The Crisis 1928-03: Vol 35 Iss 3

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A “iba . (3 ale iS SSS 1928 awk Ma PEK “ oO \ \ ff : OL ifs? F “se vicczee MARCH ; ( ( , ( ( , 5 a rou

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Southern Aid Society of Virginia, Inc. Presents ae Office stall A Condensed Financial Statement of 525-7-9 N. 2nd St. Richmond, Va. its Business for 1927 INCOME FOR 1927 DISBURSEMENTS FOR 1927 Claims Paid to Policyholders...$ 376,120.97 Cash Balance Brought Forward Snteniiiate aad Al Chiles Dn. Jam. 1, 1927 ........2-500. $ 393,325.24 Ne ba ae ee ads 445,002.18 Premiums and Sundry Accounts 851,881.74 Total Disbursements ......... $ 821,123.15 Cash Balance, Dec. 31, 1927... 424,083.83 Total Receipts ..........0.5. $1,245,206.98 ee oe Gin ke ea ce ae $1,245,206.98 NE FE a NE ee ey ee ee $ 424,083.83 CT ee Tee CO ee ee ae 100.00 eee Wie td 6 ck iraiglh els ake Ake ve mee eww aaa eins 13,718.74 I oo Gn ie nig ga Wing ideal ja ee Ws 6 e oe a, wpa 104,329.70 Ga hse inl nc uth Gon ible Bob Saha ww woe We wo se ved 67,070.00 a isn 5s Shi WA ph hie ew oO ¥'%.0 4-4 KS Wen SOS 8. aele 373,601.96 Pe ec na NE Col ie Di hyn acl 4,859.05 ip te ele anise sis Gr ie Wisse vel be in nw wile SS re Mb Maverg tone Ww falda $ 987,763.28 EE er eed ee ee ee $ 100,000.00 EO CES LER ET FECOEE CTE PULTE PCOTETE 30,588.91 Reserve for Unpaid Claims, Interest and Taxes................... 12,879.14 GG his ann ie wk We 4s 9.0.5 «One 66 pad nKG.€ 6 ore ee 334,690.00 Ns aa 2s Ce shad wea oe bObe SE kao Heed Dre 20,048.00 Total Liabilities OR RA on $ 498,206.05 Surplus Reg a oe eg ie ee i ot $ 489,557.23 Paap Awan cts th c'e'g 4G nese ee RAS MW eiole- a wikia $ 987,763.28 CARUTAL ADU SURPLUS ............... cece cc cc cc ccccccce $ 589,557.23 ‘ A EES a ere $4,772,229.76 Write for your copy of the report. Southern Aid Society of Virginia, Inc. Home Office: 525-7-9 N. 2nd Street, Richmond, Va. Insurance Against: SICKNESS, ACCIDENT and DEATH Operating in State of Virginia and District of Columbia

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THE CRISIS A Record of the Darker Races W. E. BurcHarpt Dv Bots, Editor and Manager Wright HE world fights for oil to fight the world. Idiots!—How soon is possible? Mr. Hughes has prom- ised that the United States will leave Nicaragua and Haiti as soon as pos- sible—The Havana Pan-American Conference has been cut, dried and hung on Mr. Coolidge’s belt—Tom Mooney is still in a California jail for a crime which he never committed.— Malines and Lausanne and the Pope’s intransigeant word have put an end to dreams of unity in Christian faith. There is now a chance to achieve unity in Christian practice—Do not for a moment think that our high moral scruples against trade with Russia are based on fear of the Bolsheviks. Sim- ply the bondholders who loaned money to the Czar fear that the Russian Revo- lution will not pay them for making their Revolution costly.—Goethals, father of the color Line in Panama and builder of the Canal with black hands, is dead.—Simple Simon has gone to India—Our raised hats to the Ameer of the Afghans and Queen Thuraya.—Also to Mr. Thomas Hef- lin, the finest product of the nullifica- tion of the 14th Amendment.—Disso- lution and new elections in Japan and Volum ss, Nes Contents for March, 1928 COVER. African Witch Mask and Fetish in Design. By Roscoe C. AS THE CROW FLIES .......... KRIGWA, 1928. Announcement of Prizes ...............0..eceeee 76 BATHESDA OF SINNERS RUN. Feehan, GD o's dedi wik's oe dign aie THE FLOOD, THE RED CROSS AND THE NATIONAL GUARD. FRI a. cies 6.00 wi éle id Wisre: seiela le SMMEE SH PRO ER eas & ¥ oie bles 80 THE N. A. A. C. P. BATTLE FRONT. Illustrated ................. 82 THE STUDENT VOLUNTEER MOVEMENT. Illustrated ....... 84 THE LITTLE PAGE. Illustrated. By Effie Lee Newsome ......... 85 THE BROWSING READER. Illustrated .......................... 86 THE POET’S CORNER. Poems by Allison Davis and Edward Silvera 87 PHOTOGRAPH FROM LIFE. By James L. Allen ............... 88 ALONG THE COLOR LINE. Illustrated ..........cccscsccccceees 89 TEA Pe. oko soos ov cco» CP ee eae s voce haeuce asweewse 94 POSTSRC RIEL. - ter We We. i. Dew Beets i hee iin tie Fas beds 96 Whole No. 209 Page Illustrated. A Story by Maude As the Crow Flies ou a eee the reactionary Tanaka Government watching the dangerous growth of Democracy.—By a vote of 61 to 23 the United States Senate has declared that it can bar a member because of a fraudulent primary election. Careful, Mr. Swanson of Virginia: do not talk too loud and long —Women will suf- fer from the deeds of the first woman Secretary of the State almost as much as Negroes suffered from the first poor cook.—Hail to Sandino! Brave pa- triot of Nicaragua—Two and one- half billion dollars will give us either the biggest navy in the world or the finest system of education in brain, body and soul. It would be easy for a great statesman to choose. It is not easy for Wilbur.—The farmers have a candidate for President. Big busi- ness in Hoovering near. Stand Pat Coolidge is still on the siding. The mass of Americans have no candidate. —Ten thousand more French troops leave the Rhine. Fifty thousand re- main to prepare for the next war.— The Four Horsemen of the Apoca- EN HE April Crisis will have the powerful climax of “Bathesda of Sinners Run”; a report on the school conditions in Oklahoma; and an Easter Cover. Later, Brenda Ray Moryck’s story “Days”; Ma- rita Bonner’s striking “The Young Blood Hungers”’ illus- trated by Aaron Douglas; Clement Wood on Haiti; and lovely covers. \ ey” lypse have whirled his soul into Our Sea.—Earl Haig of Haig and Haig Whiskey and also of the World War is dead.—Bruce Flowers, colored, as usual had to fight both his opponent and the referees—The war between Rome and Mexico is still waging.— China bleeds and Europe is politely complacent.—Mr. Borah would like to know if presidential candidates will support the 18th Amendment? We would like to know if Mr. Borah will support the 14th and the 15th?—The American Delegation to Cuba visited the monument of the mulatto Maceo at Mariel. Maceo turned in his grave and smiled.—Isn’t Plunkett droll? How he joked and laughed about worms and war; lice and gangrene; the blind and the bloody; the cripples and widows; the orphans and prosti- tutes; poverty, crime and hell. Ha! Ha! Ha! It was too funny.— Haven’t we got the fine judicial sys- tem! Hats off and stand up: His Honor the Court! Who stole two millions in Continental oil? Don’t know. Who stole eight millions in Brooklyn sewers? Can’t say. Who can raise the five cent fare in New York? His Honor, the Court! The Crisis is published monthly and copyrighted by the National As- . ren Pe le at 69 Fifth Avenue, sociatios for the Advancement of Colore New York, N. Y. 15 cents a copy, $1.50 @ year. March, 1928 oreign subscriptions $1.75. The date of expiration of each subscription is printed on the wrapper. When the subscription is due a blue renewal blank is enclosed. The address @ subscriber may be changed as often as desired, but both the ald and new address must be given and two weeks’ notice is necessary. Manw- scripts and drawings relating to colored dete are desired. be accompanied by return postage and while Z assumes no responsibility for their safety im transit. Entered as second class matter November 2, 1910, at the post office at New Yerk, N. Y., under the act of March 3, 1879. hey must HE Crisis uses every care it 75 rh nome TOG BOF em RRND A A ne NG

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KRIGWA, 1928 THE CRISIS takes pleasure in announcing for the year 1928, $1,350 in prizes. These prizes fall in two parts. First: THE CHARLES WADDELL CHESNUTT HONORARIA Prizes of $50 each month, $600 for the year A friend gives us $600 for prizes in Literature and Art. This sum goes to extend the idea of the Charles Waddell Chesnutt Honoraria which we established last year. The prizes are named in honor of the Dean of modern American Negro literature, Charles Waddell Chesnutt, who will be seventy years old in 1928. He began to contribute his stories to the ATLANTIC MONTH- LY in 1887, over forty years ago. Between 1899 and 1905 he published four novels which transformed the meaning of the black man in literature: “The Wife of His Youth” in 1899, “The House Behind the Cedars” in 1900, “The Marrow of Tradition” in 1901 and “The Colonel’s Dream” in 1905. We are happy to learn that next year a new novel is expected from Mr. Chesnutt’s pen. In honor of this man we distributed for 1927, $350 in prizes for the best articles published in THE CRISIS. This year we are going to expand this idea. Of the articles and drawings of any sort which THE CRISIS accepts and publishes in any month, written or done by persons not officially connected with the staff, we are going to select each month three for prizes. For the First Prize, $25; for the Second Prize, $15; for the Third Prize, $10. We shall thus distribute $600 for contributions appearing in THE CRISIS between April, 1928 and March, 1929. There is here no limitation of subject, length or kind of treatment; but the article must have been accepted by the Editors of THE CRISIS and published. Drawings which have been accepted and published as illustrations or covers will be considered for the prizes. The decision as to which contribution merits a prize will rest with the Editors, but they invite written comment from the readers and will give such comments careful consideration. THE ECONOMIC PRIZES Eight colored banks and five colored insurance societies have promised us $750 for prizes on Negro economic development. “The economic development of the Negro in the last two decades has been phenomenal and it is time that the new development of Art and Literature among us should be linked up with the economic trend.” The following Negro business organizations contributed to these prizes: INSURANCE COMPANIES The Liberty Life Insurance Company, Chicago. The National Benefit Life Insurance Company, Washington. The North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company, Durham. The Northeastern Life Insurance Company, Newark. The Southern Aid Society, Richmond. The Supreme Life and Casualty Company, Columbus. The Victory Life Insurance Company, Chicago. BANKS The Binga State Bank, Chicago. The First Standard Bank, Louisville. The Peoples Finance Corporation, St. Louis. The Prudential Bank, Washington. The St. Lukes Penny Savings Bank, Richmond. We are offering with this sum prizes for short stories, essays or cartoons, which will illustrate or study or tell the story of the economic development of the Negro: of Negroes as laborers, as farmers, as skilled workers, as business men, in all the different lines of business. We are going to leave the field wide and lay down no limitations as to treatment. The articles should be of such length that each can be published in five or less of the printed pages of THE CRISIS. The prizes offered for 1928 will be as follows: One First Prize $200 One Second Prize $150 One Third Prize $100 Two Fourth Prizes $50 each Eight prizes for Honorable Mention $25 each A total of $750 The Contest opens April First and entries close December 31, 1928. Results will be announced in the early spring of 1929. Do not use pen-names; write your own name and address plainly on each manuscript. No manuscript will be returned under any circumstances. Keep a copy and send no stamps. Drawings if accompanied by sufficient postage will be returned in the spring of 1929. Each entry upon receipt will be acknowledged by postal card. The Editors of THE CRISIS in consultation with the donors will decide upon the prize winners. We should be glad to correspond with persons who wish further information concerning Krigwa, 1928. THE CRISIS, 69 Fifth Avenue, New York SSL SLL SL SSL SL SL SSL SL SSL SSL SSI SST THE Crisis . fami sion sing! Tho seve ers the The poin olog was accc tom Eng foul blin him Go pur wh at old hilt shi gin rid Sh so be it lik far on

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- ee be - A A ee. a OS EE RE ers Bathesda of Sinners Run A Story By MAUDE IRWIN OWENS T was like reading the Books of | Chronicles, to read in the Thornton family history of the attending succes- sion of slave women that formed the single line of Bathesda’s ancestry. The Thorntons had always boasted of their seven generations of slave housekeep- ers who had directly descended from the housekeeper of the first American Thornton. They would proudly point out the precious, faded entries, so faithfully recorded in the old gene- ology. The paternal side of the issue was always politely ignored in strict accordance with the manners and cus- toms of the South. The scapegrace younger son of an English baron, Richard Thornton, was founder of the family. When gam- bling debts and foul dueling forced him to flee his native land, he decided upon the colony of George II under Governor Oglethorpe. His first slave purchase was written in two sentences, which seemed to wink and laugh up at the reader with its tan ink and old fashioned lettering. It read: “On this day did I barter my gold hilted sword, some lace and several shillings to that villain from the Vir- ginia colony whom I do sorely despise —for a black wench to cook my por- ridge, brew my tea and wash my linen. She is comely withal and methinks, the temper of a noble blooded colt; so I have named the vixen, Jezebel.” From this Jezebel on the issue became mulatto and less mulatto: for it was written that Jezebel foaled a likely mustard-colored filly whose father and master, with malicious hu- mor, named for his King and the col- ony. O Jezebel became the mother of Georgie; who begat Abigail; whose brat was Callie; whose offspring was Ruth; whose child was Viney; whose daughter was Anne; and twenty years after slavery, came Ba- thesda. To the utter amazement and cha- grin of her erstwhile master and mis- tress, when the bell of freedom tolled for those in bondage, Anne betook her- self from under the Thornton roof, in spite of all the inducements and cajoleries the Thorntons offered. She married Enoch Creek, a fusion of Creek Indian, Negro and white and who chose to select his surname from the Indian blood which domi- nated his being. He was a bitter man, having no faith or belief in mankind March, 1928 or the institutions and principles of mankind; a religion of hatred that banned all but Anne and much later, little Bathesda. They founded a tiny home at Sin- ners Run, the Negro suburb of Thorn- tonville, Georgia, that had been called after a famous camp-meeting revival sermon preached there, years back. Their cabin was a little apart and elevated from the other huts and and goings of those who lived upon it. Anne attended the Sinners Run Baptist Church regularly and prayed that her husband find salvation. Enoch traded at the store because it was necessary—but after that, all socializ- ing with their neighbors ceased; un- less in the case of illness, when Anne was administering angel and healer of the small community. Within her lean yellow hands was the strange, “Becky took Li'l Jim up to see Bathesda regularly” Page 79 shacks of the Sinners Run people, so that they could look down upon the road which was alternatingly red clay or yellow mud and note the comings soothing power to allay pain, and from her husband, she learned much of the Indian mysteries of roots and herbs for medicinal use. 77

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HEY were thrifty and got along. For twenty years they worked, saved, improved their little two room home, and the acre upon which it stood. Anne was an expert needle- woman as Viney, Ruth and Callie had been before her; and she was in great demand in all the big houses down in Thorntonville. Enoch hired himself out as a plantation farmer, and in spite of his scowling silence, was known as a good hand. Then, at the age of forty—when all hope of bearing the traditional one girl-child had flown from the heart of Anne, it happened; and Bathesda made her advent into the life of Sin- ners Run. Enoch smiled for the first time— his squinting Indian eyes snapping with delight at the yellow gypsy-like Anne in the role of Madonna, with the ro- bust little papoose that was his. Of course the Thorntons got wind of it, investigated and greedily annexed one more generation to old Jezebel’s de- scendants, although the essence of re- flected glory had lost its flavor since the inconvenient Emancipation. The distinction of being the first of her line born out of slavery, was the most disgraceful thing that could have been written about Bathesda, into the sa- cred Annals, according to Thornton opinion. Two weeks later, Enoch stepped on a rusty spike. Blood-poisoning set in and, in spite of their combined knowl- edge of medicine and healing — his time had come to leave Anne and Ba- thesda, before Anne had convinced him there was a God. NNE turned from the unmarked grave, and faced the world alone with her baby, unflinchingly—with that calm independence that asked no pity. She went about her sewing at the houses of her patrons, for a while, carrying her infant with her. But as Bathesda began to toddle about, Anne realized her child should have home life, and be allowed to play in the vegetable patch and flower gar- den which Enoch had so painstakingly planted. So Anne took only work such as she could do at home, and her little daughter grew to be the marvel of the country side—a healthy, lovely child. She attended the broken down school-house to be taught by a wizened old maid from Connecticut a few months a year, and she sat at her mother’s knee, during the school pe- riod . . . both struggling eagerly to master a clear fluent English. Anne, being ardently religious, insisted that the little girl read her Bible and at- tend church regularly, in which she was reluctantly obeyed. 78 Thus Bathesda grew up to woman- hood. Beautiful—of deep-rooted in- telligence handicapped by inadequate schooling, a pagan love for the gor- geous wonders of Nature and a pas- sion for all things artistic. She be- came adept at the fine French seams and hemming; learned to feather- stitch the picturesque quilts on the huge frame, to weave highly imaginative Indian designs out of the bright silken rags into rugs and mats, to make the difficult Yankee hook rug, the knowl- edge of which had been introduced South by a Yankee Thornton bride; and best of all, she became an expert copier of the old ante-bellum samplers. Anne’s sampler embroidering frame looked worm-eaten—it was so old; and Bathesda considered it with great rev- erence. HEY made a picture to be remem- bered, sitting together at their artistic labors—the older woman and her daughter. Anne _ invariably talked religion to Bathesda having sensed a silent indifference which be- spoke much of Enoch’s atheism. When at the stuffy little church, the sermon had become highly exhortive, and the worshiper’s down-trodden souls burst forth in howling primitive devotion to a God they desperately believed in— even when great tears spilled down her quiet mother’s cheeks, Bathesda’s sole reaction was a disdainfully cold squinting of her pretty black eyes. “Tt’s Enoch! It’s Enoch!” mourned old Anne, as she watched the child of her old age flower into radiant woman- hood with no change of heart. “But Mother,” Bathesda would say, “vou take on so "bout nothin’. Ain’t we happy? We have always been dif- ferent from them in our way of livin’ and doin’ things and so how can you expect me to be like them in their church doin’s? You are not like them when you feel the spirit, Mother. You cry a little bit, but I have never seen you rear and tear and stomp and scream ‘halleluliah’ like someone crazy. . . .I hate it! My church is the purple mist stealin’ ahead of the red dawn— the chirpin’ wood-chucks; wild wood blossoms! If I ever ‘get religion’ Mother ’twill be in that kind of church, and not among the sweaty, hysterical hypocrites of your church. Why! I believe to my soul, Mother, you are the only real Christian among them, and do the least testifyin’!” “Child—you don’t understand. It is as real with them as life itself! It is given to each to work out his own des- tiny in the Lord, in his own way. It is the feelin’ that they are weak and sinful that overpowers them so—in their strivin’ to follow the Good Book.” “T don’t care "bout them anyways, Mother. We are better colored folks . that’s all. It just ain’t in them to be better. Look at their homes! Bare plank floors that all their scrub- bin’ and scourin’ don’t improve; walls plastered with newspapers full of pic- tures that they think are pretty; gunny-sacks tacked up to the windows . ugh! Give them their winter supply of potatoes, rice and hog meat . let them go to church and give chitterlin’ suppers plenty of shoutin’ and back-bitin’ and they are happy all winter long, Mother. But —look at our home!” HE waved her pale brown hand proudly around the room in which they sat. The walls were whitewashed. The floor was covered with a huge rag rug rich with colorful stripes and the single square window was draped with deep rose curtains that fluttered happily in the breeze. They had been made from flour bags soaked in kerosene to remove the printing, and dyed with berry juice. There were two fine old pieces of colonial mahogany in this outer room—a gigantic highboy and a marble-topped medicine chest. The other articles of furniture were three rush-bottomed chairs and a table that Enoch had made, and carved all over with the wierdly grotesque totem-pole gargoyles. Upon the mantel over the fireplace were a brilliant basket and two odd potteries also relics of the Creek strain in the father of Bathesda. Small painted tubs and cans were in interesting groups about the room, filled with plants of various sorts. “T don’t suppose I should say I hate them, Mother dear,” Bathesda con- tinued, “but I can get along without them. I shall do as you have always done . . . when they’re sick, I’ll make them well if they call upon me—but I don’t . . . I can’t be one of them in religion or otherwise.” “Ah, my child,” sadly smiled Anne, “you may have inherited the sense of medicine from Enoch, your father, but the Divine gift of healing can never descend upon a disbeliever . . . and you are the first of us women who has not been born with the gift since Mother Jezebel. She, even in her early day, was a Christian convert.” At this, Bathesda would shake her head impatiently as if flinging aside the admonitions of her mother, and the two long black braids would flare about her arms and shoulders. Then, bowing earnestly over her work, she would concentrate upon the exact copying of probably old Viney’s intri- cately designed sampler with the words —*“Little flakes make the biggest snow”, ordered by an antique dealer from Savannah. THE Crisis ne¢

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A EE Ae LT TT TT TTT, is: tage ELT TT Tang ATHESDA’S mother died in her sixtieth year, and never had there heen such a funeral in the history of Sinners Run. Unlike her husband who had only a faithful wife and new born babe to follow him to his grave— the entire countryside turned out to do honor to Anne Creek. All of the pres- ent generation of Thorntons came from their town house in Savannah, in full force, much to the awe of the Sinners Run folk. They even hinted about how appropriate and fitting it would be if Anne. were buried beside Viney, in Thorntonville; but Bathesda was obdurate. “Thank you, Mr. and Mrs. Thorn- ton, but my mother’s place is beside her husband. My father has been alone out there, long enough.” So the Thorntons had a second les- son in Negro independence. “Promise me, my daughter, that you will seek Jesus!” gasped Anne in her last consciousness. ‘Go to the church —seek Him until you find Him . and He will give you your birthright like he has given it to all the rest of us. Promise your poor old Mammy, Bathesda . . . baby!” And so she had promised to seek re- ligion and the power to heal the sick. Bathesda lived on, as the years rolled by, much as when Anne. lived. She made beautiful things with her graceful slender hands, and more money than she needed in her simple mode of living. She lived alone with the spirit presences of her parents, ex- cept for the loyal protection of a watch dog. She cared for the gay little ower garden tenderly and kept her graves freshly decorated in flower season. She grew her vegetables, also the roots and herbs with which she con- cocted her famous medicinal recipes. She attended the Sinners Run Baptist Church and contributed to its support; but the Indian in her worshipped only the wonders of Nature and she put no other gods before the beauty of the earth. HE colored people of Sinners Run envied and hated her, yet main- tained a deceitful courtesy that per- mitted them to call upon her when in need of intervention with white peo- ple, money or in sickness. Her ability to always smooth the way for them, in any form of distress, was known with a certainty that was uncanny to their superstitious minds. She could do all except smooth out actual pain like her mother had done. However, she did her all, in the name of Anne. . . she herself caring little for these crude mean-hearted and petty people, who grinned in her face for favors, and hissed “half white bastard” behind her back. This last amused her, however, March, 1928 since her intelligence allowed her to see no difference between the black and yellow progeny of the illicit unions of slavery. “What queer religion these folks have,” laughed the woman, “it breaks forth in a certain place, and at a cer- tain fixed time, then they lose it ’til the next time.” The women were especially in- censed against her, because—if they married at all, they invariably married men who Bathesda had rejected. She allowed each suitor in his time, to visit her, sit as long as he pleased admiring her at the embroidering rack, while she, with serene. indifference, hoped he would make his departure in time for her to take her dog and go to the crest for the sunset, or some such solitary jaunt. She could say “no” with a cool pleasantness that retained their good- will; but the wives to whom she gave the men up, hated her venemously for 30 doing. Hated her for wrapping her long glossy braids around and around her head in a coronet which made her a queen among them. Hated her for appearing so youthful despite her for- ty-seven years. Hated her for not shouting at church, and for failing to testify or profess. Hated her for hav- ing the prettiest house and garden in the community—for making the medi- cine that cured them. Hated her for weaving and embroidering while they took in washing, or labored beside their men in the cotton and corn fields. Hated her for her chaste aloofness of man, while they bore large families in the morass of poverty and misery. Hated her for showing contempt for the edicts of fashions and mail order houses up North or the cheap stores in Thorntonville and Savannah and for wearing the simply made, richly embroidered garments which none could duplicate. For all these reasons, the women of Sinners Run despised Bathesda. MONG them, she had one sin- cere friend in the person of young Becky Johnson. The dark- skinned girl had sought Bathesda in a frenzy one stormy midnight. Bathesda had donned her cape and ac- companied the wild young mother to the bedside of her baby who was strangling with dyptheria. It was a simple deed; the swabbing of the little throat with boiled vinegar and salt, with a few directions, but the brown girl had hugged Bathesda’s knees and kissed her comfortably shod feet in feverish adoration. ‘The father, too, had looked dumb gratitude with brim- ming eyes. After this incident, Becky took Li’l Jim up to see Bathesda regu- larly, and Bathesda became greatly at- tached to the small family, such devo- tion from Becky having awakened within her cold nature, something akin to affection. Becky’s sister, mother and grand- mother, strongly disapproved of this friendship. The sister, whose name was Cisseretta, was somewhat of a belle, and when rigged up in the cast- off clothes of the white people for whom she worked, was, for Sinners Run, quite elegant. She was light brown, with hazel eyes that were sly and coquettesh. Her hair was of that yellowish cotton-batten sort, known as riney. She meant to marry better than had her older sister, and scorned the field hands as prospective husbands, although she was not averse to keeping them from dancing attendance on the less discriminating girls of her set. The mother, Eliza Lambert, was about Bathesda’s age and a malicious “ves” woman to gossip and trouble making, although too stupid herself to even instigate a healthy lie. HE grandmother, Granny Lou, was an ancient crone, black as pitch, who had lost trace of her age, but knew everything pertaining to a scandalous nature concerning the fam- ilies of both races for miles around. She sat in one corner year in and year out, wrapped in filthy shawls and hoods summer and winter, smoking her foul clay pipe, and spitting snuff into the maw of the tumble-down stove, or gumming her vicious old tales. She was reputed to be the oldest woman in that section of Georgia, and to have borne more children than she herself knew; Eliza, being her youngest, to whom she had hitched herself. Just as most of the trouble making and un- der-current of evilness in the neighbor- hood could usually be traced to the chair of Granny Lou and Lambert household, so was she guilty of incit- ing most of the fierce antipathy among the women, against Bathesda. One particular early autumn morn- ing, she pursed and screwed her shrunken lips around to settle the snuff and saliva making a “Mpwhumn- mpwhumn” noise, and began lisping to Eliza who was washing: “Heh, heh! Ah sees whar dat-ar new ministah done gine sottin’ up to Thesdy’s already—heh, heh! ’Pears lak to me dat you ’omans ain’t slaves no moah an’ oughten’t go fer to put up wid sich cayyin’ on. Lize . . . Yo’ Cissy tryin’ to sot huh cap foah him, but ’pears lak to me, effen she gits him, won’t be twell dat Thes- day’s chawed ’im up an’ spat him back at huh! Heh, heh!” and as if to suit the word with the action, she spat into the pink wood ashes which were fall- ing out of the stove pit. (To be concluded in the April Cr.sis) 79 a NTRS manent ye 2 SINR SOURCE TO RR IE arenearen vrarcouanesie contenant ah ee iE +: eae LARA LARPS ARNE nae Coe a a AR A - neon aban eis tea Re A SN SC ARRAN 52

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The Flood, the Red Cross and the National MISSISSIPPI Helping the Planters HERE the need was shown the Red Cross furnished seed and feed for stock until a crop could be produced. Two crops were destroyed this year by flood and one by army worms and cut worms. Some planters put in cotton in July on the chance of an unprece- dentedly late fall. Seed for these as well as alfalfa, soy beans, sorghum, cow peas and similar feed crops - was fur- nished by the Red Cross. Part of these were lost by the drought in September but enough has been saved to fur- nish feed for the stock for the coming year, barring further disaster. The first plan of the Red Cross was to do no rebuilding on plantations of over 200 acres, the assumption being that the owners of such plantations could replace their own losses. After Mr. Hoover’s survey in Septem- ber this plan was changed and an ap- propriation was made to cover rebuild- ing and planting on all plantations ex- cept those which are company owned and therefore investment property. An agreement has been obtained from the companies holding the mortgages on these plantations extending the loan payments and interest and promising not to foreclose for a reasonable time. The planters hope that this rebuilding which includes repairs on damaged houses will check the migraton. However, few Negroes will go into the Delta until the flood season of next vear is well over. The Small Farmer HERE were many owners of small holdings from 20 to 60 acres or a little more. Such cases were handled individually by the Red Cross representative directly. There were many differences between the way white and colored cases were man- aged. For example, in order to ob- tain rations a colored owner was obliged to present a letter of recom- mendation from a white planter (any planter who was white was considered reputable), a condition which was not made in the case of whites. Fre- quently colored people in very great need were unable to get attention un- til a white person could be found who would speak in their behalf. 80 oot re] Guard cocrnertaalaineaiasttaliainsiedia nanan Third Installment Based on an Investigation Made by the N. A. A. C. P. in October, 1927 mg>e- Melville! An Instance of Waste BARGE-LOAD of sweet feed (oats and alfalfa ground and mixed with molasses) and meat, con- signed to Hollandale by the Red Cross was stopped at Murphy, the nearest landing: There was no means of con- veying it to Hollandale, and to release the barge the goods were dumped by the riverside. There was a very great need of these things at Murphy but they were watched and no one was al- lowed to take them. Before the wa- ter went down they had spoiled. Three thousand pounds of meat, and 250 sacks of feed worth at least as much were allowed to spoil in a locality in serious need of them. Near Panther Burn a barge-load of hay was dumped over-board, because it was too difficult to get it to shore, although farmers in that vicinity have said they would have been glad to go after it in their own bateaux. It appears to be a fact that the Red Cross prefers to have goods wasted rather than set aside its red tape. The Panther Burn Plantation HIS plantation consists of 14,000 acres and has several hundred Ne- gro tenant families. It is quite self- sustaining, and has a railroad station, store, commissary, blacksmith shop, church and school, three gins and seed houses. There are three plantation managers and a plantation doctor, There were, no houses lost on this place and the rehabilitation was done by the Red Cross entirely through the store manager. I was unable to talk with ‘any colored people on the place. An interesting feature of the place is the store, which is run entirely on a cash basis. Goods are furnished on credit only from the com- missary, an entirely separate building. Financially the ten- ants are even more at the mercy of the managers than usual, through a banking system car- ried on at the store. Such money as is paid to them instead of being given to them in cash is “banked” for them at the store. They can draw it out as needed, of course to spend in the store. The advantage of this system to the plantation owners is obvious. Gus Smith HIS man has a tubercular wife, a grown daughter with rheumatism, crippled so badly that she cannot walk and four children under five. He came from a plantation in Louisiana early in May and was in Camp _ Lov- isiana until it was evacuated in July, then was put on kitchen duty in the white camp, Hayes, both camps being in Vicksburg. His wife re- ceived treatment in Charity Hospital until the end of July then on the ad- vice of the doctor in charge she was sent to the Mississippi State ‘Tuber- culosis Sanitarium at Magee, Missis- sippi. She was kept there one day and returned to Vicksburg because she originally came from Louisiana and was not a Mississippi charge. She was too ill to walk when she arrived and had to be carried from the train to a car. The hospital would not re- ceive her so she was taken to the refu- gee camp. Meantime her husband had been told that as camp was clos- ing he would have to find a place for his family. He went to his home in Louisiana and found his house under water and his household goods entirely destroyed. He therefore returned to Vicksburg and found a three-room cabin which he could rent for very little. He had no money but the owner, a Negro, gave him free use of it until he could get work. He got a wagon and took his family to this place. The Red Cross gave him three army cots and six blankets, and three weeks’ rations, a concession, as it was THE Crisis again from Since cause ation the p pled, they Geor taker his ] Vick ated but wate stroy staye Cros plan’ beca retu this frier plan own rem; has sinc tion Tu av wot ter his fore ther cede to : eral be Cre by Ne ter kep Va the giv cha ing to are by the the lea ho sto ho: em as ow M

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E , against their rules to give to refugees from outside of Warren County. Since then he has received no help be- cause he has not returned to the plant- ation he came from. His wife is at the point of death, his daughter is crip- pled, one of his children is very ill and they are destitute. George Brown, Gardener Plantation, Blanton HIS man is a cripple, one leg hav- ing been amputated. He was taken with the other refugees from his Plantation to Camp Louisiana at Vicksburg. When Camp was evacu- ated in July he and his wife returned but found their house surrounded by water and their household goods de- stroyed. Their loss was total. They stayed in their house receiving Red Cross rations distributed through the plantation store keeper until they both became very ill with malaria. They returned to Vicksburg on account of this and took refuge with colored friends there. Rehabilitation on that plantation was done through the owner and only to those tenants who remained on the place. George Brown has therefore received nothing and since his return has not even had ra- tions. Cary, Mississippi MSIE VAUGHN, refugee, is fifty-four years old. He is on the Tucker Dawson Plantation. He has a wife and one child. His planter would not let him leave until the wa- ter was in his house. He was afraid his labor would not come back unless forced to do so, and therefore sent for them long before the water had re- ceded. When they returned they had to stay in the colored church for sev- eral weeks. There was no work to be done and they had to live on Red Cross rations. These were distributed by the plantation store keeper and the Negroes believe that he gave them wa- ter spoiled goods from his stock and kept the Red Cross supplies. Emsie Vaughn and his wife lost everything they had except one bed. They were given a mattress and springs and two chairs. They have no way of know- ing whether the Red Cross intended to give them more or not. The goods are all kept in the store and disbursed by the store keeper. There is great dissatisfaction among the tenants around Cary and many of them are leaving. When they try to leave the place the planter holds their household goods, mules, wagons, live- stock, etc. Some planters lock their houses and send the tenants away empty-handed if they attempt to leave, as an example to the others. Debts owing before the high water are held March, 1928 The Black against them now. All their property can be held for debt. Relief supplies furnished by the Red Cross are being sold by a planter named Martin at Blanton. The hostler, who put the feed away, says it is now being sold to Negro land owners in the neigh- borhood. Shoes sent in for free dis- tribution are sold for $4.00 a pair. It is reported that at Greenville col- ored women were forced to work at cleaning the houses of white people after the flood and were only paid $1 a week. Also that men in the same locality were forced to work, cleaning up debris, etc., and were whipped for refusing. These reports have not been substantiated. LOUISIANA N northern Louisiana, the cotton country, conditions are exactly sim- ilar to Mississippi. In the “sugar bowl” there is a marked improvement. I visited plantations around Baton Rouge and between there and New Orleans and found that, although many of the same abuses exist, the work has been fairly well done and the Red Cross seems to have exercised a close supervision. The labor situa- tion is very different and there was ap- parently no coercion in the matter of returning of refugees to plantations. The satisfactory work may be partly a result of the report of the colored committee to Mr. Hoover, which I have not seen. One immediate result of it was the appointment of Dr. J. S. Clark, President of Southern Univer- sity, at Scotland, as attaché to the State Reconstruction Office in the interest of colored people. Although a little ready to compromise, Dr. Clark has been on the whole insistent in his de- mands for the colored flood sufferers. It may be a significant fact that he is one of 15 Negroes in Baton Rouge who is allowed to vote. I heard him spoken of with a patronising respect by white people, who said he had the Bread-line ‘ ‘right kind” of influence with colored people. Nevertheless, in respect to the Red Cross and the flood sufferers, he has had the right kind of influence with white people. He asked for and re- ceived from Mr. Hoover a salaried staff of four colored investigators, ap- pointed by himself, to cooperate with Red Cross offices in the flood area of Louisiana. These investigators visited homes of colored flood sufferers and reported cases of need or any matters requiring special attention to the Red Cross workers and to Dr. Clark. With one exception they were met by an at- titude of hearty cooperation and fol- low-up visits paid to the same homes within a few days showed that they had received the relief needed. The exception was the Melville area. The worker in charge was Miss Cordelia Townsend, for many years a family case-worker for the New York Charity Organization Society. She indicated that colored workers were neither needed nor wanted in her area, and refused to cooperate with them in any way. ‘They went to her three times with various credentials from Mr. Hoover and National Headquar- ters, but met the same refusal. ELVILLE is situated on the Atchafalaya River. The water came in slowly from above the town and people were preparing to leave when a crevasse occurred suddenly on the opposite side and the water poured in with such swiftness that they were obliged to drop everything and run for their lives. No lives were lost but the property loss was almost total. The water, swirling in from two di- rections, first stirred the building about as if with a great spoon, then de- posited enormous quantities of sand so that when the flood had subsided the town was found to be almost com- pletely buried. The task of digging it out was so enormous that the Red (Will you please turn to page 100) 81 SA TT NT LS RN AE TR os as thn OP Ep aeeantcnhas re

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Le eA Oe AO ae rgd tetas | THE N.A.A.CP. BATTLE FRONT i A.C.P. BATTL NT ON TO LOS ANGELES NE of the most significant pil- grimages undertaken by colored Americans and their friends across the American continent will converge on Los Angeles for the 19th Annual Spring Conference, June 27 to July 3, of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. This first great meeting of the N. A. A. C. P. on the Pacific Coast is significant for a number of reasons. In the first place, few people realize the growth in the colored population of the State of California. In Los Angeles alone there are 35,000 colored people and in the entire State of Cali- fornia, no less than 60,000. These colored people are kept in close con- tact through the well-organized branches of the N. A. A. C. P. and, as is shown in the now famous Ed- ward Glass extradition case, the col- ored people of the entire state of Cali- fornia can work effectively together at need. This they are doing in pre- paring for the N. A. A. C. P. Confer- ence, though of course the main bur- den of work and responsibility is borne by the Los Angeles Branch. How effectively this branch went to work was demonstrated at Indian- apolis last June, when the invitation to the N. A. A. C. P. to come to Los Angeles, issued by the Los Angeles Branch, was backed up by telegrams from the Governor of California and the Los Angeles Chamber of Com- merce. INCE then the branch has been making rapid strides. At the pres- Albert Smith 4th prize Newport, R. 1. 82 Nancy Hopes lst prise Newport, R. I. ent writing it is learned that the Mayor of Los Angeles is to appoint a special committee of prominent peo- ple to welcome the Conference, and that the Mayor himself is to serve on this committee ex officio. Some idea of the calibre of this Conference Committee may be gained from the list of names of those who have al- ready accepted membership on it. The names include: Hon. Arthur Eldridge, President of the Board of Public Works; Hon. James E. Davis, Chief of Police; Hon. Lewis H. Schwalbe, U. S. Collector of Customs; Judges Archibald and Guerin of the Superior Court and Judge Georgia Bullock of the Municipal Court; Bishops J. J. Cantwell, Bertram Stevens and J. W. Martin; Dr. Emory §. Bogardus of the University of Southern Califor- nia; Rabbi Edgar F. Manin, Super- visor J. H. Bean, Mrs. George H. Clark, member of the Board of Edu- cation; Dr. Walter Sylvester Her- zog, and numerous others prominent in the life of the city and the state. Quite aside from the importance of the meeting on the Pacific Coast and the new interest in race relations which this Conference will stimulate in the Far West, the journey there will give delegates and members of the N. A. A. C. P. unique opportunity to see large portions of the United States. The National Office after con- sultation with a number of railroad representatives, has chosen the Rock Island road, and officers of this rail- road are now working out itineraries by which, at minimum cost, delegates and visitors to the Los Angeles Con- ference may see as many as possible N. A. A. C. P. Prize Babies Ida Beli Roberta Williams 4th prise [st prize Bloomington, IIl. Bloomington, III. of the points of interest in the West- ern states. T is probable that the National Of- _ fice party picking up delegations from Cleveland, Chicago, St. Louis, Kansas City and other mid-western cities, will travel in a series of special cars. If the group is large enough the N. A. A. C. P. will be allotted a spe- cial train with a representative of the Rock island Railroad accompanying the party to see that all details of transportation are arranged smoothly, The National Office urges all branches planning to send delegates to the Los Angeles Conference, and all visitors planning to attend, to send in their names at the earliest possible moment to the National Office of the N. A. A. C. P., 69 Fifth Avenue, New York City, in order that ade- quate reservations may be made for all those planning to travel with this group. SOUTHERN WHITE EDITORS OUTHERN white editors are waking up to the work being done by the N. A. A.C. P. At all events they can no longer ignore it. An un- precedented response met the Associa- tion’s release reporting 21 lynchings for the year 1927. This, it will be recalled, was five more lynchings than were reported by Tuskegee, and in its release the N. A. A. C. P. gave its reasons for including mob murders not embraced in the Tuskegee report. A list of the Southern dailies com- menting editorially on the N. A. A. C. P. figures is impressive in itself. Albert Dice Helen Watson 2nd prize 3rd prise Bloomington, IIl. Bloomington, III. THE Crisis LOTT Pie Ny ars ta aan a Tee fo d showi the | tiser; quirer Sun; Recor the G News graph lina, . editor in ma Sor ment, unfri surpr For two New. N. A charg with claim clear. New. “cc that Tom Augi shaw with youn for great dow! aftai the | mod: with simil “r Brac to t (1) kno and rest’ and state oc far shay pur: han hun the not “ tion this tim unv wer tha was terr enc it 1 No Tir Me

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Se .3 (ee TT Ee ee [o date we have received clippings showing such editorial comment in the Montgomery, Alabama, Adver- tiser; the Columbus, Georgia, En- quirer-Sun; the Baltimore Evening Sun; the Columbia, South Carolina, Record; the Dallas, Texas, Journal; the Greensboro, North Carolina, Daily News; the Macon, Georgia, Tele- graph; and the Durham, North Caro- lina, Herald. This is exclusive of the editorial comment which was published in many Northern dailies. Some of the Southern editorial com- ment, as was to be expected, took an unfriendly tone. But some of it was surprisingly dispassionate and fair. For example, in the second of two editorials, the Greensboro Duily News comments on the fact that the N. A. A. C. P. in its lynching report charged the State of North Carolina with a lynching when it had been claimed that that state’s record was clear. Says the Greensboro Daily News: “|. the report establishes the fact that by this association the death of Tom Bradshaw in Nash County last August is called a lynching. Brad- shaw, it may be recalled, was charged with attempted criminal assault on a young girl. He fled and was hunted for days, to the accompaniment of great excitement. He was finally shot down in the chase and killed. The affair came only a few weeks after the killing of Broadus Miller by Com- modore Burleson in Burke County, with which it was in many respects similar. “The coroner’s jury which sat on Bradshaw’s death turned in a verdict to the effect that he ‘met his death (1) from the shotgun of some un- known person and (2) over-exertion and fatigue while trying to evade ar- rest’. That satisfied Nash County and most of the remainder of the state. “It was also in evidence—and, so far as known, not denied,—that Brad- shaw did not attempt to injure his pursuers, was unarmed and had on handcuffs during much of the man- hunt. He was shot while fleeing; but the name of the man who shot him is not known or has not been revealed. “The Daily News has no disposi- tion to argue the question of whether this was a lynching. It said at the time that the killing of Bradshaw was unwarranted. Obviously the pursuers were more interested in killing him than in capturing him. Morally it was so close to a lynching, as that term is generally used, that the differ- ence is inconsequential ; and technically it may very well be ranked as such. North Carolina has, as the Raleigh Times has pointed out, many acts March, 1928 properly falling under the name which are not catalogued.” UCH fair and candid comment from a white newspaper in the South is one of the most hopeful signs of progress in the approach toward decent and intelligent administration of race relations. It establishes that the N. A. A. C. P. motive in publish- ing its lynching figures is not to ma- lign the South but to rally the sen- timent of law-abiding citizens, North and South, against the evils of mob murder by an impartial and accurate recital of the facts. To have the N. A. A. C. P. interpretation of what constitutes a lynching supported by an outstanding journal of such repute as the Greensboro Daily News, is a source of encouragement and hope to the Na- tional Office. H. Jj. S. HONOR ROLL BRANCHES HE sinews of N. A. A. C. P. activity as of other work by or- ganizations for the public good, are dollars. Those branches which pay their apportionment in full, help make possible the legal victories of which all colored citizens of the country are beneficiaries. It is a pleasure to be able to report that in the year 1927 no less than 130 branches of the As- sociation paid their apportionments in full and that by far the greater num- ber of these branches exceeded their quotas. The honor roll branches, which paid their full apportionment, are as follows, those which paid more than their quotas being designated by an asterisk: ALABAMA—*Mobile, *Florence; ARIZONA —*Tucson, *Douglas; ARKANSAS—"*Pine Bluff, *Texarkana; CALIFORNIA — ‘Bakersfield, Fresno, Los Angeles, *Needles, *Pasadena, *San Diego, *San rancisco, *San Jose, *Santa Monica Bay, *Red Bluff, Tehama County, Val- lejo, San Mateo; COLORADO—Canon City, Colorado Springs, Pueblo, *Denver; CONNEC. TICUT—* New Britain, *Plainville, *New Haven; DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA — *Washington; GEORGIA—Atlanta, *Rome, Macon; ILLINOIS —*Bloomington Normal, Centralia, *Danville, Peoria, *Springfield; INDIANA—*East Chicago, *French Lick, *Gary, *Terre Haute, Crawfords- ville; TOWA—*Nes Moines, *Keokuk, * Waterloo, *Fort Madison; KANSAS—*Arkansas_ City, *Chanute, Garden City, *Lawrence, *Newton; KENTUCKY—*Frankfort, *Georgetown, Mays- ville, Winchester, *Hopkins County, Harlan, Bourbon County; LOUISIANA—*Lake Provi- dence; MASSACHUSETTS—*New Bedford, Worcester; MICHIGAN—*Battle Creek, *Detroit, ———- *Oakland County, Port Huron, *Sagi- naw, * eT Park; MINNESOTA—* Minne- oe: ISSISSIPPI—Jackson; MISSOURI— *Kansas City, *St. Joseph, *St. Louis, Hannibal; MONTANA—*Billings, *Great Falls; NEBRAS- KA—Alliance; NEW JERSEY—Atlantic City, eer City, *Long Branch, *Newark, *Oranges, *Plainfield, “Asbury Park, *Hackensack, *Glouces- ter County, *Bayonne, *Paterson, *Elizabeth; NEW MEXICO—* Albuquerque; NEW YORK— *Binghamton, “Ithaca, Jamestown, * Rochester, Staten Island, Troy, *Jamaica, Hillburn, Albany; NORTH CAROLINA—*Durham, *Charlotte; OHIO—*Columbus, *Licking County, Youngs- town, . Portsmouth; OKLAHOMA—*Chickasha, Logan County, *Oklahoma City, Okmulgee; PENNSYLVANIA—*Chester, *Cheyney, *Holi- daysburg, *Lancaster, Media, *Beaver County, *Willow Grove; RHODE ISLAND—*Newport; SOUTH CAROLINA—*Calhoun County, *Co- lumbia; SOUTH DAKOTA—Sioux Falls; TEN- NESSEE—*Nashville; TEXAS—*EI| Paso, Yoak- um; UTAH—Salt Lake City; VIRGINIA—*Dan- ville, Petersburg; WASHINGTON—Everett; WEST VIRGINIA—-Bluefield, *Charleston, Gary, *Keystone, *Logan County, *Winona; WISCON- SIN—* Milwaukee; WYOMING, Casper. SINEWS OF WAR ROBABLY there is no national organization doing work of the magnitude and importance of the N. A. A. C. P. on anything like so small a budget as the Association ex- pends. Partly this is made possible by the free gift of legal services by distinguished attorneys who would be entitled to charge many thousands of dollars.for what the Association re- ceives gratis. But there are certain inescapable charges which the Association must meet each year if its work is to go on and to-continue to be effective. It must have an office and pay rent on it. It must pay travelling expenses, tele- phone and telegraph charges. It must sometimes retain attorneys in distant cities who, as it is, usually make drastic reduction in their charges to the Asso- ciation. It must have an office staff and stenographers in order to deal with the routine of an organization covering 44 states; and to handle the enormous mail involved in keeping colored people throughout the United States in touch with each other, en- abling them to focus on matters of vital importance. Its officers must travel to Washington, throughout the South and West, encouraging colored people to organize, carrying the Asso- ciation’s message before white audi- ences, helping to create a favorable public opinion for the Negro in Amer- ica. Each year the officers of the As- sociation travel thousands of miles, spending their energy and ability for a remuneration that is relatively insig- nificant compared to the rewards of commercial life. HE smallness of the N. A. A. C. P. budget is a reflection upon colored people in America. Not that there are not many generous contributors, people who strain their resources to maintain a membership or make annual gifts. But too many people take no interest. They leave it to others, un- til suddenly, one day, misfortune falls. And these people, most often those who have not troubled to join the N. A. A. C. P. or to give one cent for its support, find themselves in des- perate need. Then they are glad in- deed that there is a National organi- zation, with distinguished lawyers ready to be called upon, able to spend money and furnish expert assistance in order that justice may be done the humblest colored man or woman. Your answer ought to take the,form of a remittance to the Treasurer ofthe Association, Mr. J. E. Spingarn, 69 Fifth Avenue, New York City. 83 ree E eran a TPIS LSE AERIS EEL eee pt CN AC LCC TEL OT CO IN A TTD

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The HE Student Volunteer Movement is the recruiting agency among the Colleges and Universities of Canada and the United States for mis- sionaries to work under the auspices of the various Protestant Foreign Mission Church Boards in what is nominally called by them the work in non-Christian lands, meaning China, Africa, India, and the Pacific Islands. The Convention at Detroit, Mich., Dec. 28-Jan. 1, was an epoch-making one in many respects. The conven- tion was made up of about 3,500 student delegates and about 1,000 visitors, returned missionaries and persons especially interested. This to- tal of 4,000 persons was 2,000 less than a previous convention in Indian- apolis and 4,000 less than the one at Des Moines, Iowa, in 1920. No less than 25 nations and races were among the assembly. Of these more than 300 were foreign students and about 100 Student Volunteer Some of the Colored Delegates were American Negro College and University students. About one-third of the one hundred Negro students came along with white college delegations as members of the delegation. Such col- leges and Universities as: New York University, Barnard College, Univer- sity of Denver, University of Wiscon- sin, University of Chicago, North- western and others we cannot recall had Negroes among their delegations. The convention talked little about the need of sending missionaries. It talked more about quality. In fact it talked most about “cleaning house” here at home. The Committee on Arrangements for the Convention in- sisted early last October that the ho- tels of Detroit serve all delegates irre- spective of color. More than 24 of the leading hotels of Detroit signed an agreement to this end, which agree- ment was carried out in letter if not wholly in spirit during the convention. Movement Negroes and foreign students of other races shared every commit- tee and feature of the convention pro- gram from the choir to the booth exhibits. Among the principal Ne- gro platform speakers were: Dr. Mor- decai Johnson, Howard University; Max Yergan, Y. M. C. A. Secretary, South Africa; A. B. Dipeolu, Gold Coast, West Africa. The Convention was divided from day to day into more than 50 divisions for more intimate contacts and discus- sions of Convention themes and _prob- lems. These groups (colloquia as they were called) each had a_ leader. Among the 50 leaders of these groups, each of which was a minature of the convention especially in racial compo- sition, were 4 Negro leaders: Prof. A. Gregory, Talladega College; Prof. W. S. Nelson, Howard University; Miss Marian Cuthbert, Alabama; Mrs. (Will you please turn to page 105) Seventh Annual Session, Kappa Alpha Psi at Detroit 84 THE Crisis eT Marc been the t lookec alway est of enlar; meet refer that | nor t redbu r right lilac the t whit our Whi his | thei: tal ove day po: M

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Calendar Chat 66" HE waking up month” would be an appropriate name for March. Not that there has really been any sleeping going on among the trees and bushes. They have looked dead and gray, but there were always tiny specks of buds on the dull- est of branches. ‘Here we are,” the enlarged buds seem to cry as they meet us boldly in March. I am not referring to those great white blooms that flash out on dogwood this month, nor the small pinkish flowers on the tedbud trees. I am thinking of threshold plants right in one’s yard, the old fashioned lilac bushes, for instance, that recall the time of picket fences. We had a white lilac bush on the south side of our yard. And on pleasant winter days the chickens would stand beside it to take their sun baths. They would get on the east side of the bush. All winter long green buds were to be found on this lilac. QUIET country bush and yet how poets have loved it! Walt Whitman wrote lilac poems as though his heart could never say enough for their homely graciousness. He spoke of their leaves as “heart-shaped”’. Thomas William Parsons sang ador- ingly of lilacs for his morning ramble, his weary noon hour, for vesper time, “At night when my friends are gone and I sit down to ponder on the day”. He compared their haunting perfume with the searching sounds of a flageo- let. Amy Lowell’s finest poem, Lilacs, presented them in their “false blue” with all but overpowering force of tenderness and sympathy. She made one love the lilac, that hearthside bush which shows its rich leaf in March. I have seen rabbits bound to our lilac bush from imaginary pursuers. I have discovered birds fluttering among the leaves in spring battle and watched cats lurking near the roots to fix a cruel stare on terrified birds. The lilac bush is a setting for out-of-door actors. And the white blooms when they arrived—weeks after the foliage —used to furnish spring bouquets for my teachers. These were necessary as peace offerings from one who drew and drew and drew and wrote fairy tales while other pupils were pouring over the huge geographies used in those days or busied with compound pro- portion. March, 1928 The Little Page EFFIE LEE NEWSOME

| Cogan —= Gable. Captain Cable APTAIN Cable, Captain Cable, Drilled his army on the table, All his men, Made of tin, Dressed in blue and red and green. Captain Cable, Captain Cable, Now he lies behind the stable. All his men Made of tin Never can be whole again. I Dreamed About You in My Dreaming Last Night ALMONY flower, in your frock of fair white, I dreamed about you in my dreaming last night. I thought you’d come up from your place by the stream All dripping with dew— The bees after you— To make me a dream! I thought that the bees Had followed you up To dig them down deep In your pollen cup. One bee’d lost its wing, Another its sting. I blew them from you, And shook off the dew With one little puff, Yet that was enough! Down slope flew the bees Toward sycamore trees That grew on the stream— This all was a dream. O Balmony Flower In your frock of fair white, I dreamed about you In my dreaming last night! No, Ladybug O, Ladybug, you simply can’t Go strolling round the pitcher plant. I'd pluck them all, if I were able, And stick them on some witches table. They have a strange and evil habit, Each bug that comes, they’re sure to nab it. Each spider, too, they’ll always grab it, And make their awful bristles stab it, And this is fact, and not just fable. No, Ladybug, you simply can’t Go strolling round a pitcher plant. Suppose We Pretend HAT the March Wind has blown us these two poems. They are really by a little six year old boy, Cal- vin Burnett of Cambridge, Massachu- setts, author of “My Ice Cream”, and a 15 year old girl of Detroit, June Townsend, whose pretty little poem is seasonable for a March Little Page. My Ice Cream HAD some ice cream, And I gave it to my friends, But then the sun began to beam, And what was left of my ice cream? Dancing Snowflakes ANCING, whirling and prancing Through the skies of night Graceful, light As our little dark dancers dance, O’er great city and small town Kissing rosy cheeks and brown On and on you go To the rhythm the North Wind’s blow You go dancing, just dancing. Laughing and gay.

Iam Fanny May Nicholas of Duquesne, Pa. 85

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SCN HERE are many lovely and inter- esting things in “The African Saga” translated from Cendrars’ L’An- thologie Negre by Margery Bianco (Payson and Clarke, $5.00). We quote two passages: Fire, fire, fire from the hearth below, fire from the hearth on high, Light that shines in the moon, light that shines in the sun, Star that gleams at night, star that cleaves the light, shooting star, Spirit of the thunder, shining eye of the storm, Fire of the sun that gives us light, I call thee for expiation, fire, O fire! Fire that passes, and all things die be- hind thy track, Fire that passes, and behind thee all things live, The trees are burned, ashes upon ashes, The grass grows, the plants bring forth fruit, é Fire, friend of man, I call upon thee, fire of expiation. Fire, protector of the hearth, I call upon thee! Thou passest and all are vanquished, none can overcome thee. Fire of the hearth, I call upon thee for expiation! “Scarcely had Nzame thrown Bingo over when Mboya rushed to his aid. Have you sometimes seen in the for- est, at night, a wandering flame which moves wavering here and there? Have you heard a woman’s voice which goes far off into the distance, calling, call- ing beneath the branches? Do not be afraid. It is Mboya seeking her child, Mboya who seeks but can never find him. A mother never gives up. “Bingo fallen, Mboya gone away, Nzame hastened in his turn. He wanted at all cost to find Bingo again. “On the sea he sought him. ‘Sea, sea, have you got Bingo?’ “On the earth, he sought him. ‘Earth, earth, have you got Bingo?’ “And the earth and the sea an- swered: ‘No, no.’ “Impossible to find him. Otoyom, the great witch-doctor, had recognized Bingo’s noble birth and did not want to give him up; he had hidden him carefully away.” It is as Arthur B. Spingarn says in his introduction : “And so in this anthology we have not only a record of the wit and wis- dom of Africa but the soul of a peo- ple, which may be judged by the crit- 86 THE BROWSING READER Blaise Cendrars eria of pure letters. In this transla- tion, which has attempted throughout to capture the spirit of Cendrars’ book rather than to present an erudite ren- dition of original sources, English readers have their first opportunity to appraise Africa’s contribution to the literature of the world. I venture to believe that they will find it not un- worthy to stand beside American Ne- gro Spirituals and African Sculpture.” These stories and legends have been gathered from the 591 languages and dialects of Africa; of these Cendrars writes: “Appleyard, Krapf and Steere are unanimous in praising the beauty and the plastic power of these languages, and Wilson observes in particular that ‘they are soft, supple, flexible to an almost limitless degree; their gram- matical principles are founded on a systematic and philosophic basis, and the number of their words can be aug- mented to infinity; they can express the most delicate shades of thought and sentiment, and there are perhaps no other languages in the world that have more definite character or greater precision in expression.’ ” ILLIAM . STANLEY BRAITHWAITE edits his fifteenth annual “Anthology of Maga- zine Verse” for 1927 (Brimmer Com- pany). These volumes, “from the slim book of eighty-seven pages in 1913, to the bulky tome of one thousand pages for the Sesqui-Centennial Edition for 1926, and the present volume of nearly six hundred pages, cover an era in American poetry: perhaps, the great- Bi NL TT RTT a SE est era America has known in the his. ' tory of its poetry.” Among the colored poets who ap- pear in this last volume are: Lewis Alexander, Gwendolyn Bennett, Ster: ling A. Brown, Mae V. Cowdery, Countée Cullen, Langston Hughes, Georgia Douglas Johnson and Anne Spencer. The Editor says: “Another volume of especial inter- est is Countée Cullen’s anthology of Negro poets, ‘Carolling Dusk’. This work, while it contains selections from Dunbar, is chiefly a record of the amazing progress made during the past three or four years of the contribution by the poets of this race to the gen- eral body of American poetry.” No praise is too great for the com- piler of this work of love and erudi- tion. 66D LACK AND WHITE”, an anthology of Washington verse has been edited by J. C. Byars, Jr. It is noteworthy because it represents four Negro and thirteen white authors. Georgia Douglas Johnson is there and Angelina Grimké; Lewis Alexander and Walter Everett Hawkins. It is a collection that has much worth read- ing. The Vanguard Press sends us six new volumes, all at the little price of 50c. They include a symposium on Prosperity which reports the speeches and discussions of the League for In- dustrial Democracy, 1927. Dr. J. P. Warbasse has a little statement on Co- operation and its slow but sure con- quests throughout the world. C. L. Swartz writes on “Mutualism,” and attacks the monopoly of money, land, tariff and patents. A book by the late Louis F. Post on the Single Tax is included ; also one by B. Liber on the Child and the Home. M. H. Hedges writes an economic novel, “Dan Min- turn.” We can strongly recommend these books. Dr. H. N. Green of the National Medical Association has issued a vol- ume on “Pellegra” which ought to be of interest to medical men and others. W. E. B. D. IN THE MAGAZINES HERE'S the first bell!’ Boys and girls drop their work in the fields as it peals out across the plantations.” Thus Rossa B. Cooley begins her account of Penn School, (Will you please turn to page 105) 66 6 THE Crisis Se nn EE SS r oof 7 f Susta Whe! With You On | To t Alone ¥ O ’ Taki And You By | For And Whe You

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$f Fk The Second Generation By ALLISON DAVIS Physician hagre patients who loved you, And the hope work brought, Sustained you, When, worn out by late vigils With the sick, poor and black, You had to crawl On hands and knees To those who trusted you, Alone. Physician OU find real pleasure in your work— Taking liberties when you examine wo- men, And joking about it later. You prosper By prescribing dope to the slum Ne- groes For medicine, And taking their money with no serious effort to help them. When you have made your “pile”, You will move as far away from the Negro section As you can go. Minister you have something in you Which has made you feel the Church A bigger thing than yourself,— A Baptist church,— And which has made you go months without salary, So that the Church might be saved; Something Which has made your talk Like a friend’s silent confidence, And your face unlike other men’s, And made even your wife Respect you. Do you wish to call it “God”? I know you will speak it quietly. Minister You make your living By talking through a service About God, And rejoice equally 0 get a marriage or A funeral. Have you convinced yourself yet That this whole business of a church And confident speaking to God, with you leading, Is not a madman’s game? And aren’t they fools to be paying you a salary To speak to God for them, March, 1928 When your thoughts are always Of a pretty wife And a larger church? Lawyer You brought home your northern education To bleed the poor “niggers” you scorn, Threatening frantic blacks with jail, And pretending to save them from The Bugaboo of the Law. From one love-blind mother, You boast, You got all she had, Three hundred dollars, To keep her son out of jail. Well, Your new car Is all you have, And in that your white-skinned wife Loves her college boy; While the stupid, black mother You broke, Scrubs floors to keep Her son. College Girl you spent every week-end In all-night liquor parties with your “man”; You spent the money your mother Feared to borrow on her home, Not on beoks, but on dresses To make you the belle of fraternity dances. And you didn’t learn a damned thing Except the unnecessary tricks of loving, And ten animalistic dances. You will teach the Negro students far- ther south What you learned. Northern - College Girl HE chief thing You learned from your northern training Was how to be a sycophant with men, And excuse your parasitism By calling it love. Now you teach high school in the week, And wisely go to your “man” out of town For the week-ends. I pity you. I know how often you’ve wished You were dead, When you faced Your mother, After those week-ends. College Athlete you spend your winters Juggling basket-balls And women. You won’t work, You won't study, You won’t marry; But you have four “letters”, And a fraternity pin. College education Of a hundred like you every year Will bring the race along rapidly. Introspection By EDWARD SILVERA Whence have we come? We know but that God made man, And that Africa is a land of jungies-- We know too m That nights have been dark And like a million stars We have grinned Thru them all. It is strange That we should know Love, We who have gasped for breath Amid poisonous fumes of hate And have sucked The bitter breast of scorn; It is strange That we too Should know the joy Of kisses. Our mouths have sung The Lord’s song In a strange land, And our harp strings have vibrated With new tunes. We must find a new prayer To pray, The same words have grown dull To the ears of God: We must find a new prayer For the God of the sun And steel girders, We must build stronger altars To the God of skyscrapers. How quickly this dream has ended! Palm trees are waving On the banks of the Congo Where grass huts still hide dusky bodies From the sun; And there are voices Crying aloud in the wilderness— There are voices in the jungles That echo thru the night As ours did Long ago. Se SERRANO arpenae anne a EN eS

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88 A Photograph from Life by James L. Allen THE Crisis the ing! Ma

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2 er: ee S00 ee eo a SE ae ET mi MUSIC AND ART @ On February 21, the Latin Club of the Dunbar High School presented “An Evening with Vergil’, a playlet in two acts from the scenes in the “Aeneid”. Miss Suzanne Payne filled the roll of Hecuba, Queen of Troy; Miss Natalie Moorman impersonated Dido, Queen of Carthage; and the part of Aeneas was portrayed by Aubrey Morton. The play was arranged by Dr. Anna J. Cooper. @ Among the well-known Negro art- ists whose works were presented at the recent exhibit of fine arts in New York City were: Aaron Douglas, Mrs. Laura Wheeler Waring, Albert A. Smith, Sargent Johnson, W. M. Far- row, J. W. Hardrick, Miss Augusta Savage, Palmer C. Hayden, and Hale Woodruff. The exhibit was under the auspices of the Harmon Foundation and the Commission on the Church and Race Relations of the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America. @ The Fisk Jubilee Singers, who are making a concert tour of Europe, ap- peared in recital recently in Paris. The singers gave a private recital for Roland Hayes, himself a former stud- ent of Fisk, before their public ap- pearance. PERSONAL q j. W. Sutton, once a student un- der Dr. George W. Carver, and a graduate of lowa State College, Ames, lowa, and of Drake University in June, 1927, has been given a position on the Ames faculty as Teaching Fel- low in the Chemistry Department. @ Genevieve H. McKinney, who re- cently passed a civil service examina- tion for supervising nurse in the City Health Department of New York City, has been appointed to the posi- tion. This is the first time that a Negro woman has held such a posi- tion in New York. @ Fred H. Robb of Chicago, Illinois, a recent graduate of the Northwestern University School of Law, has matric- ulated in the University of London, where he will make a special study of economics, social and labor conditions. @ The Mme. C. J. Walker medal for 1927, has been awarded to Neval H. Thomas, Washington, D. C., for his services in fighting segregation in the government departments at Wash- ington. @ Mrs. E. Howard Harper of West March, 1928 Virginia, is the first colored American woman to occupy a chair in a state legislature. Mrs. Harper was recom- mended by the Republican executive committee to Goveffior Gore for ap- pointment as a member of the House of Delegates to fill the vacancy created by the recent death of her husband. @ A fellowship of $1000, given by the national organization of the Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority, has been a ALONG THE COLOR LINE | De awarded to Miss Ethel C. Harris, a Washington, D. C., school teacher. Miss Harris will study in Germany next year. @ On December 31, 1927, Isaac D. Ross of Columbus, Ohio, was retired by the Pennsylvania Railroad, after having given over 50 years of service in the office of the Division Freight Office located in that city. Mr. Ross began as messenger, but was soon pro- Hon. Harry E. Davis, Civil Service Commissioner, Cleveland, O. aca TE TT TT TS a ER SEER sactnleionmmasimgnigiitntiateincs tet intinah iER int) enh RE LS TIE Cen ar cep

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Mrs. Edna Howard moted to Mailing Clerk. Later he was made Export Bill-of-Lading Clerk and finally served as.Chief Clerk. @ Mrs. Maudelle B. Bousfield, the first colored principal in the public school system of Chicago, assumed the principalship in the Deith School on January 3. This appointment is the result of a competitive examination in which Mrs. Bousfield ranked among the first twenty... During the past two years she has been Dean of Girls at the Wendell Phillips High School of Chicago, Illinois. @ The graduating class of January, 1928 in George Washington High School, New York City, was headed in scholarship by a colored boy, Ronald A. Edwards. In the same class, Vera A. Joseph, also colored, obtained the highest average for girls. @ Mrs. Edna Howard of Beckly, West Virginia, won the recent popu- larity contest staged by the Knights of Pythias of West Virginia, and was crowned “Queen of West Virginia”. @ Miss Marion Wilson, a colored student at Hunter College, New York City, has been elected to the chapter of Phi Beta Kappa of that college. @ Dr. Nathan B. Young, formerly president of Lincoln University, Mo., has been appointed as Inspector of Colored Schools of Missouri, with headquarters at Jefferson City. @ William C. Robinson, a_ well known colored business man of Weli- ington, Ohio, is dead at the age of 57 years. Mr. Robinson was a salesman for the American Bond and Mortgage Company and during the last three years, he disposed of more than $250,- 000 worth of securities in the villag of Wellington. @ Leslie Simms, a Negro student in the Northeastern School of Engineer- ing at Boston, Mass., is the most out- standing player on the basket-ball team of that college. @ Clifford Wesley, a colored student at Drake University, Des Moines, Iowa, has been appointed an associate 90 editor of the Drake Delphic, an under- graduate publication. A board of pub- ‘ lication composed of journalism de- partment heads made the appointments. @ The faculty and friends of Tuske- gee Institute, recently presented Cleve L. Abbot, coach of the Tuskegee foot- ball team, a 1928 model Chevrolet sedan. The Tuskegee Tigers have not been defeated for four years. @ George Green of Detroit, Mich., who, during the recent elections, ran for office in thesCommon Council of the City of Detroit, received a solid race vote of 34,000, but was defeated. @ Since January 1, 1927, the Carne- gie Hero Fund Commission has awarded bronze medals to three col- ored men. Luke Erwin, aged forty- five, saved James’ Jeffrey, colored, from suffocation at Mount Sylvan, Texas, February 13, 1925. Thomas P. Edwards, aged twenty-three, died attempting to save Georgia Barlow, colored, from drowning, at Catherine, Ala., December 24, 1925. Edward A. Mitchell, aged thirty-five, died at- tempting to save James D. Brown, colored, from electric shock; at Cam- bria, Va., July 10, 1925. Mitchell’s widow receives a death benefit of $55 a month with $5 a month additional for each of her two children. @ At the annual meeting of the Stockholders of the Atlanta Life In- surance Company, Atlanta, Georgia, Norris B. Herndon, former Vice Presi- dent and Cashier of the company, was elected President-Treasurer to succeed his father, the late A. F. Herndon. @ Dr. T. K. Lawless, a Negro, Re- search Fellow in charge of the De- partment of Syphilology of North- western Medical School, recently fin- ished delivering a series of lectures on Dermatology to the seniors of the Medical School. EDUCATION @ The Quadrangular Debating League, composed of Morehouse, Tal- ladega, Fisk and Knoxville, held a meeting at Morehouse College, on January 14 to make revision in the constitution and provide for the admis- sion of Johnson C. Smith University, @ At the annual convention of the Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity held re- cently at Cleveland, Ohio, a Depart- ment on Educational Activities, un- der the direction of Raymond W. Cannon, was created. This depart- ment will conduct a bureau for. the purpose of finding and creating op- porturities for colored men and wo- imen after they finish college. @ Phi Lambda Sigma is an organi- zation at Lincoln University, Pa., which fosters the study of literature. Membership depends solely upon scholarship. SOCIAL UPLIFT @ The 35th annual statement of the Southern Aid Society of Virginia, with home offices at Richmond, Virginia, announces $987,763.28 in assets. @ An ice factory, owned and oper- ated by Negroes, was opened recently at Louisville, Ky. @ The Plaza Hotel, which opened in Columbuas, Ohio, in November, is The Stage in the New Walker Theatre, Indianapolis, p. 91 Tue Crisis sing] bache baser card and | foun Mar

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owned and operated by Dr. L. L. Jones, a colored physician of Colum- bus. The hotel is modern in every detail and the rooms are well fur- nished. @ The new Walker Theatre, opened recently at Indianapolis, Ind., occu- pies the major part of the ground floor of the new $1,000,000 Mme. C. J. Walker Manufacturing Company building. The building, of face brick construction, is four stories high. The theatre has a seating capacity of 1,400, including a large balcony, divided into an upper and lower section. The stage is large and is fully equipped with curtains, back drops and drapes. @ A European tour for colored Americans, under the leadership of Norval P. Barksdale, professor of Modern Languages at Lincoln Uni- versity, Mo., is being organized. @ Dr. J. A. Somerville, a well- known colored dentist of Los Angeles, Calif., has erected a three story brick apartment house at the cost of $100,- 000. The building will consist of 14 single apartments, five double and 8 bachelor rooms, in addition to a full basement containing a banquet room, card room, kitchen, electric laundry and storage rooms. @ The Kenney Memorial Hospital, founded by Dr. John A. Kenney, of Leslie Simms, page 90 Newark, N. J., formerly of Tuskegee, is a three story brick building, thor- oughly fire proof. The equipment in- cludes operating and sterilizing rooms with tile floors and walls, a modern adjustable operating table, instrument and dressing cabinets. There are ac- commodations for 30 patients. MEETINGS @ Dantes Bellegarde, former Haitian minister at Paris, and Pierre Hudi- court, a jurist, were arrested three hours after debarking at Santiago, Cuba, where they had gone to attend the Pan-American Conference in Ha- vana. After they were expelled with- out reason from Cuba, they entered a protest with the Cuban Government and the Pan-American Union against such outrageous treatment. The Kenney Hospital, Newark, N. J. @ The Zeta Phi Beta Sorority held its annual conclave at Richmond, Va., during the holidays. The sorority scholarship was awarded to Miss Helen Wilson of Howard University, who has maintained a grade A average dur- ing her two years at Howard. Mrs. Ruth T. Scruggs was re-elected na- tional president. The next annual meeting will be held at Nashviile, Tenn. > ; @ The Third Annual Public Welfare Institute will be held under the direc- tion of the North Carolina State Roard of Charities and Public Wel- fare, Division of Negro Work, at the North Carolina College for Negroes, Durham, N. C., February 29, March 1 and 2. @ The presidents of seventeen M. E. Colleges for Negroes, in annual ses- sion at Gammon Theological Semin- ary, Atlanta, Ga., recently, reported an enrollment of more than 7,000 students and aggregate property and endowment values of $7,000,000. The last four years have been the most suc- cessful in the history of these institu- tions, with constantly increasing en- rollment, rising standards and more liberal support. @ At the 17th annual convention of the Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity,

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which was held in De- troit in De cember, Archie A. Alexander was elected Grand Pole- march;; Dr. Jesse J. Peters, U. S. Veterans Hospital 91, Tuskegee, Ala., was elected Senior Vice Grand Polemarch ; and J. Ernest Wilkins of Chic&z, Ill., was* elected Grand Keeper of Records and Exchange. @ Announcement was recently made that the Sixteenth Biennial Con- vention of the National Association of Colored Women, will meet at Washington, D. C., July 27th-August 3rd, 1928. Mrs. Mary McLeod Bethune, president of the Bethune - Cookman College, is national president of the organi- zation. @ The Third Annual Conference of the Na- tional Association of Collegiate Deans and Registrars in Negro Schools, will be held at Fisk University, March Ist to 3rd. @ An interesting com- mentary on Negro edu- cation in the United States is the appearance in various colleges of the children and grandchil- dren of former grad- uates. These “grand- Members Mrs. M. B. Bousfield, page 90. of the Alpha Kappa {Ipha Sorority at Cleveland. children” of Atlanta University form a large and interesting group this year. AFRICA @ The Governor of Uganda has presented three natives with the King’s Medal in Silver Gilt. @ Mr. Ormsby - Gore declares that the Eng- lish Government has not yet been able to create a Trustee Board for na- tive lands in Kenya, but that the lands are not to be distributed to white settlers. @ Throughout the Bel- gian Congo the Gong System of communica- tion is used. The Gong represents the natives’ telephone, telegraph and Express Letter Carrier. There are three sizes: the large size, for com- munication with the outer world; the me- dium size, for summon- ing the villagers; and the small size, for call- ing children home. The large Gong is under the direct charge of the chiefs. The Gongs are hollowed out of solid trees, and ‘for the large Gong there is a secret inter-tribal code capable of sending messages over a radius of 800 miles. THE Crisis

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Se teal —_— Grand-children of Atlanta University, page 92 @ The fiscal report for Nigeria, Brit- ish, West Africa, has been issued for the year 1926-7. There was a total revenue of £7,734,429. The total pub- lic debt is £23,559,209. @ In London recently, Doctor Har- old A. Moody spoke in the Church of All Hallows, Lombard Street, at a meeting held in connection with the Union of Students of African Descent. Dr. Moody is a Negro who has taken his medical degree at London Univer- sity. His subject was “Self Deter- mination”. @ The East African Indian National Congress has héld a meeting at Nair- obi with 200 delegates from East Africa and two representatives of the Government of India. They discussed M. E. D. Johnson March, 1928 boycotting the Federation Commission, the acquiring of lands for Indians and the representation of Indians on public bodies. @ Dr. S. M. Molema, the native Negro physician at Mafeking, has ap- plied for a place on the Visiting Staff of the local hospital. @ The Native Control Bill of South- ern Rhodesia is said to create offenses hitherto unknown to British law. It is being inquired into in Parliament. @ A steam launch conveying troops from the parade grounds down the St. Paul River, Liberia, was capsized re- cently and 45 soldiers drowned. @ At Lagos, during the annual horse races, natives were not allowed to buy tickets for the enclosure or for any T. Mbeki A. W. D. Champion place near enough to see the races run. @ The Right Hon. Sir Frederick Lugard has received a peerage from the Government. Thus, the man who stole Uganda and British East Africa from their native rulers, murdered thousands of black men and helped to rape a continent, is rewarded by the highest gift that England can bestow. @ The new native labor leadership of South Africa is attracting atten- tion the world over. Our _ readers have already seen in these columns the picture of Clements Kadalie, the Sec- retary of the I. C. U. This month we have M. E. D. Johnson, Junior Vice-President; Thomas Mbeki, A. W. D. Champion and T. W. K. Mote. (Will you please turn to page 106) T. W. K. Mote

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eae ate a 1 eI ALI ACES» ORR Ee Sot ne wr i | THE FAR HORIZON % THE PASSING OF A FRIEND M. H. BARRETT, a Southern white man writes to the Au- gusta, Ga., Chronicle of the “beauti- ful life” of his colored servant. On December 8, 1927, Amelia Roberts, in the late seventies of her life and with her faculties unimpaired, passed to her Maker peacefully and without premoni- tion in the presence of her beloved daughter. For my family and myself I am moved to make this affectionate and just tribute. It has been my privilege to know her during my life, first as identified with the family of my father-in-law, Major George T. Barnes, and for more than thirty-three years as a mem’ tr of my immediate household. I hesitate for fear of seeming exaggeration to attempt to fully express our appreciation and grati- tude for the pleasure, comfort, and help, she has ever been to all of us. A de- voted friend she has ever been in gen- erous sympathy with our joys and sor- rows and there has never been any stint in her aid or affection. She loved the beautiful and especially—even caressing- ly—joyed in handling flowers and ever succeeded in adding a touch of beauty. As much as anyone I have ever known did she take unaffected delight in making others happy. To rich and poor, to white and colored, in health and more in sickness did she manifest such desire. It was the natural outpouring of her love to do good. Her refinement was ex- quisite. I never knew of her doing or sanctioning anything that would grate on the most sensitive. Genuineness, loyalty, kindliness, goodness made hers a beauti- ful life and us the better for knowing her. NEGRO SUFFRAGE HE Annual Meeting of the Ex- ecutive Committee of the Federal council of Churches was recently held in Cleveland and the ministers natur- ally began to talk about the 18th Amendment. Suddenly, up popped the shadow of the 14th and 15th Amendments and several colored men waxed eloquent on the subject. A resolution was finally drafted by the Business Committee of the meeting. It was a rather small knothole but the Commission crawled through and said: “The Question of enforcing the 18th Amendment has become an outstanding moral issue in America today and has raised the question of obedience to the fundamental law of our land, including all amendments to the Constitution. We, 94 therefore, go on record as endorsing the honest enforcement of the Constitution including all the amendments, and we ask the cooperation of all the com- munions of the Federal Council of Churches to that end.” INTER-RACIAL CHIVALRY ENRY B. HAZARD of Wash- ington, D. C., writes us of a few personal observations of racial contacts in Washington: Would you know the real hearts of folks? Then observe them in the daily walks of life, and their instinctive re- action to commonplace situations — in crowded street cars, for instance. A colored nurse girl, carrying a heavy white child, boards the car. A white lad offers her a seat. But possibly that was because of the white child, you may say. A white man, in his hurry to leave the car, forgets his valuable umbrella and leaves it in the seat. He is quickly followed to the platform by a colored girl who timidly touches his shoulder and courteously calls his attention to his property. On the way to work, a white woman is standing, with both white and colored men seated. It is a colored man who respectfully gives up his seat to her. And when we add to the list a badly wounded white World War vet- eran proceeding from a hospital, who insists on hanging to a strap that an aged colored woman may occupy his vacated seat, may we not well believe that hearts beat alike with the same human kindness, regardless of origin and exterior differences? The adjuration, “be ye kind one to another,” was directed to no one race, nor does any group have a monopoly on its observance. “Of a truth I perceive that God is no respecter of persons: .. . And hath made of one blood all nations of men for to dwell on all the face of the earth...” THE KLAN IN LITERATURE COLORED woman working in a cleaning establishment at De- troit, Michigan, found this piece of “literature” in one of the Klansmen’s pockets. We publish nine of the nine- teen stanzas: KU KLUX KLAN Oh Lord, we noble K. K. K.’s Come now beseeching Thee, Give us the Kingdom and the power, And grant to us this Plea. Oh Lord, do keep the negro down Let devilishness his path grown, The Jew and Catholic turn around Send down on them thy frown. a BS Thou knowest Lord we should be first, Wilt thou not order thus Lo let their wishes over us, Will surely bring a curse. They are growing too intelligent, And too anxious to make a race, Here on this white man’s government, Right in the white man’s face. We have tried our best both day and night, To force them to the wall, Made wages less and clipped their rights, But they rise with this and all. But we are in this fight to win, The battle now is on, We will wade through blood up to our chin, To keep the negro down. But oh, Lord, we have kindly built, To our purpose we are true, We want the length and breadth of earth Just for our chosen few. Break down the Catholic and the Jew Cast out the sons of Ham - And we will spread the joyful news, Hosanna to the Lamb. If Thou Oh Lord, will hear our prayer And answer it alright, We will thank Thee ’til the day We are where, There will be no negroes to fight. LOUISIANA SCHOOLS COMMITTEE from the Par- ents group of one of the colored schools of New Orleans sets forth the following facts: 1. There are 1,157 pupils enrolled in the Valena C. Jones School. To house these pupils, one main building, consisting of 12 poorly venti- lated and equipped classrooms, an annex with 7 classrooms and 2_ industrial rooms, and a bungalow with 4 rooms are used. Thhe total seating capacity of the school is 827. 3. There are 18 drinking fountains and 24 toilets. 4. In the main school yard, all drink- ing fountains are exposed to the weather. The toilets are out from the main build- ing and annex. In rainy and cold weather children are compelled to cross the yard to attend their needs. The yard is a veritable lake in rainy weather. 5. The hall in the annex is cold. There is no method of heating it. After each rainy and cold spell this winter chil- dren have remained out of school for personal illness, and one third of teach- ers are always ill. Tue Crisis Ce ET SHS TNT ee ee are © Fren dem: gion rema mE raise plent not ment L scarc ende: hous: from ing \ front the « ditch was the « Ce to tl until take mur he 1 C tatio year trag cord vers’ wert conv banj orch Atla the | Ma

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6. Eight classes of first grade pupils have a school day of 2% hours. 7, The sizes of these classes vary from 37 to 51 pupils. 8. Twenty-six teachers and one prin- cipal constitute the faculty. 9, Four classrooms and four teachers are used to teach 352 pupils in first grade. 10. The 1927 school census shows there are 5,152 colored children of school age in the 7th Ward. 11. This is a rapidly developing sec- tion of the City. It is a community largely composed of colored tax payers and_ renters. For these reasons, the parents of the Valena C. Jones School are asking for a 36-room modern brick building contain- ing 32 class-rooms, four rooms for house- keeping: a kitchen, bed room, dining room, pupils’ lunch room; a_ sewing room, manual training room, a room for health work, a basement and assem- bly room. NOTES FROM THE SOUTH E clip the following notes from letters and papers. The italics are ours: B. J. Doty, deserted from the French Foreign Legion and was con- demned to death. The American Le- gion secured his release. Mr. Doty remarks, in the Baltimore Sun: “T want to get back to Mississippi and raise cotton,” he explained. “There’re plenty of black folk to kick around. It’s not necessary to travel to get excite- ment.” Doty is from Biloxi. HE Valdosta, Ga., Daily Times has this account of an automobile accident : Details of the accident are rather scarce, but they state that the child was endeavoring to cross the street near the house, while the Negro was driving in from Quitman. Another car, also go- ing west, struck the child, who darted in front of Corbett’s vehicle. He turned the car as rapidly as possible toward the ditch and threw on brakes, but the child was nevertheless struck just as she and the car alike reached the di¢ch. Corbett jumped from the car and ran to the child. He remained at the place until the officers arrived, when he was taken into custody. Subsequently a warrant charging murder was sworn out for him, and he was transferred to the county jail. Corbett, who has a very good repu- tation and has been employed for many years by a local firm, insisted that the tragedy was entirely unavoidable. The Charlotte, N. C. Observer re- cords the antics of students of the Uni- versity of N. C. with freak Ford cars: Two other interesting Ford stories were unearthed here recently while in conversation with Alec Mendenhall, banjo picker for the Carolina Buccaneer orchestra, which was stationed at the Atlantic hotel in Morehead City during the summer. March, 1928 The musicians returned to the coast aboard their purchases and proceeded to decorate them during their spare time. Mendenhall painted his roadster blue and put 87 three-inch white circles about the body and fenders. . . . The other car is decorated in an equally colorful manner. It is in the university colors, blue and white. One side is white with blue doors and the other side is blue with white doors, with the fenders in blue and white as required by the color scheme. 4 natural skull adorns the radiator cap. It is that of a Negro who was lynched at Ocean City a year or so ago. HE Jackson, Miss., Daily Clarion- Ledger says of two porters in a local hotel: Jackson police late Wednesday night arrested two Negro men, Major Pin- kerson and George Lewis, and two white women, in a room of a local hotel, their conduct being Such as to cause a charge of disorderly conduct being placed against the women, who were placed in jail here, while the Negroes were car- ried to Raymond for safe keeping. A private letter adds these details: “Lewis and Pinkerson are both re- ported to be in precarious conditions. It is said the charges had been dismissed in police court when the deputy was bringing them back from Raymond to Jackson. The boys say the sheriff of- fered no resistance whatever and that when they saw the mob they, the boys, jerked loose but the sheriff (that is the deputy sheriff) grabbed them and turned them over to the mob. “They were sent from here yesterda) to Raymond, Miss., this county for al- leged safe keeping. Today at 12 o’clock noon when being brought back to Jack- son they were taken from the sheriff by a mob and castrated, their ears cut off and they were laid on their backs and heavy men stood on the two boys’ ab- domens and jumped up and down on them and thereby ruptured them. This is the fourth case in which Ne- gro boys have been castrated here within the past year charged only with mutual intercourse with white women.” FROM AFRICA IR GORDON GUGGISBERG, former Governor of the Gold Coast, has been making speeches in America concerning the Africans. Africa has heard and this is one reply from the Gold Coast Independent: In telling his audience that the natives of the Gold Coast do not want to mix with the white people, and that a chief in the Gold Coast is elected by the people and if he is not a good chief and com- mits many offences he can be deposed and another elected in his place, Sir Gor- don appears to us to have adopted the principle of telling half the truth. For in truth, we should have expected him to be very frank in telling his American audientes of the Provincial Council of Chiefs and The Native Administration Ordinance, all of his making, which materially tend to render the people powerless in deposing any Chief who does not conform to the traditions and constitutional oath of his Stool. For by the aid of these nefarious measures Government seeks to augment the pow- ers of its favoured and misguided Chiefs so as to defy, set at nought and even over-ride the authority of the Oman (The State Council in the several States) from whom, according to native customary laws, these Chiefs derive their powers and whose is the unques- tionable last word in deciding upon the enstoolment or destoolment of any de- linquent Chief. The picture presented by Sir Gordon to his hearers, provided he is correctly reported, of the alleged disinclination of the blacks to mix with the whites is distorted and misleading. The natives of this country have always exhibited a sincere good-will and esprit de corps for their white friends—official and mercantile—and this is always so, notwithstanding the grievous fact, that our white officials in their zealous devo- tion to and ardent worship of the bogey of organised bureaucracy, have always kept their promises to the Natives with Punic faith. Segregation is the policy and belief of these officials and there is nothing which widens more the gulf of race prejudice than segregation, which we cannot help confessing has always been encouraged by our Administrators —Sir Gordon as well, none so the more. We demur with considerable misgivings the veracity of the assertion of Sir Gor- don that the people of the Gold Coast are suspicious of the American Negro, fearing an attempt on his part to take advantage of them. As this unfounded statement may likely tend to engender ill-feeling in our brethren in America ‘ainst us, we make haste to repudiate it. On the contrary, we aver in all conscientiousness that we have always bewailed the fact that we are not suf- ficiently in touch with our brethren on the other side and fervently pray that we may come at no distant date to know each other as we should, believing that by that means the emancipation of our people from economic serfdom will be considerably enhanced. Our brethren in America may well rest assured that they enjoy our fullest confidence and we watch their affairs with great interest whilst wishing them greater successes in all the big things they have been achiev- ing which tend daily to infuse in us in- spiration more and more to pursue our course in the general run for progress. @ A singular political tangle has arisen on the Gold Coast, British West Africa. In giving the people the right to minority representation in the Gov- ernor’s Council, the English tried to institute a council of Paramount Chiefs with certain law making powers. As the chiefs are elected by the people, the people resent this attempt which practically elects their chiefs for them. They are refusing to let the chiefs sit in the Council. 95 ane

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ara ead SATS WIR RY EPROM eH OS A DET - A ARO 9g EEE BPE no et Fo-stacrif-te THE CHARLES WADDELL CHESNUTT HONORARIUM, 1927 HE CRISIS has the honor to an- nounce the distribution of the Charles Waddell Chesnutt Honoraria for the best three contributions to THE Crisis during the year 1927, as fol- lows: To Mrs. Effie Lee Newsome, $200 for the “Little Page” contributed to ten numbers of THE CRrISsIs. To W. E. Matney, $100 for “Teaching Business’, an essay con- tributed to the July number. To Zona Gale, $50, for “Medals”, a poem contributed to the September number. The donors of the Fund for these prizes included: Mrs. E. R. Alexan- der, John E. Nail, Jr., James Weldon Johnson, George W. Crawford, W. E. B. Du Bois, and Tue Crisis maga- zine. The decision as to the prize win- ners was made by the Editors of THE Crisis with the advice of readers who have written us. AUGUSTUS G. DILL T is with deep regret that THE Crisis announces the withdrawal with this issue of Mr. Augustus G. Dill as Business Manager. For nearly fifteen years Mr. Dill has given us loyal and efficient service. He was by nature and training the sensitive artist and musician rather than the business man and it was with hesitation that I asked him to leave his chosen voca- tion of teaching at Atlanta Univer- sity and throw in his lot with a cause of precarious prospects. He came to THE Crisis at a sacrifice and the mul- titudinous and often petty details of a business office in a cold and selfish city made hard demands upon his time and strength. He stuck to his job and saw its success and growth. He leaves it today with the good wishes of all his fellow workers who will always remain his sympathetic and admiring friends. 96 MEP THE NAME “NEGRO” South Bend, Ind. EAR SIR: I am only a high school student in my Sophomore year, and have not the understanding of you college educated men. It seems to me that since THE Crisis is the Official Organ of the Na- tional Association for the Advancement of Colored People which stand for equal- ity for all Americans, why would it designate, and segregate us as “Ne- groes’, and not as “Americans”. The most piercing thing that hurts me in this February Crisis, which forced me to write, was the notice that called the natives of Africa, “Negroes”, in- stead of calling them “Africans”, or “natives”. The word, “Negro”, or “nigger”, is a white man’s word to make us feel in- ferior. I hope to be a worker for my race, that is why I wrote this letter. | hope that by the time I become a man, that this word, “Negro”, will be abol- ished. Rotanp A. Barton. Y dear Roland: Do not at the outset of your career make the all too common error of mistaking names for things. Names are only conventional signs for iden- tifying things. Things are the reality that counts. If a thing is despised, either because of ignorance or because it is despicable, you will not alter mat- ters by changing its name. If men despise Negroes, they will not despise them less if Negroes are called ‘‘col- ored” or “Afro-Americans”. Moreover, you cannot change the name of a thing at will. Names are not merely matters of thought and reason; they are growths and habits. As long as the majority of men mean black or brown folk when they say “Negro”, so long will Negro be the name of folks brown and black. And neither anger nor wailing nor tears can or will change the name until the name-habit changes. But why seek to change the name? “Negro” is a fine word. Etymologic- ally and phonetically it is much better and more logical than “African” or “colored” or any of the various hy- phenated circumlocutions. Of course, it is not “historically” accurate. No name ever was historically accurate: Du. Pore neither “English,” “French,” ‘Ger- man,” “White,” “Jew,” “Nordic” nor “Anglo-Saxon.” They were all at first nicknames, misnomers, accidents, grown. eventually to conventional habits and achieving accuracy because, and simply because, wide and continued usage rendered them accurate. In this sense “Negro” is quite as accurate, quite as old and quite as definite as any name of any great group of people. Suppose now we could change the name. Suppose we arose tomorrow morning and lo! instead of being “Ne- groes’’, all the world called us ‘“Cheiro- polidi’,—do you really think this would make a vast and momentous difference to you and to me? Would the Negro problem be suddenly and eternally settled? Would you be any less ashamed of being descended from a black man, or would your school- mates feel any less superior to you? The feeling of inferiority is in you, not in any name. The name merely evokes what is already there. Exorcise the hateful complex and no name can ever make vou hang your head. Or, on the other hand, suppose that we slip out of the whole thing by call- ing ourselves “Americans”. But in that case, what word shall we use when we want to talk about those descen- dants of dark slaves who are largely excluded still from full American citi- zenship and from complete social privi- lege with white folk? Here is Some- thing that. we want to talk about; that we do talk about; that we Ne- groes could not live without talking about. In that case, we need a name for it, do we not? In order to talk logically and easily and be understood. If you do not believe in the necessity of such a name, watch the antics of a colored newspaper which has deter- mined in a fit of New Year’s Resolu- tions not to use the word “Negro!” And then too, without the word that means Us, where are all those spiritual ideals, those inner bonds, those group ideals and forward striv- ings of this mighty army of 12 mil- lions? Shall we abolish these with the abolition of a name? Do we want to abolish them? Of course we do not. They are our most precious heritage. THE Crisis Hi of th “Neg mean were and sulte: are I are ( cesto a lit the n gro | to di Yo man, not “ them nothi Way just were easil; a Ne to le fine | And ing a temp or t worl G strail Neg: just as a shar the 1 Com fe cano fede: lines milii of { thin agail trut! war Cop may he 1 for Non Stat slav stro! thar have had N abst figh that the M a

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Historically, of course, your dislike of the word Negro is easily explained: “Negroes” among your grandfathers meant black folk; “Colored” people were mulattoes. The mulattoes hated and despised the blacks and were in- sulted if called “Negroes”. But we are not insulted—not you and I. We are quite as proud of our black an- cestors as of our white. And perhaps a little prouder. What hurts us is the mere memory that any man of Ne- gro descent was ever so cowardly as to despise any part of his own blood. Your real work, my dear young man, does not lie with names. It is not a matter of changing them, losing them, or forgetting them. Names are nothing but little guideposts along the Way. The Way would be there and just as hard and just as long if there were no guideposts,—but not quite as easily followed! Your real work as a Negro lies in two directions: First, to let the world know what there is fine and genuine about the Negro race. And secondly, to see that there is noth- ing about that race which is worth con- tempt; your contempt, my contempt; or the contempt of the wide, wide world. Get this then, Roland, and get it straight even if it pierces your soul: a Negro by any other name would be just as black and just as white; just as ashamed of himself and just as shamed by others, as today. It is not the name—it’s the Thing that counts. Come on, Kid, let’s go get the Thing! W. E. B. Du Bors. ROBERT E. LEE ACH year on the 19th of Janu- ary there is renewed effort to canonize Robert E. Lee, the great con- federate general. His personal come- liness, his aristocratic birth and _ his military prowess all call for the verdict of greatness and genius. But one thing —one terrible fact — militates against this and that is the inescapable truth that Robert E. Lee led a bloody war to perpetuate human slavery. Copperheads like the New York Times may magisterially declare: “‘of course, he never fought for slavery”. Well, for what did he fight? State rights? Nonsense. The South cared only for State Rights as a weapon to defend slavery. If nationalism had been a stronger defense of the slave system than particularism, the South would have been as nationalist in 1861 as it had been in 1812. No. People do not go to war for abstract theories of government. They fight for property and privilege and that was what Virginia fought for in the Civil War. And Lee followed March, 1928 Virginia. He followed Virginia- not because he particularly loved slavery (although he certainly did not hate it), but because he did not have the moral courage to stand against his family and his clan. Lee hesitated and hung his head in shame because he was asked to lead armies against human progress and Christian decency and did not dare refuse. He surrendered not to Grant, but to Negro Emancipation. Today we can best perpetuate his memory and his nobler traits, not by falsifying his moral débacle, but by ex- plaining it to the young white South. What Lee did in 1861, other Lees are doing in 1928. They lack the moral courage to stand up for justice to the Negro because of the overwhelming public opinion of their social environ- ment. ‘Their fathers in the past have condoned lynching and mob violence, just as today they acquiesce in the dis- franchisement of educated and worthy black citizens, provide wretchedly in- adequate public schools for Negro children and endorse a public treat- ment of sickness, poverty and crime which disgraces civilization. It is the punishment of the South that its Robert Lees and Jefferson Davises will always be tall, handsome and well-born. That their courage will be physical and not moral. That their leadership will be weak compli- ance with public opinion and never costly and unswerving revolt for jus- tice and right. It is ridiculous to seek to excuse Robert Lee as the most for- midable agency this nation ever raised to make 4 million human beings goods instead of men. Either he knew what slavery meant when he helped maim and murder thousands in its defense, or he did not. If he did not he was a fool. If he did, Robert Lee was a traitor and a rebel—not indeed to his country, but to humanity and human- ity’s God. PREJUDICE REJUDICE against Negroes is in- stinctive in the young; but this is the way that Burch and Patterson’s “American Social Problems”, (Mac- millan, 1922), helps the young white idea along: Chapter 11, “The American Race Problem”’: “The natural selection of a tropical environment, operating for thousands of years, has produced in the Negro quali- ties which cannot be overcome by a few centuries of civilization.” “The gallant sea rovers who sailed the Spanish Main were merchantmen or pirates, slavers or men-of-war, as the occasion demanded.” “Most of the slaves accepted their fate stoically, for their moral ideals were low and their conceptions of family life undeveloped.” “We have seen the effects of a tropi- cal environment upon the racial heredity of the Negro. Some of these slavery accentuated as, for example, irrespon- sibility and an undeveloped moral sense. Under these circumstances may we ex- pect the family ideals of the Negro to compare favorably with our own?” “Prohibition has established itself in the South to make Negro labor more eficient and to diminish crime. The Negro’s ignorance and superstition are proverbial, while his uncleanliness ex- acts a terrible toll.” “The Negro represents a nature peo- ple, unmoral rather than immoral.” “That the Negro is not adapted to the environment of the Northern states is shown by the fact that his race would die in the North were it not recruited by fresh migrations from the South.” “A similar sad fate has awaited them here, for the Negro does not seem adapted to city life.” “Colored legislators sat in the proud halls of Southern capitals, while illiterate ex-slaves wasted the public funds in a wave of corrupt and foolish extrava- gance.” “The laws of many states forbid the inter-marriage of Negroes and whites. This is regarded by intelligent men of both races as a wise prohibition.” “Born and surrounded by a bad social environment, his tendency toward crime is natural. The ambitious and forward mulatto is often regarded with suspi- cion by both races, to neither of which is he able to adjust himself. On the other hand, this mixed group has pro- duced many of the great leaders of the colored race.” “In some places a system closely re- sembling peonage has been uncovered. The planter, however, often finds it dif- ficult to secure Negroes for steady work.” “In his present stage of economic de- velopment, it is difficult to see how the Negro could properly support himself. He might even lapse into a state of bar- barism.” FORTY AND EIGHT Mr. Charles P. Flynn C. de G. Society 40 and 8 Dear Mr. Flynn: I AM with much regret tendering my resignation to the Society of 40 and 8 because of the refusal of the national organization to remove the discrimination against color. During the war I commanded three regiments of Negro combat troops and served with them in battle. Their quality as soldiers was very high and in their devotion to duty and patriotism they measured up to the best standard of American citizenship. To deny these men admission to a Society based upon membership in the American Legion and upon their war service is a gross injustice. When initiated into the 40 and 8 I did not know of this discrimination. I have not resigned before because of 97 A IA OCT TT TO AC TT ieee a TTT

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; i j Fi ri a i the assurances of the Massachusetts officers that it would be removed from the National Constitution. You have done everything possible without suc- cess. I do not mean my action to im- ply criticism upon the Massachusetts society but in justice to the men who served with me, I cannot longer defer action. Joun H. SHERBURNE. Note: The Massachusetts Society of the 40 and § has unanimously gone on record demanding the change of the Constitution and has taken the color discrimination out of its own Consti- tution. Tue Epiror. BLACK AND WHITE WORKERS HE struggle for the liberation of the working classes in general and of the Negro race in America in particular is, of course, at bottom the same struggle. But great difficulty faces both the workers because the es- sential identity of the problem is not recognized either by white working- men or black. Black workingmen are the heirs of every effort. which the white working masses have made to- ward freedom: the bestowal of uni- versal suffrage; the shortening of the hours of labor; the protection of wo- men and children in industr,;; the rec- ognition of the right to collective bar- gaining; and all the rest of the vic- tories more or less completely won by the working class movement. Through these victories Negroes were emanci- pated from slavery in America; par- tially enfranchised; and given at least a fighting chance for a living wage. On the other hand, all this story has not been told Negroes and they are not born knowing all about it. The work- ing class movement has seldom at- tempted any intelligent propaganda to let them know of the past struggle; the Negro home does not know it; and the Negro school does not teach it. And to make the matter worse, both white and black workingmen have come un- der the sinister influence of the white employer. The white workingman has swal- lowed the white employer’s race preju- dice, lock, stock and barrel; so that he doesn’t want to work beside Negroes; he doesn’t want to live in their neigh- borhood; he doesn’t want to vote for them or with them; he doesn’t want to share the same parks, movies, street cars and railway trains; and he doesn’t want anybody to think that he is as low as a Negro. The black workingman has taken from the white employer a different set of beliefs, but equally composed of prejudices and assumptions. If he hunts a job, he is told that the white 98 employer is willing to employ him but that the white workingmen will not work with him and that his only chance to work is to “scab”. And the difficulty is that this is largely true. He finds the white workingmen vot- ing against his schools and civil rights and excluding him from his trade unions; and the white employer is not at all loath to let the Negro know these facts in detail. In addition to this and on the posi- tive side, through the white employer and capitalist the Negro receives many of the things which the City and State backed by the white workers’ vote re- fuse to give him: all of the Negro colleges; most of his secondary and high schools; a large part of the bet- ter school buildings have been the gift to him from white philanthropists and they stand as a tremendous bribe to make Negroes hate white fellow work- ers and look upon them as his ene- mies. All this would be important if it affected only the United States where the Negro forms perhaps one-ninth of the working class. But with local dif- ferences all this is essentially true of the colored workers throughout the world and a majority of the world’s workers today are colored. White workers are today as yesterday voting armies and navies to keep. China, In- dia, Mexico and Central America in subjection and being paid high wages to do this while “niggers” and “dagoes” and “chinks” starve, slave and die. What chance is there then for the real liberation of any working class until the white and colored workers who now compete for each other’s bread understand each other and know the history of the labor move- ment? And what better medium is there for understanding than periodi- cals, monthly, weekly and daily, widely disseminated, which tell the truth to both groups? THE FAILURE TO VOTE OHN HAYS HAMMOND of the National Civic Federation admitted failure in his “get-out-the-vote” cam- paign of November, 1926. Twenty- four states fell behind the voting rec- ord of 1922 and forty-one fell far be- hind the record of 1924; and this hap- pened despite a non-partisan movement backed by the largest and most power- ful general organizations in the land. Twenty-one millions voted in 1922, thirty millions in 1924 and less than twenty-two millions in 1926. The eligible vote in 1926 was sixty-two mil- lions. Only one citizen in three thought voting worth while. Ameri- cans think baseball is worth while; they think prize fighting is important ; they think divorce trials and crime head. lines news; but for fifty years, since the Negro was enfranchised, he and the American world have been taught that voting is a failure and democracy unequal to the task of efficient govern- ment. American after American, of wide power and influence, comes home from abroad lauding autocracy; a per- sistent campaign against state owner- ship and control of industry has had astonishing success; popular primary elections—once a triumph of democ- racy—are being laughed and shamed out of court. And what does all this failure and reaction prove? It proves simply that democracy cannot function without in- telligent voters who stand with the Negro in regarding the right to vote as the one great weapon and _ prero- gative of free manhood. HERNDON HE Crisis brings me the news of the death of Alonzo F. Herndon ef Atianta, Ga., whom I had known and whose friendship I have cl.erished since back in the 90’s when ! was teaching at Storr’s School and Mr. Herndon was Treasurer of the First Congregational Church. His mother, a beautiful, lovable woman, was a good friend of mine, in whose home I often was. I want to thank you for the kindly words of warm appreciation of my friend, who though born of a mother in whose gentle being flowed darker blood, yet he was as white in heart as any hero of any age. It seems to me the picture is an injustice but I have not seen him in years. I have several fine photos of him of years ago. Yes Dr. Du Bois, the “deviltry of color prejudice” did its evil work with him in more ways than you can realize. Some years after I was away from the South, we met in Boston, the first time he was ever out of Georgia. For one glad week he was escorted to most things worth seeing in Boston—from the State House, Library, Music Hall, worshipping in Phillips Brooks Church, staying at a good hotel and never in that time was the question of color once presented for he was everywhere supposed to be white, even by my friends whom he met. He might have left the South and all it meant and passed for a white man, but he was too staunch and loyal to do so. In spite of his lack of education there was a strong sense of just understand- ing, putting things together in his own wise way. He certainly was a fine character. Neue S. BAKER, Muncie, Ind. THE Crisis

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PRS 5 - ATLANTA UNIVERSITY IONEER in liberal education. P Advantages of a growing city and HOWARD UNIVERSITY fraternal relations with other institu- ii tions of higher learning. College and WASHINGTON, D. C. 1 Normal Departments. Practice teach- ing in grade and High School work. Founded by General O. O. Howard Graduates make good in Northern Uni- HI versities. FOR INFORMATION, Address The President, Atlanta University ATLANTA, GA. MORDECAI W. JOHNSON, President EMMETT J. SCOTT, Scretary-Treasurer i Purpose | . MorEHOUSE COLLEGE (Formerly Atlanta Baptist College) ATLANTA, GA. College, Academy, Divinity School N institution famous within recent years for its emphasis on all sides of manly development—the only insti- tution in the far South devoted solely to the education of Negro young men. Graduates given high ranking by greatest northern universities. Debat- T © provide the Twelve Million Colored People ot the United States with College-trained and Professional Leaders through its Courses in the Arts, the Sciences, in Education, Commerce and Finance, Public Health and Hygiene, Music, Engi- neering, Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy, Religion and Law. Students May Enter for Collegiate Work at the H ) Beginning of Any Quarter . NT ET TT ing, Y. M. C. A., athletics, all live fea- emai Oger. 6. 05s «.06Senes ocasedmeceeame March 21, 1928 i i INFORMATION, Address Wergioivation: «4 Tamer \SCuGOl. a oo. 5.6 cna oe ee coe vse sedans June 18, 1928 JOHN HOPE, President PTS CRE oo 5s dae oe kin sn Se det Sept. 24, 25, 26, 1928 i . FOR CATALOG AND INFORMATION WRITE: i 927 ’ ‘ = ; ni F. D. WILKINSON, Registrar Hl Clark University HOWARD UNIVERSITY Washington, D. C. Hil ATLANTA, GEORGIA | “Culture for Service” OVER 100 acres of beautiful campus. Twelve build- The NORTH CAROLINA i ings with new $215,000.00 Administration Build- ing with modern Chapel, Laboratories and Gymnasium. Clark University offers unusual educational oppor- tunities to aspiring young men and women. Terms reasonable. Departments: College of Arts and Sei- ence, Normal Training School, College Preparatory, Music and Home Economics, Formerly the Durham State Normal School OFFERS THE FOLLOWING COURSES 1. THE LIBERAL ARTS COURSE Leading to the A. B. Degree and offering sufficient work in Secondary | For information address M. S. DAVAGE, President Talladega College TALLADEGA, ALABAMA Sixty-first Year F. A. SUMNER, President UP-TO-DATE in its equipment. High standards of scholaiship. Thoroughly Christian in its ideals. COLLEGE for NEGROES | | Education to enable students to secure High School Teachers’ Cer- tificates, Class A, and High School Principals’ Certificates at the com- pletion of the course. 2. THE SCIENTIFIC COURSE Hl Leading to the B. S. Degree. if / Hi ; 3. THE PRE-MEDICAL COURSE A two-year pre-medical course preparing students for entrance into medical colleges will be given. DEPARTMENTS: Theological Seminary, College of Arts and Science, offering special courses in Educa- o. Social Service, Music, Physical train- ng. 4. SPECIAL COURSES IN COMMERCE AND MUSIC Six hundred students, 65 teachers and workers, 800 —_—_04 a me , 35 buildings, electric lights, steam heat. Beautiful and healthful location in the foothills of the Blue Ridge. An ideal place for young men and women. For further information address M, B. MILLER, Registrar. The faculty consists of men and women from the best colleges and universities in the country and meets the requirements of the North Carolina College Con- ference. FOR CATALOG AND FURTHER INFORMATION ADDRESS: THE NortH CAROLINA COLLEGE For NEGROES JAMES ot. serene DURHAM, N. C. Knoxville College KNOXVILLE, TENN. ODRPPPPPP PPP IP OP PP PIPPI PPP PPP PPP PP PPD Beautiful Situation and Healthful Location. Best Moral and Spiritual Environment. Splendid Intellectual Atmosphere. Noted for Honest and Thorough Work. i i Fully Accredited for Teachers’ Certificates by State Board. Home-like Dormitory Life with Careful Supervision. Live Athletic and Literary Interests. COURSES: College, Normal, High School, House- hold, Arts and Music. Expenses Very Reasonable Catalog and other literature sent free upon request. Address: J. KELLY GIFFEN, President. KNOXVILEE, TENN. { | TRAINING OF | KINDERGARTEN TEACHERS St. Mary’s School i ATLANTA UNIVERSITY Am Eplecepnlbearding chest. fer - givin, Professional Course of Two Years under the direction of the sisters of St. Address Mary. Address: THE SISTER-IN-CHARGE, i i town A’ > Fi , Pa. Atlanta University, Atlanta, Ga. 6138 German venue, Philadelphia March, 1928

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ee Rao apenas -umniahelindone = sia aa with departments of Medicine, Two years (Class One) College a ee . Graduation from a four years Pharmacy and Nurse blank address Hampton Institute Hampton, Virginia THE COLLEGE 1 DIVISION OF EDUCATION—four-year high- school teacher’s course leading to degree of Bachelor of Science; and two-year courses for primary, intermediate and upper-grade teachers. 2 DIVISION OF AGRICULTURE — four-year course leading to degree of Bachelor of Science. DIVISION OF HOME ECONOMICS—four- year course leading to degree of Bachelor of Science; and two-year course. 4 DIVISION OF BUSINESS—four-year course leading to degree of Bachelor of Science and two-year course—aims to prepare men and women for business positions or to teach business subjects. 5 DIVISION OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTION —four-year course leading to degree of Bachelor of Science; and two-year course— aims to train skilled builders. 6 DIVISION OF LIBRARY SCIENCE—one- year professional course—aims to prepare librarians for normal schools, colleges and branch libraries in city systems. 7 THE SUMMER SCHOOL—courses leading to degree of Bachelor of Science and State Certificates. ‘ DIVISION OF MUSIC—four-year course lead- ing to degree of Bachelor of Science. THE ACADEMY A standard four-year accredited high school, preparing for college entrance TRADE SCHOOL Four-year courses in each of twelve trades. oo vo) JAMES E. GREGG, Principal HAMPTON INSTITUTE, Virginia THE DEPARTMENT OF MECHANI- CAL INDUSTRIES for Boys comprises forty trades including Carpentry Brick. laying, Auto-Mechanics, Applied Electric- ity, Photography, Printing, Machine Shop Practice and Tailoring. THE WOMAN'S INDUSTRIES include Home Economics — Courses in Foods, Clothing, Millinery, Applied Art, Launder- ing, Household Management in addition to Home Crafts and Ladies’ Tailoring. THE AGRICULTURAL DEPART- MENT with 2,000 acres of land offers a comprehensive four-year course in Second- ary Agriculture and a full four-year col- lege course in Advanced Agriculture to train young men and women as Farm Demonstration and Home Demonstration Agents, Teachers of Agriculture and as Scientific Farmers. TWO-YEAR COLLEGE COURSES are offered in Education for the training of Robert R. Moton, Principal 100 Meharry Medical College -:-:- Registered with N: York Board of Regents Dentistry, Pharmacy and Nurse Training adual'te Gamal Gad tani for admission to the THERE IS AN ESPECIALLY oa DEMAND JOHN J. MULLOWNEY, M.D., President of Meharry Medical College, NASHVILLE, TENN. The TUSKEGEE NORMAL and —— INDUSTRIAL INSTITUTE Founded by Dr. Booker T. WasHINGTON ! i TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE, ALABAMA A CLASS **A™ COLLEGE to the Departments of Medicine and of FOR OUR DENT: + Agricultural and Technical College of North Carolina AT GREENSBORO An “A” Grade College An Agricultural Department Courses leading to the degree of B.S. in Agriculture. Bs A Technical Department _ Courses leading to the degree of B.S. in Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engi- neering and Architectural Engineering. A Science Department Courses leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science. . A Department of Education Courses leading to the degree of B.S. in Education, for the training of Vocational Teachers. A Trade Department Offering the following trades: Bricklaying, Plastering, Carpentry, Cabinet Making, Automobile Mechanics, Machine Shop Prac- tice, Tailoring, Shoe Making and Repairing, Plumbing, Electricity, Forging. A Standard Technical High School A High School which prepares students for College and for Vocations. Business Department A Stron Courses in Shorthand, Typewriting, Book- keeping, Commercial Law MODERN EQUIPMENT SPLENDID LOCATION MODERATE EXPENSES FALL TERM BEGINS SEPT. 14, 1928 For further information, address F. D. BLUFORD, President A. & T. COLLEGE Greensboro, N. C. yp SS Cher Exceptional Opportunities to Negro Youth for Thorough Education in tgh School and College Courses and in Agriculture, Mechanical Industries and in Industries for Women. Teachers in Elementary Schools, for Teachers of Mechanical Industries and in Business Training. FOUR-YEAR COLLEGE COURSES toning to the Bachelor of Science degree are offered in Agriculture and in Home Economics. THE HN A. ANDREW MEMO. RIAL HOSPITAL and Nurse Training School provides a three-year course in Nurse Training which euililies its gradu- ates for registration in all southern states. A SUMMER SCHOOL FOR TEACH- ERS, of ten weeks, divided into two terms, beginning June Ist and meeting the re- quirements of the Boards of Education of all southern states. Location Unsurpassed Information furnished upon application William H. Carter, Treasurer The Flood, the Red Cross, etc, (Continued from page 81) Cross proposed instead to rebuild the whole town. The citizens protested against this and requested them jp- stead to excavate and restore the dam- aged buildings. This plan was adopted and when I visited Melville in Oc. tober the streets were cleared and the principal buildings dug out and re. paired. Klotzville, as the colored section of town is called, is a dreary collection of little frame houses set negligently below the main part of the town. The water lifted them from the foundation blocks, whirled them around, and left them lying tipsily where they hap- pened to be. Some were totally wrecked, and some apparently simply disappeared. The banks of a: creek just outside the town were strewn with the timbers and the splintered frag- ments of household goods. Almost no rebuilding had been done in Klotz- ville, although some of the houses had been put back on the blocks, I talked with , who told me that it was believed that the white people were maneuvering to get the entire appropriation for the ‘town spent on white property. Upon returning from the refugee camp at Baton Rouge most of the col- ored refugees camped in Red Cross tents along the levee. As rapidly as possible they were sent back to live in such houses as were in any way habitable. When I was there only four families were left in tents and _ they had been told that the tents would be collected in a few days. The week be- fore 20 colored families had _ been turned out of the tents. They had no houses to go to and took refuge with friends and relatives as_ they could. Some found shelter under the piled-up wreckage of houses along the creek. The Red Cross worker ex- plained that the people had been given a week’s notice and the tents had been called in. I could not find any case where rations had been issued since August 5. There is no employment for colored people except on the levee. The stave mill where they are regu- larly employed was badly damaged and will be closed for many months. NE of the Red Cross workers drove around with me and pointed out the work they have com- pleted. It was almost exclusively white property. In showing me one house on which repairs had been made and household goods replaced she re- marked that it belonged to a widow. It was one of the better houses in town, and she explained that it was done first because of the _ policy to give first attention to widows. This THE Crisis a ST ret TT TT

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ft ind

Lincoln University ree ae eenanseeaaiie Pioneer in Collegiate and Theological Education ocredi' by Association of Colleges of ” tothe i Mriadle States and Maryland. POPPI PIISE LN Graduates are Leaders in the Livariovs professions and in all parts of the

Address: Wm. Hallock Johnson, President LINCOLN UNIVERSITY CHESTER COUNTY PENNSYLVANIA

VIRGINIA UNION UNIVERSITY RICHMOND, VIRGINIA ATED as a class A college by the State Boards of Education in Vir- _ginia and North Carolina. In addition to the sone college cur- riculum, work is offered in the follow- ing departments : Teachers College Pre-Medical Theological Law Commercial For additional information address THE PRESIDENT SHAW UNIVERSITY Founded 1865 Devoted exclusively to College and Theological work. “A” class college having a prestige in ~ gro education. Given graduate gender y universities of the North. With no hig school, increasing emphasis is placed upon college standards and the promotion of col- lege spirit in scholarship and athletics. at ees given: A.B., B.S., Th.B. and B.S. ome Economics. eee attention is given to the training of teachers. Terms moderate. send for gue, watgrees: ees dds L. P Presi- RSITY. OCR ren, NO aE CAROLINA JOHNSON C. SMITH UNIVERSITY (Formerly Biddle University) FOUNDED 1867 FOR MEN ONLY (CLASS “A” College and High School, so recognized by the North Carolina State Board of Education. A Standard Theological Seminary. Member of the Association of Col- leges for Negro Youth. Large endowment. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, address H. L. McCROREY, President Charlotte, North Carolina

The Ancrum School of Music Offers Courses in Piano, Pipe Organ, Violin, Voice, Theory, Solfeggio, Harmony, Composition. ngland Conservatory method. Excellent faculty. Fine dormitory rooms. Director: MRS, ESTELLE ANCRUM FORSTER Graduate N.E.C., 1919-20. SEND FOR YEAR BOOK. ADDRESS: 74 W. Rutland Sq., Boston, Mass. March, 1928

VIRGINIA NoRMAL AND INDUSTRIAL INSTITUTE (Virginia State College for Negro Youth) PETERSBURG, VIRGINIA Classed as an ‘‘A’’ college by Virginia and North Carolina

The College offers an excellent FACULTY, good physical conditions, curricula leading to degrees in the Arts and Sciences, Eudcation, Music, Home Economics, Agriculture and Industrial Education and a FOUK QUARTER SYSTEM of Organization. Graduates given high rating by Northern Colleges. Spring Quarter opens March 17 and Summer Quar- ter June 16. Expenses moderate. For further information write to Miss J. Louise Barrett, Registrar

The Cardinal Gibbons Institute RIDGE, ST. MARY’S COUNTY, MARYLAND A school for Negro young men and wo- en of character and purpose. Course of m Junior High School grade offered for the coming year. General Mechanics, Agriculture and Do- mestic Science are taught in parallel courses. Living conditions simple, healthful, well- supervised. For further information, address Victor H. Daniel, Principal, Ridge, Maryland

Bethune-Cookman Colle ge (Formerly The Daytona Normal and Industrial Inst.) DAYTONA BEACH, FLORIDA | OCATED in the beautiful Halifax country on the East coast of Florida. An institution where opportunity is afforded for the highest and best in education. Offering courses in JUNIOR COLLEGE Normal Training School for Teachers College Preparatory gS Pace work offered in Commerce, Music, Do- mestic Science and Art, Agriculture and Car- pentry. Athletics encouraged for Boys and Girls. Dormitory Facilities unsurpassed. FOR INFORMATION, Write to Mary McLeod Bethune, President EpwarRD WATERS COLLEGE JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA An Ideal Christian Home Schock in the Heart of Beautiful Florida For students unable to stand the rigors Northern winter. Grammar School, ag ee. School, igh School, N Music, , Commercal ee College Courses leading Degree, — Training, nny Science and Art, Band, Military Training for men, Physical education for aig 2 bert B. C , President Bishop tenn Hurst, Ch Chairs 's airman Beard ef Trustece

Fisk [University IN THE CITY OF NASHVILLE TKO The College Accredited four year liberal arts college. With 12 major departments. Music Department College major leading to B.A. degree. Diploma in music. Graduate Department Graduate work in Chemistry, English, History, Philosophy and Sociology. re SPRING QUARTER OPENS March 20, 1928 [——— ee Summer Session for teachers begins June 9, 1928 For Particulars, Address THE DEAN Fisk University Nashville, Tenn.

The Atlanta School of Social Work INCORPORATED GOOD PAYING JOBS FOR TRAINED NEGROES IN SOCIAL WORK Prepares Men and Women for This Interesting Profession. A NEW DIRECTOR AND AN EX- PANDED PROGRAM THIS YEAR. For Further Information, Address the Director. Forrester B. Washington, A.M. Atlanta School of Social Work 239 Auburn Avenue Northeast Atlanta, Georgia

Simmons University, {euisville, Ky- The only institution in the State ha for 1 object Collegiate, Ministerial, Medical wad Legal training for Colored Citizens in Kentucky. Special training in pageeenee, Social Service, Nurs- ing and a Work. Normal, ommercial, " Music, Domesti ence, oo Training Class. > 7 Degrees Evening classes, course. offered. on P: PARRISH, President.

<aatans amma ae TT EA AACS a TT

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ee eee, ae “mn YOUR YOU. SEIZE THIS TOO LATE. 40 SO. CHURCH ST., PHYSICIANS’ EUROPEAN TOUR (Second Tour) Sailing from New York, May 24, S.S. Westphalia, Cabin Class Itinerary includes Germany, Czecho-Slovakia, Austria, Italy, Monaco, Switzerland, France, Belgium, Holland, England and Ireland with a Comprehensive sightseeing Program 75 DAYS—$1,045.00 The Physicians will visit clinics in Hamburg, Berlin, Prague, Munich, Lyon, Zurich, Paris, Brussels and Amsterdam. Membership open not only to physicians but to their friends and others interested in European travel. This is a rare opportunity to visit Europe under ideal conditions. For complete information write Dr. A. Wilberforce Williams 3545 State Street CHICAGO, ILLINOIS % Go To PARIS and Europe FREE A Real Education and Vacation for Yourself, Mother, Teacher or Minister Also Funds and Scholarships for SELF SCHOOL CHURCH or CLUB————BY OUR PLAN OUR SIMPLE DIGNIFIED EASY METHOD WILL PLEASE OPPORTUNITY BEFORE IT IS COMMUNICATE WITH CENTRAL OFFICE AMERICAN SERVICE INSTITUTE BECKLEY, W. VA. SEE EUROPE NEXT SUMMER Six Weeks Tour, $385 Become one of a small party of cultivated, congenial persons who are going to tour France and England under the direction of an experienced European traveler. Visit Shakespeare’s home, Eton, Oxford, London, Paris, Alsace-Lorraine, The Prov- ence, Touraine. Enroute and in Europe lectures will be given on the places to be visited, on con- temporary French life and politics, on French architecture, and ample facilities will be pro- vided for conversational French. For detailed itinerary and _ particulars address PROF. N. P. BARKSDALE Lincoln Univ., Jefferson City, Mo. ORDER NOW! The African Bible entitled “THE HOLY PIBY” on sale at the Sub House of Athlyi 8 Seventh Ave., NEWARK, N. J. Price $2.00—A wonderful book ORDERS PROMPTLY FILLED Sung by choirs, choruses, quartets and singing so- Li ai cieties. Also at school and college commencements and public meetings. aa A VOICE Words. by James Weldon Johnson. Music by J. Rosamond Johnson. Song, voice and piano—25c. Male or mixed voices—15c “a> THE BIG AMERICAN SONG HIT Orders coming in from Coast to Coast for song, (40c) ; piano solo, (40c); orchestra, (75c); band, ($3.25); tenor banjo, (60c); quartette, (25c); violin solo, (40c). Broad- cast over 87 stations to 50 million listeners. Teachers Wanted Session 1927 Teachers: Have you considered carefully the business side of your profession? Are you a member of the Interstate Colored Teacher’s Agency? 501 NORTH THIRD ST., RICHMOND, VA. IF NOT, JOIN We find i for you in an cae you desire. iter at once. ay. J. H. Blackwell, Ph.D., Manager 102 12 BEAUTY TREATMENTS 3YCC: Look 10 Years Younger Gn Less Than 10 Minutes ¥ applied only to white widows. All of the more substantial houses have been repaired, most of them with Red Cross aid. One exceptional case was pointed out to me, the house of a man who was doing the work himself, being paid for the work by the Red Cross. The worker admitted that this man was colored, but explained apologetically that he was a very superior colored man. The real explanation of the discrim- ination in Melville seemed to me to lie in the method used, which differs from that of other areas. Rehabilita. tion there has been worked out on a case-work basis. Every application for aid is investigated very thoroughly and the entire family situation as to re. sources, liabilities, losses and need as certained and verified. In the light of this information the worker recom- mends the amount needed. This case is presented first to the Red Cross Area Director, and when approved by him is presented to the local Committee, This Committee is made up of lead- ing citizens, usually a banker, a real estate man, a lawyer or two, a clergy- man and a doctor. I have known a Red Cross Committee to have a Labor representative, but I have never known one to have a Negro representative. Each case when presented is voted on by this group, and the amount of the award thus decided. Nearly always this decision is final, although it can be changed by the Area Director. The Committee has a good deal of power and its recommendations receive seri- ous consideration and are extremely likely to be acted upon. My supposi- tion in regard to the action of the lo- cal Committee in Melville was con- firmed by a conversation which I had with a gentleman whom I met in the City Hall. I had been introduced as a Red Cross worker from Vicksburg and he began telling me some of the difficulties of life in a town where at least 65% of the population was col- ored. I applied the stimulus, “of course you Southerners understand the Negroes as we Northerners can’t”, and he responded immediately. It seemed that that was only too true but that unfortunately most Northerners did not realize it. Their Red Cross work- ers, in fact, had come in and attempted to carry out a most outrageous plan by which white and colored cases were to be treated alike. The Committee, of which he was a member, had had con- siderable difficulty in educating them but had at last succeeded and antici- pated no trouble in that line. No plan involving equality between white and colored would be tolerated in that town for a minute. It is probable that an informal agreement was made whereby white cases were to have first attention. THE Crisis Ma

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“We Are Glad to Report”, —In the Language of George F. Babbitt, 66 USINESS has been good with us during 1927.” Maybe we wouldn’t report anything else. But one item has more significance than you may realize from this statement. That is, Colored People are departing from the old idea of life insurance as a funeral benefit. Our VICTORY A-A SPECIAL was prepared in March, 1927, to be issued only in larger amounts, with $2,500.00 as the minimum, for a limited number of Select Risks. As announced in THE CRISIS, maximum benefits, including total and permanent dis- ability income and a waiver of premium, with double indemnity for accidental death, could be included because of a more careful selection of the risks, and the reduced ex- penses involved in the larger amounts of insurance. Between the 28th of March and the 31st of December, 1927, Colored People paid for 348 of these policies, for a total of $1,106,500.00 of insurance. In the nine months since the VICTORY A-A SPECIAL was announced, this one policy has constituted a fifth of all our new business. The average policy is about $3,000.00 and more than half the people who buy it are between the ages of 27 and 41 years. This causes us to say that Colored People are buying Life Insurance for other pur- poses than a nominal funeral benefit. During 1928 discriminating people will find in the VICTORY A-A SPECIAL in- creased facilities for building up from year to year assured incomes for dependents, provisions for the education of children, for the payment of mortgages, protection from creditors in the development of business enterprise, and, in general, relief from most of the cares and worries about unforeseen circumstances that overshadow a busy and productive life-time. ee eee NTR insu teaieigpenininn meet eat EET AAA All our policies have modern provisions with reasonable premium rates. A specimen copy of the VICTORY A-A SPECIAL with complete information will be sent you upon request. Victory Life Insurance Company Home Office: 3621 South State St. Chicago, Ill. SECURING THE ADMISSION OF THE **$200,000.00 Capital and the Only Negro Company Operating Under the Victory Life Insurance Company” Supervision of the New York Insurance Department.” AS THE FIRST NEGRO ORGANIZATION PERMITTED TO DO INSURANCE BUSINESS Policies may be secured from our agents or mail UNDER THE RIGID REQUIREMENTS OP PHE y f & by e anywhere STATE OF NEW YORK" in the United States March, 1928

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perry Me MORGAN (COLLEGE John O. Spencer, President John W. Haywood, A.M., S.T.D., Dean SCATION College town between North and South. COURSES:—Semester Credit System. A.B., B.S., and B.S. in Education degrees. Advanced courses in Education Certifi- cates for high school teaching. RATING:—Accredited by the Association of Colleges and Preparatory Schools for the Middle States and Maryland, by the State Board of Education in Maryland, and other States. POLICY :—Co-educational. FACULTY:—University trained specialists. SITE:—Eighty-five acres, beautiful scenery, athletic fields. DORMITORIES:—Equipped and supervised. SUMMER SCHOOL:—(1928) Six weeks, June 25th to August 3rd. DORMITORIES OPEN:—September 23, 1927. REGISTRATION:—Sept. 23rd and 24th, 1927. INFORMATION :—Address Edward N. Wil- son, Registrar, Morgan College, Balti- more, Md. Wiley College MARSHALL, TEXAS M. W. DOGAN, President H. J. MASON, Executive Secretary Ideals, Traditions, Standards of the Finest Quality. Faculty composed of high grade teachers. Maintains following departments: . College, Senior High School, Extension, Correspon- dence, Music, Commerce, Home Economics, Founda- tion for Study of Prohibition and the Negro— both research and publicity phases. Offers abundant opportunity to students for train- ing in qualities of leadership. Excellent student personnel, fine College atmos- phere, wholesome student activities. Championship debating and athletic teams. Graduates admitted on approval to best universities. Diploma recognized in number of states. For further information, write the Dean or REGISTRAR. LIVINGSTONE COLLEGE An “A” Class College Founpep sy J. C. PRICE SALISBURY, N. C. co- EeOCAF ORAL RECENTLY RE-ORGA PRESENTS VERY STRONG FACULTY Offers the Fellowing Courses: THEOLOGICAL Hic ScHoo. IBERAL ARTs AND SCIENCES Domestic Arts AND SCIENCES Commerciar Music TEACHER TRAINING A Sood of Liberal Training with Distinct Religious Atmosphere All Athletics For Further Information Address W. J. TRENT, President James Edward Mason, Financial Secretary Florida Normal and Collegiate Institute ST. AUGUSTINE, FLORIDA (The Ancient City of Sunshine Land) Junior HicuH Senior HicH TEACHER TRAINING Junior CoLtece Courses Pre-MEDICAL AND VOCATIONAL CourRSEs For further information address NATHAN W. COLLIER, Pres. 104 Rust College GOING TO COLLEGE? Come to Rust College—Beautifully Located. Students from Fourteen States ee College of Liberal Arts, Standard Normal, Home Economics, Music, Junior and Senior High Schools. Efficient Faculty. New Equipment fer Laboratories, Enlarged Library. Rates Reasonable For further information write President L. M. McCoy Holly Springs Mississippi St. Paul Normal and Industrial School LAWRENCEVILLE, VA. NorMAL SCHOOL TRADE SCHOOL AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL HicH ScHoor Thorough Academic and Industrial Instruction; a High Christian and Meral Atmosphere, Seund Christian Character with Trained Hand and Head, are the objectives of education at St. Paul's. THE NORMAL AND FOUR YEAR HIGH SCHOOLS are fully accredited by the State Boards of Education of Virginia, North Carolina and other states. The High School is also ac- credited by Oberlin, Howard, Lincoln and other well known institutions of higher learning. THE TRADE SCHOOL offers an unexcelled standard trree-year course in sixteen trades for boys and four trades for girls, which fits them . ee efficient workers in the trades of their choice. THE AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL offers a Standard three-year course in practical theoretica) agriculture, poultry keeping, agrimony and animal husbandry, which fits a student to become a practical farmer or farm demonstrator. piagteeeries IN ALL DEPARTMENTS IS EE, and is given by an experienced faculty a capable, earnest men and women from some of the country’s best colleges and universities. Yale, Pennsylvania, Columbia, Cornell, Howard, Lin- coln, Fisk and Atlanta being among the institu- tions represented. A well equipped gymnasium =e for the prescribed course in physical edu- cation. THE SCHOOL HAS A STRONG ATHLETIC DEPARTMENT. Baseball, football, basket ball, tennis and track comprise its wr eens sports. It is a member of the C. I. A. Fortieth session opens orteneer, 1927. Rates are very reasonable. For Catalog and other in- formation, write the Principal: REV. JAMES S. RUSSELL, D.D. Lawrenceville, Va. BECOME A PHOTOGRAPHER! Work ~ BIG PAY ~ Learn Quickly Earn $50 to $250 W ployment Service. You are reading these advertisements. Why not let other persons read yours? "Write for Free Fascinating Mlustrated Book, Tells how you can become a suc- cessful Movie Photographer, Portrait, -~ Commercial and News Photographer. Learn in your spare time at home or at our New York studios—Free Em- NEW YORK INSTITUTE of PHOTOGRAPHY 10 West 33rd St., New York, Dept. 35 Allen University Columbia, S. C, A Co-Educational Institution Offering Courses in THE JUNIOR COLLEGE FOR TEACHERS ARTS AND SCIENCES THEOLOGY MUSIC COMMERCE HOME ECONOMICS TEACHER TRAINING A SPECIALTY DEGREES: A.B., B.D., Th.B., A.B. in Education Approved by the State of South Carolina. Aided by the Slater Fund and the General Education Board. Facilities increased this year. DAVID H. SIMS, President BISHOP JOHN HURST, Chairman Trustee Board WANTED EVERYWHERE Goed Auto Mechanics, Blacksmiths, Cooks, eae a Li ag oon Downingtown Industrial and Agricultural Schoo] DOWNINGTOWN, PA. (Under the Supervision of the Pennsyl- vania Department of Public Instruction.) SPECIALIZES in training good workers and good citizens and offers to boys and girls over thirteen years of age Healthy Climate Outside of City Faculty ef College-trained Teachers Junior and Senior High School Courses ee Supervised Athletic and Social Recreation For further information write J. H. N. WARING, JR. Principal Haven Ceachers College Teachers Celluge Conservatory of Music Senier High School Schoo! ef Business Junier High Seheol School ef Heme Economies Training School Accredited Summer School for Teachers Beautiful Park-like Campus Modern Conveniences Good O Department of Physteal” Education intra-mural and wapedtaten athletics Terms Reasonable For catalog or further information address J. Beverty F. SuHaw, President MERIDIAN, MISSISSIPPI That Gets a Crowd and Gets the Money A PLA Gives more laughs and puts more cash inte the Treasury than any Entertainment that a Church or Club can have. Everybody likes to attend the Slabtown District Convention It is a scream and at the same time it is Sense— Because it teaches a number of good lessons. GET IT AND GIVE IT—PRICE 500 Miss Nannie H. Burroughs Author and Publisher LINCOLN HEIGHTS WASHINGTON, D. C. Dear Reader: Is THE CRISIS among the peri- odicals in the Reading Room of your Public Library? If so, see that it is properly displayed. If not, put it there. Subscription $1.50 per year. THE Crisis offe: com hold of i Pos: gra _ @bree®eomst’n & Ma

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i i HARTSHORN MEMORIAL COLLEGE Richmond, Va. NOW—An Academy Eventually—A College for t he Separate Education of Young Women. This institution which has been set apart for the separate education of young women ever since its founding in 1883, will, in the immediate future, devote every energy upon grade, and, espe- cially, academic work only, since college work has been discontinued for the present. It is an accredited high school by the State of Virginia, and offers two courses: a General Course and a College Preparatory Course which will admit to any college. Hartshorn offers, besides its pure scholastic cur- riculum, a home influence where the development of Christian character is the fundamental purpose. Send for a catalogue to the President. DAVID G. MULLISON, Pres. RICHMOND, VA. THE CHEYNEY TRAINING SCHOOL FOR TEACHERS (A STATE NORMAL SCHOOL) CHEYNEY, PA. A PENNSYLVANIA State Normal School offering, in addition to the regular Normal Academic Course of two years, professional three year courses in Home Economics and Shop Work. A diploma from any of these courses makes a graduate eligible to teach in the public schools of Pennsylvania. For further information and catalog, write LESLIE PINCKNEY HILL, Principal CHEYNEY, PA. The Lincoln School for Nurses in the City of New York offers to young colored women having completed a four year high school and holding a diploma, a three years’ course of instruction in nursing. Capacity of hospital—420 -beds. Post Graduate Course of six months to graduates of accredited schools. For information apply to: Superintendent of Nurses MISS S. J. FORD Lincoln School for Nurses New York, N. Y. Burrell Memorial Hospital Training School for Nurses ROANOKE, VA. i ntiietioaneiniersepeemntamrmanel) State accredited. Three year course in general nursing. 50 bed hospital. Free tuition, board and room, text- books, uniforms; also monthly cash allowance. Ideal location, 1,000 feet above sea level. Only High School graduates admitted. ———“-(74¢@ Write to, Ethel M. Bigham, R. N. Supt. of Nurses March, 1928 Student Volunteer Movement (Continued from page 84) Frances Williams McLemore, Na- tional Student Secretary, Y. W. C. A. The convention discussed denomina- tionalism in the Mission fields and stood for eliminating them from all future endeavors. Equality of the races came in for heavy endorsement especially on the part of returned missionaries. This note was also in evidence as every non- white speaker or student expressed himself. White and Negro delegates from the following Southern States travel- led together in Pullman cars to and from Detroit: Virginia, North Caro- lina, South Carolina, Georgia, Flor- ida, Tennessee, Alabama and Texas. From all reports there was in all this fraternalism most helpful fellowships and contacts in Interracial Good-Will and understanding. The Browsing Reader (Continued from page 86) “A Mission of Love and Literacy”, in the January Graphic Survey. And then, step by step, she describes how, in 1862, the founders of this school, situated on St. Helena’s Island off the coast of South Carolina, surmounted formidable difficulties in demonstrat- ing that the most backward of the slaves would respond to teaching. In a log cabin, Penn was born—and with it the old spiritual I know I would like to read, Like to read, Like to read dat sweet story of ole, I would like to read, Like to read, Like to read dat sweet story of ole, I would like to read. In the February issue of the same magazine, Miss Cooley tells “How We Brought Farms to the School”. This is the story of the second “revolution” in the countryside round about the Penn School. Miss Cooley describes the shift from academic education to vocational training. Both articles are illustrated by crayons from life by Winold Reiss. “The Relations of White and Col- oured Races” by Albert Schwietzer in the Contemporary Review for January is one of the most unbiased statements of colonization we have read. Mr. Schwietzer says that the right of man to live where his life has been devel- oped, is menaced by colonization. The social, economic and political situation of primitive people changes when the white man arrives with his gun pow- der. Independence, Mr. Schwietzer says, is not lost when a new form of government is proclaimed; but it is lost in the commercial exploitation of Judson Douglas Wetmore Attorney at Law 1440 Broadway New York (Telephone Lackawanna 5494-5) Member of all courts of New York State and of the Supreme Court of the United States, will lend money on Ist, 2nd and 8rd mortgages. Real estate of all — bought, exchanged and sold. 1882 1927 LANE COLLEGE Jackson, Tennessee A GROWING College with a splendid his- tory and a bright future. It offers modern courses in Collegiate, Theological, Musical, College_ Preparatory, Teachers’ Training, Home Economics and Pre-Medical subjects. Proper standards of conduct as well as scholarship are maintained. Well equipped laboratories, dormitories with modern conveni- ences and facilities under positive Christian influences are supported. or further infor- mation address J. F. LANE, President, Jackson, Tennessee. CoLorED DoLLs AND NOVELTIES Pretty Light-Brown and Mulatto Dolls with Real Hu- man Hair Curls. They Sleep, Walk, Talk and Cry. Sizes 14 to 30 inches. 15 different styles. 100 other novelties. Free Catalog. 19 inches, $5.50 each, $42. doz. 23 inches, $7.50 each, $49. dez. 30 Inches, $11.98 each, $88. doz. AGENTS WANTED BETHEL MFG. CO. Dept. C. 91 South St. JAMAICA, N. Y. DEAR READER S there a CRISIS agent selling single copies in your community? If so will you help in- crease his sales? If there is no agent in your community can you recommend some reliable person or persons who could serve us in this capacity? Our terms to agents are liberal. Address: THE CRISIS. Stenographers Efficiently Trained We teach shorthand that one can read and trans- scribe; students are taught to manipulate type- writing machines by ‘‘touch’’ rapidly and accu- rately; business law is fascinating; and our book- keeping and filing system is unique. Spring term begins April 2, 1828. Write Edward T. Duncan, Principal, The Stenographers’ Institute, popularly known as Dunean’s Business School, 1227 S. 17th St., Philadelphia, Pa. Free Employment Service We help anybody—clerical, domestic or other- wise—free to employer and employe. THE FRANCIS E. W. HARPER GIRLS’ DORMITORIES 1424 Christian Street Philadelphia, Pa. Heme Privileges and Special Rates to Students and Professional Women. MISS JESSIE M. WATKINS, Supt. intense enim iat nn Caterina wnt sits nines inna a ER AN Np ie Sn mine angen Leet Ante CORREA ARI . ower Tb AES meno

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/HERE TO STOP THE CRISIS Directory of De- pendable and Clean Hotels. No hotel will be listed here which is not recommended by our friends. If complaints are re- ceived, the hotel will be denied further advertising space. COLUMBUS, OHIO The Plaza Hotel Modern conveniences, rates. We superior service and reasonable a to the ae public. Telephone, Adams 9378 LONG STREET AT HAMILTON AVENUE THE CRISIS proposes to feature and expand this column. Will our friends write us of their experience and recommend hotels in all leading cities? Itis the Duty of Human Beings s © to be attractive The EAST INDIA HAIR GROWER will help you by increas- ing the strength and natural health and beauty of your hair. IF your Hair is Dry and Wiry or if you are bothered with Falling Hair, Dandruff, Itching Scalp or any Hair Trouble, we want you to try a jar of EAST INDIA HAIR GROWER. The remedy contains medical properties that go to the roots of the Hair, stimu- late the skin, helping nature do its work. Leaves the hair soft and silky. Per- fumed with a balm of a thousand flow- ers. The best known remedy for Heavy and Beautiful Black Eye-Brows. Also restores Gray Hair to its Natural Color. Can be used with Hot Iron. PRICE SENT BY MAIL, 56c. iéc Extra for Postage Oll, 1 Face Cream end on for $2.00. 25c Extra for Postage S. D. LYONS 316 N. Central, Dept. B. OKLAHOMA CITY, OKLA. AGENTS oon 1 a Grower, 1 Temple Oil, 1 Sham- ; Ht ing, 106 Pictures of Distinguished Negroes Excellent phercarephe ll x 14, finished in black tone, large enough to be framed and placed on the walls of your school or home. Price $1.00 each. Small pictures of 100 distin- guished Price 10 dozen Negroes, prints, 34 x 4%. cents a piece, $1 , and $7.50 a Sealed, half-tone The Associated Publishers, Inc., 1538 Ninth St. N. W., Washington, D. C. which political colonization should be a corrective. Marcet Haldeman-Julius tells “What Negro Students Endure in Kansas” in the Haldeman-Julius Monthly for January. Negro stu- dents at Kansas University can not register for the last two years in the College of Medicine; they are discrim- inated against in the School of Fine Arts and in the Department of Physi- cal Education; they are barred from athletic competition; and no colored student at Teachers College can do practice teaching in the primary grades. Mrs. Haldeman-Julius makes a sin- cere plea for the abolishing of racial discrimination in the colleges of Kan- sas. “Abyssinia, Land of Babel” oon- tains within its boundaries more racial and religious elements than any sin- gle independent state in the world according to Kurt Lubinski in the Living Age for December 1. Per- haps the most amazing falsehood about that dusky empire which he voices is “the deep-seated prejudice against the Negro, paralleled in intensity only by that of the Southern part of the United States”! Shades of Ellis! American interference in Nicara- guan affairs is not only contemporary history according to V. H. Von Cra- mon in the same magazine for De- cember 15. In the Labour Monthly for Octo- ber, Clements Kadalie, National Sec- retary of the Industrial and Commer- cial Workers’ Union of South Africa, discusses “The Old and the New Africa”: the Africa of 400 years ago when a pastoral people with its own civilizations and primitive forms of government ruled the Dark Continent ; and the Africa of today when Euro- pean capitalism dictates African poli- cies. Mr. Kadalie says: “We are not fighting the white man as a white man; we are fighting for elementary political and human rights for our- selves and our children.” Eugene Gordon in the American Mercury for February discusses “The Negro’s Inhibitions” with that particu- lar sportiveness we have long ascribed to Mencken himself. Notwithstand- ing, Mr. Gordon states the case quite unadorned—how in the glare of pale- faced ridicule, dusky Americans have been laughed into curbing their in- dividual inclinations, preferences and predilections. After all, in America the standard is white—as in Africa it it is black. “Harlem Says ‘Bye Bye Honey’ to Florence Mills” by W. A. MacDonald in the Bookman for February is a re- print of the newspaper story which appeared in the Boston Evening Tran- script during November. Mr. Mac- Donald does not hand us the custom- ary “sob stuff” we have grown to ex- pect from a story of this kind; but with an Olympian gesture gives us a creation—the climax of a_ beautiful novel. feeling that Florence Mills has not danced her last dance—has not sung her last song; but that she is to be with us always—the scintillating spirit mascot of Negro Art. Marvet JACKSON. Color Line (Continued from page-93) @ The slave trade between Portu- guese Africa and the mines of South Africa, usually camoflaged under the title of Recruitment of Native Labor is threatened by the reluctance of the Portuguese Government to renew the old treaty. South Africa and English investors are very much upset. During the third quarter of 1927, 18,483 black laborers were taken from Moz- ambique to the Transvaal and 9,791 were re-patriated. @ Lieutenant General Tilkins has been made Governor General of the Belgian Congo to succeed Mr. Rutten, who has resigned. Tilkins has had a purely military education. @ The African group of Belgium has raised 264,000 francs to erect the Stan- ley Memorial at Boma. THE Crisis The story leaves us with the:

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