The Crisis 1918-05: Vol 16 Iss 1

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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE President Secretary MOORFIELD STOREY JOHN R. SHILLADY Chairman Board of Directors Director of Publications and Research MAJOR J. E. SPINGARN DR. W. E. B. DuBOIS Acting Chairman of the Board Field Secretary MARY WHITE OVINGTON JAMES WELDON JOHNSON Treasurer Assistant Secretary OSWALD GARRISON VILLARD WALTER F. WHITE wrwrwrernrnr The N. A. A. C. P. has no endowments. It is supported entirely by voluntary contributions and membership fees. It appeals to all fair-minded citizens, white and colored, to join in the effort to secure simple justice under the law for colored citizens. Heretofore the Association has not had money enough ade- quately to carry on the fight. Join now and help The Moorfield Storey Drive for 50,000 MEMBERS Negroes in many states are disfranchised, discriminated against, “Jim-Crowed,” lynched, denied equal protection of the laws, equal educational advantages for their children, and equal economic oppor- tunity. National honor demands justice for all citizens. If every reader of The Crisis will become a member, the Asso- ciation’s work can be made more effective. DO IT NOW. The Crisis is sent without further charge to members paying two dollars or more. OswaLp GARRISON VILLARD, Treasurer, 70 Fifth Avenue, New York. Sir: 1 enclose $........3. in payment of membership dues for one year in the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, with the stipulation that one dollar of any amount remitted herewith in excess of one dollar is for one year’s subscription to THE CRISIS.

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THE CRISIS A RECORD OF THE DARKER RACES PUBLISHED MONTHLY AND COPYRIGHTED BY THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE, AT 70 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY. CON- DUCTED BY W. E. BURGHARDT DU BOIS; AUGUSTUS GRANVILLE DILL, BUSINESS MANAGER Contents for May, 1918 PICTURES - COVER. Portrait of Matty Thomas in “Chu Chin Chow.” By Frank M. Walts. (See page 29.) ee ee ND is 5 Aig. bc wh eso Sse PE AO CCK O SERRE ES KW ea 14 pe OER ea ea ee) a 20 MIDNIGHT AUDIENCE. Booker Washington Theatre, St. Louis, Mo...... 26-27 “THE BUFFALOES.” The 367th Infantry, N. A.........ccccccccececs 28 ARTICLES A LEGEND OF THE BLUE JAY. By Ruth Anna Fisher................. 12 AGAIN IT IS THE VIBRANT MAY. A Poem. By Georgia Douglas Johnson. 12 THE AFRO-PORTUGUESE. By P. E. Pereira........ Kee et eames Bek ee 13 THE BURNING OF JIM McILHERRON. An N. A. A. C. P. Investigation. By Walter F. White ...... BIR a OIA Bs hoe 6:4 sea wid. o 96 Sasa MR 4 eae ears 16 DEPARTMENTS IS 61655 .0 a AS n'a hin pws Sr8w ater wets Div Meiia tw Aare sk Sees 7 OS ag | Ee eee oa 15 i NI 6600s eas: 0's she's © id Win W804 aa Wd ale ere pops ww HALO 21 UN RRERIIIED 2-5 (610 as 8.500 ke Wiehe Die Od Cigce a lb. WIE STR Ca Seaetas alale ; 30 THE JUNE CRISIS The June Crisis will be Soldiers’ Number. The cover in colors will be from the poster painted for the Circle for Negro War Relief by Robert Edmund Jones. There will be special letters from the cantonments and portraits of Negro officers. Articles will deal with the black man’s part in this war. TEN CENTS A COPY; ONE DOLLAR A YEAR FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS TWENTY-FIVE CENTS EXTRA RENEWALS: The date of expiration of each subscription is printed on the wrapper. When the subscription is due, a blue renewal blank is enclosed. CHANGE OF ADDRESS: The address of a subscriber can be changed as often as desired In ordering a change of address, both the old and the new address must be given. Two weeks’ notice is required. MANUSCRIPTS and DRAWINGS relating to colored people are desired. They will be received at the sender’s risk, but if postage is enclosed effort will be made to return them safely, if unava.lable. Entered as second class matter November 2, 1910, at the post officer at New York, New York under the Act of Mawch 3, 1879.

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THE CRISIS ADVERTISER THE NATIONAL TRAINING SCHOOL DURHAM, N. C. Open to Students of Either Sex. It is more than a mere school. It is a community at service and uplift. Its influence is destined to be felt in all sections of the country in improved Negro community life wherever our trained workers locate. The following departments are already in successful opera- tion: Teacher Training, Industrial, Literary, Academic and Collegiate, Commercial, Missionary, Theological, Household Economics and Departments of Music. In equipment and teaching it is not surpassed by any School for the Education of \egro Youth in the South. The next term opened Monday, October 1, 1917. For catalog and detailed information, address President, JAMES E. SHEPARD, DURHAM - . The A. & T. Summer School The Agricultural and Technical College The Nineteenth Annual Session begins June 24, 1918, and continues six weeks. Pleasant surroundings, strong fac- ulty, attractive courses. Teachers are advised to send Regis- tration Fee at once and secure lodging in advance. A Teachers’ Institute, under the man- agement of Experts, will be conducted co-incidentally with the last two weeks of the session. Registration Fee: to new students $2.00 « “ : to former students $1.00 For information as to Summer School, Institute or for catalog, address PRESIDENT DUDLEY, Greensboro, N. C. NORTH CAROLINA THE CHEYNEY TRAINING SCHOOL FOR TEACHERS CHEYNEY, PENNA. For reasonably mature students who have a@ good secondary school preparation, and who desire to become teachers, courses are of- fered during the regular term in academic work, domestic science, dcmestic art, phys- ical training, elementary school methods, wood and metal working, and agriculture. Board and laundry privileges for the year $125. Fall term begins Wednesday, Septem- ber 18, 1918. The Summer School for Teachers, from July 1st to July 3lst, inclusive, will this year offer primary methods, English, mathematics, history, civics and geography, plain sewing and dressmaking, raffia work and basketry, art needle work, cookery, wood and metal working, physical training, and gardening. Dormitory space is limited, and applications should be made early. Cost for the four weeks $15.00. For further information write to LESLIE PINCKNEY HILL, Principal. | TS 2ST IE A A AA Mention Tue Crusis. erect LC TE RR RE A EES SI

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THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 5 Atlanta University | MOREHOUSE COLLEGE Is beautifully located in the City of Atlanta, Ga. The courses of study include High School, Normal School and College, with manual training and do- mestic science. Among the teachers are graduates of Yale, Harvard, Dartmouth and Wellesley. Forty- eight years of successful work have been completed. Students come from all parts of the South. Grad- sates are almost universally successful. For further information address President EDWARD T. WARE ATLANTA, GA. Knoxville College Beautiful Situation. Healthful Loca Best Moral and Spiritual Environment. Intellectual Atmosphere. Thorough Work, Offers full courses in the following departments: College, Normal, High School, Grammar School and Industrial. Good water, steam heat, electric lights, drainage. Expenses very reasonable. Fall Term tion, The A Splendid Noted for Honest and good egan September 19, 1917. For information address President R. W. Mc GRANAHAN KNOXVILLE, TENN. THE FLORIDA A. & M. COLLEGE Tallahassee, Florida Offers long and short courses in Mechanic Arts, in Home Econom ics in Agriculture, in Education and in Science. For Catalog Aduzess NATHAN B. YOUNG, President P. O. DRAWER 524 1870 CLARK UNIVERSITY _ 1917 com- ngs with modern conveniences. High Scholarship — Talented Faculty — Well equines brie! and te ane soci: ce v low. $100 r of 1 months will pay tuition, eye Comfortable decminatios "a: steam heat and gas light. COURSES OF STUDY Domestic Science for girls, cooking, sewing, ing and embroidery. Pre-Academy—7th and 8th des. Academy—Four years with diploma. Pre-Medical—Two years above academy. College—Four years leading to A. B. degree. Normal—Five years above grades with a. First Semester October 8, 1917. HAREY ANDREWS KING, President. ST. MARY’S SCHOOL An Episcopal boarding school for girls, ander the Pn the direction of the Sisters of St. Address: THE SISTER-IN-CHARGE 609 N. 43d St (Formerly Atlanta Baptist College) ATLANTA, GA. College, Academy, Divinity School An institution famous within recent years for its emphasis on all sides of manly develop- ment—the only institution in the far South devoted solely to the education of Negro young men. Graduates given high ranking by pon northern universities. Debating, Y. M. C. A athletics, all live features. For information address JOHN HOPE, President. WILEY UNIVERSITY MARSHALL, TEXAS Recognized as a college of the First Class by Texas and Louisiana State Boards of Education. Harvard, Yale and Columbia represented on its faculty ; students gath- ered from ten different states. Strongest Music Department in the West M. W. DOGAN, President FISK UNIVERSITY NASHVILLE, TENN. Founded 1866 Thorough Literary, Scientific, Educational, Musical and Social Science Courses. Pioneer in Negro music. Special study in Negro life. Ideal and sanitary buildings and grounds. Well-equipped Science building. Christian home life. »High standard of independent manhood and womanhood. For literature, etc., write FAYETTE AVERY McKENZIE, President. Morris Brown University Atlanta, Ga. Co-Educational The largest institution of learning in the South owned be geo controlled by Negroes. Faculty of special- ists, tra in some of the best universities in the tees and in the South. Noted for high standard of echolarship; industrial emphasis and positive Chris. “a prema. eae equloped — sane athletics under fac supe: on. xpenses rea- sonable. Loeation central and healthful. qo Theology, Colles College, Preparatory, Nor- cal, cience, Nurse T P; inion, Sevieg rinting and ind ailoing, For further information address W. A. FOUNTAIN, President W. Philadeiphia, Pa. | erswor 3. 5. FLIPPER. Chairman Trustee Resrd Mention Tue Crisis.

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THE CRISIS ADVERTISER LIVINGSTONE COLLEGE SALISBURY, N. C. A Religions Co-Educational School with a Tradition Open to All Negroes: Only Merit Counts Students come from Twenty-nine States in the Union, from Canada, Africa, the West India Islands and Central America. And Graduates Make Good. Salisbury, North Carolina, an Ideal Place for Study with a Mild, Equable Climate, Pure Water, Breezes from Pine and other Forests a Constant Tonic—the Greatest Degree of Health- fulness. New Girls’ Dormitory with all Modern Conveni- ences Accommodating 210 just Completed and Ready Courses of Studyt Grammar School, Academy, Normal, College, Divinity, Music and Industries for Boys and Girls. Expenses Moderate. Thirty-sixth Session Opened Wednesday, Oc- tober 8, 1917. For Further Information Address D. C. SUGGS, President or J. E. Aggrey, Registrar. WILBERFORCE UNIVERSITY SUMMER SCHOOL 5th Annual Session June 24— August 3 1918 College, Normal and_ Vocational Courses offered. Splendid opportunity for review of teacher’s professional work and advance or review work along literary lines. Large and specially prepared faculty. ample accommodation, excellent equip- ment. Special course of lectures. W. S. SCARBOROUGH, President. Wilberforce University. GILBERT H. JONES, Dean, College of Arts and Director of Summer School. For full particulars write the Director. TOUGALOO COLLEGE MISSISSIPPI “The best school for Negroes in the State.”—Bishop Theodore D. Bratton. COLLEGE Regular Four Year A. B. Course Two Year Teacher Training Course ACADEMY Choice of Seven Courses — College Preparatory, Agricultural, Mechanical, Home Economics, Commercial, Pedag- ogical, Musical. Out in the country. Expenses low. Four Prize Scholarships of $25.00 Each Offered Boys for Best Entrance Examinations to Eighth and Ninth Grade. For particulars Write President W. T. HOLMES Tougaloe, Hinds County, Mississippi The Slater Industrial and State Normal School For Colored Youth of Both Sexes WINSTON-SALEM, N. O. I. Offering Standard Courses In Academic Subjects, In Industrial and Vocational Subjects, Tn Education. II. Graduates receive the Teacher’s Cer- tificate. III. Located amid the foothills of the moun- tain section of Western North Caro- lina and the health conditions are ideal. IV. Accommodations excellent and expenses moderate. For fugne, information communicate with S. G. ATKINS, Principal SLATER STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, ‘Winston-Salem, N. C. COLEMAN COLLEGE GIBSLAND, LA. Sapes porget, = State Woman’s Home —_ mS Ohicago and Boston and x. ety of New York. Students un six different states. Graduates ex- empted on first grade by Louisiana, Arkansas and Oklahoma. O. L. COLEMAN, President THE LINCOLN HOSPITAL HOME SCHOOL FOR NURSES in the City of New York offers to young women a three years’ course of instruction in Nursing. Capacity of hospital 420 beds. Post Graduate course of six months to graduates of accredited training schools. Mr informa- tion apply to SUPERINTENDENT of NURSES, Lincoln Hospital and Home, New York City. Mention Tue Corere a1 om.) —_ et rf PD DO wm oo t c § I I

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THE CRISIS Vol. 16—No. 1 MAY, 1918 Whole No. 91 Editorial SAVE BELIEVE that this is Our War and not President Wil- son’s War and that no matter how many blunders the admin- istration makes, or how many ob- stacles it puts in our way we must work the harder to win the war. I want to urge the importance of advertising in every way you can the campaign for War Savings—savings of money, of food, of labor. In doing so you kill three birds with one stone: 1. Promote the success of the war. 2. Increase the individual wealth of your constituency. 3. Put them on a common footing with other patriotic American citizens and promote those common bonds that gradually break down prejudice. If the colored citizens of the coun- try seize this opportunity to empha- size their American citizenship by effective war activities, they will score tremendously. When men fight together and work together and save together, this foolishness of race prejudice disappears. GEORGE G. BRADFORD. THE NEGRO AND THE WAR DEPART- MENT. T seems to be necessary to in- sist upon justice toward the Negro from the War Depart- ment. We are well aware that much of this injustice is inci- dental and not intentional. As Ne- groes, we propose to fight for the right, no matter what our treatment may be; but we submit to the public that intentional injustice toward col- ored soldiers is the poorest invest- ment that this nation can make just now. First, let us recall the position of Colonel Young: he is still imprisoned in Ohio on full pay with nothing to do. The Examining Board recom- mended that Colonel Young be “re- tained in active service.” The Sec- retary of War approved this recom- mendation and directed that “Colonel Young be placed on active duty.” The Adjutant General, knowing the difference between “active service” and “active duty” immediately re- tired Colonel Young from active service and placed him on active duty with nothing to do. Twelve million Negroes demand that Colonel Young be restored to “active service!” Again, the Ninety-second Division of Negro troops was established by the Secretary of War and approved by President Wilson over the protest of the General Staff: but no effort was made to secure for this division certain necessary persons of techni- cal training. The colored officers at Fort Des Moines were given no ar- tillery training. Farmers from the South, largely illiterate and without mechanical skill or education, were assigned to the artillery in the first draft. This, however, could easily have been remedied by transferring from other regiments in this division and from other divisions, educated and technically trained colored men. The vermission to make such trans-

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8 THE CRISIS fers has been denied by the War De- partment. Unless this decision is re- versed, the Ninety-second Division is bound to be a failure as a unit organ- ization. Is it possible that persons in the War Department wish this di- vision to be a failure? Thirdly, we call the attention of the public to Bulletin No. 35 sent out from Camp Funston, Kans., which says: “The Division Commander has re- peatedly urged that all colored mem- bers of his command, and especially the officers and non-commissioned of- ficers, should refrain from going where their presence will be resented. In spite of this injunction one of the sergeants of the Medical Department has recently precipitated the precise trouble that should be avoided and then called on the Division Com- mander to take sides in a row that should never have occurred and would not have occurred had the sergeant placed the general good above his personal pleasure and convenience. This sergeant entered a theatre, as he undoubtedly had a legal right to do, and precipitated trouble by making it possible to allege race discrimina- tion in the seat he was given. He is strictly within his legal rights in this matter and the theatre manager is legally wrong. Nevertheless, the ser- geant is guilty of the greater wrong in doing anything no matter how leg- ally correct that will provoke race animosity.” Can it be that General Ballou is not going to protect his colored officers in their simplest legal rights? We are aware how careful colored men have to be everywhere in the United States in “stirring up” rdce antagonism, but the greatest danger is not that they will carelessly bring on race antagon- ism, but rather that they will invite it by submitting to intolerable insult. Finally, we call attention to one other action of the War Department, prefacing it by the information that there are twenty-three colored doc- tors in Detroit, that they are grad- uates of some of the foremost medical schools of the country and that they have long practised among both col- ored and white people. Notwith- standing this, the following letter has been sent to local Exemption Board No. 4: “Gentlemen : “It has been called to the attention of this department that many of your white registrants have been examined by colored doctors. “This matter has been taken up with the Adjutant General and he de- sires that this practise be discon- tinued. “By the direction of the Adjutant General, “Signed by Robert K. Davis.” Z. W. MITCHELL. ROM time to time it becomes the painful duty of THE CRISIS to expose fraud and humbug. Z. W. Mitchell has been operating in the Middle West and in Canada for many years. Usu- ally his methods just escape trans- gression of the letter of the law, but he found it best to remove from Can- ada, leaving a member of his family in the penitentiary and recently he himself has been in jail in Iowa. A prominent white merchant of Iowa writes us: “T am glad to learn of the where- abouts of the Negro, Z. W. Mitchell, for I know a lot about his dishonest doings and pretentions. Some four or five years ago he came to Oskaloosa and worked along the same lines which your letter indicates he is doing at Springfield now, namely, ‘Loyal Legion Co-operative System,’ for the solution of the Negro problem. He is an intelligent Negro and a slick fel- low and knows how to line up a lot of prominent men for his Work. Mr. , Negro lawyer of , read ee ee ee ee ae ee ee Oe le ee ee ee ke.

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EDITORIAL 9 his character better than some of the rest of us. He received about one hundred dollars from me, through misrepresentation and false pre- tenses, but got away from Oskaloosa before I fully comprehended the real facts leading up to my cashing his draft. I could not locate him for about three years, then I put to work trying to collect my money and I think he traced him through THE CRISIS. Mr. collected part of the money, but later, failing to make satisfactory settlement, I placed my correspondence and vari- ous data in the hands of the County Attorney, who called me before the Grand Jury some two years ago, and it did not take them long to indict Mr. Mitchell. He was arrested in Quincy, Ill., brought to Oskaloosa, put in jail to await trial; but through the influence of some attorneys and his good promises, he was released from jail, on what grounds I do not know. I declined to see him or have any con- ference, but the indictment is still over him and all the evidence in the way of telegrams, letters, papers, etc., are now in the hands of the County Attorney. “My opinion is that he is a slick and smart rascal and his nefarious work ought to be stopped.” An authorized agent of Tuskegee writes: “Just before Dr. Washington sum- moned me to meet him in Chicago, late in- 1912, or early the following year, I ran across this same man, Mitchell, who at that time was oper- ating in eastern Iowa with a base at Muscatine, Iowa. Some of our donors at Clinton and Davenport (in Iowa) bitterly complained to Dr. Washington about Z. W. Mitchell then. I got in after him and espe- cially with the aid of Mr. a Negro lawyer, chased Mitchell into Missouri. Later I learned he was liv- ing in St. Louis. “T may say here that this man Mitchell has caused Tuskegee to lose many of its donors. I actually saw with my own eyes a letter he claims Dr. Washington gave him out in Ohio many years ago—in the late nineties —during President McKinley’s first term as our President. He is a very intelligent-looking individual and is an exceedingly smooth talker. He is a great liar, a scoundrel, a thief, who plays on charity and actually belongs in the penitentiary! I suggest that the school take a very firm stand against this slick, glib, smooth imposter.” Mitchell is now circularizing the West for a “Co-operative Congress” to be held this summer in Springfield, Ill., where he is at present operating. UNCONSCIOUS INSULT. COLORED woman writes us: “On Tuesday, February 12, I was invited, along with Aes a large number of our wom- en, to a meeting called by Clarence R. Wilson, Food Administrator for the District of Columbia, to listen to ad- dresses on food conservation by sev- eral speakers, and I feel that we col- ored women were invited to this meet- ing for the specific purpose of being insulted. “The first speaker, Mrs. Archibald Hopkins, in her address referred to her ‘old black mammy’ and said that she had said to her, ‘Miss Hopkins, I’se got to have sugar.’ The second speaker, Mrs. Matthew Scott, Presi- dent of the Daughters of the Ameri- can Revolution, began her speech by saying, ‘An old darkey down South was asked to change a ten dollar bill, etc.’ The third speaker, a trained one from Chicago, made no reference to us as a race, but I have felt ever since I left that meeting that Mrs. Hopkins and Mrs. Scott should be showered with the protests of the nearly one hundred colored women present, to so ridicule our race in a meeting called for the unity of all American women in the matter of food conservation.”

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The real tragedy of this protest lies in the undoubted fact that neither Mrs. Hopkins nor Mrs. Scott had the slightest idea that they were insult- ing anybody. It is even doubtful if they knew that Negroes could be in- sulted. Imagine such a situation in a civil- ized land! THE BAPTIST REUNION. E congratulate the black Baptists of America for their skill and sacrifice in putting an end to that which threatened to be a lamenta- ble division. The white Baptists of the South, too, deserve great credit for their kindly co-operation and advice. The gist of the plan of reunion is, First, that the charter of the Morris convention be annulled. Second, that the pending law suit against the Boyd Publishing Board be dismissed, but that it be dis- tinctly regognized that the publishing house and all other institutions and boards belong to the National Baptist Convention and are under its control. Arrangements are made for the two conventions to meet next year at the same place, adopt separately the peace treaty and then unite under of- ficers to be appointed by the commis- sion which drafted the agreement outlined above, and which consists of representatives of the two conven- tions and of the Southern white Bap- tists. We venture to suggest that after this happy step it would be a grace- ful thing for both Doctor Morris and Doctor Boyd. to withdraw to a well- deserved rest and leave the after con- duct of Baptist affairs to younger and newer men. THE UNIT PLAN. HERE has been started in Cincinnati a plan of social uplift, known as the “Unit Y Plan,” which deserves the thoughtful attention of colored peo- 10 THE CRISIS ple. Briefly, the idea is to take the small block or street in a city where there is a fairly homogeneous pop- ulation and try to minister to its needs in every modern scientific way. A social visitor, at first appointed, but eventually chosen by the people, secures the information and consults the social experts. First, efforts are directed to the babies in the block. They receive periodical medical at- tention, proper food, etc. Prospec- tive mothers are given advice. Births are registered, unemployment re- corded and every effort made to ob- tain careful knowledge and skilled remedy. Multiple visits by outside agencies are cut down to the min- imum and the people themselves are encouraged to organize and take charge of their own social welfare and have representation on the gen- eral board, which administers the so- cial welfare work of the ward or “ity. This social unit plan should he carefully studied by colored people and as quickly as possible be intro- duced among them. Its well ex- pressed purpose is: “To hasten the coming of a de- mocracy both genuine and efficient by building up on a basis of geographi- cal units an organization through which the people can get a clear idea of their common needs and can util- ize the technical knowledge of skilled groups in formulating and carrying out programs to meet those needs.” A PROTEST. The Editor of The Outlook: @ ] HAVE never expected from | The Outlook any real friend- ship for the Negro. On the contrary, I have been pre- pared for what seems to me deliberate misrepresentation of the motives of those who are fighting for the Ne- gro’s manhood rights and a nauseous emphasis upon the absolute probity of the “better” South. I did not, however, think that The is Tes eH OS cr da ~ ~~ es 7

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Outlook would sink to publishing so scurrilous an article as that on the Negro soldier. It is a libel that be- gins with a lie and is built on the sneer that Negroes are dogs and not men. I think it is not only outrageous, but shamefully unpatriotic for a great journal like yours to deride and seek to degrade one hundred thous- and men who are offering their lives for their country. I hope to God there is nothing lower in your toady- ing to the South to which you are planning to sink. W. E. B. DuBois. COOPERATION. To the Editor of THE CRISIS: a) HEARTILY welcome the dis- | cussion in your columns of the principles of cooperation in production and distribu- tion. Much of the injustice which the N. A. A. C. P. is fighting would disappear if the colored people were less economically dependent and through cooperation in industry a long stride in removing this disabil- ity might be taken besides training them for united action to improve their condition in other directions. Cannot a leader be found who will do for the Negro farmer what Sir Horace Plunkett has done for the Irish agriculturist, or a group among them arise with faith to attempt what the Rochdale pioneers at- tempted? I hope the discussion may go further, for I cannot imagine a greater service which the N. A. A. C. P. can render than the promotion of this form of self-help. A. K. MAYNARD. NOTES. HE white Methodists have al- most agreed to disfranchise their Negro members until they grow to 600,000, when they will automatically become an in- dependent church in everything but name. EDITORIAL 1l President Wilson says that “the old party slogans have lost their signifi- cance and will mean nothing to the voter of the future, for the war is cer- tain to change the mind of Europe as well as the mind of America.” Let Negroes note this when they read the suffrage plank of the new National Party platform, as drafted by the edi- tor of THE CRISIS: “We demand enforcement of the laws which give the right to vote to American citizens of Negro descent, and in order that they and others may cast an intelligent ballot we ask for national aid to common school education, to be distributed among the several states in accordance with their illiteracy.” Negro Health Week and the Child Saving Movement bring to us the need of careful, persistent effort to stamp out disease. It is unfortunate that many calamity howlers follow the example of Dr. Shirley Wynne of the New York Department of Health and seek to prove, in the face of all re- liable statistics, that the Negro is “‘de- teriorating.” This is flatly false. He is rapidly improving in health, but his efforts must be redoubled before he reaches the full modern standard. Eat strengthening food, sleep with the windows open, and get out of the alleys and swamps—that is the pro- gram. The concrete proposal of Dr. James H. Dillard for national aid to Negro education is the one piece of construc- tive statesmanship for the uplift of the Negro which has come out of the South for fifty years. It would be a shame for Congress not to follow the advice of superintendents in the Na- tional Education Association and either adopt this proposal or the one by the Child Labor Association.

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T was a hot, sultry day in May and the children in the little school in Virginia were wearily waiting for the gong to free them from lessons for the day. Furtive glances were directed towards the clock. The call of the birds and fields was becom- ing more and more insistent. Would the hour never strike! “The Planting of the Apple-tree” had no interest for them. Little attention was given the boy as he read in a sing-song, spiritless manner: “What plant we in this apple-tree? Buds, which the breath of summer days Shall lengthen into leafy sprays; Boughs where the thrush, with crimson breast, Shall haunt and sing and hide her nest.” The teacher, who had long since stopped trying to make the lesson interesting, found herself saying mechanically, “What other birds have their nests in the apple- tree?” The boy shifted lazily from one foot to the other as he began, “The sparrow, the robin, and wrens, and—and snow-birds, and blue-jays,—” “No, they don’t, blue-jays don’t have nests,” came the excited outburst from some of the chiidren, much to the surprise of the teacher. When order was restored some of these brown-skinned children, who came from the heart of the Virginia mountains, told this legend of the blue-jay. ’ Long, long years ago, the devil came to buy the blue-jay’s soul, for which he first A LEGEND OF THE BLUE JAY UF a By RuTH ANNA FISHER Ue US) AGAIN IT IS THE VIBRANT MAY US Ua By GeEorGIA DouGLas JOHNSON Us UF offered a beautiful golden ear of corn. This the blue-jay liked and wanted badly, but said, “No, I cannot take it in exchange for my soul.” Then the devil came again, this time with a bright red ear of corn which was even more lovely than the golden one. This, too, the blue-jay refused. At last the devil came to offer him a wonderful blue ear. This one the blue-jay liked best of all, but still was unwilling to part with his soul. Then the devil hung it up in the nest, and the blue-jay found that it exactly matched his own brilliant feathers, and knew at once that he must have it. The bargain was quickly made. And now in payment for that one blue ear of corn each Friday the blue-jay must carry one grain of sand to the devil, and sometimes he gets back on Sunday, but oftener not until Mon- day. Very seriously the children added, “And all the bad people are going to burn until the blue-jays have carried all the grains of sand in the ocean to hell.” The teacher must have smiled a little at the legend, for the children cried out again, “Tt is so. - "Deed it is, for doesn’t the black spot on the blue-jay come because he gets his wings scorched, and he doesn’t have a nest like other birds.” Then, to dispel any further doubts the teacher might have, they asked triumphant- ly, “You never saw a blue-jay on Friday, did you?” There was no need to answer, for just then the gong sounded and the children trooped happily out to play. A it is the vibrant May, The bursting buds, the leafing trees, The toying fragrance of the breeze Call to my heart in subtlest way, Come! come, it is a holiday! The streamlet with unending song, Steals soft beneath a veiling mist, As to some sweet alluring tryst— While I, with inner surges strong, Find incomplete the day, and long. Again it is the vibrant May, The Springtime fervor mocks my pain, For I am thrall to wintry rain— Fain would I turn my eyes away, For love alone brings holiday. 12 a al ili lt ale ea i ia oe mi ied als a a.

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LE LJ a S I AM a colored man from the Cape Verde Islands (Afro-Portuguese, you would say) and certainly am concerned, interested and united in spirit with the cause for which the N. A. A. C. P. defends and stands. In the Cape Verde Islands (I suppose you have met some of the fellows from there) we are made up of three races, the African, the Brazilian and the Caucasian (Portugese). Either of these three bloods may run in our veins to a greater or lesser extent in a variety of cases, because the first distribution of the first colens was not evenly made; but a study of the pedigree will find the three stuff there surely. The first black contingent, some of them, were under bond of slavery, but they, notwith- standing, got mixed up with the other two races, or rather the Brazilians and the whites got mixed up with the Negroes. The mixture with the Indian mulatto (Bra- zilian) and the whites increased much after the emancipation. One thing peculiar was that some islands were first colonized with a greater number of whites, some with a greater number of blacks, and yet some with a greater number of mulattoes. So true is this that if you meet the average man from the Island of Brava and the average man from the Island of Sam Thiago, you would soon notice these extremes. The mix- ing up of the trio race is uneven up to this day One thing we never heard of until we landed in America is the color line. If ever there was a racial prejudice in our islands, it was between the free people (black, white or Brazilian) and the slaves or their offspring. In some instances the free people (some black among these) ob- jected to intermarriage with the slaves and their progeny, but this at no time ever de- veloped to such a thing as racial or color line, because, as you see, it was not a mat- ter of color or race, but simply a civic status, if I may call it this way. In every country and in ours there has always been a distinction between the rich and the poor, the educated and the uneducated; and as a rule these classes do not associate together. If you happen to be colored in my country and you have education and wealth, you THE AFRO-PORTUGUESE By P. E. PEREIRA 13 mw OA will associate with the higher class of the same standing, say the whites, and no one would dream of your complexion and much less mention it. It would cause an earth- quake! From the foregoing explanation you can imagine how shocked, how scandalized a man from my country would feel when he first sets his feet on your land and learns of the color lines, of Jim Crow Law, of lynching and racial hatred. You can just imagine. One thing is sure, when we are come, we cast our lot with American col- ored people, and make up our minds, there and then, to shoulder the cross of our ad- ventures. It may be true that the majority of us are not able to take part intellectually in the race fight, because, having grown un- der an autocratic and poor government (old Portuguese Kingdom) we were not blessed with the advantages of an educa- tion. And those of us who had any educa- tion received it in the Portuguese language and even if by personal application we have learned and understand a little Eng- lish, it may not be enough to enable us to express our views intelligibly and forcibly to be of any help to you. It may be true also that being brought up under a Latin government, speaking the language of a Latin nation and imbued with the traditions of a Latin race—we Cape Verdians must be of a different bent of mind and different not only in our domestic habits but, per- haps, in many other respects from the aver- age American Negro, whose feeling has been hurt by a dint of injustice; whose at- titude is one of constant defense, because of persistent, unjust prosecution. These dif- ferences, however, do not prevent us from learning quickly what is the real situation, the situation that is facing us on account of our dark skin in America. recognize our dark brothers. Your fight is legitimately our fight. We must stand by you shoulder to shoulder; and, if you have the patience to guide us, you knowing the way better, we will march every inch of the ground with you, and mark well, YOU WILL FIND US THERE. In you we

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DR. J. H. LOWERY JAMES E. GREGG THE LATE DR. 8. M. STEWARD MAJOR G. W. PRIOLEAU C. H. TOBIAS

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ace ae NER | i ' :

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Men of the Month A PIONEER PHYSICIAN. R. S. MARIA STEWARD, wife of Chaplain T. G. Steward of Wilber- force University, was born in Brooklyn, N. Y., in 1845 the daughter of Sylvanus and Anna Smith. She took up the study of medicine when it was a rare career for a woman. She studied at the New York Homeopathic College for Women and was valedictorian of her class. Afterward she took a post-graduate course in the Long Island College Hospital. For many years she practised in New York State and was a member of the King’s County Homeopathic Society and the New York State Medical Society. With her other duties she served as organist for the Bridge Street A. M. E. Church for twenty-eight years. Mrs. Steward was married twice, her first husband being the Rev. W. G. McKinney, and her second Chaplain Steward. During her last years Dr. Steward was resident physician at Wilberforce University. She traveled much at home and abroad, was the mother of two children and a woman of rare charm and great ability. A FIGHTING PHYSICIAN. R. J. H. LOWERY was born in 1861 in Louisiana and has spent his life there. He was educated at Straight Uni- versity and the Flint Medical College. He has built up a large practice at Donaldson- ville and made considerable investments in real estate. Recently he headed the move- ment for securing better accommodations on the railroads for colored people. Through the efforts of his committee the State Rail- road Commission has ordered equal accom- modations for the races on the railroads of the state. Dr. Lowery is prominent among Odd Fel- lows and other fraternal orders in Louis- iana, AN ARMY CHAPLAIN. EORGE W. PRIOLEAU was born in Charleston, S. C., and educated in the public schools, Avery Institute and Claflin University. He taught in the public schools and then entered the ministry, Afterward 15 he was sent to Wilberforce University, graduating from the Theological Depart- ment in 1884. For several years he taught in the Theological Department at Wilber- force University and pastored churches in Xenia. In 1895 he was appointed chaplain of the Ninth Cavalry, U. S. Army, with the rank of Captain. He served in this regi- ment until 1915, when he was transferred to the Tenth Cavalry. In 1916 he was as- signed to the Twenty-fifth Infantry and given the grade of Major. Chaplain Prioleau is married and has two children. THE PRINCIPAL OF HAMPTON. HE new principal of Hampton, James E. Gregg, succeeds Dr. Frissell and General Armstrong. Mr. Gregg was born in Hartford, Conn., in 1875 and was edu- cated at Cutler Academy and Harvard Col- lege, where he was graduated in 1897 after making a notable record for scholarship. He taught for three years and then studied for the ministry, first at Harvard and finally at the Yale Divinity School, where he was graduated in 1903. He has held three charges, one in Lowell and two in Pitts- field, Mass. Mr. Gregg has a wife and four children. AN ENLISTED MAN. HANNING H. TOBIAS was born in Augusta, Ga., in 1882. He was edu- cated in the public schools, at Paine College and at Drew Theological Seminary. Re- turning to Paine, he taught Biblical liter- ature for six years. During the past seven years he has been secretary of the In- ternational Committee of Young Men’s Christian Associations for work among col- ored students. He was a delegate to the World’s Student Christian Federation Con- ference at Lake Mohonk in 1913 and helped to organize the Negro Students Convention at Atlanta in 1914. He is executive secre- tary of the annual conference of students held at King’s Mountain, North Carolina. Mr. Tobias directed the recent campaign for the Students’ Friendship War Fund and collected $12,000 from fifty colored institu- tions.

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THE BURNING OF JIM MC ILHERRON AN N. A. A. C. P. INVESTIGATION By Walter F. White, Assistant Secretary oo facts given below were secured by Mr. White within the week following the burning of Mcllherron in interviews with a number of the citizens of Estill Springs, largely white, including the pro- prietors of several stores, farmers and oth- ers. The account is not a compilation of opinions, but is based upon statements of inhabitants of the town, some of whom were eyewitnesses to the burning. All of the ac- counts of the burning were given by white people. THE TOWN Estill Springs, the scene of the third with- in nine months of Tennessee’s burnings at the stake, is situated about seventy-four miles from Chattanooga, being midway be- tween that city and Nashville. The town itself has only two hundred inhabitants; with the territory within the radius of a half-mile, about three hundred. Franklin County, in which Estill Springs is located, had a white population of 17,365 and 3,126 colored inhabitants in 1910, according to the census. Estill Springs is not incorporated and, therefore, has no mayor or village officials. It is a small settlement located midway between the larger and more pro- gressive villages of Decherd and Tullaho- ma, each having about 2,000 inhabitants. Winchester, fifteen miles from Estill Springs, is the county seat. Estill Springs is made up of a small group of houses and stores gathered »bout the railway station. three blocks long. lishments are located on one side of this The main street is only Its few business estab- street. There is one bank, the Bank of Estill Springs, purely local in nature; a barber shop, a drug store and five general merchandise stores of the type indigenous to small rural communities in the South. The settlement’s sole butcher left on the day that the investigator reached there, to work in a nitrate factory in a nearby town as the butcher trade of the community was not sufficient to support hig shop. Simply stated, Estill Springs is one of thousands of small settlements of its type, poorly lo- cated from a geographic and economic standpoint and with little prospect of future growth. Its static condition, naturally, tends to make the minds of its inhabitants narrow and provincial. The people of the surrounding country are farmers and be- cause of the failure of the cotton crop last fall, occasioned by an early frost, corn was the only crop on which they made money. Such of the people as were interviewed were leisurely of manner and slow of speech and comprehension. : Paradoxical as it may seem, in the light of the event which has put Estill Springs on the map in a kind of infamy of fame, the settlement seems to have a strong re- ligious undercurrent. Small as the commu- nity is, it has four white churches, two Baptist, one Methodist and one Campbel- lite. In addition, there are two colored churches, one a Baptist and the other a Methodist, of which latter the Rev. G. W. Lych was pastor. There is a local Red Cross unit among the white women which 16 was knit num tions disp the Thr lotm erty of | the witl thei wea lan Mc! pop wel “sli wil upe apy twe to sul Ih wh opi the gel en ba

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a = we OSU N. A. A. was planning to inaugurate meetings to knit for the soldiers. In the windows of a number of homes, the emblem of the Na- tional Food Conservation Commission was displayed. The son of the proprietor of the only hotel is local agent for the sale of Thrift Stamps. The town purchased its al- lotment of both the first and second Lib- erty Loans. THE CAUSE OF THE TROUBLE About one mile from the railway station of Estill Springs, there lived a Negro by the name of Jim Mcllherron. He resided with his mother, several brothers and fa- ther, who bears the reputation of being wealthy “for a Negro,” as he owns his own land and is prosperous in a small way. The MclIlherrons do not appear to have been popular with the white community. They were known as a family which resented “slights” and “insults” and which did not willingly allow its members to be imposed upon by unfriendly whites. However, there appears to have been no serious trouble be- tween them and their white neighbors up to the time of the street fight which re- sulted in the shooting for which Jim Mc- Ilherron was later burned at the stake. One white woman expressed in a local phrase the opinion of the family when she said that the McIlherron family were “big-buggy nig- gers,” meaning that they were prosperous enough to have a few articles other than bare necessities, among these being a larger buggy than was common in the section. Most of the whites in the locality, it must be explained, were of the poorer country folk. Jim MclIlherron bore the reputation in Estill Springs of being a “bad sort.” It was gathered from remarks made that this implied that he shared the family charac- teristic already alluded to of resenting “slights” and “insults.” In other words, he was not what is termed “a good nig- ger,” which in certain portions of the South means a colored man or woman who is humble and submissive in the presence of white “superiors.” MclIlherron was known to be a fighter and the possessor of an automatic revolver. (Laws against “gun-toting” are observed in the breach, apparently, in this region.) He was, therefore, classed as a dangerous man to bother with. A little over a year before the lynching, he became involved in a fight C. P. 17 with his own brother in which the latter was cut with a knife wielded by the former. For this he was arrested by Sheriff John Rose, the sheriff of Franklin County. At the time of this affair, McIlherron threatened to “get” the sheriff if he was ever arrested again by that officer. It is an admitted fact in the community that the sheriff was afraid of McIlherron. Soon after the trouble with his brother, McIlherron went to Indiana- polis where he worked in an industrial plant, proceeding later to Detroit. In Detroit he had an attack of rheumatism and was forced to return to his home shortly before the shooting. His having lived in the North tended to increase his disfavor with the white people of the community, as he was credited with having absorbed during his residence there certain ideas of “independ- ence” which were not acceptable to the white citizens of this small rural com- munity. Sharing popular disfavor with Mcllher- ron was the pastor of the Methodist church in Estill Springs, the Rev. G. W. Lych. He had repeatedly advised the colored people to assert their right to be free from the petty tyranny alleged to have been imposed upon them by the white people, assuring them that they were made of the same clay and were as good as anybody else. THE SHOOTING On the afternoon of Friday, February 8, Jim Mcllherron went into a store in the town and purchased fifteen cents’ worth of candy. In Estill Springs it had been a habit of an element of young white men to “rock” Negroes in the community—i. e., throwing rocks or other missiles at them to make them run. This had occasioned frequent tilts between the races none of which, how- ever, had previously been serious. MclIlher- ron had been the victim of one of these “rockings” and had declared that if ever they got after him again, somebody was going to get hurt. When the trouble started on February 8, it was about five o’clock in the afternoon, in the gloom of early night- fall. It is probable that the Negro believed that they were after him again. He walked down the street eating this candy, going past Tate & Dickens’ store in front of which he encountered three young white men, Pierce Rogers, Frank Tigert and Jesse Tigert by name. As Mcllherron passed them a remark was made by one of the

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18 THE CRISIS young men about his eating the candy. The others laughed and several more remarks were made. At this the Negro turned and asked if they were talking about him. Words followed, becoming more and more heated, until threats began to be passed between them. One of the young men started into the store whereupon Mcllher- ron, apparently believing, as one of our white informants said, that they were pre- paring to start a fight, pulled out his gun and started shooting. Six shots were fired, two taking effect in each man. Rogers died in his tracks, Jesse Tigert died about twenty minutes later and Frank Tigert was carried to the office of Dr. O. L. Walker, Estill Springs’ only physician, where he received medical aid. The latter will recover, as his wounds are not serious. THE MAN HUNT Immediately after the shooting, McIlher- ron, in the attendant excitement, ran down the road leading toward his home. There was no immediate pursuit by the whites. Although everybody knew that he had gone to his home, the white people waited and sent all the way to Winchester, the county seat, some fifteen miles distant, at a cost of sixty dollars, to secure blood-hounds. When these arrived, they succeeded in tracking him only as far as his home, where the scent was lost. Intense excitement prevailed in the town as news of the shooting spread. In this chaotic state of affairs, no one seemed to know what to do and threats of lynching began to be made. A few of the cooler heads pleaded that the crowd allow the sheriff to handle the entire affair. Knowing of the sheriff’s fear of the Negro, the crowd greeted this suggestion with a derisive shout, and cries of “Lynch the nigger” an- swered this plea. Plans were laid to form posses to catch McIlherron. Word was sent to Sheriff Rose at Winchester, upon re- ceiving which he immediately left for Estill Springs. Shouts of “Electrocution is too good for the damned nigger,” “Let’s burn the black ——” and others of the sort rose thick and fast. Led by its more radical members, the mob soon worked itself into a frenzy; a posse was formed and set out on the man- hunt. Meanwhile, McIlherron had gone to his home, gathered his few clothes and pro- ceeded to thé home of Lych, who aided him in his flight. On two mules they set out in the direction of McMinnville, in an at- tempt to reach the Tennessee Central Rail- road where MclIlherron could get a train that would take him to safety. The preacher went a part of the way with MclIlherron and then returned to his home in Prairie Springs, a small settlement about twelve miles from Estill Springs. The news soon spread that Rev. Lych had aided Mcllher- ron in his flight and a part of the mob went to Prairie Springs to “get” him for this. Two members came upon him near his home. One of them pointed his gun at the preacher and pulled the trigger. The gun did not go off, and before he could fire again, Lych snatched the gun from his assailant’s hands, broke it and started towards the man with the stock in his hands, when the other man fired a charge into the preacher’s breast, killing him instantly. The hunt for MclIlherron continued throughout Friday night, Saturday, Sunday and Monday, large posses of men scouring the surrounding county for him. Monday night he was located in a barn near Lewer Collins River, just beyond McMinnville. The barn was surrounded and the posse began firing on it. The Negro answered the fire, this state of affairs continuing throughout Monday night. During this time McIlherron succeeded in holding off the crowd, whose numbers were rapidly aug- mented, when the news spread that the Negro had been located. In the hundred or more men in the posses were Deputy Sheriff S. J. Byars arid Policeman J. M. Bain. In the fusilade of bullets poured into the barn, McIlherron was wounded, one eye being shot out. He also received two body wounds, one in the arm and one in the leg. Finally, McIlherron’s ammunition gave out and, weak from the loss of blood, he was forced to surrender when the barn was rushed. When captured, the triumphant members of the mob carried him into Mc- Minnville. The feeling against him was so great that an attempt was made to lynch him in the town of McMinnville, but the citizens of that town refused to allow a lynching in their midst and were able to prevent it from happening. MclIlherron was, therefore, placed on Train No. 5, en route to Estill Springs, where he arrived at 6:30 P. M. on Tuesday. Snr uw dG S&S wom &® a om el Oo by oct tg

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, , ana aN THE CROWD In the meantime, news of the capture spread like wild fire and men, women and children started pouring into the town to await the arrival of the victim. They came from a radius of fifty miles, coming from Coalmont, Winchester, Decherd, Tullahoma, McMinnville and from the country districts. In buggies and automobiles, on foot, on mules, they crowded into the little settle- ment, until it was estimated that from 1,500 to 2,000 people were in the town. A high state of excitement prevailed as the time for the arrival of the train drew near. Threats of the torture to be inflicted were made on many sides. Boxes, excelsior and other inflammable material were gathered in read- iness for the event, and iron bars and pokers were obtained. Most of the crowd were grim and silent, but there were some who laughed and joked in anticipation of the coming event. Finally, the train drew near. MclIlherron was so weak upon arrival, from the loss of blood due to three wounds received in the battle with the posse, that he was unable to stand and had to be carried to the spot selected for his execution. The leaders of the mob decided that he should be lynched on the exact spot where the shooting oc- curred. He was, therefore, carried to this place where preparations for the funeral pyre were made. The cries of the crowd grew more and more vengeful as the mo- ments passed. Just as the arrangements had been com- pleted, a few of the braver spirits among the women of the town demanded that the Negro be not burned in the town itself, but be taken out a little way in the country. There were loud objections to this proposal from the now uncontrollable mob. The women insisted, in spite of these objections, and finally it was decided to carry Mcllher- ron across the railroad into a small clump of woods in front of the Campbellite church. This was done and the mob transferred its activities to the new execution ground. The self-appointed leaders of the mob by this time had great difficulty in restraining the wild fury of the crowd. They were con- stantly forced to appeal to them not to strike McIlherron or to spit on him, but to allow the affair to be a “perfectly orderly lynching.” The sister of one of the men N. A. A. C. P. 19 slain was in the mob and had become frantic in her pleas to the men to let her kill the Negro. She demanded that he be killed im- mediately, not to allow him to live another moment. It was evident that such a humane thing as instant death would not have ap- peased the blood-thirst of the mob, in its revengeful mood. THE TORTURE On reaching the spot chosen for the burn- ing, McIlherron was chained to a hickory tree. The wood and other inflammable ma- terial already collected was saturated with coal oil and piled around his feet. The fire was not lighted at once, as the crowd was determined “to have some fun with the damned nigger” before he died. A fire was built a few feet away and then the fiendish torture began. Bars of iron, about the size of an ordinary poker, were placed in the fire and heated to a red-hot pitch. A mem- ber of the mob took one of these and made as if to burn the Negro in the side. Mc- Ilherron seized the bar and as it was jerked from his grasp all of the inside of his hand came with it, some of the skin roasting on the hot iron. The awful stench of burn- ing human flesh rose into the air, mingled with the lustful cries of the mob and the curses of the: suffering Negro. Cries of “Burn the damned hound,” “Poke his eyes out,” and others of the kind came in thi « confusion from the mob. Men, women and children, who were too far in the rear, surged forward in an attempt to catch sight of and gloat over the suffering of the Negro. Now that the first iron had been applied, the leaders began eagerly to torture Mc- Ilherron. Men struggled with one another, each vying with his fellow, in attempting to force from the lips of the Negro some sign of weakening. A wide iron bar, red- hot, was placed on the right side of his neck. When Mcllherron drew his head away, an- other bar was placed on the left side. This appeared to amuse the crowd immensely and approving shouts arose, as the word was passed back to those in the rear of what was going on. Ancther rod was heated and, as Mcllherron squirmed in agony, thrust through the flesh of his thigh, and a few minutes later another through the calf of his leg. Meanwhile, a larger bar had been heating, and while those of the mob close enough to see shouted in fiend-

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20 THE ish glee, this was taken and Mcllherron was unsexed. The unspeakable torture had now been go- ing on for about twenty minutes and the Negro was mercifully getting weaker and weaker. The mob seemed to be getting worked up to a higher and higher state of excitement. The leaders racked their brains for newer and more devilish ways of in- flicting torture on the helpless victim. The newspapers stated that MclIlherron lost his nerve and cringed before the tor- ture, but the testimony of persons who saw the burning is to the effect that this is untrue. It seems inconceivable that any person could endure the awful torture in- flicted, however great his powers of resist- ance to pain, and not lose his nerve. The statements of onlookers are to the effect that throughout the whole burning Jim Mc- Ilherron never cringed and never once beg- ged for mercy. He was evidently able to deny the mob the satisfaction of seeing his nerve broken, although he lived for half an hour after the burning started. Throughout the whole affair he cursed those who tor- tured him and almost to the last breath CRISIS derided the attempts of the mob to break his spirit. The only signs of the awful agony that he must have suffered were the involuntary groans that escaped his lips, in spite of his efforts to check them, and the wild look in his eyes as the torture became more and more severe. At one time, he begged his torturers to shoot him, but this request was received with a cry of derision at his vain hope to be put out of his misery. His plea was answered with the remaik, “We ain’t half through with you yet, niz- ger.” By this time, however, some of the mem- bers of the mob had, apparently, become sickened at the sight and urged that the job be finished. Others in the rear of the crowd, who had not been able to see all that took place, objected and pushed forward to take the places of some of those in front. Hav- ing succeeded in this, they began to “do their bit” in the execution. Finally, one man poured coal oil on the Negro’s trousers and shoes and lighted the fire around Mc- Ilherron’s feet. The flames rose rapidly, soon enveloping him, and in a few minutes Mcllherron was dead. GEORGE McNEEL, LYNCHED IN MONROE, LA.. MARCH 16, 1918. THE GRAND JURY FOUND “NO INFORMATION SUFFICIENT TO INDICT” THE LYNCHERS, BUT THIS POSTCARD WAS SOLD ON THE STREETS “TO WHITE PEOPLE” AT 25 CENTS EACH. wil is f Mi. tee His oth in | pos the sut pai che dis the ter ers ar an col cal wi tui

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The Looking Glass LITERATURE. DGAR M. CULLEN, fozmer Chief Justice of the State of New York: “Jt will not be tolerated that when New York is forced to obey an Eighteenth Amendment, Mississippi may ignore or evade the Fif- teenth Amendment.” Benjamin Brawley, author of “A Short History of the American Negro” and of other works, has brought out “The Negro in Literature and Art in the United States” (Duffield & Company, 8 vo., 176 pp., $1.35, postage extra). This is an amplification of the last chapter in his short history. It supplies a want and is done in the author’s painstaking and readable style. His first chapter on Negro genius emphasizes the distinct art element in the Negro’s gift to BENJAMIN BRAWLEY the modern world. The five following chap- ters are devoted to individual colored writ- ers, while Chapter Seven is a review of Negro literature. The last five chapters are devoted to orators, the stage, painters and sculptors and music. An appendix contains an essay on the Negro in Ameri- can fiction and an excellent bibliography. We welcome this book not only for its pic- ture of the soul development of a race but, 21 also, for its own contribution to the new Negro literature. The North American Student has an ar- ticle by Channing H. Tobias: “Shall America Be Made Safe for Black Men?” We acknowledge the receipt of a book of poems in Spanish by Luis Felipe Dessus: “Flores y Balas.” THE WAR. HE London Spectator quotes from Sir Harry Johnston’s “The Black Man’s Part in the War”: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland rules more or less directly some 44,700,000 Africans, about 1,700,000 Afra- mericans in the West Indies, Honduras and Guiana, and about 338,000 Oceanic Ne- groes, Melanesians and Polynesians in the Pacific archipelagoes. And in addition the Daughter Nation of the South African Union governs another 4,000,000 of Bantu Negroes, Hottentots and half breeds; lastly, the Commonwealth of Australia and the Dominion of New Zealand are responsible for the safe keeping and welfare of about 400,000 Papuans, 150,000 Australoids and 100,000 Polynesians, Melanesians and Mic- ronesians. Our Asiatic subjects are more than six times as numerous, but our fifty-one million Negroes are not greatly inferior in num- bers to the sixty-one million white people within the Empire, and their help, freely and loyally tendered, has been most valua- ble. The author proves his case by taking each Negro country in turn, describing its races, and showing what they have done in the war. British West Africa naturally comes first. Nigeria alone contains over sixteen million Negroes, some of whom are among the best native troops that we have. The French Senegalese battalions have done magnificent service on the Western Front, and their southern neighbors under our rule have an equally fine record in the African campaigns. The Hausa of Nigeria and the Mandingoes of Gambia and Sierra Leone make first-rate soldiers, and have faced German troops and their machine-gun fire without flinching. Ebrima Jalu, a Mandigo sergeant-major in the West African Frontier Force, re- ceived the D. C. M. in 1916, for his gal- lantry in a severe action in the Cameroons. When his white officer had been killed, he took command of his sector and directed the guns for several hours until another officer could reach him. Sergeant-Major Ebrima Jalu is not the only hero of his race. It is good to know that all these West African troops, perhaps thirty thousand in number, are volunteers, and that they enlist with the warm approval of their people.

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22 THE CRISIS An Associated Press dispatch from Is- mailia, Egypt, speaks of the defense of the Suez Canal: In the territory between the outpost and the canal there are many well laid camps for thousands of troops. Everywhere there is intense but methodical activity. Neatly built wooden and steel buildings are located where only the Bedouin’s tent has stood before. Whistling locomotives and tooting automobiles go rushing past long strings of heavily laden and slow-moving camels and donkeys. Khaki-clad Australi- ans and English soldiers, Negro troops from the West Indies, robed and turbaned Egyp- tians, and Indians in their native garb, work together, forming an unusual picture with its desert setting. The wonderful showing made by the “Buffaloes,” the colored 367th Regiment of the National Army, as they recently marched up Fifth Avenue, brought interest- ing comment. The New York Tribune says: The parade of the Negro troops last Sat- urday recalled history. It recalled Shaw at the head of the freedmen who were to seal their courage and soldierly devotion in the assault on Fort Wagner. It recalled the great experiment of the Sixties in mak- ing disciplined fighters out of men who had known nothing but the abjectness of slavery and who were still confusedly classified, not as men, but as contraband. The Negro soldier proved his mettle in the Civil War. “The colored troops fought nobly” was more than a perfunctory phrase. It told an unvarnished truth. And the Spanish War brought added confirmation of the theory that the American Negro yields rank to none in capacity to master the trade and acquire the virtues of the soldier. He will show his worth again in this war —as great a war for human freedom as the one in which he fought in the armies of the North against disunion and for his own enfranchisement. The Evening Sun adds: The progress of the Negro regiment—the 3867th—through New York was marked with music. If the men fight as they sing, they will win their share in the final honors. Nobody who knows the history of their race doubts that they will fight. And aside from the personal contribution of the in- dividual soldiers, the folk-element that has entered into American life by way of Africa is not the least of the forces that help us all in a time like this. The spirit of the old slave songs may well be carried over, in a vicarious sense, to the cries of Belgium and Poland for deliver- ance. Long years have passed since the Negroes from their cabins and meeting houses lifted in music that voicing, as it were, of Heaven’s command: Let my peo- ple go! The freed children of the slaves are marching on to Germany, singing in a tone of doom the songs that prophesy freedom to those whom the Kaiser has enslaved. To many this is a dark hour. Therefore, it is the hour when faith in ultimate right is most needed. Such faith is found in these old camp meeting songs. The race that gave them to America is by no means out of the wilderness. But they march. That the song of the Negro is re-echoing in Europe is shown from a letter to Colonel Hayward from the head of a Red Cross base hospital “somewhere in France”: I want to express to you, and through you to the men of your band, the Fifteenth Regiment, New York, the great pleasure they gave on Saturday last to the patients in the base hospital to which I have been assigned for duty. Every window in the hospital was open; I may say every man straining his hearing not to lose a note. I have talked with a number of patients— there are about 750 of them, unfortunately —the nurses, doctors and corps men, about 1,000 in all; and I have yet to find a single one who does not seem to have been stim- ulated in spirit by just hearing those colored boys of yours play. That they came from little old U. S. A. was so much to the good. I don’t want to seem to lay it on too thick. I’m not when I say that I think every one who heard, who hears those boys play, is a better soldier and better able to help win the war. That the colored soldiers in the canton- ments are measuring up to every expecta- tion is proven in many ways. A writer in the New York Evening Mail says that they are acknowledged to be “the best drilled soldiers in camp.” The Greenville, S. C. News says editor- ially: The throngs who packed the streets of Columbia to see the soldiers parade on Washington’s birthday applauded the col- ored men in olive drab as much as anybody else—and that would not have been done if any ill-will were felt toward them, or if their conduct had not been excellent. A member of The News staff was present recently at a competitive shooting contest between picked teams from all the regiments and there noted the unexceptionable bear- ing of the colored men, several of whom were doing capital shooting. Incidentally it was learned that they are the best singers in camp, as is to be expected, for the race has been a singing one for ages. The quiet- ness and good order of these soldiers is very noticeable. It is easy to believe that they are making good soldiers and that they will make good fighters when they get to the firing line. The Des Moines, Iowa, Capital says: There are several thousand colored sol- diers at Camp Dodge prepared to be trained } | | | | | for pla are rep clas hus ant. ity sca) can pla any to | thei plet mai city the’ atte mu the He tun bur Pet be cou fus But cor har ore has ern full bett fro is € ers! sch are Wit bod of « hop the: the the: T tho 7,0¢ mer the: the this in | Car ser the drit

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. eS aS = _—“ THE LOOKING GLASS 23 for military service. They are from the plantations and fields of Alabama. They are not the aristocrats of their race. They represent the rank and file of the working class Negro of the South. Some of these husky young fellows are said to be ignor- ant. No doubt this would apply to a major- ity of them. They came here with rather scanty clothing and they were sent to a camp scarcely completed. They took the places assigned to them without making any compleint. They adjusted themselves to the circumstances. They have received their uniforms. Their habitations are com- pleted and they are comfortable. They re- main in camp. They are not seen in the city in large groups. They are quiet in their demeanor and make a specialty of attending to their own business. This com- munity is pleased with these samples of the common Negro of the South. William Pickens in the Baltimore Daily Herald discloses, however, some very unfor- tunate conditions at Camp Lee, near Peters- burg, Va.: Not being able to keep out Negro soldiers Petersburg next demanded that there should be no colored officers of any rank. Of course, the United States of America re- fused to sign any treaty with Petersburg. But today there is at any rate, no Negro commissioned officer at Camp Lee. And this brings us to the second and, per- haps, the greatest misfortune to the col- ored men. Not because the colored officer has pigment in his skin, but because South- ern conditions enable him to enter more fully into the lives of his men is he the better officer for colored soldiers—especially from the rank of captain downward. This is especially true in a community like Pet- ersburg.... Now, thirdly, even at Camp Meade, Md., there are a few colored boys in the officers’ school. But at Camp Lee the Negro boys are only servants and waiters in the school. With characteristic Southern sarcasm some- body picked the two best drilled companies of colored boys and sent them over as “bell- hops” .at the officers’ school. This takes these two companies about five miles from the rest of the colored soldiers, and isolates them... It is said that there are less than fifty thousand soldiers at Camp Lee and that 7,000 of these are colored. But in addition to other institutions maintained for white men by the Knights of Columbus and others they have eleven out of twelve buildings of the Y. M. C. A. The full significance of this will not be gotten unless you hold in mind the fact that a Negro soldier at Camp Lee can get absolutely no sort of service from the Y. M. C. A. buildings for the whites—not even a postage stamp or a drink of water. Those two companies of colored boys who are serving as waiters at the school for officers, though they are five miles from the building for colored men, cannot get from the Y. M. C. A. nearest them a piece of paper on which to write their mothers. Francis C. Sumner, Fellow in Psychology at Clark University, writes in the Wor- cester, Mass., Evening Gazette: The soul of black folk is already rent in twain, I tell you. Within the soul of each member of my race the conscious self is saying, Serve your country; while the un- conscious from out of the depths is thun- dering, you have a poor cause to serve. On the one side, the martial music and the tramp of soldiers exhort to arms and pa- triotism; on the other side, in moments of sweet, silent thought—the words “God, punish America” ring of salvation. What is to be done to reconcile these opposing forces within my soul? I realize that I am but half a man. I long for the one- ness of soul of Jean Paul Richter when he confesses, “I am with my country right or wrong; if right, to keep it right; if wrong, to set it right.” Robert N. Owens writes in the St. Louis, Mo., Post-Dispatch: Our President, as the spokesman of the American people, who has so nobly expressed our sentiments as to the rights of the op- pressed in other countries, realizing the staggering burden of the colored people of this nation, could greatly alleviate that burden by a word in our behalf at this time, for notwithstanding our unquestioned loyalty, the question that is first and upper- most in the minds of the vast majority of the black people of this country is, Are we included in this world that is to be made safe for democracy? If we are, there is no sacrifice too great; if not, then we are no longer freemen, but slaves. America can ill afford the cooperation of slaves. That the better South is being impressed by this thought is shown in the address of L. K. Favot of Baton Rouge, La., before white students at Shreveport: Those Negroes who are now defending our country will chafe under the restrictions we impose upon them when they come back. Are we going to consent to let these things rock along by remaining indifferent to them, or are we going to become informed and look the situation fairly and squarely in the face? I know a little of what they do in their lodges and churches. It surprised me to find what some of them are reading. I go into their schoolhouses and find a mag- azine called THE CRISIS, published by a noted Negro leader, an extremely intelli- gent, brilliant man... . We tell them we are the best friends they have; this magazine is teaching them to doubt this very seriously, and if we want to convince them that we are their best friends, we have to do something and not only tell them so on gala occasions. It is

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24 THE CRISIS up to the people of the South to study the ways and means of getting to the Negro the reasons why we are their best friends, and proving this thing to them. In the face of this, George Creel of Wash- ington is sending out stuff like this as “public information;” which the New York Independent feels constrained to print: They have thousands of propagandists among the Negroes, exciting them with stories of impossible atrocities committed against the colored people in the South. They are equally busy with attempts to in- cite the whites to Negro: lynchings, even while they are assuring the Negro that un- der the Kaiser the colored race will have social equality with the whites. “IMPOSSIBLE ATROCITIES.” ECENT atrocities in the South are, we regret to say, “impossible” only to Mr. Creel’s imagination. The Rt. Rev. Thomas F. Gailor, Episcopal Bishop of Tennessee, a Southern white man who has not been accused of pro-German- ism, writes in the Nashville Banner: I realize that it is futile to attempt by any written word to stem the tide of what seems to be the popular will; but a man ean, at least, declare his abhorrence of suct. atrocities. This kind of lynching seems to be becom- ing epidemic in our state. About two years ago a Negro from Fayette County was lynched most barbarously near Memphis, and parts of his body, according to the newspapers, carried away as_ souvenirs. Many citizens of Memphis protested, but they were ignored. Last winter a Negro man near Memphis was burned at the stake, gasoline was poured over his body, and his head was cut off and taken through the city streets as a trophy. Last fall a Negro was burned to death in Dyersburg, and thousands of white people stood by and gloated over his agonies. And now, at Estill Springs, we have another burning, where the white men in charge first tortured the miserable creature with a red-hot iron, ‘to break his will,” while the victim, already shot nearly to death, with one eye hang- ing out, screamed for mercy, and a thousand white men, with hundreds of women and children, looked on and were not ashamed. G. C. Brewer, an “Evangelist” of Win- chester, Tenn., writes in the same paper: I cannot overcome the feeling that our preachments against these things after they happen is more or less of a camouflage; a sort of defense against the criticisms of other states. Why don’t we stop these out- rages? Will there be any genuine effort made to apprehend and punish the members of the Estill Springs mob? We know there will not be any such effort. There never is. Was there any effort made to prevent mob violence in this case? Let us consider the facts: The Negro committed the crime Friday afternoon. He was not taken by officers till Tuesday forenoon. We all knew a mob was hunting him and that he would be lynched when taken. County officers were heard to say Friday night that he would be lynched. Newspaper reporters from Nashville came out to report the burning and followed the officers and dogs all night. Yet nobody came from Nashville or from anywhere else to prevent mob violence. The Negro was found in Warren County Monday, and men from Estill Springs had ample time to go to the scene. Tuesday morning newspapers carried the report that he was found and held at bay. He was captured, after having been wounded about 11 o’clock Tuesday, and the report reached Nashville in time to be published in the noon edition of The Banner. I was in Nash- ville and read the report while at luncheon. The Negro was taken to McMinnville and released by the officers of the law and com- mitted to the men from Estill Springs, who I am told, were not officers. These men with their prisoner waited for a train at McMinnville and then came on to Tulla- homa where they again waited for a train which leaves Nashville at 3:30 p.m. The train came, but did not bring anybody with authority to prevent mob violence. The men with the prisoner boarded the train for Estill Springs. The county jail is at Win- chester where he should have been incar- cerated and where his trial should have been held and that train came on to Winchester. Nobody in Winchester, however, was expect- ing the Negro brought there. The crowd had gathered at Estill Springs, for every- body knew what was to take place. On the streets of Winchester Evangelist Culpepper made a speech and begged people not to go to Estill Springs to witness the horrible sight. According to schedule the captors of the Negro got off the train with him at Estill Springs and there he was tortured and burned alive. Now, in view of all these facts, and I think they can be verified, it seems useless, nay, it seems weak and spineless if not hypocritical for us to send up a lugubrious wail about a certain class of ignorant and misguided people bringing a stain on our state and our South. We are guilty of criminal negligence, if not of acquiescence in the brutal deed, and we would as well confess it with bowed heads and take what the Northern papers give us. I doubt if they will give us more than we deserve. Yet let it be understood that I am a South- erner, a native of Tennessee, and my peo- ple on both sides were Confederate soldiers. I'll tell you there is no use in disguising facts. We all know that the common peo- ple of our state understand that nothing will be done when they lynch a “Nigger.” In fact, there is a sentiment among them—

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Sv —~werwrrtwv at n2OOnm @ ts Ser weet s, ot 1S id ir of ce I] at if re. h- 0- ng 0- ng THE LOOKING GLASS 25 I am one of them; I was reared among them . and I have had opportunity to see five lynchings in my life—that a community that would permit a “Nigger” to commit a brutal crime and escape lynching would be untrue to our traditions, devoid of chivalry and lacking in real manhood. No doubt of it. Of course, they always expect a few “high brows” and “sissies” to whine when they see the blood or hear the frying flesh, but the real men, the real sons of the South, the descendants of the Ku Klux are not go- ing to let a “Nigger” get by with such crimes. Perhaps the most illuminating document born of this whole horrible affair is a letter published in the Nashville Banner. It is without signature, but was mailed from the southeastern part of the state. The editor says: While the letter displays ignorance, pro- vincialism and prejudice, it does not come from the wholly illiterate class. The pen- manship is good and it gives generally indi- cation of rudimentary education. The writer evidently reads a daily newspaper. This is the letter verbatim: Dear Sir: I read your article in Chat- tanooga Times in regard to the negro Linch- ing at Estill Springs. And I want to say in reply that am very thankful that Estill Springs has got the nerve to hold up for her rights. What right has a negro to just walk up and shoot our white men and women and run over them in the most cruel manner, after the white man went to Africa and sent him to America and gave him all the Learning he has today? He was no more than an ape when he came from Africa. You went on far enough to put our Holy Bible down with such a low down thing as a negro Linching. Now if you want to use the bible in this matter why Not take it to a Bible stand- point? You said the negro was made in Gods own image, and the most prominent men of the day (Evangelists) claim that the white man is made in Gods own Image. Now the only way you can get any history as to the negro being any human, is that Cain when he killed his Bro. (Abel) he was sert to the Land of Knod, and there was a mark placed upon him so all Nations would know him, and he (the negro) is the only Black man we have, and it is surely the mark that was put on Cain. But now lets go a little further on. Was there any women in the Land of Knod? How could he have any wife when there wasn’t any women there? He surely had to get him an Ape for a wife didn’t he? Did you ever see the Skeleton of a negro and the Skeleton of an ape place together? I have, and you cant tell one from the other if you did not know. The Bones of each ‘is red and the Negro has no bone in his nose at all. Ive got one in mine and Surely if the Negro is an Image of God the white man is not, for surely he hasnt got two Images. So Thanks to Estill Springs for taking interest enough in their own Race to go and get the Negro. Let the conscience of America remember that it is this kind of person to whom the bishops of the church, the leaders of society and the editors of The Outlook have com- mitted the settlement of the Negro prob- lem! As the New York Nation says: Had any such item as this come out of Belgium or Armenia, we should know what to think of the unspeakable Germans and Turks responsible. A wave of horror would sweep over the country and there would be an extra rush to the enlistment offices. But when Americans thus debase themselves, nobody volunteers to end the evil, nobody speaks about it—at least, nobody who is white—and we complacently turn to the con- genial task of setting up democracy in Ger- many. “The application of red-hot irons” is now a regular feature of these tortures —this is the second of the kind within a couple of weeks. In the other case, the man’s eyeballs were slowly burned out— without even an apology to the Sioux. There is a Canadian soldier going around the country deeply stirring our rural com- munities with the tale of the crucifixion of three Canadians by German fiends. What reception would one of our black soldiers get if he were to lecture on the fiendishness of burnings in the South? NEGRO ART. E XTRAORDINARY note is being taken today of the artistic side of Negro life, particularly in music and dancing. Karleton Hackett says in the Chicago Even- ing Post: The only distinctive thing in our music, which is the spontaneous product of our soil and without trace of European influ- ence, is this curious syncopated rhythm known as ragtime—and how the elect do rage about it still as a noxious weed in their carefully tended garden of art! Yet being a plant indigenous to the soil, and conse- quently of hardy growth, it thrives despite them, and to my way of thinking will plague them more and more as time goes on, until, mayhap, it will come to be recog- nized as no weed but of worth as an out- flowering from our land. If high-sounding words could have killed, it long since would have withered, but it waxes daily and is forcing its way into our symphony halls. If only some of our pains- takingly imitative art had the vigor of this condemned outlaw!

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“DOING THEIR BIT,” A MIDNIGHT AUDIENCE AT THE BOOKER WASHINGTON THEATRE, ST. LOUIS, MO. THE ENTIRE PROCEE! TOBACCO FUND OF THE COLORED DRAFTEES A

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i = & ° & w I H < Be a & wes am & be °o 2° & & = a - °o ~ e C te & °o m ° oO fy = & mM [oa a oI te < a o be be me & z n a ne fe) oO ° ~ pe a < E a °o Bb n A P i mu <q o 15] < n vad iw EH tae =< P= ba A Be Po °o ow Wy 2.

JOING THEIR BIT.” HE ENTIRE

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“THE BUFFALOES" Underwood & Underwood. THE 367th (Colored) INFANTRY OF THE NATIONAL ARMY WITH COLORED LINE OFFICERS MARCHING UP FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK 28

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THE LOOKING GLASS 29 A writer in the Cedar Rapids, Iowa, Re- publican says of Burleigh’s arrangement of Negro Folk songs: There are nights when overhead rises a star-set dome, a gem encrusted surface, and there are other nights when the stars lie deeper, when the blue-black distances be- tween are deep as night itself. The simple versions of these spirituals are charged with religious ecstasy, but it is shallow, as ephemeral as an April shower, while: the arrangements under discussion attain a so- lidity that causes us to suspect that in them the Negro voices a religious security as old as creation. Older than hope, deeper than grief, more tender than tears, more sub- stantial than eternity—the utterance of a race unshaken in faith though subjected to earth’s vilest torments. The depth which has been added to these songs is a universal quality which may remove them from the Negro as his peculiar property, and give them to the world at large. Mr. Burleigh has preserved them in har- monies that belong to modern methods of tonal progression, but these progressions have not pressed out of the melodies their racial flavor. The wild grape has been transformed into a delicious wine. Finally, Max Endicoff tells of a mid-night pilgrimage to a New Jersey city in the New York Call: A single spluttering gas flame spit a spiral wave of sooty smoke toward the low ceiling and shot a yellow circular wave into the darkness, thrusting deep shadows into the corners. Up against the bar and alongside the walls a dozen Negroes, or more, lounged with that easy animal grace, so naturally inherent to them. They all maintained a strange quietude, with only an occasional sibilant whisper tearing through the silence like a streak of lightning across black skies. All eyes were centered attentively on a young buck and a wench, in close embrace, going through a rhythmic dance interpretation of the hiccoughing music that stuttered from a chronically asthmatic player-piano. But what was this music on the cylindri- cal roll, with its queer hieroglyphic ex- cisions? Was it a popular dahce tune, a rag-time melody, a jazz strain or a tune- ful hymn? Oh, no. It was nothing less than the prelude and liebestod from Wag- ner’s “Tristan and Isolde.” And it was to this intense, surging and tumultuous cry of love passion that the two young Negroes pirouetted with an in- conceivably imaginative conception of ap- propriate movement of the limbs. Consid- ering the rhythmless character of the music (from a terpschorean point of view) the performance was amazing for its audaci- ousness and _ precocity. And _ equally astounding was the cool, nonchalant atti- tude of the onlookers, who critically studied each movement of the dancers and quietly commented upon ‘them among themselves. The Negro is finding an opening door in the field of dramatic art. This is as it should be—for true art knows no color line. Three groups of Negro players who have appeared on the New York stage during the past two years have given evidence of that fact. The Lafayette Players, composed entirely of Negro actors, have played in a house located in the distinct Negro district of New York City and patronized largely by Negro theatre-goers. The Negro Players, composed entirely of Negro actors, have played Ridgely Tor- rence’s works in two houses located in the distinct theatre district of New York City and patronized largely by white theatre- goers. A third group of Negro actors presents a different phase of this interesting field of art. This season has brought to New York the beautiful and colorful “Chu Chin Chow,” a musical tale of the East, in which thirty and’more Negro actors work along, side by side and in pleasing harmony, with their upwards of two hundred co-workers of vari- ous races—a veritable assemblage of peo- ples of both hemispheres. These Negro actors take well their parts—from the small brown-faced smiling lad of eight, who dis- ports himself in his Eastern habiliments while carrying the weighty bags of treasure, to the overgrown and loud-mouthed “Son of the Bean Seller in the Streets of Ancient Bagdad.” But way and above and beyond her kinsmen and distinctly one of the out- standing characters of the entire cast stood Matty Thomas, who, until her recent and unexpected and lamentable death, took the part of “Bostan, the half-witted servant whose dialect no one understands but her mistress.” The New York Times said: The serving woman in Ali Baba’s house speaks only in some uncouth and unintelli- gible jargon, but with an expression so char- acteristic, so eloquent, that one seems to understand and rejoices that such evil is not conveyed in words. Ron New York Evening World commented thus: The work of the young Negro girl, Matty Thomas, who plays the réle of Bostan, the half-witted servant of Mahbah, shows skil- ful training. This girl was among a score or more who answered an advertisement for “supers” for “Chu Chin Chow.” Mr. Swete picked her from the mob, and she made good. She speaks nothing but a jumble of Arabian words taught her by Mr. Swete. But even funnier than her per- formance is the fact that she was a Tenth Avenue laundress before she worked her way to the stage, a Madam Sans Gene, as it were, with a touch of color. It is Matty Thomas whom THE Crisis presents as a cover page to its readers.

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The Horizon MUSIC AND ART. HE combined choral and orchestral so- T cieties of ‘the six Higher Institutions for Negro Education in Atlanta, Ga., which included a chorus of five hundred voices, gave an intercollegiate benefit concert on March 22. rector. C Henry F. Gilbert’s “The Dance in Place Congo,” ballet pantomine after a story of old New Orleans by George W. Cable, was one of two novelties presented in March at the Metropolitan Opera House. The New York Times heralds Mr. Gilbert’s work, not only as “all American,” sincerely and gen- uinely based on the folk songs of the Amevican Negro, familiar Southern tunes in an artistic score, but as “the most art- istic piece of Negro ragtime rhapsody Broadway has shown.” Kemper Harreld was the di- @ No other American composer has writ- ten so prolifically or sincerely or with deeper sympathy after the Negro idiom than Henry F. Gilbert, who declares the true American yet in the making and who will’be a fusion of all races in a perfect one. C@ The Anglo-African was represented on the program of the Bristol Musical Club, Bristol, England, by Coleridge Taylor’s “Fantasiestiick.” C Coleridge-Taylor’s “Drake’s Drum,” a part song, was sung in Plymopth, England, at a concert given by a choir of twenty male voices, musicians in the R. N. Air Serv- ice, under the direction of Cecil Moon. C The Soldiers’ Unit of Boston, Mass., con- nected with the Circle for Negro War Re- lief, gave three Sunday afternoon musicales in March. The churches offering their au- ditoriums were Ebenezer Baptist Church of Boston, the First Universalist Church of Everett, and the First Parish Unitarian Church of Cambridge. Volunteer talent in- cluded Mme. Estelle Clough, Adah Gaskin Mason and Gertrude O’Neal, soprano; Will- iam H. Richardson, baritone; Maud Cuney Hare, pianist; Louisa V. Jones and Clarence Cameron White, violinists. @ Marion E. Anderson, contralto of Phila- delphia, Pa., was heard in a recital at the an Twelfth Baptist Church, Boston, Mass., on March 14. @ “The Seven Last Words,” by DuBois, was given by the Howard University Choir at Rankin Memorial Chapel, Washington, D. C., on March 24. The soloists were Mar- garet Rhodes, soprano; Roland W. Hayes, tenor, and Frank Harrison, baritone. @ Madame Marie Selika, first coloratura- soprano of note of Negro blood, received a hearty welcome at The Guardian Benefit Concert, Monroe Trotter, Editor, on March 21, at Shawmut Congregational Church. C Musical Courier says of the singing of William H. Richardson at the Theodore Schroeder Salon-Musicale, held on March 3 —*“The colored baritone, William H. Rich- ardson, was heard in a modern French song, ‘Le Portrait,’ Schumann’s ‘Two Grenadiers’ and ‘Go Down, Moses,’ a Negro spir- itual by H. T. Burleigh. His rich and re- sonant baritone is a genuine pleasure to hear. Careful training, deep thought and a broad interpretative sense were marked features of his singing.” @ Emily Harford, Sylvia Fairweather and Kathleen Narelle appeared recently at a music-lecture recital at the Music School Settlement for Colored People, New York City. During March, James Weldon John- son gave an address on “The Negro in Music and Art.” Remarks were made by the noted American violinist, David I. Man- nes, and Rev. F. A. Cullen. Musical illus- trations were given by Mrs. Blanche Deas Harris, soprano; Ethel Richardson, pianist, and William Butler, Jr., violinist. C One thousand soldiers of the 367th col- ored infantry gave a concert at Manhattan Opera House after the triumphal march of the regiment up Fifth Avenue. C Musical instruments of all kinds, includ- ing violins, ’cellos, guitars, banjos, mando- lins and brass or mouth instruments, are needed by the colored musicians of the Nine- ty-second Division. They may be sent to Captain Sam Bucklew, Camp Funston, Kan. q At the April concert of the Schola Can- torium, Carnegie Hall, New York City, Ne- gro folk-songs, newly collected by Natalie Curtis Burlin, were presented. poe a Ste su pre rec les

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oo Ta OMe REN THE HORIZON 31 ( Colored regimental bands at Camp Meade have developed unusual efficiency and re- ceived wide commendation by their play- ing. C A patriotic festival, “Who Follow the Flag,” was given in Princeton, N. J., by pupils of the Colored Public School. @ Mae C. Porter gave a recital to six hundred people in the City Hall Auditorium, Dallas, Texas. She presented a gold medal to Daisy Young for the best song on the program. C Joseph Douglass, the violinist, appeared at Talladega College recently in selections from Coleridge-Taylor and Kreisler. He was accompanied by Carl R. Diton. @ Genevieve Quivers played Mendelssohn’s Concerto in G Minor at a recent recital of the Goudey Music School, Stockton, Cal. @ Frederick D. Allen will exhibit oil paint- ings at the annual exhibition of the Toledo Federation of Art Societies at the Toledo Museum of Art, April 7 to May 7. qc W. H. Graham, a colored man, was awarded third place for his composition, “March Militare,” in the National Army Musical Contest held at Camp Funston, Kans., among one thousand contestants. Lieut. John Philip Sousa was the judge. C The “Birth of a Race” photoplay corpo- ration, which has been promoting a film based on the life of the late Booker T. Washington, has gotten in trouble with the State of Illinois, by not complying with its law as to the sale of stock. They have is- sued a circular which makes a number of prominent people appear as officers and di- rectors and have promised large returns. Julius Rosenwald has threatened suit un- less his name is withdrawn from their cir- culars. @ The rendition of Faust at the Lafayette Theatre, New York, and at the Howard Theatre, Washington, D. C., by colored play- ers was an unusually commendable presenta- tion. The Mephisto of William B. Townsend and the Marguerite of Abbie Mitchell mer- ited especial mention. @ On April 3, Roland W. Hayes, tenor; William H. Richardson, baritone; and Maud Cuney Hare, pianist, gave a recital of jubi- lee, folk-lore and classical selections at New Nixon Theatre, for the benefit of the Arctic Avenue Branch of the Y. M. C. A., Atlantic City, N. J. ( The Sedalia Singers, quartet of women’s voices from Palmer Memorial Institute of North Carolina, appeared in a concert at Jordan Hall, Boston, Mass., assisted by Roland W. Hayes, tenor. William S. Law- rence was the accompanist. @ Melville Charlton was musical director of the opera “Martha,” rendered at the Wal- dorf-Astoria, March 14, in New York City. MEETINGS. HE Colored Druggists’ Association of the District of Columbia, has held its annual session. Dr. W. C. Simmons is head of the organization. q A Southern publicity committee, with members in every Southern State, has been organized by liberal white Southerners, headed by James H. Dillard and Mrs. John D. Hammond. The aim is to give pub- licity to facts concerning co-operation and good will between the races. ( Five thousand colored people from all parts of Georgia attended a food conserva- tion convention in Atlanta. Schools were closed and the Governor made a speech. @ A conference on Negro education, at- tended by the presidents of leading colored colleges of South Carolina, was held at Orangeburg. @ Seven hundred delegates attended the Laymen’s Missionary Movement of Colored Churches in South Carolina. ( The New Orleans Public High School for Colored People has held its first public ex- ercises. @ The State Medical and Pharmaceutical Association of Colored Doctors met in New Orleans, May 1 and 2. q@ A summer school will be held at the Ne- gro A. & T. College at Greensboro, N. C., June 24 to August 3. C The Louisiana Negro Civic League held a conference in New Orleans last month, for better school facilities, higher wages, children’s playgrounds and the suppression of mob violence. THE WAR. — Recreation Club for enlisted men in South Carolina has become affiliated with the Fosdick Commission and is known as the Charleston Colored War Camp Com- munity Service. Dr. Hulda Proileau is general chairman of the activities. @ The Mary Church Terrell Red Cross Aux-

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32 THE CRISIS iliary has been formed by colored women in Sioux City, Iowa. The members have pledged to complete fifty pairs of pajamas each week. @ Seventy-five Negroes in Pittsburgh, Pa., have formed a Home Defense League. Frank Sutton is chairman of the movement. @ The drafted Negroes at Camp Gordon, Atlanta, Ga., form the 514th Engineer Serv- ice Battalion under Major Sydney Smith of New York. @ Over four hundred relatives and friends attended an “at home,” given the colored officers at Camp Dix. @ The War Recreation Board has opened a club for Negro soldiers at Camp Zachary Taylor, Louisville, Ky. Prof. A. E. Mey- zeek, Principal of the Booker T. Washing- ton School, is chairman of the Club Com- mittee. @ Seventy-five thousand Negroes have al- ready been certified for service in the Na- tional Army, or eight per cent of the total enlistment. Of every one hundred colored men called thirty-six were certified for serv- ice, as against twenty-five out of every one hundred white men. @ The Chicago Daily News has presented the 370th colored regiment, under Colonel F. A. Dennison, a stand of colors. INDUSTRY. — Payton Apartments Corporation has been formed of Negroes to buy the six elevator apartment houses for Negroes in Harlem, New York, the property of the late Philip A. Payton, valued at $1,500,000, from the Philton Holding Company. In the com- pany are E. C. Brown and Andrew F. Stevens, bankers of Philadelphia; W. H. C. Brown, Emmett J. Scott, and Heman E. Perry, President of the Standard Life In- surance Company of Atlanta, Ga. @ The United Brotherhood of Elevator and Switchboard Operators in New York City has become affiliated with the American Federation of Labor. ( The Negro Commercial Association, Inc., of Denver, Colo., has opened a grocery store and issued The Colorado Progress, edited by the Rev. Messrs. D. E. Over and H. B. Brown. It aims to advance mercantile in- terests among the colored people. C In Charleston, S. C., colored women are being employed to load and unload freight cars and as carpenters. At the Immigra- tion Building five hundred colored women are engaged in the manufacture of clothing for the navy. At Savannah, Ga., forty col- ored women have been employed for sewing and as cleaners and helpers. At Bruns- wick, Ga., hundreds of colored women are employed in the shrimp and oyster can- ning factories. @ The Farmers’ Co-operative Mercantile Company of Mound Bayou, Miss., reports for 1917 resources of $41,994. It has a capital of $8,000, undivided profits of $12,- 373, and its sales during the year amounted to $62,361. The stockholders bought their shares at five dollars and have received three dollars in dividends on every share, besides being credited with $12.70 in un- divided profit. C A labor union of colored employees of the stockyards has been started in Chica- go. @ Among the 1,275 men employed at Hog Island, near Philadelphia, during the first week in March were 450 colored men. C The immigration officials of Canada have decided to import colored West Indians, rather than Chinese, to supply the labor shortage. @ Negroes from the Bahama Islands are to be imported into this country as farm laborers. C The thirtieth annual report of the Be- rean Building and Loan Association of Phil- adelphia, Pa., shows that during the year 1917 its income was $105,196 with a balance of $3,002. Its assets, consisting of mort- gages, stock loans, cash and real estate, were $267,888. The expenses of running the association for the year amounted to $879. SOCIAL PROGRESS. 7 Associated Charities of Pittsburgh for the first time in its history is em- ploying a colored social worker, Edith L. Spurlock. @ Negroes of Atchison, Kans., under the leadership of W. E. Gray, John Kelly, Lloyd Kerford, Clyde Briggs, and others, recently secured over $1,500 for a community house for Negro troops at Camp Funston. @ Two Negroes have been added to the St. Louis, Mo., police force: Charles John- son and John Kunz, — ae woe Oe reas ea BPaoanmaranrzr, &2AMAGFvws Aco @

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wwe OY — wow ss = WwW THE HORIZON 33 C Colored janitors of the Court House and Hall of Records, Los Angeles, Cal., have been restored to the charge of a colored chief, L. G. Robinson. @ A model apartment house has been op- ened for Negroes in Springfield, Mass., through the activities of St. John’s Church, of which the Rev. Dr. W. N. De Berry is pastor. C Of the $4,000,000 budget of the Y. W. C. A. for war work $200,000 will be used for work among Negro women and girls, which would seem to be one-half their rightful quota. q A Catholic Negro Hospital has been es- tablished in Memphis, Tenn. In nine months 284 patients have been received. It has lately added a training school for nurses and a free dispensary. C A recreation center for colored girls has been opened by the Recreation Association at the Dart School in Charleston, S. C. ( The Baltimore Branch of the colored Y. M. C. A. has a membership of over eleven hundred. @ Public School No. 89, in the Harlem sec- tion of Manhattan, on February 1 had sold $4,080 worth of Thrift Stamps. There are over 1,800 Negro pupils in the school. C A twenty days’ drive for an increased membership for the colored Y. M. C. A. in New York City resulted in an addition of 535 members. @ The chairman and clerk of the local Ex- emption Board of Talliferro County, Ga., have been removed by President Wilson for discrimination against Negroes. @ A second separate street car bill has been killed in the Louisville, Ky., Board of Al- dermen. @ The United Brothers of Friendship, a colored fraternity, has erected a fifty thous- and dollar building in Houston, Texas. C The Mercy Hospital and Nurses Train- ing School has been opened in Detroit, Mich. (@ Hampton claims the championship in the basketball season, having defeated the Dun- bar High School, Shaw, Carlisle, Lincoln and Howard. C A delegation of Negroes, led by Bishop W. D. Chappelle, of the A. M. E. Church, has been received by President Wilson. A petition asking that lynching be made a Federal offense, was presented. @ The National League on Urban Condi- tions Among Negroes has received a fund of $3,200 for social welfare work in East St. Louis. 6 C White citizens of Tennessee have formed a Law and Order League to stop lynching by a campaign of education, including lit- erature, lectures, etc. @ The State of Ohio maintains no library at its Columbus Penitentiary. All the books are donated by the public and various pub- lishing houses. Gifts of books in which col- ored prisoners would be interested may be sent to Chaplain T. O. Reed, Ohio Peniten- tiary, Columbus, Ohio. @ The House of Representatives of Ken- tucky has submitted a constitutional amend- ment making sheriffs and jailers responsible for prisoners taken from their custody. @ The extraordinary decisions of the New York Court of Appeals interpreting the Civil Rights Law have been noted. Two decisions have exempted bootblack stands and saloons, while the third decision opens parks and dance halls. A comprehensive amendment of the law has been passed by the Legislature and will probably be signed by Governor Whitman. @ The Executive State Council of Defense of West Virginia has appointed thirty col- ored men and women as an Auxiliary Ad- visory Council of Defense. J. C. Gilmer, former State Librarian, is the secretary and directing head with offices in the State House at Charleston. @ The Woman’s Reformatory of Kansas City, Mo., is putting colored matrons in charge of the colored girls. They must have good common school education and will receive from $600 to $780 a year and maintenance. Applicants should apply to the Superintendent, 2015 Vine Street, Kan- sas City, Mo. @ A world’s record for bread-baking has been established by Baking Company No. 328 of the Quartermaster’s Department of the National Army. The bakers are com- posed of men from the Tenth and Twenty- fourth Infantries. They are established at Camp Cody, Deming, N. M. EDUCATION. — Legislature of New Jersey has ap- propriated for the fiscal year from July 1, 1918, to June 30, 1919, $93,900, in- cluding earnings, for the Bordentown School.

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34 THE This amount includes maintenance and per- manent improvements. @ Twenty-five students graduated from the four-year-coutse at Kortrecht High School, Memphis, Tenn. C A benefit for Manassas Industrial School has been held in New York at Aolian Hall. Mile. Guiomar Novaes, Brazilian pianist, gave a recital. q A colored public school to cost $170,000 with the site is to be erected in Baltimore. @ The report of the John F. Slater Fund for the year ending September 30, 1917, shows appropriations of $30,150 for county training schools, $12,000 to Hampton and Tuskegee, $9,150 to private secondary schools, and $17,500 to colleges. The in- come from the year 1916, including a bal- ance from previous years, was $127,523. @ The annual public trial given by the Law Department of Howard University, devoted its proceeds to the Manassas Industrial School. @ Mather Industrial School, Beaufort, S. C.. celebrated its fiftieth anniversary, March 23. @ Fifty thousand dollars has been appro- priated for a new colored public school in Augusta, Ga. @ The Colored Central High School of Shreveport, La., has raised $1,016 for an auditorium. Newton Smith, a colored far- mer of Caddo Parish, contributed $500. @ The fourth annual oratorical contest of the A. & I. State Normal School, Nashville, Tenn., has been held. @ Two thousand dollars each was willed to Tuskegee Institute and the Calhoun School by the late Mrs. E. C. Farnham of New York City. @ Nearly three hundred colored communi- ties in Alabama have complied with con- ditions laid down by Julius Rosenwald and raised enough funds to receive his aid in building school houses. @ The District of Columbia has purchased fourteen hundred copies of Miss L. E. Wil- kes’ “Story of Frederick Douglass,” to be used as a literature primer for pupils of the seventh grade. q A campaign for raising $65,000 for four Negro schools is being made in Texas. THE CHURCH. RELIGIOUS census of men of the 366th Infantry, Camp Dodge, Iowa, taken January 30, 1918, showed 1841 Bap- CRISIS tists, 816 Methodists, 279 other church mem- bers, and 519 without church affiliation. @ Second Baptist Church in Detroit, Mich., has been destroyed by fire. The property, valued at $75,000, was insured for $20,000. C Mother Zion A. M. E. Church in New York City has celebrated its 122d annual reunion. C During the year 1917 the Catholic church raised $135,013 for its Negro and Indian missions. To this the United States Gov- ernment added for Indians $142,629. The mission work among Negroes covers 112 churches with 123 priests and 150 schools; 7,454 persons were baptized during the year and 17,183 children taught. The Cath- olic church claims 105,053 communicants in the thirty cities where its mission work is being carried on. PERSONAL. OHN R. MecNEIL, a colored man, has been appointed Inspector of Hydrants in New York City at a salary of $1,500. @ James A. Hunster, who has been an em- ployee of the Cincinnati Gas & Electric Com- pany for forty-seven years, has been pen- sioned. @ G. A. Sheehy, colored, of Philadelphia, Pa., has been appointed inspector of Leather for the Government. @ The town of Andy, Texas, has been granted a new post-office and by special legislation the name has been changed to Cuney, in honor of the late Norris Wright Cuney, a widely known colored Republican politician. @ Ersol William Martin, a colored mem- ber of the Naval Reserve Corps of South Philadelphia, was killed on the Von Steuben, formerly the raider, Kronprinz Wilhelm. He was eighteen years old and a volunteer. @ Dr. Daniel S. Balekehu, of the Yoo tribe in Central Africa, who came te America in 1905 and is a graduate of Meharry Medi- cal College, has been appointed Chief of Resident Physicians at Mudgett’s Hospi- tal, North Philadelphia. @ Mannie Taylor, of Florence, S. C., “some- where in France,” has been promoted to a corporalship. C Charles H. Williams, of Hampton In- stitute, has been selected to make a study of recreational activities for colored sol- diers in the sixtecn cantonments. He will work under the Phelps-Stokes Foundation tad Oo MOAADH & —mam ae eo le lS CUB

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THE HORIZON 35 and the Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America. q@ Ann Meneese, of Nashville, Tenn.,-is dead at the age of 119. Half of her life was spent in slavery. Two sons, thirteen grand- children, fifteen great-grandchildren, and three great-great-grandchildren survive her. @ Rosa Nixon, head of the Art Depart- ment at the Normal School in Montgomery, Ala., has accepted a place in the Colored High School in Baltimore, Md. @ Francis Kane, a member of the Twenty- fourth Infantry in France, has been given the red, white and blue salvage medal for catching a spy. He has three colonial med- als for bravery and distinguished conduct. Several times he has been wounded in bat- tle. @ James Thompson, colored, of Louisville, Ky., has been given a verdict of $6,000 against the New York Central Railroad Company for permanent injuries. @ Roscoe McKenney, a freshman at Bates College on a scholarship from Dunbar High School, Washington, D. C., has been chosen one of twelve from a class of 120 to com- pete in a public speaking contest. C William A. Huskerson, a graduate of the Engineering School of Howard Univer- sity, has been appointed Municipal Engineer and Inspector of Public Works of the Dis- trict of Colon, R. de Panama. He has ac- cepted a contract from the government to construct a twenty-mile road from New Providence to Colon. q Attorney Robert’ L. Vann, of Pittsburgh, Pa., has been appointed Assistant City So- licitor. @ Oswald Garrison Villard addressed a mass meeting of colored people of New Orleans. C DeWitt Purdue, a well-to-do colored West Indian, has left his library to the Colored High School at Huntington, W. Va. @ Charles Eaton Burch, of Bermuda, who was educated at Wilberforce, has received his Master of Arts degree in the Depart- ment of English and Comparative Literat- ure, Columbia University. His thesis was “A Survey of the Life and Poetry of Paul Laurence Dunbar.” @ Dr. W. E. B. DuBois has been lecturing to audiences aggregating over four thousand persons in Harrisburgh, Pa.; Dayton and Youngstown, Ohio; Detroit, Mich., and Syr- acuse, N. Y. @ Matty Thomas, the star of “Chu Chin Chow,” died recently in New York City. Her funeral was attended by members of her company. Cc A colored soldier, A. G. Coles, of Hali- fax County, Va., died recently at Camp Lee and left his little son his insurance of $10,000. The soldier’s parents are prosper- ous farmers owning two hundred acres. @ Chaplain Clifford L. Miller has been as- signed to the Tenth Negro Service Battalion at Camp Lee, Va. @ Sergeant R. W. Overton has been sent to the Officers’ Training Camp for Aviators at Camp Funston, Kans. @ The Rev. Mr. G. W. Arnold, District Superintendent of the Atlanta District in the M. E. Church, is dead. @ Celia Parker Wooley, head of Frederick Douglass Center and a prominent social worker in Chicago, is dead. C Captain J. E. Dunjill has replaced Cap- tain W. R. Spencer as head of former Com- pany L, Sixth Massachusetts Infantry. C F. Q. Morton, Assistant District Attor- ney of New York County, is in charge of the drawing of indictments for the Grand Jury and has made an exceptional record. He was recently given a dinner in New York City, where white and colored people representing the Bench and Bar, united to do him honor. Judge J. F. Mulqueen, of the General Sessions; the Hon. William S. Bennett, ex-member of Congress, and Will- iam H. Lewis, ex-Assistant Attorney-Gen- eral of the United States, were among the prominent persons participating. @ Sergeant J. R. A. Crossland, Jr., was buried with military honors at St. Joseph, Mo. @ John H. Brown, a colored private of the regular army, has been made Second Lieu- tenant at the training camp, Camp Sherman, Ohio. @ Governor Manning, of South Carolina, addressed a Negro race conference in Co- lumbia. @ Hugh Bess has been appointed baggage master of the Union Station at Charleston, W. Va. Forty daily passenger trains use the station. @ Miss Florida Thomas graduated with honors from the Lucy Flower Technical High

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36 THE School, Chicago, Ill. She was a mem- ber of the Wiseacre Club, a_ school society which required its members to have an average of 95 per cent in all subjects. Miss Thomas will continue her studies at the Chicago Normal Teachers’ College. @ James M. Morris, an attorney at law at Staunton, Va., has been especially com- mended by the chairman of the draft council for his work in preparing the colored registrants. @ George Mattlock, a private of the 25th Infantry and champion gunner, Hawaiian Island, has defeated contestants from three regiments. C R. J. Smith, of Hartshorn, Okla., a prom- inent member of the United Mine Workers and various colored organizations, is dead. @ The City Council, of Urbana, Ohio, has a Negro member, J. A. Brown. @ Dr. Charles A. Martin has been elected vice-president of the Board of Health of Muncie, Ind. @ John Borden, a colored farmer in Golds- boro, N. C., is the father of thirty-five children, fourteen of whom are serving is the Army. @ Dr. Mary L. Brown has been commis- sioned by the Red Cross Society to go to France. Dr. Brown received her medical education at Howard, and took a_ post graduate course at Edinborough, Scotland. @ Margarita E. Lewis graduated from the Wendell Phillips High School, Chi- cago, Ill., with honors. During her four year course she maintained an average of 90 per cent. Miss Lewis has entered the Chicago Teachers’ College, having made an average of 92 per cent. on her entrance examination. FOREIGN. 2 ipa Municipality of Port-of-Spain has an elective council, four-fifths of the members of which are colored men, four of them being physicians, two barristers-at- law, one a solicitor, and one a prominent merchant. @ The London Observer has published a list of twelve Negro officers in the West African Forces who have been decorated for bravery. @ The National Party of South Africa, composed of Boers, has protested against Lloyd George’s speech with reference to self- determination by the Aborigines of South Africa. CRISIS @ His Royal Highness Daudi Chua, King of Uganda, has been decorated by King George ‘with the Order of St. Michael and St. George. @ The Governing Council of the South Afri- can Native College has held its annual meet- ing. The Rev. Mr. James Henderson, M.A., was re-elected chairman. The college was open nine months and had thirty-one stu- dents. CRIME. OVERNOR CATTS, of Florida, and members of the Board of State Insti- tutions, have leased 789 convicts, most of whom are Negroes, to the highest bidder. The state will receive $360 per year for the hire of each prisoner. Cd Emma Vigil, a thirteen year old white girl of Spokane, Wash., played truant from school and attended the movies. She then bit and bruised her arms and told a terrible tale of being kidnapped by a Negro. The police were notified and started to hunt for the black man, when the girl broke down and acknowledged that she had lied. @ The 450 colored vaudeville performers in the country are not admitted to the Na- tional Vaudeville Association, but are to be “permitted” to have an affiliated organiza- tion and elect their own officers. @ Two Catholic hospitals of Detroit, St. Mary’s and Providence, refuse to receive Negro patients, although the former re- ceives city funds. Even sick folks from the colored Catholic church are not ad- mitted. @ The Supreme Court of Tennessee has upheld damages awarded certain white women, because between Memphis and Lit- tle Rock, Ark., three colored women ate in the same dining car on the Rock Island road. @ At Vicksburg, Miss., a Negro boy who stole a bicycle was given five years at hard labor, while a white man who stole $1,900 was given two years. C The following lynchings have taken place since our last record: @ Monroe, La., March 16—George McNeel, hanged for alleged attack upon a white woman. @ Crawfordville, Ga., March 22—Spencer Evans, hanged; he was convicted of crim- inal assault upon a colored woman at the February term of court and sentenced to be hanged, but a mob took him from jail and lynched him. @ Lewiston, N. C., March 26—Peter Baze- more, for alleged attack upon a white woman. | {

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THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 37 Standard Life Insurance Company 200 Auburn Avenue Atlanta, Ga. Old Line (Not Fraternal—Nor Assessment) Legal Reserve Fifth Annual Statement To the Policyholders and Public Insurance in Force $5,174,491.00 Gain for 1917 $1,844,491.00 Total Income 203,266.10 (Premium and Interest) Gain for 1917 82,198.10 Admitted Assets 334,222.33 Gain for 1917 89,052.20 Policy Reserve and Other Liabili- ties 186,028.08 Gain for 1917 64,742.08 Surplus to Policyholders 148,194.25 Gain for 1917 24,310.25 Comparative Statement Number Insur- Policies ancein Premium Death Legal Admitted Surplus to Year. In Force. Force. Income. Losses. Reserve. Assets. Policyholders. COIR ods 481 $381,500 $10,293.68 None $7,639.00 $116,701.90 $104.198.00 DOIG s oii 5:0 1,622 1,205,000 37,329.92 $2,625.00 22,545.61 131,248.48 106,730.00 IOT5...... 2,580 1,944,910 71,664.65 11,222.00 51,779.46 159,152.71 104,585.00 MONO. Ss 4,069 3,330,000 114,794.08 19,012.91 119,353.67 245,170.13 123,884.00 TQBF. 5:50 5 6,172 5,174,491 193,066.35 32,760.40 181,078.43 334,222.33 148,194.25 The Company that gives to the race PROTECTION—INVESTMENT—EMPLOYMENT. STANDARD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY Home Office ATLANTA, GEORGIA Mention THe Crisis.

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THE CRISIS ADVERTISER FUVUNEUANETUTUSTA TTT TTEENOOOOUTONENOOTOYOENUOOORNUOED TOOT 1000100001 n SOUTHERN AID SOCIETY OF VIRGINIA. Inc. Sells Insurance That Protects . Insurance that covers the whole field of life’s emergencies in one policy: Sickness, Accident and Death, and perpetual in payments for disabilities. Of all investments that of insurance is the safest, because it pays at the crucial moment—it is not subject to the money market or the rise and fall = and bonds; but pays promptly upon the death of each policy- older. Then why not select the best that is to be had—a policy that pays every week with Southern Aid Society of Va., Inc.? Also owning and operating the Va. Beneficial & Insurance Co., Inc., at Norfolk, Va. Read a few testimonials from the thousands that are on file at home office in Richmond, Va. DREW $217.50 SICK BENEFITS and $500.00 DEATH CLAIM Richmond, Va., July 2, 1917. To Whom It May Concern: This is to certify that my wife, Mrs. Lelia V. James, 1104 Chaffin Street, was a member of Southern Aid Society of Va., Inc., for six and one-half years. During this time, she was sick on several occasions and whenever she reported her illness to the Society, she received her sick dues promptly. Her last illness extended from the latter part of November, 1916, to June, 1917. The Society sent her money to her bedside each week, from Decem- ber 6, 1916, to June 6, 1917, and at her death paid over to me the Death Claim of $500.00. I take pleasure in recommending the Southern Aid Society of Va., Inc., to anyone who wants a sure policy of protection all through life. Respectfully yours, GEORGE JAMEs, Husband. CLARENCE JAMES, Witness. $500.00 DR. THOS. A. STEVENS’ DEATH CLAIM 1007 Sixth St., Lynchburg, Va. Southern Aid Society of Va., Inc., February 10, 1917. Richmond, Va. Gentlemen: Kindly accept my sincere thanks for your check of $500.00 in full pay- ment of death claim of my husband, Dr. Thomas A. Stevens, who died Feb- ruary 6, 1917. The above named check was delivered to me Thursday, Feb- ruary 8, 1917, by your superintendent, Mr. R. D. Burton. I shall always speak in the highest terms of your company, and pray God’s blessings upon the work. Respectfully, MRS. THOMAS A. STEVENS. Southern Aid Society of Virginia, Inc. HOME OFFICE: 527 N. 2nd St., Richmond, Va. District offices and agencies in all the principal cities of the State. INSURES AGAINST SICKNESS, ACCIDENT AND DEATH. A. D. PRICE, President. THOS. M. CRUMP, Secretary. B. L. JORDAN, Asst. Secretary. Mention THe Ce’s1s, = ,

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THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 39 THE NORTH CAROLINA MUTUAL AND PROVIDENT ASSOCIATION Home Office, DURHAM, N. CAROLINA ea The Oldest, Largest and Strongest Old Line Legal Reserve Negro Life Insurance Company in the World Abstract from Financial Statement for 1917 Shows: Total Income—1917 624,794.31 Total Disbursements—1917 523,915.70 INCOME OVER DISBURSEMENTS 100,878.61 Admitted Assets 358,363.97 Liabilities (Including $258,918—Legal Reserve).. 270,801.51 Unassigned Funds (Surplus) 87,562.46 INSURANCE IN FORCE $11,157,472.00 $130,000.00 DEPOSITED WITH INSURANCE DEPART- MENTS For the Protection of the Policyholders Amount Paid in Claims Since Organization $1,736,504.50 Your Chance to Buy Stable Life Insurance from $500 to $5,000. POLICIES WITH ALL MODERN PROVISIONS, IN- CLUDING A PERMANENT DISABILITY CLAUSE. John Merrick, President A. M. Moore, M. D., Sec’y and Treas. C. C. Spaulding, Vice-President and General Manager J. M. Avery, Assistant Gen’] Manager E. R. Merrick, Ass’t Sec’y Mention Tue Crisis.

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40 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER WHY NEW YORK REAL ESTATE GROWS IN VALUE When it is realized that the permanent increase in popula- tion of New York in one year was 400,000 equaling the population of Cleveland, Ohio, some idea of the tre- mendous growth of the city is appreciated.—National Magazine. PUT YOUR DOLLARS IN IMPROVED NEW YORK CITY REAL ESTATE You have heard of the Payton Apartments, Nos. 117-127-135 West 141st Street, and Nos. 130-140-148 West 142nd Street, New York City, the finest owned and controlled by colored people in the world, set aside for the tenantry of colored families. A proper idea of the magnitude of this proposition can be had only by taking into consideration that these houses cover a tract of over two and one-half acres, or thirty-three full city lots. These six large, modern, de luxe elevator apartment houses contain 306 apartments, 1466 rooms, and will house more than 1500 people. They were constructed at a cost of one and a half million dollars. The Payton Apartments Corporation, incorporated under the laws of the State of New York, with a capitalization of $250,000.00, was organized to take title to these valuable properties. The Directorate of the Corporation is made up of the following well known men: E. C. Brown, President, is a Banker and Real Estate Operator of Philadelphia, Pa. Andrew F. Stevens, Vice President, is a Banker and President of the Home Extension Insurance Association of Philadelphia. Emmett J. Scott, Secretary and Treasurer, is Secretary of Tuskegee, Alabama. He is also one of the Assistant Departmental Heads at Washington. W. H. C. Brown, Director, is an Investment Banker, Washington, D.C. Heman E. Perry, Director, is President of the Standard Life In- surance Co., Atlanta, Ga. We have published a little booklet, illustrated, telling all about this remarkable proposition. It tells how for as small a sum as five dollars a month for a few months you can become a part owner in the largest real estate proposition in the world undertaken by Negroes. Send for Booklet today. It is free for the asking. E. C. BROWN COMPANY Investment Securities 427 S. BROAD STREET PHILADELPHIA, PA. Mention Tue Crisis,

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THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 41 De white man he got ha’f the crop Boll-weevil took de res’! Ain’t got no home, Ain’t got no home. O find better homes and better jobs Negroes are migrating to northern industrial towns. But too often their search is rewarded with living and working conditions that are littleimproved. George Edmund Haynes, educational secretary of the National League on Urban Con- ditions among Negroes, writes two articles on Why Negroes Move North THE SURVEY NATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WORK 112 E. 19th Street, New York City Price $3 a year With The Crisis $3.50 Mention Tue Crisis.

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42 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER Here Is What We Offer An opportunity to become part owner in the new Dunbar Theatre, on the corner of Broad and Lombard Sts., Philadelphia, now being constructed at a cost of nearly Four Hundred Thousand Dollars. The Dunbar Theatre, in addition to being one of the handsomest and most modern theatres in Philadelphia, will be the best located of any colored theatre in the United States. It is situated on the theatrical street of Philadelphia — Broad Street —four squares from City Hall; quite near the Wanamaker store; within the shopping and financial centres; three squares from the famous Forrest Theatre; two squares from the South Broad Street Theatre, Academy of Music, and the new million dollar Shubert Theatre. The Dunbar Theatre will be located at the beginning of an almost solid community for a long distance, beginning with Lombard Street and extending South and West, and having a population of nearly 150,000. No better location could be secured in any city in the United States. From a pure sense of real estate value, no better site could be selected. Real Estate in central Philadelphia, only four squares away, brings $10,000.00 a front foot; at Broad and Locust Streets, two squares away, $9,000.00 a front foot; at Broad and Pine, one square away, $4,000.00 a front foot. Broad and Lombard Streets of “today” will be Broad and Locust Streets of “tomorrow”; so certain is the real estate in this district to advance in value. Colored theatres, or rather theatres employing colored talent and appealing directly to colored patronage, when located in cities where there are large colored populations, have long since passed the experimental stage; and in every instance they prove big money makers. Do you want to share in the enormous profits that will be derived from this money-making undertaking? DO YOU WANT TO BECOME A PART OWNER OF THE HAND- SOMEST— THE MOST MODERN—BEST LOCATED AND LARGEST THEATRE OWNED BY COLORED PEOPLE IN THE WORLD? Do you want to become part owner in a theatre located on the finest street in Philadelphia —a theatre where colored people can go and witness high class performances without suffering the humiliation of being segregated to the gallery? FINALLY, DO YOU WANT TO MAKE MONEY? DO YOU WANT YOUR DOLLARS TO WORK AS HARD FOR YOU AS YOU WORKED FOR THEM? If you do, send us your name and address, and we will show you how a few dollars monthly can be invested safely and profitably. This information will cost you nothing — but may mean hundreds of dollars to you. Write to-day. E. C. BROWN COMPANY Investment Securities 427 S. BROAD ST. PHILADELPHIA Mention Tue Crisis. its vo pr m in ar

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THE CRISiS ADVERTISER ROLAND W. HAYES, Tenor Recitals Concerts Oratorio Oo His voice is rich, pure, free and gracefully lyric; a itself easily to dramatic passages. Not only has he a voice that many might envy, he also has the gift of inter- pretation. He catches almost instinctly the mood of the poet and composer.—Philip Hale, in Boston Herald. He combines a pleasing and well trained voice, particu- larly well used, with notable ability to express the mean- ing of his songs, excellent enunciation and love for his art.—Boston Traveler, Address: 130 Boylston St., Boston, Mass. LULA ROBINSON-JONES Soprano Available for Concerts Telephone 6393 Morningside New York City 126 W. 134th Street FLORENCE COLE-TALBERT Soprano “She has one ef the best voices that Ged has given her race.” —Los Angeles Times Engagements accepted for Concerts, Recitals, Oratorio 93 Locust Street, Detroit, Mich. Clarence Cameron White VIOLINIST “Critics are one in their high estimate of the splendid attainments of Clarence Cameron White and his Con- cert appearance in your city means the musical event of the season.” For terms and dates address 616 COLUMBUS AVENUE BOSTON, MASS. Harry A. Williams. Pupil of Delle Sedie and Sbriglia—Paris Denza and Tosti—London. VOICE CULTURE Coaching and Repertoire French and Italian Songs a Specialty. 174 West 14l1st St., New York City. Telephone Audubon 8009. Theodore Drury Costume Song Recital Transcontinen- tal Tour. Local Managerson line with Albany, Cleveland, De- troit, Chicago, St. Louis, Den- ver and San Francisco. Address: DRURY AS HIAWATHA Shawmut Booking Agency O67 Shawmut Avene Besten, Mass. Records of Negro Artists Do you own a phonograph of any make and have you tried to purchase records which would bring to your home the singing and playing of the best Negro artists? Of course you were of- fered records of popular airs and popular music and possibly a few records of quartet songs by Negro singers. But that wasn’t what you wanted. You wanted to bring to your home and to your family and to your friends the voice of the individual Negro singer or the playing of the in- dividual Negro performer who would take high rank among the invisible makers of music and singers of song whontthe phono- graph has brought to cheer your spare moments after the grind of the day’s work is done. At last this is possible. Roland W. Hayes, the acknowledged leading singer of the Negro race, has brought out his first record and he has plans for many others in the very near future. Nothing else could so well introduce the series as the favorite and plain- tive Negro melody “Swing Low, Sweet Chariot” This record sells for $1.50 and can be used on any machine us- ing disc records. Address: ROLAND W. HAYES 130 Boylston Street Boston, Mass. Mention Tue Crisis. 43

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44 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER Atlanta University Studies of the Negro Problems 19 Monographs Sold Separately Address ATLANTA UNIVERSITY CONFERENCE ATLANTA UNIVERSITY :: ATLANTA, GA.

The Curse of Race Prejudice By James F. Morton, Jr., A. M. _An aggressive exposure by an Anglo-Saxon char pion of equal rights. Startling facts and crushing arguments, ‘Fascinating reading. A necessity for clear understanding and up-to-date propaganda. Be longs in the library of every friend of social justice Price 25 cents. Send order to JAMES F. MORTON, JR. 211 West 138th Street -: New York, N. Y. $25.00 PER WEEK oe made in commissions by potion handling of Negro Soldiers in Spanish-Americat ar” combined with “History of the Negro Race’ 0 pages, 50 illustrations, Price $1.25 net. Address: E. A. JOHNSON 184 Nassau Street

NEW YORK

| RUTH, THE GLEANER € | An Opera in Five Acts by J. A. BUTTERFIELD Presented by THE AIDA CHORAL SOCIETY With a chorus of forty voices in elegant costumes and scenic effects. Under the direction of: , Sidney Woodward, tenor of international fame, at Star Casino, 107th St. & Park Ave- nue, New York City, on Thursday evening, June 6, 1918. Miss Cleota J. Collins, a pupil of Lila Robertson of the Metropolitan Opera Com- pany, will appear in the leading role. oaanensgene nt onevonncnpeenuepanecancouesystucnenenacescsetensensoesecnrngcregneaty

NED oF ah re-5:0'n.0% ese ooosande $ .50 Boxes seating twelve............ 5.00 2 a. SD nis wus e oak ea 4.00 - * eight... . Boxes on sale at the Music School Settle- ment from 2 to 10 P. M., also at 163 W. 143d St., Apt. 4 and from the members of the Choral, ‘ortavornvnscunngnenansasuocovotsnceaverancesueognnaveeessnien Sevvvssvsernvensoeavvennersanevuneesecetcsnntensennin oe o So MM

sunenuensoennuennorenvunnvansecenceen avnnennenn - THE MUSIC MASTER New music monthly for colored folk edited by Wellington A Adams. “Good idea,”’ say Carl Diton and Clarence Cameron White. Intended as a mouthpiece for colored musicians and designed to foster organization among them and to encourage young composers and musicians. A PRIZE—$5.00 GOLD AWARD for the best music composition by a colored musician is offered in our May issue Send for copy and be our agent among teachers, pupils, etc. Address The Editor, 1911 9th St.. N. W., Washington, D. C. $1.00 a year. 10 cents a copy. 12c. by mail.

evuennoavontusuasoennin a0

Mention

| Have You Read “Morning Meditations and Other Selections” Bishop R. A. Carter, A.M., D.D.? If you have not, send for a copy today. It is a book for thoughtful pastors. It is a store- house of good things for aspiring young men and women. The book contains the choicest of the Bishops’ sermons and addresses deliv- ered to colleges, secret societies, General Con- ferences, etc. The. sermons to the Odd Fel- lows and Knights of Pythias on their thanks- giving occasions have been pronounced by competent critics masterly expositions of the principles of these orders. You will enjoy reading “Dreams and Dreamers,” “The Uni- versal Law for Stars and Souls,” “The Three Downward Steps in The Ministry.” More than 200 pages beautifully bound in cloth. Now in its Seconda edition. Price $1.25 a copy. Agents wanted. Liberal terms to the right persons. Order from Bishop R. A. Carter 398 Auburn Avenue, ATLANTA, GA. Agents Wanted fe"roSr" ts Hon. Frederick Douglass Historical and Epigramatie. Absorbing in interest; Inspiring in effect; Epic in subject and replet: with incident. One Hundred and Eight Verses--Illustrated. De Luxe Edition $1.00. Write for terms. Enclose a 8c stamp. By Dr. M. A. Majors, 4714 Siate St., Chicage, Ill. THE NEGRO IN AMERICAN HISTORY Contains 296 Pages, 85 Chapters, Historical and Biographical, 17 Full Page Illustrations Printed on Fine Antique Book, Bound in Full Green Extra Cloth, Gold Title on Front Cover and Shelf Back. Price, net $1.25. Postage Prepaid $1.40. Order through any bookseller or direct from the author. Address JOHN W. CROMWELL Washington, D. C. 1439 Swann St. I will be through your territory soon Kindly save your orders for me W. H. HARLESTON Made to measure CLOTHES NEW YORK

Tur Crisis

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THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 45 If It Is For Your Lodge WE HAVE IT! We manufacture Lodge Regalia for every i. Fraternal Society. Cash or Installment s } Plan. Cheapest Badge House in the Count- Pe dry. Catalogue for your Society FREE. By? CENTRAL REGALIA CO. The Negro Regalia House. JOS. L. JONES, Pres, N. E. Gor. 8th & Plum Cincinnati. Ohio LOOK ! Busts of Booker T. Washington, Fred Douglass, e Paul Laurance Dunbar and Bishop Richard Allen reduced from $1.50 to $1.00 each for 31 days, beginning May 1 at 7 o’clock A. M., closing May 31 at 10 o’clock P. M. A fortunate pur- chase of raw material permits us to make this offer for 31 days. SEND AT ONCE.

The Isaac Hathaway Art Co. 718 S. Hickory Street Pine Bluff, Ark.

Hale Infirmary and Nurse ’ s e Training School The Colored Teachers’ Bureau $28 Lake Street, Montgomery, Alabama. Will Help You Get A Better Paying Position. Hale Infirmary School of Nursing offers to in- REGISTER NOW REASONABLE TERMS or youns . between the age . “fae an irty-five a three years’ course in the profes- ° sion of nursing. Students of this school are eligible Address: Colored Teachers Bureau to Alabama examinations for the degree of R. N. Box 22, Wilberforce, 0. For further information apply to the superintendent. Tue press THE BIG FOUR BON TON BOOKS ona Wate and Waiters The Southern Chef—$2.00. All Southern, Creole, Indian and Orienta! dishes. The Broadway Chef—Salad Book—$2.00. All the new Salads, Dressings and Condiments. The Bon Ton Waiter—$1.00—On sale now. Concensus of service by the best American and European headwaiters. The Bon Ton Tailor—$5.00—Second Edition. For Tailors, Dressmakers, Cleaners and Dyers. DALLAS GURLEY, ‘2"5x7-5v< ys2"s,ce8ere¢ 436 Lenox Avenue, New York City

EXCELLENT OPPORTUNITY for Men and Women School of Mechanical Dentistry Complete in Eight Months. Night or Day Write for Booklet, etc. A. 0. BRANSON & CO., 52 W. 135th St., New York City

Mention Tue Crisis.

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SST RCO = SV ep O ZO 3 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

PREPARATIONS Sor, the HAIR The culmination of the genius <Vlorth more than it (osts of Mme C. J. Walker is her wonderful Hair Grower and in itself is a wonderful creation for dandruff and falling hair. In fact, it invigorates dry and lifeless hair, stimulates circulation, thereby causing a new growth. Mme C.J. Walker’s Preparations are all now packed in SQUARE YELLOW BOXES with Mme. C. J. Walker’s Seal and Signature on each outside package, which is YOUR GUARANTEE LL Mme. C. J. WALKER’S Inventions are re- ae iable because they re- store and beautify the {j hair without injury to the scalp and are used and endorsed by thousands of Hair Dressers, Scalp Spe- cialists, throughout the known as the Hair Dressers, | having a diploma from the Lelia College of Hair | the Walker trade-mark as a guarantee that you are getting Culture which signifies = Mme. C. J. Walker's , HERE is nothing iG imaginary about the World-Wide Fame of Mme. C. J. Walker’s Ultra-Quality Prepara- tions. None genuine without Mme. C. J. Wal- ker’s seal and signature, We have gone to a great deal of expense to put these preparations up in new cardboard boxes, seale the genuine Mme. C. J. Preparations which are “worth 110 W. 136th St. New York more than they cost. For Mail Orders and Information Address Mme. C. J. Walker M’f’g Co., Main Office, 640 N.. West Street, Indianapolis, Ind. Mention Tue Crisis.

Ny \)\ K ) JORG ‘0 €9' INS OOK 7; be iS eS HA PO “as FON v C) NOme te)

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THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 47 THE STENOGRAPHERS’ INSTITUTE 1227 So. 17th Street Philadelphia, Pa. Shorthand, typewriting, bookkeeping, business law, multigraphing, mimeographing, etc. _ Every man can rise from where he is to higher heights. Grit your teeth and rise in spite of all storms of discouragement. Let us aid you to rise to a $1,000 height and then you can go alone. $1,000 and $1,200 appointments in the Government Service through Civil Service Competit ve Examinations for Typewriter Operators and Stenographers. The following students have been ap pointed since last September: Richard H. Hill, Jr., at Norfolk, Va.; Miss Helen L. Milton and Jimmerson R. Williams, at Philadelphia; Mr. H. H. Hocutt, Washington, D. C:, now in Philadelphia: Miss Henrietta D. Seth has been certified at $1,000; Mr. Herbert C. Nelson is now receiving a salary of $1,650 at Philadelphia; Miss Ruth Bacon is on eligible list. We shall be pleased to advise graduates of other schools, who need no further training, free of charge. Summer School opens June Ist and closes August 31st. A three-months’ course for public school teachers. Free Employment Service.—Persons desiring work as Clerks, Stenographers, or Domestics (no matter what school they are from, or where located) may file their applications with us and we shall be pleased to put them im touch through correspondence with employers, anywhere, desiring their service. Employers are urged to apply to us when in need of clerical or domestic aid. We are placing hundreds of people in positions, annually. Enclose stamp for reply. EDWARD T. DUNCAN, President

LADIES WANTED Smart, ambitious, hustling women to enter business. Clear $15.00 to $25.00 per week. Easy—pleasant. 1 will show you how. Dr. BELL, 4709 State St., Chicago, Ill. 9 French Dressmaking, Ladies’ Tailoring and~ Millinery. Special Courses in Designing, me Copying, Draping, Making, T rimming, Fin- e ishing, Cutting and Fitting. A PRIVATE BOARDING SCHOOL FOR SPECIAL TRAINING. Individual Instruction. Write for Catalog. 4221 OAKENWALD AVENUE, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

WE ARE NOW GIVING THE COURSE BY CORRESPONDENCE Special price for sixty days only $15.00, payable $10.00 with application and $5.00 when diploma is granted. Send $1.00 for thirty days’ trial treatment. We teach only one person in a town, she teaches the rest. Our

MAKES YOU O raduated t ki Gaeta a ot SS Ae AND BEAUTY CULTURE y}) y- SO DERMO COLLEGE CO. 19 East 43d St. Chicago, Ill, AGEN | Ss soe WEERLY AGENTS WANTED | Apres, nee gel, on igo pac plore ewer age to nore ‘pete, cred Mai neemsen cagwr~ “re co ais Feateries Bids. Toledo -HUSE SALES COMPANY, ATLANTA, GA. Inside Back Cover Mention Tue Catsis.

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4d THE CRISIS. ADVERTISER “INDEPENDENT” STYLOGRAPHIC PEN ‘Secs cciscticks DOES NOT LEAK OR BLOT Price $l. ae 1 ? Cut Wie mrt T a owe 1 ‘ shows y % size It cannot be excelled for the business Each pen is accompained with full directions, filler man, teacher, student or in the home for in and cleaner and fully guaranteed to give absolute sat- writing. It is especially serviceable for the isfaction. Address, A. Holland, Box 3806. Phila, Pa SITUATIONS WANTED MOTHER’S HELPER A Young woman with a baby desires to tat eee make her home with a cultured Christian sceetnie woman; small remuneration or privilege to . do outside work. Cheerful disposition and Standard Teachers’ Agency friendly interest essential. Suburbs or (Established 1897) country north of Washington, D. C., pre- ferred. Address M. F. G., in care of the 1011 New York Avenue, Washington, D. C. CRISIS, 70—5th Avenue, New York City. Beauty for Women CLEAR, SMOOTH SKIN —-PERFECT HAIR FREE FREE Famous Deluxe Beauty Book, illustrated and complete. Sent to you postpaid free of charge. Tells all about the Kashmir Way and describes the wonderful methods which hundreds of women are using to get A Kashmir Girl pretty skin and hair. You can do the same. 5 or 10 minutes a day caring for your skin and hair the Kashmir Way will bring wonderful results. You Won’t Know Yourself in a few days. WRITE TODAY ‘ DON’T SEND ANY MONEY KASHMIR CHEMICAL CO., pept.x Room 419, 312 So. Clark Street Chicago, Ill, vn Buy Your Holiday Goods Now HAND MADE NATURAL HUMAN HAIR WIGS Transformations, Switches, Puffs, Plaits, Bangs, Coronet Braids, that can be combed the same as your own hair. Human hair for sale by ounce or pound. Hair NETS. We Carry the Largest Stock in Electric Combs Mail Orders sent to any part of the U. S. or B. W. I. Send 2c for catalog. MME. BAUM’S HAIR EMPORIUM, Inc. Pennsylvania Terminal, P. O. Box 145, New York City Mention Tue Crisis. STI Prepa Short manst

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THE CRISIS ADVERTISER AGENTS WANTED! MADE SELLING leachiers, make terms; students, male or female, $1 per hour. act today. AUSTIN JENKINS COMPANY, munisters, Iverybody buys— PROF. KELLY MILLER’S new eee of Colored People widow its casy to sell, 523 Ninth Street; $3 to $12 Per Day Ss, married | women, anyone w.th spare time, can salesmans sample and liberal WASHINGTON, Send 25c for D. C. STENOGRAPHERS WANTED All Races Prepare in the best school of its kind in the State Subjects Shorthand, Typewriting, Bookkeeping, English, Pen- manship, Civil Service Training, and SPANI 18H. COMMERCIAL CLASS Lenox Community Center—at PUBLIC SCHOOL 89 Lenox Avenue and 135th 8t., New York City. Open All Year—Four Evenings Weekly. Fitz W. Mottley, President. TEACHERS A live agency furnishes the connecting medium in a busi- ness way between teachers and schools and relieves teachers of the embarrassment of job hunting. We have had calls for teachers from Alabama. Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Mary land, Mississippi, Missouri, New York, North Caro lina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia and West Virginia. THE MUTUAL TEACHERS’ AGENCY 1408 New York Avenue Washington, D. C 100 CALLING CARDS 50 CENTS Calling and Business cards are good sellers at al) seasons of the year. Liberal commissions. Write for samples and agent’s terms. The House of Chowning, Indianapolis, Ind. HOTEL WASHINGTON First-Class Service for First-Class Peop'e 3427 South Park Avenue, Chicago, Ill. HOTEL DALE CAPE MAY, N. J. Comfort and Elegance without Extravagance This Magnificent Hotel, Located in the Heart of the Most Beautiful Seashore Resort in the World, is replete with every modern improvement, superlative in construction, appointments, serv- ice and refined patronage. Orchestra daily, garage, bath houses, tennis, etc., on premises. Special attention given to ladies and children. Send for booklet. E. W. DALE, Owner Open June 20th. Closed September 10th. THE OCEAN HOUSE Sea Isle City, N. J. This hotel is right on the ocean front. It has wide porches, large conservatory dining room where one has a beautiful view of the ocean while dining. Every room opens on the ocean. Special rates for July. Mrs. Lucy Lee, proprietor, 5 Plain St., Elmhurst, L. I. Address after June Ist, Ocean House, Sea Isle City, N. J. Bell telephone con- nection. Beautiful Idlewild The most wonderfully ideal spot where young and old cast aside for the time all the cares and worries teeming with game fish of the best varieties Do you enjoy bathing, boating, fishing, hunting? Do you enjoy roaming through the woods picking wild flowers and wild berries? Do you want a place to go where you can build up your health, vitality, energy and business efficiency? Do you enjoy mingling with the active, thinking. Progressive people of the day—people who do things? Do you believe in progress and do you want to have @ part in one of the most progressive move- y Good live energetic “es: agents wanted af £ Idlewild Resort Company Mention Tas Carsss.

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co . $18 Seuth Frankiin Street, Chicage THE CRISIS ADVERTISER oe bead’ ges quick. GashProfits:22"%* 7 genie in one Ga Write tor” = otkowich made Chicago Tallors Association Dept. K-17 Not $1.00, not even 50c, not one cent cost to you under our easy conditions. No extra for fancy, swell styles, no extra — buy a suit or pants few our ‘aicias les _— new offer. Agents of other wr.te, we sesamabertaminesenl open your eyes. We ask ev every boy in long pants, ev: everywhere. No matter where you live or what you do, writeusa yo = postal and say Me w Free Ofer a aw different aoe ea! nothingand noextracharges, Write today, this minute. Add KNICKERBOC Earn Big Money At home in a pleasant, spare time business of your own. We show you how to manu- facture perfumery. Send stamp for free sachet powder formula. M. J. Bailey, 311 Walnut &t., Reading, Pa. awe. 104-W Main HARRY E. DAVIS Arronney-at-Law Noraay Pustic 1607 Williamson Building Cleveland, Obie General Practice Notary Public WILLIAM R. MORRIS Attornzy anp Counsgiior-at-Law 818 Metropolitan Life Building Telephones: Minneapolis Minn. BROWN S. SMITH Atrorngy-at- 9 Offices: Suite 802 Sykes Block Near Third and aed Mina. Minneapolis Te. $437 Fore EM Cable Address, Epben EDGAR P. BENJAMIN Attornnsy ang Coumssi.oe-at-Law 34 School Street Bosten, Mass Telephone Connection W. Ashbie Hawkins George W. F. McMechen HAWKINS & McMECHEN Arrorngys-at-Law 21 East Saratoga Street Baltimore, Md. Patents secured on easy terms Write for particulars. Jos. H. STEWART, Attorney-at-Law, Louisiana Ave., N.W., Washington, D. C. Established 1911 Telephone Greeley 4214 BRANIC’S New York and Brooklyn Express Daily Trips to Harlem 212 WEST 35th STREET __New York City ANDREW J. BRANIC Domestic Science Teacher wishes position as MATRON, STEWARDESS OR TEACHER For information address H. L. in care of the CRISIS 70 Fifth Avenue New York City SUNSHINE COTTAGE A Rest Home for Women Convalescents and Invalids Cared For (Mrs) Corinna M. Phillips, R. N 171 King Street Springfield, Mag,, WEST PHILADELPHIA BEAUTIFUL PORCH FRONT HOMES FOR SALE Respectable families who are particular and de- sire to live in a nice locality; every modern con- venience. Very low terms arranged. invited. J, ADAMS, JR., 5815 Market S&t., Inspection Philadelphia. Mention Ta Caruisis.

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i aseieemetid eeneaiiinemmimeeaianiiadan OUTS WML ROMA HM A Selected List of Books These prices do not include postage. Postage extra. Hazet. (Mary White Ovington)................... $ 1.00 THE AMERICAN CAVALRYMAN. (Henry F. Downing).. 1.50 Norris Wright Cungy. (Maud Cuney Hare)........ 1.50 Tue Lire any Times oF Booker T. WasHINGTON. (B. RIPE a 65a 4 ck REA RN eke Ware Rake 1.50 A NaRRATIVE OF THE NEGRO. (Leila Amos Pendleton). 1.50 Sours oF BLack Fotk. (W.E. B. Du Bois).......... 1.25 THe Wuitre Man’s Burpen. (T. Shirby Hodge)...... 1.00 Race ApJusTMENT. (Kelly Miller).................. 2.00 History OF THE Necro. (B. G. Brawley)............ 1.25 Tue Necro Micrant In PitrspurcH. (Abraham Ep- NE ies keane tics Wanting aa ialaliarn lk Gihalnk Rk ee ws .50 Granny MAuMEE AND OTHER Pays For A NEGRO THE- avem. (Radeoty Torremee)......cccsccccccsccecs 1.50 Hair a Man. (Mary White Ovington).............. 1.00 AFTERMATH OF SLAVERY. (William Sinclair)......... 1.50 My Lire anp Work. (Bishop Alexander Walters).... 1.50 Firty YrEars AND OTHER Poems. (James Weldon EFFORT LOT EE TN OTe 1.25 JoHN Brown. (W.E. B. Du Bois).................. 1.25 Necro In AMERICAN History. (J. W.Cromwell)..... 1.25 Prince Hay anp His Fottowers. (George W. Craw- I i sae ah de a a ahh i 9 in 1.00 Tue Haitian Revotution. (T.G. Steward)......... 1.25 Necro CuLturE 1x West Arrica. (George W. Ellis). 2.00 Tus Nueno. (W.E. B. Du Bote)... 260 c acs ccccces .60 Tue EpucaTION OF THE NEGRO Prior To 1861. (Carter ie ES 6 catenin KAS Niele NG hea Ase eee KK 2.00 Facts oF Reconstruction. (John R. Lynch)......... 1.50 Lire AND LETTERS OF CoOLERIDGE-TayLor. (W. C. Ber- en ere eee 2.25 Poems or Paut LaurENcE DuNBAR................-. 2.00 AFROo-AMERICAN Foixsones. (H. E. Krehbiel)....... 2.00 Out or THE House oF Bonpace. (Kelly Miller)....... 1.50 Booxer T. Wasuinctox. (Emmett J. Scott and Ly- Se: TR I 5 oo ids sino G aon eae ee 4045+ 2.00 Address, THE CRISIS :::: 70 Fifth Avenue, New ~_ 7 LALA ili IU, iM

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Advertising There are twelve million Negroes in the United States. They spend a thousand million dollars every year. THE CRISIS reaches more Negroes with intelligence and money than any other periodical in the world and is therefore a valuable medium for advertising. The patronage of recognized advertising agencies and of national advertisers will receive caretul attention. Rates will be sent on application. Circulation,—80,000 THE DISGRACE OF DEMOCRACY An Open Letter to President Wilson By KELLY MILLER “The ablest document the war has yet produced in the United States."—H. L. Menchen, Editor Smart Set. “With this document the Negro problem is no longer a vague futurity. The Negro question has arrived.”— New York Globe. AGENTS WANTED EVERYWHERE. Price, 10 cents a copy Terms to agents, 5 cents a copy OVER 65,000 COPIES ALREADY DISTRIBUTED Address:—KELLY MILLER, Howard University, WASHINGTON. D. C.

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