The Crisis 1925-10: Vol 30 Iss 6

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CHILDREN’S NUMBER | 1 Pl CHE CRISIS —

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Winning through our Superior Contract and Service the approval and confidence of Policyholders and Public. THE SOUTHERN AID SOCIETY OF VA., Inc., is entering the closing period of an Home Office Group 525-27-29 N. 2nd St. Richmond, Va. uncertain year with new high rec- ords for New Business Production, Premium Collec- tions and Service to Policyholders. The following expressions attest the points emphasized above: EXPRESSION FROM A WELL-KNOWN AND DISTINGUISHED DENTIST 2505 Nicholas Ave., S. E. Washington, D. C. July 15, 1925. Southern Aid Society of Va., Inc. District Office: 1901 - 7th St., N. W. Washington, D. C. Gentlemen: I herewith record my commendation of your businesslike method in paying benefits to my late wife, Mrs. Georgianna Hamilton. Also for your promptness in paying the death claim. Your company was the first to notify me that check awaited my call. Very truly yours, W. E. HAMILTON, D.D.S. 612 Jackson Street Lynchburg, Va. June 12, 1925. Southern Aid Society of Va., Inc. 527 North Second Street Richmond, Virginia Dear Sirs: Your letter of the 10th inst., advising me that a check of Three Hundred and Sixty-five ($365.00) Dollars had been mailed to me in full settlement of the death claim of my husband, George E. Reide, has been received. Your representative, Mr. R. D. Burton, gave me your check for Three Hundred and Sixty-five ($365.00) Dollars, which was the full amount covering the life of my husband, George E. Reide. Your company was the first one to respond out of the many that he belonged to. I heartily thank you for your prompt co- operation in such matters and I wish for your company a!! of the success that is due it. Respectfully yours, VIRGINIA J. REIDE. Southern Aid Society of Va., Inc. Home Offices: 525-27-29 N. 2nd St., Richmond, Va. INSURES AGAINST SICKNESS, ACCIDENT AND DEATH. Operating in Virginia and District of Columbia.

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THE CRISIS A RECORD OF THE DARKER RACES PUBLISHED MONTHLY AND COPYRIGHTED BY THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE AT 69 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, N. Y. CONDUCTED BY W. E. BURGHARDT DU BOIS; JESSIE REDMON FAUSET, LITERARY EDITOR; AUGUSTUS GRANVILLE DILL, BUSINESS MANAGER. Vol. 30 No. 6 OCTOBER, 1925 Whole No. 180 COVER Ermine Casey Bush of St. Louis, Missouri. Second Prize Baby in N. A. A. C. P. Contest. PICTURES OF 120 AMERICAN NEGRO CHILDREN OPINION “Fifteen”, “Twelve”, “Ashanti”, ‘“‘‘Contemptible Puppy’”, ‘Louis- ville, Kentucky’, ““White Cargo’, “Danger” TO A BROWN CHILD. A Poem. E. Lucien Waithe THE LITTLE PAGE. Effie Lee Newsome. KRIGWA. The Award of the Amy Spingarn Prizes YOUNG BRIDE. A Poem. Langston Hughes TWO MOODS OF LOVE. First prize poems. Countée Cullen. Illustrated. 280 “HIGH YALLER”. First prize story. Rudolph Fisher. Illustrated ; SCIENCE, PSEUDO-SCIENCE AND THE RACE QUESTION. Herbert Adolphus Miller THE HORIZON. Illustrated LOOKING GLASS. Illustrated THE NOVEMBER CRISIS The November CRISIS will contain E. Franklin Frazier’s ‘‘Eugenics and the Race Problem’’, a study of co-operation in a West Virginia school, the conclusion of Fisher’s “High Yaller’’, another prize story and Horne’s prize poem. FIFTEEN CENTS A COPY; ONE DOLLAR AND A HALF A YEAR FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTION TWENTY-FIVE CENTS EXTRA RENEWALS: The date of expiration of each subscription is printed on the wrapper. When the subscription is due, a blue renewal blank is enclosed. CHANGE OF ADDRESS: The address of a subscriber can be changed as often as desired. In ordering a change of address, bota the old and the new address must be given. Two weeks’ notice is required. MANUSCRIPTS and drawings relating to colored people are desired. They must be accom- panied by return postage. If found unavailable they will be mailed carefully to the sender but we assume no responsibility. Entered as second class matter November 2, 1910, at the post o..ce at New York, New York, under the Act of March 3, 1879.

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THE CRISIS ADVERTISER PAINE COLLEGE AUGUSTA, GA. STANDARD COLLEGE COURSES Approved Two-Year Normal Accredited Senior High School Up-to-Date Junior High School “To develop leaders you must have the best possible equipment for literary training and that is what we are striving for at Paine College”, said one of the leaders of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. This Church contributes largely to the support of Paine College. A Good School at Reasonable Rates For further information, address RAY S. TOMLIN, President, PAINE COLLEGE. Virginia Union University | is now a Class A College Excellent courses are offered in College as well as in Theology and in High School Work. The summer session is for college students only. For full information address the : President at Richmond, Virginia. School of High Standards and a Rigorous Pace WILEY COLLEGE Marshall, Texas Recognized as a Class ‘‘A’’ College by Standardizing Agencies. Has operated on the basis of four a year since June, 1921. August. Entrance any quarter. Leading colleges and universities represented on its faculty. More than two hundred and fifty enrolled in college department. $35,000 invested in scientific laboratory and library research equipment. Due prominence given te music and to wholesome athletics. M. W. DOGAN, President. eno em ea RRR A Lincoln University Pioneer in Collegiate and Theological Education Accredited by the Association of Colleges of the Middle States and Maryland. Lincoln Graduates are Leaders in the various professions and in all parts of the country. Address: The Dean of the University LINCOLN UNIVERSITY CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA The Cheyney Training School for Teachers (A State Normal School) Cheyney, Pa. A Pennsylvania State Normal School offering, in addition to the regular Normal Academic Course of two years, professional three year courses in Home Economics and Shop Work A diploma from any of these courses makes : graduate eligible to teach in the public schools of Pennsylvania. Registration Day, Tuesday. September 15, 1925. First semester begins Wednesday, September 16, 1925. For further information and catalog, write LESLIE PINCKNEY HILL, Principal - Cheynev, Pa. = = Mention Tue Crisis,

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THE CRISIS Vol. 30 No. 6 OCTOBER, 1925 Whole No. 180 “Suffer the little children to come unto me, and forbid them not; for of such is the kingdom of God.” FIFTEEN JITH this issue THE CRISIS finishes fifteen years of life and public service. We have fought battles of which we are proud, we have lifted ideals which still shine, we have faced criticism with unflinching courage. Of most of this, Reader, you have approved. Of some of it you have not. But you and we know that, whatever these fifteen turbulent years have done and demanded, the next fifteen call to even greater sternness, sincerity and high emprise. Never have the American Negro, the darker races of men and the submerged of all mankind needed more absolutely a fearless defense, a trained knowl- edge .of fact and an unswerving loyalty. But this, Reader, will cost some- thing and it will cost you something. Every war has its crippled, ruined and dead. Every battle, physical or moral, has its casualties. Whenever we win a fight like that at Fisk or chastise a fool or expose a scoundrel we lose in material prosperity as much or more than we gain in moral integrity. We may keep old friends but we gain new and vigorous en- emies. We are victims often of ma- licious persecution. This is not pecu- liar to THE CRISIS; it is the fate of outspoken opinion anywhere and it 267 explains the deference paid Evil in power and the venomous spite toward Virtue itself if it has no wealth or influence. This, Reader, points your path.- THE CRISIS needs friends. It needs backers and helpers. It neither has nor asks gifts or philanthropy, but it must have subscribers. It wants subscribers who pay their own sub- scriptions promptly and subscribers who pay for copies sent to others: To persons who cannot afford to subscribe. To persons who have not heard of THE CRISIS and its program. To young folk who need to read. To white folk who sympathize and do not realize. To white folk who hate and hurt because of ignorance. To officials in high place. To foreigners. To organizations. To institutions, braries. For this end we are starting a cam- paign of two months—November first to January first. We want in this period: 1. To renew all expiring ‘and ex- pired subscriptions. 2. To secure 10,000 new sub- scribers. 3. To have friends pledge and pay for 10,000 subscriptions to be sent to persons whom they name or whom we suggest. Begin now. Send your own re- newal. Secure three to five new sub- schools and li-

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268 THE scribers. Send us $3, $7.50 or $15.00 or $30.00 for 2, 5, 10, or 20 subscrip- tions to be sent to persons who need the kind of mental pabulum which THE Crisis furnishes. Will you not write us for particu- lars? “Backward, turn backward, O Time, in your flight! Make me a child again, just for to- night!” od 4 CRISIS as business manager. He was trained as a teacher and musician at Atlanta and Har- vard. He left a permanent position and his beloved art to cast his lot with an experiment. It was a dif- cult position. He was asked to make TWELVE WELVE years ago Augustus Granville Dill came to THE a self-supporting and even paying business out of an enterprise whose object was not income but ideal. It sounded fine but ideals do not pay printers’ bills and that many a poor publication knows. Mr. Dill was asked to bring order and business system out of careless agents and still more careless subscribers. He was asked to get advertisements from men who could expect no editorial puffs or cut rates. He must take criticism and abuse without reply. All this he did. In twelve years he has collected and disbursed $561,046. He has made THE CRISIS self-sup- porting. He has paid our bills and collected our debts: last year with 800 agents in all corners of the world he collected 89 per cent of the money they owed us. He not only paid our Crisis debts but when the BROW- NIES’ BOOK, of beautiful memory, parted, he insisted on paying $8,931.51 out of his own pocket so that no person lose a cent! CRISIS Blessed be the truth that back of all the worry and responsibility and wracking sense of utter duty,—out of the endless detail and harsh blame that wears this man there still sits high in his soul that eternal Music which Business cannot kill, that calm Beauty which figures will not de- stroy ; and this those know who heard this summer the great organ of John Haynes Holmes’ Community Church, in New York City speak under Augustus Granville Dill’s loving fingers. “I think that saving a little child And bringing him to his own, Is a derned sight better business Than loafing around the throne.” ASHANTI PPA HE CRISIS prides itself mod- estly on some knowledge of Africa. But now and then when the editor nods the printer’s devil does curious things. In our September number, for in- stance, there is a caption under an interesting picture which says “King Prempeh of Dahomey with Bishop Alleyne of the A. M. E. Zion Church in Nigeria, British West Africa”. In the same short space we could scarce- ly have made more mistakes. King Prempeh is of Ashanti, not Dahomey ; and Ashanti belongs to-Great Britain and is not a part of Nigeria but of the Gold Coast. The land was prob- ably seized in the 16th and 17th cen- turies by the tribes driven back be- fore the empire building Mohamme- dan Negroes of the Sudan. The gov- ernment was a military aristocracy and the great founder of the power of the Ashantis was Gsai Tutu in the early 18th century. The Ashantis came in contact with British power in the first quarter of the 19th cen- tury and in 1873-4 they were in open

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270 war. In 1888 Prince Prempeh came to the throne and went to war with England in 1895. The following year he was overwhelmed by tremendous British armament and was deposed and deported. Even after this the Ashantis rebelled in 1900 but the country was finally pacified and an- nexed to the British Empire in 1901. Finally, this year the deposed King was allowed to return to Ashanti. He is of course stripped of all power and carefully watched although treated with many outward marks of consideration by the British. “Wait, thou child of hope, for Time shall teach thee all things.” “CONTEMPTIBLE PUPPY” HE President of Howard Uni- versity has publicly denied } calling Kelly Miller a “con- =) temptible puppy”. THE CRISIS is compelled therefore in the inter- ests of truth to present the facts in the case. It has documentary evi- dence to support these facts. In 1919 the Parents’ League of Washington was fighting to oust Ros- coe C. Bruce from his superintend- ency of the colored public schools. Its methods of attack caused wide dif- ference of opinion and THE CRISIS criticised them. Kelly Miller as a citi- : zen, parent of school children and tax payer, commented publicly on the situation and a delegation of colored ministers complained to President Durkee. On May 24, 1919, Miller was ordered from his class room to re- port immediately to the President’s office. The president berated Miller so long and severely that finally Miller ° remarked that he would slap the face of any man who talked to him like that if Durkee were not protected by his official position. ““Leave the room, you contemptible puppy!” yelled the President. THE CRISIS . Friends of the two took up the mat- ter and patched up a truce. Profes- sor Miller withdrew his threat and the President withdrew his epithet and to both the incident was to be for- gotten. Kelly Miller has kept his agreement to the letter but six years after President Durkee has publicly denied his part. “But whoso shall offend one of these little ones which believe in me, it were better for him that a mill- stone were hanged about his neck, and that he were drowned in the depth of the sea.” LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY AVE you noticed, brethren, 9 | that since the afflatus of post- war “science” and the great See and ex-cathedra utterances of those mighty scientists, McDou- gall of Harvard and what-you-may- call-him of Princeton—that since all this flare up and proof of Negro “in- feriority” by “intelligence” tests, there has dropped a significant si- lence? Truly the high schools and Chautauquas, the magazines and city editors are still presenting the tri- umphant results of the “Alpha” tests during the draft; but real scien- tists are going a bit slow. Why? Well, here is one of the reasons: In Louisville, Kentucky, they have been testing school children. They had in expert psychologists and turned them loose on the children, white and black. And then? Well and then, silence; Silence! A little bird whispered to the edi- tor and he wrote a polite note to the Superintendent of Louisville City Schools asking for the published re- sults of the . “Intelligence” tests. Silence. Some of the local colored school teachers asked. Silenee. The editor wrote again and even more po- litely, enclosing a stamp, and the re- ply came:

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“T have your letter of July 17. We are constantly making tests in the Louisville schools but this informa- tion is not available to the public. “Very truly yours, (Signed) “B. W. HARTLEY Superintendent.” What is wrong? Why all this heavy secrecy? Tell it not in Gath, but if the truth must be known, those damned tests went and came out wrong! In other words, instead of proving white children superior they actually proved—but no; we cannot write it; it’s too awful. But what difference does it make anyhow? Who needs psychology or evolution or anthropology or any- thing else to prove Nordic superior- ity? Doesn’t everybody know it without proof? And if the new psy- chology in the hands of scientists, in- stead of army Bullards and academic idiots, eventually fails our McDou- gals, Grants and Stoddards, need they worry? There's plenty of “sci- entific” proof to come. Meantime to Louisville in its mis- ery we make the suggestion: Don’t publish all the results, publish the parts you like best. Or better, wait and publish only those which come out right! “WHITE CARGO” JHEN Leon Gordon’s play, i “White Cargo”, opened in ! New York, anonymous per- sons sought to have the ITTLE brown feet that toss in air, Double rosebuds on a stem, Hard and scorching is the way Like the road from Bethlehem Leading to the requiem. Little brown eyes so innocent, Shining with a starry light, THE TO A BROWN CHILD E. LucIEN WAITHE CRISIS editor see it and suggest that it was a play we ought to oppose. Well, final- ly and at our leisure we have seen it and far from opposing it we are heartily and enthusiastically in favor of it. It is the story of a beautiful, ignorant, mulatto bastard and har- lot whom the degenerate white men engaged in uplifting Africa have made their toy and plaything. As a picture of English civilization in the tropics it is quite unequalled. We hope it will play long and far. Its truth is startling and the reaction of the white audience is heroic. They applaud loud and wildly when the scoundrel, Witzel, pleads with the English boy to live with the mulatto gir] without marrying her; and the homily of the drunken doctor on the sacredness of “white man’s mar- riage” is about as delicious a piece of hypocrisy as we have _ witnessed. Let the play go on. If I were Lord Cromer himself I’d raise no finger against it. Of course it isn’t pleas- ant entertainment for colored folk (although Tondeleyo is the most hon- est and genuine figure in the play), but it’s fine for white folk and splen- didly true. They need it. “And Jesus called a little child unto him, and set him in the midst of them. “And said, Verily I say unto you, except ye be converted, and become as little children, ye shall not enter into the kingdom of heaven.” Must life’s lurid, hateful glare Hurt them, dim their cheerful sight, Take the day and give them night! Little white soul within the brown Fleshy case of innocence, Must you warp and suffer long Just for one small consequence, All the work of Providence!

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THE LITTLE PAGE J as CALENDAR CHAT ,4= the month that lays bare the secrets of the trees. The late summer sun parches the leaves to dryness. The winds of early autumn bear them away, and there is noth- ing to hide the naked branches. You may now see those nests that the birds hid with such care. You watched them all spring diving under this thick umbrella of leaves or into that cluster of vines, and wondered just what Brown Thrasher’s .nest in the honeysuckle arbor looked like, or in which fork of the tree Mother Robin had placed her basket, or upon what slender swinging high branch the exquisite oriole had fastened her dainty pouch. But, behold, the autumn winds have laid bare all these secrets before us. There is the robin’s nest in the apple tree, flat on a high bough, or there again another robin’s cradle at the back of the lawn in a poplar fork. And heigh-ho, here is a little sparrow nest in the drying blackberry bush, imagine! And now, by the way, you can see just how the trees are really shaped. See how sprawling catalpa is without its big pro- tecting leaves, and note that pear trees’ By EFFIE LEE NEWSOME ae UJ branches grow more upright than those of the kindly spreading apple tree. And then looking down from the trees to the fields you will see silvery-white tufts of thistle floss held here and there among the wilted wild carrot sprigs, and you will find red pips on the wild roses. Yet how many new flowers there are to replace those that have died! There is the ironweed that I have long wished to call the “‘amethystia” because of its lovely purple color. And the name ironweed is so homely. Goldenrod and “amethystia”, how lovely they make the au- tumn, this season of purple and gold and rich crimson flowers! And there are so many tiny golden or lemon yellow butter- flies in great dreamy flocks, pausing above little pools, and wavering like the suns of autumn. I, September, am proud to be one of Au- tumn’s three children. For she seems to guide even the flight of the birds, though of course it is Jehovah who does this, but He lets it all take place when Autumn comes. Now it is that the noisy blackbirds fly through the air in crowds like waxwings swarming to the cherry trees in spring. The grackles or blackbirds are flying south- ward to chatter all winter in the rushes that are the lashes of those great shiny eyes, the lagoons of Florida. THE LOCUST 7 know how Cinderella dropped Her crystal slipper as she fled, So Locust left his glass-clear frock ~ Here on the bough above my head. He must have heard some Locust-clock Chime out, “The summer time is dead”’. Just yesterday the jolly fellow Was making music on his cello! AUTUMN TINTS ISS CHINESE VERMILION and gay Mr. Green Once had a discussion, a real tragic scene. She said that her color belonged on the trees, And not Mr. Green’s, in the fall, if you please. The breeze bore the gossip abroad far and wide, 274

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OCTOBER, 1925 But which was the winner, the sun must decide. ASTERS HE asters have come here To camp on the wold. They must be rich gypsies— In purple and gold! NATURE AND SCHOOL DAYS O NE living in the city can buy the knick- knacks for one’s lunch box from vari- ous shops between home and the school, but how ‘different it is when one lives in the country and attends a school far away from bright-windowed bakeries and fragrant candy stores! What does one do in such cases? City Boy and City Girl are puzzled to imagine. I am going to tell them, for I know all about it. I grew up in a college settlement that was three miles from town, and many of my childhood classmates would come to school through the woods. And what wonderful little surprises they were always bringing 275 in their lunch baskets. As school was just opening in September they would begin with bringing luscious Ben Davis apples that snapped back with solid “thunks” when sounded with the fingers. They would bring late in the month great golden pears to follow the season of Bart- letts, and gather from the woods hawthorn berries of red and black varieties called “haws”, and ripened by September sun to a faint sweetness. Beechnuts, walnuts and hickory nuts would also be conveyed to school in baskets. But the beechnuts, of course, were only playthings. Boys and girls living near the grove would “shop” there all year round on the way to school, and what nice fresh nat- ural food they failed to bring from home orchards they would collect here, where the chipmunks and squirrels did their market- ing also. TO CRICKET fees. you’re wise to steal away To some house-nook for winter stay; But don’t step forth again in May Dressed in your same dark rusty gray. KRIGWA Um AWARD OF PRIZES HE award of prizes in the Amy Spingarn Con- test in Literature and Art is as follows: STORIES Judges—H. G. Wells, Sinclair Lewis, Charles W. Chesnutt, Mary White Oving- ton. First Prize—$100, “High Yaller”, by “John Chauncey Brown” (Pseudonym), Ru- dolph Fisher, M. D., Freedmen’s Hospital, Washington, D. C. é Second Prize—$50, “There Never Fell A Night So Dark,” by “Jean France” (Pseu- donym), Mrs. Marie French, 518 North Pine Street, Colorado Springs, Colorado. Third Prize—$20, “Three Dogs and a Rabbit,” by “Elizabeth Stokes” (Pseu- donym), Mrs. Anita Scott Coleman, Box 252, Siiver City, New Mexico. ESSAYS Judges—Edward Bok, J. E. Spingarn, Benjamin Brawley. First Prize—$50, “On Being Young—A Woman—and Colored,” by “Jean Talbot” (Pseudonym), Miss Marietta O. Bonner, 7 Dennison Street, Roxbury, Massachusetts. Second Prize—$30, “The Fascination of Cities,” by “Raif Dickerson” (Pseudonym), Langston Hughes, 1816 Twelfth Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. Third Prize—10, “Salvation,” by “Anthro- pos” (Pseudonym), G. A. Stewart, 222 North 21st St., Columbus, Ohio. PLAYS Judges—Eugene O’Neill, roughs, Lester A. Walton. First Prize—$75, “The Broken Banjo,” by Willis Richardson, 2023 Thirteenth Street, N. W., Washington, D, C, Charles Bur-

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276 THE Second Prize—$40, “The Church Fight,” by “Auntie” (Pseudonym), Ruth Ada Gaines Shelton, 1523 Good Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri. Third Prize—$10, “For Unborn Chil- dren,” Miss Myrtle Athleen Smith, 615 Sixth Street, Greeley, Colorado. POEMS Judges—William Stanley Braithwaite, Robert Morss Lovett, Leslie Pinckney Hill. First Prize—$50, “Two Moods of Love,” by “Timothy Tumble” (Pseudonym), Coun- tée Cullen, 2190 Seventh Avenue, New York, noe. Second Prize—$30, “Letters Found Near A Suicide,” by “Xavier I” (Pseudonym), Frank Horne, 351 Lenox Avenue, New York, N.Y. Third Prize—$10, “Poems,” by “Ralph Anson” and “Jerry Biera’’ (Pseudonym), Langston Hughes, 1816 Twelfth Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. ILLUSTRATIONS Judges—Walter Jack Duncan, H. Glinten- kamp, Winold Reiss. First Prize—$75, “Outis” (Pseudonym), E. A. Harleston, 118 Calhoun Street, Charleston, South Carolina. Second Prize—$40, Albert Smith, care American Express Company, 11 Rue Scribe, Paris, France. Third Prize—$10, H. A. Woodruff, Suite 314, 46 North Penn Street, Indianapolis, Indiana. The initial sifting of the manuscripts and selection of those of merit was done by the editors of THE CRISIS with the inestimable co-operation of Mary White Ovington, Jean Toomer, Lester Walton, Emmett J. Scott, Jr., Edwin Morgan and Yolande DuBois. ESIDE the three prize B stories there are seven others of sufficient merit for THE CrisIs to publish during the next year. Among these are: “The Third and Fourth Generations” by Lucille Francis. “Immolation” by “Albert Gold” (Pseu- donym), Mrs. C. F. Cook, Washington. “Swamp Judgment” by N. B. Young, Jr., St. Louis, Mo. “The Blue Awning” by Jean A. Stewart, Columbus, Ohio. >. OTHER CONTESTANTS CRISIS “Preacher” by “Le Triste” (Pseudonym). “The Hedge” by Olive Green “The Parafine Cover” by Adele Brigham. Among the essays are four which we shall publish: “Dunbar, the Poet” by Amy Williams. “Remarks Upon Three Things as They Are” by Mrs. Anita Scott Coleman, Silver City, New Mexico. “The Coming of the Black Modernist” by Cassius Van Dyke. “The Psychology of the Garvey Move- ment” by “Mbombu” (Pseudonym), E. Franklin Frazier, Atlanta, Georgia. Among the poems we shall publish: “A Sketch of Lenox Avenue” by “She” (Pseudonym) and others by Grace P. White and Martin W. Hawkins. We shall also use a cover contributed by Laura Wheeler. WorbDs OF THE JUDGES UR judges have express- ed gratification at the high character of the work submitted to them in THE Crisis Art con- test. Of the stories, H. G. Wells, perhaps the foremost novelist of the world, writes: “‘High Yaller’ is first-class work. I con- gratulate Mr. Brown [Pseudonym for Ru- dolph Fisher] on a good, clear, effective story. He will go far. I put ‘Three Dogs and a Rabbit’ second on the list. Congratu- lations to Miss Stokes [Pseudonym for Mrs. Anita Scott Coleman].” Sinclair Lewis, the most popular contem- porary American novelist, adds: ‘Of these stories, it seems both to me and my wife that ‘High Yaller’ is incomparably the best, and we have read them all with great care.” Charles W. Chesnutt, our own laureate, says: “‘High Yaller’, the most ambitious of the four stories, is very well written. Of course an editor reading it with a view to publication could make certain suggestions as to the language and figures of speech here and there. The plot is well worked out, with a heroine and a hero and a villain, and its atmosphere may be a correct reflection of Negro life in Harlem, with which I am not very familiar. But to me at least the theme is not convincing. . . . ““There Never Fell a Night So Dark’ is in my opinion the best of the lot. The theme is human. It is a simple sketch, though with some elements of improbability in the plot. “If I were grading the stories I should

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C.. 2: Ford, Ses. Peoria, Til. Esther Beatty Cairo, Ill. Charles Gilmer Milwaukee, Wis E. Elizabeth L — New Haven, Conn. Rose V. Parks Terre Haute, Ind. Charles R. Meek Springfield, ‘Ill. Gertrude White Orange, N. J. Pauline P. Edwards Kansas City, Mo. 277 L. Doris Hutchins Gary, Ind. Chester Sobeeen Altadena, Calif. Aurelia Walton Detroit, Mich. e.. F. Palmer, Jr. Newport News, Va. Lillian Dice Bloomington, ln Mary E. Driver Gloucester, Va. John R. Dorsey Pittsburgh, Pa. Consuelo VanVactor Cairo, Il.

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278 THE make ‘There Never Fell a Night So Dark’ No. 1, ‘High Yaller’ No. 2, ‘Three Dogs and a Rabbit’ No. 3, and ‘Easy Pickin’s’ No. 4.” Of the essays Joel E. Spingarn, whom most colored people know as a friend and most white people as a keen student of literary criticism, writes: “Only one of the essays you sent me is an essay in the con- ventional sense, and that is very conven- tional indeed. All the others are ‘sketches’, and all of them are so full of promise that it is very difficult to place them in any for- mal order of merit. But I like ‘On Being Young, a Woman, and Colored’ best. The mood of being young in an old world, a woman in a man’s world, and colored in a white world is all there—and back of the mood, vistas and vistas. Then I place ‘Sal- vation’, if only because the vivid yet clipped and staccato sentences of ‘The Fascination of Cities’ are at times artificial and trying. But all three are good. They are charged with feeling, personal feeling rooted in race feeling, and the sense of a personal wound is never absent. Personal wounds are an advantage to the artist, I often think—if he can transcend them, that is, make of them a ladder and not a burden,, or (to use the jargon of aesthetics) if his practical personality is sublimated into an artistic personality. To the thinker a personal wound can never be a ladder, but only a burden of which-he must divest himself or cease to be a thinker. To make a personal grievance eloquent, that will suffice for or- ator, reformer. prophet, agitator, literary man and religious teacher; but to the artist that is not enough, and to the thinker that is nothing at all. I see everywhere the artist in the American Negro rising to find expression, and I have faith that the thinker too will find his universal thought.” Edward Bok, former editor of the Ladies’ Home Journal, writes: “I have been very much impressed with the equal merit of these CRISIS contributions. ing in them.” The judges of poetry were headed by Wii- liam Stanley Braithwaite, who writes: “I read the poems yesterday and report the following selections in the order given. That is, I am naming what seems to me the four best poems. They are: first, ‘If Love Be Staunch’; second, ‘Lament’; third, ‘Cross’; fourth, ‘To “Chick”’. I have not taken ‘Three Moods of Love’ as one poem ‘Lament’ is very nearly as good as ‘If Love Be Stauneh’, but in two lines the writer makes one slur the accent, and this gives a slight tarnish to the imagery. “As a disinterested arbiter I could only make my selection on the basis of actual achievement, an important part in which is the adequacy of form; but I do want to speak an appreciative word for ‘A Sketch of Lenox Avenue, New York’, by ‘She’. Whoever this writer is, she has the ore of poetry in her, and it only needs the re- fining process of technical command to achieve a notable visionary expression. Theré’s power there and a keen assemblage of values.” Robert Morss Lovett, of the New Republic, says: “I am glad to have had the opportun- ity of reading them.” On the plays we quote only the Master, Eugene O’Neill: “I am glad to hear that the judges all agreed on ‘The Broken Banjo’ and that the play was so successfully staged. Willis Richardson should certainly continue working in this field.” There is some excellent writ- THE 599 A finally of the five hundred and _ninety- nine who tried and received neither word nor prize; we are going to write each one of you and tell you what we think of your effort and what Krigwa advises and how the advice may best be followed. And in 1926: another $600 in prizes! YOUNG BRIDE LANGSTON HUGHES HEY say she died,— = Although I do not know, They say she died of grief And in the earth-dark arms of Death Sought calm relief, And rest from pain of Love In loveless sleep.

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Willie Mae Jones Cairo, Ill. Alfred Williams Bloomington, Ill. Walter Alexander, Jr. Orange, N. J. Daisie Lock Kansas City, Kans. Marjorie Bolten Jefferson City, Mo. Margaret Nathan Bloomington, IJIl. Vernal Arnold Chickasha, Okla. Rudolph Emmons Garv, Indiana Johnson Lee Toney North Kenova, O. Elmer McDougal Gary, Ind Barbra Ann Baker W. Palm Beach, Fla. Richard Boe Jr. Bayonne, Russell Lee Davis Cleveland, O. Mary Geraldine Duffield Johnson City, Tenn. Alma D. Reed Jefferson City, Mo. William C. Matney, Jr. Bluefield, W. Va.

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TWO MOODS OF LOVE UH ae IF LOVE BE STAUNCH F love be staunch, call mountains brittle; Love is a thing will live . So long, my dear,—Oh, just the little While water stays in a sieve. Yea, love is deathless as the day Whose death the stars reveal; And love is loyal all the way, If treachery be leal. Beyond the shadow of a doubt, No thing is sweet as love, But, oh, the bitterness spewed out Of the heart at the end thereof! Beyond all cavil or complaint, Love is a clever chap; COUNTEE CULLEN These poems won the first prize of $50 in the Amy Spingarn Prize contest for 1925. 280 am LJ He wears the visage of a saint Beneath the devil’s cap. Whom yesterday love rhymed his sun Today he names a star; When the course of another day is run, What will he say you are? LAMENT OW let all lovely things embark a Upon the sea of mist With her whose luscious mouth the dark, Grim troubadour had kissed. The silver clock that ticked away Her days and never knew Its beats were swordthrusts to the clay That too much beauty slew. The pillow favored with her tears, And hallowed by her head; I shall not even keep my fears, Now their concern is dead. But where shall I bury sun and rain, How mortalise the stars, How still the half-heard cries of pain That seared her soul with scars? In what sea depths shall all the seeds Of every flower die? Where shall I scatter the broken reeds, And how erase the sky? And where shall I find a hole so deep No troubled ghost may rise? There will I put my heart to sleep Wanting her face and eyes.

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“HIGH YALLER” . A Story RUDOLPH FISHER Ue This story won the first prize of $100 for fiction in the Amy Spingarn Prize Contest for 1925. The story is in five parts. parts in the November number. DR. RUDOLPH FISHER Rudolph Fisher, M. D., of Washington, D. C., is an interne in the Freedmen’s Hos- pital. He was born in Washington, May 9, 1897, educated in the public schools of New York and Providence, Rhode Island, and at Brown University where he took his A.B. and A. M. together with membership in the Phi Beta Kappa, Delta Sigma Rho and the Sigma Xi. He studied medicine at Howard. He was married in 1924 and has published stories in the Atlantic Monthly and else- where. I HE timekeeper’s venomous’ whistle killed the ball in its flight, halfway to the basket. There was a triumphant bed- lam. From the walls of Manhattan Casino impatient multitudes swarmed on to the im- mense floor, congratulating, consoling, gib- ing; pouring endlessly from the surround- ing terrace, like long restrained torrents at last transcending a dam; sweeping tumul- tuously in from all sides, till the dance floor sank beneath a sounding flood of dark- skinned people, submerged to its furthest corners save the distant platform that gave the orchestra refuge, like a raft. A sudden blare of music cut the uproar. The turbu- 281 Parts one and two appear this month and the other lence gradually ordered itself into dense, crawling currents, sluggish as jammed traf- fic, while the din of voices at length reluc- tantly surrendered to the rhythmic swish- swash of shuffling feet. Looking down from a balcony on that dark mass of heads, close together as buck- shot, Evelyn Brown wondered how they all managed to enjoy it. Why must they al- ways follow a _ basket-ball game with a dance?—the one pleasurable enough, the other mob-torture, she knew. “Game?” challenged MacLoed. She couldn’t refuse her escort, of course. “Tf you are.” They descended and struck out like swim- mers in the sea. MacLoed surrounded her as closely as a lifesaver. She knew that he had to, but she hated it—this mere hugging to music, this acute consciousness of her partner’s body. The air was vile—hot, full of breath and choking perfume. You were forever avoiding, colliding, marking time on the same spot. So insulating was the crush that you might sway for several min- utes near a familiar couple, even recognize their voices, yet catch only the merest glimpse of their vanishing faces. Something of the sort was happening now. Evelyn heard someone say her name, and the mordant intonation with the suc- ceeding spiteful snatch-phrases made her forget the physical unpleasantness of the moment. “Evelyn Brown?—Hmph!—got yellow fever—I know better—color struck, I tell you—girls she goes around with—all lily whites—even the fellows—Mac to-day—pas. for white anywhere—Jeff, Rickmond, Stan- ley Hall, all of ’em—You? Shoot! You don’t count—you’re crazy ’bout high yallers anyhow.” The words were engulfed. Evelyn had not needed to look. Mayme Jackson’s voice was unmistakable. The dance number ended on an unre- solved, interrogative chord that set off an explosion of applause. Jay Martin, who

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282 THE kad just been defending Evelyn against Mayme’s charge, spied the former’s fluff of fair hair through several intervening thick- nesses of straight and straightened black, and, dragging Mayme by the arm, he made tor the other couple. “Now say what you said about Evelyn!” he dared Mayme, mock-maliciously, quite unaware that Evelyn already knew. “Sweetest old thing in the world,’ came Mayme’s tranquil purr. “Rake in the chips,” gasped Jay. “Your pot.” He addressed Evelyn. “How about the next wrestle?” There was a ready exchange of partners. The orchestra struck up an air from a pop- ular Negro comedy: “‘Yaller Gal’s Gone Out o’ Style”. Soon the two couples were urged apart in increasingly divergent currents. “Black sea,” commented Jay. But Evelyn was thoughtful. “Nobody else.” “I heard what Mayme said.” “You did? Aw, heck—don’t pay any at- tention to that kid. She’s a nut.” “I’m not so sure she isn’t right, Jay.” “Right? About what?” “T’ye been thinking over my best friends. They’re practically all ‘passing’ fair. Any one of them could pass—for a foreigner, anyway.” “Me, for instance,” he grinned. Woogy-boogy of Abyssinia.” “I’m afraid you prove the rule.” He was serious. “Well, what of it?” “Oh, I don’t mean I’ve done it intention- ally. I never realized it till just now. But, just as Mayme says, it looks bad.” “Hang what Mayme says. She’s kind 0’ gone on yaller men, herself. See the way she melted into Mac’s shirtfront? Hung round his neck like a chest-protector. Didn’t drape herself over me that way.” “Jay?” “Prince “Jay! You’re as bad as she is.’ “That’s what she said.” ““What do you mean?” “Claims I fall only for pinks.” “Oh. I didn’t mean that.” “Neither did she. Point is, there aren’t any more dark girls. Skin bleach and rouge have wiped out the strain. The blacks have turned sealskin, the sealskins are high- brown, the high-browns are all yaller, and the yallers are pink. How’s a bird going to fall for what ain’t?” They jazzed on a while in noisy silence. CRISIS Evelyn’s tone was surprisingly bitter when at last she spoke again: “T wish I looked like Mayme.” Aston- ished, Jay stared at her as she went on: “A washerwoman can make half a million dol- jars turning dark skins light. Why doesn’t someone learn how to turn light skins dark?” And now, in addition to staring, he saw her: the averted blue eyes, the fine lips about to quiver, the delicate, high-bridged nose, the white cheeks, colorless save for the faintest touch, the incredible tawny, yellow- flecked, scintillant hair,—an almost crystal- line creature, as odd in this dark company as a single sapphire in jet. He was quick to comprehend. “I know a corner—let’s sit out the rest,” he suggested. When they achieved their place in a far end of the terrace, the orchestra was out- doing itself in the encore. One of its mem- bers sang through a megaphone in a smoky, halt-talking voice: “Oh Miss Pink thought she knew her stuff, But Miss High Brown has called her bluff.” When the encore ended, the dancers de- manded yet another. The rasp of synco- pation and the ceaseless stridor of soles min- gled, rose about the two refugees, seeming to wall them in, so that presently they felt alone together. “Jay, can you imagine what it’s like to-be colored and look white?” He tried to be trivial. at times, I should think.” “But oftener unbearable. That song— imagine—everyone looking at you—laugh- ing at you. And Mayme Jackson—‘yellow fever’! Can I help it?—Jeff—Rickmond— Stanley Hall—yes, they’re light. But what can I do? I like the others. I’d be glad to go places with them. But they positively avoid me.” “T don’t, Ev.” “No, you don’t, Jay.” But her bitterness recaptured her. “Oh, I’ve heard them talk- ing: ‘There goes Evelyn Brown—queen of the lily-whites—nothing brown about her but her name’!” A swiftly matured determina- tion rendered her suddenly so grim that it seemed, fragile as she was, something about her must break. “Jay, no one’s going to ac- cuse me of jim-crowing again!” “Very convenient “Shucks. What do you care as long as you don’t mean to?”

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OCTOBER, 1925 “I’m not only not going to mean to. not going to. I don’t.” “What the deuce—by cutting your gang?” “No. By cultivating the others.” “Oh.” “Jay—will you help me?” “Help you? Sure. How?” “Come to see me oftener.” “Good night! Don’t you see enough of me at the office every day?” “Come oftener. Take me places when you’re not too broke. Rush me!” He grinned as he perceived her purpose. “Doggone good stunt!” he said slowly, with increasingly enthusiastic approval. “Blessed if I wouldn’t like to see you put it over, Ev. It’ll show Mayme something, anyhow.” “Tt’ll show me something, too.” “You? What?” She was about to answer when a sharp, indecent epithet rent the wall of noise that had until then isolated them. Looking in- voluntarily up, Jay saw two youngsters, quarreling vituperatively. They were too close to be ignored, and, since dancing was at its height, no one else was about. “Excuse me a second,” he said, rising be- fore Evelyn could protest. The pair were I’m I’m going to see to it that but a few feet away. The evident aggres- sor was a hard-looking little black youth of indefinite age,—perhaps sixteen actual years, plus the accumulated bonus of world- ly wisdom which New York pays its chil- dren. He grew worse, word by word. Ap- proaching, Jay spoke sharply, in a low voice so that Evelyn might not hear: “Cut out that gutter-talk, boy!” “Aw, go to hell!” Jay stopped, less amazed than aggra- vated. He knew his Harlem adolescent, but he was not quite sure what to do with it. Meanwhile he was being advised: “This is a horse-race, big boy. No jackasses al- lowed!” He seized the lad firmly by the shoulder and said, “Son, if you don’t cover that gar- bage-trap of yours——” but the boy flung away and defied him in-a phrase both loud and ugly. Thoroughly angered, Jay clapped one hand over the offending mouth and, catching the youngster around the waist with the other, forcibly propelled him through a tangle of empty, spindle-legged chairs to a place where two big policemen, one black and one red, were complacently 283 watching the dancers. him with “Now—talk.” The boy scowled with wrath and impo- tence. So outraged in the street, he would have found a stone to throw. Now only a retaliative speech was left him, and the nearness of the law attenuated even that: “Aw ’ight! Showin’ off before ’at ole ’fay gal, huh? Aw ’ight, y’ pink-chaser. Ah’m goan put y’ both in.” And he sidled darkly off, pulling at his disadjusted collar. Evelyn, out of earshot, followed it all with her eyes. “Mac wouldn’t have done that,” she mused as she saw Jay turn from the boy and start back toward her. ‘‘Mac would have pretended he didn’t hear.” And before Jay reached her, she had decided Here he released ‘something: “I certainly like Jay Martin. He’s so—white.” II. Over One Hundred and Thirty-fourth Street’s sidewalks between Fifth and Lenox Avenues Jay Martin’s roller-skates had rat- tled and whirred in the days when that was the northern boundary of Negro Harlem. He had grown as the colony grew, and now he could just recall the time when his father, a pioneer preacher, had been forever warn- ing him never to cross Lenox Avenue and never to go beyond One Hundred and Thir- ty-fifth Street; a time when no Negroes lived on or near Seventh Avenue and when it , would have been almost suicidal for one to appear unarmed on Irish Eighth. School had been a succession of fist-fights with white boys who called him nigger, until, when he reached the upper grades, the colored boys began to outnumber the white; from that time until high school, pitched battles superseded individual con- tests; and he ran home bruised less often. His high school record had been good, and his father, anxious to make a physician of him, had sent him on to college. At the end of his third year, however, the looming draft menace, combined with the chance of a com- mission in the army, had urged him into a training camp at Des Moines. He had gone to France as a lieutenant. When he returned, unharmed, he found his father fatally ill and his mother helpless. Further study out of the question, he had taken his opportunity with a Negro real es- tate firm, and for five years now he had

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284 THE been actively concerned in black Harlem’s extension, the spread whose beginnings his earlier years had witnessed. About Evelyn, of course, there had been hypothesis: “Looks mighty funny to me when a woman Jennie Brown’s color has a yaller-headed young one white as Evelyn.” “Daddy was white, so I understan’.” “Huh. An’ her mammy, too, mos’ likely. *At’s de way dese rich white folks do. Comes a wile oat dey doan want, dey ups an’ gives it to one de servants—to adopt.” “Oh, I dunno. How come she couldn’t been married to some white man ’nuther? Dey’s plenty sich, right hyeh in Harlem.” “Plenty whut? Plenty common law, may- be. You know d’ ain’ no se’f-respectin’ white man gonna——” “Well, doan make no diff’nce. Cain’ none of us go but so fur back in our fam’ly hist’ry ’fo we stops. An’ doan nobody have t’ ask us why we stops. We jes’ stops. Evelyn’s a good girl. Smart—works regular an’ makes mo’ out o’ dem real estate niggers ’n she’d ever make in Miss Ann’s kitchen. Bad ’s her mother’s asthma’s gittin’, no tellin’ whut they’d do if ’twasn’t f’ Evelyn’s job an’ dem two women lodgers.” “Oh, I ain’ sayin’ nuthin’ ’gins ’em. Only seem like to me—dey’s a white man in de woodpile somewha’.” ' Her own singularity had become conscious early in Evelyn’s life. There crept often into her mind of late an old, persistent rec- ollection. She and Sookie Johnson, seven- year-old playmates, had been playing jacks on the front stoop. There arose a dispute as to whose turn it was. Sookie owned the ball and Evelyn the jacks; neither would surrender her possession to the other, and the game was deadlocked. Whereupon, the spiteful Sookie had resorted to abuse: “Y’ ole yaller thing, you! My mother say y’ cain’t ’speck nuthin’ f’m yaller nig- gers nohow!” Evelyn had thrown the jacks into Sookie’s face and run heartbroken to her mother. Why didn’t she have kinky hair and dark brown skin like Sookie’s? “Why, honey, you’re beautiful,” her mother had comforted her. “Folks ‘ll call you names long as you live. They’re just jealous, that’s all.” Thus fortified, Evelyn had come to ma- CRISIS turity, finding her mother’s prophecy ever and again true. “They’re just jealous” was but a fortification, however; within it Ev- elyn’s spirit was still vulnerable, and she knew that under constant fire this strong- hold could not stand forever. Mayme Jack- son’s thrust-in-the-back culminated what Sookie’s sneer had begun. Evelyn felt her mother’s defence crumbling rapidly and alarmingly, and her appeal to Jay Martin was a rather desperate effort to establish a defence of her own. They sat now in the front room of her flat; a room too full of mock-mahogany fur- niture about to collapse; a room with gas light and a tacked-down carpet, with flower- figured wall-paper and a marble-topped wal- nut table in one corner, bearing a big brown morocco-bound Bible. “Jay, will you?” “Rememer the time I pulled your hair in Sunday-School?” “I’m going to pull your ears if you don’t answer me!” “Did you say something?” “You make me tired.” “Aw, for Pete’s sake, Ev, I can’t take you to that dump.” “Have the last two weeks frozen nerve?” “No—but “Well, this isn’t like the others, you know. This is a colored place.” your “But why go there? way’s or Happy’s.” “No. Why isn’t Hank’s decent, anyway? It can’t be any worse than the Hole in the Wall.” “Much worse. Regular gentleman would take a lady “You flatter us. Let’s don’t be a gentle- man and lady tonight. I want to see the rat-trap.” “Why, Ev, the place was raided only last week!” “You can’t scare me that way. it’ll be all the safer this week.” “Lord! You girls know it all.” “T don’t know anything about Hank’s. “But I’m trying to tell you-—” “Seeing is believing.” “There’s nothing to see.” She introduced strategy. “All right. I guess Mac won’t be so hard to persuade.” Let’s go to Broad- I want to see something new. rat-trap. No ” If it was ”

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OCTOBER, 1925 “Kv—please—for Pete’s sake don’t let anybody take you to that——” “Jay, I’'d really hate to have to go with anybody but you.” He was grewing help- less. “Just the tiniest peep into the place, Jay. We won’t stay—cross my liver.” “Your mother wouldn’t like it.” “Come here.” She led him by the arm down the long hallway to the dining-room, where her mother was sewing. “You may go any place you please, if you go with Jay,” smiled Mrs. Brown. Hank’s, at first glance, presented nothing ullque: a sedate old house in an elderly row vs’ houses with high entrances, several steps uvove the sidewalk; houses that had once been private, but now, trapped in an ex- tending matrix of business, stoically accept- ed their fates as real estate offices, printing shops and law rooms. Here and there a card peeped around the corner of a window and whispered, “Rooms”; but not the most suspicious eye would have associated those timid invitations with the bold vertical elec- tric sign projecting over the doorway of the one lighted building in the row. Great let- ters, one above another, blazed the word “Café”; smaller horizontal ones across the top read “Hank’s”, and others across the bottom “Cabaret”. “This doesn’t look so bad,’ commented Evelyn as they approached. “Police station right in the same block.” “Yes—convenient.” Several men stood about on the sidewalk, smoking and talking. One of these, a white man, looked sharply at Jay and Evelyn as they mounted the steps and entered. “Why, this is like any restaurant,” said Evelyn. “Just a lot of tables and folks eating.” “Only a blind,” explained Jay. thing is downstairs.” A dinner-coated attendant came toward them. “I’m sorry. Everything’s gone in the cabaret. Would you care to wait a few minutes?” “The real Jay, eager for an excuse to flee, looked at Evelyn; but the blue eyes said, “Please,” and he nodded. “Very well.” “This way, then.” They were led up a narrow flight of padded stairs, along a carpeted hallway with several mysterious closed doors on either side, and finally into a little room near the 285 end. Against one wall of the room was a table with two chairs, and against the oppo- site a flat couch with two or three cushions. Curtains draped the one window, facing the door. The table was bare except for a small lamp with a parchment shade of orange and black, yielding a warm, dim light. “M—m!” exclaimed Evelyn. “Cozy!” “We can serve you here if you like,” sug- gested the attendant. “No, thanks,” Jay “We'll wait.” The attendant seemed to hesitate a mo- ment. Then, “All right,” he said. “I’ll let you know as soon as there’s space in the cabaret.” He went out and closed the door. Evelyn was alive with interest. ‘Spiffy, isn’t it?” She sat down on one of the chairs and looked about. “Couldn’t get lost, could you?” Jay thoughtfully took the other chair. “You might,” he said absently. “What are you talking about? Goodness, what a lot of fun you’re having!” “T don’t like this, that’s a fact.” “What’s wrong?” Jay looked and noted that the door locked from within. He went over to the window, pulled the shade aside a crack, and made out the skeleton of a fire-escape in the darkness outside. “Oh, nothing’, he said, returning to his seat. “Not a thing.” “Heavens, you give me the What is it?” He was not eager to answer. “I’m not sure but—I believe—that bird thinks you’re ofay.” “White? make?” “Well, I’ll tell you, Ev. This place, like some you already know about, has a mixed patronage, see? Part jigs, part ofays. That’s perfectly all right as long as the jigs keep to their own parties and the ofays to theirs. But as soon as they begin to come mixed, trouble starts. The colored men don’t like to see white men with col- ored women and the white men don’t like to see colored men with white women. So the management avoids it. I don’t believe that house-man was telling the truth when he said there was no room in the cabaret. It’s too early in the evening and it’s not a busy night. Fact is, the place is probably half full of ofays, and he figured that if we answered quickly. shivers! What difference would that

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286 THE went down there together some drunk would get fly and I’d bounce him on the nose and right away there’d be a hullabaloo. So he took a chance that maybe we were more interested in each other than in the cabaret anyhow, and sidetracked us off up here.” “But he said he’d let us know—” “Of course. He thought we’d be tickled silly to be in one of these rooms alone; but after I refused to be served up here, what else could he say? I don’t think he has any more idea of coming back than Jack John- son.” “Then what does he expect you to do?” “Get tired waiting and beat it.” “Oh.” A depressed silence. Then a tragic diminuendo: “Lord, what a misfit I am!” He was contrite at once. “I’m a bum. I shouldn’t have told you. I don’t know— maybe I’m wrong. We’re here, so let’s wait awhile and see.” “Jay, if only I were one thing or the other! You can’t imagine—” He absolutely could not answer. From somewhere below a thin strain drifted to their ears, like a snicker: “Yaller Gal’s Gone Out o’ Style”. Jay rose. “Let’s breeze. coming back.” “All right. sance.” That shine isn’t I’m sorry to be such a nui- not the It’s—folks.” They went down the soft-carpeted hall- way. Strange, low sounds behind the closed “You’re nuisance. a a a A i CRISIS doors seemed to hush apprehensively as they approached and revive after they passed. Once a shrill laugh was abruptly cut off as if by a stifling hand. There was a thick atmosphere of suppression, a sense of unspoken fears and half-drawn breaths and whispers. As they reached the head of the padded stairs they saw someone hurrying up and drew aside to let him pass. It was a youth in a white coat, bent on some errand. He looked at them as he went by. They re- sumed their course and proceeded down the stairs; but the boy halted in his, and turned to look again. Immediately, he left off his errand, and waiting until he heard the front door close behind them, retraversed the staircase. A minute later he was on the sidewalk talking in an undertone to the white man who had so sharply observed Evelyn and Jay when they entered, and who now stood smoking still, following their departure with his eyes. “Ah know ’at sucker”, scowled the little black youth. ‘‘Collects rents f’ Hale an’ Barker. See ’at ’fay wid ’im? Seen ’im pick ’uh up pre’ near two weeks ago at Manhattan Casino.” The white man puffed a minute, while the boy looked up at him, side-long, expect- ant. “Hale and Barker, huh?—Hmph! All right, Shorty. I’ll keep my eye on ’im. If you’re on, I’ll fix y’ up as usual.” “*At’s the time papa.” And the boy too stood eyeing the disappearing pair, an imp of malice and satisfaction. (To be concluded in the November CrisIs) MISSOURI NEGRO INDUSTRIAL COMMISSION

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National - Association -for- the --- Advancement. SCIENCE, PSEUDO-SCIENCE AND THE RACE QUESTION An Address Delivered by Herbert Adolph- us Miller, Professor of Sociology, Ohio State University, Before the Six- teenth Annual Conference of the National Association for the Ad- vancement of Colored People, June, 1925 FINISHED reading Sinclair Lewis’ re- cent novel, Arrowsmith, just before going to bed. I had been much absorbed by the conflicting situation in which the hero, who was striving to be a real scientist, seemed, by that very fact, to be driven to be an abnormal human being. I woke up in the middle of the night after a vivid dream which ended with the idea that “there are some problems in the world that are insol- uble”. SCIENCE AND ART In respect to the issues of this paper I am impressed by the inevitability of a sim- ilar conclusion. Arrowsmith finds those who practice the art of medicine ridiculous, and the reader finds that those who are de- voted to the science of medicine are impos- sible, and a reconciliation between the two seems to be out of the question. However much science may be involved in the race question, nevertheless there is running through it the recurrent practical question of how men may live together, and the an- swer to that is given by art not by science. “East is East and West is West and never the twain shall meet” is a figure of speech apropos of the race question, but science and art are inherently unable to meet, and yet more and more art demands that science shall clarify its material and make possible short cuts to practical results. The world in which we now live is in a dilemma with respect to the race question. We must keep on living while our knowledge is limited, and sometimes the way to live is better understood by the simple than by th? scientific. It is well for us to remember the advice which Dr. Osler, the famous teacher in the Johns Hopkins Medical School, used to give to young doctors. He said that in their early rural practice they would some- -Colored:People. times find old women gathered around the patient with various curative preparations which they had made. The young doctor, tc show his scientific assurance, should throw all these herb teas out of the window, but first he should smell them, for it often might be that the very drugs needed for the case would have been selected by the folk experience of these simple old women. In the same way scientists in dealing with the race question may well learn from children and plain people who know folks rather than races, and who do not know that their relations are complicated prob- lems. SCIENCE AND RACE Nevertheless the race question has as- sumed such stupendous proportions in the world at large, and attitudes have become so stereotyped, that science must be called in to separate fact from delusion. This is not an easy task in a field that comprehends the whole range of human relations, and it makes for confusion turning science into pseudo-science. It is often forgotten that each science ar- tificially limits the field of its attention, so that science can never be substituted for reality which has no such limitations, but the scientist is always tending to overlook the fact that the scope of his interests are narrow, and that his view of the universe is necessarily partial and distorted by his emphasis. As I understand the theory of relativity it is based on the principle that the most objective of facts are relative to the observer of them. This being the case, the effort to explain the universe from a single point of view which is called partic- ularism is very misleading. Another popular tendency is to transfer emotional adherence from religion to sci- ence, and then to become as orthodox and dogmatic as the most fundamentalist of re- ligions. The scientist may be both bigoted and intolerant. There is this difference from religion, however, that the scientific method prevents staying long at one place, so that while scientists may be petty and 287

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288 THE narrow their total ultimate result is enlarg- ing and constructive. The physical sciences have been surer of their ground than the social sciences, which are now making vigorous demands for con- sideration in dealing with the race question. The social sciences which at first were largely dealing with social practice are now classifying and describing as abstractly and unemotionally as the physical sciences. They are striving to give up the use of exhortation which is an idea of practical life and concern themselves with discovering the laws of the processes. We shall now consider some of the partic- ular contributions and false leads of science as it now stands with regard to the race question. BIOLOGY AND RACE Since human beings are animals the bio- logical sciences have assumed the most re- sponsibility in dealing with matters of race. They have done this the more naturally be- cause of the relation to evolution which seeks to place man in his proper relation in the universe. Its basis is found in the laws of heredity which throw a flood of light on what previously had supernatural ex- planation. But the trouble is that these laws of heredity which throw a flood of I:ght organisms whose counterparts in the human organism were evolved long before any of the present racial differentiation took place, so that, while they throw much light on heredity, it is pseudo-scientific to apply them to racial explanations. Thus the expert on the coloration of bugs who applies his prin- ciples to explaining the inferiority of Jap- anese whom he does not like is a pseudo- scientist. From the time of Herbert Spencer until the present there has been a tendency to make social and biological evolution paral- lel, concluding that a low culture means a low stage of biological development. This is one of the most simple and enticing forms of pseudo-science. There is unquestionably .a relation between capacity and develop- ment, but it is not a parallel relation. Then there are those who take the Mendelian laws of heredity and assume for them much more than can be demonstrated concerning racial heredity. Lothrop Stoddard heads the list of both of these types of pseudo-scientists. The simplicity of the biological argument CRISIS gives it great strength and helps promote the myth that whatever is at any moment is ordained by the laws of nature. The prin- ciple of evolution is well established, but its processes and laws are still largely to be formulated. They, as all the other fields of science, are still shrouded by what William James used to call encyclopedic ignorance. As Bertrand Russell says in the Lost Na- tion, “The final conclusion is that we know very little’. PSYCHOLOGY AND RACE Closely related to the biological sciences in dealing with the race question is psychol- ogy. In the last decade psychology has achieved an immense importance. It now talks as though it were grown up while it is still only a very vigorous adolescent. There is probably no field of research which prom- ises so much for society as psychology, but it must constantly be remembered that the psychologists, who have made one jump from their alliance with metaphysics to their present one with natural sciences, are often bitterly at war with one another, and their several dogmatisms are as uncompromising as those of primitive Christian sects. The new psychology, however, in three of its aspects is very active with the race question. Behaviorism which explains as habit what was formerly considered instinc- tive, and therefore hereditary, accounts for apparently fixed natural differences between people which is revolutionary as compared to the ideas of a few years ago. Race characteristics may be explained as ac- quired modes of behavior rather than as in- herent tendencies, and while the psychol- ogists are constantly falling into inconsis- tencies in their use of heredity, there is much value in their method. “INTELLIGENCE” TESTS The intelligence testing aspect of psychol- ogy is one of the places in which it is most misleading. It was first thought that its conclusions were immediately correlated with inherent capacity, but now its claims are not so insistent, and it is admitting that intelligence tests merely test what they test. The army test showed at the moment those who might be best prepared for training as officers. But a large number of the testers and a larger number of the general public still think that in a few minutes’ observation

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OCTOBER, 1925 it is possible to say exactly where an indi- vidual or a race belongs.in the human scale. This has become a most popular form of pseudo-science. 7 Another psychological field of great im- portance is psychoanalysis. This finds that individuals have attitudes that are out of focus, but which determine abnormal con- duct. I have treated this at length else- where as closely related to the race prob- lem. What one called race characteristics may be merely complexes created by the re- lations of races. Both race prejudice and race solidarity can be adequately explained only through some such principle, and since the attitudes which races have towards themselves and toward one another are at the very center of the race question, this is a most important approach to the question, but it is a field full of quacks and char- latans. The promise of psychology is incalculable, but it is younger than biology and it deals with a_ subject—human _ consciousness— which is infinitely complex, so that its ulti- mate value will be very different from its present value. THE SOCIAL SCIENCES When we turn to the social sciences, namely, anthropology, history, political sci- ence, economics, statistics, sociology and eth- ics, we find less clear scientific methods. While the social processes go on the social sciences try to separate the fundamental and essential from the temporary and ca- pricious. ANTHROPOLOGY AND RACE Anthropology is a sort of bridge between the natural and social sciences, but never- theless interpreting its material from an un- derstanding of the human mind. It studies the natural history of cultural development without trying to justify any social system. It uses anatomical and biological data, and the reactions of man to his environment in an objective way. On the whole its approach to the race question seems to give a sounder background than that of any other ap- proach. But since a large proportion of the race questions involves other factors than those dealt with by anthropology it also is partial. HISTORY AND RACE Since no present social fact can be un- derstood except in relation to its historical development, history is a most important in- strument with which to attack the race question, but unfortunately, history is prob- ably the most untrustworthy of the social sciences. It is exceedingly difficult to tell whether a historical sequence is causal or chronological. In other words, the his- torians themselves have much disagreement as to the important and the unimportant, but the tendency of history to be biased is now being more and more demonstrated. Our national histories are written decidedly from a nationalistic point of view, and per- version of history in the schools of the world to make it the hand-maiden of patriot- ism is full of evil portent. But worse than that is the fact that history is always writ- ten by the victors of the struggle so that the story of the dominated is always lacking from the whole picture. POLITICS AND RACE Political science has been less concerned with the science of the race question than with political practice with regard to it. But there is no field in which it is of more pressing importance. The political organi- zation of the world is in more danger of being wrecked by the race question than by anything else, and, so far as I know, the po- litical scientists have not generally made their voices heard, even if they -have any- thing to say, except in a platitudinous man- ner about race problems. But the question of racial conflict added to that of national conflict is likely to result in the lining up of peoples in new ways, and is already offering problems in Asia which worry both Great Britain and the United States. We have a great deal of legislation in the United States on race matters which is the worst sort of blundering. Rumor said that five hundred Japanese were coming to Ohio this annum to work some land which no one else has been able to make pay. As soon as their advanced agents arrived, the whole state had a near panic, and an emotional meeting was held in Columbus to pave the way for legislation two years hence. I begged for the privilege of attending this meeting, but they feared I would be a dis- cordant element and would not let me in.

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290 THE ECONOMICS AND RACE Economics is one of the worst scientific offenders in its particularism. Economic determinism and the economic interpreta- tion of history assume that the economic urge is the only one. It is simply an easy way to explain the infinitely complicated; and still, like the biological facts, the eco- nomic facts are very pervasive, but they likewise are often very much confused. Much economic thinking, even in the most scientific isolation, is for the purpose of establishing a desired economic principle. There are some signs that the economists are becoming more disinterested in results and more interested in processes, but one must always be on guard concerning eco- nomic conclusions, and yet the race ques- tion is intimately involved in economic situ- ations. The Chinese-Japanese question on the Pacific coast has profound economic bearings, but it is pseudo-reasoning to say that it is only an economic question. In general race is used to throw dust in the eyes of the public by those who wish to se- cure selfish political or economic results. Statistics seek results by counting. While it is true that “figures do not lie” it is also true that “there are lies, damned lies, and statistics’. The mass of social phenomena is so great that it is impossible to compre- hend it without counting and grouping. But in the vast variety of human concerns there are possibilities of counting many un- important things and of mixing the impor- tant with the unimportant, and then draw- ing misleading conclusions. Thus racial groupings for intelligence tests will give a very different result in different cultural areas, e. g. northern and southern Negroes. And just as in economics, statistics are often used to prove something. At the same time when the right things to count are found, figures won’t lie, and racial facts will stand up to be counted without fear or favor, and probably some very unexpected results will be discovered. SOCIOLOGY AND RACE And now we come to sociology, the young- est of the social sciences, the most compre- hensive, the most naive, and the most un- certain as a science but the most assured in the minds of many of its followers. It goes out in many directions, some of them bearing little relation to science, but it CRISIS seems to have appropriated one concept as peculiarly its own—that is the group. Under this head a race falls, and when it has been observed merely as a group, without being thought of as a race, it may appear, in fact it already is beginning to appear, that much that was attributed to race is only peculiar to the organization of a group. However, the factors involved in a group are numer- ous, and the sociologist is obliged to draw on all of the other sciences, both natural and social, for his assistance. It is inevitable that many of his results will be very thin, and tentative, and there will be wide differ- ences of opinion among sociologists. ETHICS AND RACE Only recently has ethics begun to emerge from a subjective to an objective considera- tion of human conduct. It is the most frankly near the field of the art rather than of the science of living, and it tends to be- come dogmatic in its insistence on its spe- cial values. Nevertheless the introduction of ethical values may correct scientific values, and in them the synthesis of the conflict may be found. I think that nothing has been more wisely said than what was said by the eminent scientist Thomas Hux- ley a generation ago, and it applies pecu- liarly to the present relation of science to the race question: “There is another fallacy which appears to me to pervade the so-called ‘ethics of evolution’. It is the notion that because on the whole animals and plants have advanced in the perfection of organi- zation by means of the struggle for exis- tence and the consequent ‘survival of the fittest’, therefore men in society, men as ethical beings, must look to the same pro- cess to help them towards perfection. . . Social progress means the checking of the cosmic process at every step and the sub- stitution for it of another, which may be called the ethical process.” PSEUDO-SCIENCE What I have been driving at is that all science in relation to the race question may at times fall into pseudo-science. This, as we have seen, is due to the fact that every science deals with an artificially limited portion of the universe which the scientist through constant association comes to think to be the center of the universe. There is also the appropriation of the scientific jar- gon by the totally unscientific who ration-

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OCTOBER, 1925 alize their prejudices and think that God intended it so because they can say it in scientific terms. WHAT IS A “RACE”? But finally the-unbiased scientific conclu- sions seem now to be pointing to the fact that race itself is pseudo. A race-is an ar- tificial division of the human race for the purposes of classification just as science itself is artificially divided. Race lines ap- parently might just as well have been drawn in some other way, such as liability to ( The Paris Figaro reports “an unprece- dented success” in the Kursaal of Ostend, the celebrated Belgian summer resort, when the musical director, F. Rasse, gave a per- fect rendition of a popular Negro rhapsodie, “Charlestonia”. “The author, M. Edmund T. Jenkins, Negro, and- Associate of the Royal Academy of Music of London, took part in the rendition and was the recipient 291 measles, fondness for sour milk, or stature, all below 5 feet 6 might belong to the brochic race and those above to the megalic. If all the red-headed people were classed as a race, all the racial phenomena could be found in them. Finally, then, the key to the race ques- tion is either complete naiveness as to sci- ence in which people simply live together as human beings, or such a complete under- standing of science that the same result can be obtained; anything between has shown itself to be pseudo-science. of great popular appreciation.” @ Marian Anderson, the colored contralto appeared with the Philharmonic orchestra in the New York City College stadium be- fore an audience of 75,000. She had been chosen for this honor from among 300 com- peting singers. Her program included a number by Donizetti, Burleigh’s “Deep River” and “Heaven”, and J. Rosamond THE KURSAAL AT OSTEND

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ANDERSON MARIAN Johnson’s “Song of* the Heart”. The re- viewer on the New York Times spoke of Miss Anderson as being “endowed by nature with a voice of unusual compass, color and dramatic capacity”. @ Wilberforce’s youngest trustee is also a woman, the first ever to hold that honor. She is Miss Helen C. Walker of Cincinnati, daughter of the Rev. J. Franklin Walker, She is a teacher in the Douglass School aad received three years ago the degree of Bachelor of Arts at the University of Cin- cinnati. C Lillian Evanti, wife of Roy W. Tibbs and daughter of the late W. Bruce Evans HELEN C. WALKER CRISIS of Washington, D. C., has been singing abroad in Grand Opera. She made her debut at Nice last March in the French opera, “Lakme”. She was supported by Jean Marny and M. Baldons of the Paris Opera. Most of her training has been ac- quired in Paris under Madame Ritter- Ciampi with special lessons in acting from M. Gaston Dupins. Mme. Evanti’s singing was in French. She has also given two MRS. LILLIAN EVANS TIBBS concerts in the salon of Mme. Joseph Sal- mon with the wonderful violinist, the Mar- quise de Casa Fuerte. The musical circles in Paris have generally accepted Mme. Evanti and she has given radio concerts with Madeline de Valmalette, the best woman pianist in Paris. The gifted singer will continue her engagements at Monte Carlo and Nice next winter but before then

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dpatte enetetie, yoy . Nathaniel King Laing hartoum, Sudan, Africa Ambrose and Vivian Smith : Aaron and Tella Cole Chicago, Ill. Haveqe snd Mertens, Davis Louisville, Ky Plainville, N. Br. Olga Andersen Clade Dalton Smith St. Pgul, Minn. Gary, Ind. The Warren Babies Jessie and Christabel Hamilton Tampa, Fla. Khartoum, Sudan, Africa

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THE CRISIS Pia R. Taylor Crawford Purnell she will visit the United States to fill a limited number of engagements. @ The Carpenter Street School of South Woodbury, New Jersey, had three valedic- torians this year and this is how it came about. Blanche P. Fisher, aged 12, Isabel L. Harris of the same age and Richard Tay- lor, aged 11, all completed their courses in grammar school with the same average. Blanche is studious and a great lover of books, Isabel received a prize of $5 and a certificate of merit for having the rare record of being neither absent nor tardy during her whole school career, and Rich- ard, who for all his ability is the class baby, was also an honor roll pupil. Clement Miller, Louise Collins, and Crawford Pur- nell are all grammar school graduates of Troy, N. Y. Crawford passed the highest in the Regents Geography examination of any child in the state. He is twelve. Louise was valedictorian of the 8th grade. @ Jessie Zackery and Marguerite Avery won the operatic contest in New York City among 24 colored singers. They will be given a year’s free operatic training by Mr. Ferrari-Fontana. The contest was con- Grace L. Burroughs ist Prize Winner Toledo, Ohio Sophia Lucille Hurt ist Prize Winner St. Louis, Mo. Louise Collins Blanche Fisher Clement Miller ducted by the Amsterdam News (New York City) under the personal direction of the editor, William Kelley. @ The 30th annual session of the National Medical Association has been held in Chi- cago with 2,000 members and visitors. Dr. M. O. Dumas of Washington, D. C., was elected president. The Ancient Egyptian Arabic Order, Members of the Mystic Shrine, the inter- national colored Shriners organization, heid the opening exercises of its 26th annual session at the Northeast Junior High School in Kansas City, Kansas. Addresses of wel- come were made by Governor Ben S. Paulen, Mayor Gordon, Professor J. P. King, prin- cipal of the High School, the Rt. Rev. W. T. Vernon and Dr. J. G. Soanes, Grand Master for Kansas. @ The largest parade of Negroes in the history of Richmond occurred at the con- vention of the Elks in that city when 20,000 uniformed Negro Elks marched through the streets. Every state and sev- eral foreign countries were represented. C Little Esther Francis Hill of Maryland flagged a Baltimore and Ohio passenger Isabel Harris Charles A. Tignor, Jr. ist Prize Winner Washington, D. C. Roscoe C.*Hayden, Jr. ist Prize Winner Kansas: City, Mo.

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Clarence M. Peck Baltimore, Md. Master Gilbert Baltimore, Md. Robert Singleton New Britain, Conn. Roselvryn Lampkin Savannah, Georgia Mildred Winston Gwyendolyn Hayward Baltimore, Md. Baltimore, Md. Gibbons School Baby C. L. Pindahughs, Jr. Baltimore, Md. Baltimore, Md. Tyler Herron Mitchell Perara eru, Ind. Newark, N. J. Evelyn Williamson Wineto Ockbeet Pasadena, Calif. Khartoum, Sudan, Africa 295 Prucello Wagner Baltimore, Md. Doris E. Howard Baltimore, Md. Robert Watts, Jr. St. Louis, Mo. Garland Murray Columbus, Ohio

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THE CRISIS DONNA MARIE WASHINGTON First Prize Winner, Beatrice, Nebr. train to warn the engineer that a tree was across the track. The great company strained its finances by awarding the little girl one hundred dollars as a token of ap- preciation of the management for her ac- tion. The train engineer gave it as his opinion that the child undoubtedly prevent- ed a wreck. (@ Among the 105 students from 32 states who attended the summer session of the National Training School of the New York Y. W. C. A. were 7 young colored women. They were as follows: Anna Arnold, of Springfield, Ohio; Josie Patley, Williams- burg, Pa.; Aurelia Williams, Charlotte, N. C.; DeAroma McCrorey, Charlotte, N. C.; Eleanor Coleman, Germantown, Pa.; Fran- ces Waugh, Columbus, Ohio; and Bernice Copeland, Indianapolis, Indiana. @ The Catholic Church has lost a great worker through the death of Monsignor John Edward Burke who has labored among Negroes for forty of the forty-five years of his priesthood. For the last 18 years he was director-general of the Cath- olic Board for Mission Work among Col- ored People. In 1885 he established the church of St. Benedict the Moor in West 53rd Street, New York, and the next year founded the St. Benedict Home for desti- tute Negro children at Rye, New York. @ Amelia M. Steward, a colored maid, was bequeathed the greater part of the fifty thousand dollar fortune of her late mis- tress, Miss Woodard, of Trenton, N. J. Rela- tives protested the will but Vice-Chancellor Meade of Trenton declared that the will is valid and the bequest must stand. @ The Interstate Commerce Commission has ruled that “shut out” contracts by rail- roads are illegal. This ruling followed an effort made by the Erie road to give a “shut out” contract to the Ringling- Barnum-Bailey outfit. The point came up because a southern road had refused to move the Pat Chappelle load on the ground that Chappelle was a Negro. The decision rendered was “the carrier may not distinguish between private cars owned by Negroes and those owned by whites”. @ The new legislative council of Sierva Leone, British’ West Africa, consists of twenty-five members including the gover- nor. Of these nine are colored; sixteen are white officials and three are Paramount Chiefs. J. LENNIE SMITH 2nd Prize Winner, Newport News, Va.

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OCTOBER, 1925 CHARLES H. WESLEY, PH.D. @ Charles H. Wesley, head of the Depart- ment of History at Howard University, re- ceived the degree of Doctor of Philosophy from Harvard University in June, after receiving some years ago the degree of Master of Arts from Yale and a degree of Pachelor of Arts from Fisk. Dr. Wesley has also studied at the Guilde Internation- ale in Paris. During his undergraduate days he traveled with the Fisk Singers. He has filled every position on the staff of in- struction in history at Howard, having been instructor in the teaching of history and modern languages, assistant professor of history, associate professor of history, pro- fessor of history and head of the depart- ment. Dr. Wesley also holds the degree of Bachelor of Divinity and has served as pas- tor of Ebenezer and Campbell A. M. E. Churches in Washington, D. C., and Secre- tary for Overseas Work of the International Committee of the Y. M. C. A. @ The American branch of the Fellowship of Reconciliation has sent Rev. Clarence Neff of Foochow, China, as ambassador of friendship to the people of the Philippine Islands. The reason for this undertaking has grown out of the nature of the Fellow- ship of Reconciliation which believes in the oneness of the human family. @ The Howard University students with the Reserve Officers Training Corps at 297 Camp Meade, Maryland, made remarkable ratings for efficiency and conduct. For a given two weeks Howard students led the rating with an average of 95 6/10 per cent and 95 2/10 per cent respectively excelling 14 other units in camp. @ The first anniversary celebration of the Nigerian Progress Union has been held at London University, London. Special ad- dresses were made by Professor J. S. G. de Montmorency, Otto During of Sierra Leone, who spoke on the need for compul- sory education in West Africa, and Dr. Bankole-Bright whose subject was “Unity and Co-operation between all West African Youths”. Harold Jackman of New York attended these meetings. @ 150 colored farmers attended the first Farmers Conference at Gibbons Institute, a colored Catholic institution in Maryland. @ The Independent Order of St. Luke, of which Mrs. Maggie L. Walker is executive head, held its 58th annual and 4th biennial convention in New York City. They were welcomed by Mayor Hylan and reported assets of over two million dollars. Mrs. | JAY GARLAND McRAE First Prize Winner, Baltimore, Maryland

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THE HONORABLE EDWIN W. BARCLAY Secretary of State of the Republic of Liberia CRISIS Sarah Clarke of New York City was elected R. W. Grand Chief; Mrs. Maggie L. Walker, R. W. Grand Secretary-Treasurer and Rey. W. H. Sims, R. W. Grand Chaplain. @ The Supreme Lodge of the Knights of Pythias met in Louisville, Kentucky, with 15,000 visitors. Their headquarters were in the Pythian Temple for which the Ne- groes have recently refused an offer of $350,000. The mayor of the city wel- comed them and Supreme Chancellor S. W. Green reported 294,222 members and total resources of eight million dollars. The parade, led by General R. R. Jackson of Chicago, “gave Louisville something to see and something to talk about”, as the morn- ing paper reported. The Pythians are building in Chicago a temple which is planned to be the finest office building owned by American Negroes. They hope to have it finished in 1927. @ DeHart Hubbard, the world’s greatest broad jumper, was invited to be a starter in the series of three sprint races at the International Knight Track Meet directed by the New York chapter of the Knights of Columbus at the Yankee Stadium. De- Hart is the only jumper who has ever cleared twenty-five feet more than once. He established this year a new world rec- crd for the broad jump of 25 feet 10% inches. Steve Farrell, Michigan Track coach, says that Hubbard is also the fastest man in the. world today at 50 yards. @ The Associated Fisk Clubs have met in Chicago with 130 graduates of Fisk Uni- versity present and clubs in all sections rep- resented. A permanent organization was formed and Henry Hugh Proctor elected president.. Miss Sophie Boaz was made travelling secretary to raise funds. The university has opened with overflowing num- bers. The fight for a new Fisk is thus abundantly justified. @ The oldest Negro normal school in America is situated in Fayetteville, N. C. This institution occupies a campus of 50 acres on which are 10 buildings. It was established in 1877 and at that time con- sisted of three rooms in an old school build- ing at Gillespie Street with a principal, two assistants and an annual appropriation of $2,000. Last year its enrollment was 616 pupils, Its principal is E. E. Smith, who has served in that capacity for some 40 years. .

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cted lker hus OCTOBER, 1925 AL; epee a £9 oo te & = > ( William G. Butler, Grand Master of the Pennsylvania Negro Masons, is dead as the result of injuries sustained in an automo- bile accident. He was 66 years old. ( The Honorable E. W. Barclay, Secretary Blanche, Elizabeth, Frederic and James Clayton, New York . of State of Liberia, is now in the United States and is understood to be negotiating a loan for his government from private bankers. Sd KHARTOUM, SUDAN, AFRICA Standing L to R: Saloma, Ethiopia, Yohannes Sitting: Esther, Ababa, Mallis, Sihion Front Row: Wahba, Waheba

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Zhe Looking Glass LITERATURE It is not right To call men white Who virtue lack; For it is sin, And not the skin, That makes men black. Not by the cut of his hair, Not by his clan or birth, Shall the Brahman claim the name, But only by moral worth. —From the Buddhist Dhammopada, translated by E. Washburn Hopkins in his “Ethics of India”. * * * Countée Cullen, winner of the first poetry prize in THE CrisIs literary contest, is is- suing his first book this fall, “Color” (Har- per’s). Brahman’s ‘2 & By a happy coincidence his fellow-poet and contemporary, Langston Hughes, brings out his first book, “The Weary Blues” (Knopf) in January. THE CRISIS wishes the best of luck to both these young toil- ers up the slope of Parnassus. K * ok The critic Carl Van Vechten writes in Vanity Fair: The work of Langston Hughes is in- formed with a sensitivity and a nostalgia, racial in origin, for beauty, color and warmth. His subjects are extraordinarily diversified. A lyric simplicity marks his sea pieces; his cabaret verses dance to the rhythm of Negro jazz; now he mourns for the hurt of the black man; again he cele- brates the splendor of the women of Mexico or the savage beauty of the natives of the African coast. Although still a very young man, Lang- ston Hughes has crowded more adventure into his life than most of us will experience. Born February 1, 1902, in Joplin, Mo., he has lived in Mexico, Topeka, Kansas, Col- orado Springs, Charlestown, Indiana, Lin- coln, Illinois, Cleveland, Ohio, New York City, Staten Island, Pittsburgh, the West Coast of Africa, Holland, Paris, Desen- zano, on Lago di Garda, Verona, Venice, and Genoa. His occupations have been as various as his peregrinations. He has acted as paper boy, hotel porter, soda-fountain boy, waiter, cook, errand boy at a florist’s, sailor, farmhand, advertising solicitor, pan- try-man in an oyster house, book agent and even as a beach-comber! And speaking of Negro literature let us quote an editorial in the New York World on a “Negro Literary Renaissance”: Seven hundred Negro writers and artists competed for the Amy Spingarn prizes, awarded at a Harlem meeting under the auspices of THE Crisis. It was not the only occasion in recent months where emi- nent white authors have joined in prais- ing the fruits of the new Negro literary movement. Older writers, like Stanley Braithwaite in criticism, Du Bois in the essay, James Weldon Johnson in poetry, rose to distinction slowly and singly. But since 1920 there has come forward a group remarkable for its vigor, originality and racial flavor. In fiction it includes Jessie Fauset and Walter White, whose novels, “There Is Confusion” and “The Fire in the Flint”, are able studies of race problems. In the short story it has produced Jean Toomer. It counts such poets as Claude McKay, the Jamaica-born author of “Har- lem Shadows”, and two of the Spingarn prize-winners, Countée Cullen and Lang- «ton Hughes. These and others are gain- ing the Negro a recognized place in con- temporary letters. In this literary movement New York may feel a special pride. We have 175,000 col- ored residents packed into the Harlem dis- trict, or 100,000 more than in any South- ern centre. Here a people whose Ameri- can history till a generation ago was ex- clusively rural have been given the stimu- lation and cultural advantages of the me- tropolis. They have now a number of their own intellectual, social and financial lead- ers to guide them. The response to the new environment is already striking, and promises to affect the Negro all over the United States. Other arts—music with Burleigh, Roland Hayes and Nathaniel Dett; the stage with Paul Robeson—have welcomed Negroes, but perhaps naturally they find their fullest voice in literature. * * * THE HAPLESS VIRGIN ISLANDS [ err G. M. Malmin, for six years Fed- eral judge in the Virgin Islands, brings serious charges in the Syracuse Journal (N. Y.) against the U. S. Navy’s deport- ment in these possessions. He declares: 1. In five years the islands will be de- populated because of misrule and bad eco- nomic conditions. 300

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OCTOBER, 1925 2. In eight years the islands have had six naval officers as governors, five of whom have been recalled because of gross mis- management of affairs. 3. A naval governor ordered him to ren- der a certain decision from the bench with- out hearing the evidence, and ejected him from his court when he refused to do it. 4. Congress has broken faith with the natives by failing to provide a civil gov- ernment instead of a naval rule, inaugu- rated as a temporary measure. 5. A native editor was jailed for criti- cizing the naval rule. * * & The famous misrule of American Marines in Haiti is continued in these islands: “The islands are regarded as occupied territory by the naval administrators. They conduct themselves as conquerors, not as guardians. “The natives have no country. They gave up their Danish citizenship and have been given no other. They cannot get passports to leave their native soil for forzign coun- tries, and, if they go to New York or to Porto Rico, as 10,000 of them have done, they have no rights of citizenship.” As typical of alleged naval mismanage- ment, Judge Malmin cites two incidents that occurred under the administration of the late Governor Williams: “Several months ago”, he says, “Rothchild Francis, editor of The Emancipator, pub- lished at St. Thomas, the capital of the islands, criticized editorially the conduct of a certain police official. He was arrested, fined, and given 30 days in jail by Judge George Washington Williams of Baltimore, my successor. “Rothschild appealed. Commenting on the appeal in his paper, he was again ar- rested and given the same sentence. “The other instance led to the recall of Governor Wiliams. The local assembly of the island had been dominated by the gov- ernors. When it finally revolted and re- fused to confirm two of Governor Williams’ appointments, the governor dispersed it.” * * * Economic conditions are poor and the islands are gradually becoming depopu- lated: “St. Thomas formerly was a great coal- ing station, but more and more ships are using oil burning engines”, he says. “The rum made at St. Croix was world famous, but prohibition has killed that in- dustry. Sugar brings only two cents a pound in the islands now, and this means wages of 20 cents a day for the natives. “The population of the islands was 25,- 000, but it is fast diminishing. Most of the natives are Negroes, but they are literate and intelligent, having been educated by the Danish.” HAITI MOURNS HE great Haitian patriot, Georges Sylvain, is dead. Perhaps nothing in- M. GEORGES SYLVAIN dicates more beautifully the fine culture of the upper class of Haitians than the formal funeral notice sent out by the family. We reprint it without translation. Madame Georges SYLVAIN, Monsieur le docteur Normil SYLVAIN, Mademoiselle Suzanne SYLVAIN, Monsieur Henri SYL- VAIN, Mademoiselle Madeleine SYLVAIN, Mademciselle Jeanne SYLVAIN, Mademoi- selle Yvonne SYLVAIN, Monsieur Pierre SYLVAIN, Madame Eugéne MAL- BRANCHE, les familles SYLVAIN, HEN- RIQUEZ, ST. AUDE, LAMOTHE, MALE- BRANCHE, tous les autres parents et alliés ont la douleur de vous faire part de la inort de leur épou, pére, gendre, parent et allié, Joseph Marie Arthur Georges Sylvain, Ancien chef de division au Départment de VInstruction Publique, Ancien juge au Tribunal de Cassation, Ancien Ministre d’Haiti a Paris et pres du Saint Siege, Ancien Secrétaire général de la Société de / Législation, Ancien Délégué de l’Alliance Francaise, Membre de l'Institut International de Sociologie, Officier de Instruction Publique, Officier de la Légion d’Honneur, Président du Sénat, Administrateur Délégué de Union Patriotique, survenue le Dimanche 2 Aodt 1925, muni des Sacrements de |]’Eglise. Des funérailles nationales lui ont été offertes par la reconnaissance populaire, le mardi 4 aoit courant. PRIEZ POUR LUI! Port-au-Prince, le 13 aofit 1925.

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302 WANTED—A NEW CONSTITU- TION HE Richmond, Va., News-Leader com- ments on the price which Virginia is paying for a constitution discriminating against the colored voter: As sectionalism declines and political dis- sent increases, Virginia will be able to rid herself of a constitution that was drawn by men determined to eliminate the Negro voter, distrustful of legislatures and, for the rest, convinced that political wisdom would die with them. The constitution of 1902 reflects the fears of 1867, and was enacted to prevent conditions which were proved to be past by the very fact that the state voted to have new organic law. In- stead of this sunset constitution, Virginia needs a sunrise document, written by men who are not afraid of the day. Instead of tying every member of the body politic, the constitution should loose the political Lazarus and let him go. Think of a con- stitution in which the section on corpora- tions is far longer than the whole of the great document, including the bill of rights, drawn up by George Mason in 1776... At a time when Virginia demands more of her public servants than Mason and his col- leagues ever dreamed that government would be called upon to do, the constitution gives far less latitude than was allowed even by men whom experience had made distrustful of rulers. It is an anomaly so absurd and so burdensome to Virginia that the revision of the constitution should not be delayed. As soon as there is assurance that the people will elect a convention that is not under the thraldom of the past, Vir- ginia should have a new constitution. And the cornerstone of it should be electoral re- quirements that will facilitate rather than handicap the expression of the public will. Every man who is not afraid of bringing the Valkyries of politics down upon him, for what they deem treason to the white race, will admit in all frankness that Vir- ginia is paying far too heavy a price for the disfranchisement of the Negro. In order to rid herself of the colored man in politics, she has put about the ballot so many re- quirements that she is ruled by a tiny frac- tion of her people. The recent primary was proclaimed a great achievement, because a vote of some 175,000 was polled. Yet it re- mains a fact that the nomination, which means election as governor, was won with a poll of 107,000—something less than 5 per cent of the population of the common- wealth! * * * MARTYRS VEN the Chicago Tribune, of unsavory reputation, has a word of grief for the dead Negro soldiers of Illinois: THE CRISIS Captain Browning and the seven men of the Eighth Infantry, I. N. G., killed by the explosion at Camp Grant, died for thei: country. Let us honor these soldiers who are dead or wounded in a patriotic service which involves not merely danger even in peace, but effort and sacrifice of time. The citizen soldiers of the guard and of the reserve are doing a duty which in fact be- longs to all citizens of military age. Under the inequitable and inadequate system of voluntary service most of us are able to shirk the duty and never think we are shirk- ing. Under a really democratic system of universal compulsory training every Amer- ican citizen would be required to give in his youth some time to fit himself to defend his country, but we rely upon the volunteer, the exceptional citizen who for patriotic motive or military taste, or both, will give time and effort in soldierly preparation. Their service should be especially appreci- ated because it is voluntary and one which the rest of us owe as much as they. All honor then to Captain Browning and the men, dead or wounded, who were strick- en in the service of the nation. * * * CHRISTIANITY, CULTURE, PEACE AND COMPANY AUL HUTCHINSON, writing in the Nation, gives some delicious side lights on the Institute of Pacific Relations recenily held in Honolulu. He quotes the Chinaman, Chen, a Y. M. C. A. secretary: 2 I quite understand that you do not inten. to give up your unjust privileges in China if you can help it. After you have insisted that we treat you as demi-gods for almost a century, you do not like to be asked to step down on the plane of ordinary mortals. But let me tell you this: those unequal treaties have got to go! Turkey got rid of her capitulations. China has seen how she did it. China knows now how to obtain at- tention from the other nations. The Shang- hai riots were only the first. whisper of what is to come. The day of the foreign demi god in my country is over. He notes the usual explanation of the “high moral principle’ which keeps white and colored people from social contact and quotes the words of a Japanese liberal: The more I study the international situ- ation in the Pacific the clearer becomes my vision that America is par excellence THE problem before the peopies of this great ocean. On any of the problems in which these Pacific nations are vitally interested— whether economic or financial, political or spiritual—the discussions at our round tables have shown that sooner or later we strike the ground rock of American view- points and American policies. Our further progress in-our efforts for satisfactory solu- tions of these problems, therefore, depends altogether upon America.

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THE CRISIS ADVERTISER The North Carolina College for Negroes | FORMERLY The Durham State Normal School WILL OPEN ITS FALL SESSION SEPTEMBER 15, 1925 As our courses are soon to be limited to work of College Grade, the school beginning September 15, 1925, will offer only the third and fourth years of high school work and Senior Normal work. THE FOLLOWING COURSES WILL BE OFFERED: 1, THE LIBERAL ARTS COURSE Leading to the A. B. Degree and offering sufficient work in Secondary Education to enable students to secure High School Teachers’ Certificates, Class A, and High hool Principals’ Cer- tificates at the completion of the course. 2. THE SCIENTIFIC COURSE Leading to the B. S. Degree. 3. THE PRE-MEDICAL COURSE _ A two-year pre-medical course preparing students for entrance into medical colleges, will be given, 4. SPECIAL COURSES IN COMMERCE AND MUSIC The faculty will consist of men and women from the best Colleges and Uni- versities in the country and will meet the requirements of the North Carolina College Conference. For Catalog and further information address: THE NORTH CAROLINA COLLEGE FOR NEGROES James E. Shepard, President Durhan, N. C. "ATLANTA SCHOOL OF SOCIAL WORK Incorporated Prepares Its Students for Professional Social Work Courses in Social Case Work Community Health Work — Human Behavior and Its Disorders Social Research Supervised Field Work with Social Agencies A Staff of Experts Certificates Granted Graduates of the School are in Demand Several Scholarships Available For further information address the Director, E. FRANKLIN FRAZIER, A.M. 36 Chestnut Street Atlanta, Georgia Mention THe Crisis

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THE CRISIS ADVERTISER Hampton Institute Hampton, Virginia Hampton is an industrial village: 1,000 acres, 149 buildings; 928 boarding students, including 197 college students; 330 day pupils in practice-school; 1,017 summer-school stu- dents; 250 teachers and other workers. Hampton has over 2,622 graduates and more than 8,800 former students; also numer- ous outgrowths, including Tuskegee, founded by Booker T. Washington. Hampton’s Collegiate Division: (1) The Teachers College offers two- and four-year courses leading to diplomas and the Bachelor of Science degree and aims to train teachers of agriculture, home economics and high- school academic subjects. The summer ses- sion aims to help teachers in service. (2) The School of Business offers two two-year courses—General Business and Secretarial. (3) The Trade School offers a two-year course leading to a diploma and a four-year contractors’ and builders’ course leading to the Bachelor of Science degree. JAMES E.GREGG FRANK K. ROGERS Principal Treasurer FISK UNIVERSITY HIGH MORAL AND SCHOLASTIC STANDARDS CLASS “A” COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS Expenses Reasonable BROAD ATHLETIC PROGRAM Four Quarters Entrance in October December March and June Address The Dean, Fisk University Nashville, Tenn. GOING TO SCHOOL THIS FALL FINEST CHOICE ner. - BB tom COME = 10 THE i) ee NATION’S AMERICA CAPITAL ST all lami ATTEN The National Training School for Women and Girls The best school for ambitious girls who want an all- round education. The atmosphere is Christian—the ideals inspiring—the purpose definite. The girl is net left to drift into her life work. She is assisted in finding herself and developing her native powers. She saves time and money by taking her Vocational and Academic courses simultaneously. COURSES Vocational: Business Dressmaking Standard High School Millinery 4 yrs. Social Service Home Economics Practical Nursing usic Academic: Elementary 6-8 Normal 2 yrs. Age—Not under 15 Send for a Catalog THE NATIONAL TRAINING SCHOOL FOR WOMEN AND GIRLS, INC. MISS NANNIE H. BURROUGHS, President Lincoln Heights Washington, D. C. Mention Tue Crisis,

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THE CRISIS ADVERTISER Morgan College and Branches. JOHN O. SPENCER, President SUMMER Saeet tee 5- hee 14, COLLEGE :—J Haywood, A.M., arp, Dean. LOCATION iaiien. town between North and South. COURSES:—Four years on Credit System; Degrees. Pre-Medical; Advanced Education, Certificates for high school teaching. FACULTY :—University trained specialists. SITE:—Eighty-five acres, beautiful scenery, hill, forest, athletic flelds. Fraternity heuse. ates ep and supervised. Can eare for 100 boarders and 100 day students. ACADEMY:—(On the grounds) Edmund B. Trot- man, A.B., Principal. COURSES:—College Preparatory and general. INFORMATION :—Address Edward N. Wilson, Regis- trar, Morgan College, Baltimore, Md. PRINCESS ANNE ACADEMY JUNIOR COLLEGE GRADE (Eastern Branch of University of Maryland) COURSES :—Preparatory, eel Agneinea, Indus- trial, Domestic, INFORMATION :—Address the enaak Thomas H. Kiah, Pi Princess Anne, Md. -D., DORMITORIES OPEN:—September 19, 1925, ALL SCHOOLS OPEN:—Sept. 21, 1925. WALDEN COLLEGE (Established in Nashville in 1866) Beautifully and appropriately located. Every modern dormitory convenience. Courses carefully organized and offered. Christian influence, high scholarship and live college spirit. _ For catalog and other information ad- dress T. R: DAVIS, President Nashville, Tennessee State Agricultural and Mechanical Institute Normal, Alabama Founded by Dr. William H. Councill Situated among the oaks and cedars of the Alleghanies. An ideal school site. High School, College, Agricul- ture, Home Economics, Trades, Nurs- ing, Commercial and Music courses. No tuition. Moderate board. Fifty-first session begins September 7, 1925 T. R. PARKER, President Training of Kindergarten Teachers ATLANTA UNIVERSITY Professional Course of Two Years Address Atlanta University, Atlanta, Ga. — Rust College GOING TO COLLEGE THIS FALL? Come To Rust College—Beautifully Located. Students from Fourteen States —ho— Enrollment over 500 for 1924-1925 College of Liberal Arts, Standard Nor- mal, Home Economics, Music, Junior and Senior High Schools. Efficient Faculty, New Equipment for Laboratories, Enlarged Library. Rates Reasonable Fall Quarter begins Sept. 16. For further information write President L. M. McCoy Holly Springs 2 Mississippi Downingtown Industrial and Agricultural School DOWNINGTOWN, PA. (nter, the Supervision of the Pennsylvania Department of Public Instruction) A Trade School offering courses in Agricul- ture, Blacksmithing, Carpentry, Welding, Woodworking, Auto Mechanics, Home Eco- nomics, Commercial Subjects. Academic Department consisting of Junior and Senior High Schools. Boys and Girls above 13 years accepted at reasonable rates. For information address, J. H. N. Waring, Jr., Principal The Cardinal Gibbons Institute RIDGE, ST. MARY’S COUNTY, MARYLAND A school for Negro young men and women of character and purpose. Course of Junior High School grade offered for the coming year. General Mechanics, Agriculture and Domestic mce are taught in parallel courses. Living conditions simple, healthful, well- supervised. For further information, address Victor H. Daniel, Principal, Ridge, Maryland. ST. MARY’S SCHOOL An Episcopal boarding school for girls, under the direction of the sisters of St. Mary. Address: THE SISTER-IN-CHARGE, 6138 Germantown Avenue, Philadelphia, Pa. Mention Tue Crisis.

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THE CRISIS Howard University SCHOOL OF LAW Washington, D. C. A STANDARD LAW SCHOOL located at the Nation’s Capital and offering courses of thirty-two weeks’ duration, leading to the De- grees of LL.B. and LL.M. Carefully selected Library ‘. more oe 5,000 volumes open from 10 A. M. to P. M. of twelve, under the Deanship of Mr. ooth of the U. S. Court of Claims, including Three former Attorneys for the United States and Eight other Practicing Specialists Facult Justice FIRST SEMESTER BEGINS OCTOBER 1, 1925 For further information address THE SECRETARY, Howard University School of Law 420 Fifth Street, N. W. Washington, D. C. Miles Memorial College Established 1900 Work Thorough Terms Reasonable DEPARTMENTS Teachers’ Training Typewriting Senior High School Stenography Jun‘or High School Band Music Industrial GEORGE LEONARD WORD, President BIRMINGHAM, ALA. Bishop C. H. Phillips, A.M., D.D., LL.D. President of Trustee Board. Next Session begins September 16, 1925. The Ancrum School of Music Offers Courses in Piano, Pipe Organ. Violin, Voice, Theory, Solfeggio, Harmony, Composition, etc. New England Conservatory method. Excellent faculty. Fine dormitory rooms. Registration begins first we in September. Direc’ MRS. ESTELLE ANCRUM Sgneren. Graduate N.E.C., Send for year book. ye Rutland Squ: 74 West are, Boston, Mass. We Graduate Competent Stenographers The Stenographers’ Institute Popularly known as Duncan’s Business School 1227 S. 17th Street hiladelphia, Pa. Ability counts. Our graduates are earning from $900 to $1200 and upward per annum. Fall Term Starts October 5, 1925 EDWARD T. DUNCAN, Principal Collegiate Theological Musical Course | j ADVERTISER 1891 1925 Agricultural and Technical College Greensboro, N. C. A Technical School of High Grade Offers College courses in Agriculture, Engineering and Education. A Strong Commercial Course, Voca- tional High School and Trade School. Fall term begins September 15, 1925. Strong Faculty Modern Equipment Splendid Buildings Successful Graduates. For further information, address F. D. BLUFORD, President. Her hundreds of successful recitals speak for themselves. CLEOTA COLLINS Soprano 199 Hamilton Ave., COLUMBUS, OHIO WESLEY I. HOWARD Violin Soloist For terms and open dates address: Violin Department, Howard University Washington, D. C. The Negro in American History Its value is indicated in public and secondary school libraries as an introduction to_the study of American History from American Negro’s viewpoint ; page illustrations. Price Postage prepaid Sent on ie 98 of net price. Order through any be seller; C. O. or postage remittance. For further Informa tion "‘sadress the author. John W. Cromwell, 1439 Swann St., N.W., Washington, D. C. The Negro Faces America By Herbert J. Seligmann Second Edition with New Foreword. In Attractive Paper Binding. Price: One Dollar Together with a Year’s Subscription to THE CRISIS $2.00 284 pages, 32 chapters, 17 full Index and bibliography, other features $ Mention THe Crisis

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THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 307 Meharry Medical College :: * &otiece” with éepartments te ot ete ae Dentis' harmacy and Nurse Training LY REORGANIZED Two years (Class vy che work required ce admission to the Department of Medicine. One ear of College work a School or Normal For on, vm aoe Unek onion: ullowney, M. / LIVINGSTONE COLLEGE SALISBURY, N. C. Co-Educational Recently Re-organized Presents Very Strong Faculty Offers the Following Courses: Theological Liberal Arts and Sciences a. High Sch Domestic ‘arts and Sciences Music A School of Liberal Training With Distinct Religious Atmosphere All Athletics Next Term Opens September 16th For Further Information Address . TRENT, President SIMMONS UNIVERSITY, Louisville, Ky. The only Institution Ls = state, having for its ebject Legal training fer Col- Special training in aeons, Becial Servies, Nursing and ital Work. Collegiate, ae, Medical and ered citizens in Ken Hospita Normal, seemenel, Music, Domestic Selenee, Missionary Training Cc Grening classes, eorrespendence FRATERNAL HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING 42 Dorsey Street MONTGOMERY, ALA. A scientific and professional course to women between 19-35 years of age, with High School education or its equivalent. For information write Superintendent of Nurses THE SAINT PHILIP HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING RICHMOND VIRGINIA REGISTERED BY THE VIRGINIA STATE BOARD F NURSE EXAMINERS Offers to colored women between 18 and 35 years ef age, possessing at least a two-year high school edu- cation, an opportunity to obtain at the Saint Philip Hospital, a general hospital of 176 beds, a course of training leading to a registered nurse which cannot be surpassed by any other school of nursing in the United States. For ipformation apply to DIRECTOR OF NURSING THE SAINT PHILIP HOSPITAL RICHMOND, VIRGINIA “THE GATEWAY NORTH AND SOUTH” Post Graduating ‘Sis in Nursing THE NURSE TRAINING SCHOOL OF MEHARRY MEDICAL COLLEGE offers exceptional opportunities for young women of good health and good moral character to take Post-Graduate ‘ws oe ° few more places to fill. Apply at once to J. MULLOWNEY. a MEHARRY MEDICAL COLLEGE, WASHVILLE. TENN Mention course. Degrees offered. ©. H PARRIAH. President. Medical Director uired for admission to Department of Dentistry. Graduation from a four years’ High hooil required for admission to the Departments of Pharmacy and Nurse Training. » President of Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tenn. SPELMAN COLLEGE | opens September 21, 1925 New science hall opens in September. New chapel is being erected. Library is being built up to meet college requirements. It is just the place to send your daughter for college work. Make application before it is too late. Address Lucy Hale Tapley, Frecident Spelman College Atlanta, | Georgia Virginia Theological Seminary and College LYNCHBURG, VA. College, Academy, Normal and Seminary Courses. Well equipped aboratories. Strong, experienced faculty. Courses modern and thorough. Rates reasonable. For information address ROBERT C. WOODS, President. The Lincoln Hospital and Home TRAINING SCHOOL FOR NURSES in the city of New York offers to young colored women a three years’ course of instruction in nursing. Capacity of hospital—420 beds. Post Graduate Course of six months to graduates of accredited schools, For information apply to: Superintendent of Nurses Miss S. J. Forp Lincoln Hospital and Home New York, N. Y. Brewer Hospital and Nurse Training School Greenwood, S. C. Auspices American Missionary Association, N. Y. A hospital strictly modern in de- sign and equipment. Healthful loca- tion. Efficient corps of instructors. For further information, address Pauline E. Dinkins, M. D., Tue Crisis

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THE CRISIS ADVERTISER FOR YOUR HOME THE N.A.A.C.P. IS FIGHTING RESIDENTIAL SEGREGATION oa oe o> tt eeetes (A eo CO In Washington, D. C., the nation’s capital, white people have sought to prevent a colored woman, Mrs. Helen Curtis, from purchasing a home she had contracted to buy. It is not merely Mrs. Curtis’ home that is involved but the home of every Negro family in the United States. That is why the NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCE- MENT OF COLORED PEOPLE is carrying this case on appeal before the United States Supreme Court. In 1917 the Supreme Court, in the famous Louisville Segregation Case, ruled against segregation by city or state law. Now white property owners are trying to accomplish segregation by agreement among themselves. Through- out the country white property owners are watching this fight being made by the N. A. A. C. P. WILL YOU HELP WIN THIS FIGHT? Money is needed, urgently needed. We need $3,000 to fight this case. Will you give? J. E. Spingarn, Treas., N. A. A. C. P., 69 Fifth Avenue, New York I enclose $ as my share of the fight by the N. A. A. C. P. against segregation. Mention THe Crisis

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THE CRISIS ADVERTISER HAVEN M.E. CHURCH | || THE EAST INDIA HAIR GROWER r +s : Will promote a Full Growth of Hair, Will also Re- When you visit Hot Springs, Arkansas, store the Strength, Vitality and the Beauty of the —The All-Year-Round Resort — You Hair. If your Hair should worship at the Haven Methodist is Dry and Wiry Episcopal Church, Cor. Whittington and " oy Walnut Streets. Junior Church each EAST Sunday at 11 a. m.; Senior Church at 8 . m.; Good Music both h — Bet win in Rill lesan: INDIA HAIR Departmental meetings each night in GROWER the week. _ The Rev. Walter L. Turner, M.A., B.D., Pastor. — ee If you are’ bothered with Falling Hair, Dentre®, Itch- ° , in a or Dear Reader: axe air Is THE CRISIS among the period- Y Trouble, we : ° ° . want you to icals in the Reading Room of your Pub- 4 try a jar of lic Library? If so, see that it is properly EAST INDIA HAIR i i . e remedy displayed. If not, put it there. contains ad prop: ipti erties that go to the Subscription $1.50 per year. Grote of the: fink, athe = = = ulate -. skin, noes > SS pF : at nature do its work. 5 bd a =y. “( ve E Leaves the hair soft Earn Extra Money Lereib, Rewaet S FY . y a ; ith a balm of a thousand flowers. The 1 Your Spare li me : aah known remedy for Heavy and Nehing Orders for Our Sell Prat a Bes “Z ae 5 ie ac fer, istinctive Pi ; jreeti D>, stores ray air Oo its atura. olor. Finish Calling ‘Card, Plate and Lines Fineh Calling’ Condo Can be used with Hot Iron. Business and Professional Cards, Fraternal Cards, Mono- xtra grammed Stationery, ete. A high class line selling at popular Price Sent by _ 50c; ite E for prices. Liberal commissions. No experience necessary, as we ostage. furnish instructions with outfit. All orders filled promptly and sent prepaid Tremendous Holiday Demand. Many orders obtainable now AGENTS OUTFIT Ss, D. LYONS for Perscnal Christmas Greeting Cards. Selling and Adver- 1 Hair Grower, tising helps furnished. Write today for sfamples and agertts’ Temple Oil, 1 Sham- 316 N. Central 5 Indianapolis, Ind. se = ie Face Cream = Dept. B. rr on for . . $2.00. 25¢ Extra for Oklahoma City, one. Okla. Badges, Banners, Lodge Regalia For all lodge and church societies Mention name of organization. CENTRAL REGALIA CO. Jos. L. Jones—Founder 641 W. 9th St. Dept, C. Cincinnati, Ohio 1000 AGENTS and DEALERS WANTED 100 Novelties and - —s ¥ , : PRETTY COLORED 201 Bay Avenue Ocean City, New Jersey eee? DOLLS Open May 30 to November 1 fd They Walk, Talk, Sleep. Reasonable rates. Excellent Quality boa ¥ ae Service and Board. Beautifully located ea oe ae trad timmy of on = water front. Boating, bathing a and fishing. Forty-five minutes to At- lantic City by boats or electrics. Write BETHEL MFG. CO., MRS. M. B. COMFORT Dept. C. Proprietress bs asi 97 South St., Jamaica, N. Y. Mention THE Crisis

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THE CRISIS ADVERTISER THE NAME POR A SYMBOL OF QUALITY Your name defines your character and personality and is a symbol of what you are. “PORD?” is the trade-name of very exceptional Hair and Toilet Preparations and a System of Scientific Hair and Beauty Culture used and praised by ever increasing thousands. Mrs. A. M. Turnbo-Malone, Founder of this great busi- ness, has put into POR her character, personality and ability. POR Products and Treatments are amazingly efficient. Try PORO Products and Treatments dispensed by PORO AGENTS everywhere. YOU WILL BE HIGHLY PLEASED : If you don’t know aFORDO AGENT, write us and she'll call. PORO COLLEGE 4300 St. Ferdinand Avenue ST. LOUIS, MO., U.S. A. Mention THe Crisis

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