts of the world to say what they thought of its record. Will W. Alexander, Atlanta, Di- rector of the Commission on Inter- racial Cooperation: May I offer my congratulations and best wishes to the N. A. A. C. P. on the approaching Twentieth Anniver- sary? Some such movement as the N. A. A. C. P. was inevitable and necessary. The vigilance of the Association in protect- ing Negroes from exploitation and in- justice has been of great value, not only in the specific cases which have been handled, but also in serving notice that such things will not go unchallenged. The Association has rendered a valu- able service in its constant emphasis upon the national aspects of lynching and mob violence. The development of a national conscience on this question was a necessary part in any program for ridding the country of the evil. The work of the Association in giving pub- licity to certain individual cases of mob violence has helped to give right- minded people a consciousness of the hideousness of the whole procedure. The Association, largely under Ne- gro leadership, has given great encour- agement to Negroes and helped to stim- ulate initiative among them in solving their own problems. The importance of this is obvious. Initiative in dealing with one’s own problems is the surest way out. The Association has helped to train and develop important Negro leaders. It is doubtful if in any other field these men would have found as much free- dom for self-expression and develop- ment as has been given them by the Association. In the use of the Spingarn medal, the Association has turned the light of national understanding and apprecia- tion upon Negroes whose good work July, 1929 At the May Meeting of the Board of Directors of the N. A. A.C. P., the following resolution was passed by a rising vote: The Board of Directors wishes to record its deep sense of loss in the death of Paul Kennaday. Mr. Kennaday took part in our Second Conference in 1910, was elected to the Board of Directors in 1911, and was one of the incorporators of the Association. He has been a faithful comrade and co-worker, and his deep, intellectual interest in the many difficult problems of our organization will be sadly missed. Resolved that a copy of this res- olution be sent to Mrs. Kenna- day; also that it be published in THE Crisis. entitled them to a recognition, regard- less of race and color. This was a much-needed emphasis. It is of the highest importance that the nation should realize that Negroes can do in a first-class way any work which other men can do. The awarding of the Spingarn Medal has not only empha- sized this in the mind of white Amer- ica, but has been a means of increasing the confidence of Negroes in their own ability to do first-class work. Charles A. Beard, historian, teacher, author “The Rise of American Civili- zation”, and other works on history: On the occasion of its twentieth an- niversary the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People in- The 20th Annual Conference of the N. A. A. C. P. will meet at Cleveland, Ohio, June 26th to July 2, 1929. The headquarters will be at Mount Zion Congregational Church, East 55th Street and Cen- tral Avenue. The day sessions will take place at this church and mass: meetings will be held at Shiloh Baptist Church, St. John A. M. E. Church, and the Public Auditorium. Among the speakers will be the Mayor of the city, Nannie H. Bur- roughs, Charles §. Johnson, Mrs. Sallie W. Stewart, Judge Ira W. Jayne, the Honorable Hamilton Fish, Dr. Mordecai W. Johnson, Honorable Oscar DePriest, Mr. J. E. Spingarn, the officers of the As- sociation and others. vites the special consideration and sup- port of the American public. Many- sided in its activities, the Association appeals to every type of human sym- pathy. Even the conservative citizen who thinks that one phase of its work is unwise or of doubtful utility can certainly find another that corresponds to his or her sense of right. Ranging in its interests from the prevention of lynching and peonage to the encour- agement of creative achievements in the arts by Negroes, the Association, in fact, calls for aid in various lines. By way of illustration, it naturally lays great stress on the maintenance of the civil rights guaranteed to all by law and lends assistance to Negroes who are without financial resources in de- fending themselves. The importance of such work is self-evident. If anyone has any doubts on this score let him read R. H. Smith’s Justice and the Poor (Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching) and dis- cover how difficult it is for the poor in purse to employ competent lawyers. Countee Cullen, poet, editor ‘“Car- oling Dusk”, author “Color”, and “Copper Sun”: I can conceive of no organization that is playing a more constructive and important role in Negro life than the National Association for the Advance- ment of Colored People. From one end of the land to the other it has since its inception waged an unremit- ting battle in defense of the colored step children of America. A steady if sometimes disheartening march has broken down barrier after barrier, so- cial iniquity upon social iniquity, and has actually in numberless cases forced a more accurate interpretation of the American Constitution. To support this organization should be a matter of pride for every Negro, rather than one of compulsion or tedious persua- sion. Sinclair Lewis, novelist, author “Main Street”, “Babbitt”, ‘“Dods- worth”, and other novels: This is not so much an appraisal of the work of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored Peo- ple as a rather sorrowful acknowledge- ment that, in the considerable stress of novel-writing, I have been unable to give myself to this work. For, while I know but little of the details of its actual work, I know a (Will you please turn to page 247) 233

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he | |THE BROWSING READER | % HAVE just read Claude McKay’s three novels: “Banjo”, (Harp- er’s), Nella Larsen’s ‘Passing’, (Knopf), and Wallace Thurman’s “The Blacker the Berry” (Macauley). The first two novels are second ad- ventures in fiction; the one by a poet; the other by a new writer. The third, has been the basis of a rather success- ful popular musical show. BANJO LAUDE McKAY’S “Banjo” is a better book than ‘“‘Home to Har- lem”. It is full of experience, vivid, and, of course, colorful as all McKay’s work must be. It is described as “‘a story without a plot’, but it is hardly even that. It is in no sense a novel, either in the nature of its story or in the development of character. It is, on the one hand, the description of a series of episodes on the docks of Mar- seilles; and on the other hand a sort of international philosophy of the Ne- gro race. It is this latter aspect which seems to me to make it of most value. The first aspect of the book is neg- ligible. It is really a continuation of experiences like Jake’s in “Home to Harlem”. Here are a lot of people whose chief business in life seems to be sexual intercourse, getting drunk, and fighting. Their comments on this kind of life are picturesque, but there is nothing intriguing and there is a great deal of repetition. The characters, while minutely described, do not stand out. Even, the Arab woman, Latnah is vague and unfinished, while Banjo himself lacks even the interest of Jake. Ray, alone, (a character taken over from the foimer novel), seems like flesh and blood, and probably is largely a counterpart of the author. The race philosophy, on the other hand, is of great interest. McKay has become an international Negro. He is a direct descendant from Africa. He knows the West Indies; he knows Harlem; he knows Europe; and he philosophizes about the whole thing. He speaks of Ray’s urge to write: “He was always writing panhandling letters to his friends, and naturally he began to feel himself lacking in the free splendid spirit of his American days. More and more the urge. to write was holding him with an enslaving grip and he was beginning to feel that any means of achieving self-expression was justi- fiable.” 234 He defends plain talk about Negros: “I think about my race as much as you. I hate to see it kicked around and spat on by the whites, because it is a good earth-loving race. I'll fight with it if there’s a fight on, but if I am writing a story—well, it’s like all of us in this place here, black and brown and white, and I telling a story for the love of it.” With the characteristic reaction of the West Indian who does not thor- oughly know his America, he is bitter about “society” Negroes in America and contrasts them with the society he saw in the West Indies: “In my home we had an upper class of Negroes, but it had big money and prop- erty and power. It wasn’t just a moving- picture imitation. School-teachers and clerks didn’t make any ridiculous pre- tenses of belonging to it. I could write about the society of Negroes you mean, if I wrote a farce “Tf you think it’s fine for the society Negroes to fool themselves on the cheap- est of imitations, I don’t. I am fed up with class. The white world is stinking rotten and going to hell onit . . . “The best Negroes are not the society Negroes. I am not writing for them, nor the pork-chop-abstaining Negroes, nor the Puritan Friends of Color, nor the Negrophobes nor the Negrophiles. I am writing for people who can stand a real story no matter where it comes from.” Turning from such bitter criticism of his own race, he slashes at the whites : “You don’t know why the white man put all his dirty jokes on to the race? It’s because the white man is dirty in his heart and got to have dirt. But he covers it up in his race to show himself superior and put it on to us. The Yankees used to make jokes out of the Germans. Then when the Germans got strong enough to stop that, they got it out of the Irish and Jews. When the Irish and Jews got too rich and powerful in politics, they turn to Italians and Negroes.” And finally comes this evaluation and comparison: “All the things you say about the Ne- gro’s progress is true. You see race prejudice over there drives the Negroes together to develop their own group life. American Negroes have their own schools, churches, newspapers, theatres, cabarets, restaurants, hotels. They work for the whites, but they have their own social group life, an intense, throbbing, vital thing in the midst of the army of whites milling around them. There is nothing like it in the West Indies nor in Africa, because there you don’t have a hundred-million strong white pressure De that just carries the Negro group along with it. Here in Europe you have more social liberties than Negroes have in America, but you have no warm group life. You need colored women for that. Women that can understand us as human beings and not as wild over-sexed sav- ages.” As a book of racial philosophy, “Banjo” is most inspiring. And for this very reason perhaps ‘““The Home to Harlem” aspect,—the dirt of the docks and the maudlin indulgence, fades away as the book evolves, and Banjo himself becomes almost a for- gotten person when he returns from working in coal to take up his role as hero. PASSING ‘ ELLA LARSEN’S “Passing’’ is one of the finest novels of the year. If it did not treat a forbidden subject—the inter-marriage of a stodgy middle-class white man to a _ very beautiful and = selfish octoroon—it would have an excellent chance to be hailed, selected and recommended. As it is, it will probably be given the “si- lence”, with only the commendation of word of mouth. But what of that? It is a good close-knit story, moving along surely but with enough leisure to set out seven delicately limned char- acters. Above all, the thing is done with studied and singularly success- ful art. Nella Larsen is learning how to write and acquiring style, and she is doing it very simply and clearly. Three colored novelists have lately essayed this intriguing and ticklish sub- ject of a person’s right to conceal the fact that he had a grandparent of Ne- gro descent. It is all a petty, silly mat- ter of no real importance which an- other generation will comprehend with great difficulty. But today, and in the minds of most white Americans, it is a matter of tremendous moral import. One may deceive as to killing, stealing and adultery, but you must tell your friend that you’re “colored”, or suffer a very material hell fire in this world, if not in the next. The reason of all this, is of course that so many white people in America either know or fear that they have Negro blood. My friend, who is in the Record Depart- ment of Massachusetts, found a lady’s ancestry the other day. Her colored grandfather was a soldier in the Revo- (Will you please turn to page 248) THE Crisis

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long 10re ‘oup hat. man sav- phy, for ome the nce, and for- rom e as O all folk the problem of summer, rest and change, of vacation and recreation, is a difficult one., There is the matter of cost and time, and ab- sence from regular work, and all kinds of kindred problems. To the American Negro there comes, of course, the additional problem of race discrimination in amusement, and it comes most awkwardly because when one is searching for rest and renewal of strength, this is about the last time that one wants to settle social prob- lems, or indeed to come in contact with them. For this reason, American Ne- groes for a long time were timid about their vacation plans; but of necessity they have had more and more to face the problem. This is a sort of tenta- tive survey of the way in which they do it. The mass of them, like the mass of white folk, stay home in summer as in winter for economic reasons. Only, in the case of the Negroes, the proportion is larger because they are a poorer peo- ple. In the South, they are either ex- cluded from public parks, or from parts of them, like the playgrounds, pools, boats, etc. In some cases, separate parks have been laid out for Negroes. But usually such parks are so bare and ugly that they attract few people. In some Southern cities, and in most Northern cities, the parks are open, and the colored people use them to some extent for picnics and outings. The commercial amusement parks usually discriminate a great deal, although col- ored people frequent places like Coney Island all over the country. Curiously enough, Negroes have special difficulty about bathing in the sea. The reason is obvious, just as there is less discrimination in the movies be- cause the movies are dark and dark skins invisible, so there is more dis- crimination in bathing, because more dark skin is inevitably visible. There is an increasing tendency to travel. Several score of Negroes go abroad every year, mostly during the summer. In latter years, these trips have been conducted in several cases in groups. Usually, Negroes go singly and by couples. They meet some dis- crimination. The steamship companies try to keep down the proportion of Ne- groes so as not to invite opposition. If there are more than one or two colored folk, they may find themselves segre- gated in the dining room. But this dis- crimination is not usually very pro- nounced, and sometimes is quite un- noticeable. In all trips to the West Indies there is pronounced discrimina- July, 1929 The Color Problem of Summer tion. On the boats of the United Fruit Company it is impossible for an ac- knowledged Negro to get a real first- class cabin. Once abroad, and the black tourist is freer. He may find some difficulties in the cheaper hotels of London and Paris, but for the most part, he can get the accommodation that he wishes to pay for. In the West Indies, there is more discrimination. The newer hotels ca- tering to American trade, exclude him absolutely. To the other hotels, he is usually admitted. In the United States, the automo- bile has, of course, transformed travel for the Negro. The motorcar enables him to avoid the wretched “Jim-crow” railway cars and widens the circle of possibilities for his outing. These pos- sibilities, however, are still limited. In certain parts of New England, New York State, the upper Middle West and the Northwest, a colored man could tour with his family and find accommodation without too great diffi- culty. He can use the automobile parks; he can put up at many of the less pretentious hotels, and, on-~ the whole, and unless the numbers are large, his difficulties will not be enough to spoil the trip. This is even more true in Canada, where discrimination would be the exception. In the lower latitudes of the United States, discrimination appears in various forms and is met by hotels and boarding houses which cater particularly to col- ored people. At Oak Bluffs, Martha’s Vineyard, there is a hotel and many boarding houses which draw a consider- able number of the better class of Ne- groes. Newport has its colored board- ing houses and there are a few in the Berkshire Hills. Along the beaches of Massachusetts and Connecticut it is possible to find good accommodations here and there, althought this is not always true. In the Adirondacks and the Catskills, the ordinary hotels do not always discriminate and there are, par- ticularly in the Catskills, a few colored boarding houses. Jersey is always a hot bed of race dis- crimination, as it is of other backward tendencies. In Spring Lake, Asbury Park, Atlantic City and Cape May, there are excellent first-class colored hotels, clean and not very expensive. This has been a development of the last five years. In all these places, there is difficulty about bathing. In Asbury Park, for a long time the colored people were con- fined in one rather disreputable end of the beach, and while this is theoretically abolished, still in all Jersey resorts eco- nomic retaliation faces the colored peo- ple: if they insist upon bathing with the white people, the hotels and em- ployers regularly threaten to discharge their colored help. The situation in’ this respect is pe- culiarly acute in Atlantic City. For a while, ten years ago, it was impossible for a Negro to put his foot in the ocean; then there came a colored ho- tel, Wall’s, where excellent bathing accommodations could be had. When this was bought out, owing to natural expansion, the Negroes began to bathe where they wished. Today, they bathe mainly at certain points near Indiana Avenue; but the city is very much exercised over this and wants to put up a special Negro bath house. But where should this bath house be? Nobody can decide; especially the real estate interests cannot make up their minds. Maryland gets its outings on Chesa- peake Bay, chiefly by boat rides and boarding houses in the hills. The Dis- trict us: Columbia has a beautiful cot- tage city at Arundel. Virginia has one hotel at Buckroe Beach near Hamp- ton. From Virginia South to Florida, there is practically no place for colored people to find summer amusement, ex- cept the hotel at Ashville in North Carolina. The mass of the city folks in the Carolinas, Georgia and Ala- bama, may go out to the country here and there, but the lawlessness of the country whites, and their dislike of see- ing a Negro dressed up, makes that often an unpleasant pastime. On the Gulf Coast, there is Gulf- side, Mississippi, a summer resort es- tablished by Bishop Jones of the M. E. Church. New Orleans Negroes are practically shut out from the sea and parks and the same seems to be true in Texas. The more well-to-do Negroes of this part of the country come North in their automobiles during the sum- mer, going to the colored hotels on the Jersey Coast, or touring the far North, or visiting the boarding houses in Har- pers Ferry and in the Virginia and West Virginia mountains. Kentucky and Tennessee, Arkansas, Oklahoma and Missouri have no par- ticular summer resorts for colored peo- ple save as they visit each other, or go to farms, or tour outside their districts. In winter and spring, Arkansas has two excellent hotels and bath houses at Hot Springs. The Middle West has its greatest single resort at Idlewild, a Michigan resort that has been de- veloped around a lake, with hotels, cot- (Will you please turn to page 250) 235

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i ALONG THE COLOR LINE | EUROPE @ It is said that the Socialist Party of Belgium is investing money in Congo concessions in somewhat the same way as the Locomotive Engineers in America experimented in capital- ism. @ During the year 1928, boats from the Belgian Congo landed at Antwerp, 120,112 tons of Congo produce worth 534,404,000 francs. In 1924, only 64,000 tons were imported, and in 1927, 106,000 tons. The chief Congo products brought to Antwerp were, according to value, palm nuts, cot- ton, copal gum, palm oil, ivory, rub- ber, sesame seeds. In addition to this, there are the mineral products, which amount to nearly as many tons, and there are the products shipped to other places beside Antwerp. AMERICA @ The Literary Digest says: The black belt now extends around the world. Art, letters, music, and culture of the twentieth century are all pro- foundly influenced by the Negro, the American Negro in particular, according to Joseph Chapiro, who announces his discovery in the Berliner Tageblatt. His influence is increasingly felt on the artis- tic plane no less than in the political sphere. The American Negro, exclaims the German observer, has an influence that is “cosmical as well as comical And he is becoming conscious of his emerging power. @ Roland Hayes has completed his Fifth tour of America, and had the distinction, shared with Fritz Kreisler alone, of appearing three times in Car- negie Hall. He will return for his sixth tour next November. The Bos- ton Globe says: “No mere voice, no matter how phen- omenal, would ever draw and hold audi- ences Roland Hayes has won. The mar- velous thing about him is the almost unique combination of emotional inten- sity and fastidious taste which disting- uishes his singing. He is at once the most genuinely aristocratic artist now before American public, and the most genuinely emotional singer. What he does always comes from the heart, and goes to the heart. @ The Federated Colored Catholics of the United States comprise about one-third of the colored parishes of the country. They held a conference at Cincinnati last September, and _ will meet in Baltimore the coming Septem- ber. The field agent and organizer is William A. Prater. @ A survey of Negro business has been conducted by the National Negro Business League, under an Advisory Committee, including the Director of the Census, the Statistical Director of The Hampton Choir, Page 238. De the Walter Thompson Advertising Agency and others. @ Thirty-three cities were studied with an aggregate population of 920,- 283 colored people. The business en- terprises numbered 2,817, employing 17,697 persons. Of the enterprises, 19% were grocery stores, 14% barber shops, 11-3/10% cleaning places and tailoring establishments, 11% _ restau- rants, while 6% each were drugstores and auto mechanics. Forty-four and six-tenths percent of these shops do an annual volume of business of $5,000 or above. Twenty-six percent do an an- nual business of $10,000 or over. @ There are 60 financial institutions reported with 5,090 employees. They have a total annual business of $12,- 786,619 on a capital stock of $2,562,- 646. They own over $12,000,000 worth of real estate, and paid nearly $5,000,000 in salaries. Only 12 of the enterprises were manufacturing estab- lishments. THE EAST @ The Dixwell Players won the third place in the Drama Tournament held at the Yale University Theatre during the week of April 22nd, with a per- formance of Ernest H. Culbertson’s “Rackey”. This same organization won first place in the Tournament last year, and with it the first leg on the THE Crisis a

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ing ied 0,- en- ing ses, ber ind au- res ind an or an- ons hey 2, 100 rly the ab- ird eld ing er- n’s ion last the SIS ee CS ee ee , 8 ae Ee ie a Pies : if ro } “The No ’Count Boy” at Atlanta University, Page 239. famous Edith Fischer Schwab Cup. @ The Allied Arts Players of Boston, under the direction of Maude Cuney Hare, have presented three plays: ‘““The No ’Count Boy’, by Paul Green, “The Boor”, by Tchekoff, “The Festival of the Resurrection of Adonis’, by Theo- critus. @ The Boston Herald says: Three plays were given at the Fine Arts Theatre last night by the Allied Arts Players. The direction, action, costuming, and settings of these plays were excellent, considering that they were entirely the work of an amateur organization. But because the Allied Arts Players are amateurs in the truest sense of the word, they have much in- deed to bring to their productions— freshness, spontaneity, a taste for the best plays, and a sure sense of characteriza- tion that seldom fails even the most in- experienced player. For these reasons their program last night was very worth while, and a large audience showed, by much applause, how much their efforts were appreciated. @ The state Education Department of the State of New York, has ruled that the word ‘Negro’ must be spelled with a capital letter. @ John A. O’Brien, an undertaker of Boston, Massachusetts, has pre- sented a memorial window to the Epis- copal Church of which the Reverend LeRoy Ferguson is rector. The win- dow is in memory of his mother, who died in the West Indies last year at the age of 98. @ Mrs. N. R. Waters of Wyoming failed to receive a first prize in Music at a Boston competition for a curious reason: According to the rules laid down by the federation members in the South and West, where race prejudice against Col- ored people is strong, a Colored singer, even if allowed to win in preliminaries in New England, would not be allowed to compete in finals, consequently it is thought best not to award first place to a colored person, whether he or she deserves it or not. MIDDLE ATLANTIC @ At the Dunbar Theatre in Phila- delphia, Miss Nannie H. Burroughs staged a pageant “When Truth Gets a Hearing’. It was presented by the students of the National Training School for Women and Girls. It aroused enthusiasm in the audience. @ James Sanders, a Negro chauffeur, near Philadelphia ran into the car of E. T. Stotesbury and Mrs. George Willing, two prominent and rich Phil- adelphians. Everyone expected that he would be railroaded to jail, and indeed, Stotesbury’s white chauffeur was not even arrested. Nevertheless, the jury acquitted the colored man of all inten- tional harm, without leaving the box. @ Deacon Samuel R. Randolph is dead in Philadelphia. He was born in Richmond, came to Philadelphia in 1880, and was an officer and _ local preacher for years in the Union Baptist “The Japanese Girl” at Spellman College, Page 239. July, 1929 237

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A. P. Taylor Church. He was widely respected for his upright character. He leaves a son, daughter and a widow. MIDDLE WEST @ Jean Coston, the 12-year old daugh- ter of Mr. and Mrs. George Coston, competed with the representatives of ten high schools in Indianapolis in a piano contest. She won first place and was sent to the University of Indiana to compete in the finals as the guest of the Music Department of that Uni- versity. She is a Freshman in the At- tucks High School. @ The Cleveland Clinic fire produced a Negro hero in the person of Walter B. Jackson, a garage attendant, who worked next door. Jackson held a ladder on his shoulders when it was found too short to reach an_ upper- story window of the Clinic, and twelve persons were rescued thereby. Every newspaper lauded him. John Love, in the Cleveland Plain Dealer, says: When I read that Walter B. Jackson had held a short ladder on his shoulders to rescue people escaping from the Clinic fire, and that he and one other had saved twelve persons, I was reminded of an- other colored man, Lionel Licorish, who saved twenty in the sinking of the Ves- tris. In the first Florida tornado there was a colored boy who stood on a bridge near Lake Okeechobee and was reported to have taken seventeen children out of the water as they were washed past him, saving most or all of them. These three saw trouble, rushed in, forgot about themselves and made not ordinary rescues but rescues on a grand scale. @ Armistead Pride Taylor, an old and well-known citizen of Toronto, Canada, died in April at the age of 84. He was a veteran of the Civil War, a Mason and a talented musi- cian. For some time, he was proprietor of the Queen’s Hotel Barber Shop. He was born in Lynchburg, Virginia, but lived in Toronto for over sixty years. He is survived by a widow, five sons and two daughters. Three of the sons, Dr. R. H. Taylor, Dr. A. R. Taylor and Dr. H. D. Taylor are all physi- 238 Jean Coston Rev. R. W. Brooks clans—two in Canada, and one in Pittsburgh. The third son, A. H. Taylor, is an Attorney-at-Law in New York, and two daughters are married. @ The Baptist Sunday School Con- vention with thousands of colored Sun- day School workers, has been meeting in Cleveland. @ A fourteen-year-old colored Boy Scout has received the bronze medal of the Carnegie Hero Fund Commission and $1,600. He is Sherman Potter, Sandusky, Ohio, and rescued a boy who had broken through the ice. He had already received the Gold Honorary Medal of Boy Scouts. @ Eddie Tolan, University of Michi- gan, equaled the world’s record for the 100-yards’ dash at the Big Ten Con- ference meet. He ran in 91% seconds. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA and BORDER STATES @ Lincoln Congregational Temple on the corner of 11th and “R” Street, Washington, D. C., was purchased by the American Missionary Society in 1868. On this site, a building familiar to many of the older visitors of Wash- ington was erected. It was known as the Lincoln mission. Here in 1880, the Lincoln Memorial Church was started and among its pastors were the Reverend George W. Moore, Rever- end Eugene Johnson, and Reverend A. P. Miller. In 1901, the church was united to Park Temple under the Rev- erend Sterling N. Brown. The Rev- erend Emory B. Smith came to the charge in 1915, and finally in 1923, the Reverend R. W. Brooks. Under Mr. Brooks has recently been erected the new church shown in our illustra- tion. The building was completed February, 1929, at a cost of $120,000, with furniture. It seats 1,200 people and has a Men’s Club, Ladies’ Parlor, kitchen and roof garden. @ Emory A. Bryant will succeed the late John D. Gainey as Assistant Chief Clerk in charge of the colored railway mail clerks. Bryant has been in the service since 1909. He was born in 1884 in Florida. @ Lieutenant-Colonel John E. Green, D. K. Cherry Eddie Tolan one of the two colored commissioned officers in the regular army, has been approved for retirement after thirty years’ service. He has been with the 25th Infantry at Camp Jones. @ In Baltimore County, outside the city of Baltimore, there are 10 white high schools and no colored high schools. There are 200 eligible col- ored students, but of these only 62 have their tuition paid in the Baltimore City high school. Candidates are kept out by an examination which eliminates seven-eighths of them. White students pass no examination at all. SOUTH EAST @ For some years Hampton Institute refused to teach students instrumental music and confined all singing to Ne- gro folk songs. Gradually this cus- tom has yielded to regular instruction in all branches of music, and under Dr. R. Nathaniel Dett, there has been recently developed at Hampton a re- markable Institute Choir. The Choir first gained notoriety at the Music Fes- tival in the Library of Congress, Wash- ington. Then it came to Carnegie Hall, and afterward, sang in Nor- folk, Richmond and Atlanta. Finally, at Symphony Hall, Boston, it emerged into nation-wide recognition. The critics are unanimous in calling this as- sembly one of the great choruses of the world. @ Dr. R. R. Moton, Principal of Tuskegee, delivered the Founder’s Day Address at the State A. and M. School, Forsythe, Georgia. There ap- peared on the platform with him, white and colored men, a Japanese and a Chinese. @ Dr. William J. Clark has cele- brated his Tenth Anniversary as Presi- dent of Virginia Union University. @ The Honorable Thomas E. Miller, for eighteen years a member of the State Legislature of South Carolina, and who served two terms as a Con- gressman, spoke recently at the Georgia State Industrial College. Mr. Miller is at present living in Philadelphia. @ D. K. Cherry, the new President of Kittrell College, Kittrell, North THE Crisis

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yned been irty the the ‘hite high col- 62 nore are hich ‘hite tute ntal Ne- cus- tion ider been re- hoir Fes- ash- egie Nor- ally, rged The $ as- the | of Day M. ap- him, and cele- resi- ller, the lina, Son- rgia iller dent orth RISIS Carolina, was born in North Carolina May 7, 1883, and educated at the State Normal School, Elizabeth City, and Wilberforce University. He taught in the public schools and at the A. and T. College. Greensboro, and then entered the army, working as a stevedore, as a Private in the 367th In- tantry, and in the Educational Corps. He organized the educational work at St. Nazaire, and after the war was for a while a student at the University of Bordeaux. Returning, he resumed his work as instructor of Mathematics az the A. and T. College, and was mar- ried in 1920. He received a Scholar- ship from the General Education Beard, and secured his B.S. in Mathe- matics at the University of Chicago. He was dean and Director of the ex- tension work at the Elizabeth City State Normal School, 1928-29, and became President of Kittrell, May ist, 1929, @ In 1905, Atlanta University pre- sented its first Shakespearean play, “The Merchant of Venice’, under the direction of the gifted Adrienne Hern- don. This presentation of plays has been kept up aimost without interrup- tion for iwenty-five years, and is one of the many contributions of this in- stitution to the development of the American Negro. For the past few years, this work has been under the di- rection of Caroline Bond Day, and in some cases original plays have been written and presented. This year, three one-act plays, ““The Maker of Dreams”, “The No ’Count Boy” and “The Glory of the Morning” were presented, and at Commencement, “The Merchant of Venice.” @ At Spellman College, the high school chorus, assisted by the More- house College orchestra, gave an Op- eretta, “The Japanese Girl”. The scenery and costumes were all made by the students, and the play directed by Miss Lillian Webster and Miss Elizabeth Perry. The leading charac- ters were taken by Sarah Blocker, Mabel Hillman and Thelma Brock. MIDDLE SOUTH @ The white Shriners of Texas have been trying for years before the courts to ‘enjoin the colored Order from The new Lincoln Congregational Temple, Page 238. using the regalia and rituals. Recent- ly, the United States Supreme Court has upheld the contentions of the col- ored men. @ R. B. Creager, the “Lily White” Republican State -Committeeman for Texas, is raising a fund of $100,000 by the same methods used in Georgia and Alabama. Up to this writing, he has not been put out of the Republican Party. @ An Officers’ Training Camp for colored students will be held at Tus- kegee Institute May 12th to 25th. Colonel B. O. Davis of the United States Army, a Negro officer, will be the instructor. WEST @ Edgar Hagamin, a Negro elevator operator in St. Louis, tried to put out a fire in his building, and when he could not he made four trips with the elevator, rescuing twenty-four persons from the upper floors. The majority were women. @ The Pullman Company has been trying to scare the colored employees by announcing that they were using

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Dr. Price-Mars. white women in the Northwest. The fact is, that a few women have been put on a short summer line where there were no dining cars before, and the cars will be run only during the Yellowstone Park season. @ The Christian Endeavor League will meet in Kansas City in July. A great chorus is being organized to take part in its exercises. Before the Ne- groes had offered their services, they were notified that Negro singers were not wanted in the chorus. @ We are told that the Editor of the Black Dispatch of Oklahoma City has a farm where oil has been discovered. @ A new colored hotel, The Lincoln, has been opened at Sixth and Walnut Street, Louisville, Kentucky. WEST INDIES @ Commander Cook of the United States Navy recently asserted in The New York World that in the agricul- tural department of Haiti there were employed 32 Americans and _ four thousand Haitians. He neglected to add that the four thousand Haitians received 30c a day, while the 32 Amer- icans are high-salaried officials drawing an aggregate of thousands of dollars monthly. @ With regard to the Haitian debt, M. Thoby says: ‘When Haitian terri- tory was invaded by United States Marines, there was an internal debt of about $10,000,000 and some unset- tled claims. As soon as the New Debt Commission was appointed, claims be- gan to pour in and were recognized to the amount of $32,000,000. By these methods, a debt of $40,000,000 was built up!” @ In Bermuda, with 22,000 popula- tion, the voters number 1,413. Barba- does has 168,299 inhabitants, practical- ly all of whom are colored. Of these, only 2,308 persons have the right to vote. In the Bahamas Islands, out of a population of 59,264, 14,551 are voters. @ Dr. Price-Mars is a member of one 240 of the leading families of Haiti and a patriot who has long contended for the restoration of Haitian independence. Recently, he has issued a book, “‘Ainsi- Parle l’oncle”’, (Uncle Tells This Story), which is a contribution to Hai- tian folk lore. @ Eric D. Walrond, Guggenheim Fellow, is traveling in the West Indies. Recently he visited Barbadoes and Grenada. AFRICA @ The Founders’ Day exercises of the Booker Washington Industrial and Agricultural Institute took place in March at Kakatown, Liberia, West Africa. There were about 2,000 peo- ple present, including 800 native chiefs from all over Liberia. President King held a conference with the chiefs, be- ginning March 11th, and continuing for about six weeks. The United States Minister, W. T. Francis, made one of the principal addresses. The school is made possible through the gift of Mrs. Phelps Stokes, and occupies a tract of one thousand acres of land on the east bank of the Du River. From all sources, the school will have about $100,000 as an initial amount to begin work. Mr. R. W. Taylor of Tuskegee has gone to advise on the organization of the school. @ In March, the 84th Anniversary of the Bond of 1844 was celebrated on tne Gold Coast, British West Africa Up to that time, the British had been on the Coast as traders, but had no regular position. The Bond, in sim- ple language conferred upon the Brit- ish a limited jurisdiction and acknowl- edged the protection of the British flag. It ceded no territory and no power of interference with native in- stitutions. @ At Elliot, Cape Province, South Africa, the active supporters and work- ers for the establishment of a Farm School, have had a meeting which we picture. They are trying to raise this vear $6,500 for necessary materials and development. Abraham Z. Twala is a leader of the movement, and is ap- pealing for funds. @ The African National Congress has been meeting at Bloenfontein. The Chairman of the Native Affairs’ Com- mittee presided, and the Mayor wel- comed the native chiefs and delegates. The Bishop of Bloenfontein, Dr. W. J. Carey, officially opened the Con- gress, and urged an appeal to General Hertzog “‘to heal, not to hurt the soul of the native people.” He declared that on account of lack of education, not 1 “ of the natives were fit for the franchise. A native woman, Mrs: Classen, answered the Bishop, and de- clared that “the appalling ignorance of our people to which his Lordship re- ferred, was to a large extent encour- aged and abetted by the state.” She said also that syphilis and drunkenness were brought by the Europeans to the Bantu. The races mect at Forsythe, Ga., Page 238. THE Crisis

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ork- ‘arm | we this rials wala ; ap- rress The ‘om- wel- ates. W. Con- 1eral soul ared tion, r the Mrs: 1 de- ‘ance p re- -our- She ness » the THE AMERICAN FEDERA- TION OF LABOR AND THE NEGRO HE speech of J. P. Frey at the National Inter-racial Conference last December on “Attempts to Organ- ize Negro Workers” has given rise to some controversy. Walter White in the Nation characterizes this speech as “the nadir in casuistic defense of ex- clusion of Negroes from labor unions.” To this characterization Frey ob- jects, but admits “I failed to accom- plish one purpose I had in mind—the presentation of a careful program.” But this was not the real essence of Frey’s failure. His whole thesis was: Negroes suffer from injustice in the labor union world, but they do not suffer much more than Jews, Poles and even Americans. Moreover, they are partially to blame because they do not advise their workers to enter the trade unions even where they can. This latter point Frey sought to em- phasize in every way. He cited Booker T. Washington, and his advice to the iron workers of Newport News; he cited the resolution of the Negro Press Association; and he even went so far as to declare: “T have asked representatives of the Negro race, some of the best known, to make some public statement or write me a letter in which they would say it was their belief that wherever pos- sible members of their race should join the trade union of their craft, so that I could use that statement or letter to help me in the efforts I have made to organize Negroes. So far no such statement or letter has been received.” This whole thesis is untrue and un- fair. The record of the American Federation of Labor toward the Negro is indefensible. An early declaration ot the A. F. of L. said: “The working people must unite and organize, irrespective of creed, color, sex, nationality or politics.” With some objection, this declaration was re- affirmed in 1897, but it was not em- bodied in the Constitution. Neverthe- less, bodies confining membership to whites were barred from affiliation with the A. F. of L. Later, in 1902, the legality of excluding Negroes from local unions, and from city central la- July, 1929 bor bodies was recognized by a resolu- tion which permitted separate charters to colored unions. Later, without of- ficial announcement, national unions, like the Railway Trainmen, and the Railway ‘Telegraphers, which spe- cifically exclude Negroes, were allowed to join the A. F. of L.; and finally, the Stationary Engineers, already a member of the A. F. of L. were al- lowed to change their charter and spe- cifically exclude black men. In addition to this, it is well-known that even in the case of organizations which do not openly and by name ex- clude persons of Negro descent, the local unions repeatedly do this as a matter of regular policy without re- buke from the A. F. of L. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People has long recognized the danger of this sit- uation and at its 15th Annual Con- ference held in Philadelphia, in July, 1924, the following Resolution was addressed to the A. F. of L.: “For many years the American Ne- gro has been demanding admittance to the ranks of union labor. “For many years your organizations have made public profession of your interest in Negro labor, of your de- sire to have it unionized, and of your hatred of the black ‘scab’. “Notwithstanding this apparent sur- face agreement, Negro labor in the main is outside the ranks of organized labor, and the reason is first, that white union labor does not want black la- bor, and secondly, black labor has ceased to beg admittance to union ranks because of its increasing value and efficiency outside the unions. “We thus face a crisis in interracial labor conditions: the continued and de- termined race prejudice of white labor, together with the limitation of immi- gration, is giving black labor tremen- dous advantage. The Negro is enter- ing the ranks of semi-skilled and skilled labor and he is entering mainly as a ‘scab’. He broke the great steel strike. He will soon be in a position to break any strike when he can gain economic advantage for himself. “On the other hand, intelligent Ne- groes know full well that a blow at organized labor is a blow at all labor; that black labor today profits by the blood and sweat of labor leaders in the past who have fought oppression and monopoly by organization. If there is built up in America a great black bloc of non-union laborers who have a right to hate unions, all laborers, black and white, eventually must suffer. “Ts it not time, then, that black and white labor get together? Is it not time for white unions to stop bluffing and for black laborers to stop cutting off their noses to spite their faces? “We, therefore, propose that there be formed by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored Peo- ple, the American Federation of La- bor, the Railway Brotherhoods and any other bodies agreed upon, an_ Inter- racial Labor Commission. “We propose that this Commission undertake: 1. To find out the exact attitude and practice of national labor bodies and local unions toward Negroes and of Negro labor toward unions. To organize systematic propaganda against racial discrimination on the basis of these facts at the labor meetings, in local assemblies and in local unions. “The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People stands ready to take part in such a movement and hereby invites the co-operation of all organized labor. The Association hereby solemnly warns American la- borers that unless some such step as this is taken and taken soon the position gained by organized labor in this coun- try is threatened with irreparable loss.” Beside perfunctory acknowledgment of receipt, no action has ever been taken on this resolution by the Ameri- can Federation of Labor. This is a sufficient answer to Frey’s awkward and insincere defense of the color line in the A. F. of L. nN GOVERNMENT BY GRAFT HROUGHOUT this country in nation, state and city, government by which individuals get immunity or privilege by paying sums of money to officials is a widespread and openly recognized method of administration. 241

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Not only has there been the open scan- dal of the oil cases, but the tremendous graft of the war period has not begun to be revealed simply because no one had the heart to contemplate it. The thing goes on in everyday life! Graft to the policeman who threatens to ar- rest the automobile speeder; graft to the alderman, who secures a permit for the newsstand; graft to the city coun- cil who awards a contract to favored persons; graft to the members of the Legislature who grant valuable char- ters; graft to judges, municipal, state and federal, who grant immunity from punishment, not simply in bankruptcy cases, but in others. We do not like to confess this. We maintain firmly that there is no direct bribery in politi- cal life in America, and yet our politi- cal campaigns call for millions upon millions of money. Against this system, it is idle to think that the black man will be im- mune. He is human and American. He cannot be expected to rise far above his surroundings. Recently, a councilman in Cleveland, Ohio, has been sentenced to jail for petty graft. There seems to be no doubt that he was guilty but he was doing exactly what the majority of his fellow coun- cilman still do; he was following out the system which he took over at his party’s dictation. Notwithstanding all this, we have got to evolve in the United States honest Negro politicians, voters and of- fice holders, who stand against the trend of their white neighbors. THE Crisis had hoped that the new colored woman voter was going to lead in this respect. We have been disappointed. The petty graft among colored wo- men political leaders has been more shameful because less excuseable than among the men. We must, therefore, look to our Youth, male and female, and ask that some young colored peo- ple gird themselves to go into political life, not for the sake of illicit gain, but for the sake of doing a job for Democ- racy. What finer field opens to us? Not healing, nor justice, teaching, preach- ing, writing, singing nor painting, of- fers a career fraught with more tre- mendous results. Democracy today throughout the world is at bay. It has been attacked in the house of its friends. It is being sneered at and de- cried by the best leadership in Amer- ica, France and England. The darker races are the ones and apparently the only ones to lead the world out of this morass. The foun- dation logic of Democracy is as strong today as it ever was. Why can we not have a young man of Harlem to run for office on a practical program and a 242 promise, on his word of honor, to obey the commandment: “Thou shalt not steal?” Why can we not have a young woman in Chicago who would go to the Board of Alderman and even to Congress on a platform which refuses to make alliance with gambling, prosti- tution and bootlegging, and which lays down one clear political plank? “Thou Shalt Not Bear False Witness Against Thy Neighbor’? Is this too much to ask for? Is it too wild a dream? Of course, one ought to hope in such a movement to secure the alliance, sym- pathy and backing of white liberals but too many of them are the first to draw the Color Line. ROLAND HAYES WAITS HE music critic of the New York World got quite fussed up be- cause Roland Hayes, before singing, waited for his audience to get still. I, who sat and listened, found this pause most striking and symptomatic. Ameri- cans are terribly ill bred when it comes to music. Let a young lady be asked to play the piano for the assembled company, and at her first note, every- body begins to talk. The only way in which a cabaret soloist can sing suc- cessfully is to out-screech his yelling au- dience. And even a trained audience, like that vast mass at Carnegie Hall last Sunday, apparently has to do just so much whispering and twisting and squirming, not to mention slipping in from one to ten minutes late, before it can settle down to listen to a beau- tiful voice. So Roland Hayes waited. It was really extraordinary. Two thousand people—a little village—flut- tered, coughed, moved, and then slowly and gradually, like a great cloud broken by waving streamlets of sound, here and there, settled down; and then at last there was silence. Then there was Song. I hope that Roland Hayes will con- tinue to teach Americans manners. MORE COMMENTS Hartford, Connecticut. As a white subscriber to your valued periodical would say that I am sur- prised that there should have been any criticism of the article “Dark Lover” by Rheba Cain. Any person who is interested in the work you are doing must perforce believe in racial equal- ity, which involves the right to freely intermarry. If the darker races are mentally and physically equal to the white, what logical objection can there be to intermarriage? I also desire to commend your thoughful review of a most informa- tive book, Nearing’s “Black America.” This book should be placed in every library in the country. I believe the Negro race will come to see that bour- geois democracy offers them little, but that a proletarian dictatorship like that of Russia is the only means to freedom from economic and social bondage. South Carolina. I’m returning to you the May issue of THE Crisis. I find that sentiment here is too strong against it. Being one who caters to the white people for patronage, I find that it would be against me to handle it longer. Newark, New Jersey. I have just read your article on “The Students at Lincoln” in the cur- rent edition of THE Crisis. I want to thank you personally for your comments, and I am sure that ev- ery Lincoln Alumnus will feel under some obligation to you for stating the case at Lincoln in the manner you did. What happened there cannot merit more than a semblance of an apology for Lincoln, that being the fact that it was purely a student action, with- out either the suggestion, guidance or knowledge of the Faculty, as far as I am able to learn. It is our hope, therefore, that people who justly condemn this student folly will not at the same time, let anything enter into their criticism which would be condemnatory of the Faculty at Lincoln, or the policy of its present Trustee Board. It is, I agree, a very difficult matter to write about without some reference to the Faculty. It must be further conceded, I think, that your interpre- tation of what they have not done, is, in reality, one of the aspects of the case. But there is another side which, it seems to me, to be nearer the truth. It strikes me that there isn’t a single living Lincoln graduate who would not affirm that there is not to be found any where in the world today a group of white men who are more thoroughly convinced of both the accomplishments as well as the present and future po- tentialities of the Negro. Indeed, this fact, in a very large measure at least, accounts for the lack of any expressed agitation on the part of the Alumni for the very thing which you now say ought to be, and doubtless will be: a mixed Faculty. Well do I- remember the Rendalls who inspired us to a be- lief in ourselves. Well too, do I re- member Professor George Johnson, the present dean of the college, who, very often in his classes in philosophy, would digress and talk to us for almost a full period on the Negro and the necessity of our development of a race (Will you please turn to page 244) THe Crisis -P om TO EEE RF iE at AT NS ae ha nN ON Fin TEER SD rmmaneetnceneee ete yn ee ne EI

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ery the ur- but hat om sue ent ‘ing for be 44) ~RISIS Atlanta University Atlanta, Georgia Graduate Courses Senior and Junior and Sopho- more College Courses. For information address The President MorEHOUSE COLLEGE (Formerly Atlanta Baptist College) ATLANTA, GA. College, Academy, Divinity School N institution famous within recent years for its emphasis on all sides of manly development—the only insti- tution in the far South devoted solely to the education of Negro young men. Graduates given high ranking by eatest northern universities. Debat- = Y. M. C. A,, athletics, all live fea- tures. FOR INFORMATION, Address JOHN HOPE, President TALLADEGA COLLEGE A Liberal Arts College of Highest Grade Approved by Great Educational Agencies and leading Graduate Schools of the Country. UNeExcELLeD LocaTIOoN. STRONG Facu try. SPLENDD EQUIPMENT. Plant worth one and one-half million For further particulars address The President or the Dean TALLADEGA, COLLEGE TALLADEGA ALABAMA Knoxville College KNOXVILLE, TENN. POP PPLPPLP LAL LDP LLLP PPP LPP PPP PPP PPP PPP Beautiful Situation and Healthful Location. Best Moral and Spiritual Environment. Splendid Intellectual Atmosphere. Noted for Honest and Thorough Work. Fully Aeceredited for Weachers’ Certificates by State Board. Meme-like Dermitory Life with Careful Supervisien. Live Athletic and Literary Interests. GOURSES: Cellege, Normal, High Seheol, House- held, Arte and Music. Expenses Very Reasonable Gatalog and ether literature sent free upen request, Address: J. KELLY GIFFEN, Preeident. KNOXVILES, TENN. St. Mary’s School Az Episcopal boarding school for giris, under the direction of the sisters of St. Mary. Address: THE SISTER-IN-CHARGE, 6188 Germantown Avenue, Philadelphia, Pa. THE CRISIS HOWARD UNIVERSITY Founded by General Oliver Otis Howard WASHINGTON, D. C. Purpose To provide the Twelve Million Colored people of the United States with College - trained and Professional leaders through its courses in the ARTS, SCIENCES, SOCIOLOGY, EDU- CATION, ECONOM- ICS; its Schools of Music, Applied Science, Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy, Religion and Law. Mordecai W. Johnson President Emmett J. Scott Secretary-Treasurer An Outstanding National University Located at the Capital of the Nation, with a campus of twenty-five acres. Modern, scientific and general equipment. A plant worth approximately $3,000,000. A Faculty of 176 members. A Student Body of ap- proximately 2400, from 36 different states and 14 foreign countries. Generally acknowledged to be the outstanding National University of the Colored People of America. Students may enter for Collegiate Work at the Beginning of any Quarter REGISTRATION PERIODS AUTUMN QuarTER September 30—October 1, 2, 1929 Winter Quarter January 2, 3, 1930 SPRING QuaRTER March 20, 21, 1930 HOW ARD’S NEEDS $130 per year to cover incidental fees, etc. (tui- tion) of a student for a year. $2,600 for Per- manent Scholarships. An Endowment Fund of at least $5,000,000. An Administration build- ing, $125,000 to $150,000. A dormitory for Young Men, $150,000. A building for the Col- lege of Education, $150,000. Contributions for Current Expenses in any amount, however small. ISiFeaSEGeEa2Xqqogoug eer aaesaang The NORTH CAROLINA COLLEGE for NEGROES Formerly the Durham State Normal School OFFERS THE FOLLOWING COURSES 1, THE LIBERAL ARTS COURSE Leading to the A. B. Degree and offering sufficient work in Education to enable students to secure High School Teachers’ Cer- tificates, Class A, and High School Princi pletion of the course. 8 THE SCIENTIFIC COURSE Leading to the B. S. Degree. 8% THE PRE-MEDICAL COURSE A two-year pre-medical course preparing students for entrance inte medical colleges will be given. 4. SPECIAL COURSES IN COMMERCE AND MUSIC ference. (Sg The faculty consists of men and women from the best colleges and universities in the country and meets the requirements of the North Carolina College Coa- FOR CATALOG AND FURTHER INFORMATION ADDRESS: Tue NortH CAROLINA CoLLeGE For Necrors JAMES E. SHEPARD President DURHAM, N. C. circulates through agents and subscribers in every one of the United States, in Europe, Asia and Africa, in South and Central America, the Hawaiian, Phillippine and West Indian Islands and elsewhere around the world. No voice reaches further than the advertising page of THE Crisis. July, 1929 ’ Certificates at the com-

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consciousness that would enable us to gauge properly our own worth. NEGRO JOURNALISM YOUNG writer sends us the following letter: “It has always been my ambition to be a journalist. That I might qualify, I went to Lincoln University, which I finished last June and have studied much on the side. I am not easily dis- heartened at anything I attempt to do, but there are some features of this journalistic game that I must contend with that I hate. No wonder that my father disowned me for not taking medicine instead. A Negro journalist who is in a sense different from a pure journalist must contend with certain standards that try his convictions. For instance, | attempted to write for the Illustrated Feature Section of the Pittsburgh Courier and was in turn rebuked for being literary instead of ‘writing down’ to a standard main- tained by the New York American. I was also told that every sentence must be a paragraph. “A little over a year ago, I sub- mitted a short story to you which you at that time accepted, but so far it has not appeared in print. In the light of these facts must I conclude, as the masses are prone to believe, that you can not depend on your own race peo- ple for help in your endeavor? It is also true that white correspondents of mine have given me more encourage- ment than colored, and sometimes I feel like keeping my color a secret and write as a white person, ignoring what should be written about Negroes. Probably when I tell you I am twenty- three you may assume as others do that I am just a foolish lad pursuing a will- of-wisp. “Being iconoclastic in my way of thinking, I realize what opposition will be mine among a conservative people. I read with amusement the criticisms heaped upon Eugene Gordon because he exposed the superficiality to which members of my race are prone. And if I criticize any feature because I love truth more than anything else, it means I cannot be a successful Negro jour- nalist and I will have to resort to other things that I might live. I am hoping that in the future there will be outlets for literary expression in Negro periodicals as there are opportunities in white periodicals. With regret that I have consumed much of your busy time, I am Apologetically yours,” This letter illustrates a widely prev- alent point of view. A young colored person wishes to write. He sends his articles to a colored periodical. They are not published. He immediately assumes: (1) that he can write; (2), 244 that the public is willing to read what- ever a writer sincerely thinks; (3), that colored Editors are unfair and en- vious; (4), that if the writer were white or wrote for white periodicals, he would find none of these _hin- drances. The real facts are quite different. It is trite to say that the wish to write and the ability to write are not syn- onymous terms; and again an article which greatly pleases its writer may not please the reader; and the reason for this may be that the article is not well written or not clearly written or that the reader does not like its con- clusions. It is hard for the young writer to realize the great guiding dis- covery of modern journalism: that it is what the public demands and not what the prophet preaches that in the end determines publication, circulation and success. This is as true of white Editors as of colored. If the public taste has been debauched and lowered, fed upon crime and sensation, and _ personal tittle-tattle, the Editor who has ideals and who represents a cause, follows a dificult and dangerous path. And if he persists in publishing articles just because he and their writers think the articles are good, he is liable to find that his newspaper or magazine has ceased publication. During the 18 years in which THe Crisis has been published the number of new Negro magazines which have been born, flour- ished and died, have averaged one a year—eighteen in all. The Editor, therefore, grows cautious. It is diffi- cult for him to know just what his public appreciates and his printer’s bill limits inexorably the number of ex- periments that he can make. The young writer. on the other hand, is not satisfied with writing that merely pleases; he wants to assert his opinion, his interpretation of the world; he wants to slash, criticise and reform a rotten world, and he assumes that what he wants to say is just what the world is waiting to hear. But in truth this is exactly what the vast ma- jority of men will not listen to. They will not support the papers that print frank criticism. Whenever THE Crisis dares to print a word of criti- cism or belief of school, church or man, the bitterness, resentment and evi- dent deep hurt of those touched is as- tonishing. It is not a question of truth but of daring to tell it. Most readers resent criticism; they want praise and bombast and crime and gossip and blah. They want the Saturday Evening Post and the New York Journal and the tabloids and they get them. What then shall the Editor, white and colored, who wants to print the truth and speed just criticism, do? First of all, he cannot print all the writings of the young just because they are sincere. Most of the opinions and judgments of most young folk in most ages of the world are not worth the paper they are written on. But some are and this grain of wheat in all the chaff, the honest Editor seeks to save. But if he saves it and bankrupts his periodical, what has he gained but new readers for the Penny Dreadfuls? The young writer who fails of pub- lication becomes naturally discouraged and bitter. He thinks that he is not appreciated; that his race is going to Hell, and that all Editors are fools. Colored Editors, it is true, have their full share of stupidity, envy and other all too human traits; but at any rate, they are at least sensible enough to want to publish what their public will read; and some of them even want to go further and publish what the pub- lic ought to read and don’t. The young writer decides, however, with our correspondent, to deprive the Ne- gro race of the benefit of his talents and to turn to the white world. What will he find there? Exactly the same conditions, except more so. Of course, the number of editors is larger, and the reading public wider, more varied, and of higher average intelligence. For this very reason the competition is keener and the chances for new young writers correspondingly smaller. The chance of a young white writer saying what he wishes to say is indeed much smaller than in the case of a Negro. On the other hand, success, if it comes, is necessarily much greater and more extravagantly rewarded. This makes the temptation to sell one’s soul for cash more irresistible for whites than for blacks. The Editor’s job then is not simply that of determining whether or not a writer has ability and honesty, or whether or not his article deserves pub- lication. No such simple problem con- fronts an Editor. Granted that the article shows merit, the Editor’s real problem is: Will the public read it? The Editor has, of course, some lead- ership here. He can train his readers to some extent. He can set certain standards. But few people, lamenta- bly few, realize how little an Editor with the best will can do in this line. The taste of his reading public has been set by forces far beyond him, and he is compelled to a certain extent to follow the lines which the current pub- lic taste demand. One thing, however, and one tre- mendous thing the young colored writ- er must not forget, and that is that when he turns to a white public he surrenders partially or entirely the chief reason for his writing, which is the (Will you please turn to page 245) THE Crisis

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the hey ind 1ost the ymie the ve. his but ls ? ub- ged not to ols. 1eir her ate, to vill - to ub- Che vith Ne- ents hat ume rse, and ied, For is ung Che ing uch oro. nes, ore ikes for han iply yt a or yub- con- the real it? ead- ders tain nta- itor line. has and Eto pub- tre- vrit- that > he +hief the 45) RISIS revelation in his own soul, and the’ picturing of his own problems and his own people. He must, if he writes ‘““white” surrender his world for a mess of pottage; he must be a savage critic or a clown or else dumb on all that is nearest his heart. New York’s Committee (Continued from page 229) years our Education Committee has done effective work in helping to de- velop a consciousness for the N. A. A. C. P. in New York City. Last year that Committee sponsored two after- noon teas at which the National Off- cers and many friends of the Associa- tion of both races, were present. First they presented Mr. and Mrs. Clarence Darrow and at least five hundred per- sons attended. Then later, they pre- sented Mrs. Nella Larsen Imes, as a new writer and author of her first novel “Quicksand.” The money for these meetings is given by the women of the Committee, each member being taxed a certain amount and no admission is charged. On May 15th of this year, they gave a reception for Mr. Walter White, the Assistant Secretary of the N. A. A. C. P. We wished to pay tribute to Mr. White, who represents the newer group of writers, because of his recent publication “Rope and Faggott,” and also to create an interest in his books which were on sale that evening, along with the spring publications of other Negro writers. These publications were arranged on _ attractive book tables and as copies were sold, they were autographed by the authors, who were present. We are deeply incerested in the pro- ductions of the New Negro—the younger writers and artists and hope to encourage and develop a finer appre- ciation of their work by presenting them to the public in an intimate and friendly manner. We hope from year to year to present other persons of both races who have made worthy contribu- tions to art, literature, music, the sci- ences and particularly those whose sub- jects deal directly and honestly with the Negro. We have tried very earnestly to in- terest New Yorkers in the general pro- gram of the National Association and to bring about a better understanding among the various groups of both races. Since May 1924, our Committee has raised for the National Association $16,290.92; that includes the $2,048, netted on our Spring Dance, which was given on March 25th of this year. This was our most successful benefit. The announcements were designed by June, 1929 He denounces people’s pet no- tions and makes them like it! $ Astounding bargain! Best Liberal Reading —1,157 pages, al- most 2 pounds, 300,- 000 words Works of Clarence DARROW 18 Sections—27 Titles Fac:ng Life Fearlessly Lord’s Day Alliance Is Capital Punishment Right? Is Prohibition Desirable? Is Life Worth Living? Is Mankind Progressing ? Are We Machines? Resist Not Evil An Eye for an Eye Loeb and Leopold Defense Anti-Evolution Trial Defense of a Negro Do We Have Free Will? Can We Control Conduct? Dry-Law Pro and Con Skeleton in the Closet Ordeal of Prohibition Voltaire vs. Priest & King WORTH $3 Instinct and Reason ALL FOR $1 witerature anc rt. Walt, Whitman — John Aitgeli — Just send $) and Robt. Burns—Geo. B. Foster— 20K Aut 9097 To Socialists — Edwardses and titles $1 postpaid Jukeses—Day with Darrow anywhere. HALDEMAN-JULIUS PUBLICATIONS Dept. D-13 Girard, Kansas | THE CHEYNEY TRAINING ScHOOL FOR TEACHERS (4 BTATE NORMAL SCHOOL) CHEYNEY, PA. A PENNSYLVANIA State Normal School offering, in addition to the regular Normal’ Aeademic Course of two years, professional three year eourses iv Home Economics and Shep Work. ‘A dploma from any ef these courses makes a wraduate eligible to teach in the public schools ef Pennsylvania. | Ber further information and cetalog, write \ LESLIE PINCKNEY HILL, Principal CHEYNEY, PA. Watchman Industrial School North Scituate, Rh. Is. (William S. Holland, Pres.) Health, Education and Inspiration built upen a school site of long-standing -—The heme of Three Educational Institutions— Formerly The Old Smithfield Seminary, The Lapham Institute and The Penticostal College and Trade Behool. New equipment now being installed. Ele- mentary, Grammar and Junior High Schools, Indus- trial and Trade Courses offered. For further in- fermatieon write the President. ANE Uta EL: CULL ur meas Sold Everywhere PRICE ONE JAR 50c; CATALOG FREE $.D. LYONS, 316 WN. Central Oklahoma City, Okla. State Agricultural and Mechanical College ORANGEBURG, S. C. Fully accredited Teachers’ and Bachelor De- gree Courses. Modern Buildings. Faculty from best Institutions in America. Fall Term Begins Sept. 25, 1929 For Catalog, Address R. S. WILKINSON, President State accredited. Three year course in general nursing. 50 bed hospital. On ap- proved list of Amer- fcan College of Sur- geons. Free tuition, board and _ room, text-books, uniforms; also monthly cash allowance. Ideal lo- cation, 1,000 feet above sea level. Only High School Grad- uates admitted. Write to, Ethel M. Bigham, R. N. Supt. of Nurses BuRRELL MEMORIAL HosPITAL Roanoke, Va. LLAELEEESEE EE EY The Lincoln School for Nurses NEW YORK CITY Three year course. Open to young women having completed a four year high school course and hold- ing a diploma. Graduates eligible for New York State examination for R. N. Capacity Lincoln Hospital—450 beds— New Nurses’ Home New York affords opportunity to observe health and nursing service of the best in the country. Lincoln graduates stand foremost in their profes- sion. Special graduate work — Scholarships For information apply to: SUPERINTENDENT OF NURSES Lincoln School for Nurses E. 14lst St. and Southern Boulevard New York, N. Y. ST. AUGUSTINE’S COLLEGE Raleigh, North Carolina Founded, 1867 Conducted under the auspices of the Episcopal Church. A four-year College Course is offered, including Pre-Medical and Teacher-Train- ing features. A College Preparatory Department, Training School for Nurses, and School for Religious and Social Workers are con- nected with the College. Thorough training, healthy environment, Christian influences. For catalog and information write The Registrar, St. Augustine’s College Raleigh, N. C. 245

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WITH DEPARTMENTS OF MEDICINE, DENTISTRY, PHARMACY AND NURSE-TRAINING A minimum of twe years of class A college work required fer entrance to Medical and Dental ts. Graduation from e four year high school required for entrance to Pharmacy and MEHARRY MEDICAL COLLEGE Nuerse-Training Departments. THERE IS A TREMENDOUS NEED FOR WELL TRAINED DENTISTS Send NOW for MEHARRY’S Catalogue. MEHARRY MEDICAL COLLEGE Hampton Institute Hampton, Virginia Offering courses leading to degree of Bachelor of Science in each of eight schools, and graduate courses in the summer school leading to the Master’s degree THE THE THE THE THE THE THE SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE—Aims to de- velop teachers of agriculture, farm demon- stration agents, and qualified rural leaders. SCHOOL OF BUSINESS—Aims to fit young men and young women for business and teaching positions along a variety of special- ized lines. SCHOOL OF EDUCATION—Aims to train teachers for high schools, for intermediate and grammar grades, and for primary grades. SCHOOL OF HOME ECONOMICS—Aims to train teachers of Home Economics for high schools and to train efficient home-makers. LIBRARY SCHOOL—Aims to prepare for librarianships in schools, colleges, and branch city libraries. SCHOOL OF MUSIC—Aims to meet the growing need for well-trained musicians, to serve as teachers and to co-operate in the advancement of music in church, school and community. SUMMER SCHOOL—Two terms of thirty school days each, for teachers exclusively. Graduate work for those qualified. BUILDING CONSTRUCTION—Aims to train THE THE skilled builders by instruction in building methods, field management, building mate- rials, trade practice, structural design, and principles of architecture. ACADEMY-—A standard four-year accredited high school preparing for college entrance. TRADE SCHOOL—Four year course on the high school level in each of twelve trades. JAMES E. GREGG, Principal To the ambitious teacher Hampton Institute, Va. who wants to keep up THE SUMMER SCHOOL OF TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE Offers courses in education, home economics, and agriculture leading to the bachelor of science degree; in business practice, technical arts, edu- cation and home economics leading to junior college diploma; and in NASHVILLE, TENN. GRADUATE SCHOOL in the Howard University School of Religion CS SPECIAL DEPARTMENTS IN MINISTERIAL TRAINING, RELI- GIOUS EDUCATION, SOCIAL SERVICE FOR COLLEGE GRADUATES New Courses of Study: Graduate Scholarships: An Enlarged Faculty: Splendid Opportunities for Practical Field Work: Unsurpassed Advantages Afforded by Connection with a Great University Located in the National Capitol. Students received at the beginning of each quarter. For FurTHER INFORMATION, ADDRESS: D. BUTLER PRATT, Dean School of Religion Howard University Washington, D. C. pre-normal work leading to the high school diploma. Completion of these courses enables teachers to get new state certificates and to renew old ones. The eighteenth annual session is divided into two terms of five weeks each: June 10 to July 13; July 15 to August 17. T For bulletin of courses and information write E. C. ROBERTS, Director, Summer School R. R. Moton, Principal USKEGEE INSTITUTE, ALABAMA Mr. Aaron Douglas, one of the most brilliant artists of the younger group. The design for our front page was re- produced on the cover of the Crisis for April. Our entertainment was planned and presented by Mr. Bill Robinson, famous tap dancer, known as ‘Bojangles’ and some of New York’s most distinguished persons were present to enjoy the program which featured stars from “Blackbirds” and our smartest night clubs. The admis- sion was raised to two dollars for this occasion since it was to be a special feature of the Twentieth Anniversary Campaign in New York City. Between seasons cake sales, rum- mage sales and card parties have been sponsored by members to help defray certain expenses and each year Mrs. Marion Beasley makes candy to be sold at the dances. It is packed in attractively hand painted boxes and this year at our Spring Dance, Mrs. Beasley cleared $85.00 on the sale of her candy. We encourage our mem- bers to promote these individual efforts in order that the proceeds may be used to underwrite our large affairs, which we hope to give at least twice a year. I think the secret of our success is that we have never failed to live up to our promises to the public. We have never failed to present what we have advertised in advance. Details are care- fully and thoughtfully worked out for the comfort of our guests, sometimes at a loss for us, but always our public must be happy and well pleased. For the past two years during my administration as Chairman I have tried to develop a closer association be- tween the National Office and our Committee. It seemed to me that with a more intimate relationship the wo- men would become more deeply con- cerned in the program of the National Association, be more aware of their needs and thereby wish to assume a very definite and serious responsibility through the medium of their commit- tee. We have not always known success in our various undertakings. At times we have been desperately unhappy over a lack of response and enthusiasm from our members and the public. But al- ways there were a few of us who held on, feeling that we could not leave the National Office without a supporting Committee in New York. I think there are those among us’ who have caught the great spirit of the Associa- tion’s work, some who are deeply aware of its tremendous value. If we can pass that appreciativeness of its worth on to those to whom we wish to appeal, I believe that our Women’s Committee will have proven itself to be of real service to the National Of- fice. THE Crisis

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yup. re- ISIS was Bill wn Yew vere hich and mis- this cial sary um- een fray Irs. be 1 in and Irs. e of em- ‘orts used hich r. ss is p to have have -are- - for es at ublic / my have 1 be- our with wo- con- ional their ne a ility imit- iccess times over from it al- held e the rting think have socia- eeply if we f its ish to men’s If to | Of- “RISIS Captain Floyd (Continued from page 231) ‘We have decorated Captain James W. Floyd of the tug ‘Dauntless’, be- cause he, like the name of the craft he commanded, was fearless and daring; because in spite of the Federal Navy, in spite of the Spanish Men of War, in spite of adverse conditions and under any kind of weather, he conducted one after another, several expeditions to Cuba and supplied our men with those things they needed most—food, arms, clothing and munitions. Gentlemen, Captain J. W. Floyd of the ‘Dauntless’ is as much of a Cuban patriot as those who, with the arms he took in his tug, fought the Spaniards in our country.” N. A. A. C. P. Battle Front (Continued from page 233) good deal of certain of the people who have directed it. I take the letterhead of their stationery and I remember sume of the people who are mentioned thereon as officers or directors, or whatever you may call it, of the As- sociation. There is the Reverend John Haynes Holmes—perhaps the first man in all of New York City to conduct a great church in which the purpose is not the Fear of God but the Love of Man. There is Oswald Garrison Vil- lard, who has made successful the one iree liberal weekly in America. There is J. E. Spingarn—if this were Ger- many I should give him his proper title of Major Dr. Prof. Spingarn— who is the first man who introduced into America the study of literature not as a segregated New England phe- nomenon but as a world factor. There is James Weldon Johnson, who, along with Carl Sandburg, has given to America the realization that we have here a native beauty and a native music comparable to the best in Europe. There is Dr. W. E. B. Du Bois, who is almost the only man I have ever met in twenty countries whose sense of humor is equal to his scholarship. There is Walter White, whom I have put last in this list because he is one of the best friends that I have. That I have praised Mr. White’s novels is less important than the fact of my ad- miration for him as a charming—and rather curiously heroic—human being. So this is all that I have to say about the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People—that I know of no organization in the world for whose leaders I have so much ad- miration. H. L. Mencken, Editor ‘“The Amer- ican Mercury,” author “The American Language”, ‘Prejudices’ and other works: July, 1929 HARTSHORN MEMORIAL COLLEGE Richmond, Va. NOW—An Academy Eventually—A College for t he Separate Education DAVID G. MULLISON, Pres. RICHMOND, VA. | Rust College GOING TO COLLEGE? Come to Rust College—Beautifully Located. Students from Fourteen States oe College of Liberal Arts, Standard Normal, Home Economics, Music, Junior and Senior High Schools. E@eleat Faculty. New Equipment for Laberaterice, Enlarged Library. Ratee Reasonable For further iaformation write President L. M. McCoy Holly Springs : Mississippi School 26F Scoln Si St _N-Y.C. Secretarial All Commercial Course Civil Service Course REGENTS AIDS: Algebra, English, Gram- mar, Arithmetic-elementary and ad- vanced, Social Science, Geography and U. S. History. SPECIAL CORRESPONDENCE COURSE —for license No. 1 Exam. N. Y. City Elementary Schools. SUMMER SCHOOL COACHING — 90 hours July-August classes now forming May examins. LECTURE COURSE now organizing. INSTRUCTORS: Gilby Robinson L.L.B. (Lond) F.1LP.S. Howard Day B.S., M. A. (Fordham University New York). CATALOGUES ON REQUEST Phone Monument 3620 training classes. Bethune-Cookman Colle ge (Formerly The Daytona Normal and Industrial Inst.) DAYTONA BEACH, FLORIDA LL QCATED in the besutiful Helifex country ea the East coast of Florida. An institution where ity is afforded for the highest and best in tion. Offering courses in JUNIOR COLLEGE Normal Training School for Teachers College Preparatory PECIAL work offered in Commerce, Music, De- mestic Science and Art, Agriculture and Care pentry. Athletics encouraged for Boys and Gils. oe Dormitory Facilities uncurpasced. FOR INFORMATION, Write so Mary McLeod Bethune, President Epwarp WATERS COLLEGE JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA An ‘deal Christian Heme Scheel in the Meart of Beautiful Florida For students unable to stand the rigors of a Northern Winter. Grammar School, Junior High School, Senior High School (Accredited by The Florida State Board of Education), Normal School, School of Theology, Music, Com- mercial Courses, College Courses leading to B.A., and B.S., Degrees. Domestic Science and Art, Band, Military Training for men, Physical Education for women. Bishep Joueph 8. Flipper Ghalrasan bon of ‘Trastece Allen University Columbia, $. C. A Co-Educational Institutiea Offering Courses in THE JUNIOR eciees FOR TEACHERS ARTS AND SCIENCES THEOLOGY MUSIC COMMERCB HOME ECONOMICS YRACHER TRAINING A SPECIALTY DEGREES: A.B., B.D., Th.B., A.B. in Education Approved by the State J Sosth Ceroline. Aided by the Slater Fand end the Generel Educotion Boerd. Facilities increased this eer. DAVID H. SIMS, President BISHOP JOHN HURST, Chairman Trustee Board The Stenographers’ Institute . 1227 S. 17th you a competent “stenographer, book- keeper or typist in a short Fall term begins October 1, 1929—Prepare to take Civil Service Examinations. ponies known as DUNCAN’S BUSINESS HOO) St., Phila., Pa. They’ THE FRANCIS E. W. HARPER GIRLS’ DORMITORIES 1424 Christian Street Philadelphia, Pa. Heme Privileges and Special Rates te Students and Professional Women. MISS JESSIE M. WATKINS, 247

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If it had achieved nothing else, the Wiley College National Association for the Advance- MARSHALL, TEXAS ment of Colored People would have M. W. DOGAN, President deserved the thanks of every fair man H. J. MASON, Executive Secretory for its excellent campaign against Ideals, Wraditions, Standards ef the Finest Quality. lynching. The campaign was carried re eae ——— on with courage and intelligence and Calage, Bent Hise Behool, Rrtensien, Cerrespen- its results are visible in the annual re- denee, usie, emmerce, e Eeenemi le eo . . tien fer Study et Prohibitien and the Negre— turns. I believe that it has accom- research publie: phases. . x Suen abundant eopertenity to etedents fer wain- plished more than any Federal law img in qualities of leadership. ; : . Th 1 h Mxecllent student personnel, fine College atmes- could have accomplished. The South- wholeseme student activities. ° Chex pienship debating and athletic teame, erners have been made ashamed of their juates admit ir te it universities. . * Diplome recegaised in number of states. lynching record and that is better than Fer further information, write the Dean er trying to use force on them. REGISTRAR. : The other enterprises of the Asso- ciation have been carried on with equal WANTED EVERYWHERE diligence and wisdom. I believe that poy octet deg ; its services have been of great public Gooke, Scamstreseee, Typists, Stenographers, value and that they will be of even Downingtown Industrial greater value hereafter. > Certainly it deserves the support of and Agricultural School every man who believes in fair play. DOWNINGTOWN, PA. The United States will never be com- (Under the Supervision of the Pennsyl- . waeseice . J ais Bouteut oF take Gens pletely civilized until the least Negro SPECIALIZES in the most backward State has full pees oak wae ond aed tee, ont equality under the law with the most Healthy Climate Outside ef City influential white man. This ideal, Faeulty ef Cellege-trained Teachers ° . * Junior and Senler High Scheel | Courses perhaps, may never be realized, but it is Preperly i. je Seeial . ° certainly worth while to struggle for Fer further iieenntion write it. J. H. N. WARING, JR. Principal Oswald Garrison Villard, pub- licist, champion of liberal causes, edi- tor of The Nation: VIRGINIA UNION As one of the founders of the Na- UNIVERSITY tional Association for the Advancement RICHMOND, VIRGINIA of Colored People, I naturally take the ATED as 0 class A college by the profoundest pride in its success, and State Boards of Education in Vir- its long record of accomplishment. I ginia and North Carolina. have but one fault to find with it, and In addition to the general college cur- that is that it does not accomplish five ee ae offered in the follow- or six times as much as it does. The only reason that it does not is perfectly “Sa en plain: it has not the means to do so. Conmamercial But these twenty years of its activity For additional information have only reinforced in me the intense address THE PRESIDENT feeling that I had in 1908, that an or- ganization like this, militantly led, un- compromising and unyielding as to the rights of the Negro, is the prime need of the colored people in America. I think I am prouder of being one of Do you desire to earn extra money in an interesting work? the first five to found this Association Write for terms to agents. than almost anything else in my long Aditi career of meddling in other people’s business. THE CRISIS Paul M. Warburg, banker, former member Federal Reserve Board, U. S. Secretary International High Commis- sion, 1917: It is a genuine pleasure to express to the Officers and Directors of the National Association for the Advance- 69 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. Crisis agents earn thousands of dol- lars every year. MORRISTOWN NORMAL AND INDUSTRIAL COLLEGE ‘A School of Character” Co-Educational. Fully accredited High School, Normal and College. Strong Faculty. Modern equipped dormitories, Administration Building and new gymnasium. Large athletic field. Manual training, auto mechanics, domestic arts, vocal, violin and instrumental music. Teacher training, state certificates and placement bureau. EXPENSES MODERATE IDEALLY LOCATED SEND FOR CATALOG JUDSON S. HILL, D.D., President Morristown, Tcnnessee 248 ment of Colored People my sincerest felicitations upon the occasion of the Twentieth Anniversary of the Society. The Association is looking back upon two decades of excellent service done in a most deserving cause. None of the many groups that constitute the conglomerate picture of our population has had a harder road to travel than the colored people. To none of them ought we to feel a deeper responsibil- ity and a keener desire to relieve their fate than to our colored fellow citizens. The Association has rendered yeo- man service in aiding our colored peo- ple when in distress and in blazing the way for a better recognition of their rights. I hope that in the next dec- ades the Association will continue its beneficent work with the same success as it has achieved in the past. Browsing Reader (Continued from page 234) lutionary War, and through him she might join the D. A. R. But she asked “confidentially”, could that matter of “his—er—color be left out?” Walter White in ‘Flight’ records the facts of an excursion of a New Orleans girl from the colored race to the white race and back again. Jessie Fauset in “Plum Bun” considers the spiritual experiences and rewards of such an excursion, but the story: of the excursion fades into unimportance be- side that historical document of the description of a colored Philadelphia family. That characterization ought to live in literature. Nella Larsen attempts quite a dif- ferent thing. She explains just what “passing” is: the psychology of the thing; the reaction of it on friend and enemy. It is a difficult task, but she at- tacks the problem fearlessly and with consummate art. The great problem is under what circumstances would a per- son take a step like this and how would they feel about it? And how would their fellows feel? So here is the story: Irene, who is faintly colored, is faint with shopping. She goes to a hotel roof for rest and peace and tea. That’s all. Far from being ashamed of herself, she is proud of her dark husband and lovely boys. Moreover, she is deceiving no one. If they wish to recognize her as Spanish, then that is their good fortune or mis- fortune. She is resting and getting cool and drinking tea. Then suddenly she faces an entirely different kind of prob- lem. She sees Clare and Clare recog- nizes her and pounces on her. Clare is brilliantly beautiful. She is colored in a different way. She has been rather brutally kicked into the white world, and has married a white man, almost in self-defense. She has a daughter, THE Crisis

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the ack vice one the tion han rem ibil- heir ens. yeo- peo- the heir dec- > its “cess she sked r of -ords New ce to | essie ; the Is of f the e be- the Iphia yught . dif- what f the 1 and he at- with em is a per- vould vould vho is pping. t and from proud boys. ie. If vanish, r mis- g cool ly she ' prob- recog- Clare olored rather world, almost ighter, CRISIS 4 See eat SREE: SNA CNG: SLANE AEER RTOS a ake eRe ma Hi manta whe but she is lonesome and eyes her play- mate Irene with fierce joy. Here is the plot. Its development is the reaction of the race-conscious Puritan, Irene; the lonesome hedonist, Clare; and then the formation of the rapidly developing triangle with the cynical keen rebel, Irene’s husband. If the American Negro renaissance gives us many more books like this, with its sincerity, its simplicity and charm, we can soon with equanimity drop the word “Negro”. Meantime, your job is clear. Buy the book. The Blacker the Berry IT is a little difficult to judge fairly Wallace Thurman’s “The Blacker the Berry”. Its theme is one of the most moving and tragic of our day. The first chapter states it clearly: “Emma Lou had been born in a semi- white world, totally surrounded by an all-white one, and those few dark ele- ments that had forced their way in had either been shooed away or else greeted with derisive laughter. It was the cus- tom always of those with whom she came into most frequent contact to ridi- cule or revile any black person or object.” Here is the plight of a soul who suffers not alone from the color line, as we usually conceive it, but from the additional evil prejudice, which the dominant ideals of a white world create within the Negro world itself. The author has one passage which will make every colored reader thrill: ““Emma Lou Morgan.’ “The principal had called her name again, more sharply than before and his smile was less benevolent. The girl who sat to the left of her nudged her. There was nothing else for her to do but to get out of that anchoring chair and march forward to receive her diploma. But why did the people in the audience have to stare so? Didn’t they all know that Emma Lou Morgan was Boise High School’s only nigger student? Didn't they all know—but what was the use. She had to go get that diploma, so sum- moning her most insouciant manner, she advanced to the platform center, brought every muscle of her lithe limbs into play, haughtily extended her shiny black arm to receive the proffered diploma, bowed a chilly thanks, then holding her arms stiffly at her sides, insolently returned to her seat in that forboding white line.” This is the theme, but excellent as is the thought and statement, the author does not rise to its full develop- ment. The experience of this black girl at the University is well done, but when she gets to Harlem she fades into the background and becomes a string upon which to hang an almost trite description of black Harlem. The story of Emma Lou calls for genius to develop it. It needs deep psy- chological knowledge and pulsing sym- pathy. And above all, the author must July, 1929 $20 to $40 PER WEEK EASY Beautiful religious mottoes, Christ among colored people, etc. Story Book for chil- dren, pictures of prominent ministers, Negro History, Dunbar Poems, etiquette book, re- ligious books, bibles, testaments, $1 per hour easily made, full or part time. Write quick for terms, name territory wanted, AUSTIN JENKINS CO. NO. 523 NINTH ST., N. W. WASHINGTON, D. C., U. S. A. Itis the Duty of Human Beings to be attractive The EAST INDIA HAIR GROWER will help you by increas- ing the strength and natural health and beauty of your hair. BME S.O.LYONS | [ your Hair is Dry and Wiry or if you are bothered with Falling Hair, Dandruff, Itching Scalp or any Hair Trouble, we want you to try a jar of EAST INDIA HAIR GROWER. The remedy contains medica! properties that go to the roots of the Hair, stimu- late the skin, helping nature do its work. Leaves the hair soft and silky. Per- fumed with a balm of a thousand flow- ers. The best known remedy for Heavy and Beautiful Black Eye-Brows. Also restores Gray Hair to its Natural Color. Can be used with Hot Iron. PRICE SENT BY MAIL, Se. 1@c Extra for Postage AGENTS OUTFIT 1 Hair Grower, 1 Temple Oil, 1 Sham- a Pressing > Face Cream and em fer Selling, $3.00. 25¢ Bxtra fes Postage. S. D. LYONS 316 N. Central, Dept. B. OKLAHOMA CITY, OKLA. | AGENTS WANTED EVERYWHERE For particulars write the Director of Agencies THE CRISIS 69 Fifth Avenue New York City Why They Like the Savoy ems in thousands of dollars have been expended to provide a place for Dancing— that is beautiful—luxurious— spacious and well ventilated. I is an institution where- Merely having two orches- tras, is hardly enough. But having two great orchestras, better by far than any similar place in America is another reason why everyone derives the keenest enjoyment from their visits here. If you wish to eat or drink, there is a commodious re- freshment room where the finest of drinks and Chinese food are served at prices that are lower than any place in town. It is not necessary how- ever to utilize this service. Last but not least is our staff of employees. Cour- teous, attentive, ready to serve your slightest wish, they are here to see that the enviable reputation we have gotten is maintained al- ways... rms SAVOY’S CREED To Serve — To Serve zealously — To Serve efficiently — To Serve joyfully — tems For service, after all, is paramount; everything else— including profit—is incidental. ems Savoy World’s Finest Ballroom Lenox Avenue 140-141st St., New York 249

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HOTELS HOTEL OLGA 695 Lenox Ave. cor. 145th St. NEW YORK CITY SELECT FAMILY AND TOURIST HOTEL Running hot and cold water in each room. All rooms outside exposure. Service: subway and surface cars at door. Rates reasonable. ED. H. WILSON, Proprietor Telephone: Audubon 3796 You packed your bags for the trip and bought your ticket to the big city; but the white hotels did not take colored guests and the white taxicab driver did not know where to direct you! With a copy of THe Crisis from the nearest newsstand you easily solved the problem. Consult THe Crisis before you start on your next trip. WHITELAW HOTEL Thirteenth & T Sts. Northwest WASHINGTON, D. C. Official headquarters for railroad tourists and school pilgrimages to the Nation’s Capital. Auto parties find this hotel ideal, free park- ing, every luxury, reasonable rates. C. B. LEE, Manager EAT National Capital t THURSTON’S 1934 9th Street (near U) N. W. WASHINGTON, D. C. Close to Howard University Near All Big Theatres In the heart of the choice homes and leading churches The last word in modern equipment enables us to serve the best meals at lowest cost When in New York make the HOTEL DUMAS Your stopping place 205 W. 135th Street At Seventh Avenue Just across the street from Everywhere Telephones BRADHURST 1131 AUDUBON 4343 Price Lowest Service Unsurpassed other none There are Hotels, but Better than The HOTEL DUMAS F. C. FANE, prop. Wanted Teachers English, science, math., music, li- brarian. Some graduate work pre- ferred. Other positions. Standard Teachers’ Agency 1011 N. Y. Ave., Wash, D. C. COLUMBUS, OHIO The Plaza Hotel Medere conveniences, supericr service and reasenable tates. We eater to the traveling public. Tetephens. Adams 9378 LON@ STREET AT HAMILTON AVENUE YOUNG MEN! When in Chicago stay at the Y. M. C. A. Com- fortable rooms, cafeteria, gymnasium, aatate rium. Employment Bureau for members. For further information address Y. M. C. A. 3763 Wabash Avenue CHICAGO Will see you at Cleveland June 26- July 2 at meeting of the N. A. A. C. P. believe in black folk, and in the beauty of black as a color of human skin. I may be wrong, but it does not seem to me that this is true of Wallace Thur- man. He seems to me himself to deride blackness; he speaks of Emma’s color as a “‘splotch” on the “pale purity” of her white fellow students and as mock- ing that purity ‘with her dark outland- ish difference”. He says, “It would be painted red—Negroes always bedeck themselves and their belongings in ridiculously unbecoming clothes and ornaments.” It seems to me that this inner self- despising of the very thing that he is defending, makes the author’s defense less complete and less sincere, and keeps the story from developing as it should. Indeed, there seems to be no real de- velopment in Emma’s character; her sex life never becomes nasty and com- mercial, and yet nothing in her seems to develop beyond sex. Despite all this, the ending is not bad, and there is a gleam of something finer and deeper than the main part of the novel has furnished. One judges such a book, as I have said, with diffi- culty and perhaps with some prejudice because of the unpleasant work in the past to which the author has set his hand. Yet this book may be promise and pledge of something better, for it certainly frankly faces a problem which most colored people especially have shrunk from, and almost hated to face. W. E. B. D. Problem of Summer (Continued from page 235) tages, private and public, and a club house. Summer resorts are growing up nearby, as at Westwoodland Park, and there is a colored cottage colony at Benton Harbor. In Minnesota, Wis- consin and Michigan, there are in some cases private country cottages. In the far West, Denver and Colorado Springs have hotels, boarding houses and camps for colored folk, but nearly all white resorts are closed to them. In the Northwest, there are a few hotels at Portland, Tacoma and Seattle; and in California at Oakland and San Francisco, where Negroes may also often use the regular hotels; in Southern California, there are hotels at Los Angeles and San Diego. To this general survey may be added the large number of colored persons who visit the large cities like New York, Philadelphia, Chicago and Bos- ton in summer time. Here they find hotel and boarding house accommoda- tions and the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. Summer school students by the thousands find vacation and work at Hampton, Tuskegee, Nashville and At- lanta, and also Northern Colleges. THE Crisis Nee eal at SF Ce rte iN (mRNA es ANS APE CRISES SIDR

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eauty in. I ‘m to hur- leride color y” of nock- land- ld be edeck rs in and -self- he is *fense keeps ould. il de- ; her com- seems s not thing art of udges | diffi- judice in the et his ‘omise for it which have » face. D. 1 club ng up k, and ny at Wis- 1 some in the lorado houses nearly m. a few and akland 25 may Is; in hotels added yersons New 1 Bos- y find :moda- Y. W. by the ork at nd At- ylleges. CrIsIs : pl DP CARR mctbomnt iter oR ri $10,000 a Year For Its 20 Years’ Work Is the N.A.A.C.P. Worth This to America? Will You Help Raise $200,000 in Its 20th Anniversary Year for the Oldest Organi- zation Since the Civil War Championing the Cause of the American Negro? 5 Fundamental Victories Before the U. S. Supreme Court Profound Changes in Public Sentiment Stand to Its Credit ALL SAFEGUARDING BASIC CITIZENSHIP RIGHTS Strengthen Your Organization the N.A.A.C.P. Increase the Power of its Organ The Crisis By Raising Its Subscription List to 50,000 Names GIVE FOR YOURSELF AND FOR THOSE WHO CANNOT J. E. SPINGARN, Treas., 69 FirtH AVENUE, New York, N. Y. DO eign ke sds as my contribution toward the $200,000 Fund being raised in the 20th Anniversary Year of the N.A.A.C.P. to carry for- ward and extend its work. gs rk ti PL a 8 dee 3 et nen eet ee DG 08 rw oe Sle ht Ce a eet tte a oo le ee, beet eee

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