The Crisis 1916-07: Vol 12 Iss 3

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EDUCATION NUMBER WITH WACO, TEXAS, SUPPLEMENT JULY, 1916 ONE DOLLAR A YEAR TEN CENTS A COPY

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The summer months bring many re- quests from CRISIS subscribers for change of address. We are always glad to meet such requests. Remember, how- ever, that both the old and the new ad- dress should be clearly and correctly given and that two weeks’ notice is necessary. AA Selected List of Books These prices do not include postage. Postage extra. HAZEL. (Mary White Ovington) THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF AN Ex-COLORED MAN. (Anonymous) . NORRIS WRIGHT CUNEY. (Maud Cuney Hare) A NARRATIVE OF THE NEGRO. (Leila Amos Pendleton) SOULS oF BLACK FoLk. (W. E. B. Du Bois) THE WHITE MAN’S BURDEN. (T. Shirby Hodge) RACE ADJUSTMENT. (Kelly Miller) HISTORY OF THE NEGRO. (B. G. Brawley) HALF A MAN. (Mary White Ovington) AFTERMATH OF SLAVERY. (William Sinclair) JOHN Brown. (W. E. B. Du Bois) NEGRO IN AMERICAN History. (J. W. Cromwell) PRINCE HALL AND HIS FOLLOWERS. (George W. Crawford)... NEGRO CULTURE IN WEST AFRICA. (George W. Ellis) THE NEGRO. (W. E. B. Du Bois) THE EDUCATION OF THE NEGRO PRIOR TO 1861. (Carter G. Woodson) FACTS OF RECONSTRUCTION. (John R. Lynch) LIFE AND LETTERS OF COLERIDGE-TAYLOR. (W. C. Berwick Sayers) MASTERPIECES OF NEGRO ELOQUENCE. (Alice Moore Dunbar, Editor) POEMS OF PAUL LAURENCE DUNBAR. AFRO-AMERICAN FoLKSONGS. (H. E. Krehbiel) OUT OF THE HOUSE OF BONDAGE. (Kelly Miller) Address, THE CRISIS, 70 Fifth Avenue, NEW YORK Mention Tus Cains

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(Supplement to the Crisis, July, 1916) The Waco Horror N account of the recent burning of a human being at Waco, Tex., as reported by a special ugent of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, 70 Fifth Avenue, New York City. 1. The City. E city of Waco, Tex., is the county seat of McLennan county. It is situ- ated on the Brazos river, about half way between Dallas and Austin. It is the junc- tion point of seven railways. The city is in a fertile agricultural region with grain and cotton as the chief products, and with near- ly two hundred manufacturing establish- ments, representing some seventy different industries. It had a population of 14,445 in 1890 which increased to 20,686 in 1900, and to 26,425 in 1910. The white population in these twenty years has almost exactly doubled. The colored population has in- creased from 4,069 to 6,067, forming thus 23% of the population. The bulk of the population is native white of native parent- age, there being only about 1,000 foreigners in the city. The whole of McLennan county contained in 1910 a population of 73,250 of whom 17,234 were Negroes. This total population has nearly doubled in the last twenty years, Waco is well laid out. The streets are broad, over sixty miles of them being paved. The sewer system of one hundred miles is excellent. There is a fine city-owned water system, and parks on the surrounding prairies. There are thirty-nine white and twenty- four celored churches in Waco. By denom- inations the white churches are: Baptist, 14; Methodist, 9; Christian, 4; Presbyte- rian, 3; Jewish, 2; Episcopal, 2; Evangel- istic, 1; Lutheran, 1; Catholic, 1; Chris- tian Science, 1; Salvation Army, 1. The colleges are: Baylor University, Bay- lor a, the Catholic College, the In- dependent Biblical and Industrial: School, all white; and the Central Texas College and Paul Quinn, colored colleges. There are also the A. & M. College, the Gurley School, the Waco Business College, Toby’s Practical Business College, the Provident Sanitarium, and the Training School. Baylor University was founded in 1854 and has between 1,200 and 1,300 students. It is co-educational. The president is run- ning for the United States Senate. Two high schools serve white and colored population, and there are seven banks, in- cluding four national banks. elit atoll adintiandntaant hn nes nd BAYLOR UNIVERSITY, WACO.

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2 THE CRISIS RIGGINS HOTEL, WACO In other words, Waco is a typical south- ern town, alert, pushing and rich. 2. The Crime. EAR the country town of Robinson, some six miles from Waco, lived a white family of four, namei Fryar, who owned a small farm. This they cultivated themselves with the help of one hired man, a colored boy of seventeen, named Jesse Washington. Jesse was a big, well-developed fellow, but ignorant, being unable either to read or write. He seemed to have been sullen, and perhaps mentally deficient, with a strong, and even daring temper. It is said that on the Saturday night before the crime he had had a fight with a neighboring white THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH, WACO SUPPLEMENT org and the man had threatened to kill im. On Monday, May 8, while Mr. Fryar, his son of fourteen, and his daughter of twen- ty-three, were hoeing cotton in one part of their farm, the boy, Jesse, was plowing with his mules and sowing cotton seed near the house where Mrs. Fryar was alone. He went to the house for more cotton seed. As Mrs. Fryar was scooping it up for him into the bag which he held, she scolded him for beating the mules. He knocked her down with a blacksmith’s hammer, and, as he con- fessed, criminally assaulted her; finally he killed her with the hammer. The boy then returned to the field, finished his work, and went home to the cabin, where he lived with his father and mother and several brothers and sisters. When the murdered woman was discov- ered suspicion pointed to Jesse Washington, and he was found sitting in his yard whit- tling a stick. He was arrested and imme- diately taken to jail in Waco. Tuesda a mob visited the jail. They came in wit about thirty automobiles, each holding as many as could be crowded in. There was no noise, no tooting of horns, the lights were dim, and some had no lights at all. These were all Robinson people. They looked for the boy, but could not find him, for he had been taken to a neighboring county where the sheriff obtained a confes- sion from him. Another mob went to this county seat to get the boy, but he was again THE COURT HOUSE, WACO removed to Dallas. Finally, the Robinson people pledged themselves not to lynch the boy if the authorities acted promptly, and if the boy would waive his ner rights. A second confession in which the boy waived all his legal rights was obtained in the Dallas jail. The Grand Jury indicted him on Sarees and the case was set for trial Monday, May 15. Sunday night, at midnight, Jesse Wash- ington was brought from Dallas to Waco, and secreted in the office of the judge. There was not the slightest doubt but that he would be tried and hanged the next day, if the law took its course, There was some, but not much doubt of

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THE CITY HALL (The Boy Was Burned Back of This Hall) his guilt. The confessions were obtained, of course, under duress, and were, perhaps, suspiciously clear, and not entirely in the boy’s own words. It seems, however, prob- able that the boy was guilty of murder, and possibly of premeditated rape. 8. Waco Politics. M EANTIME, the exigencies of Waco politics are said to have demanded a lynching. Our investigator says: “They brought the boy back to Waco be- cause a lynching was of political value to the county officials who are running for office. Every man I talked with said that politics was at the bottom of the whole busi- ness. All that element who took part in the lynching will vote for the Sheriff, The Judge is of value to his party because he appoints the three commissioners of the jury, and these commissioners pick the Grand Jury.” The District Judge of the Criminal Court is R. I. Munroe, appointed by Governor Campbell. He is a low order of politician, and a product of a local machine. His reputation for morality is bad, and his ractice at the Bar has been largely on half of the vicious interests. ; The Sheriff of the county, S. S. Fleming, is a candidate for re-election, and has made much political capital out of the lynching. THE WACO HORROR 3 He says, in an advertisement in the Waco Semt-Weekly Tribune: “Mr. Fleming is diseased with a broad philanthropy, He believes in the equality of man. He carries with him in the daily walk of his officialdom none of the ‘boast of heraldry or the pomp of power.’ He is just as courteous, just as obliging, just as accommodating as Sheriff as he was when selling buggies and cultivators for the hard- ware company. He presents to the voters for their endorsement the record made by him and his corps of splendid deputies.” Our investigator says: “When I saw the Sheriff (Fleming) he had a beautiful story to tell. He had his story fixed up so that the entire responsi- bility was shifted on the Judge. The Judge admitted he could have had a change of venue, but said the mob anywhere would have done the same thing.” Meantime, the tip went out: “The crowd began pouring into the town the day before and continued early Monday morning. The court room was packed full and a crowd of 2,000 was on the out- side. The jurors could scarcely get in and out from their seats. I asked the Judge if he could not have cleared the court room, and he answered that I did not know the South. I said, ‘If a person is big enough, he can get up and stop the biggest mob.’ He asked, ‘Do you want to spill in- nocent blood for a nigger?’ “Some one had arranged it so that it would be easy to get the boy out of the courtroom, A door which opened by a pe- culiar device had been fixed so that it would open. One of the jurors was a convicted eae with a suspended sentence over im. “Lee Jenkins is the best deputy sheriff, but he is under Fleming. Barney Gold- berg, the other deputy sheriff, said, ‘If Lee Jenkins had had it, it would never have been, but we are working for the man higher up and must take our orders from him.’ Barney Goldberg knows perfectly well that if Fleming is not re-elected, and the other candidate gets in, he will be out of a job. The other nominee for sheriff, Buchanan, is reported to be unable to read and write, but is said to have three dead ‘niggers’ to his ‘credit.’ “The boy, Jesse Washington, was asked what he thought about the mob coming after him. He said, ‘They promised they would not if I would tell them about it.’ He seemed not to care, but was thoroughly indifferent.” The trial was hurried through. The Waco Semi-Weekly Tribune, May 17, says: “The jury returned into court at 11:22 a. m., and pee a verdict: ‘We, the jury, find the defendant guilty of murder as charged in the indictment and assess his punishment at death,’ This was signed by W. B. Brazelton, foreman, “Ts that your verdict, gentlemen?’ asked Judge Munroe. “They answered ‘yes.’

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4 THE CRISIS SUPPLEMENT THE WAITING CROWD “Judge Munroe began writing in his docket. He had written: ‘May 15, 1916: Jury verdict of guilty,’ and as he wrote there was a hush over the entire court room. It was a moment of hesitation, but just a moment. Then the tall man started over the heads of the crowd. Fred H. Kings- bury, who was standing alongside of Judge Munroe, said, ‘They are coming after him,’ and as the Judge looked up, the wave of people surged forward.” The court room accommodates 500 persons, but the Judge had allowed 1,500 persons to crowd in. Our investigator continues: “The stenographer told me that there was a pause of a full minute. He said the peo- ple crowded around him and he knew what was coming, so he slipped out of the door back of the Sheriff, with his records; and Sheriff Fleming slipped out also. “Fleming claims that all he was called upon to do in the way of protecting the boy was to get him to court, “A big fellow in the back of the court room yelled, ‘Get the Nigger!’ Barney Goldberg, one of the deputy sheriffs, told me that he did not know that Fleming had dropped orders to let them get the Negro, and pulled his revolver. Afterwards he got his friends to swear to an affidavit that he was not present. Fleming said he had sworn in fifty deputies. I asked him where they were. He asked, ‘Would you want to pro- tect the nigger?’ The judge made no effort to stop the mob, although he had firearms in his desk.” 4. The Burning. 66 HEY dragged the boy down the stairs, put a chain around his body and hitched it to an automobile. The chain broke. The big fellow took the chain off the Negro under the cover of the crowd and wound it around his own wrist, so that the crowd jerking at the chain was jerking at the man’s wrist and he was holding the boy. The boy shrieked and struggled. “The mob ripped the boy’s clothes off, cut them in bits and even cut the boy. Some- one cut his ear off; someone else unsexed him. A little girl working for the firm of Goldstein and Mingle told me that she saw this done. “T went over the route the boy had been taken and saw that they dragged him be- tween a quarter and a half a mile from the Court House to the bridge and then dragged him up two blocks and another block over to the City Hall. After they had gotten him up to the bridge, someone said that a fire was already going up at City Hall, and they turned around and went back. Several peo- ple denied that this fire was going, but the photograph shows that it was. They got a little boy to light the fire. “While a fire was being prepared of boxes, the naked boy was stabbed and the chain put over the tree. He tried to get away, but could not. He reached up to grab the chain and they cut off his fingers. The big man struck the boy on the back of the neck with a knife just as they were pulling him up on the tree, Mr. Lester thought that was practically the death blow. He was lowered into the fire several times by means of the chain around his neck. Someone said they would estimate the boy had about twenty-five stab wounds, none of them death-dealing. “About a quarter past one a fiend got the torso, lassoed it, hung a rope over the pummel of a saddle, and dragged it around through the streets of Waco.

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“Very little drinking was done. “The tree where the lynching occurred was — under the Mayor’s window. May- or Dollins was standing in the window, not concerned about what they were doing to the boy, but that the tree would be de- stroyed. The Chief of Police also witnessed the lynching. The names of five of the leaders of the mob are known to this Asso- ciation, and can be had on application by responsible parties. “Women and children saw the lynching. One man held up his little boy above the heads of the crowd so that he could see, and a little boy was in the top of the very tree to which the colored boy was hung, where i rac nak 4 ye i! £ y ae ae w* ig a r i _ THE WACO HORROR 5 “Dry goods boxes and all kinds of in- flammable material were gathered, and it required but an instant to convert this into seething flames. When the Negro was first hoisted into the air his tongue protruded from his mouth and his face was be- smeared with blvod. “Life was not extinct within the Negro’s body, although nearly so, when another chain was placed around his neck and thrown over the limb of a tree on the lawn, everybody trying to get to the Negro and have some part in his death. The infuri- ated mob then leaned the Negro, who was half alive and half dead, against the tree, he having just strength enough within his THE MOB he stayed until the fire became too hot.” Another account, in the Waco Times Herald, Monday night, says: “Great masses of humanity flew as swiftly as possible through the streets of the city in order to be present at the bridge when the hanging took place, but when it was learned that the Negro was being taken to the City Hall lawn, crowds of men, women and children turned and hastened to the lawn. “On the way to the scene of the burning eople on every hand took a hand in show- ing their feelings in the matter by striking the Negro with anything obtainable, some struck him with shovels, bricks, clubs, and others stabbed him and cut him until when he was one up his body was a solid color of red, the blood of the many wounds in- flicted covered him from head to foot. limbs to support him. As rapidly as pos- sible the Negro was then jerked into the air at which a shout from thousands of throats went up on the morning air and dry goods boxes, excelsior, wood and every other article that would burn was then in evidence, appearing as if by magic. A huge dry goods box was then produced and filled to the top with all of the material that had been secured. The Negro’s body was sway- ing in the air, and all of the time a noise as of thousands was heard and the Negro’s body was lowered into the box. “No sooner had his body touched the box than people pressed forward, each eager to be the first to light the fire, matches were touched to the inflammable material and as smoke rapidly rose in the air, such a dem- onstration as of people gone mad was never heard before. verybody pressed closer to

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6 THE CRISIS et souvenirs of the affair, When they had nished with the Negro his body was mu- tilated. “Fingers, ears, pieces of clothing, toes and other parts of the Negro’s body were cut off by members of the mob that had crowd- ed to the scene as if by magic when the word that the Negro had been taken in charge by the mob was heralded over the city. As the smoke rose to the heavens, the mass of people, numbering in the neighbor- hood of 10,000, crowding the City Hall lawn and overflowing the square, hanging from the windows of buildings, viewing the scene from the tops of buildings and trees, set up a shout that was heard blocks away. “Onlookers were hanging from the win- dows of the City Hall and every other build- ing that commanded a sight of the burning, and as the Negro’s body commenced to burn, shouts of delight went up from the thou- sands of throats and apparently everybody demonstrated in some way their satisfac- tion at the retribution that was being vis- ited upon the perpetrator of such a hor- rible crime, the worst in the annals of Mc- Lennan county’s history. “The body of the Negro was burned to a crisp, and was left for some time in the smoldering remains of the fire. Women and children who desired to view the scene were allowed to do so, the crowds parting to let ti c< on the scene. After some time sly of the Negro was jerked into air where everybody could view the re- iains, and a mighty shout rose on the air. . hotographer Gildersleeve made_ several pictures of the body as well as the large crowd which surrounded the scene as spec- tators.” The photographer knew where the lynch- ing was to take place, and had his camera and paraphernalia in the City Hall. He was called by telephone at the proper mo- ment. He writes us: “We have quit selling the mob photos, this step was taken because our ‘City dads’ objected on the grounds of ‘bad publicity,’ as we wanted to be boosters and not knock- ers, we agreed to stop all sale. “F, A. GILDERSLEEVE.” Our agent continues: “While the torso of the boy was being dragged through the streets behind the horse, the limbs dropped off and the head was put on the stoop of a disreputable wom- an in the reservation district. Some little boys pulled out the teeth and sold them to some men for five dollars apiece. The chain was sold for twenty-five cents a link. “From the pictures, the boy was appar- ently a wonderfully built boy. The torso was taken to Robinson, hung to a tree, and shown off for a while, then they took it down again and dragged it back to town and put it on the fire again at five o’clock.” 5. The Aftermath. 66] TRIED to talk to the Judge. I met him on the street and said, ‘I want to talk with you about something very im- SUPPLEMENT portant.’ He asked, ‘What is the nature of it?’ I said, ‘I want to get your opinion of that lynching,’ He said, ‘No, I refuse to talk with you about that. What do you want it for?’ I said, ‘If you refuse to talk with me, there is no use of telling you what I want it for.’ ; ‘ “When I met him the second time, with different clothes on, he did not recognize me. I put on a strong English accent and said I was interested in clippings from New York papers which showed that Waco had made for itself an awful name, and I want- ed to go back and make the northerners feel that Waco was not so bad as the papers had represented. Then he gave me the Court records.” Our investigator continues: “I went to the newspaper offices. They were all of the opinion that the best thing to do was to hush it up. They used it as a news item, and that finished it. The Dallas News did not cite anything editorially because not long ago they had done something quite as bad and the boy was not guilty. “With the exception of the Tribune, all the papers had simply used it as a news item and let it drop. The Tribune is owned by Judge McCullum, who says anything he pleases. He is nearly blind, When I read the article to him I said, ‘I would like to ask you, if that had been a colored woman and a white boy, would you have protected

THE VICTIM

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THE WACO HORROR THE TORTURE (Note the that woman?’ He answered, ‘No.’ ‘If it had been a colored boy and a colored woman? No.’ ‘We would not have stopped the nig- gers doing anything they wanted to.’ ‘Do you think they would?’ ‘No.’ ‘Then, they prove their superior civilization.’ Then he began to tell me how he knew all about the niggers and we northerners do not. He said that as an old southerner he knew perfectly well how to handle the col- ored population. He told me how he was raised with them, had a colored mam- my, nursed at her breast, etc. “There is a bunch of people in Waco who are dying to see someone go for- ward and make a protest, but no one in Waco would do it. Ex-Mayor Mackaye and Colonel Hamil- ton both said, ‘We do not know what to do. We are not or- ganized to do it. It is a case of race and politics.’ “T put out a lot of wires for a law- yer to take up the case, but no human ‘“‘Frenzied’’ Mob) being in Waco would take it up. I wrote to a friend in Austin and one in Houston, and the Austin friend telegraphed me that he would send me word as soon as he had found someone. I had a letter from the Houston friend who gave me the names of three lawyers, but am not sure whether they would take up a case of this kind. All have their doubts of ever getting the case into court. “I did not dare ask much about law- yers. “As a result of the lynching a Sun- day School Conven- tion which was to have met there, with 15,000 delegates, has been stopped. “W. A. Brazelton, the foreman of the Jury, was very out- spoken against the whole affair and blames the officials for it. He felt that as foreman of the Jury he could not lead in a protest but thought some pro- test ought to be made. “Mr. Ainsworth, one of the newspa- per men, seemed the

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8 THE CRISIS only one who wanted to start a protest. “Colonel Hamilton, a man of high stand- ing, a northerner, and at one time a big railroad man, was outspoken against the whole affair, but said that if he led in a protest they would do the same thing to him. He said he would never register in any hotel that he came from Waco. Two Waco men who did not register from Waco. “Allan Stanford, ex-Mayor of Waco, saw the Sheriff and the Judge before the trial and received assurances that the lynching would not take place. They shut the mouths of the better element of Waco by telling them that the Robinson people had promised not to do it. They had gotten the promise of the Robinson people that they would not touch the boy during the trial, but they did not get the pledge of the dis- reputable bunch of Waco that they would not start the affair. “Judge Spell said the affair was deplor- able, but the best thing was to forget it. “When representing myself as a news reporter, I asked, ‘What shall I tell the people up North?’ Ex-Mayor Mackaye said, ‘Fix it up as well as you can for Waco, and make them understand that the better thinking men and women of Waco were not in it.’ I said. ‘But some of your better men were down there.’ The whole thing savors so rotten because the better men have not tried to protest against it. Your churches have not said a word. Dr. Caldwell was the only man who made any protest at all.” 6. The Lynching Industry. HIS is an account of one lynching. It is horrible, but it is matched in horror by SUPPLEMENT scores of others in the last thirty years, and in its illegal, law-defying, race-hating as- pect, it is matched by 2842 other lynchings which have taken place between January 1, 1885, and June 1, 1916. These lynchings are as follows: COLORED MEN LYNCHED BY YEARS, 1885-1916. SED Scecheews Se: SEES worsens 86 Soi Sir 56S S10 71 Seer 86 ee ae BO) Basie veninn's 83 SB cs anes as nn Se aa 61 MR AS wa ekree Oe SEOs oscneee se 64 Se ckeecs ony BO BOF ce scence 60 UT ee See) ROSS cok deat 93 ae | See 73 ON sess ie eve wis 5% |. Sea 65 ee So ae 63 SR es RE YAR ciwsce.ncoe¥ « 63 SED civk-~ tias-s ae | 79 BG swiss vio wacs ee 69 MD ce kso-40bse ie |)! 80 SLs e560 oe ame 84 1916 (5 mos.) 31 RUN s cb e5 wo 6 107 BIND senior ipso. 107 TU Ss ticeece 2843 What are we going to do about this rec- ord? The civilization of America is at stake. The sincerity of Christianity is chal- lenged. The National Association for the Advancemnt of Colored People proposes im- mediately to raise a fund of at least $10,000 to start a crusade against this modern bar- barism. Already $2,000 is promised, con- ditional on our raising the whole amount. Interested persons may write to Roy Nash, secretary, 70 Fifth Avenue, New York City.

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EDITION 42,000; 52 pages and 8 page Supplement THE CRISIS A RECORD OF THE DARKER RACES PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE, AT 70 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY Conducted by W. E. BURGHARDT DU BOIS AUGUSTUS GRANVILLE DILL, Business Manager Contents Copyrighted, 1916, by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Contents for July, 1916 PICTURES Page COVER. “Up From Georgia.” Photograph From Holsey Academy. Sen > Oe, NI io ck cdo ere Seinen RS we os Sees be eb ee ee 112 OUR GRADUATES GREATNESS. A Poem. By Lucian B. Watkins LO, THE DUSK-BORN DAUGHTER. A Poem. By B. Harrison Peyton... SHAKESPEARE IN AFRICA. By Alice Werner THE BASEBALL. A Story. By Benjamin Brawley SUPPLEMENT: The Waco Horror DEPARTMENTS ALONG THE COLOR LINE THE LOOKING GLASS EDITORIAL NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE | ADVANCEMENT OF | COLORED PEOPLE ...... TEN CENTS A COPY; ONE DOLLAR A YEAR FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS TWENTY-FIVE CENTS EXTRA RENEWALS: When a subscription blank is attached to this page a renewal of your subscrip- tion is desieed. The date of the expiration of your subscription will be found on the wrapper. CHANGE OF ADDRESS: The address of a subscriber can be changed as often as desired In ps a change of address, both the old and the new address must be given. Two weeks’ notice is required. MANUSCRIPTS and drawings relating to colored people are desired. They must be accom- panied by return postage. If found unavailable they will be returned. Entered as Second-class Matter in the Post Office at New York, N. Y. eu

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108 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER Atlanta University Is beautifully located in the City of Atlanta, Ge. The courses of study include Hi School, Normal School and College, with manual training and domestic science. Am the teachers are graduates of Yale, Ha Dartmouth and Wellesley. Forty-six years of successful work have been completed. Students come from all parts of the South. Graduates are almost universally successful. For further informetion address President EDWARD T. WARE ATLANTA, GA. Knoxville College Beautiful Situation. Healthful Location. The Best Moral and Spiritual Environ- ment. aq HneT44GN40EN044000CNEN0000E0000NEREUEOLEDEUUUOUUNEMARUBQHUTOUOOUOUUUUUUUU TOU UAT

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THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 109 n> VUUNGNUDNCAANNNANUU OOO ENAERGNNGAAAUANULUUOOUNEERONANUAUOUUUUOEETRENGAAAOUOOOU TANGA ALAA AON NAHE LAANA TOONS RETNA NAUUAO UU ANAN EAGLE A UOOGUUUU UU UEANALOOEOUAUOUOUREEGONGHUA)UUG OOO EREAANN EAU UL UAMDUUENENDATALUA UU eennTNNN eg The NATIONAL TRAINING SCHOOL “I cordially commend the school’s interest and needs to all who believe in the Negro race and in our obligation to help promote its intellectual, moral and religious uplift.” Rev. Dr. CHARLES H. ParKHuRST, New York City. IT IS MORE THAN A MERE SCHOOL IT IS A COMMUNITY OF SERVICE AND UPLIFT Its influence is destined to be felt in all sections of the country in improved Negro community life wherever our trained workers locate. Settlement workers, missionaries for home and foreign mission fields, Y. M. C, A. and Y. W. C. A. secretaries and district nurses receive a compre- hensive grasp of their studies under a Wellesley graduate and experienced co- workers and actual every-day practice through the school’s SOCIAL SERVICE DEPARTMENT. A HIGH STANDARD COLLEGE DEPARTMENT has now been established. We aim also to create a better qualified ministry. Industrial training, advanced literary branches, business school. Thirty-two acres; ten modern buildings; healthful location. We can accommodate a few more earnest, ambitious students. Communities requiring social workers should write us. Next School Term Opens Oct. 4, 1916. EU UUUUNANONNUEOEDUUUGAONERLUUUAAUUOUUUGRNORDbUNGHneese UUM Tae eee yy yyv urn g0ee Ur v0dTaE EOE A For catalog and detailed information, address: PRESIDENT JAMES E. SHEPARD NATIONAL TRAINING SCHOOL DURHAM, N. C. HNANUUUAANNNYAUOUENNAANUUNEENANAOUGENASHLOUNNNAA UU NGTANUUNSNAAAAONTNNANOO TT NAGAANONANAANU ENE AUUNAENAANANANAH NTA ANNU GANA AAU UNNDUNU EGAN NAMEN EEUU am 3 Q = = & = 2 ( The Cheyney Training School ||! | incoln Institute for Teachers Sik i ia cli de CHEYNEY, PENNSYLVANIA ported by the State of Missouri. For : both men and women. Faculty of 34 Under the management of the So- from the best schools and colleges of ciety of Friends. Beautifully lo- the country. College Department, offer- cated, healthful, well appointed. Be Bo gel — — i : ‘ lored sachelor of Arts; Normal Department, This — offers = gs oni offering two years’ course followed by men an women wn av = four years of Standard High School sonable secondary school prepara- work, and leading to the Degree Bach- tion, and who earnestly desire to elor of Pedagogy. College preparatory become teachers, courses in aca- course. Music, art, domestic science, deve conte a stic science, do- elocution, agriculture, blacksmithing, emic work, domestic s ’ machinery, electric engineering, car- mestic art, manual crafts and pentry, cabinet making, automobile re- pairing and construction, sewing, art agriculture. Tuition is free. Board, lodging, heat, light and laundry a wpe’ a, —_ r ivi Oo nine and fine arts. Normal diploma. Life eet ka tenn tea eee certificate to teach in the public schools mon le a : of Missouri. One of the best schools fee is $7. Fall term opens Sep- in the country for students of limited drawing tember 16, 1916. means. i mer school a ° " ia ae ee Benjamin Franklin Allen For full information, write to President LESLIE PINCKNEY HILL, Principal. Jefferson City, Missouri Catalog on request. SE SS SGN ETN Mentio Tae Caisis

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110 THE CRISIS MORGAN COLLEGE AND BRANCHES JOHN O. SPENCER, Ph.D., President. MORGAN COLLEGE, Baltimore, Md. Location. Central college town between North and South Courses: Preparatory, Normal, Music, Advanced Education, Collegiate, Appropriate degrees. Instructors: College and University trained. Seven Colleges and Universities represented in Faculty. Dormitcries For a limited number, furnished. Terms Very reasonable. Dean: William Pickens, Lit.D. PRINCESS ANNE ACADEMY, Princess Anne, Md. (Eastern Branch Maryland State College of Agriculture) Location: The famous Eastern Shore of Md., Somerset Co. Courses: Preparatory, Normal, Industrial, Dom. Science Musi Instructors: (College and Technically trained. New Dormitories: Furnished, steam heated, supervised Terms: Tuition free; other expenses moderate. SUMMER SESSION June 26th-August 4th Special training in Domestic Science, Rural Education, Na ture Study, School Organization, School Management, etc Terms: Ent.. $1.00; Board, $3.00 per wk.; no tuition fee. Principal: Rev. Thomas H. Kiah, A.B. VIRGINIA COLLEGIATE and INDUSTRIAL INSTITUTE Lynchburg, Va. Location: Or beau ttt 1 hill in suburbs of growing city Courses: Prepara Normal, Dom. Sci., Gardening, Music Instructors: College trained; ¢ arefully selected. Dormitories: Furnished; for fifty girls; steam heat, electric light; carefully 6 ipervised Terms: Within the reach of all Principal: Frank Trigg, A.M. OF INTEREST TO VOCALISTS Tone-Placing and Voice Development, With Sup- plement Co-ordinating with Original Chapters Highly recommended and endorsed by well known Choral and Musical Societies, Directors, Vocal Teachers ciisie ve 4ae and Musical Publications, as evi- eh tehand ae denced by the following extracts pease selected at random from those who S) know: ‘i Pedro T. Tinsley of Chicago is the first of the vocal teachers to realize the possibilities of Tone- Placing and Vowel Values (Study) as applied to music, and will soon be reaping his reward in the knowl- edge that he is helping thousands to a thorough musical education where he previously helped but hundreds. THE MUSIC TRADES. I highly endorse your Book Tone-Placing and Voice-Development as being in a class by itself. This is my fourth order and will be able to use quite a number of additional copies very soon. G. W. WILLIAMS, B.M.A., 1214 Pease Ave., Houston, Texas. “Dear Mr. Tinsley: “IT take great pleasure. in commending your very useful and succinctly written book on ‘Tone-Placing and Voice-Development.’ Your own appreciation of the psychology of singing and the fundamental prin- ciples of the art you have cleverly reduced to a simple system. Cordially yours, “Father WILLIAM J. FINN, C. S. P., Director Paulist CRorteters of Chicago.” From “Musical Courier,” N. Y.: “A very Practical little book is ‘Tone- Placing and Voice- Development,’ by Pedro T. Tinsley. It contains some very excellent material and vocal exercises, and should be in the hands of | all. vocal students.” From “Music News," Chicago, IIL: “Accordingly this ‘Practical Method of Singing’ is a most concise and practical little manual, containing many valuable vocal exercises. It cannot fail to be helpful to all ambitious vocal students.” PRICE $1.00 Address the publisher: Pedro T. Tinsley, 6448 Drexel Ave., Chicago, Ill., or Clayton F, Summy, 64 E. Van Buren St., or Lyon & Healy, Adams and Wabash Ave., Chicago, Ill. cya ai Ree res Mention ADVERTISER ST. MARY’S SCHOOL An Episcopal boarding school for girls, under the direction of the Sisters of St. Mary. Address: THE SISTER-IN-CHARGE 609 N. 43d St. W. Philadelphia, Pa. ° Hartshorn Memorial College Richmond, Virginia A superior school for the separate, higher education of young women. Provides a pleasant home, careful culture, and thorough training. Expenses very moderate. Send fot catalog to the President. t MME. BRIDGES’ SCHOOL OF French Dressmaking, Ladies’ Tailoring and Millinery. Bridges System. Special Courses in Designing, Copying, Draping, Making, Trimming, Finishing, Cutting and Fitting. Special reduction in tuition given to students en- tering in groups of three or more or to one student taking two or more consecutive courses. Individual Instruction. A Bridges Diploma means something to you. 507 E. 34th Place Chicago, Ill. ROLAND W. HAYES, Tenor Recitals Concerts Oratorio Opera “An unusually good voice. The natural quality is beautiful. It is a luscious yet manly voice. Mr. Hayes sings freely and with good taste.”"—Philip Hale, in the Boston Herald. “A voice of unusual sweetness and calibre.” —Chattanooga Times. Address: 3 WARWICK ST.. BOSTON, MASS. MAUD CUNEY HARE, Lecturer and Pianist WILLIAM H. RICHARDSON, Baritone Piano and Song, Lecture-recitals and Concerts. A typical press tribute on the _ lecture-recital: “The Contribution of the Afro-American to the Art of Music.” Mrs. Hare’s lecture dealt with the history of Afro-American music, in the illustration of which she was assisted by Wm. H. Richardson, baritone. Her charming personality. her simple manner of speaking, combined with her artistic performance, both in solo work and as an accompanist, won the admiration of the audience.—The Boston Tran- script. Mr. Richardson is blessed by nature, his voice is resonant, firm, commanding, yet smooth and even throughout a liberal compass. He sings fluently and with marked authority.—Philip Hale, Boston Herald, Now booking, Season 1916-1917 Address: 43 Sheridan St., Jamaica Plain, Boston, Mass. SHORTHAND! 4,2", 574.9083" THAT BRINGS RESULTS. course in standard PITMANIC Shorthand written just as a teacher would explain it. Not a newly invented system to be learned in a week or so, but the kind of shorthand now in use made simple enough for a child. With the completion of the twentieth lesson you are able to do court reporting. PRICE OF COURSE, $6.00. Address SHORTHAND DEPT., 4277 Cote Brilliante, St. Louis. THE STENOGRAPHERS’ INSTITUTE 1227 S. 17th St., Philadelphia, Pa. By our method, apt students write stenography, transcribe their shorthand notes and operate a type- writer accurately in 60 days EDWARD T. DUNCAN, Pres. THe Crisis | S| RAS hry end $68 trib sta! fre: hall com bric Cc | has ings hire The sche witl C7 beer Pa., ings nor! C7 ciat beer lege stro by t buil C # been Flox has Broy fron nile

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r a 1 c THE CRISIS Vol. 12—No. 3 JULY, 1916 Whole No. 69 Along the Color Line EDUCATION LORIDA Baptist Academy of Jackson- ville has completed a fund of $25,000 for a new academic building. @ The Christiansburg Industrial Institute at Cambria, Va., has added $50,000 to its endowment fund, bringing that fund up to $68,000. White citizens of the town con- tributed $2,500. @ The West Virginia Collegiate Institute starts its new college department with a freshmen class of twenty. A new dining hall seating five hundred students has been completed. It is a three-story, fireproof, brick structure, and cost $42,000. @ Virginia N. & I. Institute of Petersburg has added 28% acres of land to its hold- ings, built a new dormitory for boys and hired a trained nurse and athletic director. The course has been raised to a full high school course with two additional years with normal training. @ The Shelter for Colored Orphans has been moved from Philadelphia to Cheyney, Pa., where it will occupy three new build- ings. It will form a practise school for the normal students. @ The Pennsylvania and Delaware Asso- ciation of Teachers in Colored Schools has been formed at Cheyney, Pa. € The dormitory of the State A. & M. Col- lege at Orangeburg, S. C., which was de- stroyed by fire in March, will be replaced by two dormitories, and an administration building. C A new building for the Y. M. C. A. has been erected at a cost of $5,000 at the Florida A. & M. College, Tallahassee. @ The Fair Haven Hospital of Atlanta, Ga., has been made an integral part of Morris Brown University. @ Arkansas Baptist College will remove from its city site to new grounds three miles from Little Rock. @ A Rendall Memorial Scholarship Fund has been raised by the alumni of Lincoln University, Pa. q A scholarship fund in memory of the late Helen C. Morgan, who taught for thirty-seven years at Fisk University, has been started by the alumni. @ The Georgia State and Industrial Col- lege celebrated its twenty-fifth anniversary. @ Rust College, Miss., celebrated its fif- tieth anniversary. @ Biddle University, N. C., will celebrate its fiftieth anniversary next year, and is raising an endowment fund of $250,000 for that occasion. @ At the Beloit, Wis., High School Jack Wells, a colored boy, won first prize at the State High School Oratorical Contest. He spoke on “Daniel Webster.” q At a luncheon given in New York ‘City and presided over by Professor John Dewey of Columbia University, a commit- tee was appointed to effect a national or- ganization for federal aid to common school education. Among the members of this committee are: Mr. John E. Milholland, Dr. J. H. Finley, Mr. W. E. Walling, Miss Lillian D. Wald, Dr. S. E. Mezes, President E. J. James, Mrs. Florence Kelley, Chan- cellor E. E. Brown, Dr. Felix Adler, Dr. J. E. Spingarn and others. @ The General Education Board is mak- ing a study of methods of Negro education as developed at Hampton and Tuskegee. @ James Watkins, a colored school boy of Youngstown, O., won the one hundred-yard dash at the annual Field Day. @ R. M. Raglin of Meharry attained the highest average in the last Tennessee State Pharmaceutical examination held at Nash- ville. Cc W. B. Carter, a graduate of medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pa., has

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ees Ww V¥ weee Ue PULVIGL Van 4746 been elected a member of the Appelgate Obstetrical Society. During his prepara- tory schooling he won thirty-five medals and several loving cups for athletics. @ Lewis S. Davidson won the second prize of seventy-five dollars at New York Uni- versity in the Sandham Oratorical Contest. C M. Allen, a colored boy of New Haven, Conn., has been selected as the best athlete in the senior class of the high school. qd W. Y. Bell of Lane College, Jackson, Tenn., has been given a scholarship in Yale University. @ Colored boys at the Chattanooga Avenue School, Chattanooga, Tenn., have become so proficient in toy making that there is much demand for their work. C By the will of Martha H. Andrews, Tus- kegee and Hampton received bequests of $50,000 each. C An interesting story telling contest has been held at the Colored Library, Louis- ville, Ky,, by Prof. J. S. Cotter. @ Summer schools will be held this year at Tuskegee, Ala., Tallahassee, Fla., Wil- berforce, O., Clark University, Atlanta, Ga., Fort Valley School, Ga., and Bordentown, N. J. @ The Hon. Robert T. Lincoln has pre- sented to Fisk University the Bible which was given to his father, Abraham Lincoln, by the colored people of Baltimore in 1864. “No public testimonial of regards ever gave Mr. Lincoln more sincere pleasure during his entire public life than that pre- sented by the colored people of Baltimore.” @ Over 6,000 spectators saw the fifth an- nual meeting of school children’s athletic meet in Savannah, Ga. West Broad Street School won with twenty-eight points. @ A New colored school in Baltimore, Md., has been named after Benjamin Banneker. @ Through the generosity of two white women of New York the National Training School, Durham, N. C., has paid off its bonded indebtedness and its current ex- penses for the year. @ Governor Brumbaugh delivered the com- mencement address at the colored Downing- town School, Pa. @ Eighteen nurses were graduated from the Lincoln Hospital, New York City. @ Charles S. Morris won first prize in an oratorical contest at the Mount Vernon High School, New York. @ Morris Moss of Brooklyn won a gold ALONG THE COLOR LINE 113 medal in the Freshman Endurance Athletic Contest at Columbia University over one hundred and twenty-nine competitors. John Johnson, another colored boy, won third prize. @ Major Robert R. Moton has been installed as principal of Tuskegee Institute, Ala. @ The William Penn High School for Girls, Philadelphia, Pa., has a pupils’ court for purposes of self-government. Among the new officers elected to the court by the se- nior class was Virginia Alexander, a colored girl, who was made an assistant judge. @ Dr. Lewis B. Moore of Howard Univer- sity preached the baccalaureate sermon at Storer College, where his son graduated and his daughter delivered the junior oration. @ The Howard High School of Wilming- ton, Del., had a Shakespearian Festival with tableaux from eight of Shakespeare’s plays. @ W. Bruce Evans, who has been suing the Board of Education of Washington, D. C., for reinstatement as principal of the Armstrong Manual Training High School, and payment of back salary, has lost hie case in court. @ Owen Smaulding, a freshman in the high school of Albuquerque, N. M., made a good showing in the track meet of the high schools of the state April 29. He partici- pated in eight features, winning five first prizes, two seconds, and one third; thus enabling Albuquerque High Schooi to get first place. A large banquet was given at the University of New Mexico, and both the university and high school students gave Mr. Smaulding a great ovation. @ Lucius C. Harper won first prize over fifty-nine white contestants in a penman- ship contest held by the Oberlin Business College at Elyria, O. C William B. West of Culverton, Ga., won a first prize of $50 for the best oration in the Hallowell Contest, at Colby College, Me. There were twelve contestants. @ In the Canal Zone the colored schools in a recent contest in spelling outranked the white schools in every grade. @ The pupils of the Eleventh Street School, Portsmouth, O., saved $280.80 in their school saving club during the last eight months of the present school year. This was an aver- age of $2.60 for each pupil enrolled. This money is now on deposit in a local bank in the names of the individual pupils. Inter- est is compounded quarterly.

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114 THE CRISIS MUSIC AND ART ee T. BURLEIGH: composer by di- e vine right and ‘The American Coleridge-Taylor’ ” is the title of a full page article concerning a distinguished musician in the April 29 issue of Musical America. A sketch of Mr. Burleigh’s career is given, his progress as a singer and composer, and the acknowledgement that having “won praise from musicians who withheld it until he showed that he had in him not the aver- age attainment of'a composer of singable songs, but the extraordinary gifts to which his present output in the department of the art-song testifies,” he has now come into his own. The interviewer closes with the words that “H. T. Burleigh is contributing to American art-song examples of creative music that deserve world-wide attention and respect.” C S. Coleridge-Taylor’s “A Tale of Old Japan” was one of the choral works per- formed on May 19 by the Nashua Oratorio Society at its fifteenth annual festival, held in the City Hall of Nashua, N. H. The conductor, Mr. Hood, is a warm admirer of the work. The composer’s “Life and Death” was also sung by the soprano, Hazel Mili- ken, at one of the solo performances. @ At the great Shakespeare Tercentenary celebration at Drury Lane, London, Cole- ridge-Taylor’s “Othello” suite was played in a notable list of music for the perform- ances of the dramas. @ Kitty Cheatham, noted Amevican singer, and the Edith Rubel trio gave a recital of folk music before the New York Cosmopoli- tan Club on May 17. On the program were folk songs of many countries. At the close of the program she sang Afro-American fotk songs, of which Musical America says: “This artist is today admittedly the su- preme exponent.” That Miss Cheatham can now be heard on the phonograph is con- sidered great cause for satisfaction for the main reason that it will afford permanent example of proper interpretation of pure Negro songs. A reviewer continues: “Miss Cheatham has striven indefatigably for years to impress upon the contemporary Negro the need of preserving this folk music in all its original purity.” @ Mrs. Maud Cuney Hare, pianist-lecturer, and Mr. William H, Richardson, baritone, of Boston, Mass., have lately completed a successful tour in the North and middle states. Requests were made in many cities for return engagements. Among their notable appearances was that in Columbus, O., where they were heard at the Chamber of Commerce before an audience of eleven hundred persons that included the governor of the State of Ohio, Adjt. Gen’l Hough and wife, and many others of distinction. Gov- ernor Willis remained to offer personal felic- itations to the artists. ( Selections by Gomez, Verdi and Fried- mann were added to the program by the Ohio National Guard Band, Mr. S. P. White, director; Mr. Thos. Howard, manager. @ Among the many successful engagements filled by Mr. Roland W. Hayes, tenor, was that of soloist in Coleridge-Taylor’s “Hia- watha,” which was given a splendid rendi- tion by the Douglass Choral Society at Cin- cinnati, O., in May. The concert was given under the excellent direction of Mr. Ever- mont P. Robinson. Mr. J. H. Robinson was the accompanist. The society hopes to bring before the public the possibilities of the public school as a center to promote musical appreciation in the community. @ Miss Helen Hagan, pianist, prize pupil of the Yale Conservatory of Music, com- pleted in May a very successful Western concert tour. @ The Girls’ High School Dramatic Club of Boston, Mass., presented “Twelfth Night,” a production in which Miss Elise W. Thurston, a colored student, as “Orsino,” received considerable praise. @ On May 16 a concert was given in Stein- ert Hall, Boston, Mass., by Miss Gertrude O’Neil, soprano, who was assisted by two students of the New England Conservatory of Music, Mr. Clyde L. Glass, pianist, and Mr. Wesley Howard, violinist. Mr. J. Shel- ton Pollen was the accompanist. @ Mr. Henry Lee Grant of Washington, D. C., was heard in a piano recital at Charles Street A. M. E. Church, Boston, Mass., on May 11. Mr. Clarence Cameron White, violinist, assisted on the program and played an interesting group of pieces by modern composers. @ “Nebber Min’, Mah Honey” is one of three new songs by Franklin Riker, an American composer. Mr. Riker is said to have decided gifts in the writing of Negro songs, as evidenced in his “Mister Honer Boy,” published last winter. @ Mrs. May Howard Jackson has on ex- hibition at the Veerhoff gallery, Washing- Chi sal the wi del

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ton, D. C., three recent works in sculpture —one a portrait bust of Prof. Kelly Miller, a small head of a child, and the third, “Mulatto Mother and Her Child.” The Washington Star says: ‘The last is a very remarkable and dramatic work, touching upon the mysteries of heredity in a way which is exceedingly striking,” and adds: “Her work has always shown promise, but these pieces now on exhibition indicate ex- ceptional gift, for they are not merely well modeled, but individual and significant.” @ The second annual recital of the Detroit Musical Study Club was held at Ebenezer Church, May 9. @ Frederick Cowans cantata, “The Rose Maiden,” was given at Hampton Institute at its May Festival. A chorus of nearly one thousand voices, under the direction of R. Nathaniel Dett, was a prominent feature, and the following artists appeared: Mrs. F. C. Talbert, soprano, Mrs. Daisy Tapley, contralto, Mr. George R. Garner, Jr., tenor, Mr. Paige I. Lancaster, baritone, and Miss Helen Elise Smith, pianist. @ The Washington, D. C., Conservatory of Music and School of Expression presented a series of spring musicales May 26 and 27, and June 2. C “Winning His First Suit,” a moving picture drama showing phases of Negro progress, is being acted for the Frederick Douglas Film Company, a corporation of Negroes in New Jersey. C During the commencement season of At- lanta University the senior class presented Shakespeare’s “The Taming of the Shrew.” @ A chorus of five hundred voices will take part in the Southern Negro Folk Song Fes- tival to be held July 26, 27 and 28 at Dal- las, Tex. C Holbrook Blinn, who is starring in the photo-play, “The Empress,” has engaged James Reese Europe’s Castles in the Air Band to play for him. @ At Delmonico’s, New York, on May 3, a concert of Negro music was held for the benefit of the Home for Colored Working Girls and Settlement Work and St. John’s Club for Boys, in Harlem, under the Dioce- san Auxiliary of the Cathedral of St. John the Divine. Harry T. Burleigh, J. Rosa- mond Johnson and James Reese Europe, with his orchestra, took part. @ Pupils of the Reynolds school in Phila- delphia, Pa., presented a tableau, “History ALONG THE COLOR LINE 115 Presenting a Wreath of Fame to Crispus Attucks and Negro Soldiers of the Revolu- tion” at the second performance of the His- torical Review of American Citizenship. @ William Harris, Jr., has arranged to produce a play by Laurence Eyre, in which all the characters are Negroes. No attempt is made to burlesque the race, but only white actors and actresses will be used. @ The Dayton, O., Daily News says that Sam Stewart, the colored composer of that city, “has had more good music stolen from him than many popular composers have written in their entire career.” Stewart has just written the music for “It Happened Thus,” a musical comedy, which is now touring the Middle West. @ Miss Cora Caldwell of Dayton, O., is ex- hibiting two portraits at the exhibition in Memorial Hall. @ The pupils of David I. Martin gave their ninth annual recital at Manhattan Casino, New York City. @ The Mozart Society of Fisk University, Nashville, Tenn., gave the “Dream of Gerontius” at its seventy-fourth concert. This concert was directed by Prof. T. W. Talley, and the soloists were: Miss Hen- rietta Loveless, soprano; Miss Eloise Ug- gams, contralto; Mr. Roland Hayes, tenor, and Mr. Henry W. Patton, bass. C Mr. Joseph B. Mason of Baltimore, Md., has five of the early pictures of Henry O. Tanner, which he offers for sale. @ Mrs. Edna Brown Bagnall, assisted by Helen E. Hagan and Clarence C. White, gave a folk-song recital at Franklin Square House, Boston, Mass. C A large audience in Cincinnati witnessed the “Kermess” given by seventy-five girls under the auspices of the Douglass School. Costumes and calcium lights were used, and DANCERS IN THE “‘*KERMESS8”

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116 THE there was a series of folk dances. In the same city an historical pageant of race history was given by the Harriett Beecher Stowe School, under the direction of Miss Jennie E. Porter. GENERAL ONTESTS involving the seating of colored delegates in the National Re- publican Convention were decided for Ala- bama, the District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Texas and Vir- ginia. They involved the seating of sixty- two delegates. @ In the Louisiana contest both the white delegates and the delegation of colored dele- gates were seated, each with a half vote. @ The United Civic League of New York City has adopted resolutions and sent an open letter to the Republican party on lynching and segregation. @ Twelve colored men were appo -nted to West Point between 1870 and 1886. Nine of these were dropped and three graduated: Henry O. Flipper, in 1873; John H. Alex- ander, in 1883, and Charles Young, in 1884. Lieutenant Flipper was discharged from the service in 1882 by court martial; Alexander died in service in 1894, and Major Young is now serving in Mexico. ( President Wilson has dismissed during his service the following co'ored officials: An assistant attorney general, three co!- lectors of internal revenue, a registrar of the treasury, a recorder of deeds, a revenue agent, an auditor in the Navy department, two assistant United States attornies, an assistant registrar of the treasury, a re- ceiver of public money, a collector of the port, a minister to Haiti, and a revenue col- lector, besides a number of minor officials. ( The annual session of the Georgia State Medical Association took place:at Valdosta. ( The Home Sanitarium at Jacksonville, Ill., is a colored hospital with two surgeons, four nurses, sixteen rooms and twenty beds. It has had 487 surgical operations and only seven deaths. C The National Association of Colored Women’s Clubs will meet in Baltimore, Md., next August for four days. Two prizes of 25 each have been offered to women for musical compositions based on Negro music. All compositions should be sent to Mrs. W. T. B. Williams, Himpton, Va., by July 1. @ The Nationa’ Association of Colored CRISIS Graduate Nurses will meet in New York City in August. ¢ A large estate in Springfield, Mass., has been willed to the Springfield Home for Aged Men. This home was founded by a colored man, Primus Mason. @ The governor of New York has an- nounced his intention to form a colored reg- iment in the State Guard with white officers. ( The Northwestern Federation of Col- ored Women’s Clubs convened at Wichita, Kan. The Iowa State Federation convened at Buxton. ( Twenty-six colored people were killed in the burning of a moving picture theatre at Norfolk, Va. ( The Missouri Northwest Colored Orphan- age Hospital has been dedicated at St. Joseph. INDUSTRY HE Pullman Company is offering to sell 5,000 shares of stock to its employees at $155 a share. The number of shares which may be purchased is graded accord- ing to salary received; $500 or less, one share; $500 to $1,000, two shares, etc. @ The colored people of Coatesville, Pa., are planning to erect a three-story audi- torium and lodge room. ( William E. Benjamin of Cheyenne, Wyo., has been appointed manager of the Abstract Department of the Union Trust Company, a $100,000 corporation recently organized in that city. Mr. Benjamin is the only col- ored person connected with the company. ( Colored freight handlers at Chattanooga, Tenn., struck, and forced the stations to close. ( Twenty-seven imported colored workers struck at a Sandusky, O., foundry because they were not paid their promised railroad fare. @ Negro contractors have received a con- tract for a $20,000 colored church at Gal- veston, Tex. @ Evans Johnson, a colored planter at Fort Gibson, Miss., recently sold a farm to Judge Headley of Chicago for $25,000. C William H. Litchferd has_ recently opened a hotel for colored people in Colum- bus, O. It is a three-story building of pressed brick with fifty guest rooms, a din- ing room, lobby, office, parlors and grill. Cc A National Negro Life Insurance Com- pany has been started in Alabama. C A square on South Capitol street, Wash- } } | ing rec ere ing ski ma ore pol Co: tur are dic at bal raj c cue on fro ass tio wh ful onl ral

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ington, D. C., has been selected by the di- rectors of the Ellen Wilson Homes for erecting one hundred and forty small dwell- ings. The buildings will be rented to un- skilled Negro laborers. @ A white lawyer, J. A. Branch, has been made receiver of the property of the col- ored Odd Fellows in Georgia. C Fifty-four colored men have been im- ported to work for the Merrimac Chemical Company and the New England Manufac- turing Company at Woburn, Mass. More are wanted. C Mrs. Nellie Moss has been given a ver- dict of $2,203 from a construction company at Springfield, Ill., for an injury to her hus- band, which resulted in his death. PERSONAL ILLIAM MONROE TROTTER, editor of the Boston Guardian, has been seriously ill, and compelled to undergo an operation. He is convalescing satisfactorily. @ Willis M. Brent, former principal of the school at Boonville, O., and a high Mason, is dead. @ Jesse Wya‘t rescued a white companion from drowning at Crystal City, Mo. @ The president of the Erie railroad has appointed the daughter of a colored steward on his road, George C. Burke, as stenog- rapher in the Erie office at Jersey City. @ Howard Gill, a colored brakeman, res- cued a white girl, Laura Green, from death on the railway at Lake Charles, La. @ Chaplain Prioleau has been detached from the Tenth Cavalry in Arizona and assigned to Schofield Barracks, Honolulu. C At the recent city civil service examina- tion for sanitary inspector held at Seattle, Wash., there were forty-four entrants, of whom twenty-one passed. Of the success- ful number, Dr. Charles F’. Maxwell, the only Negro who entered the examination, ranked fourth. @ The fiftieth birthday of City Council- man H. S. Cummings of Baltimore, Md., was celebrated by a banquet. C R. R. Church, Jr., is the first colored man since 1892 to have a place as delegate- at-large from Tennessee to the Republican National Convention. C R. A. Baxter has been made a highway inspector in Philadelphia, Pa., at a salary of $1,200. C The last surviving participant in John ALONG THE COLOR LINE 117 Brown’s raid, George Pilson, is dead at the age of seventy-four, at Yonkers, N. Y. @ Guy Robbins, secretary of Legation at Monrovia, Liberia, has resigned and re- turned to Omaha, Neb. ( Patents for inventions have been granted to colored inventors as follows:- To H. P. Gonsouland of Louisiana, for toilets on Pull- man trains, which obviate the necessity of closing them at stations; to Arthur Taylor of Illinois, for a trench excavator; to Mrs. M. Turner, of Oakland, Cal., for a citrus fruit press, which she exhibited at the Pan- ama Exposition. @ Aaron Morris, a colored lad, finished fifth out of fifteen hundred runners in the Even- ing Mail marathon in New York City. C A public dinner was given to Bert Wil- liams, the famous comedian, by the Brook- lyn, N. Y., Citizens’ Club. @ John C. Johnson, a prominent colored business man of New York City, is dead. @ Mrs. M. C. Booze has been reappointed post mistress at Mound Bayou City, Miss. ( Binga Dismond has been increasing his reputation as a runner in recent meets in Pennsylvania. @ Fred D. Pollard helped Brown defeat Columbia at a recent meet through his win- ning of the high and low hurdle races. THE CHURCH HE Methodist Episcopal General Con- ference at Saratoga retired, at his re- quest, Isaiah Scott, the only colored mis- sionary bishop, and elected in his place Alexander B. Camphor. It voted also that, conforming to the suggestion of the joint commission, the colored membership of the reorganized church be constituted into one or more quadrennial or jurisdictional con- ferences. This foreshadows the exclusion of colored delegates in the M. E. General Conference when the union of Northern and Southern Methodists is accomplished. @ The African M. E. General Conference was the one hundredth General Conference of the Church, and met in historic Bethel, Philadelphia, Pa. It elected two bishops, the Rev. W. W. Beckett of Charleston, S. C., and the Rev. I. N. Ross of Baltimore, Md., on the third ballot. All the important gen- eral officers were re-elected, the editor of the Review alone having serious opposition. The Conference voted that Bishop Josuah H. Jones be reprimanded for misappropria-

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118 THE tion of funds. The bishops were assigned to districts as follows: First, Tyree; second, Johnson; third, Schaffer; fourth, Coppin; fifth, Parks; sixth, Flipper; seventh, Chap- pelle; eighth, Hurd; ninth, Lee; tenth, Smith; eleventh, Hurst; twelfth, Conner; fifteenth, Jones. The new bishops, Ross and Beckett, were sent to West and South Africa. @ The A. M. E. Zion Conference met in Louisville, Ky., and elected as bishops R. B. Bruce and G. C, Clement of Charlotte, N. C., L. W. Kyles of Winston-Salem, N. C., and W. L. Lee of Brooklyn, N. Y. Bishops Hood and Harris were retired. J. F. Lee was made editor of Sunday school literature, J. H. Anderson, editor of the Star of Zion, C. C. Alleyne, editor of the Quarterly Re- view, W. H. Goler, financial secretary, and the Rev. Mr. Martin, secretary of education. C A testimonial reception was given to the Rev. Dr. Harvey Johnson of Baltimore, for forty-four years of public spirited work. @ The New Union Baptist Church in Philadelphia, Pa., has been dedicated. It is said to have cost over $100,000. (The Rev. Albert Williams of Omaha, Neb., the only colored Episcopal priest in the diocese, has been elected secretary of the diocese. C The general board of the Colored M. E. Church has been in session at Jackson, Tenn. The publishing house reported that $67,361 had been raised; $12,000 was given to struggling churches in debt, and $5,000 to the Chicago church, where the general conference will be held in 1918. GHETTO AMAGE suits for excluding colored peo- ple from theatres have been won by Mack Grant in Nyack, N. Y., and Madeline Davis in Philadelphia, Pa. @ N. Marrable has won a suit against the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati and St. Louis Rail- way Company for $2,646, the difference in wages due him as porter and brakeman. @ Miss Jane R. Bosfield, who was dis- charged from the Medfield, Mass., State Hospital because she insisted upon eating with the staff, has resumed her work on re- ceipt of the following letter from the su- perintendent: “I write to offer to reinstate you to your former position as clerk and stenographer, at the Medfield Hospital. CRISIS Your work will be the same as before, and you will have a room as good as the other clerks and stenographers. You will eat in the dining room with them. Your pay will be the same as before, and you will be given the same privileges as the others.” C A separate building for colored patrons to cost $100,000 is planned by the Memorial Hospital of Richmond, Va. @ The Detroit Federation of Women’s Clubs refused to accept membership in the National Federation because the Detroit Study Club, an organization of thirty-two colored women, is not allowed membership by the constitution of the National Federa- tion. @ Cleveland Gilbreath, colored, served eight years for murder at Montgomery, Ala., and is now proven innocent and “pardoned.” ( There has been no little unrest among the colored people of Richmond, Va., who are suffering from the congested area in which they are forced to live by segrega- tion and economic pressure. Factories are crowding the residential sections in some parts of the city, and very little attention is given to the cleaning of streets in the colored section. On one of the residental streets a dump pile has been started where all kinds of filth and refuse is thrown, thus endangering the lives and health of hun- dreds of people in the neighborhood. C Collier’s Weekly writes the Crisis deny- ing that it discriminates against colored patrons. C The sheriff of Elbert county, Ga., was shot and killed by the son of a judge in the Superior court because of mistreatment to a Negro prisoner. @ White Boy Scouts in Natchez, Miss., are protesting against a charter being given to a local colored company. @ The following lynchings have taken place since our last record: May 5, Hempstead, Tex., Tom Dickson, hanged by mob. He was accused of attack- ing a fourteen-year-old girl. May 15, Waco, Tex., Jesse Washington, burned by mob. Accused of rape and mur- der. May 27, Prescott, Ark., Felix Gilmore, hanged by mob. He was accused of at- tempting to attack a seventeen-year-old girl. a mak mewn, & & an by > bel rr ee ee ee Oe a ae el ee | Cw

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S nearly as we can calculate from im- perfect records there were 338 colored persons who received the Bachelor’s degree in Arts and Science this spring, as com- pared with 281 in 1915, and 250 in 1914. This takes no account of graduates: from certain Southern institutions which are far below grade, and it is certain that omis- sions would bring the real number of grad- uates up to at least 360. The record in detail follows: THE LEADING UNIVERSITIES ARVARD UNIVERSITY, Cambridge, Mass., sent forth two Bachelors in Arts: J. S. Forrester, Jr., of Newport, R. I., and Lloyd Wheeler; B. P. Hurst, the son of Bishop Hurst, graduated from the Medical school. From Yale University, New Haven, Conn., came two Bachelors: C. A. Tribbett, of New Haven, Conn., from the Sheffield Scientific School, and A. C. MacNeal, of New Orleans, La., from the College. W. M. Ashby graduated from the school of Re- ligion. Columbia University, New York, gave an A. M. to one colored student: F. B. Wash- ington, of New York City, and an M. D., to J. L. Wilson. The University of Chicago, Illinois, gave Ernest Everett Just, of Washington, D. C., (Spingarn Medalist of 1915), the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the department of Zoology and Physiology. ‘He has a high record, and is a member of the honorary scientific society of Sigma Xi.” From the course in Arts was graduated William H. Haynes, of Nashville, Tenn., a graduate of Morehouse College. He has distinguished himself in debating, being on the winning team against the University of Michigan and also winning first place in the Julius Rosenwald Oratorical Contest with a cash prize of $100. Miss Beatrice E. Lee won her Bachelors degree in March with honor, and Miss Annabel Carey received her Ph. B., and Miss Eva Overton her A. B. The University of Illinois, Urbana, be- stowed her dectorate of Philosophy upon St. Elmo Brady, a Fisk graduate, for work in organic chemistry. The University also Our Graduates 119 sends out four Bachelors in Arts: D. J. Amos, C. J. McCordell, B. F. Kenner, and Miss E. H. Stevens. The University of Wisconsin graduates two Bachelors: E. C. Warrick and H. S. Murphy. At Ohio State University, Columbus, the graduating class of over nine hundred had ten colored graduates, of whom four were from the Arts courses: Daniel LeRoy Fer- guson, of Institute, W. Va., not only made a record as an athlete, but was elected class orator over one of the most active and prominent seniors on the campus. He holds the four mile cross country intercollegiate record. The other Bachelors in Arts were: Albert S. Beckham, John B. McClellan (a nephew of Lieutenant Greene of the United States Army), and George A. Mundy. L. P. Henderson graduated in Law, C. H. Minor and F. W. Wand in Veterinary Medicine, and J. R. Finley, C. A. Lindsay and C. R. Lewis in Medicine. Mr. Lewis “has high scholastic standing in the medical course.” Mr. Henderson finished both the law and arts course in six years. Mr. Beckham has special mention for creditable work in psy- chology, history and English. E. L. Loring and E. W. Diggs graduated in Arts from Indiana University, Bloom- ington. From Dartmouth College, Hanover, N. H., E. S. Cunningham and L. Y. Granger received the degree of Bachelor of Science. Granger was a member of the Dartmouth track team for four years. The University of Kansas, Lawrence, sent out four graduates in Arts: the Misses Hazel Hurst, Byrdie Jackson and Louise Craig from the College, and E. S. Perry from the Fine Arts department. Other graduates were G. J. Booker, in Law, and A. Williams in Pharmacy. The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, had three graduates from the Arts depart- ment: L. S. Evans, A. A. Taylor and Miss Patricia Ferguson. From the Dental col- lege graduated D. J. Grimes and S. D. Sparks, and from the Medical school, L. B. Lapsley. Oberlin College, Oberlin, O., maintains her prominence as a teacher of colored youth. There were seven colored graduates

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THE CRISIS ef / MISS B. MORYCK Vellesley MISS V. WARREN beriin J. McCLELLAN ( Mhio State Cc. TRIBBETT \ Yale GRADUATES OF LEADING INSTITUTIONS MISS P. COWAN berlin MISS E. OVERTON Chicag L. WHEELER Harvard E, DIGGS Indiana MISS L. JOHNSON MISS E. PINKNEY A. MacNEAL W. HAYNES Chicago MISS B. LEE Chicago MISS P. FERGUSON B. ALLEN Deriin F. SUMNER Clark

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OUR GRADUATES D, FERGUSON Ohio State J. TRIGG Syracuse from the college of Arts: Miss. Hortense Mitchell, who was elected to the Phi Beta Kappa; B. W. P. Allen, who represented the college in the Oratorical League, 1915; D. W. Anthony, Jr., W. A. Mollison, and the Misses Lucy W. Johnson, Patsy G. Cowan and Aurelia H. Williams. From the con- servatory of Music three were graduated: the Misses C. L. Nickerson, V. W. Warren and E. E. Pinkney. Clark University, Worcester, Mass., sent forth one Bachelor in Arts, F. C. Sumner, and two Masters in Arts, H. H. Long and B. L. Waits. Radcliffe College, Cambridge, Mass., graduated Miss Marion Wilson, “a very pleasant young woman,” who “has been very much liked by the students.” Wellesley College, Wellesley, Mass., grad- uated Miss Brenda E. R. Moryck. LEADING COLORED COLLEGES os . UNIVERSITY, Washington, D. C., granted 184 degrees; 7 in The- ology, 12 in Medicine, 42 in Dentistry, 17 in Pharmacy and 28 in Law. From the Arts courses there were 78 graduates: 49 from the regular College, and 29 from the Teach- ers college. Fisk University, Nashville, Tenn., gradu- ated 25 from College. Miss Laura Ella Drake was the ranking scholar. Atlanta University, Atlanta, Ga., gradu- ated 7 from College, 14 from the Normal school and 30 from the High School. Miss Mae Belle Maxwell led the College class. Lincoln University, Pennsylvania, gradu- ated 16 in Theology and 24 from College. Charles Reed Saulter led the College class. Virginia Union University, Richmond, had 5 High School graduates and 9 Col- lege graduates. Charles Spurgeon Johnson led the College. E. Peary Kansas W. MOLLISON Oberlin Talladega College, Talladega, Ala., had 10 High School graduates and 10 College grad- uates. Miss Norma E. Duncan led the Col- lege class. Talladega has 800 acres of land, and an endowment of over $200,000. Wilberforce University, Wilberforce, O., had 64 graduates from the High School and Normal courses and 10 College graduates. Miss Ruby A. Martin was the ranking scholar. Morehouse College, Atlanta, Ga., had 9 College graduates, ranked by Edward Birk- stiner. Morehouse will erect a new dormitory this summer, toward which the college stu- dents raised $1,000 in two months. Knoxville College, Nashville, Tenn., graduated 39 in the Normal course and 6 from College. George Crenshaw Bell was the ranking scholar of the College class. Benedict College, Columbia, S. C., gradu- ated 5 in the College preparatory depart- ment, 5 in the Ministers department and 9 Bachelors in Arts. G. C. Williams led the College class. Biddle University, Charlotte, N. C., grad- uated 9 from the High School, 4 from the school of Theology and 22 from the Arts course. Philander Smith College, Little Rock, Ark., graduated 16 from the High School and 11 from the College course. The rank- ing scholar was Asa E. Lee. Arkansas Baptist College, Little Rock, graduated 30 from the High School and 7 from the College course. N. the College class. OTHER NORTHERN COLLEGES URDUE UNIVERSITY, Lafayette, Ind., had one graduate in Pharmacy, M. Kaufman. F. Jackson led

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MISS M. MAXWELL Atlanta G. BELL Kn x7 Cc. JOHNSON irginta Union A. LEE Philander Smith THE CRISIS RANKING SCHOLARS, COLORED INSTITUTIONS MISS I. ROBINSON MISS R. MARTIN MISS C. GARDNER ra te Vilt j 1 & M, burg Sta rferce f r a ¢ « . JACKSON G. McDONALD L. CROCKER P. MASON G. HENDERSON B. COFER Langston Roger Hi ” Morris Brown C, SAULTER G. WILLIAMS E. BIRKSTINER Lincoln Benedict Morehouse st Greensbor traight

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OUR GRADUATES a FORK«STER MISS A. CAREY | Harvard Chicago Syracuse. University, Syracuse, N. Y., graduated Joseph E. Trigg, a Washington, D. C., M Street High School man, who has been a member of the ’varsity football team and the ’varsity crew; also Mr. Bowzer, who has been prominent in athletics, and L. H. Caldwell, who graduated from the College of Fine Arts, and displayed con- siderable talent in music. James Vernon Herrick graduated from Fine Arts in Paint- ing. The University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylva- nia, sent out two graduates in the Arts course: J. P. Dancy and F. A. Turner; W. M. Banks and J. C. Webster graduated from the school of Engineering, and J. A. Jackson from the school of Pharmacy. From the University of Washington, Se- attle, was graduated Miss Alice W. Smith. From Colgate University, Hamilton, N. Y., B. T. Harvey, Jr., graduated. He was a member of the ’varsity track team. At the University of Cincinnati, Ohio, Miss Ethel La May and D. Turner received degrees. Ohio University, Athens, O., sent out four with the Bachelors degree: the Misses E. C. Lee and M. J. Hunley and Messrs. L. Barnett and F. C. Seelig. The two young women have made “records above the aver- age in scholarship.” Mr. the University track team. Iowa State College of Agriculture, Ames, Ia., graduated R. A. Hamilton, of Louisi- ana. Denison University, Granville, O., gradu- ated L. T. Hickman, who was a good foot- ball player. Boston University, Mass., sent out three graduates in Medicine: E. N. McLaughlin, H. C. Turner and Miss Bessie B. Tharps; and one graduate in Theology, J. L. M. Farmer. Barnett was on L. EVANS Michigan L. GRANGER Dartmouth Kansas State Agricultural College, Man- hattan, sent out Miss Florence Baker and Joseph J. Abernathy, “who is considered one of the brightest men in his class.” Iowa State Teachers College, Cedar Falls, Ia., graduated Miss Murda Beason in March, and will graduate Miss Vivian Smith in August. “Both these young ladies have done good, strong work.” Tufts College, Massachusetts, sent out C. K. Brown from the Dental School D. M. Scott from the Medical school. From Temple came three from and University, Philade!phia, the college of Liberal Arts: Miss E. M. Moore, J. A. Thompson and C. W. Nelson. Mr. Nelson held the C. C. Harrison Foundation Scholarship, and attained a general average of 95 per cent during the last year. Other graduates of this University were: S. A. DeCosta and H. IF. H. Dickinson in Dentistry; W. B. Carter and C, A. Lanon in Medicine; W. L. Brandon in Pharmacy, and 6 graduates in other departments. Percy E. Greene graduated from the Col- lege of the City of New York with the de- gree of A.B. The Detroit College of Medicine gradu- ated W. H. M. Johnson, and M. A. Cary graduated as pharmacist from the Detroit Technical Institute. F. J. Handy received the degree of Mas- ter of Arts from New York University. This institution also graduated one Bachelor in Arts, Lewis Samuel Davidson. young man who ing.” R. E. Lee received the degree of A. B. at Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, O. E. C. Yates received the degree of A. B. at Michigan Agricultural College, East Lan- sing, in December last. During his second “He isa is ambitious and deserv-

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CRISIS EEE GRADUATES OF NORTHERN INSTITUTIONS MISS E. MOORE MISS E. LEE MISS E. LA MAY MISS M. BEASON Ohi Cincin lowa State Teachers MISS M. HUNLEY L. HICKMAN Cc, NELSON J. WEBSTER Ok Dentisor Temple Pittsburg B. HARVEY, JR. Temple R. LEE P. GREENE J. ABERNATHY t I v of New York \ State Agricultural ( L. BARNETT R. HA MILTON W. BANKS TURNER lowa State Pittsburg Cincinnati

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OUR GRADUATES W. ASHBY Yale MISS M. WILSON Radcliffe year Mr. Yates was Second Lieutenant in the College band. OTHER COLORED COLLEGES ISHOP COLLEGE, Marshall, Tex., 9 Bachelors in Arts. Morris Brown University, Atlanta, Ga., 31 High School graduates and 4 College graduates. Paine College, Augusta, Ga., 1 Norma! and 3 College graduates. Straight College, New Orleans, La., 50 High and Normal School graduates, 4 Bachelors in Arts and 1 Master in Arts. Georgia State Industrial College, Savan- nah, 18 College graduates and 16 High School graduates. New Orleans University, Louisiana, 38 High School graduates and 1 College grad- uate. Morgan College, Baltimore, Md., 11 Bach- elors in Arts and 37 Normal graduates. Rust College, Holly Springs, Miss., 1 Bachelor in Arts and 7 High School gradu- ates. Roger Williams University, Nashville, Tenn., 5 Normal graduates and 1 college graduate. Spelman Seminary, Atlanta, Ga., 3 Col- lege graduates and 38 from High and Nor- mal courses. A. and T. College of Greensboro, N. C., 9 Bachelors of Science. Tougaloo College, Tougaloo, Miss., 23 High School graduates and 3 College grad- uates. Florida A. and M. College, Tallahassee, 25 High School and 11 College graduates. The Colored A. and M. College, Langston, Okla., 4 College graduates and 8 from the High School. Lane College, Jackson, Tenn., 2 College graduates and 10 High School graduates. MISS A. SMITH Washington J. THOMPSON Temple Hartshorn Memorial College, Richmond, Va., 1 College graduate and 7 High School graduates. There were 29 High School graduates from Shaw University, Raleigh, N. C. The State A: and M. College, Orange- burg, S. C., 6 College graduates and 62 Normal graduates. Gammon Seminary, Atlanta, Ga., gradu- ated 14 in Theology. Virginia Theological Seminary, burg, Va., graduated 5 in Theology. HIGH AND NORMAL SCHOOLS NLY a few of the High and Normal schools can be mentioned in addition to the High School departments already noted: Hampton Institute, Hampton, Va., 90 academic graduates and 69 graduates from the industrial departments. Storer College, Harper’s Ferry, W. Va., 42 High School graduates. Jackson College, Jackson, Miss., 17 High School and Normal graduates. Lincoln Institute, Jefferson City, Mo., 44 Normal graduates. Cheyney Training School, Cheyney, Pa., 18 graduates. The Chandler Normal School, Lexington, Ky., 7 High School graduates. Howe Institute, Memphis, Tenn., 12 High Sehool graduates. Virginia Normal and Industrial Institute, Petersburg, 111 High School graduates. The State A. and I. Normal School, Nash- ville, Tenn., 35 Normal graduates. The Washington, D. C., Normal School, 65 graduates. Prairie View State Normal School, Prai- rie View, Tex., 110 High School graduates. West Virginia Collegiate Institute, Insti- tute, W. Va., 46 High School graduates. Lynch-

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THE CRISIS RANKING SCHOLARS AND LISTINGUISHED GRADUATES MISS H. FREEMAN MISS I. MIDDLETON Christiansburg Avery MISS C. KYLES MISS V. QUEEN Hartshorn Lincoln Institute MISS J. WRIGHT H. COCHREL Virginia N. & I. Howe Cc. GIBSON R. MILLER Tuskegee Florida Baptist MISS M. ROBESON Cheyney MISS F. SMITH MISS R. POLK Tougaloo MISS ROBINSON Harrisburg, Pa Prairie View R. MOODY L. ROGERS Vew Brunswick, N. J. Gary, Ill. L. HICKMAN _A. DOBBINS Hartford, Conn. Normal, Nashville ‘

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GREATNESS MISS C. NICKERSON MISS B. JACKSON Oberlin i Kansas Ballard Normal School, Macon, Ga., 19 High School graduates. Christiansburg Industrial Institute, Cam- bria, Va., 4 High School graduates. Alcorn A. and M. College, Alcorn, Miss., 27 graduates from its highest course. Florida Baptist Academy, Jacksonville, 16 High School graduates. Avery Normal Institute, Charleston, S. C., 27 High School graduates. Scotia Seminary, Convord, N. C., 22 High School graduates. The Brick School, Bricks, N. C., 11 High School graduates. St. Augustine’s School, Raleigh, N. C., 18 High School graduates. Lincoln Institute, Lincoln Ridge, Ky., 15 High School graduates. LEADING COLORED HIGH SCHOOLS HERE were graduated the following students from full four-year courses: M Street High School, Washington, D. C., 116. Armstrong Manual Washington, D. C., 82. Colored High School, 58. Colored High School, St. Louis, Mo., 51. (Jan., 15; June, 36). Colored High School, Louisville, Ky., 43. Colored High School, Kansas City, Mo., 40. Training School, Baltimore, Md., A. BECKHAM MISS A. WILLIAMS i Ohio State berlin Colored High School, Kansas City, Kan., 27. Colored High School, Wilmington, Del., Ts IN WHITE HIGH SCHOOLS A LWAYS in public High Schools of the North there are many colored stu- dents who win distinction. Out of many cases we note a few: Robert Moody gradu- ated from the New Brunswick, N. J., High School with an average of 96 per cent. At Rutgers College, New Brunswick, N. J., E. L. Robeson, a Freshman, won the first prize in oratory. Leslie M. Rogers is the first colored graduate of the Gary, IIl., High School. Louis Hickman, of Hartford, Conn., was elected Mayor of the Northeast- ern School City District. He is also Cap- tain of the Basketball and Football teams, and also of the Hockey team. Miss Robin- son, a fourteen year old girl of Harrisburg, Pa., was musician for the folk dances given by the school. Miss Rachael J. Redmun was graduated as number six in a class of thirty-two at Wellsville, O. There are recorded above 2 Doctors of Philosophy and 35 Bachelors in Arts from leading Northern institutions; and 27 from other Northern colleges. Besides these there were 215 Bachelors in Arts from leading colored colleges and 61 from other colored institutions. GREATNESS BA E call him great for whom men strong and sure, Charged with the leaping lightning of his will, By Lucian B. WATKINS US Crush mountains, shatter worlds and mold them o’er, But he who rules himself is greater still. er

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The Looking Glass LITERATURE M’*s ALICE WERNER, an English expert in ethnology, has just pub- lished through the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, a pamphlet on “The Bantu Coast Tribes of the East Africa Protectorate.” The pamphlet contains a great deal of careful and detailed information together with a number of plates. We quote one legend: “Long ago there was a man San- gowere; he was not born, he was a man without father or mother; we call him ‘the man who appeared.’ Well, when he ap- peared and came into the world, he pro- duced the Buu tribe. And the Buu tribe increased. And while they were cultiva- tors, they also had many cattle, and they made friendship with the Galla. When the Galla saw that they had cattle, they strove and strove and strove, and the Wapakomo were conquered, and the Galla took away from them all their cattle, and they be- came subject to the Galla. And when the cattle fell sick, the Wapakomo were called in to cure them, and God (Muungu) helped them, till the great sickness of the cattle was cured; but at first they did not cease killing them. Well, during the first fight- ing they (the Pokomo) left the country, but the Galla did not want them to leave and go to another country, but they just went. Those who stayed behind hid themselves in pits—some lived there for years, others died there in the earth.” Rabbi Joseph Krauskopf, of Philadelphia, has been preaching a series of sermons, of which number five, on the “American Ne- gro,” has been issued in pamphlet form. The pamphlet concludes: “Inequality be- fore the law between the white and colored American must cease. Lynch law must be rooted out. To the disfranchisement of the Negro-citizen an effective stop must be put. Having dragged the Negro from his coun- try to ours, and made a slave of him, hav- ing set him free, after two and a half cen- turies of bondage, he is entitled, by all that is right and holy, to his full freedom, and to all the educational and economic advan- tages that may make his freedom a bless- ing to the white man as well as to him- self.” Mr. Alain LeRoy Locke has issued a syl- labus of an extension course of lectures on “Race Contacts and Inter-Racial Rela- tions.” It consists of five theses with bib- liographies. The chief justice of Liberia has issued a small pamphlet of nineteen pages on his country, containing the substance of an oration delivered last year. We have received the Richard Allen Monthly, a Sunday school journal issued by the A. M. E. Union, Nashville, Tenn. W. V. Jenkins has published a book of short stories for the benefit of the Gate City Free Kindergarten Association of At- lanta, Ga. Mr. B. G. Brawley has published in the Dial the leading article on the “Negro in American Fiction.” The article ends with this: “Some day we shall work out the problems of our great country. Some day we shall not have a state government set at defiance, and the massacre of Ludlow. Some day our little children will not slave in mines and mills, but will have some chance at the glory of God’s creation; and some day the Negro will cease to be a prob- lem and become a human being. Then, in truth, we shall have the Promised Land. But until that day comes let those who mould our ideals and set the standards of our art in fiction at least be honest with themselves and independent. Ignorance we may for a time forgive; but a man has only himself to blame if he insists on not seeing the sunrise in the new day.” POLITICS EMOCRACY in Oklahoma is _illus- trated by the following correspond- ence: BoLey, OKLA. 5/4/16. To the Governor, Hon. R. L. WILLIAMs, Oklahoma City, Okla. Dear Sir: We, the United Colored Citizens of Boley, Okfuskee county, precinct No. 7, in mass meeting assembled on the above date men- tioned, unite in petitioning your Honor as 128 =~ ee coe woos ae

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follows: First, we have abundant and un- impeachable proof that we have made every honest effort and endeavor to get regis- tered under the new law, but have been unsuccessful after four days’ trial, follow- ing the appointment.of the precinct regis- trar. We succeeded in finding him, and asked to be registered. He resigned rather than register Negroes. We also have reli- able evidence that during: the first three days of his appointment he went in person to the white citizens in our precinct and registered them, then resigned before we Negroes could be registered. No registrar has been appointed in his stead to our knowledge, and we are unable to find out. If one has been appointed, even from the proper source we, therefore, have no one to register us, and there remains but a few more days under the new law to be regis- tered. This is National Election Year and we desire to vote for U. S. congressmen if for no other candidate, although we would be proud to exercise our full Elective Fran- chise guaranteed to us by the State and Nat:onal Constitution. We, therefore, make this earnest appeal to you as chief execu- tive of the state (as local recourses have been exhausted) that you enforce the laws of this state, and see that the county regis- trar appoints the precinct registrar at once, and report to you his appointee, and you report to us through W. E. Rainwater by wire at our expense. We remain very respectfully yours, COLORED CITIZENS OF BOLEY, OKLA., Okfuskee county, precinct, OKLAHOMA CITY, OKLA., EXECUTIVE DEPT. May 5, 1916. Mr. J. S. MANNING, Boley, Okla. Dear Sir: I have received your wire under date of May 4. I immediately attempted to get in com- munication with the secretary of the Sen- ate, who appoints the county registrars, and ascertained that he had not returned from Texas county. About two weeks ago I was advised that he had gone to Texas county under the advice of his physician, he being at the time very unwell, and that he had not returned. I will still further try to get in touch with him and if I am able to do so, I will advise him of the situation in your precinct, THE CRISIS 129 so he can take up the matter with the county registrar as to filling the vacancy in your precinct. You are probably aware of the fact that the governor of the state has nothing to do with the appointing of the county registrars. Yours very truly, A. N. LECRAFT, Secretary to the Governor. The Black Dispatch, a colored paper of Oklahoma, says: “Saturday, April 20, the editor of this paper decided to vote in the bond election. So with much speed he put in his appear- ance at the voting place in precinct 13 of the Second ward. With studied intention he presented his registration certificate to the election judge, H. Sonneschin, without verbal disclosure of his name. Sonnesch:n gazed thereon for a full minute, his brow wrinkled; finally he said sternly: ‘What is your name?’ Dunjee answered: ‘There it is written on that piece of paper.’ About tii s time the other judge reached over and possessed himself of the ‘Belshazzer Docu- ment’ and instantly snorted, ‘I can’t read this.’ Dunjee answered: ‘I can’t either, but to save you any further trouble I would like to state that the man who worked on that tried to write ‘Roscoé Dunjee.’ Shades of high heaven! to think that the state of Oklahoma would pass a literacy test election law, and then place the admin- istration of that law into the hands of men who themselves are not literate. Registra- tion certificates are supposed to be used for purposes of identification, but when the thing does not identify what must one do? Those judges Saturday did not know to whom that registration certificate belonged, not if they decided by the writing. That style of handwriting, of McCormick’s, grows cold quickly, and the low temperature it created Saturday was very pronounced. One thing is certain: Old man Consistency has got to put in his appearance in Okla- homa, and with a big stick loosen up the skulls of those who think that men who are ignorant and illiterate ought to have the right to sit in judgment upon those who have forgotten more than they can ever know.” The colored people are pressing forward to use the few political rights that are left them in the South. The Norfolk, Va., Journal and Guide is appealing for votes against the mayor:

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130 THE “No mayor within a period of forty years has treated the colored citizens of Norfolk with the contempt that has been accorded them from the present mayor’s office. . “The city council passed a resoiution ap- propriating $400.00 for the entertainment of the National Convention of the Colored Elks that met in Norfolk in August, 1914. The mayor vetoed the appropriation and the colored citizens never got the money. “When the vicious photo-play, ‘The Birth of a Nation,’ was advertised to appear here white and colored citizens appealed to the mayor to forbid the play. He declined to act, and after its appearance here sent a letter to Richmond’s mayor approving the play. “When the Negro Organization Society, a body that has been addressed by the gov- ernor of the state and other influential white citizens, met in Norfolk, the mayor was invited to welcome the body, but de- clined to do so. “Mayor Mayo declined an inv:tation to make a welcome address to the annual con- ference of the Colored Methodist Episcopal Church which met in Norfolk in April. Nor did he designate any one to represent him. “The mayor was asked to extend an offi- cial welcome to the Virginia Baptist State Convention which met in Norfolk last month, and refused to do so, or to desiz- nate any one to represent him. “He was invited to welcome the Baptist General Association of Virginia which met in Norfolk in May of this year, but iznored the invitation. “Upon all occasions and under all cir- cumstances, therefore, the mayor of the whole city of Norfolk, who is supposed to be the mayor of all citizens, white and black, has been unapproachable where one body or group of citizens was concerned, and has given thousands of visitors to the city the impression that the mayor of the city is entirely out of touch and out of sym- pathy with the 35,000 colored citizens under his jurisdiction. “Colored citizens should register their disapproval of the mayor’s course by vot- ing against him in the election on Tuesday, June 13.” The Bessemer, Ala., Weekly says that Thomas J. Judge, a candidate for Congress, has been attacking a rival candidate, Hud- CRISIS dleston, because “Mr. Huddleston made a speech before the Bar Association in Montgomery in 1912, in which he used the following language: ‘The right of suffrage should be extended irrespective of race or sex, irrespective of everything save honesty and intelligence.’ “Mr. Judge dramatically responded to this, ‘The white men of Alabama will never consent to Negro suffrage.’ ” The Weekly points out that so far as the letter of the law is concerned colored men can still vote in Alabama, and it is inter- esting to learn that Mr. Huddleston has been elected to Congress since his speech, and still more recently has defeated Mr. Judge in the Democratic primaries. The Louisville, Ky., Courier Journal says tersely: “The Courier Journal has never over- looked an opportunity to advise’ the Negro voter to vote as a man and a citizen and not as the ‘nigger’ of any political party. The same advice is due any Ameri- can, of whatever color or racial extraction, who is asked to become a cog in political machinery and surrender his _ personal views, his political independence, his man- hood, to an organization which has aims and objects of its own, one of which is own- ing him.” The South and its “Copper-head” friends, like Borah, of Idaho, are straining every nerve to make woman suffrage a “Negro” problem. Harriett Stanton Blatch, who has been talking in Idaho, goes after the Sena- tor this way: “Senator Borah argues that as the Fif- teenth amendment has not been enforced for the colored man, a federal amendment for women’s suffrage would be but a fraud upon the Negro women. The answer is ob- vious: If Senator Borah thinks the amend- ments his- party passed are not enforced and yet ought to be, why has he not fought steadily ever since he has been in the Sen- ate for the accomplishment of his beliefs? Why does he seek to ease his conscience by penalizing women politically?” A “Northern woman,” yclept Mrs. Albert T. Leatherbee, writes to the Selma, Ala., Journal: “It is beyond the comprehension of one who has traveled in this region to imagine how any Southern white women cou'd have been inveigled into a movement so fraught

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with danger to the best interests of that section and which is so menacing, not only to its social, political and economic future, but to its very existence. “We of the North have become accus- tomed to the suffrage assertions, constantly reiterated from their platforms, that the white women of the country are in the same condition as the ante-bellum male Negroes of the South, and that we, too, need emancipation. We are used to the spectacle of suffrage workers pleading with Negro men to give white women the ballot, and we are perfectly familiar with the jibes thrown at the anti-suffrage women to the effect that, like the black-slaves of the sixties, we do not realize our slavery, and have not mental capacity to desire political freedom. . “Southern chivalry should be, and un- doubtedly is based upon more solid founda- tions. In kindness to the misguided suf- frage women themselves, as well as for the political and racial welfare of all, and the prosperity and progress of their sovereign states, Southern men should refuse to heed the foolish and fatal song of the suffrage sirens.” The suffragists of Columbus, O., in ap- pealing for help from their colored sisters, elicited this sharp reply: “We are of the opinion that in a general sense there is no good reason why all wo- men should not have suffrage. If by assist- ing in the procurement of this great con- stitutional right we do not injure ourselves, and on the contrary, can add anything to our means of defense and betterment as a race, we are willing to do it. It is certain that the granting of suffrage would be of no practical advantage to colored women, if by the enfranchisement of white women we help to increase the number of our civil and political oppressors. We have opposi- tion enough in our struggle as a race for our civil rights and cannot consent to in- crease the forces against us. “We have the impression that some of the members of your organization favor race discrimination and segregation as against colored people with reference to their polit- ical and civil rights. In fact it has been stated that much of the race discrimination now apparent in places of public entertain- ment, amusement, hotels, soda foantains (even in our department stores), and dis- THE LOOKING GLASS 131 crimination against colored émployees has its origin among the prominent white wo- men of this city, including some of your association. “We believe in the homely maxim, ‘One good turn deserves another.’ We are will- ing to cooperate with you in the effort to obtain the adoption of a suffrage amend- ment to the Constitution on certain con- siderations and conditions; we are willing to assist you if you are willing to assist us. If your association will actively and ear- nestly aid us in our movement to prevent race discrimination in this city against col- ored people, and will cooperate with us at all times, and ways, to prevent the abuses to which we are constantly subjected in public places of accommodation and enjoy- ment, in residence localities, office buildings, employment, etc., we will use our influence energetically among the men of our race to further the adoption of the suffrage amend- ment and will cooperate with you fully and sincerely in the promotion of your cause at all times and places where it is wise and profitable that we should do so. “It is a generally known fact that the men of our race have been so deceived and mistreated in their efforts to secure justice, and their civil and political rights, that they do not generally favor women’s suf- frage because to them the ballot in the hands of white women appears only in the light of an increased number of civil and political oppressors. Therefore, we will have a task of some magnitude and difficulty to prevent their voting against it. But we think if the white women prove their fairness by assisting us as herein mentioned we can wield a great influence with the men of our race if we undertake to do so.” LABOR RANK D. RASH of Kentucky said at the National Association of Manufac- turers in New York, City: “In advance of the Negro’s industrial progress has gone very naturally his moral and educational development, and the eager- ness with which many are seizing every advantage offered by their institutions plainly foreshadows a still more wonderful development in all those attributes which go to make up citizens of whom we will have no reason to feel ashamed.

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132 THE CRISIS “In the light of these conditions, is there not good reason to consider this Southern Negro as one of the South’s greatest in- dustrial assets, and does it not behoove Southern industry to deal with him so fair- ly, so honestly, so uprightly as to maintain unimpaired that loyalty and strong feel- ing of common interest found in this plain, straightforward workman?” SCHOOLS HE Tattler, a colored paper of Musko- gee, Okla., talks plainly about the in- defensible treatment of colored schools: “There is no legal, fair or reasonable ex- cuse for the closing of the Negro schools, while the white schools are continued throughout the term of nine months. It is simply one of the tricks of the pot-house crowd, who have been mistrusted with the school affairs of the people of the district, and have presumed in their power that peo- ple must stand for anything they do. It is the fault of our leading men of the race, that our people stand for such acts from the school board, which the people know are contrary to law and without precedent. It seems to be a modern case of Jacob and Esau, and the sale of the birth-right for the mess of pottage. . ... “We have had schools in Oklahoma, when we had no money at all and the will of the people as expressed at the annual meeting of the district was respected, and the term finished in accord with their wishes. The law provides that the school may be con- tinued, and that a tax shall be made to cover the length of the term. The Musko- gee School Board has robbed the Negro children of a part of the term of school. They have maliciously taken from them that which is guaranteed them under the law and by common consent of the whole people of the state, the county and the na- tion. If the same act had been committed upon people who are able to defend them- selves, they would have been run out of the community as undesirable citizens and would forever be treated as dangerous crim- inals. “Mrs. A. C. Perdue, one of the teachers of the city school, who had the backbone to have an opinion, and to express it, offered her services free, for the balance of the term, if the board would let her have the use of the building, which was denied her, and the men who were present at the meet- ing where she made this offer dared not open their mouths, to endorse or repudiate her action. If the affairs of the race were turned over to the women for a while we might expect some advancement. One thing might be predicted; that the women would not take fifty years to do what might be accomplished in a few months. They would show some nerve, at least.” Florida Catholics have been aroused by an attempt to enforce the law against white teachers in colored schools. Congregation- alists and other denominations weakly sur- rendered and withdrew their white teach- ers, but the Catholics have placidly gone along ignoring the law for three years. The New Orleans, La., Morning Star says: “The wheels of state courts were set in motion by six Negroes. They are: D. G. Adger, H. H. Johanson, N. Williams, Robt. Houston, H. G. Tye, J. A. Jackson. Back of them were the white bigots, who have not the manhood or principle of a dead mouse, bigots who are mere apologies for men and who dare not show their faces or give their names. The bigots in power knew that bigots with votes were behind the move. “Hence the arrest of three Catholic sis- ters on Easter Monday in St. Augustine. There is no use in hiding the state’s shame. The people of Florida have courted this shame.” It continues, editorially: “The outrageous and disgraceful action ef the governor of Florida in issuing an order to the sheriff at St. Augustine to ar- rest the sisters of St. Joseph in that city because they were teaching little colored children to read and write and know the name of God, prompts the question, Are freedom and religious liberty doomed in America? Is the proud boast that we are a nation of freemen to become a myth and a farce?” The Miami, Fla., Herald says: “It is fair to ask the people of the state to contemplate the position in which Flor- ida will be placed in the eyes of other states, when it becomes known that under a law passed in 1913, common missionary work done in private schools will subject the teacher to imprisonment and fine.” It is pleasing to know that the law was promptly declared unconstitutional by the Florida courts, and the Atlanta, Ga., Con- stitution says:

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“Action of the Florida circuit court in declaring unconstitutional the law enacted in that state prohibiting white persons from teaching in Negro schools, or vice versa, will be commended by all conservative and right-thinking citizens.” The San Francisco, Cal., Monitor adds: “Three nuns of Florida were recently ar- rested for violating a new law making it illegal for white persons to teach Negroes in that state. The case wiil be carried to the Supreme Court of the United States. Before the Civil War a_ distinguished French traveler wrote of his visit to a Southern family: ‘I came to the land of liberty and the door was opened by a slave.’ Evidently the slave spirit has not com- pletely vanished from the South.” “SASSING BACK” EWS and comment in the Crisis call forth much counter opinion. The Selma, Ala., Times publishes this reply of Helen Keller to attacks upon her on account of her letter in the CRISis: “*T have gone through my letter to Mr. Oswald Garrison Villard of New York, printed as a paid advertisement in the Selma Journal, sentence by sentence, and I do not find a phrase that justifies the ed‘tor’s as- sertion that I advocate the social equality of white people and Negroes, so repugnant to all. “*The equality I advocated in my letter is the equality of all men before the law, which the Constitution of the United States is supposed to guarantee to every American citizen. I believe we should never do unto a son or daughter of God what one would not have done unto his own son or daughter. That is my idea of the teachings of Christ. ““In my spoken and written words I try always to be faithful to the truth as I un- derstand it. If my words written in this spirit, result in the loss of engagements in any part of the country, I shall regard that loss as an offering to the cause of honest thought, and the sacrifice wll afford me true happiness. “*The editor of the Selma Journal printed for a consideration words which he de- scribed editorially as “full of untruths, full of fawning and boot-licking phrases.” There are times when we are honored by the enemies we make. The insult wh‘ch the “Alabamian” flings at the woman who has been my teacher and faithful helper for THE LOOKING GLASS 133 twenty-nine years deserves the contempt which I am sure it will receive from every right thinking man and woman in the South. “*HELEN KELLER.’ ” A writer in the Times says: “This girl, noble in character, superb in intellect, marvelous in attainment, came not into our midst to inflict nor promulgate any views she may have relegated to herself the right to possess, but came to tell the sim- ple story of a life, the marvel of the world today. She was brought as a guest to whom we might do homage, having attained the highest pinnacle of fame, a life unscathed, unspotted, without blemish, pure, undefiled. Yet, now upon Selma’s boasted escutcheon must needs lie the dark blot of having of- fended by gross injustice this world-famed, world-be!oved daughter, the marvel of all nations, and with it all the beloved daugh- ter of our own state. “We were privileged to offer her praise, applaud and God-speed, we cast aspersions, we extend accusations, reiterated even in the face of the explanation of the supposed offending clause. “She fled the city in the bleak darkness of a cold night, shaking, as it were, the very dust from her feet, yet doubtless throwing over it all the mantle of charity from the depths of her broad, sympathetic, trained heart and mind.” The Omaha Nebraskan is peevish over one of our suggestions: “The CRISIS, a Negro organ, pays a de- served tribute to the valor of the colored troops on the Mexican border and says: ‘So in America, in Europe and in Africa black men are fighting for the liberties of white men and pulling their chestnuts out of the fire. One of these bright mornings black men are going to learn how to fight for themselves.’ “But they are fighting for themselves when they make the splendid reeord they are making in Mexico. They were fighting for themselves when they made their rec- ord in Cuba. They were not then, nor are they now, pulling white men’s chestnuts out of the fire. They were and are fighting for a country that is theirs, as it is the white man’s, and in whose history and achievements they will have a part com- mensurate with the contributions they make. “The CRISIS gives its people very poor

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134 advice when it intimates that the interests of the colored race lie along lines of fight- ing for themselves in the sense plainly meant by the CRISIS. “To be sure, the colored race has had many obstacles to surmount, but the race has advanced and will advance in accord- ance with the efforts of its intelligent mem- bers to contribute to the general good, to build for civilization and to do their pari in the most effective way. “When such plays as ‘The Birth of a Na- tion’ give offense let the race show itself superior to the touch of such humiliations and, bearing it with dignity, win the respect and sympathy of white men who cannot give approval to such taunts. “There is but one way for any individual or any race to push forward. That way is so plainly marked that it need not be stated. “The conduct of the colored troops in Mexico has done much to break down preju- dice and win respect for the Negro race. So the generally fine conduct of Omaha Negroes—so often commented upon by ob- serving men—is doing much to do away with this prejudice. “‘Upward and onward,’ not through force, but through civilization’s instrumen- talities, through faithful service as soldiers and good conduct as citizens-—that is the motto and that is the course for every in- ¢\vidual and every race who would win the spurs.” We are properly impressed by all this, but we beg to call the editor’s attention to our lynching supplement. Last and least, we notice again the Morn- ing Telegraph, of New York City: “Quoting from the Morning Telegraph, the CRISIS says: ‘Who has hazed the Negro? Who has lynched 3,000 of them in the last generation?’ We stop right there to consider the question. Who has lynched 3,000 Negroes? There is only one reply: White men—white men driven to frenzy and fury. Inquiry will show that more than 60% of the Negroes slain by mobs in Amer- ica were guilty of the ‘usual crime.’ The assertion of the Crisis that Negroes of America are ‘insulted from their getting up to their lying down’ is not worth talking about. No one insults Negroes at all, and the black folk do not think they are being insulted.” The editor’s statement as to lynchings is false. In less than 30% of the lynchings in THE CRISIS the last two decades has criminal assault of women been even alleged as an excuse. Moreover, who is a better authority on the feelings of colored people than a white editor of a New York paper? We sym- pathize with the editor’s lack of desire “to get into an argument or have any slight bickering with our contemporary.” THE CHURCH “7 HE white man’s prejudice is the ccl- ored man’s burden,” said Bishop J. W. Hamilton at the Saratoga Conference of the M. E. Church. His statement is strik- ingly illustrated by a leaflet issued by the Rev. F. J. Grimké, of Washington, D. C. Dr. Grimké tells of an invitation sent to twenty-five leading colored pastors of that city by the American Bible Society. A great pageant had been planned on the “Bible and Human Life” to celebrate the one hundreth anniversary of the organization. They proposed, however, that the colored people, not being “human,” should have a “separate” pageant, for which the Bible Society would pay. The proposition was unanimously rejected by the colored minis- ters. Dr. Grimké adds: “I found myself saying, How this wretched, miserable, utterly unworthy spirit of race prejudice injects its poison into everything. A great Bible Society cannot celebrate its hundredth anniversary with- out getting down on its knees and wallow- ing in the dust before it, without paying deference to it, without bending its neck to its yoke. It was a shameful thing to do! The meeting that was held in Continental Hall on Sunday, with an address from the President of the United States, in the pres- ence of foreign ambassadors and cabinet ministers, senators and_ representatives, great as it may have been, and as widely as it may tend to advertise the society, cannot wipe out this blot upon its fair name. One thing only, of a redeeming character, in connection with the affair, has come to my knowledge. At the preliminary meeting here, when the question was brought up, I am informed that there was one lady, high in the social circles of the capital, who stood up bravely in the spirit of Jesus Christ, and said it would be most unfortunate for the Bible Society to discriminate against the colored people in this celebration. There were a few others who stood by her; but the great majority thought otherwise; they preferred Barabbas to Jesus.” a

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Editorial PAGE 149 s] E wish to call attention not only to our lynching sup- plement but also to the advertisement of the Na- tional Association for the Advance- ment of Colored People on page 149 of this issue. Let every one read this and act. OUR GRADUATES E note with no little gratifi- cation the steady increase in the size of the little com- Ons panies of colored men and women who are acquiring the higher training in the leading universities of this country. This spring has seen the largest of these groups graduate. Over three hundred and fifty young people have received the Bachelor’s degree in Arts, and to these may be added large numbers of professional men and an army of high school grad- uates, This is reassuring. It shows that no amount of discouragement and in- sincere argument has been able to convince the colored people of this country that their ultimate survival does not depend upon the thorough training of their men of exceptional ability. We are sorry that the General Edu- cation Board does not apparently agree with them, and that of the $100,000 given to Negro institutions this year only $10,000 goes to higher education. LYNCHING JE make no apology for in- cluding in this number a } detailed account with pic- OS) tures of perhaps the most horrible lynching that has taken place in the United States. We know that those who so hate the evil of this world that they are unwilling to be disturbed by it will question our taste, but as we have already questioned theirs on numerous occasions there is here, at least, no chance for misun- derstanding. To other persons we say as we have said before: any talk of the moral leadership of this country in the world; any talk of the triumph of Christianity, or the spread of human culture, is idle twaddle so long as the Waco lynching is possible in the United States of America. A PLANK HIS Association urged the fol- lowing plank on the Repub- lican and Progressive con- ventions: “To correct the evils affecting our 10,000,000 colored fellow-citizens we pledge ourselves to establish equal Congressional representation for all sections of the country by apportion- ing seats in Congress in accordance with the voting population; to put an end to lynching—which is a national! crime calling for national action; to abolish all forms of race segregation, particularly as they affect the District of Columbia and interstate commerce; to enforce the Thirteenth, or Anti- Slavery, Amendment of the Constitu- tion by the suppression of peonage; to a national guarantee of civil rights ; to secure to all a proportional share in the benefits of public ex- penditures, including equal facilities in the public schools; to equal oppor- tunities in public office and public ser- vice, including the national defense; and to repeal all statutory recognition of race for residents of this country.” 135

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136 THE CRISIS AN OPEN LETTER TO ROBERT RUSSA MOTCN BPs) HE CrIsIsS hastens to extend to 7 Mey; you on your accession to the headship of Tuskegee the as- ea} surances of its good will and personal respect. The CRISIS does this all the more willingly because it has to some extent been the mouth- piece of many who have had occasion repeatedly to criticize the words and deeds of your predecessor. It would be a matter of hope and rejoicing if your assumption of new duties could be the beginning of a new era of union and understanding among the various groups of Ameri- can Negroes. But understanding and cooperation must be based on frank conference and clear knowledge. As a prelimi- nary step to such understanding the CRISIS ventures in this open letter to express to you publicly its hopes and fears. It hopes that the aims of the col- ored American have become suffi- ciently clear to admit of no misunder- standing or misstatement. We desire to become American citizens with every right that pertains to citizen- ship: 1. The right to vote and hold office. 2. Equality before the law. 3. Equal civil rights in all public places, and in all public services. 4. A proportional share in the ben- efits of all public expenditures. 5. Education according to ability and aptitude. With these rights we correlate our duties as men and citizens—the abo- lition of poverty, the emancipation of women, the suppression of crime and the overcoming of ignorance. The CRISIS assumes—indeed, it knows—that in these matters you be- lieve substantially, as we do, and that the real differences between us, if there be such, lie in matters of pres- ent emphasis and present procedure. We assume, without demur, that following the late Booker T. Wash- ington you will place especial em- phasis on vocational training, prop- erty getting and conciliation of the white South. These are necessary policies, but they have their pitfalls, and against these the CRISIS speaks this warning word: 1. Only the higher and broader training will give any race its ulti- mate leadership. This Mr. Washing- ton came to realize, and this you must not forget. 2. Individual accumulatien of wealth must gradually and inevita- bly give way to methods of social accumulation and equitable distribu- can, . Finally: Conciliation is wise and sasceatiee . But how far shall it go? It is here that the CRISIS confesses to its deepest solicitude in your case. It cannot but remember its unanswered query of you in the case of the St. Louis luncheon. It has before it the heading of a Rochester paper which gives as your opinion that “from North one gets distorted view of South.” And finally, there is the re- cent case of the Pullman car and your family. The CRISIS will assume in all of these cases that you have not been correctly reported; that you did not voluntarily give up lunching at the St. Louis City Club; that you did not assert that the South was maligned usually at the North, and above all, that you did not say that you had no sympathy with the attempt of mem- bers of your family to ride on Pull- man cars in the South. The CRISIS knows only too well the way in which Southern newspapers put such sentiments into the mouths of colored leaders ; but the point upon which we insist is this: that such atrocious statements cannot be al- ways passed in silence. We do not wish the principal of ee ee ee oe oe — et Oe he COLL i

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Tuskegee to spend his valuable time in answering calumnies and mis- statements, but we do believe that when so monstrous a: statement is made, as in the case of the Pullman car, something besides silence and acquiescence is called for. We hope to see, therefore, at Tus- kegee in the future a carrying out and development of the best of its past work and a continued attempt to come to terms of understanding with the best of the white South; but to these policies we hope to see added a policy of making it clearly under- stood to the people of this country that Tuskegee does believe in the right to vote; that it does not believe in Jim-Crow cars; that it recognizes the work of the Negro colleges, and that it agrees with Charles Sumner that ‘“Equality of rights is the first of rights.” This, then, is the forward step at Tuskegee which the CRISIS and its friends look for under your adminis- tration, and it desires to express its earnest hope, and indeed its faith, that you will not disappoint your fel- low workers, THE COLORED CHURCHES )} HE results in the General Con- ferences of the African M. E. and the A. M. E. Zion : churches are on the whole en- couraging. The representation of laymen was strong and made itself effective. Determined effort backed, it is said by money, tried to force the election of certain objectionable men in the A. M. E. Conference, and suc- ceeded in keeping the Conference from its larger duties for most of its time. Yet when the election actually came the two men raised to the bish- opric represented not the filibusters but, without doubt, the best of the possibilities. On the other hand the severe ar- raignment of Bishop Jones by the Conference was a vindication of the EDITORIAL 137 men who have made a long and sturdy fight. The Zion Conference succeeded in putting some long needed legislation upon the statute books, and injecting new and younger blood into the bish- ops’ council. THE METHODISTS ippaee| NE of Bishop Asbury’s serv- ants, Harry Hosier, developed into a powerful preacher. The growing Methodist Church for a whiie welcomed the slaves, but after a generation of experiment, discrimination crept in and in 1796 the first lot of Negroes withdrew, founding the present Afri- can M. E. church. In 1820 a second lot withdrew forming the present Zion church. In 1844 the church split on the subject of slavery, and the Southern branch after carrying its slave membership in the gallery for a generation, set them aside in 1870 as the Colored M. E. church. In the Northern M. E. church a col- ored annual conference was _ estab- lished in 1852, and four years later most of the Negro Methodist churches were segregated in colored annual conferences. In 1860 these confer- ences were given full power and the system after the war was extended throughout the South. Now comes, in our day, the ques- tion of the reunion of the Southern and Northern white Methodists. The Southern Methodists are delightfully frank. They wish a reunion with the Negro left outside. The Northern Methodists are not as frank. One wing proposed bishops for particular races, but more subtle counsels pre- vailed, and at the last General Con- ference a further step was taken so to segregate the colored conferences that their entire separation from the white churches, within the next few years, would be an easy matter. Thus white Methodism leads us toward the Brotherhood of Man!

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138 THE CRISIS LO, THE DUSK-BORN DAUGHTER! By B. HARRISON PEYTON E. O, my Heart, behold! a girl of modest brown Is gliding down the paths of our town! Clings not round her the aura of the morning-child; For mark, Heart, she came not while Aurora smiled In silver effusion on the lucid air; Her figure is not dawn-pale, nor is her hair Fine-spun of sun-gold into a Phoebean crown! O Eyes, she is some quickened bronze, Which transformed to skin of finest texture, Unto the sense as exquisitely responds As any gloss of silk or softness of a plush! But nay, frail Eyes; trust not the groping, blind conjecture! Ah! tell my Heart by what mutations Could bronze be turned half so ravishingly lush, So ripened into rich refreshing fruit as is this girl? And furthermore, I ask you, Eyes, e’en tho’ it were toothed Of ivory or milky-clouded pearl, As preciously cut and delicately smoothed As are her teeth, what mold of bronze—bronze cumbrous and cold— Could make upon my soul, oh! such enthralling seizure As do these luxuriant beauties which some would dare hold Were but a darkling blush of shame? II. Ah, no, Heart, ’twas of lowly, peaceful dusk God wrought her, And of benignities that the lofty spheres brought her; She is of Vesper, child and anointed daughter! Look! how all the charms of twilight gather to her frame, And the shades of tropics haunt her lissome shape! Ay, too, lambent stars are twinkling, e’en when noon’s aflame; Here her crinkling, night-like tresses the gloaming drape. Soul, gaze her quiet eyes! From what divine skies Did they, with placid allure of dusk, escape— These amber haze-beams that, as if ordained, transfigure, And with soft halos flush her every lovely feature? Bewitched Soul, how they mark her perfect, dusk-born creature! III. Thus veined with angel-gossamers floated down By the eventide, she is become a blessed vision— Verily, O Soul! Soul! a miracle of brown! As closer now she comes, oh! mark each luster Which ripples in a sheen o’er the swarthness that is swirled About her from pale finger-nail to eye-lash thick-curled! Soul, infinitely happy harmonies are Thus bodied by her in tender, gleamy dark!

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LO, THE DUSK-BORN DAUGHTER! IV. Ay, she carries the dim spirit of the vesper-star; And thence it comes that her sympathies impart To shadow-purpled nightingales the dreaming of her heart Which so elatedly he sings to rapt-hark’ning lark! So breathe, Heart, breathe the fragrances that cluster Round that sweet, peerless bower of her flesh whence she wafts The warm, reposeful shade of the holy palm And such meady dews as flavor lands of southern calm! And drink, Heart! O Heart! drink of Elysian balm Which her elixir-like touch brings in redolent drafts From nightward nectaries that have their place In lunar regions of supernal space! And then, my Heart, let your every vibrant fiber sense The essence, as it were, of oenomel which seems thence To lave its haze on her delicious face, Where is set, like a red-brown kiss, the mouth that qua‘Ts Its flow—oh! b!issful flow the nectaries dispense To but ker who, by divine rizht of race, Is twilizht vestal, and to eve enchantress-dcughter And purest cast of g'oam in fluent grace of water! V. God! shall lewd flames count wanton, wind-raked husk This girl whose nature heaves such sacred spells of dusk? Love! O true Love! how chaste with cloistral sundown And ways that breathe rosy airs of saintly musk, Oh! she must be, since that her being wears for gown Heav’n’s own highness in pure glows of auburn brown! VI. Thus she moves zephyr-like in virgin grace of leisure! And since she is sylphine-imbued with nightfall that drowns Earth in ethereal tides of marvelous browns, How meet it is that her feet, O Columbian World, Are given to thread your occidental spread! Why then, mad World, are persecutive shadows thus hurled Before her feet? E’en so, World, behold! tho’ meek and demure, Yet she walks in stanch and serene procedure, Unfaltering in her fortitude and gentle state, Towards far horizons where, beaconing, there wait For her more golden triumphs than any sunset has! Ay, her way leads through dread labyrinths of hate, Mid trails of scorn pythonic, and minotaurs of wrath, But like the dusk, she walks above her earthly path! VII. She is some ministrant dove of celestial orders, Or dark-veiled, mist-winged sprite, flown from Hesperian borders And traced of poised cloud-drift and willowed, phantom waters! Up, Heart, and hail her, dusk-ennobled Queen of Daughters!

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ee National Association for the Ad- vancement of Colored People THE GREAT LAKES DISTRICT CONFER- ENCE oe five sessions of the Great Lakes District Conference, held at the in- vitation of the Cleveland Branch on May 50 and 31, mark a new era in the deve'op- ment of internal solidarity and strength of the National Association for the Advance- ment of Colored People. Distance has a!- ways prohibited many delegates from at- tending the annual meetings and confer- ences of the N. A. A. C. P.; but this gath- ering of representatives from the branches of a small geographical unit proved em - nently practicable, and was so thoroughly a success that the delegates unanimously voted to make it a permanent, annual af- fair. The vice-president of the Cleveland Cranch, Mr. F. E. Young, who conceived the idea of the Conference, was assisted in arranging its details by Mrs. Inez Fairfax, Miss Eleanor Alexander, R. K. Moon, and Albert Miles. Nothing had been left un- done when the delegates entered the open- ing session at Antioch Baptist Church on the afterncon of May 30. F. H. Warren, attorney, represented Detroit; Mrs. Della Fields, Toledo; Miss M. Suia_ Butler, Sprinztfield; George A. Weaver, Columbus; Miss Jennie Proctor, Pittsburgh; F. E. Young, Mrs. Fairfax, and Miss Alexander, Cleveland, and Miss Kathryn Johnson, field agent, and Roy Nash, national secre- tary, represented National Headquarters. The first session, presided over by Miss Elearncr Alexander, was addressed particu- larly to the women who made up the bulk of the afternoon audiences. In the open- ing paper on “Women’s Responsibility in Building up the N. A. A. C. P.,” Miss Jen- nie Proctor, of Pittsburgh, said in part: WOMEN’S RESPONSIBILITY “The N. A. A. C, P., like many other great movements, owes its very existence to a woman; to one who realized that one soul is as precious in the sight of the Creator as another, and seeing one after another of the privileges given us by the Emanci- pator being abridged, sent forth the call in response to a plea from William English Wa'ling. What ‘Uncle Tom’s Cabin’ did for Harriett Beecher Stowe, the N. A. A. C. P. has done for Mary White Ovington: given her a permanent place in the hearts of ten millions of our citizens. “Founded by a woman, the responsibility of women in build:ng up the N. A. A. C. P. is as great, if not greater, than that of men because we know, like the women of stricken Belgium, Serbia, and Poland, who suffers most. We know who suffered most when the German host trod down Belgium; we know who suffers most as the armies advance and retreat through Poland; we know who suffers most when the greatest scourge of this nation, race prejudice, tramples our manhood and our womanhood. It is the mother who feels it most when the children come in from school and tell of being insulted, ignored, and humiliated. It is the mother who feels it most when the grown son or daughter, equipped with a good character, with ability and the aspira- tions of youth, returns home footsore, heart- sore, and discouraged, having found the door of opportunity barred against him or her; it is the mother who must mask a sore heart, and with a courageous countenance, encour- age her loved ones to try aga‘n. It is the woman of the family who must manage on what her loved ones, through limitations which are no fault of their own, are able to earn. “Every victory won by this Association means a lighter burden for the women, the men, and the children. It means protec- tion; it means opportunity. There are five million self-supporting women in the United States, and of these over one million are colored. Why? Would this be the case if our men were given an opportunity to com- pete in trades requiring skilled labor? Un- doubtedly not, for if our men were allowed the opportunity to compete as skilled me- chanics and in the business and industrial world, our women would not have to be bread winners. They could be the home- makers they desire to be, devoting their time to the training of their children and the comfort of loved ones. “Consider what every victory gained by this Association means for our women! With segregation defeated we should not always have to live in the most undesir- able districts of our cities, districts without proper sanitation, poorly lighted, and with inferior schools for our children. With the ‘Jim-Crow’ law defeated, we could travel in safety without insult or humiliation. If by strengthening this organization we can hely regain the ballot wh’ch has been so cunningly taken from our men in many sec- tions of the South, depriving them of a voice in the making of the laws by which they are governed, this will mean the enact ment of laws for the protection of our homes, of our women, of our children. Above all else this is worth while. To strengthen the National Association is a duty women owe themselves, one worth our vreatest effort. 140 “ae Yet Man A was Prol em} his a the con eve ing anc tha lite ish rea

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“‘Let us be Up and Doing While it is Yet Day, for When the Night Cometh no Man Can Work.’” At the close of Miss Proctor’s paper there was a lively discussion on Community Problems. THE PRESS EV. C. H. YOUNG, of Cleveland, spoke on “The Press.” “Of any material organization of which I know,” Rev. Young said, “the Associated Press comes nearest to being an exact in- terpretation of that wonderful verse of scripture, ‘And God said let there be light, and there was light.’ But the crux of the thing is that so often, when it comes to the Negro, this great light is bedimmed when the splendid achievements of the race are to be seen, although exceptionally bright when the Negro’s mishaps are discovered. “The Associated Press seemingly is the most assiduous enemy that the race has today. Our errors, which are far toc many, it advertises in conspicuous display; and our virtues, which are too few, it maligns and hoots; so that nov we are simply toler- ated as undesirable citizens, a single indis- creet act of whom may at any time plunge us into all the horrors cf massacre, pillage and ruin. “In the days of Henry Ward Beecher, Charles Sumner, and others, when America was not afflicted with money-mania, the pulpit was the black man’s friend, and to a large degree was the mouthpiece of public opinion. She aroused public conscience and moulded public sentiment; and whei she thundered her voice against the Sinais of sin, and hurled her Philippics at wrong and oppression, the nation trembled and the pil- lars of human slavery tottered and cracked. 3ut alas, today the American pulpit on the question of oppressions and wrongs to ten million consecrated American citizens, is as silent as the tomb. And so, that being the fact, the press of America has stepped to the front—and assumed the right to speak for us—not, however, to champion our rights and privileges, but to desecrate them and trample them under their unhallowed feet. It is she who now stirs up and moulds public opinion. There seems to be a con- certed plan of activity, as far as possible, on the part of the press to magnify and emphasize the weaknesses and failures of the Negro, and to minimize and touch lightly his strong points and successes. “Undoubtedly its motive is to browbeat the Negro into a cringing submission of conceded inferiority. They believe that even the thoughtful, aspiring, self-respect- ing Negroes will be so stung, and chafed, and humiliated by their constant nagging that all incentives to progress will be ob- literated, all aspirations of the soul demol- ished, and their faculties of thought and reason be so crushed and benumbed that N. A. A. C. P. 141 they will acquiesce, give up the fight, and settle down to a life of pariah or a state of semi-slavery. And thus you see that the greatest enemy before the American Negro in the Twentieth Century is the Associated Press. “How shall we overcome this enemy? This is the one absorbing question, and a touch of the Solomonic wisdom is nec- essary to answer it. The press of America represents millions of dollars. There are millions in it, and millions must be gotten out-of it; and the owners thereof are going to see to it that nothing shall grace the columns of their press that does not look like dollars and cents. The prob- lem of the press is to make it pay. Chester K. Lord, a former Managing Editor of a leading New York journal, is quoted as having said, ‘Every editor knows that the more details of sin, vice and crime you cram into a newspaper, the more copies of the newspaper will be sold. To give the people what they want is the greatest temptation of the editor.’ “With a slight degree of modification, it may be said of the press as was one time said of a corporation, ‘It is soulless,’ and therefore, being without a soul, you cannot appeal to its psychological nature. It is devoid of a heart, and hence it has no sense of righteousness and truth; so thus you cannot touch its ethical nature. But it has a head, body, and feet. It knows everything, takes in anything, and goes everywhere; and in order to get a hearing from, and have a voice in this wonderful organ of intelligence, you have got to be as wise as a serpent, and as harmless as a dove. Observation, information and experi- ence give us the right to offer a few sug- gestions for consideration: “First, let. the Press Committee of the Association be composed of a set of thouzght- ful, cool-headed, conscientious members. This committee should be the depository of all news of the Association intended for publication. It should be the speaker, through the press, for the Association. Not every Tom and Harry should rush off and assume to speak for the Association through the press. As a race our cause has suffered and our interests been greatly jeopardized by those who have much more gab than brains, and much less sense than brass, rushing into print, speaking unauthorized for the race; and hence, when the legiti- mate spokesmen of the race resort to these great organs of information to give out a message to the world, what might be con- sidered as our space has already been util- ized and our matter is shut out. This com- mittee should personally acquaint itse!f with the managing editors so that they will know who it is, what it represents, and the import of its message. “This committee should tender in person matters touching the race for publication. The science of approach is invaluable here. This committee should know first, what it

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142 THE wants to say. It should be in clear, terse English. And next, it should be said in a way that is interesting and convincing. The art of condensation is a necessary quali- fication of the members of this committee. “We also suggest that while we are fight- ing righteously for a hearing of our cause through the Associated Press, we ourselves should publish a small sheet for informa- tion, to be known as the official organ of the local Branch. Let it be a paper, say about 9% by 6, the same to be published every once in a while; especially when the Branch has a special message for the public and is doing something practical.” The chief paper of the second afternoon’s conference was by attorney Harry E. Davis, of Cleveland, on “The Negro’s Opportunity in the Industrial Fields of the North.” INDUSTRIAL OPPORTUNITIES IN THE NORTH “While my subject is limited to Cleve- land, yet what I have to say will apply with equal force to practically all of the cities in this conference district. For Cleveland is typical of the communities rep- resented in this district, and the scope of this paper is broad enough to apply with equal force to all of them. “Today we are witnesses of a great in- dustrial boom unparalleled in the history of the city. The greatest factor in this is the enormous demand created by the war which is literally scouring the world for supplies of munitions and materials to feed its insatiate appetite. Nearly every factory here which had any facilities for making any of the required supplies has been drawn into the field by the inducement of large profits and quick returns. “This might have no bearing on our topic if it were not for the great demand for common and skilled labor which the situa- tion has created. And coupled with this labor demand comes an almost total ex- tinction of the sources which hitherto have supplied the labor market of this country. For the war has caused a great falling off in foreign immigration, and has completely restrained the annual influx from southern Europe which previously supplied most of our common labor. “Of course, this industrial boom is to a great extent only temporary in its nature, for the demand will end with the war, and the war must end soon. But I believe the dearth in the labor market is of a more permanent nature, and will continue for some years in the future. For when the war ends the governments of Europe will need all their labor to repair and rebuild the waste and wreckage caused by it, and they will take even drastic steps to keep this supply at home. And in this peculiar situation is a great industrial opportunity for the Negro in Cleveland, and I would emphasize the fact that the opportunity is here now, a present, existing fact outside of the realm of speculation. CRISIS “The extent of the labor demand is evi- denced by very striking symptoms. Organ- ized labor was not slow to see its chance, and we have seen a general demand for high wages, shorter hours and better work- ing conditions nearly all of which have been granted by the helpless employer. Then too, the high wage paid is another indica- tion of the demand. Common labor now asks and gets $3.00 per day and sometimes even more. Also the reports from employ- ment agencies, both state and private, give convincing testimony of the scarcity of labor. “For the first time in our memory we see the spectacle of employers actually ap- pealing to our churches, literally combing the highways of the colored district, and even sending agents South to bring to them colored workmen. “This leads me to say that there is no prejudice in a genuine economic demand and it knows no color line. When employers organize and hold public meetings in our churches in order to present an invitation for employment, it means that they mean business. They are not trying to sell stock, or to promote ‘blue sky’ enterprises at your expense. For the first time you are reall wanted and the old excuse of ‘not wanted’ no longer obtains. “The value of this opportunity is almost beyond computation. If it is grasped while it is here and held, it means the opening of practically a new field to almost an unlim- ited extent. Here is the opportunity to learn a great variety of mechanical trades so long advocated by our foremost exponent of industrial education, the late Dr. Wash- ington. Here is an opportunity for the colored workmen to occupy and intrench himself in an advantageous and strategic position, and opportunity to become a real industrial factor in the community. Once intrenched I believe he will continue to grow in favor with the employer who cannot fail to appreciate the value of a vigorous labor- ing class, docile, congenial and tractable— not given to strikes, lockouts and industrial terrorism. “Here too is an opportunity to secure better treatment and fairer consideration by organized labor. The colored workmen will then be recognized as ‘competitors, who by reason of sheer numerical strength, if nothing else, must be absorbed into the union fold, and accorded their proper rights and protection not only industrially, but politically. “And added to this would be the advan- tage of having in our midst a high wage earning class who in due time would be- come home owners with all the moral and material value which property ownership brings in its wake. Further, the contact w.th white labor on equal terms is bound to create a better feeling which ought to allay considerable of the prejudice which comes from this element. “It is to be deplored that here, and prob- ably no place else, in this district, we have | | | no this man tion fron frau our men adju met! mac hou: pres ing ever folle mig whi ger¢ “er ed t shot gre: our and diti go « colo situ lish cont in 1 alor evil cou! par cess the othe rep! sua atti and way tive to ¢ cre: but yea and imp Car Ma viv) hav clas Sou be | bill wei nac vice of beir ful, ask to 1

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frornuv + mw er ae SS a ae ae eS -—- + ~ © B50 ~ : 1e [s it 1- Pp - id ip d tO D- 78 no agency which can take advantage of this situation by helping to supply this de- mand. As already pointed out, the condi- tion has created a considerable emigration from the South, a situation which may be fraught with great possibilities for evil to our several communities. This new ele- ment coming into our cities will be hard to adjust and assimilate to our ideals and methods of living. We have no adequate machinery for bringing this about. Our housing facilities are none too large at resent, and our social facilities for meet- ing this new element are meagre. In the event that the present era of prosperity is followed by an industrial depression it might mean a large idle class in our midst which would rapidly degenerate into a dan- gerous criminal element. “This organization is perhaps not adapt- ed to meet the new situation fully, but we should not be blind or idle in the face of a great opportunity which bulks large upon our future welfare. We can at least acquire and circulate information as to local con- ditions so that false impressions will not go out or advantages painted in too bright colors to those who may be now happily situated. We can help to create and estab- lish agencies for securing and preserving contact with any new element, if it comes in numbers, so that they will be directed along proper social channels, and avoid the evils existing in ali large cities. In this, of course, our churches must play a large part, but they cannot do it all, and to suc- cessfully cope with the situation requires the co-operation of all our energies. “One thing we can do in connection with other organizations is to make the proper representation to large employers to dis- suade them from scouring the country to attract labor without regard to character and fitness. This can be done in such a way as to greatly neutralize any prospec- tive danger, and also without giving offense to any one. We are not afraid of any in- crease in a substantial working population, but our communities in the North have, by years of effort, built up a local standing and prestige which we cannot suffer to be impaired.” Harry Davis was followed by Mr. D. J. Campbell, Superintendent of the Ferro Machine and Foundry Company, who told vividly some of the difficulties employers have in taking on colored labor, how the class that is being imported from the South arrive absolutely broke, and have to be given daily advances to meet their board bills, and how one shift handling heavy weights in the awful heat of the blast fur- naces is too frequently the end of their ser- vice. When he tried to shift the burden of caring for the Southern influx, which is being dumped on the community by the train- ful, to the Cleveland colored community, asking that they see that men are fitted to their jobs, that credit is extended to them nN. A. A. ¢. P. 143 by lodging houses, etc., jt was quickly point- ed out that the Conference considered the proper care and placing of this new factor in the labor market as very much the proper concern of the employers. The final paper of the second afternoon session was one by Mrs. Johnson Farrar on “How to Make the Branches Efficient,” which lack of space does not permit us to quote. THE EVENING SESSIONS HE two evening sessions were of a more general nature, and addressed to large audiences which filled the Antioch Baptist and St. John’s A. M. E. Churches. On be- half of the Mayor of Cleveland, Laniar T. Beeman, Director of Public Welfare, wel- comed the delegates at the Memorial Day meeting. He was followed by Colonel Myron T. Herrick, ex-Governor of Ohio, and formerly Ambassador to France, who said in part: “T do not speak to you as members of any race, but as members of this composite na- tion. The one word ‘servitude’ in the Con- stitution was the great iniquity upon which this nation was founded. But just as that was wiped out, as Fred Douglass said, ‘by the working out of inscrutable providence,’ as enlightenment finally made servitude impossible, so the existing prejudices are bound to disappear before enlightenment. The fortitude, the God fearing attitude, the dignity of colored people is the greatest guarantee of this. No brighter record has ever been put on the pages of history than the achievements of colored people since the Civil War. And in this crisis, when we are taking stock of our elements of strength, when the hope of civilization seems to rest on America, when we are integrating our forces for some great, dimly-seen mission, the nation can recall with deep gratitude that there is one large element in her popu- lation of which there has never been the faintest doubt of loyalty; there is one race of which not one member will be disloyal to America in any crisis. The time will come when we shall be just as ashamed of the wrongs done this people to-day as we are that they were once slaves.” At the second evening session, at which Charles W. Chesnutt presided, Kathryn Johnson, field agent for the National As- sociation, spoke on “Segregation”; and Roy Nash, national secretary, talked on “The Growing Southern Sentiment Against Lynching.” THE PERMANENT ORGANIZATION F fully as much importance as the open meetings was an executive ses- sion of the delegates at which they resolved to make a permanent ‘organization of the

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144 THE CRISIS Great Lakes District Conference, meeting annually on Decoration Day. For the ensu- ing year F. H. Warren, of Detroit, was elected district chairman, Rev. H. C. Bailey, of Cleveland, vice-chairman; Miss Jennie Proctor, of Pittsburg, secretary-treasurer, and Mrs. Della Fields, of Toledo, district delegate to the annual conference of the National Association. At the meeting in 1917, which wll be held in Detroit, each branch in the district (the districts will be determined by National Headquarters) will be entitled to one delegate for each one hundred paid-up members, or fraction thereof; and National Headquarters will be entitled to one or more accred'ted dele- gates. The final action of the Conference was the passing of a statement calling the atten- tion of the political conventions to the problems with which the Conference was concerned. SHAKESPEARE IN AFRICA | UG By ALICE WERNER us UF HE last few weeks have proved to the full—were there any need of proof the hold which Shakespeare has on every civilized nation. But it is interesting to note how far his influence has extended be- yond the bounds of the civilized and literate world. It is easy, however, to make mistakes on this subject. Many of Shakespeare’s plots are based on folk-tales which had assumed literary form in Italy, and may either have come ultimately from India, or have ex- isted independently in various parts of the world. These stories may even now be current in places where Shakespeare is quite unknown. For example, the germ of King Lear is to be found in the story of “Catskin,” which seems to exist all over Europe and is much older than the ballad usually quoted as the source of the tragedy. A version of this story was collected many years ago by a missionary among the Namaqua Hotten- tots. Another is current in Dutch-speak- ing South Africa, under the name of “Vel- kappi” (“Skin-cap”). Whichever of these is borrowed from the other, neither is like- ly to be derived from Shakespeare. I have a Swahili version of the “Mer- chant of Venice,” which was written out by a native Christian at Ngao on the Tana (British East Africa). He said he had heard it from an Indian on the coast; he did not know where the Indian had got it, whether from a European or out of one of his own books; he thought the latter. Of course, it is impossible to tell whether the story was not transmitted from some Euro- pean source, but it is at least equally pos- sible that it came direct from India—the more so, as there is no allusion to the epi- sode of the Caskets. The story of the usurer and the pound of flesh seems to have come from the East to Europe through the Crusades; it is found in Gesta Romantrum, as well as in the Pecorone of Ser Giovanni, whence Shakespeare is sup- posed to have obtained it. But there would be nothing surprising, in these days, if Shakespeare’s actual plots filtered down into African tradition and became a part of current folk-lore. Some of them are related in one of the Swahili school-books published by the Universities Mission at Zanzibar. This, with people whose literary instinct (which, after all, resolves itself into the love for hearing and telling stories) is not fed by newspapers, novelettes or the stage, means more than one might think. In South Africa the native readers of English are a large and continually in- creasing body, and every one of these starts a lengthening chain of tradition. Those to whom a story has been read or related pass it on, and old chiefs who have never learned their letters, may listen to it with avidity in the bwalo of distant villages far beyond the Zambezi. A beg: by ther hith first Ven was cuss on j to ¢ he | pers nar. the Shy O up man wor 66) quot deat Bec] The pres Will rob up mac to d he Neg lina his the own the

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An educated native told me that when he began to read Shakespeare he was struck by the number of sayings which, hearing them quoted by public speakers, he had hitherto taken for English proverbs. The first play he read was the “Merchant of Venice,” and the story, when he related it, was speedily passed on and eagerly dis- People do not seem to have looked on it as fiction, or realized that it belonged to a past day. More than one man thought he had identified some of the characters as persons then living in South Africa, and the narrator was called on to decide between the rival claims of at least three original Shylocks. On another occasion the question came up in a chief’s court, who was “the white man who spoke so well”—the particular words which excited such admiration being: cussed. “When beggars die, there are no comets seen, “The heavens themselves blaze forth the death of princes”— quoted in a native paper apropos of the deaths of King Edward and two prominent Bechwana chiefs in the comet year, 1910 The answer given by one of the chiefs present is worth recording: ‘His name was William Tsikinya-Chaka” (“Shake the THE BASEBALL 145 Sword’). Professor Gollanez’s “Book of Homage to Shakespeare” contains a tribute in Bechwana, and it is much to be re- gretted that another, in the Xosa language from the pen of Mr. Bud-Mbelle, author of the “Kafir Scholar’s Companion,” did not arrive in time for insertion. In one of his essays M. Arnold van Gen- nep has discussed in a very striking way the interaction of the collective imagina- tion from which spring folk-tale, myth and legend, and the consciousness of the individ- ual artist. Neither is quite independent of the other. Shakespeare gathered up and wrought into imperishable form the mate- rial gradually prepared by the folk-mind through uncounted generations. Now we find his works dropping like seed into the virgin soil of the Bantu race—the form re- maining a prized possession of the English- speakers, the content passing on to enrich the floating mass of tradition in those won- derful, melodious languages whose future possibilities some of us just dimly appre- hend. And at some time, which no human insight can forecast—for the Spirit bloweth where it listeth—the formless mass will crystallize, and “Shakespeare and _ his mates” will be to Africa what Homer and Sophocles were to the European Renais- sance. THE BASEBALL A STORY =F) oJ — c Ge A LL his life Lias had been used to a coarse bill of fare and a scanty ward- robe, but when it seemed that he must give up the narrow margin of pleasure that made life bearable he thought it was time to do something radical. Why should he be unhappy? What had he to do with ambitions, he, an ordinary Negro boy in the uplands of South Caro- lina? As far back as he could remember his father had lived like other tenants on the land of Cooper, the white man who owned half the county. Why should he not be willing some day to settle down and do the same? By BENJAMIN BRAWLEY fos | =e Something of all this he was thinking tonight. He had called a meeting of his baseball team at the home of Ed Ellington, not far from the little country schoolhouse. Somehow the boys liked to come to Ed’s. Old man Ellington was different from the other men around Pineville. He owned his land and did not have to work on shares with Cooper; and although he himself was notoriously close-fisted things somehow seemed just a little more free around his home than elsewhere. Lias had asked the boys to come together in order that he might collect the dollar and a quarter necessary for the purchase of

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146 THE CRISIS the ball that he was to use in the game with Jonesboro the next Saturday. As captain of the home team he would have to furnish the one new ball to be used in the game. One by one the husky fellows arrived. It was too warm to go indoors so they sat on the benches and old chairs in front of the house. Here was Sid Samuels, the pitcher, a tall, young man who seemed to suffer from lack of cultivation, and who had al- ready developed a round shoulder. Then there was Ben Waters, the first base, im- mense in physique, but with a forehead that too soon sloped backward from his eyes; and Ed Ellington, the second base, a pleas- ant-looking young fellow with a face of the utmost frankness. Ned Jackson, the short stop, was a squatty little creature with bow-legs. Bud Jennings, the third base, had great, thick lips, and still bore the marks of a recent fight down by the railroad one night when he was drunk. Jim Moses, the left fielder, was tall and agile, with a step as light as that of a cat. The other fielders, the Stevens brothers, ar- rived late. They were always late. They lived a good distance away. Some people said that the two fellows were just natur- ally slow and shiftless, but at any rate the boys had learned to make allowance for them. Until Lias began to talk business the con- versation was very merry. There was the big meeting at Silver Creek last Sunday, and the game the next Saturday, to say nothing of the girls. A peculiar hush, how- ever, fell on the crowd when Lias passed the hat and asked each man for fifteen cents. After all he could hope at this rate to collect only one dollar and thirty-five cents. He did not yet know what he would do about his wornout catcher’s mit. The hat brought back sixty-five cents. Each man declared half sullenly, half shamefacedly, that he did not have any money. Lias had been in pretty good humor all the evening. His mood of depression had vanished in the presence of the other boys. Especially did he remind Samuels of the previous performances of their famous bat- tery. When the hat came back to him, how- ever, the silence that ensued for a moment was embarrassing. Then the captain arose to speak. “Men,” said he, “what’s de matter? Why can’t you gi’ me a dollar an’ a quarter for a baseball? We all wo’ks hard. I got up dis mornin’ at sunup an’ wo’ked till sun- down, an’ eve’y one o’ you done de same. Yet when I call you here an’ asks you for money for a baseball, you all say you ain’t got it, an’ I know you ain’t got it. Sum- pun’s wrong.” He walked home that night with Jen- nings. He did not have much to do with him, because he was a good deal older than the other boys, but tonight the man was going his way, and the two fell in to- gether. For some time Lias walked on in silence. Then he suddenly blurted out something about the money for the baseball. “Well, Lias, we is down, you know,” said Jennings. “We is down, an’ we can’t hope to do much better.” The next day the boy worked in the field where the sun, not yet at its zenith, seemed to blaze like a ball of fire. The hot. waves of air danced before him as he looked away in the distance at the yellowing corn. What did it all mean anyway? Why should he be working on and on, getting no- where? What good had come of it so far? Where would he be next year at this season of the year but right here, doing the same work over again, never a bit better off, and without even the price of a baseball. Who was Cooper, anyway, that he should be slaving for him in this fashion? Why couldn’t the boys, nine hard-work- ing fellows, get at least enough money for one baseball? Why did they not have just a little more to spare? It was bad enough not to have much of a house to live in, and to eat bacon and corn- bread every day, but if one could not even buy a baseball, why, life was hardly worth living. Then it was that Lias resolved to run away. At dinner he was more than usually pa- tient. Andy turned his cup of water over on the oilcloth as usual; Mattie was cross; and Baby Jim threw at him across the table great hunks of cornbread mixed with mo- lasses; but he held little sister Betty on his knee a long time, and then went back to work. “Is you feelin’ well, Lias?” asked Mandy, his mother, whose face had somehow never looked so careworn. the ga nif on off lor bo

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“Yes, I’m feelin’ all right,” replied Lias, with a twinge of conscience, avoiding Mandy’s glance. But for him night was long in coming. He knew where to find the old brown satchel that his father had sometimes used in his trips to town; that would more than hold all he had. If only that sun would go down! It had been in the same spot for more than two hours. In the dead of night he was still awake. Just across the hall, however, his father was emitting sounds that told that he at least was far away in the land of dreams. It was hard to leave Ma; and he had never known that he loved Betty and Jim so tenderly. Even Andy, who seemed born but to meddle with his things and get in the way, was dear to him after all. But it was useless for them all to stay there and die. Perhaps if he got away he might become a rich man and help them some day. He might even go to school! He looked out of the window. Suddenly the shrill song of a cricket broke forth upon the quiet of the night. He arose and put on the clothes he nad worn all day. Then he threw into the satchel the suit he wore on Sundays, and his ties, and the little reader he had last used in school; and he went forth into the hall. This was the only home he had ever known, and he was turning his back on it! He was doing so deliberately. The front door creaked slightly on its hinges. Lias started, but quickly recovered himself. Moonlight floating over bolls of cotton, the road that led on to the town, and the trees that were to him as friends, met his gaze as he looked forth into the summer night. “Ts you leavin’ us, Lias?” asked Mandy, only three feet away from him. The boy gave a deep sigh. His hand fell off the door knob. “Yes, I’m goin’. longer.” I can’t stand it no “Where you gwine, Lias?” “To Columbia, I s’pose,” continued the boy doggedly. “I’m tired o’ this way 0’ THE BASEBALL 147 livin’. I don’t want to work for Cooper no more. Eve’ything you want, go to de white man. If I wants a house, go to de white man; if I wants to marry, go to de white man; want sumpun t’ eat, go to de white man. I done had enough of it.” “That’s so,” said Mandy thoughtfully. “There ain’t nothin’ in it for me,” Lias went on. “There ain’t nothin’ in it for none of us. I said to myse’f, it’d be better if Pa managed better, but he ain’t never goin’ to manage no better. He can’t. An’ las’ night I asked de boys on de team for fifteen cents for a baseball, an’ dey ain’t had it. All of us is down. I don’t want to leave you an’ de child’en, but dere ain’t no use for us all to stay here an’ die.” “That’s true,” said Mandy slowy, “I guess you better go.” “You see,” she continued, “it’s always been a sort o’ uphill climb wid us. Your Pa never did manage well. I tol’ him years ago dat dere wa’n’t no use tryin’ to make it wid Cooper, but he wouldn’t hear to it. He’s always gittin’ mo’ an’ mo’ behin’. I never was used to wo’kin’ in de fiel’s; my own mother tried to give me half_way decent raisin’, But after a while I took my row ’long wid de res’. I was always glad to see you comin’ on ahead o’ de other chillun. It seem to gi’ me hope somehow. Den dere was dat time when your Pa got in dat fight down by de railroad an’ hurt a man an’ went to de gang for three months. Dat was de wors’ of all for Mattie came while he was away. The Lord he’ped me wid it all somehow. ‘Some day Lias will be a man,’ I said, but you’s mos’ grown now, an’ as you say, dere ain’t nothin’ here for you. You better go.” Mandy paused a moment. “I used to say to myse’f,” she went on, “dat I wanted to see you make a fine man 0’ yourse’f, go off to school an’ all dat sort o’ thing. But we don’t seem to git no- where. Perhaps you better go an’ try to make it for yourse’f.” The boy’s gaze was blurred now. A great tear stole down his cheek. “No,” he said, “I’m not goin’.” Then the big fellow leaned on the bosom of the little woman and cried like the baby he had been eighteen years before.

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148 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER Figure [t Out For Yourself! If you are an active lodge member you spend at least twenty-four hours in each year attending your lodge. If you are in more than one—most men are—you spend the equivalent of three whole working days in the lodge room within a year. If you are an occasional attendant at one or more you put in at least twelve hours attending meetings. Making liberal allowances your year’s cost works out this way: Time spent attending meetings...............ccccccccccceesces $2.00 i MN cn pehincbbaincsas shite Reh eee view asa AGG Se yreskio” 1.20 SR TU Deo on paiakw Sandan ec ewe ee eaaae 6.00 ee eee ee NS RE a a ee PT ee re a. CES Son Lt ae ai swie's bah sk NAsheA Re Med eo eeeaa erat esen .50 Special death assessments (average) ............cccessesscseess 1.00 UE cxukavcuces Lek iacud wa Dene ach x epee Aww le eiCs $13.70 The average secret order policy is rarely more than $300.00 as a maximum. It averages $250.00 and starts with $50.00 payable the first year, maturing only after five years. During this time, you are paying for full protection and getting only one-fifth the first year, two-fifths the second, and so on. In five years, you have paid $68.50. If you get behind for three months, you are dropped; and to be re- instated you must start in as a new member. Contrast this with old-line legal reserve life insurance: Your policy calls for, say, $500.00 on the Whole Life Plan. It is in full force the minute it is placed in your hands. If you die next day, the whole amount of the policy is paid to your beneficiary. You get from the beginning all the protection you pay for. At age 25 the premium is $10.85 a year; at age 30, $12.25 a year; at age 35, $14.05 a year. At the last age you pay in five years a total of $70.25. If at the end of that time you desire to quit, we will, as a matter of contract, give you $32.00 cash for the surrender of the policy, and your five years’ insurance has cost only $38.25. Or, we will give you a paid-up policy for $64.00, on which you never have to pay another cent. Or, we will extend your $500.00 policy for five years and ten months without any charge to you. These values increase every year and they are all in the policy. There are no meetings to attend; no long journey to and from lodges; no sitting in cold halls in winter or poorly ventilated sweat boxes in summer. If you change your residence, it makes no difference; for there is no starting over again, as in the lodge, when you move from one state to another. From the standpoint of low cost, convenience. increased value, incomparable safety, a FIVE HUNDRED DOLLAR WHOLE LIFE POLICY in STANDARD LIFE beats all the secret order endowments you can find. TAKE YOUR OWN LODGE AND YOUR OWN POLICY AND FIGURE IT OUT FOR YOURSELF ! vee STANDARD LIFE INSURANCE CO. send me on 200 Auburn Avenue, ATLANTA, GEORGIA insurance. Munna ees Capital Fully Paid - - - $100,000.00 Sex .. oi OVER TWO MILLION INSURANCE IN FORCE Age occ. atten ects Issues Policies from $250.00 to $5,000.00 Weight oo HEMAN E. PERRY, President Name HARRY H. PACE, Secretary Address ...... *. July 1916) Mention Tue Crisis

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THE CRISIS ADVERTISER NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE ANTI-LYNCHING FUND Read the shame of WACO in this month’s supplement. The intelligent South abhors-such barbarity as deeply as does the North; a score of responsible journals and powerful southern organizations have begun a vigorous crusade against lawlessness; their efforts deserve national back- ing. Ten thousand dollars is needed before August 1 to back up this g->wing southern sentiment against lynching—trust us to find the way. Two thousand was pledged the week after Waco, but to make an effective fight, we need NOW the memberships of the thirty thousand Crisis subscribers who are not yet mem- bers of the N. A. A. C. P. Will you back us with your dollars, or just talk? Sustaining Members pay....... $25.00 annually Contributing Members .. $2.00—$10.00 annually Associate Members ........... $1.00 annually The Crisis is sent without further charge to members paying two dollars or more. MEMBERSHIP BLANK OswALp GARRISON VILLARD, Treasurer, 70 Fifth Avenue, New York. Sir: I desire to become a member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and to receive The Crisis. In payment of my dues for one year, I enclose..........dollars. NE is owiignk pa cernennrigaineenetpas COPPPP PPP PPP EE EEL P PPP PPP PPE PPP PPP ALLL Mention Tue Crisis

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150 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER TAKEN FROM NEALE’S LIST “The Neale Publishing Company possesses a rare reputation for its standard series of works on American history.”—Toronto Mail ond Empire. The Facts of Reconstruction. By John R. Lynch, colored; formerly Member of Con- gress; later Fourth Auditor of the Treas- ury; at present Major in United States Army. Fourth thousand. $1.65 by mail. The Negro Races: Second Volume of the Series, Containing a Full Account of the Slave Trade. By Jerome Dowd, white; Professor of Sociology and Economics, Uni- versity of Oklahoma. The price of each volume of the series is $2.50 net; by mail, $2.65. Haiti: Her History and Her Detractors. By J. N. Leger, colored; formerly Minister from Haiti to the United States. Illustrated. Two editions; one in English and the other in French. Each edition $3.20 by mail. The Monroe Doctrine in Its Relation to the Republic of Haiti. By William A. Mac- Corkle, LL.D., white; author of “The White Sulphur Springs,” published by this house, and other books. $1.00 by mail. Negro Tales. By Joseph S. Cotter, colored; Principal of one of the largest schools for Negroes in the South. Something new in literature. $1.00 by mail. The Political History of Slavery in the United States. By the late James Z. George, white; formerly Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Mississippi; later United States Senator. Introduction by John Bassett Moore, Professor of Interna- tional Law and Diplomacy, Columbia Uni- versity. Edited by William Hayne Leavell, United States Minister to Guatemala, who supplies a sketch of Senator George. A comprehensive survey of the political his- 7 of slavery in this country. $3.25 by mail. Racial Adjustments in the Methodist Epis- copal Church. By John H. Reed, D.D., K. C., colored; with an introduction by Adna B. Leonard, D.D., LL.D. $1.60 by mail. The Seed That Was Sown in the Colony of Georgia. By Charles Spaulding Wylly, white. “No one,” says the Knoxville Senti- nel, “has better understood the institution of slavery, its mission, and its defects,” than Colonel Wylly. $1.35 by mail. Race Adjustment: Essays on the Negro in America. By Kelly Miller, colored; Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences and Professor of Mathematics, Howard Univer- sity. Third thousand. $2.15 by mail. Dean Miller’s latest book, “Out of the House of Bondage,” which is also published by this company, has already reached a large sale. $1.65 by mail. The Black Man’s Burden. By William H. Holtzclaw, colored; Principal of the Utica Normal and Industrial Institute for the Training of Colored Young Men and Young Women, Utica, Mississippi. With an intro- duction by the late Booker T. Washington. Illustrated. Third thousand. $1.60 by mail. Chief Characteristics of the Southern Negro. By E. H. Randle, A.M., LL.D., white; Dr. Randle discusses the changes wrought in the Negro character by the con- ditions of his freedom, the specialized edu- cation that the Negro requires, the Negro as a wage earner, his social qualities, the effect of the elective franchise, and many other matters. $1.00 by mail. The Key; or, a Tangible Solution of the Negro Problem. By James S. Stemons, col- ored; Field Secretary of the Joint Organ- ization of the Association for Equalizing Industrial Opportunities and the League of Civic and Political Reform. $1.00 by mail. Race Orthodoxy in the South. By Thomas Pearce Bailey, white; formerly Professor in the Universities of California, Chicago, and Mississippi, and now a Professor in the University of the South. $2.15 by mail. Redder Blood. By William M. Ashby, col- ored. One of the few novels of the Negro by a Negro to be published in this country. Mr. Ashby is a Yale man. $1.00 by mail. The Voice of Mizriam. By John Walter Paisley, colored. This volume of poems, by a teacher of literature, deserves a place in the rapidly increasing library of American Negre poets, to which Dunbar, Corrothers, Braithwaite, and others have made valuable additions in recent years. $1.25 by mail. My Ogowe. By Robert Hamill Nassau, M.D., S.T.D., white; for forty-five years a resident of Africa; pioneer and explorer; scientist and man of letters. The work of a lifetime; 700 octavo pages of text with 50 full-page illustrations. $3.25 by mail. Dr. Nassau’s book entitled “In an Elephant Corral” is also published by this house. $1.00 by mail. The New Negro; His Political, Civil, and Mental Status. By William Pickens, Lit.D., colored; Dean of Morgan College, Balti- more. Dr. Pickens was graduated from Yale in the highest grade of his class and won the Phi Beta Kappa Key and the Ten Eyck Oration. Although a young man, he has won distinction as a scholar; he is easily among the foremost men of his race. $1.60 by mail. Order through THE NEALE PUBLISHING CO.,“hcte'cs" or THE CRISIS, ‘xy.tci° Meation Tux Cnrisis ber 8: Cc P § H $ $ $ P nm we

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The Most Remarkable Re-production of All! Booker T. Washington Life Size Plaques. Made into a beautiful ivory finish. Life- long memorial to the greatest Colored man in American History. Price each, $5.00. Phyllis Wheatley (poetess) The first woman in literature. Most per- fect likeness ever produced. Made into a perfect imitation bronze, life size plaques. Price each, $3.00. Colored English Representatives Wanted RUTH M. HARRIS, Sculptress 83 Crawford St., Pittsburg, Pa. COLORED [HELP WANTED Private families (also Hotels, season 1 916) SUBURBAN TRADE SPECIALTY Houseworkers $25-$35; cooks $30- $100; chambermaids, waitresses $25- $80; waiters, useful men, butlers, $25-$60; couples $50-$80; other positions, good pay. Send stamp for reply N. Y. & N. J. INDUSTRIAL EXCHANGE 1931 B’dway, cor. 65th St., N. Y. C. Cor. Langford St. & Lake Ave. Asbury Park, N. J. Samuel T. Marrow, Prop. Mrs. E. Marrow, Asst. RED ROSE FACE POWDER All Shades Talcum Powder, Face Lotion. Cold Cream and other toilet preparations made of the best materials. Write for samples. Agents wanted. FLORESSENCE MFG. CO. Box 7, 239 W. 631 St., New York City. See the Selected Liston Books? the Inside Front Cover THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 151 ? The Standard Teachers’ Agency (Established 1897) A Selected List, Graduates and Undergraduates, for Schools, Colleges and Universities. | Address: JOHN T. C. NEWSOM, Prop. and Broker, 1011 New York Ave., Washington, D. C. The SLAUGHTER SYSTEM introducing LYDA’S HAIR BEAUTIFIER Guaranteed to Grow Hair in SIX TREATMENTS or Money Refunded. Price 50 cents per box. Agents Wanted. System Taught by Mail or at College. Mrs. E. Slaughter Gamble 3001 LAWTON AVENUE $T. LOUIS, MO. tAINLESS treatment fur CORNS, BUNIONS, IN- GROWN NAILS, and ALL other AILMENTS of the FEET. Examina tion and Advice Free. DR. WILLIAM J. CARTER CHIROPODIST Telephone 1284 Audubon. 167 West 136th St., New York City. Make ingth Goods: to$6Saweek show- great Tailor-Book. so much finerand prices so much lower, everyone sees & the difference at a glance, The Chicago Tailors’ Association Dept- 815 South Franklin Street, CHICAGO If It Is For Your Lodge WE HAVE IT! We manufacture Lodge Regalia for every . Fraternal Society. Cash or Installment } Plan. Cheapest Badge House in the Count- Bd: ry. Catalogue for your Society FREE. F ‘ CENTRAL REGALIA CO. The Negro Regalia House. JOS. L. JONES, Pres, N. E. Gor. 8th & Plum Gincinnati. Ohio Mention Tax Cauisis

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152 THE CRISIS Atlanta University Studies of the Negro Problems 18 Monographs Sold Separately Address ATLANTA UNIVERSITY CONFERENCE ATLANTA UNIVERSITY «: ATLANTA, GA. The Curse of Race Prejudice By James F. Morton, Jr., A. M. _An aggressive exposure by an Anglo-Saxon cham- pion of equal rights, Startling facts and crushing arguments, Fascinating reading. A necessity for clear understanding and up-to-date propaganda. Be- longs in the library of every friend of social justice. Price 25 cents. Send order to JAMES F. MORTON, JR. 211 West 138th Street -: New York, N. Y. **GLEANINGS FROM DIXIE-LAND” Ten poems by Erriz T. Battie, A.M. “Mrs, Battle bas an individual gift of melody.” —Springfield Republican. “You owe it to your race to publish your poems in boats form.”—Editeor, Southwestern Christian Advo- cate. “Verses are smooth, graceful, high-minded and clear, reverent to all truth, appreciative of all beauty and true inspiration.”—George W. Cable. PRICE 25 CENTS. Appress: Oxotona Inpustriat ScHoot, Okolona, Miss. $25.00 PER WEEK may be made in commissions by parties handling “History of Negro Soldiers in Spanish-American War” combined with “History of the Negro Race.” 400 pages, 50 illustrations, ~ ice $1.25 net. Address: E. A. JOHNSON 154 Nassau Street NEW YORK THE HAITIAN REVOLUTION By T. G. STEWARD A book of 300 pages. beautifully Illustrated. Tells the story of the birth of the Black Republic. $1.25 Net “No one can read this book without a greater love of free- dom.’’—Kansas City Sun. “Na more interacting hank hee heen written ’—Army and Navy Register. “Picturesque story.”"—Boston Transcript. “In a word the book is excellent.’”’—Louisville News. “Should be read by every colored man and woman in Amer- ica.’’—Chicago Defender. “‘Wonderful book.’’—Amsterdam News. “Temperate, comprehensive, instructive.’"—Columbus Evening Despatch ORDER FROM THE AUTHOR T. G. STEWARD, Wilberforce, Ohio Or from THE CRISIS, 70 Fifth Ave., New York. Mention Tux Crisis ADVERTISER BOOKS! BOOKS! YOUNG'S BOOK EXCHANGE 135 W. 135th St., New York City WORLD'S FAMOUS NEGRO WRITERS Bargains in Rare Books Mail Orders Solicited AGENTS WANTED For our great new book, Progress and Achieve- ments of Colored People, showing the wonderful doings and new opportunities of colored Americans. Low price, many pictures, big sales and good profits. Write quick for offer and secure agency. Austin Jenkins Co., Washington, D. C. A ICE! Extending our trade territory, previously confined to Nebraska and S. Dakota, we wish to employ an active, honest, industrious and intelligent lady or gentleman in every community to act as our repre- sentative. Must furnish the best of references Salary $35.00 a month. Don't write unless you are sincere and mean business. Address: WESTERN SUPPLY COMPANY. 1000-1008 Q St., Lincoln, Nebr. TYPEWRITERS YOU CAN OWN A STAND- ARD VISIBLE MACHINE. Every machine we sell comes to you in perfect condition and every part is brand new All Makes and a Money-Back guarantee with every one. We invite comparison. Write NOW. OFFICE SPECIALTY COMPANY OUR LEADER $33.45 4277 Cote Brilliante, St. Louis, Mo. Open July Ist Closed September Ist THE OCEAN HOUSE SEA ISLE CITy, N. J. This hotel is right on * ocean front. It has wide porches, large conse ory dining room where one has a beautiful viev of the sea while dining, and every room opens on the ocean. Special rates for July: room and board, $8.00 per week. Per- sonally managed by Mrs. Lucy Lee, 5 Plain S&t., Elmhurst, L. I. Address after June 22nd, Ocean House, Sea Isle City, N. J. ~~ Rid your house of roaches with “Deli” Roach Powder 25c. and $1.00 BANEKER CHEMICAL CO. 809 N. Jefferson Ave., St. Louis, Mo. Agents Wanted amt me m6 a a

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THE CRISIS ADVERTISER BALTIMORE MAP SHOWING LOCATION OF LINCOLN-BUENAVISTA, MD. NEAR WASHINGTON, D.C. U.S.NAVAL ACAD AMARONE. An Investment in Lincoln- Buena Vista, Md., means preparedness against want and discomforts, 2 home among friends, a location that is handy. Lots 50 by 150 feet can be bought for $270 at $10 down and $5 a month; no interest. We build for you the kind of house you desire or loan you the money to build; easy terms. We give FREE to purchasers, 15 chickens, 9 fruit trees, 12 grape vines, 25 strawberry plants, one pig or one turkey. For full descriptive booklet, plat, etc., address THOS. J. CALLOWAY & CO., Agents **°* X°’ Wegnineron, D. c.

Start a Mail Order Business and Make Money CoLored agents Wanted every iis to co Yow can operate in your own home during spare > 9. ) Rif, Cl; time. > The parcel post has opened up the doors of the big demand fox Out ug a grade C a ong opporiunity to YOU. Others are making $20 to $500 . Oo ’ : . : a week. Why can’t you? By our method you can Cards. Sopular styles and dizes for fadies c c start with $5 and up. We offer you thirty live, money-making mail order plans. You can make 95 ¢. . cammissions. Outfit furnished. Cte orders $17 Dearborn Street Chicago, Il.

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Good Farming Land, $75 an acre. teachers of the embarrassment of job hunting. $3.00 Down and $3.00 monthly. We have had calls for teachers from Alabama, No interest and no taxes. Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Guaranteed titles. Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Mary- land, Mississippi, Missouri, New York, North Caro- THE N. es HEGEMAN co. lina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Builders and Developers, | South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia and West Suite 32, 9 Church St., New York City. | Virginia. Agents Wented. men ond women, on attvactive | | THE MUTUAL TEACHERS’ AGENCY }) 1403 New York Avenue Washington, D. C.

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154 Evans Art Pianos ana Players Factory to You 1. up ¢ saved by my plan of selling direct from my factory to you. I can save vou from $12) to $250 on an Evans Artist Model Piano or Piayer. as kind of terms,week- Frei ht Paid es eaareeety or "yearly payments to suit a convenience. All middie- men, jobbers, dealers and agents profits cut out. ese are some of the reasons why I can sell the Evans Artist Model Pianos for such little money. Let me send you the other reasons. 30 DAYS FREE TRIAL We allow all freight charges, let you use the beautiful Evans Artist Mode! Piano for thirty days free. If you are not entirely satisfied, we will take it back without ony cost to you—you are the sole judge to decide. you want to keep it, you may do so on our low factory wholesale price on most convenient terms. Music Lessons Without Cost To every customer we will give a two years course of pianoinstruction free. Ask about our insurance plan. Write today. STORY & CLARK PIANO CO. Ff. O. EVANS, Gen. Mgr., Dept. B'35 Chicago Ee AWEEK EVERY AGEET CAn GET AW AUTO FREE WO CONTEST CY HAL atae pe Guaranteed For Ten Years You—yourself—can positively make $60 a week and get a Free Auto. I want men, hustling, oneigeeie, ambitious fellows, anxiousto make money, who are willing towork with me, Not for me, but with me. Are you that kind? vertise, sell, and apron point local conantioned seller want you to ae nts for the bi yeare—the OBINSON FOLD ING ATH TUB. Seonnantebtion T= Furnished. Here’s an absolatel new oe, like it. Makes instant ep = easily. Gives fe oy me @ modern up-to-date mine part of the house. No plumbing. no water- a mood ‘olds in smal) roll, handy es umbrella. elt. or = tyin, ®t unleakable. Absolutely guarantee: ve ears. Remember, fully 70% of homes have no bath Sensational Sales Successes Two sales a day means $300a month. Breeze, of idaho. made iPro rot in davs. Rov. Otto Boh lee, Mo.. got $100 to date, Pholder, Mont., — $1072 in 17 by as *Hlamal incon, of nee ae first two days. Hundreds that. Pleasant, rite 7 rmanent, 4 oe work. Write + ere cnet ite ¥: No experience nee ca ¥ = nr credit [ee if you mean business, us ust be = 0" you must want to make Baw overs Thate nk ATs Write © now. I want to pay you G. &. ROBINSON, PRES. THF ROBINSON cunaeT On ure. o.” " 2856 Factories Building TOLEDO, OHIO THE CRISIS ADVERTISER PERSONAL CARDS Telephone 5277 Morningside DR..GERTRUDE E. CURTIS Suncszon Dentist 188 W. 135th Street New York City Telephones: [oad 104-W HARRY E. DAVIS Attorney-at-Law Notary Pusuic 1607 Williamson Building Cleveland, Ohie Office L. D. Telephone 3297 Market Residence L. D. Telephone 5277-M Market GEORGE A. DOUGLAS CounsELior-at-Law Rooms 613-614, Metropolitan Building 113 Market St., Cor. Washington, Newark, N. J. General Practice Notary Public WILLIAM R. MORRIS Atrorngy anp Counsg.ior-at-Law 1020 Metropolitan Life Building Minneapolis Minn BROWN S. SMITH Arttorngy-at-Law Offices: Suite 802 Sykes Block Near Third and Hennepin Minneapolis Minn. Tel. $437 Fort Hill Cable Address, Epben EDGAR P. BENJAMIN Attorngy ang Counsgiior-at-Law 34 School Street Boston, Mass Telephone Connection W. Ashbie Hawkins George W. F. McMechen HAWKINS & McMECHEN Arttorneys-at-Law : 21 East Saratoga Street Baltimore, Md. WANTED A young man or woman with experience and references to set up Assemblies for a Fraternal Order in the State of Pennsyl- vania. Parties who have done insurance work preferred. Address, C. B. Bailey, Box 1, Charlotte, N. C. AGENTS WANTED FOR W. T. McKissick & Co’s. FAMOUS 90 DAYS TREATMENTS No.1, No. 2 and No. 3 For Scalp, Hair and Skin P. O. Box 102, WILMINGTON, Det. AGENTS To do Gold and Silver lettering on Store and Office windows and handle our Office Specialties. Experience unneces- sary. Large Profits. OFFICE SPECIALTY COMPANY 4277 Cote Brilliante ST. LOUIS, MO. Meption Tue Crisis

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A New Book by Dr. Du Bois THE NEGRO By W. E. BURGHARDT DU BOIS, author of “Souls of Black Folk,” “Quest of the Silver Fleece,” “Select Bibliography of the Negro American,” etc. This is the authentic romance of the black man. It is a history of him at once scholarly, earnest and eloquent. He is considered from the earliest times, and the thread of his fas- eae oer is followed in Africa, America, and wherever else s appeared. To look at the Negro against the back- round of his history is to see him in a light fairer than that m which most Americans have seen him. 256 Pages—3 Maps—Cloth Bound At the low price of 50 cents net—By mail 56 cents Dr. Du Bois’s new book is the latest addition to a rematkable series of low-priced new books with which everybody should be- come acquainted. THE HOME UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 94 volumes now ready Published by HENRY HOLT & COMPANY, 34 West 33d Street, New York Is made up of new books by leading authorities. The editors are Professors GILBERT MURRAY, H. A. L. FISHER, W. T. BREWSTER and J. ARTHUR THOMSON. 5Oc. net paper, clear type, 256 pages per Postage extra Cloth bound, e complete and sold separately - - volume. “A growing wonder of enterprise and sound palms. Each volume, entirely new, is furnished by an acknowledged expert; is brief enough and plain enough to be readable or even fascinating, scientific enough to be a condensed authority —and at the nominal price of 50 cents.”—Hartford Courant. SOME SELECTED EARLIER VOLUMES: EVOLUTION By J. A. Thomson THE FRENCH REVOLUTION By Hilaire Belloc ROME By W. Warde Fowler PROBLEMS OF PHILOSOPHY By Bertrand Russell NAPOLEON By H. A. L. Fisher THE CIVIL WAR By F. L. Paxson LATIN AMERICA By W. R. Shepherd VICTORIAN LITERATURE By G. K. Chesterton GERMANY OF TODAY By Charles Tower EURIPIDES AND HIS AGE By Gilbert Murray UNEMPLOYMENT By A. C. Pigou Order through the publishers or through The CRISIS, 70 Fifth Avenue, New York Meation Tuz Carsis

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SAMUEL COLERIDGE-TAYLOR : Musician HIS LIFE AND LETTERS %:¢2rstsag AMUEL COLERIDGE-TAYLOR, the first composer of classic music to S come from the colored races, was born in London forty years ago. His genius asserted itself at the early age of six when, as one of his admirers describes it, he was found “holding a very small-sized violin in one hand, and playing at marbles with the other.” The real discovery was, however, made by his guardian, friend, and benefactor, Colonel Herbert, of the Queen’s Regiment. At thirteen, he was a brilliant solo violinist. Entering the Royal College of Music in 1890, three years later, he won an open scholarship for composition. His progress was marked by such landmarks as “Hiawatha’s Wedding Feast,” known the world over, “Herod,” “Ulysses,” “Nero,” “Faust,” “Endymion’s Dream,” “A Tale of Old Japan,” “Othello.” The tribute we pay to the darker races of the world who have produced artists, thinkers, and composers is notorious by its absence. Proud of his race, it was indeed characteristic of the sturdy, honest nature of Coleridge-Taylor that he never sought to keep in the background his Negro origin, but, on the contrary, was thoroughly proud of it and of his own position. Of the fascination the tale of his life holds for a biographer, it is needless to speak. Mr. Berwick Sayers has brought to his loving task an enthusiasm which makes of his volume charming reading. Alfred Noyes, in the poem entitled “Samuel Coleridge-Taylor,” writes: The spark that falls from heaven, not oft on earth, To human hearts its vital splendor gives; Iiis was the simple, true, immortal birth! Scholars compose; but THIS MAN’S MUSIC LIVES. Price, $2.25. Postage Extra THE CRISIS :: :: :: 70 Fifth Avenue, NEW YORK CITY The Journal of Negro History Published Quarterly Edited by 100 Pages CARTER G. WOODSON THE JOURNAL OF NEGRO HISTORY is the official organ of the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History, which is now trying not to promote an isolated research into the history of the black race but to show how civilization has been influenced by contact with the people of color. This publication aims to popularize the movement to save and make available the scattered historical materials bearing on the Negro. In it appear scholarly articles and valuable documents giving information generally unknown. It is concerned with facts not with opinions. Subscription price, $1.00 per year. Foreign subscriptions, 25 cents extra. Single numbers, 25 cents; 30 cents by mail. Checks should be made payable to THE JOURNAL OF NEGRO HISTORY and addressed to | CARTER G. WOODSON, 2223 12th St., N. W., Washington, D. C. Mention Tue Crisis

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