The Cosmopolitan 1905-04: Vol 38 Iss 6

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—— gona re mA TY THE Loreto Ahh ‘BB i copies vb uily s to Bray x onecaacghlin Has SNES nee BAER, 190 Ga eee a t * We ii i tt u i " Ae ea Te. ae THE ASSASSINATION OF A GOVERNOR AND THE EXTRAORDINARY INCIDENTS WHICH HAVE FOL- LOWED THE ATTEMPT TO BRING THE PERPETRATORS TO JUSTICE By DAVID GRAHAM PHILLIPS “OR the fourth time Caleb Powers must face a jury of his fellow citizens of Kentucky, to meet again the capital charge that he was a prime mover in a conspiracy to murder Gov. Wil- liam Goebel. He has been in prison since March, 1900. Three times he has been convicted and sentenced to death; three times the Court of Ap- peals has reversed on technicalities. And now defense | and prosecution | are once more gathering their | forces. The murder of William Goebel arose out of a ferocious political strife that has reached its climax of fury in the emotions and events centering about the trials of his alleged murderers. Their guilt or innocence has been asserted and denied even in the jury-room itself, not on the merits of the facts, but on the prejudices WILLIAM GOEBEI From a photograph taken not long before his assassination of Goebelite and anti-Goebelite. From both sides have come not only lies of the deliberate sort, but also those far more dangerous assaults upon the truth, the unconscious EO itn, lies prompted by passion. To listen patiently to an anti-Goebelite is to believe Powers and the fugitive ex- governor, Taylor, the victims of an infamous. con- spiracy to make political capital out of the murder; is to believe the prosecutors of Powers as savage bloodhounds as ever followed the trail of innocence; is to believe that the courts of Ken- tucky have been prostituted to the basest and most barbarous injus- tice. To listen with equal pa- tience to a Goebelite is to believe that Powers and Taylor are a pair of pro- curers of murder whose plans mis- carried; is to believe that in their efforts Copyright, 1904, by COSMOPOLITAN PUBLISHING COMPANY

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W. S. TAYLOR Ex-Governor of Kentucky, now a fugitive in Indiana to save themselves from the just con- sequences of their infamies they have not hesitated to abandon their wretched instruments and to drag the name and fame of their state in the mire. What is the truth? Is Goebelite or is anti-Goebelite right? Or, as so often happens in human affairs, are both right and both wrong? Far from the influ- ence of those boiling passions and inter- ested only in the truth as to this amazing and fascinating drama, perhaps we may, if not discover the whole truth, at least discover some valuable part of it. I Clearly, the key is William Goebel himself—who he was, why he was able to ignite fires that, five years after his death, burn with undiminished energy. In every community power tends to segregate into the hands of a few. Kentucky, like all the Southern states, emerged from the Civil War’s chaos with the Democratic party dominant, and that party ruled by its ‘‘better elemente’ —the families having the culture, the education, the commanding position in the various communities. And the ques- tion of negro suffrage, of ‘‘negro domina- tion,’’ greatly strengthened the hold of these ‘‘first families.’”’ Also, the chicanery necessary to the maintenance THE ASSASSINATION OF A GOVERNOR and hardened the people to election crimes of all sorts—to ballot-box stuffing, to tally-sheet forgeries, to violence at the polls, to sardonic swearings-in of the candidates with the fewer number of votes as the candidates elected. In the mountainous regions of Ken- tucky lived a population that had never held slaves—a lawless, rather brutal, but by no means unattractive or unin- telligent, people, for the most part Re- publicans. And as the industrial de- velopment spread southward from the Northern states, this Republican ele- ment was reenforced until it was close to two-fifths of the voting population of the entire state and liable to attain power if there should be a serious split in the Democratic party. Further, just as the Democrats, overwhelmingly in the majority in the leveler counties, could and did adjust election results to the needs of their party or its dominant clique, so the Republicans, where they were vastly in the majority, could and did conduct elections as they pleased, unchallenged. CALEB POWERS Whose fourth trial for conspiracy in the murder of Goebel will soon open of white rule educated and accustomed

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AAS pees enema THE ASSASSINATION OF A GOVERNOR MILITIA MARCHING TO GUARD THE STATE HOUSE GROUNDS, FRANKFORT AFTER GOEBEL WAS SHOT Presently, the inevitable Democratic split came. While it is true that power everywhere tends to segregate, it is also true that in a democracy this evil itself breeds its own cure. Soon there was a large and increasingly powerful element in the Democratic party that was ex- ceedingly restless under the rule of the oligarchy of ‘‘first families.’’ This rest- ive element was led by the younger men of the state, weary of waiting for the ‘old fellows’’ to get out of the way; and behind them began to line up a large part of the Democratic masses dissatis- fied with the intimacy of the oligarchy with the rich corporations. Of these corporations the most powerful and the most aggressive politically was the Louisville & Nashville Railway, which had almost a monopoly of the railway transportation of the state. The L. & N.’s officials, high and low, either were conspicuous in the oligarchy ruling the Democratic party or had the friendliest possible relations with it. And the rights of the people were naturally trampled more and more recklessly. Not only was there corruption of the grosser kinds, but also there was that subtlest form of it, the social bribe, to which the Kentuckians, with their ex- pansive temperament, were peculiarly susceptible. The oligarchy, descendant and heir of the haughty slavocracy, would not have had any too great respect for the rights of ‘‘the common people’”’ in any circumstances; with the L. & N. and other corporations corrupting it, it rode straight and fast to its own ruin. The destroyer finally arose in the person of William Goebel. A Kentucky faction has tried to canonize Goebel since his death. In fact, he was a politician; but shrewd, brave and per- haps not overscrupulous. When such a Man as was Goebel devotes his whole energy to building up the power of cor- rupt wealth, he is mildly criticized: “After all, he was on the side of the 9 better element!

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614 THE ASSASSINATION OF A GOVERNOR r = ; = 7 Ty | | L JAMES B. HOWARD Outlaw Taylorite, accused by Youtsey of firing the shot that killed Goebel But when a Goebel happens to be in- different to wealth and ‘‘respectabil- ity,’’ and devotes himself to building his power through the common people, he is denounced as a monster by the leaders of the comfortable and luxuri- ous classes; and in public prints, which are so largely in the hands or under the influence of ‘‘the better element’’— the rich and successful and _ socially highly placed—it is all but impossible to get any just idea of him. The truth is that Goebel was honest, as politicians go, was beyond the reach of corporate corruptions, was determined to make himself a mighty figure in state and national politics by fighting corrupt wealth. His purpose was good, as good as the purposes of the opposing servants of privilege and caste were bad; his motives may have been selfish, but no more so than those of all politicians; his methods were corrupt, like those of his opponents—no more corrupt than theirs, but shrewder and braver. In his superior shrewdness and audacity, which finally resulted in the complete overthrow of the oligarchy and brought about a cleaner and more demo- cratic Democratic party in Kentucky, may be found the clue to the ferocity | | of so large a part of the ‘‘respectable’”’ element in Kentucky, of those bearing the names with which the country at large is most familiar. Goebel became conspicuously active in the early ’90s, when the hard times were making the people peculiarly sensitive to corporate oppressions and aggressions, and the Populists were drawing off the Democratic rank and file by the tens of thousands. In 1895, the Republicans had elected their entire state ticket—and the Re- publican party was directed by an oligarchy of ‘‘leading families,’’ exactly like the Democratic oligarchy. Ob- viously, Goebel’s attacks upon oligarchy were in a way to be successful—there was the object-lesson of the Democratic party ejected from its ancient seats of | power by the rule-or-ruin policy of its oligarchs; there was the object-lesson of the Republican oligarchy, in power through Democratic quarrels, and using that power in precisely the same way in which the Democratic oligarchy had used it. Goebel made campaign after campaign, and he grew steadily. And HENRY E. YOUTSEY Whom Howard accuses of the shooting, and who confessed himself to being a principal

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hatred of him grew steadily, and it was no uncommon thing to hear a Kentuckian end a eulogy or a denun- ciation of him with, ‘“‘But somebody’ll kill him sure before he goes much further.”’ Finally, he got the Leg- islature, and in the winter of 1898 passed the famous Goebel law. That law has been widely described as a deliberate Goebel concoction to steal the state and to hold it indefinitely. Any one who will take the trouble to read it and to compare it with the law which it super- seded will find that it is if anything more in sympathy with the Kentucky Constitution. But that is not impor- tant. The real point is, that under the old law the oligarchs could more easily steal an election, while under the new law the Goebelites could more easily steal it. Under neither law was the object a fair fulfilment of the will of the majority, but the easiest and most plausible accom- plishment of the will of the political bosses. ‘In the broad, the old law made the governor and a few other state officers final judges of who was elected, while the new law transferred this power to the Legislature and boards appointed by it. As between these two pieces of roguery, cleverly disguised, a fair man will probably make no choice. At the Democratic state convention of 1899, at which both factions outdid themselves in fraud and corruption and

THE ASSASSINATION SCOTT COUNTY JAIL, GEORGETOWN, WHERE GOEBEL SUSPECTS WERE CONFINED

ARREST OF A GOEBELITE He killed a negro who said, ‘‘Goebel ought that, while the ‘Dem-

OF A GOVERNOR

<_ . outpourings of envenomed passion, Goe- bel got the nomination for governor, and leaders among his followers the nomi- nations for the other state offices. The beaten oligarchs bolted and nominated an ‘“‘old-line Democracy”’ ticket. At the election in the fall of 1899, after a ferocious three-cornered campaign, the Republican ticket, headed by W. S. Taylor, was successful by a narrow plurality on the face of the returns. Did it actually win? Nobody knows; no- body ever will know. The Republicans cheated in the mountains; the Democrats, both Goebelite and anti- Goebelite, cheated in the valleys. The devil fought him- self with fire all over the state. It was a great triumph for everything but right and justice and decency. Those who, noting that the Democrats were divided, rush toward the conclusion that the Republicans probably won, are flung back by the fact ‘6 to be shot,’’ half an hour after the shooting of the governor ocrats to a certain

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616 THE ASSASSINATION OF A GOVERNOR MILITIA GUARDING COURT-HOUSE TO PREVENT LEGISLATURE FROM ASSEMBLING extent checked one another from fraud in the valleys, the Republicans in their mountain strongholds were unchecked. We now come to January, 1900, and to the tragedy. The Republicans had had all the state offices since 1895— therefore the new lot of Republicans, elected on the face of the returns in November, 1899, were sworn in and were given possession by their Repub- lican predecessors. The Goebelites had the Legislature—a majority of fourteen in the Senate and of eighteen in the House. The Goebelites had filed con- tests before the boards appointed by the Goebel Legislature to hear and pass upon election contests—and Taylor’s nominal plurality over Goebel was only 2,856 out of a total vote of 403,000; the pluralities of the other Republicans were similarly small. Under the Constitu- tion of Kentucky, the Legislature was charged with the duty of finally deciding all contests for governor and lieutenant- governor; uncer the so-called Goebel law, the Legislature was also the court of final appeal for all contests brought before the returning-boards which it ap- pointed. That is, the Goebelites had two legal chances, arbitrarily or justly, to oust the Republican state officers or Taylorites and to install themselves. If the returning-boards should refuse to do the work, the Legislature could do it—and from the Legislature the only appeal was to arms and civil war. Of course, the Taylorites, while they knew their heelers had done some cheating at the polls in November, believed they had done far less of it than the heelers of the other fellows; of course, the Goebelites, while they knew their heelers had cheated at the polls in November, believed they had done less of it than the other fellows. And so the two factions, with vir- tuous hearts, shook their fists at each other; the Tay- lorites despairingly, because the Goebelites had the Legislature. In any warm- blooded community where weapons unconcealed were freely borne, and borne for use, here was a situation that meant violence and murder. II Frankfort, the country town which is the capital of Kentucky, and Franklin County, of which Frankfort is the coun- ty-seat, were then overwhelmingly Demo- cratic. Almost all the white people J. Cc. W. BECKHAM Present Governor of Kentucky

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were Democrats. Almost the only white Republicans were those from the moun- tain counties who had been elected to state offices through Democratic fac- tional quarrels. Apparently this shows that the Republican state officials were at Frankfort strangers in a hostile land. But that is not altogether true. There was a strong sympathy, as has been said, between the leaders of the Repub- lican machine and the leaders of the old- line Democratic machine—the old-fash- ioned Democrats hated Goebelism with a ferocity which made their antagonism to Republicanism seem mild in com- parison. So, the majority of the “‘lead- ing citizens’? of Democratic Frankfort were not hostile to de facto Governor Taylor and de facto Secretary of State Powers and the other de facto state officials whose positions the Goebelites were contesting. They were not friend- ly, but they were not hostile—and it is important to bear this in mind. Orders from Governor Taylor and letters have been published, showing that he got the militia, such companies as could be counted on, in readiness early in January. <A: few days after a brawl between a Taylorite and a Goebel- ite in Frankfort, he had several com- panies of militia secretly put under arms and kept in readiness at the armory. It does not anywhere appear that there was anything in the temper of the people of Frankfort or of the Goebelites to justify this; but there were rumors of Goebelites mustering in force, and the Taylorites put forward other rumors in justification of Taylor’s action, though it must in fairness be remembered and noted that, as the Goebelites had the majority of the Legislature, their program was one of peace and order, and electoral outrage under forms of law, if outrage it was. It is difficult for a fair-minded person to understand why Governor Taylor should have assembled militia, except in prepa- ration for armed resistance to the elec- toral decrees of the Legislature, though those decrees, whatever they might be, would be binding under the explicit man- date of the Constitution of the state. Caleb Powers, the de facto secretary of state, hastened up into the mountains THE ASSASSINATION

OF A GOVERNOR 617 whence he came, and there assembled and caused to be brought down to Frankfort to attend the sessions of the contest-boards a band of about a thou- sand Taylorite mountaineers. The un- impeached testimony is that they came drinking, and shooting out of the car- windows; that they conducted them- selves fairly well, except in speech, while they were at Frankfort; that when they left on January 25th, after having accomplished nothing, they fired fare- well volleys from the _ car-windows. While they were at Frankfort, they in- dulged in the wild and murderous talk to be expected from them in the circum- stances. It is testified by witnesses whose character the defense does not attack, that these men vented freely all sorts of threats to kill Goebel. In- deed, a reading of the evidence makes it impossible to doubt that the expe- diency of killing Goebel, the virtue and duty of killing him, methods of killing him, constituted a large part of the conversation of this mysterious mob, which slept in the State House and lounged in its corridors and in its grounds with revolvers and Winchesters in full view. Did Caleb Powers intend this to be an armed mob? He says it was a band of peaceful citizens, come peacefully to protest and to testify before the contest- boards. There is unrefuted and unim- peached testimony to the contrary. In a letter he wrote to the adjutant-general of the state, requesting him to issue orders to two reluctant mountain com- panies to join in that descent upon Frankfort, Powers says: ‘‘We must have those men and guns. We are under- taking a serious matter, and win we must.’”” In a letter which Powers’ brother John wrote to a Powers henchman, Militia Sergeant Ricketts, of Coalport, there are these words: “Come to town Wednesday with all the men up there prepared to leave. Say nothing about it. Let the men know they are to leave, but keep ‘quite.’ Bring what guns you can. Shotguns; C [Caleb] would rather they be brought Wednesday, just after night. Wear a citizen’s suit of clothes.’’ Again, a 44 tn cn

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618 THE ASSASSINATION OF A GOVERNOR young woman, then a Miss Snuffer, with whom Caleb Powers talked while in the mountain region collecting ‘‘pro- testers,’’ testifies that he called on her, that he said ‘‘they were going to fight rather than be robbed. During the time he took a pistol from his pocket and said that was his business there now. I asked him if he would not hate to be killed, and he said yes, and I asked him if he would not hate to kill anybody, and he said yes, but he would rather do it than be robbed. He said that before he would be robbed he would go in there and kill them himself.” Dismissing the testimony of all the witnesses assailed by Powers and his associates, and taking only their own testimony and that of witnesses above suspicion—the letters of Powers and Taylor, the testimony of Miss Snuffer and John Black and Captain Hawn and D. D. Hill and several others—we cannot avoid the conclusion that Powers, and Taylor, who was backing him up, though somewhat nervously, in all he did, were contemplating armed resistance to the constitutional authority of the Legis- lature; that they were firmly convinced of the justice of their cause, of their title to that which the face of the returns gave them; that they proposed to de- fend that cause by inaugurating civil war. It is a question for moralists when and where the moral right to resist constituted authority begins; these men may have been right, may not have been prejudiced by ambition in thinking they had done less cheating than the Goebel- ites; but, when they now come forward and deny that civil war was ever at any time their purpose, are they not in jeopardy of being placed in the same category with those witnesses against them whom they accuse of perjury? The attempts of Taylor and Powers to deny this established fact of contem- plated violence is one reason why their defense against the other charge, the conspiracy to murder Goebel, falls short of the expectations of their friends. The first principle of a successful de- fense is complete frankness. Innocence that strives to conceal cannot loudly com- plain if it creates the impression of guilt. We find, then, that toward the end of January, Taylor and Powers, especially Powers, were filling the streets of Frank- fort with armed men who breathed threatenings and slaughter against Goe- belites and Goebel, that Powers and Tay- lor still further electrified a surcharged atmosphere. The contest-boards decided that under the law they had no authority to go back of the face of the returns; they so re- ported to the Legislature, and the Legis- lature appointed committees from its own body to hear the contests promptly filed with it by Goebel and the other Goebel candidates for state offices. The main body of the mountaineers with- drew, leaving, however, for a purpose which has not been explained by the defense, no less than two hundred of their number to continue to lounge threateningly about the State House corridors and grounds. The contests were ‘‘up to’”’ the Legislature, and every- body knew what the Legislature would do as surely as Goebel remained alive to nerve it to disregard the ominous Taylorite preparations which had over- awed the contest-boards. On the morning of January 30th, Caleb Powers left for western Kentucky. He says that his purpose was to assemble there and bring down to the capital another body of protesters and witnesses to testify before the Legislature com- mittee. It is cited by his friends as proof how determined he was to be law-abiding that he was thus assembling witnesses when, in the then state of factional fury, it was a foregone con- clusion that the Goebel Legislature would eject the Taylorites from the state offices and would seat the con- testing Goebelites. The opponents of Powers, however, take the view that this absence on a patently useless mission was deliberately and criminally oppor- tune. The legislative contest committees were to convene at 2:30 p. m. on that January 30th. It was generally as- sumed that they would quickly hear the testimony as to the Taylorite Re- publican frauds, would wave aside or minimize the testimony as to Goebelite | ——

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eee frauds, would report to the Legislature in favor of the contestants, who would be sworn in probably before the sun went down. At 11:30 that morning, as Mr. Goebel was on his way across the State House grounds to the chamber of the Senate, of which he was a member, he was shot down and mortally wounded by a bullet which, it is now admitted by all, came from a window of the private office of the secretary of state—that is, from Caleb Powers’ private office. As soon as the county authorities recovered from the wild confusion into which they and the whole town were thrown, they hastened to the State House to begin an investigation of the assassina- tion. They found the State House grounds guarded by militia; they were denied admittance; beyond professions of willingness to assist, and those ex- pressions of regret and horror which might or might not have been perfunc- tory, they got no assistance whatever from the encitadeled tenants of the State House toward solving the mystery of the assassination. Nor was any serious attempt made by the officials within those military lines to find out who had committed the crime, though they remained there more than a month. If the present theory of the defense as to the crime is valid, those officials must have known who shot Goebel within a few hours after he fell. Yet Youtsey, the man they now accuse, was not even questioned by Taylor or by Powers, or, so far as the testimony shows, by any one within those lines. Six weeks later, Taylor, still holding out as governor, issued pardons to Caleb Powers and to several others not accused and not like- ly to be accused, and Powers ventured through the militia lines and tried to escape from the state in a militia uni- form. Finally Taylor himself fied, first to Pennsylvania, then to Washington, thence to New York, and finally, fleeing from demands for his extradition, to Indiana, where he now lives, protected against extradition by the Republican governor of that state on the ground that he would not have a fair trial in Kentucky. Obviously we have here an atmosphere THE ASSASSINATION OF A GOVERNOR 619 of panic. The panic would be consistent with innocence—it would not be strange if innocent men, drawn by fate into such a frightful position, failed to conduct themselves with coolness and discretion. But, over and above the panic, is there not guilt? The acts cited, hardly more conspicuous than a score of others of which they are typical, show men con- scious at least of acts which cause ap- pearances to be desperately against them. But now the question arises, guilt of what? Guilt of conspiracy to murder Goebel? Or, guilt of having gone far toward plotting a civil war? At first blush it would seem that Powers’ contention that the assassination of Goebel was the last thing he and Taylor could have in common sense desired, seems valid and almost convin- cing. As the event proved, that assassin- ation destroyed the last hope of Taylor and Powers of retaining the offices to which they were elected on the face of the returns. But, on the other hand, with Goebel alive, what hope could they have had, except in a civil war, when he controlled the Legislature? And is there not plausibility in the contention of the prosecution that Taylor and Powers saw in the death of Goebel—Goebel, the brains and the courage and appar- ently the whole amalgamating and nerv- ing force of the new Democratic party— their one chance to win without civil war, to win through the disintegration of the Goebelites? Were not ‘good citizens’’ by the hundred, “leading men’’ of the Republican and old-line Democratic parties, saying openly that Goebel was a plague and a pest from which death alone could deliver Ken- tucky? Were not “leading citizens’’ saying that the death of Goebel would avert a civil war, would disperse his “rabble’’ and restore authority to the ‘better elements’’ which had so long, so peaceably—and so profitably—exer- cised it? ‘Those who know Kentucky will understand what was being said and thought—Kentucky, where men still carry arms as they go about the streets as if we were in the middle ages; Kentucky, where the right of private vengeance is still hardly denied;

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620 THE ASSASSINATION OF A GOVERNOR Kentucky, where the appeal to arms is as natural as is the appeal to courts in states where sensitiveness to ‘“‘honor’’ habitually takes a less dramatic form. There is nothing in the circumstances of the assassination of Goebel, nothing in the character of Powers, strenuous, fiery, mountain-bred, nor in the charac- ter of Taylor, a Kentucky mountaineer no less aggressive, in speech at least, than Powers—nothing in the circum- stances or in the character of the prin- cipals or of their ambitions and their methods of promoting those ambitions, to forbid the theory of the prosecution— the theory that Taylor and Powers wished the death of Goebel and con- spired to make that wish effective. But—this does not prove, does not have any vital bearing upon proof, that either Taylor or Powers actually did conspire. The politicians of all three factions had together so acted that an atmosphere of violence and murder was in the lungs of every man in Frankfort, of almost every man in the state. Those politicians were for the most part, by habit of mind and action, capable of murder. Few, indeed, of the older generation of them but had “killed their men.’’ Goebel himself shot down Sanford in the streets of Covington. But it is another thing to say that Tay- lor and Powers had been so little freed by education from their early training of the mountain vendetta and bush- whacking murder that they would de- liberately plot for others to kill the mar who was about to wrest from them the high offices they had struggled so hard and so unscrupulously to get and had won on the face of the figures. Madden- ing though the taunts of the securely legal Goebelites must have been, and frenzying though the consciousness that under the Constitution Goebel and his followers could calmly and with all seeming of lawfulness eject them from offices to which they, whether rightly or wrongly, thought they had been chosen by the majority of the people, still they were human beings; and for an educated human being to arrange an assassination, he must have a streak of the monster in him—even if the man he purposes to cause to be slain is re- garded by him and by multitudes as anenemyofGodandman. The passions of the strife had transformed Goebel to his opponents into a fiend in human form; for Powers or Taylor to shoot him down personally would be for them to destroy their public careers; if he was to be killed, it must obviously be by hired assassins. Still—suspicion is more likely to be wickedly unjust than in any measure just. And in no circumstances is it proof. III The Legislature proclaimed the dying Goebel and his associates on the Demo- cratic state ticket elected; Goebel was sworn in; when he died, on February 8d, the Democratic lieutenant-governor, a clean, able, honest young man who is at present the elected governor of the state, was sworn in as his successor. The Republican and anti-Goebel mem- bers of the Legislature had refused to participate in the electoral proceedings, in the hope of making a case for the Supreme Court of the United States. But the Supreme Court decided that it had no authority to interfere; and the Republican President of the United States refused to heed Taylor’s frantic pleas for armed Federal interference. The Taylor-Powers government disap- peared; the constitutional government was free to push the inquiry into the murder. Powers and his associates severely criticize the Legislature for appropria- ting one hundred thousand dollars as a special fund to bring the murderers to justice. But their criticisms seem in fairness unreasonable. The appropria- tion was made when Goebel had just been shot down, when Taylor, with the militia hedging him at the State House, was to the suspicious and infuriated Goebelites in the attitude of defending and shielding the murderers. Finally, not fifteen thousand dollars of that fund has been expended. Powers and his friends charge that the prosecuting Goebelites have prosti- tuted the entire judicial system of Kentucky. But is not this exaggerated

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and unwarranted? For example, Pow- ers’ own case has been acted upon three times by the Court of Appeals. Once the majority of the judges were Repub- licans. Yet that Republican court did not condemn wholesale the trial in the lower court and release Powers; it merely reversed, and that on error which might have crept into the fairest trial. The other times, with the majority of the court Democratic, the result was the same. Or, to go to the trial courts, an examination of their records shows that so far as the proceedings of the courts themselves from day to day are concerned, the judges interpreted the necessarily extremely liberal rules of evidence governing conspiracy cases for rather than against the defense; in not a single instance did a judge of a trial court do anything which judges and lawyers in all parts of the country would not admit was within the pro- prieties and the precedents. For the rulings which Powers and his friends most severely condemn, the trial judges had all-fours precedents in cases univer- sally accepted as authoritative. The only criticism of partiality that can be thoroughly sustained is in the selection of juries. Making all allow- ances for the scarcity of qualified white Republicans not in Federal office, and therefore barred from jury duty, in the sections of Kentucky in which the trials were held, still one cannot escape the suspicion that the venires for those juries were not wholly by chance made up of an overwhelming preponderance of Democrats. In mitigation of this, it must be conceded that among the jurors of the first Powers jury there were one stanch Republican and six anti- Goebel Democrats, that on the third jury there was one strong Republican of the best character and standing, that the foreman of the second jury was a former schoolmate of Powers’, and was not challenged by him either per- emptorily or for cause. All three juries unanimously found Powers guilty and fixed the death-sentence upon him. So, when Powers and his friends assail the whole judicial system of Kentucky, they tempt a reaction of sentiment. The THE ASSASSINATION OF A GOVERNOR 621 truth is, there is a case against Powers and Taylor, and whether or no the convictions of Powers have been un- warranted, they do not travesty justice. It is probable that juries of fair men wholly free from the passion of Goebel and anti-Goebel would acquit Powers on the evidence presented; but it is also equally probable that equally fair juries would convict him. The net result of the prosecution thus far is: One man, Youtsey, who confesses that he was a principal in the crime, is condemned to prison for life; another man, Howard, who admits participation in the crime and who, at the time of its committing, was a fugitive from justice for a cold-blooded murder, is serving a life-sentence; Powers, about to have a new trial; two obscure alleged conspirators, acquitted. In face of the records of the trials and the appeals, in face of the results just recounted, is it fair to denounce the whole system of justice in Kentucky? The denunciation would not have been accepted as just by the country at large had not the Republican press of the country accepted without investi-. gation the assertions of Powers and Taylor and their lawyers, and had not the ‘‘gold’’ Democratic press pursued the same course because so many of the leaders of the ‘‘old-line Democracy”’ of Kentucky were conspicuous gold Demo- crats. The fact that Goebel was a machine politician of an obnoxious type, has also been a largely determining factor in public judgment throughout the North upon the proceedings of the men who have prosecuted his alleged slayers. Passion and prejudice do not breed injustice in Kentucky alone. IV Let us now glance at the evidence sub- mitted at these trials, at the case against and the case for Powers—it is also a large part of the case that would be made against and for Taylor, if the Kentucky authorities could get him ex- tradited out of Indiana. The case put forward by the prose- cution is, in outline, as follows: That ' ; i '

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622 Taylor and Powers, despairing of keep- ing their offices with the Goebelites having final say through absolute con- trol of the Legislature, created at Frank- fort conditions of violence and murder by bringing there armed bodies of their mountain followers. That they pre- pared to protect themselves from the possible consequences of Goebelite coun- ter-violence by secretly assembling such of the militia as was Republican and could therefore be relied on to obey the orders of Governor Taylor. That they apparently hesitated for some time be- tween civil war and murdering Goebel. That, for reasons known only to them, they abandoned a bold flinging down of the gage of civil war and, with some haste, as the time was short, made sev- eral attempts to procure assassins through Henry Youtsey, a young lawyer with a twelve-hundred-dollar-a-year job in the state auditor’s office and an ardent Republican. That, finally, Taylor sent for and Youtsey instructed one James Howard, an outlaw Taylorite wanted by the authorities for trial for a deliberate murder in the mountains. That on the morning of January 30th, when Howard was to arrive from his mountain fast- ness and ‘‘do the job,’’ Powers absented himself, on a pretext of innocent business which he had carefully arranged before- hand. That Howard and Youtsey went into Powers’ private office, where were several guns, put there in readiness by Powers and by Youtsey, and that How- ard or Youtsey fired the shot,that killed Goebel. Howard says Youtsey fired it; Youtsey says Howard fired it. The case put forward by the defense is, briefiy, as follows: That the secret as- sembling of the militia was a wise guard- ing against possible outbreaks of the passions which had all Kentucky aglow and on the verge of flame. That the assembling and bringing to Frankfort of armed Republican mountainzers was for purposes of peaceful petition against the contemplated electoral crimes of the Goebelites, and that Powers took every precaution to prevent the mountaineers from using the guns without which they would not come. That Youtsey, his never too steady brain upset by the THE ASSASSINATION OF A GOVERNOR political excitement and by the prospect of losing his job with the ejection of the Taylor administration, got guns on his own account, and took advantage of the absence of Powers to use the secretary of state’s office for the murder. That the confessions of the low charac- ters who implicate Powers and Taylor were got by the Goebelites under threats of trying and hanging if ‘‘satisfactory’”’ confessions were not made. That the testimony of such of the corrobora- ting witnesses as are also low charac- ters was got partly by duress, partly by perjury. That the testimony of the witnesses of good character who took the stand against Powers is unimportant, taken by itself, indicating nothing more than the intense feelings which the political situation had roused in Powers, Taylor, and every one else in the state, Republican, Goebelite and anti-Goebel- ite. It is undoubtedly true that Youtsey has shown himself to be a miserable liar, with a dime-novel sense of the dramatic and a craving for notoriety. Nor can the prosecution deny that Howard, Noakes, Golden, Culton and Cecil, the men who make the alleged confessions, are low characters. But the obvious contention of the prosecution is that this is precisely the class of men among whom a conspiracy to assassinate would be formed, precisely the class among whom a scoundrel of higher grade would look when seeking persons to procure murder and to murder; that the testi- mony of these men must not be wholly rejected, but must be judged on its merits and, in so far as it is corroborated, believed; that any other course would mean license to conspire to murder, for who but the vile ever conspire to assas- sinate, and with whom but the vile do they ever conspire? And the prose- cution contends that the corroboration of these alleged confessions is ample. Again, it is undoubtedly true that, at a time when Powers and Taylor and their followers were being goaded into venting all kinds of wild talk, many remarks would be made which a witness who wished to lie could without any great ingenuity pervert into statements

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of deliberate purpose to kill Goebel. But, on the other hand, it is not easy to believe that even the vindictive and unscrupulous men who prepared the case against Powers could so coach several creatures of low mentality that their testimony would come practically unimpaired from under many shrewd and searching cross-examinations, and would fit, each man’s into the others’, with that inexact exactness which is the characteristic of truthful human testimony. Also, the defense does not controvert or seek to controvert the evidence that Noakes and Golden and Howard and Cecil and Culton were political heelers in the Taylor-Powers machine, performing to the satisfaction of their leaders the humbler and dirtier tasks of ‘‘practical politics,’’ and were trusted by their leaders up to the time of the complete overthrow of Taylor and Powers. Again, it is undoubtedly true that Youtsey had not long been acquainted with Powers and was not an intimate of his, and that Youtsey was not an in- timate of Taylor’s—and it must be borne in mind that Youtsey’s part in the alleged conspiracy is all but vital to the proof of it. But, on the other hand, the prosecution points out that political solidarity, strong in all machines, is peculiarly strong in Kentucky; that Youtsey was a strong Taylorite; that he had a job which was an extremely good one from his standpoint; that he was bright and vigorous and eager to be helpful, was, in fact, an ideal man for go-between—not too intimate with the principals, in case the plot should miscarry, yet well enough known to them to make him entirely trustworthy. In brief, the prosecution alleges that Youtsey was precisely the kind of self- hypnotizing enthusiast, ready to find anything right that served the ‘‘good cause,’’ whom the adroit leaders of such enterprises find to be their best possible instrument. The defense contends that there was no conspiracy; that Youtsey alone and of his own initiative either shot Goebel himself or induced Howard to do it, by falsely assuring him that Taylor wished THE ASSASSINATION OF A GOVERNOR 625 it done, and by falsely guaranteeing to him that if he did do it, Taylor would protect him and would pardon him for his other murder. As proof that Yout- sey had the murder in mind, the defense presents evidence that Powers, going into his office on January 27th, three days before the murder, was astonished by seeing Youtsey at the window, the shade down, the window up about six inches, a rifle across his knees. Powers says he asked Youtsey what he was do- ing, and that Youtsey answered, ‘‘Noth- ing much’’; that he then demanded, ‘What do you propose to do-with that gun?’’ that Youtsey said, ‘‘If trouble starts I expect to be prepared for that trouble.’”’ ‘I knew nothing of Youtsey,”’ Caleb Powers’ testimony continues, ‘‘and I went out of the office to go and get some one to go and talk with him.’”’ He says, and Todd, who was a clerk in Tay- lor’s office, corroborates him, that he “said to Todd, ‘Do you know that fellow Youtsey?’ and he said, ‘Yes,’ and I said, ‘I wish you would go into my office and talk to him. He is acting like a crazy man.’’’ Powers’ and Todd’s testimony goes on to relate that they both remon- strated with Youtsey, and that Youtsey yielded to them and put away the gun —as Todd testifies, behind a plank in that office where several other guns were concealed. At first glance, this seems a strange mildness on Powers’ part; but, when the fierce agitation of those days is con- sidered, the improbability tends to dis- appear. On the other hand, Youtsey, testifying to the same occurrence, relates that he found Powers at the window with the gun, et cetera. The conclusion formed in an unprejudiced mind is that, whether or not Powers tells the truth, Youtsey lies. Indeed, the strongest point in Powers’ favor throughout is Youtsey’s testimony—for a cheaper romancer never mounted the witness- stand. The defense has not admitted, indeed has not dared admit, the conditions in the State House in those days immedi- ately preceding the murder. But enough of the truth has come out, from unimpeachable testimony, direct and

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624 circumstantial, to enable the construction of the theory that must be true if Powers and Taylor are innocent of conspiracy to assassinate Goebel. That theory would be that Youtsey, in dread of losing the best job he ever had, and inflamed by the talk of violence and of murder all around him, became convinced that the expedient and the right thing to do was to kill Goebel; that his threats to do it were, in the general agitation, not espe- cially noted and not vigorously discour- aged; that he finally either did it him- self or got Howard to do it; that, after the murder was done, Powers and Tay- lor, partly because they were in a panic, partly because they looked on the assas- sination as a crime not without mitiga- ting features, acted as if they wished to be the beneficiaries by that crime, and so put themselves in the position of seeming to be its authors; that they were so absorbed in the problem of their own fate that they overlooked the fact that they were shielding the murderer. Such is, apparently, the only tenable theory on which Powers and Taylor can be regarded as innocent of the murder. For Powers and Taylor to allege that they are wholly without responsibility for the death of Goebel is as impossible fair-mindedly to entertain as is the prose- cution’s profession that it has not over- stepped the bounds of justice and of respect for decency. For Powers and Taylor to allege that they did not con- template violence at Frankfort is as absurd as for Goebelite to pretend that Goebel’s more daring, more sagacious and more successful use of the habitual methods of Kentucky’s practical poli- ticians had not driven Taylor, Powers and their followers to a desperation in which any sort of extreme measure would seem to them justifiable. For Powers and Taylor to allege that they could not hope to gain anything by the death of the man who was regarded with some- thing akin to dread even by his own in- timates, and whose cool audacities under the most punctilious forms of law fright- ened even his lieutenants, is as far from THE ASSASSINATION OF A GOVERNOR the truth as it is for Goebelite to put forward as truth all the silly imaginings of Youtsey or all the windings of the confessing alleged conspirators. Was Youtsey the instrument of men deliberately plotting? Or was he the accidental outcome of the highly elec- trified conditions created in the State House by the struggle of Taylorite and Goebelite? Have the self-accused con- spirators who testify against Powers been frightened and bribed into lying, or coerced and bought to tell the truth? Those are questions for a jury to settle, with the witnesses themselves before it. All that we can say here is that Powers and Taylor and their friends have been unjust to the judicial system of Kentucky in their not unnatural eagerness to clear themselves; that the prosecutors of Powers and Taylor have given a color of justification to those ex- aggerations by seeking to strengthen with injustice the cases which they un- doubtedly believe to be just. And finally, have we not discovered enough of the truth to give us firm ground for the belief that nowhere in this republic is there a breed of citizen-monsters, and that no great state of this Union can be wholly conquered by barbarism, even under the imperious drive of the strong- est passions that assail the supremacy of reason and justice? If Powers and Taylor are innocent of conspiring to murder Goebel, they at least have the consolation of feeling that the hardships they have endured since March, 1900, have not been wholly undeserved. If they are guilty, they can congratulate themselves upon being still alive and upon having raised up for themselves a host of friends who regard them as martyrs. But martyrs they are not. And if their original cause was just, and if they had patiently submitted to the Constitution and the laws of their state instead of arranging to right a wrong, real or fancied, with a civil war, they might to-day be, the one, governor, the other, secretary of state, put in those offices by a majority of the outraged electorate too great for fraud to expunge.

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THE OCCULTATION OF FLORIAN AMIDON By HERBERT QUICK i A SLEEP AND A FORGETTING Deep in the Well where “blushing hides the shrinking and Naked Truth I have dived, and dared to fetch ensnared this Fragment of tested Sooth; And one of the purblind Race of Men peered with a curious Eye Over the Curb as I fetched it forth, and be- sought me to drop that lie: But all ye who long fgr Certitude, and who yearn for the Ultimate Fact, Who know the Truth and in spite of Ruth tear piecemeal the Inexact Come list to the Lay that I sing to-day, and choose between him and me, And choosing show that ye always know the Lie from the Veritee! —The Rime of the Sheeted Spoorn. AGGS,” said Mr. Amidon, ‘‘take things entirely into your own hands. I’m off.’’ “All right,’’ said Baggs. ‘‘It’s only a day’s run to Canada; but in case I should prove honest, and need to hear from you, you’ll leave your address?”’ Mr. Amidon frowned and made a gesture expressive of nervousness. “‘No,”’ said he, in a high-pitched and querulous tone. ‘‘No! I want to see if this business owns me, or if I own it. Why will you need to communicate with me? Whenever I’m off a day you always sign everything; and I will not be away but a day or two this time! I shall not leave any address; and don’t look for me until I step in at that door! Good-by.”’ And he walked out of the bank, went home, and began looking over for the last time his cameras, films, tripods and the other paraphernalia of his fad. “This habit of running off alone, Florian,’’ said Mrs. Baggs, his sister, housekeeper, general manager, and the wife of Baggs, his confidential clerk and silent partner, “‘gives me an uneasy feeling. If you had only done as I wanted you to do, you’d have had some one e

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626 THE OCCULTATION OF FLORIAN AMIDON—FICTION ‘Now, Jennie,’ said he, ‘‘we have settled that question a dozen times, and we can’t go over it again if I am to catch the 4:48 train. Keep your eye on the men, and keep Baggs up in the collar, and see that Wilkes and Ranger get their just dues. I must have rest, Jennie; and as for the wife, why, there’ll be more some day for this purely speculative family of yours if we By the way, there’s the whistle at Ander- son’s crossing. Good-by, my dear!’ On the 4:48 train, at least until it had aged into the 7:30 or 8:00, Mr. Florian Amidon, banker, and most attractive unmarried man of Hazelhurst, was not permitted to forget that his going away was an important event. What fol- lowed was so extraordinary that every- thing he said or did was remembered, and the record is tolerably complete. He talked with Simeon Woolaver, one of his tenants, about the delinquent rent, and gave Simeon a note to Baggs relative to taking some steers in settlement. This was before 5:17, at which time Mr. Woolaver got off at Duxbury. ‘‘He was entirely normal,’’ said Simeon during the course of his examination— ‘“‘more normal than I ever seen him; an’ figgered the shrink on them steers most correct from his standp’int, on a business card with a indelible pencil. He done me out of about eight dollars an’ a half. He was exceedin’ly normal —up to 5:17!’ Mr. Amidon also encountered Mrs. Hunter and Miss Hunter in the parlor- car, inmediately after leaving Duxbury. Miss Hunter was on her way to the Maine summer-resorts with the Senator Fowlers, to whom Mrs. Hunter was taking her. Mrs. Hunter noticed nothing peculiar in his behavior, ex- cept the pointed manner in which he passed the chair by Minnie’s side, and took the one by her mother. This seemed abnormal to Mrs. Hunter, whose egotism had its center in her daughter; but those who remembered the respect- ful terror with which he regarded women between the ages of eighteen and thirty- five, failed to see exceptional con- duct in this. His lawyer, Judge Blodg- ett, with whom he went into the buffet at about seven, found him in conversa- tion with these two ladies. ‘“‘He seemed embarrassed,’’ said the judge, ‘‘and was blushing. Mrs. Hunter was explaining the new style in ladies’ figures, and asking him if he didn’t think Minnie was getting much plumper. As soon as he saw me he yelled: ‘Hello, Blodgett! Come into the buffet! I want to see you about some legal mat- ters.’ He excused himself to the ladies, and we went into the buffet.’ “What legal matters did he place before you?”’ said his interlocutor. “‘Two bottles of beer,’’ said the judge, “and a box of cigars. Then he talked Browning to me until 9:03, when he got off at Elm Springs Junction, to take the Limited north. He was wrong on Browning, but otherwise all right.’’ It was, therefore, at 9:03, or 9:05 (for the engineer’s report showed the train two minutes late out of Elm Springs Junction), that Florian Amidon became the sole occupant of this remote country railway platform. He sat on a trunk- ful of photographer’s supplies, with a Mr. Herbert Quick, author of ‘“The Occultation of Florian Amidon,”’ Mr. has already published two novels, in which he shows himself possessed of a strong predilection for the marvelous, which has been stimulated by the wonderful development of the Middle West, in the heart of which he was born and has always lived. Nevertheless, until his first appearance as a novelist four years ago, the world knew him as a thoroughly practical man. Born in Iowa, forty-four years ago, he is proud of the fact that by birth and rearing he is a farmer. But opportunities, acquired through teaching and editorial work, enabled him to study law, the practice of which caused him to take up his residence, in 1890, in Sioux City, where he now resides. Mr. Quick has reason to be proud of his literary achievements, but he would rather be known by the results of his connection, as attorney, with a citizens’ committee in Sioux City which accomplished on a small scale work similar to that of Mr. Folk in Missouri. For two years Quick was mayor of his city, and although not now holding political office, is a member of the Iowa Democratic State Committee.

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suit-case and a leather bag at his back. It was the evening of June 27, 1896. All about the lonely station the trees crowded down to the right of way, and rustled in a gentle evening breeze. Somewhere off in the wood, his ear dis- cerned the faint hoot of an owl. Across the track in a pool under the shadow of the semaphore, he heard the full orches- tra of the frogs, and saw reflected in the water the last exquisite glories of expir- ing day lamped by one bright star. Leaning back, he partly closed his eye- lids, and wondered why so many rays came from the star—with the vague wonder of drowsiness, which comes be- cause it has been in the habit of coming from one’s earliest childhood. The star divided into two, and all its beams swam about while his gaze remained fixed, and nothing seemed quite in the focus of his vision. Putting out his hand, presently, he touched a window damp with vapor and very cold. On the other side he felt a coarse curtain, and where the sema- phore stood appeared a perpendicular bar of dim light. A vibratory sound somewhere near made him think that the owls and frogs had begun snoring. He heard horrible hissings and the dis- tant clangor of a bell; and then all the platform heaved and quaked under him as if it were being dragged off into the woods. He sprang upward, received a blow upon his head, rolled off to the floor, and Stood in the middle of the sleeping- car, clad only in a night-shirt; and a scholarly-looking negro porter looked down in his face, laying gentle hands upon him, and addressing him in sooth- ing tones. “Huht yo’ haid, Mr. Brassfield? Kind o’ dreamin’, wasn’t yo’, suh?’’ said the porter. ‘“‘Bettah tuhn in again, suh. I'll wake yo’ fo’ N’Yohk. Yo’ kin sleep late on account of the snow holdin’ us back. Jes’ lay down, Mr. Brassfield; it’s only 3:35.”’ A lady’s eye peeped forth from the curtain of a near-by berth, and van- ished instantly. Mr. Amidon, seeing it, plunged back into the shelter from which he had tumbled, and lay there trembling HERBERT QUICK-—-FICTION 627 —-trembling, forsooth, because, instead of summer, it seemed winter; for Elm Springs Junction, it appeared to be a moving train on some unknown road, going God knew where; and for Florian Amidon, in his outing-suit, it had the appearance of a somnambulistic wretch in his night-clothes, who was addressed by the unfamiliar porter as Mr. Brass- field! II THE RIDDLE OF RAIMENT AND DATES From his eyne did the glamour of Faerie pass And the Rymour lay on Eildon grass. He lay in the heather on Eildon Hill; He gazed on the dour Scots sky his fill. His staff beside him was brash with rot; The weed grew rank in his unthatch’d cot: ‘Syne gloaming yestreen, my shepherd kind, What hath happ’d this cot we ruin’d find?’’ “Syne gloaming yestreen, and years twice three, Hath wind and rain therein made free: Ye sure will a stranger to Eildon be, And ye know not the Rymour’s in Faerie!’ —The Trewe Tale of Trewe Thomas. As Mr. Amidon sensed the forward movement of the train in which he so strangely found himself, he had fits of impulse to leap out and take the next train back. But, back where? He had the assurance of his colored friend and brother that forward was New York. Backward was the void conjectural. Slowly the dawn whitened at the window. He raised the curtain and saw the rocks and fences and snow of a winter’s land- scape—saw them with a shock which, lying prone as he was, gave him the sensation of staggering. It was true, then: the thing he had still suspected as a nightmare was true. Where were all the weeks of summer and autumn? And (question of some pertinency!) where was Florian Amidon? He groped about for his clothes. They were strange in color and texture, but, in such judgment as he could form while dressing in his berth, they fitted. He never could bear to go half dressed to the toilet-room as most men do, and stepped out of his berth fully appareled —in a natty business sack-suit of Scots- gray, a high turn-down collar, fine enameled shoes and a rather noticeable tie. Florian Amidon had always worn a decent buttoned-up frock and a polka- dot cravat of modest blue, which his

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628 haberdasher kept in stock especially for him. He felt as if, in getting lost, he had got into the clothes of some other man—and that otuer one of much less quiet and old-fashioned tastes in dress.* It made him feel as if it were he who had made the run to Canada with the bank’s funds—furtive, disguised, slinking. He looked, like an amateur pick- pocket, in the pockets of the coat, and found some letters. He gazed at them askance. turning them over and over, wondering if he ought to peep at them. Then he put them back, and went into the smoking-room, where, finding him- self alone, he turned up his vest as if it had been somebody else’s vest whom he was afraid of disturbing, and looked at the initials on the shirt-front. They were not ‘‘F. A.,’’ as they ought to have been, but ‘‘E. B.’’! He wondered which of the bags were his. Pre«sing the but- ton, he summoned the porter. “‘George,’’ said he, ‘‘bring my luggage in here.’’ And then he wondered at his address- ing the porter in that drummer-like way—he was already acting up to the smart suit—or down; he was in doubt as to which it was. The bags, when produced, showed those metal slides, sometimes seen, con- cealing the owner’s name. Sweat stood upon Florian’s brow as he slipped the plate back and found the name of Eugene Brassfield, Bellevale, Pennsylvania! A card-case, his pocketbook, all his linen and his hat—all articles of expensive and gentlemanly quality, but strange to him—disclosed the same name or initials, THE OCCULTATION OF FLORIAN AMIDON—FICTION none of them his own. In the valise he found some business letter-heads, finely engraved, of the Brassfield Oil Company, and Eugene Brassfield’s name was there set forth as president and general manager. “Great heaven!’ exclaimed Florian, “am I insane? Am I a robber and a murderer! During this time which has dropped out of my life, have I destroyed and despoiled this gentleman, and— and run off in his clothes? I must de- nounce myself!’’ The porter came, and, by way of de- nouncing himself, Mr. Amidon clapped his waistcoat shut and buttoned it, snapped the catches of the bags, and pre- tended to busy himself with the letters in his pockets; and in doing so, he found in an inside vest-pocket a long thin pocketbook filled with hundred-dollar bills, and a dainty-looking letter. It was addressed to Mr. Eugene Brassfield, was unstamped, and marked, ‘‘To be Read En Route.” ~ There was invitation, there was allure- ment, in the very superscription. Clear- ly, it seemed, he ought to open and ex- amine these letters. They might serve to clear up this mystery. He would begin with this. “My Darling!” it began, without any other form of address—and was not this enough, beloved?—‘‘My own Darling. I write this so that you may have some- thing of me, which you can see and touch and kiss as you are borne farther and farther from me. Distance unbridged is such a terrible thing — any long *Author’s Note.—As reflecting light upon the personal characteristics of Mr. Florian Amidon, whose remarkable history is the turning-point of this narrative, I append a brief note by his college classmate and life-long acquaintance, the well-known Dr. J. Galen Urquhart, of Hazel- hurst, Wisconsin. The note follows: ‘“‘At the time when the following story opens, Mr. Florian Amidon was about thirty years of age. pounds. hereto. studies in his university. (See Sheet l, Height, five feet ten and three-quarters inches; weight, one hundred and seventy-eight For general constitutional and pathological facts, see Sheets 2 to 7, inclusive, attached Subject well educated, having achieved distinction in linguistic, philological and literary attached.) Neurologically considered, family history of subject (see Sheets 8 and 10) shows nothing abnormal, except that his father, a chemist, wrote an essay opposing the atomic theory, and a cousin is an epileptic. I regard these facts as significant. Volitional and inhibitory faculties largely developed; may be said to be a man of strong will- power and self-control. The following facts may be noted as possibly symptomatic of neuras- thenia: fondness for the poetry of Whitman and Browning (see Nordau); tendency to dabble in irregular systems of medical practice; pronounced nervous and emotional irritability during adoles- cence; aversion to young women in society; stubborn clinging to celibacy. In posture, gait and general movements, the following may be noted: vivacious in conversation; possessed of great mobility of facial expression; anteroposterior sway marked and occasionally anterosinistral, and greatly augmented so as to approach Romberg symptom on closure of eyes, but no ataxic evidences in locomotion. pedal oscillation———’ The author regrets to say that space forbids any further incorporation of Doctor Urquhart’s very illuminating note at this place. Taking the external malleolus as the datum, the vertical and lateral It may appear at some time as a separate volume.

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distance; and more than our hands may reach and clasp across is interstellar space to me. You said last night that all beauty, all sweetness, all things delectable and enticing and fair, all things which allure and enrapture, are so bound up in little me, that surely the very giants of steam and steel would be drawn back to me, instead of bearing you away. Ah, my Eugene! You wondered why I put my hands behind me, and would not see your outstretched arms! Now that you are gone, and will not return for so long—until so near the day when I may be all that I am capable of becoming to you, let me tell you—I was afraid! “Not of you, dearest, not of you— for with all your ardor of wooing (and no girl ever had a more perfect lover— I shall always thank God for that mix- ture of Launcelot and Sir Galahad in you which makes every moment in your presence a delight), I always knew that you could leave me like a sensible boy, and, while longing for me, stay away. But I—whom you have sometimes com- plained of a little for my coldness-— had I not looked above your eyes, and put my hands behind me, I should have clung to you, dear, I was afraid, and never have allowed you to go as you are now going, and made you feel that I am not the perfect woman that you describe to me, as me. Even now, I fear that this letter will do me harm in your heart; but all the lover in me— and girls inherit from their fathers as well as from their mothers—cries out in me to woo you; and you must forget this, only at such times of tenderness while you are gone as you will sometimes have, when one embrace would be worth a world. Then read or remember this, as my return-clasp for such thoughts. “Besides, may I not, now that you are away from me, give you a glimpse of that sid of my soul which a girl is taught to hide? This was the ‘swan’s nest among the reeds’ which Little Ellie meant to show to that lover who, maybe, never came. Ah, Mrs. Browning was a woman, and knew! (Mind, dear, it’s Mrs. Browning I speak of!) “Sometimes, when the Knight has HERBERT QUICK—FIOCTION 629 come, and the wife wishes to show the glories of her soul, ‘the wild swan has deserted, and a rat has gnawed the reed.’ Let the wild and flowery little pool of womanhood which is yours— yours, dearest — grow somewhat less strange to you than it would have been —last evening—so that when you see me again you will see it as a part of me, and, without a word or look from me, know me even more than you now do. ‘*Yours, “Elizabeth.”’ Florian read it again and again. Sometimes he blushed—not with shame, but with the embarrassment of a girl— at the fervid eloquence. And then he would feel a twinge of envy for this Eugene Brassfield who could be to such a girl ‘‘a perfect lover.’’ “From one soon to be a bride,” said he to himself, ‘‘to.the man she loves: it’s the sweetest letter ever written. I won- der how long ago she wrote it! Here’s the date: 7th February, 1901. Odd, that she should mistake the vear! But it was the 7th, no doubt. By the way, I don’t know the day of the week or month, or what month it is! Here, boy! Is that the morning paper?’’ He seized the paper feverishly, held it crushed in hand until the boy left him, and then spread it out looking for the date. It was February the 8th, 1901! The letter had been written last evening. Whatever had happened to this man Brassfield, had occurred within the past sixteen hours. And, great God! where had Florian Amidon been since June, 1896? All was dark; and, in sympathy with it, blackness came over his eyes, and he rode into New York in a dead faint. III ANY PORT IN A STORM Join us, ripe, Our enterprise as fairly lamped with promise As some near headland, based, ‘tis true, with cliff, But crowned with waving palms, and holding high Its beaconing light, as holds its jewel up, Your lady’s tolling finger! Come, the stage Is set, your cue is spoke. Cosimo. Ludovico! Our plans are

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630 Ludovico. And all the lines Are stranger to my lips, and alien quite To ear and eye and mind. I tell thee, Cosimo, This play of thine is one in which no man Should swagger on, trusting the prompter’s voice ; For mountains tipped with scene, Out of the coppice roars the tiger’s voice: The lightning’s touch is death; the thunder rends The very rocks whereon its anger lights, The paths are mined with gins; and giants wait To slay me should I speak with faltering tongue Their crafty shibboleth! Most dearest coz, This part you offer bids me play with death! I’li none of it. fire back up the —Vision of Cosimo. ‘Comin’ round all right, now, suh?’”’ said the learned-looking porter. ‘Will you go to the Calumet House, as usual, suh? Ca’iage waitin’, if you feel well enough to move, suh.”’ “I’m quite well,’? said Mr. Amidon, though he did not look it, ‘‘and will go to the—what hotel did you say?’’ “Calumet, suh; I know you make it yo’ headquahtahs thah.’’ “Quite right,’’ said Mr. Amidon; “of course. Where’s the carriage: and my grips?’’ He had never heard of the Calumet; but he wanted, more than anything else then, privacy in which he might collect his faculties and get himself in hand, for his whole being was in something like chaos. On the way, he stopped the cab several times to buy papers. All showed the fatal date. He arrived at the palatial hotel in a cab filled with papers, from which his bewildered countenance peered forth like that of a canary-bird in the nesting-season. He was scarcely within the door, when obsequious servants seized upon his luggage, and vied with one another for the privilege of waiting upon him. ‘““‘Why, how do you do?” said the clerk, in a manner eloquent of delighted recogni- tion. ‘‘Your old room, I suppose?”’ ‘Yes, I think so,’’ said Mr. Amidon. The clerk whirled the register around, and pointing with his pen, said: “Right there, Mr. Brassfield.’’ Mr. Amidon’s pen stopped midway in the downward stroke of a capital F. “I think,” said he, “that I'll not register at present. Let me have checks for my luggage, please—I may not stay more than an hour or so.”’ THE OCCULTATION OF FLORIAN AMIDON—FICTION “‘As you please,’’ said the clerk. ‘Here are some telegrams, sir. Came this morning.”’ He took and eyed the yellow envelopes with ‘“‘E. Brassfield’’ scrawled upon them, as if they had been infernal machines; but he made no movement toward opening them. Something in the clerk’s look admonished him that his own was extraordinary. He felt that he must seek solitude. To be called by this new and strange name; to have thrust upon him the acting of a part in which he knew none of the lines and dared not refuse the character; and all under these circumstances made dark and sinister by the mysterious malad- justments of time and place; the pos- session of another man’s property; the haunting fear than in it somewhere were crime and peril—these things, he thought, would drive him out of his senses, unless he could be alone. “T think I’ll take the room,”’ said he. “If any one calls?’’ queried the clerk. “I’m not in,’’ said Amidon, gathering up the telegrams. ‘I do not wish to be disturbed on any account.”’ Five years! What did it mean? There must be some mistake. But the break in the endless chain of time, the change from summer to winter, and from the dropping to sleep at Elm Springs Junction to the awakening in the car—there could be no mistake about these. He sat in the room to which he had been shown, buried in the immense pile in the strange city, as quiet as a heron in a pool, perhaps the most solitary man on earth, these thoughts running in a bewildering circle through his mind. The dates of the papers—might they not have been changed by some silly trick of new journalism, some straining for effect, like the agreement of all the people in the world to say ‘‘Boo!’’ all at once to the moon? He ran his eyes over the columns. The twentieth century had stolen upon him as he slept—if, indeed, he had slept—there could be no doubt of that. He found his hands trembling again, and, fearing another collapse, threw him- self upon the bed. Then, as drowsiness

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stole upon him, he thought of the five years gone since last he had yielded to that feeling, and started up, afraid to sleep. He saw lying on the table the unopened telegrams, and tore them open. Some referred to sales of oil, and other business transactions; one was to inform Brassfield that a man named Alvord would not meet him in New York as promised, and one was in cipher. He took from his pocket the letters of Brassfield, and read them. One or two were invitations to social functions in Bellevale. One was a bill for dues in a boating-club; another contained the tabulated pedigree of a horse owned in Kentucky. <A very brief one was in the same handwriting as the missive he had first read, was signed ‘‘E. W.,”’ and merely said that she would be at home that evening. But most of them related to the business of the Brassfield Oil Company, and referred to transactions in oil. He lay back upon the bed again, and thought, thought, thought, beginning with the furthest stretch of memory, and coming down carefully and con- secutively—to the yawning chasm which had opened in his life and swallowed up five years. Time and again, he worked down to the chasm, and was forced to stop. He had heard of loss of memory from illness, but this was nothing of the sort. He was tired and nervous that night at Elm Springs Junction, but not ill; and now he was in robust health. Perhaps some_ great fit of passion had torn that obliterating furrow through his mind. Perhaps in those five years he had become changed from the man of strict integrity who had so well managed the Hazelhurst Bank, into the monster who had robbed Eugene Brassfield of—his clothes, his property, the most dearly personal of his possessions—these, certainly (for Amidon knew the rule of evidence which brands as a thief the possessor of stolen goods); and who could tell of what else? Letters, bags, purses, money— these any vulgar criminal might have, and bear no deeper guilt than that of Mr. Amidon theft; but, the clothes?

HERBERT QUICOK—FICTION

631 shuddered as his logic carried him on from deduction to deduction—to murder, and the ghastly putting away of murder’s fruit. In some way, he felt sure, Eugene Brassfield’s body must have been re- moved from those natty clothes of his, before Florian Amidon could have put them on, and with them donned the personality of their former owner. And here entered mystery deeper still —the strange deception he seemed to impose upon the dead man’s acquaint- ances. And this filled him, somehow, with the most abject dread and fear. Brassfield seemed to have been a well- known man; for porters and clerks in New York do not call the obscure countryman by name. To step out upon the street was, perhaps, to run into the very arms of some one who would penetrate the disguise. Yet he could not long remain in this room; his very retirement—any extraordinary behavior (and how did he know Brass- field’s ordinary courses?)—would soon advertise his presence. Amidon walked to the window and peered down into the street. His eyes traveled to the opposite windows, and finally in the blind stare of absent-mindedness became fixed upon a gold-and-black sign which he began stupidly spelling out, over and over. ‘““Madame le Claire,’’ it read, ‘‘Clairvoy- ant and Occultist.’”’ Not an idea was associated in his mind with the sign until the word ‘‘mystery,’’ ‘“‘mystery,’’ began sounding in his ears—naturally enough, one would say, under the cir- cumstances. Then the letters of the word floated before his eyes; and finally he consciously saw the full sign stretch- ing across two windows: ‘‘Madame le Claire, Clairvoyant and Occultist. All Mysteries Solved.’’ Florian stared at this sign, until he became conscious of deep weariness at so long standing upon his feet. Then he saw, blossoming, the multiplying lights of an early winter’s dusk—so numbly had the time slipped by. And in the gruesome close of this dreadful day, the desperate and perplexed man stole timidly down the stairways— avoiding the elevator—and across the street, to the place of the ‘‘Occultist.”

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632 IV AN ADVENTURE IN BENARES The silly world shrieks madly after Fact, Thinking, forsooth, to find therein the Truth; But we, my love, will leave our brains unracked, And glean our learning from these dreams of youth: Should any charge us with a childish act And bid us track out knowledge like a sleuth, We'll lightly laugh to scorn the wraiths of History, And, hand in hand, seek certitude in Mystery, —When the Halcyon Broods. The house of the ‘‘Occultist’’ was one of a long row, all alike, which reminds the observer of an exercise in perspective, as one glances down the stretch of balus- traded piazzas. Amidon walked straight across the street from the hotel, and counted the flights of stairs up to the fourth floor. There was no elevator. The denizens of the place gave him a vague impression of being engaged in the fine arts. A glimpse of an interior hung with Navajo blankets, Pueblo pottery, Dakota beadwork, and barbaric arms; the sound of a soprano practising Marchesi exercises; an easel seen through an open door and flanked by a Grand Rapids folding-bed with a plaster bust atop; and a pervasive scent of ciga- rettes, accounted for, and may or may not have justified, the impression. On the fourth floor the scent shaded off toward sandalwood, the sounds toward silence, Bohemia toward Benares. He walked in twilight, on inch-deep nap, to a door on which glowed in soft, purple, self-emitted radiance, the words: MADAME Le CLAIRE ENTER The invitation was plain, and he opened the door. As he did so, the deep, mellow note of a gong filled the place with a gentle alarum. It was sound with noise eliminated, and matched, to the ear, the velvet of the carpet. The room into which he looked was dark, save for light reflected from a marble ball set in a high recess in the ceiling. None of the lamps could be seen, whose rays illuminated the ball, and the white globe itself was hung so high in the recess that none of its direct THE OCCULTATION OF FLORIAN AMIDON—FICTION rays reached the corners of the apart- ment. <A Persian rug lay in the center, and took the fullest light. There were no sharp edges of shadow, but instead there was a softly graduated penumbra, deepening into murk. Straight across was a doorway with a portiére, beyond was another, and still farther, a third, all made visible in silhouette by the light in a fourth room, seen as at the end of a tunnel. Across this gossamer-barred arch of light, a black figure was projected, and swelled as it neared in silent approach. It came through the last portiére, on into the circle of light, and stood, a turbaned negro, bowing low toward the visitor. ‘Mme. le Claire ’’ said Amidon, feebly; ‘‘may I speak with her?’’ There was no reply, unless a respect- ful scrutiny might be taken for one. Then the dumb Soudanese, carrying with him the atmosphere of a Bedouin tent, disappeared, lingered, reappeared, and beckoned Amidon to follow. As they passed the first portiere, that mel- low and gentle gong-note welled softly again from some remote distance. At the second archway, it sounded nearer, if not louder. At the third, as Amidon stepped into the lighted room, it filled the air with a golden vibrancy. It was as if invisible ministers had gone before to announce him. Amidon took one long look at the scene in the fourth room, and a great wave of unbelief rolled across his mind. Through this long day of shocks and surprises, he had reached that stage of amazedness where the evidential value of sensory impressions is destroyed. He covered his eyes with his hands, ex- pecting that the phantasms before him might pass with vision, and that with vision’s return might come the sweet, familiar commonplaces of his commcn- place life. The room seemed to have no windows, and the roar of the New York street out- side was gone, or faint as the hum of a hive. The walls were hung with fabrics of wool or silk, in dull greens and reds, and the floor was spread with With mouth redly ravening at 44 rugs.

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HERBERT Drawn by Orson Lowell QUICK—FICTION 633 wane NR, ‘“‘Blackness came over his eyes, and he rode into New York in a dead faint’’ him, and eyes emitting opalescent gleams, lay a great tiger-skin rug, upon which, on a kind of dais, sat a woman a woman whose eyes sought his in a steady regard which flashed a thrill through his whole body as he gazed. For she seemed to emanate from the tiger-skin, as a butterfly from the chrysalis. Her dress was of some combination of black and yellow which carried upward the tones of the great rug. Her bare arms—long, and tapering to lithe wrists and hands—were clasped by dull-gold bracelets of twisted serpents. Over shapely shoulders, the flesh of which looked white and young, there was thrown a wrap like feathery snow, from under which drooped down over the girlish bosom a necklace that seemed of pearl. The face was fair, its pallor tinged with red at lips, and rose on cheeks. The eyes, luminous and steady, shone out through heavy dark lashes, from under brows of black, and seemed, at that first glance, of Oriental darkness. A great mass of dark-brown hair en- circled the in his first look, he nsted at the temples twin golden-blond which, carried out rays in the fluffy halo about her brow, reappeared in all the rather small face, and even strands of like twistings and turnings of the involved pile which crowned the graceful head. The yellow-and-black of the tiger ap- peared thus, from head to foot. It afterward that he found out something of the secret of the peculiar fascination in the great dark One of them was gray, with that greenish tinge which has been regarded as the token of genius. The other was of a mottled golden-brown, with lights like those in the tiger’s eye. In both, in any but light, the velvet-black pupils out, and pushed the iris back to a thin margin; and thus they varied, brown, to that liquid night Amidon now saw in them, as he stepped within the doorway, and looked so long upon her, as she sat like a model for the Queen of the Jungle, that under 45 was eyes. strong spread from gray or which

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634 THE OCCULTATION OF FLORIAN AMIDON—FICTION other circumstances the gaze would have seemed rude. Some sense of this, breaking through his bewilderment, made him bow. “‘Mme. le Claire?’’ said he. “The same,’ said she. ‘‘How can I serve you, sir?’’ The voice, a soft contralto, was the complement of the steady regard of the eyes. Asshe spoke, she rose and stepped toward him, down from the little dais to the rug. She rose, not with the effort which marks the act in most, but lightly, as a flower rises from the touch of a breeze. She was tall and lithe, and all the curves of her figure were long and low—once more suggesting the soft strength of the tigress. But when speech parted the lips, a smile which overspread her face won him. ‘How can I serve you, my friend?’’ she repeated. “T am in great trouble,’’ said he. ““Yes,’’ she purred. “T saw your sign,’’ he wenton. ‘And I want you to tell me where I have been since June, 1896—and who is Eugene Brassfield. Did I kill him—or only rob him? And who is Elizabeth?’’ She had stepped close to him now. **Yes!’’ said she, ‘‘I think we shall be able to tell youall. But, are you well?’’ “T have had no breakfast,’’ said he. ‘“‘When I found that I had lost five years —I forget. And—once—I fainted. I’m not quite—well, I’m afraid!’’ Mme. le Claire stepped to the wall and pushed a button. The turbaned Sou- danese reappeared. ‘“‘Aaron,’’ said she, ‘‘tell Professor Blatherwick that Mr.—Mr.—— ‘“‘Amidon,’’ said Florian—‘‘Amidon is my name.”’ ‘‘__Amidon will dine with us. He has some very interesting things for us to look into. And have dinner served at once.’’ Aaron! and dinner! and _ Blather- wick! The delicious vulgarity of the names was sweet music. For be it re- membered that Florian was a banker, and a man of position; and sandalwood, Soudanese, Bedouins and illusions were ill for the green wound of his mystery —which, in all conscience, was bad enough in and of itself! Some confi- dence in the realities of things returned to him, but he followed Mme. le Claire like a faithful hound. V SUBLIMINAL ENGINEERING Now, Red-Neck Johnson’s right hand never knew his left hand’s game; And most diverse were the meanings of the gestures of the same. For, benedictions to send forth, his left hand seemed to strive, While his right hand rested lightly on his ready forty-five. “Mr. Chairman and Committee,’’ Mr. Johnson said, said he, “It is true, I’m tangled up some with this person’s property; It is true that growin’ out therefrom and there- with to arrive, Was some egregious shootin’ with this harm- less forty-five: But list to my defense, and weep for my disease,’’ said he; ‘‘I am double,’’ half sobbed Red-Neck, ‘‘in my personality!’’ —The Affliction of Red-Neck Johnson. Mme. le Claire led Mr. Amidon to the next room, turned him over to Aaron (now wonderfully healed of his dumb- ness) with a gesture of dismissal; and he was ushered by the negro into a most modern-looking chamber, in which was a brass bedstead with a snowy counter- pane. “Dinner will be suhved in ten minutes, suh,’’ said Aaron. They were waiting for him in the little dining-room, when he was wafted through the door by Aaron’s obsequious bow. The tigrine Le Claire advanced from a bay-window, bringing a slender man with stooped shoulders. “‘Papa,”’ she said, ‘‘this is Mr. Amidon, whom I have induced to dine with us; Mr. Amidon, Professor Blatherwick.’’ Professor Blatherwick was bent, and much bleached, faded and wrinkled. His eyes seemed both enormous in size and sunk almost to his occiput, by reason of being seen through the thickest of glasses. His lank, grayish hair, of no particular color, but resembling autumnal roadside grasses, hung thinly from a high and asymmetrical head, and straggled dejectedly down into a wisp of beard on chin and lip—a beard which any absent-minded man might well be supposed to have failed rr ———

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sefe esoyuM UBUIOM Y,, .Apoq e[oyM sIq Ysnoiyy [114i B peysey YorymM preserI Apwvejys B UT SITY 4YuUsNOS qJamoT uosig fiq umpiqd HERBERT QUICK—FICTION

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636 THE OCCULTATION OF FLORIAN AMIDON—FICTION Drawn by Orson Lowell Mme. le Claire stared at him in unconcealed amazement. The professor calmly dipped toast in his tea. “So!” said he. ‘‘Fife years. Goot! Dis case vill estaplish some important brinciples. Vill you be so kindt as to dell us te saircumstances?”’ “Oh, papa!”’ broke in the lady. “You must wait until after dinner. I saw Mr. Amidon was weak and disturbed, and, I thought—hungry. So I asked him to stay.”’ “T have eaten nothing but this,’’ said Mr. Amidon, ‘“‘since June 27, 1896——_”’ ‘So,’ said the _ professor, calmly. ‘‘Dis vill brofe an im- portant case.”’ “T saw the sign,’’ said Amidon, “**All Mysteries Solved,’ and I came here ae “De sign,’’ said the professor, “iss our goncession to te spirit of gommercialism, and te gompeti- tife system. It vas Clara’s itea. But some mysteries ve do not attempt. Inte realm of te sup- liminal, howefer, ve go up against almost any broposition. I am Cheneral Superintendent of Sup- liminal Enchineering; Clara is te ‘Some book in which he had lost himself while on an executant. I make blance, and excursion in search of parallel cases’’ to observe, and therefore to have neglect- ed to shave. When Mme. le Claire stopped in leading him forward, he halted, and feeling blindly forward into the air as if for Amidon’s hand, though quite ten feet from him, he murmured: “T am bleaced to meet you, sir.’’ “Evidently German,’ thought Amidon. “IT understandt,’’ said the professor, opening the conversation, as Mme. le Claire poured the tea, ‘‘that you haf hadt some interesding experiences in te realm of te supliminal.”’ Amidon’s tension of mind, which had left him under the compulsion of the woman’s mastery of him, returned at the professor’s remark. “T have been dead,” said he, ‘‘since the 27th of June, 1896!’’ Clara does as she bleaces aboudt following dem. You vill, at your gon- fenience, dell us all you can of your case. I vill analyze, glassify, and tiag- nose; she vill unrafel.’’ It was deep in the evening when the professor was through with his diag- nosis. He made copious notes of Ami- don’s story. Several times his daugh- ter called him away from some book in which he had lost himself while on an excursion in search of parallel cases. At last he paused, his face expressing the triumph of a naturalist at the dis- covery of a new beetle. “You are not in te least insane!’’ said he, with the air of telling Florian some- thing hard to believe; ‘‘and you haf none of te stigmata of techeneration. I vould say that you are not a griminal— ————

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— not much of a griminal anyhow, andt bropaply not at all!’ “Thank you! Oh, thank you!’’ fer- vently exclaimed Amidon. “Tt iss a case,’’ went on the professor, “of dual pairsonality. For fife years you haf bropaply been absent from Hazelhurst. You haf been someveres!’’ ‘“‘Where, where?’’ cried Amidon. “De not fear,” said Mme. le Claire, laying her hand on his arm. ‘If it is a case of dual personality, we shall soon find out all about it. You have mysteriously disappeared. Many men do. There was Lieutenant Rogers, of the navy; and Ansel Burns, of Ohio, who woke up in Kentucky in his own store, under the name of Brooks — Brooks’ store, you know.’’ “And Ellis, of Bergen,’’ said the pro- fessor, ‘‘who vas lost for a year, andt tiscofered himself in te pairson of a cook in a lumber-gamp in Minnesota, unter te name of Chamison. Oh, dere are many such! Te supchectife mind, te operations of vitch are normally below te threshold of gonsciousness, suddenly dakes gontrol. Pouf! you are anoder man! You haf been Smidt; you are now Chones. As Chones you remember notting of Smidt. You go on, guided by instinct, and te preacquired semiin- tellichence of autohypnotismus - Drawn by Orson Lowell (To be HERBERT QUICK—FICTION “Oh, papa!”’ said the tiger-lady, ‘‘those are awful words—for a sick man!’ ‘Vell,’’ resumed Blatherwick, drop- ping into what he regarded as the vernac- ular, ‘‘you go on as Chones, all right all right. Some day, someveres—in dis case in a sleeping-car—you vake as Smidt again. You now do not remem- ber Chones or te Chones life. You are all vorked up vat you call it—flab- bergasted. You come to Mme. le Claire. Vat does she do? She calls te supchectife mind up abofe te threshold of gonscious- ness, and you are restored to te Chones blane of men- tality. Hyp- notismus, hy pnotismus: that is vat does it!’’ “And shall I stay—Jones?’”’ “No, mol” said Mme. le Otaire. °*2z will restore you. Bwt while you are Jones I shall find out all you want ‘**And Elizabeth?’ to know about the—Jones life, and I will tell you when you become yourself again. “You will learn all about Bellevale, and Brassfield, and i “And Elizabeth?’’ asked Amidon. Mme. le Claire paused. ““Yes,’’ said she, with much less cordiality, ‘‘I suppose so, if you want to know: about Elizabeth.”’ ontinued)

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Abigh and naked square, alonely palm; ‘Columns thrown dow N, a high and londy tower; ; B lhe tawny river,ominousl ‘fouled: Gypresse $ in agarden, = “a calm; JO NENKS W while,sanda clad Linpires of glory in anautow hour Irom sunset into starlight , : when the sky B Wakened to death Ea St.Peter’s dome: ‘a an eyelids lif ting you and > L i : pSlecosimemas | \ b Ey A hur Symons Drawn by Charles Sarka K—— et eel

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Bee Photograph by Byron A SCENE FROM “MADAME BUTTERFLY” The production of this and other curtain-raisers on the vaudeville stage is pointing to an inter- esting future development THE FUTURE OF VAUDEVILLE IN AMERICA By ISRAEL HAVE been asked to give my views on the future of Ameri- can vaudeville, presumably be- cause I have been expressing an opinion on the potentiali- ties of American vaudeville. But to say what could or should be is very differ- ent from saying what will be, and like the majority of mankind, I feel much more able to preach than prophesy. Or, if one must predict, pessimism is the safest form of prophecy, since what does happen is so rarely what should have happened. Cassandra was de- pressing but accurate, while the author of ‘‘There’s a Good Time Coming, Boys,”’ was as inaccurate as he was inspiriting. Therefore, although I shall again EMMA CARUS ZANGWILL maintain my proposition that the vaude- ville theater, which seems tied to the lowest forms of art, is peculiarly capable of fostering the highest, yet I must not be taken as foretelling a new esthetic era in the music-hall. Far more probably the artlessness of the public and the artfulness of the managers will long keep the present pabulum unaltered, save in increasing staleness. And although my attention has been drawn to the production of a new and original four-act play at a New York home of vaudeville, I have not lifted my hands, like Dominie Sampson, for the simple reason that there is nothing to cry ‘‘Prodigious!’’ about. This creditable activity of a vaude- ville manager does no more than add an- other playhouse to the score or so in New York. During those hours of a vaude- ville program which are monopolized by a full-fledged play, the music-hall is substantially a theater. And this has been the real surprise to

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THE ISABEL IRVING One of the recent acquisitions of vaudeville from the legitimate stage me of American vaudeville houses— not that they should perform original stage-plays, but that they should perform stage-plays at all. Short plays, indeed —of a sort—the London music-halls are giving, to the accompaniment of fierce litigation on the part of the theater- managers (who, while they practically turn their theaters into music-halls by producing ‘‘musical plays,’’ would drive the drama from its last refuge in the music-halls). But long plays—three-deckers and four-deckers—are unknown to London vaudeville, and I was not a little aston- ished the other day to discover that my heaviest tragic drama, with crowds of characters and complications of scenery, was running at a New York music-hall. I regret very much to have been unable to see it and I am still sorrier that I could not see its audience. Presumably it is an entirely different audience from that which affects the London music-hall. In England the music-hall is still as- sociated with flashiness and garishness, and it is still something of an adventure for a lady to be at one, unseen, sitting well back in a curtained box. Till very lately the entertainment as well as the hall was redolent of beer, ’baccy and the FUTURE OF VAUDEVILLE IN AMERICA boudoir; in fact, it was only at the second stage of its evolution from that festive and furtive gathering of males described by Thackeray, which still survives in its primitive form at count- less British public houses. This itself is a mere development of the male convivial evening, professional talent being called in to eke out the deficiencies of the company. It is curious that these two arts which are now approaching each other—the dramatic and the music-hall turn— should both have sprung from the same cult of Bacchus, though the stage sprang from the religious cult, and the music- hall merely from the convivial. This dif- ference of origin naturally accounts for the inferior respectability of the music- hall, and the slowness of its rise to vir- tue. Just as the halls of conjuring and waxworks cater for those who are too virtuous for the theaters, so the music- hall is supposed to exist for those who are too vicious for the theaters. The rise to virtue of the music- hall—merely in progress in London— seems to have reached its climax in New York, where I was positively

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~alil_ startled to learn—while rehearsing a comedietta for the vaudeville boards —that the word ‘‘damn’”’ must be elimi- nated. As the comedietta in question had originally been produced at the most classic theater in London without the faintest offense; as, moreover, the word ‘‘damn’’ is one of the most valued stage-properties at every theater in England, since it never fails to secure a laugh, I could not but reflect on the fanaticism of the devil turned saint. My actor thought he might slip in the ‘‘damn’’ by slurring it over, or by saying it be- neath his breath, but I did not insist on this point- less profanity. There is no especial virtue in a mere “damn.” I was, in- deed, rather pleased to think that the music-hall had been purified to so fine a point, and in a glow of ela- tion I saw the intellectual character of the entertain- ment rising with the tone. Alas, the few glimpses of vaudeville performances I have had did not quite bear out this roseate vision. Vulgarity does not reside in verbalisms, but in the whole texture of a song or a scene, and so till the public itself shudders over a low idea, as a classical scholar over a false quan- tity, no censorship on earth will refine the stage. Not that the vaudeville house is at all inferior to the best theaters; a vein CECILIA of appalling vulgarity runs through most of our musical plays and farcical THE FUTURE OF VAUDEVILLE IN AMERICA 641 comedies which, in the language of George Eliot, must be steadily debasing the moral currency. I do not now refer even to that element of vulgarity which is all a censor looks out for. Sex is not the whole of life, or the whole of vulgar- ity. But the cynical ideas which are ac- cepted as the current coin of comedy, the low ideals which are supposed to animate everybody, the sordid accept- ance of pecuniary standards, the uni- versal mendacity ascribed to mankind in a fix, the mutual decep- tion of spouses —this perva- sive wink, this sniggering ac- quiescence in a human na- ture infinitely below the best standards of our race all this, presented steadily year in, year out, in a thousand theaters, must be perpetually corroding and undermi- ning all the ideals for which the churches are fighting. Little wonder the Puritan reads Defoe’s distich as: spn oe LOFTUS ‘Wherever God erects a house of prayer, The devil always builds a theater there.’’ It is indeed somewhat perplexing to consider that both churches and theaters cater to the very same population, and that by some extraordinary transmogri- fication the person who aspires to all that is noble and true so long as he is sitting in a pew, becomes a contented smirker over the sins and weaknesses of humanity the moment he is placed in a stall. But the Puritan may at least be

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642 congratulated on his consistency; his nar- rowness is less noxious than Mr. World- lyman’s broadness. Anyhow, there does not appear to be in New York the line of demarcation which exists in London between the music-hall public and the theater public. There is not even that boundary of smoke which once sufficed to exclude womanhood from the British music-hall and still largely excludes ladyhood. In New York, then, the vaudeville entertainment has all but shaken off the traces of its symposiac origin. But if in its approximation to the supposedly better tone and audience of the theater it has made a laudable step for- ward, its approximation to the program of the theater is not on the line of prog- ress at all. That is not development, but surrender to something different. If, indeed, one could hope that this transformation to dramatic functions would lead to the presentation at the ex- vaudeville houses of better pieces than at the theaters, then the presentation of an original play at a New York vaudeville house would be a phenomenon of enormous interest. But for such a hope there is not the faintest ground. Photograph by Byron A “COON” ACT An ever-popular vaudeville feature THE FUTURE OF VAUDEVILLE IN AMERICA Photograph by Byron * LIVING STATUARY Or if one could hope that the surrender to the theater would be complete and the variety snippets would disappear, that too would make the new develop- ment momentous. It would not indeed be altogether satisfying, inasmuch as a school of acting that has often been more vital than that of the normal stage would be snuffed out; but in so far as the variety stage feeds and in turn aggravates that passion for snippets which is the pest of our period, and which may end by depriving mankind of the capacity for sustained thought, its extinction would be not undesirable. But of such extinction there are, for this very reason, no hope and no fear. The inca- pacity for attention which is overtaking mankind has pro- gressed too far. Rather might one apprehend the dying out of continuous drama by way of the ‘‘musical play’’—that mush of clotted nonsense on which Mrs. Craigie has been lavishing such foolish praises. It is not, then, because a vaudeville house turns itself partly into a theater, that the cause of art is either served or

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disserved. There are, indeed, two reasons why a vaudeville hcuse in the hands of an intelligent manager might safely venture to put on an artistic play—it does not live by drama alone, and its play is not expected to live beyond a week. Thus every six weeks or so a good play—old or new—might be slipped in, without too much risk of disgusting its patrons, and, I may say, with even Photograph by Byron some good chance of delighting them. But I confess I do not build much upon this possibility, so far as the four- decker is concerned. Its very solidity cuts it off from the other items of the program, and to my mind its combina- tion with them is hybrid, unnatural. Those who desire long plays should go to the theater, while those who desire “everything by turns and nothing long”’ THE FUTURE OF VAUDEVILLE IN AMERICA A MUSIC-HALL 643 should go to the music-hall. Still more hybrid appears the conjunction when one (or more) of the acts is sundered from the rest by vaudeville items— by comic songs or dancing dogs. To interrupt the continuity of the theme is as barbarous in itself as it must be bewildering to the casual spectator who finds himself confronted with an isolated fourth act. Paradoxically enough, the AUDIENCE only plays that could be exposed to such treatment are Shakespeare and the classics, for these may be taken as seen, and a man might very well drop in to see how a new Hamlet would handle the graveyard scene, or how Othello would smother Desdemona. Perhaps in these days one could not experiment even with the classics. Is it not on record how the late Lord

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Randolph Churchill, hurrying off to the House of Commons before the end of ‘“‘Hamlet,’’ went behind the wings to congratulate Irving and to ask him how it all ended? The barbarousness of cutting up a play with vaudeville items—a worse cutting up than any the critic can in- flict—is, perhaps, only an amplification of the error of breaking it up into acts at all. The interludes of conversation, of lobby-smoking, shatter the artistic emotion. That the mind cannot stay at such tension for four acts, which is of course the motive of the intervals, is precisely the condemnation of a four- act play as a piece of art. If a church service was so long that the devotional attitude could not be maintained with- out intervals for small talk and prom- enading, that would be the condemnation of the church service. And so if a play is too long to retain the artistic atten- tion, it trangresses the limitations of the medium. Plays, if this reasoning be correct, should be no longer than the human power of emotional attention; psychol- ogy is the key to the canons of art. It is because the normal power of atten- tion has been failing, or at least fails in vaudeville audi- ences and in the lovers of musical plays, that the de- mand for short turns has grown up. And therefore I am not too anxious for a strict application of the artis- tic canon. Better that people should take four-act plays even in one-act instalments than that they should be too lazy to carry on a continuity of inter- est. But with plays as with sympho- nies, the time may come when _ the division into parts with a break be- tween will be re- garded as primitive art. Mankind has always felt that a THE BICYCLE ACROBAT ‘ 644 THE FUTURE OF VAUDEVILLE IN AMERICA piece of art should make one continuous and compact impression. The ancient theory of the three unities—of space, of time and of theme—was practically an effort to reduce a play, however long, to a one-act play. And of course the Greek drama, in developing as it did from the Dionysiac dancing, was merely a protracted one-act drama. But whether the one-act drama be the sole permissible form of drama or not, it is unquestionably an artistic form of the highest value. And it is this form of drama which the vaudeville houses have peculiar opportunities of fostering. It is in itself a ‘‘short turn,”’ and coming as it does among so many short turns, may well risk being over the heads of the audience, while it is winning over a new and better audience to the vaudeville houses. A theater manager with a taste for art would have to risk his all on his piece of art, his ‘‘whole ventures to one bottom trusted’’; whereas the music-hall mana- ger has a dozen other items to save the fortunes of the evening. Nor would even his present patrons kick as much as he fears at any item of superior intellectuality. A long the- atrical experience has con- vinced me that the public does not damn a piece merely because it is good; it is quite capable of loving a _ good piece; it is merely unaware that the piece is any better than its neighbors. It is like people who enjoy impartially the cheapest wine and the choicest vintages, or who read with equal unction Shakespeare and Martin Tupper. If the music-hall could rescue the one-act play, it would do a real service to the stage. This beautiful art- form is the Cinder- ella of the theater, a despised hack condemned to minister to the ——— LO

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THE Q@FUTURE OF VAUDEVILLE IN AMERICA ‘ ; gallery. In London, the richer mob will not arrive at the playhouse before 8:30 or 9, while the poorer mob, which has dined at midday, is ready to begin its pleasuring at seven. But from 7 the hour has been driven back later and later, and now the pit and gallery think themselves lutky to get a little “curtain-raiser’’ at 8:15 to while away the time till the richer mob consents to straggle in. This is the evil for which Pinero re- cently prescribed “high tea’’—the sub- stitution of an earlier and smaller meal for the dinner of many courses. Far be it from me to say that it is the pecuniary qualifications of the audience that gov- ern their taste in plays; the pit and gallery are quite as capable as the stalls of responding to a genuinely artistic appeal. But even if a one-act play of superior quality were accidentally put on, the Manager and the leading players would not deign to appear in it. They must THE ADAPTATION OF BURLESQUE TO THE VAUDEVILLE STAGE 645 2 ~~) } as ad 7m % bY ry have the applause of the classes—let the masses be fobbed off with their un- derlings and their understudies. And to do the “‘stars’’ justice, it is not pleasant to play to an audience that is continuously straggling in. Thus it is that our theatrical conditions nip in the bud this delicate flower of dramatic art. Nothing finer has been produced in our time than the one-act plays of Maeterlinck, and yet these exquisite things could by no possibility have grown up in the English atmosphere. When a good one-act play does appear on our stage, it is owing to an abnormal combination of circumstances, and even then it is rarely of native origin. ‘The Sacrament of Judas,’’ in which, by a happy accident, Mr. Forbes Robertson was seen a few years ago, is, of course, a translation from the French. But the idea apparently seemed to the actor too good to be wasted on one act, and so it was expanded into a

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646 THE FUTURE OF VAUDEVILLE IN AMERICA three-act play, per- haps even a four- act. In this tenu- ous condition it met with the fail- ure such appalling artistry merited. The obverse prop- osition suggests itself, that many of the failures in four acts might have succeeded if the pith of the / matter had been / presented in one. And even many successful plays that are carried by one strong act are often nothing more than this one act, and would have greatly gained in art had they been boiled down to it. Pinero’s ‘“The Gay Lord Quex’”’ is a striking ex- ample of a duo- logue masquera- ding as a drama. Last year, London had an _ excellent one-act play, which \Miss Maude Adams\ is now exploiting in New York—“‘‘’Op 0’ Me Thumb.” Iam glad that so far the temptation of spinning it out into a drama has been resisted. Mr. Sutro, who adapted ‘‘Carrots’’—another ex- ample of the value of this form of art— has himself published a whole volume of original one-act plays, ‘‘Women In Love.’”’ But I doubt if a single one of these delightful playlets has been per- formed, or is sought after, even though the same author’s ‘‘The Walls of Jericho” has been one of the chief hits of the London season. There was a moment a decade ago in which ‘‘the triple bill,” with its opportunities for three pieces, had a vogue, but that moment passed and has not returned. Nor has the English one-act play ever had the chance afforded by the sys- tem I found es prevalent in Spain— three - or four audi- ences a night in the same theater, the house being cleared after every playlet. Here then, I re- peat, is the oppor- tunity of the vaudeville house. Let one of its many turns be an artistic one-act play. Ifitis placed not as a “‘curtain- raiser,’”? but at an hour when even the least hungry have dined, given the place of honor in the center of the program, the one-act play would blossom out and become the glory of the music- halls. Apart from their function in hous- ing one-act plays, the music-halls have also another possible function in skying ‘‘stars.”’ And this in the purely vaude- ville portions of their programs. Those actors and actresses whose overflowing vanity compels them to be always in the center of the! stage and to have parts written round them, would be far better placed in the music-halls than in the theaters. The music-hall turn is the true sphere of many of our leading players, and un- til these ‘“‘stars’’ are safely twinkling in the music-halls, the British drama can only go on degenerating. A stock- company of average all-round players is the drama’s best ally. And even this is already found in the music-halls. Who, then, can put limits to their develop- ment? CLOWN OF MODERN VAUDEVILLE

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——— THE PROOF OF MAN By C. BRYSON TAYLOR “The proof of gold is fire; . z HE curtain rose with the flashing up of the footlights, and Allan settled back with a sigh of anticipation. He had the same seat, in the front row, as the previous night, and he wondered, with a quick rush of mingled emotions, if she would look across at him as she had done before. It had made a heavy drain on his limited weekly wage, this unwonted extravagance of seeing the same show twice on successive nights; but at the moment nothing seemed to matter very much except the fact that he was quite desperately and overwhelm- ingly in love, and that he was going to see Her again. For he was young, and the future was very far ahead. His face was a boy’s face, young, un- lined, with the makings of manliness in it. Also it was rather a sweet face, with the odd sweetness which marks the faces of many boys before they have awakened to the lessons of life and what it must mean to them. He sat with his blue eyes on the program in his hand: “Chorus of Butterfly Girls: Misses Mary Warner, Estelle Murphy, Rosamond Sykes,’ andsoon. She was a Butterfly Girl, and he wished exceedingly that he could find out her name. There must be a way to find out, if one only knew what it was. He realized with inward qualms his unsophisticatedness—though the proof of a man, a woman.”’ never the full measure of it—hoped she would not think less of him when she discovered him for the country lout he was. He could count upon his fingers the number of times he had been to a theater in his life; the number of days he had lived in town was just double. The performance did not interest him until the orchestra crashed into the march which brought in the chorus. Then he straightened up, his glance eagerly on the wings. The chorus en- tered, in gorgeous colors, small and large, stout and slim, fair and dark. His quick eyes singled her out among them; third from the end, lithe and graceful as a deer, young, fair-haired, with reckless eyes. The rouge on her cheeks only enhanced her beauty to him; her flesh looked as white as milk, her lips as red as blood. She wore robes of tawny silk with a touch of crimson, draped in folds about her slim girl’s body; on her shoulders were butterfly- wings that flapped absurdly. Some- thing, unknown to himself, had come to him out of the Unknown, to set the quick blood of his youth afire; all be- cause a girl with a child’s face and reck- less eyes had looked across the border- land of Illusion at him, and challenged. During the second act she looked across, full at him, and smiled, and he turned hot from the roots of his hair to his finger-ends. So then and there he

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THE PROOF OF MAN—FIC Drawn by Alice Barber Stephens ‘*He went around the table and dropped on one knee beside her, and put his arms about her”’

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Cc. BRYSON knew that his fate was sealed, and that he loved her. Sudden, sharp and swift, the something unknown to him had leaped upon him out of the Unknown and held him by the throat, and he never thought that he ought to strug- gle; he accepted it, not at all under- standing, somewhat dazed, and entirely blissful. The curtain fell on the glance she gave him. He made his slow way out with the crowd, resolved to wait for her. The throng dispersed, in carriages and on foot. The street, alive with noise at first, fell gradually into silence ex- cept when a car clanged past. A group of men gathered at the mouth of the alley next the theater attracted Allan’s notice. He went over to see what they might be looking at. People presently began to come down this alley; and in one or two he recognized faces he had seen on the stage. He scanned every woman closely. And at last she came, quite alone, walking with her careless child’s grace and pulling on a pair of rusty gloves. A man stepped forward and spoke to her. She looked at him, and her glance passed beyond him to where Allan stood under the lamp-post. Recognition leaped into her eyes; she threw her head back and walked on past the man who had spoken. As they neared Allan, she turned on her would-be admirer. “Let me be!’’ she said, so that Allan caught the words. “I don’t know you and I don’t want to know you.” “Oh, but say!’ the man protested, and got no further. Allan stepped up to them and took the offender gently by the collar. “T’d let the lady alone, if I were you,”’ he said, with all mildness, and shoved him into the gutter. The man clutched at his hat and snarled. But Allan, for all his boyishness, was a bigger man than he, and he let discretion play the part of valor, and walked away. One or two, looking on callously, laughed. Allan never heard them; would not have known what they were laughing at if he had. He stood looking down at the girl. “T’ll see you to your car, if )ou don’t TAYLOR—FICTION 649 mind,’’ he said. ‘I’m afraid there’s rather a rough crowd around here.’’ “Thanks; I don’t mind if you do,” said the girl. He turned on his heel and walked with her, grave outwardly, inwardly thrilling with riotous joy—and wholly and absolutely unconscious that he was doing precisely the thing which he had nearly knocked another man down for trying to do. Waiting on the corner for a cross-town car, she chattered airily, with an odd undernote of cynicism in her talk which he felt and did not understand. She seemed so little, so like a child, and yet so reckless—he felt her recklessness in- tangibly yet unmistakably; it was in the very atmosphere of her—with such a veneer of worldliness, that she be- wildered him completely. She broke off her speech suddenly and sighed. “TI declare, I’m almost too tired to stand! And hungry—and I won’t get a thing to eat till morning.”’ “You poor little thing!’ Allan’s sympathy was instant and genuine. ‘‘There’s a place right near here,’’ he said; ‘‘would you be afraid to go in there with me and get something to eat?’’ He was not sure how she would take this. “Afraid?’’ she repeated. ‘‘Well, no; I don’t guess I’d be as how you might say afraid’’—and laughed a little. Never before had Allan entered a restaurant with a woman. He was torn between an excruciating shyness and an excited delight, and showed nothing of either. An assiduous waiter hurried to them. Allan said, with every as- sumption of ease: ‘‘How would you like a steak and some good hot coffee?’’ She looked at him across the table. “I guess not,’’ she said, calmly. ‘I don’t take much stock in those.”’ She took the card from the waiter and ordered what she liked. Allan, listening, hoped in an agony that he might be able to pay the bill. The man departed; she leaned back and scruti- nized the diners, quite at herease. Allan, watching her, had a sudden thought. “‘There’s one thing I should have done,’’ he said, choosing his words with some difficulty. “And I beg your 46

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650 pardon for not doing it before. I meant all along to find somebody to introduce me to you, but somehow to-night it came out differently. My name is Mark Allan, and I come from Rowzerville, Pennsylvania.”’ She shot a quick glance at him, and for an instant he feared she was going to laugh. But unexpectedly her reck- less young eyes softened. “Pleased to meet you, I’m sure, Mr. Allan,’’ she said, politely. ‘I guess you’ve seen me on the _ bills—Miss Rosamond Sykes. Saw you at the show, last night, too.’’ He turned quite red with pleasure. So she had remembered! He stammered something and felt himself an idiot. He listened avidly while Rosamond re- counted at length her chorus-girl tri- umphs, conscious that he was getting glimpses of a world of which he had never dreamed. Unexpectedly, it made him restless, yet at the same time softened him more than ever toward her. She was so pretty, so young, so innocent, to be exposed to the attentions of every man who came along; and he was more innocent than she. That night he dreamed of a slender sprite with daring eyes, who asked him to love her, and whom he fed indus- triously on a steak which never dimin- ished and coffee whose steam hid her from him when he wished to kiss her. It all made him quite delirious with joy, so that he woke hugging himself for sheer happiness. When awake, he was haunted by a small and aching sense of unrest, which was not pleasant, and which he could not understand. But sleeping or waking, there was always with him the image of a small girl, with radiant cheeks and daring eyes, in a gown of tawny silk, with but- terfly-wings that flapped absurdly. II After six nights of severe self-restraint, his feelings got the better of him, and he told her that he loved her. Also he asked her to marry him; to give up the glamour and excitement of stage-life and live with him, in his attic-reom, on the weekly salary he was earning as THE PROOF OF MAN—FIOCTION clerk. His pleading was boyish; but he was manfully and stubbornly bound to win. “I love you, dear, and I’m going to make you love me whether you want to ornot. You need never work again— just keep home for me, and remember every day that I’m coming back to you as fast as I can.”’ “T guess I will!’’ Rosamond answered, slowly. “I guess I do love you—but suppose it shouldn’t be quite as much fun as you think? I’m tired of working now, and I’d like to have some one working for me—but suppose I got tired of that, too? Suppose I wanted to go back to the show?’”’ He stopped her mouth with his kisses. “Ah, but I won’t let you get tired— of anything!’’ he cried. His voice was jubilant; she loved him, he had won her, and the world was his. She yielded to his kisses; even gave him one in return for all of his. And with the touch of her lips on his, what was strange and yet not strange happened. His young face, alight with all-confident hope and love, changed, and softened into gravity. In his eyes the boyishness still lingered, but with it, from that moment, there grew a new and steady courage. Of himself he had put childhood and its freedom behind him; now another looked to him for help. His manhood, with its temptations, its trials, its bitter responsibilities and its rewards, was upon him; and his life was no longer all his own. ‘‘We’ll be married after the last per- formance Saturday night,’’ he told her, pound to clinch the matter while things were going his way. ‘‘And I’ll take you home with me.”’ She glanced at him under her lids; and suddenly the blood surged into her face, dyeing it crimson. ‘‘I—don’t know!”’ she faltered. —we’ll see.”’ “We'll On the night which was to be his wed- ding-night he went to the theater in a tumult of emotion, with a heart whose singing joy no discouragement could cloud. We had told his landlady that that night he should bring his wife home;

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Oo. BRYSON TAYLOR—FICTION and had laughed at her fore- bodings with boyish happi- ness. The room was quite good-sized, even though it was an attic; it was sunny and cheery with its three dormer-windows—more than all, it would be Home. That night he bought no front-row orchestra-seat, but paid admission and took what he could get. He awaited her entrance, his soul in his eager eyes. She came, laughing, her glance a trifle more reckless, her manner a trifle more careless, and his gaze hung upon her. What if he had known her but two short weeks? May not a week be a year, and a year a lifetime? She was his, and they loved each other, and had been lucky enough to find it out with- out wasting precious time over the business. When the curtain fell, Allan hurried around to find his lady- love. There was an endless con- fusion of drays being loaded with scenery, orders shouted, property- men and scene-shifters dragging furiously at towering sections of castles, trees, walls, heaven knew what. Through it all he saw her coming toward him, her hat a bit askew, a red rose between her scarlet lips. “Doctor Butler said he’d wait for us at his house,” he said, his voice somewhat husky. Rosamond hung back. She did not speak until they had crossed the street from the theater. Then she stopped. ‘“‘Mark, I don’t want to,’’ she said, nervously. ‘‘I—want to go with the show.”’ He looked down at her. She was chewing the stem of the rose and her eyes were frightened. ““You—don’t want to?’ he re- peated, and laughed, a hurt, boy’s : Drawn by Alice Barber Stephens too sudden for him to feel its full force at once; it merely stunned her scarlet lips’”’ laugh. The shock of it had been ‘‘He saw her coming toward him, her hat a bit askew, a red rose between

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652 THE PROOF OF MAN—FIOCTION him into commonplaceness. “Why, Rosamond! Why not?’’ “IT want to go with the show,’’ she repeated, her courage returning. ‘““You’ve been awful good to me, Mark. But the girls laugh—and—and say you’re a baby. And I don’t want to give it up —I like it ’’ She struggled for ex- pression. “You don’t seem to care much!’’ she flashed at him, resentfully. He drew a deep breath, and his face set like stone. “T care so much that I’m not going to let you go!’’ he said. ‘‘This is all fool- ishness—you’re excited, and you think it’ll always be fun like this. But it won’t—not always. You’ve said you love me, and you know I love you. It’s all settled, isn’t it? Well, then, come along.”’ “‘No!’’ she stammered, aghast at the turn events were taking. ‘*Yes!’”’ he said, very gently. He put his hand under her arm and drew her two or three steps forward. Rosamond began to cry. “‘No"’’ she sobbed, trying to jerk her arm away. ‘It’s mean of you to want to make me! I don’t want to—I’m— oh, Mark, please! I’m—I’m afraid!’’ He released her arm and put both hands on her slim shoulders. It was very well for them then that the street was deserted. “You don’t mean that, do you?’’ he said, gravely. ‘‘You’re not—afraid of me?”’ “T don’t know!’’ Rosamond answered, unhappily. ‘I want to go with the show—that’s all I know!’ “You know you love me!” Allan said, still gravely. ‘‘I’ll always be good to you, and take care of you—so help me God!’ He put a hand beneath her face and lifted it, and suddenly smiled down intohereyes. ‘‘Now, don’t you?’ Her lips quivered. “I—don’t know!’ she murmured. Allan drew her hand through his arm. “T’ll show you whether you do or not!’’ he said, softly. If he had followed the methods of his primitive ancestors, clubbed her over the head and carried her to his cave on his shoulder, his course could not have been more sure. She went with him, her steps lagging, wiping away her tears from time to time with the back of her free hand. So, silently, save for an occasional muffled sob from Rosamond, they passed through the silent streets, and climbed the steps of the minister’s house. Allan unlocked the door of his room, threw it open on the darkness within, and stood aside to let Rosamond enter. As she crossed the threshold he put down her bag and struck a match. The room leaped into the light, bare, homely, faintly fragrant with the scent of old tobacco-smoke. Rosamond stood quite still in the center of the room, the new gold band glittering on her finger. Her face was pale and her eyes were dazed and uncer- tain. He went to her and took her in his arms and kissed her. To his amaze- ment, she shrank from him. He drew back, with sense enough not to press her. In the ecstasy of his own happiness, her mood was incomprehen- sible. But he was patient. He busied himself in silence getting the things ready at the table—two plates, two cups and saucers, two chairs. Without look- ing at her, he saw her slowly raise her hands, remove her hat-pins, one by one, and put her hat and jacket on the nearest chair. She turned to the bureau, look- ing at herself in the glass; and taking up his comb, fluffed her fair hair into shape. She did it- mechanically, sim- ply because she happened to see the comb there, but the little intimate act sent a thrill through him that for a moment turned him dizzy. But when he spoke, his voice was quite natural. “Will you sit here? I hope we’ve got what you like for supper. This sausage smells good, doesn’t it?’’ She smiled, rather faintly, and sat down, letting herself be waited on. She took a sip of the coffee, put the cup down hastily, and burst into tears and hid her face in her arms on the table. Allan sprang to his feet in shocked amazement. For one heart-shaking in- stant his soul rose in an agony of doubt. “ad it been a mistake, after all, a hideous

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Oe ©. BRYSON mistake, which never could be rectified? He had given her so little time—he had been selfish in wishing to claim his happi- ness for his own. Perhaps, after all, she was right, and he was wrong, brutally and damnably wrong. But as quickly, sanity returned. He did not understand; he had no chart to guide him; but love made him very wise just then. He went around the table and dropped on one knee beside her, and put his arms about her. She strained away from him, hiding her face. “TI wish I hadn’t!”’ she wept, with a note of hysterical appeal. “I never meant to do it all along! I don’t want to be married—and you made me! We’ve made a mistake!’ Love taught him then that he was facing the first crisis of his married life. Either he must master the situation, or it would master him—and if once, again. He drew her back to him until she leaned against him. “Dear little girl,’’ he said. ‘It isn’t any mistake at all. It’s all right, and as it was meant to be, and you'll see it so when you’re not so worn out and excited. We’re not going to let it be any mistake; it’ll be just as we make it, and it can’t help being right if we won’t let it be anything else. Ory as hard as you like—it’ll do you good—and then eat a mouthful, and perhaps it won’t seem quite so blue.”’ It is one of the minor mysteries of life that when a woman is urged to cry as hard as she likes, it invariably happens that she stops at once. But it is a fact in which many a harassed husband might find relief; and Allan, in all innocence, had stumbled upon it. By degrees Rosamond’s sobs ceased, though she still let her head rest against his shoulder. By degrees, also, he possessed himself of one of her hands. It was a hard little hand, not overwell kept, with short and stubby fingers; but it bore his ring. “T guess I’m a fool,’’ Rosamond said, in the calm tones of one who knows a great deal better. ‘‘But for a minute I was sore all over to think of the show going off without me. It was good fun. But you’ve been good to me.’ She stole a side-glance at his face, so near TAYLOR—FICTION 653 her own. “You'll always be good to me, won’t you?”’ The old, old question of helpless womanhood since the world began; and he answered it as men have answered since it first was asked. They ate their supper, sitting demurely at opposite sides of the table. boy and girl, with all their lessons before them, looking very young and very shy and very happy. Then they helped each other clear the table. As thetask neared completion, Rosamond’s face began to regain its lost color. She took to alter- nately flushing and paling; would not meet his seeking eyes. Allan did his best to keep an appearance of careful unconcern, but his pulses were pounding madly and his hands shook. He put the last dish away, and turned; and his heart leaped into his throat and shook him bodily to its racing hammer- strokes. Rosamond stood beside his bureau, taking off the collar of her gown. III Allan worked himself nearly to death that he might win for his wife the luxu- ries he longed to give her. He could deny her nothing—and she demanded all. When she raised sleepy lips for his good- by kiss in the mornings, the memory of them lingered hot on his own all day. When she met him in the evenings, her touch, the very sight of her, was com- pensation to him for all that had gone before. His face, over all its boyish- ness, began to take on new faint lines which his years should not have known, lines of responsibility, work and care. Rosamond spent her time parading down-town in her new hats and dresses. She scraped acquaintance with a young woman on the floor below, and was to be found at all hours sitting on the stairs in a dingy little wrapper, her hair un- brushed, exchanging gossip. Allan climbed the stairs slowly at the close of a sultry late-spring day, his face pale with heat and exhaustion. In the room the lamp was going at full blaze, and the air was suffocatingly warm. Rosamond sat on the floor, her back to the door, turning out her finery from the bureau-drawers. Her dress was off;

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654 THE PROOF OF MAN—FIOCTION her bare neck and arms gleamed satiny- white in the light. She jumped to her feet as Allan entered, letting a cascade of ribbons drop to the floor. “I forgot it was so late!’ she said, guiltily. ‘‘I’ll get supper right away.” She slipped into a loose pink dressing- jacket and set to work. Presently, busy with her dishes, she looked over her shoulder at him. ‘“‘Mollie and Will Kramer are going to the theater to-night, to see ‘King Dodo,’ ’”’ she observed. “‘Are they?’’ Allan asked, seeing that she waited for answer of some sort. His voice was weary to indifference. “Yes. I was in that before I joined ‘The Runaways,’ ’’ said Rosamond. Her voice held an odd note of longing. ‘‘Come on; supper’s ready.”’ He took his place. She sat down, her chin on her hands, regarding him steadfastly. He saw, with unwilling- ness, the soiled collar of her dressing- jacket, the unkempt tangle of her hair, the black half-circle of dirt around each stubby finger-nail. Like all clean-minded men, he could stand many shortcomings in others save personal neglect. He tried hard not to look at her hands as she slipped a slice of sausage on his plate and handed over his cup of tea. ‘‘We’ve been married near three months and you’ve never taken me to a show!’ she said, plaintively. At her words he experienced a pang of self- reproach. He himself had not been to a show either, yet somehow it seemed different for her. ‘Would you like to go to-night?’’ he asked, hoping against hope that she might say she would not. “‘T’d love to!’ she answered, promptly. “I can wear my new white waist I got to-day, cheap. Oh, I took some of the money you left for the rent, but that won’t make any difference. You got your pay to-day; you can make it up out of that.”’ “Yes, but that must go for this com- ing week,’’ said Allan. She was entirely cheerful. ‘‘Well, but to take such a little bit of it won’t mat- ter. Now,do hurry, there’s a dear, so we can get good seats.”’ She hurried through supper, her face alight at the evening’s prospect. He cleared the table, got out his books, and sat down to study until she was ready. But he could scarcely keep his eyes off her; excitement had made her pret- tier than ever. She looked as she had when she first glanced at him from the Land of Illusion across the footlights. Her hair arranged to her liking, she looked at her face in the mirror, brought from the drawer a well-worn hare’s-foot and a box of rouge, and rubbed her cheeks. ‘*Rosamond, don’t!’ Allan said, quick- ly. She looked around at him with a gay little laugh. ‘Why not? You old goose, every- body does it! And—TI had it on when you first saw me.”’ Allan left the table, and put his arms about her, leaning over her shoulder, his face down to hers. ‘“That was dif- ferent. You’re not on the stage now. You don’t need it, and you’re so much prettier without it. Oh, little girl, little girl, I love you so!’’ His voice dropped lower; he pressed his cheek to her soft flushed one. ‘‘You can do what you like with me, and you know it. Won't you not do two things for my sake? Don’t put that vile stuff on your face, and don’t take the rent-money for any- thing else. I’ve got to be careful.”’ They went to the theater, all four, Mollie and Will and Rosamond and Allan, and sat in the gallery, and had a royal time. Rosamond became intense- ly excited; the old recklessness leaped to her eyes; she softly hummed all the choruses. But after that night a change came over her. At times she talked eagerly, her subject ever the same—the stage, and things theatrical. At times, again, she fell into strange and brooding silences. Her face lost its rose tinge; in her eyes there lurked the same reckless daring, mingled with a new hardness. She took to going to matinées whenever she could manage it; and always, at these times, when she met Allan on his return from work, there was an odd and marked constraint in her manner. And three weeks had barely passed

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— before the blow fell. The office decreed a holiday for its employees, and Allan hastened home to tell Rosamond and plan a celebration of the event. And because it was written so, he went to her happily, tired in mind and body, but buoyant with hope and anticipation of her pleasure.. Rosamond was waiting for him. As he sat down at the table, she went behind his chair and put her arms about his neck, leaning her cheek to his, and he turned his head aside and kissed her. Later, he came to know that it is only the weak who caress before they stab. “What would you like best of all to do to-morrow?” he asked her, when, after the meal, he drew her down beside him at the window. She looked up at him, and her eyes changed. ‘‘To-morrow?”’ she repeated. “T have a half-holiday to-morrow,” said Allan, ‘‘and we’re going to do what- ever you like with it.’’ The color crept into her face. “I guess I ought to tell you some- thing, Mark,” she said, in an odd voice. “T’m—I’m going away. With the ‘Miss Bob White’ show. I saw the manager— oh, awhile ago,and he engaged me. I’m going to-morrow.’’ She stopped, with an apprehensive glance at him. He looked down at her, and his face was white and quite expressionless. ‘““You’re—going away?” he repeated. His voice was neither blank nor angry, but rather hushed. ‘‘Why—what’s the matter? Have I been—not good to you?”’ His questions came slowly, with pain- ful pauses between, but she answered none of them. She returned his look; and with the apprehension in her eyes there slowly mingled a hint of dogged- ness, of the obstinacy of a weak will, which of all things in the world is hardest to fight against, since it owns to neither law nor reason. “Mark, I can’t stand it any longer— I just can’t!’’she cried. ‘‘I want to be out and see people, and have things happen; I want to go back on the stage, and I’m _ going Well, why don’t you say something?”’ ‘“‘There—doesn’t seem to be much for ©. BRYSON TAYLOR—FICTION 655 me to say,’’ said Allan, dully. ‘I don’t think I understand just why you want to go. You say you can’t stand it——”’ His voice trailed off into silence. Un- expectedly, he bent forward in his chair and hid his face in his hands. Rosamond got down on her knees be- side him. She put one arm around his neck; with the other she tugged at his fingers. - “Don’t, Mark!’ she exclaimed, re- proachfully. “I didn’t think you’d be so mean about it. You’ve been good to me; but you think if you come home at night, and love me awhile, it’s all I want to keep me happy. I married to have a good time, and not stay cooped up in one room all the rest of my born life. I’m going back on the road again, and you can get a divorce if you want to.” “T’m sorry, Rosamond,” Allan said, slowly. He raised his head and sat looking out the window into the night. New hard lines seemed curiously to have graven themselves about his mouth; all the boyishness had left his face, leay- ing in its place a bitter loneliness. Yet somehow, with it all, the face looked younger than before. Three short months ago, he would have said, “I did the best I could.” Now he was learning the first and hardest lesson life holds to teach the strong: that the comfortable formula of excuse is for the weak and for them only; that for those who can suffer it is at once the privilege and the penalty of their birth- right of strength that they suffer in silence and alone, pleading no extenuations. Himself he knew that he had done his best; that was his justification. He would not beg her to stay; his boy’s quick pride, fast merging into and toning to man’s silent fortitude, held him dumb. She had chosen to leave him; he scorned, boy that he was, to exert the preroga- tive of his masculine strength and keep her against her will. When he returned from work next day—for men must work though their happiness crumbles about them and they walk gray-faced among the ruins—the room was empty. On the table lay a scrap of paper in Rosamond’s un- formed scrawl.

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656 THE PROOF OF MAN—FICTION Drawn by Alice Barber Stephens ***It will be—harder than it was before, dear,’ he said, slowly”’ “T was afraid you wouldn’t let me go, so I’ve gone. Your loving Rosie.’’ He crushed the paper and flung it from him with an oath. But the shell of his stoicism had not yet hardened against the world, and the blow went home. “She never even waited to say good- by to me!”’ he said, and his voice shook. They were all a boy’s words. pitifully futile, because he had no expression for the suffering that was in him, but the pain they covered was not boyish. He dropped into a chair, suddenly flung his arms across the table and buried his face in them. IV He took up his life where he had left it three months before, working harder that he might have less time to think. For he was not philosophical; his youth, with its hot intolerance and desperate rebellion, its impotent cry of ‘‘Why must this happen to me?’’ was strong in him, and to think meant to rail at what the high gods had measured as his portion. She was weak—she could not help it. There she had him, bound hand and foot. In her weakness she dominated him; to oppose her was like fighting a man small- er than he. By degrees he began to see this weakness as it was. Not the weak- ness of sex alone—that was lovable, be- fore which he stood reverently, and which he would have given every drop of blood in his body, every ounce of his own strength, to guard—but the weak- ness of a nature small and mean, feeding on what it might drain from another’s strength and giving nothing in return; that took advantage of the loyalty of that strength and sheltered itself behind the appeal of its own name. And that was despicable. In his heart he said the word, and knew that it was true. And with it was rent the last shred of the veil of illusion that had shrouded this weakness in the form of that other which was to be held sacred. His first feeling was that he had been imposed on; that she had not played fair. Again she had him; she was weak, and being weak, she could not help it. Yet, in her very weakness she had been unconscious- ly honest; from the first she had given him the clue, by word and action, to what he might expect. But his eyes had been blinded, that was all. Not being given to the analysis of his emotions, he endured torments. She had leaned on him; had he failed her? He gave up the answer in despair. But Fate was molding him to her own ends; for his thought was not “I have done the best I could,’’ but ‘‘Have I done the best I could?’’ There were times when the empty bed and the silent room turned

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him sick with longing; when his arms ached for the touch of her slim young body, and his lips hungered for hers, and his ears strained for the sound of her rippling laugh. Each day the silence of that room pressed him closer; each day his resolve became more fixed not to let himself see it, to keep it at arm’s- length from him, to withstand all thought of solace which would spell remorse. There came a time when the office laid off half its force, and Allan found him- self of the number. He lived on in his attic-room, exhausted in mind and body, resting inertly before seeking other work. On a sultry evening he came home after a half-hearted search for work, and sat smoking by the window, too tired to go out again, watching the cur- tain of dusk close down upon the wilderness of house-tops below ‘him. Presently his pipe, unheeded, went out. He sat half dozing, his black bulk out- lined against the gray square of the window. A hushed sibilance of voices whis- pering at the door aroused him. He heard the door open, heard the swish of a woman’s skirts crossing the room; and in the darkness his face went gray. He knew who it was—that Rosamond had returned. She stopped beside him, and he sat motionless. “T’ye come back, Mark!’ she said. He got to his feet and confronted her. Her face gleamed a white shadow in the gloom ‘“*You have the right to come back if you want to,’’ he said. He lighted the lamp with hands that shook, and looked at her. She was pale, all her fresh color gone, her hair dull, her dress shabby. She began to take out her hat-pins, one by one; and the action etched into his mind a burning memory of the first night he had brought her home. “T was with the ‘Bob Whites’ awhile,”’ she said, easily. ‘‘Then I got tired, and joined another show, but it went to smash on the road. So I came home. And I was tired of it, anyhow.’’ She glanced at him sidewise. ‘‘Did you— miss me?’’ His mind went back to the days and nights he had spent fighting down his C. BRYSON TAYLOR—FICTION 657 love and longing with iron hands lest they rise up and overwhelm him to his undoing. In the lamplight his face looked worn. “*Yes,”’ he said, soberly. ‘I missed you.”’ She drew a little gratified sigh. He watched her silently. Fate had given him what had been his heart’s desire; but she had chosen her own time and way, as often. Rosamond tossed aside her hat, and put both hands on his shoulders. “You haven’t even kissed me yet!’’ she said. He put his arms about her, because it was what she expected him to do. “T’ll have to look up something to do,’”’ he said. ‘I’m out of work. It won’t be harder for you than I can help. We'll pull through somehow, if you’ll have a little patience.’’ He paused, but she said nothing. She nestled into his arms and sighed contentedly. She would be taken care of; on other shoulders than hers wouid fall the brunt of the battle with the world. And Allan knew that the battle would be single-handed, and against heavy odds. ‘It will be—harder than it was before, dear,”’ he said, slowly. ‘‘Kiss me!’’ she whispered, with soft insistence. ‘‘You’re going to be very good to me, aren’t you? Because I’ve had such a hard time—you can’t think how hard! And you love me—I know you love me!”’ But every man, consciously or uncon- sciously, has dreamed some time in his life of finding Love a comrade, not a child in arms. Allan looked down on the top of her curly head as it lay against his heart. In that moment he knew what every soul must learn, each in its own hour and its own way, that the Land of Illusion is a pleasant place, with wide and frequent gateways, where, at every gateway, there stands an angel with a flaming sword. For it, also, is a Garden to which there shall be no returning. “Yes, I love you. I can’t do any- thing else,’’ he said, simply, and bent and laid his lips to hers.

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Pa ROS ae ae ji A SACRIFICE To THE ao ee . ee ——_ er. 3 MAY give some slight idea of the difficulties of my position when I state that, while Lord Chesterfield was my model, I lived in Spreadeagle, Woolly County. The conflict between the ideal and the real which forms so much of the tragedy of existence must become ap- parent to everybody in all its stern in- evitableness. Try as I would, I could not make the rules of my noble mentor fit into my every-day life as a real-estate agen® in our town. I could not doubt that they were right, but somehow they did not seem to work. For example, I read in my text-book, ‘Lord Chester- field’s Letters to His Son,’’ that ‘‘there is a certain dignity of manner absolutely necessary to make even the most valu- able character either respected or respect- able.’”’ I had come upon this sentence only on the day that old Boodly, the president of the First National, slapped me on the shoulder. As I drew myself up formally, he said: “Oh, well, if you feel that way, I’ll see Jolleson about the piece of property I want to sell.’’ Thereupon he stalked out of my office across the street to my rivai. My attention to dress, as enjoined by my guide, in a community which would have preferred to luxuriate in boiled shirts and barbarism, gave me trouble- some notoriety. People paused in the street to see me pass. All the little boys were exceedingly uncivil to me. Indeed, the fact that I turned up my trousers at the bottom lost me the chance of becoming secretary of the Fire Com- pany—the most exclusive social organi- zation of the place. The frock-coat and high hat which I felt in duty bound to wear on Sunday afternoon brought me By GEORGE HIBBARD undesirable mention in almost every issue of the Spreadeagle ‘‘Clarion.’’ I loved Miss Daisy Brown with a mute and respectful adoration. I knew it from the first moment when I saw her at the Sunday-school picnic making sandwiches. That afternoon on which I wearied my arms and tore my coat propelling the swing in which she sat was the most memorable in my life. She smiled on me. Alas! the next morning when I met her in Main Street entering the door of Smart’s Universal Emporium, she appeared hardly to recollect me. Every clash comes to a climax. The crisis of my life arrived with the Spread- eagle Charity Ball. Where I should have expected to find encouragement, I really encountered the greatest difficulty. A good many of Lord Chesterfield’s pages are filled with directions as to the best way of pleasing the fair sex. One might have thought that my polite manners and graceful speeches would have won approval among the young ladies. Not at all. They laughed at me. Finished com- pliments were met with giggles. Cere- moniousness appeared only to intimi- date them. Perhaps I may not have read my vade-mecum aright. However, Lord Chesterfield has nothing to say about the method to be observed in con- ducting a young lady to a soda-water fountain. I searched for ways to please Miss Brown. I invented many of my own, hoping for forgiveness from the shades of my revered monitor. I sent to Em- pire City for flowers for her. I believe all her friends lived upon the candy she received from me. Giving me a | |

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Pe RI sanenighianepnatienishneiopsieniitenitianasnttiaiaeineanaenaiieaiia! I sweeping, mocking courtesy, she would take my gifts with laughter. ‘“‘Ramrods aren’t in it with you,”’ she frankly informed me. ‘‘And you’d be the greatest slowpoke if you weren’t the funniest thing in town.”’ How would Lord Chesterfield have re- ceived such a speech? I could find no light on this obscure point. Still, she did not appear to dislike me. At least, she never banished me entirely. Of course, when the Charity Ball was a settled fact, my first thought was to take Daisy. In the rudimentary sim- plicity of our elemental state, the chap- eron was an unknown quantity. Totake a girl to a party at this time in Spread- eagle was the regular thing. Indeed, as a rule, if a girl did not have a man to take her she did not go. When a dance was announced, the rush to get a popular young lady could be compared only to a scrimmage at football or a run on the bank. Her front door was besieged the first thing in the morning, and the tele- phone-bell kept ringing until late at night. Having inside information on this occasion, I thought, I should have a walk-over. ‘Will your highness deign to have the goodness to do me the honor to give me the pleasure of being seated?’’ Daisy greeted me as’ she came into the room, when I called in the early evening. Then she curled herself up in a chair and looked at me provokingly. ‘‘Boo!”’ she cried, suddenly, seeing that I was speechless with gazing at her, ‘‘and you know what that’s said to.”’ With all his aplomb, I felt that my guide himself would not have been equal to the occasion. “T hastened,’’ I began as well as I could, ‘‘to inquire if you will afford me the great gratification of accompanying me to the forthcoming Charity Ball——’”’ ‘*Ball!’’ she exclaimed, her eyes shi- ning brightly; ‘‘a real, true ball ee I explained more fully. “Couldn’t think of it,’’ she announced, decidedly. ‘‘I may not go.”’ She laughed at me. I grinned help- lessly. The idea that Daisy, who danced through life and her slippers, would not ” GEORGE HIBBARD—FICTION 659 be there was preposterous. She was playing with me, as was her custom. I left the Brown mansion, as a usual thing, with my heart in my throat with emotion or in my boots with despond- ency. My cause was hopeless, I assured myself. In my despair, I was ready for anything. By the time I had got as far as the Hopkinses’, I had worked up a fair amount of determination and courage. I would have some spirit. I would assert my independence. I would ask Miss Flossy Hopkins to go with me. Flossy was Daisy’s greatest rival. They had sworn eternal enmity, and I felt convinced that nothing could pique her more. I entered the Hopkins gate. I brave- ly rang the Hopkins bell. Miss Hopkins received me with effu- sion. She accepted with alacrity. Iwas known to be Daisy’s abject adorer. If I had no merit of my own in Miss Hop- kins’ eyes, I possessed an adventitious value as a leaf plucked from the other’s crown. To enter the ballroom with me was like leading a captive at her chariot-wheels—a captive, moreover,who had been an adversary’s slave. ‘How nice of you to think of it!’’ she cooed. ‘‘Of course I’ll go, with the greatest pleasure.’’ Alas, the next day was to show me the precipice upon which I was walking. The coming morning made me aware of the volcano on which I was dancing— or was preparing to dance. I had hardly seated myself at my desk, when the telephone rang. I expected a business communication. I took up the receiver without in the least antici- pating the shock which awaited me. “Is that you?’’ I heard Daisy’s voice saying, in its most honeyed and begui- ling tone. ‘*Yes,’’ I managed to enunciate. “It was so sweet of you to ask me to go to the ball,’’ she continued, serenely. “IT don’t believe that I thanked you enough last night. I am just looking forward to it.”’ ““You—you are going?’’ I stammered. “Why, of course,’’ she announced calmly, with hurt astonishment. ‘‘Didn’t you understand?”’’

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660 A SACRIFICE TO THE GRACES—FICTION “No,”’ I babbled. ‘I didn’t—alto- gether.”’ “How stupid of you! Of course I’d go, when you asked me. Now you un- derstand dg “But——_”’ I began, realizing on the instant that neither my courage nor my sense of politeness would permit me to tell her the awful truth—that I had invited another. “‘Good-by.”’ I staggered back from the instrument. Lord Chesterfield could never have con- ceived of such a predicament. He never found himself engaged to take two girls, deadly rivals, to the same ball. Even he, I believed, would not have been able to cope with such a situation. Despair seized me. I was completely at sea—tossed in a tempest of doubt, without the compass of precedent to direct my course, without the rudder of determination with which to steer it. I sank back in my office-chair, plunged in the gloomiest reflections. Constituted as I was, I knew that I could not face Miss Hopkins and calmly tell her that I had made a mistake—that I could not take her as I had said I should. Much less could I meet Daisy face to face and acknowledge to her that I had had the temerity to invite another—particularly after she had just informed me that she had considered herself engaged to me from the first. I shuddered as I thought of the prospect, and shrank from it in hopeless dismay. What was I to do? The future was clouded in the deepest gloom, unbroken by one ray of light. I knew well the prescribed usage for such an occasion. After sending flowers in the afternoon, the young man was expected to arrive at about nine in the evening at the young lady’s house in a hack. Together they drove to the scene of festivity. The first dance fell to him, as a sort of a premium on the transaction. As a -matter of course, he took her to supper. Otherwise, dur- ing the evening he might see but little of the girl, if she was a popular belle, with many to dance with her. Suddenly I sprang to my feet. A surprising idea was forming itself in my mind. <A mighty resolve was filling

my soul. In deep agitation, I walked up and down the office. I was engaged to take both girls to the party. Why not take them? The conception was bold, daring to the verge of madness. Would Lord Chesterfield have ever done the like? I did not know. I did not, in fact, care. As Ihave before observed, he had never found himself in such a hole. Was this thing practical? As I walked the floor, the difficulties pre- sented themselves with startling dis- tinctness. The result of disaster filled me with terror. But with a desperate case—and my case was desperate— came the time for desperate remedies. In a fever of excitement, I made a mental sketch of the campaign. A slip any- where might bring upon me irretrievable ruin. Miss Hopkins would refuse to speak to me again. Ishould lose Daisy’s favor forever. The ensuing week I spent in a night- mare of apprehension. I necessarily saw Daisy often. Icould not completely neglect Miss Hopkins. Skulking from one house to the other, I felt like a fugi- tive from justice. Covering up my tracks on all occasions, I had all the sensation of a malefactor. My con- sciousness of guilt I knew was manifest in my bearing. “You behave as if you’d eaten the canary-bird,’’ Daisy commented, critic- ally, on one occasion, as we were walking and I was in momentary terror of meet- ing Miss Hopkins. “That yellow songster is not what I’d desire to devour most,’’ I replied, gal- lantly, and in a manner which I felt that Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chester- field, would have approved. Daisy rewarded me with a kindly glance. On the afternoon of the fateful day, I carefully arranged to have flowers sent to my two dulcineas. I ordered with great care the best the place could afford. There should be no failure to satisfy in any possible detail. I had early engaged a discreet driver for my hackney-coach, with the best horses obtainable in any livery-stable in Spread- eagle. At a pinch, speed might be im- portant in the evening’s work. I took es ee

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GEORGE HIBBARD—FICTION LT — Drawn by Wm. L. Jacobs ‘I was delayed unavoidably,’ I stammered”’

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662 the vehicle for the night, giving the man such a fee as insured devotion, wakeful- ness and obedience. For a long time I debated as to which young lady I should convey to the enter- tainment first. My scheme, of course, was to go for one, get her started in the ball, slip out and hurry as quickly as I could to the home of the other. With sufficient celerity, I hoped to be back on the dancing-floor with her before my absence was observed. I concluded, after long consideration, that on the whole I had better take Daisy. I knew her the better, and should be obliged and inclined to delay for a few words with her. Miss Hopkins I felt that I might venture, if necessary, to keep waiting for a brief period. I must say that as I drove up to the Brown residence and walked to the front door, I shook in my dancing-shoes. I was too well aware of Daisy’s keenness not to be in mortal terror. Any slip might betray me, and what the conse- quence might be I could not contem- plate. When Daisy tripped into the parlor in all:the bewildering glory of her ball- fineries, ghe received me with unusual cordiality. “The flowers: were perfectly lovely,’ she assured me, as she gazed on me with a rosy smile. “I must get them out of the ice-box.”’ “TI knew you liked La France,”’ I said, tenderly. ‘“‘They were Maréchal Niel,’’ she an- swered, with some asperity. **“Yes—yes—of course,’’ I murmured. The cursed florist had made a mistake, after all. “I thought it so dear of you to re- member that I said I liked the others now.”’ I got her safely in the carriage, and together we-rolled away. Under ordi- nary circumstances, to find myself alone with Daisy in the dim seclusion of the hack would have been heavenly. I had, however, too much on my mind to be able to lose myself in the bliss of the situation. I must deposit Daisy at the ball, and get started and return for Miss Hopkins as soon as the horses could A SACRIFICE TO THE GRACES—FICTION carry me back. With her usual quick- ness, Daisy at once observed my nervous- ness and absent-mindedness, and with her usual frankness mentioned it. ‘“‘We aren’t going to a funeral,’’ she said, ‘‘but to a party.”’ Ah! little did she know the thorny path which I was treading. In her ig- norance she did not understand that, hard as the cushions of the vehicle were, they were nothing to the uncomfortable- ness of the pins and needles on which I was sitting. I entered the ballroom proudly. In a moment my pretty companion was surrounded by an emulous throng of gallants. Her dance-card was speedily filled. Off we whirled in the first waltz. I wished that it would go on forever. In the delight of holding her in my arms through the mazy circles over the pol- ished floor, I almost forgot the trials of my position. I must away, however, and at the same time, though I lived in the ecstasy of the moment, I fervently longed for the end of the dance. Daisy’s next partner hurried up. At once I hurried off. I dodged out of the door. I seized my coat and hat. I made for the waiting carriage. I urged the man to make all speed to the Hop- kins domicile. Miss Flossy was waiting for me, a frown on her stately brow. ““You are late,’’ she observed, sternly. “TI was delayed unavoidably,’’ I stam- mered. ‘“‘A circumstance over which I have no control - Alas, how true this was! I could see that Flossy was still sus- picious and resentful. Indeed, her whole manner was frigid in the extreme. Al- most in silence, we drove to the Odd Fellows’ Hall, where the ball was now in full swing. Without a word, Miss Hopkins met me outside the dressing-room door and gloomily took my arm. I at once real- ized that she was not a belle of the same magnitude as Daisy. She did not shine with anything like the same light, and applicants for dances were not nearly so great in number. Indeed, I foresaw that I might have difficulty in getting her off my hands. One or two partners

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presented themselves. There were, how- ever, blank places on her card which caused me apprehension. In the natural order of things, I should have filled them with my name. This I was afraid to do. I could not bind myself down. I must be able to act. I must be at liberty to take advantage of circumstances. I must be free and unfettered, so that I could hurry from one to the other of my charges. Such remissness on my part greatly added to Miss Hopkins’ hauteur. Relations were decidedly strained. I felt that we were really on the verge of hostilities. At last she danced away with some one else. I hastened to find Daisy. She was in the middle of the ballroom, twirling about with my most hated rival, Hicks. At last she paused, palpitating, pretty and petulant. “Where have you been?’ she de- manded, instantly. “As if you noticed diplomatically, “T did,’’ she said. ‘Sitting in some corner, I suppose, with some other girl, when I came with you———’”’ “But I can’t be by your side all the time,’’ I argued, regretfully. “‘No,’”’ she declared. ‘‘But you could be watching me. I sha’n’t believe a word you say if I find you doing any- thing else all of this evening.”’ I was mightily pleased by Daisy’s concern. I was also much embarrassed by her new requirement. I was each moment, I saw, sinking deeper into the quicksand. I felt as if another turn had been given to the rack. Still I struggled manfully. Still I gave battle to Fate. I shudder when I recall that evening. Eternal vigilance was my only safety. The moment Daisy appeared to want something—her fan which she had lost -I must observe the fact and be ready to find it for her. The instant Miss Hopkins desired a pin or a glass of water, I must be on hand and run to give it to her. I was obliged to see every- thing—to be everywhere. A hundred eyes and a hundred feet would not ade- quately meet the demands of the situa- tion. I had to be an argus and a centi- ped in one. The way in which those 7 I answered, GEORGE HIBBARD—FICTION 663 two girls kept me flying from place to place, like a social shuttle, made me breathless and dizzy. No single person could fully have met their multifarious demands. I should have been twins. Time passed, while I grew hotter and more weary. The hour of supper, which I knew was one of the most critical points of the evening, was drawing near. The moment which I had anticipated with dread was rapidly approaching. The question of how I finally should get one girl home and return for the other fell into the background with the neces- sity for instant action. I had decided that my policy shouid be one of pure opportunism. I must try to meet each difficulty as it arose. In a few moments the door of the room where the viands were spread would be thrown open. I must prepare to grapple with the im- mediate difficulty. I approached Miss Hopkins timorous- ly. From the way her straight, dark eyebrows were drawn, I foreboded evil. “You are having a pleasant time?’’ Her black eyes snapped and seemed to crackle under my blandishments like a black cat sedulously stroked. ‘‘Very,’’ she answered, shortly. ““‘Supper———’’ I suggested, tentatively. “I will go to supper at twelve ex- actly,’’ she declared, with precision. **Yes,’’ I answered, meekly. I withdrew and consulted my watch. I noted that the time was half past eleven. Could I manage to have Daisy satisfy her exceedingly healthy appetite before twelve? Should I be able to in- duce her to wait till later? I looked vainly for her among the dancers. Searching diligently, I came upon her in a darkened corner. Again she was with Hicks. “T am thinking about supper,’ I began. *“‘Oh!”’ she declared, ‘‘I imagined that you had forgotten it.’’ She smiled up at me with an innocent and infantile sweetness that caused me woful misgivings. Miss Hopkins’ anger was appalling, but Daisy’s placidity was like the serenity of a tropical sky—one did not know what dire storm might be threatening.

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664 “I thought you might care to come now,” I coaxed. “No,” she said; ‘I am very much occupied.”’ I observed Hicks’ self-satisfied smile. ‘“‘Then,’’ I hurried on, ‘‘in an hour or two? Say, half past twelve or one?” “T will go to supper,’’ she commanded, “at twelve precisely.” The floor seemed to tremble, the columns supporting the gallery to totter. The lights of the ballroom were blurred. Hicks—Daisy—swam before my eyes. The crisis had arrived. As I staggered away, I could see no escape. The blow that I had expected had fallen. I had gone through what I had in vain—at this late stage to go down in defeat. I should be revealed in all my duplicity. The profitless villainy would be detected by Miss Hopkins’ sharp gaze, and, what was worse, a thousand times worse, laid bare before Daisy’s bright eyes. I stood in a deserted corner, the most miserable man in Spreadeagle—I felt sure, in all Woolly County—I was con- vinced, in the whole of this broad land of freedom. I drew out my watch. I felt like a prisoner in his cell watching for the time of his execution. The last hours of the ecendemned were nothing to it. Only these were not hours, but minutes —hurrying minutes. As I looked at the dial, I discovered that I had only ten more left. A cold sweat gemmed my brows. I believe I could feel my carefully brushed hair rise a little in terror. If any one should think this extreme, I can only say that such aone has not faced Miss Hopkins in her most serious moods, or Daisy on the rare oc- casions when she has lost her temper and apparently has no desire to find it again. Besides, I was in love with Daisy, and not only did I feel that I was condemned, but as if I were signing my own death- warrant. Eight minutes! How quickly the hands seemed to travel! Six minutes! What should I do? I could think of no possible course to follow. I longed to take flight—abjectly run away and abandon the ground. This, however, I knew would be equally fatal. There A SACRIFICE TO THE GRACES—FICTION was nothing for me to do but to face the music—a distressing variation of the ‘“‘Rogue’s March”? with the lugubrious- ness of afuneral dirge. I must remain— for what? To attempt the physically impossible. To try to be in different places at the same time. I could hope for success only by equaling in a measure the mythological personage mentioned by Mrs. Malaprop and being, if not ‘“three,’”’ then at least two, ‘‘gentlemen in one.”’ I looked at the timepiece in my almost trembling hand. The moments had sped. Only three more separated me from the fateful and fatal period when I must act. At the eleventh hour—which was the twelfth in fact—I was as much at a loss as to what I was to do as I ever had been. Motionless, spellbound, helpless, I saw the minute-hand race on. Only the smallest white opening was between it and the black midnight-mark. That was closing up, and soon the point would be over the first letter of the Roman numeral. I started. I heard the deep boom of a bell. Hastily I assumed that my watch was slow. Unawares, Fate had stolen a march on me. In the twinkling of an eye I stood alert. The sound which fell on my ear was not the familiar note of the town clock. The fire-bell was ringing. For any amateur fireman of Spreadeagle at such a call, at any time, only one course was to be con- sidered. With the first clang of alarm, every one dropped everything. On a week-day, men left their occupation —abandoning an uncompleted bargain or dropping an unfinished bit of work instanter. On Sunday, the members of the fire-company at the tintinnabular summons tore down the aisle and out of church. For obeying that call no one could blame me. With that excuse Miss Hop- kins, and Daisy herself, could find no fault. A leap seemed to take me to the stairs. With a bound, I was down them. At full speed, I made for the engine- I could see, as Iran, men making In a scramble, I was Breathless, I 46 house. from all directions. in my fireman’s shirt.

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pressed down the shining helmet on my head. Helter-skelter, in hot haste, I was racing with the others with the hose-cart. ‘‘Where is it?’’ I gasped. “The feed-shop behind Odd Fellows’ Hall,’’ some one shouted. In my mad race, I had come from the fire only to return to it. As we tore into the square, I saw that in the few minutes in which I was gone the conflagration had made headway. Smoke was pour- ing from the windows of the shop be- neath the hall in which the people had been dancing. Thin white clouds arose even from the lighted windows of the ballroom. In the street were huddled the dancers—the girls shivering in their ball-dresses. The tumult was bewil- dering. The confusion was frenzied. Forcing my way through the terrified throng, I stood in the open space before the building. The flames were break- ing out. In the glare I could see all distinctly. ‘‘Where is Daisy Brown?’’ I heard a girl cry. “IT haven’t seen her,’’ another an- swered. ‘‘She is left behind.’’ The smoke was belching out in great clouds now, the light of the flames tinge- ing it with a sinister glow. Already I could feel the heat on my face. I did not pause to think. I did not know what Icould do. I felt only that I must do something. I made for the entrance- door, the shouts and calls of the multi- tude falling on my heedless ears. I sprang on. In the hall, the hot, smo- king breath of the furnace beyond met me full in the face. I lowered my head and got my foot on the first step of the stairs. As quickly as I had come down, I sprang up. My head began to swim. GEORGE HIBBARD—FICTION 665 I could see nothing. I fought my way onward and upward as if against a bodily foe. I seemed to be toiling pain- fully. I appeared to have no control of my feet. I lost consciousness When I came to, I was in the cool night air of the square. Odd Fellows’ Hall was blazing, the flames roaring high in the heaven, the sparks dancing away brilliantly against the black sky. For an instant I watched them with fascinated intensity. Then I remem- bered. I lifted myself up on my elbow. I gazed about. My startled eyes fell on the figure of Daisy Brown kneeling by my side. “Oh,’”’ she exclaimed, thing!”’ “TIT came,’’ I said, mistily, ‘“‘to have the pleasure of taking you in to sup- per——’”’ As I considered the matter later, I came to the satisfactory conclusion that Philip Dormer Stanhope could have done no better. “Oh,’’ she murmured, softly. ““At twelve o’clock,’’ I went on, un- steadily. ‘“‘Never mind,’’ she said, almost cry- ing. ‘“‘Oh, Iamso sorry! We only did it to torment you. Flossy and I*made up, and we told each other. I should not have pretended I did not want to go with you-——”’ “You did?’’ I demanded, vaguely. ““Yes—and always,’’ she whispered. ‘‘When I saw you rush into the fire to save me—I was lost in the crowd—I cried to stop you———”’ “TIT was a little late,”’ I said, hazily. “That’s all right. Then I knew——”’ ‘‘What?”’ I asked, more clearly. ‘That I—loved you,’’ she said, bend- ing with her lips at my ear. “e say some-

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A TRUST IN AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS THE OPPORTUNITIES OF THE NEWLY FORMED TRUST, AND ITS FAR-REACHING INFLUENCES By ALFRED HENRY LEWIS HIS shall be the story of the har- vester trust, and the harvest it reaps with the sickle of its unclean avarice. In any right chemistry of commerce, money is an acid, property an alkali; money selects, while property submits, and the consumer, not the producer, is king. And thus it was in an older day. In that hour, law was made and enforced against the man with the gun, not against his victim; and the consumer was protected from the producer. Now with the times turned topsy-turvy, plus the native selfishness of men, the producer is pro- tected, while the consumer is left to protect himself—if he can. These trusts were not all built at once, but taken a trust at a time, as the great financiers, and what others were their hungry allies, found leisure and capital for their construction. Whenever one of these commercial leeches had been given completest generation, it was taught to fasten to whatever particular vein of the body politic it had been de- signed to drain, there to cling and fatten, sucking blood. In their black-flag day, the closest students of maps and charts were the buccaneers. Their trade was pillage, and to carry it successfully forward they must know where a world in its traffic had developed its richest ports. In that manner they might locate what seas were affected by a world’s argosies, and dispose of their own pirate energies so as to cut off those argosies, and have rich advantage of them. And thus was it with. our trustmongers—the modern Drakes and Englands! They have had ever the map of men’s commerces before them, to consider what fields of profit might best be forayed next. Perhaps, of all that have swept the commercial ocean in a black-flag trade, there has been none to maintain at the masthead of its rapacity a sharper look- out for prizes than those who are now exploiting the agricultural communities. It was not to be expected, then, that so numerous and easy a prey as the agricul- tural peoples would be overlooked. Nor was it. In August, 1902, the harvester trust was resolved upon, and under the name of the International Harvester Company incorporated at Trenton. Be- ing thus launched at those old familiar shipyards of modern piracy, the New Jersey-Trenton yards, the harvester trust, without reserve or setback, has marauded agriculture ever since. As exhibiting how opulent is that field of trust endeavor, a rough review is worth while. The round production of the American farms, in figures, is each year $4,900,000,000. It is three times the gross earnings of all the railroads. It is fourfold the output of all the mines —gold, silver, iron, copper, coal. It is six times the whole capital of all the national banks. To produce that annual crop, the ag- gregate value of which is $4,900,000,000, the farmer spends yearly $100,000,000 for tools, implements and machinery, and it was for the conquest of those $100,000,000, and to turn them to its own profitable favor, that the har- vester trust was conceived. It is not too much to say that, now, in the third year of its existence, the harvester trust from those $100,000,000 pockets a yearly profit of over $40,000,000, eighty per cent. of which may be counted as merest rapine, attained by methods that would shame a footpad, and are wholly criminal in the eye of law. When the harvester trust, as the In- ternational Harvester Company, was

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incorporated, and given a license to make a prey and spoil of the farmers of the land, the real ones in interest, whether through fear of statute or shame to look folk in the face, concealed their identity behind the usual roll-call of ‘‘dummies.’’ There were perhaps ten American concerns engaged in the manufacture and sale of farm-tools and -machinery when the harvester trust was formed, and of these the Deering, the McCor- mick, the Milwaukee, the Plano and the Champion companies were included therein. The list carried the largest plants in the country. There have been added to it since, the ‘‘Minnie,’’ the Aultman & Miller and the D. M. Os- borne companies. As now framed, the harvester trust controls over nine-tenths of the farm-implement trade, and by methods of extortion, constriction and lawbreaking, so dominates the market situation as to compel what opposition is struggling against it to do business at a loss. The mighty peril to this country lies in the ignorance of the rich. If, in aiming a blow at that ignorance, one were disposed to lay out a course of study for the trusts, a best book to put before them would be the fables of A#sop. But, if one may be permitted to leave for a brief moment the trail of the har- vester trust—we shall return to it presently—to preach a general warning, it can with as good a justice be said that, next in the list of popular perils to that great one of the ignorance of the rich, stands the ignorance or lazy indifference of the common herd. If laws were enforced, and courts and state lawyers did the duty for the per- formance of which they draw their pay, the trust so called could not practise its thimbleriggery. If such as the har- vester trust were limited to lawful methods, and confined in their dollar- hunting to what honest rules of the chase are set forth in the public’s statutes, not a bit of harm would come from them. It is only when they become criminals, defy justice, stifle competition by villain means, and enslave a market in the teeth of law, that prices go up, quality and quantity go down, and the A TRUST IN AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS 667 consumer-public is plundered in two ways at once. There is a multiplied reason for en- forcing the law against vicious companies that seek success by criminal means. If unchecked in their lawbreaking, they, by the very profits of their malefactions, compel honest folk in the same com- mercial walk to a choice between bank- ruptcy and the adoption of their felon courses. To seek for illustration in another theater of trade: Once I was in the soft-coal country about Pittsburg in search of information touching mines. I traveled through those regions known as Tom’s Run and the Banning. The coal-miners were being obviously robbed by the mine- owners, with company houses, company stores, lying scales and crooked screens. The robbery of the miner by the coal- operator was the rule; if the exception existed, it escaped my ken. One of the mine-owners was good enough to ex- plain: ‘*There are,’’ said he, ‘‘but few honest men among coal-mine operators; and yet there are fewer still who wouldn’t prefer to deal honestly with the men if they could. This is the trouble: As- sume that I’m an honest operator, and do not in any fashion gouge or skin my miners. My coal, then, at the tipple, will cost me sixty cents per ton. Sup- pose that next to me is a rival mine- operator who is robbing his miners by company stores, company cottages, dia- mond screens and fraudulent scales, and that the aggregate of his robberies reduces the expense of mine-operation so that he gets his coal to the tipple for fifty cents per ton. You will see that such a condition gives him an advantage over me in the market of ten cents a ton. Do you realize what that advantage means? It means one of three things. I must either quit the business, drift into bankruptcy or rob the men. That is why the mine-operators cheat the miners. The thievish small per cent. among the operators go into it of their own evil will; the others are thereby driven or dragged into it to save them- selves.”’ What is true of the coal business is ”

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668 equally true of the farm-tool companies, and every other phase of trust expres- sion. If one of them be permitted to have criminal advantage of freight re- bates from railroads so as to strangle competition, or in short to do any other dishonest or unlawful act that pays a profit, it can cut the market from be- neath the feet of what rival upright concerns deny themselves those crooked privileges. Wherefore, when one of these is guilty of crime it should be pun- ished, and the nest of its iniquities be broken up. To fail of the law’s en- forcement against such trade banditti is to put the honest company at the mercy of the dishonest company, protect the brigand and offer a reward for crime. You doubt the supremacy, among their trade fellows, of those trust crim- inals I’ve described. You cannot believe that the wrong-doer would control the right-doer. You fall back upon an aphorism, and say that honesty is ever the best (i. e., strongest) policy. One is not so sure of that proverb of the copy-books. Lamb once wrote an essay in its refutation. Also, many of our most profound scoundrels are our richest men. In a barrel of apples, do the sound ones cure the rotten ones? Or does decay spread into a kind of triumph of corruption, until every sound apple in the barrel is infected of that rottenness which at first was inherent in and belonged only to one? When the _ $120,000,000 harvester trust was on its feet, and ready to trans- act its ebon destinies, its first thought— the first trust thought—was to ever strangle competition. It would kill off rivalry; this it might accomplish in divers ways. The best and earliest move in doing this was to begin life as a criminal, and commence by breaking the law. This need not cause a shock; it should be kept constantly before one, as a defense against shocks, that the great purpose of trust conception is crime, and to de- stroy competition by defying law. The trust spirit—indeed the impulse of its conception—is to destroy com- petition, and secure to itself a monopoly by whatever methods, criminal or law- A TRUST IN AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS ful, may lie at nearest hand. In this behalf, the trust’s first effort is addressed to the railroads. If it can force a rebate in freight-rates, and have its product distributed at a lower cost than can its rivals, that will be all the advantage it requires. It can use that rebate, as a thug uses cord and creese, to stab and strangle opposition. It was quite within the nature of things when, at the very dawn of its existence, our $120,000,000 harvester trust turned to railroads and freight- rates with the purpose of a rebate. To be sure, to rebate freight-rates was con- trary to law; but if you who read fancy that a trust is hampered by any respect for law, then I have written in vain. Law! The harvester trust, like all trusts, cared as little for law as a cow cares for a cobweb! It would walk through it! For what else was it or- dained? The harvester trust in approaching freight rebates waxed diplomatic, not to say forbearing. It would not rudely fall upon the law in front, breaking it perforce, and thereby outrage the sickly, sniveling sensibilities of what shallow per cent. of our citizens still stood for the majesty and sacred character of a public statute. No, it would attack the law in flank. It would not buck the center, it would go around the ends. The harvester trust would profit by football. Wherefore, it did not seize the railroads by the collar, drag them out back of the barn, and arrange a stealthy, criminal rebate with them— threatening the loss of its immense shipping business, in case any particular railroad refused. The harvester trust whipped the re- bate Satan around the statute-stump. Having billions behind it, the harvester trust bought two railways for itself. It went into the railroad business. Since most of its plants were, so to speak, within stone’s throw of Chicago, with the most remote among them no farther afield than Akron, Ohio, it pitched upon Chicago as its central point of distribu- tion. That being determined, it pro- ceeded to purchase the Illinois Northern Railroad outright, and secure’ the

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whip-hand of control in the West Pull- man Railroad Company. It also so ar- ranged that, whether a car used for the shipment of its wares were to run finally over the Alton, the Santa Fé, the Balti- more & Ohio, the Pennsylvania or any other railroad, in leaving its central depots of farm-tool supplies, it must first run a mile or two over one of those railroads it controlled. By this saga- cious practice, the harvester trust need never traffic with any railroad for a re- bate; its own railroad would be able to make the deal. It is worth, in the railroad-rate mar- ket, from two dollars to three dollars a car for the Illinois Northern Railroad to shunt in and out a car, designed for the reception of a shipment of harvester trust wares. The Illinois Northern com- pels the other railways to pay twelve dollars for that service, or from nine dollars to ten dollars more than it is worth. Since the harvester trust owns the Illinois Northern, those nine ad- vantageous dollars are as so many direct dollars in the till of the harvester trust. In this manner, on every shipment of its goods, the harvester trust, employing the Illinois Northern or the West Pull- man Railroad as a mask, succeeds to a rebate of nine dollars a car. The lawyers hired to aid trustmonger- ing believed, when they invented the above scheme, that they had created a lawful situation, and one against which the law forbidding rebates would break its teeth. In coming to that benign conclusion they overlooked a point. We live in a day when the White House, rather than the courts, construes the law. Doubtless, had some president other than Mr. Roosevelt occupied the Executive Mansion, those lawyers would have had a better chance of being right. Mr. Roosevelt, nowever, did not agree with them; he held the situation they had constructed to be a mongrel make- shift. Since he is of a militant integrity, Mr. Roosevelt made war upon it. Where- upon, with a most excellent genius for imitation, the Interstate Commerce Com- mission made war upon it also. A tree- toad will take the color of whatever it A TRUST IN AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS 669 rests upon. Everything in Washington except the Senate—and that exception is only partial—is so much like a tree- toad that, ever resting more or less upon the executive, it takes its color from a president and makes its complexion match the complexion of an administra- tion. Wherefore, observing the Roose- velt feeling, the Interstate Commission in November, 1904, at a hearing before it, used the following words: ‘“‘The International Harvester Compa- ny, owns the Illinois Northern Railroad. Whatever accrues to that company, inures to the benefit of the Harves- ter Company, its owner, alone. When any of the railway lines leading from Chicago, pays to the Illinois Northern Railroad Company $12 for the perform- ance of a switching service which is worth but $3, it gives to the International Harvester Company, the shipper of that carload of merchandise, $9. When the Santa Fé Railroad pays td the Illinois Northern $12 for moving a car loaded with the traffic of the Harvester Company, from the McCormick yards to its Corinth yard, a service which it might exact under its contract with the Illinois Northern for $1, and when it does this to obtain the traffic of the Harvester Company, it thereby grants that latter company in effect a rebate. It is guilty of an act by which an advan- tage is given, and a discrimination is produced, in favor of the Harvester Company. It is urged that all this is simply an arrangement between rail- roads, that there is no negotiation with the shipper, and no payment to the shipper. This is a mere play upon words. The Illinois Northern Railroad and the Harvester Company are one and the same thing.”’ If not alone the harvester trust, but the whole black family of trusts, pos- sessed the military intelligence of a Pawnee or a Sioux, they would read in that signal-smoke which the Interstate Commerce Commission has set up, the beginning of the end. They would realize the finish in its coming, and an- ticipate its rigors by quietly returning to the agency. And the reason they do not, is because a trust stupidity is

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670 A TRUST IN AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS greater than either a Pawnee or a Sioux stupidity. The trusts, blown and bloated of their own vanity, imagine themselves equal to a law war with the government. They forget the simplest of truths. They forget how men were not made for companies, but companies for men, and that a public, robbed into resentment, can crush them at will. They have bought legislatures, and bullied courts, and palsied district attorneys by the cold touch of their policy, until they deem the public powerless against them. Bulwarked behind their billions, and from their high ramparts of gold, they look down with contempt upon any hint of danger. They should read history. Every despot, and whether he were great or small, a Charles I or a Boss Tweed, followed a similar policy, and came finally to regret it in a prison or by block and ax. On a kindred occasion I once quoted from that Sappho of the Cumberland, Polly Hines, the poetess of the "Possum Trot, where, to a trust of her day and region, she wrote warningly: ‘*Thar’s a word to be uttered to the rich man in his pride: Which a man is frequent richest when it’s jest before he died! Thar’s a word to be uttered to the hawg a-eatin’ truck: Which a hawg is frequent fattest when it’s jest before it’s stuck !”’ No; the trusts should be guided, if not by the wisdom of history, then by the wisdom of song. For all their power, and all their money, they can be overwhelmed. More; whenever it is roundly the people’s resolution, they will be overwhelmed. It is but to open a flood-gate, break a dike, and—to steal a simile from one who is dead and under the grass-roots, and not therefore likely to complain—the people’s will, which, like the sea o’er Holland, is always in sight, will rush in and swallow them up. Having arranged with the railroad for a nine-dollar rebate per car, the harvester trust. began establishing agen- cies. You should know that, specific- ally, the harvester trust manufactures everything in the tool or implement or machinery line called for by the labor of a farm. Its output covers plows, hoes, axes, shovels, spades, harrows, cultivators, wagons, hay-rakes, gasoline- engines, threshing- machines, mowers, reapers, grain-drills, ropes, binding- twine, harness—in short anything, every- thing, that goes with modern tillage. Also, you are not to forget that from the beginning the harvester company con- trolled ninety per cent. of the American production of these wares. Having so much the upper hand in mere trade volume, the Harvester Company took its pick of the would-be agents of the country. Likewise its trade superiority enabled it to put the following ‘‘ex- clusion clause’’ into its contracts with agents: “Said agent especially agrees not to accept the agency for or be interested in the sale of any grain-binder, header, corn-binder, husker and shredder, reap- er, mower, stacker, sweep-rake, hay- rake, hay-tedder other than those manu- factured by the International Harvester Company.” The clause sets forth that in case the agent, or any partner or employee for him, violates the clause, he shall pay as a penalty to the Harvester Company, on every tool or implement sold in violation thereof, a sum which ranges from ten dollars to fifty dollars. The effect was to screw up competition to such a point that in many places it wholly disap- peared. This latter condition of things resulted in a wicked freedom for the trust, and a sort of slavery for the farmer. The trust could offer as poor an article as it pleased at what price it pleased; the farmer must buy or go without. If one of the harvester trust’s poor rivals pushed into some pet region, the trust had but to undersell it for a week or a month or a year, and it must either die or disappear. Speaking of dying, the fate of a rival concern, being the D. M. Osborne Com- pany, should be noticed; only that ambitious firm didn’t die in the usual sense, it was devoured. The harvester trust has a long battle-line of banks be- hind it. Since the farmers put their money—when they had any— into these

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banks, the harvester trust was able to open a credit system with ruralists who wanted tick. The harvester trust, for its more ex- pensive machineries, offered the farmer- purchaser one or two or three or even four years’ time, and would take his notes. These notes, coming due in the autumn, were expressively called in the trade, ‘‘one-fall,”’ ‘‘two-fall,’’ ‘‘three- fall” and ‘‘four-fall’’ notes. They were well named, and many a farmer has fall- en by them. The interest demanded ran from six to ten per cent. Since the harvester trust could borrow all the money it wanted from itself at three and four per cent., this exchange was not, from trust standpoints, a discouraging one. Practically the trust borrowed farm money for three and four per cent., and loaned it to the farms for from six to ten per cent. This scheme of credit fostered trade; the farmers, being optimists, with a rainbow ever ahead, marking with prismatic foot a pot of gold, took farm-machinery, and gave notes therefor with reckless liberality. The Osborne Company, being fiercely a rival of the harvester trust, was drawn into this game of giving time and taking notes, and not having the great banks to hold it up, was drawn in beyond its depth. To carry on the war, the Osborne Company was forced to borrow money. Its own paper came out for thousands. Since a spy system is an element of the trust system, the harvester trust was kept fully aware of the Osborne Company’s note-making. Through its line of banks, the harvester trust got quiet hands on all the Osborne Company paper it could find. Then it descended upon the Osborne Company, demanding instant payment. There must be no talk of extension; the Osbornes must pay at once. It was the old story of wolf and sheep, and the Osbornes were gobbled up. The harvester trust took the Osborne Com- pany’s scalp. Since it was not so gal- lantly picturesque as an Indian, the harvester trust did not fasten the scalp ‘to its belt. No, forsooth! Being utili- tarian, it used the hair in braiding another string for its bow. Also, about that A TRUST IN AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS 671 time, the harvester trust bought a transatlantic steamship line, and a big ropewalk in Manila. With its limitless money; with its steamships, its railroads, its rebates, its exclusive agencies, its sure control of over ninety per cent. of the plants manufacturing farm-implements and -machineries, the harvester trust within a next trio of years, as have the beef trust, the coal trust and the sugar trust in their respective fields of rapine, will have backed the last lean vestige of rivalry or opposition off the scene. Then it will have the farmers, and those one hundred million dollars which they an- nually expend for farm-implements, to itself. Under such fat, not to say foot- pad, conditions, those farmers may be prevailed upon to increase their ex- penditures to two hundred million dol- lars, while the trust, with no one to molest it or make it afraid, will be able to give less in quality, less in quantity after the frugal manner of the tobacco trust and others of the vulture brood. The harvester trust—hatched to bleed the farmer for forty million dollars of profit every year—with its railroads and its steamboats and its ropewalks in Manila, has invaded Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia and South America with its products. There it is selling them at a wholesome per cent. below what is demanded of the American agriculturist with his one-fall, two-fall, three-fall and four-fall notes at six to ten per cent. From this alien trade alone, the harvester trust cleans up a rotund yearly treasure of twenty-one million dollars. The export value of American farm-tools and -machinery in- creased, during the year just closed, over four million dollars beyond the figure of the year before; and it is safe to sub- mit, since that export was disposed of at prices widely under the prices asked for the same articles in America, that the harvester trust enjoys a fringe of profit from its home trade that in much of its illicit extravagance might better be sheared away. The trend of the trust is toward monopoly, and monopoly is feudal in its essence. If trusts persist, we shall

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672 yet have the Old Mexico scheme of peon and padrone confronting us. And yet, why should one either fear or wring one’s hands? More than once I have argued that every government, whether it be a despotism, an aristoc- racy, a monarchy or a republic, is the just expression of its people, like a flower of its stalk, and that for good or bad or black or white it is an equivalent for the popular desert. In the eternal fit- ness of things, a community of men will get man-government, a community of dogs will get dog-government. And wherefore not? Why waste a man- government on a dog-public? A dog- public should have dog-government—a kick, a kennel, a bone to gnaw and a chain to clank. The scheme of our own government is equal to the times. If there be rogues in power, wrongs in place, it is by the public’s fault. The people, like a tailor with a coat to make, has ever its destinies in its own lap, and may ballot-cut them, ballot-baste them, ballot-stitch them in whatsoever fashion, grim or gay, it will. The farmer who, like a bucolic Marco Bozzaris, is bleeding at every vein from his wounds, comes, when all is said, to be fairly the architect and the support of that system, and, ergo, of what cor- morant trusts are thereby engendered and fledged. The one hopeful thing, and one to forbid a tearful sympathy, is that he may lay it down when he will. If he wear trust fetters, he also carries the key to those fetters, and may re- lease himself. Were one permitted, like Silas Wegg, to lapse into verse, one would, when reviewing the farmer, and considering the effect of the trusts upon his fortunes, A TRUST IN AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS be tempted to quote Byron, where he steals from Waller for his lines on White: “So the struck eagle, stretched upon the plain, No more through rolling clouds to soar again, Viewed his own feather on the fatal dart And winged the shaft that quivered in his heart.”’ It is a daring flight that makes a “struck eagle’ stand for the farmer of the land; and yet, why not? And since the metaphor is settled, if the farmer, when he has done viewing his own feath- ers on the fatal dart, will turn from a contemplation of that plumage so sadly misapplied, to a consideration of the iron head of the missile—for one may assume, I take it, that the agricultural interests have been pierced through and through—he will find that the head was forged wholly of his vote for precisely the slaughtering archery wherein it has been employed. Meanwhile—for one must close—save for what threat may lurk in courts and commerce commissions, president-driven to their duty, the harvester trust, with its railroads, its steamships and its bank allies, is managing an annual ex- port trade of twenty-one million dollars; is doing a yearly domestic business of ninety million dollars; is borrowing money at three and four per cent. to loan at six to ten per cent.; is killing competition; is stifling invention as threatening expense; is pressing toward a monopoly—that commodity most sure to rust republican institutions!—and paying dividends a splinter above forty per cent. on its capital stock of one hun- dred and twenty million dollars. The whole presents a condition of fiscal bloodsucking, permitted by the people, who are as sbeep.

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“From that morning Cory became to the whole staff, . . . ‘Aunty’ °’ CORY, OF THE WOMAN'S PAGE By EDNA KENTON With drawings OU Cory,’ won’t have much to do, Mr. ’” remarked Miss Caton, en- couragingly. ‘‘I have a lot of advanced stuff pasted up. I’ve divided the ‘Answers’ into average lots, and it ought to run you for over a week, unless something goes slump out yonder, and Harris thunders for more copy. Of course he will. But you can fight it out You’re a man.’’ “You bet I am!”’ said Cory, savagely. “How the devil Rawson came to slide this blame job onto me, with Miss Den- a day of nison handing in a stickful Ay W. Glacker society drivel, and hiking round with that young jackass of a Davidson the rest of the time,I don’t fathom. No mancanrun a woman’s page, anyhow—oh, go hang!”’ He took a package of mail from his béte noire among the office-boys, and motioned him off. Already he perceived, by the leer of Willie’s wall-eye, that the news of his fall was abroad in the land. Winifred Caton smiled ominously. ‘*You’ll know women better when you’re through with this job,’’ she said, putting forth a helpful hand to sort out the let- ters. ‘‘Some of them are sixteeners— 48

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674 CORY, OF THE WOMAN’S PAGE—FICTION others are older. Most of tiuem are simpletons, of course. Once in a long while there’s a sincere call for help, the sort that keeps you awake nights. There’s a case like that now. She writes to me every week or so, from a little town down in Indiana. She has a love- affair on, and she wants to go on the stage. It’s a miserable little story. But you won’t need to bother. Never [Evening Probe,’’ picked up her handbag, and departed for the biennial meet of woman’s clubs. Cory stood wrapped in gloom. Con- found the ‘‘Probe’’! This was what came of its eternal shifting policy. Even the foreign assignment that awaited him next month lost its allurement, for it was owing to that advance that he was to begin next day to break in Davidson, the jackass aforesaid, and because of the superstition afloat that breaking in a new man meant vacation for the trainer, that he was being given the Wom- an’s Page to edit in his leisure. Just then Willie’s high- pitched voice fell on his ear. “Aunt Patience,ma’am? Yes, ma’am; right here, ma’am!’’ And Willie’s round, impudent face hung in the doorway of the tiny office till Cory slammed it savagely to on himself and his caller, a woman of plain dress and firm purpose. ‘*TI want Patience Strong,’”’ she said, curtly. “Spe ein’t @ mad, is she?’’ Without the door, which led straight to the city- room, Cory heard the “Wini ¢ - vhe ; 2 f aa i Winifred Caton laughed in the face of Cory sound of feet, a muffled mind about reading any of this stuff this week. Perhaps you’ll have to clip a little from the English weeklies. But for goodness’ sake, don’t try to annotate in cookery or fashions. Mrs. Sheldon will be on in two weeks to take complete charge. It’s too bad she can’t come now. But, thank heaven, I’m saying good-by to it for all time. Mr. Rawson is sure not to expect too much of you. So good luck, Cholly, alias Mignon Le Fevre, alias Alice Sullivan, alias Polly Spicer, alias Patience Strong, alias poor Fred Cory—good-by!’’ Then Winifred Caton laughed in the ¢ oor face of Cory, late sporting-editor of ‘“The voice or two. It was the gathering of the clan. “Oh, no,”’ he said, grimly. ‘She ain’t a man. I’m merely her nephew; but you can say anything to me— in reason,”’ he amended, a cold fear creeping over him as she laid aside her umbrella. “You look well-meanin’, young man,”’ she said, at length, ‘‘and if your aunt’s liable to be gone long, I don’t mind to tell you what I come for. My Nannie wrote her a fool letter a week back about her sweetheart and her pa and her and me. We don’t favor the young man, and Nannie did, so she up and wrote. She’s comin’ our way at last, but she

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won’t quite promise to give him up till she hears from Patience Strong. So off I slips this mornin’ to tell your aunt how she should answer Nannie in the paper, not to go ag’in her pa and me. That’s all, young man, and you put it right to your aunt, and good morning to you.” Without, the clan respectful way for ‘‘Ma’”’ as she passed on her way back to Nannie. Then Vincent, matic editor, Davidson,the new sporting man, even Rawson, city-editor, filed gladsomely in and saluted, and sealed Among her many made dra- thereby Cory’s doom. pseudonyms Miss Caton had always pre- served her own identity, but from that morning Cory became to the whole staff, down through the to the elevator-men and old Oleson, ‘‘Aunty.”’ office-boys Which added naught to his scant cup of joy. For two days Cory sent out Miss Caton’s prepared copy. On _ the third day her prophecy came true, and Harris of the composing-room thundered for more ‘‘aunty stuff,”’ and some fashion notes. Cory was a sporting man to his teeth, and the terminology of this new was strange to him. Yet he his teeth and started in to manu- facture replies to some of the letters that grew of nights to amazing piles on Miss Caton’s desk. The first one he picked up was from a young thing in southern Illinois asking ad- vice on the proper conduct of wed- craft set dings. He groaned and sought Miss Dennison, who received him with womanly compassion. “It’s a shame,’’ she declared, “to put a man on such work. But when Mr. Rawson makes up his mind, nothing will change it. There!’?’ She handed him a sheet of paper. “It’s all done, down to the menu. Cory.”’ Cory retreated to his den and opened a few more letters, all of which were filled with queries about luncheons and lawn-parties and cold- water canning processes. He con- tinued through the pile, and chose a sweet thing in shiny pink paper. Come to me again, Mr. EDNA KENTON—FICTION 675 “Dear Miss Strong:’” he read. “I have never written to you before, and I take the greatest of pleasure to drop you a few lines to ask you a few ques- tions about the stage, or the first step, or what how you begin. Or what it is makes a girl give up the love of a man she knows loves her to go on Does it show that she ought to act, or what? I have made up my mind to go to Chicago and on the deal of money dollars, which will How long will it to do, or the stage. almost I have a twenty-five stage. good saved, last me a long while. last? I can memorize quick and am a pretty girl. I could say long speeches without trouble. Where are the places girls go to when they go on the stage? Please answer quick as possible, and tell me why I cannot love this lover, and if give him up or the stage. ’ I ought to Respectfully, Maimie Morris.’ ‘Willie the wall-eyed”’

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676 CORY, OF THE WOMAN’S PAGE—FIOCTION Cory laid the letter down. This was running a Woman’s Page, was_ it? Maimie Morris, Chicago, the stage. Anda decent sort of fellow, probably, loved her! Something about that letter sent Cory into a brown study. The world was full of ’em, just such girls, and what could one do? Suddenly his face lighted up. ‘“‘By George!’’ he said, bristly. He ran rapid- ly through the remainder of the night’s crop of letters. He picked out from them perhaps six whose cuestions he could answer satisfactorily; six others that he could manage fairly well, with slight help on technical points from Miss Dennison. He managed his six ques- tions, and then sought Miss Dennison. When he returned, his quota for Harris was made up. He sent out the copy, and then brought out the pink letter. Some fifteen minutes later, he sur- veyed what he had written. ‘“My dear little girl:’’ he read, proudly. “T know you have never written to me before, although I hope to hear from you again. You ask what it is that makes a girl want to give up tke love of a good man to go on the stage. I don’t know what it is. And if you try it, you'll wonder harder than you wonder now. Even then, you probably can’t name it. I will say this, however, that it doesn’t necessarily mean that she can act. How long will twenty-five dollars last you in Chicago? Just long enough to get you into an agency—no longer. You ask a few questions about the stage, such as the first step, or what to do, or how to begin. The first step takes you into places the like of which you have never seen—dens of iniquity or robbers’ holes or pits of black despair they would be for you. Try to love him and forget it. Don’t come to Chicago.—yYour loving Patience Strong.”’ “By George!’’ said Cory, again. ‘‘That certainly will fix her right. That little hint about writing again—glad I put it in—like to see how it strikes her.’’ Two mornings later, Cory ran over his mail eagerly. Half-way down the pile he found another shiny pink en- velope. This is what he read: ‘“‘Dear Miss Strong: What sort of men are theatrical agents, and what do they do to girls getting on the stage? Must they wear tights, and what do you mean by dens of iniquity? As you have helped so many, help me now by giving me the addresses of some agent places, and ex- plain your frightening letter. Reply without fail.—Maimie Morris.’”’ “Now what,’’ mused Cory, of the Woman’s Page, ‘‘could any fool girl mean to do, judging her by that letter! Is she scared, and does she want to be scared some more; or is she working me for ad- dresses, or what the dickens is up!”’ He reflected all morning while he was making up the page. He went out to dinner with Dirke Vincent, the ‘‘Probe’s”’ dramatic critic. “Oh, they come from all over,’’ said Vincent, easily, after he had listened to Cory’s tale of Maimie Morris. ‘‘Haven’t you seen that pretty little piece of femininity in and out after me for a week now? She’s come up from God knows where to get on. Wants Camille and Lady Macbeth, you know, when her size prohibits forever anything but sou- brette work. I’ve got my sister-in-law to blame for this piece of bother, too— mighty competent woman is Jane, but has a heavy faculty of making others finish up a lot of what she begins. Jane ran into this little piece at a girl’s lodg- ing-house down near the Illinois Cen- tral station, where they take ’em in for the night, ten cents a bed and five cents for breakfast, and then turn ’em loose till night again. So Jane sent her round to me, and she’s still coming. Throw it into this girl hard, Cory. She’s asked for facts—then tell ’em. They never want ’em when they ask for ’em—but tell ’em. ‘You can hide behind your delicate female personality, and beat Miss Caton at her own game. Tell her what beasts she’ll meet with, and that she can’t break into legit. Tell her she’s got to wear tights—that fixes a great lot of ’em.”’ ‘Well, now,’’ said Cory, enthusiastic- ally, “I’ll just write and tell her facts. Coming from Patience Strong, it’ll do her good, won’t it, now?’’

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So that afternoon Cory pored over his typewriter, and of facts he gave Mamie Morris fourscore and ten. Theat- rical business is hydra-headed, but Cory passed by all those members which seemed to smile, and gave her instead EDNA KENTON—FICTION desk. Dirke Vincent was laboring with a too persistent press-agent in his corner, and Rawson was talking to Davidson and a reporter. Suddenly Willie the wall-eyed came down the center of the room, wearing his cynical leer. ‘“**T want Patience Strong,’ she said, curtly. ‘She ain’t a man, is she?’”’ only those which appal and distract. It happened the next afternoon that, at five o’clock, Cory was still lounging in the city-room. Most of the reporters ‘“‘Here’s Maimie Morris—wants to see Aunt Patience, quick!’’ Cory gave a jump of anguish, while his associates laughed, and turned—to had knocked off work for the day. A face a pale, country-clad, determined- few readers still lingered at the copy- looking young man, who stared at i j } | | } | |

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678 CORY, OF THE WOMAN’S PAGE—FICTION Cory in his turn, as if he clearly de- tected a split heel through that young gentleman’s tan shoes. Cory swallowed hard. ‘“‘Where’s M —Miss Morris?’’ he stam- mered. ‘‘You’1e not——’’ “That’s correct,’ said the country boy. ‘‘And I see clear you ain’t Miss Patience Strong. It kind o’ looks like a case of lay low on both sides. But all I want is the human being who wrote them letters to another that called itself Maimie Morris. Is it you?’’ ““Yes,’’ owned. Cory, dejectedly, with ‘“*“*The man liked me—he said he would take me—then he took all my money’”’ no shred of resourceful lying at his command. “They was good letters,’’ remarked the youth. ‘‘They was double-extra-good letters, and I ain’t got a kick coming, even if they was writ by a six-foot man. Especially as I was the man that wrote the letters they answered. I ain’t the girl you thought you was writing to, but I’m her sweetheart all right. She’s Jessie Heath, that’s been writing to Miss Patience Strong for some time now, about whether to go on the stage or not, and she read me her letters, but wouldn’t give me a squint at Miss Strong’s. So I up and decides to git a girl’s side of the case if I could, and I made out like I was Maimie Morris. Them letters you wrote back made fearful reading for me, for it’s a week now since Jessie come up here, with no address left behind, to spend her little twenty-five do:lars ss ‘‘What’s this, Cory?’’ broke in Raw- son, curtly. ‘‘Who’s the story on?”’’ ‘‘Me,’’ said Cory, briefly. ‘It’s a corking good one, too. You give me a man for to-night, and I’ll——’”’ “What’ll you do?” asked the country youth, swiftly. ‘‘We’ll find the girl, that’s what we’ll do,’’ said Cory. ‘‘We’ll scour the town to- night, and run down some of those agen- cies — gosh, but it’s good!”’ “I don’t want no monkey-work in this,’’ broke in the boy, fiercely. ‘‘You’re takin’ holt amazin’ quick for city folks. I’m goin’ to save her from the rottenness you swore was waitin’ fer her on every cor- ner—and I don’t want no help that don’t look to the same thing.’’ “This thing’s lively as arattlesnake,”’ said Rawson, suddenly. ‘‘Work it up to beat hell. Take that boy’s picture. Get a picture of the girl. Keep the story quiet, too; it needn’t be a police thing yet awhile. You fellows ought to be able to run it yourselves.”’ The country youth had slowly drawn out a cheap, glazed photograph of a girl. “This is her,’’ he said. ‘She wouldn’t give her own name, though. Probably she’d call herself Angelique Keator, or Ethel Maude, or something like that.”’

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7 ° H = O tH 7 a ° HH 7, {3 i a 7 A 63} “The wedding that was celebrated at six o’clock in the city-room of ‘The Evening Probe’ was complete in its main details”

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680 ‘‘Winifred Caton has been writing toa girl named Angelique Keator,’’ broke in Miss Dennison just here. ‘‘She’s been trying to get her to stay home and marry the man she loves.”’ “That’s me, ma’am,’’ said the country boy, simply. ‘She loves me all right, but she won’t own toit. If the woman you spoke of is another of your Miss Patiences on here, she’s the one that’s .-been writing to Jessie. And this man here that calls himself Miss Patience, he scared me plumb out of a year’s growth. So here I be, to stay till I take Jess back.”’ “Why didn’t she come straight to Miss Patience, then,’’ asked Dirke Vin- cent quickly, “if she’d been writing to her?’’ “‘She’d ’a’ fell dead if she had,”’ re- sponded her lover seriously, as he scanned Cory’s frame. ‘‘I dunno why she didn’t come. Say, d’ye think we’ll git her?”’’ According to Rawson, the next de- velopment almost spoiled the story, having the air of being too palpably made up in the office by the youngest reporter. For Dirke Vincent suddenly grabbed Cory’s arm. He had been staring abstractedly at the photograph. “You don’t forget the yarn I told you yesterday?”’ he said. ‘‘The names are ’way off, but this photograph fits to the dot of ani. Look yonder!” He pointed toward the door leading to the outer corridor. They all turned. A girl was standing in the doorway. Her face was chalky-white, and her eyes were wide apart and scared. She was little and slender and brown-eyed and curly- haired. She was arguing with the despot Willie. “Oh, but I must see Miss Patience Strong, if she’s come back,’’ she said, huskily. ‘‘She wrote me she’d be here after a week. Orelse Mr. Vincent—tell him it’s—Una Hudson again.”’ Cory caught back the country boy in a practised grip, while Dirke Vincent went quickly over to the girl. In the silence, every word was heard. “What is it?’’ Vincent asked her, gently. The girl stared vacantly, and then she put her hands up to her shamed face. CORY, OF THE WOMAN’S PAGE—FICTION “I — answered — an advertisement,”’ she said, pitifully, ‘‘to-day—it was for girls, small girls—-under a hundred pounds—to come to a place on Dear- born Street—to join a ballet—for the road—for dancing—the man liked me —he said he would take me—then he took all my money—for my clothes—he said “Tell me where it was,’’ said Vincent, quietly. He passed the scribbled ad- dress over to Rawson, who took it asa pearl of price. ‘‘Now goon. What did he do then?’’ “‘He’’— the girl gasped pitifully—‘‘for my—clothes, he said—and then he—told me what they were going to be—and that I must be—measured Cory’s grip availed nothing any longer, for with one savage spring the country boy was across the room, holding the shaking girlin hisarms. ‘‘Honey, honey, honey!’ they heard him say over and over again, the words half drowned by her hysterical sobbings. “‘Well,’’ said Rawson, his voice oddly soft, yet keen, ‘‘there’s some juice bound to be squeezed out of that ad anyway. It was in the ‘Morning Cry’—I had it looked up. Wha’d you think of a regular show-up of those agencies, eh? I’ll see McKinlock. It’ll be racy read- ing, and full of juice. It’s your story, Cory, if you want to work it up—find out the end of that before they go.’’ He nodded toward the two lovers, stand- ing in the doorway. Evidently the ‘‘Probe’’ atmosphere was oozing dramatic situations that afternoon, for the country lover turned at that moment and faced the room. ‘‘We’re goin’ to be married right away, gentlemen,’’ he remarked, coolly. ‘‘And bein’ as I’m strange here, it’ll add to all you have done and meant to do if you'll kindly direct us to the license-man and a minister.’’ Miss Dennison brought her hands to- gether softly. ‘‘Doctor Greggsmith is in Mr. McKinlock’s office!’ she ex- claimed. ‘“‘Why not——’’ She hesi- tated a moment, and then she went up to the girl, standing with her face against the cool wall. When she turned back and faced the city-room, 48

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oes Seem she wore the air of a general in com- mand. “She would rather be married here than anywhere else,’’ Miss Dennison an- nounced. ‘‘Mr. Vincent, suppose you take this young man over to the City Hall and get the license; and, Mr. Raw- son, would you go down and ask Mr. Mc- Kinlock to excuse Doctor Greggsmith for a little while—in fifteen minutes, say?”’ There were some other directions, which do not matter here, but which set the entire office busily to work. Then Miss Dennison, having given her city- editor his assignment in the case, pro- ceeded down the hall to interview com- petently her managing editor, the brute McKinlock, and later, Mr. Marvin, owner and publisher of the ‘‘Probe.”’ In consequence thereof, the wedding that was celebrated at six o’clock in-the city-room of ‘‘The Evening Probe’”’ was complete in its main details. Young Davidson had gone mad temporarily to the extent of ordering up a bushel or so of carnations, which he and Miss Den- nison hastily arranged. The agency had proved ‘‘juicy,’’ and the ‘‘Probe’’ had the story—it also had the little would-be actress’ money, already folded in an envelope and directed to Mrs. ‘THE LOVER—IN APRIL 681 Hiram Buckley, to be presented after the ceremony. In addition, the ‘‘Probe”’ had made up a hurried money gift, thanks to Miss Dennison’s fearless re- quests of low and high alike. And Dr. Eberly Greggsmith, perhaps the most prominent clergyman of the town, re- mained and read the service. “Well, for an amateur, you’ve cleared up a pretty fair swath,’’ remarked Mc- Kinlock to Cory, as that young gentle- man started back to his desk after the bridal couple had departed in a carriage for their hotel for a week’s honey- mooning in the city, all by courtesy of the ‘‘Probe.’”’ “A very fair Aunt Patience,’’ added Mr. Marvin, genially. ‘‘You’re very good, sir,’’ said Cory, writhing. ‘I doubt, myself, if Miss Caton could have put up a better piece of work.”’ ‘‘Nevertheless,’’ remarked the brute McKinlock, “I’m happy to tell you that after to-morrow you can devote your entire energies to working up this dra- matic-agency show-up. Mrs. Sheldon will be in then, to take the Woman’s Page off your hands—and in the mean time let the correspondence slide. Fool’s luck doesn’t always last.’’ THE LOVER-—IN APRIL By CHARLES HANSON TOWNE TuHou hast come back to me! (Thou who didst die a year ago And slept so many days beneath the snow), Thou hast come back to me. Now that the buds break on the hawthorn-tree, And the old gladness of the earth revives, Thou hast come back to me In the dear hyacinth and white anemone. The spring’s great resurrection is thine own! This fragrance of young blossoms is thy breath ; This silence is thy spiritual tread— Thou art no longer dead ! Who is it, dear, that saith Thy body is in the bondage of strong death ? Nay, from the darkness, on the light winds blown, Thou hast come back to me In the dear hyacinth and white anemone !

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THE ROTATION OF CROPS By L. H. BAILEY, Director of the College of Agriculture, Cornell University LL agriculture depends on the in- creasing, or at least on the main- taining, of the productiveness of crops. The general means of increasing produc- tiveness are four: tillage; fertilizing the land; rotation of crops; breeding of plants, whereby better and more pro- ductive varieties are secured. The term ‘‘rotation of crops’’ is used to designate a system of recurring suc- cession of plants covering a regular period of years, and maintained on alter- nating fields of the farm. Its purpose is primarily to increase the productive- ness of the various crops by conserving the fertility of the soil and eliminating weeds, pests and crop-diseases. All farmers practise rotation to some ex- tent, but usually it is imperfect and unplanned. In most parts of the North- ern states it is common practice to have oats follow corn, and wheat follow oats. Definite rotation is usually a practice of old and well-settled countries, where the virgin fertility of the soil has been somewhat depleted and new lands are not to be had. In most new countries, the husbandry is at first haphazard and unscientific. The land is exploited. Fertility is seemingly exhaustless and little attention is given to conserving it. The land is robbed, and the robber moves on. But when the land must be used over and over again, century by century, the farmer looks to the future and lays out a plan that will cause his land to increase in value. The rotation of crops will be a subject of increasing importance in North America. These remarks are well illustrated in the depletion of lands once devoted to tobacco and cotton. Wheat-production constantly moves westward. George Washington wrote to Arthur Young, in England, as follows, in 1787: ‘‘Before I undertake to give the in- formation you request, respecting the arrangements of farms in this neighbor- hood, &c. I must observe that there is, perhaps, scarcely any part of America, where farming has been less attended to than in this state [Virginia]. The culti- vation of tobacco has been almost the sole object with men of landed property, and consequently a regular course of crops have never been in view. The general custom has been, first to raise a crop of Indian corn [maize] which, according to the mode of cultivation, is a good preparation for wheat; then a crop of wheat; after which the ground is respited (except from weeds, and every trash that can contribute to its foulness) for about eighteen months; and so on, alternately, without any dressing, till the land is exhausted; when it is turned out, without being sown with grass-seeds, or reeds, or any method taken to restore it; and another piece is ruined in the same manner. No more cattle is raised than can be supported by lowland meadows, swamps &c. and the tops and blades of Indian corn; as very few persons have attended to sowing grasses, and connecting cattle with their crops. The Indian corn is the chief support of the labourers and horses. Our lands, as I mentioned in my first letter to you, were originally very good; but use, and abuse, have made them quite otherwise. “The above is the mode of cultivation which has been generally pursued here. but the system of husbandry which has been found so beneficial in England, and which must be greatly promoted by your valuable Annals, is now gaining ground. There are several (among which I may class myself), who are endeavouring to get into your regular and systematic course of cropping, as fast as the nature of the business shall admit; so that I hope in the course of a few years, we shall make a more respectable figure as farmers, than we have hitherto done.” A significant part of Washington’s letter is the statement that land was “respited’’ for eighteen months. He meant that the land was allowed to lie idle, or fallow. It is an old notion that

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land ‘‘rests’’? when allowed to go wholly uncropped; and, in fact, it is true that the succeeding crops may be better for the fallow, but in most instances equally good results can be secured by other means and without the loss of a year’scrop. The fallow was a regular part of early rotation practices. Fallowing was employed by the Jews, Greeks and Romans. It is common in many large parts of Russia and other countries to- day. Vergil advises: ‘*On the alternate seasons hold thine arm, And the field new gathered assail thou not. Suffer it rather for so long to lie Fallow and thirsty, under the parching sky.”’ A general rotation-practice in Europe in Roman times, outside of Italy, was: 1, Naked fallow; 2, autumnal grain; 8, spring grain. In special cases, and in regions of in- sufficient rainfall, fallowing is still an allowable practice; but in general it belongs to a rude and unresourceful type of agriculture. In most of the humid regions of this country the prac- tice, if employed at all, is diminished to “summer fallowing,’’ whereby the period of idleness is reduced to a minimum. The summer fallow was formerly often employed in order to fit the land for wheat. The land was kept in more or less clean and free tillage from spring till fall, without crop, for the purpose of destroying weeds and of putting it in good condition of preparation. With improved tillage-implements and well- planned rotations, these results usually can be secured without resort to fallow. There is no dispute as to the value of rotation of crops. The only differ- ences of opinion are in respect to its feasibility in particular cases and the merits and demerits of the different courses. Many scientific experiments have reenforced common experience as to the importance of rotation, particu- larly in recuperating old lands. Ex- periments made at the famous station at Rothamsted, England, are perhaps the most conclusive, because of the long period through which they have run. Wheat was grown on the same land for sixty-two consecutive years and the crop. yielded at the end of that time only THE ROTATION OF CROPS 683 about one-fourth as much per acre as wheat grown on similar land for fifty-two years as a part of a four-course rotation. In both cases the land was not fertilized. At the Louisiana Experiment Station it was found, as a result of eleven years’ work with a three-course rotation (first year corn, second year oats followed by cow-peas, third year cotton), that the yield increased from twelve to twenty-five per cent., even without the application of manure. In another part of the same experiment, manure was applied and the general increase in yield was four hundred to five hundred per cent. This shows that a plain rotation is itself ca- pable of increasing yield, but that the greatest increase is to be expected by a combination of rotation and manuring. The first rotation-farming to gain wide attention in North America seems to have been the so-called Norfolk sys- tem. This was chiefly a four-crop rota- tion employed on the light lands of Nor- folk, England, and which had grown up during along course of years. A century and more ago this system was explained by writers and thereby became widely known, the more so because at that time the American agricultural literature was drawn chiefiy from English sources. The exact rotation itself—comprising roots, barley, clover, wheat, in various combinations—was of less importance to the American colonies than the fact that attention was called to the value of rotation-farming in general. At the same epoch another system of farming practice was also coming in from English sources. This was the clean-tillage sys- tem introduced by the epoch-making experiments of Jethro Tull in tilling land by means of horse-implements. Tull taught that plants subsist by taking in the minute particles of soil, and it naturally followed that the smaller the particles the more freely and easily could they be utilized by the roots. The value of thorough -tillage depended, therefore, merely on the comminution or making fine of the soil. Tull first wrote in 1733. His philosophy was erroneous, but his practice was correct. In a modified way, this teaching came later to be known as the Lois-Weedon system

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684 THE ROTATION OF CROPS of husbandry. Between the discussions of the Tull ‘‘new husbandry”’ and the Norfolk rotations, agricultural practices were overhauled in the new country. But the questions concerned with meth- ods of tilling the soil and with cropping schemes are still as important as ever, because they lie at the foundation of all resourceful agriculture and are always modified in details by discoveries of science and by the demands of changing civilization. REASONS WHY ROTATION INCREASES PRODUCTIVENESS One of the early explanations of the good results of rotation of crops was the doctrine that some plants exhaust the soil of certain materials which are not needed by other plants; therefore the value of rotation depended on securing such a combination of crops as would in time utilize all the elements of the soil. There is, of course, some truth in this teaching, but we now know that the question is by no means one of so-called exhaustion alone. Another explanation was found in the theory that roots excrete certain substances that are noxious to the plants excreting them and innocuous or even beneficial to other plants. The ex- cretory theory was taught early in the past century by the renowned Swiss botanist, Pyramus de Candolle. It was no doubt a suggestion from the animal kingdom. This theory was prac- tically given up before the middle of the past century. Yet it is most inter- esting to find recent experiments in England on the growing of grass in orchards leading to the suggestion that one plant may exert some influence on the soil deleterious to another plant. It is believed that this influence, how- ever, is biological rather than chemical —in some way, perhaps, concerned with the little-understood germ-life of the soil. The minute biological interrela- tionships of plants are certain to be the subjects of much investigation. Some of the reasons why rotation- farming is advantageous may now be mentioned. 1. One crop tends to correct the faults of another crop. The continuous growing of one crop usually results in the injuring of the soil in some respect; a rotation tends to overcome and elimi- nate such effects. It evens up and works out the inequalities. The general average of many or several kinds of treatment is better than the effects of one treatment. 2. Plants differ considerably in the proportions of the different kinds of foods that they take from the soil. They make the maximum of their draft on the soil at different times in the year, there- by allowing the progress of the seasons to even up the inequalities. 3. By a judicious choice of crops, dif- ferent plant-food materials may be in- corporated in the soil in available con- dition, through the decay of the parts plowed under or left in the ground. The most marked benefit in this direction comes from the incorporation of nitrogen compounds through the use of legu- minous plants. These plants have the power, by means of their root nodules, of fixing the free atmospheric nitrogen of the soil; and the new compounds are turned back to the soil in condition to be utilized by plants that do not have the power to appropriate the nitrogen of the air. Since nitrogen is the most expensive and usually the most easily lost of the plant-food elements that the farmer has to buy, this rdle of the legu- minous plants is most important. It is significant that most of the early ro- tations, developing before rational ex- planations of them could be given, comprised some legume. The legumes, or pulse-crops, comprise all the clovers, alfalfa, cow-peas, peas, beans, lupines, and the like. 4. Some plants have the power, more than others, to utilize the content of the subsoil. Such plants may not only make less proportionate draft on the upper soil, but by their decay may add to the richness of such soil. It has been determined, for example, that lupines are able to take more food from the subsoil than oats. Most of the legumes have similar power, largely because of their deep-rooting habit; and this affords additional explanation

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of the good results accruing from the use of such plants in the rotation. 5. A rotation of crops can be so planned as to maintain the supply of humus in the soil. This humus, coming from the decay of organic matter, adds to the plant-food content of the soil and, what is usually more important, exerts a great influence in securing a proper physical texture of the land. The humus is chiefly supplied by the grass- crops and clover-crops in the rotation. The practice of ‘‘green-manuring’”’ rests chiefly on the need of supplying humus. Green-manure crops are those that are grown for the special purpose of being turned under, root and top, and are not usually a definite part of the rotation; but, so far as it goes, the root-and-stubble part of similar crops employed in the rotation answers the same purpose. 6. Well-considered rotation schemes reduce the necessity of excessive use of concentrated or chemical fertilizers. On the other hand, they may utilize such fertilizers to greater advantage than do the continuous-cropping schemes, as has been well shown by the Ohio Ex- periment Station. 7. A good rotation provides for the making of farm manures, because it grows crops for the feeding of live stock. As a general practice, it is better to market the hay- and straw-crops in the form of animals or animal-products than to put them on the market directly; for the farmer not only has the oppor- tunity to make an extra profit by an extra process, but he gains the manure with which to maintain the fertility of his lands. He raises the crop to feed his stock to secure manure to raise a better crop. In the maintaining of fertility, the live-stock farmer has the great ad- vantage of the horticulturist or other special farmer, for the latter must resort to special practices or special purchases in order to maintain the producing power of his land. 8. Rotation is a cleaning process. Certain weeds follow certain crops. Chess and cockle are common weeds in old wheat-lands. The life-cycle of these plants is so similar to that of wheat that they thrive with the wheat; THE ROTATION OF CROPS 685 and the seeds may not be removed from wheat-seed in the ordinary cleaning process. These weeds are soon elimi- nated by the grass-course in the rotation, or by some clean-tillage course. Most weeds are eradicated in the course of a good rotation; in fact, a rotation can- not be considered to be good unless it holds the weeds in check. With crops which are not grown as a part of a rotation, as rice, it is sometimes neces- sary to interject another crop for a year or two in order to clean the land. Insects and plant-diseases follow cer- tain crops. There are no insects or diseases that follow all crops. Therefore a rotation cleans the fields of many of these troubles and pests. Nearly all continuous-cropping schemes run upon these difficulties sooner or later. A short and sharp rotation, for example, is the best means of contending with wireworms. It is not uncommon some- times to find onions failing year after year in the best onion-regions. The trouble is likely to be due to pests or diseases. ‘Two or three years of celery or other crop may clean up the difficulty. The horticulturist is particularly liable to suffer from insects and plant-diseases, especially if he is an orchardist, because he cannot well practise a definite rota- tion. The larger part of the spraying devices and materials are devised to meet the necessities of the horticulturist. 9. A rotation allows the farmer to meet the needs of the staple markets by providing a continuous and predictable output. 10. Rotation-farming develops a con- tinuous and consecutive plan of busi- ness. It maintains the continuity of farm labor, and reduces the economic and social difficulties that arise from the employing of many men at one time and few men at another time. ROTATION PRACTICES Just what rotation scheme shall be adopted in any case must depend on many local and special considerations. What some of these considerations are may be briefly discussed. (a) The rotation must adapt itself to the farmer’s business—to the support

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686 of live stock if he is a dairyman or stock-farmer, to the demands of the prain trade if he is a grain-farmer, to the cotton-market if he is in a cotton-region. (b) It must adapt itself to the soil and the fertility problem. Often the chief purpose of a rotation is to recuper- ate worn and depleted lands. In such case, the frequent recurrence of legu- minous humus crops is preeminently desirable. (c) The fertilizer question often modi- fies the rotation—whether manure can be purchased cheaply and in abundance or whether it must be made on the place. (d) The kind of soil and the climate may dictate the rotation. (e) The labor supply has an important bearing on the character of the rotation- course. The farmer must be careful to plan to keep the number of plowings and the amount of cultivating within the limits of his capabilities. (f) The size of the farm, and whether land can be rented for pasturage, are also determinants. It is not profitable to grow the cereals and some other crops on small areas; in fact, rotation-farm- ing is chiefly successful with large-area crops. (g) In the future more than in the past, the rotation must be planned with reference to the species of plants that will best serve one another, or produce the best interrelationship results. (h) The rotation must consider in what condition one crop will leave the soil for the succeeding crop, and how one crop can be seeded with another crop. One reason why wheat is still so gener- ally grown in the East is because it is a good ‘‘seeding crop’’; grass and clover are seeded with it, and it therefore often makes a rotation practicable. In some parts of the East, rye takes the piace of winter wheat in the rotation-course. Every careful farmer soon comes to know that a certain tilth or condition of soil may be expected to result from certain crops. Thus buckwheat has a marked effect on hard-pan soils, leaving them mellow and ashlike. The explanation of this action of buckwheat is unknown. Potato-growers who have hard land like to grow buckwheat as a preparation THE ROTATION OF CROPS for potatoes, although buckwheat is rarely a regular part of a rotation. Win- ter wheat commonly follows oats, for the reason that the oats are harvested early enough to allow the sowing of wheat in the fall. However, barley is considered to be a better preparation- crop for wheat, as it comes off the land earlier and does not deplete the moist- ure content of the soil so much; it there- fore usually allows the making of a better seed-bed for the wheat. It must be remembered that the rotation is not confined to a single field. If a perfect system is practised, there must be as many equal fields concerned in the rotation as there are years in the course, so that every crop is grown on some part of the farm every year. The farm is therefore laid off into shifts or blocks. It is unusual, however, that a farm is sufficiently uniform in surface and soil to allow of such a perfect ar- rangement, and consequently the out- put of the various crops varies from year to year. Of course, it is not ex- pected that the entire farm is to be laid under a rotation system. Parts of it will be needed for gardens, orchards, woods, permanent pasture, and for special crops. Not all the crops of the farm are adapted to rotation. The cereal- and hay-crops are most adaptable. Cotton ordinarily is not a part of a rotation- scheme; and this is one reason why cot- ton-lands so soon become ‘‘exhausted.”’ The adopting of a short and good rota- tion, in which cotton would be the pivot crop, would no doubt add immeasur- ably to the wealth of the Southern states. Some crops occupy the land for a series of years and therefore do not often become parts in a rotation. Of such is alfalfa, now largely grown in the West and rapidly working its way into the East. But even this crop will probably tend more and more to occupy a place in rotation-courses; and in the South (and even in other regions) this may be enforced in order to overcome disease. Usually a rotation contains at least one ‘‘money-crop,’’ that finds a direct and ready market; one clean-tilled

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crop; one hay- or straw-crop; one legu- minous crop. Formerly the manure was applied mostly to one crop in the rotation, but the tendency now seems to be to distribute the application of some kind of fertilizer throughout the various years of the course. Some crops, however, may receive the coarse manure, others the fine or rotted manure, and others the chemical fertilizer. It is now believed that there is advantage in rotation of fertilizers. In the Norfolk system, manure is usually applied heav- ily with the root-course. Grass-crops follow clean-tilled or ‘‘exhaustion”’ crops. Pasturing eliminates the weeds of tillage, compacts the land following tillage- practice, and provides manure in the droppings of the animals. The leguminous rotation-crops most used in North America are red clover and cow-peas. The clover is adapted to the humid North, cow-peas to the South. The use of the cow-pea is ma- king a new epoch in the Southern states. It supplies the missing link in the rota- tion, and makes humus; it adds nitrogen, obviating the necessity of depending on chemical fertilizers alone, which has been such an undesirable practice in the South. Nearly all special crops can be grown without rotation, because the market value of their products is so high that the grower can afford to resort to extra manuring and other expensive practices in order to keep the land in good heart. This is the chief reason for the excessive use of stable-manure in market-garden- ing, a use which usually far exceeds the needs of the crops in mere plant-food. When the land is not too high-priced, it is a practice with gardeners to ‘“‘rest’’ part of the land now and then in clover. Orchards do not lend themselves readily to rotation, although peaches generally do not follow peaches directly nor apples follow apples. In order to supply the humus to these lands and at the same time to secure the benefits of tillage, the practice of cover-cropping has lately come into vogue. This is the use of some quick-growing crop that can be sown in midsummer or later, after tillage is completed; this is plowed under early THE ROTATION OF CROPS 687 the following spring. Acceptable cover- crops are crimson clover, vetches, peas, rye, and sometimes buckwheat, rape or cereals. A cropping-course that has been much recommended of late years is the Terry rotation, named for T. B. Terry, a prominent farmer of Ohio. This is a three-year course: 1, Clover; 2, potatoes; 3, winter wheat. This rotation ‘‘keeps the land mov- ing.”’ It repeats clover every third year and thereby becomes a great re- juvenator of the land. A course that has been practised for many years by the College of Agriculture at Cornell University is as follows: 1, Wheat, with 8-10 tons of manure per acre (yields of wheat 30 to 40 bush- els); 2, clover and timothy one year (mown twice, yielding up to 5} tons per acre); 3, corn, manured, cut for silage (yielding 8-10 ton per acre); 4, oats (40 to 50 bushels per acre). The above rotation was devised large- ly to increase the productiveness of unprofitable land. A good rotation for weedy land is as follows: 1, Sod, 1 year; 2, corn; 3, potatoes or some other clean-tilled crop; 4, oats or barley. A common rotation in the corn-belt states is: 1, 2, corn; 3, wheat or oats; 4, 5, 6, timothy and clover. A frequent five-course rotation, where soil and climate are not so well adapted to corn, is as follows: 1, Corn; 2, oats; 3, wheat; 4, 5, timo- thy and clover. In potato- and dairy-regions of New England, the following is in use: 1, Potatoes; 2, 3, corn; 4. 5, 6, clover and grass. In grain- and sugar-beet-regions the following is sometimes employed: 1, Sugar-beets; 2, barley; 3, clover; 4, wheat. For the maintenance of much live stock the following is recommended: 1, Silage corn; 2, oats; 3, wheat; 4, clover. The Rothamsted course, mentioned

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688 THE ROTATION OF CROPS at the beginning of this article, is as follows: 1, Rutabaga; 2, barley; 3, beans or clover; 4, wheat. The Rhode Island Experiment Station has published the results of three-year, four-year and five-year rotations and fertilizing on light and much-exhausted soils. The three-year rotation was as follows: winter rye sown the fall the potatoes were dug, followed the next spring with red clover. The rye was cut for grain and straw, and the suc- ceeding year the clover was cut for hay. After having been cut one year, the clover was then turned down and potatoes planted. It was, therefore, a rotation of 1, Potatoes; 2, winter rye; 3, clover. A report of the experiment was made after two courses, that is, after the ex- periment had run two rounds, or six years, in part as follows: ‘In the first course of the three-year rotation the yields of merchantable potatoes upon plots 11, 14 and 13 were but 60, 117 and 75 bushels per acre, respectively. In the second course of the rotation the yields were 233, 193 and 268 bushels per acre, respectively. These increased yields illustrate well the improvement in the condition of the soil. ‘‘During the first course of the rotation the value of the crops was less than the total expenses, in five out of nine in- stances. The average loss per year amounted to $6.79 per acre during the first course of the three-year rotation. “During the second course of the rotation there was an average profit of $23.54 per acre annually.”’ The four-year rotation was: 1, Corn; 2, potatoes; 3, winter rye; 4, clover. In this case the clover was turned down and the corn planted on the clover sod. The general results were as follows: “In the first course of the rotation (four years), three of the plots showed total net losses of $18.40, $44.00 and $17.56 per acre, and one a total net gain of $46.30 per acre. “But two of the plots have been car- ried completely through the second round of the rotation. These plots showed net losses in the first course of the rotation amounting to $18.40 and $44.00 per acre, but in the second round the same plots showed gains amounting to $80.70 and $64.40 per acre, respect- ively. “Reckoning as a part of the original investment a portion of the expenses of the first three to four years until reason- able conditions of fertility and tilth were established, good profits resulted.”’ The five-year Rhode Island rotation was: 1, Corn; 2, potatoes; 3, winter rye; 4, 5, grass. The grass was timothy and redtop. The manure was applied with the Indian corn and the potatoes. The general results with the corn and potatoes were as follows: “Indian corn produced, in 1893, only 13.78 bushels of grain and 1.3 tons of stover per acre. In 1896, it produced 72.57 bushels of grain and 2.4 of stover. The highest yield of stover in any subse- quent year upon any plot was 3.9 tons per acre. This was obtained in 1900, though the yield of shelled corn was less that season than in 1896. ‘*The potato-crops have shown marked gains. The smallest crop of marketable tubers was that of 1893, which amounted to but 60 bushels per acre. The largest crop thus far recorded was 283.33 bush- els per acre, in 1900, when the total yield of large and small tubers amounted to 321.66 bushels per acre.”’ One of the first effects of the con- temporaneous research by the experi- ment stations was apparently to magnify the importance of special practices and of isolated problems. For a time we seemed to lose sight of the fact that farming is a philosophy put in practice, and that the new problems are all related to a few general fundamental plans of farm management. We are now be- ginning to sort and classify our experi- mental results, and to work out rational scientific systems. These invaluable scientific results will add to the efficiency of the old-time farm-plans, rendering them less dogmatic and more reason- able, but nevertheless emphasizing their enduring importance.

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M* attention was first called to the possibility of manufacturing a practicable ghost-extinguisher by a real- estate agent in San Francisco. “There’s one thing,’’ he said, ‘‘that affects city property here in a curious way. You know we have a good many murders, and, as a consequence, certain houses attain a very sensational and undesirable reputation. These houses it is almost impossible to let; you can scarcely get a decent family to occupy them rent-free. Then we have a great many places said to be haunted. These were dead timber on my hands until walk Poa GHOST: SF XTINGUISHER BY Galett Burgess | I happened to notice that the Japanese have no ob- jections to spooks. Now, whenever I have such a building to rent, I let it to Japs at a nominal figure, and after they’ve taken the curse off, I raise the rent, the Japs move out, the place is renovated, and in the market again.”’ The subject interested me, for I am not only a scientist, but a speculative philosopher as well. The investigation of those phenomena that lie upon the threshold of the great unknown has always been my favorite field of research. I believed, even then, that the Oriental mind, working alorz different lines than those which we pursue, has attained knowledge that we know little of. Thinking, therefore, that these Japs might have some secret in- herited from their misty past, I ex- amined into the matter. I shall not trouble you with a narration of the incidents which led up to my ac- quaintance with Hoku Yamanochi. Suf- fice it to say that I found in him a friend who was willing to share with me his whole lore of quasi-science. I call it this advisedly, for science, as we Occi- dentals use the term, has to do only with the laws of matter and sensation; our scientific men, in fact, recognize the existence of nothing else. The Bud- dhistic philosophy, however, goes further. According to its theories, the soul is sevenfold, consisting of different shells or envelopes—something like an onion—

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690 which are shed as life passes from the material to the spiritual state. The first, or lowest, of these is the corporeal body, which, after death, decays and perishes. Next comes the vital prin- ciple, which, departing from the body, dissipates itself like an odor, and is lost. Less gross than this is the astral body, which, although immaterial, yet lies near to the consistency of matter. This astral shape, released from the body at death, remains for a while in its earthly environment, still preserving more or less definitely the imprint of the form which it inhabited. It is this relic of a past material per- sonality, this outworn shell, that appears, when galvanized into an appearance of life, partly materialized, as a ghost. It is not the soul that returns, for the soul, which is immortal, is composed of the four higher spiritual essences that surround the ego, and are carried on into the next life. These astral bodies, therefore, fail to terrify the Buddhists, who know them only as shadows, with no real volition. The Japs, in point of fact, have learned how to exterminate them. There is a certain powder, Hoku in- formed me, which, when burnt in their presence, transforms them from the rare- fied, or semi-spiritual, condition to the state of matter. The ghost, so to speak, is precipitated into and becomes a material shape which can easily be dis- posed of. In this state it is confined and allowed to disintegrate slowly where it can cause no further annoyance. This long-winded explanation piqued my curiosity, which was not to be satis- fied until I had seen the Japanese method applied. It was not long before I had an opportunity.. A particularly re- yolting murder having been committed in San Francisco, my friend Hoku ‘Yamanochi applied for the house, and, after the police had finished their ex- amination, he was permitted to occupy it for a half-year at the ridiculous price of three dollars a month. He invited me to share his quarters, which were large and luxuriously furnished. For a week, nothing abnormal oc- curred, Then, one night, I was awa- THE GHOST-EXTINGUISHER—FICTION kened by terrifying groans, followed by a blood-curdling shriek which seemed to emerge from a large closet in my room, the scene of the late atrocity. I con- fess that I had all the covers pulled over my head and was shivering with horror when my Japanese friend entered, wearing a pair of flowered-silk pajamas. Hearing his voice, I peeped forth, to see him smiling reassuringly. ‘You some kind of very foolish fel- low,’”’ he said. ‘I show you how to fix him!’ He took from his pocket three conical red pastils, placed them upon a saucer and lighted them. Then, holding the fuming dish in one outstretched hand, he walked to the closed door and opened it. The shrieks burst out afresh, and, as I recalled the appalling details of the scene which had occurred in this very room only five weeks ago, I shud- dered at his temerity. But he was quite calm. Soon, I saw the wraithlike form of the recent victim dart from the closet. She crawled under my bed and ran about the room, endeavoring to escape, but was pursued by Hoku, who waved his smo- king plate with indefatigable patience and dexterity. At last he had her cornered, and the specter was caught behind a curtain of odorous fumes. Slowly the figure grew more distinct, assuming the consistency of a heavy vapor, shrinking somewhat in the operation. Hoku now hurriedly turned to me. “You hully up, bling me one pair bellows pletty quick!’’ he commanded. I ran into his room and brought the bellows from his fireplace. These he pressed flat, and then carefully inserting one toe of the ghost into the nozzle and opening the handles steadily, he sucked in a portion of the unfortunate woman’s anatomy, and dexterously squirted the vapor into a large jar, which had been placed in the room for the purpose. Two more operations were necessary to with- draw the fantom completely from the corner and empty it into the jar. At last the transfer was effected and the receptacle securely stoppered and sealed. “In formeryore-time,’’ Hoku explained

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GELETT BURGESS—FICTION Drawn by George T. Tobin ““The cut was piled full of frenzied, scrambling specters, as rank after rank swept down into the horrid gut”’

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692 to me, “old pliests sucked ghost with mouth and spit him to inside of vase with acculacy. Modern-time method more better for stomach and epiglottis.’’ “How long will this ghost keep?’’ I inquired. “Oh, about four, five hundled years, maybe,’ was his reply. ‘‘Ghost now change from spilit to matter, and comes under legality of matter as usual science.”’ ‘“‘What are you going to do with her?”’ I asked. “Send him to Buddhist temple in Japan. Old pliest use him for high celemony,’’ was the answer. My next desire was to obtain some of Hoku Yamanochi’s ghost-powder and analyze it. For a while it defied my attempts, but, after many months of patient research, I discovered that it could be produced, in all its essential qualities, by means of a fusion of for- maldehyde and. hypofenyltrybrompro- pionic acid in an electrified vacuum. With this product I began a series of interesting experiments. As it became necessary for me to dis- cover the habitat of ghosts in consider- able numbers, I joined the American Society for Psychical Research, thus securing desirable information in regard to haunted houses. These I visited persistently, until my powder was per- fected and had been proved efficacious for the capture of any ordinary house- broken fantom. For a while I con- tented myself with the mere sterilization of these specters, but, as I became surer of success, I began to attempt the trans- fer of ghosts to receptacles wherein they could be transported and studied at my leisure, classified and preserved for future reference. Hoku’s bellows I soon discarded in favor of a large-sized bicycle-pump, and eventually I had constructed one of my own, of a pattern which enabled me to inhale an entire ghost at a single stroke. With this powerful instrument I was able to compress even an adult life- sized ghost into a two-quart bottle, in the neck of which a sensitive valve (patented) prevented the specter from emerging during process. My invention was not yet, however, THE GHOST-EXTINGUISHER—FIOTION quite satisfactory. While I had no trouble in securing ghosts of recent creation—-spirits, that is, who were yet of almost the consistency of matter— on several of my trips abroad in search of material I found in old manor-houses or ruined castles many specters so ancient that they had become highly rarefied and tenuous, being at times scarcely visible to the naked eye. Such elusive spirits are able to pars through walls and elude pursuit wit. ease. It became necessary for me to obtain some instrument by which their capture could be conveniently effected. The ordinary fire-extinguisher of com- merce gave me the hint as to how the problem could be solved. One of these portable hand-instruments I filled with the proper chemicals. When inverted, the ingredients were commingled in vacuo and a vast volume of gas was liberated. This was collected in the reservoir provided with a rubber tube having a nozzle at the end. The whole apparatus being strapped upon my back, I was enabled to direct a stream of powerful precipitating gas in any de- sired direction, the flow being under control through the agency of a small stop-cock. By means of this ghost- extinguisher I was enabled to pursue my experiments as far as I desired. So far my investigations had been purely scientific, but before long the commercial value of my discovery began to interest me. The ruinous effects of spectral visitations upon real estate in- duced me to realize some pecuniary re- ward from my ghost-extinguisher, and I began to advertise my business. By degrees, I became known as an expert in my original line, and my professional services were sought with as much. con- fidence as those of a veterinary surgeon. I manufactured the Gerrish Ghost-Ex- tinguisher in several sizes, and put it on the market, following this venture with the introduction of my justly cele- brated Gerrish Ghost-Grenades. These hand-implements were made to be kept in racks conveniently distributed in country houses for cases of sudden emer- gency. A single grenade, hurled at any spectral form, would, in breaking,

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GELETT BURGESS—FIOCTION Drawn by George T, Tobin ‘“*I fled, but Napoleon's men fied with me’

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694 liberate enough formaldybrom to coagu- late the most perverse spirit, and the re- sulting vapor could easily be removed from the room by a housemaid with a common broom. This branch of my business, however, never proved profitable, for the appear- ance of ghosts, especially in the United States, is seldom anticipated. Had it been possible for me to invent a pre- ventive as well as a remedy, I might now be a millionaire; but there are limits even to modern science. Having exhausted the field at home, I visited England in the hope of securing customers among the country families there. To my surprise, I discovered that the possession of a family specter was considered as a permanent improve- ment to the property, and my offers of service in ridding houses of ghostly tenants awakened the liveliest resent- ment. As a layer of ghosts I was much lower in the social scale than a layer of carpets. Disappointed and discouraged, I re- turned home to make a further study of the opportunities of my invention. I had, it seemed, exhausted the possibili- ties of the use of unwelcome fantoms. Could I not, I thought, derive a revenue from the traffic in desirable specters? I decided to renew my in- vestigations. The nebulous spirits preserved in my laboratory, which I had graded and classified, were, you will remember, in a state of suspended animation. They were, virtually, embalmed apparitions, their inevitable decay delayed, rather than prevented. The assorted ghosts that I had now preserved in hermetically sealed tins were thus in a state of un- stableequilibrium. Thetinsonce opened and the vapor allowed to dissipate, the original astral body would in time be reconstructed and the warmed-over specter would continue its previous career. But this process, when natural- ly performed, took years. The interval was quite too long for the fantom to be handled in any commercial way. My problem was, therefore, to produce from my tinned Essence of Ghost a specter that was capable of immediately going THE GHOST-EXTINGUISHER—FICTION into business and that could haunt a house while you wait. It was not until radium was discov- ered that I approached the solution of my great problem, and even then months of indefatigable labor were necessary before the process was perfected. It has now been well demonstrated: that the emanations of radiant energy sent forth by this surprising element defy our former scientific conceptions of the constitution of matter. It was for me to prove that the vibratory activity of radium (whose amplitudes and intensity are undoubtedly four-dimensional) ef- fects a sort of allotropic modification in the particles of that imponderable ether which seems to lie half-way be- tween matter and pure spirit. This is as far as I need to go in my explanation, for a full discussion involves the use of quaternions and the method of least squares. It will be sufficient for the layman to know that my preserved fantoms, rendered radio-active, would, upon contact with the air, resume their spectral shape. The possible extension of my business now was enormous, limited only by the difficulty in collecting the necessary stock. It was by this time almost as difficult to get ghosts as it was to get radium. Finding that a part of my stock had spoiled, I was now possessed of only a few dozen cans of apparitions, many of these being of inferior quality. I immediately set about replenishing my raw material. It was not enough for me to pick up a ghost here and there, as one might get old mahogany; I de- termined to procure my fantoms in wholesale lots. Accident favored my design. In an old volume of ‘‘Blackwood’s Magazine”’ I happened, one day, to come across an interesting article upon the battle of Waterloo. It mentioned, incidentally, a legend to the effect that every year, upon the anniversary of the celebrated victory, spectral squadrons had been seen by the peasants charging battalions of ghostly grenadiers. Here was’ my opportunity. I made elaborate preparations for the capture of this job-lot of fantoms upon

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the next anniversary of the fight. Hard by the fatal ditch which engulfed Na- poleon’s cavalry I stationed a corps of able assistants provided with rapid- fire extinguishers ready to enfilade the famous sunken road. I stationed my- self with a No. 4 model magazine-hose, with a four-inch nozzle, directly in the path which I knew would be taken by the advancing squadron. It was a fine, clear night, lighted, at first, by a slice of new moon; but later, dark, except for the pale illumination of the stars. I have seen many ghosts in my time—ghosts in garden and garret, at noon, at dusk, at dawn, fantoms fanciful, and specters sad and spectacu- lar—but never have I seen such an im- pressive sight as this nocturnal charge of cuirassiers, galloping in goblin glory to their time-honored doom. From afar the French reserves presented the appearance of a nebulous mass, like a low-lying cloud or fog-bank, faintly luminous, shot with fluorescent gleams. As the squadron drew nearer in its desperate charge, the separate forms of the troopers shaped themselves, and the galloping guardsmen grew ghastly with supernatural splendor. Although I knew them to be immate- rial and without mass or weight, I was terrified at their approach, fearing to be swept under the hoofs of the nightmares they rode. Like one in a dream, I started to run, but in another instant they were upon me, and I turned on my stream of formaldybrom. Then I was overwhelmed in a cloud-burst of wild warlike wraiths. The column swept past me, over the bank, plunging to its historic fate. The cut was piled full of frenzied, scrambling specters, as rank after rank swept down into the horrid gut. At last the ditch swarmed full of writhing forms and the carnage was dire. : - My assistants with the extinguishers stood firm, and although almost un- nerved by the sight, they summoned their courage, and directed simultaneous streams of formaldybrom into the strug- gling mass of fantoms. As soon as my mind returned, I busied myself with the huge tanks I had prepared for use GELETT BURGESS—FIOCTION 695 as receivers. These were fitted with a mechanism similar to that employed in portable forges, by which the heavy vapor was sucked off. Luckily the night was calm, and I was enabled to fill a dozen cylinders with the precipi- tated ghosts. The segregation of in- dividual forms was, of course, impossible, so that men and horses were mingled in a horrible mixture of fricasseed spirits. I intended subsequently to empty the soup into a large reservoir and allow the separate specters to re- form according to the laws of spiritual cohesion. Circumstances, however, prevented my ever accomplishing this result. I returned home, to find awaiting me an order so large and important that I had no time in which to operate upon my cylinders of cavalry. My patron was the proprietor of a new sanatorium for nervous invalids, located near some medicinal springs in the Catskills. His building was unfortu- nately located, having been built upon the site of a once-famous summer-hotel, which, while filled with guests, had burnt to the ground, scores of lives having been lost. Just before the patients were to be installed in the new structure, it was found that the place was haunted by the victims of the con- flagration to a degree that rendered it inconvenient as a health-resort. My professional services were requested, therefore, to render the building a fitting abode for convalescents. I wrote to the proprietor, fixing my charge at five thousand dollars. As my usual rate was one hundred dollars per ghost, and over a hundred lives were lost at the fire, I considered this price reasonable, and my offer was accepted. The sanatorium job was finished in a week. I secured one hundred and two superior spectral specimens, and upon my return to the laboratory, put them up in heavily embossed tins with attract- ive labels in colors. My delight at the outcome of this business was, however, soon transformed to anger and indignation. The pro- prietor of the health-resort, having found that the specters from his place had

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696 been sold, claimed a rebate upon the contract price equal to the value of the modified ghosts transferred to my pos- session. This, of course, I could not allow. I wrote, demanding immediate payment according to our agreement, and this was peremptorily refused. The manager’s letter was insulting in the extreme. The Pied Piper of Hamelin was not worse treated than I felt myself to be; so, like the piper, I determined to have my revenge. I got out the twelve tanks of Waterloo ghost-hash from the store-rooms, and treated them with radium for two days. These I shipped to the Catskills billed as hydrogen gas. Then, accompanied by two trustworthy assistants, I went to the sanatorium and preferred my demand for payment in person. I was ejected with contumely. Before my hasty exit, however, I had the satisfac- tion of noticing that the building was filled with patients. Languid ladies were seated in wicker-chairs upon the piazzas, and frail anemic girls filled the corridors. It was a hospital of nervous wrecks whom the slightest disturbance would throw into a panic. I suppressed all my finer feelings of mercy and kind- ness and smiled grimly as I walked back to the village. That night was black and lowering, fitting weather for the pandemonium I was about to turn loose. At ten o’clock, I loaded a wagon with the tanks of compressed cohorts, and, muffled in heavy overcoats, we drove to the sana- torium. All was silent as we approached; all was dark. The wagon concealed in a grove of pines, we took out the tanks, one by one, and placed them beneath the ground-floor windows. The sashes were easily forced open, and raised cnough.-to enable us to insert the rubber tubes connected with the iron reservoirs. At midnight everything was ready. I gave the word, and my assistants ran from tank to tank, opening the stop- cocks. With a hiss as of escaping steam the huge vessels emptied themselves, vomiting forth clouds of vapor, which, upon contact with the air, coagulated into strange shapes, as the white of an egg does when dropped into boiling THE GHOST-EXTINGUISHER—FIOCTION water. The rooms became instantly filled with dismembered shades of men and horses seeking wildly to unite them- selves with their proper parts. Legs ran down the corridors, seeking their respective trunks, arms writhed wildly reaching for missing bodies, heads rolled hither and yon in search of native necks. Horses’ tails and hoofs whisked and hurried in quest of equine ownership until, reorganized, the spectral steeds galloped about to find their riders. Had it been possible, I would have stopped this riot of wraiths long ere this, for it was more awful than I had antici- pated, but it was already too late. Cow- ering in the garden, I began to hear the screams of awakened and distracted patients. In another moment, the front door of the hotel was burst open, and a mob of hysterical women in expensive nightgowns rushed out upon the lawn, and huddled in shrieking groups. I fled into the night. I fled, but Napoleon’s men fled with me. Compelled by I know not what fatal astral attraction, perhaps the sub- tle affinity of the creature for the creator, the spectral shells, moved by some mysterious mechanics of spiritual being, pursued me with fatuous fury. I sought refuge, first, in my laboratory, but, even as I approached, a lurid glare foretold me of its destruction. As I drew nearer, the whole ghost-factory was seen to be in flames; every moment crackling reports were heard, as the overheated tins of phantasmagoria exploded and threw their supernatural contents upon the night. These liberated ghosts joined the army of Napoleon’s outraged war- riors, and turned upon me. There was not enough formaldybrom in ali the world to quench their fierce energy. There was no place in all the world safe for me from their visitation. No ghost- extinguisher was powerful enough to lay the host of spirits that haunted me henceforth, and I had neither time nor money left with which to construct new Gatling quick-firing tanks. It is little comfort to me to know that one hundred nervous invalids were com- pletely restored to health by means of the terrific shock which I administered. 49 Coa f 2 fa Y

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CROWN-PRINCE WILLIAM AS FIRST LIEUTENANT IN OF FOOT-GUARDS THE FIRST REGIMENT GERMAN ARMY MANEUVERS By POULTNEY BIGELOW “T ‘HE nation which to-day is least pre- pared for a serious war is our own, while the one whose preparation is most complete is Germany. Yet in theory we have the same military ideals. Our written and unwritten constitution pro- claims to the world that every United States citizen is liable to be called out in the cause of his country, that in the event of war we must each of us bear a musket and march to meet the enemy. Indeed, the proposition is so obvious that it needs no emphasis. We all ac- cede to it and permit it to remain on paper—a dead letter. To judge by our professions, it would seem as though we Americans were the most patriotic people in the world. We are approaching a moment of history when Uncle Sam shall call upon his patriotic children to make good their professions and to prepare in time of peace for the work which war inevitably entails. I hear my readers say: ‘‘What is war, anyway? All that you want is that the people should volunteer, march against the enemy and shoot him down!” True, that is the whole matter, and it sounds so deliciously easy that many of our wisest politicians, and even a few of our statesmen, would have us believe that we need no more preparation than merely a supply of enough guns to put into the hands of those who rush to the colors when the president calls a nation to arms. This worked after a fashion during our first war with the mother country, when the military problem consisted mainly in cutting off food from the enemy and harassing his movements in 5°

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698 a country where we were at home and he ahated stranger. This system worked well enough in South Africa, where each Boer was trained to the rifle and the saddle, and operated over his own field amongst his own people and against an enemy that had to bring food from a base six thousand miles away. We are as a nation practically invin- cible; that is to say, there is no power on earth which could conquer us to-day if our problem consisted merely in de- fending our own soil against an invading army. We might lose our seaboard cities. The enemy might levy glorious booty from the sack of Wall Street and the Golden Gate, but it is not reasonable to think that any enemy would risk a march across our continent or even an excursion of a few hundred miles inland. The Japanese war with Russia has emphasized a fact which we must take to heart—that it is not the population of a country that wins battles. It is not even the money in the treasury. Russia has over one hundred million peo- ple, as against a nation with less than half that number. Russia also is richer in taxable property than Japan. War is a struggle not between the figures of GERMAN ARMY MANEUVERS the census, but strictly between the fighting-men which at a given moment can be brought to a given point. And herein lies the key to Japan’s success, and at this point we commence to ap- preciate that army maneuvers are essen- tial to such nations as have reason to anticipate war with a serious power. Spain was not a serious power. She went into the war with us with reluc- tance. She was painfully conscious of her unfitness to hold the field, and she made a show of resistance at one or two points merely in order that she might escape the disgrace of surrender without a blow. For that war we mob- ilized nominally two hundred and fifty thousand men, but those men were soldiers mainly on paper. They had as a rule no uniforms; they knew nothing of soldier work, and their officers knew as little as their men; they were gathered into unsanitary camps, where they com- menced to suffer from disease before the real campaigning had begun. Most of them never smelled powder, but the little that they did experience of mobilization taught them at least this: Armies are not created; they must be organized like any other great industry; EMPEROR WILLIAM CONVERSING WITH THE ARCHDUKE FERDINAND OF AUSTRIA AT THE MANEUVERS

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there must be cohesion between all the parts, from the commander-in-chief down through the heads of army corps, to the divisional commanders, to the heads of brigades, to the colonels of regiments, and so on, through majors, captains, lieutenants, to the man in the ranks. During our Spanish war, the military posts were given away to politicians or friends of politicians, with little or no reference to military capacity. The result was that our army was demoral- ized from the start. GERMAN ARMY MANEUVERS IN THE TRENCHES, AWAITING A CHARGE BY THE ENEMY The Germans annually hold extensive maneuvers, in order to be reasonably certain that when war does break out they shall be able to do in the flesh what they profess to do on paper. In the navy we are always reasonably prepared for war, because politicians do not find life comfortable on a man-of-war. They are apt to be sea- sick, and are sure to get drowned if sent off in charge of a ship’s cutter, or else electrocuted or blown up if detailed to look about in the entrails of

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700 a swiftly moving torpedo-boat. The machinery of our navy is constantly being kept in good condition by the mere fact that our ships move from port to port and sailors are kept busy with the tools of their trade. In our army, on the contrary, we have men whose hair is white and yet who until 1898 had never seen of military life more than the youngster fresh from the training of West Point. I have seen venerable officers of our service be- wildered when confronted with more than one or two regiments at a time; ie POET Pe peer Str 4 es a ss —— —— 3 7 GERMAN ARMY MANEUVERS shall have ocular demonstration of the great fact that it is prepared for war, that it is getting something in return for the immense war-taxes. We pay heavier. military taxes than Germany, and we have a right to demand an equiv- alent return. The great maneuvers will demonstrate: first, that politicians do not always make good officers; second- ly, that we must have honest military reform. Germany insists that each officer shall furnish frequent evidence that he is in good condition, a test which would send PIONEER CORPS BUILDING A PONTOON BRIDGE they are as green in the business of real war as a naval officer might be who should be ordered to command a battle- ship after an experience exclusively with lighthouse-tenders or harbor- launches. In the army, a_ political general can surround himself with a brilliant staff and live happily on shore doing worse than nothing. Germany is a thrifty nation and maneuvers are very costly, but Germany pays the cost cheerfully, as a wise man pays his fire-insurance. Army maneu- vers mean that once a year the nation to the rear at least half of the men to- day drawing pay from Uncle Sam for alleged military service. When William II ascended the throne of the Hohen- zollerns (1888), he found most of the generals survivors of the war of 1870, trusted friends of his venerable grand- father. They have their analogy on this side in the large number of officers, promoted from the ranks, who survived the civil war ahd who stayed on in the army until they became almost senile. The German emperor in his maneu- vers simulates so far as possible a state

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GERMAN ARMY MANEUVERS | of war between two sections of his coun- try, and calls one army corps of thirty thousand to engage another army corps of corresponding strength. At times he calls out three or even four. The preliminaries to the final crash may consume a month or six weeks, and it is this feature which to-day would prove of greatest service to our military or- ganizations throughout the United States, for in this work we should solve the many technical difficulties connected with rapidly moving large bodies of troops—of going into camp and breaking camp at short notice, of supplying large bodies on the march with food for man and beast, of securing horses and teams for the transport service, of maintaining communication between extended wings of the army by means of field-telegraph, of crossing broad streams by means of pontoons, of searching out the enemy by means of captive-balloons. Nowadays armies do not move as do our cavalry squadrons on the plains, in a bunch, or, at least, all within sight of their commanding officer. An army corps would occupy thirty miles of road if strung along in the usual formation, with the needful baggage and ammu- nition-trains, artillery, cavalry, and so forth. Now, such a length would be dangerous, for if the head of the column were attacked it would take two days, possibly three, before the last of the train could reach the firing-line. BALLOON USED FOR SIGNALING An army corps must ‘herefore march in three columns on roads nearly parallel, and the columns must keep in commu- nication as well as possible, so that in case one is attacked the others may ren- der early assistance. The moment you commence to play with a force of this size you feel the need of a staff in the true sense of the word. The usual definition of that much-abused military term has been a body of handsomely dressed and conspicuously incompetent young men, who are personal friends of the commander or friends of some im- portant politician. The German em- peror understands under a staff-officer one who is not only a thorough soldier FIELD-ARTILLERY IN ACTION

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GERMAN ARMY MANEUVERS INFLATING A BALLOON FROM WAGONS FILLED WITH GAS-TANKS in the West Point sense, but is moreover a specialist in some branch of war. Germany was the first of the powers to break away from the notion that a staff-officer was intended mainly for the purpose of carrying the parasol of the commander’s wife. To-day the staff-officer in Germany is responsible for making the maps which guide the army in strange parts; he goes ahead and brings back the information on which the army can proceed in safety; he must report upon the condition of the roads, whether the bridges will bear his artillery, whether there is enough water for his animals, what houses there are which may shelter his men, how much forage he may expect, and so on. The Japanese military schools are especially good in training officers for this delicate work. West Point has not yet taken up this feature of a staff- officer’s duties in a practical manner. The time is ripe when it would seem well to regard West Point as a staff-college and to establish at least two other national military schools whose gradu- ates should come to West Point for staff-work exclusively. But to come back to the German maneuvers. When the order to mob- ilize is issued, it is as though a national war had been declared, and the reserve man is ordered to report for a summer of campaigning. He hurries from his cot- tage to the rendezvous of his company, and there he finds a captain waiting for him; he has but to don his uniform, strap on his knapsack, shoulder his rifle and step into line, and then away to join the other companies which are form- ing in neighboring villages. Now, this is simple work for the sol- dier; it means elaborate care, honesty and intelligence in the military adminis- tration, which throughout the rest of the year keeps track of each man liable to military cervice, takes charge of the military supplies, has a detailed inven- tory of each horse and cart in the district. Consequently, when the bugle sounds, not only does the man appear, but so do the accouterments, and even the horses and carts necessary to transport the heavy baggage, the forage, the ammu- nition, and, in real war, to convey the wounded afterward to the rear. Fora single company of two hundred and fifty men, this means much detail. When it comes to an army of half a million men in peace and over two millions in time of war, we see that the machinery required is of a costly and extensive nature. It was the honesty of the army ad- ministration in Germany which made it possible to keep up to the war-strength the regiments besieging Paris, and also to have them well supplied with stores. The Emperor of Germany turns over each little department of his army once a year to see that every section of it is in working shape. He hauls out the carts, the draft-horses, the pontoons, the balloons, the telegraph-poles, and, above all, he compels all the gouty and corpulent reserve officers to climb into the saddle and prove their capacity to take the field, or the reverse. What do all these men do in the weeks which intervene between leaving their

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GERMAN ARMY MANEUVERS REVIEW OF HUSSARS BY THE EMPEROR AND EMPRESS wives and sweethearts and finally ap- pearing in a great mass under the eyes of their kaiser? The company which leaves its home to-day may have to march two or three hundred miles before the decisive battle; it will have to camp out, to skirmish with patrols of the enemy. At first it will march to join a second company, then a third; then it will become a part of a battalion, and the major will lead it forward until it finds the other two battalions; and then a colonel will command it as a full regiment. During those weary days the officers are practising their profession, becoming expert in the many tricks of outdoor length. The German officer listens to no excuse from stragglers, for the straggler is presumed to be a coward. The cap- tain trains his men carefully and gives them every opportunity for hardening their feet by degrees. Indeed, the care of the feet is in Germany second only to that devoted to keeping the rifle clean. Soon the regiment touches its sister regiment, and now a brigadier-general takes command, and the work of the staff-officer commences on a small scale, for the handling of a full brigade of six thousand men is not easy, and with each increase in number the pos- sible complications are increased. One regiment facing another in battle can life, and the men are little by little be fairly well controlled by a single hardening their leg-sinews to endure head who may be in a position to see for marches which each day increase in himself all parts of his command. But ———— i a ee . ea THE EMPEROR DIRECTING A MOVEMENT OF TROOPS »

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704 HUSSARS RESTING AROUND A CAPTURED CANNON AFTER A CHARGE when thirty thousand men are engaged the firing-line may be ten miles in extent from wing to wing, and the nature of the ground may not be such as to per- mit one man seeing all of it. If now we imagine two, three or four army corps all engaged at once, and if at the same time we will imagine the confusion that is possible when three columns of troops, each occupying ten miles of highway, are seeking to reach the front at the same time, then we may conceive the task of the well-trained staff-officer in achieving order out of this chaos. Even in so perfectly organized an army as that of Germany I have re- peatedly seen regiments of infantry tangled up with the batteries of artillery, all seeking to use the same road at the LIGHT REFRESHMENTS DURING A RESPITE GERMAN ARMY MANEUVERS same time, and almost coming to blows amongst themselves in their eagerness to get to the front. Of course, in military maneuvers there is no real shot-and-shell fighting. But if you read carefully the campaigns of any notable commander—of Na- poleon, Stonewall Jackson, Washington, Moltke—you will note that the su- periority which one leader has shown over the other has lain largely in the power of concentrating at a given mo- ment a large number of well-fed and well-trained men. And this power has been the result of just the sort of pre- vision which can be cultivated through maneuvers in time of peace. In other words, an army must be coached much as we do a football team or an eight- oared crew, and this coaching must not be postponed un- til the day before the con- test. The German emperor venerated his illustrious grandfather, just as we venerate the heroes of our great civil war, but he knew that justice to the living de- manded that his generals be sound men physically no less than mentally. So in September of 1888 he mounted these old generals and started them on a gentle trot across broken

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country. It was hard on those who had internal troubles, but the trot became a canter, and the canter drifted into a gallop. There were ditches on the way, and many drifted into the ditches. When the emperor was satisfied that he had applied his test long enough, he drew rein and gazed back over a field strewn with rotund and bald-headed warriors vainly trying to climb once more into their slippery seats. That was a magnificent field-day for Imperial Germany. None but a commander with GERMAN ARMY MANEUVERS 705 to introduce bodily into this country the military system of Germany, with all its vices incident to social caste. If it were a question of seeking European models, I should recommend first that of Switzerland. But we need not go abroad at all for models. We have at home in our own history and the experience of our true soldiers lessons by which we can profit. West Point taught us that to make a real soldier we must eliminate the poison of politics from his education, that we must promote him strictly according NEEDLES AND THREAD AND A GAME OF CARDS BETWEEN immense moral courage would have been so cruel to his political intimates in order thereby to show his kindness to the nation at large. The German em- peror acted upon what he saw. Those who fell off, stayed off. At once ensued promotion of young blood, and the principle has since then been adhered to, that the man who is entrusted with the lives of his fellow men must be a man in all senses. I do not for a moment seek to leave the impression that it would be wise BATTLES to merit, must keep weeding out the incompetents, and fill their places by the younger and more energetic. Next, we must treat our military organization as we do any other great machine—we must keep inspecting it and putting it into motion and looking carefully into the working capacity of every part. Let not the public be deceived by the fine phrases of ‘‘general staff’’ and ‘‘war- college’ and the glittering rhetoric which dazzles him who reads the last report of our war secretary. The real soldier is

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GERMAN me THE EMPEROR not humbugged by them. What our army craves is honesty in the Washing- ton administration. To-day the _ re- forms are on paper. The _ political machine runs the army as it does the consular service, and appointments into the army are being daily made now, as during the Spanish war, with a single eye to political rather than military needs. The larger we make our army to-day, the more stealing and jobbery will be the consequence. Honest and capable West Point graduates are being driven to retirement because they see rivals shoved in over their heads through political intrigue. President Roosevelt means well; so does the secretary of war, Mr. Taft; so did Mr. Root; but the political machine is too much for all of them combined, and us the a war to-morrow would show ARMY MANEUVERS AND EMPRESS AT THE MANEUVERS IN WESTPHALIA same form of corruption and helplessness which characterized our army in 1898, or on the eve of Bull Run. However, this is not written in a pessimistic vein; the future is in our own hands, if we will but recognize the faults of the present and set to work in the path of reform. Let us, however, by all means have grand maneuvers. They will cost a large amount of money, and many politicians will get rich out of contracts incidental to their execution. But they will do good, for they will call attention to the incompetency of officers who have en- tered the army through political chan- nels; the men of the army will learn to despise such officers, public attention will be called to the matter, and when public sentiment is once aroused, then. and not till then, may we hope for re- form. INFANTRY LYING UNDER COVER

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eee een eee SURRENDER OF ACRE BY THE SARACENS, UNDER SALADIN, TO THE CRUSADERS, LED BY PHILIP AUGUSTUS AND RICHARD THE LION-HEARTED, 1191 THE GREAT SIEGES OF HISTORY I—ACRE; CONSTANTINOPLE By CYRUS TOWNSEND BRADY Tilustrations from old prints S a campaign gives rise to strategy, a battle to tactics, so a siege af- fords opportunity for the display of ob- stinate determination, tenacious courage and ingenious resourcefulness on the part of assailants and defenders. In the history of the leaguers of the world may be found more examples of dogged, stubborn, desperate heroism .on the part of offense and defense than in any other accounts of high achievement. In discussing the subject, the chron- icler is confronted by an embarrassment of riches. In the brief limits of these papers only the more significant and characteristic episodes can be mentioned. I have been compelled to dismiss from consideration ancient sieges like those of Troy, Tyre, Syracuse, Athens, Saguntum and Jerusalem, interesting though they are alike to the student and to the general reader. I shall confine myself to those that have taken place since the twelfth century. Instead of considering them chronologically, I have chosen to group them in accordance with locality and the character of the combatants. Acre is one of the most ancient towns in the world. It is mentioned in history at least fourteen hundred years before Christ, when it was captured

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708 by Sennacherib. Under the name of Acco it is referred to in the book of Joshua. Since the Assyrians’ day it has sustained numberless sieges. Asso- ciated with it are some of the greatest names in history. The very meaning of the name Acre seems to refer to siege, for it means ‘Close pressed together.’’ It was con- quered in the fourth century by Ptolemy Soter, and from him received the name of Ptolemais. It was given in the middle ages to the Knights of St. John, and was by them called St. Jean d’Acre. For many years it was a part of the Roman Empire, but in 638 it was taken by the Saracens, and remained in their possession until the advent of the first Crusader. After the conquest of Jeru- salem by Godfrey de Bouillon, his brother Baldwin took it in 1104, after a siege of twenty days, the conquest being followed by the usual massacre of the infidels —a gentle way the Christians had of signalizing their victories! After the recapture of Jerusalem a hundred years THE GREAT SIEGES OF HISTORY later by the Moslems, the fortress was retaken in 1187, after an investment of but two days, by the greatest of the Saracens, the incomparable Salah-ed- Din, ‘‘The Shield of Religion,’ commonly called Saladin, the Bayard of the East. Saladin had previously captured the last actual reigning king of Jerusalem, Guy de Lusignan. Exacting a promise from his prisoner that he would cease hostilities, abandon his pretensions to the crown, and depart to Europe, the Saracen released the Christian. Under the plea that the oaths had been ex- torted from him under duress, King Guy was absolved by his spiritual advisers from discharging his obligations. The loss of Jerusalem after the terrible defeat of Hattin (Tiberias), the capture of the king and the complete conquest of the country, reawakened the crusa- ding spirit of a dormant Christendom. While the great monarchs who were in- spired to go to the Holy Land were ma- king extensive preparations, smaller bod- ies of zealous knights and pilgrims were THE BATTERING-RAM AS USED IN THE TWELFTH CENTURY The implements of war used in the middle ages were less formidable than those employed by the ancient Greeks and Romans

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THE FRENCH ATTACKIN continually arriving in Palestine. They rallied to the standard of the king, and on the 28th of August, 1189, Guy laid siege to Acre. Tyre, which was held by Conrad de Montferrat, alone of the seacoast towns remained in Christian hands. The jeal- ousies everywhere present among the Christians closed the gates of Tyre to the king. Nor would Montferrat lend any assistance to the unfortunate monarch to whom he owed fealty. Acre had been known from the earliest time as the key to Palestine. It was strongly fortified. The old Byzantine walls still remained practically intact. The harbor, like all of those on the Syrian coast, was poor. An artificial mole afforded some shelter, but the only good anchorage was at Haifa, some miles below the town, under the shadow of the promontory of Carmel. To the eastward of Acre stretched the great plain of Esdraelon, one of the battle- grounds of the world. Acre itself stands on an arrow-headed peninsula jutting out to the west. The land wall is at the base of the triangular arrow-head. Guy began the investment with but nine thousand men. Acre was amply garrisoned and _ provisioned. Saladin contented himself by throwing a large force into it commanded by two val- iant emirs, Malchub and Karacush, the lattera hunchback. They were veterans of approved skill and courage. The forces of Guy were constantly augmented by swarms of Crusaders from all parts of Europe. Neither the Saracens nor the Christians retained command of the sea. The crusading ships sailed away as fast as they came, and the relieving ships from Egypt, after discharging their cargoes, also departed. The siege pro- ACRE; CONSTANTINOPLE - 4. _ 2 G ST. JEAN D’ACRE, 1799 ceeded in a leisurely manner, marked by frequent sallies and attacks for a short time. Saladin, appreciating at last the seri- ousness of the situation, assembled a great army from all parts of Asia, with which he surrounded the besiegers. By this time the Christians mustered nearly one hundred thousand men. To feed and provide for such a multitude was a task of the greatest magnitude. When- ever ships landed reenforcements, the Christians had plenty to eat. Most of the time they were at starvation-point, for Saladin held the country with an iron grip. The sultan still maintained communication with the town, although every day was marked by the hardest kind of fighting. There wasn’t a deal of military science on either side, but what- ever there was of strategy and tactics was exhibited by the Arabs. JOACHIM MURAT of Napoleon’s principal generals in front One of Acre

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710 GENERAL KLEBER With 4,000 French he held 30,000 Turks at bay before Acre The besieging force had now grown so strong that on October 4, 1189, an attack was launched upon Saladin’s en- circling lines. In three bodies, the right commanded by the king, the left by the Grand Master of the Templars, the cen- ter by Montferrat, the Crusaders left their entrenchments and marched to- ward Saladin’s camp. So. confident were the Christians of success that the cry of one of the barons as he led forth his men was, ‘‘Let God remain neuter and the victory is ours!’ As they were marching from the center outward, the three bodies diverged widely, lost touch with one another, and, in effect, fought three separate battles. The center division fought its way forward until it actually broke Saladin’s line and seized his personal camp. The Arabian light-horsemen were driven back before the onslaught of the mail-clad Crusaders, and the day ap- peared to be lost. The Crusaders were always incoherent and _ undisciplined

THE GREAT SIEGES OF HISTORY organizations. Their leaders lost com- mand of them; they broke ranks and be- gan to pillage the camp. On the right, the advance was delayed by marsh and river, and was more hotly contested. On the left, the battle was raging furiously. From all parts of the field the Saracens rallied to the support of their monarch. <A reserve which he had posted conveniently was not yet in action. His emirs thought the defeat was retrievable, and they pressed the sultan to advance at once. Saladin decided to wait till the Latins began to retire. He reformed his horsemen, brought up his reserve and reattacked the Crusaders as they left his camp to return to their own. Unprepared and unsuspicious, the Latins were driven from the tents, and in their disorder could present no effective resistance to the furious charges of the Moslems. Striving to reform, they were swept back in terrific confusion. The only thing that saved them from utter annihilation was the quick movement of the right wing, which was thrown by the king on the sweeping Arabian advance in a desperate endeavor to stem it. The hardest fighting availed little, and the right and center were soon driven headlong back to their fortified camp. SIR SIDNEY SMITH He balked Napoleon at the siege of St. Jean d’Acre

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The plight of the Templars was more desperate. Stealing along the shore, a large party from the garrison fell upon the rear of the left, already hotly en- gaged, and it was soon swept away in utter rout. The Grand Master of the Templars was captured and slain. It was with the greatest difficulty that the besiegers regained their fortified camp. This Saladin did not venture to attack. In order to prevent further sallies from the town while waiting for additional re- enforcements, the Crusaders carried their lines from sea to sea, completely block- ading the city. The winter witnessed a comparative cessation of hostilities, but the Crusaders still continued the siege, and the following year was marked by renewed fighting. The pleas of the Christians were heeded by three of the most powerful mon- archs of the age—Frederick Barbarossa, an old man of seventy; Richard the Lion-Hearted, in the very prime of life; AORE; CONSTANTINOPLE 711 and Philip Augustus, a youth of twenty- three. Barbarossa, the German em- peror, was the greatest monarch of the age. He led his force overland, but was unfortunately drowned while ba- thing in the Calycadnus River, in Asia Minor. A division of his troops under his son, the Duke of Swabia, reenforced the besiegers, however. Philip and Richard, the former the greater king, the latter the better soldier, were more fortunate. They came by sea, and reached Acre in the spring of 1191 with- out mishap. Their arrival put a different face on the situation. Their armaments were the choicest that could be procured, their soldiers the finest in Europe. The attack of the town was pressed with great vehemence. Bombarding ships assailed it from the seaward side with fire-towers. Vast wooden structures were built by the French and English engineers, carrying battering-rams in CRUSADERS ENTERING CONSTANTINOPLE AFTER THE CITY’S CAPITULATION APRIL 10, a Bie 4 - oH > sik 1204

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712 their lower stories, and drawbridges to drop upon the walls in the upper stories. The towers were filled with armed men, and were rolled on wheels to the attack. Batteries of huge petrarie, or catapults, threw enormous stones which battered the towers and curtains to pieces. The walls were mined, supported temporarily on stakes, which, when burnt, would cause the walls to give way. There was fighting all along the line continuously, in spite of jealousies and rivalries among the Christians. Saladin attacked the besiegers again CAPTURE OF CONSTANTINOPLE BY MOHAMMED II, AFTER FIFTY-THREE THE GREAT SIEGES OF HISTORY wooden towers of Philip and Richard, although they had been covered with green hides or with iron plates to prevent this. The ships of the Crusaders close- ly blockaded the town and prevented succor from the sea. It was evident at last that the most furious onslaughts of the sultan could not break the ring of steel that surrounded the devoted city. Starvation, disease, reigned behind the ruined walls. A capit- ulation was inevitable. After sustaining the siege for twenty-three months, on the 12th of July, 1191, the town gave up. DAYS' SIEGE. MAY 19, 1453 and again. On one side they beat back the hosts of the Turkish sultan, on the other they launched assault after assault on the doomed town. Knights: and soldiers vied with each other in prodig- ious deeds of valor and resolution. Al- beric Clement, the first marshal of France on record, was killed on the walls. Every attack of the besiegers was met with the most desperate defense on the part of the besieged. Countermining was resorted to by the garrison. Greek fire, that mysterious compound so ter- rible in its effects, burnt the great The conditions of the surrender re- quired a payment of two hundred thou- sand pieces of gold, which Saladin en- gaged to provide. Three thousand of the noblest of the garrison were held as security. Payment not being forth- coming at the time appointed, Richard coolly murdered his captives. Acre had fallen, but a fearful price had been paid for it, in which were counted six archbishops—including Baldwin of Can- terbury—twelve bishops, forty earls, five hundred barons and, so it is alleged, three hundred thousand soldiers. 50 The

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Saracens, in the words of their chroniclers, had indeed defended it ‘‘as the lion de- fends his blood-stained lair.’’ The Christians were finally expelled from Palestine, and in 1291 the last spot in which they maintained them- selves in the Holy Land was Acre. It then contained one hundred thousand inhabitants and twenty thousand men under arms. Sultan Khalil besieged it with a force of sixty thousand horse and one hundred and forty thousand foot. The Christians held it for thirty- three days, when the Mohammedans took The hand-to-hand fighting ditches and moats it by storm. was so terrific that the were filled with hu- man bodies, and the conquerors struggled to the breaches over the dead men as a bridge. The soldiers were killed to a man, and thousands of in- habitants were put to the sword. The nuns in the town mutilated their faces terribly to preserve their virginity. The Templars held a strong building in the town for three days after the place had been taken, and this citadel was captured ACRE; CONSTANTINOPLE 713 up the coast from Cairo on what he believed would be a mere military promenade. Joppa fell into his hands after feeble resistance. On the plea of military necessity, he caused two thousand Turkish prisoners who had surrendered on assurance of safety to be murdered ruthlessly in cold blood by his soldiers. He could neither feed them nor detach a guard from his small army to care for them! The story of this deed nerved the Turks to despera- tion. They had nothing to gain by surrender. In any case their lives would be the forfeit. They would fight therefore in the future like men with halters around their necks. Acre was an utterly insignificant town at this time. Bonaparte expected to take it as easily as he did Joppa. It was held by a Turkish garrison under Achmet Djezzar Pasha—Achmet the Butcher! It is proba- ble—certain, in fact —that he would not have been able to with- stand the French assault but for certain strokes of good fortune. The great siege-guns with which only after all but ten TOWER FILLED WITH ARMEDMEN, the French intended oe WITH DRAWBRIDGE AND BAT- caiiaieee ah waite knights had been TERING-RAM IN LOWER to reduce the walls slain. The seizure STORIES were sent by sea from by Khalil ended what Gibbon has aptly called ‘‘the world’s debate’’ on the shores of Palestine. More than five hundred years there- after, Acre was forced to stand another siege. Advancing from Cairo with twelve thousand men, General Bonaparte, who had just overrun Egypt, found it block- ing his way on March 19, 1799. His plan was for Constantinople and the Orient. His dream was one of the most magnificent that have ever been enter- tained by a great captain. He ex- pected to accomplish it with his dis- ciplined soldiers and the disaffected people without difficulty. He marched Alexandria. These guns fell into the hands of Sir Sidney Smith, who, with two ships of the line, the ‘“‘Tiger,’’ his own, and the ‘‘Theseus,’’ Captain Miller, an American, was patrolling these waters. With Sir Sidney was a French officer Phélippeaux, a Royalist, who had been a schoolmate of Bonaparte at Brienne. Phélippeaux was an engineer of the first order. He took charge of the re- pairing and strengthening of the fortifi- cation, while Sir Sidney Smith was the mainstay of the defense. The task before the French was an impossible one. With light field-artillery they could do little to the walls. Bonaparte’s

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714 THE GREAT SIEGES OF HISTORY genius did not shine in the slow and tedious work of the siege. Nevertheless,, the attack on Acre was pressed with tremendous energy. Mines were ex- ploded beneath the walls, breaches were made, assault after assault was deliv- ered. On several occasions the town was penetrated, but- when they passed through the broken walls the French encountered another rampart created by the genius of Phélippeaux. When the Turks inclined to give up, they were reanimated by the English. A huge relieving army was assembled and despatched to attack the besiegers in the rear. Bonaparte detached Kléber with four thousand of his best men to hold this army in check. On the 16th of April, 1799, Kléber was attacked by a force of thirty thousand, largely caval- ry, under the shadow of Mount Tabor. Deborah and Barak, three thousand years before, had gone down from that mount and ten thousand men had gone with them to meet and discomfit Sisera, the Assyrian. Throwing his men into a square, Kléber beat off a series of gallant charges. Yet his position was critical. His pow- der began to run low. He was relieved by Bonaparte, who left a small detach- ment in the French lines to watch the town, and marched to assist his lieu- tenant with the balance of his force. As he came in sight of the battle early in the morning, all he could see was a vast body of men careering about a circle of flame and smoke. Although he had less than three thousand men, he deployed them and actually surrounded the Turks. Murat, with a handful of cavalry, took possession of the Turkish camp. Bona- parte fell on the Mamelukes like a tem- pest and drove them into utter and abso- lute defeat. There was no fear of that army or any other raising the siege thereafter. Yet the town seemed as strong as ever. Although Phélippeaux died from the great heat, a good successor was a young Englishman named Douglas. Bonaparte had by this time got some siege-guns from Egypt and had made great breaches in the wails. On the evening of the 7th of May, thirty sail were seen in the offing. They were Turkish ships bringing reenforce- ments. The wind failed, and Bonaparte calculated that it would take at least six hours before they could be landed. At 10 p. m. a desperate assault was made. Again the French soldiers forced their way through the breaches into the city. There was terrible fighting in the streets. General Rambaud was killed. The intrepid Lannes was des- perately wounded. The Turks were be- ginning to give way. Again Sir Sidney Smith came to the rescue. He armed the crews of his ships and led them in person to the succor of the besieged. The onslaught of these fresh sailors proved too much for the exhausted French. Contesting every foot of the ‘way, they were driven once more without the walls. Affairs were hopeless by this time, yet Bonaparte could not make up his mind to abandon the siege. On the 10th of May he called upon his brave soldiers for another assault. The spirit with which they responded is indicated by the remark of Colonel Venoux, who commanded one of Kléber’s regiments which had not hitherto assaulted. “If St. Jean d’Acre be not taken this evening,’’ he cried, as he marched past his little captain, ‘‘be sure that Venoux is among the slain.’’ St. Jean d’Acre was not taken that evening, but Venoux lay dead at the foot of its walls. The valor of the French troops could not effect the impossible. Bonaparte was forced to raise the siege, which had lasted sixty-two days. He had lost four gen- erals and four thousand men. The Eng- lish captain had brought about his de- feat. ‘‘That man,’’ he said afterward at St. Helena, ‘‘caused me to miss my destiny.”’ Byzantium of the Greek, Constanti- nople of the Roman, Stamboul of the Turk, the home of the Cesars of the East and the Sublime Porte of the Califs of the West, for many years disputed with Rome the primacy of the world. The Goth, the Vandal, the Hun and the Persian, the Avar, the Bulgarian, the Russian, the Frank, successively

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assailed it in vain. Impregnable behind the walls of Theodosius, it stood for one thousand years. None of the many soldiers who hurled themselves upon it had ever entered it under arms save the Latins and the Turks. In 1203-4, the leaders of the Fifth Crusade espoused the cause of the right- ful emperor, Alexius IV, who had been deposed by pretenders and who had bought their assistance by conformity to the Latin church and acknowledg- ment of the supremacy of the pope. These Crusaders stopped on their way to the Holy Land to seize the city. They could make no impression whatever upon the massive walls that defended it from the landward side, but the Venetian galleys, led by the Doge Enrico Dandolo, a marvelous old man of ninety- six, and blind, assailed the weaker walls along the Golden Horn and finally effected the capture of the city on the 10th of April, 1204. Dandolo, sword in hand, was among the first on the wall!* The line of Latin emperors held Con- stantinople for sixty years, when it was recovered with little difficulty by Michael Palewologus. Meanwhile, the growing power of the Turks had spread itself over Asia Minor and had crossed the Bosporus, estab- lishing itself at Adrianople. The Mo- hammedans were ancient enemies of the empire. Amurath II besieged the city successfully in the year 1422. Upon the death of this monarch, his son, Mohammed, called the Conqueror, determined finally to effect its capture. Constantinople had ample warning of the attack which was to be launched upon it. Constantine XII appealed in vain to Christian Europe for assistance to enable him to hold the last bulwark in the East against the Turks. He be- came reconciled to the Latin church, received a papal legate in his capital, but got little more than fair words in answer to his pleas. Giustiniani, a noble ACRE; CONSTANTINOPLE 715 Genoese, with some two thousand men- at-arms, came tohisaid. To defend his great capital he had less than twelve thousand men. There were one hundred thousand people left in the city, but of the Greeks not more than four thousand could be induced to bear arms. On the land side, Constantinople was defended by a ditch and a counterscarp and a double wall. The inner wall commanded the outer. The towers and ramparts were of massive construction and were impregnable to the ordinary machinery of sieges. There had been in the service of Constantine a Dacian artillerist and engineer named Urban. His pay was in arrears. A _ project for casting large cannon that he brought before the authorities, which in- volved a considerable expenditure, met with no response. He resigned from the Greek service and offered himself to Mohammed. The Turk provided him with money and encouraged his experiments. He produced some sixty enormous cannon, the largest having a bore sufficiently capacious to admit a man’s body and firing a ball weighing six hundred pounds. It is not too much to say that these guns decided the fate of the city, for this was the first siege in which gunpowder was used on a large scale. The investment began on April 7, 1453. The principal entrance to Constan- tinople was the St. Roman Gate. Mo- hammed concentrated his attack upon this point. The great walls and ponder- ous towers were beaten to pieces. Huge breaches were made in the curtains, at which he launched assault after assault. They were repulsed by the defenders with most magnificent firmness and courage. The emperor showed himself a very paladin of valor. Five ships, mainly Venetian, laden with provisions, finally broke through the blockading fleet and greatly encouraged the de- fenders. The town of Galata was held * Enrico Dandolo, Doge of Venice, whose prowess, in spite of his blindness, changed the face of Europe, was born of a family already illustrious. The tradition as to the loss of his sight, upon which, however, grave doubt has been cast, is that he was sent by the republic of Venice as ambassador to Constantinople, and that Manuel, the emperor there, tortured him by compelling him to gaze into a polished metal basin which concentrated the rays of the sun till excess of light destroyed the eyes. There is reason to believe that when Dandolo joined the ex- pedition against Jerusalem, he was not moved by any great degree of crusading enthusiasm, but was mindful rather of the infamous treatment he had received. one year 4fter the establishment of the Latin empire at Constantinople. Dandolo died in 1205,

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716 by a colony of Genoese who, from com- mercial reasons, basely remained neutral in the struggle raging. An immense chain which closed the entrance to the Golden Horn could not be forced by the weak ships of Mohammed. He therefore conceived and carried out the arduous task of transporting them over- land back to Pera and Galata and launch- ing them on the Golden Horn. He was instantly attacked by the Venetians with two large galleys and a number of smaller ships. Cannon were used against these ships with signal success. One was beaten off, the other sunk. A num- ber of Venetians were captured and were immediately decapitated by the Turks. Constantine grimly retaliated by be- heading all his Turkish prisoners, on the walls in full sight of the padishah’s camp. Thereafter the city was assailed on the north, the water side, and on the west, the land side, simultaneously. Sally after sally was made, but the ter- rible wearing-down process reduced the besieged to the lowest ebb. ‘They were unable to repair the breaches. There were scarcely men enough left to fill the gaps in the walls with their bodies. Treachery and half-hearted support weakened the efforts of the defenders. It was evident to every one that the end was at hand. Constantine had been urged again and again to fly from the city. He had gallantly refused to leave his post. He could, he would die, but under no circumstances would he retreat or surrender. On the night of the 18th of May, he realized that he could not beat off another attack. For the last time, the Holy Communion was administered that night in the great temple with which Justinian had sought to rival King Solomon. The next day the final as- sault was delivered. Incredible as it may seem, the garrison actually held their own at the St. Roman Gate in spite of the hordes of assailants who strove to carry that place. Constantine was every- where animating them and fighting with them. A forgotten and long-unused gate, or a neglectful sentry, at last per- mitted the Turks to effect an entrance to the town near the Circus. Through THE GREAT SIEGES OF HISTORY this open way Mohammed hurled a great body of his choicest janizaries. They attacked the defenders of the St. Roman Gate in flank and rear. Giustiniani, who had conducted himself like a hero, was wounded in the hand. The pain was excruciating. His nerve gave way. He fled from the field, followed by many of his men, and escaped on his ships, only to die a few days later, bitterly repenting his defection. Constantine disdained to fly. The place for him to die was there and his hour had come. Some of the Genoese refused to leave him and remained with him, and of faithful Greeks there were not a few. For a short time the battle raged furiously. Fearful lest he should be taken alive by his conquerors, Con- stantine sought a friendly hand to kill him. A better death than suicide was his fortune. There were plenty of blades in the hands of his enemies to strike him down. Fighting like a common soldier, his own weapon red with the blood of the slain, he fell by the hand of some un- known man. They found him the next day under a heap of dead, and recog- nized him by the royal trappings he wore. Thousands of men and women were crowded in Santa Sofia. The monks and priests, who if they had possessed the spirit of the Latin Soldiers of the Cross would have been upon the walls, were there in expectation of a miracu- lous and angelic interposition. It never came. The Turks streaming through the streets, carrying fire and sword on every hand, broke open the doors of the church. There was no massacre. The unresisting people were taken as slaves. Later in the day, Mohammed rode on horseback into the temple. They tell the story of a mark left by his bloody hand on one of the columns, the sign- manual of the conqueror. As the tri- umphant Turk walked through the ruined and deserted pa:ece of the dead emperor, he is said to have repeated the following melancholy couplet from the Persian poet Firdusi: “The spider hath wove his web in the Ceesars’ palace hall, And the owl is made the sentinel on the towers of Afrasiab.’’

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By COS Life, two people 4 stood—both discontent. And to the question, ‘‘What do you expect of me?’? one made answer with weary voice: ‘‘I am distracted by the cruelty of thy contradictions. Feebly my rea- son strives to understand the meaning of existence, and with perplexing gloom my heart is filled before thee. My cqn- sciousness doth tell me man is the high- est of creations.’’ “What wouldst thou have of me?” fearless, questioned Life. “Happiness! For my happiness it is necessary that thou shouldst recon- cile two endless chains of contradictions in my breast, brought about by my ‘I will’ and thy ‘Thou must.’ ” “Will that which for me thou must,’’ Life sternly said. “T do not wish to be thy victim!’’ the man exclaimed. ‘I wish to be the sovereign of life, and am compelled to bend the neck beneath her yoke of laws —wherefore?’”’ “Speak plainer,’? put in the other fellow, standing nearer Life; but, heed- less of his companion’s words, the first went on: “T wish for freedom—to live in har- mony with my desires, and do not want to be unto my neighbor, from sense of duty, either a brother or a servant. I would be that which I should freely choose—a slave or brother. I do not wish that in society I shall constitute a block, of which society may dispose at will. I am a man, the mind, the spirit of life; I must be free!’ “One moment,’’ interrupted Life, smiling sternly. ‘“Thou ‘didst speak at length, and all that thou wouldst further say is known to me. Thou wouldst be free? Well—be so! Wrestle, subdue me and become my master; then will I be thy slave. Thou knowest I am not partial and ever yielded readily to conquerors. But thou must conquer. Art thou prepared to battle with me for *This is one of three sketches by Gorky, whose publication was prohibited in Russia. been translated for CONFRONTING LIFE* MAXIM GORKY thy freedom’s sake? Yes? Art strong enough for victory, and in thy strength hast confidence?’’ And the man said, mournfully: ‘‘Thou hast set me at war with mine own self; thou hast made keen my reason like a blade—deep, deep it plunged into my heart and crushed it.”’’ “Be more severe with stop complaining,’’ again other man. But the first continued: respite from thy oppression. a taste of happiness!”’ Life smiled again, a smile like gleam- ing ice: “‘Tell me, when thus thou speakest, dost thou demand or beg’?’’ “T beg,’’ came like an echo from the man. “You beg, like a habitual mendicant. But I must tell thee, poor unfortunate, Life bestows no alms. And—-do you know?—the free ask not, they take my gifts themselves. Why, thou, thou art but the slave of thy desires, no more. Free is he who hath the power to with- draw himself from all desires and throw his total strength into but one. Didst understand? Away!’’ He understood, and, crouching dog- like at Life’s indifferent feet, made ready to pick up submissively the stray crums that fell from off her table, her leavings. Then did the lack-luster eyes of stern Life glance at the other man—his was a rough but kindly face: ‘What do you ask?”’ “T ask not, I demand. ‘‘What?”’ the tyrant; put in the “I want a Give me ‘Justice! Come, give her up. All else I will take later; meantime I do insist on naught but justice. I waited long; patiently I waited; my days were spent in labor, sans rest, sans light! I waited——- But enough! I seek for justice !”’ And unto him Life calmly answered: ‘“‘Take.”’ It has “The Cosmopolitan’’ by Frances Kovitch.

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THE FRENCH MOTHER By CHARLES WAGNER, Author of the “Simple Life” OR a long time, it was considered a mark of bad taste in France to speak to young girls of their future maternity, although the bonds of na- ture hold the little girl and her doll too closely together for it ever to have be- come any one’s idea to separate them. And many little girls with us—as doubt- less elsewhere also—grow into big girls without ceasing to play with their dolls. But unless they have the good fortune to have very little brothers or sisters, or have a sufficiently large surrounding, they scarcely ever have the opportunity of enjoying a real infant. And con- sequently the maternal instinct, lively even in the young girl, remains without nourishment. As to telling her of all that awaits her in her life as wife and mother, that seems abnormal, indis- creet, almost improper. Our modern conventional life presents these anoma- lies—or, as they might better be ex- pressed, monstrosities. The ideas of to-day have been greatly modified on this point as on many others. We are beginning to attach a high de- gree of importance to the practical education of young girls. A splendid initiative has been taken within the past few years. Women of heart and mind have set about reforming those French customs that apply to the prepa- ration of the woman for her special duties. For the common people, cooking-schools, courses in sewing and household science, have been started, and instruction given in matters of hygiene that concern the home. The middle class could not fail to do for its daughters what has been done for those of the workman. Very recently a school was opened in Paris, the School for Mothers, which has been organized under the direction of a re- markable woman, Mme. Augusta Moll- Weiss. She comes from Bordeaux, where for several years she has been teaching those branches of feminine education that she now wishes to culti- vate in the capital. Many earnest and devoted persons have interested them- selves in this budding enterprise. I shall do my best to encourage and sustain it. This is sufficient testimony as to the manner in which our young girls are being fitted for their prospective rdle of mothers; let me now attempt some ob- servations as to the fashion in which their duties are practised by the women of France. But in passing, a word must be said of those who donot rear children, who are, in general, inimical to maternity. There are women to whom children are a bore. They do not desire them.

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They keep themselves from maternity as if it were a serious fault. If, how- ever, an evil destiny wills that they have one or more children, they con- sider that they have depreciated. Their freedom or their beauty has been im- paired, and for this they hold a grudge against the unfortunate little ones for whose existence they are responsible. It is sufficient, it is altogether too much, that they have brought children into the world with pain and humilia- tion to themselves. The days of wait- ing have been days of torment; the hour of birth a moment when they have been hurt much more in their self-esteem than in their flesh. But—let me hasten to say it—such women are rare among us. Less rare, however, are those who, with no dislike for maternity itself, have no taste for its too absorbing de- mands. A conflict rages between their passion for the world and their mother- love. They surrender to the world and sacrifice their maternity. They make the sacrifice, perhaps, in tears; their souls are torn with astounding contradictions—but still they make it just the same. And from this trans- action, which the conscience gets the worst of, there result many harassed, restless lives for the mother, and dull, loveless ones for the child. Many rich children are certainly less happy than those of the poor, for the latter have their mothers’ whole affection, while the former often see this parent only at rare intervals, and then usually under hurried and pressing circumstances. Still, it is owing to the truth to say that one meets many women of the world for whom all the conven- tions of fashionable society must give way to maternity. There is, for them, no comparison between the mother- happiness, kept up as it is at every moment by little duties and little acts of devotion, and the most prized of worldly satisfactions. And it must be said to the credit of the.human race that these women are honored and respected even by those whose sense of duty denies them all luxury and frivolous tastes. THE FRENCH MOTHER 719 Among the middle class, the simpler setting for the scene of living, family tradition, and the whole ensemble of the domestic arrangement, bring the chil- dren much nearer the mother. In that sphere, domesticity does not prevent women from busying themselves with their children and from doing for them- selves. The woman who does not suckle her child refrains from doing so through some stern necessity; the doctor will have forbidden it for serious reasons, or a business position makes it impossible.. It is very difficult for a professional woman or the wife of a petty tradesman to nurse her children. Sometimes in a large city, the state of a child’s health demands that it be taken while very young to the country. The mother’s occupation keeps herin town. But such a separation is always a painful sacri- fice; everything is done before making it. Maternal devotion is the usual thing; negligence and indifference are the exceptions. With the common peo- ple it is the same. You must know them as I do—these Parisian working- men’s families—to realize the almost superhuman amount of work and priva- tion that the mother accepts for the love of her children. As a general thing, the women of the people stand very close to their children, and they have several to protect and to care for at the same time. It is difficult enough to make a home in their lodgings and ob- tain any degree of comfort. But when it becomes a question of fresh air for the little family, that is a real problem. To get the little ones down ill-constructed staircases from an upper story into the street is a positively dangerous under- taking. The mother, to prevent her children falling, frequently carries all together. She is as laden as a poor beast of burden. But she does not complain. I have observed hundreds and thousands of women of the people at work in the midst of their children, and I have always found them possessed of admirable good will and tenderness. Intelligence may often be wanting, and discipline, and common sense; they spoil their children oftener than they bring them up properly—but that is

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THE through ignorance. As soon as they perceive there are better ways of doing things, they hasten to profit by good counsel and good example. When the child reaches school-age, the mother is much relieved. But now, especially among the ‘‘petite bour- geoisie,’"’ she is called upon to fill another rodle. It is that of tutor. The father, as a usual thing, has no time to look after the hearing of his son’s les- sons. It is the mother who takes this upon herself. There are good secondary schools in every town of importance. To these the citizens send their children, but not as boarders. French customs are much changed on this point. The dormitory has not disappeared from the college or the lycée, but it is taken advantage of only by those parents who live too far from the school for their children to return home every night. Now, to send a child—especially a girl—to a city school a mile or a mile and a half away, is a problem, especially if it is a matter of escort twice or perhaps four times a day. One person must be expressly assigned to this duty. The mother often devotes herself to it. You should see, in the reception-rooms of the Paris lycées, the mothers waiting for their sons. As soon as each appears, the parent kisses him; it is the mother- right. But then begin the trembling questions, and it is the tutor now who speaks——‘‘How do you stand?’ ‘‘Are you among the first ten?’’ “Show me your note-books.’’ The mothers are often not content with merely waiting for their sons; they stay until the teach- er comes in order to get explanations, to ask questions and make demands. Some of the more aggressive mothers are the terrors of the professors. But for a few of these indiscreet women, how many good ones are there who take their sons’ studies earnestly to heart! Nothing escapes them! Some men of the teaching profession find them, in- deed, altogether too watchful. They act as the consciences and constant guardians of their sons so well that the boys become too much accustomed to being controlled and watched to control and watch themselves. FRENCH MOTHER And just here we touch upon a fault in the motherhood of France. ‘The French mother does too much for her children, her sons particularly. Her solicitude is unceasing; her love is un- tiring. The children’s studies are pushed and directed to such a degree that if perchance this control is ever relaxed, the young pupil, feeling at once the lack of guidance, finds himself entirely at sea, or breaks away altogether. He has not learned to govern himself. As for the _ child’s’ health, the mother does too much coddling, and often weakens the constitution by ex- cess of care, while a timid nature is de- veloped by constant talking of microbes and contagion. As a general thing, French mothers are better for very young children than for adolescents. But it would be quite possible for them to pass from the system of protection to one allowing more freedom. How- ever, I know personally many mothers who have made men out of their sons. They have been entirely equal to the task. Here and there in my memory I can pick out examples of finely edu- cated young men of whom a watch- ful, intelligent mother has been the principal inspiration. And sometimes she has been a widow who, by force of a clear-seeing energy, has sclved the difficult problem of controlling the for- mation of a man’s character. In certain other cases, when the father has neglected his duty or set a bad example to his son, the mother, by her great patience, tact and devotion, has settled the boy in the right path. There is one thing that French mothers do not do enough. That is to separate from their growing boys, to send them to the school of life, outside the home, and into situations where they must look after themselves. The mother’s happiness is complete only with her children around her: let life not keep them too much apart. From this arise too fearsome ideas of distance, and a too timid attachment to the natal soil or the maternal city. The difficulty is that it is very re- luctantly admitted among the French that the time must come for the nestling

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THE to use its own wings. I have seen most excellent parents worry themselves near- ly to death because a daughter will not acquiesce in their ideas, or wish to ac- cept the husband of their To a son or a daughter, very devoted but independent, it is often said, ‘“‘You love choice. me no longer.”’ But if we have somewhat delicate point, the good will and the French above all praise, even if sometimes far- breadth of touched here upon a love of mothers are sightedness and mind be somewhat lacking. One which may universally when it the mothers of France, is that the mother first place the The Michelet, describing the state of remark be almost applied concerns takes over wife. great soul of a very young wife who had just realized that she was to become a moth- er, emphasizes this point and says, “Ah, young husband, henceforth you have a rival.’’ Such a mental state seems abnormal, unless the woman has not found in marriage a sufficient degree of affection. The heart longing for tenderness then turns to the child, and itself with what it has been denied. This in some cases is undoubtedly the explanation of the predominance of the mother over the wife, but in the finest unions, and often- seeks to console est then with the consent—I might say the complicity—of the husband himself, after the children come, the mutual feelings of the parents become a matter of secondary importance. This is so accepted, so understood, that every one is satisfied with such a state of affairs. The contrary seems rather to be a matter for astonishment. There is a temptation to consider as parents those who get their due affection before giving tenderness their children. I found myself one day by the sick- bed of a sweet and perfect young mother. Her condition was grave; death visibly approaching. Then, amidst her sobbing, the dear soul said to me, “I I can almost bad of mutual to was am most distressed because re- proach myself with having always loved more than my children. words I calmed the ” my husband With earnest FRENCH MOTHER 721 troubled heart. the victim of a conventional error. was perfectly right in loving her husband more than her children. Of this I absolutely convinced. the interest the union fection of the parents first thing in family life. The young woman wa She am of the children mutual Even in and af- should the It is morally themselves, be unhealthy for the child to feel that he comes first and the parents after him. All education, all discipline, suffer by it. And the child, in the long run, finding sacrifice and self- effacement on the part of the parents accepted as natural, attains a condition of naive egoism which leads to hardness of heart and ingratitude. The mothers of France do not under- stand this sufficiently. But they love their children enough be entirely disposed to take a new stand on the day when the great objections of the present situation will have become clear to them. The child is the future; and the part of the mother great in the creation of that future. But she must that one of the conditions of becoming a man is to have been first real child—through the modesty contents itself with taking second place, through the respect shown to parents, through the absence of pretension. In this motive must we have a spirit of complete immolation, a pure joy in sacrificing ourselves to the very little ones, or the larger girls and boys. Let us know how to repress our love and control our devotion. To them, to coddle them, to serve them too much, To school the more to is learn a child—a which love is to become their enemies. them better to the harsh voice world, to make them less timid, capable of effort, and more respectful as well, to preserve their best for us this is not egoism; it is wisdom, a clear- seeing affection. I should be greatly astonished in these remarks upon the mothers of France, not to have found some to fit those of America in spite of all educational differences of the two sides of the ocean. Then I shall have proved once more what I have long believed, that when we get to the bottom of things, we are all alike. ot

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A MODERN “SWISS FAMILY ROBINSON” THE STORY OF THE SHIPWRECK OF A GREAT PACIFIC STEAMER WITH ITS DISTINGUISHED COMPANY OF PASSENGERS—HOW THEY LIVED FOR THREE YEARS ON AN ISLAND, AND THEIR FINAL RESCUE By JOHN BRISBEN WALKER xI HE first twelve months of colony life had passed away. Many problems had come up for settlement in that time. Of the colonists, the fit had gradually been differentiated from the unfit. But, strange to say, the lines of demarcation between the two had not become more noticeable, as would have been the case in their old competitive life at home, but were being gradually obliterated. Men and women did not pride themselves specially on being able to do certain things. As there was no financial reward in the island based upon accomplishment, the different classes of labor were not accentuated as in the old days at home. The colonists began to lose sight of the difference between the _ several talents of men and women. The skill of the man who drove from his plane the long, white, fragrant pine shaving was by many admired equally with the bright intellect which devised schemes of improvement for the colony. To do one thing really well became the ideal of the island. No matter how humble the task—that is, humble according to the standards of the old home-life— satisfaction was in proportion to the de- gree of accomplishment. Public thought did not concern itself with the relative importance of the work turned out, for no necessity existed for such attempts at measurement. The attainment of riches was an im- possibility, inasmuch as the committees controlled all things for the benefit of all. And there was a psychological ad- vantage accompanying this state of affairs. It gave a sense of comfort not possible in a community where people are constantly gaging one another by a dollar standard. Although but four hours had been occupied in the daily labors of the colony, and the production had been by somewhat crude methods for the first year, it had already been discovered that this four hours’ daily labor was quite sufficient to produce considerably more than was needed for the wants of the community. <A part of the island had been found where cotton could be grown; and some machinery which was being forwarded to China was discovered in the hold of the vessel and set up where it could be operated by water- power; among this, machinery for gin- ning and weaving. The most delicate cotton cloths, almost with the fineness and texture of silk, were woven. There was no object to be attained in producing an inferior article. There was labor to spare: therefore it was nobody’s object to palm off a poor textile: the compet- itive system alone could be responsible for such products. Every one having artistic pretensions had been called upon to submit to Com- mittee VIII designs for simple costumes in this delicate silken-cotton fiber. The cloth suited the climate admirably, and the result was that men and women appeared in the white, clinging stuffs, after the work-day hours were over, to the greatest advantage. Attaching no value to property greatly simplifies life. As all knew that there was sufficient for all, there was no longer a motive for crime, except the one of sex jealousy. No law-officers were re- quired: no police. There was no waste in jails and reformatories. ‘There were no long hours spent in legal battles in court; there was no class of accountants

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bent upon proving figures and making theft impossible. There was no at- tempt to palm upon others impure food, or imperfectly made articles or poison- ous concoctions, in order that the con- cocter might obtain a small profit. In other words, the competition was purely friendly: never deadly. A generous feeling gradually over- spread the community and extended itself to all, even to those for whom, in their former life of competition, there had been written this translation of Omar’s quatrain: “But yours the cold heart, and the murderous tongue, The wintry soul that hates to hear a song, The close-shut fist, the mean and measur- ing eye, And all the little poisoned ways of wrong.”’ Most important of all, there was no class of humbugs in the community. The good men who preached the Gospel of Jesus Christ to the colonists did so because their spirits breathed the feeling of Christ—not because by it they ob- tained a living. These reverend gentle- men, archbishop and bishop as well, each gave his four hours of labor, each of six days, and every man and woman in the community did likewise. The committees who governed took four hours of labor in the fields or at the work-bench, and met for consulta- tion afterward, feeling honored to have placed upon them the responsibilities of the community, and each gladly giving this extra labor. In fact, the basis upon which the or- ganization of the community was effect- ed, was that of one of our great modern country clubs—all giving something toward the housing, the feeding and the entertainment of all; the members of the club gladly serving without pay or reward, except that of honorable position upon the committees waich take in hand the duties required for the regulation of house and table, and indoor and outdoor entertainment. Jealousies which had been alarmingly prevalent in the early days of the colony, began to disappear. The causes for their excitation had gradually been removed: dress was simple, household JOHN BRISBEN WALKER—FIOCTION 723 furnishing was not extravagant. It was possible for one to achieve promi- nence only by service to the community. Having ample time after working-hours, people were able to devote themselves to the service of their neighbors—nurs- ing them in sickness, helping to enter- tain, helping to educate. This sounds difficult, accustomed as we are to the hurly-burly and overtoil of our stren- uous lives of competition: but it worked out in a simple, easy way. The following principles had been laid down: First: Education by the state shall begin at the age of two. Second: Education for the adult is even more important than education for the child, and should cease only with death. The ship’s library consisted of four thousand volumes. Captain Robinson of the ‘‘Manchu’’ was a man of bookish tastes. He had personally selected the ship’s library, and as his reading was broad, it covered not merely the usual collection of novels, but also a vast number of important philosophic, eco- nomic and scientific works. Every member of the colony was re- quired to appear before a subcommittee on education. This appearance gener- ally took the form of a visit by invi- tation to the home of the colonists. There, over afternoon tea, or perhaps at dinner, the acquirements of the would-be student were sounded and his or her tastes brought to the surface. Subse- quently, the committee would forward a table of suggestions as to volumes to be read in progressive order. These might be the subject of other conferences, until the ideas of the committee and the taste of the student could be brought in accord; or the entire program of the committee could be discarded and the student follow his or her own desires. For freedom of intellectual development was a recognized principle. All were supposed to give two hours a day to mental development. This could be easily done, as there were but four work-hours in the day. In the beginning there were a great many who shirked this part of the colonists’ program: but

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A MODERN “I vo — gradually the special committees would succeed in finding a point of interest within the colonist’s own mind, and after that it was easy to bring him up to his fullest standard of mental work. Amongst those who were on a trip the world was Mrs. Avery Winston. She had married, while still in her teens, the handsome Winston, who was so well known in the club-life of New York—attractive, fascinating in conversation, cold-blooded, cruel, dis- sipated. She had become the mother of three children, who had shared be- tween them their mother’s loveliness and some of their father’s worst traits. Her education had been under a mother who thought only of society, and in a fashionable school where the preparation was wholly intended to facilitate shining in social life. With the arrival of her first child, she found herself utterly destitute of knowl- edge regarding the duties of motherhood. Through endless blunders, most of them easily preventable if she had possessed knowledge, she advanced to the birth of her third child. By this time she began to grasp the meaning of mater- nity; she bought books, consulted those who professed to teach, and in a little while had become an earnest student of the science of training children. She saw developed in her oldest boy the traits of the father, and weakly struggled against them during the first three years. Finally, during a visit to Havana, the father and three children had been swept from her by yellow fever. On returning home, she resolved to devote herself to the cause of young mothers, aiding them by books which she caused to be published, and by an endless number of articles written at her suggestion, for which she secured admis- sion to the periodical press. On the island she had been made chairwoman of the subcommittee on child-education, and had been very determined in secur- ing the adoption of a program which other members of the committee viewed with alarm, as infringing upon the rights of the individual mother. If Mrs. Win- around ston could have had her full way, the child would have come under the super- ‘SWISS FAMILY ROBINSON ’’—FICTION vision of the committee at the hour of birth, for it was then, she claimed, that mothers began to make their serious mis- takes; but she compromised on the age of two. No one comprehended better than Mrs. Winston a mother’s love and the delight which the true mother finds in nursing her own child. Unlike the lawmakers of Draco’s time, she had no desire to remove the child from the mother. She sought only to help the latter in her tasks —to remove her ignorance, to strengthen her judgment, and to sustain her through the trials and tribulations of early motherhood. The first aid to this end was to be a “‘Mother’s Report,’’ made out upon a printed blank—a form at once instruct- ive to the mother and enabling her without much effort to tell the com- mittee just what course she was pursu- ing with reference to the training of her child, and the hygiene of its feeding and its surroundings. Upon the invita- tion of the mother, sympathetic members of the subcommittee would call to advise with her regarding the food, dress, fresh air and insistent training necessary for healthy childhood. Three doctors had been on board the ‘‘Manchu”’ at the time of her coming ashore. The Committee on Hygiene after consultation with these gentlemen, resolved that the medical corps should be devoted, not to Curative, but to Preventive measures. Their round of duties required the inspection once in two weeks of the living-quarters of every member of the community, with some study of the lives being led. The medical advice included suggestions as to the mode of life—as to overeating, quality of food, ventilation of sleeping- apartments, methods of bathing, and the many smaller items which contribute to the preservation of good health. Every important case of sickness was to be reported by the physician to the committee, with full explanation of its causes and of why the physician had been unable to prevent it. As the members of the colony saw the working out of this method, they laughed to themselves at the competitive had,

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system which had never recognized such a thing as regular medical inspection, and which had called in a doctor only after disease had firmly taken hold; a system which annually turned out of its colleges thousands of poor young men only to tempt them with the rewards to be obtained by keeping a patient in bed —temptations coming not infrequently to men driven to the severest stress in the support of wives and children. The religious side of the community was also an‘interesting one. But one sermon was preached every Sunday, though there were numerous services and different forms at earlier hours— the Catholic archbishop said mass at eight o’clock, the Episcopal bishop had his prayers and service at nine o’clock. At eleven o’clock the sermon of the day was delivered, no longer now in the great tent which had first served as a public meeting-place, but in a log hall capacious enough to seat the entire colony, which served at various times as clubhouse, theater, public hall and church. It had been the effort of the speakers of the various denominations—Presbyte- rian, Episcopalian, Baptist, Methodist, et cetera—to make their addresses ap- plicable to the state of affairs on the island. When, however, it came to Archbishop Renwick’s turn, he laid before him the Scriptures, and called their attention to the fact that Christ had preached to a state of society much like that in which they had formerly lived. He had come on earth at a time when the Roman plutocracy had tram- pled humanity into the very dust. “Everything to the few, nothing to the ” was the Roman plan. Christ had denounced these conditions with frightful vehemence. He had preached the equality of man, the brotherhood of man, the duty of all to help all kinds. He had commanded his Apostle to put up his sword, even in the protecting of His own person. This beautiful doctrine of humanity had so enraptured the world that in a century and a half Christians were in the predominance. Then came the seizing upon the religious organization by unscrupulous persons many, JOHN BRISBEN WALKER—FICTION for political purposes. To divert the minds of Christians from the noble doctrines of Christ, from the simple life inculcated, from His teachings against plutocracy, the power of empires was used to direct the practices of the church toward pomps and toward mysticism. The church was ofttimes made an ad- junct to the purposes of the most cor- rupt brigandage. And yet the simple teachings of Jesus Christ continued to shine through the mass of superfluities throughout the ages, until in the twen- tieth century it has begun to take tangi- ble form in the government of the world. The Equality and Fraternity which Christ taught are no longer meaningless terms. In the cool of the early morning, a couple on horseback were riding slowly beneath the spreading foliage which covered the island road. It was one of those glorious days when life seems in every way worth the living; when one is hopeful with a buoyancy that almost raises the body above the earth. It was that season when the colony horses were not needed for agriculture, and were occasionally used for little excursions over the island. Ralston had asked Miss Warden to ride with him to the caves, where they were to be met by Suzuki and Merry- weather, and the Japanese was to tell the story of his discoveries and his progress in developing radium ores. To go back a little: Soon after the arrival of his party from its adventurous boat-excursion, Ralston had become aware of a marked change in the manner of Miss Warden. She had taken pains to avoid him, and upon his pressing hi: attentions, had written a note expressing a desire that all intercourse between them should be at an end. Ralston was astounded, but undismayed. He sought an explanation without a mo- ment’s delay; but Miss Warden refused to meet him, and carefully avoided every occasion which would enable him to obtain light upon her sudden change of conduct. Although not a man to be content with such a condition of affairs, Ralston found in her a will quite equal to his

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726 own; and days and weeks and then months passed without his being nearer to an understanding. Meanwhile, she was surrounded by a great number of admirers. Amongst the most persistent of these was Marsden, who sought every occasion to be in her presence. And John Lodge, who had all his days led the life of a recluse, had at last fallen desper- ately in love. With the Japanese, Suzuki, it had been a case of love at first sight. With the first glance of her eyes, after she had been taken prisoner in the caves, he had mentally fallen in worship at her feet. Every idea was gone from him except this woman. And he was by no means the least interesting of those who sought her favor. Well read, with a wonderfully quick and active mind, and keen wit, although lacking in the sense of humor, he was a most entertaining companion. It was John Lodge who first discov- ered the part which Marsden had played in breaking off the relations between Ralston and Miss Warden. He had heard from Marsden the story of Ral- ston’s former life, and had not been sur- prised when Miss Warden had avoided the man whom the colony had accepted as her fiancé. More than a year had passed, with Miss Warden resolute, and Ralston no nearer to an understanding than at the very beginning of his trouble. But the other lovers of Edith Warden seemed to make no progress. She remained gracious to all, the life of every assembly; but extending special favor to none. John Lodge, who was a careful student of human nature, did not permit his own desperate devotion to obscure his mind. He saw clearly that his own suit was hopeless; equally clearly that none of those who made open love to Miss Warden had more of a chance than him- self. He did not doubt that there was an unknown; and after a time he be- came convinced that, however cold she might be in the presence of Ralston, he was after all the one man in whom she felt a profound interest. Lodge thereupon determined to know definitely of the former life cf Ralston. (To be continued) A MODERN “SWISS FAMILY ROBINSON’’—FICTION He observed him with care and could not believe that the very frank, fearless fellow who was always interesting him- self in the welfare of others, and to whom he had felt attached since the very morning after shipwreck, could be other than a manly man. Thereupon he began to sound Marsden. He obtained from him the stories placed in Edith Warden’s possession which had resulted so dis- astrously for Ralston. Marsden gave them with such detail as seemed to leave no doubt. Nevertheless, Lodge be- lieved that they were untrue. After a time, he had discovered the process by which Marsden had sought to supplant Ralston in Miss Warden’s favor. Then he resolved to go to Ralston direct and lay before him the charges. “Where did you get these stories?” Ralston asked. “That I must decline to tell.’ Ralston paced up and down for a couple of minutes. “IT know,” he said. answer. “Well, I can say that they are in- geniously constructed lies. There are a dozen touches of reality throughout them, but there is not a single element of truth. So far as the facts underlying the charges are concerned, they are ab- solutely without foundation.” Then he went to his trunk and brought out a mass of papers. One by one he laid them before Lodge. The keen business mind was able to detect im- mediately the semblances upon which the stories had been built up, and yet the utter unreality of every charge made. Thinking over the matter, he was able to follow the shrewd hand of Marsden. That evening, Lodge called on Edith Warden and asked the privilege of a private interview. She had long recognized John Lodge’s devotion to her, and believed that now she was to go through the uncomfortable experience of re- ceiving a declaration, and of being compelled to reject a splendid man well worthy of the best of women. As he proceeded, object of his visit, and after a time to compre- hend something of the injustice she had been doing Ralston. At the conclusion of the inter- view, she was in despair. How could this man, to whom she had given her soul, forgive her conduct? She was scarcely conscious of the debt due to Lodge as she gave him her hand in thanks. But Lodge was not yet through with his work, and he returned at once to Ralston. It was two days after this when our chapter opens with Ralston and Edith Warden on horseback. “You need not she began to realize the

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POBIEDONOSTSEFF The grand duke THE REACTIONARY Sergius, of Rus- sia, having made his exit to the accom- paniment of exploding dynamite, Con- stantini Petrovitch Pobiedonostseff, Pro- curator-General of the Holy Synod, steps to the front as the man most gener- ally hated by the members of the Social Democratic party in Russia. The pro- curator-general is credited with being the most influential member of the Rus- sian Council of State. He also is the most reaction- ary. The two facts are sufficient to com- mend him to the attention of the more violent of the Russian _ revolu- tionists. The Holy Synod —one of the admin- istrative bodies in the Russian govern- mental system—was established in 1720. CONSTANTINI PETROVITCH POBIEDONOSTSEFF Procurator of the Holy Synod It is composed mostly of ecclesiastics —the three Metropolitans of St. Peters- burg, Moscow and Kief, the Archbishops of Georgia and of Poland, and several bishops—but its head, the procurator- general, is a lay member. Together with the Council of the Empire, a purely consultative assembly; the Senate, which is the court of appeal in civil and criminal cases, and the Coun- cil of Ministers—all appointed by the czar and responsible to him alone—the Holy Synod forms a part of the bureau- cracy through which the czar exercises his absolute legislative and administrative power. The church in Russia has not only hampered the spread of liberal ideas among the people by discour- aging education, but also has contributed 26 EAS 2 SA eS NS a A NN EI AAR eS EEE A I ATI A FERS

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728 MEN, WOMEN THE LATE GRAND DUKE SERGIUS OF RUSSIA to the great poverty of the nation by an insistence on a large number of holy days, in order that its coffers may be enriched by the enforced copecks of the attendants at church. There are no fewer than one hundred and thiity-two days in each year on which in Russia it is forbidden to the laborer to work. Procurator- General Pobiedonostseff was born in Moscow in 1827, the son of a professor in the University. Hestudied law at the Imperial School of Jurispru- dence in St. Petersburg, and was a mem- ber of many Russian universities. In 1846, he became referendar in the Mos- cow Senate, and in 1858 professor of civil law in Moscow University. Subsequent- ly he was appointed instructor of juris- prudence to the hereditary grand duke Nicholas, and acted in the same capacity for many other grand dukes of Russia between 1866 and 1890. His association with the Russian ruling family led to his being made a member of the Council of State in 1872, and Procurator-General of the Holy Synod in 1880. He married in 1866, but is without children. * tk Pa SIR CASPAR The cosmopolitan- PURDON CLARKE : cee ism of learning re- ceives frequent illustration. The bounds AND EVENTS of nationality appeal only in a special sense to minds whose range of interest is world-wide. American students at Oxford, and German college professors in America, and American professors in Germany, are but recent examples of the fellowship of the world of science andart. The appointment of Sir Caspar Purdon Clarke, an Irishman, to succeed the late Gen. Luigi P. di Cesnola, an Italian, as director of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, at New York, is another instance. The Metropolitan Museum in many respects stands in the very front rank among similar institutions, its collection of architectural casts, for example, not being surpassed by anyin Europe. Itis expected that Sir Caspar Purdon Clarke, who is noted as an organizer and as a man of great energy, will, wnen he as- sumes his new post next September, introduce a plan for the establishment of an industrial-art school in connection with it. A similar school, attached to the South Kensington (London) Museum, of which Sir Caspar has been the head since 1896, has done much to raise the English standard of art in all industrial departments. Sir Caspar Purdon Clarke was born in Ireland in 1846. SIR CASPAR PURDON CLARKE

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CLS 7 7 TT S 21S SO ee ATED ED" ONE * SOD BE os stan : , APRIL, (905 } OM rroniiegiaes William L. Jacobs.... The Assassination of a Governor. I DAVID GRA The Occultation of Florian Amid son Lowell.” HERBERWROUI Rome. (rorm.) Illustrated tg RTH The Future of Vaudeville? The Proof of Man. phens. A Sacrifice to tho Jacobs. 4 A Trust in Ag Cory, of t The Log T Le. ri Phe ee URGES Ger A nted rmy os = 16 BIGELOW The — ieges 0 .—Acre; Constantinople Seygiied. on MMOWNSEND BRADY Seaeateal XM GORKY The French Mot CHAM@LES WAGNER A Modern “Swiss Fay Robinson” SHN BRISBEN WALKER Men, Women and Events. IWustrated g The Sy Say : te fe Aaa Implement Tn] Re RY LEWIS

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epee A NP. ‘ ' ; “ é w=) INSIST |= Do it gently, wisely, but firmly. Insist on having HAND SAPOLIO from your dealer. He owes it to you. sa tae Pees ORI ARTS San ge eB cs 7 . a3 gli oes alee bie ie hoe I i cae oe cae I ok haves Pampa rbe eae MAS SS pale Be Re See ee 37 patie FP sa pe hg - 7s Daeg a He may be slow—hasten him a bit! He may be timid—don’t blame him, he has often been fooled into buying unsalable stuff tell him that the. “very name SAPOLIO is a guarantee ‘that the article will be good and salable. He may hope that you will forget it—that you do not want it badly—Insist, don’t let him forget that you want it very badly. He, can" order a small box—36 cakes—from any * Wholesale Grocer in the United States. If he does, he will retain, and we will secure, an paceoaineyAvaluable thing—your Sata TAKE THIS WITH YOU TO THE STORE! Copyright, 1904, by Cosmopolitan Publishing Company Entered at the post-office at Irvington, New York, as second-class mail matter

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AZ es IT IS — List of Subjects The size of each picture mounted, 20x 25 inches 1 PAUL AND VIRGINIA (FLEEING THE STORM). .... .Ayv Cot Metropolitan Museum, N. Y. 2 DANCE OF THE NYMPHS . By Corot In the Louvre, Paris. 3 SHEEP INSNOWSTORM, By Schenck Metropolitan Museum, N. Y. 4 THE MILL...... By Ruysdael In the Amsterdam Gallery. 5 RETURNING TO THE FOLD, By Davis Tate Gallery, London. 6 PLOUGHING . . By Rosa Bonheur In the Luxembourg Gallery. By Corot In the Louvre, Paris. 8 THE GLEANERS .... . By Millet In the Louvre, Paris. 9 DANIEL’S ANSWER TO THE KING . « By Riviere Owned by Britis h Government. 10 SISTINE MADONNA . By Raphael? Royal Gallery, Dresden. Also WEBSTER’S COLLEGIATE DICTIONARY REGULAR EDITION, size 7 x 10x25 inches. DE LUXE EDITION, size 534x854x1}¢inches. Printed from same plates, on bible paper. Two bindings. FREE, ‘‘ Dictionary Wrinkles.’’ @ c’e C. MERRIAM CO., Publishers, Springfield, Mass., U. When you write, please mention ‘‘The Cosmopolitan” THE COSMOPOLITAN Rakin WORLD'S[AIR.. St Louis DICTIONARY UP-TO-DATE AND RELIABLE RECENTLY ADDED, 25,000 NEW WORDS AND PHRASES New Gazetteer of the World Editor in Chief, W. T. HARRIS, Ph.D., LL.D., United States Commissioner of Education. Chief Justice MELVILLE W. FULLER, U. S. Supreme Court, has fittingly said: I regard the International as of the utmost value in accuracy of definition, and have found it in all respects complete and thorough. 2380 Quarto Pages New Biographical Dictionary 1116 pages. 1400 illustrations. Three bindings. Also illustrative pamphlets. Ss. A. GET THE BEST A Set of 10 Su- perb Copies of Master Paintings for Refined Home Decorations at COST OF PRO- DUCTION This set of 10 beautiful reproductions of the world’s most famous paintings are done in our best method Carbon Mezzo Tone. Each subject is richly mounted in an artistic style suggestive of the studio. They are so exquisite they arouse instant admiration in every lover of the beautiful. Owing to the extreme delicacy of the plates the edition is strictly limited. There- fore after the 78 remaining sets are sold, the price will advance, and will only be sold singly upon special reque st. Pay No Money Till You See Them In order that you may for yourself judge the value and merits of / these works we will send them for examination. Sign and return / the coupon below. 1 they are found satisfactory send us $1.20 and pay the balance $1 a month for 5 months. at You take no risk. If unsatisfactory return to us. SOCIETY, 2291 Broad- way, New York. Send on approval a Set of Ten Copies of Master Paintings mounted, and the two extra pictures free. Ifsat- FREE If you mail us the blank opposite at once, isfactory, I agree to pay we will include in your package a set of $1 within five days and $1 Two Additional Pictures, not mentioned a month thereafter for five in List of Subjects, the gems of the Carbon months. If not satisfactory will Mezzo Tone Set, issued last fall, all mounted, return them within five days. 20 x 25 ins. (formerly sold for $3 each), and in addition to this will Za Cuve the entire set. Art Collectors’ Society 2291 Broadway, New York Your Last Opportunity to seeure this excellent collection at one-half the regular price Each subject is prepared for framing on mounts especially made for us, or can be used as they are, unframed, a custom now much in vogue. They make splendid gifts for wed- dings or birthdays, Inferior copies sell in art shops fo, $5 each copy.

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THE COSMOPOLITAN ROWLAND THOMAS The Winner The $5000 Prize Story = in Collier’s Short Story Contest appears in the April Fiction Number on sale beginning April 6th About a year ago Collier’s offered $5000.00 for the best American short story. Over twelve thousand manuscripts were received. Many of them were the work of America’s best-known writers. The judges—William Allen White, Walter Page, and Senator Lodge—awarded first prize toa young man of twenty-five, Rowland 4 Thomas. Hitherto he has been unknown to the reading public. Rowland Thomas, son of the Rev, Lewis J. Thomas, a Congregational minister, was born at Castine, Me., in 1879. He graduated from Harvard University, summa cum Zaude, in 1901. He immediately went to the Philippines. There he spent two years traveling extensively and studying carefully the condition of the natives and our own United States troops. _How well Mr. Thomas understands life in the Philippines is shown in his **Fagan’’—the story that won over twelve thousand other manuscripts The Prize Story published April Fiction Number The 2d Prize Story “ May Fiction Number The 3d Prize Story “ June Fiction Number Colliers The “Inside Story”’ of the contest—the judges’ real opinions about the stories, and how they arrived at their conclusions—is told in the February Fiction Number. Sent to any address on receipt of ten cents. Address Special Offer Department, Collier's Weekly, 416 West 13th Street, New York City. See announcement of REMINGTON NUMBER opposite When you write, please mention ‘‘The Cosmopolitan’’

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THE COSMOPOLITAN a8 wy’ >, HH DU aMe very ross Fis ~ ” REMINGTON NUMBER — The largest and best collection of Frederic Remington’s paintings ever brought together in single issue by any periodical is published in the March 18th number of Colliers The National Weekly The Remington Number will contain a cover and a double page in full color, a frontispiece, anda number of half-page illustrations—all done by Frederic Remington, the master artist of the West. Besides this there will be an article, ‘Remington as a Sculptor in Bronze,” by James Barnes ; a written opinion by Mr. Remington himself; photographs of the artist in his studio, as well as an authoritative review of his work. | NOW ON SALE AT ALL NEWS STANDS, TEN CENTS AAR BR Ay RMR I i See announcement of PRIZE STORY NUMBER opposite. When you write, please mention ‘‘The Cosmcrclitan”

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THE COSMOPOLITAN (Over S00 Paces, Beautirutty Printeo, The Best American H . TWO VOLUMES Po SnSES Bocw im Satin CLotu, Gitt Top, in a Box (66 E have purchased a LIMITED EDITION of the above work, containing contributions by “Mr. Dooley,” Mark Twain, George Ade, John Kendrick Bangs, George V. Hobart, “Billie Baxter,” and many others, and as long as the supply lasts, we will give it away free of charge, postage prepaid, with every new subscription to THE HOUSE BEAUTIFUL The only Magazine in America devoted to simplicity, economy, and appropriateness in Home Decoration and Furnishing. Now in its ninth year. Regular departments on COLLECTORS’ INTERESTS HOUSEHOLD HELPS HOME ECONOMICS THE FLOWER BEAUTIFUL PLANNING THE HOME ARTS AND CRAFTS THE POOR TASTE OF THE RICH A Series Showing Wherein Taste Goes Farther Than Money Its teachings have saved costly furnishings from being vulgar; and, on the other hand, thousands of inexpensive houses are exquisite examples of superb taste from its advice. It pre- sents its information interestingly and in a very plain, prac- tical way. Everything is illustrated. To have you test its value, we will send it to you for 12 months, including the big April COUNTRY HOUSE NUMBER and the two volumes of AMERICAN HUMOR (regular price $2.50), all for $2.00, the cost of the Magazine alone. Sample copy toc. This offer is limited. Don’t delay. Enclose $2.00 and address The House Beautiful, °F" 11 Eldredge Ct., Chicago When you write, please mention ‘“The Cosmopolitan”

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THE COSMOPOLITAN The Original Stories of SHERLOCK HOLMES One is always in a mood to enjoy Sherlock Holmes. Conan Doyle’s stories of the great detective are good reading month in and month out—the kind of tales that make themselves welcome at odd hours of leisure and take the tedium out of life. There are no _ better stories on earth, and the complete series is a constantly inviting set of books to have around. One will read them again and again in spite of himself. They are yours for a dollar and small monthly payments thereafter—six dollars in all for three beautiful cloth volumes, illustrated, with gilt tops, uncut edges, etc., and a year’s sub- scription to Harper’s included. D ll Off We will send you the entire set Our 0 ar er of three volumes, all charges prepaid, on receipt of $1.00. If you do not like the books when they reach you, send them back at our expense, and we will return the $1.00. If you do like them, send us $1.00 every month for five months, On receipt of your request for these books, we will enter you at once as a subscriber for one year, without additional cost to you, for either HARPER’S MAGAZINE, HARPER’S WEEKLY, or HARPER’S BAZAR. In writing, state which periodical you want. Address Harper @ Brothers, Franklin Square, New York City When you write, please mention ‘“The Cosmopolitan”’

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The Special novels, free. 1. The Masquerader by Mrs. Thurston. This story has created more interest and more discussion than any other novel for a long while. 2, The Prospector by Ralph Connor, the author of “The Man from Glengarry,’’ ‘‘Black Rock,’’ and ‘‘The Sky-Pilot.” 3. Beverly of Graustark by George B. McCutcheon, author of ‘“‘Graustark.”’ It is a fascinating story, full of incident and romantic interest. charge, one of the novels advertised above. scriptions. _—— == THE COSMOPOLITAN THE LATEST NOVELS, FREE METROPOLITAN MAGAZINE’S Great Offer to Readers of this Paper. A Rare Chance for Novel-Readers VERYBODY likes to read a good novel. for them to get the very latest, best, and most populer They are all bound in cloth, and are the reg- ular editions sold in the bookstores for $1.50 per copy. By the actual reports of the booksellers throughout the country, the six best-selling books to-day are: THE METROPOLITAN MAGAZINE, 3 W. 29th Street, New York City ee eee “6 UM Here is a chance 4 The Seawolf ™ by Jack London. original novel by the author of the Wild.”’ 5. The Prodigal Son the newest and strongest of Hall Caine’s novels. Author of ‘‘The Christian,’’ etc. 6. God’s Good Man by Marie Corelli. An absorbing novel in which Miss Corelli discusses some vital prob- lems of the day. This is the powerful and ‘‘The Call of a as Our Special Offer is as follows: To any person who will send us two yearly subscriptions for the Metropolitan Magazine, we will send, free of all charge, any one of the popular novels mentioned above. Every reader ought to find in this list something to suit his taste. The subscriptions must be accompanied by the regular subscription price of $1.80 each. Send us two subscriptions, your own subscription and that of a friend (or those of two friends), with $3.60 (the regular cost of the two subscriptions alone), and you will receive, free of all The publishers’ price on these books is $1.50 each. Please note that our friends should be careful to request the books when ordering sub- HE Cosmopo.iran wishes to secure a representative in each } county to do subscription work. Any one devoting a | reasonable amount of time to the work each week can earn | enough to warrant permanent application to it. Experience iuot necessary, as THE CosMopoLITAN has prepared full instructions for those who wish to take up the work. This business will soon pay an energetic person better wages than can be earned at many lines of trade that take years to master. When making application give references and previous occupation. Address Subscription Department _ THE COSMOPOLITAN MAGAZINE, Irvington-on-Hudson, New York. Copy it as well as you can, send to us and we will ’ give you a handsome portfolio of draw- ings by the noted artist, Charles Lederer. A course of lessons by mail, at home, may qualify you to earn a good salary as an artist and cartoon- Instruction individual and exactly adapted to ast THE talent. HE LEDERER SCHOOL OF DRAWING Chattanooga, Tennessee WANTED The Star Monthly wants names and addresses of bright boys between 12 and 20 years of age. We want to get them interested in our illustrated magazine for boys, which has a circulation of over 0,000 each issue. Every issue con- tains Fascinating Boy Stories, hand- some illustrations, departments of Amateur Photography, Stamps, Coins, Curios, Puzzles, Jokes, Games, Physical Culture, etc., andeach month awards large numbers of valuable prizes to subscribers. Ifyou are not a subscriber and will send us FIVE boys’ names and addresses plainly written and five 2-cent stamps, or ro cents in silver, we will enter you as a sub- scriber fully paid for 6 months in advance. Address STAR MONTHLY, OAK PARK, ILLS. BOYS’ NAMES |

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THE OOSMOPOLITAN TWELVE ROSES Perfect, Thrifty, Hardy, Ever-blooming Clothilde Soupert Rose Plants, and The Pilgrim Magazine With Best Fiction, Spe- a cial Articles, Fashion, Current Comment, and Home Departments, For One Year This rose originated with Messrs. Soupert and Notting, of Luxembourg, Belgium. No other rose approaches it in flowering qualities. Don’t you intend to beautify your home and grounds? Is there any way by which you can accomplish this better than with a variety and abundance of beautiful flowers? Was there ever an offer made by any publication that equals these? Our offer combines Variety Elegance Abundance Thirteen Choice Plants and ) THE PILGRIM one year y D1 00 Combination “A” Palm Latania Barbonica Two Coleus Two Fuchsias Two Geraniums One Boston Fern Two Heliotropes One Asparagus Plumosus Two Hibiscus Each one a thrifty plant, all representing the best combination ever offered for beautify- ing your home and grounds. Would You Prefer This? Seventeen Choice Plants and ) THE PILGRIM one year} DE 00 Carefully Selected and Inspected before Shipping Combination “ B” Four Chrysanthemums, all different Four Geraniums, all different Five Fuchsias, all different Four Coleus, all different These are the best plant offers ever made. Every plant guaranteed to reach you in good condition or money refunded. Write us at once. Either the Special Rose Offer, Com- bination “A,” or Combination ‘‘B,” and THE PILGRIM for a whole year for $1.00 Pilgrim Magazine Company BATTLE CREEK, MICH. Agents Wan Life of Webster FREE If you will send three two-cent stamps to cover postage and mailing expenses, we will send you the complete life of Daniel Webster, by Edward Everett. This biography, in 140 pages, with a por- trait of Webster, is a complete life-story of one of the most commanding figures in American history. It is a beautifully printed, copyrighted volume. We have bound up 500 copies of this biography, which we shall send FREE to the first five hundred replies received. This life of Webster is taken just as it stands from the Makers of American History, asuperb new library of biography. This splendid twenty-volume work contains forty-one life-stories of great Americans, making a connected history of the United States, ein the discovery of Columbus, through the nineteenth century. It is history told in narrative form by the lives of the men who made it. For an hour's pleasant reading or for serious study, this work is admirably adapted. It gives complete biographies of Lincoln, Lee, Jefferson, Washington, Robert Fulton, Webster, Clay—and other great characters in our country's uistory. We will let you know when we send the booklet, how you can get the entire set of twenty volumes at a low price, and on the easy payment plan. Send us your name and address, written plainly, with three two-cent stamps for postage and mailing expenses. Mention THe Cosmopo.itan when writing. Better write to-day. Five hundred copies won't last long. J. A. Hill & Company, 44-60 East 23d Street, New York. Learn the Truth Do you know that the main cause of unhappi- ness, ill-health, sickly children and divorce is admitted by physi- cians and shown by court records to be ignorance of the laws of self and sex? Illustrated Contains in one volume— Knowledge a Young Man Should Have. Knowledge a Young Husband Should Have. Knowledge a Father Should Have. Knowledge a Father Should Impart to His Son. Medical Knowledge a Husband Should Have. Knowledge a Young Woman Should Have. Knowledge a Young Wife Should Have. Knowledge a Mother Should Have. Knowledge a Mother Should Impart to Her Daughter. Medical Knowledge a Wife Should Have. By William H. Walling, A. M., M.D. Rich Cloth Binding, Full Gold Stamp, Sllustrated, $2.00 Write for ‘‘ Other People’s Opinions” and Table of Contents. PURITAN PUB. CO., Dept. A, PHILADELPHIA To those who agree to give a definite proportion of each day to extending the circulation of THE COSMOPOLITAN is offered a proposition whereby a handsome income may be secured. Ex- perience, though desirable, is not absolutely essential. Anyone with perseverance and adaptability should be warranted in giving their whole time to the work. Address for further particulars : AGENTS’ DEPT., COSMOPOLITAN MAGAZINE, Irvington-on-the-Hudson, N. Y. When you write, please mention ‘“The Cosmopolitan”

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THE COSMOPOLITAN The Way to be a Thinker is to get in touch with thinkers. All the world’s prizes are captured by those who have seasoned their energy with the spice of originality—and originality means the habit of clear and fresh thinking. Even the best of us have a tendency to fall into mental ruts, to go plodding on year after year, in the same track, to do things without knowing precisely why. The way to keep alive, the way to be original, the way to be a success, is to talk with brainy people and to read books that make you think, That's the reason The New Science Library is a cure for mental paralysis. It contains the best work of Darwin, Huxley, Spencer, Tyndall and great leaders of modern thought. It will tell you what the famous Darwinian theory is; how the planets are weighed and their motions charted ; what radium is ; how liquid air is made and used—and ten thousand other interesting things. It is a work to be read and enjoyed, for it is written in a clear and interesting style—not abstruse or technical. The work consists of sixteen superb volumes, hand- somely printed and bound, Sixty-four-Page Book Free If you mail us the coupon below at once, we will send full information of the New Science Library, and how you may get it at half price and on the Individual Payment Plan, by means of which you can arrange the payments to suit yourself. At the same time we will send you a complimentary copy of our handsome 64-page book, ‘*‘Some Wonders of Science.” This book, containing articles by Huxley, Tylor, Proctor and Ray Stannard Baker, is so bright and interesting that you will read it from cover to cover, and when you have read it you will wonder how you ever could have thought science dry and dull. There is an edition of a thousand copies. Each copy is beautifully illustrated and printed. PUBLIC OPINION 44-60 E. 23d Street, New York cos. M. 4-05. EXCHANGE COUPON. Good for one complimentary copy of ‘‘Some Wonders of Science,’’ if mailed at once to Public Opinion, 44-60 East 23d Street, New York. City and State We will send, at the same time, full particulars of our New Science Library and our Introductory Half-Price Offer. IMPROVE YOUR EDUCATION With the co-operation of a great university we are help- your daily ing thou- work and eands to con- increase tinue their your earn studies. ‘ng power, “"LUNT LIBRARY, NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. Ask for a special circular on any of these courses : Literature, How te Write English, Latin, Hi > Algel Geometry, Physics, Botany, Pharmacy, Business, Shorthand, Typew and Strong Normal Reviews in twenty-two common and high-school branches. INTERSTATE SCHOOL OF CORRESPONDENCE Affiliated with Northwestern University 894 WABASH AVE., CHICAGO Our courses by cor- respondence will help you in You will THOUSANDS be astonished to th read oe free eoeEe OF DOLLARS ok of information. (ll- - ee It hee tell you IN THE POCKET S$ how our practical courses by este catenne bring OF OUR STUDENTS success. How a great many are enabled to earn good salaries, and rise to better positions; we helped them do it. What we have done for others, we can do for you. Our Institute is endorsed by Thomas A. Edison and others, Courses in Electrieal Engineering, Mechanical Engin- eering, Steam Engineering, Mechanical Drawing , Telephony, Telegraphy, Electric Lighting, Eleetrie Railways, Kleetric otorman’s Course, Mathematics, Short Eleetrieal Course, Dynamo Tender’s Course, X-Rays. Writé for our book; we send it free. State subject which interests you most. . ELECTRICAL ENGINEER INSTITUTE Dept. D, 240A W. 284 Street, New York. Manuscripts Criticised, Corrected and Placed. Writers advised by expert literary work- ers, thoroughly in touch with leading publishers, and familiar with their wants. Sales negotiated. Terms very moderate. Write for booklet describing Department of Manuscripts. NATIONAL CORRESPONDENCE INSTITUTE, 22-52 2nd Nat'l Bank Building, Washington, D.C. Insure your successin public or business life. Our method of teach- ing by mail a proved success. En- dorsed by bench and bar. Students racticing in every State. Our free ok opens the doorand , points the wag. Special Query or those who write at once. Sprague Correspondence School of Law, 379 Majestic Building, Detroit, Mich. STUDY Leading Law School In Correspondence L AW Instruction Thirteenth Year Prepares for the bar of any state. Improved method of instruction, combining the Text-Book, Lecture and Case Book methods. Approves by the bench and bar. Three Courses: College, Post- Graduate and Business Law. The One-Price School. Write today for ceeeneee. aes . Chicago Correspondence School o' Ww, eaper Block, Chicago. : EHICACO MORE SALARY. We know of a profession in which situations are daily created in excess of the qualified persons, and which commands the highest salaries with no discrimination on account of sex. Would you like toknow what it is? Write us. HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL, Dept. E, Philadelphia, Pa. When you write, please mention ‘‘The Cosmopolitan’”’ eT gieetaoeta i ans ‘Pee

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a “HOW scien = . = guages, etc. r . . For illustrated ciroular F address Miss C. E. MASON, LL.M. meee S 4 ] LEARN [ Bookkeeping, — a ————— % Benmanshi Boarding School for Girls and Day School BY MAI L e bp. Academic and Colle p Prepegeteny, Comets. mnasium, Basket-ball, Golf an ennis. Se ee i Shorthand, etc. Delightful home life. Resident pupils limited. MONEY BACK if not satisfied. We have $300,000.00 (45 minutes from New York) capital and a chain of 20 Colleges to back our claims. Emetrn 8. HARTRIDGE, PLAINFIELD, N. J. today. Address NCINEERING All branches of Civil, Electrical and Mechan- feal E Mining, Not on training graduates. Lifescholarships oneasy terms. Usual for three months free of charge. A journal of advice for investors, collegiate degrees conferred. Established 1893— Gives latest and most reliable information concerning new enter- a.university onthecorrespondence plan, Positions rises. Knowledge is power. Great opportunities come and go, secured for students, Write for free illus. booklet. PF Hhoe.a7 ua ene! Correspondence Institute, o | INVESTOR'S REVIEW, 1622 Gaff Bldg., CHICAGO, ILL. ah mata Wiae WL ae A book of plainly told stories of unusual interest in which a score of Chautauqua Nurses tell of success won by the study of our Courses. We teach Os etnies by maii. Hosts of our graduates earning $12 to This book and full information of the nature of our will be sent without expense to interested readers. THE CHAUTAUQUA SCHOOL OF NURSING, 287 Main St., Jamestown. N Y. tells how we teach illustrating by mail; 2.500 graduates. A delightful profession, quickly and easily learned. Pays well. Good position secured for graduates. Only College of Pho- tography in the world. Terms easy and living inexpensive. Write for our beauttfully illust. catalogue. Address Illinois College of Photography 948 Wabash Avenue, Effingham, Ill, TO REMEMBER.” Dickson School of Memory, 751 KIMBALL HALL, OHICAGO. DIPLOMAS issued and positions SECURED. r d DRAUGHON’S BUS. COLLEGE CO., SS (Mention this magazine) THE COSMOPOLITAN ATTEND THE ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF MO iE SELF AND SEX SERIES Subjects that should be understood by every person and information properly given which should not be hidden by false or foolish modesty. Commended by highest medical authorities. 4 BOOKS TO MEN. By Sylvanus Stall, D. D. What a Young Boy Ought to Know. What a Young Man Ought te Know. What a Young Husband Ought te Know. What a Man of 45 Ought to Know. 4 BOOKS TO WOMEN.‘ By Mrs. Mary Wood-Allen, M.D. and Mrs. Emma F.A. Drake,M.D, What a Young Girl Ought to Know. What a Young Woman Ought to Know. What a Young Wife is my correspondence course in MEMORY TRAINING. No one is greater intellectually than his memory. Write to- day for free, wonderfully interesting, illus- Ought to Know. What a Woman of 45 Ought te Know. ST per copy, post free, Send for table of contents. N OTHER LANGUAGES. These books are ing translated into seven languagesin Asiaand severalin Europe. Now ready: In SWEDISH, Young Boy, Young Husband, Young Girl, Young Wife ; — 1.25 each, post free. fn DUTCH, Young Man, Young Husband, Man of 45, Woman of 45; price $x each, post free. In preparation, THE CASTLE, German, French, Spanish, Italian. Tarrytewn-on-Hudson, Vir Publishing Co., 7" Pulletcene ee New York : An ideal school. 41 Advantages of New 1 York Oity. All de | partments. Special ‘The siren an Mole | ieee HHartridge Write PRINCIPAL Nashville, Tenn. Months Free If you are interested in any kind of an investment, Oil, Mining, Plantation, Industrial, Lands, Stocks, Bonds, Mortgages, etc., send us your name and ad. dress and we will send you The Investor’s Review ineering, Dra » Architecture, etallurgy, etc., Taught by Mail. trade courses, but thorough technical all branches. Instructors are college reat fakes also, Get posted before investing. Write to-day. S STORY-WRITING AND JOURNALISM taught by mail; short stories and book manu- scripts criticised and revised; also, placed on commission; send for free booklet, “WRITING FOR PROFIT”; tells how ; 3,000 graduates. THE NATIONAL PRESS ASSOCIATION, 9 62 The Baldwin, Indianapolis, Ind, a week to whom we refer. ILLUSTRATORS AND CARTOONISTS EARN $25 TO 8100 S weabe Send for free booklet, “COMMERCIAL ILLUSTRATING’; THE NATIONAL PRESS ASSOCIATION, 62 The Baldwin, Indianapolis, Ind, When you write, please mention "The Cosmopolitan”

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aa.) Electrical ENGINEER is mot the man who carries the oilcan and the greasy waste, but the designing, directing engineer who plans the machines which the other man runs; who lays out and oversees the work which others execute. Sucha man commands at the start a Salary of $1,200 and Upwards and has a position of dignity, responsibility and trust. You can prepare for such a position by a few hours’ study each dayin your own home. The work pro- gresses by such easy stages that any man with aptitude who is ambitious can become an Electrical Engineer. Never before have the resources and equipment of a great resident engineering school, combined with long experience in correspondence teaching, been offered to ambitious men in their own homes without interfering with their regular work. THIS SYNOPSIS SHOWS WHAT YOU WILL LEARN Elements of Electricity. Electric Current. Theory of Dynamo-Electric Machinery. Direct Current Dynamos. Design for Direct Current Dynamos. Types of Dynamo-Electric Machinery; Direct Current. Management of Dynamo-Electric Machinery. Electric Lighting. Power Stations. Electric Railways. Electrical Measurements. Alternating-Current Machinery. Power Transmission. Electric Wiring—Lightning Arresters, Tables, Wiring, General Formulae, Conduit Work, Switches, Inspection, Insurance Rules and Regulations. Storage Batteries—Plants, Faure, Forming Plates, Electrolyte, Tests, Sulphating, Over Discharging, Uses, Dia- grams, Charging, Boosters. The Telephone — Batteries, Receivers, Transmitters, Signaling, Lines, Exchange, Common Battery System, Inter- ee System, Operation, Toll Lines, Branch Ex- ang The Electric Telegraph—Equipment_of Small Office, The Morse Code, Switchboard, Message, Cipher, Press Ser- vice, The Phillips Code, Railway Telegraph, Repeaters, Multiplex Telegraphy, Phonoplex. Cost of instruction is within the reach of all—from $10 upwards—and may be paidin small monthly payments. SPECIAL — Students enrolling in the Electrical Engineering course betore May Ist will receive in addi- tion to their regular instruction papers, a valuable Engineering Reterence Library in 12 volumes; over 6,000 pages of the latest and most up-to-date information in Electrical, Mechanical, Stationary, Marine, Locomo- ttve and Sanitary Engineering, Telephony, Telegraphy, Mechanical and Perspective Drawing,etc. Bound tn three-quarters Red Morocco; size of page, 7x10 inches. Cut out this ad. write name and address on margin, mail to us and we will send 200-page illustrated Bulletin, giving full outline of Electrical, Mechanical Steam and Civil Engineering courses, Architecture and Me- chanical Drafting and jist of students who have com- pleted the courses and have received better positions as a result of their studies. AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CORRESPONDENCE at Armour Institute of Technology, Chicago Mention Cosmopolitan THE COSMOPOLITAN When you write, please mention ‘The Cosmopolitan”’ LEARN TO WRITE ADVERTISEMENTS Every man who desires to ws in the business world mass ance thorough knowledge of advertising, We will teach you thoroughly practically by mail, enablin, y to earn from 825 to 8100 per week, Send for our handsome prospec There is Money For You In There is a big and increasing demand for short story writers. The field is big and the workers few. We can train you by mail for any branch of newspaper and magazine work. Write to-day for full particulars, Sprague Corres. School of Journalism, 217 Majestic Building, Detroit, Mich, ILLUSTRATING CARTOONING Law, Pharmacy, [ledicine, Nursing, Booke keeping, Stenography, [Mechancial Drawing, Journalism, Ad-Writing, Story-Writing. Taught by mail. Our free book “Profits of Know- ing How” tells everything. Write to-day. State course desired. National Correspondence Schools, 26 Penn St., Indianapolis, U. S. A, If you are an American over 18 years of age and able to read and write, we can qualify you for a good government position. The cost is low. Write at once Wwe Can Oualify You For fi - » s The Ciwtl ic" Internat’! Corres. Schools Serwvice Box 841 C, Scranton, Pa. OUR FREE BOOKLET ON AT HOME FOR PIANO, ORGAN, VIOLIN, GUITAR, MUSIC LEARNIN BANJO, CORNET, MAN- DOLIN AND VOICE. Tells how to learn to play any instrument and to sing without leaving your home. It is free and wil] inter- est you. Send your name to U. 8. School of Muste, Box 17 B, 19 Union Sq., N. Y. MUSIC LESSONS FREE v70r"’™. Pence: MANDOLIN, ete., to advertise system of teaching by correspondence. Write for FREE tuition, AMERICAN SCHOOL OF MUSIC, 211 Manhattan Building, Chicago, i. STANHOPE- Wasarcnorr Dramatic School Established 1898. 81 West 81st Street, New York. Summer courses in Drama, Elocution and Physical Culture open May lst. Address Adeline S. Wheatcroft, Director. TELEGRAPH Circular free. Wonderful auto- matic teacher. 5 styles. $2 up. OMNIGRAPH €0., Dept. F, 89 Cortlandt St., New York. Business Man’s Magazine and The Book-Keeper A handsome 240-page magazine for Book- keepers, Cashiers and Business Men, It teaches Book-keeping, Shorthand, Penman- ship, Law, Advertising, Short Cuts, Corpora- tion Accounting, Banking, Business Pointers, Amusing Arithmetic, ightning Calcula- tions, Cost Systems, Selling Plans, Credits and Collections, etc., etc. $1.00 a year. The Book-Keeper Publishing Co., Ltd., 561 Fort St., Detroit, Mich. E. H. Beach, Editor.

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- : eRe ae Nc Diep esi shee ae ae tt ee OUR LARGE CATALOGUE New edition of one million copies now ready. Embodies new combinations, new ideas, new prices, new suggestions. Con- tains a list of over 2500 magazines, period- icals and newspapers, quotes lowest obtain- able prices, tells how our system saves you subscription money, and gives much valu- able information that all magazine readers should have. You can SAVE MAGAZINE MONEY by writing us, as we furnish any magazine, periodical, or newspaper in the world, or any combination or club, at lowest prices— much lower, maybe, than you believe possible, Ours is one of the largest subscription agencies in the world, and we are known everywhere. Your address on a postal secures the facts. (@P- WRITE FOR FREE CATALOGUE TO-DAY. IT 16 SURE TO INTEREST YOU. Address : J. M. Hanson’s Magazine Agency, 206 Hanson Blook, LEXINGTON, KY. THE COSMOPOLITAN When you write, please mention ‘‘The Cosmopolitan”’ Let the Wind Whistlel You can whistle too—you can /azgh at the storm, behind our Cleveland Storm Defier. It keeps you as *‘Snug as a Bug in a Rug” in the ugliest kind of weather. It keeps you dry as punk, and in good humor with yourself,—a mighty good business envestment. A Storm Front is like the ‘‘gun in Arizona”— you don’t weed it a// the time—but you want 7t with you—when you do need it, you need it mighty bad. It's a protection against wind, too. Do you know, people don’t stop to ¢4ivk about the sickness and suffering—caused by cold, raw winds—bronchitis —chapped face—weak eyes—etc. The dangers of colds, pneumonia, consumption, from getting soaked, and slopping around all day in wet clothes, they can understand, because when they get wet they /ee/ it. But the dangers of exposure to wind are more insidious, because unnoticed. The Cleveland Storm Defier is Health In- surance the year ’round— in a// seasons, Yes there are other storm fronts—but here are the reasons why The Cleveland Storm Defier is the particular storm front you want: It’s water-proof, it's wind-proof—abso- lutely. It’s made of the Best quality of rubber. It’s easily adjusted to any size top—any size dash—and the rubber gorings insure a perfect fit. It fits inside the top—you understand that advantage. You can attach it while sitting in the buggy—you don't have to get out in the rain to get protection from the rain. It hasa large, unbreakable window, so you can see where you are going, and enjoy the scenery. ‘Youcan let down this window when you want to, and get the refreshing air of an ‘April Shower”’ and still keep dry. ‘“‘A touch of the finger, and it’s out of your way’’—a big advantage in getting in or out —or in emergencies. We allow 30 days’ free trial. You order the Defier and use it a whole month—then, if you are not fully pleased—send it back and we send back your money. Fair enough, isn’t it? The Cleveland Storm Defier is sold only by us, direct to the buggy user. No dealers’ or jobbers’ profits—that’s why you getitsocheap. Write usand find out howcheap. We are exclusive makers of Buggy Supplies—we have the largest factory and warehouse of its kind in the world — making a tops, seats, beds, ea. cushions, axles, wheels, springs, braces, every- thing needed to complete a bug- gy. We ship di- rect to customer —the One Profit Plan—‘‘from us to you.’ Write for our handsome free cata- log No. 26, ‘Old Buggies Made New.”’ Doit now —it’s time to fix up your buggy for Spring. The United Faetories Co. Dept. 26 Cleveland, 0.

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tere en THE OOSMOPOLITAN ante e COSTS LITTLE, DOES MUCH SAVES WOMAN’S LIFE! AYSTARTLING. POSSIBILITY Half a Day’s Work Cut Out of Every Week, It Means a Great Deal More Than Perhaps You Think It Means, To Save a Woman Half a Day Every Week of Her Life. / Cutting wash-day in half with Fels-Naptha soap means more than the saving of time. It.means saving the most pre- cious part of a woman’s life. Health, youth, good looks, cheerfulness—all the things that make her life worth liv- ing—are dragged out of a woman before her time by the unnecessary slavish drudgery of common wash-days. Nearly all this hard labor is stopped by Fels-Naptha. It saves strength and en- ergy and womanly vigor. Like money laid up in the bank drawing interest, this saving goes on week by week, mounting up to years of added life and happiness. The remarkable nature of Fels-Naptha is to loosen all the dirt quickly and com- pletely, without hurting the clothes. And it does this either in cold water or water just warm enough to be comfortable to the hands. Does the same thing that boiling is intended to do, and does it better. It is entirely different from other soaps and washing com- pounds. Fels-Naptha Soap No raging fire, with extra coal to lug—and to pay for; no disagreeable suds’-steam (perhaps a bad cold is saved); no lifting the boiler on and off; no lifting the clothes in and out of the boiler. Just think of it! No boil- ing, and much less rubbing. And what is the result? The clothes are really cleaner and more purified than you can get them with the common way of washing, no matter how hard you work or how much scalding you do. They look brighter, and wear longer. The clothes are not rubbed to pieces, You save money. Above all, you save a good measure of that day’s life. If life is worth anything to you, or to your help, you can’t afford to delay. You can’t afford to let another wash- day go over your head without trying Fels-Naptha. Surprising Discovery Thousands of women aston- ished at new value found in a familiar article. A multitude of women have lately discovered that Fels-Naptha soap is surpris- ingly effective in ways they never dreamed of. Its wonderful purifying qualities take away all germs and impurities. It is a great boon to pet animals, as it drives off fleas and leaves fur soft and fluffy. It cleans beautifully glass, silverware, fine rugs, oil cloths, straw and felt hats, silk, laces and other delicate fabrics, and many ladies say it is a grand thing to keep off dandruff and make the hair bright and glossy. Ask your grocer for it to- day. If he hasn’t it, send us his name and we will send you a free sample cake. Full directions on each wrapper. Fels-Naptha, Philadelphia. When you write, please mention ‘‘The Cosmopolitan’’ oe ee ee

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THE COSMOPOLITAN AN EXTRAORDINARY BARGAIN Three Hundred Special Ostermoor Mattresses SPECIAL CLEARANCE SALE OF SURPLUS STOCK SURPLUS lot of especially fine French Edge Ostermoor Mattresses of extra thickness, extra weight, A and exceptional softness, in the highest grade coverings, regular price being $30.00, will be closed out regardless of cost, to make room for regular stock, at the extremely low price of $18.50 each. These Mattresses are the very: softest we can make, and are in every way fully as desirable and as great, if not greater bargains than the 600 lot of Special Hotel Mattresses we sold last year at the same price. If you were fortunate enough to secure one of the same, you will fully appreciate the present sale. ~ The mattresses are all full double-bed size, 4 feet 6 inches wide, 6 feet 4 inches long, in two parts, with round corners, five-inch inseamed borders, and French Rolled Edges, exactly like illustration. The filling is especially selected Ostermoor sheets, all hand-laid, and closed within ticking entirely by hand sewing. Mattresses weigh 60 Ibs. each, 15 lbs. more than regular, and are far softer and much more luxuriously comfortable than regular. The coverings are of extra fine quality, beautiful Mercerized French Art Twills—pink, blue or yellow, both plain and figured, or high-grade, dust-proof Satin Finish Ticking, striped in linen effect; also the good old fashioned, blue and white stripe Herring-bone Ticking. Mattresses are built in the daintiest possible manner by our most expert specialists. They represent, in the very highest degree, the celebrated OSTERMOOR merit of Excellence and are a rare bargain both in price and quality. ° x Price, $18.50 Each We pay Transportation Charges anywhere in the United States. Only while they last; first come, first served. The opportunity to secure same is limited. Terms of sale: Cash in advance; none sent C. O. D. Note:—Ostermoor Mattresses, regular stock, same size, two parts, cost $15.50 each. They have four-inch border, weigh 45 lbs.. and are covered with A.C. A. Ticking. These French Mattresses cost $30.00 each, finish fully two inches thicker, weigh 15 lbs. more, have round corners—soft Rolled Edges— close diamond tufts—and beautiful high-grade fine quality coverings, and are much solter and far more resilient. Even if you do not wish a mattress now you should know all about the ‘‘Ostermoor” and its superiority to hair in health, comfort and economy. Send your name on a postal for our free descriptive book, ‘The Test of Time,” a veritable work of art, 136 pages in two colors, profusely illustrated; it’s well worth while. 111 ExvizaBetH Street, New York Canadian Agency: The Ideal Bedding Company, Ltd., Montreal When ordering, please state first, second and even third choice of color of covering, in case all you like are already sold, as there will be no time for correspondence. When you write, please mention "The Cosmopolitan”

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THE Pearline Makes ETSY Washing movaitts ts Modern Sees Fearline First and Best Aid to WOMEN who MUST do Washing}and Cleaning mertelite Pearline Sy Kind to A ayn a Fabrics COSMOPOLITAN * FIDELITY OND GAOUALTY G0. 97 Cedar Street, New York City GEORGE F. SEWARD, President ROBERT J. HILLAS, Vice-President and Secretary 1876 (Insurance Press, February, 1905) Strong in Dollars and in Brains of Management The Fidelity and Casualty Company of New York is a great corporation and is steadily grow- ing greater. At the close of business on December 31, 1904, it had assets amounting to $6,791,185.19, of which $2,186,230.47 was surplus to policy-holders. The company’s capital is $500,000. Its net surplus, above capital, is $1,686,230.47, or more than three and one-half times the capital. System and organization have reached an unusual degree of perfection in the conduct of the Fidelity & Casualty’s business. Operating various lines of in- surance, an effective organization is necessary for each line; in no other way could a diversity of inter- ests be taken care of. The executive staff of the com- pany is a strong one; the several departments are under the direction of underwriters of reputation and experience. When you write, please men The purpose to build carefully, to underwrite con- servatively, to separate wheat from chaff, prevails throughout the corporation. This is the wise policy which President Seward has impressed upon all his subordinates, and is to-day, and for a long time has been, the spirit of the Fidelity & Casualty’s manage- ment. THE INSURANCE PRESS notices thatthecom- ' pany continues to add steadily to the funds voluntarily set aside as a reinforcement of the liability reserves. In liability underwriting it adheres firmly to the most conservative practices. The table below indicates briefly the growth of the company since 1884, in five-year periods: Year. Gross Assets. Cash Income. $512,026.11 $428,757.48 1,017,315.74 1,079, 754.92 2,136,700.33 2,483,176.07 3,601,126.49 3,591,338.86 6,791,185.19 5,474,474.72 Since its organization, in 1876, the Fidelity & Casualty has paid losses amounting to $19,655,793.02. tion ‘‘The Cosmopolitan’”’

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THE COSMOPOLITAN New Victor April Records Numbers beginning with 4 are in 10-inch size, $1.00 each ; $10.00 per dozen. Numbers beginning with 31 are in 12-inch size, $1 Sousa’s Band. “Masaniello Overture," nes a tak er ake ta “Bride of the Waves"’ (Cornet Solo by Herbert L. accompanied by Sousa’s Band). “Kinloch 0’ Kinloch”’ (Piccolo Solo by Marshall P. accompanied by Sousa’s Band). Garde Republicaine Band of France. 4223. Tout4la Joie—Polka, Arthur Pryor’s Band. **My Dream " Waltz (Mon Réve), Auber Clarke, Lufsky, ‘ - Fahrbach Waldteufel Pryor’s Orchestra. 4264. ‘* What the Pond Lilies Whispered,"’ Betts 4265. ‘* Love and Kisses’ '—Caprice, be ec tie A Harris 4270. ‘* Wilhelmina Waltzes,” AE er gar ae Se ee oe Hall 4267. 31358. ‘* Vale of Shenandoah” Medley,—Popular successes. 31359. Aida Selection, eo Verdi 31356. Midsummer Night's Dream Ov erture, “Mendelssohn Mandolin Solo by Samuel Siegel. 4269. ‘* A-Sa-Ma,” . Van Alstyne Soprano nai by Florence Hay ward (violin obligato). Bach-Gounod Braga 4251. ‘* Ave Maria,’ 31364. ‘* Angel's Biewida* Soprano Solos by Edith Helena (orchestra acc.). 4273. ‘* Coming Thro’ the Rye," “| 31362. ‘* Caro Nome.’’—Rigoletto, Verdi By Richard Jose, (orchestra acc.). 4261. **She Fought On By His savant : 31355. ‘* Time and Tide,” : Dresser Rodney Tenor Solos by Byron G. Harlan (orchestra acc.). Lamb Harris 4254. ‘‘ When the Harvest Moon is Shining on the River,” 4255. ‘‘It Makes Me Think of Home Sweet Home,” $15.00 per dozen .50 each ; Baritone Solos by J. WwW. orchestra acc.). 4274. ‘* Wearing of the Gree _ ers 4275. ‘* Neath the Pines of Ve rmont, Strouse Baritone Solos _ Emilio de ‘june (orchestra acc.). 4257. ‘* The Palms,” =n a a ee . Faure Fs 31360. ‘* La Marseillaise, « i De L'Isle ja; Soprano ie Gun Duet. Miss Hayward and Mr. Macdonough (orchestra acc 4272. ” Youand 1 "—(from Isle of Spice), . Tenor Solo and Quartet. Harry Macdonough and Haydn Quartet 4277. ‘* Where the Southern Roses Grow,” ‘ rchestra acc.). Morse Cc omic Duet by Roberts and Murray (orchestra a 4276. ‘‘Oh! Oh! Sallie, Comie Duet by C ollins wail Masten 4252. “‘ The Bingville Band,’ es Choir Records by Trinity c siete (organ acc.). “Safeinthe Arms of Jesus,"’ cet Xe Fanny Crosby [- “Sing Alleluia Forth’ (opus 65), . . . . Dudley Buck March Song by Frank 6 Stanley (orchestra acc.) * Listen to the Big Brass Band," . Dave Reed, Jr. March Song by Biily Murray (orchestra acc.) «Bunker Hill,’ ° Von Tilzer Comie Song by Dan w. Quinn « ‘tilacakoe ac ** Esmeralda McCann, Coon Song by Bob Rabets (orc ae stra acc.) ** Tennessee,” Williams and Van Alstyne German Pavely by Frank Wilson. “ Teasing.” . Haydn “Male Gunetest caalicaiad acc.). “ The Holy City,”’ ° @,6 as . « Adams Minstrel acendi Olden Time Minstrels‘‘ F . Ballad, ** My Love Remains the Same.’ Leonard orchestra a . Billings Heinzman Highest Award at St. Louis Every Victor Record is a good Record The Victor meaning of good records is 1 possible reproduction of a good selection, by an artist of the # highest class—without regard to cost. You can safely order any desired selection from the Victor ¥ Catalogue. N ie the very The records are right. On sale at dealers April ist Mar og Sy Machine Victor a Talking Machine Co es Philadelphia When you write, please mention ‘“‘The Cosmopolitan” Irish Air Oy . Schindler [23

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THE COSMOPOLITAN THE PROBLEM Starved Poorly ’ rs Coma Poor __ Ii Brain and + Starchy + Digestion _—_ Health Nerves Pi caidhe Brain and ie + Certain __ Grape- inane F meee Digestion ~- Nuts Food Try as we may we cannot feed the various pe of the body on drugs. We must do it in nature’s way, by food. Ordinary phosphorus, of the drug shop, will not feed the brain and nerves as that which nature puts into the grains of the field in the form of phosphate of potash. By use of food containing this important element we can properly nourish and rebuild the brain and nerve centres. The makers of Grape-Nuts breakfast food, knowing its great value, make those important parts of the grains (wheat and barley), which contain the phosphate of potash, a part of their food. They also change the starch of the grains into sugar, and thus avoid all danger to its users of “starch indigestion,” which complaint is common to users of white bread, porridge, etc. The crisp, delicious particles of Grape-Nuts should be only slightly moistened with cream or milk, leaving work for the teeth as nature intended. Their action brings down the saliva and this is very important in the digestion of all foods. Try the change to days. There’s a reason for Grape-Nuts When you write, please mention ‘‘The Cosmopolitan’

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For Perfect Hands firm, rounded, shapely, use the Kleanwell Sponge, made of pure rubber. Keeps the hands in perfect condition all thetime. Removes dirt and makes the soap lather more freely. SPONGE is the only thoroughly hygienic and sanitary sponge in existence. Equally fine for toilet, bath or nursery. The Tingle Sponge is a new form of the Klean- well. Has a reversible strap which permits the use of either side. Price for either sponge: Toilet size, 50c.; bath size, 75c. and $1.00. At al) dealers. Look for the Kleanwell iabel. ALFRED Ht. SNITH €O., Sole U.S. Agents, 84 and 86 Chambers Si., New York pee Ba Be ee OW EVERY SPONC

Banking By Mail 4%, INTEREST is paid on savings accounts by The Citizens Savings and Trust Company OF CLEVELAND, OHIO One of the largest and oldest Savings Banks in the country, having Assets of over Thirty-seven Million Dollars and Oapital and Surplus of Six Million Dollars We welcome accounts of any amount from One Dollar to Ten Thousand Dollars. Deposits can be sent by Post Office or Express Money Order, Check on Local Bank, New York Draft, or currency by Express or Registered Mail. Send to-day for Booklet “‘ W,” telling how you can bank safely and conveniently by mail.

THE COSMOPOLITAN When you write, please mention ‘‘The Cosmopolitan”’

New York Styles MADE TO ORDER ihe ge 26) NOTHING READY-MADE $6 to eq 25 Catalogue, Samples and Simple Measurement Directions Sent FREE

This season shows unusual changes in style and never have more attractive fabrics been offered. Our Fashion Book shows 158 of the latest Spring and Sum- mer styles, and our stock of over 500 fabrics in- cludes all the newest weaves and colors. Every wo- man who de- sires to know what will be worn in New York this sea- son should send for our Catalogue and Samples.

We not only make perfect- fitting garments from measure- ments sent us by mail, but we make them in the latest fash- ion, of the best materials and at Prices within your reach,

It is because we look care- fully after the little details in making gar- ments, that we have. satisfied over 250,000 iscerning women, who have become our regular patrons. Remember, we guarantee to fit you; if we fail to do SO we refund your money. Tailor-made Suits, . x 69 Designs—300 fabrics. Shirt-waist Suits, 90 Designs—200 fabrics.

$7.50 to $25 $6.00 to $20

Silk Costumes, - . $12.00 to $25 88 Designs—40 fabrics. Separate Skirts, $3.50 to $12

40 Designs—250 fabrics.

$9.75 to $18 $7.50 to $18 $5.75 to $15 $10.00 to $20

Rain Coats, ‘ , <. 22 Designs—30 fabrics. Long Driving Coats, . ar. 12 Designs—100 fabrics.

Jackets, ‘ Silk Coats,

22 Designs—50 fabrics.

10 Designs—40 fabrics. We prepay Express Charges to any part of the United States W § d F to any part of the United States e en Pee our Spring and Summer Cata- logue showing the latest New York Fashions, a large assortment of Samples of the Newest Materials, and simple directions for taking measurements correctly. Write for them to-day. Mention colors desired and whether you wish samples for a tailor-made suit, silk costume, shirt-waist suit, skirt, jacket or rain coat. NATIONAL CLOAK & SUIT cO., 119 and 121 West 23d Street, New York Mail Orders Only. No Agents or Branches. Est.17 years.

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THE COSMOPOLITAN Welch. o GrapeJuice IS MORE THAN A DRINK It is nature’s finest food— a builder of tissues, a maker of rich blood, a delightful tonic and a typhoid fever preventative— the pure, unfermented juice of the choicest Concord grapes—a “fruity flavor” with snap and vim to it—a food for the sick, and a health-giving tonic for the well. Compare or test Welch’s and other kinds, and then you will know why Welch’s is best. Sold by druggists and grocers in quart and pint bottles. Trial dozen pints $3. Express paid east of Omaha. Booklet with delicious recipes for beverages and desserts made from Welch’s Grape Juice, free. Sample three-ounce bottle of Welch’s Grape Juice by mail 10 cents. Highest Award at St. Louis. THE FOOD THAT DIGESTS ITSELF ARO-ENA digests itself, digests milk, helps to digest everything eaten with it. A unique property for a food, but Taro-ena is cooked unsweetened Hawaiian taro—nothing added, nothing taken away—and Hawaiian taro contains ts own natural aipes stant. Hawaiians live on it almost solely, and are excellent specimens of physical strength. Taro-ena is remarkably nutritious and satisfying; produces strong muscle and bone, Peculiar in taste, delicious, economical. Wherever introduced it displaces other foods for soe Invalids, Dyspepties and people of upset or feeble digestion. 12 ozs , BOCs 26 ozs. . @1. 003 90 ozs., $8. at drug stores, or by mail prepaid. SE ND “106. FOR TRIAL SIZE, ENOU i FOR FOUR MEALS Including a very interesting 32-page illustrated book on Taro-ena and taro cultivation in Hawaii. FREE-; Beautiful parlor picture, 8x29, of Hawaii, will be mailed free F for *“*CREST” from top of one soc. or $1.c0 Taro-ena box. TARO FOOD CO., BOX C, DANBURY, CONN. When you write, please mention ‘‘The Cosmopolitan”

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DIAMONDS WIN HEARTS

one’s heart. THE COSMOPOLITAN “yp aet are Cupid’s chief ally when he angles for a fair On a woman’s finger, a sparkling solitaire bespeaks and reflects some man’s enduring regard and affection. Worn by a man, a Dia-

EXPOSITION mond bespeaks prosperity; in fact helps to gain it, and renders literally true the saying—‘‘To be successful, look successful.” You Can Wear Or Give A Diamond

. Is to write for our beautifully Your First Step illustrated 1905 Catalogue, «| @very page of which is laden with reproductions of the latest and most artistic Diamond pieces, watches and jewels. Your first impression will be of a bewildering variety of the finest goods at most reasonable and attractive prices. . ° Some one particu- Making A Selection jerpiece fin’ we believe, attract your special attention, and we hope create a desire to see and examine it closely. If so, you have only to designate it to us, and it will be our immediate pleasure to send it to you on approval. We do this without expect- ing you to assume the slightest obligation to buy, and without incurring a penny of expense for we prepay everything. 5 If your Decide for Yourself tic ™~ ion pleases you in every way ; if you believe it to be splendid value for the price asked, pay one-fifth and it is yours to wear, or to place upon a loved one’s finger. The bal- ance you may send to us in eight equal monthly payments. The entire trans- action may be as confidential as you wish, and if you prefer, may be a a strictly personal matter of busi- [ae Ness between ourselves. ) The quali <~ Guarantee Sfenyining sent you is absolutely guaran- teed. No Diamond leaves our establish- ment without a sign- ed certificate of value i and quality. The signature at- tached is the one of greatest responsibility in the Dia-

Dept. D. 34, 92 to 98 State Street, Chicago, Ill. When you write, please mention ‘‘The Cosmopolitan” Money Back Offer ¥2"*, 0%, Pes very largely the extension of credit courtesies to distant buyers, we of course sell for cash as well, and it is in con- nection with cash business, that we make the refund offer following: Pay cash for a Diamond and we will give you a written agreement, to permit you to return the Diamond to us at any time within a year, and upon its return, to pay you in cash, all you paid us—less ten per cent, the reasonable cost of transacting business. You might, for instance, under this offer, wear a fifty dollar Diamond for 7, then return it to us and get $45, making the cost of wearing the Diamond for a whole year, less than ten cents per week. Advantages Offered 73°? 27 ot tages offered by our house that are clearly beyond the reach of small concerns. We are for instance, the largest retailers of Diamonds in the world, and the only Diamond Cutters in the world offering their product at retail. These facts are very significent of the price advantages which we can offer. The quality of our goods is attested by the Highest Award made in the Diamond and Jewelry section at the Saint Louis Exposition; while our respon- sibility is attested by the highest commercial rating (by far the highest) enjoyed by any house in our line of business. ° Our Credit Offer 's,9p¢,'0. 227 ing capacity and honest intentions in the United States. The account of the small salaried em- ployee for anything within reasonable require- ments, is just as welcome on our books. as is that of his or her well-to-do employer. The Loftis System is universal in its scope and application, It is open to every honest man and wcman. Please write today for Catalogue and Souvenir Booklet. » Loftis Bros. & Co. DIAMONDS—WATCHES—JEWELRY

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THE OOSMOPOLITAN And | ™Become ! - Acquainted Po NS With My | . **Selling to Families Direct from Factory,”’ | Gan Pay (5°. ANNUAL DIVIDENDS—and Accumulate a Surplus I Make Money Honestly. My Plan Is Sound,—I Have No Losses. I Make Big Dividends from Legitimate I Make $100.00 Earn $67.00 Every Year Earnings. From 10% and 12% Net on Sales. . 1 Will Make YOU Money in My Compounding Money in Business Explained, Business. —few know how to use capital. Few Know How To Make Money Straight, legitimate methods will do it. I do not speculate. I believe in new ideas, new plans, up-to-date methods, with the principal of your investment safely and surely secured, giving you an investment always salable and transferable. I can tell you in a few words and show you with a few figures how easily I can make these divi- dends. My methods are legitimate, easy to understand, and no hardship upon any one,—a matter only of handling capital properly. My Customers are producers now accumulating 6,500 million dollars annually,—I should like to tell you about it. Show Your Interest Enough to Write Me. == When you write, please mention ‘“‘The Cosmopolitan”

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THE COSMOPOLITAN Remem- ber that every dollar you in- | vest with ME is | back of \ backed by N.Y. Every \, City Municipal / Penny \,_ Bonds You =F Invest To Invest *25 Each With Ten Thousand Partners ! Trunk and Dresser ° COMBINED. Can do a business of “Coung” “Selling Direct from Factory” TOLEDO.O One Million Dollarszz | CAN PAY INVESTORS 15% [LIMIT, $2,500 TO ANY ONE PERSON) You have seen my advertising for past years in all the leading magazines and publications. Many of you have bought my goods here shown. You are my witnesses. Are they good? Are they worth the price? I have an established, permanent, growing busi- THIS ness for you to think about; I have built it by careful, by watchful and progressive methods. My directors and the management of this ONE Company are worthy of your trust, money-making, business men; I $16.00 want you to know about them, about me, and how profitable it is to be a partner in this Company. MONEY WILL EARN MONEY, if properly invested. Let me explain my plan to you. Every dollar invested is backed by New York City Municipal Bonds—it is not fancy; it is worth your while to investigate. My business, now overrun with orders, has cost me hours of work and thought to develop this money-making plan. Write me; I will answer in person. I will tell you ‘HOW I MAKE MONEY >;” you will be interested. HOMER J. YOUNG, ener aes Co. TOLEDO, OHIO When you write, please mention ‘“The Cosmopolitan”

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THE COSMOPOLITAN

a = Photographs from original implements in collection of Pennsylvania Museum, Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, Flint-lock Tinder Pistol Primitibe Fire Making No. 6. The old flint-lock gun of our forefathers probably suggested to them a better and more satisfactory means of obtaining a light over the common flint ‘‘strike-a-light.’’ The odd locking instrument shown above was used in the American Colonies about the eighteenth century. Its lighting principle was practically that of the flint and steel. The tinder placed in the small pan immediately below the steel was ignited from the sparks produced by the sudden closing of the hammer holding the flint. This was considered an ingenious implement in its time—and it was—but now-a-days the American people are satisfied only with the most modern match—and that’s Starcl< LIGHT MATCH Most modern because most perfect. A sure light with first scratch. No broken sticks—no flying heads. The Search Light Match is 2% inches long; burns a full half minute. The match for every place and purpose. Get them at your grocer’s and Look for the Coupon in each box that entitles you to something of educational value. THE DIAMOND MATCH CO. Copyright 1905 by The Diamond Match Company.

When you write, please mention “The Cosmopolitan”

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REMEMBER IS TO STUDY THE PELMAN SYSTEM OF Send a postal card for Pelman’s great Book: “Memory, and What Can Be Done to Improve It.” It Costs you Nothing ; It Explains Everything. WE GUARANTEE To Double the Powers of Your Natural Memory in a Month. Our Prospectus Contains Hundreds of Convinc- ing Testimonials and Press Reviews in Praise of the Pel- man System. Write to-day, before you forget it. PELMAN SCHOOL OF MEMORY, 926 Whitehall Building, New York City. ™ Leonard Cleanable Refrigerator LINED WITH Genuine Porcelain Enamel fired on sheet steel. You can not break, scratch or corrode this wonderful lining. It will last forever, sweet and clean, Sliding adjustable shelves, of same material, caseof oak with quarter sawed panels. Hand polished golden finish, nickel trimmings,eight walls | with mineral woo] insulation ane i ie $27. 50 toeight non as far asthe Mis- sissippiand Ohiorivers. We sell direct where we have no agent. Satisfaction guaran- teed. Send for booklet show- ing other styles from $8.25 up and free sample of our won- derful lining. Beware of imitations made with white paint, white glass or tile. THE GRAND RAPIDS REFRIGERATOR CO. & Ottawa St., Grand Rapids, Mich. THE COSMOPOLITAN When you write, please mention ‘‘The Cosmopolitan” : RAILROAD BOND INVESTMENT We beg to announce to our large and increasing clientele, and those having funds for investment, that we have just secured one of the most attractive Railroad Bond issues that has been before the public for years. By purchasing the entire issue direct from the Company for our own account, we are enabled to place before those seeking an investment an offering of unusual merit at an extremely attractive price. An expert and Shersnae examination of these se- curities makes it possible for us to recom- mend them as of the highest legal and fi- nancial stand- ing. Because of their intrinsic value they are worthy of special consideration and have our highest endorsement. Full data and quota- tions upon prompt request. A. N. CHANDLER & CO. Bankers 120 Broadway, New York. Bourse, Philadelphia Our booklet, ‘‘ Hints and Helps to Investors,’ is a study of mt. investments well worth con ing. It may be had by sending your name and address, which, for convenience, may be written on the margin of this page and mailed to us.

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THE OOSMOPOLITAN on SSSA HELP YOUR CAMERA TESSAR ~~ to make good photographs under all condi- a) ' tions. The lens does the work. When or- , dering your camera of your dealer ask him to oo el oa have it fitted with that most perfect combination, - Tessar ~ Volute Tessar is the highest type of modern Anas- tigmat lens—having great speed, giving sharp, clear pictures under the most trying conditions. Volute is the most perfect rapid photographic shutter. It will catch an athlete, an express train, or make a portrait. CATALOG FREE. 32 Years Selling Direct We are the largest manufacturers of vehicles and harness in the world selling to consumers exclusively. WE HAVE NO AGENTS but ship anywhere for examination and approval, guaranteeing safe delivery. You ‘ : are out nothing if not satisfied as Catalog to style, quality and 7 FREE price. We make 200 Have You a Dog? We will send, if you mention its breed, Polk Miller’s Great Book on “ Dogs; How to Take Care of Them; \' Sen. Vest’s Eloquent Tribute to a Dog, and A Yellow Dog’s Love 4) for a Nigger (the famous poem) al! for l0c, just to advertise Sergeant’s Famous Dog Remedies. Address POLK MILLER DRUG CO. 839 Main St., Richmond, Va. MONEY IN AUTHORSHIP I make you a successful paid contributor to leading magazines and newspapers. My Trial Lesson Free. HENRY I. MacMAHON, styles of ve- hicles and 65 N. ¥. SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM, __47 World Building, N. Y. styles of har- The ness. . ef Ne. 71014, Fine Driving Wagon with %-in. rubber tires. Price com- plete $66.00. As good as sells for $35 more. “‘Ocularscope’’ Get Your Glasses at Wholesale Examine your own eyes without an oculist. Send for our “OCULARSCOPE,” the latest invention of the 20thcentury. SENT FREE with our beautiful illustrated catalogue of spectacles and eyeglasses. Mail Order Only. Send to-day. GRAND RAPIDS WHOLESALE OPTICIANS, 803 Houseman Building, Grand Rapids, Mich. No. 421. Fine Cut Under Victoria Top Stanhope. Priee complete $187.00. As good as sells for $40 more. Our large catalogue is FREE, Send for it, Elkhart Carriage & Harness Mig. Co., Elkhart, Ind. Wher you write, please mention ‘“‘The Cosmopolitan”’

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THE COSMOPOLITAN THE RETAIL PRICES OF QODYE4, THE JAMES MEANS SHOE FOR MEN G ARE UNIFORM THROUGHOUT THE U. S. NAMELY $220 $2 DELIVERY FREE A trade-mark shoe is one upon which the manufacturer’s reputation is staked all the time. BE SURE THAT THE ABOVE FAMOUS TRADE MARK IS STAMPED ON THE SOLE. WIDELY HNOWN AND HIGHLY REGARDED FOR MORE THAN A QUARTER OF A CENTURY. Foxed | It IS SOLD by leading retail- Tater No. 9601 ers, but if your retailers cannot Ideal Shoe Blucher Ox-| supply you we will send, delivery Spring ford. Rus: free, to any post-office or express “°**- “Tan col. Office in the U.S. on receipt of ored. _| price. —$2.50 or $3.00, accordin to style. We make these cats in great variety. Many styles carried constantly in stock at fac- tory. Drop us a postal card and iwe will send you instructions \for measuring and ordering. Ask for Booklet No. 10: It illustrates our various styles. Our Precision System of self- measurement insures accuracy of fit. | We also quote Model No. 9599 Blucher Oxford. Tan colored. Russia Calf. You will be more than satisfied with the quality and astonished at the price. $2.50. Delivery free in U. S. TO ALL RETAILERS OF SHOES. If the agency for this celebrated line of shoes has not been established in your vicinity, we are prepared to make you an interesting offer. Send postal to-day. Our large force of salesmen cover the U.S. Would you like to receive a call from the one in your district? Address Dept. 10. CHARLES A.EATON COMPANY MAKERS © BROCKTON : MASS. wy ACT ; oS When you write, please mention ‘‘The Cosmopolitan”’

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THE OCOSMOPOLITAN (@zr_ Carbide-Feed Generators Combine SAFETY BRILLIANCE ECONOMY Accepted by insurance No written comparison It costs less than elec- companies without extra can give an adequate idea tricity. Averages less premium. Lamps over- of its beauty or power, than city gas at $1.00 per turn, electric wires It gives the color values thousand. Cheaper to use *‘cross’’ and a fire results, of sunlight. Electric than kerosene for equal There can be no stored up lights are dull and yellow light. Any gas witha Colt. beside it. one can runit ic i describing the Acetylene We Prove This in our Free Book (escripittite cole Gen. erator, giving prices on all sizes from 10 lights up, and scores of testi- eer : monials. Please state your needs and ask questions. ~~ J. B. COLT CO., Dept. D, 21 Barclay St., New York CHICAGO PHILADELPHIA LOS ANGELES The largest makers of Acetylene Apparatus in the world. (=== ss eS a i| Buy Carriages from the Facto | A CusToMER is virtually handed the dealer's profit on a carriage buggy or harness when he buys direct from us at factory prices. Many have written that they have saved from $15 to $40 on a single purchase. We manufacture our entire line of carriages and harness; sell direct to the customer at wholesale prices, and warrant our goods in every way. Write for descriptive illustrated catalogue showing all styles of carriages and explaining the advantages of our plan of sale. We guarantee satis- faction or refund money, and pay freight charges both ways. “wa a THE COLUMBUS CARRIACE & HARNESS CO., COLUMBUS, OHIO. — omens Me FOR SPARE TIME OR For entire time $20 to $50 a week selling this NEW INVENTION, the = Fillin ountain STANDARD SELF: .. F PEN No ink dropper. Nosmeared fingers. No “blow.” Fills Itself No taking apart to clean. No twisted rubber. instantly at No valve or piston. No awkward hump. Ne any ink-well, complication. THIS $160-1° profit: for 20 days’ work by WAY. Geo. F. Smith, of Cal. $178-%° earned in 32 days by retired business man in Ala. $35-°° for a month’s spare time by G. Jos. Lovett, of Mass. $5-*° made first two hours by Mrs. Mary M. Lennon, of Mich. o'r Free Lessons in Successful Salesmanship make experience unnecessary. We send all particulars and figures te prove above records; write to-day. Energetic Agents and District Managers wanted. Standard Pen Co., 654 Spitzer, Toledo, oO. LATEST AND MOST FASHION- ” ABLE STYLES AND FORMS, OF ENGRAVED INVITATIONS. “YOU DONT GET DON WHEN YOU BUYA GUA] ANNOUNCEMENTS, CALLING UARDS, Etc. Samples sent free of charge upon request. esTaBLisHeD GD. PEACOCK ilvessiitin Corner State and Adams Streets, CHICAGO ECONOMY HOT-AIR PUMP Roller bearing, non-binding doors, removable (to clean or replace broken glass) by simply unhook- ing. No unsightly iron bands or protruding shelves. Cabinet work and finish the best Grand Rapids production. Sections so nicely joined together the appearance is that of a solid case. Complete catalogue sent FREE on request. Gunn Sectional Book Cases guarantees an on sale by all leading furniture dealers INFALLIBLE WATER SUPPLY. or direct from the factory. “4 warded Gold Medal, World's Fair, St. Louts.”’ Gunn Furniture Co., Grand Rapids, Mich. Makers of Gunn Desks and Filing Cabinets. The increasing sales during five years attest their reliability. ABSOLUTELY FOOL PROOF. Sold subject to trial. Write for particulars. THOMAS & SMITH, 288 Hudson Street, New York City. Dept. C. . 17-19 So. Carpenter St., Chicago, When you write, please mention ‘‘The Cosmopolitan”

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THE COSMOPOLITAN “Bath Room Outtit #&& 9 COMPLETE CLEAN—SANITARY—ODORLESS—NEWEST DESIGNS— BEST APPLIANCES—FINEST NICKEL TRIMMINGS. THE BATH TUB Seamless cast iron, heavy 3-inch roll rim, 5 feet in length and 30 inches in width, finest white porcelain enameled on the inside and over the roll rim. The fittings are extra heavy brass nickel-plated, consisting of Outside Standing ‘“‘Roman’”’ waste with china index button; Fuller double bath cock; off-set supply pipes; with floor flanges. > THE LAVATORY Countersunk genuine marble slab; solid porcelain 14x17 inch Patent overfiow oval basin; nickel-plated brass rope pattern brackets; nickel- plated brass Fuller basin cocks; nickel-piated brass supply pipes with air chambers; nickel- plated brass trap (both trap and supply pipesto the wall); nickel-plated chain and rubber stopper; basin clamps, screws; and nickel-plated flanges. THE CLOSET Low tank pattern, thoroughly sanitary and modern in construction; latest improved Vitreous syphon wash-down bowl; seat and cover made of seasoned quarter sawed Oak with high polished finish; seat attaches directly to the bowl with post and nickel-plated hinges; tank is lined with heavy copper and includes a high pressure ball cock and float valve syphon, and has nickel-plated push button action; two-inch elbow connection between the tank and the bowl, and nickel-plated supply pipe from floor to the tank. QUALITY We guarantee every article used in this Bath Room outfit to be new and perfect. The enamel ware is guaranteed for two years against crazes, chips or defects from ordinary wear. Any article proven defective within this time will be cheer- fully replaced with perfect material. The outfit will be furnished with floor screws, flanges, clamps, etc., complete and ready to set up. Connections easily made: Any ordinary mechanic can install with the aid of our co i c s sils $ y ) € i mprehensive working plans and instructions. Satisfaction Guaranteed or Money Refunded. ' WRITE US Any one interested in Plumbing Material or Heating Apparatus of any kind will do well to write us before buying elsewhere, as we have the largest and finest selection in the world, and can save the purchaser considerable money—all fully guaranteed. x wea ont ate 5 5 0 Other Bath Room Out- , fits from $25,00 to $195.00 trimmings—Paper Holder—tw¢ ASK US FOR CATALOGUE NO. F472—On Plumbing Material and Heating Apparatus. Towel Bars—Glass Shelf—Bath CHICAGO HOUSE W.CO., - = 35th and Iron Sts., CHICAGO Seat and Soap Cup, for §7.00. NOTE.— We furnish country homes with complete water works systems. When you write, please mention ‘“Fhe Cosmopolitan”’

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THE COSMOPOLITAN 50 A postal-card written TO-DAY will bring our handsomely illustrated FREE prospectus which tells all about our novel method of co-operative fruit-growing. Write the postal now, while you have the matter in mind. Before you turn the leaf—or write a letter, or sign, tear out and mail us the coupon at the bottom of this advertisement. We realize that our statement—-$8.50 A MONTH FOR LIFE MAY BE SECURED BY AN IN- VESTMENT OF ONLY $200—is so extraordinary that hardly any one will believe it until we have proven it. We do not expect that any one will believe our mere statement that this can be done. We expect to furnish overwhelming proof—one hundred and one kinds of it—in every case. Wonderful Possibilities We believe the greatest money-making possibili- ties anywhere in the Western Hemisphere to-day are in the scientific growth of tropical fruits, especially bananas. The demand for bananas is so great that it is practically unlimited. The magnitude of the banana industry is beyond human comprehension. Ten times as many bananas could be marketed here in the United States if the banana-growing com- panies would produce them. A New Kind of Competition The various steamship companies which buy bananas right on the plantation and bring them up (from Honduras and other banana-growing countries) are in competition with each other. Not in selling the fruit, but in buying it. This condition makes the banana-growing industry more and more profitable to banana growers. Y * Safety We have a large plantation (the best banana land in the world) and are making a lot of money, and making it easily, and we are just as sure of our big profits from month to month as you are of your 3 per cent. or your 4 per cent. from your savings bank. Banks are all right if you are satisfied with a very small rate of interest. If, on the other hand, you want the largest possible income without risking your capital, it will pay you to investigate the banana business by a careful study of our prospectus. FREE Co-operative Tropical Fruit Association, 944 Real Estate Trust Building, Philadelphia. Send me the free illustrated pamphlet telling how to secure a life income of $8.50 a month or more. eee rere eee eecce see e ee eee eeeesseeeseseees When you write, please a Month for Life By Investing $10.00 a Month for 20 Months What We Are Doing In addition to our plantation, we have a large tract of unplanted banana land adjoining. We are planting this out of the profits from our banana acreage, but the tract is very large and all our available capital and all our profits for some time to come will not enable us to plant the whole tract. We want to plant the whole tract without delay, because the larger the plantation the better the terms we can make with the steamship companies. We want to make all of the money we can and make it as soon as we can. What We Can Do For You Therefore we make the extraordinary and liberal offer to plant some of this banana land for you— as much as you want if you apply at once—and let you pay us on small monthly instalments. If we had the capital now to plant all of our land, you would not have a chance to invest a dollar in our business. We are not simply looking for an opportunity to divide up our large profits, but the best arrangement we can make for ourselves is one which creates a most extraordinary opportunity for a few outside investors. A Life Income It will pay you at once to write, or mail the coupon, and get our interesting and instructive pamphlet and look into the matter thoroughly. It is a wonderful chance to secure a life income, The British Foreign Report No. 385 (and govern- ment reports are always -conservative) gives the average income per acre as $250. But we aim to be even moré conservative. We figure only on the low average of $100 per acre. Based on this estimate: $102 month for 20 months should net you, at least, $8.50 per month for life. $20 a month for 20 menths should net you, at least, $17.00 per month for life. #50 a month for 20 months should net you, at least, 842.50 per month for life. #8100 amonth for 20 months should net you, at least,@85.00 per month for life. After reading our prospectus you will wonder why most everybody doesn’t go into the banana business-——the most profitable business known. The reason is that most people know little or nothing about it and they won’t investigate any- thing so extraordinary with enough care to become convinced of the possibilities. The vast majority of people will take it for granted that our offer is too good to be true, and they won’t look into it at all Those who do look into it will be the thrifty people, who are not going to be in poor circumstances or live on relatives in old age. Don’t Fail to Read the Free Booklet The writer of this advertisement is actively en- gaged in the management of our Company. He knows exactly what he is talking about. He didn’t condemn the enterprise because it looked too good to be true. He investigated it thoroughly before he offered any opinions. He knows that his FREE prospectus concerning the banana business in general and our plantation in particular will interest you. Write for it, or sign and mail the coupon now. Co-operative Tropical Fruit Association 944 Real Estate Trust Building Philadelphia mention ‘The Cosmopolitan” is

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THE COSMOPOLITAN Swell “NON” $3.50 Shoe With Solid Rubber Heels. You can pound off the miles or stand the whole day while your feet stay rested. No jar to the nerves No leg-muscle ache No weary feet A good health shoe }“Don” Bright Colt Shoe Shines likea new dollar and keeps its luster. **Wonderful , . Leather Holds on Clasps lie GUARANTEED Tenaciously FLAT Against to outwear patent in an the Leg, leather shoes of any make or price, Embrace of and Cannot and not to break Comfort Chafe or Rub through with proper wear till , , j sole is worn Clean Cut, Ba through. Graceful of Style, Velvety Soft . s ty exten were Silk Garter Made by union workmen. Made in different styles. —e ‘ FOR MEN Sent to any address on oe receipt of $3.50 or C. O. D. Pi . Don’t buy an inferior article. Look for the : es prepaid for 25c. extra. word Brighton on the clasps and on the box. t AGENTS everywhere, write ——™ Sold by dealers or by mail. Price 25 cents. for FREE samples of leathers and catalog. PIONEER SUSPENDER CO., 718 Market St., Philada. “DON” SHOE CO., Dept. N, Brockton, Mass. Mannie Chemer Senta Pure as the Lily! is the Complexion of the Woman who uses WILLA’S CREAM OF CLEOME Send your address and let us tell you all about it ee eee ne 17-19 Grand River Ave. DETROIT, MICH. Eastern Depot, 220 Broadway When you write, please mention ‘‘The Cosmopolitan”’

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THE COSMOPOLITAN Ivers & Pond Pianos. Have you a little room in which you have wished it were possible to place a Grand Piano? We have enabled you todoso. Fora quarter-century we have patiently experimented to reduce the size and price of Grand Pianos to adapt them to the limited space and purse of many music lovers. In the “Princess” we have at last produced a Grand that meets musi- cally the requirements of the most exacting tone critic. This dainty, beautiful instrument charms all who hear and see it. The “Princess” has 7% octaves, overstrung scale, Capo d’Astro bar, agraffes, duplex scale, the true Grand action of the French- Swiss repeating model, and other features of concert- grand construction. May we send you our new catalogue fully describing this unique instrument and containing accurate pictures.of all our charming new styles? Ivers & Pond Pianos are con- structed of the choicest materials by expert piano-makers. Their phenomenal durability and capacity for tune-staying are important considerations with careful purchasers. H OW TO BUY We can supply you with one of our Pianos though you may live in the most remote city or village in the United States. On request we will give you information of interest, and if no dealer sells the Ivers & Pond in your locality, quote prices and explain our Easy Pay Plan—12, 24 or 36 months to complete purchase. The piano will be carefully selected by experts, conscientiously following your preferences in every detail, and shipped subject to approval, to be returned if not entirely satisfactory. Write us. IVERS & POND PIANO CO., 111 Boylston Street, Boston, Mass. Looking for an Easter | Souvenir? | I have Fans for big folKs and little folks, Favor Fans for children’s en- tertainments, cotillions, | and dinners. Serviceable, Lasting FV Mee Caa aceite TLS CARMELITA aS 87 Fifth Avenue, New York. Send for my Illustrated Catalog of Fans--Free! When you write, please mention ‘‘The Cosmopolitan’”’

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20 ROSES prepaid for ———s The roses we send will bloom freely this summer either in pots or planted in the yard. They PM are hardy everbloomers. We guar- antee them to reach you in good growing condition. We also guar- @ antee them to be the best dollar’s Y) worth of roses you ever purchased. Write to-day. Souvenir de Pierre Notting, orange yellow. Souvenir de Elise Vardon, 4% creamy white. Madame Jean Dupuy, light yellow rose.’ Pierre Guil- lot, deep crimson. Mra. R. B. Cant, deep, rich red. Rosamane Graver- @ aux (new), silvery pink. Maurice Rouvier, pink Z shaded buff. Lady Mary Cory, creamy yellow. Luel- ole, yellow flushed red. Gladys Markneass, the improved La France. Aurora, bright pink. Killarney, sal- mon pink. Alliance Franco- Russia, am- ber yellow. Antoine Verdier, glowing rose. Ruby Gold, yellow and crimson. Bouquet of Gold, golden yellow. Hermosa, every- body’s favorite. Ivory. snowy white: Bon Silene, in bloom all the time. Burbank, beautiful flesh tint. Remember, the above 20 roses mailed for $1.00 anywhere in the world. Illustrated catalogue of all kinds of roses, plants, etc., free. Write for it to-day. The Good & Reese Company The Largest Rose Growers in the World, Box C, id, Ohio Self-Lighting Pocket Lamp Size of pencil. Takes place kerosene lamps, candles and matches. Exclu- sive territory to Agents. Rapid seller. Seeing’s believing. Send Stamp. PREMIER MFG. CO., Dept.13. 82 PARK PLACE, NEW YORK. AMERICAN BEAUTY grown in your own garden if you have the Heller three-year-old hardy rose bushes. Our free art brochure “The American Beauty Rose,” gives valuable information about rose culture—tells how you can have your own American Beauties alx months in the year for the price of one florists’ bouquet. HELLER BROS., 934 Main St., New Castle, Ind. Horsford’s New Catalogue of Hardy Plants and Flower Seeds is a dainty little book, a messenger of spring from the New England woods. It offers about a thousand kinds of hardy ornamentals suited to any cold climate where white folks live. It includes old fashioned flowers, hardy ferns, herbaceous plants, shrubs, trees, vines, a long list of lilies for ont door culture, wild flowers and every thing for the perennial border or shady corner. You should see it before ordering because it offers what you want and prices are low for the quality of stock. Mailed for a 2c. stamp. FRED’K H. HORSFORD, Charlotte, Vt. THE COSMOPOLITAN and Vegetable Culture When you write, please mention ‘“‘The Cosmopolitan’”’ DREER'’S Garden for 1905 —contains the largest and most complete list of seeds, plants, bulbs, etc. ever issued. De- scribes thousands of new, rareand standard varieties of Roses, Can- nas, Chrysanthemums, Asters, Sweet Peas, Old- fashioned Hardy Plants, Vegetables, etc., etc., and gives expert directions for Successful Flower written specially for Dreer’s Garden Book. Mak- ing a great volume of 224 pages, profusely illus- trated by photographic reproductions, with six full-page color plates painted from Nature. Mailed free to old customers without request. Sent to anyone on receipt of ten cents in stamps or coin, which amount may be deducted from first order. Please mention this magazine. HENRY A. DREER, 714 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. COLDWELL LAWN \\ MOWERS ‘ PENT EEL ae hal ALL GRADES ALL SIZES On the parks of Greater New York are more than 600 Coldwell Horse and Hand Lawn Mowers that have been used constantly during the cutting season for the last seven years. This speaks for itself COLDWELL LAWN MOWER CO.. 11 Coldwell Street. Newsureu, N. Y.

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mw THE COSMOPOLITAN

— ii fl THE ‘ ‘CRE TIC’ ’

fe * Sor SHOE LOOK FOR NAME IN STRAP TAE “CELTIC” BUTTON OXFORD @Some men still pay all the way from $8.00 to $15.00 for made-to-measure shoes. Thatmeansa waste of from $3.00 to $10.00 on every pair they buy. For $5.00 you can get—Florsheim Shoes made to your measure—because unless your feet are ab- normal in some respect, one of our 200 specially de- signed foot-form lasts is bound to conform perfectly to the shape of your foot. It’s all a question of fit any way, because no matter how high a price you pay you can’t get better leather, better workmanship and style than you get in Florsheim’s for $5.00. When you go below that price you can’t get shoe satis- faction unless you're very easily satisfied. Q@If your feet are radically different from the average you'll be interested in this proposition:— FR EF Write for our new Style Book. Contains . valuable advice to shoe buyers and ex- plains why Florsheim’s are the best. If you cannot’ get them at your dealer’s, or have the least trouble in being fitted, send us your dealer’s name and we will make a pair to your special measure. FLORSAEIM & COMPANY CHICAGO, U.S.A. & Be Your Own Boss! MANY MAKE $2,000.00 A YEAR. You have the same chance. Start a Mail Order Business at home. Wetell you how. Moneycoming in daily. Enormous profits. Everything furnished. Write at once for our “‘Starter’’ and FREE particulars. C. KRUEGER CO., 155 Washington Street, Chicago, Ill. I Turned Out $301.27 worth of plating in 2 weeks, writes M. L. Smith of Pa. (used } small outfit). Rev. Geo. P. Crawford writes, made $7.00 first day. J.J. 8. Mills, a farmer, writes, can easily make $5.00 day plating. Thos. Parker, school teacher 21 years, writes, **T made $9.80 profit one day, $9.35 another.” Plating ~ Business easily learned. We Teach You Sf goods to be plated with Gold, Silver, Nickel and Metal plating. Heavy Plate—latest process. Write today for Catalogue, Agency and Offer. Address, £&. Gray & Co., Plating Works, Cincinnati, O.

Free—No Experience Required. Every- body has tableware, watches, j-welry and metal NS No toy or humbug. Outfits all sizes. Every- <=" thing guaranteed. LET USSTART YOU. For nearly 50 years we have made Rose growing a special- ty. With seventy green- houses and a stock of over a million plants, we may fairly claim to be the LEADING RosE GROWERS OF AMERICA. Oncea year we make this special offer of our great Trial Collection of 16 D. & ©. Roses for $1.00, sent by mail prepaid to any post office in the y U.S Satisfaction and safe arrival guaranteed. Each variety labeled. Superb, strong plants, hardy, ever- blooming kinds; no two alike. AU on their own roots. Willbloom continuously wee this year. The collection includes two great new Roses, White Maman Cochet, 2 superb, new, hardy, ever-bloom- ing Rose, and Keystone, our sensational, new, hardy, ever-blooming, yellow climbing Rose. Mention this paper when ordering, and ‘we willsend you a return check for 25cents, accepted as cash on a future order. We will send free with every order, to all who write for it, whether ordering or not, the 36th annual edition of our New Guide to Rose Culture for 1905.—The Leading Rose Catalogue of America. 114 pages. Tells how to grow, and describes our famous Roses and all other flowers worth growing. Offers acompletelist of flower and vegetable seeds. Ask for it to-day. GPUTAE DINGEE & CONARD CO., West Grove, Pa 70 Greenhouses, Established 1850,

If yours are not so, they will appear straight and trim if you wear our Pneumatic or Cushion Rubber Forms. Adjusted instantly, im- possible to detect, easy asagarter. Highly re- commended by army and navy officers, actors, tailors, phy- sicians and men of fash- ion. Photo-illustrated book, testimonials and measurement blank mailed free under plain letter seal. THE ALISON CO., Desk DC, Buffalo, N.Y. U rn New 8.8. CALEDONIA, 9,400 tons, Specially

Chartered. July Ist. $245 up. Exceptional advantages. Many other Tours. Write us. FRANK ©. CLARK, 118 Broadway, New York.

NEW INVENTION. Write for new booklet, Special Offer this month, Our new Quaker Folding Vapor Bath Cabinets, finest produced. , Everybody delighted, Enjoy at home for 3c each all | the marvelous cleansing, invigorating, curative effects Ii] of the famous Turkish Baths. Opensthe 6,000,000 skin pores, purifies the entire system. Beats Hot jj] Springs. Prevents disease. Saves Dr, bills. Cured thousands, Nature’s drugless remedy for colds, grip, rheumatism, aches, pains, blood and skin diseases, Kidney trouble, children’s diseases and female ills. i] Guaranteed. Sent on 80 days’ trial, $100.00 to ii $800.00 a month. salesmen, managers, general agents. 100 per cent profit. Address, URING CO., 82 WorLo Buipino, CINCINNATI, OHIO.

When you write, please mention ‘The Cosmopolitan.”

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THE COSMOPOLITAN When an institution with a working equipment valued at $5,000,000 and a reputation of 13 years’ continued success offers to show you weth- out charge how to multiply your salary, either by advancing in your present work or by changing to a more lucrative occupation offering greater opportunities for your natural talents, isn’t the offer worthy of your consideration? When this institution further offers to give you the names and addresses of a thousand and one who as the direct result of in- vestigating this offer have either secured lucrative positions or are managing enterprises of their own, isn’t it worth the time it takes to ask how you can do likewise? When this institution places be- fore you a selected list of the most profitable and promising occupa- tions, and invites you, without fur- ther obligations on your part, to indicate the position you would like to have by simply making A MARK LIKE THIS doesn’t your curiosity, if 20¢ your ambition, make it impossible for you to allow the opportunity to go by? Study the List—Mark the position you desire—Cut out the ; Camenem@wmlite me Foie i eee owe International Correspondence Schools, Box 841 SCRANTON, PA. Please send me your booklet, ‘* 1001 Stories of Success,’”’ and explain how I can qualify for the position before which I have marked X Electrician Elee. Engineer Elee. Lighting Supt. Mechan. Engineer Surveyor Stationary Enginee Civil Engineer Bookkeeper Stenographer Advertisement Writer Show Card Writer Window Trimmer Mechan. Draughtsman Ornamental Designer Illustrator Bullding Contracto Civil Service Arehitee’! Draughtsman Chemist Architect Textile Mill Supt. French ; with Edison Spanish § Phonograph Structural Enginee Foreman Plumber Mining Engineer Name_ Street and No. When you write, please mention ‘“The Cosmopolitan”’

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THE COSMOPOLITAN Makes everyone your neighbor—the ~OLDSMOBILE has endeared itself to the feminine heart just as it has established itself in the business world, by the universality of its merit. Its ease of control and freedom from getting out of order make every woman its friend. John Lothrop Motley said, ‘Give us the luxuries of life, and we will dispense with its necessaries’’—the Oldsmobile is both. Our line of light cars is the most complete ever built. Satisfactory to your ideas of style, your requirements for comfort, and to your pocketbook. Oldsmobile Standard Runabout, $650 Oldsmobile Touring Car, . . $1400 Oldsmobile Touring Runabout, $750 Oldsmobile Light Delivery Car, $1000 Oldsmobile Light Tonneau Car, $950 Oldsmobile Heavy Delivery Car, $2000 All prices f. o. b. factory. Detailed specifications of any of these cars sent on request. Send 10c. for six months’ trial subscription to Motor Talk, a magazine devoted to automobile interests. Address Dept. N. Olds Motor Works, Detroit, U. S. A. Member of Association of Licensed Automobile Manufacturers Drawing by Henry Hutt. Copyright, 1905, Brownell & Humphrey. When you write, please mention ‘‘The Cosmopolitan”

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THE COSMOPOLITAN faa Socomobile Gasolene Cars are not only equal in all respects to the best foreign cars, but are a great deal better for Amer- zcan roads. There are many reasons for the superiority of LOCOMOBILE Cars, but little room here to state them. What we want you to do is to send for our catalogue. It is not a ram- bling mass of generalizations but a book of facts and figures. Our catalogue tells you why po the LocoMoBILE is better than any other car in the world. Mailed free. 1905 MODELS. ALL 4-CYLINDER SIDE-ENTRANCE CARS. 15-20 IL. P. Price, *2,800. | 20-25 H. P. Price, 88,700. | 80-85 H. P. Price, 85,000. | 40.45 H. P. Price, $7,500. 3 Weight, 1.800 Ibs Make-and- eee — : . | Weight, 2,700 Ibs. _ Make-and-| Weight, 3,000 Ibs Make-and- L%, break ignition. Pressed steel " cight, 434 o Ibs. Jump spark break ignition. Pressed steel| break ignition. Pressed steel frame. } ignition. Channel steel frame. | frame. frame. A The Locomobile Company of America, Bridgeport, Conn. E NEW YORK, Broadway and 76th St. Member Association of Licensed BOSTON, 15 Berkeley St. A PHILADELPHIA, 249 N Broad St. Automobile Manufacturers. CHICAGO, 1354 Michigan Ave. When you write, please mention ‘‘The Cosmopolitan”’

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ba ae THE COSMOPOLITAN RANKLIN The charm of motoring in a Franklin is due to its enormous power, its lightness and ease of control. Water-cooled cars have been developed to a high degree of excellence—especially since they have followed the lead of the Frankiim in adopting four cylinders. But so long as they are hampered by their heavy and cumbersome water apparatus, and their power is exhausted through great weight and wasteful appli- cation, they cannot attain that spirited and bird-like buoyancy that is found in every Franklin car. Runabout 20 H. P. Touring-car Light Tonneau 30 H. P. Touring-car Send for catalogue and booklet which tells of the Franklin's record run from San Francisco to New York. Both books are read from cover to cover. H. H. FRANKLIN MFG. CO., Syracuse, N. Y. Member Association Licensed Automobile Manufacturers When you write,-please mention ‘“‘The Cosmopolitan’”’ se

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Mi iii r { PAN: 1H y 1a tea,” TR! SUT HEIN: Balin, agi Tin WERT, © 3 Winter Veseers 5 Model F Touring Car, | ~TTET = } > Le . Detr BUN TT ora, f.0.b. Detroit. PAS hisi' te T TTT Nabeey fer RW a aH "BS LTA : ne re y | SRR) | Ee > TR . 5; LUAU: 710 eee “ Opes =D BWM Hs TBHINI -.): ce BUN ire HERI tt : yA URS a's 4) F = THON: TET gu SOE ne een De nL UT p Wintndii = RAYUNCVNTsivoogrese yuna DUT UOMO, ESS oe — i rN THE COSMOPOLITAN vere | we PA Te wi AU sy vit yh ee TU vee UE PUT ae oe Three pa oot TLL yo ae “Mili ‘N\} | rede PA | Tuite te Tie ted ENE eas tui Hie EH Hes * sits ays WU TTT, 1 Cotes. a ee | 4 i eli Ha a = ETO > iH = DATTA STATO Among all automobiles the Cadillac stands pre-eminent for its low cost of maintenance. Simple, durable, common- sense construction makes it truly the “ Car of Economy.” Because of simplicity of power-development and efficiency of trans- mission there is practically no energy lost in the Cadillac—a feature which alone reduces by a big percentage the cost of fuel, lubrication, etc. | The Cadillac mechanism is designed with a view to making it virtually trouble-proof, | with the result that the liability of damaging the motor or its connections through a mistake in manipulation is reduced to a minimum. Absolute control at all times and | under all conditions is maintained more easily—Wwith felver things to think of—in the “append " ee ye eee era vee ee “eee Br Cadillac than in any other machine. This means that the Cadillac is the safest, the most reliable and most easily operated of all motor cars. The new medium-power touring car shown above is in every detail a notable example of art and skill in automobile building. The many features of beauty, efficiency and appointment which characterize it are found also in the other Cadillac models. Model F—Side-Entrance Touring Car, shown above, $950. Model B—Touring Car, with detachable tonneau, $900. Model E—Light, stylish, powerful Runabout, divided seat, $750. Model D—Four-Cylinder, 30 h. p. Touring Car, $2,800. All prices f.0.b. Detroit. \ Write forCatalog F, andaddress of nearest dealer, where you can see and try a Cadillac. CADILLAC AUTOMOBILE CO., Detroit, Mich. Member Association Licensed Automobile Manufacturers. __ When you write, please mention ‘‘The Cosmopolitan”’

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THE COSMOPOLITAN The re AlZ Ow Of OF) She Popularity of Our Cars has created a demand for a complete line of Ford Models from which every user's individual requirements can be satisfied, Model C, $950 a Removable rear entrance tonneau, double opposed motor. Model B, $2,000 . 7 Side ‘entrance tonneau, 4-cylinder vertical motor. s Webel ha SESSTELE = or ~~ » - ee a me 4 STEREQPTICONS You Can Make BIG MONEY Entertaining the Public. | SS ee Nothing affords better opportuni- ties for men with small capital, We start you, furnishing complete wa outfits and explicit instructions im at a surprisingly low cost. THE FIELD IS LARGE! im comprising the regular theatre and lecture circuit, also local fields in Churches, Public Schools, Lodges and General Public Gatherings. @ur Entertainment CHER Catalogue and special offer fully explains everything, Sent Free. CHICAGO PROJECTING CO., 226 Dearborn St., Dept.131,Chicago Allyou have guessed about life insurance PAY ™y be wrong. If you wish to know the truth, send for “How and Why,” issued POST-;, the PENN MUTUAL LIFE, 921-3-5 GE Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. BIG aati Sx is - LS are po OS | CRO NC) ORO of the {> shhen, > Detailed description of these models to- gether with our new catalogue, describing unique Ford features will be sent on request Ford Motor Co. Detroit, Mich. 160 FooT LAUNCH ENGINE WE ARE THE LARGEST BUILDERS OF BOATS & LAUNCHES IN THE WORLD SEND FOR FREE ILLUSTRATED CATALOG ALL BOATS FITTED WITH WATER TIGHT COMPARTMENTS CAN NOT nw. WE CARRY A FULL LINE OF BOATS READY TO SHIP. 1350 JEFFERSON ay e DETROIT ots) Now Everybody Can Have an Adding Ma- chine! Rapid, Simple, Handy, Practical, Dura- a) ble. Capacity 999.999.999 r]| SOORLET PACE Actus Wanteo NC. E. LOCKE MFG. CO. a 1165 Watnat St. KENSETT, lOWAL, BA and fabric. i IMPORTED Will outwear 2 or 3 sets of American tires, The cause—more experience—better quality of rubber Send for valuable booklet No. 7. THE CONTINENTAL: CAQUTCHOUC CO., 298 Broadway, New York When you write, please mention ‘“The Cosmopolitan”’

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oe, ze ee tran oi rd EZ. ie Glee maa ; .* ce Ot Ore OOF Ol. Om re) Model F, $1,200 is a larger and more powerful car than Model C, has the popular Ford double op- posed motor, divided front seat, double side entrance tonneau. The Doctor’s Car, without top, $850 is especially designed for physicians. Get a Ford demonstration of power in aa comparison with other carsand see the dif- ference between actual power and rated power. Ford Motor Co. Detroit, Mich. Canadian trade supplied by The Ford Motor Co. of Canada, Ltd,, Walkerville, Ont. Without delay of any kind you can start right off in a Pope-Waverley Electric and you can leave it anywhere with the assurance that it will not fret. It works per- fectly in any weather--spring, summer, autumn or winter. Model No. 27, illustrated above, price $1,400, is very popular for a general utility about-town vehicle. It is noiseless, clean, always ready. We make Runabouts, Chelseas, Surreys, Coupes, Physicians’ Road and Delivery Wagons, and Trucks Catalégue and name of our agent nearest you on request POPE MOTOR CAR CO., Desk J, INDIANAPOLIS, IND. When you write, please mention ‘‘The Cosmopolitan”

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THE COSMOPOLITAN The Handy Autocar Runabout Its remarkable ease of control and the limited space in which it can be turned and handled, together with its lightness and power, make the Autocar Runabout the ideal car for use in crowded streets, for short quick trips in city or country, and for all other two-passenger work. Owners of large four or five-passenger cars find it economy to keep an Autocar Runabout to save wear and tear on their big cars when only two passengers are to be carried. The Autocar Runabout is positively the best runabout built. It has a 10-horse power, two- cylinder horizontal opposed motor; the motor is located under the hood in front, where it is instantly accessible; it has shaft and gear drive; three forward speeds and reverse. New catalogue descriptive of Runabout (Type X), $900; Type VIII, Rear Entrance Tonneau, $1400, and Type XI, Four-Cylinder, Side Entrance Tonneau, $2000, and dealer’s name sent on request. THE AUTOCAR COMPANY, Ardmore, Pa. Member Association Licensed Automobile Manufacturers 16 H. P. Touring Car $1400 8 H. P, Tourabout $750 if e eo Simplicity is the keynote of Maxwell construction. Do you realize just what simplicity means in the construction of an automobile ? ‘* Reliability,” ‘‘ ease of operation,” ‘low cost of up-keep,’”’ must be the cardinal qualities of a simply constructed car. Are these your requirements in the car you buy? _ Ifso, there is a ‘“‘ Maxwell point” that covers each one of them. You will find the explanation of these “points” in our catalogue, but you will find the proo/ of them in a dena examination of the car itself. - The ‘*‘ MAXWELL” cars have no pump (thermo-siphon.) Their double opposed motor isin front under the hood, ant easily accessible in every part. They have Bevel Gear Drive. Metal Bodies. Transmission Case and Crank Shaft Cast in one Aluminum casting. * Perfectly simple and simply perfect.” MAXWELL-BRISCOE MOTOR CO., Tarrytown, N. Y. New York City Salesroom, 317-319 W. 29th St. Chicago Distributors, Western Automobile Co,, 1409 Michigan Ave, When you write, please mention ‘‘The Cosmopolitan”

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The most significant feature of the American antomobile situation to-day is the complete triumph of this impulse- every-revolution idea (or with two cylinders two impulses every revolution) as exemplified in the Elmore Pathfinder. That the Elmore Pathfinder does produce aconstant torque; that it does utilize every particle of power and put a stop to waste energy; that it will take the steepest hill or roughest road on the high speed; and that it has the most rel‘able self-starting engine in the world—for each and every one of these claims overwhelming proof has been produced. The whole trend of expert and popular opinion is rapidly being directed toward the two-cycle engine. You owe it to yourself to see this car, which will astonish you not only by its fine appearance, but by its excess power and its extraordinary control on the high speed. Send for our full line of literature—the booklet illustrating the 6000-mile trip, our catalog, explanation of our engine, and the opinions of people who have used our cars, all sent free—or, if you wish, we will send a 10 x 12 photograph of the Elmore Pathfinder on receipt of 10c. in stamps. The ELMORE MFG. CO., 2104 Amanda St., CLYDE, OHIO. Members of Association of Licensed Automobile Manufacturers. For 27 Years we have been in the field and our name plates stand for superior quality; deal- ers prefer to handle and riders like to use wheels that are backed by years of successful manufacturing experience. Bicycles of All Grades and at Various Prices $22.50 to $100.00. A complete line cf juveniles. Columbia Cleveland Tribune Crawford POPE MFG. CO., Hartford, Conn. Rambler Crescent Monarch Imperial POPE MFG. CO., Chicago, Ill. Address Dept. B for catalogues, THE COSMOPOLITAN AN IMPULSE EVERY REVOLUTION! When you write, please mention ‘“‘The Cosmopolitan” BEFORE THAT TOTALLY DIFFERENT WHEEL— THE ‘‘RACYCLE ”"—WAS INVENTED OR EVEN THOUGHT OF, CHICAGO’S WORLD'S FAIR WAS A THING OF THE PAST. RECORD OF A NOTABLE RACE U. S. sweepstakes for bicycle supremacy. All ages. In 18%. Entered in U.S. alone, 288 bicycle factories. Last entry made— the RAUYCLE, ° In 1898. Aged and unfit entries dropping out. RACYCLE hee r just feeling his oats, e - (100 tol shot) In 1900. Old- timers falling away rapidly. RACYCLE showing easy run- ae amen . 2 e - (0 to 1 shot) In 1902. Competition losing ground badly. CYCLE sane even with at rivals, . . - (Even money) In 1998. RACYCLE in the lead, ° (The favorite) In 1904. All high grades easily distanced, the RACYCLE receiving the ONLY GRAND PRIZE given in the bicycle class at the ST. LOUIS WORLD’S FAIR, THE LARGEST SELLING HIGH-GRADE BICYCLE IN THE WORLD. Which will you ride for 1905—the WINNER, or one of the Also Raus? No cheap RACYCLES, but secure agency for yourtown and get yours cheap. If a Bicycle will answer your pur- se, remember we build them also, and will sell you a nigh- grade bicycle che aper than mail-order houses sell inferior goods. Send for Catalog H THE MIAMI CYCLE & MANUFACTUBING CO, Middletown, Ohio, U.S. A. (300 to 1 shot) a

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Hood’s Sarsaparilla Is the most effective medicine ever devised for the com- plete purification of the blood and the complete renovation of the whole system. This is the reason why it is The Best Spring Medicine For weak, tired, languid feelings, general debility, loss of appetite, bilious turns, nervous headaches, pimples, boils, and other eruptions. This great medicine received 40,366 testimonials in the last two years, by actual count—a record that has no parallel in the history of medicine—and a large number of these testimonials were of Spring Cures. Accept no substitute; but insist on having Hood’s. Catarrlets Dyspeplets The new antiseptic tablets, are un- Sugar-coated tablets combining the equaled in the local treatment of best digestives, carminatives and cor- Nasal Catarrh, promptly allaying the rectives, promptly relieve Sour Stom- inflammation and having a sweet and ach, Heartburn, Nausea, Wind in wholesome effect on the breath. Best Stomach, and all other discomforts of gargle for Sore Throat and daily Indigestion and Dyspepsia. Of drug- mouth wash. Of druggists or promptly gists or promptly by mail, postpaid. by mail, postpaid. Pocket size, (handseme aluminum box) 10c. 7 icieciias abe ah, Mienabteld atnactt. Medium size, 25 cts. Large size, $1. Free Sample. c. I. HOOD CO,f Made by \Free Sample. —C. I. HOOD CO. Peptiron Pills (Chocolate-coated) T h ? d Ironize the blood, feed the nerves oot Ow er and brain, tone the stomach, aid Cleanses the teeth, hardens the gums, digestion, and give restful sleep. neutralizes all acid secretions of the Chocolate-coated, pleasant to take mouth, prevents dental decay and and easily assimilated. sweetens the breath. Of druggists or promptly by mail Large size, 25 cts.; Mammoth size, 50 cts. at $1 a box, postpaid. Free Sample. ~ Cc. I. HOOD CO. C. I. HOOD CO., Lowell, Mass. When you write, please mention ‘“The Cosmopolitan”

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THE~ COSMOPOLITAN 5 Apple Butter. E An appetizing con- ; serve of tart apples, e sweet cider, granu- lated sugar and pure J spices prepared in the Z Heinz Clean Kitchens. [: Have your grocer send you = a 3-lb crock today. If it (es does not please you, you 2 may return it to him at full al purchase price. If you find it as good as we think it is you will wanta larger pack- fs age next time. Nothing i else can fill its place as A Relish for Children’s Luncheons. A booklet about the 57 varieties and their making will interest careful house- keepers — yours for the asking. H. J. Heinz Co. PITTSBURGH, U. S. A. ae A ee i) min Ht, ; 5 Nut WH) vn hay Ny Ny, My HH in DNS Ny yj Hq i Ni N ) ala NW NAC: ee A When you write, please mention ‘‘The Cosmopolitan”’

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THE COSMOPOLITAN “‘Lowney’s’’ means Delicious, Dainty, Delightful Things On receipt of 15 cts. we will send postpaid Six Sample Packages of leading Lowney Products as follows: Lowney’s Medallion Chocolate; Lowney’s Milk Chocolate; Lowney’s Vanilla Sweet Chocolate; Lowney’s Premium Chocolate (unsweetened); Lowney’a “Always Ready” Sweet Chocolate Powder; Lowney’s Kreakfust Cocoa; and a Lowney Keceipt Book. THE WALTER M. LOWNEY CO. Highest award given ‘o any Cereal Coffee at Louisiana Purchase Exposition. HERE’S YOUR HEALTH An aromatic, steaming cup of Figprune Cereal Coffee something like coffee in flavor, only better when you know it. You will learn about this goodness of fruit and grains in a perfectly roasted and blended substitute for coffee, when you have tried Figprune. Your grocer has it or can get it. Prepared in Cali- fornia’s famous fruit section by If your THE FIGPRUNE CEREAL CO., grocer can- 291 Maket St. a ae San Jose ° you, send to n 5 us for free California, sample and 447 Commercial Street, Boston, Mass- Prepared for market in the cleanest, best lighted, best ventilated coffee establishment in the world, where automatic machinery working in pure air and sunlight handles the coffee without the touch of a hand from the bag of import to the Sealed Air-tight Cans in which it reaches you. ‘‘ White House”’ is composed of the finest coffees that grow, and its blend is the result of fifty years’ ex- perience. ‘‘White House’’ is not for those who will drink anything called coffee, but for discriminating people who care— people who want a pure, genuine coffee with a rich, rare flavor that is satisfying. DWINELL-WRIGHT COMPANY, Principal Coffee Roasters, Boston and Chicago When you write, please mention ‘‘The Cosmopolitan” C—O

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\ AN Wy ‘THE COSMOPOLITAN ly ae - a dal ah HE sturdy founders of this great Republic ate the grains and fruits of the field in their primary condi- tion—just as Nature intended. @, Wheat—whole wheat—was the staple that made the brain and brawn of the giants of those days. @ It is responsible for Amer- ican supremacy today. Shredded Wheat Biscuit is the all-wheat food of today. It is the food that con- tains all the elements necessary for the nourishing of every organ and function—body.and brain. @@ Serve it as directed—there are 250 recipes—all will please you. @ Triscuit is a whole wheat cracker used as toast, bread or wafer, delicious with butter or cheese. The Natural Food Company, Niagara Falls, N. Y. Old Faithful Inn, Yellowstone Park, will become one of the most popular hotels in the country. It.is a structure of boulders and logs, peaks, angles, dormers, French windows, etc., artistically combined. Old Faithful Geyser is near the hotel; Bee Hive, Lioness and Cubs. California Winter Tourists can return via Lewis and Clark Exposition and Lowest Combined Yellowstone and Coast Rates Ever Made. SEND SIXCENTS WONDERLAND 1905 the Yellowstone. FOUR CENTS A. M. CLELAND, General Passenger Agent, Northern Pacific Ry. ST. PAUL, MINN. When you write, please mention ‘‘The Cosmopolitan”’ Som LEWIS and CLARK Booklet. Both Finely Illustrated and Up-to-date Uf i a a trifle farther away are the Giantess, Lion, } we po as tevin rnnnerciae sheen

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SIX FLAVORS These Six Flavors of Jell-O make an as- sortment of delicate, delicious desserts that are not only tasty but healthful, and easy to prepare. Add a pint of boiling water to a package of Jell-O and set to cool. Illustrated Book of Recipes of more elab- orate desserts mailed FREE. Address, Co., Le Roy, N.Y. ‘ LOVES OLD SWEET SONS. Love’s Old Sweet Song repeats itself in boxes of Chocolates and Confections Wi, They sell best wherever the best is sold. WUM¢7, Instantaneous Chocolate made instantly with boiling milk. STEPHEN F. WHITMAN & SON, 1816 Chestnut St., Philadelphia. Established 1842. THE COSMOPOLITAN Gibson Pillow Top Free For Thirty Days For This beautiful genuine Naan Plush Pillow Top, ; Pyrog- stamped with Gib- son design, read raph for burning, will . — be sent free to anyone who 12 Newest Idea in Pillows pings. ee ae . alo Royalties, OT N oe etc. Choiceof 0. FE »in old gold, tan, Colors, FREE. crimson. dark or Tllustrates 1000 ieee —— = Gibson and other 8. Same on complete, 81.50, eee aa mly one free Top to one - : a a oer wood and leather. SPECIAL OFFER , ws 32.5, $1.65 For burning on plush, wood, leather, etc. Includes fine Platinum Point, Cork Handle Rubber Tubing, Double-Action Bulb, Metal Union Cork, Bottle, Alcohol Lamp, Two pieces Stamped Practice Wood, and TRAD fullinstructions, all con- tained in neat leather- % on: ette box. : ic = Ask your dealer—or we will send 1tC.0.D. Ifyou i ‘K like it when you get it, then pay our special price. ARIN Write today for Catalog No. N55. Contains full line of Pyrography outfits and supplies—at lowest prices. THAYER & CHANDLER 160-164 West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, Illinois. “Largest Makers of Pyrography Goods in the World.’ ronmuceme MOTION PICTURES ht TM OROUS and OTHER VIEWS es " NO EXPERIENCE NECE lat itaewamy) tells all. We furnish Complete Outfits i Wf with Big Advertis Posters, etc, Hu- ey morous dramas brimful of fun, travel, his- tory, religion, temperance work and songs illustrated. One man can do it. Aston- ishing ity in any locality for a man with a little money to show in churches, school houses, lodge halls, theatres, etc. Profits $10 to over $100 per night, Others doit, why not you? It's easy ; write to us and we'll tell youhow. Catalogue free. Address AMUSEMENT SUPPLY CO., 751 Chemical Bank Bldg., CHICAGO. 2m) this ELEGANT Watch $3.75 3 \ Before you buy a watch cut this out and send to us with your name and address, and we will send you by express for ex- amination a handsome WATCH AND CHAIN C.O.D. $3.75. Double hunting case, beautifully engraved, stem wind ¢nd stem set, fitted with arichly jeweled movement and guaranteed a correct time- keeper; with long Gold plated chain for Ladies or vest chain for Gents. If you consider it equal to any $85 GOLD FILLED WATCH Warranted 20 YEARS, pay the express agent $3.75 and it is yours. Our 20 year guarantee sent with each watch. Mention if you want Gents? or Ladies’ size. Address M. FARBER & CO., K23, 28 Quincy St., CHICAGO. S° BICYCLES ON TRIAL for 10 days. We ship on ap- rovalto anyone without a cent deposit. inest guaranteed $170 to $24 1905, ‘Models & Puncture-Proof Tires. 1903 & 1904 Models $7 to $72 iim of best makes..........- — els good as new T ANTED in é as AGENTS pL. at once for Special Ofter on sample bicycle. / TIRES, SUNDRIES, AUTOMOBILES. MEAD CYCLE G@., Dept- A33 CHICAGO When you write, please mention ‘‘The Cosmopolitan”

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THE COSMOPOLITAN Some men know a good make of saw but don’t know how to chose a chisel. Others know a reliable brand of bit but are in the dark as to hatchets. The Keen Kutter Brand eliminates a// uncertainty in tool buying. As this brand covers a complete line of tools, all you need remember in buying a tool of any kind is the one name Keen Kutter. We make this positive statement as to the quality of all tools sold under the Keen Kutter name: Keen Kutter Tools are without reserve or qualification the best tools that money, brains and skillcan produce. No matter how much you pay, no matter who you may have thought to be the best maker of a particular kind of tool, you cannot get any tool, any- where, better than those sold under the name of Keen Kutter. We want you to buy a Keen Kutter for the next tool you need and if you don’t find it entirely satisfactory the dealer will take it back. If your dealer doesn’t keep Keen Kutter tools write us and we will see that you are supplied. KEEN KUTTER Tools received the Grand Prize at the St. Louis Exposition—the only such award ever given a complete line of tools. The following list gives a few of the kinds of tools bearing the name of Keen Kutter: Augers Bits Chisels Gouges Planes Drawing Knives Files Knives of all kinds’ Scissors Shears Adzes Axes Choppers Cleavers Hatchets Saws Scythes ‘6 The Tinner’s Snips Gimlets Tool Cabinets Can Recollection Openers Steels of Quality etc. Remains Long TRADE ‘eo ites MARK After the Price Is Forgotten”’ Trade mark Registered SIMMONS HARDWARE COMPANY St. Louis, Mo., 298 Broadway, N. Y. When you write, please mention ‘‘The Cosmopolitan”

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THE COSMOPOLITAN == — aii at a discount of from i 50 late popular copyright 7 e novels at ‘“*The Call of the Wild,’’ ‘‘Graustark,’’ etc. price $7.75. Senenhete Works, 15 vols., our price $2.25. the retail price, while they last. CLARKSON & COOPER, ° :

ANTED. A permanent representative of THE TWEN- TIETH CENTURY HoME in every county in the United States. Must be energetic, earnest, reliable and able to give references. This position is not a temporary one, but in- tended to secure a permanent representative who will be able to properly look after the interests of THE TWENTIETH CENTURY Home. Address THE TWENTIETH CENTURY HOME CO., IRVINCTON-CN- HUDSON, N.Y. How To Get There is no excuse for thinness or undevelopment. There is no excuse j for narrow hips, bony neck, flat bust or a figure physically imperfect; nor do you need a gymnasium or mas- sage, with their tedious exer- cises. Ur. Whitney’s Nerve and Flesh Builder builds up from with- in, by more perfect_blood- making. Will you let us demon- strate this for you? We will send a trial treatment ABSOLUTELY FREE sufficient. to convince that it will give YOU a well-developed bust, beautiful neck, pretty arms, shapely shoulders, so that you can wear with pride low- necked gowns or the tight tailor-made suits now so fash- ionable. The trial treatment will also introduce the way to real joyous health, such as you may_ have known before. egin the trial treatment without delay and see what it is doing for others. Trial treatment and book, “Beauty, the Figure and Health,” illustrated from life, will be sent you promptly. Address The C. L. Jones Company, 63D Realty Bidg., Elmira, N. Y. Superfluous Hair Destroyed forever FREE to Any Lady. If you are afflicted with a humiliating, disfiguring growth of hair, or any other blemish on face, neck, arms or hands, write t once and i will tell you FREE how to DESTROY IT FOREVER. Many claim to REMOVE the hair (temporarily). I enable you to absolutely kill it forever, in your own home, privately, painlessly, without the slightest risk of bad effects, and at the same time to secure a perfect complexion and BE BEAUTIFUL, Don't experiment with dangerous apparatus, lotions, liquids, powders, etc. My method is indorsed by scientists and doctors, and is guar- anteed by me. ($100,000 assets back of “, my guarantee.) Write to-day and be glad ““l forever. Remember thisoffer is free. Sim- \ ply write me. Db. J. MAHLER,

| 2804 Pawtucket Ave., East Providence, R.I.

Ne BIGGEST | “BOOK HOUSE Bj le In THE COUNTRY We bought its entire stock of new and up-to-date books. 50 to 90 per cent of regular price. 36 Cents “Encyclopedia Britannica,’’ regular price $34.00, our Balzac’s Complete Works, 32 vols., regular price $52.00, our price $18.50. Dickens Practically any book or set of books you want, at a fraction of Get our bargain list before ordering. Write for it to-day. Agents can make 200 per cent selling our books.

A TRAN, Le AD OF : BOOKS We are closing them out These are sample prices: . The 38 cent list includes such titles as **David Harum,”’ ‘‘Alice of Old Vincennes,’’ Dept. 30, Chicago.

-|A Dream of Fair Women (Zennyson) An Art Portfolio containing (10) pictures of beautiful women representing different types from the oriental beauty to the Cowboy Girl of the wild west. All made in the most beautiful and artistic colors. Size 7 x 10 inches made on artist stippled paper. Very appropriate for fram- ing and just the thing for yourden. Sent prepaid to any address in U.S. or Canada for &@e, exp. or P.O. M.O., currency or U.S. stamps. Address THE WHITE CITY ART COMPANY, 221 Dearborn St., Chicago, Ill. , | P.S.—If you order in xo days an extra picture entitled (saa “A Nifty Dip “’ will be sent free. The Cosmopolitan Magazine CABLE ADDRESS; “COSMOPOLIT,” NEW YORK SUBSCRIPTION price, One Dollar a year, postage prepaid. Single copies, 10 cents. Subscribers failing to receive THe Cosmopouiran by the fifth of each month will confer a favor by sending a postal card to the Irvington office. The omission will be supplied, and investigation made through the Post- office Department. All subscription bills payable in advance. CHANGES OF ADDRESS.—When a change of address is ordered, both the new and old addresses must be given, and notice sent two weeks before the change is desired. HOW TO REMIT,.—Remittances should be sent by Check, Draft, Express Order, Money Order, payable to order of the Cosmopolitan Publishing House and will be indorsed ‘For deposit only to credit of Cosmopolitan Publishing House.”’ Cash must be sent in Registered Letter. Do not send stamps. Cash in ordinary letters is a/ways at sender’s risk, as there is no way of tracing it if lost in the mails. Should you wish to subscribe to other periodicals, you may remit to THE Cosmo- POLITAN, and your order will be placed through an agency giving exceptionally favorable terms, THE CosMopoLiTAN being re- sponsible that your money reaches the publications desired. CONTRACTS.—No contract involving the expenditure of money or any departure from the approved regulations adopted for the business of THE CosMoPoLITAN is valid, unless signed by the proprietor. COPYRIGHT.—The entire contents of this magazine are covered by general copyright, and special permission is neces- sary for reprinting long extracts; but editors are welcome to use not more than one-half of any article (illustrations ex- cepted), provided credit is given at the beginning ‘t From The Cosmopolitan Magazine.” RECEIPTS.—The receipt of all money is immediately acknowledged by a postal card. The date on your label of the following issue will indicate that the remittance was received. Address, THE COSMOPOLITAN PUBLISHING HOUSE IRVINGTON-ON-THE-HUDSON NEW YORK. ADVERTISING OFFICES: 500 Fifth Avenue, . New York City. 437 Marquette Building, Chicago, Illinois.

When you write, please mention ‘‘The Cosmopolitan”

~~ m Ae ee cue an He Sm hearang

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THE COSMOPOLITAN The A. T. C. is the invention of a progressive physician, who has made a success as a specialist without the use of the drugging system, preferring to depend upon the good results following proper diet and hygienic treatment, with suggestions and calisthenics as indicated. Any man who desires to be physically perfect through proper diet, hygienic treatment and phy- sical culture, the use of my Antitension Compress (Patented) will assist his efforts most satisfactorily, not only in increasing the normal strength of the most delicate and vital parts of his organism, but removing all abnormal conditions that tend to weaken or distress those parts which produce weak- ened nerve force, constant depression of mind and body, gloomy forebodings, causing one to become unfitted for active or sociai life. Such cases fail to attribute their condition to the proper cause and the ill effects are so gradual, they do not notice its seriousness until the entire system is undermined and they are forced to realize that something must be done to prevent a complete mental and physical breakdown. I will send my TREATISE sealed, Free of Charge, or my A. T. C., with my personal letter on Diet and Hygienic Rules in a plain sealed package, upon receipt of $2.00. My non-metal spring, elastic water pad, hand pressure truss for the immediate relief and radical cure of rupture, sent postpaid in a plain sealed package, upon receipt of $2.00. Address MARK M. KERR, M.D. Park Building CINCINNATI, OHIO ote! Belleclaire Broadway and 77th Street, New York. Seventh Avenue, Amsterdam Ave. and West 130th St. Cars pass the door. Luxurious rooms for permanent and transient guests, Restaurant a Feature. Exquisite Palm Room. Art Nouveau Cafe. Royal Hungarian Orchestra. “*Most Artistically Beautiful Hotel in the World.”” Can offer few single rooms, with bath, beautifully furnished, suitable for two people, $60 per month. TRANSIENT — One Room, with bath............000. da Parlor, Bedroom, with bath, $3 a Titer ar Parlor, 2 Bedrooms, with bath, $5and §7 perday Every improvement known to modern in- ag rite for our ma ” ae ee gazine, “The Hotel Belle- MILTON ROBLEE, Proprietor. When you write, please mention ‘““‘The Cosmopolitan” end fo booklet ees ypewriter ‘Co SE Pair of $ Pants To introduce our high- grade made-to-measure custom tailoring, we make this unequaled offer of a fine pure worsted, fancy striped pair of handsomely tail- ored pants, honestly worth *S onty 2 Every pair is fault- lessly tailored by skilled workmen, and is double- welt stitched throughout and guaranteed to fit perfectly. Send for our FREE sample outfit, make your selection, and if the pants prove unsatis- factory, return them at our expense, and we will promptly refund your money. Reference: Western Trust & Savings Bank, Chicago. Capital, $1,000,000. WE WANT AGENTS EVERYWHERE You can earn big money working for us. Write us for particulars. BENSON & RIXON TAILORING ASS’N Dept. 25, 947-49-51 Milwaukee Avenue, - CHICAGO, ILL.

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THE COSMOPOLITAN OXYDONOR The scientific triumph of the ages. Em- bodies the marvelous Natural Law of Dia- duction, the discovery of which is the great- est blessing that has ever come to humanity, because it makes you master of disease with- out doctor or drugs. With Oxydonor you can live in supreme good health; live in the enjoyment of vigor- ous vitality: live as God ordained—in har- mony with His perfect Law; in the glow and beauty of health and strength, both mental and physical—you and your family—for one Oxydonor may serve the whole family. Don't be sick when it is so easy to be well. No matter what the ailment, Oxydonor gives you the mastery. Write for information. Instructive, illus- trated and descriptive books mailed free. Rev. Millard F. Johnson, Pres’t Hillsborough 8S. 8. Ass’n, Nashua, N. H., writes: ‘Iam still using Oxy- donor in my family ;_ have used it since 1896 with good results. I have two Oxydonors, one of which I send to college with my boy to keep him well.’’ M. Freston, Far Rockaway, L.I., N. Y., writes: ‘I have seen Oxydonor used in my family forthe past eight years with great success, and applied in the most severe cases of Neuralgia where relief was given in less than two hours. I know it to bea positive cure for Nervousness.”’ Mr. A. F. Horst, Tacoma, Wash., writes: ‘* We have used Oxydonor in our family for four years. It has given entire satisfaction in severe cases of La Grippe, Liver affections and Asthma.” Beware of fraudulent Imitations. Oxydonor is the original and only genuine, made by the Dis- coverer and Inventor, Dr. Hereules Sanche. The name of * Dr. H. Sanche & Co.” is stamped in the metal of every genuine instrument. DR. H. SANCHE & CO. 61 Fifth Street, Detroit, Mich. ) 261 Fifth Ave., New York City. >U.S. A. 67 Wabash Ave., Chicago, Ill. ) 2268 St. Catherine St., Montreal, Canada. RHEUMATISM Cured Through the Foot-Pores Nature’s Method of Expelling Impurities, Don’t Take Medicine. Thousands Are Being Cured by New Exter- nal Remedy which All Can TRY FREE--PAY WHEN SATISFIED We want every reader of THE COSMOPOLITAN who has rheumatism to send us his or her name to-day, We will send each by return mail a pair of the Magic Foot Drafts which have excited so much comment by their remarkable cures in Michigan and other rheu- matic states. Try them. If you are satisfied with the | comfort they give you send us One Dollar. If not, | they cost younothing. You decide. ‘TRADE MARK se Magic Foot Drafts cure by drawing out and absorbing the acid poisons in the blood through the foot-pores, which are the largest in the body. ‘They cure rheuma- tism in every part of the body—to stay cured—because they purify the blood. At the same time they impart to the blood certain neutralizing agents which hasten the cure. It must be evident to you that we couldn’t | afford to send a dollar pair of Drafts on Approval if | they didn’t cure. Write to-day to Magic Foot Draft | Co., 483 Oliver Bldg., Jackson, Mich., for a trial pair | of Drafts on approval. We send also a valuable booklet | (in colors) on Rheumatism. Every Gas Motor User should Jearn about the APPLE AUTOMATIC SPARKER. Easily attached. No more belt, battery or commutator troubles, Increases power and speed. For any " kind of ignition apparatus write THE DAYTON ELECTRICAL MFG. CO. 138 Beaver Bldg., Dayton, Ohio he Cosmopolitan Magazine is seeking reliable men and women in all parts of the country who have leisure to take in hand THe Cosmo- POLITAN’S subscription work. Send references and your address to THE COSMOPOLITAN MAGAZINE IRVINGTON-ON-THE-HUDSON, N. Y. -98 DRESSES ‘]= ANY MAN With an All-Wool Cheviot Made-to-Measure Suit. EXTRAPAIR FREE OF TROUSERS To introduce our famous made- to-measure custom tailoring we make this unequaled offer of 8 Suit made to your measure in the latest English Sack Style, well made and durably trimmed for only $7.98. *Equal to your local tatlor’s $15 sutt, and give you an extra pair of trou- sers of the same cloth as the suit, ora fancy pattern if desired, ab- solutely free. Send us your name and address and we will send you Free Samples of cloth, measurement blank and tape-line.s Send no money but write to-day to GENTS’ OUTFITTING CO. Dept e9 242 Market St., Chicago. Ref: First National Bank, Chicago. Capital, $13,000,000. Traveling Salesmen Wanted. When you write, please mention ‘‘The Cosmopolitan”

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THE COSMOPOLITAN sapercmecmm A Perfect Complexion Beautiler | —————_ day and we will mail you a trial box. Sold by all druggists at 5oc. a box, or by } The DR. WHITEHALL MEGRIMINE CO., 203 N. Main St., South Bend, Ind.

Gan You Eat a Hearty Meal and Enjoy It? If not, | Can Help You By My Reconstructive Treatment. My Free Book on Stomach Diseases Tells How—Send for it Today! The book will prove of vital interest to every thinking person, as the subject is handled in a way never before attempted by any other authority. It explains some errors in regard to the nature and treatment of Dyspepsia or Indigestion, and resulting diseases and weaknesses. It tells why digestive disorders are so frequently mistaken for other diseases, and gives the true causes of constitutional decline, It shows why the usual drugging methods fail. It makes it plain why no single remedy can cure in all cases—why individual diagnosis and treatment are absolutely essential. It explains to the satisfaction of every reasoning person why the Laubie Recon- structive Treatment can be the only rational treatment for the dyspeptic condition in all its states, stages, forms and complications. It gives the reasons for the remark- able success of the Laubie method. No sufferer can afford not to read this original and, to him, invaluable treatise. Costs nothing to get it—send at once ! R. W. Laubie, M. D., Colonial Arcade,

Cleveland,

When you write, please mention ‘‘The Cosmopolitan”

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THE COSMOPOLITAN eee know you want to reduce your weight, body. At the end of five weeks you are to but probably you think it impossible or report to me and I will send further treat- are afraid the remedy is worse than : ment if necessary. the disease. When you have reduced your flesh Now, let me tell you that not only to the desired weight, you can retain can the obesity be reduced in a short it. You will not become stout again. time, but your face, form and com- Your face and figure will be well plexion will be improved, and in shaped, your skin will be clear and health you will be wonderfully ben- handsome, you will feel years young- efited. lamaregular practicing phy- er. Ailments of the heart and other sician having made a specialty of this vital organs will be cured. Double subject. Here is what I will do for chin, heavy abdomen, flabby cheeks you: First, I send you a blank to and other disagreeable evidences of fill out; when it comes, I forward a obesity are remedied speedily. All five weeks’ treatment. patients receive my personal at- You make no radical change in tention, ‘whether being treated your food, but eat as much or as by mail or in person. ll corre- often as you please. No band- spordence answered by me per- ages or tight lacing. No harm- sonally. Treatment for either sex. ful drugs nor sickening pills. Distance makes no difference. My treatment is given success- Satisfaction guaranteed. fully by mail, in your own home. Send for my new book on You will lose from 3 to 5 pounds a \ \a* ‘Obesity; Its Cause and Cure:’’ weekly, according to age and condition of —it will convince you. Address UNITED STATES MEDICAL DISPENSARY, 24 east 28/2 Street, New York a UR) palit N: By My Scientific i Treatment Especially Prepared for Each Individual Case. I_ suffered for years yy with a humiliating a growth of hair on my Ee” face, and tried many rem- ©” edies without success; but I ultimately discovered the True Secret for the permanent removal of hair, and for more than seven years have been applying my treatment to others, thereby ren- dering happiness to, and gaining thanks of, thous- ands of ladies. I assert and Will Prove to You, that my treat- ment will destroy the follicle and otherwise Permanently Removethe Hair Forever. No trace is left on the skin after using, and the treat- ment can be applied privately by yourself in your own chamber. IF YOU ARE TROUBLED, WRITE TO ME for further information, and I will convince you of all I claim. I will give prompt personal and Strictly Confidential attention to your letter. Being a woman, I know of the delicacy of such a matter as this, and actaccordingly- Address, . HELEN DOUGLAS, sswest 2tst st. new vone CHT? My PU-RE-CO SOAP and CREAM removes and prevents wrinkles and preserves the skin. May be had at all the best druggists or direct from me, PU-RE-0O0 OREAM.,..........--50c. and $1.00 a jar. PU-RE-O0 SOAP, a Box of Three Cakes........50c. ~ FALLING HAIR > BALDNES ABSOLUTELY CURED There is but one way to tell the reason of baldness and falling hair, and that is b a microscopic examination of the hair itself. The particular disease with which your scalp is afflicted must be known before it can be intclligently treated. The use of dandruff cures and hair tonics, without knowing the specific cause of your disease, is like taking medicine without knowing what co are trying tocure. Senda few fallen hairs from your combings, to Prof. J. H. Austin, the celebrated Bacteriologist, who will send you absolutely free a diagno- sis of your case, a booklet on care of the hair and scalp,and a sample box of the remedy which he will prepare specially for you. Enclose 2c postage and write to-day. PROF. J, H. AUSTIN 11 McVicker’s Theatre Bldg., Chicago. Be borHrpmep Ow 6 OM eee ee

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THE COSMOPOLITAN Attacks stopped permanently. Health completely restored. No return of symptoms after treat- } ment ceases. Neither colds, dust, odors, dampness, nerve strain, weather changes or anything else can bring back the disease. You will have a good appetite, sleep well at night, can undergo ex- posure or do anything anywhere without fear of the old enemy. Throw away powders, sprays, specifics, etc., and be cured in the right way—to stay cured. 21 years of success treating Asthma and Hay Fever exclusively. Seven physicians, thirty assistants, . 58,000 patients. References in all countries. Full description of treatment with Interesting reports of illustrative cases, report blanks, examination by mail, and our opinion Book C as to your curability all gladly given without charge. Write at once. 200 Mailed Free P. HAROLD HAYES, Buffalo, N. Y. A Stomach Specialist By 14 years in active practice solved the problem of greatest Importance in the treatment of digestive diseases. Experience proved that PEPSINS and DIGESTIV gave only tem- porary relief. CATINIARTICS produced injurious effects. STOMACH WASHING could do no permanent good. OPIATES and BROMIDES induced drug habits. STRICTLY RIGID DIET could not restore, and PHYSICAL CULTURE not alone capable of giving relief. By deep study and analysis of difficult cases, and by exhaustive research and experiments, I finally made an important discovery, which revealed causes, heretofore unrecognized, producing stomach troubles, headaches, nervousness, mal-nutrition, ete., and which gave the key to successful methods of treatment. This advanced revelation, the New Philosophy of Stomach Troubles, published in a 32-page book, which is mailed for 5two-cent stamps, together with blanks and book of references, to convince of the originality of my discovery, the correctness of my theories, and the superior efficiency of the advanced methods of treatment, even when given by correspondence. Address DR. A. H. SWINBURNE, (Formerly located at Marietta, Ohio.) Now located permanently at 25 W. 36th St. (Suite C), New York City, N. Y. Consultation hours, 10to12a.m.andito8 p.m. Sunday by appointment only. I CAN CURE YOUR EYES At Your Own Home Without the Use of the Knife, With Absolutely No Pain. No Risk. No Inconvenience. Cross Eyes Straightened Without the Knife by a new method which never has failed CURED TO STAY CURED! Of all the diseases of the human race, Asthma is the least difficult to relieve. Of all the advertised nostrums and treatments, there are probably none that do not ease the sufferer. But to deaden the pain is not to cure the disease. To put a snake-like enemy to sieep is a very different thing from putting it to death. The Asthmatic principle is a long-lived poison. It can be made momentarily insensible by drowsy syrups and narcotic inhalations, but we capnot thus end the malady any more than we can pay debts or conquer misfortune by the brandy or opium which makes us forget them. Medical authorities .hroughout the country now agree, however, that the Whetzel system of Asthma treatment affords an actual cure for the disease. Such authorities as Dr. C. F. Beard, South Framing- ham, Mass.; Dr. L. D. Knott, Lebanon, Ky.; Dr. M. 4 L. Craffey, St. Louis, Mo.; Dr. F. E. Brown, San- born, Iowa, and Dr. J. C. Curryer, of St. Paul, Minn., hold that under this new treatment the germ of the malady is eradicated and the patient made perma- nently exempt from further attacks. FREE TRIAL FOR ALL APPLICANTS. Dr. Whetzel will for a time send a test course of treatment free to all applicants who will give a short description of their case and aid in the humane work by sending the names of two other persons having Asthma. Ask for booklet of particulars in writing for free trial treatment. Address DR. FRANK WHETZEL, Dept. L. American Express Building, CHICAGO. Hundreds of cures effected after world- famous oculists had pronounced the troubles beyond all medical aid, or had condemned the patients to an operation. Write a postal card for my latest book, a valuable treatise on all eye diseases, illus- trated incolors. Itis FREE. Write to-day. P. C. Madison, M.D. Suite 201, 80 Dearborn Street, Chicago, Ill. s | When you write, please mention ‘“The Cosmopolitan” 5 t H Ul f y

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THE COSMOPOLITAN of the trouble. the hair roots. DON’T SHOUT! “The Morley” makes low sounds and whispers _ plainly heard. A miniature Telephone for e Ear —invisible, easily adjusted, and oe comfortable. Over fifty thousand sold, giving instant relief from deafness and head noises. No case of deafness that cannot be benefited. Write for booklet and testimonials. The Morley Company, Dept. 80, 34 South 16th Street, Philadelphia. [NESS CURED Deafness is incurable till the causeis removed. Therefore Ear Drums and other artificial aids never cure. 9% per cent. of all cases of Deafness is caused from Catarrh, and as Caiarrh cannot exist under the use of “‘Actina,” nobody need be Deaf where the Actina Pocket Battery is obtainable. Are you seeking a cure? Then investigate ‘‘Actina.” Write today for a valuable book —Prof. Wilson’s Dictionary of Disease, Free. New York & London ElectricAss’n-, Dept. 8D, Kansas City, Mo. ANTED:—A permanent representative of THE COSMOPOLITAN MAGAZINE in each county in the United States. Must be energetic, earnest, reliable and able to give references. This position is not a tem- porary one, but intended to secure a permanent repre- sentative who will be able to properly look after the interests of THE COSMOPOLITAN. Address: THE COSMOPOLITAN MAGAZINE Irvington-on-Hudsor New York MILLIONS WASTED ov HAIR TONICS There is Bul One. |GuARANTEE BACKED By THE BANKS Failure of tonics to grow hair is due to the fact that such treatment does not reach the seat The hair roots must be nourished before the hair will grow, and this can be accomplished only by the presence of blood in the scalp. A vigorous rubbing of the scalp pro- duces a pleasant sensation, but it does not open up the veins which supply food to the follicles. Use tonics if you want to soften the hair and make it glossy, but if you want to grow hair or keep it from falling out you must cultivate the roots. plant dies—lack of nourishment—therefore to preserve it, you need only to supply nutrition to Physicians say that the EVANS VACUUM CAP is founded on the cor- rect principle to induce hair growth. By the vacuum method it gently draws the blood to the scalp, opens up the congested arteries and veins, and in short, helps nature to do her work. The method has proved so successful, that every cap is sold on a guarantee. OUR GUARANTEE We will send you by prepaid express an Evans Vacuum Cap to use thirty days, and all we ask of you is to deposit the price of the appliance in any bank in St. Louis during the trial period, subject to your own order. If you do not cultivate a sufficient growth of hair within this time to convince you that this method is effective, simply notify the bank and they will return your deposit. The effect of the Vacuum is pleasant and exhilarating, It gives the scalp vigorous exercise without rubbing and induces a free and active circulation without the use of drugs or lotions. Illustrated book free on request EVANS VACUUM CAP COMPANY, 443 Fullerton Building, RO Hair falls out for the same reason that a St. Louis. ALLENS FOOT-EASE Shake Into Your Shoes Allen’s Foot=Nase, a powder for the feet. It cures painful, swollen, smarting, nervous feet, and instantly takes the sting out of corns and bunions. It?s the greatest comfort discovery ofthe age. Allen’s Foot=Ease makes tight-fitting or new shoes feel easy. Itisa certain cure for ingrowing nails, sweating, callous and hot, tired, aching feet. We have over 30,000 testimonials, TRY IT TO-DAY. Sold by all Druggists and Shoe Stores, 25c. Do not accept any substi- tute. Sent by mail for 25c. in stamps. PREE TRIAL PACKAGE sent by mail. MOTHER GRAYW’S SWEET POW- a wd the best medicine for Feverish, Sickly hildren. Sold by Druggists everywhere. Trial Package FREE. Address, ALLEN 8S. OLMSTED, Le Roy, N, Y. STAMMERING ir" tome by correspondence. Send for special rates and full particulars. U. S. INSTITUTE, 479G Bergen Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. itive COMB DYEING German patent; produces any shade by simply combing, without staining scalp; perfectly harmless, durable, un- detectable. Saves time and money, and is the only practi- W cable way of coloring hair. Write for particulars. 4 DEPT. 152, H. BIENECK, 49 E. 134TH ST., NEW YORK , from WEAKNESS, t ke th if You Suffer scdaanieana: Jayne’s Tonic me When you write, please mention ‘“‘The Cosmopolitan’”’ {

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THE OOSMOPOLITAN ydrozone Cures Sore Throat Its action is immediate and beneficial. No burning or cauterizing. No injurious effects possible. Hydrozone is a standard remedy, indorsed and success- fully used by leading physicians for the past fourteen years. Sold by best druggists. moa Trial Bottle Free Beware of preparations with similar names. None genuine without my signature on label: a i; “b ottle of 7 Hydrozone. eMail coupon, naming your druggist, te CHARLES MARCHAND, ; = F « , Draggist -..cccsereseeeerevcesrreresssecereccoososoocssosoesssseees 57 Prince St.,New York City. Coe WRITE LECIBLY Requests unaccompanied by coupon will be ignored. Only one bottle to a family. REGISTERED WATERPROOF LIQUI COURT PLASTER. Heals Cuts, Abrasions, Han -Nails, Chapped and Split Lips or Fingers, Burns, Blisters, etc. Instantly Relieves Chilblains, Frosted Ears, Stings of Insects,Chafed erBlistered Feet, Callous Spots, etc. A coating on the sensitive parts wiil Bronce the feet from being chafed or listered by new or heavy shoes. Applied with a brush and immedi ately dries, forming a tough, trans parent, colorless waterproof coating. Mechanics, Sportsmen, Bicyclists, Golfers, etc., are all liable to bruise, scratch, or scrape their skin. **NEW-SKIN”’ will heal these injuries, will not wash off, and after it is soplied the injury is forgotten, as ‘‘NEW=SKIN”’ makes atemporary new skin unti) the broken skin is healed under it. Pocket Size (size of illustration) (Established 1879.) ** Cures While You Sleep.’’ Whooping-Cough, Croup, Bronchitis, Coughs, Diphtheria, Catarrh. Confidence can be placed in a remedy which for a quarter of a century has earned unqualified praise. Ask your physician about it. Cresolene is a Boon to ste Asthmatics. ALL DRUGGISTS Send Postal io Descriptive Booklet. Cresolene Antiseptir 10c. each. Throat Tablets for the fomity ee aes 25c. each. ia Oz. es (for Surgeons irritated throat, at yous and Hospitals) - 50c. each. druggist or from us. 10c. in stamps. The Vapo-Cresolene Co. 180 Fulton St., N. Y. 288 St. James St., Montreal, Canada. At the Draggists, or we will mail a package any- where in the U. S. on receipt of price. DOUGLAS MFG. CO., Dept. 2, 96-102 Church St., N.Y. When you write, please mention ‘‘The Cosmopolitan”

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THE COSMOPOLITAN | This Book for $122 or a Letter To Dr. Richardson at his Sanitarium in Chicago Why do men travel across the Conti- nent and even from Foreign Countries to see Dr. Richardson at his Sanitarium? When you hav? read this Wonderful Book, you will understand the Reason. You will have a clearer conception of the far-reaching importance of Dr. Rich- ardson’s life work in Originating and Per- fecting the ‘‘Direct Method’’ of curing Varicocele, associated Pelvic and resulting Nervo-Vital Diseases than you ever had before. The Richardson Sanitarium is the outgrowth of the splendid genius of this surgeon-specialist. In this his latest pub- lished work, the Doctor not only explains the cause and nature of Varicocele, but tells of his discovery of toxins (poisons) in the stagnant blood and how these poisons undermine the Nervous System. Neurasthenia and various other Nervous Disturbances resulting from neglected Varicocele are fully explained. The Methods so successfully employed by Dr. Richardson in the treatment and cure of many thousands of cases at the Richardson Sanitarium are made clear. ( The book is Handsomely and Durably bound in plain Leather. Any man will be the better for having read it. If you are a sufferer, simply write a letter to Dr. Richardson about your case as you understand it, in your own words and he will send you a copy of the book, entirely free, together with a personal letter of advice, for which there will be no charge. Or, if you do not care to write about your trouble at this time, enclose a one dollar bill in a letter, giving name and address, and the book will be mailed C prepaid. If possible to do so, come direct to the Sanitarium for personal consultation. Those desiring the book sent in plain sealed package will send 10% to pay sealed postage. Address your letter to The Richardson ° ° Sanitarium, Station 210, 20 Adams St., near (Full Size 4XxQt inches) Michigan Ave., Chicago, or addrese Dr. This book is bound in plain leather, Richardson personally and it will have and contains 138 pages, illustrated his personal attention. with many halftones. When you write, please mention ‘The Cosmopolitan” (

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No. 2 Folding BROWNIE Built on the Kodak plan—Daylight | loading, Daylight Development. Uses | Non-Curling, 6 exposure film car- | tridges for 24% x 3% pictures. Has automatic shutter with iris diaphragm stops, } meniscus lens, automatic focusing device, reversible H finder, two tripod sockets. EASTMAN KODAK CO. Catalogue of Kodaks aes Rochester, N. Y. Nand Brownies free at the dealers or by mail, OLF Playing Cards are now the choice in club and society circles. Best ever sold for anything like the price. Made of fine linen stock with high finish—handsome—stylish—with un- usually good dealing qualities. Last longer and look better than most higher- priced cards. FREE BOOK Valuable and interesting 32-page Book of Card Rules—Whist, Euchre, Poker, Pinochle, Bezique, Sixty-Six, Skat, etc. —free for your dealer’s name and 25 cents for a sample pack of Golf Cards. AMERICAN PLAYING CARD COMPANY 304 Taylor Street, Kalamazoo, Mich. THE COSMOPOLITAN When you write, please mention ‘‘The Cosmopolitan”’ No. 3 Folding Film Premo For superior work. Each instrument is fitted with a Planatograph Lens, and Bausch & Lomb Automatic Shutter. Loads in daylight with the Premo Film Pack. Beautifully finished. Rack and pinion rising front; also rack and pinion focusing. THE PRICE: No. 3 Folding Film Premo, 3{%x 4%, $18.00 Do., for pictures34%x5¢%, . . . 20.00 Do., for pictures4x5, . . . . 20.00 Send for Premo Catalogue. ROCHESTER OPTICAL CO. ROCHESTER, N. Y. i . i | 7 ' i tf \

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GREAT EVENTS: HUMOR AND SATIRE BY THE WORLD'S MOST FAMOUS CARTOONISTS About two thousand cartoons appear each month in the leading periodicals of Europe and America. The endeavor is to reproduce here the ablest cartoons of the month, without regard to political bias. REFUSING THE SOLE MEANS OF SALVATION The Czarin the morass: ‘‘That! ... Oh, no!’’ From De Amsterdammer MAKING IT WARM FOR THE HARVEST- = . MACHINE TRUST THE MONROE HORNPIPE From the Cleveland Plain Dealer A strenuous life on the ocean wave, A big stick on the raging deep. Oh, give us a mighty navy And the peace we'll easy keep. —Roosevelt version From the Brooklyn Daily Eagle ONE THING TO DO—AND UNOLE SAM IS THE RUSSIAN SOCHOMBOURG CLOOK GOING TO DO IT ‘What will not Time subdue?’’—John Phillips From the New York Herald From the Montreal Daily Star

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THE COSMOPOLITAN have the springy elastic tread that makes walking healthful and delightful. Eminent scientists admit that a person weighing 150 pounds, who walks three miles a day, lifts 1,188,000 pounds. Where do rubber heels comein? Don’tit stand to reason that the heel of newrubber is essential? . That it sheaths your walk through life with com- fort, because they carry out what nature intended? Experience teaches that heels of new rubber are economical. That they make you look energetic and feel young. There is only one kind of heels made of new rubber,‘‘O’Sullivan’s.” Unless you order by the name you may get worthlesssubstitutes thatcost you the same as O’Sullivan’s, 50 cents attached. If dealer can’t supply send 35c. and diagram of heel to O’Sullivan Rubber Co., Lowell. New-Shoe Style Old-Shoe Comfort Write for our New Spring Catalogue, a sy “a sent FREE Examine the inside of a shoe thoroughly ‘‘ broken in’’—comfort- able. Pass your hand over the inside sole surface. You will find— not the straight flat surface of the ordinary new shoe, but a series of mounds and hollows, forced there (at the cost of many an ache) by your feet, which must have them even if the shoemaker would not give them. That is the only secret of comfort in old shoes. It also ex- plains the tmmediate comfort in new Ralston Health Shoes. We work these curves into the sole for you—you don’t have to ruin your feet by using them as a hammer to pound your shoes into shape. We enjoy the exclusive privilege of furnishing unsurpassed materials and workmanship, together with faultless shapes and styles in shoes that have the ‘‘old-shoe’’ comfort the moment you put them on. Handsome Spring Catalogue Sent Free Where we have no agent we will sell direct and guarantee satisfaction or money refunded (only 25 cents extra for delivery). Price in Canada, $5.00. Unien Made. Ralston Health Shoemakers, 980 Mair Street, Campello (Brockton), Mass. Only genuine Corona Colt used in all our Patent Shoes No. 84. Stock No. 83. When you write, please mention ‘“The Cosmopolitan”

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GREAT EVENTS: HUMOR AND SATIRE THE ROOT OF IT From the Ohio State Journal Father Time: ‘‘We can’t spare these men. lan beats Doctor Osler’s chloroform scheme”’ vom the New York Evening Mail. Copyright, 1905, by the This Mail and Express Co. A TEST OF STRENGTH From Harper's Weekly. Copyright, 1905, by Harper & Bros. A AN INTERESTING EXPERIMENT OR J WAS Born A DUTCHMAN OF FIERY SOUTHERN Stock, AND TMAGAYFRENCHGENTLEMAy OF CoLD GRAYPLYNOUTHROCK: Tt ASW OF THE Wesr, MASON OF THE Easr AND ASON OF OLDBRIANBoru, . AND WwEN TH INvTED IM Likewise DE-LIGHTED TOBEA HUNGARIAN Too! J y | de am a; “When must I join that procession of From the New York American “For he himself hath said it, and it’s greatly to his The Czar: credit, ‘he’s a cos-mo-pol-i-tan’ ”’ From the New York Herald death?”’

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THE COSMOPOLITAN

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CUSHION BUTTON CLASP Lies flat to the leg—never Slips, tears, nor unfastens EVERY PAIR WARRANTED GEO. FROST CO., Makers Boston, Mass., U.S.A. ALWAYS EASY

Send 50c. for Silk, 25c. for Cotton, Sample Pair

Above is a strain of the most popular two-step serenade on the market. The composer, Neil Moret (by the way, he also wrote Hiawatha), was paid $20,000 for this composition in advance. His contract calls for $10,000 more if the sale comes within 100,00 of Hiawatha. Will he make it? f not procurable of your music dealer send us 25e. per copy for Moonlight or any one of the following list. Any six copies in the list sent postpaid upon receipt of $1. The Bashful Bachelor—Tw In the Shade of the Old step intermezzo. Strictly new style.] Apple Tree—A ballad which i You will like it. sweeping the country. Most popu Radium Dance — Ballet from | !** ballad since After the Ball the comic opera Pigf Paf® Pou/. The Simple Life—Two-step in Very good piano number. Catchy.|termezzo. Simple, beautiful strains, Easy, inspired by Pa:tor Wagner's new Wake Up Malinda— March | beck: two-step by Maud Nugent. Great] Adlyn ( Three great con- dance number, Wedding of | = cert waltzes, My Lady Laughter—Waltzes.| the Winds ) — 30c. each or six Breezy dainty waltz. Name char-| Wilhelmina | for $r. acteristic of the music. Moonlight Song — Beautiful The Giggler— March two-step. words set to the music of the Simple and pleasing. popular intermezzou. NEW SONGS—IfI Were Only You; Down on the Brandywine; On a Crocodile; Troubadour song; Gondolier song; Farewell, Mr. Abner Hemingway; Navajo song; Same Old Girl (comic song); The Crusader; Temples of Eternity; The Saint and the Sinner. Folios ( Star Dance Folio, No. 4; Majestic Song and Dance ” | 4 Folio; Whitney-Warner Waltz and Two-step Folio; 49c. each / Pioneer Rag-time Folio. WHITNEY-WARNER PUBLISHING COMPANY, 12 Witherill Street, - + DETROIT, MICH. J. HM. Remick Co., Propr’s.

Our beautifully illustrated Catalogue FREE.

When you write, please

mention ‘‘The Cosmopolitan”’ Send Your It’s FREE (Prepaid)

Enlarged edition—beauti- Sully illustrated in colors. A re- cognized authority on wood-finishing-

Do not finish or refinish your home without first seeing this book.

This book, ‘‘The Proper Treatment for Floors, Woodwork and Furnit.~<'' will correctly answer the important and often perplexing question— How Can I Best Finish My Floors, Furniture and Woodwork and Keep Them in Perfect Condition ? Tells all about finishing, refinishing, poiish- ing and cleaning wood. Gives simple, easy directions to economically produce all latest finishes in oak, ash, birch, maple and pine. All you need to keep your floors, furniture and woodwork in perfect condition is a can of Johnson’s Prepared Wax “A Complete Finish and Polish for All Wood.” and Johnson’s Polishing Mitt Free Polishing Mitt Offer—Mall us label from a1 or 2 Ib. can of Johnson’s Prepared Wax and we will send you Free prepaid), one Johnson’s ‘olishing Mitt. This mitt is made of sheepskin with the wool on; isopen across the back; and is slipped on the hand. To remove label, place can in steam or water. Johnson’s Prepared Wax produces a lasting and artistic finish to which dirt and dust will not ad- here. It does not crack or peel off. Heel marks and scratches will not show, Try it and see. Johnson’s Prepared Wax is sold by all dealers In paint— 1¢ lb. can, 30 cents; 1 and 2 1b. cans, 60 cents per pound; 4, 5 and 8 lb. cans, 50 cents per pound. If your dealer will not supply you, send direct to us. Remember, above book is free—write for it at once and mention Edition KS4, Send in label, too. S. C. JOHNSON & SON Racine, Wis. “The Wood-Finishing Authorities.”

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GREAT EVENTS: é v = THE VULTURES’ ROOST From Collier’s Weekly, Copyright, 1905, P. F. Collier & Son “y “MOVE ON!” From the New York World French Financier (measuring Russian Giant for a mew suit): ‘‘Always happy to give credit to an old customer—but forty millions round the war chest does cut into a lot of material!’’ (Russia is applying to France for a fresh loan of forty millions) From Punch, of London HUMOR AND SATIRE POOR DELAWARE! Can nothing be done to rid her of him? From the Baltimore News ““My dear Russian people, how I love to make them happy!’’ From Lustige litter, of Berlin THE POLITICAL ANCIENT MARINER *‘God save thee, Ancient Mariner, From the fiends that plague thee thus! Why look'st thou so?’’—‘‘With my crossbow I shot the albatross!’’ —Coleridge’s Rime of the Ancient Mariner From Punch, of London

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THE COSMOPOLITAN e Lia, Macey Wiunschke€e. GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN Formerty THE FRED MACEY CO.. Lid. After twelve years of success, during which over ten million In- gersoll watches have been sold, and have established their own reputation for reliability by act- ual performance, is it necessary to go back to the beginning and say that THE BOOKCASE FOR THE HOME - | THE MACEY SECTIONAL BOOKCASE is an artistic piece of furniture. It affords perfect protection for books, leaving them easy of access. { MADE IN SECTIONS AND HALF SECTIONS so that both floor and wall space not otherwise available may be easily utilized. { FURNISHES THE MAXIMUM AMOUNT of book room while occu- pying the minimum amount of floor space. { MADE IN A VARIETY of woods and finishes with plain or decorated glass to suit every taste. { IN OUTWARD APPEARANCE will harmonize with the furnishings of the elaborate apartment or the modest home according to grade. { YOU TAKE NO RISK whatever when you buy a genuine Macey Bookcase. Sold through dealers or shipped ‘‘On Approval’’ direct from factory, freight paid and satisfaction guaranteed. keeps time? It seems as thou everybody must know it. But it e. fact and we repeat it. The guarantee printed below is in the back of every watch. We take the risk. Sold by Qo dealers, = patesid, for $1.00. et free. AskforanI £ —Name on dial, Sette Robt. H. Ingersoll 2 Bro, Dept. 53, 51 Maiden Lane New York Makers, 67 Cortlandt St, N.Y. City Agree That if without misuse. is Wa Illustrated Catalogue No. D1105 on request RETAIL STORES: New York, e e . . 843 Broadway Boston, . e . ° 178 Federal Street Philadelphia, . . . 14 N. 13th Street Chicago, ” e ° 152 Wabash Avenue When you write, please mention ‘The Cosmopolitan”

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GREAT EVENTS: HUMOR AND SATIRE “UNCLE JOE” WANTS A LOOK INSIDE From the New York Evening Mail. Copyright, 1905, by the Mail and Express Co. FREEDOM! The present situation in St. Petersburg (To be looked at close and at a distance) From Kikertki, of Vienna WILL HE TRY IT AGAIN NEXT FALL? From the New York Evening Telegram THE SPIKED PEACE ANGEL The People: ‘‘Well, there is uothing now left for me to do but to knock this board of miscomprehension trom the eyes of my dear Peace angel, and then he can see how things stand”’ Uncle Sam: “Just be seated, sir; I’ll see what can From Nebelspalter, of Zurich be done”’ From the Cleveland Plain Dealer beseiindeteietiepettampiethesicie s-anreateretcameasiekeaeaeenanena ee

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THE COSMOPOLITAN Said the Carpenter: “T’ve heard all these wonderful tales about that fellow, Saladin, and his Damascus blade —how he could bend it double and cut a silk thread with it. “That’s nothing! I can bend my Atkins saw double and twist it all around and it will spring back into shape without a kink. Wish my wife had that kind of temper! She gets all kinds of kinks and wrinkles when she gets out of shape! ‘Then I’ve heard of these wise lads that write books telling about the ‘lost art’ of making such steel. I guess they have never heard of SILVER STEEL, made on the Atkins formula, nor about the Atkins secret process of tempering and hardening! Cut asilk thread? Huh! Ican cut bar iron and never hurt a tooth! Oan’t tell me the old Arabs could make as fine steel as that! “You can’t see the way this saw-blade tapers, but I can FEEL it when I saw. That means that the saw makes leeway for itself, runs easy and never buckles. Mebbe you don’t know what that means to a carpenter, but I do. Saves a lot of time and wicked words. “‘Then that perfection handle! They have the right name for it, all right. Don’t have to hump over and pull straight up and down and break your back. You can stand up and get the best angle for cutting. 3 ‘Pay more for it? Of course! Isn’t it worth it? When you do anything you want to do it right, and it takes a first-class man with first-class tools to do a first-class job! “Every family ought to have a saw in the house— and it ought to be a good one. Don’t let your dealer substitute a ‘just as good.’ There are none as good as the Atkins.”’ ARADES SILVERSTEEL MARK >, This Trade Mark, indicating the finest steel ever made in ae 2 > modern or ancient times, is found only on the Saws— = all types and sizes, including butcher and kitchen saws—made by KR. eC. A’TRKINS & CO., Inc. Larcest SAW MANUFACTURERS IN THE WORLD Factory AND Executive Offices, INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA BRANCHES: New York City, Chicago, Minneapolis, Portland. Ore., Seattle San Francisco, Memphis, Atlanta, and Toronto, Can. t=" Ask for our Carpenter’s Universal Time Book. It is free. RT OTT TEIN , : Sa 2B TERS tips ae ope When you write, please mention ‘‘The Cosmopolitan”’

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THE COSMOPOLITAN The kind that satisfies the business and personal pride of employer and managers. The kind that impresses your customers with your good taste and ability to satisfy it. The kind that inspires employes and J clerks with optimism, pride and confidence in their firm and gives the necessary esprit de corps to make a harmonious, pro- gressive and successful business. The Andrews line of self respect- ing business furniture goes far to make a bad business good and a good business better. We haven't the room here to tell you why the Andrews Our Steel Rod Chairs and Tables are heavily copper plated and are unequaled for Cafes, Ice Cream Parlors, Soda Foun- tains, Offices, etc. Catalog A—High Grade Office Furniture. Catalog B—Medium Grade Office Furniture. TA kind has for forty years been the standard for excellence in business furniture. It is an instructive story and is contained in our literature which we will gladly send to those interested. Our Bank Department has fitted up over e banks. We sell one desk or furnish an office The A. H. Andrews Co., 172 Wabash Ave., Chicago complete, We are the largest manufacturers of School, Church and Opera Seatings and Fittings for Court Houses and Public Buildings in America. Catalog C—Offes Chairs. Cataleg D—Steel Red Chairs and Tables. We teach you thoroughly by mail and fit you to successfully establish your own real estate business; list with you choice salable properties and invest- ; ments; help you secure customers; co-operate with you and assist you toa quick success. Do not spend the best days of your life working for others, when you can make an independent fortune for yourself. Real Estate offers better opportunities than an other business, to men without capital. Wealsoteac you General Brokerage and Insurance Business. One of our correspondents writes: ‘I have re- Ceived more real prt ye your method the past few days than from contact with a real estate -gent for three years.”” Another writes: ‘‘Too much can not be said in praise of your institution.”” Hundreds of others make similar statements. Write for particu- lars and Free Booklet. It willinterest you. H. W. CROSS & CO. 920 Tacoma Building, CHICAGO When you write, please Easy Paymenis-$37.50 to $50 Buys a high grade factory rebuilt typewriter. Easy running, speedy and durable. Best low priced machines ever offered. Fully guaran- teed. Booklet, “The New Way,” gives full particulars; it’s free—write for it now. Fay Sholes Company, 109 Rees St., Chicage. What Is Daus’ T TO PROVE that Tip-Top” is the best and simplest device for ing y 100 copies from pen-written and 5@ copies from typewritten original, we will ship complete duplicator. cap size, without deposit, on ten (10) days’ trial. (LS) Price $7.50 less trade a EW discount of 3314s, or $5 net THE FELIX N. DAUS DUPLICATOR CO. Daus Building, 111 John St., New York City. AT FACTORY PRICES The!Lezs2d/strom” Sectional Bookcase Pronounced the best by thousands of users. High- ly finished ia Goldes Oak. per section, with disappearing non - binding glass doors, $1.75 without door $1.00 Tops and bases, $1.00 cach. Sent on a) roval, Be? ci h id direct from factory. ght prepaid direc : aa Send for Catalogue No. 60 D. THE C. J. LUNDSTROM MPG. CO., Little Falls, N. Y. Mfrs. of Sectional Bookcases and Filing Cabinets Price book mention ‘‘The Cosmopolitan’’

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THE OOSMOPOLITAN 14h Seer 1s ere me co" aon The owner and manager of the new Magnolia Hotel at Pass Christian, Miss., after a thorough test of our LAUNDRY DRIER wrote us recently: ‘/ am now in position to give you such testimonial as vou may wish and to say that your Drier ts ALL that you claim for it, and that I am weil pleased with it.” THE PECK-WILLIAMSON LAUNDRY DRIER enables you to regulate your own wash-day, does away with damage by soot and dust and tearing clothes- pins, and dries the clothes in 15 to 25 minutes. Your ‘‘ wash’’ will be as white, sweet and clean as that dried on a BRIGHT MAY DAY. The Drier is made of galvanized and wrought iron, and is simple in construction. Being practically indestructible, its first cost is its only cost. Operation costs nothing, for the fire that heats the water that boils the clothes, also heats the Drier that dries the clothes, and heats the irons for ironing. It is made in sizes suitable for homes, hotels or institutes. Send for FREE Illustrated Booklet, ““ DRY CLOTHES WITHOUT SUNSHINE,” giving prices and other information. Dealers should write for our very attractive proposition. THE PECK-WILLIAMSON CO., 350 West Fifth Street, - - CINCINNATI, OHIO. THE WORLD’S HEADQUARTERS FOR Electric Novelties and Supplies IF IT’S ELECTRIC WE HAVE IT WE UNDERSELL ALL Fan Motor and Battery, $2 to 15.00 Battery Table Lamp - « 8.00 Battery Hanging Lamp . 10.00 Telephone, complete . 2.50, 5.95 Electric Door Bells . . .« 1.00 Electric Carriage Lamps -. . 5.00 $8.00 Medical Batteries . . 8.95 OUR ‘“‘CARDINAL”’ SET 10 ROSES 50c. including the best new sorts All on own roots; strong plants; will grow and bloom where others fail. Sent post-paid, correctly labeled. In 1867 we originated the plan of selling plants by mail. Our long ex- perience and reputation are a guar- anteeof the high quality of our stock. SPECIAL 50c. PLANT OFFERS . 12 Fragrant Flowering Carnation Pinks ... . . 50 cts, S ee — — Suspensory = 12 New Large Flowering Chrysanthemums, . . . . 50 cts, Be oereR = * “1.0 00 to 512.06 12 Sunset-leaved Coleus, fine for bedding,. . - 50 ets, attery Motors . 2 10 Grand Flowering Geraniums for pots or be “dding . 50 cts. Bicycle Electric Lights . . 8.50 12 Choice assorted Plants for pots or garden . . . 50 cts. Electric Railway . ~~ * 8.25 10 Choice Begonias, flowering and ornamental, . . . 50 cts. Pocket Flash Lighte . . 2 bers 5 Magnificent Mammoth Flowering Verbenas . . . 50 cts. Necktie Lights. ¢ « Be. to 2.5 Choice new Gladiolus, orchid flowering, . . - . 0 cts. $3 Electric Hand Lantern + 4. 15 Tuberoses, Dwarf Pearl and Sweet-scented, . . . 50 cts. Send for new catalog, just out. Agents wante 10 Fine basket and vase plants, vines and foliage . . 50 cts. SJ & 26 Packets Flower Seeds, sure to grow and please,. . 50 cts. OHIO ELECTRIC WORKS, CLEVELAND, OHIO. $39.50 BUYS THIS We save you dealer's profits. Ship on ap- 4 Fay 30 days free trial. Money back if not satisfactory. Send for 200 page Style Book containing 132 wonderful gains. UNION BUGGY CO., Dept.831, Pontiac, Mich. MANTELS ORNAMENTAL BRICK. A ARTISTIC. FIREPROOF. MOST COMFORTABLE. ANY Ss CAREFUL MASON CAN ERECT THEM. PHOTOCRAPHIC “= CATALOC SENT ON APPLICATION TO PHILADELPHIA '$& BOSTON FACE BRICK CO., DEPT.5, 165 MILK ST., BOSTON, MASS. When you write, please mention ‘‘The Cosmopolitan” GRAND OFFER $2r-pcis"sr vais*. *™*."""" $4.25 Get your friends to club with you and get yours free. 12 Large 2 year old Roses i:.unci'ss. « $1.25 Order Now; Don’t Wait. Send for free Catalog. THE REESER FLORAL CO., Box 101, Springfield, Ohie

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_ TOUCH TYPEWRITER The ideal way to operate a typewriter is by the Touch Method (without looking at the keys). When a typewriter is so operated the operator can give undivided attention to the co to be transcribed, and acquire marvelous eek. The Fox Typewriter is recognized as the best adapted for this method of operating. The compactness of the key- board, the short key dip, the light touch (25 % to 50% lighter. than any other), are perfected features in the Fox and give it a great ad- vantage over all others. THE FOX FOR SPEED By a special arrangement of the escape- ment the operator can instantly change the speed of the machine from “regular” to “fast,” so that any Fox Typewriter is adapt- ed to the speed of the operator, a wonderful advantage where speed is any consideration, and one not found on other typewriters. TWO-COLORED RIBBON Can be used when desired, and by simply touching a button, credits or special notations can be inserted in a different colored ink from the body of the letter. We know that the Fox Typewriter is a higher grade typewriter than any other, that it will do more work, more varied work, do it easier, and has greater durability than any other type- writer manufactured. We are proving this assertion every day. We want an opportunity to prove it in your office, and we are willing to undertake it with- out any expense to yourself. Our catalog describing the machine in detail will be sent free upon request. FOX TYPEWRITER CO. 464 Front St., Grand Rapids, Mich. Branch offices and agencies in principal cities. THE COSMOPOLITAN When you write, please mention ‘‘The Cosmopolitan”’ SAVE MAGAZINE MONEY Any magazine, periodical, combination or club, at lowest prices—much lower maybe than you believe possible. Our Large Catalogue, FREE Contains a list of about 3,000 periodicals at lowest prices, tells how our system saves you subscription money, and includes much valuable information, that all magazine readers should have. Our 44-page cata- logue containing all pepe offers, is sure to interest you. ostal card brings it to your door. Better Write To-day. BENNETTS SUBSCRIPTION AGENCY. 68-74 LASALLE ST, CHA GAG OIL L. ATENTS SECURED OR FEE RETURNED FREE opinion as to patentability. Send for Guide Book and What To Invent, finest publication issued for free distribution. Patents secured by us advertised free. EVANS, WILKENS 6&6 CO. No. 330 F Street, N. W. Washington. D.C. N. Y. Offices, 132 Nassau St., . City, N.Y. ‘Send for this Print your own cards, circulars, peZ Press $5. Small newspaper press ois: Money saver Print for others,big profits Ty pesetting easy, printed rules sent. Write to makers for catalog,presses,type paper, &c. THE PRESS CO., MERIDEN, CONN. Factory Clear- ing Sale Slightly Used Typewriters We own and offer as won- , derful bargains, 1500 type- writers which have been used just enough to put them in perfect adjust- ment. Better than new. Shipped on approval, free examination. 1000 newl’7s- All Standard Makes 14/- oe anes. built to sell for $@§—our price Less Than %4 Price while they last, $35. We vent all makes of machines for $3.00 a month and up. FREE catalogue containing unparalleled list_of splendid typewriter bargains. Send for it today. Special offer toagents. ROCKWELL-BARNES CO., 606 Baldwin Bldg., Chicago, Illinois. Big Discounts on all Typewriter Supplies.

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°5se7 wren i en THE COSMOPOLITAN Make Big Money as Local Agent Are you making enough money ? Are you completely satisfied with what you are making ? Are you ambitious to make more—do you want to succeed ? Become a local agent for the Oliver! You can add at least $300 a year to your income if you're already in a salaried position—for you'll only need a few hours each evening— at your own convenience. Or, you can make a comfortable living if you devote your entire time to a local agency. For some Local Agents make $300 a month. Several have 10 to 15 assistants under them. And many of our high salaried people—managers, etc., were at one time Local Agents. Now we help you make money! We post you thoroughly on the Oliver and on the Typewriter situation generally. We send you handsome booklets—give ycu valuable sale prospects and send our Travelling Salesmen when you need their assistance toclose a deal. And while you’re Local Agent you get the full advantage of every sale made in your territory—even if we sell the Typewriter ourselves. Poth Oy —elypewriter the Standard Visible Writer is the best—most durable—neatest—quickest—surest Typewriter made in the world. It excells all other Typewriters in practical efficiency—is comparatively free from repairs—is a Perfect Aligner—an enormous Manifolder. When you know the Oliver you'll feel compassionate for all other Type- writers! For competition simply demonstrates Oliver’s superiority. Oo o ° 0 ° ° Now you'll have to act at once if you want to become a Local Agent for the Oliver. We're allotting exclusive territory right now. It may be that your local town is unrepresented—act at once if you would like to have the exclusive agency for your own town. Sit right down and write us—we'll tell you all about our proposition—give you detailed information and let you know just what we'll do. Remember this is an opportunity to increase your salary or to earn a livlihood in a dignified, respected way—one that may never occur to you again. Write now. THE OLIVER TYPEWRITER CO., 168 Wabash Avenue, CHICAGO, ILL. PRINCIPAL FOREIGN OFFICE—75 Queen Victoria St., London. When you write, please mention ‘‘The Cosmopolitan”

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THE COSMOPOLITAN THE MAN WHO SPENDS a little time investigating the pedigree of varnish before he permits its use on his woodwork usually gets big interest on the investment. An indifferent attitude towards varnish is re- | p GR sponsible for many a spoiled interior. ER AS The use of LUXEBERRY WOOD FINISH and LIQUID moh GRANITE gives the highest results in the way of a finish attainable on wood. ae a2) = . This is the cele- brated Toy Wagon that we give away free under certain conditions. Since we introduced it a few years ago it has found its way to all parts of the world and has made thousands of boys Under its old name of Berry |7= Brothers’ Hard Oil Finish, LUXE- BERRY WOOD FINISH has been | known for forty years. Use it on general interior woodwork. \@ For floors, bathrooms, Win- | dow Sash and sills, inside blinds, and front doors, use LIQUID GRANITE. ft is the extraordi- nary wear resisting qualities of LIQUID GRANITE that make it equally valuable for floors and irls h i all woodwork where the expo- a ‘a aia sure is severe. and full particulars sent upon applica- tion. Samples of finished woods and interesting bookicts on wood finish- ing sent free for the asking. BERRY BROTHERS, LIMITED, Varnish Manufacturers NEW YORK PHILADELPHIA CHICAGO ST. LOUIS BOSTON BALTIMORE CINCINNATI SAN FRANCISCO Factory and Main Office, Detroit Cenadian Factory, WALKERVILLE, ONT. Die in open air For Twenty-Eight Years the name BISSELL has typi- fied all that’s best in Carpet ? Sweeper mechanism, has seeking become a household word water. throughout the world, wherever carpets or rugs are used. It is the only Carpet Sweeper that has ever given com- plete and continu- ous satisfaction to the user, and its Y large sale fully supports this statement. Over 80% of the world’s output of Carpet Sweepers are ‘Gy T° BISSELL’S Housewives every- where attest their supe- riority. A BISSELL ‘*Cyco’’ Bearing Sweeper will outlast fifty corn brooms, and makes sweeping a pleas- ure instead of a — Bis-Kit i “Gets them all” ; Has cleaned out the- worst infested ‘“« rat- holes.”” Rats and mice leave choicest food and grain for it. Dry, clean; never leaves a mark. At druggists—15 cents a box. If yours hasn't it, send us 25c, for one box (extra roc covers postage) or 60¢ for three boxes, express prepaid. (J. H. MAIDEN, Montreal, Agent for Can ada.) THE RAT BISCUIT CO., Dept. 4, Springfield, 0. When you write, please mention ‘‘The Cosmopolitan”’ drudgery. Why deny yourself this comfort when $2.50 to $4.00 will procure ite Buy a BISSELL now and send us the purchase slip, and receive a neat, useful gift. BISSELL CARPET SWEEPER CO. Dept. 64, Grand Rapids, Mich. (Largest Sweeper Makers in the World.)

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S ‘ish ally ‘ele- gon way ‘tain ince it a o it way the nade boys y. ture ilars lica- FS ISCO THE COSMOPOLITAN Couch, Bed, Wardrobe for $10. | = | Handsome High-Grade Couch and Double Bed Complete with Spring, Mattress and Flounce; and Wardrobe Box. The mechanism is so simple that a child can operate it. Made of very best quality steel angles, attract- ively and durably enameled. Good dark-green denim-top mattress, filled with fine carded wool. Rip Van Winkle Spring guaranteed 20 years. Cedar- stained pine box rolls from beneath on castors. Closed, couch is 2 ft. 2 in. wide, 6 ft. 2 in. long; as bed Any article manufactured 4ft.2in. wide. Send $10, money order or N. Y. draft, in our factory—Reclining Couch, Davenport, i Bed Couch, Dropside Couch, Ironfold Bed. bea’ and we will ship couch to you promptly. Bargain tresses—may be returned at our expense if not thoroughly satisfactory. Weship ®t $18, but we make this low price to introduce direct from factory to you, Send us your address for our Literature and Prices. Sample of our goods in every community. METAL FURNITURE MFG. co., Dept. C, 17 Ww. 42d Street, New York : need no repairs or paint, and consider- Your — Bill Reduced Ce de sasenyaees Your ight Increased : eee A N a This may sound incredulous, but it is just what HOLOPHANE IOC REET GLOBES AND REFLECTORS do. You may be skeptical, but we can prove it to you. Let us send you our booklets on lighting : B, "The Home;" Cc, "Large Buildings, Offices and Stores;* D, " Hotels and Clubs; " E, "Schools, Churches, Hospitals and Li- braries;" F, "Theaters and Public Halls;" G, a Raikvay Coaches and Steamers." We make over 200 styles of globes and re- flectors. The globe shown above is No. 4401 for open gas jet. ‘ Price, 95c, prepaid. Holo- phane globes are sold by al leading dealers Dykema Cement House Plans represent spe- in gas and electric light fixtures. cial knowledge in cement construction. Big Book of plans beautifully illustrated is sent for 25 cents HOLOPHANE GLASS CO, coin and 8 cents stamps. 910 Glackner Bidg., New York, N. Y. Dykema Cement Stone Manufacture, by the J. 8. CopMAN & O wet process, is worth investigation. We help get 220 Devonshire ° &t., Boston. 5 : Baxtzs J LIGHTING the business. BOOKLET V 45 SENT FREE. N. 18th 8t., © OO aciphia. Sean Ualuhaas Gene and tanto K. DYKEMA & SON, 1745 Pearl Street, Grand Rapids, Mich. Dykema Cement Stone absorb no moisture— never discolor and excel natural stone in beauty. Years ago this advertisement appeared in these pages—the Pioneer advertisement of the “ Pioneers.” Did you ever see any Factory-to-Smoker advertisement before it? Our announcement then was ‘* Your Cigars Free Fora Year’”’ and ‘het we said then we repeat now— What you ordinarily spend at re tail for cigars would, if spent with us, furnish you with another year’s smoking FREE. The same v alue cigars for half money ; twice as good for the same money; two years’ smoking for the price of one. We have had no reason to modify this statement or the proposition that has made our success. Every cigar guaranteed to suit or YOUR MONEY BACK in full. Your satisfaction and saving positively made secure. Send us $1.00 and we will send an assorted box of 25 cigars, showing (15) 1U-cent and 2-for-25c. values, (10) 5-cent values. Or, tell us what you ordinarily pay for your smokes, if Clear Havanas or Domestics, and we will send you a full two dollars’ worth of cigars at retailers’ values that will best show you how well we will ‘‘save half your cigar money.” If you don't think, 80, we will send your dollar back. Our beautiful catalogue, * Rolled Reveries,’ goes name e ve ry order. Transportation Always Paid By Try cigars from the cleanest of factories to-day. JOHN B. ROGERS & CO., “ THE PIONEERS,” 208 Jarvis St., Binghamton, N.Y. Turning Our Backs On Well-Beaten Paths. When you write, please mention ‘“‘The Cosmopolitan”

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THE OOSMOPOLITAN =—{ IERCE MOTOR. B OAT “Always Dependable" Guaranteed absolutely safe, seaworthy, speedy and comfortable. Elegantly built on graceful lines. Equipped with Pierce Noiseless Motor, Jump Spark Igniter. Inside reverse, solid pro- peller. This 18 foot, 2 H. P. Pierce Motor Boat, complete as illustrated, price $235. Not rigged $200. It will pay you to investigate this remarkable offer. We uild boats to order and can save you money on almost any model. Write for new illustrated catalogue and our Special One Week FREE Trial Offer. PIERCE ENGINE COMPANY, 2204 Clark Street, - = Racine, Wis. * Stegel-Cooper Co., New York City, Eastern Representatives. How to Hire Salesmen Many a horse has pulled a plow that could have been a Lou Dillon, with train- ing. Every excellent thing is a combin- ation of culture and material. Teaching tells in all other lines, why not in sales- manship? Employers want salesmen who can make good. Guess work is ex- pensive. We are teaching employers how to hire salesmen and get the best results by test. We are teaching sales- men on the road and in the house how to build up trade by tearing down awkward- ness and wastefulness. Time costs money and false moves defeat strong men. We American Family Scale can prove it, Write’for free book, 48 pages on SIMPLEST AND TRUEST Scientific Salesmanship. It’s Just Right and Stays Right SOLD BY ALL DEALERS THE SHELDON SCHOOL, CHICAGO LOOK FOR THE NAME. 1154 McClurg Building MADE BY AMERICAN CUTLERY CO., CHICAGO, U. S. A. are not ordinary boats in quality or rT ance. You can tells t'ruscott--you ¢an trust one. STi . the GRAND PRIZE at St. Louis—the first and only Grand Prize awarded makers of small boats or engines at any exposition, anywhere. Complete catalog shows why. broth : 1905 for five stamps. Our quarterly ** The Launch” is free BOATS LESTE CY we LOO IRR NCCLS When you write, please mention ‘“‘The Susanne

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THE OOSMOPOLITAN Mullins Stamped Steel Boats Can’t Sink Motor Boats, Row Boats, Hunting and Fishing Boats Staunchly built of strong, rigid steel plates, with air chambers in each end like a life boat—buoyant—strong safe—speedy. They don’t leak, crack, dry out, wear out or sink. Mullins Steel Motor Boats are elegantly equipped, full fledged, torpedo stern launches—not row boats with motors in them, Motor Boats, 16 foot, 1h. p. $135; 18 foot, 3 h. p. $240. Row Boats, $20 up. All boats are sold direct and every boat is fully guaranteed. Every Boatman Should Send For 1905 Catalogue which shows all our new models and many innovations in boat building. The W.H. Mullins Co. (The Steel Boat Builders) 1O2 Franklin St., Salem, O. Member National Association of Engine and Boat Manufacturers. Desirable Spring's, Promise Spring Trips goes to of two to five days’ duration are offered by the California Rich land can be had where the warm sun- OLD DOMIN J shine makes everything grow. Visit the West this Spring on the low TO COLONIST RATES In Effect Daily to May 10, 1905 Norfolk, y to May Old Point Comfort, $42.50 $50.00 $60.00 Virginia Beach, SOUTHERN Richmond, Va. PACIFIC FROM NEW YORK s W ashin ton D Cc ELEGANT PASSENGER STEAMERS § ? . . NEW YORK TO NEW ORLEANS Steamers sail daily, except Sunday, at 3 P. M. from THENCE RAIL THROUGH Pier 26, North River, foot of Beach Street, New York. LOUISIANA, TEXAS, NEW MEXICO, For full imformation apply to ARIZONA INQUIRE OLD DOMINION STEAMSHIP co Boston, 170 Washington | PHILADELPHIA, 632 Chestnut : ' “a9 B dway | B. semnenm le r Bidg., Bal- 81 Beach Street, New York, N. Y. New Yorx, } 4} Broadway | timore Street’ H. B. WALKER J. J. Brown SYRACUSE, 129 So. Franklin Street V.P.&T. M. G. P. A. When you write, please mention ‘‘The Cosmopolitan”

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THE COSMOPOLITAN Preserve and Beautify Your Shingles by staining them with Cabot’s Shingle Stains They are made of Creosote ["the best wood preservative known"], pure linseed oil, and pigments, and give soft, velvety color- ing effects (moss-greens, bark-browns, silver- grays, etc.) that look better and wear better than any others. 50% cheaper than paint. Send for stained wood samples and catalogue SAMUEL CABOT, Sole Manufacturer 8 Oliver Street, Boston, Mass. Agents at all Central Points Cabot’s Sheathing ** Quilt” makes warm houses The Paint is Dead when the PT A Long-Lived Paint is made of Oil is gone. Oil-Protecting Pigments, S VG D) ARC ) G; “Linseed Oil is the life of paint.” When Patton’s Sun-Proof paints are long-lived be- the oil departs, the paint is dead. Dead paint cause they are made of the right materials— Zinc, Lead and Silica, Linseed Oil and Turpentine driers—in the right pro- 3 portions, ground again and again ~, VAI hb = by powerful machinery. Paints lacking any of these materials, or hand-mixed paints (a mere paddling together of the pig- ments and liquids), are short- lived—they chalk, crack, peel and blister, and, besides, lack beauty and covering capacity. —a lustreless, dry, chalky coating—has no protective qualities, and disinte- grates rapidly because the pigments have no cohesive attraction after the departure of the oil. But the oil must be pure, and nothing should be added to the paint that will injure the oil and shorten its life. White Lead, used alone, “burns up” the oil, and the addition of an alkali, to unite the oil and water used insome | Our booklet, “Paint Queries,” contains paints, is equally disastrous. Paint interesting information about paints, their containing water is, therefore, notgood paint. Registerea Colors and when and how touse them. Write for it. PATTON PAINT COMPANY, 211 Lake St., Milwaukee, Wis. Eastern Factory, Newark, N. J. PITTSBURGH PLATE GLASS CO., General Distributers. Send for 80-p Free List and “How to Use a Razor” Look at our assortment and our record, and you must then feel your duty isclear. If not, tell us why? We deal direct with consumers and Warrant every blade hand-forged razor steel. This is ‘* Chauncey Depew's Pet,” has three blades (one is a file). Handle is choicest selected pearl; German silver back and ends. Price, in chamois case, $1.50, postpaid. Same knife, a 2 blade, $1; plainer finish, 3 blade, same in! quality, $1; smaller, 2 blade, for lady, $1; ; f plainer finish, 75 cents. Razor steel jack-kaife, 2 - blades, price 75 cents, but 48 cents for a while; 5for $2. This knife A and 60c. Shears for $1. Boy’s 2 blade, with 18-inch chain, 50c.: girl’s 2 blade, ivory, 50c. MAHER & GROSH CO. 77 A Street, Toledo, Ohio. When you write, please mention ‘‘The Cosmopolitan’”’

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THE COSMOPOLITAN ee Pure WHITE LEAD Facts about House Paint When you get estimates on painting your house this Spring, zvszst upon every painter figuring on the use of strictly Pure White Lead. This will put them all on an even footing and will insure your getting best possible results, if you employ a good workman. It will pay you to go even farther than this and to name the brand of White Lead to be used. In these days of adulteration, it is not safe to assume that White Lead is pure because the label or brand Says SO. For the benefit of those people who do not know what brands of White Lead are pure, we have printed a booklet ““What Paint and Why.” It tells why Pure White Lead is the Best Paint and names the brands that are purest and best. This is valuable information for every house-owner, because while all White Leads sell at practically the same price, there is great difference in the value of different brands. We will send this booklet, free, to anyone who will ask any of our offices for it. Architects and painters are invited to send names of customers interested in house-painting. ‘‘ What Paint and Why ’”’ will be valuable to them. NATIONAL LEAD COMPANY Largest manufacturers of White Lead in the world. New York Boston Buffalo Cleveland Chicago Cincinnati St. Louis NATIONAL LEAD & OIL CO., Pittsburgh JOHN T. LEWIS & BROS. CO., Philadelphia When you write, please mention ‘‘The Cosmopolitan”

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THE COSMOPOLITAN When you Cook with WEAREVER ALUMINUM | Dalat y Ne hap-hazard results in the cook- ing; no metallic poisoning from copper, brass or plated ware; no enamel to peel off in spots and durn the food just as it’s done to a turn. Al um i num Ware Stewart Hartshorn is on the does not corrode nor become rusty. It is as label attached to cvesy roller. near indestructible as anything in regular daily That is for your protection, use caz be. J Send 25c and we will forward, carriage paid, = a I-pint sauce pan, made of our Wearever Aluminum, for you to try. GIt is susceptible of a very high polish, and utensils made of this metal in sufficient weight Reduced Rates goods to or from to insure the proper degree of strength last a on” — Wettaghe ant 4 — lifetime. It is no unusual thing, nowadays, to : 5 bs oa see bright chadieeaete Some ed Beekins Household Shipping Co. 95B Washington St. Chicago —BIC MONEY that look as if they had been bought the day WONDERFUL STOVE maker: before, but have been in regular daily service eight years. The same thing in other wares R-—ONLY 10% OIL-CAS wad e PURNS, 99 a. Customers delighted with would—well, you know just about how they Harrison Valvelees Ofl-gas Steve. Splendid for would look if, indeed, they were to be found cooking; also heating rooms, stores, offices, etc., “_® with Radiator Attch. No wick, dirt, at all about the place. OF ashee—no coal bilis or drudgery i , i ‘ ~» cheap, safe fue a wee ¥ The idea that Aluminum, being one of the et ypcbesp, sate fy Rae ee newer metals, is at first costly, has dissuaded Ftp | forsmall family. Easily operated— . mi absolutely safe—all sizes, $3 and up. Hex e Hey/ hee a e & Hartshorn Shade Rollers The standard of the world. Strongest, simplest, easiest run- ong: perfect automatic action, hen you buy the “Improved” no tacks are required, a See that the script signature of oun Household many ¢hrifty housewives from considering it as Write Catalog FREE and Spectai practicable in their kitchen equipment. But, Prices. AGENTS WANTED—O40 Aluminum Ware is not expensive—not even at 5790 World Bldg, einanamiiehs o. the first cost. And when the length of time it lasts is considered—and clean, sanitary all the time—it is by far the cheapest ware one can use in cooking. 4G Zven heat is necessary to perfect cookery. Aluminum so absorbs and holds heat that it | produces even heat, and hence the best results in the cooking of foods that contain milk Cael eggs. It WEAREVER regulates the temperature of WORLD MFG. ©0O., THIS ‘sizz ROCKER ONLY $14.45 SENT ON APPROVAL Let us send you this chair with this understanding: that it is full size, with selected solid oak frame, guaranteed steel construction same as adopted by U. S. Government; deeply tufted (like illus- tration) and covered with Genuine “Fabrikoid,”’ which for both wear and appearance comes nearest to full leather. If not exactly as the cookery and the ‘‘ Zemfper” of the cook. “{ Don’t trust to ‘‘pot luck,” but be sae of your dinner by using Aluminum Ware—always. ALUMINUM COOKING UTENSIL Co, Box P, Pittsburg, Pa. represented you need not pay for it, but return at our expense. Write to-day for our new cata- log, describing and illustrating Over 4,000 articles in the house- furnishing line: . STEWART BROS. 545 N. High St., Columbus, 0. , STEWART'S VERGOO FURNITURE When you write, please mention ‘‘The Cosmopolitan”

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ETUC TENE ED AT - . a 5 & v R ° THE COSMOPOLITAN Interesting Experiment With a BOHN Syphon Refrigerator i 1 @, A refrigerator preserves food by retarding decay. G, If you freeze food solid you can keep it indefinitely, so it naturally follows that the colder the circulation of air in your refriger- ator the longer and better you can keep your provisions. @, When you consider that fact, don’t forget that the Bohn Syphon Refrigerator maintains a temperature of 38 to 42 degrees while others, consuming more ice, secure a temperature of only 52 to 60 degrees. ZZ BF Z A FA FA FA FA FF FA BZ AA ZB AA F 7 FF Ze FA G A : @, To preserve food we must not only have as low a temperature as possible, but a strong circulation of air, and here is another point of Bohn Syphon superiority, because the air current is stronger than in any other refrigerator. @, To prove that Bohn Syphon Refrigerators prevent communication of odors and that they furnish only pure, dry air to the provision chamber we arrange things as in the picture. @, The onions and the fish will not taint the milk, the cream or the butter; so this proves the first part of the claim. @, The current of cold air rushing up through the provision chamber carries off all odors and gases from the food, and when it comes in contact with the ice the air is deodorized and purified, the moisture removed by condensation and precipitated to the drain pipe and out into the waste water. @, Now—if you taste the waste water, you will detect the taint of onions, and this proves the second part of our claim. @, Bohn Syphon Refrigerators are all lined with the finest white enamel, or with opalite glass. SENT FREIGHT PREPAID (Returnable) anywhere in the United States, if not for sale by your dealer. Returnable at our expense and mioney back if not fully satisfactory after ten days’ trial. ay SR et eS @, 56-Page Catalog full of valuable information, with photographic reproductions—FREE. Write for it. @, We thave extra ‘sizes and build to order for Cars, steamships, yachts, hotels, etc. WHITE ENAMEL REFRIGERATOR. CO. 12 East 6th Street, 3 ST. PAUL. MINN. Bohn Syphon Refrigerators received the Highest Award at the St. Louis Exposition. When you write, please mention ‘‘The Cosmopolitan”

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THE COSMOPOLITAN THAN 400 SHAVES WITHOUT STROPPING £3 AT LESS THAN % CENT A SHAVE THINK WHAT THIS MEANT TO THE MAN WHO TORTURED HIMSELF FOR YEARS WITH THE OLD STYLE RAZORS BEFORE HE WROTE US. is in the wafer-blades, double-edged, and tempered The Secret in a manner not possible ag the forged blade used in ordinary and other safety razors. Every bi ‘ound with diamond dust—will give an average of 10 to 40 7 en velvet shaves, according to the beard, without bother of stropping devices. Twelve of these double-edged blades go with each set.. We uniformly exchange one new blade for two old blades returned. This plan of repeated exchange is equ uivalent to twenty-two blades with every outfit. After these are all used, mew ones, by this exchange plan, cost you less than 5 cents each. The razor as shown is separated into its three solid parts with the blade ready to be clamped into position for shaving. Note the concave effect of the double-edged wafer blade when ready to shave and compare this one feature with any other razor. Whole outfit sent in velvet-lined case. Now Let The Gillette Prove Itself to You every day for a month on our 30 day free trial plan. Most deal- ers make this offer; if yours don’t we will. Then, if for any DOUBLE, reason you’d rather have your money than the razor, return the razor. Your money back and welcome. EDGED -.-.._. Awarded Gold Medal for MERIT TRIPLE SILVER. PLATE WAFER. At St. Louis Exposition, 1904. BLADE Ask your dealer for the Gillette safety Razor. If he doesn’t sell it he can procure it for you. At any rate, write for our interesting booklet. Mailed free. The Gillette Sales Company, 1605 Manhattan Bldg. Chicago, Ml. References: Continental National Bank, Chicago, or any one = 141 satisfied users to January 1, 1905, our first year shows the most complete line of fine harness for pleasure driving, turf goods and other stable supplies in America, and describes many hundreds of articles of the latest correct style. It is a large book of 300 pages and we send it by express, prepaid, only to prospective buyers. Reliable Harness We handle reliable work only and oper- market, JY OOCELLI LMA IEEE, Horse Goods ate the largest and best equipped fine horse Buyers’ Guide y goods factory inthiscountry. Weare the | only manufacturers offering such goods di- l SSR SSSSSAANAS Our Blue Book of horse goods for 1905» being our 28th edition, is now ready. It | AM a rect at low popular prices. The large vol- RUSSELL be GARDNER ume of our business warrants us in selling 5 Tue “‘Buaay Kina" ST. Louis, U. 8. A. BANNER BUCCIES BEAT THE WORLE Ask your dealer for a Banner nsur’ A Runabout, Sur- rey or Harness. If he doesn’t 20 to 40% Below Retail Every article sent subject to inspection and satisfaction guaranteed. Here are sample prices: 25.00 Buggy Harness, $24.73 33:08 Buggy Harness, 4.75 50.00 Buggy Harness, $32.00 All other goods in proportion. If you are in the market for horse goods send for our Blue Book, mentioning this magazine. TUTTLE & CLARK handle them a me Ce LRA 171-186 Jefferson Ave., - Detroit, Mich. manufacture more buggies than any other 7% man in the world and can save you money. When you write, please mention ‘’The Cosmopolitan”

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THE COSMOPOLITAN What Jap-a-Lac Will Do We are trying to show you in this present advertisement exactly what JAP-A-LAC will do, and we have illustrated a few of the many uses to which it can be put. In every house in America there is some painted thing that would be improved by a coat of JAP-A-LAC. It will rejuvenate floors, weather-beaten front doors, chairs, old car- riages, metal work, radiators, porch furniture, oilcloth, refrigerators, chan- deliers, andirons or anything and everything that needs freshening, and you will never believe until you try it just how complete the rejuvenation is. Most of the JAP-A-LAC that is used is used by women. An intelligent child ten years old will have no trouble with it, and will take pleasure and gain knowledge in using it. The old table, or chair, or desk, or bookcase that you think is fit only for kindling because the varnish is scuffed or because the color is not to your liking, can be brought back practically to its original new value with 25 cents’ worth of JAP-A-LAC. A simple description of JAP-A-LAC is, that it is a stain and a varnish combined, and its uses exist from the cellar to the attic of every house in America. The colors of JAP-A-LAC are twelve: WALNUT, OAK, MAHOGANY, CHERRY, MALACHITE GREEN, BLUE, OX-BLOOD, DEAD BLACK, BRILLIANT BLACK, FLAT WHITE, GLOSS WHITE, GROUND. Besides these there is Natural or Clear JAP-A-LAC. We want you to know JAP-A-LAC as it really is. For you will never perfectly appreciate it until you have actually put a brush in a can of JAP-A-LAC, and with your own hands transformed some old floor or old piece of furniture. We will gladly give you a full-size quarter-pint can if you will pay the cost of mailing. Send us ten cents, and the name of your dealer, and we will mail free, to any point in the United States, a sample can of any color you select. Upon request, we will gladly send an interesting booklet about JAP- A-LAC, and a color card showing the different shades. To expedite reply, please address: The Glidden Varnish Company MAKERS OF Dept. C, HIGH -GRADE hes VARNISHES FOR , 1039 Williamson Bidg., ALL PURPOSES. ( Cleveland; Obie. When you write, please mention ‘‘The Cosmopolitan”

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THE COSMOPOLITAN REVOLVERS ARE BUILT FOR BUSINESS Nothing is more sure, more certain in this world than a COLT REVOLVER. In the arctics, tropics, afloat, ashore, anywhere, everywhere, it will do its duty, and with precision unknown in other makes. Arms must sometimes be carried, and those who carry them should insist on having the best. COLT’S REVOLVERS have quality, strength, reliability, simplicity in action, and are the best. Perfection obtained by use under all conditions for over fifty years. A COLT guarantee with each arm. On sale everywhere. On application we will send complete catalogue. COLTS PATENT FIREARMS MFG. CO., Hartford, Conn. LONDON OFFICE: 15 Pall Mall, London, 8S. W. HOLIDAYS IN ENGLAND inne 4 cents (postage) for illustrated book entitled, HOLIDAYS ENGLAND, describing CATHEDRAL ROUTE, PILGRIM sooo 3¢ IN CHINA H. J. KETCHAM, General Agent, ; the opinions and the methods GREAT EASTERN RAILWAY wr ENGLAND, dl DICKENS and TENNYSON DISTRICTS, and the HAR- WICH HooK or HOLLAND ROUTE, Twin Screw Steamship Line, ENGLAND to ROTTERDAM or ANTWERP. Address, siete [teleost of ancestors are sacred; there- 362 Broadway, New York fore innovation and improve- ao ae ment are sacrilege. The ATENTS Write for “In. painter whose method of FRANKLIN H. HOUGH, Atlantic Bldg., Washington. D.C. thought is Chinese clings to an Sannin pure white lead, because the EXPERIENCE ancients approved it. Ma- ‘schinery and experiment have =“improved paint as they have improved everything else, High grade ready mixed paint, based l[argely on OXIDE OF ZINC, is paint in its most modern, most un-Chinese for m, notice, Showa The NEW JERSEY ZINC CO. "Scientific a AnI i P; ohlet: “Paint: Why, How ana When.” 7) Broadway A handsomely illustrated weekly. Largest cir- Free to Property-owners. NEW YORK oe ner eae as nas a y We do not grind zinc in oil: a list of Manufacturers of N & Go,2e12rsin, New York High Grade Zinc Paints sent on application. 2525 oo gogo oo og oo oe oe5r Branch Office, 625 F St., Washingto: When you write, please mention ‘‘The Cosmopolitan” SOOO eevee ses ec Trave Marks DESIGNS CopyricHTs &c. Anyone sending a sketch and description may quickly aout our opinion free whether an favention is probably mtable. OOK on Patents tions strictly confident: NDBOOK t fr idest agency ‘tor ann rou, Ps le lle ele lel ele elelel, ~ C Aesec5e

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Vee ee SIN Let These Vehicles Prove Their Worth CRAKS AKE your pick from 100 styles of vehicles and 50 styles of harness. Everything in the light pleasure vehicle line. Rubber Tire Runabouts and Driving Wagons, Cushion Tire Run- abouts, Top Buggies and Open Buggies, Regular Phaetons and Spider Phaetons, Doctor’s Phaetons, Stanhopes, Light Surreys, Heavy Carriages, Depot Wagons, Spring Wagons, Carts, Pony Work, Delivery Wagons and all kinds of Light and Heavy. Single and Double Harness. Price to suit your pocketbook. We have no agents. When you buy THE OOSMOPOLITAN A\\ Ky

VA Som | ae Sei gD) <p

not prove their worth—they cost you nothing. Every vehicle is guaranteed fully for two years. Every Split Hickory Vehicle made by skilled labor. Every piece of mater- ial carefully selected and inspected and must be first class before used. Each vehicle sold sells another— that’s why it pays us to please you. It’s business with us. Our new 1905 Vehicle and Harness Catalogue of 192 pages is yours for the asking. The information it contains ¥s from us you save the agent’s profit— can do you no harm and may save you (IM . . . ’ eas AR: this is something— usually all the way many dollars. It’s worth writing for. , from $25.00 to $100.00 according to the A simple request on a postal with your D price of the vehicle you buy. name and address will bring the new = Every one of our vehicles is sold catalogue with our compliments—pos- ‘a on Thirty Days’ Free Trial. If they do tage prepaid. d. * THE OHIO CARRIAGE MFG. CO. C. AS 2 ee Station 264 “~ (H. C. Phelps, President) Cincinnati, O.

isa Bee NT oF se

ISAS When you write, please mention ‘‘The Cosmopolitan”

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THE COSMOPOLITAN SY IF YOU WANT CASH FOR YOUR FARM, HOME OR BUSINESS | CAN GET IT NO MATTER WHERE YOUR PROPERTY IS LOCATED OR WHAT IT IS WORTH If I did not have the ability and facilities for promptly disposing of your property at a good price, I could not afford to spend $100,000 a year in advertising that I can do so. Every one of my advertisements places on my list a number of new properties. I quickly sell these, and so am able to pay for the advertisement and make a good profit besides. My office is a veritable clearing house for real estate and properties of all kinds, and my whole energies are centered on finding people who want cash for their real estate or real estate for their cash. AND | DO FIND THEM My advertising each month brings me hun- dreds of inquiries from people who want to buy and sell. Inthe average business day, I sell more properties than many real estate brokers sell in six months. But before I can sell properties I must list them. I want to list yours and SELL IT. If you want to sell any kind of real estate in any part of the country, send me a brief description, including your lowest cash price. Upon receipt of the necessary infor- mation, I will write you fully and frankly, stating just what I can do for you and how and why I can do it. IF YOU WANT TO BUY any kind of a farm, home or business in any part of the country, tell me your requirements. I will guarantee to fill them promptly. ww. M. OSTRANDER 176 NORTH ASIERICAN BUILDING, PHILADELPHIA When you write, please mention ‘“‘The Cosmopolitan”

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THE OOSMOPOLITAN Past— " Paid Policyholders in 29 Years, Ninety- Two Million Dollars. Over 5 Million Dollars Given in Cash Dividends and Other Concessions not Stipulated in Policies. Paying Each Business Day an average Present— Paces $50,000 in ~ En- dowments, Claims, etc. F { r The Absolute Guarantee of Every Obli- uture— gation. Over 73 Million Dollars Reserve to Protect Policies. Over [3 Million Dollars Surplus to Policyholders. The PRUDENTIAL Will Do for You and Yours What it is Doing for Miliicns of Others. hg rx Issue a Policy at Low Cost, Pro= a ae viding Sound Protection and oan a igen Liberal Dividends, with Certainty Toc of Prompt Settlement. Te cf EF ra yee J |The Best in Life Insurance se For The Whole People. Write for Particulars, Dept. 47, The Prudential Insurance Co. of America Incorporated as a Stock Company by the State of New Jersey. JOHN F. DRYDEN, President. Home Office, NEWARK, N. J. When you write, please mention ‘“‘The Cosmopolitan”

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COSMOPOLITAN Malt-Nutrine Stimulates Invigorates Nourishes —naturally TRACE MARK. is rich in the nourishing—blood, bone and tissue-forming— principals of Food. It will revive your wearied Nerves and Body, and make you feel fresh and vigorous. A wine glass full with meals and upon retiring or oftener if required. You'll notice the improvement almost immediately. Malt-Nutrine is non-intoxicating. Sold by all druggists and grocers. Anheuser-Busch Brewing Ass’n, St. Louis, U.S.A. When you write, please mention ‘The Cosmopolitan”’ gEEE oO pix a kT

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For her exquisite complexion, Miss Adéle Ritchie—now playing “Lady Holyrood” in “Florodora” —makes emphatic acknowledgment to MilK Weed | Cream We offer you more proof than this—proof for your own face—a Free e Sample of. this same delicious, beneficial skin food—Milk Weed Cream—to which Miss Ritchie owes the magnificent condition of her face and hands. And, with it, we will send you, free, the Milk Weed Book of Beauty. For skin irritations and all facial blemishes, for chapped, dry or oily skin—let Milk Weed Cream prove its quick results. Miss RITCHIE writes: Pe « J use Milk Weed Cream—and must say that it is far and away the most delicious and beneficial skin food I have ever had the pleasure of using. It keeps the skin and complexion simply perfect. Milk Weed Cream is all right. “Very sincerely yours, Vd film At druggists—or by mail—A Two-Ounce jar of Milk Weed Cream §0c. Your sample is waiting for you—write for it at once. Mention the name of your st and we will also send an individ tooth brush holder, F' . F, F. INGRAM & CO. 40 Tenth Street Detroit, Mich. : , ” eres your free sam wie of Milk Weed Cream we will aha eae eal ey a as “ 7 Pre > # ay . a Seed Oe ae Ca eee ree — ’ aoe Seta aeiiiels Fae eae tihng “<a ee, ——— Se eG re Re 7 en eae send also—if you w fit add two cents for the extra on: Seon tie: the teeth as clear, clean and beautiful as Milk A Sample Tube of Z odenta = Weed | Cream will keep your skin. It is not like other paste— 4 no taste of soap or acid. Zodenta is a combination ofe leans- ng antiseptics. If you will we he Zodenta once we won't have to i @ further to conyince you of its merits. At istse—or b wall-e ounce colored t tube is without a label—the lettering is on net itself. m’t he confused by imitations] 25 cents From The Cosmopolitan Press

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of navy blue and red seer- sucker; collar edged with band of white pique and four rows of white braid, white embroidery on shield, white pique belt, Ages 2, 3 & 4 yrs., $2.88. OUR SPRING CATALOGUE containing nearly 2,000 de- scriptions and more than 1,000 illustrations of articles of use and wear embraced inthe gs Complete Outfitting of Boys, Girls and Babies. Sent on receipt of 4 cts. postage. We have no branch stores—no Address Dept. 4. 60-62 W. 23d St., =- = Start off best with a cup of steaming, in- vigorating Postum, and they end without the nervous depression that coffee brings to many. It gives the coffee pleasure in taste, with Postum benefits in results, and whete-there has been trouble, trouble, trouble from coffee drinking; a new con- dition of health and strength sets in. + There’s a reason ’’ for POSTUM NEW For a Shia prize _ Ora presentation. E make, on order, 14 kt. gold fountain pens mounted with emblems of any Society, Order or Club, appropriate for presenting to Retiring Officers or visiting Brothers of superior bodies, Useful, Beautiful, Lasting. qg Barnished with every. known és. . gree of pen nib, and to suit-all st of writing. Many exclusive deslgan for the élite trade. Further information, booklets and list of local dealers, fur- nished where requested. 33 33 L. E. Waterman Co., 173 Broadway, New York. CD PIANOS = o. Nianoin wv The enormous sales of this old English candy i int country as well as abroad have made it a great national candy. Mackintosh’s Toffee 4 has built up a reputation on its merits alone. The : lute purity and special flavor that characterize it is makes it so popular. Sold by all dealers. If hasn’t it, write me. r0-cent package by mail. Family Tin for $1.60. Try your dealer first. JOHN MACKINTOSH, Department 49, have been established rer. 50 YEARS. By ¢ eystem of enya! family in eaere ce: oo 78 Hudson St., New ¥ A ate aed

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