The Crisis 1928-01: Vol 35 Iss 1

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PNM PORE Rite te ee eae Dae eae em iia ee a nial ek eae oe ~ Qu oO VU a MY k= Zz fx 0 vw NEW YEARS, 1928

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We wish for policyholders and friends, during 1928 a happy and most prosperous year INSURANCE IS ONE THING |/ THAT CANNOT BE BOUGHT WHEN IT IS NEEDED Op a ow OO wee wee ene Swe oases eSCUOOuwee Home Office 525-7-9 N. 2nd St. Richmond, Va. * Most wants of the average person can be secured whenever there is need of such things. That is why so many people say or believe that if they have the money, they can get what they want, when they want it. But it is quite different with insurance protection. That is one need that will not come within the pur- view of the old adage, ‘We'll cross that bridge when we get to it”’. ame 0 Ooms it etm. r mats FT TaArTTM Aw NROwWwOFwp A Tmiarl No one can secure a fire insurance policy or coverage when a building is on fire. Neither can a ship owner cover his ship and cargo with marine insurance when the vessel is sinking on the deep. That is why all sensible people carry insurance at all times on their property and goods, and on the most valuable thing on the face of the earth, the human body. Ee Of course some people do wait until they find their health impaired, and then by stealth secure insurance protection; or by concealing their true age, when if the true age were known, no insurance could be secured. But such cases, though numerous, are no more honorable and right than if such persons put their hands into the pockets or tills of someone and extracted money that did not belong to them. The honorable and sensible thing to do is to secure insurance when in good, sound health, and carry it until the time of need. And the best kind of insur- ance to have in time of sickness, accident or death is the 3-in-1 Superior Policy, issued by the Southern Aid Society of Va., Inc. Send for your copy of the booklet that tells the whole story. en a SOUTHERN AID SOCIETY OF VIRGINIA, INC. Home Office: 525-7-9 N. 2nd St., Richmond, Va. Insures against Sickness, Accident and Death District Offices and Agencies throughout Virginia and District of Columbia

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eee ee ee ae ean me cee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee rPYaTrtyYyTwQYT. Another Barnard Service So that you may have the use of this volume while you are supplying missin ages, we have inserted stubs as no low. ( f a SF, tet AG 22 fige (/ “te \ L# r ef Wry. 7 Peary +i a 7 WHEN INSERTION IS MADE, TEAR OUT ALONG LINE OF PERFORATION F. J. Barnard & Co., Inc. Library Book Binders “Since 1821’’ Balkans where Italy has practically an- nexed Albania, Jugoslavia has em- braced France, and King Bratianu is dead in decaying Rumania.—England is in the throes with starving, unem- ployed miners, votes for flappers and big navy demands. Baldwin is still secure—It seems that science and Seligman have at last given Supreme Economic blessing to installment buy- ing after it had ceased to need it.— The mystic numbers, 14, 15 and 18, are making the heathen rage. How we can stop liquor selling and dis- franchise Negroes by the same consti- tution is being explained by the trans- parent Glass of Virginia—To your When they are obtained, you may send them to us, if you wish, together with the bound volume and they will be promptly inserted without charge. Stubs have been inserted in place of the following pages which are missing: 27s 3837 on... 14 These pages, from which large jeces have been torn, have been piec Vhole No. 207 Page soe C, cies 3 ~wolead 4 UARD 5 » aes 8 37/ , Business Manager 37 out: ss is upon us are tearfully on $25,000 satre_ tickets. vant.—Egypt capitulations | and Ameri- nn please in Lulai Yousaef mulatto son Mutat Wiohammea, 10, reigns in Mo- rocco, as far as the French allow.— The death of Tiger Flowers will tem- porarily stop the game of cheating Negro pugilists. His white manager is claiming all the assets—War rages in rotten borough Colorado between the state and the miners to keep up a reasonable supply of Rolls-Royce cars in New York.—New York and New England are still trying to laugh at Mayor Thompson. ‘There is less laughing in the Mississippi valley.— The struggle is still on in China. In spite of the white world Chang will leave Pekin yet.—Big Business is fighting in Manchuria against every- ees Darker Races Aaron Dovuctas, Art Critie ee, EXT month we have “An Unsung Hero” of the World War; another prize story; and more and startling Red Cross and the flood; illustrations and revelations of the news. Be sure your subscrip- tion is renewed. Of course, a third prize cover. \ ey” body and everything.—Russian oil is flowing into France and Spain and Deterding is so mad that England sees revolution in Ukraine.—Sinclair is living in a first class Washington hotel. Fall is on his ranch and there are three million dollars still missing.— England has convinced the world that it would be unfair, you know, to put Indians on a committee to investigate home-rule in IJndia—The political parties are threatened with heart fail- ure due to running from the Prohibi- tion issue——Shall we have a ship sub- sidy or not and if we do who will get it, the meat trust or the farmers ?— Turkey and the United States are on speaking terms although Mr. Gerard is hopping mad.—Mr. Blease is advis- ing secession unless the South can dic- tate the Democratic convention. Splen- did !—Presidential candidates are blos- soming too early. There is danger from winter frosts.—Universal suffrage dis- appears from Italy. It has long been unpopular in the United States—The debt servitude planned for Germany at Versailles is near the breaking point.—Can the Senate exclude Vare and Smith? ©, yes and twenty-two Southern senators if it wishes. The Crisis is published monthly and copyrighted by the National As- . ? at Pep le at’ 69 Fifth Avenue, sociation for the Advancement o New York, N. Y. 15 cents a copy, $1.50 a year. January, 1928 oreign subscriptions $1.75. The date of expiration of each subscription is printed on the wrapper. When the subscription is due a blue renewal blank is enclosed. The address of a subscriber may be changed as often as desired, but both the 1d and new address must be given and two weeks’ notice is neces. , scripts and drawings relating to colored be accompanied by return postage and while THe Crisis uses every care # assumes no responsibility for their safety im transit. Entered as second class matter November 2, 1910, at the post office at New York, N. Y. under the act of March 3, 1879. Manu- eople are desired. hey must ~ 3 “ ,. eagreenepnanann snare veenerOa ETE sen nce

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We wish for policyhold a happy and n INSURA THAT WH Home Office 525-7-9 N. 2nd St. Richmond, Va. Most wants of the average pers such things. That is why so many money, they can get what they wan with insurance protection. That is view of the old adage, “We'll cro: No one can secure a fire insura fire. Neither can a ship owner cov: when the vessel is sinking on the d: insurance at all times on their prof thing on the face of the earth, the Of course some people do wait | then by stealth secure insurance p1 when if the true age were known, n though numerous, are no more ho their hands into the pockets or tills belong to them. The honorable and sensible thin, -. wv .. .v ee sound health, and carry it until the time of need. And the best kind of insur- ance to have in time of sickness, accident or death is the 3-in-1 Superior Policy, issued by the Southern Aid Society of Va., Inc. Send for your copy of the booklet that tells the whole story. SOUTHERN AID SOCIETY OF VIRGINIA, INC. Home Office: 525-7-9 N. 2nd St., Richmond, Va. Insures against Sickness, Accident and Death District Offices and Agencies throughout Virginia and District of Columbia

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' ' - THE “CRS15 A Record of the Darker Races W. E. BurcHarpt Du Bors, Editor Aucustus GRANVILLE DiLL, Business Manager Aaron Dovuctas, Art Critie Volume ss,Ne. Contents for January, 1928 Wil No. 2 Page COVER. Second Prize Drawing. Negro Womanhood. By Roscoe C. Wright. ee TO ck es BR iwiea oe teks wi the KA ETRE s bo 0 eeetun 3 FRONTISPIECE. Madame Lillian Evanti as Lakme ............... 4 THE FLOOD, THE RED CROSS, AND THE NATIONAL GUARD 5. THE LITTLE PAGE. Illustrated. Effie Lee Newsome ........... 8 THE PURPLE FLOWER. First Prize Play, 1927. By Marita O. Bonner 9 THE N. A. A. C. P. BATTLE FRONT. Illustrated ............... 12 THE POET’S CORNER. Poems by Jessie Fauset, J. E. McCall, Mar- jorie Marshall, Fenton Johnson and Blanche Taylor Dickenscn ... 14 ALONG THE COLOR LINE. Iilustrated ..... Se ere 15 FI ee ts REAR ois. Sie cccls se Fun bata ele és eens 20 TE ee ONG, TUBETRGI 6 ois 0 niiin ic hace decreieeweee nds 21 POSTSCRIPT. Illustrated. W. E. B. DuBois ..................... 23 EACE is the world cry. Cecil in England has told how naval reduc- tion was defeated. Briand in France, Borah and Capper in the United States, ask outlawing of war. Mean- time Europe alone has fifteen million soldiers.—Russia is the only nation at the Disarmament Conference that openly demands Peace. She is there- fore under deep suspicion.—War looms: in Lithuania which Pilsudski, the swashbuckler of Poland, was about to seize when Germany and Russia tapped him on his epaulettes; in the Balkans where Italy has practically an- nexed Albania, Jugoslavia has em- braced France, and King Bratianu is dead in decaying Rumania.—England is in the throes with starving, unem- ployed miners, votes for flappers and big navy demands. Baldwin is still secure—It seems that science and Seligman have at last given Supreme Economic blessing to installment buy- ing after it had ceased to need it.— The mystic numbers, 14, 15 and 18, are making the heathen rage. How we can stop liquor selling and dis- franchise Negroes by the same consti- tution is being explained by the trans- parent Glass of Virginia—To your Ga As the Crow Flies oa sug tents, O Israel! Congress is ypon us and the poor millionaires are tearfully demanding tax reduction on $25,000 incomes but not on theatre tickets. Farms and flood may want.—Egypt is against writhing under capitulations which enable Englishmen and Ameri- cans to do as they damn please in Cairo.—Colored Sultan Mulai Yousaef is dead and his third mulatto son Mulai Mohammed, 18, reigns in Mo- rocco, as far as the French allow.— The death of Tiger Flowers will tem- porarily stop the game of cheating Negro pugilists. His white manager is claiming all the assets—War rages in rotten borough Colorado between the state and the miners to keep up a reasonable supply of Rolls-Royce cars in New York.—New York and New England are still trying to laugh at Mayor Thompson. ‘There is less laughing in the Mississippi valley.— The struggle is still on in China. In spite of the white world Chang will leave Pekin yet.—Big Business is fighting in Manchuria against every- The Crisis is published monthly and copreineet by the National As- ; Colored People at 69 Fifth Avenue, oreign subscriptions $1.75. P printed on the wrapper. When the subscription is due a blue renewal blank is enclosed. The address of a subscriber may be changed as often as desired, but both the ld and sociation for the Advancement o New York, N. Y. 15 cents a copy, $1.50 a year. The date of expiration of each subscription is January, 1928 | i ee me EXT month we have “An Unsung Hero” of the World War; another prize story; and more and startling revelations of the Red Cross and the flood; illustrations and news. Be sure your subscrip- tion is renewed. Of course, a third prize cover. body and everything.—Russian oil is flowing into France and Spain and Deterding is so mad that England sees revolution in Ukraine.—Sinclair is living in a first class Washington hotel. Fall is on his ranch and there are three million dollars still missing. — England has convinced the world that it would be unfair, you know, to put Indians on a committee to investigate home-rule in India—The political parties are threatened with heart fail- ure due to running from the Prohibi- tion issue-—Shall we have a ship sub- sidy or not and if we do who will get it, the meat trust or the farmers?— Turkey and the United States are on speaking terms although Mr. Gerard is hopping mad.—Mrr. Blease is advis- ing secession unless the South can dic- tate the Democratic convention. Splen- did !—Presidential candidates are blos- soming too early. There is danger from winter frosts—Universal suffrage dis- appears from Italy. It has long been unpopular in the United States.—The debt servitude planned for Germany at Versailles is near the breaking point.—Can the Senate exclude Vare and Smith? O, yes and twenty-two Southern senators if it wishes. new address must be given and two weeks’ notice is neces. . Manw- scripts and drawings relating to colored gee le are desired. 7 be accompanied by return postage and while assumes no responsibility for their safety im transit. class matter November 2, 1910, at the post office at New York, N. Y., under the act of March 3, 1879. hey must HE Crisis uses every care it it. Entered as second 3

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7 =< le ee Madame Lillian Evanti as Lakme THE Crisis

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CRISIS HERE were four refugee camps at Vicksburg: Camp Hayes, Camp Juarez, Camp Louisiana and Camp Fort Hill. The lovely hills of the National Park, where once the Confederate and Union armies were camped, made an ideal location high above the muddy River and: the little town of Vicksburg. In Camp Hayes a spreading mag- nolia tree opened its waxy blossoms over the Red Cross Headquarters tent, on the top of the hill. On either side in regular rows stretched the brown tents sheltering twelve hundred white refugees: one family to a tent; a cot to each member of the family; and as many blankets as necessary. While among them were a few owners and occasional small merchants or me- chanics, the majority of these refugees were tenant-farmers or share-croppers on large plantations, in a state of per- petual indebtedness to the planter. Being white they had recourse to law to defend themselves and were ac- corded a certain consideration and re- spect. Economically they were little or no better off than the Negroes on the same plantations, which increased their race hatred, as well as their re- sentment toward the planters. “They treat us like niggers”, they remarked bitterly, indicating the lowest inhu- manity. Many of them were sturdy, hard working citizens, struggling to get ahead enough to buy their few acres. ‘Those who were already own- ers were burdened by heavy mort- gages. Among them were some who were known in their local communi- ties as desperadoes, bragging of the number of murders they had com- mitted. “I killed five before break- fast once,” one of these drawled. “Didn’t hurt my appetite none.” Yes, he was acquitted —the jury valued their own lives. Side by side with these were the tents of pious members of the Church of Christ, who held religious meetings in a tent on the hill every afternoon and evening for nearly three months. These added much to the enjoyment of these refugees. ‘I love this place,” one of them said; “it’s just like a camp-meeting.” About two miles from Camp Hayes on another hill in the same great park, was the colored camp Louisiana, six thousand strong, several families to a tent, cots only for the aged and ill, but as many brown army blankets as needed. Camp Juarez, where four hundred Mexicans found safety, was January, 1928 og. The Flood, the Red Cross and the National Guard First Installment of an Inves- tigation Made by the N. Aa ae P. May, 1927 es ———__ ppf. located at the foot of a hill, just be- low the National Cemetery, in a con- venient rustic pavilion, large enough for the whole camp. Camp Fort Hill numbered at least six thousand col- ored refugees, and commanded on one side a view of the River, with tree tops rising from it at intervals, on the other the roofs of the town. In this camp eight or nine families to a tent were common and cots were few. The most impressive thing about these camps was the incredible melan- choly of the colored refugees. There was no laughter, no music, no Negro light-heartedness. They sat in silent apathy, or talked in low tones. They had come from scenes of horror, many of them, greater than any white refu- gees knew, as the helplessness of the Negro in Mississippi exceeds anything known to whites. One woman stood all night waist-deep in rising water. A few rods away, but out of sight, her husband screamed for help. He could not be reached. After a while his screams stopped. In the morning there was no sign of him. Two young ‘irls went to the Red Cross tent day after day to ask for news of their brother who had been taken to work on the levee at Greenville. At last the news came: he had been found drowned near the levee. The girls turned without a word and went in silence to their own tent, tears stream- ing down their faces. There was no sound of mourning, no lamentation in the camp. The calamity of all was too great for that easy expres- sion. HE refugee camps were maintained by the American National Red Cross. That is, theRed Cross furnished the supplies, paid the bills and decided all matters of policy. The Red Cross nurses and doctors held a daily clinic. One or two Red Cross workers sta- tioned in each camp attended to such matters as registering refugees, issu- ing passes to leave camp, giving out clothing, blankets, etc., and arranging transportation for refugees leaving to return home. The last item was the most difficult, especially in the colored camps. In the white camps ‘trans- portation on the river boats was issued io individual refugees at their request. All that was necessary was for the refugee to establish the fact that he had a place to live—that his house was out of the water or that friends or relatives on dry land would take him in. Passes were even issued fre- quently to men with families to go to their homes in order to find out what conditions were and get their places in order before returning to camp and taking their families back with them. Sometimes they found conditions so hopeless that they re- turned to camp immediately and waited a few weeks then went back on another scouting trip. But where- as the transportation issued to white refugees, whether owners or share- croppers, was on an individual basis, with the Negroes the situation was quite different. A very large propor- tion of the colored refugees were from the big cotton plantations of Wash- ington County, one hundred and fifty miles and more from single plantations. In this case the planter sent or brought in a list of the names of “his niggers” and transportation for them was given to him. These Negroes were given no choice in the matter. When the planter came to take them home with them, home they went. The only way to avoid this was by slipping out of camp at night and taking refuge with colored people in Vicksburg. This they frequently did, as is shown by the fact that, after the camps were closed, the files showed over 3,000 Ne- groes “registered but not in camp”. Probably the number of “runaways” was much larger, as many of those actually in camp were never registered and their escape was relatively easy. By far the majority of the Negroes were share-croppers, held in perpetual peonage by the planter. The system is to advance credit at the plantation Store, the amount of indebtedness to be subtracted from the amount due the tenant when the crop is in. The crop is never large enough to cancel the indebtedness which increases year by year. By Mississippi law, how- ever, any disaster such as a flood which destroys the crop automatically can- cels the indebtedness of the tenant to the landlord, so that the planter has no legal right to hold the tenant. Probably most of the tenants do not know of this fact. The objection they had to returning to the home planta- tion was made clear when the Red Cross announced that on a definite 5

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date in June the colored camp would be evacuated, all refugees to be re- turned to the plantations from which they came. That night the colored refugees took to the hills like fright- ened rabbits, and, in spite of the best efforts of the National Guard, many of them got safely away. T should be understood that the enforced return of refugees to the planters against the will of the former was not according to the official Red Cross policy and, as has been stated, was not done in the case of white refugees. Official instructions defi- nitely stated that no refugee was to be forced to return to a planter. How- ever, transportation was only furnished to their homes—that is, to the place where they were living at the time of the flood. After the planter had sent for “his people” the refugees were notified and told to be ready to go on a definite date. If they protested they were asked what alternative plan they could suggest. Usually they had none, or a vague plan to go to some rela- tives. This was allowed only if they could show letters from the relatives stating that they were able to receive and care for them for am indefinite period. Needless to say, very few of them cotld produce such letters. The refugee was next told that the Red Cross would not furnish maintenance for him after it was possible for him to return home. Neither would he be allowed to leave camp without a definite destination approved by the Red Cross. If he still remained in camp, as he well knew, he would be “in bad” with the Red Cross and sub- ject to special abuse by the National Guard. The result was that he ended by expressing his willingness to zo with his planter; or else ran away from camp at night. The Red Cross defense is that they did not create the social conditions in the South and it is not their function to reform them. All they can be ex- pected to do is to relieve temporary suffering due to the disaster and leave the victim in the same position in which he was when the flood came. Any- thing more than this is not only con- sidered beyond the scope of the or-- ganization but is held by most Red Cross workers as definitely bad work, almost amounting to mis-use of funds. Anyone familiar with this work has frequently heard the words, “Why, he is better off than he was before the disaster”, in a tone of horror that in- dicated more than the words just how reprehensible this was. It does not occur to the average Red Cross worker, apparently, that it is impossible to keep hands off from existing social in- stitutions. They must, whether they wish or not, either strengthen or weaken them. Like many family wel- 6 fare agencies, their instinctive stand is made with the strong, the power- ful, rather than on the side of the weak. Cooperating with the Red Cross were many agencies, the important one in the camps being the National Guard. Their work was to maintain order and sanitation, to police the camps and supervise the actual labor which, except in Camp Hayes, was done by the refugees. In the white camp the kitchen work and rougher tasks were done by Negroes from Camp Louisi- ana. They were unpaid with the ex- ception of three men who were given fifty cents a day. The Guardsmen assigned all work to refugees at their own discretion and forced them to do it, by any means they saw fit. They also did sentry duty—no one was al- lowed to enter or leave camp without a pass. They had, in addition, to load the trucks with conscripted Ne- gro labor which was sent out each morning to local enterprises in need of labor. At first this labor was un- paid but on May tenth an order was issued by General Green requiring all agencies desiring labor details from the refugee camps to submit their re- quest twelve hours before the labor was desired, stating the number of Negroes wanted, the time when they were wanted, the time they would be returned to camp, and the rate of pay. After that date the men were paid from a dollar and a quarter to a dol- lar and a half a day for a ten hour day. They were rounded up early each morning by the Guardsmen as- signed to that task. Only a certifi- cate from the doctor stating that a man was too ill to work excused him. Such a certificate could be obtained by going to the clinic, which was held at ten o'clock each morning, for ex- amination by the physician. By ten o'clock practically all the men in camp had gone to work. Those who were on the night shift were able to attend the clinic by sacrificing their sleep. Only the two colored nurses to whom they went for medicine knew the num- ber of men who went to work each morning with temperatures as high as 104 degrees, or gripped by a malarial chill. At the Refuge Ware House, which employed the largest detail. of conscripted labor, they were put at the heaviest Lind of work and were bru- tally ill-treated. “It ain’t the work,” said one of these refugees, “we’s will- ing to work. It’s the kickin’ and cursin’ makes it so hard.” NE of the hardest tasks of the Guard was that of getting out the labor detail night and morning. In spite of the fact that those who re- mained in camp were put at work there, cleaning up, putting up or tak- ing down tents, filling in trenches, etc., and that they were paid for outside work, it was increasingly difficult to get the required number. Force had to be resorted to. As the guardsmen were of course armed with guns and pistols which they showed entire will- ingness to use it should have been com- paratively simple, but on numerous oc- casions Negroes were taken down the hill and beaten into submission before they could be loaded on the truck and sent to their day’s labor. Reports of these beatings were made to General Green by colored citizens in Vicks- burg, resulting in the following order to the Captain in charge at Camp Fort Hill: HEADQUARTERS, RELIEF ExPEDITION, MisstssipP! NATIONAL GUARD. Office of the Commanding General, Vicksburg, Miss. : May 23rd, 1927. Subject: Whipping of Refugees. To : Captain F. L. Wright, 106th Eng., Camp Fort Hill. 1. Report reaching these Headquarters by Attorney Ewing (col.) and Dr. Pen- son (col.), as follows: L. R. Ruben, Camp Fort Hill, whipped last week; Sheffield Collins, reported whipped on the 19th of May; 25 men whipped on May 20th. Witnesses, Wess Edwards, Mary Cortney, Gertis Simpson, Yerger Cortney, James Loston. Another report, one woman whipped last week, taken to hospital, required seven stitches in her head. 2. You will make an immediate in- vestigation of the above cases and report in writing to this office the results of your investigation. For the Commanding General: G. B. Eccerr, Lieut. Col., 155th Inf., Chief of Staff. In compliance with this order Cap- tain Wright “investigated” the mat- ter. His report to the General is as follows: HEADQUARTERS RELIEF EXPEDITION Mississippt NATIONAL GUARD Office of the Commanding General, Vicksburg, Miss. May 30, 1927. Subject: Reported Whipping of Refu- gees in Camp Fort Hill. To : The Commanding General, Vicksburg, Miss. 1. I have investigated the above mat- ter and find that on Friday morning, May 21st, 1927, it having been previously reported that refugees were leaving camp early in the morning in order to avoid being called on the different details neces- sary about the camp, the enlisted men in charge of details on this morning sent some men out beyond the guard posts for the purpose of catching any refugees leaving without authority, or a pass. On this particular morning they caught in the neighborhood of 25 negro men slip- ping out of camp; some of the negroes say that they counted 21 in the bunch. I have interviewed some of these negroes and attach hereto their statements, taken on last Monday. Some of the others I THe Crisis a of oe & tae

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f a FY CP have talked to but at the time they were just leaving on the truck with a detail of laborers and I could not reduce their statements to writing and have them sign them. Each of the negroes, however, made practically the same statement. 2. It would appear from what the negroes say about the matter, that they were slipping out of camp; some admit for the purpose of avoiding the labor details and the work. to be done about the camp, and some offering excuses as to why they were leaving through the bushes at 4:30 A. M. It is my opinion, from what the negroes say, that they were caught slipping out of camp, and were taken under the hill and whipped, the men using a strap taken off of one of the rifles. 3. It must be admitted, of course, that such measures should not be used by the soldiers, and it is my opinion that no such thing will ever occur again, and that had the men taken the time to con- sider, it would not have happened on this occasion, but if one is familiar with conditions, and considers for a moment what an undertaking it is for thirty odd soldiers to handle some five thousand people, then the enormity of the crime must be diminished, for under all condi- tions some means of discipline must be provided. No guns were drawn or held on the negroes, and no force was used to intimidate them, or force them to sub- mit to the whipping. It was adminis- tered simply as a means of breaking up the practice of leaving camp without passes, and without any criminal intent. 4. None of the negroes reported the matter, and each of them state that they desire to prefer no charges, but desire that the matter be dropped. STATEMENT OF JOHN BUTLER, Greenville, Miss. On last Friday morning about 8 o’clock ] was going down the Hill to Quarter Boat to get some clothes. I met some soldiers and they caught us and carried us up there and whipped us with a gun strap. I had been on night duty and was relieved when caught. I have not complained to any person about the affair. I did not have a pass to go out of camp and I was not going by the regular road. The morning after this affair an- other negro was severely beaten. The refugee was from another camp and protested against being sent to work by officers not in charge of his own camp. The matter being reported an investigation was ordered, which re- sulted in these statements made by the Captain, the Sergeant who adminis- tered the beating and the Negro girl who witnessed the alteration: Investigation reveals that around 5:22 A. M., May 22, 1927, that the men get- ting out the morning labor detail found the said negro at a refugee negro girl’s tent in area I. The negro was appar- ently a Ft. Hill refugee attempting to keep from going out to work. He said to Sergeant Hamlin and to negro girl that he wasn’t going out to work, that January, 1928 he didn’t have to work. He was told tc get on the truck. He finally gave so much sass and bray talk before the other laborers that he was taken over in the ravine and given a lashing. This information was obtained from the negro girl and from Sergeant Ham- lin. W. K. McWIttiams, Capt., 106th Engrs. HE use of violence on the part of guardsmen toward Negro refugees was thoroughly established in the early days of the disaster. The work on the Vicksburg levee was entirely the enforced labor of Negro refugees, su- perintended by armed guardsmen. This was done by order of General Green, the labor to be brought from the colored refugee camps. There were many thousands of refugees in the town of Vicksburg who did not go into the camps. The entire colored population of the town lent their homes to the utmost capacitv for the use of refugees, so that the tiniest cabin was filled to over-flowing. As long as these people were able to maintain themselves it -was difficult to obtain their free labor However, a way to do so was found. A cafeteria was maintained for the purpose of feeding the Negro labot brought from camp. Other refugees were not to be allowed to enter. In practice the soldier in charge allowed the town refugees to enter and be fed, then, as they were about to leave, they were seized and forced to join the la- bor detail. In at least one instance this practice led to shooting the refu- gee who objected to being coerced. The official report of this shooting is as follows: HEADQUARTERS, RELIEF ExPEDITION, Mississtpp1 NATIONAL GUARD. Vicksburg, Miss. May 3, 1927. Mayor W. J. Hosley, Vicksburg, Miss. Dear Sir: In re: Shooting of Dunbar, a negro flood refugee. This shooting occurred on May Ist, 1927, near A. & V. freight office. Dunbar was shot in the stomach and arm but has good chances for recovery. He was shot by Private Herbert K. Moore, 122nd Motor Transport Corps. Private Moore reported to Police Headquarters and was released on bond. Dunbar was sent to a hospital immediately after being shot. Private Moore was forced to shoot Dunbar to save his own life. Dunbar attacked him with a tent pin, struck him a severe blow across the face and attempted to take his pistol, threatening to take Private Moore’s life all the time. Private Moore took only such action as was necessary to protect his own life. The facts of this affair have been given to Judge W. W. Ramsey, Police Justice, in detail. As soon as it is de- termined whether Dunbar will recover private Moore will be arraigned before Judge Ramsey on a proper charge so that there may be a judicial determina- tion of his guilt or innocence. Of course, this can not be done until it is certain that Dunbar will recover or until he dies. Judge Ramsey agrees that Private Moore should be allowed to continue at large under bond already given until time for his trial. Very respectfully yours, Captain, J. A. G. It will be noticed that the only man interviewed “in this “investigation” was Private Moore. At the time this report was made, although the’ Cap- tain does not state this, it was uncer- tain that Dunbar would recover. In case he did not this left nothing to contradict the self-defense story; while if he did recover no serious charge would be brought. T is doubtful whether a self-defense plea would have served in the case of Matilda Heslip, a colored wo- man at Camp Fort Hill, had she shot the soldier who struck her with a stick the exact size of the one with which Dunbar struck the guardsman. Her offense was the unforgivable one of impudence. It happened that a sol- dier was leaving on the noon train and he told Matilda Heslip to wash and iron his clothes before he went. She objected that it would be impos- sible to get the garments dried and ironed in that time. The man ordered her to dry them in the kitchen before the stove. Her attempt to do this led to a row with the kitchen forces. The sergeant was sent for to settle the dispute. The testimony follows: On May 12, about 11 A. M., at Fort Hill, a negro woman named Matilda Heslip was raising a disturbance in the kitchen and the negroes working there could not quiet her. Sergeant McIntyre of “C” 106th Engrs. was sent for by the kitchen force to quiet the fuss. He found upon entering that the woman had washed some clothes and was trying to dry them before the stove. This oc- curred at the time when it was necessary to have room for the preparation of the noon meal. The woman had been asked to move by the kitchen force but would pay no attention to them. Sergeant Mc- Intyre ordered her to move and she re- tused. He left to get a cot stick with which to protect himself if it became necessary when the woman ran, leaving the clothes scattered about the kitchen. Sergeant McIntyre ordered her to return and get the clothes. She refused and also advised him that no one could make her do it. Her language was so insulting and impudent that it was necessary to use force in order to preserve discipline among the colored refugees so necessary to a successful handling of these camps. The woman was struck about the arm with a cot stick and she was also hit on the head. It was necessary to take three stitches (Turn to page 26) 7 4 U

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eT | ITC The Little Page Calendar Chat O me as a child “J” seemed an unsociable letter that turned its back upon the rest of the alphabet. And “J” begins Janus, as the ancients called the two-faced god believed to guard the beginning and the end of affairs. January was named for him. A good name for the first month of the year! And people are really wise to make resolutions at the opening of January, if only they would abide by the plans laid out! I used to begin the first diary entry with remarkable promises for the fu- ture. But the year’s record would close rather thin with accounts of ful- fillment by telling of a hardy bit of green found gleaming under Decem- ber ice. For there is something in- teresting in discovering the little tufts that will not die—catnip and bits of mullein and wild strawberry—these live on with hosts of other plants and animals that bravely wait for spring. WONDER if winter is bitter to them. How joyous the cold days seemed in my childhood! We used to ride in sleighs to school. The run- ners would whistle gaily over the com- pact snow, the bells would jingle as the horses hurried on, their beards hung with little icicles, their nostrils steaming. At the end of the rides the horses would be in a perspiration be- cause of the heavier fur of their win- ter coats, and one would have to blanket them that they might not catch cold. Sometimes boys afoot would fasten their sleds to the sleighs and be whirled merrily onward too. The winter months were short to us as children, short and so jolly. We could realize the delight of crying, “A Happy New Year”! Old Commodore Quiver LD Commodore Quiver Went down to the river, Old Commodore Quiver of Gaul. He sailed from the shore, But what he went for He hadn’t a notion at all, No, hadn’t one notion at all. The Wish Fleet MY Wishing Ships shall hoist their sails, And journey out to Dreams Come True, And trading off their cargo there, They'll bear Fulfillment on to you. 8 EFFIE LEE NEWSOME i] oo ; ewe To Make a Butterfly T swings from a little tree, heigh-ho! It swings from a bough where wet winds blow, Yet I’ve this belief, The little brown leaf Is keeping some worm dry To make a butterfly! Snipper NIPPER was nothing in the world but one particular blast of north wind so I see no need of writing para- graph upon paragraph about Snipper. I shall tell it quite briefly. He came down from the north every fall, and got after overcoats and any scattered leaves that were not too damp to be blown. He also delighted in dislodging hats, violently. William Randolph was going to a party and Snipper took off the poor boy’s cap. Hat removing as we stated was no new prank for Snipper, but in the case of William Randolph’s hat there was something rather remarkable. The boy chased and Snipper pur- sued it all the more desperately, till the little plaid bit of head gear was lost to view. This is the unusual fea- ture in my story, since people gener- ally recover wind-chased property, though they cannot always use it again. But William Randolph’s hat was completely gone and on New Year’s Day as he journeyed to a party. Now! ILLIAM RANDOLPH chased his hat from the candy shop threshold to a hedge where he hoped it might get caught, but the hat went over the hedge. And when William had entered through a gate and got- ten to the other side of the privet clumps he found no hat. Violet was at the New Year party too, Violet with the marvelous black curls. Surely she was smiling at some one now. But William Randolph could not find his hat. It is painful to write of the joy that Snipper was having over William’s trouble. He raced gaily on, driving forward some people, beating others boldly in the face, rioting, shaking halt open doors, finding strange bits of . paper and trash. In joy he tore through the village streets to a great old deserted barn back of an empty © cottage. He jerked the door wide open and rushed in. The lonesome old barn let its rusty hinges draw the door back to the posi- tion that it had held for years and then—Snipper was a prisoner at last. The solitary barn was glad to have excitement within it. First the horses went, then the grain and the hay and the fodder and even the mice and sparrows followed the grain away. How fortunate that a bold lively gale had come rushing in to spend the New ‘ear afternoon! Yes, the old barn would keep Snipper there as long as possible. HEN the heavy door had banged something had rushed in wild alarm from behind the barn, a dog, the same dog that had laid on the other side of the hedge as William Randolph’s hat landed there, and had hurried with it to a hiding place. If there had been snow on the ground William might have traced the dog, Swift. But the snow did not fall till midnight. However William had no need to chase Swift in the end, for the dog ran straight from behind the barn into his pursuer’s path as William was starting homeward, discouraged. And back to Snipper, that boister- ous blast of the great North Wind. The North Wind discovered the skies clouding and hastened back homeward with all his puffs and gales except Snipper. The air became still and down fell the velvety flakes of snow. Snipper perished in the closed barn while William Randolph hurricd on to the New Year party and met Violet there. THE CriIsISs rnrmemee: : Se: ree ACE PE FR onc tn a ee thins maven orth LER a ee as.) al ele” iia ii

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_— oO oe See Oe OT & The Purple Flower A Prize Play by MARITA O. BONNER Time: The Middle-of-Things-as- They-are. (Which means the End- of-Things for some of the characters and the Beginning-of-Things for others. ) Place: Might be here, there or any- where—or even nowhere. Characters: Sundry White Devils. (They must be artful little things with soft wide eyes such as you would ex- pect to find in an angel. Soft hair that flops around their horns. Their horns glow red all the time—now with blood —now with eternal fire—now with deceit—now with unholy desire. They have bones tied carefully across their tails to make them seem less like tails and more like mere decorations. They are artful little things full of artful movements and artful tricks. They are artful dancers too. You are amazed at their adroitness. Their steps are intricate. You almost lose your head following them. Sometimes they dance as if they were men—with dignity—erect. Sometimes they dance as if they were snakes. They are art- ful dancers on the Thin-Skin-of- Civilization. The Us’s: They can be as white as the White Devils, as brown as the earth, as black as the center of a poppy. They may look as if they were some- thing or nothing. Setting: The stage is divided hori- zontally into two sections, upper and lower, by a thin board. The main action takes place on the upper stage. The light is never quite clear on the lower stage; but it is bright enough for you to perceive that sometimes the ac- tion that takes place on the upper stage is duplicated on the lower. Sometimes the actors on the upper stage get too vociferous — too violent—and_ they crack through the boards and they lie twisted and curled in mounds. There are any number of mounds there, all twisted and broken. You look at them and you are not quite sure whether you see something or nothing; but you see by a curve that there might lie a human body. There is thrust out a white hand—a yellow one—one brown —a black. The Skin-of-Civilization must be very thin. A thought can drop you through it. Scene: An open plain. It is bounded distantly on one side by No- where and faced by a high hill— Somewhere. Argument: The White Devils live on the side of the hill, Somewhere. On top of the hill grows the purple Flower-of-Life-At-Its-Fullest. This flower is as tall as a pine and stands January, 1928 ou. wide A Phantasy That Had Best Be Read ou >> alone on top of the hill. The Us’s live in the valley that lies between No- where and Somewhere and spend their time trying to devise means of getting up the hill. The White Devils live all over the sides of the hill and try every trick, known and unknown, to keep the Us’s from getting to the hill. For if the Us’s get up the hill, the Flower- of-Life-at-Its-Fullest will shed some of its perfume and then and there they will be Somewhere with the White Devils. The Us’s started out by merely asking permission to go up. They tilled the valley, they cultivated it and made it as beautiful as it is. They built roads and houses even for the White Devils. They let them build the houses and then they were knocked back down into the valley. Scene: When the curtain rises, the evening sun is shining bravely on the valley and hillside alike. The Us’s are having a siesta beside a brook that runs down the Middle of the valley. As usual they rest with their backs toward Nowhere and their faces toward Somewhere. The White Devils are seen in the distance on the hillside. As you see them, a song is borne faintly to your ears from the hillside. The White Devils are saying: “You stay where you are! We don’t want you up here! If you come you'll be on par With all we hold dear. So stay—stay—stay— Yes stay where you are!” The song rolls full across the val- ley. A little runty Us: “Hear that, don’t you?” Another Us (lolling over on his back and chewing a piece of grass): “T ain’t studying "bout them devils. When I get ready to go up that hill —I’m going! (He rolls over on his side and exposes a slender brown body to the sun.) “Right now, I’m going to sleep.” (And he forthwith snores.) An old dark brown lady who has been lying down rises suddenly to her knees in the foreground. She gazes toward the hillside and speaks: “T’ll never live to see the face of that flower! God knows I worked hard to get Somewhere though. I’ve washed the shirt off of every one of them White Devils’ backs!” A Young Us: “And got a slap in the face for doing it.” Old Lady: “But that’s what the Leader told us to do. ‘Work,’ he said. ‘Show them you know how.’ As if two hundred years of slavery had not showed them!” Another Young Us: “Work doesn’t do it. The Us who work for the White Devils get pushed in the face —down off of Somewhere every night. They don’t even sleep up there.” Old Lady: “Something’s got to be done though! The Us ain’t got no business to sleep while the sun is shin- ing. They'd ought to be up and work- ing before the White Devils get to some other tricks. Young Us: “You just said work did not do you any good! What’s the need of working if it doesn’t get you anywhere? What’s the use of boring around in the same hole like a worm? Making the hole bigger to stay in?” (There comes up the road a clatter of feet and four figures, a middle-aged well-browned man, a lighter-browned middle-aged woman, a medium light brown girl, beautiful as a browned peach and a slender, tall, bronzy brown youth who walks with his head high. He touches the ground with ‘his feet as if it were a velvet rug and not sun-baked, jagged rocks.) Old Lady (addressing the Older Man): “Evenin’, Average. I was just saying we ain’t never going to make that hill.” Average: “The Us will if they get the right leaders.” The Middle-aged Woman—Cor- nerstone (speaks): “Leaders! Lead- ers! They’ve had good ones looks like to me.” Average: anywhere!” Cornerstone: “But that is not their fault! If one of them gets up and says, ‘Do this’, one of the Us will sneak up behind him and knock him down and stand up and holler, ‘Do that’, and then he himself gets knocked down and we still sit in the valley and knock down and drag out!” A Young Us: “Yeah! Drag Us out, but not White Devils.” (aside). Old Lady: “It’s the truth Corner- stone. They say they going to meet this evening to talk about what we ought to do.” Average: ‘What is the need of so much talking?” Cornerstone: “Better than not talk- ing! Somebody might say something after while.” “But, they ain’t led us 9 a Ra CONOR i snRNA A Iw AN Re ae renee nme: a a ne RR I fe aes en PEG ERE I ee are rere ean Oem ee Tee ee > — See Re che teva ent ane ve See aoe | Pi

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A et A TS (The Young Girl—Sweet—who just came up, speaks): “I want to talk too!” Average: ‘What can you talk about ?” Sweet: “Things! Something, father!” (The Young Man—Finest Blood— who is with them speaks): “Vl speak too.” Average: “Oh you all make me tired! ‘Talk—talk—talk—talk! And the flower is still up on the hillside!” Old Lady: “Yes and the White Devils are still talking about keeping the Us away from it, too.” (A drum begins to beat in the dis- tance. All the Us stand up and shake off their sleep. The drummer, a short black, determined looking Us, appears around the bushes beating the drum with strong, vigorous jabs that make the whole valley echo and re-echo with rhythm. Some of the Us begin to dance in time to the music. ) Average: “Look at that! Dancing!! The Us will never learn to be sen- sible!” Cornerstone: Well!!” (The Us all congregate at the cen- tre front. Almost naturally, the Young Us range on one side, the Old Us on the other. Cornerstone sits her plump brown self comfortably in the centre of the stage.) (An Old Us tottering with age and blind comes toward her): “What's it this time, chillun? Is it day yet? Can you see the road to that flower? Average: “Oh you know we ain’t going to get up there! No use worry- ing!” Cornerstone (to Old Man): “No it’s not day! It is still dark. It is night.” (For the sun has gone and purple blackness has lain across the Valley. Somehow, though, you can see the shape of the flower on top of Somewhere. Lights twinkle on the hill.) Old Man (speaking as if to him- self): “T’m blind from working— building for the White Devils in the heat of the noon-day sun and I’m weary!” Cornerstone: “Lean against me so they won’t crowd you.” (An old man rises in the back of the ranks; his beard reaches down to his knees but he springs upright. He speaks): “IT want to tell you all some- thing! The Us can’t get up the road unless we work! We want to hew and dig and toil!” A Young Us: “You had better sit down before someone knocks you down! They told us that when your beard was sprouting.” Cornerstone (to Youth): “Do not be so stupid! Speak as if you had re- spect for that beard!” 10 “They dance well! Another Young Us: “We have! But we get tired of hearing ‘you must work’ when we know the Old Us built practically every inch of that hill and are yet Nowhere.” First Young Us: “Yes, all they got was a rush down the hill — not a chance to take a step up!” Cornerstone: “It was not time then.” (dn Old Man on the back row): “Here comes a Young Us who has been reading in the books! Here comes a Young Us who has been read- ing in the books! He’ll tell us what the books say about getting Some- where.” (4 Young Man pushes through the crowd. As soon as he reaches the cen- tre front, he throws a bundle of books and cries): “I’m through! I do not need these things! They’re no good!” (The Old Man pushes up from the back and stands beside him): “You're through! Ain’t you been reading in the books how to get Somewhere? Why don’t you tell us how to get there?” The Young Man: “I’m through I tell you! There isn’t anything in one of these books that tells Black Us how to get around White Devils.” Old Man (softly—sadly): “I thought the books would tell us how!” Young Man: “No! The White Devils wrote the books themselves. You know they aren’t going to put anything like that in there!” Yet another Old Man (throwina back his head and calling into the air): “Lord! Why don’t you come by here and tell us how to get Somewhere?” A Young Man (who had been idly chewing grass speaks): “Aw, you ought to know by now that isn’t the way to talk to God!” Old Man: “It ain’t! It ain’t! It ain’t! It ain’t! Ain’t I been talking to God just like that for seventy years? Three score and ten years—Amen!” The Grass Chewer: “Yes! Three score and ten years you been telling God to tell you what to do. Telling Him! And three score and ten years you been wearing your spine double sitting on the rocks in the valley too.” Old Us: “He is all powerful! He will move in his own time!” Young Us: “Well, if he is all powerful, God does not need you to tell Him what to do.” Old Us: “Well what’s the need of me talkin’ to Him then?” Young Us: “Don’t talk so much to Him! Give Him a chance! He might want to talk to you but you do so much yelling in His ears that He can’t tell you anything.” (There is a commotion in the back stage. Sweet comes running to Cor- nerstone crying.) Sweet: “Oh—oo—!” Cornerstone: ‘What is it, Sweet?” Sweet: “There’s a White Devil sit- ting in the bushes in the dark over there! There’s a White Devil sitting in the bushes over in the dark! And when I walked by—he pinched me!” Finest Blood (catching a rock): “Where is he, sister?” (He starts to- ward the bushes.) Cornerstone (screaming): ‘Don’t go after him son! They will kill you if you hurt him!” Finest Blood: “1 don’t care if they do. Let them. I'd be out of this hole then!” Average: “Listen to that young fool! Better stay safe and sound where he is! At least he got some- where to eat and somewhere to lay his head.” Finest Blood: “Yes I can lav my head on the rocks of Nowhere.” (Up the center of the s:age toils a new figure of a square sec middle-aged Us. He walks heavily for in each hand he carries a heavy bag. As soon as he reaches the center front he throws the bags down groaning as he does so.) An Old Man: “’Smatter with you? Ain’t them bags full of gold.” The New Comer: “Yes, they are full of gold!” Old Man: “Well why ain’t you smiling then? Them White Devils can’t have anything no better!” The New Comer: “Yes they have! They have Somewhere! I tried to do what they said. I brought them money, but when I brought it to them they would not sell me even a spoon- ful of dirt from Somewhere! I’m through!” Cornerstone: ‘Don’t be through. The gold counts for something. It must!” (An Old Woman cries aloud in a quavering voice from the back): “Last night I had a dream.” A Young Us: “Dreams? Excuse me! I know I’m _ going now! Dreams!!” Old Lady: “I dreamed that I saw a White Devil cut in six pieces—head here, (pointing), body here—one leg here—one there—an arm _ here—an arm there.” An Old Man: “Thank God! It’s time then!” Average: “Time for what? Time to eat? Sure ain’t time to get Some- where!” Old Man walking forward: “It’s time! It’s time! Bring me an iron pot!” Young Us: “Aw don’t try any con- juring! Old Man (louder): “Bring me a a pot of iron. Get the pot from the fire in the valley.” THE Crisis aR

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yi Cornerstone: “Give him the pot!” (Someone brings it up immediately). Old Man (walking toward pot slowly): “Old Us! Do you hear me. Old Us that are here do you hear me?” (All the Old Us cry in chorus): “Yes, Lord! We hear you! We hear you!” ' Old Man (trying louder and louder): “Old Us! Old Us!! Old Us that are gone, Old Us that are dust do you hear me?” (His voice sounds strangely through the valley. Somewhere you think you hear—as if mouthed by ten million mouths through rocks and dust— “Yes!—Lord!—We hear you! We hear you!”) Old Man: “And you hear me— give me a handful of dust! Give me a handful of dust! Dig down to the depths of the things you have made! The things you formed with your hands and give me a handful of dust!” (An Old Woman tottering with the weakness of old age crosses the stage and going to the pot, throws a hand- ful of dust in. Just before she sits down again she throws back her head and shakes her cane in the air and laughs so that the entire valley echoes. ) A Young Us: ‘“What’s the trou- ble? Choking on the dust?” Old Woman: “No child! Re- joicing !”’ Young Us: “Rejoicing over a handful of dust?” Old Woman: “Yes. A handful of dust! Thanking God I could do something if it was nothing but make a handful of dust!” Young Us: “Well dust isn’t much!” Old Man at the pot: “Yes, it isn’t much! You are dust yourself; but so is she. Like everything else, though, dust can be little or much, according to where it is.” (The Young Us who spoke sub- sides. He subsides so completely that he crashes through the Thin-Skin-of- Civilization. Several of his group go too. They were thinking.) Old Man at the pot: “Bring me books! Bring me books!” Young Us (who threw books down): “Here! Take all these! I'll light the fire with them.” Old Man: “No, put them in the pot. (Youth does so.) Old Man: “Bring me gold!” (The Man who brought the Bags of Gold): “Here take this! It is just as well. Stew it up and make teeth- ing rings!!” (He pours it into the pot. ) Old Man: “Now bring me blood! Blood from the eyes, the ears, the whole body! Drain it off and bring January, 1928 me blood!” (No one speaks or moves.) Old Man: “Now bring me blood! Blood from the eyes, the ears, the whole body! Drain it off! Bring me blood!!” (No one speaks or moves.) Old Man: “Ah hah, hah! I knew it! Not one of you willing to pour his blood in the pot!” Young Us (facetiously): “How you going to pour your own blood in there? You got to be pretty far gone to let your blood run in there. Somebody else would have to do the pouring.” Old’ Man: “I mean red blood. Not yellow blood, thank you.” Finest Blood (suddenly): my blood!” “Take (He walks toward the pot. ) Cornerstone: “OQ no! Not my boy! Take me instead!” Old Man: “Cornerstone we can- not stand without you!” An Old Woman: “What you need blood for? What you doing anyhow? You ain’t told us nothing yet. What's going on in that pot?” Old Man: “I’m doing as I was told to do.” A Young Us: do anything?” Old Man: vant.” Young Us (who spoke before): “Who told you to “God. I’m His’ ser- “God? I haven’t heard God tell you anything.” t Old Man: “You couldn't hear. He told it to me alone.” Old Woman: “I believe you. Don’t pay any attention to that sim- pleton! What God told you to do?” Old Man: “He told me take a handful of dust—dust from which all things came and put it-in’a hard iron pot. Pur it in a hard iron pot. Things shape best in hard moulds!! Put in books that Men learn by. Gold that Men live by. Blood that lets Men live.” Young Us: “What you suppose to be shaping? A man?” Old Us: “I'm the servant. I can do nothing. If I do this, God will shape a new man Himself.” Young Man: ‘“What’s the things in the pot for?” Old Man: “To show I can do what I’m told.” Old Woman: ‘Why does He want blood ?” Old Man: “You got to give blood! Blood has to be let for births, to give life.” Old Woman: “So the dust wasn’t just nothing? Thank God!” Youth: “Then the books were not just paper leaves? Thank God!” The Man of the Gold Bags: “Can the gold mean something?” Old Man: “Now I need the blood.” Finest Blood: could take mine.” Old Man: “Yours!” Finest Blood: ‘‘Where else could you get it? The New Man must be born. The night is already dark. We cannot stay here forever. Where else could blood come from?” Old Man: “Think child. When God asked a faithful servant once to do sacrifice, even his only child, where did God put the real meat for sacri- fice when the servant had the knife upon the son’s throat?” Old Us (in a chorus): In the bushes, Lord! In the bushes, Lord! Jehovah put the ram - In the bushes! “T told you you Cornerstone: “I understand!” Finest Blood: ‘What do you mean?” Cornerstone: ‘Where were you going a little while ago? Where were you going when your sister cried out?” Finest Blood: “To the bushes! You want me to get the White Devil? (He seizes the piece of rock and stands to his feet.) Old Man: “No! No! Not that way. The White Devils are full of tricks. You must go differently. Bring him gifts and offer them to him.” Finest Blood: give for a gift?” Old Man: “There are the pipes of Pan that every Us is born with. Play on that. Soothe him—lure him — make him yearn for the pipe. Even a White Devil will soften at music. He’ll come out, and he only comes to try to get the pipe from you.” Finest Blood: “And when _ he comes out, I’m to kill him in the dark before he sees me? That’s a White Devil trick!” Old Man: “An Old Us will never tell you to play White Devil’s games! No! Do not kill him in the dark. Get him out of the bushes and say to him: ‘White Devil, God is using me for His instrument. You think that it is I who play on this pipe! You think that is I who play upon this pipe so that you cannot stay in your bushes. So that you must come out of your bushes. But it is not I who play. It is not I, it is God who plays through me—to you. Will you hear what He says? Will you hear? He says it is almost day, White Devil. The night is far gone. A New Man must be born for the New Day. Blood is needed for birth. Blood is needed for the birth. Come out, White Devil. It may be your blood —it may be mine—but blood must be taken during the (Turn to page 28) il “What have I to meres mersnene re a SAA RN ea te eR ED : ; ' : i | |

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a Or of the first, most persistent and most effective opponents of the Ku Klux Klan in the United States, has been the National Asso- ciation for the Advancement of Col- ored People. This opposition of the N. A. A. C. P. to the Klan, even in the Klan’s early days, was based upon the best of grounds. For beneath ail the professions of a desire to protect America, to safeguard the chastity of womanhood, to uphold morality, the N. A. A. C. P. knew that quite dif- ferent motives were at work. The N. A. A. C. P. knew that the Klan movement represented the intention to capitalize race hatred ; that creed would be incited against creed. and _ race against race for the profit of those conducting the enterprise; and that all the talk about helping to enforce the law was merely a cloak to shield the movements of those cowards who, veiling their faces might commit crimes while the organization might disclaim any responsibility. Fortunately, during the past few months, we have had an excellent ex- ample of the effects of the domination of the Klan. And the demonstration is one which justifies to the utmost the persistent campaign against the Klan and Klan principles carried on by the N. A. A. C. P. This labora- tory demonstration in what Klan rule means has been furnished by the State of Alabama, where the Governor and other leading officials were members of the order and where, in conse- quence, there has been a virtual break- down of the processes of orderly gov- ernment and justice, leaving out of discussion ordinary decency and hu- manity. F the intolerable conditions pre- vailing in the State of Alabama, we are informed by newspapers pub- lished in that state by white men. We Klan Rule a= are intormed not only of crimes com- mitted by men wearing the regalia of this noble band, of women flogged and of aged Negroes terrorized for the crime of not selling their property for a song; but we are told as well that occasional grand juries, goaded into activity by the desperate state of affairs, have handed down indictments, naming the Ku Klux Klan by name as responsible for the Alabama out- rages. The N. A. A. C. P. recentiy compiled a pamphlet which it entitled “The Recent Record of the Ku Klux Klan”. This pamphlet consisted of editorials from two Alabama news- papers the Montgomery Advertiser and the Birmingham News giving in detail the record of criminality of which the Klan stands arraigned be- fore the nation, outside of Alabama as well as within the borders of that unhappy state. The evidence presented in that pam- phlet could be added to indefinitely. And all of the evidence is furnished by Southern white men, editors of newspapers of repute. An examina- tion of a few of the headlines and news reports in Alabama newspapers of recent date, which are preserved in the files of the N. A. A. C. P. may help to fill out the picture of Klan protection of the sanctity of woman- hood and law enforcement. Take for example the following headline, from the Montgomery Advertiser, of Octo- ber 20: Details of Brutal Lashing Are Bared by Crenshaw Woman Whipped in Home While Gang Held Mother in Another Room It is not necessary to give the entire THE N.A.A.C.P. BATTLE FRONT story written by MHbarold Stephens, Stait Correspondent of the Montgom- ery Advertiser. Just a brief extract will testify to the high regard for womanhood of the members of the noble Klan: “They threw her bodily across the bed. Masked men held her feet and hands. A Klansman, catching the bottom of her skirt, pulled it up around her waist. And another, wielding a leather strap, dealt blow after blow across the naked flesh. “After the whipping she was taken back to the front room where’ her mother had been held in a chair. For a number of minutes, a good while, she said, the Klansmen remained in the room. They still accused her of going with the man, and when she argued, one of them struck her with his hand across the face. ““Give her some more, she ain’t had enough’, a voice in the crowd shouted. But the others thought dif- ferently and in a little while all left the house and climbing into their cars, rode away.” F Napisy ays case of law enforce- ment by the noble Klan is out- lined in the following dispatch to the New York Times of July 14, 1917, reading somewhat as follows: New Flogging Case Bared in Alabama Negro Forced to Sell His Farm Far Below Its Value, He Tells Sheriff. Five Florence Arrests Two Women and Three Men Are Accused of Having Severely Beaten Mrs. Slay. Lest it be thought that these cases of chivalry to womanhood and law en- forcement by terrorizing Negroes into Isabel Hart 3rd_ prize Arkansas City, Kan. 12 Mary Van Bake 2nd prise Plainfield, N. J. N. A, A. C. P. Popularity Contest Lena Eldridge Geraldine Davis 2nd prize lst prize Arkansas City, Kan. Arkansas City, Kan. Fannie Pierce lst prize New Haven, Conn. Elnora Askins 4th prize New Haven, Conn. THE Crisis Ee ni

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selling’ their land below its value, are occasional, we may refer to the des- patch to the New York Herald-Tri- bune of October 5, quoting Charles C. McCall, Attorney General of the State of Alabama. Mr. McCall an- nounced that he had evidence sufh- cient to indict at least 80 persons for flogging in one county, Crenshaw County. He said further: “With one exception, in every flogging of which I now have evidence, the crime was committed by men wearing the robes of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan. Whether or not these floggings were engineered by the order in an oficial way, I am not prepared to say’. HE list of headlines in this con- nection could be added to indefi- nitely. For example: (New York Times, Aug. 22.) Alabama Girl Flogged Kept Outrage Secret For a Month Fearing Death Threat. (New York Times, Aug. 10) Man of 61 Is Flogged Another Outrage by Masked Band Revealed in Alabama — (Birmingham News, Aug. 2) Orphan Tells How Hooded and Robed Men Tied Him Tree for Lashing (New York Times, Nov. 3) Negro Flogged to Death Three Alabamans Are Indicted On Charge of Killing Him (Montgomery Advertiser, Nov. 1) | Mob Terrorizes Negro Appeals To McCall for Protection in Colbert County. Man and Mother Who Own Prop- erty in Shoals City Warned to Leave County Before November To date the Klan-elected Governor of Alabama, the Hon. Bibb Graves, has said no word concerning the condi- tions which are making the name of his state a stench in the nostrils of the civilized world. Not alone the Governor is involved. The Alabama Journal and The Times, a newspaper published in Montgomery, reports in an editorial on November 15, that Thomas Heflin, United States Sena- tor, did not scruple to appear at a meeting and submit to introduction to his Montgomery audience by George H. Thigpen, state superintendent of insurance. Thigpen was appointed by the Klan Governor, who despite January, 1928 his oath to tell the truth to a local grand jury, later announced that he would have refused to give informa- tion to that jury concerning a Klan officer because to do so would have violated his oath to the Klan. This klansman, like others, who inveigh ‘against the danger to America from foreign domination, religious or secu- lar, are nourishing in our midst a form of domination immeasurably more menacing and dangerous to everything that gives the name of America any significance in the world. HE brutal ignorance, the crim- inality, the cowardice and _ hy- pocrisy that inform the Klan and its membership have been sufficiently dem- onstrated by events not alone in Ala- bama, but in Indiana, and the revela- tions in Pennsylvania as well. The campaign of the N. A. A. C. P. against this monster, has been one sim- ply and solely of publicity. It has been felt that once the nature of the Klan and its doings were known, that organization must be relegated to the criminal and lawless elements in the population. Membership in it or sym- pathy with it on the part of any self- respecting citizen of this country has become impossible. Its attitude toward the Negro is in- dicated not merely by the Alabama brutalities, but by the published con- fession that the Klan sponsored the - bills, introduced last year in a num- ber of northern states, which would have prohibited marriage between per- sons of Negro ancestry and those of white ancestry. The N. A. A. C. P. was able to defeat every one of these bills. But so long as the Klan spirit survives in this country such attempts will be made. And it behooves every colored man and woman in the United States, to support the N. A. A. C. P. in its fight against the most danger- ous threat against the American ideal that has ever been made, the un-Amer- ican Ku Klux Klan. i. J. 5. Victory in Gary OLORED people in the United States need not accept flagrant discrimination on the basis of color, if they will unite in opposition to it. This is conclusively shown by the victory against the attempt to segregate colored students in the Emerson High School of Gary, Indiana. It will be remem- bered that Indiana is a state which has been dominated by the Ku Klux Klan. And that white students of the Emerson High School in Gary went on “strike” to bring about the exclu- sion from their school of the colored students who had been studying there. And that the city council abjectly bow- ing to this mob expression of the Jim Crow spirit passed an ordinance ap- propriating $15,000 for a “temporary”. building to house the colored students. All this happened late in September. At this point the N. A. A. C. P. stepped in. The President of the Gary branch, John W. Russell, re- tained colored attorneys to fight the attempted Jim Crowing of the col- ored students. Mass meetings were held and William Pickens, Field Sec- retary of the N. A. A. C. P. went to Gary to help organize the fight. The Board of Directors in meeting in the National Office of the Associa- tion appropriated $500 to be used in this struggle for the American prin- ciple of equal opportunity and fair treatment regardless of color in Amer- ican schools. R. L. Bailey, of In- dianapolis, was asked as_representa- tive of the National Office, to cooper- ate with the four attorneys retained by the Gary branch: Messrs. F. Law- rence Anderson, Charles H. Mason, C. L. Carroll, and Edward McKinley Bacoyn. HE attorneys, backed by the solid public sentiment of the colored population of Gary, led by the able and enthusiastic officers of the local N. A. A. C. P. branch, went to court and procured a restraining order which, on November 7, was continued in the form of a temporary injunction re- straining the city council from spend- ing the taxpayers’ money in this fash- ion. Hearing on this injunction was set for December 12 and it was freely predicted by N. A. A. C. P. attor- neys that the defendants would never let the matter come to court trial be- cause they knew the weakness and illegality of their position. And, in fact, on November 18 a white daily in Gary quoted Mayor Floyd E. Wil- liams of Gary as saying that he was convinced the appropriation of $15,- 000 for a segregated school was illegal and that it would be a waste of money to try to combat the injunction pro- cured by the'N. A. A. C. P. James Weldon Johnson, the Asso- ciation’s Secretary, being in Gary, re- ported by letter that on the night of Monday, November 21, the city coun- cil, urged to this action by the Mayor, had passed on first and second read- ings a resolution rescinding its ap- propriation for a segregated school; and that there was every likelihood that the resolution would finally be passed on third reading at the next meeting of the Gary city council, the first Monday in December. During the course of this struggle the opposition stopped at nothing in order to hinder the N. A. A. C. P. in its efforts. Baseless and menda- cious charges were even distributed throughout the (Turn to page 30) 13 Sera i SR hiner hdinnronianmein naan er anne epee ee pea gear eee AT a I EE Oe oe aes

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THE POETS CORNER i Stars in Alabama By JESSIE FAUSET N Alabama Stars hang down so low, So low they purge the soul With their infinity. Beneath their holy glance Essential good Rises to mingle with them In that skiey sea. At noon Within the sandy cotton-field Beyond the clay, red road Bordered with green, A Negro lad and lass Cling hand in hand, And Passion, hot-eyed, hot-lipped, Lurks unseen. But in the evening When the skies lean down, He’s but a wistful boy, A saintly maiden she. For Alabama stars Hang down so low, So low they purge the soul With their infinity. When Sampson Sings By J. E, McCALL BLACK SAMPSON is a singing man; He’s blind and big and strong. A steel guitar is in his hands, And in his mouth, a song. He shuffles up and down the streets, Led by a little child; His voice is vibrant, deep and loud, Like the sea when the winds are wild. There’s sunshine, tears, In the songs black Sampson sings— laughter, pain and The slave’s sad wail, the warrior’s shout, And the laughter of rippling springs. There’s something in his voice that clings, Like Ethiopia’s arms, Which holds the strength of Pyramids, And great Sahara’s charms. When Sampson sings he holds the throng With the spell of his magic bars, Which thrill like the sound of tom-tom drums, On the Congo, under the stars. TWO SONNETS TO YOUTH By MARJORIE MARSHALL To a Brown Boy — Singing THE song of life had flown as days have flown, 14 In chaos time forsook its godly throne; And we perceived as through a storm rent sky The land of thy creation, form on high. Perceived your darksome pines that moaned and soared, Your wingéd birds whose brilliant colors poured Like molten gold, paths of blue, That sank in cool lush notes of forest dew. through shadowed All this we saw as earth’s forbidden screen Drew back, from vistas seen but in a dream; And favored us to look upon the one Creation, of her treasured god-born son. Then lest a mortal know eternal peace, Earth snapped a band around her mas- terpiece. To a Dark Dancer ITHIN the shadow of the moon you danced, Or postured in the light of crystal stars Your dark flame-beauty challenging a glance, You flung a sob-caught laugh and leaped afar Into the arms of night, with upturned face That mocked the waning beauty of the moon, Its fragile curves, which lacked your Nile-born grace Which made the tom-toms beat, the senses swoon. You dance no more upon the silvered sand With streaming midnight hair and pant- ing breath, But lie in peace while gold and jeweled bands Adorn your wrists, and silks caress your breast; For you are dead and even as I wait The desert moon has veiled its pale-gold face. The Mother o’ Dusk and Her Babe By FENTON JOHNSON { LOOK and that I see appeals to me As does the manger Babe to Christian man, For she who mothered long another’s brood Upon her lap in rapture holds a child That came from deep travail to claim her love. Upon its lips she prints a deathless kiss And holds against her breast its trem- bling form And through the night she croons a strange old song That tells the world, “Behold, I have my own.” For she is mother now, that once was such A cruel world with jibes derided her And asked her, “Where are those you brought to light? Where all those hopes you said were yours to give?” I hear this turbaned mother plead, “O world, . My hopes have shaped themselves in flesh o’ brown And all my deeds have given light to eyes That grasp its infant hour of wonder- ment. Take now my suckling, let it live for thee And when its manhood breaks its spirit’s bound It shall defend thee, succour thee and love The good that through the ages thou hast served.” And when the child in sleep would close its eyes This strong young mother lifts with tenderness This proselyte to all the joys and woes An ancient world would give to test its own And lays it snug within its trundle bed And lets the moonlight play upon its form. To One Who Thinks of Suicide BLANCHE TAYLOR DICKINSON Som ETIMES it seems that only cow- ards live With weighted hearts each day; It seems braver far to take life up and go A solitary way. It seems a self reliant soul should know When life has palled, And win applause for surprising God. . . Going in. . . uncalled. Poor vain, gallant hero, If the journey ended at the grave I would cheer you . . . or perhaps I'd go And wear the laurels of the brave. But no! I rather choose to stay And trust the clouds to blow away. I'll blink and peer through fog of doubt Until God blows my candle out. . . THE Crisis ‘ RS 7 : a 3 QF

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se th eS its ed its OW tT Rr BOT a ELL a ; 3 ia ABI ALONG THE COLOR LINE | PERSONAL @ Mrs. Callie Brant Atwater, wife of the editor of the Rome, Ga., Enter- prise, died recently at Rome. Mrs. Atwater was a graduate of Scotia Sem- inary, Concord, N. C., and did much social work in her community. @Arthur R. Neckles, a well-known colored physician of St. Vincent B. W. I., is dead at the age of 29 years. In 1920 Dr. Neckels was graduated with the M. D. degree from Guys Hospital, London. @ Dr. Ernest Lyon, of Baltimore, Md., who is the Liberian Council ‘(General in the United States, was a delegate to the recent International Radio Telegraph Conference which was held in New York City and Wash- ington, D. C. @ Ephraim N. Dent, who died re- cently at Louisburg, N. C., was born at Warrenton, N. C., 76 years ago. He was educated at Biddle and Cor- nell Universities and taught over fifty years in North Carolina. He served for twenty years as principal of the Louisburg graded school. @ Miss Gwendolyn Bennett, former Howard University teacher, and Aaron Douglas, art critic of THE Crisis, are the recipients of two art scholarships The Student’s Committee at Hampton, Expelled and Suspended for their Protest ess Row: Cyril W. Stephens, Evan T. Wood, Claud J. Amis, C. Orin Jeffries. A. Willie, Alfred V. Moore, John Casey, Lee A. Valentine, Fleming R. Waller. De of $1200 each from the Barnes Foun- dation, Marion, Pa. They are taking a specialized course in picture analysis. @ Mrs. Harriet Thompson, who spent one-third of the 106 years of her life in slavery in Virginia, died recently in Rochester, N. Y. Mrs. Thompson was born near Culpepper, Va., and served on a plantation until the close of the Civil War. @ When the convention of the Na- tional Council of Women met in New York City early in December, Mrs. Mary McLeod Bethune, president of the Bethune-Cookman College, repre- sented the National Association of Colored Women. Second row: . Johnson, Robert A. Coles, Top Row: J. Llewelyn Houck, i . Mebane, Rudolph B. Renfrow, J. 7 Eugene Henderson, Roger Laws, G. James Fleming, Stephen Mims, Howard Rollins, January, 1928 Saul Perdue, Theester Coleman, Cecil Spellman. 15 PEPER STS AY eT ee eee Tn BEAST NAAT iI CAE i SBS

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@ Jesse Lawson died recently at lor’s ‘““Hiawatha’s Wedding Feast” re- to Mickey Walker in December of the Washington, D. C. Mr. Lawson was cently from the Wanamaker store. same year. Walker was to defend his 7 born in Maryland in 1856 and was @ During the past 12 years, T. C._ title in a bout with Flowers within a * graduated from Howard University Windham of Birmingham, Als. and few weeks. ‘ i with the A. B. degree in 1881 and the Chicago, Ill., has constructed buildings @ J. D. Burton, field secretary for ; j ] degree of LL.B. from the same in- costing more than $10,000,000. Mr. the Alabama Commission on Inter- q ’ stitution in 1884. He served as law Windham is responsible for the financ- racial Cooperation, held a series of "7 ] examiner in the Pension Office for 44 ing and construction of the National interracial conferences in Birmingham | t @ Th pigs ‘ 4 Baptist Publishing House of Nash- early in November. > " 1 omas A. Long, a professor in y; . > ; : ; a Se Soin of eal and ome Te fea Un ss $ECOOM: Ne Edward Svea of Linen, Pe | omics at Johnson C. Smith University, Corporation of Birmingham, Ala won the second prize im poetry in the im received the M. A. degree in the de- é Seeger Crisis contest for 1927. partment of philosophy at Columbia « A prize play contest terminating @ John B. King of New York Cit) 4 University in October. N serene s North Cer ree was elected president of the student t @ After 31 years of service, William — b cnraggar Srsalesaanelh ance. body of Maxwell Training School of h M. Smith, the first Negro mail clerk jing: was fostered by the N. C. Negro that city recently. i in Minnesota, was retired from the iain Reieainetan Miss Thelma @ Bud Francis, a 13 year old colored 4 f Minneapolis post office recently. Ficsteante eee Iie prize Melvin Green, oy of Robinson, Miss., saved 3 Negro : I @ Miss Marie C. Mayberry, a stud- second and Miss Violet C. Thomas, babies from drowning recently. It ent at Wichita Municipal University, third. is being urged that Bud receive the #7 } is the first colored girl to be appointed = Plecsecs Bille. ealh-boown come Carnegie medal. ; t a member of the Regional Field Coun- qian and dancer, died recently in New € Andrew J. Allison, first Alumni cil of the Y. W. C. A. Rocky Moun- yo: City. Miss Mills. who was born Secretary of Fisk University, received : ; tain Conference. This region in- 39 years ago at Washington D. C.. the B. S. degree from Fisk in 1913. - cludes seven states. first became prominent on the stage Since then he has been assistant prin- \g b @ Miss Marita O. Bonner of Rox- with the “Tennessee Ten” in 1916. cipal and later principal of the Albany @ b bury, Mass., was among the prize win- Later she played leads in “Shuffle Normal School, Albany, Ga., Director "% ‘ ners of the 1927 Rodman Wanamaker Along” and “From Dixie to Broad- of the War Time Activities under the 7 7 Contest for Negro Music. way”. In London and Paris with her War Camp Community Service in e @ James T. Phillips, a colored attor- “Blackbirds” she received the plaudits Norfolk, Va., and Nashville, Tenn., is ° ney of Pasadena, Calif., has recently of the critics who said that Miss Mills 294 Industrial Secretary of the New | a been unanimously elected to member- had great talent irrespective of race York Urban League. 3 ship in the Pasadena Bar Association. or color. @ Miss Anna Gray of Providence, @ Mr. Phillips is the only Negro mem- Tiger Flowers, former middle- R. I., a junior at Boston University, t ber. weight boxing champion of the world, has attained the distinction of being @ Ferdinand, Motley, Negro tenor of died. recently in New York City. the first colored girl to serve on the Philadelphia, Pa., and founder.and di- Flowers, who was born 32 years ago student governing board of the Uni- rector of the Motkin School of Music, in Atlanta, Ga., won the middleweight versity. * was soloist for the Music Department titlein @-15 round decision bout in @ Miss Helen N. Jackson, of Minne- ~ of Teachers’ College, Temple Univer- February, 1926 from Harry Greb. He polis, Minn., a senior at the Univer- 7% sity, which broadcast S. Coleridge Tay- lost the title on a questionable decision sity of Minnesota, is the first colored ; The French Army at Elysée Palace Greets the President of Liberia a 16 THE Crisis URE Ee ee —

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RISIS 3 val 4 girl to be elected to the Big Council of the Y. W. C. A. at the University. In her junior year Miss Jacks6n was elected to the Minnesota chapter of Phi Beta Kappa. @ Paul Robeson with Lawrence Brown as accompanist, is on an ex- tended concert tour of Europe, and inade his Paris debut early in Novem- ber. His program of spirituals have met with great success. MEETINGS @ A conference on the teaching of the sciences in colleges for Negroes was held at Talledega College, Ala., early in November. St. Elmo Brady, pro- fessor of chemistry at Fisk University, Dr. M. O. Dumas of Washington, D. C. and John Hope, president of Morehouse University, were among the principal speakers. @ The Association for the Study of Negro Life and History met recently in Pittsburgh, Pa. Programs to pro- mote the collection of sociological and historical documents, the publishing of books on Negro life and history and the study of Negro life and history through clubs and schools were dis- cussed. Carter G. Woodson, Director of the Association, Garnet C. Wilkin- son, Assistant Superintendent of Schools, Washington, D. C., John W. Davis, President of West Virginia January, 1928 Collegiate Institute, Charles S. John- son, of New York, and P. B. Young of Norfolk, Va.; were among the speakers. @ A miniature Pan-African Congress and inter-racial educational meeting were held at Portland, Ore., in No- vember, Mrs. E. D. Cannady had charge of the meeting. @ In November the Kentucky Inter- racial Commission held its 8th annual interracial conference in Louisville. A program to further the progress in race relations in Kentucky was adopted. EDUCATION @ Twenty-five students of the Uni- versity of Michigan met in a restau- rant in Ann Arbor last June. They were members of the Negro-Caucasian Club and their guests, including Chris- tians, Jews, Mohammedans, Brahmans and Agnostics and five members of the University faculty. The Dean granted this club only “temporary” recognition. It has brought to Ann Arbor such speakers as William Pickens, Norman Thomas, Paul Blanshard, A. Philip Randolph, Roger Baldwin and various professors of the university. The club sent representatives to listen to the Sweet trial. Literary men and teach- ers, like Kelly Miller, Jean Toomer and Alain Locke came to speak. The aim of the club is to encourage a Dunbar Memorial Hospital, Detroit, Mich. spirit of friendliness and fair-minded- ness between the races and to study and discuss the problems of race relations. The club wants to see other such or- ganizations throughout the country. @ Courses of collegiate grade lead- ing to the B. S. degree have recently been inaugurated at Tuskegee Insti- tute, Ala., in Agriculture, education and home economics. @ The sixtieth anniversary of Mor- gan College, Baltimore, Md., and the twenty-fifth anniversary of the presi- dency of John O. Spencer, was cele- brated December 2. @ “Sixty Yesteryears”, a pagean: commemorating the sixtieth anniver- sary of the founding of Talladega Col lege, was presented by the Talladega College Little Theater Players on No- vember 14. @ It is interesting to note that a group of students whose parents at- tended Atlanta University, has been organized at Atlanta for over two years, SOCIAL PROGRESS @ Zion M. E. Church, Rochester, N. Y., celebrated its centennary early in November. Harriet Tubman, an escaped slave who spent several years in underground-railway work, was in- timately connected with the growth of this church. Zion is planning to erect 17 SEE er IRR OG I A = ere pin Rai: er ~ 7 ‘ Sg st a es a ae Ree Sea —- - ee eae er ee ee ee ee ae CS ae beciacecae Te ee a , cnemtdad

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Miss Mae Cowdery a $35,000 church school building which will serve as a recreational center for colored people. @ The business and professional men of Columbus, Ohio, recently formed the Columbus Business Association with the following program in view: to increase the patronage of the busi- ness institutions; to maintain their ef- ficiency ; to develop and foster new en- terprises among colored people; and to open new avenues of employment and improve the general economic con- dition of colored citizens. @ From January 6 to 15 an exhibi- tion of the creative work of Negroes of America in the fine arts was held at International House, New York City. The exhibition was sponsored by the Harmon Foundation in coop- eration with the Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America. @ The merger of the Solvent Savings and Fraternal Savings Banks of Mem- phis, Tenn., with a capital of over $1,500,000 gives Memphis the largest Negro bank in the South. @ An estimate of the property loss to colored people, caused by the recent tornado at St. Louis, Mo., has been set at $2,250,000. @ The Negro division raised a total Edward L. Silvera, page 16 18 Mrs. Jeannette Norman Miss Helen Jackson, page 16 Krigwa Prize Winners, 1927 Roscoe Wright of over $7,749 during the annual charity drive in Kansas City, Mo. @ The total assets of the Binga State Bank, Chicago, Ill., at the close of its fiscal year, were $1,704,792.41. @ Two awards for constructive ac- tivity in social, civic or industrial fields, amounting to $1,500, were announced recently by the Harmon Foundation. The sum of $1,000 with a gold medal will be awarded to an individual who makes a distinct contribution to wel- fare work in the United States; and $500 with a gold medal will be given to the author of that article appearing in any American publication in 1927 which is of greatest benefit in stimulat- ing constructive public opinion in the United States in the social or indus- trial field. @ The total assets of the Adelphi Building, Loan and Savings Co., of Columbus, Ohio, according to its most recent financial statement are $51,- 069.16. @ The New ~ England. People’s Finance Corporation, New . London, Conn., recently established to operate an industrial banking business, has an authorized capital of $50,000. @ The United States Civil Service Commission has announced that the Miss Eulalie Spence Miss Marie Mayberry, page 15 Miss Edna Heard Veterans’ Bureau Hospital at Tus- kegee, Ala., is in need of laboratorians in bacteriology and roentgenology and that applications for the positions will be received until January 7. It will be the policy to select colored eligibles for appointment when available. For further information address the United States Civil Service Commission, Washington, D. C. @ “Theses and Dissertations”, a bul- letin containing 568 theses represent- ing the compilation of the academic efforts of Chinese students in the United States, written by Chinese stu- dents, has been issued by the China Institute in America. @ According to the registration figures in the recent election at Louisville, Ky., there were 34,489 white Repub- licans and 34,150 colored. Although they comprised almost one half of the party, not a single Negro ran on the Republican ticket. @ The lynchings in 1927 have been 16 in number, 15 Negroes and 1 white, all men. The accusations against the Negroes were: murder and attempted murder, 8; rape, 5; beating a board bill and improper relations with a white woman, 1. One of the victims was saturated with gasoline and John B. King, page 16 THE Crisis

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rh he he en re, he ed rd ms Josephine Baker, Saleswoman for Charity at the Gallery LaFayette, Paris burned alive; the body of another was burned after death. The lynching states for 1927 are: Mississippi, 4; Ar- kansas, 3; Tennessee, 3; Florida, 2; and | each in Texas, Missouri, North Carolina, and Kentucky. @ Lynchings have occurred as follows in five year periods: 1889-93, 839; 1894-98, 774; 1899-1903, 543; 1904- 08, 381; 1909-13, 362; 1914-18, 325; 1919-23, 301; 1924-27 (4 years), 84. POLITICAL @ Fred R. Moore, colored editor of the New York Age, was elected alder- man of the 19th district of New York City during the recent elections. Mr. Moore was a victor over his white democratic opponent by a plurality of over 1,200 votes. @ R. S. Wilkinson, colored president of the State Agricultural and Mechan- ical College, Orangeburg, S. C., is a member of the Special Advisory Com- mittee composed of nine members, to make a survey of land-grant colleges in the United States. The committee includes the Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of State. @ For the first time in the history of Detroit a colored man was elected to the city common council when George H. Green, candidate from the ninth ward, was elected. AFRICA @ The appeal brought against the decision of the Supreme Court of British Honduras making the gift of Emmanuel Morter of Belize, to the U. N. I. A. illegal, was dismissed re- January, 1928 cently by the Judicial Committee of the English Privy Council. qd J. B. Danquah, BS., L.L.B., Ph.D. from the University of Lon- don and John Stuart Mill scholar of the Inner Temple, returned recently to Africa after a six year sojourn in England. @ A program of Nigerian music com- posed and arranged by E. Kunkayo Phillips, organist and choirmaster of the pro-Cathedral at Lagos, was ren- dered in the ‘St. George’s Church, Perry Hill, London, recently. Mr. Phillips was present and took part in the presentation of the music. @ Clements Kadalie, native labor leader of South Africa, has returned to South Africa after a tour of Europe, where he has been seeking to obtain cooperation between the white work- ers of Europe and the native work- ers of South Africa. @ Before their departure for home, President and Mrs. King of Liberia, were entertained by Hon. Charles E. Cooper, Consul-General of Liberia, at a dinner at the Adelphi Hotel, Liver- pool, Eng. Many distinguished peo- ple were present. @ Dr. Bankole-Bright, M.L.C., of Sierra Leone, who made an address in London on the Sierra Leone As- sessors Ordinance, returned to Africa recently. His three children are in England studying. @ A case which has aroused much attention in Rhodesia is that of John Meikle, former member of the legis- lative council, who has been convicted and sentenced to 15 months at hard labor, on a charge of assault on a na- tive servant whom he suspected of theft. The boy, whom he tied up in a stable and then branded with hot irons, was left in the stable for 24 hours and on the following day was again branded. The boy has recov- ered. @ The International Institute of African Languages and Cultures, founded last year, and located at Lon- don, is steadily receiving increased support and is extending its activities. The institute recently issued its first publication, a brochure on “Practical Orthography of African Languages” and the first number of the institute’s journal, “Africa’, was published in November. @ Additional ruins have been discov- ered near Zimbabwe, South Africa. The ruins of Zimbabwe in the dis- trict of Southern Rhodesia were first discovered in 1860. ‘Their age is a matter of dispute, some authorities claiming they are of great antiquity and others that they belong to the 14th or 15th century. @ The Executive Counsel of the African National Congress, has been trying to test the ordinance of Jo- hannesburg, which prohibits natives from driving motor cars unless the cars are owned by colored men. @ Portugal has been investigating the treatment of natives in Mozambique and Angola. @ The native administration act of 1927 has come into operation in the Union of South Africa and seeks to banish any person “who attempts to promote the feeling of hostility between natives and Europeans”. It is aimed to stop agitation for native rights. EGYPT AND EAST AFRICA @ The Wafd parliamentary party has chosen Mustafa Nahas Pasha as successor of the great Egyptian leader Zaghlul Pasha who died . recently. @ After a long struggle the Italians announce that they have finally sub- dued the revolt in Italian Somaliland. @ Persian ruins have been. discovered at Gedi near Mombasa in East Africa. They probably date from 1000 A.D. when a ruling prince from Shiraz ar- rived from Persia and made numerous treaties with the Negro rulers along the coast. There arose several great cities at Kilwa out of the resultant Persian-Negro civilization. @ The Right Honorable L. S. Amery, I:nglish Secretary of State for the Do- minions, has been visiting in South Africa. In Negro Basutoland he was received by the white commissioner, the Paramount Chief Griffith and other chiefs. Mr. Amery also visited the protectorate of Bechuanaland. 19 5 A IETS ET I TS CASTS ELI EERE ERIS PO RA IF Sr eee iiacichaesindielaibihesia = S oe com = ie ii inns hai allt es teen nena ant “aa ara nia ia i a cl sone + = saree ne

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a OUNTEE CULLEN'S “Carol- ing Dusk”, (.Harpers’, $2.50), is the fourth anthology of Negro Ameri- can poetry to appear in the last five years. The others were: James W. Johnson’s “Book of American Negro Poetry”, (1922); Robert T. Kerlin’s “Negro Poets and Their Poems”, (1922); and White and Jackson’s “Anthology of Verse by American Ne- groes”, (1924). It is astounding to find so little duplication. Of the poets represented in Cullen, twenty-eight are not mentioned by Johnson, chiefly be- cause they had not begun to write, while many of the poems in Cullen are later works of the older poets. This points to a virility and new birth of Negro literature. As the author says: “This anthology, by no means offered as the anthology of verse by Negro poets, is but a prelude, we hope, to that fuller symphony which Negro poets will in time contribute to the national literature and we shall be sadly disappointed if the next few years do not find this collection entirely out- moded”. The editing is delicately and discreetly done and the self-written biographies add much to its charm. Alain Locke and Montgomery Gregory have edited “Plays of Negro Life”, (Harpers’, $5.00), which sup- plies a wide demand. The authors were associated in pioneer work in dramatics at Howard University some years ago. Mr. Locke says in his in- troduction: “This anthology garners the yield of this experimental and ground-breaking decade as far as the one-act play is concerned, and in that form, which has been the bulk of the recent development, presents the worth- while repertory of the Negro Theatre to date. Here really is a new province in our national: literature. From op- posite approaches, there has been a not- able collaboration between the Negro play-wright attempting, on the one side, to advance Negro drama as such and to provide the talent of the Negro actor with a fit vehicle and a native medium and, on the other side, the quest of modern American realism for new material and a deeper, firmer grip upon the actualities of American life. Half the plays in this volume repre- sent one wing of this advance, and half, the other”. Among the writers represented are the white O’Neill, Torrence and Green, while among the colored are Wilson, Matheus, Spence. Toomer, Richardson and Johnson. The editing 20 "THE BROWSING READER re Cullen’s “Caroling Dusk”, Lock and Montgomery’s “Plays of Negro Life” and other books. O———— and proof reading in this volume leave something to be desired. There are many obvious slips. Aaron Douglas has decorated both these volumes with his usual arresting skill. The fourth edition of Woodson’s “Negro in our History”, (The’ Asso- ciated Publishers, 1927), is a mighty volume of 616 pages; too large by far for a school text book, but excellent for college and home reference. It has become the best handy encyclopedia of the Negro in America that one could buy. Walter Fleming’s history of the “Freedmen’s Savings Bank’’, ( Univer- sity of North Carolina Press, $2.00), is a story of philanthropy and fraud told by a man who is no friend of Negroes but more than willing to ex- pose with dispassionate impartiality this disgraceful episode. No Negro should be ignorant of these facts. Steiner and Brown’s study of the “North Carolina Chain Gang” from the same press, ($2.00), is an excel- lent detailed study of local crime and punishment. It is depressing but ought to form a basis of intelligent reform. W. E. Walling’s “The Mexican Question”, (Robins Press, $2.00), de- fends this true thesis: “If we inter- vene or interfere in Mexico the world will conclude that America’s foreign policies are to be made henceforth by the business interests and that the peo- ple have either been mastered or have voluntarily abdicated. From that mo- ment every nation would be on its guard against us and ready to combine and use every means to prevent fur- ther encroachments and the further aggrandizement of American capital. Already the economic rapprochement of France and Germany is largely ac- counted for, as the German Foreign Minister Stresemann, pointed out in his Nobel Peace Prize speech, by the desire of these European nations ‘to de- fend themselves from oppression and absorption’ by this new extra European Power. “That way madness lies.” W. E. B. D. IN THE MAGAZINES LOWLY and surely the ideals of the South have seeped into In- diana. The Literary Digest for Oc- tober 22 ‘carries a short résumé of “The Gary School Strike” in which 1400 white high school students rebelled against the presence of 24 colored ones. The attitude at Gary, the article states, is no better than the heathen caste sys- tem of India and should not be treated as an insentient prank of school chil- dren but as a sinister adult movement motivated by the Ku Klux Klan. Ernestine Rose writes on “Books and the Negro” in the Library Jour- nal for November 1. As a study of the relation of the library to the col- ored reading public, the article is not particularly sagacious. The Harlem public library, situated in the heart of New York City’s black belt, Miss Rose says, caters to college students, research workers, anthropologists and sociologists. The author believes that the Negro is helping to settle his prob- lem by getting more and better in- formation about himself. The Yale Review for October car- ries “Africa in the 20th Century” by Evans Lewin. It is a plea to America to put her finger too into the African pie and pull out a plum. Africa, says Mr. Lewin, especially in the tropical portion of the continent, with its vast undeveloped resources, stands open for the exploitation of the world. James Weldon Johnson in Century for November discusses the motives be- hind “The Practices of Lynching”. Lynching, he says, can no longer be laid to the alleged criminality of the Negro; it is a relic of slavery and is a manifestation of the attitude of the stronger race toward the group it de- sires to control. This has been proven time and again when the causes of a horrible mob murder have been re- vealed. “What did the ‘darky’ do?” “My God, man, he went to the front door and asked Mrs. Smith for a drink of water!” The “Our Rostrum” section of the Novembér Forum carries “Notes on the Negro”, a letter written by Roark Bradford, a Southerner who has not been influenced by Chapel Hill. Mr. Bradford divides the race into three groups: the “nigger”, or, in more de- fining form, the laborer; the “colored person”, who is not insensible to the injustices heaped upon him, but who is incapable of (Turn to page 30) Tue Crisis

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THE FAR HORIZON

THE LITTLE DEAD BLACK- BIRD HE London Evening News pub- lishes an interview with Flor- ence Mills’ London manager: “Florence Mills, who was born un- der a dancing star, will dance no more. That sudden, dazzling smile of hers, which had always a hint of pathos about it, that impish face and smooth, shin- ing-black hair, those slender limbs that moved instinctively to rhythm—they will not charm any audience again. She is dead, a genius of thirty-two. “Somehow the news of her death in New York does not surprise one as perhaps it should. As one remembers her—and how she conquered London in ‘Blackbirds’—it is the note of tragedy that comes clearest, a touch of sadness which tinged ev- erything she did. “In her gayest song there was that haunting un- dertone. Always, everywhere, she was conscious of the tragic fate of the Negro race. * * * “My last mem- ory of her, before she left England, is of riding with her on one of her secret rides of charity around London. “It was mid- night. She leaned back in a corner of the great car, huddled in a coat so big that only her eyes showed, gleaming. Her Negro husband —cheerful, careless U. S$. Thompson— sat beside her. We drove along the Embankment. - “At every seat, with its pathetic ar- ray of human wreckage, we stopped. She pressed money into her husband’s hand. He stepped out, and gave it to those men and women without a word. “And so, silently, we drove on. a “She danced for her race. She sang and acted and lived for her race. “She wanted to spur on her people by example,” said Mr. Cochran, today. “She proved that she herself was a great genius, and she urged her race to rise. “I cannot ever forget the night a few of us gave a dinner to the ‘Blackbirds’ company. I had proposed her health, had spoken of her as a wonderful ac- tress. Then she rose to reply. January, 1928 “Her little voice came to us with the pathetic note that seemed always hidden in it. It said nothing in answer to my praise. It said, ‘I belong to the National Association for the Advance- ment of Colored People’—and it spoke of that only. “Tears came—we somehow couldn't help it—into our eyes. a a “T shall never forget the night her show opened in London. The audience had come prejudiced against coloured performers. I knew it and expected a row. Five or six burly fellows of mine were there ready to deal with it. “A noisy opening number —you re- member it?—and then came Florence Mills. She walked on, in the silence,

New Postage Stamps of the Belgian Congo dressed in ragged clothes. In that tiny, plaintive voice of hers’ she sang “The Sleepy Hills of Tennessee’. “You could have heard a pin drop. The atmosphere changed in a flash. The hostility melted out of it. And the house came down in torrents and cheers. “She was among the first six artists in the world—a great actress and a great woman. Her death has hit me more than I can say.” THE CHALLENGE OBERT T. KERLIN writes in the World Outlook, Geneva, Switzerland: “The greatest challenge that ever confronted the statesmen of any coun- try’: I repeat a commonplace. But I have no sooner written the words than I think of India, Egypt, South Africa, China, the Philippines, and all the South and Central American repub- lics. Let its relative importance alone, then, and consider only some of its aspects. The present outlook as regards in- ter-racial relations in the United States holds forth the promise of better things and the threat of worse, depending on the region contemplated. In the South: vast improvement, attended by occasional set-backs—such as the revival of lynch- ing in 1926; in the North: increasing friction, uncertain race alienation. The enlightened American Negro is identifying his interests with the inter- ests of all the peoples of African descent in every land and clime. He is studying world politics, and his horizon encom- passes the five continents and seven seas. Of this fact the supreme Caucasian mind may well take thought. One further word of caution. It per- tains to the cine- ma. The day of caricaturing the Negro is passing in America: is Europe to be en- tertained by a racial slander that America has gained the wis- dom to repudiate ? One may as well trust the cinema for a true picture of the cowboy. Against the aver- age American tourist another - caution might be whispered. He and the cinema are about on a par with respect to conscience and cul- ture. One’s caricature is as grotesque as the other’s. The solution of the problem? Edu- cation. The education of the Whites. HEALTH HE Weekly Bulletin of the Chi- cago Department of Health has this article by the commissioner: In July, 1926, I made a public an- nouncement that I was anxious next to attack one of the great healih prob- lems facing the city of Chicago; namely, the high sickness and death rates among the Negroes of Chicago. The facts were laid before Aldermen Anderson, Jackson and Cronson and their cooperation was asked in securing funds to finance a fact-finding survey on the health conditions of the Negro in Chicago. At a meeting of the Finance Committee it was voted to provide funds 21

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for the survey. This action of the Finance Committee was concurred in by the Council and the active work of the survey conducted by a Negro staff was begun May 2, 1927, and completed on July 29, 1927. This survey was con- ducted under the direction of Dr. H. L. Harris, Jr., and an Advisory Com- mittee made up of eminently able, fair- minded and representative persons un- der the chairmanship of Dr. I. S. Falk. The results of this three-months’ sur- vey have been studied and the report and recommendations have been pre- sented to me. It is my privilege to present to the public a few of the principal facts brought out in the report: The Negro death rate in Chicago is twice that of the city as a whole. These rates figured on the basis of 3,048,000 total population and 160,000 Negro population, for 1926, are 11.68 per 1,000 for the entire city and 22.8 per 1,000 for the Negroes; the respective rates for infant mortality are 66.6 per 1,000 live births reported for the entire city and 94.7 per 1,000 live births reported to Negro mothers. Had the city rate of 66.6 applied to the 4,341 Negro ba- bies born in 1926, 123 of the 409 who died during the first year of life would have been saved. .The largest losses of life among Ne- groes are from highly preventable dis- eases, viz.: tuberculosis, pneumonia and the diseases of infancy. The communities in which Negroes re- side in largest numbers are poor in health-serving agencies. Furthermore, not all institutions existing in these com- munities extend their services to Ne- groes. The Negro population of Chi- cago may be expected to increase. This change will probably be hastened by the economic upheaval due to the Missis- sippi flood, and the mechanization of agriculture. The Negro and Mexican at present furnish the largest sources of cheap labor in Chicago. When they first arrive in Chicago they usually live under conditions which constitute pro- nounced health hazards and which de- serve attention. HAMPTON LETTER comes from Phoebus, Virginia: I am herewith enclosing clippings from students expelled from Hampton Institute in consequence of the recent upheaval there. I am not sure that the statements of these students have in any other way come to your notice. I want to congratulate you upon your article in the Nation. I have been a neighbor of Hampton Institute for the past 28 years and I am thoroughly convinced that the out- side public is not fully acquainted with the policies of Hampton Institute espe- cially with regard to the relationship of the races there. I have felt for a long time that some disinterested edu- cator or publicist should learn the facts regarding the Hampton Institute and set them forth to the public. I hope that you will further investigate condi- 22 tions, and as you have done with regard to other schools, give the public the full benefit of your knowledge. A student is now charged with feloni- ous assault upon a white instructor who hails from North Carolina. From all I can learn he will hardly get justice in the courts here unless strong influ- ence is brought to bear. I wish you would call the attention of the N. A. A. C. P. to this case. I am of the opinion that this Association would feel justified in aiding this boy in making the proper defense. This is one of the clippings: During the recent trouble at Hamp- ton, a student came to the writer and said: “I agree with you fellows abso- lutely, but I am within a few months of my degree and I cannot afford to say anything or to take part.” Today that student is at Hampton observing the danger signal on the surface,, but inwardly Such people are the kind whom Hampton welcomes with jout- stretched hands. She may desire that kind of docility, but she has had more of it than she will ever have again. The young Negro of today realizes the fact that he cannot afford to sell his man- hood to any institution for a college degree. During the difficulty of Octo- ber 8 to 31, which some have called “The Glorious Revolution” many Hamp- ton degrees were given up with a smile. Who would not smile when he has the opportunity of making such an easy se- lection as choosing between manhood and a college degree. There can be a man without a college degree; but there can be no college degree without a man. : Another letter comes from North Carolina: Dear Sir: As a member of the Hampton strike committee I want to take this oppor- tunity of thanking you for so. clearly expressing the true statements and fun- damental reasons underlying the Hamp- ton strike situation. As far as I have been able to see, most publications have given some rather vague, and in some cases, rather distorted facts concerning the matter. The December issue of Tue Crisis, however, arrived at what I consider the very essence and roots of the affair. In this matter THE Crisis alone has merited its name as a true and unbiased—voice of the people. I feel sure that each member of the Hampton strike committee will feel just as strongly as I do the very great ser- vice that THe Crisis has done us in clearing this matter in the minds of the reading public. I have been following the members of the committee ever since we were dismissed from Hampton and, so far as I have been able to learn, practically all the schools have closed their doors to them. Following along the line of the December Crisis, I want to agree that this is indeed very unfortunate; but, I wish to say that all the schools have not been so narrow as to exclude the members that took part in Hamp- ton’s strike—4. & T. College has dealt quite liberally with the striking stu- dents. After two of us, members of that strike committee, were able to get statements from Hampton saying that Hampton would offer no objections to our entering, A. & T. College cheer- fully admitted us. I think that it should be known that at least one school has been able to find it in its heart to give the students, who fought for better con- ditions at Hampton, another chance. Further, as a member of the com- mittee, I feel that Hampton owes us more generous consideration than it has given us. In the first place, whereas the members of the committee were not the arch rebels and traitors, the despoil- ers and destroyers that .Hampton has seemed disposed to picture us in its mind; and since this said committee was elected by the students themselves; and since this committee was the only body on the Hampton campus that was able to maintain order and prevent the whole- sale chaos and destruction that. could have followed in the wake of the strike, Hampton has treated the committee which protected it when it- was unable to protect itself in a manner not to re- flect any of the goodwill of the commit- tee members upon it. I want to beg your pardon for hav- ing written so much and hope that this long letter has not seriously incon- venienced you in your work. Thank you both for the excellent articles in the December Crisis and for taking the time to read this letter. ART IN MUSIC HICAGO has had a week of Negro art which culminated with a concert in Orchestra Hall. Herman Devries in the Chicago American says: The Negro race was ably represented last. night by a concert at Orchestra Hall,. interpreted entirely by Negro ar- tists, who offered an ambitious program of standard music and of spirituals, these latter sung by the Fisk Jubilee Singers. The “star” of the early part of the concert was without doubt Mme. Lillian Evanti, coloratura soprano, whose recital appearance at the Eighth Street Theater some time ago was a distinct success. Mme. Evanti’s sing- ing yesterday seemed to me even bet- ter than at her local debut. Her colora- tura facility is uncommonly good, the trill steady and even, so that the “Lakme” bell song was carried through effectively. But with the Handel “Care Selve” she was well-nigh impeccable. The style had classic serenity, excellent technique and softly modulated tone. Miss Hazel Harrison, who was praised by this department when she played under the tutelage of Victor Heinze, was down for three chorales by Bach-Busoni and a Bach-Petri con- certo. Clarence Cameron White, whose book of spirituals came in for para- graphs of laudation in this column not long hence, played the “Vitali Ciaccona,” and I must admit that his talents as adapter and composer outrank his gifts as a violinist. (Turn to page 31) THE Crisis . oe 2d Ciba Bich ae Sits JOE mo Se waa i Ler eS lo

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ini ‘ Re 5. ae - ee onset ners holes Sad nah oe Fostacrife DEBIT AND CREDIT, 1927 — HE American in account World. Negro with the Assets The White Primary Case. Louisiana Segregation Case. 12,000 college students and 1,662 graduates. The New Hinton Test. The Fourth Pan-African Congress. The Congress Colonial Oppression. Four Negro Plays. Florence Mills in Eng- land and Josephine Baker in France. Krigwa Players in Belasco Contest. Anthony Overton, Spingarn Medallist. Pickens and Du Bois in Russia. Endowment of Fisk. A Negro Trustee at Lin- coln. 15 books by Johnson, Cul- len, Hughes, Ovington, Dett, Locke, Gregory, Dab- ney, Bullock, Balch, Olivier. Liabilities The Passing of George Forbes, Florence Mills, Agnes Work, Albertus Brown, C. M. Battey, Alonzo Herndon, Tiger Flowers and Sir Harry Johnston. : The Lynching of 15 human beings. Sacco and Vanzetti. The Episcopal Church and Oko- lona. The Red Cross and the Flood. Hampton. May we explain any cryptic items? Or what have we forgotten? Write us. against the 13th EXCLUSION N Czarist Russia the number of Jews admitted to universities was strictly limited. In Hungary they are mob- bing and beating the Jews to keep them out of college. In the United January, 1928 Rudolph and Julius Whitsell, Mt. Vernon, III. States at Harvard, Columbia and such institutions underground methods are used to limit the number of Jews and Negroes admitted. But Butler Col- lege, Indianapolis, goes back to the open and honest methods of Czarist Russia. Butler is “conceived by Chris- tian influences and dedicated to the dispensation of a religious education, fitting men for Christian living’. A few years ago it had practically no Negro students. ‘Then as the number of Negroes increased in the high schools of Indianapolis a considerable number of them went to Butler. Last year Butler graduated twelve Negro students. This seems to have alarmed the authorities and this year they have announced that only ten colored students will be received each year. One can understand racial reactions due to crime, pov- erty .and laziness, but the exclusion of ambitious, young students from institutions of learning, supported by pub- lic benevolence and “Chris- tianity”, merely on account of race and color, is a con- tradiction of every known principle of democracy and religion. TSANA ET those who would be wise watch Tsana. Tsana is a lake in North- east Africa; a little lake, less than fifty miles wide; but out of Tsana and the hills of Abyssinia wanders in a great curve the blue Nile; and away down at Khar- tum, the blue Nile joins the white Nile which has flowed already a thousand miles from the Great Lakes; and these two together march down through Egypt making the Nile of history. The white Nile and the Nile be- low Khartum, England has grabbed. But the blue Nile belongs to Abyssinia. Eng- land would like to dam it and use its waterpower, but the Abyssinians are blocking them as they have blocked them before. They are flirting with American manu- facturers and American capital to build that dam and England is sol- emnly warning America not to dare touch Tsana. Watch Tsana. SOUTH CAROLINA UR report of schools in South Carolina was published before we had the 58th Annual Report of the State Superintendent of Education covering the scholastic year 1925-26. The state received during that year $18,522,379 for education. Of this it paid out in salaries $8,461,909 to 23 NRE ee ee ae er ET ee ee eee pice kama. tin fini aS i i tN tm nm ‘

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white teachers and $1,307,788 to col- ored teachers. The white schools re- ceived $366,942 worth of furniture and equipment, while the Negro schools received $21,874. White pu- pils were transported to and from school at a cost of $471,489, while Negroes got along with $795. The grounds, buildings with repairs and land for white schools cost $2,899,- 412 and for Negro schools $266,566. The total expenditure for all school purposes was, for whites $14,673,719 and for Negroes $1,655,652! The average attendance in white schools was 182,137 and Negro schools 163,- 245. The white schools ran 171 days; the Negro schools 144 days. And the per capita expenditure, according to average attendance, was $80.55 for white pupils and $10.20 for colored pupils! If these figures, brazenly published in cold print by the state of South Carolina, do not form a basis for an appeal to the Supreme Court of the United States for justice, then there is no justice in the courts. W ARLEY HERE is a man down in Louis- ville, Kentucky, named William Warley. He is a young man and brave and he has fought hard and tenaciously for the rights and self-re- spect of the Negro race. It was War- ley that smashed the Segregation Or- dinance in Louisville; it was Warley that attacked lynching, whether by mobs or courts; and above all, it was Warley that tried to pound the fact into the heads of black voters that until they had courage and sense enough to vote for men and not for parties, for Democrats who helped them and against Republicans who flouted them, their right to vote would amount to nothing. Today William Warley is heart- broken. He is bowed down with dis- couragement because a mob of his own people, drunk and disorderly, smashed his printing office on election night. Why did they do this? Because the dirty Republican machine of Ken- tucky, which for a generation has treated Negroes like dogs, had won a victory in the election over the Democrats, who have treated Negroes just as badly but with more cause for they receive no Negro votes. But cheer up, Warley, and fight on. If every leader of muddle-headed hu- manity threw up the sponge because the fools whom they were trying to guide would not be guided, there would not be a single popular leader in the world today. z But you who read this are not fools. You are intelligent and thoughtful. You know Warley was right. You know that until American Negroes 24 learn to follow the advice of men like Warley they can never win. Very good. Now what are you doing to encourage men like Warley and fur- nish them a decent living while they fight on? What is your community doing to make young black men and women choose to fight the good fight of faith rather than be the most suc- cessful gambler in Louisville or New York? When your son and your friends’ sons look about for a career will they be encouraged by what they see and hear to- fight with men like Warley, to sacrifice and struggle, to be honest, frank, true and forthright ; or will they choose the easiest way: tc fawn and surrender, to get money and plenty of it by any method not too dangerous and then to turn and sneer at “race leaders”? If that is the public opinion of young Negroes in your home and in your group and in your city, you are responsible for it. You have lynched Warley’s spirit and your race is God damned. EAR SIR: A week or so ago I had the op- portunity of glancing through an issue of Tue Crisis for the first time. Ap- parently you are decidedly in favor of Negro equality with the white race in every respect. Considering you an authority in your field, I am making the following queries in hopes that you may find time to answer them. I should like to encorporate your statements in a term paper, if possible. First: do you consider the white and black races to be naturally on an equal footing intellectually and morally? (Disregarding the possibly artificial color discrimination prevalent in the South). Second: is the segregation of one race from another an incorrect and harmful custom? Do you advocate race amalgamation, or do you think the Negro has enough pride and con- fidence in his own race to wish to keep it distinct? Third: I have heard it said that un- less the white man keeps the upper hand on the Negro, the Negro will in- sist upon domineering as though a su- perior. They can not remain on an equal footing. In other words, one must always have the upper hand. Do you agree with this viewpoint? Fourth: do you advocate the return of Negroes to Africa for the purpose of permanent colonization? Why or why not? Fifth: should the Negro race as a whole “dig in” and work its way to the top as other races have done, or should it be accepted in all society be- cause of the eminence of a few Negro celebrities at the present time? Sixth: does race amalgamation bring out inferior tendencies in either or both uniting peoples? These perhaps sound meandering and not to the point, but they are . questions which are discussed warmiy and at length every week in our class rooms. Bernice E. Branp (San Diego, Cal.) My dear Madam: Answering your questions, I beg to say: (1) I consider the white and black races “potentially equal”. Of course, this leaves untouched the question as to what you mean by “white” and “black” races and what anybody would mean by “potentially equal”. (2) I consider attempted race segregation harmful because it is in- creasingly impossible under the’ pres- ent organization of the civilized world. I neither advocate nor oppose race amalgamation. I accept it as a fact as old as humanity. It is none of my business and none of yours if two peo- ple wish to get married who are sane, healthy and of full age. If we try to stop such marriages because they do not please us the result is more harmful than the marriage could pos- sibly be. Whatever pride or self-con- fidence the Negro race has or may have in America, he has found it im- possible to protect his women from the lust of your fathers, brothers, hus- bands and sons. The only way to make a race self-protecting, in its pride is not to degrade it, disfranchise it and insult it. (3) I do not believe that the only relations between men or groups of men are the relation of master and serf, ruler and ruled. (4) I do not advocate the return of Negroes to Africa nor the return of white people to Europe. I believe that the world belongs to its inhabit- ants and that if an Englishman wishes to migrate to America or a Negro to Africa both should have the right to do so under such general rules of phys- ical health and economic opportunity as could be laid down by fair and just men. (5) I believe that all men, white and black, should be accepted and rated according to their individual ac- complishment. (6) Race amalgamation “brings out” nothing. Everything depends upon the social environment of the offspring and the parents. W. E. B. Du Bors LINCOLN HEN, last year, THe Crisis in- cluded Lincoln University among the liabilities (T'urnto page 34) THE Crisis ee — a hey A irae i iS APL R Rec na do Scm “a C he

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; in- rsity 34) RISIS sey hee w Li ARPT RA ATLANTA UNIVERSITY IONEER in liberal education. P Advantages of a growing city and fraternal relations with other institu- tions of higher learning. College and Normal Departments. Practice teach- ing in grade and High School work. Graduates make good in Northern Uni- versities. FOR INFORMATION, Address The President, Atlanta University ATLANTA, GA. MorEHOUSE COLLEGE (Formerly Atlanta Baptist College) ATLANTA, GA. College, Academy, Divinity School N institution famous within recent years for its emphasis on all sides of manly development—the only insti- tution in the far South devoted solely to the education of Negro young men. Graduates given high ranking by greatest northern universities. Debat- ing, Y. M. C. A.,, athletics, all live fea- tures. FOR INFORMATION, Address JOHN HOPE, President 1870 1927 Clark University ATLANTA, GEORGIA “Culture for Service” QVER 100 acres of beautiful campus. Twelve build- ings with new $215,000.00 Administration Buil.i- ing with modern Chapel, Laboratories and Gymnasium Clark University offers unusual educational oppor tunities to aspiring young men and women. Terms reasonable. Departments: College of Arts and Sri ence, Normal Training School, College Preparatory. Music and Home Economics. For information address M. S. DAVAGE, President Talladega College TALLADEGA, ALABAMA Sixtieth Year F. A. SUMNER, President UP-TO-DATE in its equipment. High standards of scholarship. Thoroughly Christian in its ideals. DEPARTMENTS: Theological Seminary, College of Arts and Science, offering special courses in Educa- tion, Social Service, Music, Business Ad- ministration, Journalism and Physical Train- ing. Training School for Nurses. Six hundred students, 45 teachers, 800 acres, 30 buildings, electric lights, steam heat. Beautiful and healthful location in the foothille of the Blue Ridge. An ideal place for young men and women. For further information address THE PRESIDENT Knoxville College KNOXVILLE, TENN. OPPPP PPP PPS OP PPP PPP PPP PPPOE OPPPPOD Beautiful Situation and Healthful Location. Best Moral and Spiritual Environment. Splendid Intellectual Atmosphere. Noted for Honest and Thorough Work. i Fully Accredited for Teachers’ Certificates by State Board. Home-like Dormitory Life with Careful Supervision. Live Athletic and Literary Interests. COURSES: College, Normal, Hi School - hold, Arts and Music. - co Expenses Very Reasonable Catalog and other literature sent ‘free upon request. Address: J. KELLY GIFFEN, President. KNOXVILLE, TENN. Jan uary, 1928 HOWARD UNIVERSITY Atlanta University, Atlanta, Ga. HOWARD UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON, D. C. Founded by General O. O. Howard Crd MORDECAI W. JOHNSON, President EMMETT J. SCOTT, Scretary-Treasurer Purpose ai @ provide the Twelve Million Colored People of the United States with College-trained and Professional Leaders through its Courses in the Arts, the Sciences, in Education, Public Health and Hygiene, Music, Engineering, Commerce and Finance, Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy, Religion and Law. Students May Enter for Collegiate Work at the Beginning of Any Quarter Asturias CMa. so icces candies September 26, 27, 28, 1927 Registration: 4 Winter Quarters 0... .cccccccssseccscesees January 3, 4, 1928 A ENN. cose inv waew wae noes mepemoire March 21, 1928 FOR CATALOG AND INFORMATION WRITE: F. D. WILKINSON, Registrar Washington, D. C. The NORTH CAROLINA COLLEGE for NEGROES Formerly the Durham State Normal School OFFERS THE FOLLOWING COURSES THE LIBERAL ARTS COURSE Leading to the A. B. Degree and offering sufficient work in Secondary Education to enable students to secure High School Teachers’ Cer- tificates, Class A, and High School Principals’ Certificates at the com- pletion of the course. THE SCIENTIFIC COURSE Leading to the B. S. Degree. THE PRE-MEDICAL COURSE A two-year pre-medical course preparing students for entrance into medical colleges will be given. SPECIAL COURSES IN COMMERCE AND MUSIC ——————-r» - — lo 2 The faculty consists of men and women from the best colleges and universities = the country and meets the requirements of the North Carolina College Con- erence. FOR CATALOG AND FURTHER INFORMATION ADDRESS: THE NortH CAROLINA CoLLEGE For NEGROES JAMES at parane DURHAM, N. C. TRAINING OF KINDERGARTEN TEACHERS ATLANTA UNIVERSITY St. Mary’s School An Episcopal boarding school for girls, Professional Course of Two Years under the direction of the sisters of St. ‘Milde Mary. Address: THE SISTER-IN-CHARGE, 6138 Germantown Avenue, Philadelphia, Pa. 2 5 ee Stee ent to cn cee cena neal ae eee puna en tcate poh shuimneanale pA so ncn het (adie isan ieee cranes tad * thedetiie oe ine x Ra ES oN

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26 Hampton Institute we w oe ow with Meharry Medical College -:-:- Registered with New York Board of Regents of Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy A CLASS **A™ COLLEGE and Nurse Training . Two years (Class One) College work wired for admission w the Deparument of Medicine and of ieee *ligh School or Normal ° tion from a four years’ Departments of Pharmacy and Nurse For catalog end application blank address: Hampton, Virginia THE COLLEGE 1 DIVISION OF EDUCATION—four- year high-school teacher’s course leading to degree of Bachelor of Science; and two- year courses for primary, intermediate and upper-grade teachers. DIVISION F AGRICULTURE —four- year course leading to degree of Bache- lor of Science. DIVISION OF HOME ECONOMICS — four-year course leading to degree of Bachelor of Science; and two-year course. DIVISION OF BUSINESS—four-year course leading to degree of Bachelor of Science and two-year course—aims to prepare men and women for business sitions or to teach business subjects. DIVISION OF BUILDING CONSTRUC- TION—four-year course leading to de- gree of Bachelor of Science; and two- year course—aims to train skilled builders. 6 DIVISION OF LIBRARY SCIENCE— one-year professional course—aims to prepare librarians for normal schools, colleges and branch libraries in city systems. 7 THE SUMMER SCHOOL—courses lead- ing to degree of Bachelor of Science and State Certificates. THE ACADEMY A standard four-year accredited high school, preparing for college entrance. F TRADE SCHOOL Four-year courses in each of twelve trades. JAMES E. GREGG, Principal HAMPTON INSTITUTE, Virginia JOHN J. MULLOWNEY, M.D., President of Meharry Medical College, NASHVILLE, TENN. School required for admission to the THERE IS AN ESPECIALLY GREAT DEMAND FOR OUR DENTISTS. Agriculturai and Technical College of North Carolina AT GREENSBORO An “A” Grade College An Agricultural Department Courses leading to degree of B.S. in Agri- culture. : A Technical Department Courses leading to the degree of B.S. in Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engi- neering and Architectural Engineering. A Science Department Courses leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science. é A Department of Education Courses leading to the degree of B.S. in Education, for the training of Vocational Teachers. A Trade Department Offering the following trades: Bricklaying, Plastering, Carpentry, Cabinet Making, Automall Mechanics, Machine Shop Prac- tice, Tailoring, Shoe Making and Repairing, Plumbing, Electricity, Forging. A Standard Technical High School A High School which prepares students for College and for Vocations. A Strong Business Department Courses in Shorthand, Typewriting, Book- keeping, Commercial Law. MODERN EQUIPMENT SPLENDID LOCATION MODERATE EXPENSES FALL TERM BEGINS SEPT. 15, 1927 For further information, address F. D. BLUFORD, President A. & T. COLLEGE Greensboro, N. C. The TUSKEGEE NORMAL and gy —— INDUSTRIAL INSTITUTE ~~ Founded by Dr. Booker T. WASHINGTON Offers Exceptional Opportunities to Negro Youth for Thorough Education in High School and College Courses and in Agriculture, Mechanical Industries and in Industries for Women. THE DEPARTMENT OF MECHANI. 4 Teach in Element CAL INDUSTRIES for Boys comprises Ssckioe of Whaieniel Tekaumiee nd te forty trades including Carpentry rick - laying, Auto-Mechanics, Applied Electric- ity, Photography, Printing, Machine Shop Practice and Tailoring. THE WOMAN’S INDUSTRIES include Home Economics — Courses in Foods, Clothing, Millinery, Applied Art, Launder- ing, Household Management in addition to Home Crafts and Ladies’ Tailoring. THE AGRICULTURAL DEPART- MENT with 2,000 acres of land offers a comprehensive four-year course in Second- ary Agriculture and a full four-year col- lege course in Advanced Agriculture to train young men and women as Farm Demonstration and Home Demonstration Agents, Teachers of Agricult d Scientific Farmers. cotinine al TWO-YEAR COLLEGE COURSES are offered in Education for the training of | | ¥ i Teachers of Mechanical Industries and in Business Training. FOUR-YEAR COLLEGE COURSES leading to the Bachelor of Science degree are offered in Agriculture and in Home Economics. THE JOHN A. ANDREW MEMO. RIAL HOSPITAL and Nurse Training School provides a three-year course in Nurse Training which qualifies its gradu- ates for registration in all southern states. A SUMMER SCHOOL FOR TEACH- ERS, of ten weeks, divided into two terms, beginning June Ist and meeting the re- quirements of the Boards of Education of all southern states. Location Unsurpassed Information furnished upon application Robert R. Moton, Principal William H. Carter, Treasurer TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE, ALABAMA The Flood, the Red Cross, etc. (From page 7) in her head. Sgt. McIntyre, Sgt. White, Pvt. Waxon. Impudence is a sin which cannot be forgiven in a Negro. Sheffield Col- lins, a young colored boy, was so im- pudent as to refuse to box to amuse the soldiers. He was also accused of stealing the oranges which were sent for free distribution among the refu- gees. The soldiers, by the way, helped themselves liberally to the oranges which were donated to the refugees, so that if anyone could be said to “steal” it was surely they rather than the refugee. Here is the statement Sheffield Collins is reported to have made: Witnesses: STATEMENT OF SHEFFIELD COLLINS, 104 Lake Street, Greenville, Miss. I, the undersigned, a refugee from Greenville, Miss., on last Friday morning was told to box another Negro boy by one of the soldiers on duty at Fort Hill. I replied that I did not want to box because my Mother had told me not to. This soldier told me that he was going to make me box because I had stolen some oranges. I had two oranges in my pocket that I had gotten out of the basket where they had been thrown away. One of the soldiers then said, “Go and get a case of oranges and make him eat them all”, but Col. Tom Shaw pulled the gloves off of me and carried me down the hill, took my belt off and whipped me with it. I have had the above statement read to me and it is true and correct. SHEFFIELD COLLINS. STATEMENT OF Tom SHAW, Guardsman, Camp Fort Hill, May 14, 1927. I put the gloves on him and asked him if he was going to box and he told me “Hell, no”, and he was not going to box anybody. For two or three days he had been refusing to do anything I asked him to do. He was also very impudent about it, so I took him down under the hill and gave him a whipping, not be- cause he would not box but because he was so impudent and had been so for several days. And also because he had been stealing oranges and I took oranges out of his pockets several times. On this occasion he had two in his pocket, and oranges had already been issued to him before this time. His quota for the day was one orange, and he had eaten it. The two he had then was stolen. I hit him about five licks with his belt and he was not in any way injured. It is neces- sary to use some such means of punish- ment in order to keep order and discipline in the camp. Tom SHAw. In connection with the oranges con- tributed for the disaster sufferers is THE Crisis Pe ee — Mee rf,

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of ; 1 4 4 4 e oe ae 74 W. Rutland Sq., Boston, Mass. January, 1928 | Lincoln University Pioneer in Collegiate and Theological Education Accredited by the Association of Colleges of the Middle States and Maryland. OPIS TITSEF INCOLN Graduates are Leaders in the various professions and in all parts of the country. Address: Wm. Hallock Johnson, President LINCOLN UNIVERSITY CHESTER COUNTY PENNSYLVANIA VIRGINIA UNION UNIVERSITY RICHMOND, VIRGINIA RATED as a class A college by the State Boards of Education in Vir- ginia and North Carolina, In addition to the general college cur- riculum, work is offered in the follow- ing departments : Teachers College Pre-Medical Theological Law Commercial For additional information address THE PRESIDENT SHAW UNIVERSITY Founded 1865 Devoted exclusively to College and Theological work. “A” class college having a prestige in Ne- gro education. Given graduate standing b universities of the North. With no figh school, increasing emphasis is placed upon college standards and the promotion of col- lege spirit in scholarship and athletics. _ Degrees given: A.B., B.S., Th.B. and B.S. in Home Economics. Special attention is given to the training of teachers. Terms moderate. Send for catalog. Address: tk L. PEACOCK, Presi- dent, SHAW UNIVERSITY, RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA. JOHNSON C. SMITH UNIVERSITY (Formerly Biddle University) FOUNDED 1867 FOR MEN ONLY CLASS “A” College and High School, so recognized by the North Carolina State Board of Education. A Standard Theological Seminary. Member of the Association of Col- leges for Negro Youth. Large endowment. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, address H. L. McCROREY, President Charlotte, North Carolina The Ancrum School of Music Offers Courses in Piano, Pipe Organ, Violin, Voice, Theory, Solfeggio, Harmony, Composition. New England Conservatory method. Excellent faculty. Fine dormitory rooms. Director: MRS, ESTELLE ANCRUM FORSTER Graduate N.E.C., 1919-20. SEND FOR YEAR BOOK. ADDRESS: Paine College AUGUSTA, GA. Standard College Courses Approved Two-Year Normal Accredited Senior High School Up-to-Date Junior High School “To develop leaders you must have the best possible equipment for liter- ary training and that is what we are striving for at Paine College”, said one of the leaders of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. This Church contributes largely to the support of Paine College. se, at A Goop ScHooL aT REASONABLE RATES For further information, address RAY S. TOMLIN, President PAINE COLLEGE JUSTIN SANDRIDGE Fisk University IN THE CITY OF NASHVILLE TKO The College Accredited four year liberal arts college. With 12 major departments. Music Department College major leading to B.A. degree. Diploma in music. Graduate Department Graduate work in Chemistry, English, History, Philosophy and Sociology. a WINTER QUARTER OPENS January 2, 1928 CS For Particulars, Address THE DEAN Fisk University Nashville, Tenn. who by his financially and artistically successful recitals and large audiences of last and this season may rightly be acclaimed THE RACE’S PREMIER PIANIST will make a tour WEST and SOUTH in FEBRUARY, MARCH. Of his appearance Nov. 21, 1926, as soloist with the Boston Philharmonic Orchestra, when his playing accompanied by the orchestra of one hundred before an audience of eight thousand received not one word of adverse criticism but only praise in each critical report of the concert, the ‘Boston Globe” said,— “Very few pianists show the REMARKABLE MASTERY of their instrument and the GENUINE MUSICAL FEELING which distinguished Mr. Sandridge’s playing.” For recital engagements address:— H. C. HERSHOF, 1 HERMAN STREET, ROXBURY, MASS. Stenographers Efficiently Trained We teach shorthand that one can read and tran- scribe; students are taught to manipulate typewrit- ing machines by ‘‘touch’’ rapidly and accurately; business law jis fascinating: and our bookkeeping and filing system is unique. Winter term begins January 3, 1928. Write Edward T. Duncan, Prin- cipal, The Stenographers’ Institute, popularly known as Duncan’s Business School, 1227 §S. {7th St., Philadelphia. Pa. A larger building will be pur- chased in 1928. public meetings. Words by James Weldon Johnson. Music by J. Rosamond Johnson. Song, voice and piano—25c. Male or mixed voices—l15c Orders coming in from Coast to Coast for song, (40c); piano solo, (40c); orchestra, (75c); band, ($3.25); tenor banjo, (60c); quartette, (25c); violin solo, (40c). Broad- cast over 87 stations to 50 million listeners. THE FRANCIS E. W. HARPER GIRLS’ DORMITORIES 1424 Christian Street Philadelphia, Pa. Home Privileges and Special Rates to Students and Professional Women. MISS JESSIE M. WATKINS, Supt. THE NATIONAL HYMN Sung by choirs, choruses, quartets and singing so- cieties. Also at school and college commencements and a TET ee eee meerenee ears ~ ogneremscnrr rset ye sreneugesfmecoetnemamesiantt a > sot de eee a anh nina He Pe ge BI wake = pe = = COT aaa aal eae ill alee sa eal Se Asics as ar ce rene Serie

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CRT nei VIRGINIA NorRMAL AND INDUSTRIAL INSTITUTE (The A. and M. College) PETERSBURG, VIRGINIA Classed as an ‘‘A”’ College by an Accrediting Agency. THE COLLEGE OFFERS: 1. A carefully selected group of consecrated 2. Bight College Curricula leading to eight dis- tinct lines of achievement. 3. Four Norma! School la. 4. Five Curricula in the major trades. 5. A Vocational Curriculum in Agriculture. 6. An accredited high school Curriculum. 7. A well-organized music school. 8. Well equipped laboratories. % A none organization of the College Com- munity. 16. whelesome religious environment. ll. A high grade of work at moderate expense. For further information write te JOHN M. GANDY, President The Cardinal Gibbons Iustitute RIDGE, ST. MARY'S COUNTY, RYLAND on coos Ne Jerpece, ogres of Junior High School grade S ceed for the coming year. General Mechanics, Agriculture and Do- mestic Science are taught in courses. Living conditions simple, healthful, well- supervised. For further information, address Victor H. Daniel, Principal, Ridge, Maryland 28th Year Berean School PHILADELPHIA, PA. Co-educational Day and Night Sessions Trade School, Commercial- School Domestic Art School Correlated Academic Studies Fall Semester begins October 4, 1927 Write _Matthew Anderson, Principal 1926 South College Avenue, Philadelphia, Pa. Rust College GOING TO COLLEGE? Come to Rust College—Beautifully Located. Students from Fourteen States 2, —fo— College of Liberal Arts, Standard Normal, Home Economics, Music, Junior and Senior High Schools. Efficient Faculty. New Equipment fer Laborateries, Enlarged Library. Rates Reasonable For further information write President L. M. McCoy Holly Springs Mississippi an interesting incident. Captain Moser, then the commanding officer at Camp Louisiana, ordered a truck- load of these oranges (which were be- ing distributed free) to be dumped into a ravine and buried. Capt. Moser said they were unfit for consumptioi. This was denied at the time by a num- ber of enlisted men. Capt. Moser was at the time running the canteen at Camp Louisiana, in the success of which he had a personal interest. He sold oranges in this canteen and the enlisted men gossipped about this co- incidence. NDER an officer of this type it cannot be wondered at that abuses ot all kinds flourished. Drunkenness on duty was common. Bootleg whiskey was easily obtainable by the simple ex- pedient of trading for it quantities of Red Cross supplies from the kitchens. Guardsmen were accused of having insulted and attempted assault upon colored women. Upon “investigation” these accusations were reported as hav- ing no foundation in fact. The stories continued to be whispered and detailed accounts given. Protests were made by private citizens who had their facts from the conversation of the guards- men themselves. Nothing was estab- lished and no action was taken. Officers such as Capt. Moser seem to have been the rule. An exception was Lieut. May who was placed in charge at Camp Hayes early in June. The change in camp life after he took charge was so instant and complete that everyone who saw it remarked upon it for weeks afterward. Camp was “cleaned up” in every way. Rea- sonable rules were enforced. Arbit- rary and unnecessary rules were changed or abolished. From a noisy, unsanitary confusion camp Hayes be- came a clean, quiet and pleasant place. Had such an officer as Lieut. May been in charge of the colored camps it is possible that even there the worst abuses would have been discontinued. The Purple Flower (From page 11) night to be given at the birth. It may be my blood— it may be your blood—but everything has been given. The Us toiled to give dust for the body, books to guide the body, gold to clothe the body. Now they need blood for birth so the New Man can live. You have taken blood. You must give blood. Come out! Give it.’ And then fight him!” Finest Blood: “Ill go! And if I kill him?” Old Man: “Blood will be given!” Ba sp Blood: “And if he kills Old Man: “Blood will be given!” Finest Blood: “Can there be no St. Paul Normal and Industrial School LAWRENCEVILLE, VA. NorMat SCHOOL TraDE SCHOOL AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL HicH ScHoo. e feotonie | ong industrial instruction; a oh Christan Moral Sound eects wit tmosphere, h Trained Wand and Head, m ihe S ae of education at St. Paul's. THE NORMAL AND FOUR YEAR men SCHOOLS are fully accredited the Boards Education of Virginia, North Caroline institutions of hig ner learning. THE TRADE SCHOOL offers an unexcelled standard trree-year course in boys and four trades for girls, which fits them = become efficient workers in the trades of their ce. . THE AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL offers a standard -year —_ in practical theoretica) agriculture, oe & ing, y and anima! husbandry, which fits’ a student to become a practical farmer or farm demonstra Seereueren 1N ALL DEPARTMENTS ss EE, and is given by an experienced faculty le, earnest men and women from coln, Fisk and Atlanta being among the stitu- tions represented. A _ well equipped gymnasium ig for the prescribed course in physical edu- cation. THE SCHOOL HAS ) STRONG ATELETiC football, ball, DEPARTMENT. Baseha tennis and track com ;* tntereoilegtate sports. t is a member of the C. I. A. Fartiath ee, ,goene September, 1927. Rates For and other in- formation, “write te the, Principal: _ -™ REV. JAMES S&S. RUSSELL, D.D. Lawrenceville, Va. Bethune-Cookman College (Formerly The Daytona Normal and Industrial Inst.) DAYTONA BEACH, FLORIDA [LOCATED in the beautiful Halifax country on the East coast of Florida. An institution where opportunity is afforded for the highest and best in education. Offering courses in JUNIOR COLLEGE Normal Training School for Teachers College Preparatory S mecaAL work offered in Commerce, Music, Do- mestic Science and Art, Agriculture and Car- pentry. Athletics encouraged for Boys and Girls. ae Dormitory Facilities unsurpassed. FOR INFORMATION, Write to Mary McLeod Bethune, President 1882 1927 LANE COLLEGE Jackson, Tennessee A GROWING College with a splendid his- tory.and a bright future. It offers modern courses in Collegiate, Theological, Musical, College Preparatory, Teachers’ Training, Home Economics and Pre-Medical subjects. Proper standards of conduct as well as scholarship are maintained. Well equipped laboratories, dormitories with modern conveni- ences and facilities under positive Christian influences are supported. For further infor- mation address J. F. LANE, President, Jackson, Tennessee. THE Crisis a —————

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SPREADING THE GLAD TIDINGS! onde RN arc oo .s ame o ! kh, ae District of Columbia West Virginia -......_.. 86,345 ap OO es: , if Se ee eae . h 3 Kentucky 235,938 1 ; Michigan $1,878 a On November 17th MICHIGAN became the thirteenth State in the territory served by Victory Life. This territory is closely connected geographically, rich in natural re- A| | sources, possessed of varied, busy, industrial centers where larges numbers of Negroes on | live and find continuous employment. It would not be possible for “hard times” to : affect all this territory at any one time. In this territory the Victory Life Insurance Company gives employment to several hundred agents, office employees, and medical examiners, makes real estate loans = which enable Colored people to purchase more homes, has. paid more than $50,000.00 ; in three years to the beneficiaries of its policies, and supplies insurance protection al- ready for more than six thousand people for a total of more than nine million dollars. | ya Victory Life Insurance Company offers non-participating life insurance policies for all members of the family, with all modern provisions at reasonable premium rates. = o a More information may be had by writing directly to the Home Office VICTORY LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY Home Office: 3621 South State Street, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS “$200,000.00 Capital and the Only Negro Company operating under the Supervision of the New York Insurance Department” Policies may be secured from our agents or by mail anywhere in the United States. January, 1928

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omer ae MORGAN (COLLEGE John O. Spencer, President John W. Haywood, A.M., S.T.D., Dean CRS Calne town between North and South. COURSES:—Semester Credit System. A.B., B.S., and B.S. in Education degrees. Advanced courses in Education Certifi- cates for high school teaching. RATING:—Accredited by the Association of Colleges and Preparatory Schools for the Middle States and Maryland, by_ the State Board of Education in Maryland, and other States. POLICY :—Co-educational. FACULTY :—University trained specialists. SITE:—Eighty-five acres, beautiful scenery, athletic fields. DORMITORIES:—Equipped and supervised. SUMMER SCHOOL:—(1928) Six weeks, June 25th to August 3rd. ee OPEN:—September 23, 1927. REGISTRATION :—Sept. 23rd and 24th, 1927. INFORMATION :—Address Edward N. Wil- son, Registrar, Morgan College, Balti- more, Md. Wiley College MARSHALL, TEXAS M. W. DOGAN, President H. J. MASON, Executive Secretary Ideals, Traditions, Standards of the. Finest Quality Faculty composed of high grade teachers. Maintains following departments: College, Senior High School, Extension, Correspon- dence, Music, Commerce, Home Economics, Founda- tion for Study of Prohibition and the Negro both research and publicity phases. Offers abundant opportunity to students for train ing in qualities of leadership. Excellent student personnel, phere, wholesome student activities. Champ‘onship debating and athletic teams. Graduates admitted on approval to best universities Diploma recognized in number of states. For further information, write the Dean or REGISTRAR. LIVINGSTONE COLLEGE Founpep sy J. C. PRICE SALISBURY, N. C. CO-EDUCATIONAL RECENTLY RE-ORGANIZE PRESENTS VERY STRONG FACULTY Offers the Following Courses: THEOLOGICAL Hic ScHoor Liperat Arts ano SCIENCES Domestic Arts AND SCIENCES Commercial Music TEACHER TRAINING A Sepoet of Liberal Training with Distinct Religious Atmosphere All Athletics For Further Information Address W. J. TRENT, President James Edward Mason, Financial Secretary Florida Normal and Collegiate Institute ST. AUGUSTINE, FLORIDA (The Ancient City of Sunshine Land) Junior HicuH SENIor HicH TEACHER TRAINING Juntor Cotrece Courses Pre-MEDICAL AND VocaTIONAL CourSsES For further information address NATHAN W. COLLIER, Pres. 30 fine College atmos- other way—cannot this cup pass?” Old Man: “No other way. It cannot pass. They always take blood. They built up half their land on our bones. They ripened crops of cotton, watering them with our blood. Finest Blood, this is God’s decree: “You take blood—you give blood. Full measure—flooding full—over—over!” Finest Blood: “Vil go.” (He goes quickly into the shadow). (Far off soon you can hear him— his voice lifted, young, sweet, brave and strong): “White Devil! God speaks to you! through me! — Hear Him!—Him! Yoy have taken blood; there can be no other way. You will have to give blood! Blood!” (All the Us listen. All the valley listens. Nowhere ‘listens. All the White Devils listen. | Somewhere listens. Let the curtain close leaving all the Us, the White Devils, Nowhere, Somewhere, listening, listening. Is it time ?) N. A. A. C. P. Battle Front (From page 13) country, charging of- ficers of the Gary branch of the N. A. A. C. P. with membership in a “black Ku Klux Klan”. These charges met with the prompt denial of the officers in question and the public contempt which they deserved. They could not and did not hinder the united and re- sistless struggle of colored people un- der N. A. A. C. P. leadership in Gary in behalf of their fundamental rights. At present writing, there is every rea- son to believe the attempt at segrega- tion of Gary high school students, to be decisively defeated, and at a cost of less than $300 to date expended by the Gary branch. This speaks vol- umes, not only for the colored attor- neys who carried out a victorious fight on so small a sum, but also for the sentiment which stood behind them and backed them up in a Klan-preju- diced community. H. J. $ The Browsing Reader (From page 20) arriving at an intelli- gent means of combating them; and the ““Negro”—somewhere Mr. Brad- ford has learned that it is diplomatic at least to spell the word with a capi- tal letter—who is at best a poor imi- tator of the white man. And with this as a background, Mr. Bradford writes “River Witch”, the Negro story in the same issue of the Forum. It is a cheap presentation of hot passion in a lumber camp, where physical proxim- ity, ignorance and superstition bring immorality and death. Allen University Columbia, S. C. A Co-Educational Institution Offering Courses in THE JUNIOR COLLEGE FOR TEACHERS ARTS AND SCIENCES THEOLOGY MUSIC COMMERCE HOME ECONOMICS TEACHER TRAINING A SPECIALTY DEGREES: A.B., B.D., Th.B., A.B. in Education Approved by the State of South Carolina. Aided by the Slater Fund and the General Education Board. Facilities increased this year. DAVID H. SIMS, President BISHOP JOHN HURST, Chairman Trustee Board WANTED EVERYWHERE Good Auto Mechanics, Blacksmiths, Carpenters, Cooks, Seamstresses, Typists, Stenographers, Bookkeepers. Downingtown Industrial and Agricultural School DOWNINGTOWN, PA. (Under the Supervision of the Pennsyl- vania Department of Public Instruction.) SPECIALIZES in training good workers and good citizens and offers to boys and girls over thirteen years of age Healthy Climate Outside of City Faculty of College-trained Teachers Junior and Senier High School Courses Properly Supervised Athletic and Social Recreation For further information write J. H. N. WARING, JR. Principal Haven Ceachers College Teachers Cellege Senior High School Conservatory ef Music School of Business Junior High Secheol School of Heme Economies Training School Accredited Summer School for Teachers Beautiful Park-like Campus —_ poo nga pomtned 7 Physteal” Education intra-mural and Srar-catlegiete athletics Terms Reasonable For catalog or further information address J. Beverty F. SHaw, President MERIDIAN, MISSISSIPPI A PLA GIVES more laughs and puts more cash into the Treasury than any Entertainment that a Church or Club can have. Everybody likes to attend the Slabtown District Convention It is a scream and at the same time it is Sense— Because it teaches a number of good lessons. GET IT AND GIVE IT—PRICE 50c Miss Nannie H. Burroughs Author and Publisher LINCOLN HEIGHTS WASHINGTON, D. C. Teachers Wanted Session 1927 Teachers: Have you considered carefully the business side of your profession? Are you a member of Interstate Colored Teacher’s Agency? 50! NORTH THIRD ST., RICHMOND, VA. IF NOT, JOIN We find positions for you in any state you desire. Register at once. Don’t delay. J. H. Blackwell, Ph.D., Manager THE Crisis That Gets a Crowd and Gets the Money i ae atom odic Put pro Janua:

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Hartshorn Memorial College RICHMOND, VA. “In the Center of Things’’ A college with a great past and a t future. OT he only college situated in the center of the eastern states which is offering separate education to young women. ; Hartshorn has College, High School and Grammar School departments. Christian living and Christian train- ing are emphasized. SEND FOR CATALOG. Address President DAVID G. MULLISON THE CHEYNEY TRAINING ScHOOL FOR TEACHERS (A STATE NORMAL SCHOOL) CHEYNEY, PA. A PENNSYLVANIA State Normal School offering, in addition to the regular Normal Academic Course of two years, professional three year courses in Home Economics and Shop Work. A diploma from any of these courses makes a graduate eligible to teach in the public schools of Pennsylvania. For further information and catalog, write LESLIE PINCKNEY HILL, Principal CHEYNEY, PA. The Lincoln School for Nurses in the City of New York offers to young colored women having completed a four year high school and holding a diploma, a three years’ course of instruction in nursing. Capacity of hospital——420 beds. Post Graduate Course of six months to graduates of accredited schools. For information apply to: Superintendent of Nurses MISS S. J. FORD Lincoln School for Nurses New York, N. Y. Burrell Memorial Hospital Training School for Nurses ROANOKE, VA. eS State accredited. Three year course in general nursing. 50 bed hospital. Free tuition, board and room, text- books, uniforms; also monthly cash allowance. Ideal location, 1,000 feet above sea level. High School gradu- ates given preference. ——————_4 Write to, Ethel M. Bigham, R. N. Supt. of Nurses LS Dear Reader: Is THE CRISIS among the peri- odicals in the Reading Room of your. ublic Library ? If so, see that it is Properly displayed. If not, put it there. Subscription $1.50 per year. a tsa | J anuary, 1928 Perhaps one of the most superficial and reactionary articles we have found in months appears in the December is- sue of the Forum, under the title “Black Ballots in the White South”, by George F. Milton. Mr. Milton tries to prove that at bottom the popu- lar opinion that the Negro is deprived of his citizenship rights in the South is untrue! Quite as bad is the article by Fred- erick Palmer appearing in Liberty for November 19, declaring that “White Magic in Black Haiti” has been the salvation of that tropical land! After the reams written by white people on us pro and con, “our black folks” will be interested in “Our White Folks”, an article by George S. Schuyler in the American Mercury for December. Mr. Schuyler has done a good piece of work in this, pointing out the weaknesses, the pathos and the hu- mor of our position in the United States. If you have never breathed the nec- tared fragrance of the Haitian jungle, if the velvet blackness of a tropic night has never hung heavy about you, let Mark Barr describe these things to you in his article on “Roughing it in the Tropics” in the October issue of Atlantic Monthly. He takes you deep under the blue sea where warm-hued coral and gorgeously tinted sponges nestle close to the magic sea floor; and he makes you feel the pulse of the open Haitian country. Harlem glows in “Fire by Night” in the December issue of McClure’s. Rudolph Fisher again proves himself a tip-top story teller in this tale of gambling, religion and fighting. We won’t say that this is the best work Mr. Fisher has done, but he displays that invaluable faculty of keeping his material well in hand—of knowing at all times what it is he wants to say and just how he wants to say it. Marve JACKSON The Far Horizon (From page 22) Major enjoyment came with the Fisk singers, who “do” spirituals so convinc- ingly that I doubt whether any one will ever be able to make us believe they can be sung more fascinatingly. These five men with their lone lady associate stir the imagination. I do not think I need to add that these days one finds no necessity for offering explanation of the presence of the Negro in public life. His works speaks for him. CHRISTIANITY IN AMERICA WHITE Congregationalist minister, the Reverend Duncan C. Milner writes us from Florida: “Whatsoever ye. would that men should do to you do you even so to them.” “There are no royal roads to learn- ing but there are many roads.” When Selectin ga School 1. Consider well 2. Choose wisely KITTRELL COLLEGE offers exceptional advantages. o *e 9, STANDARD COLLEGE THEOLOGICAL TEACHER TRAINING AND COMMERCIAL COURSES ae reine Write for bulletin. G. A. EDWARDS, President KITTRELL, N. C. EpwARD WATERS COLLEGE JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA An Ideal Christian Home School in the Heart of Beautiful Florida For students unable to stand the rigors of a Northern winter. Grammar School, Junior High School, Senior High School, Normal School, School of Theology, Music, Commercial Courses, College Courses leading to B.A. Degree, Manual Training, Domes- tic Science and Art, Band, Military Training for men, Physical education for women. Albert B. Cooper, President Bishep Jehn Hurst, Chairman Board of Trustees DUNBAR MEMORIAL HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION Training School For Nurses. DETROIT, MICHIGAN. State accredited. Three year course in general nursing. 70 bed hospital. Free tuition, board and room, text-book and uniforms; also monthly cash allowance. Enlarged hospital just completed. Beauti- ful nurses home. ADDRESS: DUNBAR MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 3764 BRUSH ST. DETROIT, MICH. SUBSCRIPTION TO THE Mailed to any address Sth St. Chicago, I Beautful Card Case And 100 Cards with your name address, phone and any fraternal emblem, all Free with 6 months ~ Masonic Magazine, $1 Write plainly. NATIONAL FRATERNAL REVIEW —@#268 E£.3 i._— acs ananormn an Tee ae ene ere ee ina AE 9 NE

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me ATER RTE Th Atlanta School of Social Work INCORPORATED Prepares Its Students for Professional Social W ork SUPERVISED FIELD WoRK WITH SocIAL AGENCIES Graduates of the School are in Demand Several Scholarships Available. —-46h fe For further information address: The Director Forrester B. Washington, A.M. 239 Auburn Ave., Atlanta, Georgia Saint Frances’ Academy East Chase St., Baltimore, Maryland Private Boarding School for Girls conducted by the Oblate Sisters of Providence High School, Intermediate and Primary Courses, Music and Art For Catalogue address the Sister Directress : . Louisville, Ky. Simmons University, ‘euisyil*.43 The only institution in the State having for its object Collegiate, Ministerial, Medical and Legal training for Colored Citizens in Kentucky. Special training in Insurance, Social Service, Nurs- ing and Hospital Work. Normal, Commercial, Music, Domestic Science, Missionary Training Class. Evering classes, correspondence course. Degrees offered Cc. H. PARRISH, President. CoLORED DoLLs AND NOVELTIES Pretty Light-Brown and Mulatto with Real Hu- man Hair Curls. They Sleep, Walk, Talk and Cry. Sizes 14 to 30 inches. 15 different styles. 100 other novelties. Free Catalog. 19 inches, $5.50 each, $42. doz. 23 inches, $7.50 each, $49. dez. 30 inches, $11.98 each, $88. doz. AGENTS WANTED BETHEL MFG. CO. Dept. C. 97 South St. JAMAICA, N. Y. This Golden Rule has been called the best of all moral maxims and should be applied to individual, family, state and nation and if applied internationally “the golden age of the earth will be realized”. ae 1. Is it observing the Golden Rule for our great Republic to deal like a tyrant with the little Negro Republic of Haiti? ; 2. Is the Golden Rule considered in drawing a color line in Labor Unions? 3. Is it doing as you would be done by when the race line is drawn as to the learning of skilled trades? 4. Is there anything of the letter or spirit of the Golden Rule in excluding people from clubs or theatres on the color line? 5. Are not “Jim Crow” cars an ignoring of the Golden Rule? 6. Is not the use of the titles, Nigger, Dago, Chink, Sheeny, Hunky, etc., a gross violation of the Golden Rule? 7. Is not the whole system of depriv- ing men and women of social and po- litical rights because of race or color a banishing of the Golden Rule from hu- man life? 8. Do net our American boys and girls, when they try to force out of our public schools boys and girls of other races, violate the Golden Rule? Duncan C. MILNER. ISS L. H. BYRD wants to study Home Economics. So she wrote to Temple University, the great Christian institution of Phila- delphia. She received this reply: “T regret to inform you that condi- tions at Temple University are not satis- factory for the admission of colored students to the course of Home Eco- nomics. “We require practice teaching for our diploma and it is also required for a State Teachers Certificate but we have no opportunity to obtain facilities for colored students to do supervised prac- tice teaching. In addition, a month of residence is required in a practice house, which is at the same time used as a dormitory for white girls. “T hope that I have stated the facts plainly and that you will understand that it is not through racial prejudice but solely because of circumstances be- yond our control that you cannot be ad- mitted to the Home Economics, Ele- mentary Education, Kindergarten Edu- cation or Junior High School courses. “Your application will be accepted for courses in High School Academic Subjects or the course in Health Edu- cation but if you plan to become a teacher of domestic science, I should ad- vise you to enter the Cheney Normal School at Cheney, Pa.” Very truly yours, E. H. Homan, Registrar. JIM CROW HIS is the way S. W. Green, Supreme Chancellor of the Col- ored Pythians talks to the editor of the Houston Informer: You refer, Mr. Editor to the colored Pythians of America being too “coward- ly and spineless to-hold one Biennial meeting in Texas in 45 years”. The colored Pythians of America are not too “cowardly nor spineless to hold one Biennial meeting in Texas in 45 years”, They have too much courage and too much respect for their women folk, and too much of a desire to promote the welfare and prosperity of the Knights of Pythias of North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia to jeopardize the welfare of the members of their Uniform Rank Department, and to shield their women folk from the humiliations and insults of the “Jim Crow” street cars. The colored Pythians of America have not met in Alabama in 45 years. They have not met in Georgia in 45 years, and yet Georgia has the largest mem- bership, and pays the largest amount of taxes to the Supreme Lodge than any Grand Jurisdiction. The Colored Pyth- ians of America have not met in Ten- nessee in 45 years. They have not met in South Carolina nor North Carolina in 45 years. If any of our Grand Juris- dictions should have reasons to complain of the failure of the Supreme Lodge to hold one of its Biennial meetings in their Grand Jurisdiction, it should be the Grand Lodge of Mississippt in which the Supreme Lodge has not held one of its Sessions since it was born in that State in the year 1880. It has there- fore been 47 years since the Supreme Lodge of the Knights of Pythias of North America, Etc., met at its birth- plae—THE GRAND LODGE OF MISSISSIPPI—and yet, Mr. Editor, the representatives from the Grand Lodge of Mississippi would not invite the Supreme Lodge of the Knights of Pythias of North America, Etc., to vote to accept the humiliating conditions of “Jim Crow” raiiroad cars and “Jim Crow” street cars to come to Missis- sippi to hold one of its Biennial Ses- sions. REVOLUTION T the annual meeting ot the Methodist Episcopal Board of Foreign Missions, the N. Y. Times reports that: “Stanley High, author and journalist and a Secretary of the board, who has just returned from Africa and Asia, in an address warned of an impending inter-racial conflict between the white and non-white populations of the Afri- can continent. The growth of nation- alism in Africa, he said, was more mo- mentous than in China, India or the Philippines, but it was being overlooked by the white races. “The white man’s booze, his gam- bling dens, comprise one set of forces that are making the new Africa,” he said. “The propagandists of the So- viets, using mob tactics and preaching hate and revolution, constitute a fur- ther influence.” ROFESSOR CLARKE writes in the London Daily News: Nothing is more significant of the new order of life that is developing in South Africa as the country passes more com- pletely into the modern world system than the strong movement among na- tive workers towards trade union or- ganization. THE Crisis veeates (cs saa a E Jan

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THE CRISIS BOOK MART We know you’ve got a book, but isn’t it time to buy another? this land and it’s one of the best signs of civilization. for the best books of the sort the CRISIS recommends. Then write us quickly. New Books, 1927-28 James Weldon Johnson, “God’s Trombones”, Countée Cullen, ‘Copper Sun”, Countée Cullen, “Caroling Dusk’”’, Carter G. Woodson, ‘“‘Mind of the Negro, 1800-60” W. L. Flemings, ‘‘The Freed- men’s Savings Bank’’, J. H. Nankivell, “The His- _tory of the 25th Infantry” . H. Jones, “Recreation Among Negroes in Wash- ington, D. C.”, Arthur H. Fauset, “For Free- dom”, W. J. King, “Negro in Amer- ican Life’, C. J. Wesley, ‘‘Negro Labor in the United States’’, André Siegfried, ‘America Comes of Age’, E. B. Reuter, “The Ameri- can Race Problem’’, Emily G. Balch, “Occupied Haiti’, Lord Olivier, “Anatomy of African Misery”, Steiner and _ Brown, North Carolina Gang’, “The Chain -75 -50 3.00 2.75 2.00 2.00 2.00 William Arms Fisher, “Sev- enty Negro Spirituals’’, R. Nathaniel Dett, “Religious Folk Songs of the Negro’’, H. W. Morrow, “Forever Free’, E. C. L. Adams, “Congaree Sketches”, Olive Shreiner, to Man”, James W. Johnson, ‘Autobi- ography of an Ex-Colored a ” “From Man Hallie Q. Brown, “Homespun Heroines”, Ralph W. Bullock, “In Spite of Handicaps”, W. P. Dabney, “Life of Mag- gie L. Walker”, Mary W. Ovington, ‘Por- traits in Color”, Alain Locke, Montgomery Gregory, (Editors), ‘Plays of Negro Life’’, Leslie Pinckney Hill, ‘‘Tous- saint L’ouverture’”’, Eva A. Jessye, “My Spirit- uals”, ‘ Recent Books Langston Hughes, ‘Fine Clothes to the Jew’’, James W. Johnson, “The Book of American Negro Spirituals’’, $2.50 3.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 $2.00 3.50 James W. Johnson, “The Sec- ond Book of American Ne- gro Spirituals’”’, James W. Johnson, “‘Ameri- can Negro Poetry”, Alain Locke (Editor), “The New Negro” Walter White, “Flight”, Walter White, “The Fire in the Flint’, A. A. Taylor, “The Negro in the Reconstruction of Vir- ginia”’ Countée Cullen, “Color”, Langston Hughes, “The Weary Blues’, Eric Walrond, Death’, Negro Classics W. E. B. Du Bois, “The Gift of Black Folk’’, W. E. B. Du Bois, “Souls of Black Folk’’, W. E. B. Du Bois, water’, William Pickens, “Bursting Bonds’’, Carter G. Woodson, “Negro Orators and Their Ora- tions’, Carter G. Woodson, “The Negro in Our History, (4th Edition) “Tropic “Dark- Read our Combination Prices The CRISIS for one year and these books $1.70 Tas CRISIS and Wesley’s “Negro Labor” King’s ‘Negro in American Life” Morrow’s ‘Forever Free”’ or a 80 “ce “ec Johnson’s “American Negro Poetry” and any one of the fol- lowing books: Hughes’—‘‘Weary Blues” or “Fine Clothes to the Jew” $4.00 THE CRISIS Johnson’s “Trombones” Cullen’s “Caroling Dusk” Fisher’s “Spirituals’’ DuBois’ ‘‘Darkwater’”’ The book buying habit is growing in Suppose you resolve to spend $5, $10, $25, in 1928, $3.50 1.75 5.00 2.50 2.50 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.50 $2.00 2.00 2.25 1.50 5.00 3.00 $3.50 THE CRISIS and any of the following books: White’s “Flight” or “Fire in the Flint” Seigfried’s ” and any of the following books: “America Comes of ee EL TT TC TELE TT TT SAT TST air Cullen’s “Copper Sun” or Reuter’s “American Race .Prob- “Color” lem” Taylor’s “Reconstruction” Dett’s “Spirituals” Fleming’s “Freedmen’s Sav- Johnson’s “Autobiography of an ings Bank” Ex-colored Man” Balch’s “Occupied Haiti” Woodson’s “Negro History” Olivier’s “African Misery” $4.50 THE CRISIS and any of the following books: a Brown’s “Chain Johnson’s “ist or 2nd Book of Spirituals”’ ? “ + ae ” . Jessye’s “My Spirituals Brown’s ‘Homespun Heroines” dam s Congaree Sketches” $6.00 THE CRISIS and Woodson’s “Mind of the Bullock’s “Handicaps” Negro’, or Ovington’s “Portraits in Locke & Gregory’s “Negro Plays” or Woodson’s “Negro “Souls of Black r “Gift of Black weer AND MAGAZINES What do you read? We make any combination with THE CRISIS and save you money. THE CRISIS 69 Fifth Avenue, New York City Picken’s “American Aesop” ‘ January, 1928

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The Industrial and Commercial Workers’ Union (I. C. U.), consisting almost entirely of natives, is not yet ten’ years old. Yet it claims a membership of anything up to 50,000 or more; it has sent its general secretary, Clements Kadalie, first as an unofficial delegate to Geneva and then to pursue a lecture- tour through Europe and America; it has secured afhliation to the Interna- tional Federation of Trade Unions as representative of South African labour; and it has set going by way of reaction to its own growth a distinct movement among white trade unions towards sym- pathetic action. It is now a force to: be reckoned with, and its aims and organization, its meth- ods and achievements, afford striking and significant evidence of the strange new forces that are at work in a land which finds itself more than a little be- wildered in consequence. HE great Mahatma Ghandhi in his “Story of My Experiment with Truth” (Current Thought for July, 1927) says: And just as I freed myself from the slavery to the washerman, even so | threw off the dependence on the barber. All people going to England learn there at least the art of shaving, but none to my knowledge cut his own hair. I had to learn that too. I once went to an English hair-cutter in Pretoria. He contemptuously refused to cut my hair. I certainly felt hurt, but immediately purchased a pair of clippers and cut my hair before the mirror. I succeeded more or less in cutting the front hair, but I spoiled the back. The i-'ends in the court shook with laughter. “What's wrong with your Gandhi? Have rats been at it?” “No. The white barber would not condescend to touch my black hair. So I preferred to cut it myself.” The reply did not surprise the friends. There was every chance of the barber’s losing his custom if he cut black men’s hair. We do not allow our barbers to serve our untouchable brethren. I got the reward of it in South Africa, not once, but many a time, and the convic- tion that it is the punishment for our own sins has saved me from being angry. hair, Postscript (From page 24) of the Negro race it was because Lincoln refused to al- low black men upon its Board of Trus- tees or black professors in its class- rooms. This year an epoch-making change has taken place. Dr. E. P. Roberts, a graduate of Lincoln, has become the first colored trustee, and the reason is that Dr. J. B. Laird, the Negro-hating Chairman of the Board has been removed and Dr. John N. Tinny, President of Johns Hop- kins University, has been made Chair- man. But this alone would not have sufficed had it not been for the persist- ent fight of the Lincoln Alumni, led by a committee of which Dr. W. G. Alexander was Chairman. Three men selected for the presidency re- fused the nomination because of the organized and open opposition of the Alumni; and when President John- son finally accepted it was known that the Alumni favored him because he was willing to have Negro trustees and Negro professors. It is with great joy that we transfer Lincoln from liability to asset. HAMPTON My dear Dr. Du Bois: I have your letter of the tenth offer- ing to print in the January number of Tue Crisis a reply from me to what you have written for The Nation and for THE CRIsIs in criticism of Hamp- ton Institute. I have no desiré to engage in a pub- lic controversy on this subject, and what I might say is sufficiently ex- pressed in an editorial which will ap- pear in the December number of The Southern Workman. But I should some day be glad of an opportunity to talk with you per- sonally about Hampton Institute as it is and as it hopes to be. For it seems clear to me that your present ideas oni this subject are not in accordance with the verifiable facts. James FE. Greco. Pictures of Distinguished Negroes Excellent photographs 11 x 14, finished in black tone, large enough to be framed and placed on the walls of your school or home. Price $1.00 each. Small guished pictures of 100 distin- } Negroes, prints, 334 x 4%. half-tone Price 10 cents a piece, $1 a dozen, and $7.50 a hundred. Itis the Duty of Human Beings to be attractive The EAST INDIA HAIR GROWER will help you by increas- ing the strength and natural health and beauty of your hair. EMME. 5.0.LYORS F your Hair is Dry and Wiry or if you are bothered with Falling Hair, Dandruff, Itching Scalp or any Hair Trouble, we want you to try a jar of EAST INDIA HAIR GROWER. The remedy contains medical properties that go to the roots of the Hair, stimu- late the skin, helping nature do its work. Leaves the hair soft and silky. Per- fumed with a balm of a thousand flow- ers. The best known remedy for Heavy and Beautiful Black Eye-Brows. Also restores Gray Hair to its Natural Color. Can be used with Hot Iron. PRICE SENT BY MAIL, 56c. 16c Extra for Postage AGENTS OUTFIT 1 Hair Grower, 1 Temple Oil, peo. 1 —s Oll, 1 Face Cream and irection for Selling, $2.00. 25¢ Extra for Postage. Ss. D. LYONS 316 N. Central, Dept. B. OKLAHOMA CITY, OKLA. about it, any man can easily earn $45 a week and up, just showing our wonderful outfit and taking orders for our high je tai: lorie. an E eabsatable values, c! loring, we mak ree sult offer—something differ- , more liberal than any offer ase oth samvles — everything fur- E. Write today for free suit and big ing offer. Mead Co.., Wholesale Tailors, RECREATION AND AMUSEMENT Among NEGROES IN WASHINGTON, D. C. By WILLIAM H. JONES, Professor of Sociology in Howard University “A Scientific Study of Leisure Time Activities” Illustrated 243 pages $2.60 Postpaid DERRICOTTE AND COMPANY Pennsylvania Ave. Station Washington, D. C. THE Crisis

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0 ead pea H ere ave Your Favorite Spzrit- uals. 12555—John Done Saw That Holy Number and Sympathetic Christ, Ser- mons by Rev. M. L. Gip- son and Sanctified Con- gregation. 12557—Heaven and Get Away Jordan, Paramount Sacred Four. | 12499—The Old Ac- | count Was Settled Long Ago and Daniel in the Lion’s Den. Norfolk Jub- ilee Quartette. 12520 — Sinner, Don’t | Let Dis Harvest Pass and In Presence of the Lord, | Famous Jubilee Singers. (Soloist, Ernia Mae Cun- ningham). 12516—I Believe I'll Go Back Home and Sinner, You'll Need King Jesus, William and Versey Smith. (Guitar and Tam- borine, acc.) 12506 — Jesus Gonna Shake My Righteous Hand and Receiving the Message, siddleville QOuintette. 12503—He’s the One and You’d Better Mind, Pace Jubilee Singers (soloists, Hattie Parker and Mrs. James Simp- son). 12386—All I Want Is That Pure Religion and I Want to Be Like Jesus in My Heart, Deacon L. ¥. Bates. 12542—Wait Till I Put on My Robe and There’s No Hiding Place, Famous Jubilee Singers. 12073—When All the Saints Come Marching In and That Old-time Religion, Paramount Jubilee Singers. 12512—Time and Goodbye, I've Left the World Behind, Rev. T. T. Rose and Gospel Singers. 12527—The Scarlet Thread in the Window and On This Rock I Will Build My Church, Sermons by Son of Thunder (Johnnie Blakey). 12437—God So Loved the World and Prayer, Rev. W. A. White. 12035—Father, Prepare Me, and My Lord’s Gonna Move This Wicked Race, Norfolk Jubilee Quartette. \ _ ees —— Aramount VERYBODY likes these fine Paramount spiritual records for their more serious moments. Everybody likes to play these old favorite hymns and inspiring anthems for their own enjoyment and delight of their guests. Paramount is famous for this wonderful music. The best artists in the world have made for Paramount these beautiful tunes that will never grow old. You will enjoy them as much a year from now as you do today. Electrically Recorded! Send No Money! pirituals — the finest music of the greatest artists THE Name If your dealer is out of the records you want, send us the coupon below. Pay postman 75 cents for each record, plus small C.O.D. fee when he de- livers records. We pay postage on shipments of two or more records. Paramount Records are re- corded by the latest new elec- tric method. Greater volume. Amazingly clear tone. Al- ways the best music—first on Paramount! THE New YorkK RECORDING LABORATORIES 142 Paramount Building, Port Washington, Wisconsin Sr hs REG.US. PAT “d Jhe Popular Race Record Send me the records shecked belo 12555 12499 {, 12516 |: 12557 12520 12506 | MUBOER Sos fae RET oe ea City bac siak sted +a eae a yele: ie State a eee ee Ee ee mm _weeieheneniieemnieimoiieae Jew YorK RecorpInG LAporatoriEs, 142 Paramount Bldg., Port Washington, Wis. , 75 cents each. ial 13542 0 12512 | 12437 12527 12035 12073 ‘)) 5 ee, reeniiaaee - : ee ” rae x ™ Pr DTS ae a P - APR ene ON ses 9 alates rnin me tein

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rat is more charming than a velvety-smooth complexion of lovely, transparent tone com- bined with silken hair, lustrous, soft and glowing? ~ Make this loveliness your own EGYPTIAN BROWN FACE POWDER GLOSSINE Clinging, invisible and ador- Oils-and softens dry, brittle hair. ably perfumed. Imparts an Imparts a rich, healthy lustre. In- olive tint to fair complex- dispensable for bobbed or long hair ions and harmonizes be- and unsurpassed in the opinion witchingly with the darker of social leaders and well-groomed skins. For sale by Walker gentlemen. For sale by Walker agents everywhere. agents and good drug stores. Write for free sample THE MME:C.J.WALKER MANUFACTURING COMPANY, INC. 640N.Wesi Sireet Indianapolis, Ind.

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