The Crisis 1927-12: Vol 34 Iss 10

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INSURANCE IS ONE THING THAT CANNOT BE BOUGHT WHEN IT IS NEEDED Home Office 525-7-9 N. 2nd St. Richmond, Va. Most wants of the average person can be secured whenever there is need of such things. That is why so many people say or believe that if they have the money, they can get what they want, when they want it. But it is quite different with insurance protection. That is one need that will not come within the pur- view of the old adage, ‘We'll cross that bridge when we get to it.” No one can secure a fire insurance policy or coverage when a building is on fire. Neither can a ship owner cover his ship and cargo with marine insurance when the vessel is sinking on the deep. That is why all sensible people carry insurance at all times on their property and goods, and on the most valuable thing on the face of the earth, the human body. Of course some people do wait until they find their health impaired, and then by stealth secure insurance protection; or by concealing their true age, when if the true age were known, no insurance could be secured. But such cases, though numerous, are no more honorable and right than if such persons put their hands into the pockets or tills of someone and extracted money that did not belong to them. The honorable and sensible thing to do is to secure insurance when in good, sound health, and carry it until the time of need. And the best kind of insur- ance to have in time of sickness, accident or death is the 3-in-1 Superior Policy, issued by the Southern Aid Society of Va., Inc. Send for your copy of the booklet that tells the whole story. SOUTHERN AID SOCIETY OF VIRGINIA, INC. Home Office: 525-7-9 N. 2nd St., Richmond, Va. Insures against Sickness, Accident and Death District Offices and Agencies throughout Virginia and District of Columbia EE ee ee — eee ae eC. es ee ee + cc —ceeng erence

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> A ~ “9 a ee 2 sl tl LL AL LL ’ fige CAESES A Record of the Darker Races W. E. Burcuarpt Dv Bors, Editor Aucustus GRANVILLE DILL, Business Manager Aaron Dovucuias, Art Critic Volume 34, No. 10 Contents for December, I 927 Whole No. 206 Page COVER. Drawing. The Annunciation, by Laura Wheeler Waring. eee ee ee eh ic exw ied cen Geen eee nice scdscewes 327 FRONTISPIECE. St. Erasmus and St. Mauritius ................. 328 JESSE BINGA. Illustrated. Inez V. Cantey .................... 329 THE NEGRO COMMON SCHOOL IN SOUTH CAROLINA. Re renee ah or naig VG: wiai'v GrRaTS BR CRIS SKa apace 16's Sin arsams b's 330 | CHRISTMAS GIFT CORNER. Illustrated. Effie Lee Newsome.... 332 THEN. A.A. CP. BATTLE FRONT... Ulustrated. ...... cess ccc. 333 DRAB RAMBLES. First Prize Story. Marita O. Bonner......... 335 PRIZE POEMS. Illustrated. Poems by Mae V. Cowdery, Ed- ward Silvera, Ethel M. Caution, Marguerite A. Lowe, George L. EC te Rae. f wsros 8, Mein ee kidieeate tes wee Pea bk ade oT S Hew 337 THE BROWSING READER. [Iilustrated. ........................ 338 ALONG THE COLOR LINE. Ulustrated. ... 2... ccc ce. ccc cece 340 || THE CHICAGO ART LEAGUE. Illustrated. W. M. Farrow ...... 344 ee OD pc ha ceil eae bee masis~ ad Ca boas ac Klabmgces 345 Pe Ne a i ONS whines Soodicle ocd eccedecsaccusesces 347 E who are dark are no saints, God wot! but what with Albert Fall and Harry Sin- clair, Edward Doheny and Florence Knapp, we are distinctly uplifted and hopeful—New York and the East are having a fine time with Thomp- son of Chicago and yet pro-English propaganda in the United States is to- day the greatest single influence for war and race hatred.—And so we learn it was American recognition that made the Spanish dictatorship of Rivera pos- sible. Ambassador Moore got a green ribbon for pay.—Motion pictures have hit and hurt the Irish. Since the “Birth of a Nation” we are immune. —Hindenburg is eighty and the Re- public on the Spree still lives. Hur- rah for the red, black and what?— The first duty of Congress will be to reduce the taxes of millionaire cor- porations and the next to deliver the government of the United States into the hands of Super-Power by selling Boulder Dam, Muscle Shoals and Niagara—Mexico, China and the United States are all fighting militar- ism. Mexico is most successful and the United States least.—Isadora Dun- can, a great free genius, has flown be- The Crisis is published monthly and copyrighted by the National As- People at 69 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. 15 cents a copy, $1.50 a year. Foreign subscriptions $1.75. The date of expiration of each subscription is printed on the wrapper. When the subscription is due a blue renewal blank is enclosed. The address of a subscriber may be changed as often as desired, but both the ld and sociation for the Advancement of Colored December, 1927 Oo 1d>-- As the Crow Flies ou 1D yond the stars—Our peace mission to Nicaragua is most successful. We have only killed five hundred of the dagoes. —The country is still drunk with Coo- lidge prosperity—We cannot protect black Americans in Africa but we can throw a sacred cordon around Amer- ican dollars in China.—France and Italy are drifting toward war in Africa with England egging them on. —One thousand attended the first Par- liament of Women. Benighted Mos- cow!—The murderer of Pogrom- leading Petlura has been acquitted. Suppose some American Negro should slap the Grand Dragon!—The Sa- cred Navy of sanctified movie fame has been attacked by Magruder. Faithless traitor to Wilbur!—Italian steamships are now being steered by Mussolini personally. Let all - rocks and ships beware!—France, Belgium, Yugoslavia, Rumania, Czecho-Slovakia and Poland in alliance make strange bedfellows.—Maximilian Harden, cri- tic of the Hohenzollerns, is dead.— Turkey is counting all the Turks. | te, ieee HE 1928 will be a banner year for THe Crisis. We propose to make it indispensable to all as a digest of news, an expression of fearless opinion and a purveyor of art, science We shall start in January with prize stories and literature. and essays of distinction and a prize cover of great beauty. \ er ey” Page Bishop Manning!—The annual attempt of the United States to gov- ern itself took place November eighth. Success was quite moderate. —Vicksburg has a new statue of Jef- ferson Davis, the great Apostle of Freedom.—The Moors still believe that France has not conquered them; for proof they refer to Governor Steeg. —English reactionary Conservatives and hereditary Aristocrats still rule England because proletariat Labor and middle class Liberalism cannot agree. —Behold free and independent South Africa; free to enslave Negroes and independent of any decent respect for the opinions of mankind.—If rich men can buy governors and mayors, con- giessmen and aldermen, why not jurors?—The United States is going to Cuba with fanfare of trumpets to explain all about Haiti and Nicara- gua.—Another great editor of a daily newspaper dies with Adams of the Bai- timore Sun. He is nearly the last of his kind. Most editors now are ma- chine made and paid by the piece.— Florence Mills, bravest and finest of her craft,-is daneing before God. new address must be given and two weeks’ notice is necessary. Manu- scripts and drawings relating to colored feepie are desired. be accompanied by return postage and while assumes no responsibility for their safety in transit. class matter November 2, 1910, at the post office at New York, N. Y., under the act of March 3, 1879. They must HE CRISIS uses every care it Entered as second 327

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ST. ERASMUS AND ST. MAURITIUS After the painting by Mathias Gruenewall, in the Collection Hanfstaengl, at the Pinakothek, Munich, Germany THe Crisis

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RISIS ESSE BINGA, the youngest in a family of ten children, eight girls and two boys, was born April 10, 1865, in Detroit, Michigan. His father, William W. Binga, was born in 1817 in Malden, now Ambherst- burg, Ontario, and his mother, Adel- phia Powers Binga, was born near Rochester, N. Y. He was educated in the public schools of Detroit, leav- ing school when. in the third year of High School. During this time, his mother was the owner of considerable property and his spare hours were spent in collecting rents and keeping up the repairs on the property; and thus he laid the foundation for his later success in the real estate field. After attending High School, his mother placed him in the law offices of Thomas Crisup, the first colored graduate of the University of Michi- gan at Ann Arbor. He studied there for about two years when his desire to go West got the better of him and he left Detroit in 1885. FTER closing out his interest in some real estate which his mother had given him, he fitted out his chum, purchased tickets for two and together they started for Los An- geles, California. They stopped in Chicago and Kansas City, Mo., where his chum was taken ill. He remained there working as a barber in the shop of Dan Lucas at Ninth & Main Streets until his chum, who refused to con- tinue the journey West, had recov- ered. Then giving his chair at the barber shop to his friend, he made his way to the Northwest, stopping at St. Paul, Minnesota, and Helena and Missoula, Montana. Here his uncle Jordan Binga, who had migrated from Canada in the early fifties, was inter- ested in a restaurant, mining and real estate. From Missoula he went to Tacoma, Washington, where he opened a barber shop, later selling it and moving on to a more prosperous city, Seattle, where the greater por- tion of the business district had been destroyed by fire. Here he opened an- other shop in a tent and was one of the squatters on the water front. His father had run a barber shop for years in Detroit and taught him the trade in his youth. That year the exposures in the heavy rainy reason impaired his health and, unable to hold out any longer, he sold his tent barber shop, his flat boat and his squatter’s rights and bent his way toward San Francisco and Oakland, Calitornia. In Oakland he did his last barbering and laid his razor to rest in Stewart’s Barber Shop at 964 December, 1027 Jesse Binga By INEZ V. CANTEY “Gute ws The Story of a Life “ge md>> again as he was tired of the western civilization, the native sons and the torty-niners. He started on his way east but was held up twenty-two days JESSE BINGA Chairman of the Board of Directors, Liberty Life Insurance Company and President Binga State Bank, Chicago Broadway and entered the service of the Southern Pacific as porter, travel- ling from one end of the coast to the other. In those days the porters were running in charge of the cars and re- ceiving gold for tips. He still has a watch chain which was made of nug- gets that were washed in the pans of the placer miners in California. FTER leaving the service of the Southern Pacific, he promised himself that if he ever got east of the mountains, he would never take up a permanent residence on the west coast between Colfax and Truckee, Califor- nia, on account of the blockade where the snow sheds had burned. Finally he reached Reno, then Carson City, then Ogden, Utah, where he entered the Pullman Service, running on the narrow gauge from Ogden to Poca- tello, Idaho, to Butte, Montana. When the Indian reservation was thrown open to the public in Idaho, he invested in twenty lots in Pocatello paying $20 a lot and a few years later sold them at a handsome profit and returned to cast his lot in Chicago. For a short (Turn to page 350) 329

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South Carolina Negro Common Schools ? the September and December, 1926, and May, 1927, numbers of THE Crisis, we published reports on the Negro common schools of Geor- gia, Mississippi and North Carolina. The investigation upon which these reports were based was paid for by a Five Thousand Dollar appropriation from the American Fund for Public Service. The present report is con- densed because of the lack of money for extended publication, but we trust it will be informing. SOUTH CAROLINA HE South Carolina public school system is notable for its deliber- ate and continued discrimination against Negro schools. ‘There is no semblance of an attempt to give the Negro citizen a real public school sys- tem, or one that remotely approaches the system in vogue for the whites. The discrimination which has always been pronounced, is growing and not a single voice in the state has been raised against it. A few white lead- ers of South Carolina have pleaded for imprevement in the condit:ons of the Negro public schools on the ground that present conditions are merely wasteful. But even these voices have been apologetic rather than condem- natory. South Carolina during the 18th Century forbade the teaching of slaves to read and write and forbade free Negroes to do any teaching at all. During the Civil War large numbers of refugees congregated at Port Royal and on the Sea Islands and systematic teaching began. During the early ef- forts at reconstruction every effort was made to reduce the Negroes to slavery again and to stop their schools. Negro Suffrage in South Carolina meant the first definite establishment of a public school system for Negroes and whites and is perhaps the greatest gift of the Negro to South Carolina. The Constitution of 1868 provided for free school regardless of race or color. But schools were not actually opened until 1872 and then were partially closed again in the political revolution of 1876. By the laws of 1877 the con- trol of the schools was placed in the hands of local elective officials and thus the system has continued until our day. HE Negroes have long formed a majority of the population of South Carolina, although that major- ity has been dwindling. In 1900, for instance, there were 557,807 whites and 782,321 Negroes. By 1920, there were 818,538 white, and 864,719 Ne- 330 i

mee The Fourth of the Garland Fund Studies. 2

1900 1909 1922 1925

Annual Expense of Schools * groes. The number of Negroes en- rolled in the public schools is as fol- lows: 1870 Deere saan sce SEeimpiiee Hassan ee oe 8,263 1880 hps.as be Vadeae saeanee feos 5 ae 72,853 1890 dais pekhos Caen cbanWerhe kek phss oon eae 116,535 1900 Pion ae ba hua ehed Sel Ad ype shah eee re ei Wu wie, ah! Biss oa «hk 1920 chi cee a cee Res ONG Ree sA on. euiue -.. 235,569 1925 sins we po cu wiehineslee Thee 3Onns * 228,516 The cost of the Negro schools was $203,033 in 1900 and in 1925, a quar- ter of a century later, this had increased to $1,800,150. On the other hand, the cost of the white schools was $693,807 in 1900 and in 1925 was $11,561,819. In other words, South Carolina spent over three times as much on her white schools as on her Negro schools at the beginning of the century and at the end of the first quarter of the century, she was spending over six times as much. And during all this time there were more Negroes to be educated than whites. All this is the deliberate action of the whites, as W. K. Tate, State Supervisor of Elementary Rural Schools said in 1912: “The education of the Negro in South Carolina is in the hands of the white race. The white trustees ap- portion the funds, select the teachers and receive the reports. The county superintendent has the supervision of these schools in his hands. We have expended this year $349,834.60 in the support of Negro schools. I never *In 1925-26 the State spent $14,673,719 for white schools and only $1,655,652 for Negro schools! visit one of these schools without feel- ing that we are wasting a large part of this money and are neglecting a great opportunity. The Negro school houses are miserable beyond all de- scription. They are usually without comfort, equipment, proper lighting, or sanitation. Nearly all the Negroes of school age in the district are crowded into these miserable struc- tures during the short term which the school runs. Most of the teachers are absolutely untrained and have been given certificates by the county board not because they have passed the ex- amination, but because it is necessary to have some kind of a Negro teacher.” N 1922, the state published a series of graphs showing the comparative situation of Negro and white schools that year. We reproduce some of these. (Page 331). So wretched was the con- dition of South Carolina Negro schools that in the last ten years vari- ous outside philanthropic bodies have tried to help. The General Education Board has paid for a white State Agent for colored schools. The Rosenwald Fund has built school houses, aided by contributions from the colored peo- ple, white people and the educational authorities. The Jeanes Fund has paid for teachers. These contributions have varied from $82,694 in 1922 to $92,- 514 in 1925. This has had compara- tively little effect upon the state. The State Agent for colored schools says in 1925: “The organization and de- velopment of these schools in any com- munity depend absolutely upon the education and standard of: the white folk”. The local (white) Board of Trustees in each district uses in its discretion whatever school funds are expended for colored schools. Thus, the total amount of state aid for vari- ous counties was in 1922, $1,851,715. Of this every cent went to white schools except $15,000. In the case of school houses outside aid brought better results: From July Ist, 1920 to June 30, 1922, they erected 89 school houses at a cost of $424,874. Not- withstanding this, in the latter year the State Agent says: “Only about 10 per cent of the colored school houses in the state are respectable’. Other facts for 1922 are as follows: Whites Negroes Teachers’ Salaries $5,584,159 $818,248 Schools Town Pasa bid <tocn “ee 189 County Seas pteiessenics, elke cee 2304 Enrollment Peiuveuny «is 235,535 243,774 Average Attendance ............ 171,742 174,143 Average Length of Session WE Sicagersa ca ne a 172 127 County bi ih 'auh nscbteh en 134 74 Expense per Capita of Enroll- ment wah aha sexhinians $36.10 $4.17 Pupils per Teacher Pt Oe 24 49 THE Crisis A neg ren “Se: eS ts of ~ Se ee

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‘74 43 SIS - ~ —_— ys ~ ————— or —— %} = oe — —_ a, OO AL LL ——-} INALLY, the Superintendent of Education, J. E. Swearin, ap- pends this joyful word to page 31 of his report for 1922: ‘“‘The Negro can now secure anything in South Carolina except social and political equality’. It is a little difficult to get the latest reports of South Carolina schools, so that conditions today must be illus- trated mainly by figures from the year 1924-25: 1925 Whites Negroes DOES cininssiidsnvinases sacs ee 2413 ND voy «xno venue cediness 7889 3677 Average Salary ..... 7 $885 261 j 5 $ Total Salaries ........ -... $6,982,989 $963,155 Furniture and Apparatus.... $319,948 $20,146 Fuel and Incidentals......... $1,012,492 » $43,867 Average Length of Session 159 97 Per Capita Cost According to Enrollment .......... Pa $48.39 $6.13 Enrolled Pupils to Each ME + casos senise es eats 30 62 Value School Houses..........$20,428,663 $2,268,287 Value Houses and Grounds. .$23,535,823 $2,661,499 Value of School Furniture One APOSERING. 050.0500 .000 $1,988,821 $282,889 Cost of Transportation .... $173,805 $196 Grounds, Repairs, Buildings SE TG. cas snunenaexnie $2,156,296 $372,564 Total Expense.................$11,561,849 $1,400,150 The State Agent says that 90 per cent of the schools in 1924-5 “are still being accommodated and are attempted to be taught under very undesirable conditions”. The Legislature which adjourned in April, 1927, appropriated $3,250,000 instead of the $3,512,000 which the Superintendent of Education asked. There was also a deficit of $473,000 in 1926. This means that the colored schools will undoubtedly suffer most. There is only one bright spot in the South Carolina school situation and that is the building of the Rosen- wald school-houses, There have been completed to date (November, 1927) in South Carolina, 381 Negro school houses paid for as follows: Negro contributions nad oust's etn ne'er es White contributions svvesses | See From Public School Funds ...... ... 1,294,157 MGR AN WM oon 5 sc acnces css cess sesess 357,800 Total . Saks iG abe check a8ls ek ye aestec ee HESE school houses house 57,105 pupils or 34 per cent of the rural Negro school population. Excellent as this showing is and great as is the debt of South Carolina and the Negro to Julius Rosenwald, it has two unfortunate features. First, nothing could be more aston- ishing than to see a proud Southern commonwealth, which in the past pro- tested loudly against the “interfer- ence” of philanthropists with its in- stitutions, now on its knees before the organized philanthropy of the North for contributions toward the support of its public school system; and espe- cially that part of the system which is chiefly necessary to increase the eff- ciency of labor and decrease the waste of crime, sickness and poverty. Sec- ond, we must not forget the injustice of the double taxation forced on Ne- December, 1027 (Above) Average Annual Salary, White Teachers (Below) Average Annual Salary, Negro Teachers groes to support their schools. The brunt of public taxation on real prop- erty, land and business falls heavily and chiefly, in the last analysis, on the black laborers. Yet from these school funds the whites get their school houses built for them while the Negro in his poverty must submit to $400,000 ad- (Above) Per Capita Expense, White Schools (Below) Per Capita Expense, Negro Schools ditional taxation to get his school houses. This may teach sacrifice but it is terribly unjust. HIS gives a general picture of the Negro schools. To this may be added a word on local conditions. Charleston is the metropolis of the state. It had in 1920, 35,585 whites and 32,326 Negroes in the city, while in the county, including the city, there were 44,214 whites and 64,236 Ne- groes. Of this population 14,178 are (Above) Average Length White Schools (days a year) (Below) Average Length Negro Schools reported to be illiterate or 5,000 more than in any other county of the state; and, of course, the real facts are far in excess of this report. Charleston Negroes have always had an intelli- gent, striving group of educated lead- ers. The free Negroes supported their own schools for ten years, beginning in 1744 until the state law stopped them. In 1822, they attempted under Denmark Vesey, one of the most care- fully planned insurrections against slavery made in the United States. On the other hand, they have received from their white fellow citizens a minimum of encouragement. The present con- ditions of their schools can be seen from the following figures: Whites Negroes Number of Teachers ....... 268 182 Total Teachers’ Salaries ..$ 341,660 $101,329 Average Salary ............ 1,274 556 Pupils to Teacher and DOT kes ce caccun es 31 60 Pe oct 5 Scicean 8,416 10,919 Average Attendance ....... 6,845 8,005 Percent of Enrollment and PRACDRRNOE 4 ias'06 sca eee 81.3 73.3 Value School Houses ......$1,392,250 $423,225 Value of Houses’ and IN s,s, cae eel inte $1,606,300 $483,475 Value of School Furniture, ON a acseitvessccecssesacss Se $26,187 Furniture and Apparatus $23,421 $6,045 Fuel and Incidentals .... $88,103 $20,035 Average Length of Session, MGs os dads cetaceans 179 110 Per Capita, Expense, At- tendance and Enrollment $99.77 $18.01 RAMONE vi ceescucdecede nets $496 $127 Transportation ............ $28,301 0 Grounds, Repairs .......... 304,474 69,143 Total Expense ......... $ 839,610 $196,681 N Charleston there are four schools. In the Simmonton School, which is in a low street which is easily flooded when it rains, there are five grades with 1,150 pupils; 27 teachers who receive from $50 to $62.50 a month. The term is nine months. The Buist School is in a good location and has 5 grades and an enrollment of 905 with 14 teachers. There are double sessions; that is, two sessions a day for the First and Second Grades. The Principal personally has furnished the piano which is used in the school. The Shaw School is a frame building heated by stoves and has 5 grades and an en- rollment of 890; there are 18 teachers for a 9 month school. The Burke In- dustrial School was built in 1910 near a dumping ground. It has from the 5th to 11th grade and an enrollment of nearly 1,000 under 24 teachers. This is supposed to be the high school, but the real high school for the city is a private school, Avery Institute. The plight of Avery Institute illus- trates the school methods of South Carolina. It was established by the American Missionary Association and the Association still pays about one- third of its $16,000 annual budget. Avery has 500 pupils of whom 200 are in high school and it employes 11 teachers. It has for years done all of the normal work and practically all of the high school work for the city. Nearly all the teachers in the city 331

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schools are graduates of Avery, yet the city, the county and the state have refused any aid to the school. In the last four years colored people have raised more than $9,000 and in 1927, they attempted to raise $3,500; but the unfavorable industrial conditions and the failure of two banks prevented them. The school is literally starv- ing for support. For the year 1926-27 Charleston made the following appropriations for its white and Negro schools: CHARLESTON, 1926-27 White Colored County $110,612 $38,073 Teachers City 284,610 71,285 Fuel and Incidentals .-County 26,149 15,307 City 63,868 29,226 Grounds and Buildings County 207,171 3,313 City 32,374 4,141 N Columbia there is a 9 months’ term and 4 schools. The Booker T. Washington School has 11 grades and 2 buildings. The buildings were put on land which was cheap but has proved expensive because it had to be buttressed. There is an enrollment of 1,286 pupils under 28 teachers. The salaries range from $60 to $90 a month. Five of the grades have dou- ble sessions and about 100 beginners were turned away at the opening of school. ~The old Howard School is a very old wooden building across from the jail and in a bad situation. 't has 840 pupils in 7 grades under 16 teachers. The salaries are from $55 to $80 a month and there are double sessions in First Grade. The new Howard School is in a new brick build- ing near a railroad on a dumping ground. It has 415 pupils in 7 grades, under 12 teachers. There are double sessions in the First Grade. The salaries for white teachers in the grade schools begin at $900 and reach $1,400. In the high schools the salaries begin with $1,000 and go to $2,000. In the Negro graded schools the salaries range from $550 to $800 and in the high school from $600 to $850. HE white schools have ample space for their children with 40 or fewer pupils to a teacher in a class- room. But the Superintendent says: “The same contention can not be made for the Negro schools. Up to September, 1924, we had been com- pelled to take care of from 200 to 300 more Negro pupils than the two school buildings were equipped to accommo- date. At that time we opened the third building, a new one, equipped to accommodate 450 pupils. We had such an inrush of new pupils that within two weeks after the opening of school, we had as many overcrowded rooms as ever. We are still com- pelled to run double daily sessions of pupils in several grades at two of the 332 schools. One teacher in these cases meets two groups of pupils each day. The fourth year has been added to the Negro high school, and practically the entire third year class remained to en- ter the fourth year. “Tt is but justice to say that our Negro teachers, almost without excep- tion, have been patient, faithful and loyal throughout these years of crowded conditions.” This is the result of outrageous dis- crimination on the part of the city in the use of public taxes. By bond is- sues in 1922-25 they raised $375,000, which with other items made a total building fund of $438,645. Of this the Negroes, forming 47 per cent of the county population, received only $73,304, or 16 per cent. HERE are similar conditions in Greenville, where two of the three schools are in old frame build- ings. The third school is a new brick school, but in a poor situation. “There are no colored men in this school sys- tem as the Superintendent is unfavor- able to them.” He defers entirely to the reactionary poor whites. A private school, housed in dilapidated frame buildings, does most of the high school work. In Orangeburg, the public school is terribly overcrowded, with as many as 100 in some classes and 3 in a seat. Nine miles from Orange- burg is a new Rosenwald School with a Teachers’ Home. Here conditions are much better, but the state pays for only six months’ school, and gives the teachers from $50 to $55 a month, ex- cept the Principal who receives a sal- ary from the Smith-Hughes Fund. In Sumpter, there is one old and one new school. Both have double sessions through the 5th Grade and are very much crowded. In many counties for 1927 the Board of Education has cut the Negro schools from 5 to 3 months, even when paying salaries as little as $42.50 a month. In Bennettsville, in 1926, we find a colored minister, pray- ing to white people for a decent school building because visitors “look with laughter and indignation at what we cail our school”. And finally, per- haps this picture will do for rural South Carolina. It is written from Seabrook in Beaufort County in March, 1927: 66 HE school children are poorly provided for, having to walk long distances to school, an average of 2 to + miles a day. School term 6 months, November to May. The aver- age person 18 to 45 do not know the alphabet. School houses small, over- crowded. A number of children don’t get any lessons for 2 or 3 days. Some parents get disheartened and keep their children away from school.” Finally it may round out the pic- ture to remember that South Carolina has lynched 134 Negroes in the last 38 years and is, next to Louisiana, the most illiterate state in the Union. By EFFIE NEWSONE HARMING poems and stories have been sent from time to time for THE LITTLE PAGE. We are glad to have space here to present some of these as Christmas Gifts to LITTLE PAGE readers. Fairies and Brownies By GERTRUDE PARTHENIA McBROWN ES, I believe in fairies, I believe in brownies too. Yes, I believe in fairies Because I know they’re true. And if you'll learn to love them, They'll come to play with you. When Ma Goes Out By ANNA LAWSON HEN Ma goes out, we kids “dress up”; Pretend we're “grown-ups” then. Joe gets big brother’s “Sunday vest”, May wears Ma’s dress for “very best”, I, sister’s brand new slippers test, When Ma goes out. We always have a lot of fun With Pa’s old broken gun. We walk, and strut, and toss our heads— Our hands in gloves, tho’ feet in “Keds’”— We dream of castles, not of sheds, When Ma goes out. Fall By EDITH HARRIS EAR Mother Earth is tired, I know, Of wearing flowered frocks so gay. A little fairy told me that Miss Nature packed her frills away. The daisy blue and sweet red rose Perhaps she’ll find are just the thing, When March has swept away the snows, In which to dress herself next spring. She’s picked some new and pretty gowns All trimmed in yellow goldenrods And leaves of red, golden and browns, (Turn to page 352) THe Crisis ee ee ——— aaa ee ee eee at ’ >

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HE essential fight of the Negro | for recognition in America, de- pends in great part upon the public sentiment which can be created in favor of according the full oppor- tunity which is every American citi- zen’s due. Of late years, the best spokesmen in behalf of the Negro’s cause, have been Negro writers, poets, novelists and dramatists, scientists, teachers, actors and singers and the many colored people who by the ex- ample of their lives have demonstrated their race’s case beyond any refutation. Accompanying these individual dem- onstrations, is the campaign incessantly conducted by the National Associa- tion for the Advancement of Colored People in the various channels that reach the white reading public. Chief among these channels are of course the daily newspapers of large circula- tion, that reach every stratum of the American people. The N. A. A. C. P. publicity de- partment sends out upwards of 500 press releases every year, of which most go to the colored editors and ap-: proximately sixty go to the white edi- tors. It may be interesting to exam- ine just what the effect on the white press of these press releases is during a single month, so far as we have been able to obtain records of them. We shall take the month of October, 1927, as a specimen. In that month, the N. A. A. C. P. had occasion to send out a story at- tributing the student strike in Gary, Indiana, designed to oust colored stu- dents from the Emerson High School, to Ku Klux Klan propaganda. This release was sent to white editors and according to latest reports was pub- lished in the following newspapers, whose circulation figures according to Ayer’s Annual for 1925 (many of them considerably increased since then) are as follows: New York Herald-Tribune 270,159 (2 stories) ...... 540,318 New York World ..........378,912 New York Times ....... . 345,149 Dayton, Ohio, News ....... 47,952 Springfield, Mass., Evening DMR es ctr ty Masts kts aes 61,020 Hartford, Conn., Times 46,996 New Haven Register ...... 41,032 Youngstown, Ohio, ’indicator 29,333 Providence, R. I., Bulletin. . 65,082 Boston Traveller ........! Jot Given Hagerstown, Md., Mail ..... 6,601 Charleston, W. Va., Gazette. 20,057 Boston Transcript .......... 34,121 December, 10927

Ber abe Word About Publicity Og Y Tacoma, Wash., News ..... 32,863 Spokane, Wash., Spokesman-Review ....... +7,831 Spokane Chronicle ......... 40,727 Anderson, S. C., Independent ......... Not Given Billings, Mont., Gazette . 9,390 Lake County Times, Ham - WRONG! APRs 2 asens sacs: ves 0 15,362 Wilmington, N. C., Star 6,981 Worcester, Mass., Post ..... 24,181 Lowell, Mass., Courier-Citizen .......... 21,245 Los Angeles Express ........ 96,204 Austin, Texas, 4d merican 11,819 Waco, Texas, News-Tribune. 18,882 Chicago Journal ........... 123,926 Helena, Montana, Record ... 10,000 London, England, Times (watiniaied) — .cccicic oc cass 200,000 2,275,084 It will be seen from this tabulation that the N. A. A. C. P. release was published not only throughout the United States, in every section of the country, but that it reached one of the most important newspapers of Europe, the London Times, and was thereby carried to all parts of the world. The /circulation of 2,275,084 shown for this single release of the N. A. A. C. P. is far below the actual circulation achieved. In the first place, the tabu- lation depends upon clippings fur- nished us by a clipping agency; and such an agency sends in only a frac- tion of the stories published through- out the country. Moreover, the cir- culation of many of the papers, prob- ably most of them, listed in Ayer’s Annual, has increased since 1925. A conservative estimate would raise the circulation of this story to at least five million readers. Let us take another release sent out in the same month. It concerns a murder case in New Jersey, in which Negroes were falsely accused of hav- ing committed a crime. Someone took upon himself to offer by telegram, in the name of the N. A. A. C. P., a re- ward of $2,000 for information lead- ing to the apprehension of those guilty of the crime unjustly charged to col- ored men. While the N. A. A. C. P. sympathized with the point of view expressed in the telegram, it could not be responsible for a reward of $2,000 offered from its funds by an unknown ae EES = om oe *. person. So a denial of the authenti- city of the reward was issued in be- half of the Association. Leaving aside the unsought publicity _— received through the. reward offer, which prob- ably ran into several millions, the N. A. A. C. P. denial was published, at latest reports, in the following pa- pers: New York Evening Post.... New York Times Brooklyn Eagle... ..<.%.- 69,267 31,840 New York News ......... 786,398 York, .Pa., Dispatch <2. o.<e 18,820 New York Telegram ....... 219,488 Chester, Pa., Times ........ 15,547 Oswego, N. Y., Palladium Times ........ 5.132 Boston Herald ............ 236,350 1,727,991 In this same month, two letters were sent to newspaper editors and were widely published on editorial pages of leading newspapers. One of the let- ters concerned the failure to punish the lynchers of the Lowmans in Aiken, South Carolina, and the other letter called attention to the breakdown of law and orderly government incident to Klan domination in Indiana and Alabama. The two letters, according to clippings received, were published as follows: Aiken Lynching Letter: New York World .........378,912 New York Tribune ........ 270,159 Boston Transcript ......... 34,121 Springfield, Mass., FREPGDIICAR.. 2 5 6 2. aces cass 19,318 New York Evening Post 31,840 Portland, Me., Press-Pltrald® oisiccsa ns dees 315 Pittsfield, Mass., Eagle ..... 16,980 Cleveland, Ohio, News...... 164,488 946,933 Letter on Ku Klux Klan: Pittsfield, Mass., Eagle ..... 16,980 asters Piel soi 6 sacesiscicnels 236,350 Cleveland Plain Dealer ....204,773 Denver, Colo., News........ 33,067 491,170 To these figures must be added the circulation of 60,478 of the Washing- ton Post, which reprinted part of the N. A. A. C. P. release to colored edi- tors concerning the fight against segre- gation of the building of the Depart- ment of the Interior of that city. The total circulation attained by two let- ters to editors and three releases sent out by the N. A. A. C. P. in a period of one month, on the basis of clippings 333

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Miss V. Steel 3rd prize lst prize Akron, Ohio 7 St. Louis, Mo. returned to the National Office is 5,501,656, a formidable figure, yet only a fraction of the actual circulation. It is safe to say that the actual cir- culation is at the very least double that indicated by these figures. This circulation in the American and foreign press serving white read- ers shows two things about the pub- licity of the Association. First, that its reputation for accuracy is such, that the Associated Press and other news- distributing agencies, accept and trans- mit without further question the in- formation sent out from the National Office. This confidence in the N. A. A. C. P. releases has been established over a period of years during which only once has the Association had to send out a correction of any news story. Second, the circulation shows not only that information about race relations is news, but that the releases of the Association are news in the opinion of the agencies which distri- bute it and the newspapers which pub- lish it. It is perhaps needless to inform those familiar with the Association’s publicity work that this appeal to white readers through daily newspapers is only one phase of the Association’s work. Most members of the Asso- ciation know that each week about 240 colored editors in all parts of the United States receive a summary of N. A. A. C. P. activities for the week and such other general information on race relations in all parts of the world as there is space for; and that mem- bers of the Executive Staff are fre- quent contributors not only to leading monthly magazines and weeklies but also to more lasting compilations. The chapter on mob violence and lynching in the American Year Book having been written for the past three years by a member of the Executive Staff of the Association. Moreover, the Asso- ciation’s Annual Report and pamphlet publications have a wide circulation among libraries, newspapers and inter- ested individuals. The cumulative effect of this work, 334 Mrs. L. W. Steward N. A, A. C. Miss T. Knox 3rd prize St. Louis, Mo. P. Popularity Contest Miss A. Haines 2nd prize Akron, Ohio with its aggregate of circulation reach- ing probably into the hundreds of mil- lions, is slow. But that it is playing its part in the change in public senti- ment on race relations, stimulating freer discussion, subjecting opinions and facts to sharper and sharper scru- tiny, there can be no doubt. An ex- ample is the old “usual crime” talk in connection with lynching. That bogy is about dead. The apology of the “usual crime” has been killed by facts obtained by N. A. A. C. P. in- vestigators and published to the world by the N. A. A. C. P. And only the most ignorant of benighted rural edi- tors in the South now presume even to allude to it. And if further evi- dence were needed of the change in American public sentiment on race re- lations, there need only be cited the frequency with which newspaper edi- tors publish news releases and letters setting forth in most uncompromising fashion the fundamental position upon which the N. A. A. C. P. and its work are based: equality of opportunity and human treatment for all men irrespec- tive of race or color. 1.2 é DOWNING JIM CROW An excellent object lesson in the value of a persistent and public cam- paign against discrimination is fur- nished by the clear-cut victory won by the Washington, D. C., Branch un- der the leadership of its President, Mr. Neval H. Thomas, against segregation in the Department of the Interior in Washington. In this department, col- ored clerks had been set aside by them- selves. They had been deprived of the services of white stenographers, being obliged to submit matter to them in writing instead of dictating it in per- son. And this procedure, Mr. Hubert Work, Secretary of the Interior, had the face to announce was adopted to promote “efficiency” in the Depart- ment. A campaign was begun against this segregation, and it was pointed out Miss C. Evans 2nd prise St. Louis, Mo. Mrs. M. Towler 3rd prise Long Branch, N. J. also that colored clerks had not been promoted to fill the higher positions of examiners in the Pension Bureau. The campaign involved several per- sonal calls on Mr. Work and an inter- change of letters. In one of his let- ters, replying to Secretary Work’s complaint against “meddling” by “out- siders”’ Mr. Thomas clearly pointed out that he was a taxpayer to the United States government and there- fore no outsider to the administration of a public department; moreover, that he represented a national organization, the N. A. A. C. P., whose business it was, in behalf of American principles, to protest against discrimination, segre- gation and other un-American prac- tices. The publicity department was asked to assist in the fight and assistance was given. Stories were sent out to the colored press of the entire nation, set- ting forth Mr. Work’s excuses, the spirited protests being made not only in behalf of the colored clerks but by the colored clerks themselves, thirty- six out of the forty-two clerks signing a written protest against Mr. Work’s “efficiency” measures. The campaign eventually bore fruit. Two clerks were promoted to the of- fice of examiner. All the clerks were restored to the places they had occu- pied before segregation went into ef- fect. And Mr. Work in a belated statement announced that he had not intended any segregation in the first place and far be it from him to spon- sor any such discrimination as had been charged to him. There were those, among them Washington newspaper correspondents, who were unkind enough to say that Mr. Work’s interest in the Presiden- tial candidacy of Mr. Herbert Hoover and the distasteful publicity given the segregation in the Interior Depart- ment, had something to do with the abrupt termination of the segregation there. In any case, a persistent, re- iterated and widely published demand, that segregation in the Interior De- partment cease, (Turn to page 352) THe Crisis — —_——

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ee —— a A ——— ane AM hurt. There is blood on me. You do not care. You do not know me. You do not know me. You do not care. There is blood on me. Sometimes it gets on you.” You do not care I am hurt. Sometimes it gets on your hands—on your soul evea. You do not care. You do not know me. You do not care to know me, you say, because we are different. We are different you say. You are white, you say. And I am black. You are white and I am black and so we are different, you say. If I am whiter than you, you say I am black. You do not know me. I am all men tinged in brown. I am all men with a touch of black. 1 am you and I am myself. You do not know me. care, you say. You do not AM an inflow of God, tossing about in the bodies of all men: all men tinged and touched with black. I am not pure Africa of five thou- sand years ago. I am you—all men tinged and touched. Not old Africa into somnolence by a jungle that blots out all traces of its antiquity. I am all men. I am tinged and touched. I am colored. All men tinged and touched; colored in a brown body. Close all men in a small space, tinge and touch the Space with one blood -—you get a check-mated Hell. A check-mated Hell, seething in a brown body, I am. I am colored. A check-mated Hell seething in a brown body. You do not know me. You do not care—you say. But still, I am you—and all men. I am colored. A check-mated Hell seething in a brown body. Sometimes I wander up and down and look. Look at the tinged-in-black, the touched-in-brown. I wander and see how it is with them and wonder how long—how long Hell can seethe before it boils over. How long can Hell be check-mated ? Or if check-mated can solidify, if this is all it is? If this is all it is. THE FIRST PORTRAIT E was sitting in the corridor of the Out-Patients Department. He He was sitting in a far corner well out of the way. When the doors opened December, 1927 Drab Rambles First Prize Story, 1927, by MARITA O. BONNER ou ngs. There Are Two Portraits in Their Proper Frame =—_————— a -- at nine o'clock, he had been the first one in. His heart was beating fast. His heart beat faster than it should. No heart should beat so fast that you choke at the throat when you try to breathe. You should not feel it knock- ing — knocking — knocking — now against your ribs, now against some- thing deep within you. Knocking against something deep, so deep that you cannot fall asleep without feeling a cutting, pressing weight laid against your throat, over your chest. A cut- ting, pressing weight that makes you struggle to spring from the midst of your sleep. Spring up. It had beat like that now for months. At first he had tried to work it off. Swung the pick in his daily ditch dig- ging—faster—harder. But that had not helped it at all. It had beaten harder and faster for the swinging. He had tried castor-oil to run it off of his system. Someone told him he ate too much meat and smoked too much. So he had given up his beloved ham and beef and chicken and tried to swing the pick on lighter things. It would be better soon. His breath had began to get short then.. He had to stop oftener to rest between swings. ‘The foreman, Mike Leary, had cursed at first and then moved him back to the last line of dig- gers. It hurt him to think he was not so strong as he had been.—But it would be better soon. E would not tell his wife how badly his heart knocked. It would be better soon. ‘He could not afford to lay off from work. He had to dig. Nobody is able to lay off work when there is a woman and children to feed and cover. The castor oil had not helped. The meat had been given up, even his little pleasure in smoking. Still the heart beat too fast. Still the heart beat so he felt it up in the chords on each side of his neck below his ears.—But it would be better soon. It would be better. He had asked to be let off half a day so he could be at the hospital at ten o’clock. Mike had growled his usual curses when he asked to get off. “What the hell is wrong wit’ you? All you need is a good dose of whis- key!” He had gone off. When the doors of the Out-Patient’s Department opened, he was there. It took him a long time to get up the stairs. The knocking was in his throat so. Beads of perspiration stood grey on his black- brown forehead. He closed his eyes a moment and leaned his head back. A sound of crying made him open them. On the seat beside a woman held a baby in her arms. The baby was screaming itself red in the face, wriggling and twisting to get out of its mother’s arms on the side where the man sat. The mother shifted the child from one side to the other and told him with her eyes, “You ought not to be here!” E had tried to smile over the knocking at the baby. Now he rolled his hat over in his hands and looked down. When he looked up, he turned his eyes away from the baby and _ its mother. The knocking peunded. Why should a little thing like that make his heart pound. He must be badly off to breathe so fast over nothing. The thought made his heart skip and pound the harder. But he would be better soon. Other patients began to file in. Soon the nurse at the desk began to read names aloud. He had put his card in first but she did not call him first. As she called each name, a patient stood up and went through some swinging doors. Green lights—men in white coats —nurses in white caps and dresses filled the room it would seem, from the glimpses caught through the door. It seemed quiet and still, too, as if every- one were listening to hear something. Once the door swung open wildly and an Italian came dashing madly through—a doctor close behind him. The man threw himself on a bench: “Oh God! Oh God! I ain’t that sick, I ain’t so sick I gotta die! No! You don’t really know. I ain’t so sick!” The doctor leaned over him and said something quietly. The nurse brought something cloudy in a glass. The man drank it. By and by he was led out—hiccuping but quieter. ACK in his corner, his heart beat smotheringly. Suppose that had been he? Sick enough to die! Was the dago crazy, trving to run away? Run as he would, the sickness would 335

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be always with him. For himself, he would be better soon. “Peter Jackson! Peter Jackson. Peter Jackson. Five, Sawyer Avenue!” The nurse had to say it twice before he heard through his thoughts. Thump. The beat of his heart knocked him to his feet. He had to stand still before he could move. “Here! This way.” The nurse said it so loudly—so harshly—that the entire room turned around to look at him. She need not be so only felt a little dizzy. hateful. He Slowly he felt along the floor with his feet. Around the corner of the bench. Across the space ‘beside the desk. ‘The nurse pushed open the door and pressed it back. “Dr. Sibley?” she called. The door swung shut behind him. Along each side of the room were desks. Behind each, sat a doctor. When the nurse called “Dr. Sibley”, no one answered, so Jackson stood at the door. His heart rubbed his ribs unnecessarily. “Say! Over here!” The words and the voice made his heart race again.—But he would be better now. He turned toward the direction of the voice, met a cool pair of blue eyes boring through tortoise- rimmed glasses. He sat down. ‘he doctor took a sheet of paper. “What’s your name?” IS heart had been going so that when he said “Peter Jackson’, he could make no sound the first time. ‘“‘What’s your name, I said.” “Peter Jackson.” “How old are you?” “Fifty-four.” “Occupation ? work?” “Day laborer for the city.” “Can you afford to pay a doctor?” Surprise took the rest of his breath away for a second. The question had to be repeated. “T guess so. I never been sick.” “Well, if you can afford to pay a doctor, you ought not to come here. This clinic is for foreigners and people who cannot pay a doctor. Your people have some of your own doctors in this city.” The doctor wrote for such a long time on the paper then that he thought he was through with him and he started to get up. “Sit down.” The words caught him before he was on his feet. “I haven't told you to go anywhere.” “TI thought—,” Jackson hung on his words uncertain. “You needn’t! Don’t think! Open your shirt.” And the doctor fitted a pair of tubes in his ears and shut out his thoughts. 336 Where do you E fitted the tubes in his ears and laid a sieve-like piece of rubber against his patient’s chest. Laid it up. Laid it down. Finally he said: “What have you been doing to this heart of yours? All to pieces. All gone.” Gone. His heart was all gone. He tried to say something but the doctor snatched the tube away and turned around to the desk and wrote again. Again he turned around: “Push up your sleeve,” he said this time. The sleeve went up. A piece of rubber went around his arm above the elbow. Something began to squeeze —knot—drag on his arm. “Pressure almost two hundred,” the doctor shot at him this time. “You can't stand this much longer.” He turned around. He wrote again. He wrote and pushed the paper away. “Well,” said the doctor, “you will have to stop working and lie down. You must keep your feet on a level vith your body.” Jackson wanted to yell with laugh- ter. Lie down. If he had had breath enough, he would have blown all the papers off the desk, he would have laughed so. He looked into the blue eyes. “I can’t stop work,” he said. The doctor shrugged: ‘Then,’ he said, and said no more. Then! Then what? Neither one of them spoke. Then what? Jackson wet his lips: “You mean —you mean | got to stop work to get well ?” “IT mean you have to stop if you want to stay here.” “You mean even if I stop you may not cure me?” HE blue eyes did go down toward the desk then. The answer was a question, “You don’t think I can make a new heart, do you? You only get one heart. You are born with that. You ought not to live so hard.” Live hard? Did this man think he had been a sport? Live hard. Liquor, wild sleepless nights—sleep-drugged, rag-worn, half-shoddy days? That in- stead of what it had been. Ditches and picks. -Births and_ funerals. Stretching a dollar the length of ten. A job, no job; three children and a wife to feed; bread thirteen cents a loaf. For pleasure, church—where he Was too tired to go sometimes. To- bacco that he had to consider twice before he bought. “T ain’t lived hard! I ain’t lived hard!” he said suddenly. “I have worked harder than I should, that’s al}.” “Why didn’t you get another job?” the doctor snapped. “Didn’t need to dig ditches all your life.” ACKSON drew himself up; “I had to dig ditches because I am an ignorant black man. If I was an ignorant white man, I could get easier jobs. I could even have worked in this hospital.” Color flooded the doector’s face. Whistles blew and shrieked suddenly outside. Twelve o'clock. looking for him. He started for the door. Carefully. He must not waste his strength. Rent, food, clothes. He could not afford to lay off. He had almost reached the door when a hand shook him suddenly. It was the doctor close behind him. He held out a white sheet of paper: “Your prescription,” he explained, and seemed to hesitate. “Digitalis. It will help some. I am sorry.” Sorry for what? Jackson found the side-walk and lit his pipe to steady himself. He had almost reached the ditches when he remembered the pa- per. He could not find it. He went on, Mike would be THE SECOND PORTRAIT Y twelve o'clock, noon, the wash- room of Kale’s Fine Family Laun- dry held enough steam to take the shell off of a turtle’s back. Fill tubs with steaming water at six o'clock, set thirty colored women to rubbing and shout- ing and singing at the tubs and by twelve o'clock noon the room is over full of steam. The steam is thick— warm—and it settles on your flesh like a damp fur rug. Every pore sits agape in your body; agape—dripping. Kale’s Fine Family Laundry did a good business. Mr. Kale believed in this running on oiled cogs. Cogs that slip easily—oiled from the lowest to the highest. Now the cogs lowest in his smooth machinery were these thirty tubs and the thirty women at the tubs. I put the tubs first, because they were al- ways there. The women came and went. Sometimes they merely went. Most all of them were dark brown and were that soft bulgy fat that no amount of hard work can rub off of some colored women. All day long they rubbed and scrubbed and sang or shouted and cursed or were silent ac- cording to their thirty natures. Madie Frye never sang or shouted or cursed aloud. Madie was silent. She sang and shouted and cursed with- in. She sang the first day she came there to work. Sang songs of thanks- giving within her. She had needed that job. She had not worked for ten months until she came there. She had washed dishes in a boarding house be- fore that. That (Turn to page 354) THE CrIsIs sceni

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a at tO th id ut il- id it. vn no ng or — ‘ed nt. th- me ks- led ten ad be- 34) ISIS ee as 5 FIRST PRIZE POEMS By MAE V. COWDERY Longings O dance— In the light of moon, A platinum moon Poised like a slender dagger On the velvet darkness of night. To dream— *’Neath the bamboo trees On the sable breast Of earth— And listen to the wind. To croon— Weird sweet melodies Round the cabin door With banjos clinking softly— And from out the shadow Hear the beat of tom-toms Resonant through the years. To plunge— My brown body In a golden pool, And lazily float on the swell Watching the rising sun. To stand— On a purple mountain Hidden from earth By mists of dreams And tears— To talk— With God. Lamps ODIES are lamps And their life is the light. Ivory, Gold, Bronze and Ebony— Yet all are lamps And their lives the lights. Dwelling in the tabernacles Of the most high—are lamps. Lighting the weary pilgrims’ way As they travel the dreary night—are lamps. Swinging aloft in great Cathedrals Beaming on rich and poor alike—are lamps. Flickering fitfully in harlot dives Wanton as they that dwell therein— are lamps. Ivory, Gold, Bronze and Ebony— Yet all are lamps And their lives the lights. Some flames rise high above the horizon And urge others to greater power. Some burn steadfast thru the night To welcome the prodigal home. Others flicker weakly, lacking oil to burn And slowly die unnoticed. December, 1927 PRIZE POEMS, KRIGWA, 1927 What matter how bright the flame How weak? What matter how high it blazes How low? A puff of wind will put it out. You and I are lamps—Ebony lamps, Our flame glows red and rages high within But our ebon shroud becomes a shadow And our light seems weak and low. Break that shadow And let the flame illumine heaven Or blow wind... . blow And let our feeble lights go out. SECOND PRIZE POEM Song to a Dark Gir! By EDWARD SILVERA OUR eyes are bold Like all the stars That blaze in jungle skies. Your lips are sweet Like jungle fruit That no one sells or buys. Your breast is warm Like tropic noons, Like noons of jungle days. Your voice sounds strange Like all the winds That sing wild jungle lays. In your embrace There’s strength and joy And God has given thee A flame to fire Thy soul and burn Within incessantly. #8 | THIRD PRIZE POEM ee er By ETHEL M. CAUTION UT of the hush of night, Out of the sob of morn, (@ut of the sigh of noon, Thy soul was born. Part of the gentle tears That dim fair April’s eyes, Part of the gladsome smiles That warm her skies; Grace of the violet shy, Fragrance of new-born rose, Beauty of every flower That woodland grows; Softness of mild May winds, Sweetness of days in June; Lilt from a melody Of heavenly tune; Out of the ages past, Out of the years to be; Out of his vast unknown God fashioned thee. HONORABLE MENTION My Wish By MARGUERITE A. LOWE rather have the thought of you to hold against my heart, Than any gift that mortal hands have power to impart. I'd rather have the dream of you to keep within my breast, Than any shining dower of gold by for- tune’s few possessed. Ah, love, no sweeter thing than this I’d ask to come to me, That I might keep the thought of you through all eternity. Twilight Fancy By GEORGE L. ALLEN [) USK came dancing down the dale I vike a slim dark maiden, Crowned with blossoms sunset-pale, Dream-perfumed, dew-laden. Black as midnight were her eyes, Crinkly-dark her tresses, Sunbeams, flickering from the skies Wooed her with caresses. Lingering but an instant’s space, All my heart entrancing, Swift and sweet, her warm embrace Stirred my blood to dancing. But when Night, in splendor rare, Set her love-lamps gleaming, Dusk had fled, and left me there Lone, and lorn, and dreaming. 337

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ha wh THE BROWSING READER oe ARY WHITE OVINGTON’S “Portraits in Color’, (The Vik- ing Press), is an attempt to present living portraits of typical American Negroes in the 20th Century. She has not attempted to exhaust the field, but has picked twenty persons, six- teen men and four women who por- tray the various lines of thought and endeavor and the various attitudes and reactions characteristic of this era in the Negroes’ modern development. It is an honest and moving piece cf work, painted neither with sugar nor salt, opinionated and definite, but always frank and clear. One gets after reading a chapter of ten or fifteen pages a definite and un- derstandable impression. It may, it usually does, leave much to the imag- ination. It is by no means a refer- ence book with dates and names and places; but it is something to be read and thought over, disagreed with now and then, applauded much, and cap- able of a rousing in the stranger, or one to the problem born, a feeling of astonishment, gratification and curios- ity at the miraculous way in which human nature throughout one of the most difficult series of tests has reacted in the American scene. One might criticize the book in many ways. In its selection of sub- jects, there are a score of omitted names, difficult to reason about. One might criticize in the various portraits the selection of high lights and shades; but all this would be unimportant when compared with the splendid full- ness of result, the deep sense of sym- pathy and understanding, the human and artistic touch. The book must have meant a great deal of work and thought. And it is interesting and im- portant for young and facile authors to know that Miss Ovington has “written of no one whom I have not met and seen at work. The portraits are drawn frem life”, “The History of the Twenty-Fifth Regiment United States Infantry” edited by one of its Captains, J. H. Nankivell, is a deserving tribute to a celebrated organization. It contains a great deal of information carefully packed in, and most of it for that very reason, almost unreadable. Colored readers will hunt in vain for any ref- erence to the late Colonel Young or any of the colored officers who from time to time have served with the regiment. It is nevertheless an invalu- able work of reference. 338 Qs "Portraits in Color”, “Singing Soldiers”: “Twenty-Fifth Regiment”, “Wonder Book”. Gu = IDs REE, John J. Niles’ “Singing Soldiers’, (Charles Scribner’s Sons) is dedicated “to the American Negro soldiers who made this writing possible”. The au- thor tried to make a collection of United States army war songs and to include many songs sung by soldiers of the United States, ‘but the imag- ination of the white boys did not, as a rule, express themselves in song”. He began to lose interest in his quest until he encountered some Negro troops; not simply the _ semi-profes- sional musician, but “the others, the natural born singers, usually from rural districts, who, prompted by hunger, wounds, homesickness, and the reaction to so many generations of sup- pression, sang the legend of the black man to tunes and harmonies they made up as they went along.” Out of this came the book made up of Negro songs, of all sorts and kinds. It is the most interesting and impressive col- lection. Negro is spelt with a small “n” and most of the illustrations are but caricatures, but the book as a whole is finely and sympathetically done and worth reading and study. The Washington Intercollegiate Club of Chicago, under the editorship of Frederic H. Robb has published the “1927 Intercollegiate Wonder Book” with a survey of Negro educational, athletic, civic and commercial life. It represents an astonishing amount of work and must have meant the expen- diture of much money. It is arranged in a rather bewildering way which makes it difficult to use as a reference book, but as a picture of colored Chi- cago, it is about the best single volume that one could look at. Miss Kathryn M. Johnson sends us a little pamphlet on the biography of Frederick Douglass. It ought to be interesting to young people. The Vanguard Books of the Month include “Company Unions” by Robert W. Dunn, Grace S. Scribner’s “Amer- ican Pilgrimage’, Kropotkin’s Revo- lutionary Pamphlets, stories by the late John Reed and a reprint of some of Proudhon’s social philosophy. They cost but fifty cents each. =e IN THE MAGAZINES E take off our hats to Dorothy Parker for her amusing ‘‘Ar- rangement in Black and White” which appears in the October 8 issue of the New Yorker. Her squib sounds word for word like one thousand conversa- tions we have overheard at parties with smart sprinklings of dusky celebrities. Inevitably there is that fair pinched- faced one with the benevolent eyes who is obviously—too obviously—unpreju- diced and who attempts to convince her audience that she believes in ‘‘ab- so-lute” equality in some such convinc- ing strain: “I haven’t the slightest feeling about colored people. Why I’m just crazy about some of them. Well now, listen, I have this colored laundress. I’ve had her for years and I’m devoted to her. And I want to tell you I think of her as my friend”. Henry Christophe, a Haitian who was born a slave and who died a king, had in all probability, the most drama- tic career of any Negro in the history of the world. John W. Vandercook gives us a magnificent picture of his “Black Majesty” in Harper’s for Oc- tober. Christophe, an untutored man of tremendous size and virility, with the aid of Toussaint L’Ouverture and Jean Jaques Dessalines, waged a fif- teen year war for the political free- dom of Haiti. After his confreres had ruled over Haiti and were killed, Christophe reigned for fourteen years with the iron hand of one who had fought his way to a coveted place. An account of Christophe’s life reads like a play—a play with numerous coun- terplots and interludes in the offing, which, rather than detract from, strengthen the personality of the domi- nant central figure. It’s a fascinating story and we hope you will read it. “It Seems to Heywood Broun” in the Nation for October.19 that H. L. Mencken has overlooked some things in summing up the artistic achievement of the Negro. But perhaps Mr. Mencken does not consider singing, dancing and acting art. And in dis- cussing our artists, he does not take in consideration the difficulties which confront us. For instance, says Mr. Broun, when Countée Cullen invests his poetry with some of the bitterness in his soul, he is called a propagandist, not a poet; but when he writes of trees and whispering winds, he is called an imitator of Keats and Shelley. Tell THE Crisis ce EEE ee eee —

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—a Yew FE) renee RE us, Mr. Mencken, what are we to do? In writing of “South Africa Since the Revolution” in the Atlantic Monthly for August, Lionel Curtis says that “everything ultimately hinges on the relations of black and white”. In South Africa one half of the public revenue is derived directly or indirectly from the mining industry. Drudgery is considered the badge of an inferior race and for this reason the poor whites fail to acquire skill in farming and handicrafts and there is no place fer them in the economic system. On the other hand, they are accorded their full voting rights and the natives, who labor in the mines and in the fields, are not. Mr. Curtis further discloses the political corruption of the Im- perial Government and points out that the natives can not look to the govern- ment to safeguard their rights. One phase of the prejudice practiced “within the race” is discussed by G. A. Steward in Social Forces for Sep- tember under the title “The Black Girl Passes”. Mr. Steward tells of the tragedy of our ebon-hued sister in Negro society—how she is shoved into the least desirable positions in the eco- nomic world and how Negro men, re- gardless of the depth of their own color, prefer the “teasing brown” and “high yellow” types as wives. A scientific study of ‘Some Physi- cal Characteristics of the American Negro Population” by Melville J. Herskovits appears in the same issue of Social Forces. Mr. Herskovits comes to a few interesting conclusions regarding the future possibility of a homogeneous American Negro type. That the Negro can legitimately claim at least a fourth of the credit for “The Literary Awakening in the South” is the opinion of Herschel Brickell in the October Bookman. The artistic metamorphosis of the South- land is due not only to contact and education which have resulted in new ideas, but also to the migration of the Negro to the North. This sweeping exodus has broken old industrial tra- ditions and has invested the South with a new vigor in all lines of activ- ity which only a revolutionary change can bring about. Mr. Herschel dis- cusses the work of a long list of South- ern-born literary folk, chief among whom are Paul Green, Du Bose Hey- ward, T. S. Stribling and Julia Peter- kin. All of these people have capital- ized the facts of Negro life which they meet day by day. Wallace Thurman crowds the color- ful thing which is Harlem life onto a small but complete canvas in the Haldeman-Julius Quarterly for Octo- ber, November and December. He describes ‘““Negro Life in New York’s Harlem” from the seething life of the “Cotton Club” where dark-tinged singers moan weeping blues and wrig- gle their sinuous bodies in graceful, mad dancing, to the magnificent and dignified church edifices, each one crowded to capacity on Sunday morn- ings; and from the row upon row of exclusive apartment hotels housing Harlem’s élite, to the upper Fifth Ave- nue tenements with their crowds of poverty-stricken families. Mr. Thurman writes on the same subject under the title of “Harlem Facets” in the World Tomorrow for November; but he does not treat Har- lem in this instance with sympathy and grace and depth. We don’t like Mr. ‘Thurman’s half-hearted excuses for the lack of energy Harlem Negroes dis- play in commercial fields. He says: “There are no Negro bankers in Har- lem, but there are a great number of eminently successful real estate opera- tors. There are no capitalistic com- bines...., but there are many moneyed entrepeneurs operating and owning minor businesses. Negroes in Harlem do not own a theatre or a dance hall of their own, but they do own over $60,000,000 worth of real estate... .” It is not enough (Turn to page 358) December, 10927 7 “Christmas Comes but Once a Year!” 339

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ei ALONG THE COLOR LINE i PERSONAL @ Sheadrick B. Turner, a_ well- known colored attorney and political figure of Chicago, Illinois, is dead at the age of 55 years. Mr. Turaer was born at West Feliciana, Louisiana, and migrated to Chicago at the age of 17. He was a graduate of the Chicago law School and was elected to the Illinois state legislature in 1914. @ C. E. Gibson, 52 years old, the first colored man to be appointed to the Washington, D. C. Fire Department, has been retired after 27 years’ service. @ The Federal Clothing Store, lo- cated at Washington, D. C., has em- ployed a colored woman, Mrs. La Ray Bailey, as saleslady. @ The Rockefeller Foundation has appointed Roscoe C. Bruce as super- visor of its new Dunbar Garden Apartments in New York City with 541 apartments for colored tenants. Mr. Bruce was formerly Assistant Su- perintendent of Schools at Washing- ton, 1... @ Mrs. Clarissa Scott-Delaney, wife of Attorney Hubert Delaney of New York City and daughter of Dr. and Mrs. Emmett J. Scott of Washing- ton, D. C., died recently at Washing- ton. Mrs. Delaney was born 26 years ago at Tuskegee Institute, Alabama, and was educated there and at Brad- ford Academy and Wellesley College. She was graduated in 1923, with class honors and was elected to the Phi Beta Kappa. Prior to her marriage in 1926, Mrs. Delaney was a member of the Dunbar High School faculty at Wash- ington for three years. @ William Hallock Johnson, a form- er white professor, was installed Oc- tober 20 as president of Lincoln Uni- versity, Pennsylvania. The exercises were held in Livingstone Hall and a large number of educators and promi- nent persons from all sections of the country attended. @ Mme. Lillian Evanti, the well- known coloratura soprano of Washing- ton, D. C., is just closing her Ameri- can tour. Among the places that she has appeared in recital are: ‘Tuskegee In- stitute, Atlanta, Norfolk, Boston, Chi- cago, Denver, Omaha and Kansas City. q@ Dr. E. W. Lomax, founder and head of the Lomax Hospital, Blue- field, West Virginia, is dead at the age of 40 years. Dr. Lomax was gradu- ated from Shaw University and served his interneship at Freedmen’s Hospital, Washington, D. C. @ “Blind Boone’, Negro concert pianist, who retired a few months ago, died recently at Warrensburg, Mis- souri, at the age of 63 years. @ Miss Mabel Byrd, who resigned her position as Business and Industrial Secretary of the Brooklyn, New York, Y. W. C. A., is now connected with the Industrial Labor Organization of the League of Nations, at Geneva, Switzerland. @ Hubert T. Delaney of New York City, whose appointment as Assistant United States Attorney for the South- ern District of New York was an- nounced October 12, is a graduate of the College of the City of New York where he received the B. A. degree, and of the Law Department of New York University. me @ Inauguration services for M. P. Burley as president of Miles Memo- rial College at Birmingham, Alabama, were held October 20. @ Aaron Douglas, art critic of THE Crisis, decorated the Club Ebony, New York, which opened on October 5. Mr. Douglas used as his motif African and American Negro themes. @ S. W. Rutherford of Washington, D. C., Secretary and General Man- ager of The National Benefit Life In- surance Company, tendered a banquet to Major R. R. Wright, Sr., Presi- dent of the Citizens and Southern Bank and Trust Company and of the National Negro Bankers Association, early in October. @ James F. Stewart, the only Negro undertaker in Salisbury, Maryland, was appointed by Governor Ritchie of Maryland, to serve on the Interracial Commission of the state. @ John M. Avery, Vice-President and Secretary of the North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company, of Durham, N. C., is the only colored man mentioned in ‘Prominent Patrons ot Life Insurance’’, an article appear- ing in the Spectator magazine. Mr. Avery is credited with having $131,- 500 insurance on his life. @ On his recent visit to New York City, D. T. Wint, a Negro member ot the Jamaican Legislature, who has been teuring the United- States and Canada, was tendered a banquet by former residents of the British West Indies. Mr. Wint is one of the most progressive and influential leaders in the West Indies. Anita Matthews 3rd prise Roanoke, Va. Kathleen Miller lst prize Newark, N. J. 340 N. A. A. C. Joseph Sizer, Jr. Ist prise Minneapolis, Minn. Prize Babies William Martin 2nd prise Roanoke, Va. Mary Allen 2nd _ prize Minneapolis, Minn. Marylyn Stoval 3rd prize Minneapolis, Minn. THE Crisis — Re ES ee — rrr. si ee _cctn A “Pe ~ a T

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Rubens: The Adoration of the Wise Men After the Painting in the Antwerp Museum, Belgium December, 1927

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+ Jubilee Day, 1927, at Fisk University SOCIAL PROGRESS @ Five thousand colored victims of the recent tornado in St. Louis, Mis- souri, were helped by Poro College. fifteen hundred were fed each day at the college and the auditorium was turned into sleeping quarters. @ A case which has aroused much in- terest among Chinese and Negroes, is that of the decision of the school au- thorities in the Rosedale school dis- trict, Bolivar County, Mississippi, that Chinese children should attend schools provided for Negroes. The case will be brought up before the Supreme Court of the United States, which must decide whether or not states can prohibit the darker races from attend- ing schools provided for whites. @ The new $500,000 Lincoln Thea- ter, one of the finest show houses in America catering to colored patronage, opened in Los Angeles, California, Oc- tober 7. Curtis Carpentier is the Ne- gro house manager. @ The formal opening of the Ken- ney Memorial Hospital at Newark, N. J., took place October 14. The hospital has modern equipment for service in general medicine, surgery and gynecology. @ A letter of protest has been sent to the Chairman of the housing com- mittee which placed the delegates to the recent convention of the American Legion in Paris, France. The protest states that all of the Negro delegates were sent to one place and that the “mere housing of twenty Negroes in one place is no mere freak of chance, but the result of a well worked out plan”. @ The Division of Negro Literature and History at the West 135 Street branch of the New York Public Li- brary opened October 1. The Akeley Collection from the Congo has been augmented by a part of the Blondiau Collection of primitive African art which was exhibited last spring in New York City. @ The Dark Tower, a tea room dedi- cated to Negro writers, sculptors, mu- sicians and composers, was opened re- 242 cently in New York City by Mme. A’Lelia Walker. @ At the Southeastern Fair held at Atlanta, Georgia, the week beginning October 10, the Negro exhibit was a striking evidence of the progress of the Negro on the farm, in the home and school. The exhibit occupied a floor of the agricultural building. @ Construction of the $118,000 Y. M. C. A. building at Atlantic City, N. J., has practically reached comple- tion. The building is three stories in height and contains a gymnasium, reading, locker, shower, class, billiard and assembly rooms. The third floor contains 30 bedrooms, with sleeping accommodations for 66 people. @ The report of the United States Census of Agriculture of 1925 states that: In Oklahoma, out of a colored tarm population of 98,044, 42,533 live on owned farms; in Arkansas, out of 277,000, there are 59,583 on owned tarms; 115,313 out of a farm popula- tion of 524,343 live on owned farms in Georgia; Kentucky has a farm population of 52,335 with 27,085 liv- ing on owned farms; and Tennessee, with a colored farm population of 167,810 has 51,472 living on owned farms. @ Out of forty-six heroic acts recog- nized by the Carnegie Hero fund Com- mission recently, two were performed by Negroes. Edward A. Mitchell, Gloucester Industrial School, Glouces- ter County, Va., died trying to save a boy from being electrocuted by a high-voltage wire at Cambria, Va., July 10, 1925. A bronze medal went to his widow with death benefits of $55 a month with $5 additional for each of two children. Luke Erwin, Tyler, Texas, saved a farmer from suffocating in a well at Ringgold, Ga., September 11, 1925. Mr. Erwin re- ceived a bronze medal, @ Anthony Memorial Hall, the main recitation building at Storer College, Harpers Ferry, W. Va., was demol- ished by flames late in October. It is estimated that the total loss was $50,- 000. The insurance carried was one third of that amount. EDUCATION @ The office of the Fisk Alumni Sec- retary, A. J. Allison, was opened October 1 with headquarters at Fisk University, Nashville, Tenn. This of- fice will serve as a clearing house of information from the University to the alumni and of interesting news concerning the progress of Fiskites. @ Fisk University paid tribute to the founders of the institution and the memory of its famed Jubilee Singers on October 6. This date was the 56th anniversary of the Jubilee Singers, a band of nine, who, together with their teacher, George L. White, left Nash- ville in 1871 to secure funds. @ Cheyney Institute, Pa., celebrated Cheyney Day October 22. The exer- cises were designed to present the work of the school in such a way as to arouse interest and cooperation on the part of Negroes in the work at Chey- ney. MEETINGS @ A meeting to sponsor interracial amity, was held October 21 under the auspices of the Baha’is of New “York and Brooklyn. Among the speakers were Horace Holley, Wandeyne Mathews and Mrs. Mary H. Ford. The Governor Lands at Tortola! THE Crisis

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so ~~ - al 1€ rs 1e SIS i a . A A LN if Pe ee. CE i The Miller High School, Helena, Ark. @ .The eighth annual State Interra- cial Conference, was held at Louis- ville, Ky., November 4 and 5. Among the speakers were Dr. W. W. Alex- ander, director of the Southern In- terracial Commission and Dr. George E. Haynes, interracial secretary of the Federal Council of Churches. @ The World Unity Conference, to create harmony and _ understanding among all religions, races and nations, was held in New York City, October 10, 11 and 12. Dr. Franz Boas, An- thopologist of Columbia University and Dr. Mordecai Johnson, President of Howard University, were among the speakers. @ A number of important research projects having to do with Negro life and conditions were decided upon at the recent meeting of the Commission on Interracial Cooperation, held at Hanover, N. H. The interracial re- lations committee of the Commission is composed of: Dr. W. W. Alexan- der, Dr. Howard W. Odum, Dr. Joseph Peterson, Dr. T. Wingate Todd, Charles S. Johnson, Monroe N. Work and Dr. Carter G. Wood- son. AFRICAN MANDATES @ The Permanent Mandates Com- mission at Geneva is a committee un- der the League of Nations, which has general charge of the former German Colonies. There are eleven members and M. Van Rees is chairman. Last year the commission sought the power to question the rights mandatories had been assuming and to receive petitions from the natives; but South Africa, Great Britain and Japan resisted this and the right was not granted. The Commission has, however, taken South Africa to task for its high-handed ac- tions in South West Africa, and finds a tremendous increase of liquor im- portation in the French and British Mandates. There were 884,000 litres imported into the French Mandate in 1926 and 545,000 gallons into the Eng- lish Gold Coast and Togoland and 1,350,000 gallons into British Nigeria, including the Cameroons. LIBERIA @ President King of Liberia has vis- December, 1927 ited Germany where he was received by the president, Field Marshall Von Hindenburg and entertained at lunch- eon. Full military honors were given him. Reichs-Chancellor and Mrs. Marks gave a banquet for the party. In Holland the President and Mrs. King were received by the Master of Ceremonies to Her Majesty the Queen and entertained at dinner by the Queen. At Geneva, President King was officially received by the secretary of the League of Nations, Sir Eric Drummond and. by Mr. Albert Thomas, Director of the International Labor. Organization. He was enter- tained at dinner by the Canadian dele- gate to the League of Nations. The president of the Swiss Republic, Sir Austin Chamberlain, and others were present. On his return the president spent four days in London and then went to Liverpool where after vari- cus official entertainments, he sailed for Africa, October 12, on the Accra. This is probably the most distinguished series of official receptions that a Negro ruler has been accorded in modern times. ABYSSINIA @ The landed wealth of Ethiopia, ac- cording to the American Department of Commerce, is enormous. Not only has it rich soil suitable for grain and rubber, but it also has stores of coal, copper, silver, iron, potash and mica. Coffee grows wild and one million do!- lars worth is already being exported annually. The imports are chiefly salt and cotton goods. Salt, and silver dollars made in Austria, are the cur- rency. The silver is horded. @ The American Pro-Falasha Com- mittee of Jews have raised $50,000 for work among the black Jews of Abys- sinia. A college is to be established at Addis-Abeba. WEST AFRICA @ Seventeen colored civil servants of the Gold Coast have been awarded certificates and badges of honor by King George for service to the colony. @ Nigeria spent for public health £285,000 in 1925 and £475,000 in 1926. The birth rate is estimated at 29.9 per mille and the death rate 27.3. The infant mortality shows that one- third of the children die before they are five years old. Hospitalization is being pushed. @ Great Britain, after attacking Abyssinia for slavery, has found her- self with a slave problem in Sierra Leone. Domestic slavery had never been abolished and by legal decision last July, runaway slaves could be recaptured. After January 1, 1928, the legal status of slavery will ite abol- ished. This will affect between two and three hundred thousand slaves. @ Mrs. Caseley Hayford has returned from America to her Girls Vocational School in Sierra Leone. An Ameri- can Committee consisting of three white and three colored persons, under Professor Mabel Carney of Columbia, has provided for thirty scholarships. @ Solomon B. Taylor, who received his Masters degree in agriculture at Cornell, has been appointed by the Sierra Leone Government as principal of the Nyala School. Paul O. Cor- doza of Lagos, has received the same degree from Cornell and I. Phillips of Nigeria has received his B. S. de- gree with honors at Birmingham Uni- versity, England. @ During the past twenty-five years the revenue of the Gold Coast has risen from £333,283 to £4,365,320. The two chief causes of this rapid progress are cocoa and shipping. In the Parade of Progress, State Fair, Pueblo, Col. 343

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The Chicago Art League By WILLIAM McKNIGHT FARROW Miss E. M. Lewits HICAGO is rapidly becoming one of the most artistic cities in the United States through its magnificent public buildings, its won- derful’ parks and its system of beauti- ful boulevards. There are spots in this great city, however, of which we never boast and which we would like to hide from the eyes of sight-seers but, unfortunately, our elevated railroads pass through some of these most. unsightly neighbor- hoods. It is bad enough for our own eyes to be continuously assaulted with such dirt and disorder but the effect on our visitors is most detrimental to Our civic reputation. If, after passing through such a lo- cality for several years you should ac- cidentally glance out upon a vista of beautiful back yards; tastefully painted homes with fresh, clean curtains at the windows, flowers and vines making in- teresting patterns against walls and fences; neatly clad people quietly at- tending their tasks; clean looking chil- dren picking up papers and burning rubbish in streets and alleys; velvety Lawrence Wilson 344 Mrs. I. B. Brewer Claude Guess Some Members of the League Mrs. G. Glover Mr: lawns where bare earth littered with ashes and cans had formerly been— you would have to pinch yourself to WV. M. Farrow make sure you had not inadvertently fallen asleep, or, if you are one of those who still partake of the sparkling glass, Charles Dawson Arthur Diggs P. Callis Wiss M. Brackett you might wonder what all-powerful mixture it had been your luck to have tasted that morning. Yet such a change of appearance is by no means as impractical as it might seem and, with such an ideal in mind, for their community, an earnest little group of artists and their friends met and organized the Chicago Art League, which, for the past four years has functioned as a special division of the Educational Department of the Wabash Y. M. C. A., carrying on its work through lectures, demonstrations, exhibitions and special articles con- tributed to the press by its members. You may be interested in the per- sonnel of the Chicago Art League. Nine of its members, one a winner in 1923 of a national poster contest, one a mural painter of distinction, one a member of the staff of the Art Insti- tute of Chicago, and three who have exhibited in local, national, or inter- national exhibitions at the Art Insti- tute and other museums or galleries of equal importance, are making their living entirely in (Turn to page 358) Ellis Wilson THE Crisis ——e! ee — ’

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~ a — —————— he THE FAR HORIZON a THE HAMPTON STRIKE N ONLOOKER writes us: “Now that the strike is over, the task seems to be to explain to the outside world what caused the great- est upheaval in Hampton’s history. ‘Through my own observations and experiences, and what I have learned from others I have become keenly aware of the state of hypocrisy, racial prejudice, and backwardness into which Hampton has fallen. I myself have suffered keenly and racial antip- athy has grown within me. “Rumors of the general unrest among the students and of the pr.s- nects of an uprising had reached me a week or two before the incident oc- curred which kindled the flame. Con- sequentiy, at the moment of its in- cipiency, some of us realized the seri- ousness of the situation, but we were in a sad minority. Others laughed and scored the childish actions of the students, calling them fools. “The administration forced the issue which resulted in practically seven hundred students leaving the campus last Friday and Saturday by the very domineering and unsympa- thetic manner in which they handled the situation from beginning to end. Dr. Gregg publicly acknowledged to the students that he was somewhat hasty in his first ultimatum of last Monday. The sad part of the situa- tion was, however, that they did not profit by their first mistakes and con- tinued on with the same threatening, nonconciliatury policy which precipi- tated the disaster. Even now they do not realize that Hampton has been dealt a serious blow, and are carrying on in the same high-handed manner, not realizing if every student should return, the Administrative Board failed in ever forcing them to leave. “Very much depends on public opin- ion in this affair. The authorities are crediting this strike as the work of disobedient boys and girls who were led on to do what they did. On the other hand, each student I have talked with has impressed me with the seri- ous attitude he has taken in the mat- ter—with each one of them it became a holy cause. The strike to them was not a prank, in fact it was partly forced on them; but when they found themselves too deeply involved to back out, they went straight ahead with great religious fervor. Previous peti- tions have always been ignored; their December, 1927 student council has six faculty mem- bers; and they felt drastic action was necessary if they were to be heard this time. Many are arguing that the stu- dents went about their strike in the wrong manner; but be that as it may, they carried it through in an orderly and manly fashion that brought com- mendation on every side. “The next thing is, of course, what is to come of it? Classes began in- formally this morning to occupy those students that are on the grounds. The formal opening is scheduled for Octo- ber 25. The authorities are very op- timistic and feel that all will go on as before. Others of us do not feel as confident. Last night there were 300 students here; today, others have come in so that there are possibly 400. Many are here because of parental or- der and others, because they have no other alternative. It has been a ter- rible ordeal to witness the struggle some of them have gone through, teel- ing that they cannot stay, yet cannot go. Many may return, but I fear that a feeling of dissatisfaction and unrest will be present in them in a greater degree than ever. Some have found that other schools have closed their doors to them; others away from the crowd have lost their enthusiasm. But there are others who will neve return, and they are the best of the school. Dr. Gregg acknowledged that the leaders in the strike were the fore- most men on the campus and _ those who had been some years in the in- stitution. The wholesale slaughter that has come about of the school’s best is too great for good to come of it and the Negro world should be made to see the justice in the students’ stand. “The conciliatory steps taken by some of the white teachers have been most amusing. ‘They threw aside the protecting garment of the Massenburg Bill and the wife of the most preju- diced leader on the campus, whose home is never open to any but the white teachers, sponsored auto partics to take the girls to Yorktown, some thirty miles away! Other white- haired ladies wandered around with checker boards, organized sewing bees, gave teas in their rooms, pop-corn par- ties, and other rather silly amusements as a sop. They cannot realize that there has been a fundamental upheaval which cannot be appeased by simple pastimes. Many pleaded with tears in their eyes to no avail, for the girls laughed in their faces. They cannot understand that these students for whom they have sacrificed their lives to ‘civilize’, (in the meantime receiv- ing very comfortable salaries and liv- ing quarters which they might have difficulty in securing elsewhere) cou!d feel anything but the deepest respect and gratitude toward them. “The teachers as a body do not un- . derstand these Negro students, the Ad- ministrative Board does not understand them, Dr. Gregg does not understand them—and the tragedy is that they never will. I have found a few, a very few white people who believe in the ideal for which Hampton is sup- posed to stand, but whose faith has been deeply shaken by this whole af- fair. As a friend said to me the other day: ‘I believe that interracial ex- periments will always fail, not because of the impossibility to effect them, but because we cannot be careful enough in the selection of representatives of each side’. “Dr. Gregg at a workers’ meeting last evening issued an ultimatum to workers as well. He said that he had been made aware that there were those among them who were student sympathizers and such persons as these were not wanted at Hampton under the regime of the present Administra- tion. Loyalty on the part of the teach- ers to the present administration is just as necessary as the loyalty of stu- dents, and those who felt that they cannot back up the present policies were politely asked to get out.” A citizen writes: “The students claim that ever since the iniquitous Massenburg Bill which required the separation of the races in public halls of Virginia, including Hampton School, that the Principal of the school has been less social with the students than ever before; that he has placed in some of the trades de- partments of the school white .nen from the Ku Klux sections of the Pen- insula, one of whom died and was buried with honors from the Kluxers; that members of the faculty from the North have referred to the students as ‘heathen’, without, of course, desig- nating any particular misdemeanant and that it has been assumed that the students were of such low character that they would undertake sexual con- tact during a play unless the lights were on, even to the extent of destroy- 345

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ing the effect of the moving pictures or play. Even men who are now em- ployed at the school say that conditions there had become almost intolerable because of a subtle influence, such as putting white men over Negroes, some of whom could not write a sentence of English correctly. The whole atmos- phere at Hampton has changed since the Editor of the Daily Press sought and succeeded in having a law passed separating the races in public halls.” The white Virginian-Pilot adds in a leading editorial: “Down in Alabama student leaders in the State Polytechnic Institute, a white institution, are petitioning the board of trustees to remove the presi- dent. At Hampton Institute, a col- ored establishment, the mutiny is of another order, but of the same generic origin—the new critical attitude that is sweeping American undergraduate bodies. The day of the humble stu- dent body accepting uncritically and unprotestingly every item of the re- gime prescribed for them by the fac- ulty and administrative officers, is about over. To dismiss this develop ment cavalierly as part of the un- American Youth Movement, is not to do it justice. The phenomenon is bet- ter understood as part of the shedding of repressions that is characteristic of today’s vouth nearly everywhere in the world, particularly in the United States. What student bodies sense as grievances, what they regard as admin- istrative shortcomings, are no longer to be brusquely brushed aside as incon- sequential. Between faculty and stu- dents there must be a sort of partner- ship, and a partnership, to be a suc- cess, must rest on mutual confidence and co-operation. Such facts as have come to light about the trouble at Hampton suggest that the students acted too peremptor- ily. The strike is an ugly weapon— distinctly not the weapon suited to righting of undergraduate grievances. But the grievances remain and must be dealt with. Those that are with- out foundation will fall of their own weight, but those that have substance, will continue to plague the Hampton administration until they are cor- rected.” The names of the Student Protest Committee are as follows: Alfred V. Moore, President of Col- lege Lyceum. John Casey, President of Student Council, ex-President Y. M. C. A. Lee A. Valentine, Lieutenant-Colo- nel Cadet Corps. William A. Willie, Captain-Adju tant, Cadet Corps. Saul M. Perdue, Captain, Cadet Corps. Evan T. Wood, 2nd Lieutenant, Cadet Corps. 346 G. James Fleming, Ist Lieutenant, Cadet Corps, Valedictorian, 1926. Rudolph Renfrow, Ist Lieutenant, Cadet Corps, Valedictorian, 1927. Fleming R. Waller, President of Society of Scientific Study. Cyril W. Stephens, President of So- ciety for the Study of Negro History; author of “Tribal Honor”. Roger Laws, President of Class of 1929. Claud J. Amis, Major, Cadet Corps. C. Orin Jeffries, 1st Lieutenant, Cadet Corps. Robert A. Coles, Captain, Cadet Corps, President of Athletic Associa- tion. J. T. Eugene Henderson, Secretary Society for the Study of Negro His- tory. Besides these there were: Denton Johnson. Cecil Spellman. E. A. Mebane. Howard Rollins. Theester Coleman. J. L. Houck. Stephen Mims. We consider it an honor to publish these names of the students who are acknowledged to have been among the best and brightest in the institution. We shall publish their pictures next month. THE BLACK VOTER HICKENS are coming home to roost. The story 1s told in “The Solid South” a printed address deliv- ered by Henry W. Anderson at the Institute of Public Affairs held at the University of Virginia last August. He tells of the disfranchisement of the Negro, 1905-10: “The avowed purpose of these con- stitutions and laws was to eliminate the Negro vote without violating the Fifteenth Amendment to the Federai Constitution. This was generally ac- complished by fixing difficult and com- plicated requirements for registration and voting, with exceptions which only applied to certain limited classes; by vesting discretionary powers in regis: trars and other election officers which could be exercised in favor of those friendly to the dominant organization and against its opponents; and by so arranging the electoral machinery that it could always be controlled by the dominant organization regardless of the political majority in the local com- munities. It is not surprising that these people who had been harassed by problems of supreme difficulty for a generation should have turned to any measures which promised relief. It is unfor- tunately true, however, that many of the mistakes which have been most fatal to or destructive of human free- dom in the past have been inspired by motives equally worthy, and the Southern people were now to be taught again the age-old lesson that a free civilization cannot be built upon op- pression of minorities, or unjust laws; that discriminatory legislation, how- ever worthy its purpose, only places in the hands of the unscrupulous a power which will inevitably be used to maintain control of government, and if permitted to continue must lead to the destruction of all social and po- litical freedom. The results of these measures were soon made manifest. The primary purpose of these new constitutions or laws was soon effected. The Negroes were disfranchised. The Negro vote has since been so small that it is no longer a material factor in the political situation. But the process of disfranchisement did not stop there. The machinery of dis- crimination, devised primarily for this purpose, was then employed by the dominant party organization to effect a disqualification of a large proportion of the white population opposed to that organization, while unchallenged control of one political group permitted or encouraged political corruption. As a result of these measures the vote qualified or cast in the Southern States has been so reduced that it includes only a small minority of the popula- tion. So small is this vote that the State and local officeholders constitute or easily control a majority. Gov- ernors and other State officers are sometimes elected by less than 10 per cent of the population of voting age. The politically Solid South is thus maintained, but at the price of politi- cal freedom. A large majority of the people of these States no longer have any part in their government. The free expression of the will of the peo- ple no longer exists. Popular govern- ment has thus been destroyed, and there have been substituted in its stead self-perpetuating political oligar- chies, controlled by the office-holding groups in the several States who are obedient to the party organizations and use the agencies of government and the taxing power to maintain the con- trol of those organizations. This condition will more clearly ap- pear from an examination of the ac- tual vote in presidential elections, which is generally larger than in State and local elections. In 1888 the com- bined population of the eleven South- ern States was in round numbers 15,- 500,000. Women were not then vot- ing. In the presidential election of that year the eleven States of the Solid South cast an aggregate of 2,100,000 votes, or approximately one vote for every seven of (Turn to page 351) THE Crisis $$ A SN ee. eH

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us ct on to ed ea As ote tes des la- the ute OV- are per ie. hus liti- the ave The e0- erli- and its yar- ling are and and con- - ap- aa ions, state com- yuth- 15,- vot- n of Solid ).0N0 for 351) /-RISIS ~ Pesan DuLous ———__ KRIGW A, 1927 HE Editors of THE Crisis, with the aid and suggestion of various authors, artists and experts with whom they consulted, have decided to distribute THE CRISIS prizes as follows: Prizes in Literary Art and Expres- sion offered out of the gift of Mrs. Amy E. Spingarn, who now for the third year is expressing her faith and interest in Negro ability: First Prize Miss Marita O. Bonner, ton, 0: C.. for: “The Purple Flower”, a fantasy. “Exit”, a play. “Drab Rambles”, a short story. “The Young Blood Hungers’”, an essay. Washing- NE FINE hi ods cane € ox $100 Miss Brenda Ray Moryck, Wash- ington, D. C., for: “Old Days and New’”’, a short story. “Days”, a short story. “Her Little Brother’, a short story. RE TUBER art sling sighe ad oad Cie ae $50 Miss Eulalie Spence, New York City for: “Hot Stuff”, a play. “Undertow”, a play. Honorable Mention Mrs. Esther P. Young, Texas. Hubert A. Brown, Massachusetts. Julian E. Bagley, California. Miss Angel Estha Renn, California. George A. Singleton, Illinois. Nathan Ben Young, Missouri. John F. Matheus, West Virginia. S. Randolph Edmonds, Maryland. Prizes in Poetry, oftered by the Pro- gram and Literature Department of the Empire State Federation of Wo- men’s Clubs through Mrs. A. W. Hunton ($100), and by Mr. Carl Brandt ($125). PGR ANE. has baie vinad exe aloo Miss Mae Cowdery, Philadelphia, Pa., for: “Longings”’. “Lamps”. Second Prize Edward Silvera, Lincoln, Pa., for: “Song to a Dark Girl”. ‘ MI soos oh: otp ae RVs ew wR $25 Miss Ethel M. Caution, New York City, for: PO a 6 oes December, 1027 Honorable Mention Miss Marguerite York. George L. Allen, North Carolina. Prizes for Covers, from Mrs. Spin- garn’s gift: Pee PIE soon can bavcadwsy Qae Miss Vivian S. Schuyler, New York City for: “Lift Every Second Prize Roscoe C. Wright, Roxbury, for: “Black Womanhood Unfettered”’. Third Prize... Cornelius W. Johnson, Chicago, IIl., for: “A Chicago Chap”. PGC PVE? Ss. ee Nie awe $10 Allan R. Freelon, Philadelphia, Pa., for: “A Jungle Nymph”’. Honorable Mention William S. Carter. Joseph C. Carpenter, Jr., ton, DEC. Clifford Chelterham, New York. Bennie H. Robynson, New York. George B. Morse, New York. Cornelius W. Johnson, Illinois. Solomon W. Griffin, New York. Handsel G. Bell, Arizona. Roscoe C. Wright, Massachusetts. Nathaniel Bailey, New Jersey. Edwin Smith, New York. Lucille C. Rogers. Leon J. Moore, New York. Prizes for Songs, offered by Mrs. } R. Mathews: GEE TEBE ibis Doe iv ndkc os $100 Edna Rosalyne Heard, California. A. Low, New Voice and Sing”. Mass., Washing- POR IE sic ss Ss aiges ve $25 Miss Jeannette L. Norman, New York. Honorable Mention Miss Velma D. Nutter, Pennsyl- vania. J. Harvey Herbron, Pennsylvania. THE BUSINESS PRIZES HERE were also offered in our prize announcement, $725 for short stories, essays and cartoons “to stimulate general knowledge of bank- ing and insurance in modern life and specific knowledge of what American Negroes are doing in these fields, and to collect facts for impressions concern- ing Negro workers and their relation to Negro business”’. To our great surprise only 13 of the 375 entries were made for this com- petition. This, we think, is much too small a number and with the consent of the donors, therefore, we are extend- ing the time of entry for these prizes until July Ist, 1928. As a prominent Negro Life Insurance Company Presi- dent writes us: “This situation brings to mind very forcibly the fact that there is not enough interest on the part of either the young people, or the public gen- erally, in the development of business. Some way must be devised whereby more thought can be given to business than has been given in the past. “T am very glad to know that THE Crisis is going to continue to call at- tention to this phase of our racial life and that it will continue to hammer on this proposition until some sort of spirit has been developed.” OTHING is more startling or interesting than the economic de- velopment of the American Negro from slavery to freedom. ‘The story should engage the attention of our best thinkers and writers. We are going to do everything we can during the next year to direct the attention of young writers and artists to this phase of our development, and we offer for the year 1928, at least $725 in prizes. Those who have already entered articles may leave them with us for final judgment or may revise them or may send others. THE HAMPTON STRIKE HE most sinister thing about the Hampton strike, is not the atti- tude of the authorities of Hampton. It has long been known, and the knowledge discounted among American Negroes, that Hampton trustees and teachers did not all have feelings, opinions or ideals toward American Negroes, which were acceptable to self- respecting black men. There has al- ways been at Hampton a degree of race discrimination and of repression that has been hateful and exasperating. It has long been endured, just as beg- gars often endure the insult of impu- dent almsgiving. The time for an end to that endurance is surely at hand, 347

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unless we Negroes are willing to bring up our children in the same attitude of subserviency and uncomplaining submission to caste which our fathers inherited from slavery. The Hamp- ton attitude must be distinctly and firmly repudiated. But the most disconcerting thing in the Hampton strike is the way in which graduates and parents repudiated their own children. The best of schools is imperfect. The worse is intolerable. The students present upon the grounds are in the long run the best and only judges of the efficiency of the educa- tion offered. They are far better judges than parents or alumni. If mature college students believe that a school is going wrong, what are they going to do but openly protest? In any white northern college that pro- test would immediately be heeded, even if accompanied by violence, and there would not be any silly insistance upon dumb, unthinking obedience. Students are not sent to school to learn to obey. They are sent there to learn to do, to think, to execute, to be men and wo- men. Self-reliance, self-expression, honesty and decision are to be learned in school if anywhere. We complain bitterly of the lack of these qualities in our young people, but do we en- courage their development? At Fisk and at Hampton there were parents and alumni who turned upon their own children like wild beasts, ready to beat them into submission; insisting that even if the school authorities were wrong, it was the business of black boys and girls to submit. At Hamp- ton, the Alumni actually published to the world a statement; declaring, first, that they gave complete approval and consent to what the Hampton authori- ties had done, including the wholesale suspensions, and then, finally, promis- ing that they would investigate. Negro colleges with few exceptions are standing together to punish and penalize for life and exclude from all chances of education the brave, orderly and clear-headed young men and wo- men who led -the Hampton strike, just because Hampton tells them to. At this rate, what will the next gen- eration be? What kind of crawling cowards are we seeking to spawn? It is possible, indeed, it is probable, that striking students at Hampton, Fisk, Shaw, Howard and elsewhere, have made their mistakes, but there is abso- lutely no question or shadow of doubt but that when 400 students, well- trained, orderly, with excellent rec- ords, are willing to take their future in their hands and jeopardize their whole lives in an appeal to the world for justice, that something must be absolutely and radically wrong, and the business of parents and Alumni is 348 to investigate before they condemn, to encourage and uphold their protesting children, instead of cowing and dis- gracing them. It is the Principal and Faculty of Hampton that are really at the bar of Justice and not the stu- dents who refused to sing for the en- tertainment of a white Englishman. THE DURHAM CONFERENCE HE Conference meeting this month at Durham, North Caro- lina, is unusual. It is not an attempt to unite existing organizations in an impossible federation for which there is neither demand nor need. It is not an attempt to form a new organiza- tion. It is a simple, straight-forward effort to ascertain facts and to take stock. There has been too little of this kind of meeting. We are so anxious to right our wrongs that we usually do not have time to find out just what the wrongs are. We want more work and better wages, but what work are we doing and what wages are we re- ceiving? We want to go into busi- ness, but what business are we con- ducting at present and how success- fully? We want to spread banking and insurance, but what is the condi- tion of our banks and insurance so- cieties today? We complain of the lack of religious belief, but what are our churches doing to foster it? We inveigh against disfranchisement, but how far are we really disfranchised ? We demand education, but what chances for education have we now? We periodically “die out”, but what is the real condition of our health? We are astonished at Negro crime, but how much Negro crime is there? All these questions, this Conference seeks to answer: first by hearing a documentory report on present condi- tions, prepared by an expert; and sec- ond, by hearing just what organized work is doing to better conditions; and then with these facts, the Conference is debating the question of improving the work of existing organizations; of indicating further work; and pointing out the necessity, if any, of further organization. Such a_ conference is worth-while. distinctly TEN YEARS T is astonishing to see the determina- tion with which those who believe in the industrial methods of America and Western Europe are spreading misinformation concerning the Russian experiment. The central thing which has happened in Russia is this: the rot- ten, horrible, inexpressibly brutal and silly tyranny of the Czar, has been definitely and finally overthrown. No such travesty on decent government has existed elsewhere in Europe in modern days. It was a stench in the nostrils of humanity. It was flamboy- ant and impudent with murder and cruelty, on a foundation of ignorance and poverty and with flaming towers of ostentation and show which com- pletely captivated the organized snob- bery of the world. ‘To be presented at the Russian Imperial Court was the last round in the ladder of ambi- tion for every social climber in Europe and America. The rottenness of the Czar’s Gov- ernment was repeatedly exposed to the liberal world. Not a finger was raised tc help. On the contrary, when in desperation Russia rose in 1905 to shake off medieval despotism and es- tablish modern democracy, Western Europe poured its treasure into the hands of the Czar to beat the wretched Revolutionists back. Now _ finally, when of their own strength and deter- mination, and their own vast will to sacrifice, the Russian people have buried Czarism and tried to establish a new government that frankly faces the economic problem which the world fears to face, there is scarcely a news- paper in America that will give this ex- periment even decent hearing. Yet the Union of Socialist Soviet Repub- lics is celebrating today its Tenth An- niversary, and here’s hoping that this is but the first decade toward its hun- dred years. PULLMAN PORTERS eo bribes which have ‘been directly and indirectly distributed in the effort to kill off the Union move- ment among Pullman Porters, we are pleased to see that they are fighting on. It is pitiable to note how some colored papers rejoice at every setback which the porters experience, and to see others because the union is not immediately successful. But what did we expect? Did any sane man think that the cause of col- lective bargaining in the case of Pull- man Porters, with all the wealth and discouraged influence of the Pullman Company against them, and with organized white labor less than neutral, was go- ing to triumph in a day? The por- ters have a fight of a generation be- fore them. They are going to be beaten again and again, but they are going to win some day, if they eter- nally stick to it; if they twist and turn, attack now here and now there, re- turn to the attack when beaten and insist that public almsgiving for the support of skilled labor is nothing less than stealing, foisted by the Pullman Car Company on a public which is too inert and short-sighted to stop it. THE Crisis

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V- 1e od in to rm he ed ly, 2r- to ve ish ces rid Vs- eX- (et ub- \n- ‘his un- een ited ve- are ring ome yack bee the ful. any col- ull- and yany ized » O- por- be- » be are cter- turn, , Te- and the r less Iman s too ‘RISIS _s

ATLANTA UNIVERSITY IONEER in liberal education. Advantages of a growing city and fraternal relations with other institu- tions of higher learning. College and Normal Departments. Practice teach- ing in grade and High School work. Graduates make good in Northern Uni- versities. FOR INFORMATION, Address The President, Atlanta University ATLANTA, GA.

MorREHOUSE COLLEGE (Formerly Atlanta Baptist College) ATLANTA, GA. College, Academy, Divinity School N institution famous within recent years for its emphasis on all sides of manly development—the only insti- tution in the far South devoted solely to the education of Negro young men. Graduates given high ranking by greatest northern universities. Debat- ing, Y. M. C. A., athletics, all live fea- tures. FOR INFORMATION, Address JOHN HOPE, President 1870 1927 Clark University ATLANTA, GEORGIA “Culture for Service” OVER 100 acres of beautiful campus. Twelve build- ings with new $215,000.00 Administration Build- ing with modern Chapel, Laboratories and Gymnasium. Clark University offers unusual educational oppor- tunities to aspiring young men and women. Terms reasonable. Departments: College of Arts and Sci- ence, Normal Training Sc)00l, College Preparatory, Musie and Home Economics. For information address M. S. DAVAGE, President Talladega College TALLADEGA, ALABAMA Sixtieth Year F. A. SUMNER, President Upe-TO-DATE in its equipment. High standards of scholarship. Thoroughly Christian in its ideals.

DEPARTMENTS: Theological Seminary, College of Ar‘s and Science, offering special courses in Educa- tion, Social Service, Music, Business Ad- ministration, Journalism and Physical Train- ing. Training School for Nurses. Six hundred students, 45 teachers, 800 acres, 30 buildings, electric lights, steam heat. Beautiful and healthful location in the foothills of the Blue Ridge. An ideal place for young men and women For further information address THE PRESIDENT Knoxville College Beautiful Situation and Healthful Location. KNOXVILLE, TENN.

Best Moral and Spiritual Environment. Splendid Intellectual Atmosphere. Noted for Honest and Thorough Work. BOPP III II II Fully Accredited for Teachers’ Certificates by State Board. Home-like Dormitory Life with Careful Supervision. Live Athletic and Literary Interests. COURSES: College, Normal, High School, House- hold, Arts and Music Expenses Very Reasonable Catalog and other literature sent free upon request. Address: J. KELLY GIFFEN, President. KNOXVILLE, TENN. December, 1927

JOHN J. MULLOWNEY. M.D., President of Meharry Medical College, NASHVILLE, TENN.

HOWARD UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON, D. C. Founded by General O. O. Howard a) MORDECAI W. JOHNSON, President EMMETT J. SCOTT, Scretary-Treasurer Purpose TT © provide the Twelve Million Colored People of the United States with College-trained and Professional Leaders through its Courses in the Arts, the Sciences, in Education, Public Health and Hygiene, Music, Engineering, Commerce and Finance, Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy, Religion and Law. Students May Enter for Collegiate Work at the Beginning of Any Quarter Pst A MALICE ys od os oa vse eee September 26, 27, 28, 1927 Resisivotion: <4 Winter, Oaarter:. <6. cee ce cicecsancsceudis January 3, 4, 1928 SE MP RIOEIIOE Soo cipg vine's asia cows nce eeecent March 21, 1928 FOR CATALOG AND INFORMATION WRITE: F. D. WILKINSON, Registrar HOWARD UNIVERSITY Washington, D. C.

The NORTH CAROLINA COLLEGE for NEGROES Formerly the Durham State Normal School OFFERS THE FOLLOWING COURSES 1. THE LIBERAL ARTS COURSE Leading to the A. B. Degree and offering sufficient work in Secondary Education to enable students to secure High School Teachers’ Cer- tificates, Class A, and High School Principals’ Certificates at the com- pletion of the course. 2. THE SCIENTIFIC COURSE Leading to the B. S. Degree. 3. THE PRE-MEDICAL COURSE A two-year pre-medical course preparing students for entrance into medical colleges will be given. 4. SPECIAL COURSES IN COMMERCE AND MUSIC —— 2 ee ga The faculty consists of men and women from the best colleges and universities in the country and meets the requirements of the North Carolina College Con- ference. FOR CATALOG AND FURTHER INFORMATION ADDRESS: Tue NortH Caro_inA CoLLeEGE For NrcGrogs JAMES E. SHEPARD President DURHAM, N. C.

A CLASS **A” Meharry Medical College ~i-i- COLLEGE Registered with New York Board of Regents with departments of Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy and Nurse Training Two years (Class One) College work required for admission to the Departments of Medicine and of Dentistry. Graduation from a four years’ High School or Normal School required for admission to the Departments of Pharmacy and Nurse Training. For catalog and application THERE IS AN ESPECIALLY GREAT DEMAND FOR OUR DENTISTS. blank address:

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Hampton Institute Hampton, Virginia THE COLLEGE 1 DIVISION OF EDUCATION—four-year high-school teacher’s course leading to degree of Bachelor of Science; and two- year courses for primary, intermediate and upper-grade teachers. DIVISION OF AGRICULTURE-—“our- year course leading to degree of Bache- lor of Science. 3 DIVISION OF HOME ECONOMICS — four-year course leading to degree of Bacheior of Science; and two-year course 4 DIVISION OF BUSINESS—four-year course leading to degree of Bachelor of Science and two-year course—aims to prepare men and women for business positions or to teach business subjects. 5 DIVISICGN OF BUILDING CONSTRUC- TION—our-year course leading to de- gree of Bachelor of Science; and two- year course—aims to train skilled builders. 6 DIVISION OF LIBRARY SCIENCE— one-year professional course—aims to tw prepare librarians for normal schools, colleges and branch libraries in city systems. 7 THE SUMMER SCHOOL—courses lead- ing to degree of Bachelor of Science and State Certificates. THE ACADEMY dard four-year accredited high school, g for college entrance TRADE SCHOOL courses in each of twelve trades. Four-year JAMES E. GREGG, Principal HAMPTON INSTITUTE, Virginia The TUSKEGEE NORMAL and INDUSTRIAL INSTITUTE Agriculturai and Technical College of North Carolina AT GREENSBORO An “A” Grade College An Agricultural Department Courses leading to degree of B.S. in Agri- culture. ° zi A Technical Department Courses leading to the degree of B.S. in Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engi- neering and Architectural Engineering. A Science Department Courses leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science. A Department of Education Courses leading to the degree of B.S. in Education, for the training of Vocational Teachers. A Trade Department Offering the following trades: Bricklaying, Plastering, Carpentry, Cabinet Making, Automobile Mechanics, Machine Shop Prac- tice, Tailoring, Shoe Making and Repairing, Plumbing, Electricity, Forging. A Standard Technical High School A High School which prepares students for College and for Vocations. A Strong Business Department Courses in Shorthand, Typewriting, Book- keeping, Commercial Law. MODERN EQUIPMENT SPLENDID LOCATION MODERATE EXPENSES FALL TERM BEGINS SEPT. 15, 1927 For further information, address F. D. BLUFORD, President A. & T. COLLEGE Greensboro, N. C. ¥. Founded by Dr. Booker T. WASHINGTON Offers Exceptional Opportunities to Negro Youth for Thorough Education in High School and College Courses and in Agriculture, Mechanical Industries and in Industries for Women. t THE DEPARTMENT OF MECHANI. & CAL INDUSTRIES for Boys comprises forty trades including Carpentry, Brick- laying, Auto-Mechanics, ay Electric- ity, Photography, Printing, Machine Shop Practice and Tailoring. THE WOMAN’S INDUSTRIES include Home Economics — Courses in Foods Clothing, Millinery, Applied Art, Launder ing, Household Management in addition to Home Crafts and Ladies’ Tailoring. THE AGRICULTURAL DEPART- MENT with 2,000 acres of land offers a comprehensive four-year course in Second- ary Agriculture and a full four-year col- lege course in Advanced Agriculture to train young men and women as Farm Demonstration and Home Demonstration Agents, Teachers of Agriculture and as Scientific Farmers. | TWO-YEAR COLLEGE COURSES are wy offered in Education for the training of Teachers in Elementary Schools, for Teachers of Mechanical Industries and in Business Training. FOUR-YEAR COLLEGE COURSES os to the Bachelor of Science degree are offered in Agriculture and in Home Economics. THE JOHN A. ANDREW MEMO RIAL HOSPITAL and Nurse Trainin School provides a three-year course in Nurse Training which qualifies its gradu- ates for registration in all southern states. A SUMMER SCHOOL FOR TEACH- ERS, of ten _weeks, divided into two terms, beginning June Ist and meeting the re- quirements of the Boards of Education of all southern states. Location Unsurpassed Information furnished upon application Robert R. Moton, Principal William H. Carter, Treasurer TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE, ALABAMA TRAINING OF KINDERGARTEN TEACHERS Jesse Binga (From page 329) time he was a huck- ster and then in 1898 he entered the real estate business at 3331 South State Street with a very limited capital. Here his business prospered and he sought more pretentious quarters at 3637 State Street. This was a seven story flat building on which he took a long term lease. Heretofore the only homes eligible to our group in Chicago were west of State Street and this building proved the opening wedge for them to procure modern places in which to live. Next door to this build- ing on the corner of Thirty-sixth Place and State Street was a vacant lot. He persuaded the owners to erect a three story building on the ground accord- ing to his plans, on which he took an- other long term lease. Before either lease had expired, he had purchased both buildings. Later he took a thirty year leasehold on a block of buildings on State Street between Forty-seventh and Forty-eighth Streets, which he The Binga Arcade. To be built opposite the Binga Bank. now owns. At one time his leaseholds on property amounted to about 1,200 flats and residences and it was through this agency of leaseholds that enabled him to place his people east of State Street and in desirable residential dis- tricts. Other than that, it would have taken millions of dollars of capital, which they did not have. - the new building at the southeast corner of 36th Place and State Street, he opened his private bank in 1908. Although small, here he laid the foundation for the state institution which was opened January 3, 1921. Always he had before him a vision—a vision of a recognized banking institu- i i, rt rr I St. Mary’s School An Episcopal boarding school for girls, under the direction of the sisters of St. Mary. Address: THE SISTER-IN-CHARGE, 6138 Germantown Avenue, Philadelphia, Pa. ATLANTA UNIVERSITY tion which would give employment to a number of our young people accord- ing to their talent and\ability. This dream was realized when on October 10, 1924, he threw open to the public Professional Course of Two Years Address Atlanta University, Atlanta, Ga. THE Crisis eee

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Lincoln University | | | Pome College Pioneer in Collegiate and Theological Education AUGUSTA, GA. Accredi*fne ‘Middle States and Maryland. Standard College Courses INCOLN Grad Lead i h L various BB oe oh: og ail carte of the Approved Two-Year Normal country. . . ° — Accredited Senior High School Address: : 3 Wm. Hallock Johnson, President Up-to-Date Junior High School LINCOLN UNIVERSITY CHESTER COUNTY PENNSYLVANIA “To develop leaders you must have the best possible equipment for liter- ary training and that is what we are striving for at Paine College’, said VIRGINIA UNION one of the leaders of the Methodist UNIVERSITY Episcopal Church, South. This Church RICHMOND, VIRGINIA contributes largely to the support of ATED as a class A college by the Paine College. State Boards of Education in Vir- SE ginia and North Carolina. In addition to the general college cur- A Goop ScHoor aT REASONABLE riculum, work is offered in the follow- RATES ing departments : Teen ae For further information, address Commercial RAY S. TOMLIN, President For additional information PAINE COLLEGE address THE PRESIDENT SHAW UNIVERSITY Devoted exclusively to College Degrees given: A.B., B.S., Th.B. and B.S. in Home Economics. Special attention is given to the training . of teachers. Terms moderate. Send fo Stenographers Trained catalog. Address: J. L. PEACOCK, Presi- We teach shorthand that one can read and tran- dent, SHAW UNIVERSITY, RALEIGH, scribe; students are trained to manipulate typewrit- NORTH CAROLINA. ing machines by ‘“‘touch’’ rapidly and accurately; business law is facsinating. Winter term begins January 3, 1928. Write EDWARD T. DUNCAN, Principal, The STENOGRAPHERS’ INSTITUTE, Duncan’s Business School Building, 1227 S$. 17th St., e. | | | | { lds | | ) | | | { | | | 00 JOHNSON re SMITH PHILADELPHIA, PA. led UNIVERSITY THE FRANCIS E. W. HARPER ste Se GIRLS’ DORMITORIES dis- 1424 Christian Street FOR MEN ONLY LASS “A” College and High School, so recognized by the North Carolina State Board of Education. A Standard Theological Seminary. Member of the Association of Col- ave : Philadelphia, Pa. tal, Home Privileges and Special Rates to Students and Professional Women. MISS JESSIE M. WATKINS, Supt. east leges for Negro Youth. Large endowment. tate FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, address Far Horizon c in H. L. McCROREY, President > a : eee en (From page 346) population. In 1912 laid Charlotte, North Carolina pag ) pop eon the population had increased to a little 921. over 22,000,000, while the vote cast bf ae Aa declined to 1,500,000, or approxi val Offers Courses in Piano, Pipe Organ, Violin, mately one vote for every fifteen per- om Vie Baoartuaer nding “Eales | sons. In 1924 the population was in = ‘aculty ne dormitory rooms. roun S a ): ee the This Director: MRS. ESTELLE ANCRUM FORSTER ae seen, ae i , id ing he ak Graduate N.E.C., 1919-20 ast, ing, Was ober SEND FOR YEAR BOOK. ADDRESS: 2,400,000, or one vote for every 11,5 ublic i 74 W. Rutland Sq., Boston, Mass. persons. RISIS December, 1927 Fisk University IN THE CITY OF NASHVILLE TK The College Accredited four year liberal arts college. With 12 major departments. Music Department College major leading to B.A. degree. Diploma in music. Graduate Department Graduate work in Chemistry, English, History, Philosophy and Sociology. Fall Quarter opens for Freshmen Sept. 26; for others Sept. 28. _— For Particulars, Address THE DEAN Fisk University Nashville, Tenn. JUSTIN SANDRIDGE who by his financially and artistically successful recitals and large audiences of last and this Founded 1865 season may rightly be acclaimed THE RACE’S PREMIER PIANIST : will make a tour WEST and SOUTH in FEBRUARY, MARCH. and Theological work. Of his appearance Nov. 21, 1926, as soloist with the Boston Philharmonic Orchestra, when his playing accompanied by the orchestra of one hundred before an audience of eight thousand received “A” class college having a prestige in Ne- not one word of adverse criticism but only praise in each critical report of the concert, the ‘Boston gro education. Given graduate standing b Globe”’ said,— universities of the North. With no figh “Very few pianists show the REMARKABLE MASTERY of their instrument and the GENUINE school, increasing emphasis is placed upon MUSICAL FEELING which distinguished Mr. Sandridge’s playing.” college standards and the promotion of col- For recital engagements address:— lege spirit in scholarship and athletics. H. C. HERSHOF, 1 HERMAN STREET, ROXBURY, MASS. Statement of the Ownership, Management, Circulation, ete., required by the Act of Con- gress of August 24, 1912, of THE CRISIS, published monthly, at New York, N. Y., for October 1, 1927. County of New_York, t r State of New York, { 5%: Before me, a Notary Public in and for the State and County aforesaid, personally appeared Augustus Granville Dill, who, having been duly sworn according to law, deposes and says that he is the Business Manager of THE CRISIS and that the following 1s, to the best of his knowledge and belief, a true statement of the ownership, management, etc., of the aforesaid publication for the date shown in the above caption, required by the Act of August 24, 1912, to wit: 1. That the names and addresses of the pub- lisher, editor, managing editor and business manager are: Publisher—The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, 69 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y, Editor—W. E. Burghardt DuBois, 69 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y¥ Managing Editor—W. E. Burghardt DuBois, 69 Fifth Ave., New York, N. ¥ Business Manager—Augustus Granville Pill, 69 Fifth Ave., New York, N. ¥ 2. That the owners are: The National As sociation for the Advancement of Colored Peo ple, a corporation with no stock Moorfield Storey, President James Weldon Johnson, Secretary. Joel E. Spingarn, Treasurer Mary White Ovington, Chairman Board of Directors 3. That the known bondholders, mortgagees and other security holders owning or ho'ding 1 per cent or more of total amount of bonds, mortgages, or other securities are: None AUGUSTUS GRANVILLE DILL, Rusiness Manager Sworn to and subscribed before me this 31st day of March, 1927. Frank M. ‘Turner, Notary Public, Queens County No. 1952. Certificate filed in New York Co. No, 278 New York Co, Reg. No, 8192, Commission expires March 30, 1928 a 351

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VIRGINIA NoRMAL AND INDUSTRIAL INSTITUTE (The A. and M. College) PETERSBURG, VIRGINIA Classed as an ‘‘A’’ College by an Accrediting Agency. THE COLLFSE OFFERS: A carefully selected group of consecrated teachers. Eight College Curricula leading to eight dis- tinct lines of achievement. Four Normal School Curricula. Five Curricula in the major trades. A Vocational Curriculum in Agriculture. An accredited high school Curriculum. A well-organized music school. Well equipped laboratories. A modern organization of the College Com- munity. A wholesome religious environment. A high grade of work at moderate expense. For further information write to JOHN M. GANDY, President The Cardinal Gibbons Institute RIDGE, ST. MARY’S COUNTY, MARYLAND A school for Negro young men and wo- men of character and purpose. Course of Junior High School grade offered for the coming year. General Mechanics, Agriculture and Do- mestic Science are taught in parallel courses. Living conditions simple, healthful, well- supervised. For further information, address Victor H. Daniel, Principal, Ridge, Maryland 28th Year Berean School PHILADELPHIA, PA. Co-educational Day and Night Sessions Trade School, Commercial School Domestic Art School Correlated Academic Studies Fall Semester begins October 4, 1927 Write Matthew Anderson, Principal 1926 South College Avenue, Philadelphia, Pa. Rust College GOING TO COLLEGE? Come to Rust College—Beautifully Located. Students from Fourteen States 2°, — eo — College of Liberal Arts, Standard Normal, Home Economics, Music, Junior and Senior High Schools. Efficient Faculty. New Equipment fer Laboratories, Enlarged Library. Rates Reasonable For further information write President L. M. McCoy Holly Springs Mississippi the beautiful institution which bears his name at State Street and Thirty- fifth, where he is endeavoring to ad- vance the economic status of our group and teach lessons of thrift. On its portals are inscribed the words ““Affli- ated Member Chicago Clearing House Association” and no bank can wish for a better standing in any community. It is the only bank in the vicinity that enjoys such a distinction. Most people think of him as a man who always drives a hard bargain but it is because they know only one side of his character. Few men give as much to charity as he does. This spirit of charity which is paramount in his character is another trait which he inherited from his mother. More than fifty years ago in Detroit she built tenement flats of three and four rooms each known in those days as “Binga Row”. She never was known to dis- possess a poor family in winter and when it came to her knowledge that a family was in need of food, she always had her son Jesse deliver them provi- sions. That trait stays with him and many a family owes its very existence to his charity. He has paid the tuition of many of the young men and women now and formerly in his employ, thus enabling them to advance their educa- tion and still earn a decent living. Although not a college graduate him- self, he has given liberally to Fisk, Howard and Atlanta. He is a Catho- lic but never lets his religion interfere when it comes to helping others, re- gardless of creed or color. He is a man of stern character with an iron will and a master of the prob- lems which confront him. He has lived to that age that few men of our race have been permitted to see and enjoy—the permanent development of their life’s work. Christmas Gift Corner (From page 332) Designs of Autumn Fashion Gods. She cared not of her wishes, though, Or whether we would frown or smile. She'll wear new gowns till Mr. Snow Advises her to change her style. N. A. A. C. P. Battle Front (From page 334) initiated by the Pres- ident of the Washington Branch of the N. A. A. C. P. and backed by other agencies as well as by colored editors throughout the United States, proved effective. It is an object lesson that may well be remembered. H. J. S. ANNUAL MEETING The Nominating Committee for members of the Board of Directors of St. Paul Normal and Industrial School LAWRENCEVILLE, VA. NorMAL SCHOOL TRADE SCHOOL AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL HicH ScHoor a Thorough Academic and Industrial Instruction; a High Christian and Moral Atmosphere, Seund Christian Character with Trained Hand and Head, are the objectives of education at St. Paul's, THE NORMAL AND FOUR YEAR HIGH SCHOOLS are fully accredited by the State Boards of Education of Virginia, North Carolina and other states. The High School is also ac- credited by Oberlin, Howard, Lincoln and other well known institutions of higher learning. THE TRADE SCHOOL offers an unexcelled standard trree-year course in sixteen trades for boys and four trades for girls, which fits them to become efficient workers in the trades of their choice. THE AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL offers a standard three-year course in practical theoretical agriculture, poultry keeping, agrimony and animal husbandry, which fits a student to become a practical farmer or farm demonstrator. INSTRUCTION IN ALL DEPARTMENTS IS FREE, and is given by an experienced faculty of capable, earnest men and women from some of the country’s best colleges and universities. Yale, Pennsylvania, Columbia, Cornell, Howard, Lin- coln, Fisk and Atlanta being among the institu- tions represented. A well equipped gymnasium provides for the prescribed course in physical edu- cation. THE SCHOOL HAS A STRONG ATHLETIC DEPARTMENT. Baseball, football, basket ball, tennis and track comprise its intercollegiate sports. It is a member of the C. I. A. A. Fortieth session opens September, 1927. Rates are very reasonable. For Catalog and other in- formation, write the Principal: REV. JAMES S. RUSSELL, D.D. Lawrenceville, Va. Bethune-Cookman Colle ge (Formerly The Daytona Normal and Industrial Inst.) DAYTONA BEACH, FLORIDA OCATED in the beautiful Halifax country on the East coast of Florida. An institution where opportunity is afforded for the highest and best in education. Offering courses in JUNIOR COLLEGE Normal Training School for Teachers College Preparatory S PEctAL work offered in Commerce, Music, Do- mestic Science and Art, Agriculture and Car- pentry. Athletics encouraged for Boys and Girls. to Dormitory Facilities unsurpassed. FOR INFORMATION, Write to Mary McLeod Bethune, President 1882 1927 LANE COLLEGE Jackson, Tennessee A GROWING College with a splendid his- tory and a bright future. It offers modern courses in Collegiate, Theological, Musical, College_ Preparatory, Teachers’ Training, Home Economics and Pre-Medical subjects. Proper standards of conduct as well as scholarship are maintained. Well equipped laboratories, dormitories with modern conveni- ences and facilities under positive Christian influences are supported. or further infor- mation address J. F. LANE, President, Jackson, Tennessee. THE Crisis —} «=

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$1,033,163.00 NEW, PAID-FOR BUSINESS IN OCTOBER! Two hundred and five hard-working, inspired, men and women, under the lead- ership of J. E. Stamps, Manager of Agencies, have set another record for Victory Life. They knew it couldn’t be done, then went ahead and did it! The wide-spread public interest in Victory Life would not let them fail. Here is the record of the Bell Ringers — we wish the names of all the two hun- dred and five could be included: PAID PAID NO. AGENT AGENCY FOR NO. AGENT AGENCY FOR 1 Stamps, J. E Chicago $41,000 | (x) 19) Cortes, FC. Columbus, O. $13,567 2 Bond, J. P. Washington 34,093 | 20 Robinson, W. H. Houston, Texas 13,534 (x) 3 Yearwood, D. N. New York 32,700 | 21 Vaughn, G. L. Chicago 13,000 (x) 4 Funches, Miss P. Chicago 25,000 | 22 Brown, H. W. Chicago 12,700 (x) 5 Norrell, M. A. Virginia 24,000 | (x) 23 Richardson, H. Indianapolis 12,500 (x) 6 Neblett, J. B. Virginia 22,000 24 Whitney, G. R. Chicago 12,400 7 Oliver, G. F. Dallas 21,000 | 25 Means, L. G. Gary, Indiana 11,600 8 Thornton, L. W. New York 20,500 | 26 Holloway, W. H. Newark, N. J. 11,600 9 Hubbard, J. E. Cleveland 19,000 | (x) 27 Lowe, W. L. Chicago 11,500 (x) 10 Weaver, E. E. Baltimore 19,000 | (x) 28 Gordon, J. T. Richmond, Va. 11,500 (x) 11 Howard, Mrs. M. W. Chicago 18,300 (x) 29 Cowan, T. L. New York 11,400 12 Williamson, L. W. Dallas 17,500 30 Valentine, C. Columbus, O. 11,150 13 Thomas, J. L. Bryan, Texas 16,750 | 31 Casey, W. V. Indianapolis 10,700 (x) 14 Jones, G. W. New York 16,534 | (x) 32 Dishman, J. L. Washington 10,500 (x) 15 Stephens, R. E. Chicago 16,000 | (x) 33 Slaughter, Mrs. A. Chicago 10,500 16 Smith, Mason Waco, Texas 15,267 | 34 Oliver, G. F., Jr. Dallas 10,500 17. Brown, H. C. Baltimore 14,500 (x) 35 Howard, J. A. Chicago 10,350 18 Lewis, J. L. Baltimore 13,900 (x) 36 Peschier, T. E. New York 10,000 (x) These agents had their first life insurance experiences with Victory Life. Most of them have been at it less than a year now. Now the Goal is — Ten Million Dollars Insurance in Force By Christmas! We need more policyholders — you need a Victory Life Policy. Fill out the coupon below. We need more Good Agents — write a letter. VICTORY LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY “$200,000.00 Capital and the Only Negro Company operating under the Supervision of the New York Insurance Department” Home Office: 3621 South State Street, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS eee eee ees ees aes a es ee a ae eee eee ACT TODAY—MAIL COUPON FOR INFORMATION AND TERMS | | Victory Life Insurance Company, | | 3621 South State Street, Chicago, Illinois. | | Gentlemen: | Please send information concerning your service as follows, | (Mark (X) and state amount of insurance desired) : | | 1. Victory Limited Payment Policy............. fs) S.. Chilis Educational Policy... 6.0.8 sseces. oes c'2 | 2. Wictery Special Whole Life... 2. eccccccscois t -)- 6s Batemans, Tasusasae) oie. 6st vices evaes er | 3. Mortgage Redemption Policy................ > re et er ee ee «3 | | 1. Speen. 66 Bae BO O86 G5 oc 0t svi stcveseess eri 8. Victory Perfect Protection ........cscccceces ¢ .) | | *My Name Age | » Address Occupation i |

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MORGAN (COLLEGE John O. Spencer, President John W. Haywood, A.M., S.T.D., Dean LOCATION:—College town between North and South. COURSES:—Semester Credit System. A.B., B.S., and B.S. in Education degrees. Advanced courses in Education Certifi- cates for high school teaching. RATING:—Accredited by the Association of Colleges and Preparatory Schools for the Middle States and Maryland, by the State Board of Education in Maryland, and other States. POLICY :—Co-educational. FACULTY:—University trained specialists. SITE:—Eighty-five acres, beautiful scenery, athletic fields. DORMITORIES:—Equipped and supervised. SUMMER SCHOOL:—(1928) Six June 25th to August 3rd. DORMITORIES OPEN:—September 23, 1927. weeks, REGISTRATION :—Sept. 23rd and 24th, 1927. INFORMATION:—Address Edward N. Wil- Morgan College, Balti- son, Registrar, more, Md. ScHoot of HigH STANDARDS and a RIGOROUS PACE Wiley College MARSHALL, TEXAS ECOGNIZED as a Class “A” College by Standardizing Agencies. Has operated on the basis of four quarters a year since June, 1921. Graduation in June and August. Entrance any quarter. Leading colleges and universities repre- sented on its faculty. More than two hundred and fifty enrolled in college department. $35,000 in- vested in scientific laboratory and library research equipment. Due prominence given to music and to wholesome athletics. M. W. DOGAN, President. LIVINGSTONE COLLEGE Founpep sy J. C. PRICE SALISBURY, N. C. CO-EDUCATIONAL RECENTLY RE-ORGANIZE PRESENTS VERY STRONG FACULTY Offers the Following Courses: THEOLOGICAL Hic ScHoo. LiseraL ArTs AND SCIENCES Demestic ARTS AND SCIENCES Commercial Music TEACHER TRAINING A School of Liberal Training with Distinct Religious Atmosphere All Athletics For Further Information Address W. J. TRENT, President James Edward Mason, Financial Secretary -Florida Normal and Collegiate Institute ST. AUGUSTINE, FLORIDA (The Ancient City of Sunshine Land) Junior HicH Senior HicH TEACHER TRAINING Junior CoLLece Courses Pre-MEDICAL AND VOCATIONAL CouRSES For further information address NATHAN W. COLLIER, Pres. 354 the National Association for the Ad- vancement of Colored People reports the following nominees for terms ex- piring December 31, 1930: George W. Crawford, New Haven, Conn. Bishop John Hurst, Baltimore, Md. Paul Kennaday, New York, N. Y. Joseph P. Loud, Boston, Mass. Dr. George W. Lucas New leans, La. Ella Rush Murray, Me F. B. Ransom, Indianapolis, Ind. Dr. J. A. Somerville, Los Angeles, Or- New York, Calif. Arthur B. Spingarn, New York, N.Y. Charles H. Studin, New York, N. Y. Neval H. Thomas, Washington, Bie tas Rev. G. R. Waller, Springfield, Mass. Nominating Committee: Isadore Martin, Chairman; John Haynes Holmes, J. E. Spingarn, John E. Nail. The Annual Meeting of the Na- tional Association for the Advance- ment of Colored People will be held in the offices of the Association, 69 Fifth Avenue, New York City, on the afternoon of Monday, January 9, 1928, at 2:30 o’clock. There will be reports from the Secretary, the Direc- tor of Publications and Research, the Director of Branches and the Treas- urer, and the nominations for direc- tors will be voted upon. Drab Rambles (From page 336) was when she first came from Georgia. She had liked things then. Liked the job, liked the church she joined, liked Tom Nolan, the man for whom she washed dishes. NE day his wife asked Madie if she had a husband. She told her no. She was paid off. Madie, the second, was born soon after. Madie named her unquestioningly Madie Frye. It never occurred to her to name her Nolan, which would have been proper. Madie bore her pain in silence, bore her baby in a charity ward, thanked God for the kindness of a North and thanked God that she was not back in Culvert when Madie was born, for she would have been turned out of church. Madie stopped singing aloud then. She tried to get jobs—dishwashing— cleaning—washing clothes—but you cannot keep a job washing someone’s clothes or cleaning their house and nurse a baby and keep it from yelling the lady of the house into yelling tan- trums. Allen University Columbia, S. C. A Co-Educational Institution Offering Courses in THE JUNIOR COLLEGE FOR TEACHERS ARTS AND SCIENCES THEOLOGY MUSIC COMMERCE HOME ECONOMICS TEACHER TRAINING A SPECIALTY DEGREES: A.B.. B.D., Th.B., A.B. in Education Approved by the State of South Carolina. Aided by the Slater Fund and the General Education Board. Facilities increased this year. DAVID H. SIMS, President BISHOP JOHN HURST, Chairman Trustee Board WANTED EVERYWHERE Good Auto Mechanics, Blacksmiths, Carpenters, Cooks, Seamstresses, Typists, Stenographers, Bookkeepers. Downingtown Industrial and Agricultural School DOWNINGTOWN, PA. (Under the Supervision of the Pennsyl- vania Department of Public Instruction.) SPECIALIZES in training good workers and good citizens and offers to boys and girls over thirteen years of age Healthy Climate Outside of City Faculty of College-trained Teachers Junior and Senier High School Courses Properly Geservieed Athletic and Social Recreation For further information write J. H. Ni WARING, JR. Principal Haven Ceachers College Teachers Cellege Senior High School Junier High Seheol School ef Heme Economies Training School Conservatory ef Music School of Business Accredited Summer School for Teachers Beautiful Park-like Campus Modern Conveniences Good Orchestra Department of — Education wit intra-mural and inter-collegiate athletics Terms Reasonable For catalog or further information address J. Beverty F. SHaw, President MERIDIAN, MISSISSIPPI That Gets a Crowd and Gets the Money A PLA GIVES more laughs and puts more cash into the Treasury than any Entertainment that a Church or Club can have. Everybody likes to attend the Slabtown District Convention It is a scream and at the same time it is Sense— Because it teaches a number of good lessons. GET IT AND GIVE IT—PRICE 50c Miss Nannie H. Burroughs Author and Publisher LINCOLN HEIGHTS WASHINGTON, D. C. Teachers Wanted Session. 1927 Teachers: Have you considered carefully the business side of your profession? Are you a member of the Interstate Colored Teacher’s Agency? 50! NORTH THIRD ST., RICHMOND, VA. IF NOT, JOIN We find positions for you in_any state you desire. Register at once. Don't delay. J. H. Blackwell, Ph.D., Manager THE Crisis

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RISIS Hartshorn Memorial College RICHMOND, VA. “In the Center of Things’ A college with a great past and a great future. The only college situated in the center of the eastern states which is offering separate education to young women. Hartshorn has College, High School and Grammar School departments. Christian living and Christian train- ing are emphasized. SEND FOR CATALOG. Address President DAVID G. MULLISON THE CHEYNEY TRAINING ScHOOL FOR TEACHERS (A STATE NORMAL SCHOOL) CHEYNEY, PA. A PENNSYLVANIA State Normal School offering, in addition to the regular Normal Academic Course of two years, professional three year courses in Home Economics and Shop Work. A diploma from any of these courses makes a graduate eligible to teach in the public schools of Pennsylvania. For further information and catalog, write LESLIE PINCKNEY HILL, Principal CHEYNEY, PA. The Lincoln School for Nurses in the City of New York offers to young colored women having completed a four year high school and holding a diploma, a three years’ course of instruction in nursing. Capacity of hospital—420 beds. Post Graduate Course of six months to graduates of accredited schools. For information apply to: Superintendent of Nurses MISS S. J. FORD Lincoln School for Nurses New York, N. Y. Burrell Memorial Hospital Training School for Nurses ROANOKE, VA. o¢—_________“ State accredited. Three year course in general nursing. 50 bed hospital. Free tuition, board and room, text- books, uniforms; also monthly cash allowance. Ideal location, 1,000 feet above sea level. High School gradu- ates given preference. ——________—__+ Write to, Ethel M. Bigham, R. N. Supt. of Nurses Dear Reader: Is THE CRISIS among the peri- odicals in the Reading Room of your Public Library? If so, see that it is properly displayed. If not, put it there. Subscription $1.50 per year. December, 1627 Madie, second, lost for her mother exactly two dozen jobs between her advent and her tenth month in her mother’s arms. Madie had not had time to feel sorry for herself at first. She was too busy wondering how long she could hold each job. Could she keep Madie quiet until she paid her room rent? Could she keep Mrs. Jones from know- ing that Madie was down under the cellar stairs in a basket every day while she was upstairs cleaning, until she got a pair of shoes? By the time she went to work in Kale’s Hand Laundry, she had found the baby a too great handicap to take to work. She began to leave Madie with her next door neighbor, Mrs. Sundell, who went to church three times every Sunday and once in the week. She must be good enough to keep Madie while her mother worked. She was. She kept Madie for two dollars a week and Madie kept quiet for her and slept all night long when she reached home with her mother. Her mother marvelled and asked Mrs. Sundell how she did it. “Every time she cries, I give her paregoric. Good for her stomach.” O the baby grew calmer and calmer each day. Calmer and quieter. Her mother worked and steamed si- iently down in Kale’s_ tub-room. Worked, shouting songs of thanksgiv- ing within her for steady money and peaceful nights. June set in, and with it, scorching days. Days that made the thick steam fuil of lye and washing-powder eat the lining out of your lungs. There was a set of rules tacked up inside the big door that led into the checking- room that. plainly said: “This door is never to be opened between the hours of six in the morning and twelve noon. Nor between the hours of one and six p.m.” That was to keep the steam from the checkers. They were all white and could read and write so they were checkers, One day Madie put too much lye in some boiling water. It choked her. When she drew her next breath, she was holding her head in the clean cool air of the checking-room. She drew in a deep breath and coughed. A man spun across the floor and a white hand shot to the door. ‘‘Why the hell don’t you obey rules?” He slammed the door and Madie stumbled back down the stairs. A girl at the end tub looked around. “Was that Mr. Payne?” she asked. Madie was still dazed; ‘Mr. Payne?” she asked. “Yah. The man what closed door.” the NT TUTTE TATA] “There are no royal roads to learn- ing but there are many roads.” When Selectin ga School 1. Consider well 2. Choose wisely KITTRELL COLLEGE offers exceptional advantages. 2. * STANDARD COLLEGE THEOLOGICAL TEACHER TRAINING AND COMMERCIAL COURSES 2, o, ‘3’ ? Write for bulletin. G. A. EDWARDS, President KITTRELL, N. C. EDWARD WATERS COLLEGE JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA An Ideal Christian Home School in the Heart of Beautiful Florida For students unable to stand the rigors of a Northern winter. Grammar School, Junior High School, Senior High School, Normal School, School of Theology, Music, Commercial Courses, College Courses leading to B.A. Degree, Manual Training, Domes- tic Science and Art, Band, Military Training for men, Physical education for — B. Cooper, President Bishop jenn tt Hurst, Chairman Board of Trustees DUNBAR MEMORIAL HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION Training School For Nurses. DETROIT, MICHIGAN. State accredited. Three year course in general nursing. 70 bed hospital. Free tuition, board and room, text-book and uniforms; also monthly cash allowance. Enlarged hospital just completed. Beauti- ful nurses home. ADDRESS: DUNBAR MEMORIAL HOSPITAL DETROIT, MICH. 3764 BRUSH ST. Beautful Card Case And 100 Calling Cards with your name address, phoneand any fraternal emblem, all Free with 6 months SUBSCRIPTION TO THE Masonic Magazine, $1 Mailed to any address Write plainly. - 35th st. Chicago, 111. —

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Saint Frances’ Academy East Chase St., Baltimore, Maryland Private Boarding School for Girls conducted by the Oblate Sisters of Providence High School, Intermediate and Primary Courses, Music and Art For Catalogue address the Sister Directress . . “ Louisville, Ky. Simmons University, wisyi!*:sr The only institution in the State having for its object Collegiate, Ministerial, Medical and Legal training for Colored Citizens in Kentucky. Special training in Insurance, Social Service, Nurs- ing and Hospital Work. Normal, Commercial, Music, Domestic Science, Missionary Training Class. Evening classes, correspondence course. Degrees offered Cc. H. PARRISH, President. CoLorRED DoLLs AND NOVELTIES Pretty Light-Brown and Mulatto Dolls with Real Hu- man Hair Curls. They Sleep, Walk, Talk and Cry. Sizes 14 to 30 inches. 15 different styles. 100 other novelties. Free Catalog. 19 inches, $5.50 each, $42. doz. 23 inches, $7.50 each, $49. dez. 30 Inches, $11.98 each, $88. doz. AGENTS WANTED BETHEL MFG. CO. Dept. C. 97 South St. JAMAICA, N. Y. The Atlanta School of Social Work INCORPORATED Prepares Its Students for Professional Social W ork SUPERVISED FIELD WORK WITH SocIAL AGENCIES Graduates of the School are in Demand Several Scholarships Available. -- fe. For further information address: The Director Forrester B. Washington, A.M. 239 Auburn Ave., Atlanta, Georgia The Apex of Negro Business! “The Greatest Negro Business Enter- prise in the World.”’ The National Benefit Life Insurance Company now car- ries $75,000,000 worth of Insurance on the lives of more than 300,000 Negro Policyholders. The total Assets of the company $4,000,000. are more than The largest employed force of any Negro Business In- stitution, consisting of more than 200 Officials and Em- ployees at the Home Office and its Branch Offices, 750 Supervisors, Agency Managers and Assistant Managers. A field force of more than 1,500 men. 600 Medical Examiners cooperate with the Home Office. *‘Not for Power and Prestige — But for Service.” These figures speak for themselves. On this solid basis we solicit your business. The National Benefit Life Insurance Company WASHINGTON, D. C. “The Company You Will Eventually Insure With” “T don’t know who he was.” The other laughed and drew closer to her. “Better know who he is,” she said. Madie blinked up at her. The girl cocked an eye: “Good to know him. You can stay off some- times—if he likes you.” That was all that day. rene day Madie was going home. Her blank brown face was freshly powdered and she went quietly across the checking-room. The room was empty it seemed at first. All the girls were gone. When Madie was half across the room she saw a man sitting in the corner behind a desk. He looked at her as soon as she looked at him. It was the man who had yanked the door out of her hand, she thought. Fear took hold of her. She began to rush. Someone called. It was the man at the desk. “‘Hey, what’s your rush?” The voice was not loud and bloody this time. It was soft—soft—soft— like a cat’s foot. Madie stood still afraid to go forward—afraid to turn around. “What, are you afraid of me?” Soft like a cat’s foot. “Come here.” —Good to know him— Madie made the space to the outer door in one stride. The door opened in. She pushed against it. “Aw, what’s the matter with you?” Foot-steps brought the voice nearer. A white hand fitted over the door- knob as she slid hers quickly away. ADIE could not breathe. Neither could she lift her eyes. The door opened slowly. She had to move backwards to give it space. Another white hand brushed the softness of her body. She stumbled out into the alley. Cold sweat stood out on her. Madie second had cost her jobs and jobs. She came by Madie keeping that first job. Madie was black brown. The baby was yellow. Was she now going to go job hunting or have a sister or brother to keep with Madie second? Cold perspiration sent her shivering in the alley. And Madie cursed aloud. “Why?” Not in my day or your tomorrow— perhaps—but somewhere in God’s day of meting—somewhere in God’s day of measuring full measures overflow- ing—the blood will flow back to you —and you will care. We have another fine story by Miss Bonner and several excellent stories by other writers which we shall publish in 1928. Renew your\subscription so as not to miss a single number during our eighteenth birth year. THE Crisis

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er to ne- all ng ace nt All die sk. ced lad she She at } 2” »dy ae till urn iter ned rer. yor- her The ove her her ley. ° and that aby r to or ring w— day day low- you Miss s by blish n so ring RISIS One of the eight full-page drawings by Aaron Douctas The inspirational sermons of the real Negro preacher are here set down as poetry — as much a part of our Na- tional folk-lore as the Spirituals. H. L. Mencken, Edwin Arlington Rob- inson, Louis Untermeyer, Clarence Darrow, John Haynes Holmes, Carl van Vechten, Carl Sandburg, Walter White, and hundreds of others have The content, beauty, and fervor of the traditional Negro sermons are set down for all time in the poetry of James Weldon Johnson’s God’s Trombones SEVEN NEGRO SERMONS IN VERSE praised this “invaluable contribution to American literature”. R. R. Moton says: ““As much beauty as ever I have read in verse. The glowing imagery, the vivid realism are a faithful record of the native genius of the Negro preacher. A glorious treasure in which there is not a flaw.” $2.50. Where stands the Negro in America today? PORTRAITS IN COLOR By MARY WHITE OVINGTON Chairman of the Board of the N. A. A. C. P. Here for the first time are assembled the dra- matic ‘life stories of twenty typical leaders among Negroes — among them James Weldon Johnson, Marcus Garvey, Robert Russa Moton, Eugene Kinckle Jones, Paul Robeson, Roland Hayes, W. E. Burghardt Du Bois, and Walter White. A book that should be read by every Negro and by every one interested in the Negro of today. $2.00. December, 1927 TO YOUR BOOKSELLER OR THE VIKING PRESS 30 IRVING PLACE, NEW YORK Please send me — Copies GOD’S TROMBONES [$2.50] — Copies PORTRAITS IN COLOR [$2.00] _] I enclose cheque or Money Order. LJ Send C.O.D. NAME ADDRESS 357

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The Browsing Reader (From page 339) that they own minor businesses and $60,000,000 worth of ‘real estate. They are in Harlem to stay and how can they determine the quality of Harlem without a monopoly on the public enterprises of Harlem? We feel sure that our Jewish friends would consider it not a little presump- tious were we to take possession of the businesses of the East Side. And now the students at Hampton Institute, Virginia, have struck! In the Nation for November 2, W. E. B. Du Bois in his own inimitable man- ner, makes a clear statement of the reasons for the strike and why black America must stand to a man behind these brave young men and women. The day has passed when white philan- thropy can throw in the face of young Negro America a curriculum dictated by the plantation owners of the South and expect it to grin and swallow it, even in part. Marve. JACKSON. Chicago Art League (From page 344) the field of art; sev- eral others are working part time. An- other is an instructor in architecture; two others instructors in art in High Schools, three or four more are in- structors in the graded schools; others are students and persons interested art. Besides these are a writer of some distinction, a lawyer and a member of the staff of the Chicago Public Library. The Chicago Art League has en- couraged aspiring young people to per- severe more seriously in their study of art. Its gospel of ‘clean up and beau- tify” has been echoed by community organizations with excellent results. It has been instrumental in securing paintings for several schools and pub- lic buildings in the community. It is attempting to raise funds to estab- lish a scholarship for worthy students at the Art Institute. home guished dozen, Pictures of Distinguished Negroes Excellent photographs 11 x 14, finished in black tone, large enough to be framed and placed on the walls of your school or Price $1.00 each. Small pictures of 100 distin- Negroes, prints, 334 x 434 Price 10 cents a piece, $1 a and $7.50 a hundred. So far we have asked nothing of the general public. But the worth of this project leads us to believe that, in or- der to be most effective, we must en- list the interest and moral support of a larger number of people. Conse- quently, our books are open for finan- cial aid in the way of general funds, the scholarship fund and for new mem- berships. We believe that art is a fundamen- tal to good citizenship; that in instill- ing this -virtue into our community we are materially assisting this great city in one of its most serious problems and setting an example which can eas- ily be followed by other communities. There are many people who have lived in Chicago for years and yet have never visited the Art Institute. Whether the two bronze lions at the entrance prove too much for their cour- age, | do not know. Among this num- ber are many from the community and racial group we are serving. In order to awaken their interest and cultivate their tastes we strive to bring as much art as possible within their reach. With this in view we have held an- nual exhibitions of work in the fine and applied arts to which a cordial in- vitation has been extended to artists of our group throughout the country. AN OPPORTUNITY! A young insurance company that believes itself progressive, needs a college-trained man, prefer- ably unmarried, who has studied business, and particularly insurance accounting, to study its books and records and finally assume charge of them. The salary will be small at the start, but the Company is growing rapidly and the opportunity is believed worth the attention of those who can qualify. The Company is located in a large Northern City. This man is needed at once, but we prefer to secure the type who will furnish first-class ref- erences and who wants to maintain good con- nections with a present employer. Our own employes know about this advertisement so you need have no hesitancy in writing in confidence. Address INSURANCE ACCOUNTANT c/o THE CRISIS, N. Y. C. half-tone The East India Hair Grower Will promote a Full Growth of Hair. Will also Restore the Strength, Vitality and Beauty of the Hair. : MME. 5.0.LYORS If your Hair is Dry and Wiry Try East India Hair Grower | ial you are bothered with Falling Hair, Dandruff, Itching Scalp or any Hair Trouble, we want you to try a Jar of EAST INDIA HAIR GROWER. The remedy contains medical properties that go to the roots of the Hair, stimu- late the skin, helping nature do its work. Leaves the hair soft and silky. Per- fumed with a balm of a thousand flow- ers. The best known remedy for Heavy and Beautiful Black Eye-Brows. Also restores Gray Hair to its Natural Color. Can be used with Hot Iron. PRICE SENT BY MAIL, 50c. 1@c Extra for Postage 1 Hair Grower, 1 Temple Oil, 1 Sham- poo, 1 Pressing Oil, 1 Face Cream and Direction for Selling, $2.00. 25¢ Extra for Postage. S. D. LYONS 316 N. Central, Dept. B. OKLAHOMA CITY, OKLA. Pp Become acef ecome a Ter Attractive money making op- portunities in Portrait, Com- mercial and News Photog- raphy, or get into Motion Pic- ture Photography. Camera Men Earn $50 to $250 a Week. Fascinating Work; in big demand. You can learn*at Home or in our N. Y. Studios. FREE BOOK Tells How— How to prepare for High §_ la- ried position. How to start your own business How to make money in spare time. Write for this big illustrated Book and Job Chart today—F REE. N. Y. INSTITUTE OF PHOTOGRAPHY, Dept. 35 10 West 33rd Street, New York, N. Y. AGENTS OUTFIT | 12 BEAUTY TREATMENTS Jrce: Look 10 Years Younger 9n Less Than 10 Minutes Wri NKLES, BLACKHEADS, PIMPLES VANISH AS IF BY MAGIC.PROOF IN 10 MINUTES. JUST SEND ME YOUR NAME AND ADDRESS FOR free TREATMENTS. R.S.DUDLEY & CoO. 4609 INDIANA AVE.,CHICAGO. ILL. THE Wirariaa Crisis

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Chicago, IIl. i Cleveland, O. Philadelphia, Pa. — Kansas City, Mo. Washington, D. C. Detroit, Mich. New York City Indianapolis, Ind. _— (emma cs ere A Ast ne 4a Ramee ST RR I y ) _- O40 N. West Street SIS New Home of the MME. C. J. WALKER MANUFACTURING COMPANY, Inc. Manufacturers of the World Famous Mme. Walker’s Wonderful Hair Grower Complete System of Beauty Culture and Scientific Scalp Treatment taught in modern;-up to date Mme. C. J. Walker Schools of Beauty Cul- ture in the following locations: ©, 110 E. 47th Street 2268 E. 55th Street 1722 South Street 1834 Paseo Blvd. 1306 You Street, N. W. 2509 St. Antoine Street 110 W. 136th Street 640 N. West Street . For further>information write | |. THE MME. C: J. WALKER MANUFACTURING COMPANY, ING. Indianapolis, Ind.

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EAUTIFUL, inspiring songs — melodies that never will die — harmony that grips your very soul — all are yours on the wonderful Paramount spiritual records listed below. The world’s greatest artists are exclusive on Paramount. Order your favorites today from your dealer —or mail us the coupon. 12499—The Old Account Was Settled Long Ago and Daniel in the Lion’s Den, Norfolk Jubilee Quartette. 12520—Sinner, Don’t Let Dis Harvest Pass and In Presence of the Lord, Famous Jubilee Singers. (Soloist, Ernia Mae Cun- ningham.) 12516—I Believe I’ll Go Back Home and Sinner, You'll Need King Jesus, William and Versey Smith. (Guitar and Tam- borine, acc.) 12506—Jesus Gonna Shake My Righteous Hand and Receiving the Message, Biddleville Quintette. 12503—He’s the One and You’d Better Mind, Pace Jubilee Singers (soloists, Hattie Parker and Mrs. James Simpson). 12386—All I Want Is That Pure Religion and I Want to Be Like Jesus in My Heart, Deacon L. J. Bates. 12542—Wait Till I Put on My Robe and There’s No Hiding Place, Famous jubilee Singers. 12073—When All the Saints Come Marching In and That Old- Time Religion, Paramount Jubilee Singers. 12512—Time and Goodbye, I’ve Left the World Behind, Rev. T. T. Rose and Gospel Singers. 12527—The Scarlet Thread in the Window and On This Rock I Will Build My Church, Sermons by Son of Thunder (Johnnie Blakey). o_o So Loved the World and Prayer, Rev. W. A. ite. 12035—Father, Prepare Me and My Lord’s Gonna Move This Wicked Race, Norfolk Jubilee Quartette. Records are recorded by the latest new electric method. Greater volume. Amazingly clear tone. Always the best music — first on Paramount ee RECORDED — Paramount SEND NO MONEY! If your dealer is out ofthe records you want, send us the coupon below. Pay postman 75 cents for each record, plus small C. O. D. fee when he delivers records. We pay post- age on shipments of two or more records. a. wy a o ; < Ps . . 7 2 4 ) : Le 7 be vite = i eee ew Yor ‘ Tae : ge 7 _ Recordi Zi pS es, a ‘Wine oe Laboratories Port Washington, Wis: Send metherecords checked ( ) below, REG.U.S, PAT, OFF. Fe Race Record em ee RD ee ce oo

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