The Athenaeum 1855-01-06: Iss 1419

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355 35 455 tions 1082 in, 584 o Letter 2m, 348 eux, 430 on, 232; se, 1433 yes, 701 THE ATHENAUM Fournal of English and Foreign Literature, Science, and the Fine Arts. No. 1419. LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 6, 1855. PRICE POURPENCE Stamped Edition, $d, ING’S COLLEGE, LONDON.— MILITARY DEPART MENT. v This Department is intended :—1. For the Benefit of p m4 wie may be expecting COMMISSIONS in the ARMY, or d os intments - the Honourable EAST INDIA coMPANTS For the Junior Officers in those Serv Sen ef Instruction embraces— Latin, Ancient and Mo- dern History, English Literature and C French and German, Mathematics, Surveying, and Reconnoitring, Plon Drawing, Fortification, Manufacture o' ‘Ordnance, Combus- tibles, and Gannery, Construction of Field Works and Bridges ; Forms an Po gee roc —_ of Courts-Martial, Military Law, Cam-. pee ca CLASSES Baill RE-OPEN on WEDNESDAY, January as particulars upon all subjects connected with this Depart- ment may be obtained from the “— 3 College Calendar (which may be procured at the Secretar. ice, pI Post, 38.); or by application to tary Science ; or to J. W. Cu 2, price 2s. 6d., or sent by oe se ET Professor of Mili- unningham, oa 6 King’s College, Londo W. JBL, Le \ January, 1855. neipal. EOLOGY and MINERALOGY. — Om - VERSITY Coutees, LONDON.—Professor MOR PGS. will commence his COURSE on TUESDAY, the eth r. uary, at & quarter-past 4 o’clock, p.m. nes Course’ will consist of f from aa Ta five to Thirty Lectures, to be delivered on Tues- Teton , from 4-past 4 to }-past 5. Fee, 2. 23, 3 DE MURGAN, Dean of the ‘Faculty of Arts ties CHARLES’ C. ATKINSON, Secretary to the Council. 4th January, 1855. E ARCHITECTURAL EXHIBITION and COLLECTION of PATENTS, a or AC URES. &e. connected with ARCHITECTURE is NOW OPE the Gal- leries of the Society of British Artists, Suffolk. sont: “Pall Mall East,—Admission, One my Season Tickets, for Students and others desiring to come often, Half-a-Crown. Catalogues, Sixpence. ' a FERGUSSON, F.R.A.8. 2 Hon. ' AS. EDMESTON, Jun. Secs. USEUM OF PRACTICAL GEOLOGY.— Bie following COURSES of LECTURES are about to be Thirty: nix. Lectures on APPLIED ig ee che ge he A Professor Willis, F.R.S. commencing Wednesday, January 3. Thirty-six Lectures on cme pe by guage cL F.R.S. commencing Thursday, January 4, a’ Sixty Lectures on MINING, by Me Warthettn Smyth, M.A. commencing Monday, January 8, at 3 P.M. The Morning Lectures on CHEMISTRY, by Dr. Hofmann, F.R.8. will be resumed on the 8th, and the Evening Lectures on mg lote, of January. aber rae Re F.K.S. will be re-opened on the! ist, a the boratory, under the direction of Dr. Hofmann, on the 8th, of Janu ary. For further information apply to the Registrar, at the en Jermyn-street. OYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY. — The MEETINGS“of the Society will be henosteet held at the Society’s New House, No. 15, WHITEHALIL-PLA fa Member desire to introduce more than one Visitor to pes Meeting, he is requested to apply to the Secretary for a card of admission ; and Visitors are required to remain in the Library until the Chair is taken. The MAP ROOMS of the Society will be open to the Public from Eleven a.m. to Three p.m. daily, until farther notice. _15, Whitehall- place. ORTON SHAW, Secretary. YDE PARK COLLEGES for YOUNG LADIES, 31, Westbourne-terrac Visitor—The Right Hon. and Right Rev. the LORD BISHOP F LONI DON. President—The Right Hon. the EARL OF CARLISLE. Pupils must be introduced by the President, Vice-Presidents, Tati or Ladies Visitors JUNIOR DEPARTMENT.—The next Quarter will T. JOHN'S-WOOD PROPRIETARY COL- LEGIATE SCHOOL, me bt: 's Wood Par! Head-Master—The Rev. THOMAS MARKBY, M.A., ite Scholar ¢ lege Sehool. Cambridge, and “Classical Master in King’s ‘ollege Sc Second Master—H. DEIGHTON, Esq., M.A., Scholar of Queen’s College, Cambridge. The school is aaneeenee | by the proprietors subscribing 210. each, and - 4 the fees paid by the pupils. on poorer has the right of nominating one pupil at a time he sch The next qo commences on TUESDAY, January 16. T. MARY’S HALL, Nos. 5 and 6, St. Mary's ROAD, CAN URY. This Ladies’ College will RE-OPEN, January the er are yequseted, baneaunlys to return. e Sorrée will be held on TUESDAY, January 9, at six o’clock, at which the terminal Introductory SF to the *Papils will be delivered by the Rev. J. F. Dennam, a _F. Rector of St. Mary-le- Strand. INORTHOROPT, Principal. LAPHAM PARK SCHOOL, LONDON. Conducted by Mr. LONG. PUPILS are thoroughly PREPARED for the = SITIES, and for professional or rms, inclusive, Fifty and Sixty Guineas, according to age; Savenile department, Forty Guineas. — Prospectuses, reports, and references will be furnished on application. ADIES' COLLEGE, 47, BeprorD-SQUARE.— The LENT TERM will *COMMENCE on THURSDAY, the 11th of January, under the following Professors :— Biblical Literature—Rev. J. Baines, M.A., St. John’s Coll.,Oxford. Moral Philosophy— Ancient History—Gottfried Kinkel, Ph. D. Modern History—J. Langton sanford, eg Baa, of Lincoln's Inn, Mathematics—Rev. H. athematical Master in St. Peter’s College, leceiethen: Natural Philosophy—John Drew, Ph. D. Physical and Political Geography—Gottfried Kinkel, Ph. D. Latin—Kev. J. Baines M.A. English L t German Language =a Literature—Adolph Heimann, Ph. D., Professor of German in University Col lege, London. French Language and Literature—M. Ado! orp e Ragon. Italian Janeuvic =e —— alletta. Elocution—. Vocal Music— Protessor fiullah, of Kings College, London. Harmony—W. poe agen Esq. Drawing—F. 8. Car, Fine Art—Gottfried ikinnel, Ph. D., formerly Professor of Modern Peri gre aga of Fine Aris and Civilization in the Uni- versity 0! A Class is now vAoeming for Drawing from the Life, under the | Superintendence ~~ The JUNIOR SCHOOL will RE-OPEN on TUESDAY, the 9th of January. Particulars may be had on A application at the College. 8th, on which day Th UDLOW ROYAL FREE GRAMMAR | SCHOOL. Chartered by King Edward VI. Head Master—The Rev. James Banks, M.A., late Scholar of Lin. | coln College, Oxford. Second Master—Phili gone Esq. M.A., Exeter Coll., Oxford. Third Master—Mr. Henessey, late Senior Pupil-Teacher at Greenwich Hospital N aval Schools. French, German, and Italian Master— Mons. Deshormes. Lecturer in Physical Science—Mr. G@ Drawing Master—Mr. K. astin. Master of the Government Meseme. and Modelling School, Hereford. Head Master receives Boarders to Educate for the Univer- sition the Military and Civil Services, and the East India Com- pany’s aes; as well as for the Professions. nder 15 years of age, at 40 Guineas per annum, bd 15 = ditto, 50 Guineas 7 : Washing, 3 guineas bg annum, OYAL ACADEMY OF AxzTs. — Cc. R. COCKERELL, Esq. R.A., Professor of Architecture will deliver LECTURES on the EVENINGS of THURSDAY Jan. 11th, 18th, 25th, and Feb, 1st and 8th. UEENWOOD COLLEGE, near STOCK- BRIDGE, Hants. Prospectuses may be had on application to Gzorce Epmonpsoy, Principal. The first Session of 1855 will commence on the 25th o! anuary. RIGHTON.—A Married Clergyman, a Wrangler of Cambridge, and late Scholar of his College, who has had considerable experience in TUITION, receives a few BOARDERS to instruct in the usual subjects of a liberal Educa- tion, or to prepare immediately for the Army or the University. Ts incjoding French, 100 Guineas per annum. Address Rev. LJ..5 College-street, Briehton. OME EDUCATION.—The Wife ofa Surgeon, who has devoted much time and attention to the formation of the Female mind and character, ree to RECEIVEa YOUNG LADY ee 4 years of age, pa yt td with her Daughter, and to share man Governess who is mistress oft the French Tanguace ‘eas facility wil will be afforded for att: s 50 Guineas per annum. ‘The locality Pr pleasantly situated within oy TOX- imity of a s sallwar 9 about 50 Smallest from Town. Address E. H.W., , Lorn-t y-TO! OWESTOFT-BY-THE-SEA, SUFFOLK.— Christian Parents, desirous of securing for their Sons, in the above most healthy, ‘attractive, and enjoyable locality, a first- rate pouperetion for the Public Schools, Universities, faval or Military Colleg m parted, ed by a reah to the sons of gentlemen, bya Married 2 ek my ae by ar dent edger Graduate, with Foreign Masters for in conse uence of VAC FANCIES, to a} \- “4g a Prospectus; $0 Rev. K. Parkinson, M.A., Arnold House, Lowestoft; or to the = — CunnixanaM, Hon, Canon of Norwich, the Vicarage, owesto' LL CURRICULUM of EDUCATION for the Universities, Military Colleges, or any department of professional life, at - large Public School near town’ established Ly! nay ‘Terms for Boarders entering under twelve years of Address, Rev. K.8.T., Clerical Association, 36, South- po Na ay Strand. D*. LOVELL’S SCHOOL, Wiystow Hatt, oe PUPILS will RE-ASSEMBLE, after the pre- sent vacation, on the 2th of JANUARY. The course of tuition at this School i elude the Classical the remises. A = = i Tite pasyed cite* art: a last September, and h ave already} received Commissions.— All further particulars can be had on | to the Principal. E Rev. J. W. GREEN, COLLEGE, OXFORD, havi suceeded to th -— of a Collegiate School near London, desires BOARDERS to prepare for the Public Schools aud Universities, —Terms, above fifteen years of age, One Hundred Guineas per Annum ; above Ten, Seventy Guineas; under Ten, Sixty Guin cae = extra ree Rev. J. Ww. Green, Collegiate Schoo am berwe! ENERAL AND yo ty a TION. Tonge Rey. J. G. Principal of King William's Coll receives BOARDERS into the annum. Seven Pupils of this Institution sane 1” second class honours, two have —— Peony er and one | a , atthe in ear.—A clipper steamer direct to issues. Sea-bathing within pin the College grounds. M.A. of BaLiion ern L 1 guinea a quertet, Drawing, half: Practical Class i a on Monday, January 8, 1855. Trempectuses, with every information, may be obtained at the Colleg J. R. C. THOMSON, Secretary. ay of LON DON SCHOOL, Milk-street, eapsid Poel a by Act of Parliament, and under the Management of the Corporation of London. aster—The Key. GEO. F. ~ ee ee, D.D., of Queen’s College, O wate ara TERM (extending to Bester)» will COMMENCE on ESDAY souaey | -. The year is divided into three terms : te ee for each term The course of Paseioe includes the English, French, German, Latin and Greek Languages, Mathematics, Arithm etic. Writing, Bookkeeping, Geography. Fi istory, Drawing, ad Elements of Chemistry and Natura! Philosophy, and Vocal Music. Besides Eight Free 4? on the foundation, equivalent to 35. per annum each, and available as exhibitions to the Uni- versities, there are the following exhibitions ge ioe to the he Travers e es” Beholavshie of 20 per annum ; and the Tegg and the ey Jones Scholar- yes of about g0l, per annum each ; and several other valuable Yersons desirous of obtaining admission for their'sons may foure ig ey and Forms of Application for the purpose at A€ Schooi, between the hours of Ten and Four. Two of the Masters receive boarders. THOM rs BREWER, Secretary. Epucation IN GERMANY.—UNIVER- SITY of JENA.—-EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISH MENT, iy ~ by Dr. STAY, Professor in the University of Jen: The Private on i pacious and comfortable Dulldine. with ample grounds tached to it, is in the immediate vicinity of the University town. The Tuition extends to the C os Natural Sciences, Modern uages, Gymnastic Exercises, 7 &c. The University affords every opportantan for the acquirement of such other accom’ nplishmente as may be d Pop upils are received from Six years upwards. ‘Terms, 70U. a year, my ver the -— ae extra charges. Biol eren pply to Messrs. Siordet & M be terfoht, Frost ry Co. Live: Fa ‘hunk, Souchay & Co. Man Tihling & Gischen, London, “toes London ; 1; Zwilchenbart & tm Ldverpool ; ester ; Eissen & Miller, Liverpool ; 15a. per half-year. Fete half Sear on and Navigation. Parents, who prefer it, may pay inclusive terms, viz , 48 guineas and 58 guineas, pees | ve age, covering every charge except books and medical atten There are several excellent. Exhibitions to Oxford, Cambridge, and Durham, DAY BOYS, whose Parents reside in, or within 10 miles of, Ludlow, are free on poms of 3. per annum, to the ordinary teaching of the Schoo TE ODDESDON SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL, Hoddesdon, Herts.—This SCHOOL has been established on the largest scale of efficiency, and will be found complete in every department. The object is to provide a course of Instruction, practical in its character, less costly, s and —— to the require- ments of the age. Parents y invited to inspect the arrangements, the next forma, ; eommmneneliix 23rd of January. Address, Head Master, Hoddesdon School, Herts. on the entific NORTHUMBERLAND COLLEGE FOR LADIES, . 42, CRAVEN-STREET, STRAND. SUPERINTENDED by MRS. LOUIS WATSON. Visitor—The Rev. Henry Lae tay M.A., Vicar of St. Martin- in- ields. LENT TERM will COMME N oH on THURSDAY, January 18, 1855, under the following Professors :— Algebra, Geometry, and Arithmetic—Alfred D. Sprangeed — iy ganda Rev. Sydney Clarke, M.A., St. John’s eS. ambridge, Botany ———— Dancing and Exercises—Mons. Coulon. Drawing: Figure ; Landscape and Perspective—H. Wiche- low, Esq. and A, Peletier, Esq. Elocution—Alexander Bell, Esq. English Grammar and Composition, and Pedic Language and Literature—Alfred D, Sprange, Esq. M.A. French— Mons. Tourrier. Geography—Charles Galbreith, Esq. German—Rev. A. Lo oa Harmony and Composition—H. C. Lunn, Esq. R.A. Music. History (Ancient and Modern)—Rev. A. G. Edouart, M.A., St. ohn’s a Cambridge. Italian—Signor Maggioni KA. Music. Latin and Natural Philosophy — Rev. J. K. Jennings, M.A., Queen’s College, Cambridge. Pianoforte—Cipriani Potter. “rea. Principal R.A. Music, and 1. Cc. Lunn, Esq., Music Singing—F. R. Cox, fésq., R.A. Music. 8: vente y be obtained on application at the above address, x “SUNIOR Lass is OPEN at the Coll There is a VACANCY for THREE BOARDERS. Pupils are received at the Half Term. INDOWED GRAMMAR SCHOOL for the SONS of GENTLEMEN of limited income exclusively.— Board, a separate , and superior eduction, including Books and Stationery, are provided at a cost to the friends of 25 Guineas sanuaily. Three vacancies the ensuing election. Applications to be addressed Head Master, Mr. Law’s, 131, Fleet-street. A LADY, of many years’ experience in PRI- VATE TUITION, and who has completed the education he her pupils in several families, being. Boe ut to leave her = preve situation, is desirous of meeting with another ENGAGE nT She teaches all the branches of a solid English Education, French don the C I the Piano (being a pupil of Benedict), Guitar, Singing, and Drawing in various styles. The references are Enexneuen oe A liberal salary required. — Address to A. P. 5., Post-office, Stourport, Worcestershire. E GOVERNESSE®S’ INSTITUTION, >. Soho-square.—Mrs. WAGHORN, who bas resided m years abroad, ctfully invites the attention ~ the Nobility, pals of Schools to her Register of riONS) an 8S, TEACHERS, emg and PRUFE8SO School Property transferr upils introduced in England, France,and Germany. No rincipals. > HEALTH,—GYMNASTICS. #: CHIOSSO (and Son), Professor of Gymnast College School,—123, Oxford-street, near Ri irs BROAD-SWORD EXERCISE, pas ESSONS, and CLASSES —Alsoat oot, University. University . Ba atalichinen, hg a RAsTICS: price 6 sal coln College, wd gh 3 __idré pasyed tae ne LONDON GYMNASIUM.—Capt. © ame ical and all other studies , nd 6 ‘German Goalstante ane _ bar) Tir rw bs , he }*

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2 = THE ATHENAUM CJ an. 6,55 1 PARENTS and GUARDIANS.—A ME- DICAL MAN, long established in private practice at the ‘West-end of London, has a VACANCY for a GE NTL EM: ANLY PUPIL, who will have unusual advant. ages, with prospect of part- nership. Address F. R.8., care of Bridge & Co, Chemists, Regent- circus, Oxford-street. HIGH TT EDINBURGH. ; DE: L. SCHMITZ, Rector of the High School of Edinburgh, has accommodation for a few additional Boarlers attending the School under his direction. | J ADIES’ COLLEGE, the W codlands, Union- road, C Daahhe am Rise. The Session will commence on MONDAY, January 15th, when the Classes will be formed for Frenc’ rman, [talian, History, a Literature, Drawing, Sing &e. n THURSDAY, January 18, at half past 2 o'clock, a Lecture will be given on the Italian Language and Literature, with Read- ings from Metastasio and Tasso, by SIGNOR GAKOFOLINI TUESDAY, apperatd = at half-past 2 o'clock, Dr. LANKESTER will resume is Lectu On FRIDA i dennarye 26, at half-past2 o’clock, a Lecture on Reading—an Art— an Accomplishment ; with Lllustrationus from Shakspeare, Milton, Cowper, Leveson Gower, Bulwer, Hood, Addison, By JAMES HARRIS, Esq. THURSDAY, February 2nd, at half-past 2 o'clock, Dr. LE- THEBY will continue his course of Lectures fe een Young Ladies are received as bo arders. The Woodiands, January, 1855. HE ST. JAMES’S LITERARY SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTION, 15, CLIFFORD-STREET, Bond-street. The following LECTURES will be delivered during the 1855: F.R.S., AND 5290 2 Tuesday, Jan. 9) Robert Hunt, Es Tuesday, Jan. 16/ On Photogr: > Tuesday, Jan. 30)2F. G. Netherclift, Esq. On Madrigals and Monday, Feb. at Glees, illustrated by an efficient Choir. tures will be delivered at Willis’s Rooms, King . On Food and its or y, ty On Inst inct and Reason. Tuesday, Feb. 27—J. Bennett, E .R.A.S., On the Mechanism and Constr uctio om of aW atch. aoe y, March 13) R. , Hulme, y, March 20) BC Fee March 27—Rev. and E eleg Wednesday, April 7—J. n So! and Song Writers, Tuesday, April 10—E. Lan 1. , On the Water supplied to Inhs nabite ants of the Metrop olis, Tuesday, April 17—W. Locke, Esq., On the Dens of London. Non-Members admitted on payment of 1s. each. The ST. JAMES’S AMATEUR CHESS CLUB mee Evening at 7 o'clock. Consultative Games on Wednesday and Saturday Evenings, when each member can introduce a friend. Classes are formed for general Instruction. Annual Subscriptions, 17. 6s. Ladies, ids. 6d. E YDE HOUSE SCHOOL, Winchester. — Dr. BEHR, assisted by Graduates fro om the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, and Foreign Masters fall; of whom are resident with res undertakes the EDUC ATIV of a limited number of PU PII 1e Sons of } me jeutlemen, with a view to prepare them for the P : Nevalandl Military lleges, or any of the varions Pri i fem of instruction incl des . The CL: ASSIC S and 1A'TICS—in which the r Swill be thorou thy well » Sa Pry to the most DY »ved methods. The LANGUAGES 3 id for the acquis ition of wh afforded. 3. The USU: ‘L ATION—all, or a prominent in ‘the plan of a med des irable ies we oe lar instance. ORTLPIC ertoN DRAWING, FEN oh and MILITAR Y tr AC TICS—in wh hich the Military es regular instruction. The. Establishment is divided haved an Upper and a Lower School. Pupils, in the latter divisic e thus kept separate from their seniors, both in the hours of str ae and recreation. References may be made to th ents of Pupils nd mee rs, including several Noblemen, taries of the Church, and indi- viduals o f hich standing in soci Ter:ns :—If under 12 years of age, 50 Guineas per annum; above that Age, 60 Guineas. No Extras whatever, except Books and Medic! attendance, A Quarter’s notice must be given in case of a Pupil being removed from the School, CHOOL ASSIST. ‘AN’ TS, duly "qualified, in search of oapenente: either in 7 adies’ or Gen tlemen’ 8 Esta- blishments, are invited to Register their Names, Qualifications, and References, in person, at Messrs. RELFE, Brotur RS, ‘School Booksellers and Stationers, 150, sgate-street. London. ese Registers are opened Half-yearly, for One M onth, from the 16th of December and June. No charge is made, the object being Lo provide Messrs. R.’s connexion with Assistants of ability and worth.—Office hours 1v to 4 o'clock. School Stationery, and every requisite for School and College use are supplied by R. B. on the most liberal terms. PROFESSIONAL PIANOFORTISTS requiring a good Instrument, well adapted for Concerts, a Broadwood’s 6} Octave Grand Pianoforte, cost 120 Guineas ; rich poweiful tone, patent harmonic sounding-bars, hs andsome solid rosewood case. Price 20 Guincas.—23, Hemingford Villas, Barns- bury Park, + ‘ . EADING and ACTION.—Mr. CHARLES W. SMITH continues to give PRIVATE LESSONS, Ex- tract from Testimonial :—* I soon learned to appreciate the faculty you possess for infusing into others the power you have over the Voice in its pitch, and all its varied modulations, and which, all must admit, gives a man, in his communication with the world, a greatin fluence over others. —Terms, 5s. a Lesson. —Smith’ s* Hints on El cution’ sent, post free, for fourteen stamps. “ Materials for years of reflection.” Leader.—* Common Blunders made in Speaking and Writing’ post free for five stamps. “It ought to be on every table.” Britannia.—Address Mr. Suitu, Buckingham Chambers, 11, Buckingham-street, Strand. ANTED. —A PARTNER, with a , Capital 10,0002, to 30,0002., for an old-established SUGAR-RE- FINING TRUSTS ESS in Liverpool. The premises are in all respects adapted for carrying on a most extensive business, the fp me coped and Utensils being of the best description. A most desivable opportunity now presents itself for entering the trade, — Apply to Joun Vickrss & Sons, on the Premises, Blackstock- street Liverpool. Electro-Magnetism $8 every in 4 e m¢ ore or \ R. GRIFFITH specially PREPARES for B UNIVERSITIES, Public Schools, Professions, and Gene- ral Avoe: ations —Redlands, near Bristol. N INERALS, SHELLS AND FOSSILS.— B A very extensive Assortment of the above has fos been received by MR. TENNANT, GEOLOGIST, 149, STRAND, LON DON.—Mr. Tesnant arranges Elementary © = at 2. 5, 10, 20, 50, to 100 Guineas a h, wate will greatly facilitate the interesting study of Mine = logy, Conchology, and Geo wie He also gives PRIVATE INSTRUCTION in MINERAL GY and GEOLOGY at 149, Strand. -| (BN NAMENTS for the DRAWING-ROOM, LIBRARY, and DINING-ROOM., consisting of a new and elegant Ass: ortment of Vases, Figures. Groups, Candlesticks, Obe- lisks, Inkstands, beautiful Inlaid Tables, Paper-weights, &c., in {talian Alabaster, Marble, Bronze, Derbyshire Spar, &c. — Im- ported and manufactured by James Tennant (late Mawe), 149, Strand, London. SYNOPSIS of the EDIBLE FISHES at the : CAPE of GOOD HOPE, by L. PAPPE, M.D., Cape Town. rice 1s. London: Algar & Street, Colonial Newspaper Agents, 11, Cle- ments-lane, Lombard-street. LIFE OF DR. CHALMERS.—CHEAP ISSUE. OTICE TO THE TRADE.—The Publishers ~ will discontinue supplying the above Work in Parts and Numbers on and after 31st March, 1855. t. diuburgh: Thomas Constable & Co. ams & Co. London: Hamilton, OME EDUCATION for BOYS.—A Phy. sician (Fellow of the London —- of Physicians, and a Graduate of Cambridge). residing at the Sea-side, is desirous of meeting with ONB or TWO BOYS, mae would share with his own sons, aged twelve and ten years, the adv. MiP yim of an excel- lent Resident Tutor. As special eon would be paid to comfort, health, and physical education of the children placed under his care, this is worthy the notice of the parents of boys whose health may require particular supervision. References, if required, can be given to some of the most eminent Physicians in London. Terms, 100 Guineas per annum.—Address M.D., care of Messrs. T, & W. Boone, Booksellers, 29, New Bond-street. M*, B. H. SMART, —wemsore, of Connanght- terrace, now of 37, Wy ndham-stree iton-sq' acquaints his friends that he CONTINUES to siNeT RO kUCT clerical and other PUPILS in ELOCUTION , to meet Classes in Families -~ es for FE natiaie generally, and to engage for Public Read- ings an ctu RMO N D CLUB, Great Ormond -street,. Bloomsbury. — Gentlemen desiring the convenience of a CLUB in this locality, at a moderate subscription, may obtain all necessary information, as to the mode of admission, &c., by Lear sr application, or by letter addressed to the Secretary at the Club House AS PRIVATE SECRETARY to a Nobleman or Gentleman, or as Secretary to an Institution.—The Ad- vertiser, age 28, who holds a responsible Government Appoint- ment, being at liberty early in the afternoon, is desirous ofan ENGAG EMENT in either of the above capacities. He has acted as Private Secretary toa late Diplomatist, has received a Classical education, | understands French, German, aud Spanish, is well Peow SCHOOL.—LAND TO BE LET, for BUILDING, close to the School, where Kesidents have the privilege of the wy ot anndation for their Sons. Terms very mode- rate. Address F, C. ; 11, Berners-street, Oxford- street. 4{LOCUTION and ENGLISH LITERATURE. -A Clergyman, well versed in the above branches of Educa- tion, GIV ES LESSUNS in private families, in schools, and at his own a —Apply to or address Rey. K. B. 34, Keppel-street, ussell-square. - xT + MO NOBLEMEN, GENTLEMEN, and DIRECTORS of PUBLIC INSTITUTLONS.—The Adver- tiser, who is of active habits and well connected, and who has been engaged for many years in a position of Bee ‘and not wholly dependent, is desirous of an ENGAGEMENT as LIBRARIAN, SECRETARY, or other occupation where he would be usefully employed. ighly satisfactory references can be given, and secu- rity, if required. Address to J. B, Park-square East, Regent’s ar {ERMAN LITERATURE.—A Gentleman KN who gives German Instructions in a Public School would be glad to meet with a SCHOUL or PRIVATE PUPILS, either in Town or in a Country, to attend upon reasonable terms.— A Address A.B . Bishopsgate-street Within. “Married Medical Man, retired from practice, and residingin a healthy Village in Surrey, within an hour's distance from Town by railway and ten minutes’ walk from a station, RECEIVES a single INVALID PATIENT.—For Terms, Address, and References, apply to Mr. New BY, Publisher, 30, We ol be sek: street, Cavendish-square. as FORBES MEMORIAL. Ata Meeting of the Friends of the late Professor EDWARD Fron BEs, held on the 9th of December, 1854, it was Resolved,— . That there shall be a Memorial, in connexion with the Museum of Practical Geology, commemorative of the eminent abilities and a4 social qualities of the late Professor ED- WARD FORBES 2. That for this purpose a subscription be at once instituted. . That a Committee, consisting of the following gentlemen, be appointed to carry out the objects of the Meeting :— Robe ert Godwin Austen, Esq. F.R.S. Secretary Geological Society, Chilworth Manor, Guildford. Sir Henry T. De la Beche, F.R.S., Director of the Geological Sur- vey of Great Britain, / Jermyn: street. Leonard Horner, Esq. F.R.S., 17, Queen’s-road West, Regent’s >a Th mas identy i Esq. F.R.S., Government School of Mines, erm) yest Sir c harle Lyell, tER .S., 53, Harley-street. Robert Gordon Latham, M.D. F. R.S., 29, Upper Southwick-street, Hyde Park. Sir Roderick Impey Murchison, F.R.S., 16, Belgrave-square. Richard Sem LL.D. F.R.S., Royal College of Surgeons, Lincoln’s nn- as. Willis lam Sharpey, M.D. Sec. R.S., 31, Gloucester-crescent, Regent’s WwW illiam Smith, LL.D., 31, Regent’s Villas, Avenue-road. Treasurer—Leonard Horner, Esq. Secretary—T. H. Huxley, Esq. The Committee having twice met, has eokved that the Memo- rial shall consist of an Annual Medai, bearing the effigy of Edward ‘orbes, with a Prize of Books, to be awarded to the most distin- guished Student of Natural History in the Government School of Mines; and also of a Marble Bust of that eminent Naturalist, to be placed in the Hall of the Museum of Practical Geology. Subscriptions will be received by any Member of the Committee, or may be paid to the acc ount of the Treasurer, at Messrs. Coutts & Co. 59, Strand. 10MAS H. HUXLEY, Secretary. List of Subscribers. T. H. Ansted, ce Robert, Hunt, resid F.R.S.. $3 § RS. vet $3 W. H. Baily, "Esq.. 1 R. Hutton, “Esq.. The Kev. J John Barlow, ae H. Huxley, “Esa. 8. 3 Hen T. Blandford, Major James, RE. . , Dr. Bence Jones, F. RS. R ‘Bone, Esq. Cc. J. C. Bunbury, The Ri ght Hon c ardwell Presidentof the Board of Trade) H. Cuming, Esq Si ng J T, Sir R. R.S.. F. ~ awawoa care Sir Charles Lyell, F. R. 8. —— Mac. eennemy Richard “Meade, Esq. *: Murchison, Beche, 101 a x. hee 9 “Dilke, he “ii "Right Hon. ma ” toc whee wS On _ ~ ~ wo DieKYrK wo CHM CHeAKMOS CW | Professor Owen, F.R. 8. 0| Joseph Prestwich, —_ o ° | prenbam i Reek 3, Esq. Dr. arpeyS °| Dr. William Smith . 0! r. Thomas Thomson, no D. Dyster, ‘Esa. Dr I " James Gardiner, Bes.- Dr. Hofmann, F.R.S. Dr. Hooker, x Leonard Horner, BIB... cc cececeee 0) H.E.LC. 0| Prof. Tyn fall. F. RS. 0| Messrs. Willa: | No 0} eo eco ecco So ao seoscosso ¢ to ON R ROR oO mo Chee ex in Corr d ‘and Accounts, and is prepared with satisfactory references as to competency and respectability. — Address, G. H., Post-office, Stockwell Green. HE PROVINCIAL PRESS.—A GENTLEMAN, who has been long honourably connected with the Press, ag Editor and otherwise, and whose present engagements in London afford him the means of nee the best a on all — —_eo would be glad to furnish LEADERS, or a LY LETTER, toa Peostaatal Journal of Liberal politica, on ‘moderate terms.—Address Sicma, Tidd’s Library, 57, Goswell- road. © PICTURE COLLECTORS and AMA- TEU RS.—PICTURES by the OLD MASTERS HISTORI- CALLY TRACED, through Works connected with the Fine Arts, bya FOREIGN CONNOISSEUR, who has an extensive Collection of Prints and Books, on, or illustrative of, the Fine Arts, at his disposal, as well as Catalogues of the most eget Sales of Pictures that have taken place here and abroad since 1 COLLECTIONS CATALOGUED and CLASSIF LED with the greatest reer Ww! ane = ee e proper Ss Schools and Masters. THE SALB of F ASS PICTURES advantageously effected, and Wonks. aS Bie OLD MASTERS restored rt one of the most skilful Artists of the day in that branch of the A he highest references given. Aw" *Ama.tri,” care of Mr. Dolby, 56, Quadrant, Regent- stree HRISTMAS PRESENTS.—Ta.iant & ALLEN solicit an INSPECTION of their WELL- SELECTED STOCK of NEW and ATTRACTIVE BOOKS, suitable for the Present ‘Season.—al, _Warwick-square, Paternoster-row. T° the EDITOR of the ATHENEUM. Sir,—_As you thought proper to insert in your advertising columns a very scurrilous attack on me, it may be that I ought to take some notice of it through the same channel. The facts between Mr. Outrim and myself are these :—In the Art-Journal for December the series of the “* Vernon Gallery” was brought to a close, excepting one plate. I was compelled to issue the number without this plate, and to promise it as an extra plate in some future number. It was necessary for me to account for the omission, and I did so in the following words “Tt is only just that the blame should rest w vith the party who has committed the offence, We ae this picture—‘ The Vintage in the South of France’—in the hands of Mr. J. Outrim, engraver, on the 29th of September, 1851; and by his signed agreement he was bound, under a ponalsye: to deliver it finished, ‘executed -in the best manner of which he is yr engi on the 3ist of July 1852, (ten months). Mr. Outrim has thus exceeded the term agreed upon by about two years and four months. We have used every available means to induce him to finish or to relinquish the plate —in vain. His pledges and promises, frequently made, have as frequently broken; and he has succeeded in placing us ina very embarrassing position iy compelling us to issue the Part without this engraving.” As Mr. Outrim has thought fit to deny that he was “under a penalty,” I subjoin a copy of the printed agreement which he signed :— “*T hereby ae to engrave, for the jeer maty of the Art- Journal a steel plate, in the line manner, the subject of which is ‘ Vintage in the Claret Vineyards,’ after Uwins; the size of the engravin to be — inches by — inches; to be executed in the best manner 0 which I am capable, and to be done to the entire satisfaction of the said proprietors, and subject to the approval of the artist ap- rane by them for its revision, for the sum of one hundred an ineas; one third to be paid on delivery of an approved cient, and the remainder on approval and delivery of the plate. I further engage to complete and deliver the same, with the drawing, sketch, or Print, uninjured, on or before the 31st day of July, 1852; or to forfeit the sum of five pounds per month 80 long as retain it in my possession beyond the stipulated date for delivery. Dated this 29th day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and a, one. ‘ Signed) J. OvTRiM. What was inserted in the Art- dence for December was all I considered it necessary to say in explanation ; it was needless to comment upon a course of conduct on the part of Mr. Outrim to which I have been exponed only in common with all other persons who have employed h I have at oe Fh in obtaining the plate, by paying Mr yi ine for work not done, and it is nowin the hands of Mr. Stocks, A. , to be finished by that gentleman. “a To aiabene untrue statementsand absurd insinuations contain in Mr. Outrim’s letter, which ry publish, I do not condescend t reply. I should be Leg qualified for the position I occupy if If it necessary to do § Many years ago T} ve Mr. Outrim the first engagement he ever had,—to engrave a plate for the Amulet, for which I paid him the sum of Forty Guineas. The for the plate for the “Vernon Gallery” is for the om. of One Hundred ind Ten Gutnenes inva tebe Aatioed intone to During the last twenty-five years L age gery the ward employ nearly every engraver By celebrity in L, and I lieve each thus emp = three or four plates. At the present moment, I have the e aid of no fewer than thi: ty engravers, all eminent in their profession. the I now have also the advantage of assistance from twelve of beers —— of France, Belgium, and Germany :—this is sufficient comment pos mn Outrim’ 's stupid utterly “false statements of” Ee shill ings s ae a r obedient ant, THE EDITOR OF THE E ART-JOURNAL January 3, 1855, Se a eae eee ee S ©

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olitics, oswell- MA- TORI- .LLEN SCTED for the jUM. rtising ught to -In the ry” was to issue ra plate for the hich he Journal r of our PRIM.” as all I diess to itrim to persons ‘ing Mr . Stocks + ntained scend to if I felt N° 1419) THE ATHENAZUM 3 ONVERSAZIONE.—To SECRETARIES.— The Advertiser has a very interesting OPTICAL INVEN- TION, which he would be happy to exhibit at any Conversazione or numerously-attended Soirée, in Town or Country. The ex- hibition would in all cases be FREE, as the Advertiser wishes to make the invention generally known. Secretaries, and others wishing to secure the oxpibitee er their meetings, are requested to send particulars to T. H. 3, Bayham-place, King-street, Camden Town. ENGRAVINGS AND ETCHINGS. LOVE informs the ADMIRERS of FINE OLD ENGRAVINGS, he has ON SALE a most_exten- sive and valuable Collection of A NCLENT. ENGRAVINGS, selected from the most important Public and Private Col- tions. es ‘art III. is now ready (and will be forwarded for two postage gtamps), containing Engravings by and after Co io, Goltzius, Porporati, Mare-Antonio, Rubens, Vorsterman, Bolswert, Paul- Pontius, Suyderhoef, &c. Grorce Love, 81, Bunhill-row, London. __*x* Established above fifty years. p° YOU WANTaLONDON NEWSPAPER? If so, send your Name and Address, with a Quarter’s Sub- corie es a Daily Paper, 328. 6d.; Weekly Sixpenny Paper, Weekly Threepenny Paper, 3s. 3d..—to JOHN HOLDING WoubL EY, 30, Fore-street, City, London.—N.B. Single Papers sent in return for stamps. Woodley’s Pocket Almanac for 1855 sent post free for one stamp. Now ready, gratis and postfree, LIST of NEW WORKS and: ‘NEW EDI- TIONS recently added to MUDIE’S SELECT LIBRARY; ALSO, A\LIST of SURPLUS COPIES of recent Works withdrawn from Cirvulation, and offered to Conntry Librarians and others, at greatly reduced prices for cash, CuargLes Epwarp Mupie, 510, New Oxford-street. HE GRESHAM LIBRARY supplies FAMILIES, in Town or Country, withevery NEW BOOK — interest, in addition to the Standard ion of 60,000 Volumes. Single Subscription, Sar Guinea per annum; Family ditto, Two Guineas and upwards.—A Prospectus, free by post, on application to ALFRED Smita, 102, Cheapside. HE EXHIBITION of PHOTOGRAPHS, by the most eminent English and Continental Artists, is OPEN DAILY from Ten till Five. Free Admission A Portrait by Mr. Talbot’s Patent Process, One Guinea; additional Copies (each), Five Shillings. A Coloured Portrait, highly finished, Five Guineas. Miniatures, Oil- -Paintings, Water-Colour, and Chalk Drawings Photographed and Colouredin imitation of the Originals. Views of Country Mansions, Churches, &c. taken at a short notice. Cameras, Lenses, and all the necessary Photographic Apparatus and Chemicals are "supplied, tested an rantee Gratuitous Instruction is given to Purchasers of Sets of Appa- ratus. Photographic Institution, 168, New Bond-street. AYALL’S PORTRAIT GALLERIES, 224, REGENT-STREET, Corner of Argyll-plac: DAGUERREOTYPE and — MINIATURES in the highest style of Art taken dai! “Mr. Mayall has proved his + over the art by producing photographic portraits of the full size of life * * without the slightest sacrifice of definition, or the smallest approach to distor- tion;—indeed, the errors and peculiarities of former impressions appear to be corrected.”— Atheneum, July 854. “Mr. Mayall’s portraits represent the high art of the daguerre- otype : they areas superior to the generality of such pictures as a delicate engraving is to a coarse woodcut.”—Art-Journal, Nov. 1853. “More pleasing, and far more accurate than the generality of such pictures.”— Times, July 17, 1854. HELLS, &.—R. DAMON, of Weymovrs, Dorset, supplies Collections of fine Specimens of BRITISH SAELLS, correctly ee 100 Species, containing several of each, 2. 128. 6d.'; 200 ditto, ; 300 ditto, 122 1 Inferior’ Fe am at halt the above prices. Printed list sent on ei Specimens forwarded by oh a leg Git ng BRITISH SHELLS—Improved Dredges for col- ec cing e pen at ae SUITE isn? = and ype 18, recently named, from W Africa. 30 Spectr BRITISH FUSSILS- Sauriantemelae Pen —f.4. - 1 Fish—Shells, &c., characteristicof the Blue Lias and other Oolitic Lists of recent Shells, British and Foreign, for labelli . ng per 100. Also Labels for British Fossil Shells, with their ORTH BRITISH REVIEW, No. XLIV.— —The latest day for receivi) CT ae and BILLS in London will be THURSDAY, the 18th instant. London: Hamilton, Adams & Co. Edinburgh : w P. Kennedy. OSEPH | LEONARD, AUCTIONEER, , Boston, UN ATES. —Consignments of BUOKS, PAINT- INGS, ENGRAVINGS. or other Property respectfully solicited. JOSEPH LEONARD. R. BROWN & J. MACINDOE, Auctioneers e of FINE Ant LITERARY and other Property, 6, QU EEN- -STREET, GLASGOW. .. of Pictures, Articles of Virti, Books, Decorative Furniture, &c. will have the advantage of an established and most extensive first-class connexion. Season commences Ist October ; ends ; 31st — gales by @uetion. The Collection of Choice Etchings and Engravings of PETER FINCH, Esq. deceased. Y Messrs. CHRISTIE & MANSON, at their Great "4 King-street, St. ee -square, on THURS- DAY, February 15, at 1 o'clock prec isely, ry SMALL COLLEC- TION of cHolc E ETCHINGS and ENG RAVENGS of the late PETER FINCH, Esq., of Norwich, comprising fine impressions of the Works of a. Diver, L. V. Ley den, Hollar, Visscher, Rem- brandt, Ostade, Berghem, Ruysdael, Pontius, Moyreau, Le Bas, Longhi, Desnoyers, Wille, and Strange. Also, fine India proofs before letters of the Assumption, after Guido, by Watt; La Vierge au Rosaire, by Bridoux, oe others, after Sir Edwin Landseer.— the Property of a Gentlem: May beviewed we days preceding, and Catalogues had. The Ber nal Collection. MESSES. CHRISTIE & MANSON respect- fuily give notice, that they will SELL by AUCTION, by order of the Executors, at the Mansion, No. 93, Eaton-square. on MONDAY, March 5, and extending over 32 days, the very CELE- BRATED COLLECTION of WORKS of ART, extending from the Byzantine period to that of Louis Seize, for med by that distin- — virtuoso, RALPH BERNAL, Esq. deceased. As a very rief analysis of this wonderful Collection may be mentioned above 600 English and Forei Historical Portraits and Minia- tures, rich in the works of Holbein, Janet, Coello, Petitot, Cooper, and Zincke, the English series commencing with an authentic Portrait of Edward the Fourth ; some very interesting early Ger- man and Flemish Cabinet Pictures, and a beautiful small work of Fra Angelico da Fiesole; 400 specimens of Faenza and Palissy Ware, above 100 pieces of Limoges Enamel, a highly interesting collection of Byzantine and Gothic Metal Work, including very beautiful examples of ecclesiastical silver plate, and Italian, Ger- man, and English ornamental table plate. The Collection of Armour and Arms number 500 pieces, including five complete cap- a-pie suits. The Cabinet of Venetian and German Glass, Cologne and Gris de Flandres Ware, is most extensive and of rare interest. The Porcelain includes some of the finest works of the Oriental, Dresden, and Sévres manufacture of the best periods, comprising 15 superb Sevres Vases of the highest quality, a large assemblage of beautiful Dresden and Enamel Snuff-boxes, above 100 Watches of the 16th and 17th centuries, rare and beautiful Carvings in Ivory and Wood, Jewels and Trinkets. Also, the superb decora- tive Furniture of the mansion, in rich boule and marqueterie, and a portion of the service of handsome modern Plate. Due notice of the publication of the Illustrated Catalogue, price 8s., will be given. The very Choice Collection = of S. M. MAWSON, ESSRS. CHRISTIE. & MANSON respect- fully give motion. that they-will SELL by ens at their Great Koom, 8, Kivg-street, St. James’s-square, on SA TUR- =» AY rad, 26. at t I precisely. the Collection of Capital PICTURES of M. MAW SON, Esq. Nearly the whole of this Collection ig unknown in iis Country, , having worth imported by the present om it 1 be sold without amy re- serve, Mr. (sassis a retired ao business. May be viewed two days preceding, and Catalog had. To Entomologists, R. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC- TION, at his Great Room, 38, King-street, Coren ~garden, on MONDAY, January 8, and following day, at 12 for 1 o'clock the Collection of CHU (CE BRITISH L. PIDOPTE RE formed by a Gentleman who is giving up the study on account of ill bealth, contained in a well made Mahogany Vabinet ef forty drawers, and comprise many rarities mostly in the best condition. ne the Collection of British and Foreign Insects of the late Abel’ Ingpen, Esq., A.1.8., and the Cabinets of Geodephagus Coleoptera of the ‘igivest order, of a well-known Collector. May be viewed on Saturday and mornings of Sale,and Cata- logues had of Mr. J. C. Stevens, 38, King-street, Covent-garden, by inclosing t) two postage stamps. M iscellaneous Collection. [®. J. C. STEVENS will worn by AUC- asOR. at his Great Room, ?8, King-street, Covent-garden, on FRIDAY, January 12,0 COLLECTION of SHELLS, MINE: RALS, POssiLs. and other Objects of Natural History, a few Scientific Books, ‘Paintings, Models, Objects for the Microscope, Curiosities, and a variety of Miscellaneous Articles. May be viewed on the ay prior and Morning of Sale, and Cata- logues had. To Printers, Musiesellers, §c. Me. L. A. LEWIS will SELL, by order of the Assignees of Mr. Cross, South Hackney, at No. 1, One Bell Yard, Strand, near Newcastle rare on MONDAY, January 8, the CONTENTS of a PRINTING-OF FICE, comprising one Ton ‘and a Half of Type, from Two-line Great Primer to Nonpareil, and Ruby, Pearl-Diamond, and Gem Modern Music Type, Frames, Case-racks, Iron Lmposing Surface, Imposing Stone, Chases, Gas Fittings, Super-royal Columbian aud Royal Stanhope Presses, Powerful Standing Press, Lron Cylinder oe Table, Rollers, &c. o be viewed, and Catalogues had of Mr. L. A. Lewis, 125, Fleet-street, Books, Copper and Stereotype Plates, Bookbinders’ Cloth, Standing Press, § R. L. A. LEWIS will SELL, at his House, 125, Fleet-street, on THURSDAY, January ll, and two fol- fowing — a Miscellaneous Collection of Book 8, including Ency- clopedia Britannica, 20 vols. —a complete set of Punch—Dr. Adam Clarke's Bible, 8 vols.—Tyas’s Illustrated Shakspere, 3 vols, imperial &vo. printed entirely on India paper, 7 copies, half morocco— Howard's Spirit of Shakspeare’s Plays, 5 vols. 400 plates, 14 copies —Robinson’s Castle Ashby, folio 33 copies—Lord Monson’s Views in the Ape, rye ek 12 c pi ies—Monar. hy Revived, aa b copies, with e 14 cop tos plates, sets with the, on mat pao leg ie or ital Star ‘din ing Press —20 pieces ultramarine and fast red Bookbinders’ Cloth—Stereotype plates to Irving’s Uliver Guidsmith— - Books in quires, &e. The very Choice Collection of English Pictures of JOHN H. TURNER, Esq. ESSRS. CHRISTIE & MANSON respect- fally give notice, that they will SELL by AUCTION, at their ae Room, King-street, St. James’s-square, on FRIDA March 31 et . v'elock precisely,’ the BEAUTIFUL COLLECTION of ENGLIS oy , selected chiefly from the Studios of he Artists JOuN H. TURNER, Esq., of Brunswick-square, righton, comprising a — in Verona, a beautiful work of D. berts, R.A.— Antonio, the chef-d’ceuvre of Frank Stone, A.R.A.—Anne Page, by Frith, R.A.— ee: fine Landscape, by Creswick, R.A.—a Landscape, with Cattle, by S. Cooper, R.A.—a beautiful Dutch Coast Scene, by E. W. Cooke, R.A.—the Battle of Ascalon, by A. Cooper, R.A.—three exquisite ea of F. Pickers- ill, A. ThA. —Melancthon and Genevra, by A. Johnstone—two ovely Heads, by Baxter—a Landseca es with Donkeys, by Ansdell —and capital pusear ise of Ward, R.A., Howard, R.A., Withering- ton, R.A., and M‘Iinnes. May be viewed three days preceding, and Catalogues had, Capital Ancient and Modern Pictures. NV ESSRS. CHRISTIE & MANSON respect- fully give notice, that they will SELL by meer at rw. Great Koom, Kivg-street, St. James's- “Square, R- Ant Fr at 1 o'clock precisely, the COLLEC ION of wety CHOI TURES by ANCIENT and MODERN MASTER the -~ a a Gentleman residing in the north of England: The a nem Pictures co An pase Our Saviour Sitting at Meat with ‘ublicans, a very grand work of Paul Veronese, 7 oe RKus- y olario—a TO ADVERTISBRS. T= DUBLIN QUARTERLY a JOURNAL MEDICAL SCIENCE for FEBRUA dy tor receiving BILLS and ADVERTISEMENTS | az WED. DAY, the 24th instant. Dublin: Hod . 2 Mahon ie “a ges & Smith, Grafton-street. London: Simpkin, CHEAP BOOKS. ECOND-HAND COPIES of each of the Begins Works are now on SALE at MUDIE’S SELECT Oliphenie Shores of the Black Sea, 48. 6d. Smyth's Year with the Turks, 38. Purple Tints of Paris, 6s. jews ‘8 nepeliocn at St. Helena, 15s. Lady-Bird, 9s. Hooker’s Himalayan Journals, 188. Layard’s Second Visit to Nineveh, 108. 6d. Curzon’s Armenia, 38. Avillion, by the Author of ‘Phe Head of the Family,’ 5s. Boatman of the Bosph: 5a. 158. oore, 6 vols. 21s, paintanen, 160. ¢ 10s. 6d. isda Silas Barnstarke, 3s. cans Bound the orld. 7e. Oyrilla, 5s. 's Essays, 6s. Florence the Beautiful, 5s. ricans a& Home, Zs. 6d. And many other ri. —}- Sonal sine of which may be Charles Beware Mudi 510, Ni © sadkaber ie, ew pr lsteskateesh, Londen, and 76, poli Palace. at aga Virgin and Child, b; nd L . Poussin—the Infant Don Balthazar, by el a BS Maria as St. Catharine, by Van D Dyck—a fine work of Gonzales, from Lord Gwydir’s collection—the Riposo, by Poelemberg, from the Kedleaf Collection—and beautiful exam- es of Metzu, P. Potter, Hobbema, Ruysdael, Cuyp, Barshens. eniers, Schalken, Cae &c. ‘the English Pictures compris very fine work of Turner, R.A., Yarmouth dose dated is scapes by R. Wilson, P. Reinagle, 8. Co . Lee, R.A., Linnell, Pyne—also a beautiful Drawing in water colours, by Her: bert, R.A.— La Bustin, terra cotta, by Chantrey. May be viewed three days p ding, and Catal had. The Valuable Collection ra. Pictures of the late Mr. DU. RD. ESSRS. CHRISTIE & MANSON respect- | 1° fully give notice, that ts will SELL by AUCTION, at Sar Great _—— seman 2 J —— “re on SATUR- aprtl 26 . at 1 e’clock p agueely. by order of the Executors, the x3 of the Collection vof Capital PICTURES of Mr. Dun- ford, of Newport-street, deceased, comprising the Virgin and Child, an exquisite cabinet specimen of Murillo—the Robbers, a fine Landsca . by Claude—the Worship of the Golden Calf, and andscape, a pair of important works by Niccolo Po oussin-~J upite r and Dane, by Rubens, from Sir mamnes Law- rence’s coll Seton —s fine Portrait of a Duke of Parma, by Van Dyck—an important work of P. Potter, dated 1650—beautiful Landsca) by K.du Jardin, Berghem, A. Van de Velde, Ruys- as sy penne Sea Feo. y W. moe ton Velde and eeangeee. —a iti m the Pour- tale’s coll emma Interior by Del Hooghe. In tthe English school are several beautiful and iapersant works of Wilson, aud speci- mens of Gainsborough, Sir_ J. Reynolds, Morland, aoe. N ‘ington, Sir A. Callcott, Chambers, Lee, R. A. Pyne, asm) i Crome, and Inskip. May be viewed three days preceding ,and Catalogues had. Books of various Private Libraries.—Six Days’ Sale. UTTICK & SIMPSON, Auctioneers of Lite- rary Ee roperty, will SELL by AU CTION, at their Great Room, 191, Pi jocadill., n MON DAY, January 15, and five following am. A LARGE OLLECTION of MISCELLANEOUS BOOKS various Languages, includiag many Rare and Interesting Works, in fine condition. Catalogues will be sent on application. Engravings, Drawings, &c. pedi nt & SIMPSON, el of Lite- ry Property, will SELL b AUCTION. at their Great Room, 191, Pi eaitiliae. m FRIDAY 26, and following soem A LARGE COLLECTION of ENGRAVINGS, comprising Modern Prints, Fine Proofs, a few, Fine Prints by Old Masters, large col- lection of Coloured Engravings, Sporting Prints by the best Artists, Portraits and Frayer subjects. Catalogues will be seg on application. Rare and Fine Books. UTTICE & SIMPSON, Auctioneers of Lite- rary Property, will +ASy by AUCTION, - th bets Grete tjoom 191, Picendilly, on TUESDAY, January ME RARE and FINE BOOKS, from a awd “Library ; Rot Architectural groin” of Prints—rare Theological and Poet ical Pieces— fine copies of Purchas’s Pilgrims, 5 vols.— Hakluyt’s Veyages, original edition —Herrera—Historia General, 4vols.—Torquemada, 3 vols.—Burney’s Voyages, 5 vols.—Billing’s Baronial Antiquities of Scotland, 4 vols.—a few works on Anglo-Saxon Literature, &c. Catalogues will be sent on application. Nearly Thirty New Pianofortes by Eminent Makers: a Bankrupt’s Stock, — & SIMPSON, Auctioneers of Lite- roperty, will SELL by AUCTION, Auring the present Month. by order ott the Assignees of Mr. Kelly. of High-street, Ken- usicseller, a wie near! Thirty NEW PIANO- FO TES y Broadwood, dy = —— eminent makers mostly of the Cottage form, — alli in fine preservation. Catalogues will be ready i in a few tase, ‘and f further. particulars duly announced. Very Select Collection of Autograph Letters. UTTICK & SIMPSON, Auctioneers of Lite- soperty will SELL by AUCTION, at their Great Koom, 191, Pied: ip EBRUARY very Select COLLECTION “3 UTOGRAPH LETTERS the broperty of C. A. LAW, Esq, F.L.8. PLS. &e. = small but wre Collection contains Holo- grap) Poets and Literary Men from an early date (Francis ota air P. Sidney, O. Goldsmith, &.), and other valu- able aategrephs. Catalogues will be ready in a few days. Library and Illustrated Books of 0. SMITH, Esq. (of the Adelphi). oe & SIMPSON, Auctioneers of Lite- Pro ty, will SELL by AUCTION, at their Great Koom, 1h Piceadil in ine re of MARCH, the small but select LIBRARY of 0. BM Hi, Bea... comeiotiog of useful Books in all departments of = tod ne Books of Prints, a few chaise Illustrated aravings i his contemporaries, Mr. O. Smith’ sown compilations for. the His- tory of the Stage 2 most and in 20 quarto volumes, * Catalogues are preparing.

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THE ATHENAUM N° 1419] 5 NEW SERIAL.—PRICE SIXPENCE, Published on the Ist of January, price Sixpence, No. I. of THE MONTHLY HOME REVIEW. London: Aytott & Co. Paternoster-row; KeymEer & Enocu, Brompton. NEW BOOKS, PUBLISHED BY MESSRS. BURNS & LAMBERT, 17, PORTMAN-STREET, PORTMAN-SQUARE, anp 63, PATERNOSTER-ROW. RDrmrmnmmnmnmnmnwmnmnmn ww NOW READY, FOUR VOLUMES OF THE NEW POPULAR LIBRARY. Feap. 8vo. handsomely done up in ornamental boards. Also, as a CoMPANION SERIES, THE AMUSING LIBRARY: A Cheap Series of Select Fictions for General Reading, including the Works of the chief CATHOLIC NOVELISTS at home and abroad. The following Volumes will be issued in a few days, ina very cheap and neat form, THE LION OF FLANDERS: A HISTORICAL ROMANCF. By HENDRIK CONSCIENCE. 1 vol. ROMANTIC TALES of GREAT MEN. 1 vol. GRANTLEY MANOR. By LADY G. FULLERTON. Cheap Railway Edition. TALES OF THE CITY AND THE PLAIN. I. FABIOLA: A TALE OF THE CATACOMBS. With Illustrations. 3s. HEROINES OF CHARITY. 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THE ATHENAUM [San. 6,'55 NEW WORKS NOW READY. > I. WORLDS BEYOND the EARTH. By MONTAGU LYON PHILLIPS. Small 8vo. [Just ready. II. r Ty TIYVT a HISTORY of the OTTOMAN TURKS, from the Foundation of their Empire to the Trees Time. Chiefly based upon Von Hammer. By PRO CREASY, Author of ‘The Fifteen Decisive Battles | ‘the World.’ Vol. L. (complete in Two.) Svo. with Maps and Plans, 14s. “With a profusion of materials at his command, and with that critical acumen aud talent for historical composition for which = — already earned a high reputation, the author has produced a book of which it is not difficult to predict that it will a rahe standard work of English literature on the sub- ject of which it treats."—John Bull, III. OUR CAMP in TURKEY, and the WAY TOIT. By Mrs. YOUNG, Author of * Cutch,’ * West- ern India, &c. 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(complete in “s ates has the character of a great man been so much exalted by a posthumous of his lette ae, i the whole character of, Fox 1s raised by this work.”—Zzaw o Englishman who desires to me the history of his country from 1768 to 1792 can fail to read this work with advan and pleasure. It contains so much authentic infor- — Meo = ys, vo ol criticism so intelligent and so THE CRIMEA, the BLACK SEA, and the BALTIC; ata atae an Account of Sebastopol. By CHARLES HENRY SCUTT. 2nd Edition. Post 8vo. 7. 6d. “Of the Crimea Mr.Scott saw more than most travellers, and he had an opportunity of inspecting Sebastopol and its under circu of peculiar advan’ wm Literary Gazette. Vill. A HISTORY of CHRISTIAN CHURCHES and SECTS, from the Earliest Ages of Chris- tianity. ait, the Rev. J. B. MARSDEN, A. M.. pnher of* The Barly ai ater Puritans.’ Parts I. and IL. Pe This Work will be completed in Eight Monthly Parts, a — Marsden displays great candour and moderation in ben pe of his work, while its information is carefully pre- and presented with precision and clearness.” Literary Gazette. Ix. Bentley’s Monthly Volumes. JESSE'S MEMOIRS of the COURT of BESLASD UEDES THE STUARTS; including the PRO- TECTORA Vol. I. (complete in Three), wo post 8vo. beautifully we ated and bound, with an Illustratio: The price of the twelve Volumes to be published in the — of 1855, at 68. per Volume, would be 3U. 12s., but in order to give an advantage to Subscribers, they will be supplied with dl first twelve ag at 3i. 58, on remittance of that unt with the ord x. TABLE TRAITS and SOMETHING ON THEM. By Dr. DORAN. Crown 8vo, 63, “ An excellent book.”—Examiner. xI. THE LIFE and CORRESPONDENCE of LORD yee at | late Governor-General of India, SOENWiLLAAM Kata Ss “ot The History of the uthor ti t Werin Affghanistan.’ 2 vols. 8 0. 368... iin a teats 3 * ®ew works better deserve to be studied by se — and tary members of the public service.”—Athenceu X11, DISCOVERY of the SITE of the DE- STROYED CITIES of the PLAIN—SODOM and Go- enews YM ES DE SAULCY. Second Thousand. 2 vols, Wa striking jg Soows within the range of Biblical London: Ricuarp Bentiey, Publisher in Ordinary to Her Majesty. 13, Great MARLBOROUGH-STREET. HURST & BLACKETT, Successors to Mr. Colburn, HAVE JUST PUBLISHED THE FOLLOWING NEW WORKS. — > - TROPICAL SKETCHES; or, Re- MINISCENCES of an INDIAN JOURNALIST. By W. KNIGHTON, M.A., Author of ‘ Forest Life in Ceylon.’ 2 vols, 21s. From the Literary Gazette. “Mr. Knighton’s * Tropical Sketches’ contain valuable as well as entertaining records of his life and experience in the East. Besides describing those scenes and occupations common to all Anglo-Indians, he gives us an.insight into matters which he had peculiar means of observing, in his capacity of journalist, and as an inspector under the Council of Education at Calcutta. While the greater part of his book consists of light reading, it also pre- sents his views on subjects of public importance, which may thus be brought before many who would avoid more formal works on Indian administration.” From the Mornrnc CHRonicie. ** We are glad to meet Mr. Knighton.again in the field of Indian literature. Encouraged by the friendly reception which was ac- corded to his former volumes on * Forest Life in Ceylon,’ he has followed them up with the present sketches, which show the same spirited description of seenery, and the same easy and lively varia- tion of incident. In* Tropical Sketches’ he has produced a couple of volumes filled with much fresh and vigorous writing, abounding with stirring incidents, and giving a penetrating glance into the core of Indian society. We are thankful for the pleasure his volumes have afforded us, and cordially recommend them to the TURKEY; its HISTORY and PROGRESS: from the JOURNALS of SIR JAMES PORTER: continued to the Present Time, by SIR GEORGE LARPENT, Bart., &c. 2 vols. 8vo. with Ilus- trations, 30s. bound. HOME LIFE IN RUSSIA. Revised by the Editor of ‘Revelations of Siberia.’ 2 vols. “ So little is known in this country of the internal condition of Russia, or the state of society in that enormous empire, that the contents of these volumes will naturally be perused with great curiosity.”"— Morning Hera “ The special recommendation of the work to us is the novel view and clear insight it-affords Englishmen of the real character of the Russians. Their sayingsaud doings, and MURRAY’S BRITISH CLASSICS. PUBLISHED IN DEMY OCTAVO MONTHLY VOLUMES, Qe Examiner.—‘‘ Mr. Murray’s British Classics, so edited and printed as to take the highest place in any library, Beyond all question the cheapest books of the day.” Atheneum.—* Those who love to collect our standard authors in handsome library editions may well congratulate themselves on the issue.” Notes and Queries.—“‘ Distinguished by skilful editorship, beautiful and legible type, fine paper, compactness of bulk, and economy of price.” Quarterly Review.—*‘ A series of the British Classics which is undoubtedly the best selected and edited, the cheapest and the handsomest that has ever issued from the press,” This Day, Vol. III. (completing the work), 8vo. 7s. 6d. JOHNSON’S LIVES OF THE ENGLISH POETS, Edited with Corrective and Explanatory Notes, By PETER CUNNINGHAM, F.S.A. 3 vols, 8vo. 22s. 6d. “The most popular and entertaining of all Dr. Johnson's works.”—Croker. ‘‘ That admirable performance,—‘ The Lives of the = lish Poets,’—which is the richest, most beautiful, > indeed, most perfect, production of Johnson’s pen.” Boswell, ** We are much mistaken if this Edition is not destined hereafter to be the standard one in English literature. Mr. Cunningham has gone about his work con amore, and, as Burke once said of Johnson himself, he has done it in a the their society, are all laid unsparingly bare.”— Sunday Times, The LIFE of MARGUERITE D’ANGOULEME, QUEEN of NAVARRE, Sister of Francis L From numerous Original Sources. By MISS FREER. 2 vols. with fine Portraits, engraved by Heath, 21s. bound. The ROMANCE of the FORUM; or, Narratives, Scenes, and Anecdotes from Courts of Justice. Szconp Serizgs. By PETER BURKE, Esq., Barrister at-Law. 2 vols. 2ls. “ This second series of the * Romance of the Forum’ equals the first in interest and variety. The records of courts of justice supply materials of true history far stranger than any ee of fiction, and Mr. Burke selects with tact and describes with skill many wonderful and striking stories. ’— Literary Gaz 2ette THE NEW NOVELS. ANTIPODES; or, The New! EXISTENCE. A TALE of REAL LIFE. By A| LERGYMAN. 3 vols. OAKLEIGH MASCOTT. By L. HOWE. Dedicated to Prof ATYTOUN. 2 -vols. “A deeply Ly ~ my story, written with exquisite taste and feeling. ie excitement.” — Mcasenger. bh much spirit and Mrracitys '— Observer. “This novel is one that-will merit, and not ye good testi- monials.”— Haaminer. HERBERT LAKE. By the Authorof ‘Anyg Dysapt.’ 3 vols. “ This story is simple, natural, and human, and for that tame on. | reason it is passionate, pathetic, and interesting. is healthy and natural, the diction easy, fluent, and Moatiocted, | and the incidents, though novel and romantic, are yet brought | about with su 1 as:to.wear the cbof necessary great achievement in nevelavaiting. There is the a of genius about the book, and that is its highest praise and greatest | charm.”—Morning Post. THE YOUNG HUSBAND. By MRS. GREY. 3 vols. | “* The Young Husband’ is likely to be a great favourite. The story contains abundant sources of interest, and is told with clear. ness and skill,—often, indeed, with considerable dramatic — Morning Chronicle, THE CURATE of OVERTON. “The startling secession of such men as Newman, Manning | and Wilberforce, render the yevelations which the author has mada! ix p ihom intneting ae and instructive volumes extremely maaad | H ; hands than Dr. Wm. Smith. | reprint of Goldsmith. work like manner.” —Literary Gazette. This Day, Vol. VI. (to be completed in 8 vols.) 8vo. 7s. 6d. GIBBON’S DECLINE AND FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE. Edited, with Notes, by WILLIAM SMITH, LL. D., Editor of the ‘ Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities,’ &c. With Portrait and Maps, This Edition includes the Autobiography of Gibbon, and is distinguished by careful reviston of the tet, verification of all the references to ancient writers, and Notes incorporating the results of the researches of Modern Scholars and the discoveries of Recent Tras vellers. “ An edition incomparably the best in every respect that has-hitherto appeared.” — Examiner. “The task of editing could not have fallen into abler If there be any ble ' ofbringing to bear upon the improvement of Gibbon’s work the various additions which have been made to our know- ledge since his time, it is Dr. Smith.”—Atheneum. Now Ready, with Vignettes, 4 vals. 8vo.'30s. THE WORKS OF OLIVER GOLDSMITH. Printed from the last “Edition revised by th | Author. Edited by PETER CUNNIN NEN GHAM, F. §.A., Author of the ‘Handbook of London.’ ‘“Well edited’by Mr. Peter Cunningham, and beautifully | printed.” — Times. “ The best editions have been consulted, and thespresent volume gives evidence of careful and conscientious editing.” «Mr. Cunningham, whose scrupulous exactness is-gene rally known, has furnished the first complete and accurate 7 errors whi had .crapt into previous ei _ Testored, and entire pieces have Been ee vest Jonn Munnar, Albemarle-street. Indi ave | knd the w. | co e lat.» nally thre:

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0 edited y library, standard cratulate litorship, of bulk, ics which cheapest press.” ork), JETS, Notes, 3 vols, Johnson's the Eng- ful, and, NP 1419) THE ATHENAUM 7 ee LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 6, 1855. REVIEWS Prison and Banishment. From the Memoirs of Iskander—[Tyurma i Ssuilka. Ix xapisok Iskandera]. London, Sold at the Russian Printing Office. Anz many of our readers aware that there is a Russian press in London? We do not mean an Anglo-Russian press—newspapers conducted more or less in Russian interests and animated with a Muscovite spirit; but a veritable Rus- sian press, — printing Russian books in the Russian language, for the purpose of circula- tion in Russia? Such is the fact. This press is active, vigilant, prolific. Moreover it is free. No censor suggests its issues, no police controls its types. It prints what it pleases; and it cir- culates what it can. In a word, the Russian Free Press in London is a Democratic Press. There is a visible destiny in the connexion of England with Russia. Three centuries have now elapsed since the news came to England that Richard Chancellor, on his voyage in search of a north-east passage to China, had unexpectedly discovered the Rus- sian Empire. The intelligence reached London at a time when Spain and England were more | closely connected than ever, before or since; and there is in the British Museum a curious con- temporary pamphlet, issued in Spain, contain- ing two letters, one from Mary, Queen of Eng- land, to the Princess of Portugal, on the happy “reduction” of the English to obedience to the Roman See, and the other from a Spanish cavalier then in London, perhaps Ercilla of the Araucana himself, giving an account “how the English have discovered certain new Indies” (“como los Ingleses han hallado unas nuevas Indias”). In this brief narrative the Spaniards ae informed that Chancelior has come on “a ind never found until now, for it is neither in tL» navigation charts nor in the map of the w ld”; and it is added, that the newly-dis- co ered nation is one of ‘great policy.” The lauor clause of the description has been sig- nally verified in the lapse of time. There were three “new Indies”’ discovered in that gene- ration; but how different has been the fate of the Mexico of Montezuma,—the Peru of Ata- balipa,—and the Russia of Ivan Vasilevich the Terrible ! It was the English who first brought Russia into connexion with the world beyond sea; and itwasfrom England, though not from an English- man, that an impulse was given which led to anew era in the literary history of the country. The ‘Grammatica Russica’ of Lu- dolf, which issued from the Univergity press of | Oxford, in 1696, was the first Russian grammar ever printed, and, according to Ludolf’s state- ment in the Preface, the second Russian book. He expressed his regret that the Russians of that time,—the time of Swift and Addison,— persisted in the use of an obsolete dialect, the Church Sclavonic, for all literary purposes ex- cept one,—the ‘ Ulozhenie,’ or Code of Laws, being the only work printed in the vernacular e. He expressed his hope that his ex- ample would lead the Russians to think their mother-tongue worthy of notice and cultivation. “It is not,” he observed, “ contrary to the fun- ental law of Russia, as some maintain, to study arts and learning. On the contrary, his Present Czarish majesty warmly desires the cultivation of the intellects of his subjects.” His resent Czarish majesty” was Peter the Great, Who, in the year after the publication of the Jtammar, commenced the tour through Europe, mwhich he studied ship-building in the incog- into of @ ship’s carpenter, and who, before | Ludolf's death, in 1710, had remodelled the Russian alphabet to its present shape, and set Russian literature afloat as well as a Russian fleet. Whatever may have been the wishes of England in regard to the growth of Russian power, there has, we presume, never been a difference of opinion as to the growth of literature and learn- ing among a race which it was desirable, for its own sake and that of others, to soften and humanize. The progress of literature in Eastern Europe has never attracted so much attention in Western Europe as it deserves; but that attention has always been of a friendly and sympathizing character. It has often been a matter of regret, though not of surprise, that nothing could be known of the independent and untrammelled voice of the Russian mind. Even in the darkest times of Western Europe there was always a means for the-conquered political or religious party of any State to make its sen- timents known and to preserve them for pos- terity. The Spanish and Italian martyrs of the Protestant Reformation still speak in the pages of Valdez and Vermiglioli,—the Roman Catho- lics of England kept active the presses of Douay and Louvain,—the victims of the dragonnades of Louis the Fourteenth deluged England and | Germany with their pamphlets—the victims of our own Restoration found a refuge and a voice on the shores of Lake Leman. Of late years, the Polish emigration has contributed to Polish literature the most brilliant pages the language can show in its career of centuries. | “ ; ; , | With Russian literature, the case was dif- | ferent. Under the yoke of a rigid censorship at home, it never until now possessed any | means of production abroad. The obstacle, tri- | fling as it may seem, of the peculiarity of the | alphabet, may have had a strong influence in ‘this. Certain it is, that an active circulation of | prohibited books from beyond the frontier, in | foreign languages, has always been kept up 'in Russia; so that a difficulty in finding means of introduction for the books when printed can- | not have been the principal obstacle. What- ' ever the cause, the effect has undoubtedly been, ' that the whole literature of Russia, from its birth to within the last two years, has been, to 'a most remarkable degree, under the control | of the Government, — that the voice of sixt | millions has not uttered a sound that had not previously received the approbation of one man. To all who attach any value to a free press,— | to all who think that it is of importance for the /most numerous nation in Europe, and the one that holds the largest portion of its surface, to | hear the two sides of any religious or political question, it was a piece of acceptable news to hear that precisely three hundred years after Chancellor had sailed into Archangel, a Russian free press had been established in London. The first Russian publication ever issued in England,—in May 1853,—was a quarto sheet, under the title of ‘ Yuriev Den’—‘ St. George’s Day.’ St. George’s Day is a sound of mournful significance in Russian history. It was on that day that the free peasantry of the country were anciently accustomed to hire themselves from year to year to the masters, migrating from place to place as it suited their convenience. In the year 1593, it is supposed—for the point is subject to some discussion—this privilege was taken away by Boris Godunov, then sovereign of Russia ; the very man who had advocated freedom of commerce with Queen Elizabeth, in aspirit said to be in advance of his age. From that time to the present, the peasantry of Russia have been reduced to the condition of serfs attached to the soil. It is also, we believe, on St. George’s | Day that the beautiful custom prevails of letting a bird loose to celebrate the return of Spring,— a custom alluded to by Pushkin in some pretty verses, said to be written during a temporary banishment.— Abroad I still to customs cling, Kept up at home from age to age; And on the festival of spring, I let a bird loose from its cage. This from my fortunes took their sting, Could I repine how heaven decreed ’em, While, to a single living thing I had the power of giving freedom ? The pamphlet on St. George’s Day is ad- dressed “To the Russian Gentry "— (Gent is the nearest translation of ‘“‘ Dvoryanstvo”’). rd commences thus :— Let the first free Russian word from beyond the frontier be addressed to you. It is in the midst of you that the need for independence has shown itself, the effort for freedom and all the intellectual activity of the age just past. It is amongst you that the self-denying minority is found which redeems Russia in the eyes of foreign nations and itsown. From your ranks arose Mu- ravyev and Pestel, Ruilyeev and Bestuzhev. From your ranks came Pushkin and Lermontov. We, too, who have left our country that one free Russian voice might be heard, though in a foreign land, we came from your ranks, and it is to you that we first address ourselves. Not with words of reproach,— | not with a summons to conflict, which at this moment is impracticable,—but with a friendly word | on the common misery and the common shame, and | with brotherly counsel. We are slaves [it continues] | because our ancestors bartered their human dignity for inhuman privileges, and we make use of those | privileges. We are slaves because we are masters. | [It goes on to remind them of the generous spirit | shown in Russia when the question of serfage has been under debate.J|—At Penza and at Tambov, at | Yaroslav! and Vladimir, at Nizhny-Novgorod, and | finally at Moscow itself, the question of emancipa- | tion met with sympathy, and never did it have to | encounter that obstinate fury with which the Ameri- | can planters defend their black so-called rights, | This is generous and eloquent; but the reader _is disheartened, who finds the outburst conclude with a pleading in behalf of Socialism, —as if the cause of emancipation were indissolubly bound up with it,—and who finds this lan- guage of menace addressed to the Russian pro- prietors.— We trust in you. You have given pledges,—our | heart does not forget them,—and that is the reason Y | why we do not address ourselves direct to our unfor- | tunate brethren, to point out to them their strength which they do not know, their means which they do not dream of, your weakness which they do not suspect, to say to them,—“ Now, brethren, to your axes,—now, children, carry your straw to the manor- house,—let your masters be warmed for the last | time.”’ A distinct threat is further uttered that if this appeal to the masters fails to produce its effect, the peasantry will be roused at once to incen- diarism and war. Such is the language, used in 1853, of one of the most cultivated of Muscovites,—of one who saw the useless deluge of blood shed in the socialist conflict of 1848, —of M. Alexander Hertzen. The name of M. Hertzen is well known in Russia, and has of late years become known in France and Germany. It is now, we be- lieve, about twelve years since he first attracted attention by a series of articles in the Otechest- vennuiya Zapiski, one of those enormous Russian magazines which issue every month a quantity of matter more than equal to a number of one of our Quarterly Reviews. He must then have been about thirty ci of age, if it be true, as one of his biographers reports, that he was born at Moscow during the conflagration of 1812. His father was a Russian, his mother from Wir- temberg,—and one of his first labours in the field of literature was his introduction of the Hegelian

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8 THE ATHENAUM CJ an. 6,55 philosophy into Russia. His ‘Letters on the Study of Nature,’ in which he pursues the history of all philosophies up to and including Bacon’s, drew on him the marked attention of all the thinking men of his native country. His next appearance was as a novelist. No- where, perhaps, out of England and America are Messrs. Dickens and Thackeray more read and admired than in Russia, and their peculiar study of the people is combined in M. Hertzen’s tales with A es: more daring excursions into moral speculation which form the characteristic of the school of France. M. Hertzen’s edu- cation had been entirely Russian; it was in 1847 that he first obtained permission to go abroad. Some letters written on his travels in Germany appeared in the Petersburgh periodical the Sovremennik, founded by Pushkin. Their con- tinuation was soon prohibited, nor can the pro- hibition be matter of surprise. M. Hertzen was in Italy when the Revolution of February, 1848, burst forth,—he hastened to Paris, and was soon conspicuous in the French capital. At one | time he is said to have been obliged to fly from | Paris to Geneva; afterwards he returned through London to Paris; and for the last few years he has resided in London or near it. It has been said that no man was ever written down except by himself. In a pamphlet, en- titled ‘Vom anderen Ufer’ (‘From the other Shore’), translated into German, we believe, by M. Hertzen himself, from his own Russian manuscript, there is an account of the conflict at Paris in July, 1848, which terminated in the | defeat of the Socialists, concluding with these | words, as the expression of his own feelings on the result :—‘‘ Now, therefore, hurrah for Chaos (Und deswegen lebe das Chaos)!—Hurrah for extermination !—Vive la mort !—Room for the future!”” These words and many like them were published at Hamburgh in 1850, when the writer’s passion had, at all events, had Aime to cool. Such, then, is the character of the writer who, immediately before the issue of the ‘St. George's Day,’ caused a lithographic circular to be dis- persed in Russia, inviting contributions to the proposed establishment. in London.— Send us whatever you like [says the Circular]; all that is written in a spirit of freedom will be issued in print, from learned researches and essays on points of history and statistics down to romances, tales, and copies of verses. We are even ready to print them gratis. If you have nothing ready of your own, send us the prohibited works of Pushkin, Ruilyeev, Ler- montov, Polezhaev, Pecherin, and others. The door is open; if you refuse to avail yourselves of it, on your own consciences be it. If we obtain nothing from Russia, the fault will not be ours. If repose is dearer to you than free speech, be silent. But this I do not believe. Up to this hour nobody has printed anything in Russian out of Russia, because there was nowhere a Russian free press. From the Ist of May, 1853, there will be one. To begin, while I am in hope and expectation of something from you, I will print my own manuscripts. As early as 1849 I thought to begin printing Russian books in Paris; but driven from country to country, persecuted by a train of miseries, I could not carry out my under- taking. Much of time, and heart, and life, and means I offered as a sacrifice to the cause of the West,—now I feel myself free from that obligation. This invitation does not appear to have been successful. In a note to the work before us, ‘Tyurma i Ssuilka,’ published about a year and a half afterwards, M. Hertzen says bitterly :— To publish the unprinted poems of Pushkin, Ler- montov, Polezhaev, Ruilyeev, and others was one of our warmest wishes. We now think of applying with a petition, to the Russian Government or the clergy, to furnish us with these manuscripts—from laymen, journalists, progressists, &c., it is useless to expect them. In the mean time, the most important works that have issued from the Russian printing- office are the ‘ Fragmentary Tales’ of ower (the pseudonyme of Alexander Hertzen, or rather the Oriental translation of his christian name) and the ‘Tyurma i Ssuilka,’ the narra- tive of his imprisonment and banishment, which we are now about to examine. This narrative is of peculiar value. In many respects it affords a sort of counterpart or pendant to the ‘ Prigioni’ of Silvio Pellico,—but with this marked differ- ence, that M. Hertzen is still proud of the course he adopted. In literary merit the work of the Russian seems to us far superior to that of the Italian. The abilities of M. Hertzen have never been denied by those who have become acquainted with his writings ;—and this produc- tion has the advantage over all others in which he touches on politics, of being written in a moderate and unexaggerated spirit. It contains powerful sketches of character, with vivid de- scriptions of incident, and pictures of manners. In the Preface the writer tells us :— At the close of 1852 I lived in one of the outskirts of London, near Primrose Hill, cut off from all the world by distance, fog, and my own good pleasure. I began to go into myself, to set myself to rights after a train of frightful events, misfortunes, errors. The history of the last years of my life presented itself before me clearer and clearer, and I saw with alarm that not one man, myself excepted, knew it; and that if I died the truth would die with me. He began the chronicle, and did not desist till he had written two parts; of which ‘ Tyurma i Ssuilka’ is the second in order, but published the first on account of its possessing more gene- ral interest. The narrative commences with the alarm occasioned by the arrest of a friend by the police at Moscow in 1834. M. Hertzen was at that time a student at the University. He applied to some of the liberals of his acquaint- ance to procure him admission to the prisoner. His characters of them are strikingly drawn, especially of on€é, who was looked up to as the Coryphzeus of Liberalism in Moscow. ‘“ His cabinet,”’ we are told, “‘ was ornamented with portraits of all the revolutionary celebrities from Hampden and Bailly to Fieschi and Armand Carrel.” Hampden and Fieschi! The juxta- position seems odd to us; but we dare say it will appear quite natural to the ghosts of those who fought for royalty in Chalgrove field. While labouring to see his friend, M. Hertzen was himself arrested,—and we obtain a close view of the proceedings of a Russian commission of inquiry into political offences. The accusa- tion brought against them appears to have been that of St.-Simonism; but like Pellico, M. Hertzen avoids informing the reader of either the precise charge or the degree in which it was well founded. M. Hertzen, according to his own account, met the accusations with some flippancy.— The Commission was assembled in the library of the President, Prince Sergius Mikhailevich Galitzin. I turned to the shelves and looked at the books. Among the rest was a voluminous edition of the memoirs of the Duke de St.-Simon. “See,” said I, turning to the President, “what injustice! I am under prosecution for St.-Simonism, and in your own house, Prince, there are twenty volumes of his works,” As the old Prince had never read anything in his life, he did not know what to answer; but the younger Galitzin looked at me with the eyes of a viper, and said “Do you not see they are the Memoirs of the Duke de St.-Simon who lived under Louis the Fourteenth?” The President smiled, shook his head at me as much as to say “ You have missed fire,” and added “ Go on.” At the conclusion of the proceedings, Shu- bensky, one of the Commission, said to him, * Do you think we believe your assertion that there was no secret society among you?” M. Hertzen, in reply, demanded “ Where is this society?”” —‘‘It is your good fortune,” said Shubensky, “that you did not succeed in doin anything. We stopped you in time; thatis, to say the plain truth, we saved you.” From the te tenor of M. Hertzen’s narrative, we are ed to suppose that Shubensky’s remark was substantially correct. The sentence pronounced on many of those declared guilty by the Com- mission, of whom M. Hertzen was one, was re- legation for an indefinite time to some distant government to serve in the civil service under the inspection of the local authorities. The principal scene of M. Hertzen’s deten- tion was Viatka, where Tyuphyaev was then the Governor, who had figured in his youth asa rope-dancer at all the fairs between Siberia and Poland. He was universally detested as a cheat and oppressor, but in 1838 his career was suddenly brought to a close. The present Nasliednik or Crown Prince of Russia, on a progress through the provinces, came to Viatka, received petitions against the governor, and made a report which ended in his abrupt dis- missal, while M. Hertzen—who, in the same visit, had attracted the notice of the poet Zhukovsky, who travelled with the Prince—received per- mission to change his quarters to Vladimir, bringing him within the range of his friends at Moscow. This incident ends the volume of his memoirs; but we think we have heard that M. Alexander Hertzen was subsequently in the employment of the Russian Government at St. Petersburgh up to the time of his obtaining permission to travel. This is of course but the skeleton of the book; the details are well filled in, though—as in the ‘ Prigioni’—the want of stirring incident makes itself felt. As a specimen of the manner of the author, the story of Polezhaev has the recom- mendation both of intrinsic interest and of being complete in itself.— } I heard the story of Polezhaev from the lips of the poet himself, and more than once. Polezhaey when a student at the University of Moscow, wé: already known for his beautiful verses. Among t other things, he wrote a humorous poem, callid ‘Sashka,’ a parody of Pushkin’s‘ Onyegin.’ In ths, putting no restraint on himself, he touched, in a joking tone and in very pretty verses, on a variety of topics, the Czar included. The poem circulated from hand to hand in manuscript. In the autumn of 1826 Nicholas, after sending to the gallows Pestel, Muravyevy, and their friends, celebrated his corona- tion at Moscow. With others, festivities of this kind are the occasion of amnesties and pardons,—Nicho- las, when he had solemnized his apotheosis, began anew to “strike the enemies of the country” like Robespierre after his foolish Féte-Dieu. The secret police handed in to him Polezhaev’s poem. What follows? One night, about three o’clock, the Rector of the Univergity awakes Polezhaev, orders him to dress himself in uniform, and to go to the office. There a warden (popechitel) awaits him. After having examined all the buttons on his uniform, and ascertained that none are wanting, and none over, he, without any explanation, invites Polezhaev into his carriage, and drives off. He takes him to the Minister of Public Instruction. The Minister gives Polezhaey a seat in his own carriage, and he is driven off again,—but this time straight to the Emperor. Prince Lieven went into the inner apartment, leaving Polezhaev in the ante-room, where some of the cour tiers and the higher dignitaries were already in wait- ing, though it was only six in the morning. courtiers imagined that the young man had done something to distinguish himself, and came without loss of time to engage him in conversaticn; one of them, a senator, proposed to him to give ‘essons to his son. Polezhaev was soon summoned into the cabinet. The Emperor was standing leaning on a bureau, and talking with Lieven. He threw on the new comer a searching glance the reverse of benignant a8 he entered; in his hand was a roll of papers. “ Wasit you,” he inquired, “ who wrote these verses ?”—“ It was,” replied Polezhaev.—* Now, prince,” continued

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N° 1419) THE ATHENAUM 9 the Emperor, “ I will show you a specimen of what university education is,—I will show you what our young people are taught there. Read these papers aloud,” he added, turning anew to Polezhaev.—The agitation of Polezhaev was so strong that he was unable to read. The look of Nicholas was fixed jmmovably upon him. I know that look, and I know nothing more terrible, more hope-withering, than that colourless, cold, pewtery look. —“ I cannot,” said Polezhaev.—* Read,” thundered the Imperial fugleman.—The sound of his voice restored Polez- haev to his powers; he opened the bundle of papers. “ Never, in my life,” he told me afterwards, “had I seen ‘Sashka’so beautifully written, and on such ex- cellent paper.” At first he found it difficult to read; afterwards he got more and more in heart, and he finished the poem in a loud and spirited tone. In parts that were particularly cutting, the Emperor made a sign with his hand to the minister. The minister covered his eyes with alarm.—* What say you ?” said Nicholas to Lieven, after the conclusion of the poem. “I will put an end to this corruption of manners; these things are a sign of something which I will root out utterly. What is this person’s general conduct?”—The minister, it may well be supposed, knew nothing of the matter, but some- what of humanity awoke within him, and he said his conduct was excellent, and so forth.—* That answer. has saved you,” said the Emperor; “but you must be punished as an example to others. Are you willing to enter the military service ?”—Polezhaev was silent.— I give you the means of purifying yourself by military service. Say, are you willing ?” —Polezhaev answered, “I must obey.”—The Em- peror walked up to him, laid his hand on his shoulder, and said, “ Your fate depends on your- self; if I forget you, you may write to me,” and kissed him on the forehead. — Ten times over I made Polezhaevy repeat to me the circumstance of the kiss, so incredible did it seem to me. Polezhaev swore that it was true. From the Emperor they took him to Diebitsch, who was also residing in the palace. Diebitsch was asleep: they waked him; he came out yawning and after reading a paper, asked a subordinate officer—* Is this the man?’ It is, your excellency.”—‘ Very well, a capital job,” he said to Polezhaev; “ you will serve in the army,—so did I, Look at me: you see I’ve got on; and per- haps you may be a Field-Marshal in time.”—This out-of-place, coarse German joke was the kiss of Diebitsch. Polezhaev was then taken off to the camp, and put among the soldiers. Three years passed by, Polezhaev remembered the Emperor’s words, and wrote him a letter. There was no answer. After some months he wrote another, and there was no answer either. Quite convinced that his letters had not reached their address, he deserted for the express purpose of delivering his petition in person. He did not conduct himself cautiously: at Moscow he saw his old companions, and was treated by them. It might be supposed that this would not long re- main a secret. At Tver he was apprehended, and sent to his regiment, as a deserter, on foot and in chains, The Court-martial condemned him to run the gauntlet, and the sentence was sent to the Em- peror for confirmation. Polezhaev resolved to de- prive himself of life before the punishment. After searching about his prison in vain for some sharp weapon of any kind, he unbosomed himself to an old soldier, who was fond of him. The soldier understood and shared his feelings. When he heard that the answer had come, he brought him a’bayonet, and, as he gave it to him, said, through his tears, “I sharpened it myself.”—'The Emperor did not con- fim Polezhaev’s sentence.—It was then he wrote his beautiful poem,— Bez utyesheny Ya pogibal Moy zlobnuiy geny Torzhestvoval, &c. *Neath misery’s weight I sunk o’erpower’d While adverse fate Triumphant lower'd, &c. Polezhaey was sent to the Caucasus; there, by Way of distinction, they made him a sergeant. Years and years went by; his wretched, monotonous, pro- spectless situation broke his spirits: —tomake himself 4 poet of the police, and sing the glories of Nicholas, found impossible, yet this was the only way to free himself from the knapsack. There was another course open to him, and he preferred it : he drank to forget. His poetical address ‘To Corn-brandy’ is terrible. He obtained permission to exchange into the Carabineer regiment stationed at Moscow. This bettered his situation considerably; but consumption was already at work on his chest. It was at this time that I became acquainted with him, about 1833. He dragged on for four years longer, and died in the Military Hospital. When one of his friends came to ask his body for interment, nobody knew where to find it: the Military Hospital drives a trade with the bodies,—sells them to the Uni- versity .or the Academy of Medicine, — prepares them as skeletons, and so forth. At last he found the body of poor Polezhaev in a cellar; it was crushed under some others, and the rats had gnawed off one foot. After his death, a collection of his works was published ; and for a frontispiece it was intended to prefix his portrait in his soldier’s cloak. The censorship considered this improper, and the poor sufferer was represented in officer's epaulettes, —he was promoted in the hospital. We think our readers will agree with us, that the existence of such a press is of some impor- tance. Much of the best literature of Russia is a contraband literature—existing only in manu- script,—and therefore liable to serious accidents. Whatever the moral nature of that literature— and of necessity it represents the intellectual anarchy of the country in which it is produced, —it is most desirable that it be preserved. In a land of social order like our own, the wildness, the impracticable theories, the revolutionary character of this Russian literature, will be noticed in the philosophic spirit with which we read the writings of our own Levellers and Fifth-Monarchy Men. Such a literature is a necessary phase in the growth of a nation,— and ought to be preserved with the jealous care which we bestow—or ought to bestow— on those documents ‘of our own history which record its intellectual struggles. Detached Thoughts and Apophihegms, tracted from some of the Writings of Arch- ex- bishop Whately. First Series. & Co. Here isa little book which might without im- propriety have been called ‘‘ Whateliana”; and might aspire to a place beside the collections we mentioned the other day @ propos of Selden’s ‘Table Talk’; for Anas include not only what is strictly colloquial, but (as in the case of the ‘Casauboniana’) extracts made from men’s writings. There is, indeed, in the works of most authors something of a colloquial cha- racter,— an element which represents their mind under its free conversational aspect. In Johnson, there are passages here and there which only require the preliminary “ Why, sir,” to make them fit for the pages of Boswell. In Cicero, there are many gleams of that genial and familiar pleasantry which made his society delightful,—and, remembering which, thereader sighs over the loss of Zero’s collection of his jokes, and regrets the fate of that ‘ Liber Jocu- laris’ as one of the most melancholy catastrophes in the history of literature. With Dr. Whately in his capacity of theo- logian we have no concern. But the Arch- bishop has a place (though scarcely an archi- episcopal place) in the literature of the day, as well as in its theology, The author of that ‘Logic’ which Mackintosh welconied as ‘the restoration of an unjustly deposed art,” and the value of which is emphatically recognized by Mill, is surely a considerable man in our lite- rature. The present book aims at selecting from his writings such striking and pregnant remarks as exhibit their general qualities in a happy and condensed form. We have—or shall have, when the whole Series is out—the Blackader’ prize plums and peaches of his Grace’s garden. Other writers who have written much would be benefited by being similarly dealt with: for few are the books so perfect and costly, as works of Art, that they will no more bear cutting into pieces than a statue. The main characteristic of the writings of Dr. Whately is shrewdness—sagacity. He writes as a first-rate banker with sufficient culture might be expected to write—always with the air of a man of business. As our old divines were often poetic, imaginative, discursive—so here we have a divine suited to a practical age— an age of railways and consols,—with a style as well suited for a newspaper as a pulpit,—reason- able, sensible, and straightforward. He talks straight to the purpose,—with a style strong, flowing, and crystal-clear to the very bottom. In addition to this, however, Dr. Whately has obviously a strong perception of humour,— a quality which must not run riot in the writ- ings of an Archbishop; and which, therefore, the Right Reverend Doctor keeps in stern subordination. But the latent power shows itself in certain happy and homely illustra- tions which he occasionally brings out with an obvioys relish; for in his ‘ Rhetoric,’ he shows a hearty appreciation of the impor- tance of a good use of figurative language, both in writing and preaching. There is real satiric humour in the following example of ambiguity in the use of language, which we shall take the liberty of extracting from his ‘ Logic’ (seventh edition, p. 354), though it is not used in the book under review. — “ Expect.—This word is liable to an ambiguity, which may sometimes lead, in conjunction with other causes, to a practical bad effect.” Here follows an example.— “ Hence, when men of great revenues, whether civil or ecclesiastical, live in the splendour and sen- suality of Sardanapalus, they are apt to plead that this is expected of them; which may be perhaps sometimes true, in the sense that such conduct is anticipated as probable ; not true, as implying that it is required or approved.” This might have been delivered from a cer- tain Dublin pulpit in the days of George the First and George the Second. Let us endeavour to find an illustration or two, in this book of Whateliana, to bear out our praise. The true trope, be it observed, is at once useful and an ornament,—it strengthens while it adorns. The writer who is properly master of tropes is like the housewife of old days who got her household labour done by fairies. Here are a few examples :— “The vulgar are apt to conclude that where a great deal is said, something must be true; and adopt- ing that lazy contrivance for saving the trouble of thinking, splitting the difference, imagine they show a laudable caution in believing only part of what is said. This is to be as simple as the clown who thinks he has bought a great bargain of a Jew, be- cause he has beat down the price from a guinea to a crown for some article that is not really worth a groat.” “ Falsehood, like the dry-rot, flourishes the more in proportion as air and light is excluded.” “ Truths dangerous indeed; Yes—and so are meat and drink ; but who will therefore resolve to perish with hunger?” ‘¢ Unless the people can be kept in total darkness, it is the wisest way for the advocates of truth to.give them full light.” “ As a child's father may be some mighty sove- reign, or an eminent statesman, poet, philosopher, or warrior—one whose life is of importance to millions, or whose fame spreads over half the globe; and yet be regarded by the child, who has but a very faint, if any, conception of all this, merely as his father; so our knowledge of God is almost entirely relative. He is revealed to us, not as He is in Himself, but, chiefly as He is in relation to ourselves.” “ Human teaching in religion is highly useful so

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10 THE ATHENAUM CJ an. 6, “55 long as Scripture proof is readily produced. It bears the same relation to Scripture, that what is called paper-currency does to gold and silver. Its sole value lies in the knowledge that it is convertible, on demand, into the precious metal it represents.” “ When people have resolved to shut their eyes, or to look only on one side, it is of little consequence how good their eyes may be.”’ “ There are many now who, while professing belief in the Divinity of Christianity, yet mix up with it other ideas which virtually nullify that belief. ‘ Christ,’ they will say, ‘was an inspired prophet, and so was Mahomet, and Dante, and Luther, and Mil- ton, and a multitude of others. They had all the Divine spark within them—all had great missions to accomplish,’ &c. And thus the ideas of genius and of Divine inspiration are confused together; and by raising others to the level of the Founder of our faith, they virtually degrade Him. They thus imi- tate the trick of Morgiana in the Forty Thieves, who, when she perceived one door marked with red chalk, immediately marked all those on each side, so that the mark ceased to be a distinction.” These are bons-mots in their way,—a praise which would not be. thought slight, if much “comic” writing had not made men forget that wit is an essentially respectable faculty, largely used by such writers as Plato, Cicero, Tacitus, Bacon, and Montesquieu. We will not perform the invidious task of pointing out such dicta as appear to us less ex- cellent, or such as we think we could trace to sayers of good things long anterior to Arch- bishop Whately. Nor will we step out of our merely literary province to discuss ecclesias- tical subjects with an author with whom we are only concerned as a successful popular writer on secular subjects. Future volumes will pro- bably contain matter that has less direct con- nexion with theology. The Poetical Works of William Cowper. Edited by the Rev. R. A. Willmott, Incumbent of Bear Wood. Routledge & Co. CowPERr may be almost reckoned as a contem- porary poet, for there are yet sojourners among us who remember his features, and can recall the echoes of his voice. Nevertheless, a hundred and twenty-three years had passed away, on the 26th of November, since the poet was born at Great Berkhampstead, in the year 1731. Elijah Fenton had just ceased to sing; Dr. Watts was still singing; Hughes was writing | tumid nonsense ; the roar of Swift was reaching our fathers from beyond the waters; Tickell was courting a gentle muse; Ambrose Phillips was happily translating, and William Broome was following the same facile example; Young had just produced his ‘ Revenge’ ; was creating delight by his Bceotian Pastorals ; Pope; Tom Warton was at the height of his reputation for taste and critical excellence ; Somerville was still elegant and tipsy; Mathew | Green had his ‘Spleen’ in manuscript; Savage was startling the public ear; Thomson’s ‘ Au- tumn’ wasa year old; Pope was elaborately at work with his ‘Essay on Man’; and the official laurel was resting on the brow of Colley Cibber! Such was the state of our English Parnassus when the child was born who was destined to win a name among the deathless sons of song. If there be something suggestive in this poetical complexion of the times to which we refer, so is there in the political aspect of that day, as compared with the present. In the year of Cowper’s birth, Oglethorpe stood up in the House of Commons, and expressed his satis- faction that a friendly union between England and France was not likely to exist. Half a cen- tury later, Sir James Harris (Malmesbury) pro- nounced such an union unnatural! But we have now better tastes and wiser judgments, both in politics and poetry; and we would now no more indorse the sentiment of Oglethorpe than we would accept for poetry the verses of Yalden. Mr. Willmott has edited the work before us with zeal, discretion, modesty, and success. Nor was the task without difficulties. The reverend editor notices those which arose from the poet’s neglect or carelessness of punctu- ation. In this respect, Cowper reminds us of the Rugby boy who, having completed his Greek exercise, scattered the accents ‘‘ promiscuously, for the look of the thing.’’ Cowper, indeed, did not insert points for show, but he stoutly denied their use “unless to direct the voice.” We pay no slight compliment to this volume when we say that the text appears to have been as carefully “‘ watched,” if we may so speak, as that of Young, by the painstaking editor of that poet’s complete works, James Nichols. The notes are few, but always explanatory or illus- trative. Of the biographical and critical sketch prefixed, we may say that it is executed in Mr. Willmott’s happiest manner ;—not that we always agree with that gentleman’s criticisms, —a liberty for which we are the less bound to apologize, as Mr. Willmott does not always agree with himself. Thus, at page xlvi, he remarks, that, ‘‘as Cowper is among the most various, he is also one of the most original, of our writers.” This is singularly at variance with what Mr. Willmott has recorded of the poet, in the ‘Journal of Summer Time in the Coun- try.’ At page 211 of that pleasant little work, Mr. Willmott says, ‘Titian produced composi- tions ; Constable copies. Not a spot of moss escapes him.. . . The merit of Constable is, in some degree, that of Cowper.”” Is not this ‘rue, with a difference’’? We agree with the editor in his estimate of this poet’s ‘Homer,’—that it is faithful, but harsh. Cowper himself cared for little praise that was not awarded to it. We have met with many who quite as highly appreciated it; but opinions vary, and Dr. Chalmers headed those admirers of Milton who maintained with the poet that ‘ Paradise Regained’ is superior to ‘Paradise Lost.’ Mr. Willmott, comparing Cowper’s Homer with Pope’s, says that ‘no reader of Homer will deny that Pope modernized the costume and the furniture into the flowered gown and the lacquered chair;”—we deny it most emphatically. Pope’s Greeks, indeed, are not Homer’s living Greeks, but they are fine scenic representations of the natural men. Had | it been said that the Greeks of ‘“‘ Anacharsis”’ Gay was gradu- | ally dying at the Queensberries; Allan Ramsay | Barthélemy are in flowered gowns, and seated in lacquered chairs, the assertion might pass un- disputed; but we cannot allow that Homer’s Aaron Hill was writing easy lines, and abusing | chiefs in Pope’s hands were metamorphosed into macaronis and coffee-house captains. When we saw Charles Kemble first dressed for ‘‘ Orestes in Argos,’’ so correct was the costume, that we recollect remarking, that he looked like one of Pope’s Greeks—Greek in everything but lan- guage and feature. If Mr. Willmott has varied in his opinions with regard to Cowper’s claim to be considered an original poet, he has not changed in his view of Cowper as a prose writer. He has before said of the voet’s letters that they reflect the feature of tle writer, as face answers to face in water. So in the sketch preceding the poems, in this volume, he remarks, that ‘‘ Cowper loved ‘talking letters,’ and wrote them; and if the talk be commonly of himself, who does not rejoice in the gain’’? The personal character of Cowper is touched upon by Mr. Willmott delicately and gracefully ; but all the delicacy and grace in the world cannot conceal the fact that the canker of selfish- ness affected him. Sir Egerton Brydges says of him, in the ‘Recollections of Foreign Travel,’ vol. i. p. 242, that ‘‘his taste lay in a smiling, colloquial, good-natured humour; his melan. choly was a black and diseased melancholy, not ‘a grave and rich contemplativeness.” This ig true; and Cowper, even when least unhappy and most busy in his garden, was far away from Pliny and Archbishop Sancroft, who, in their several and widely different ways, loved the life which they could spend sub Jove. Self. love was at the bottom of much of Cowper’s infelicity; and, as Mr. Willmott has remarked, “the self-love of Milton was not less than Cowper’s;” and the self-love of Cowper ren- dered him uncharitable to others. ‘“ There js some illiberality,” says a recent writer, “ in his declaring that the various occupations of other and more active men are either frivolous or criminal. Cowper patiently enjoys holding the ravelled thread for ladies to wind on to their bobbins; but he sneers at the party who sits down to chess or stands up to billiards. He will praise air and exercise, if you will only take them in company with him, in covered walks, beneath ‘an obsolete prolixity of shade’; but if you enjoy your air and exercise in field sports, you are more ignoble than your groom, and a greater brute than the victim you pursue,” Cowper, in short, could denounce ‘‘ chess” as roundly as Bishop Beveridge did, because he disliked the game. He called it immoral; but when the o’ertaxed mind needed relaxation, he prescribed his own recipe :— The understanding takes repose In indolent vacuity of thought, And sleeps and is refresh’d. Here are further illustrations of his humour. It is only necessary to premise that Cowper, in his younger days, had plighted his troth to his noble cousin Theodora; but the suit was not sanctioned by the lady’s father, and the lovers parted, “never to sce one another again.”— “ On Cowper the shock was faint and transitory; he had the wit of the Temple to fall back upon, and in the early spring of 1756 he recovered sufficient gaiety to banter old bachelors in the pages of the * Connoisseur,’ and to set forth the pleasant mischief of Miss Diana Grizzle, who utterly spoiled the only suit of a poor celibate by pinning the skirts of it together with a red-hot poker. It may be doubted if Cowper’s love for his cousin had ever ripened into any feeling, richer and more glowing than the admi- ration of an affectionate and rather changeable tem- perament. ‘I still look back,’ he told Lady Hesketh, in mature life, ‘to the memory of your sister, and regret her; but how strange it is, if we were to mee? now, we should not know each other.’ Did a love, worthy of the name, ever think or speak thus? * * Nothing in the history of poets is more touching than her tenderness and faith. Unseen she watched, and cherished, and cheered the beloved of her youth; now she increased his comforts by an enclosure: of money; at another time, she pleased him by some elegant gift. ‘Dear Anonymous,’ he exclaimed, ‘is come again.’ But Southampton-row must have faded in thick shadow, when he breathed a grateful prayer for his benefactor, and said: ‘God bless him/’ How could he unpack the parcel and take out the snuf- box of tortoiseshell, with the familiar landscape on the lid of it, and the figures of the three hares, and read ‘ The Peasant’s Rest,’ and the names of * Tiney, ‘Puss,’ and ‘ Bess,’ without being sure that only womanly tenderness could have shown itself with such delicacy and grace?” 2 Mr. Willmott makes a good and sensible est mate of Newton, the curate of Olney. 4m poor poet was hardly more fortunate with his dissenting Amphitryon, Mr. Bull, who gave to4 despairing man the task of translating Madame Guyon’s Hymns. The familiarities and the i appropriate metre of these hymns have not escaped Mr. Willmott’s notice; and he vety justly says of them, that they recall “not only the music, but the themes of Shenstone’s amé In « and pc which literati A His bert. Celti Lon Few ci search histori land, a races, | variety with a always might people perame respect: than th: contrast Dublin betweer well as. Tecent t Nor | literary Ussher, others a! known : Dublin, ' Was ori Keeper | was afte whose n concur 1 Work ; i Matter n of Dublii families and the struction The s isseen j Music, were in Tecreatio y musi able sue of Fishar @ musica

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mour, per, in to his as not lovers ? nsitory; on, and ifficient s of the rischiefs he only rts of it doubted ned into 1e admi- ble tem- Jesketh, ster, and to meer d a love, 5 # # er youth; losure: of by some imed, ‘is ave ul prayer LP How the snuff. scape on ares, and FS Tiney, that only tself with N° 14197 THE ATHENAZAUM 11 tory pastorals.” The accomplished editor might have drawn a broader contrast. Take the fol- lowing, for instance, from one of these hymns:— Ye lambs, who sport beneath these shades, And bound along the mossy glades ; Be taught a salutary fear, And cease to bleat when I am near: The wolf may hear your harmless cry, Whom ye should dread as much as L Now, in the very year, we believe, of Cow- per’s birth, tuneful Travers put to never-dying music the famous ‘Haste, my Nanette,’ of Prior, who would almost seem to have gone to the same fountain, or menagerie, as Madame Guyon.— None but my sheep shall near us come, Venus be prais’d, my sheep are dumb. Great God of Love, take thou my crook To keep the wolf from Nanette’s flock ; Guard thou tlie sheep to her so dear, My own, alas! are less my care. But of the wolf, if thou’rt afraid, Come not to us to call for aid ; For with her swain my love shall stay, Though the wolf stroll, and the sheep stray. In conclusion, we congratulate the religious and poetical public on the valuable contribution which Mr. Willmott has made to their cheap literature in this reprint of Cowper. A History of the City of Dublin. By J.T. Gil- bert, Hon. Sec. Irish Archzological and Celtic Society. Vol. I. Dublin, M‘Glashan; London, Orr & Co. Few cities present a finer subject for the re- search and illustrative qualities of a purely local historian than Dublin. The metropolis of Ire- land, ancient in foundation, peopled by various races, has annals which are rich in suggestive variety. For centuries the seat of government, with a Legislature and a. University, Dublin has always exhibited such phases of social life as might be anticipated in the capital of a lively people with quick wit and a passionate tem- perament. Its history is in some important respects more characteristic of the Irish race than that of Edinburgh is of the Scotch. Greater contrast of social elements can be traced in Dublin on account of the protracted antagonism between the Anglo-Norman and the Irishry, as well as the unhappy religious feuds of still more recent times. Nor has that interesting city been left without literary notice, as the works of Stanihurst, Ussher, Harris, Archdall, Monck Mason, and others attest. In 1818 two large quarto volumes, known as ‘Whitelaw and Walsh’s History of Dublin,’ were published in London. This work was originally begun by Mr. Warburton, the Keeper of the Records in Dublin Castle, and it was afterwards completed by the two clergymen whose names are on its title-page. We do not concur with Mr. Gilbert’s depreciation of that work ; it contains much useful and entertaining matter not to be found elsewhere. Its history of Dublin Castle and its memoirs of the various families of Dublin are particularly valuable ; and the general reader would find much in- struction in its pages. _ The social vivacity of the people of Dublin seen in the character of their amusements. Music, masquerades, and debating societies were in the last century favourite sources of tecreation in the Irish metropolis, and to this tay music is cultivated in Dublin with remark- able suecess. In giving the literary traditions ofFishamble Street, Mr. Gilbert thus describes 4 musical club founded by the late Duke of Wellington’s father.— “At the Music Hall were held the meetings and concerts of the ‘ Musical Academy,’ founded by lord Mornington in.1757, and which in four years, loans of small sums of about four pounds each, tleved nearly thirteen hundred distressed families. ‘is Academy comprised ‘ persons moving in the cenary teachers of the art were strictly excluded. Their meetings were held at the Music Hall in Fishamble-street, and their proceedings were regu- lated by a body of statutes: they were divided into three degrees—Academics, Probationers, and Asso- ciates. They met once in each week for private practice; once in each month they held a more public meeting, to which a select number of auditors were admitted by tickets; and once in each year they made a public display of their talents for the benefit of some charity, to which all persons who paid were admitted. On these occasions crowds were naturally attracted, as well by the talents as by the consequence of the performers. They saw on the stage all rank obliterated, profession disregarded, and female timidity overcome in the cause of charity; while noblemen, statesmen, lawyers, divines, and ladies, exerted their best abilities, like mercenary performers, to amuse the public.” The rules of the Society were remarkabie.— “1. This Academy shall be composed of ladies patronesses, and of ladies and gentlemen. Vocal and instrumental performers of music only to be elected by ballot.—2. The male academics only shall have a right of suffrage in the Academy.—3. All power of enacting, altering, or annulling, any statute or statutes shall rest solely in male academics, 4. No public mercenary performer, professor, or teacher of music, shall ever be admitted into any rank of the Academy on any account whatsoever.— 5. Ladies and gentlemen vocal and instrumental performers shall be admitted by ballot under the title of Probationers.—6. Gentlemen instrumental performers shall be admitted by ballot under the title of Associates.—7. The ladies patronesses, female academics, and probationers, male probationers, and associates, shall be exempt from all expenses of the Academy, but obliged to an exact conformity to their statutes.” It flourished with great success for several years,—the beauty and female fashion of Dublin being distinguished in its performances. With our more staid notions of propriety, the public exhibition of lady performers in England has always appeared at our side of the Channel to partake too much of an exaggerated character; and our class prejudices and national reserve are opposed to it. Another form of personal display, kindred with theatrical amusement — the Debating Societies — have always flourished in Dublin. Mr. Gilbert describes one of the best of them.— “ The ‘ Constitutional Free Debating Society’ began to assemble in the Music Hall in the year 1771; their debates commencing at eight in the evening, and generally terminating at ten. The speaker stood while addressing the meeting, and any member who broke silence was liable to expulsion. Crowds of the most fashionable persons attended to hear the orations, and seats were provided in the orchestra for the ladies. The number of members exceeded eight hundred, and a medal, value four guineas, being awarded every fourth evening to the author of the speech most highly approved.” —Only think of “ eight hundred” members in a spouting club; and medals awarded every fourth evening! Masquerades, also, were par- ticularly patronized in the last century at Dublin. Society was certainly very unreserved when the first ladies in the Irish metropolis thus figured on St. Patrick’s Day, 1778.— “ Among the female characters who deserve to be mentioned were—Mrs. Gardiner in the character of Sestina the Opera singer, a most inimitable mask; she sung one of Sestina’s songs. Lady Ely, as a washwoman. Mrs. F. Flood, a child and doll. Mrs. Crofton, a young miss, well dressed and charac- teristical. Miss Gardiner, as a Florentine peasant. Miss Graham, a female savage, and afterwards a dancer. The two Miss Normans, witches, Miss Evans and Miss Saunders, two Dianas. Miss Bes- ton asanun. Mrs. Trench as a housemaid. Miss Blakeney and Miss Whaley as Night. Miss O°Con- nor, Night. Miss Stewart, an Indian Princess, with a great quantity of jewels. From seven o'clock in the evening till twelve at night, the following houses were est spheres of society;’ all professors or mer- open to receive masks : Lord Roden’s, Mr. Rowley’s, Mr. Aylmer’s, Mr. Kilpatrick’s, Mr. La Touche’s, Lady Arabella Denny’s, and Counsellor Davis’, At these several houses the masks were entertained with wine and cakes, and among the rest there was an inimitable old beggarman, who excited charity in the breasts of the compassionate; he was dressed in a rug cadow, and liberally supplied with viands from the fair hands of Nuns, Dianas, and Vestals,” At the same masquerade, Lord Glerawly went as “a sideboard of plate’; and we have heard of another in Ireland, where one of the characters appeared as a milestone, while his friend tried to go as a haystack, but could not squeeze admission through the door. No capital city in Europe presented stranger contrasts of class than Dublin in the last cen- tury. Much as we have read of the jail horrors before the time of Howard, some of those re- corded in this volume appear truly horrible. Speaking of the year 1730, Mr. Gilbert writes :— “In both Newgate and the ‘Black Dog, the gaoler carried on an extensive trade by selling liquors to the inmates, who, on entering the latter place, although for only one night, were immediately called upon to pay 2s. 2d. for what was styled a ‘penny pot’; prisoners refusing to comply with this demand were abused, violently beaten and striped ; and persons not having sufficient money to pay the impost were dreadfully maltreated and their clothes seized and sold to supply the required funds, In the ‘ Black Dog,’ there were twelve rooms for the recep- tion of prisoners, two of which contained five beds each ; the others were no better than closets, and | held but one bed each. The general rent for lodging | in these rooms was Is. per night for each man, but in | particular cases a much higher price wascharged. It frequently happened that four or five men slept | together in one bed, each individual still paying the | Tent of 1s., which at the close of the week was col- | lected by Mrs. Hawkins, wife of the gaoler. Prisoners | unable to meet these demands were immediately | dragged to a damp subterranean dungeon, about | twelve feet square and eight high, which had no light | except that which was admitted through a common | sewer, which ran close by it, carrying off all the filth | of the prison, and rendering the atmosphere almost insupportable. In this noisome oubliette, called the *Nunnery,’ from being the place where abandoned females apprehended by the watch were regularly lodged, frequently fourteen and sometimes twenty persons were crowded together, and there robbed and abused by criminals, who, although under sentence of transportation, were admitted to mix among the debtors ; and if any person attempted to come up stairs in the day time, to obtain air or light, he was menaced, insulted, and driven down again by Hawkins, or his satellite, Martin Coffey, the turnkey of the gaol.” And what extortion is shown by the follow- ing Parliamentary paper.— ** An Estimate of the Yearly Chamber Rents, Fees, and Per- quisites, received by John Hawkins, as Keeper of Newgate, and the Black Dog Prison. Per Annum, Chamber rent, at 7/. 16s. per week .. .. ..£40618 0 Fees on persons committed by the Watch and Staff at three per night, and 1s. 6d. each 82 2 6 Fees on persons committed on committals from Justices of the Peace, at least 1,000 per year. at 4s. 6d. each “ se we ce oe oe GE OG O Fees on persons committed on warrants from ditto, moderately computed at a medium of 1,000 per year, at 2s.@d.each.. .. .. .. 125 0 0 Fees on persons committed by the Sheriff, at two per week, many whereof are charged with ten committals; but allowing at a medium three committals to each person ies ned ett ar SE. Di Fees on persons tried for murders, treasons, felonies, assaults, as well in the city as county of Dublin, at 240 indictments in the year, allowing he remits one-fourth of his fees at the King’s Bench.. -. .. .. «2 « «- 60 0 0 Fees on persons tried at the Quarter Sessions, atthe likenumber .. .. .. «. -. + 60 00 The benefit of his ale-cellar, at 360 barrels yearly, at 5s. profit on each barrel, not including his — on wine, brandy, rum, and other MOE 20. 45. 00, 00 06 00 0% 8 99 0 0 Salary from the city at .. 10 0 0 Total £1,163 0 6 Besides infinite extortions on all the above articles. and on Crown prisoners, for permitting them to lie in the Black Dog gaol, and not turning them over

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12 THE ATHENAUM CJan. 6,55 to Newgate, and loading them with irons; premiums for stolen goods, and other private perquisites, pecu- liar to his employment, not to be computed or valued.” And it is further stated, that until 1773 no important remedial steps were taken to ter- minate such a lazar-house, which was always spreading contagious fever. -Necromancy seems to have been much in vogue at Dublin at a comparatively late period. Mr. Gilbert’s account of the notorious Whalley is curious; and we can easily conceive that an impressionable race like the Irish were often duped by such impostors. Mr. Gilbert writes :— “Necromancy and astrology, we may observe, were practised by some natives of Ireland before the era of Dr. Whalley. Sir John Harrington, in the reign of Elizabeth, states that the English soldiers were much daunted ‘by the belief that the Irish pos- sessed various magical powers; and he adds, that it was a great practice in Ireland to ‘charme girdles and the like, persuading men, that while they wear them, they cannot be hurt with any weapon.’ Ed- ward Kelly, seer to the famous Dr. Dee, was admitted to be the second Rosicrucian in the six- teenth century, in recognition of which he was knighted at Prague by the Emperor Rodolph, who, with the King of Poland, was frequently present at his incantations. The physician of Charles IT. tells us that when that prince was at Cologne in 1654, the Bishop of Avignon ‘sent him out of France a scheme calculated by one O'Neal, a mathematician, wherein he predicted, that in the year 1660, the King should certainly enter England in a triumphant manner ; which, since to our wonder,’ adds this writer, ‘we have seen fulfilled, all the people triumphantly re- joycing.” Harvey, ‘the famous conjuror of Dublin,’ is stated to have possessed ‘the art of conjuring in Dublin, longer, and with greater credit than any other conjuror in any part of the earth. He was tall in stature, round shoulder’d, pale visaged, ferret- eyed, and never laughed.’” It is in such contracted phases of life that a really national Irish novelist would find the colour and circumstantiality requisite for real- izing past times in Ireland. Mr. Gilbert says of the old Law Courts at Dublin :— “The longest trial recorded to have taken place in these Courts was the case in ejectment of James Annesley against the Earl of Anglesey, which lasted from the 11th to the 25th of November, 1743, and furnished Walter Scott with the groundwork of his novel of ‘ Guy Mannering.’” The romantic circumstances of that extra- ordinary case ought to have been noticed by the author, as the Houses of Lords in Eng- land and Ireland were at issue on the validity of a marriage,— whereby one branch of the Annesleys was ennobled in Ireland and ille- gitimatized in this country. There are several other striking cases in the annals of the Irish Law Courts suggesting plots for novels, “ stranger than fiction’; but most peo- ple think we have been overstocked with Irish romances. Scattered through this volume are many curious anecdotes that have escaped former collectors. The following particulars. about Quin, the actor, appear to be authentic, and | have been overlooked by some who have written of him.— “ Alderman Mark Quin, of High-street, was one of the most wealthy residents in St. Michael’s parish, the plate, money and documents of which appear from the Church records to have been kept at his house, until in a fit of jealousy at the conduct of his wife, he cut his own throat, in 1764, ‘with a new- bought razor between the hours of nine and ten in the morning, in or near the Chapel of St. Mary, in Christ Church.’ Alderman Quin left an estate of about one thousand per annum to his son James, who studied at Trinity College, Dublin, was called to the Bar in England, and married a lady whose husband was reputed to be dead, having not been heard of for many years. By this lady, Quin had a son called James, born in 1693, some time after whose birth Mrs, Quin’s former husband returned and reclaimed his wife. Quin’s illegitimacy having been established, his father’s estate passed to the Whitsheds, the heirs-at-law, and the young man, being left on his own resources, appeared in the cha- racter of ‘ Abel’ in the ‘Committee’ at Smock-alley theatre in 1714, and afterwards became one of the most eminent actors of his day. * * It was believed that the Whitsheds, who, as noticed at page 147, were eminent lawyers, used much legal chicanery to exclude young Quin from the enjoyment of his father’s property, and when Judge Whitshed rendered himself obnoxious by persecuting Swift's printers, the suicide of his ancestor was recalled in an epigram beginning :— I am not grandson of that ass Quin ; Nor can you prove it, Mr. Pasquin ; And also in the following lines :— In church your grandsire cut his throat ; To do the job too long he tarried : He should have had my hearty vote To cut his throat before he married. Possibly, the moroseness of Quin’s manners may have arisen from asense of injustice arising out of the facts here recorded. Referring to another theatrical character, Edwin, Mr. Gilbert, in his account of St. Wer- burgh’s Church, writes :— “On an upright slab in the middle of St. Wer- burgh’s churchyard is inscribed an epitaph on John Edwin, an actor of Crow-street theatre, who died in 1805, from chagrin at the criticism of the author of the ‘Familiar Epistles on the Present State of the Irish Stage.*”’ In Whitelaw and Walsh’s ‘ Dublin,’ the epi- taph here alluded to, is printed at full length ; and so fierce an inscription was probably never before or since cut on stone. ‘* Died of chagrin” is not the term used in the epitaph, but a phrase far more criminatory of the severity of the author of ‘ Familiar Epistles.’ Though we should have preferred that Mr. Gilbert had arranged his facts more consecu- tively, we have been much interested with the originality and variety of his work. His re- search and reading are beyond dispute; and his performance leads us to expect still more from him as an authentic illustrator of the domestic life of Dublin in bygone days. Other writers in fiction and history will be indebted to him for the indication of much matter that might otherwise have remained unknown to them. The continuation of his work, especially the history of Dublin Castle, will be looked forward to with pleasure; but we must impress on him the necessity of foot-notes, and a closer reference to his authorities. Edward Irving: an Ecclesiastical and Literary Biography. By Washington Wilks. Freeman. Mr. Wilks is justified in stating that the fame of Edward Irving has fallen into a neglect dis- proportionate with the notice challenged by it scarce a quarter of a century ago. His works are seldom met in libraries,—his periods are sparingly resorted to for the purposes of quo- tation,—his doctrines (if doctrines they can be called) have been modified, and filtered, and appropriated with exceptions by a fanciful class | of religionists, till the prophecies of Hatton | Garden and the ravings of Newman Street are | forgotten in the splendours of Gordon Square. A solemn and sincere eulogy was, at the time | of his decease, spoken at his tomb (as it were) | by Mr. Carlyle,—but no biography of him has | been attempted, nor, indeed, seems to have been | wanted. This neglect has pained Mr. Wilks, | whose father’s friend Edward Irving was; and | | he professes in the small volume before us to supply the deficiency. Relatives are still living, however, it is inti- mated, who might be pained by any close or | minute revelations concerning the life and career | of the strange and eloquent Scottish clergyman. Mr. Wilks’s book, therefore, resolves itself into what is not a memoir so much as a panegyric with liberal quotations from the writings and reported sermons and addresses of Irving.—We are glad to receive such a cento of specimens of that quaint, gorgeous, tender, and appalling poetry (for poetry it was) which in its day, so startled the. wits and fashionable personages of London, and the Kirk Elders of Scotland, There is nothing of similar quality in the range of modern English literature. Turgid though these passages be—audacious in the orator’s attempt to reproduce the forms, phraseologies, and direct menaces or consolations which we find in the prophecies of the Old Testament— incoherently familiar and indiscreetly personal in certain of their appeals,—they are still pecu- liar and precious as utterances of genius. What- ever be the. ecclesiastical verdict concerning them,—however the analyst may discern in them a strain of theatrical exaggeration, as well as of solemn enthusiasm, — there are few persons whom their imagination will not enthral, whom their fervour will fail to warm, whom their power will not elevate. Mr. Wilks bears testimony to the potency of their spell in a manner which is more significant than it is satisfactory. He, too, will be stilted, oracular, an interpreter of pro- phecies as well as a reporter of them,—by wa of suiting style to subject. Then his faith is without limit. He will not admit that over- wrought feeling and over-strained enthusiasm took the forms of mental distemperature in Irving’s later days and proceedings. He ac- cepts, by way of gospel testimony, and not as apocryphal, the narrations and deductions put forth by the preacher himself in relation to the ‘Unknown Tongues”’ (so called),—the out- bursting of which cut short his career and sepa- rated him from the Church of his country. We have no right to scorn these frenzies as passing follies, the like of which can trouble us no more, —since we have seen, only the other day, per- sons of intellect, piety, and learning willing to sit at the feet of an American Rapper, who, for the hire of half-a-guinea, would open the spirit- world to them! In periods of high civilization, which are also periods of high nervous excite- ment, such insanities will be always prevalent. The most generous and sincere of spirits will not be exempt from the infection ; but after they are passed, let us speak gently of them as in- sanities,—let us not, because of the generosity and sincerity of their victims, essay to find in them discoveries ennobling Man’s spiritual. progress. So far from adopting any such course, Mr. Wilks endeavours to get sense on his side by asserting that the anxiety of the gifted and in- tellectual to learn something concerning the mat- ter was great; this being exemplified in the place chosen by Irving for the publication of his history of the phenomenon. This was a secular periodi- cal in some vogue. Mr. Wilks is unfortunate in his appeal. ‘To ourselves, Irving's choice of the medium of communication in question speaks with decisive and painful emphasis. Divine inspiration selecting for its mouthpiece the organ of party scurrility and literary scandal that scarcely kept at a legal distance from prose- cution! (for such was then Fraser's Magazine), —is there not in such a step an incoherence and an indecency which must stamp the chooser as knavish or callous, or else as bewildered past the power of discerning fit from unfit, right from wrong, devout from blasphemous, holy from unclean? We will not illustrate the kin- dred disregard of propriety which Irving’s record itself displays,—the place of its publica- tion sufficiently indicates, to our thinking, what manner of spirit it was put forth. Our illustration of Mr. Wilks’s undiscerning faith in his hero has led us on so far that we cannot—and indeed need not—return upon his

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"55 — gyric 3 and —We ns of alling ay, so Zes of land. range ough ator’s Ogies, ioe ent— rsonal pecu- V hat- rnin; han | as of 2rsons whom power ony to ich is >, too, f pro- y wa ‘ith is over- isiasm re in fe ac- not as 1s put on to e out- sepa- We assing more, ' per- ing to 10, for spirit- ation, xcite- alent. 's will r they as in- rosit find iritual. ourse, s side nd in- e mat- : place \istory >riodi- tunate ice of estion yhasis, hpiece ae prose- zine), rence hooser d past right holy > kin- ving’s blica- ag, in rning at we on his N° 14194 THE ATHENAUM 13 slender narrative, save in a few words. The early days of Irving in Scotland—his ill success as a preacher there—his resolution to embrace the career of missionary service abroad—his un- expected summons to London—and the furore which his first pulpit displays excited here, are noted in the inflated style on which comment has been made. The end of his career is better told than its beginning,—and it may be added, that there is no reading this volume, imperfect as it is, without interest, admiration, and sympathy. We must recognize the nervous and original eloquence of a man like Irving,—we must feel a respectful commiseration for his aberrations, and a deep sadness as we watch cloud and storm gathering round his career,—without in one point subjecting ourselves to him as to a teacher or counsellor,— without imagining, like Mr. Wilks, that though forgotten by many, the man of genius influenced a few to those good deeds which will yet bear good fruit in the worlds of faith and of morals. THE WAR. Tue War has suggested to Mr. F. Mayne the compilation of 4 Life of Nicholas the First, Emperor of Russia; with a Short Account of Russia and the Russians (Longman & Co.). —This is an unsatisfactory publication. The writer assumes that his work—which is partly a reprint—“ brings into a focus the multifarious views and opinions that are scattered through- out innumerable volumes,”—and adds, with in- cautious ostentation, that ‘‘the value and extent of the authorities’ he has consulted “ will be discovered on perusal.” Now, these ‘“innu- merable volumes”’ and these authorities of so much ‘value and extent” are reducible to a very limited collection of well-known travels, four or five newspapers, and other periodicals, one or two historical fragments, Alison’s ‘ His- tory,’ a popular Cyclopzedia and some compiled books by writers who are quite as little entitled to be named among original authorities as Mr. Mayne. So much display in the Preface, there- fore, isinjudicious, since itsuggests an idea which is not confirmed “ on perusal.’’ Moreover, the title-page contains a misnomer. The work is by no means a life of Nicholas the First. It presents only a general sketch of the Czar’s career,—derived, in a fragmentary shape, from accounts which have been cut up in paragraphs by almost every cheap periodical and provincial newspaper. ‘There is no attempt made to elicit the secrets of the family revolution, by which the Emperor came to the throne instead of his brother;—there is no criticism on the Imperial version of the story;—the attendant massacres are hurriedly noticed ;—and there is not in the whole volume a page of characteristic, original or picturesque detail. Indeed, Nicholas the First occupies only a small share of Mr. Mayne’s attention. No sooner is the Czar seated under his purple canopy than his biographer flies off at a tangent to the foreign policy of Russia, which he pursues through several prolix chap- ters, that contribute nothing towards the pro- fessed object of the compilation. It is true that there is a personal connexion between the mind and plans of the reigning Emperor and the politics of Turkey, Persia and the Caucasus during the last quarter of a century; but the treatment which Mr. Mayne bestows on these topics is such as to ignore entirely this in- teresting line of investigation. With reference to the Circassian War the tale is here repeated, of Schamyl causing his own mother to be fla- gellated ; but it would have been well if, for this statement, the writer had quoted one of his “valuable authorities.” Hvuwever, he ap- pears chiefly inclined to the merest generaliza- tion. A long paraphrase on the Polish In- surrection is introduced, in which, by way of relief, we find notes of an interview held by the Czar with a deputation of Poles, to whom he said, ‘“You have wished to make me a speech; but, in order to spare you a lie, I have not thought fit that this speech should be addressed to me. Yes, gentlemen, I say— to spare you a lie.” In this ‘ Life of Nicholas the First’ five lines are given to his visit to London in June, 1844. In fact, Mr. Mayne appears anxious to keep as far as possible from the subject of his me- moir. He could not, indeed, avoid recapitula- ting the conversations between Sir Hamilton Seymour and the Emperor; but soon afterwards quits St. Petersburgh to abridge, from news- papers, a narrative of the negotiations and of the War, from Prince Menschikoff’s mission to the Battle of Inkermann. It is only after this prelude, which occupies two-thirds of the book, that we have two short chapters on the person, character and family of the Czar; and these chapters are principally composed of extracts from writers so familiar as Custine, Michelsen, Golovin and Sterling. Then follows the ‘ short account of Russia and the Russians,”’ and the volume is ended, leaving us to feel that Mr. Mayne has added nothing to the biography of the Czar. To write a life of Nicholas the First it would be necessary to examine judicially the circumstances of his accession,—to compare his acts with his professions,—to strip off his purple and exhibit him without theatrical disguise,— to recount the changes he has introduced into the administration,—to examine the sources of his personal and public influence,—to separate what is peculiar in his policy from what is the hereditary action of the Empire and the dynasty, —to follow him into social life,—and, in truth, to define his historical character and position. This it may be impossible for a contemporary to do, especially when a jealous vigilance closes against research the archives of Russia, and seals the lips of observers; but there are many | degrees between the completion of a task and— an entire failure, such as we must pronounce | Mr. Mayne’s volume to be. With unworn enthusiasm and unwearying | energy Mr. J. R. Morell plies his pen against the government and policy of the Czar. In The Neighbours of Russia, and History of the Present War to the Siege of Sebastopol (Nelson), he advises England to discard her trust in German alliances, to despise alike Hapsburgs and Hohenlindens, to arm Schamy] in the rear and flank of the Russians in the Crimea, and to rouse the ‘terrible elements of disaffection now existing” in the Czar’sdominions. From these ideas he proceeds to a view of the actual scene of war on the Danube, the Black Sea, and the Baltic,—to describe the provinces which, con- solidated with Muscovy, have swelled a petty state into an empire,—and to sketch the con- dition of Austria, Hungary, the North of Europe, and Persia—which, with the territories before mentioned, draw a geographical circle around that great despotic realm with the monarch of which we are now contending on the Euxine shore. Mr. Morell’s narrative of the present campaign is written with spirit, and rendered additionally piquant by the sharp criticism occa- sionally introduced. We have a number of miscellanies on subjects connected with the war. Mr. Daniel Moore has printed a Manual for the Camp and the Hospital in the Crimea (Kerby), which contains a series of religious lessons.—Duty; or, the Heroes of the Charge (Masters) is a celebration of the wonderful fight at Balaklava. Some of the lines are good.—An. Apology for War, by J. Harcourt (Cotes), takes up the argument against the Peace Society,—while The Peoples of Europe and the War in the East (Edinburgh, Maclachlan & Stewart) is an attempt, not very readable, to philosophize the politics of this battle of nations.—In Kossuth: Six Chapters, by a Hungarian (Hardwicke), we find little else than petulance and anger. It is an unseason- able and ill-considered diatribe. — Still less timely, and still less likely to be noticed is 4 Letter to Col. Chesney. From an Old Brother Officer (Booth). The writer suggests that the English should propose “a suspension of arms for three or four months,” in order that nego- tiations might be resumed. ‘This, were it listened to, would be bad news for our soldiers at Sebastopol, who know that every truce is taken advantage of by their enemies to prepare new methods of destruction.—We fancy that Mr. H. Coxwell will secure more attention for his ingenious pamphlet on Balloons for Warfare (Wesley), in which he sets forth plans for shelling Cronstadt, signalling by land and sea, and scattering revolutionary papers by aeronautic means.—Percy Vyvyan’s Letter on the Rank, Rights, and Recognition of the Officers of the Army of India (Madden) also claims some notice. It is a vigorous and reasonable attack on a dictum attributed to the Duke of Welling- ton, “that no officer of the Company’s army ought to be appointed to the chief command in the Indian armies.”—Philip O'Flaherty, the Young Soldier, contains a number of letters describing personal adventures in the Crimea. The Steam Engine for Practical Men, &c. By James Hann, and Placido and Justo Gener. Printed for the Authors. The Steam Engine: its History and Mechanism, for the Use of Schools and Students. By Robert Scott Burn. Ingram & Co. TueE first work is intended solely for practical men, and contains rules—their immediate ap- plications — and theoretical investigations of these rules; to which we find superadded numerous tables of extreme utility. We think, however, that upon some points the authors are disposed to speak too dogmatically. This is especially the case in that portion of the work in which they treat of steam-boiler explosions and of spheroidal steam,—the physical con- ditions of whigh the authors clearly misunder- stand. They speak of spheroidal steam as “water flashed into an unusual quantity of elastic steam ;”’ whereas all the experiments of Boutigny and others show that the vapour escaping from water in a red-hot vessel has little or no elasticity as long as the vessel con- taining it is at a red heat,—that it may be kept forming for a long time, in a perfectly closed red-hot vessel, without giving indications of pressure; but that it recovers its elasticity as the vessel cools, and then exerts all the force which is due to the high temperature it has acquired. This is a most important distinction, and leads to considerations very different from those entertained by the authors. They do not appear to be aware of the very remarkable condition induced in water by depriving it of the air which is always, under ordinary cir- cumstances, combined with it. This air pre- serves the water in such a physical condition that it is employed with safety in all the practical uses to which this valuable liquid is applied. Deprived of this air, it becomes an explosive compound, and exhibits physical changes of the most remarkable kind. The scientific journals of Belgium and America would have furnished the authors with every information on this im- portant subject. In connexion with the Steam Jet, as it has been proposed to apply it for purposes of ven- tilation, especially in coal mines, many erro- neous opinions are put forth. Mr. Hann, who

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CJ an. 6,’55 14 > describes himself as ‘‘ Honorary Member of the Philosophical Society of Newcastle-on-Tyne,” should have made himself acquainted with the capital series of experiments, made by Mr. Nicholas Wood, on the comparative value of the Furnace and the Steam Jet in ventilating coal mines, published in the Reports of the Engineers and Coal-owners Association of New- castle, when, we believe, he would have modi- fied his conclusions. With these drawbacks, the work before us is of practical utility. The author of ‘The Steam Engine,’ for the use of schools, has done nothing more than collect and collate the best information on this important machine. Regarded as a history of the Steam Engine, the work is a very creditable one; but as descriptive of the details of the various applications of steam to machinery, it is defective. The work is illustrated with well- executed woodcuts:—these are quite sufficient to render clear the progress of discovery and the improvement of the Steam Engine; but for a work professing to describe the mechanism, far more exact details are required. Mr. Burn appears to have carefully examined the historical works relating to the Steam En- gine; and it is satisfactory to find him appor- tioning, with much judgment, his praise to Watt, Hornblower and others, who had, about the same time, their active minds directed to the application of steam as a motive power.— For the intelligent youth, who desires an ac- quaintance with this important machine, the work of Mr. Burn will prove of much value. It is pleasingly written, and, as we have said, its illustrations are numerous, clearly executed, and correct. The Island Empire ; or, the Scenes of the First Exile of the Emperor Napoleon I, Together with a Narrative of his Residence on the Island of Elba, taken from Local Information, the Papers of the British Resident, and other Authentic Sources. By the Author of ‘Blondelle.’ Bosworth. Tue story of Napoleon, like that of Cromwell, that of Mary Queen of Scots, and that of Colum- bus, seems inexhaustible. We do not mean so much in its philosophy, for in this respect it will change with changing views and lapsing ages; but in its details and accessories. Scott fondly supposed that all was known in his time of the great conqueror and greater legislator; yet we have had a library of memoirs, revelations, and recollections published since his prejudiced and well-paid work appeared, and we seem to be no nearer to an end. Only a few months since, M. de Lamartine described the fall of the great Cap- tain, his retirement to Elba, his intrigues in the island empire, his return to France, and the miracles of the Hundred Days, with a minute- ness of ramantic detail as remarkable as the passionate eloquence and pictorial power of the narrative. The poet filled a few glowing chapters with the eventful drama; to most readers it appeared as if that tale of Elba“would never need—and never bear—to be told again. Yet, here we have a special monograph devoted to the subject :—a monograph, let us add, which we have read with deep interest, if not with the bated breath and bounding pulse which whilom witnessed to the fascination of the tale of Lodi and Marengo. Our author has lived on the island—has had access: to some private papers—has collected some local traditions—and for the completeness of his story has copied from the various pub- lished accounts. His book is unequal in merit and is badly arranged. The narrative, “like a crab,” goesbackwards. It is divided into three sections:—begins in the first with the Elba of THE ATHENAUM our author,—goes back in the second to the Elba of Napoleon,—and in the third recounts the ancient history of the island. In point of literary execution, the second part is the best; it is so immeasurably superior to Part First as to suggest a different hand. possible of Napoleon and as little as may be of our author. Napoleon was a great talker; he spoke like an oracle,—for when his passions did of his age. Many of his remarks read. like prophecies, and have an interest as pressing in our time as when they were uttered. Here are some observations on Italy, which have a special significance.— “The different manners and language of the Austrians, he said, rendered it impossible for them to become popular with the Italians, who had been flattered by the formation of the kingdom of Italy. This kingdom ought to have been sustained by Eng- land, as a matter of policy, to secure an ally ; and it would equally be her policy to keep Naples separate from Sicily, as the latter, from being an island, would be entirely under the influence of England.” Later on he refers to the same topic.— “ He praised the Italians, contrasting them with the Germans, and declaring that he would always engage to beat thirty thousand Germans with twenty thousand Italians. The Germans were stupid, slow, and without pride; the Italians, quick and proud, had now become military. He had changed their habits, and abolished much of their degeneracy. All the young men were attached to the French from a similarity in many qualities, and from having served together in the army. Their minds were bent upon forming Italy into one kingdom. ‘The government of France over them had been merely novel,—that part which was united to France in departments would afterwards have become a portion of Italy, so soon as certain of his projects should have been realized. The people knew that Italians enjoyed all the appointments in their government, and they had of late felt themselves as subjects of one king- dom from Piedmont to Naples. After this, it is impossible for them to be reconciled to the changes which have taken place—to the different language and manners of the Austrians, which disgust, and to the irritating demeanour of the King of Sardinia, the Pope, and the clergy.” Napoleon never forgot his Italian birth,—and he was as fervid a hater of foreign domination in the Peninsula as the most zealous of the Italians, from Dante to Mazzini,—except when the domination was his own and that of his puppet kings. Every subject touched by the Exile seems illuminated by his genius. He saw from the immediate present into the immediate future with the clear out-look of Raleigh arid Bacon. As in the case of these politicians, posterity has nearly always ratified his judgment of contem- porary events. Here is Napoleon’s view of the American war.— “The conduct of England towards America, in the prosecution of the war, betrayed revenge. It would have been more generous to have made an equitable peace with her immediately after his abdi- cation, and it would likewise have been more politic in England; for her voice in the Congress would have had more weight, had not so great a portion of her force been employed in this contest. The English had not occupied Louisiana, as he expected, nor had they acquired any considerable or permanent object. The Americans would gradually improve, and, in the end, Great Britain would be glad to make peace without any accession of power or terri- tory. Her character, too, after standing so high in the eyes of the world, would suffer by the kind of warfare which was carried on against private pro- perty.” Here again is a far-reaching} sarcasm on a certain alliance.— “He criticised in a strain of great ridicule the nomination of the Sovereigns of Russia and Prussia to be Colonels of Austrian regiments. What child- Our readers will be glad to have as much as , not blind him, he was the clearest-sighted man | ishness! The circumstance bore no resemblance to those under which Frederick the Great paid a visit to the Emperor of Germany in Bohemia, dressed in the uniform of the Austrian new levies, as Frederick was a member of the Germanic Empire, | These regiments, however, might be employed against | their colonels.” Here is a paragraph on England,—with a moral in its tail for times when the question of a Foreign Legion is much in men’s minds.— “The Emperor paid many compliments to the: English, expatiating in praise of their character, and requesting Colonel Campbell to obtain for him an | English grammar the next time he went to’ the Continent. He declared that the imitation of Great | Britain in the government and constitution of France | was not feasible, and that it was impossible to esta-. | blish, in the latter country, houses of parliament on ; the plan of those of England, as France did not | Possess an aristocracy similar to that of the English. | He spoke with some warmth of the cessions made | by France since his abdication—in the character of | @ spectator without hopes or interest—as showing an | ignorance of the French character and temperament. The chief feeling of the French was pride and glory, and it was impossible for them to look forward with satisfaction and tranquillity while feeling such sacri- fices. They were conquered only by a great supe- riority of number, but not humiliated. The popu- lation of France had not suffered to the extent that might have been supposed. Their lives had been spared by the addition of Italians, Germans, and | other foreigners to the army.” The French Revolution, as we pointed out not long ago, meant all things to all men. No two historians agree as to its causes. Dear | bread,—the Printing Press,—Rousseau’s Social | Contract,—the pride of the aristocracy,—the | weakness of the King,—and a score of other | causes, have been assigned as its well-spring. Napoleon had his peculiar explanation.— “ There was no want of male population in France; the people of which are martial beyond any other in Europe, from their natural disposition, their Re- volution, and their ideas of glory. Louis XIV., notwithstanding their sufferings during his reign, was beloved, because these feelings were gratified. It was the Battle of Rosbach which produced the Revolution in France, more than any other of the causes to which it was generally ascribed.” Napoleon was precise and exacting. Here is a trait worth noting,—for the great Emperor exacted francs from his mother as he took crowns from his enemies.— 3 “ The evening was devoted to social amusements The Emperor would play sometimes with his mother at chess, paying and exacting the stakes that were lost or won with great precision. On one occasion, having been the victor of several games from his mother, he was heard to say playfully,—‘ Payez vos dettes, Madame’ At these times plays were acted by the Princess Pauline, the ladies of the Court, and the officers of the Guard. A deserted barrack near the palace was turned into a theatre, and here were represented the plays ‘Les Fausses Infidélités’ and * Les Folies Amoureuses.’” : Our author argues once more the question as to whether Marie-Louise visited Elba in secret with her son the King of Rome. The story, a8 he picked it up in detail, on the island, is this:— “In all the memoirs of the Emperor it has been stated, that during his sojourn at Elba, a lady with achild came to the island for a short time, who was supposed by the islanders to be the Empress, but by persons better informed, to have been another lady, whose personal attractions and accomplishments some time before fascinated him, Our host related to us the circumstances of this visit, and also the rea- sons which led him to his firm belief, that the lady in question was no other than the Empress Marie- Louise. At the beginning of August 1814, a Polish or German colonel, whose name did not transpire, arrived at Elba, and was immediately received by the Emperor, then residing at Marciana. Marie Louise was at that time residing at Aix, in Savoy: The colonel remained only a few: days, and: then went away. Not long after this, a Genoese felucoa re eee ee es EB a be ae ce & SESS MSCQsaRAS SEE SBM HESS KSEE ESE CS SMEES|] SBEE WE ESpratcesese ge

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B22 AP es ten N° 1419) THE ATHENAUM 15 the interior of which was fitted up in a luxurious manner,-atrived.at Porto Ferrajo, bringing a lady, a little boy, and the aforesaid colonel. In the course of the day of their arrival, the Emperor, accompanied by General Bertrand, Capt. Baillon, and my inform- ant,started on horseback, asthough for San Martino. Arrived at the cross-road where the roads to San Martino and Marciano branch off, the Emperor, continuing his route to the former place with General Bertrand, ordered his other two followers to wait at this spot for a carriage that would soon pass, and to desire the coachman not to proceed farther till his Majesty’s return. On leaving, Capt. Baillon said to his companion—‘ Voila, nous avons 1'Impératrice Alle d’Elbe!’ The occupants of the carriage had not to wait long for the Emperor to join them, who, on riding up, entered the carriage, while General Bertrand was observed to speak to the lady with marks of extraordinary respect. On arriving at Procchio the party took boat, and proceeded to Mar- ciana Marina, whence they proceeded to the Ma- donna, where tents were provided for their accom- modation, our Captain being desired by the Emperor to give a bed in his own house to the Polish colonel, —a command with which the Captain complied, no doubt delighted at having an opportunity to display his cordial hospitality. The following day, as the child was playing about under the chestnut-trees, the Emperor came up to Doctor Fourreau, who was in conversation with the Captain, and asked him what he thought of the child. The Doctor answered, ‘He appears to be much grown since I had the honour of seeing him at Fontainebleau.’ The Captain is not sure whether he heard the words ‘ Sa Majesté’ applied to the child, which would have placed the matter beyond a doubt; but his answer was evidently displeasing to the Emperor, who answered abruptly, ‘ Qu’est que vous chantez donc?’ and ‘turned away, leaving the poor Doctor almost in tears, and in a state only to be understood by those attendants who unfortunately fell under their master’s displeasure. Turning round to the Captain, he said, ‘ How could I be expected to know that I was to be seeret? A man. has not the power of divination of a God.’ These circumstances naturally provoked speculations; and, in addition to the facts, as the Captain asserts, that the pictures he had seen of the Empress and the King of Rome resembled the lady and her son, and that the age of the latter tallied with that of the King, have induced him to form the conclusion, which nothing can now alter. The Emperor, how- ever, on seeing that the Captain had observed that the child called him ‘ Papa,’ asked him what the Elbans thought of his visitors. The Captain an- swered,_‘ They think that Elba is honoured with the presence of the Empress.and of your Majesty’s son.” On which the Emperor rejoined, ‘ He may well be my son, and yet not the King of Rome.’ ” We incline more strongly than our author to reject the inference that the Lady and child were the august personages supposed. The Lady came from Malta,—and a gentleman who saw the child declared that it was not the King of Rome. Such a visit, however, has its own touches of romantic interest; and those who believe in the courage, the attachment, and the romantic tendencies of Marie-Louise—which we assuredly do not—may debate the question till the end of time. Elba possesses a few relics of the Exile,— among which the most interesting is a collection of books. “Amongst the other legacies left by the Emperor ‘to the capital of his ‘ state of transition, is a library of about eleven hundred volumes, some of which bear marginal notes in his handwriting. The col- lection consists of works principally of a military and historical character, a’set of ‘ Moniteurs’ bound up, translations of Latin and Greek classic authors, and oceasionally some lighter productions may be found; Voltaire’s works, grave and gay, Rousseau, and. some elementary works on botany, mineralogy, and. other branches of natural philosophy, procured evidently with the view of becoming acquainted with the produce of an island apparently designed, Its extensive, and at times even incongruous, collection, for studies of this nature. To obtain a knowledge of those things he wanted to know, the great man did‘not disdain to begin from the begin- ning, and works destined to teach children seem to have been chosen for this purpose. It will be seen hereafter, that he expressed to Sir Niel Campbell his desire to become acquainted with the English language, and requested that officer to procure him a grammar. I found two French grammars of English, in coarse paper covers, labelled with a rough cipher N pasted on the back. These do not appear to have occupied, however, much of the Emperor's time, as most of the leaves are uncut. The only work that he seems to have perused in the prose- cution of this study is one of those dully moral works calculated to combine instruction with amusement, but which generally fail in either object. The original English is placed side by side with a French translation, and the work bears the two | titles, ‘The Hundred Thoughts of a Young Lady,’ —‘Cent Pensées d’une Jeune Anglaise,’ and pur- ports to have been written by ‘ Mistress Gillet.’” It is inferred by our author,—who is very, ready to infer all sorts of generous things,— | that these books offer conclusive evidence that | Napoleon went to Elba in good faith, and with- out thought of a return to power. We will not argue the point here. We will simply express | our disbelief in any such theory. | A Treatise on Infinitesimal Calculus ; contain- | ing Differential and Integral Calculus, Culeu- lus of Variations, Applications to Algebra and Geometry, and Analytical Mechanics. 2 vols. By B. Price, M.A. Oxford Univer- sity Press. Oxrorp mathematics do not generally rank very high at the sister University of Cambridge. | A wrangler, though perhaps more than thirty places below the senior, would be disposed to | take offence if he were put on the same level as | one of the select few who form the first class in | mathematics at Oxford, and who are charitably | supposed by supercilious Cantabs to be about equal to the Senior Optimes. Beyond Euclid, algebra and the elementary parts of mixed | mathematics, the benighted Oxonians are thought to know little or nothing. As for the | Calculus and its numerous applicatidns, these are subjects of which they have only heard by distant report, and which it is questionable whether they could by any possibility be made to understand. Let those who are inclined to indulge in such imaginings, take up Mr. Price’s two volumes, | and they will soon be convinced of their error. | A more masterly production has never issued | from the Cambridge Pitt Press—we might | almost add, any press, English or Continental. | As a complete exposition of the subject of | which it treats, it contrasts most favourably with many of the meagre Cambridge text-books, which are mere digests of French works, drawn up in a shape to be more suited for cramming, than for thoroughly grounding the student in the principles of the science under discussion, Mr. Price’s treatise, like that of Prof. De Mor- gan, has the stamp of originality very distinctly impressed upon it. Even facts and principles which are by this time common stock, are stated by him in an uncommon way. There is a lucid precision and a force, combined with arich variety of illustration, such as we rarely find in English mathematical works. Mr. Price is determined that if the student does not thoroughly com- prehend the principles upon which the Calculus is based, it shall not be Ais fault. Hence, after exhibiting them in one light, he sets them forth in another; and even in stating definitions, he assists the reader to understand and remember them by giving some account of their origin. His views on the importance of understanding definitions and axioms are so just, that we are tempted to quote them.— “A due .understanding of these definitions and axioms is plainly of the utmost importance ; for on it does it depend whether we work with mere sym- bols or whether the symbols are onpeia of philo- sophical ideas which we comprehend. With the object of guarding against such superficial know- ledge, which is useful neither in its results nor as an intellectual exercise, geometrical interpretation of infinitesimals has been often introduced, and mag- nified diagrams exhibit lines, areas, angles, &c., which are represented by symbols of infinitesimals, Every process, nay, every step in every process, admits of such geometrical translation, and it is most desirable that the student should exercise him- self in it; by so doing he will have a most certain test whether his operations are according to the laws of correct inference, or whether he is merely apply- ing mnemonic rules, and groping his way in the dark | by some obscure road, and drawing his conclusions as it were by riddle.” This constant translation of analytical sym- bols into geometrical figures—thus giving to what would otherwise be vague and indistinct “a local habitation ”’ and a definite form—is one of the prime excellencies of Mr. Price’s treatise. His appreciation of the difficulties likely to be felt by the student is another valuable feature. Never did any instructor more completely put himself in the place of his pupil, anticipating his inquiries, removing his doubts, and aiding his efforts. ‘The ease and familiarity of the style— arising in some measure from the circumstance that the substance of these pages was first de- livered in the lecture-room and afterwards written with little variation—ought not to pass without mention, because this peculiarity ren- ders the work more readable as well as more instructive, and is not often to be met with in English treatises on mathematical subjects. OUR LIBRARY TABLE. Phillip Lancaster. By Maria Norris. 3 vols. (Saunders & Otley).—‘ Phillip Lancaster’ is a painstaking, earefully-written novel, and evidences a power to appreciate and to indicate shades of character. A great deal of it is extremely interesting, but the interest is not condensed; it is broken and dispersed among too many people, who have no other connexion with each other than that they all reside in the same town. There is a long genealogy of the family of Lancaster, servin, to introduce Phillip Lancaster, who is intende to be the hero; but just as the reader has be- come interested in him the story darts off to follow the fortunes of Gilbert Morris, the young Dissenting minister, his fair wife, and her sister,— who is an interesting person with her secret love and noble silence; but no sooner are the reader’s sympathies excited for her than the story digresses again to the selfish old Lord Pennington and his daughter,—the sad and solitary woman whose whole life is timid, patient, and joyless. Then a superb heroine is introduced for no other purpose but to inspire Phillip Lancaster with a boyish pas- sion, which of course she cannot requite, and to go to Italy, where a crowd of other figures are intro- duced,—and are all treated with the same emphasis, and described with equal minuteness. At theend of the third volume the story is so incomplete that a supplementary heroine has to be introduced in dumb-show, whom we are left to hope and conjec- ture may eventually reward the virtues of Phillip Lancaster, whose most remarkable achievements in the story have been—a typhus fever and an unsuc- cessful attempt at a profession. In a novel, as in a picture, there are laws of perspective which are essential to a correct representation of things, and Miss Norris apparently does not believe in per- spective, at least she entirely ignores it. The result is, much careful and minute labour, but a very confused and perplexed appearance, from the absence of any preponderating idea in the design. Miss Norris, however, possesses abundance of the requisite material for writing a novel, and we have no doubt that she will acquire a more skilful mastery over it. March Winds and April Showers ; being Notes and Notions of afew Created Things. By ‘‘ Acheta.”

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16 THE ATHENAUM CJ an. 6,55 (Reeve.)—‘ March Winds and April Showers’ is a charming book. In the guise of gossip it contains the result of much reading and personal observa- tion. It will, or we are mistaken, give all young readers a desire to obtain further knowledge on the subject treated in its pages. We cannot imagine a book that would take a deeper hold of the imagination of an intelligent child than this, which so gracefully discourses upon objects which every child may find and handle for himself in the course of his walks and rambles. Those “children of a larger growth” who have never had theiratten- tion turned to such matters, will find the book like a fairy tale, and as delightful as the fairy tales used to be in their nursery days. ‘‘ The Flowers of the Sea,” ‘“‘ Hedges in Winter,” and the “‘ Rummage in the Stone Cabinet,” are our own favourites. But there is nothing we would spare out of the book, unless it were the ‘tale for Birdnesting,” the dénodment of which is too horrible even to be used as a scarecrow against that branch of juvenile cruelty to animals. The style is not equal to the matter. It is mannered and affected, like a drawl or sing-song in the voice. Alice Nugent ; or, Seed for Coming Days. (Hope & Co.)—A good little book of good advice, in the shape of a story about young ladies with a variety of faults to mend—an admirable governess and good mamma, who excel in training young people—and who are, of course, corrected in the course of the story. There are some sensible observations upon the question of governesses. ‘Alice Nugent’ has a mild, pleasing interest, and will no doubt find favour with some readers. Charles Random; or, Lunatics at Large. By Thomas White. 3 vols. (Longman & Co.)— This is a lively and spirited performance, with the merit of being easy to read. It does not make any great inroad upon the reader’s attention or sensibilities, so that on a wet day in a country house it will be a blessing to the parties there confined. There is much good sense uttered upon many subjects, and a great deal of good feeling manifested. It had very nearly been an excellent book; but the incidents are so wildly improbable and the story so disjointed and straggling, and there is such an absence of common sense put into action (as distinguished from sentiment) that it must take its place as one of the card- houses of fiction, not calculated to endure the wear and tear of a long existence. A very little more care in the composition and selection of the incidents would have made it a finished work; but the author has preferred to leaye it coarse, clever, and sketchy. The character of the hero, as drawn by himself—a younger son—an ex-dragoon—a hard-working clergyman—is good; all the others verge upon caricature. The two heroines, Kate and Lady Helen, are composition figures not par- ticularly like human nature; and the story is told in a very careless, slovenly manner. Still the book is amusing, and we should not have been so discontented with it if the author had not shown that he has the power to do much better. Oakley Mascott: a Novel. By L. Howe. 2 vols. (Hurst & Blackett).—That ‘Oakley Mascott’ is the work of a young lady we can scarcely doubt— that it really is, as she informs us, her first appear- ance in print we have no difficulty in believing; —and if good advice had the least chance of being followed we should counsel her to let it be her last. We cannot flatter her that she has any imperative vocation for novel-writing. It is just the kind of book that a lively young lady, with experience gathered on the shelves of a circulating library, might be expected to produce. Plot, cha- racters, incidents, all belong to the same class as ‘Fatherless Fanny,’ ‘The Beauty of the British Alps,’ and other novels of the Minerva Press genus,—except that a more unskilful hand is manifest in the compilation. A young foundling, browght up and educated by a benevolent baronet —with no other clue to her parentage than the name of ‘‘ Gabrielle” and a silver medal—grows up to bea miracle of beauty and excellence, and turns out to be a British peeress in her own right. Of course there is the inevitable ‘‘ wicked noble- man” who first wants to marry her and then tries to murder her, after usurping her title and for- tune; and of course he is foiled in all his amiable intentions. But all this is hurried and jumbled, and ill put together. We have heard the facts so often that we know exactly how they ought to be told. The wicked lord is neither wicked enough nor lordly enough,—he falls far short of his proto- types of former days. ‘Oakley Mascott’ is in short a very weak, silly novel. We regret that the days of albums are departed: they had be- come great social nuisances it is true, but the young ladies who were formerly content with writing sonnets upon three tinted pages now insist on coming out into print Mary Ellis; or, Life and its Mistakes. By A. Probirer. 3 vols. (Hope & Co.)—This novel is certainly a ‘‘mistake.” It is a heavy, flat, un- readable story; the style is that of one ‘“‘ quite unaccustomed” to writing for the public, being very prosy and long winded. The heroine loses her fortune in the first chapter, and her lover fol- lows it shortly after. She behaves in all respects as a pattern heroine ought to do; and is rewarded at the end of the third volume with a rich husband of: many virtues, and her faithless lover dies of consumption, and writes her a very contrite letter, something like the confession of a man about to be hanged at Newgate. It is with novels as with cookery—the materials go for less than the skill in compounding them. The author before us has not what cooks call a “‘light hand” when they speak of pastry. A more skilful artiste would have made an entertaining book from the same incidents. Population and Capital; being a Course of Lectures delivered before the University of Oxford in 1853-4. By George H. Rickards, M.A. (Long- man & Co.)—To all students of political economy we commend these clear and masterly ‘ Lectures.’ The opinions of Prof. Rickards on the growth of population are opposed to those of Malthus. His theory of capital involves, also, an absolute con- tradiction of the doctrine—which he describes as ‘*revolting”—that the public and the State are benefited by the extravagance and prodigality of individuals. He has judiciously contrasted with the statistics of the Old World—the foundation of most previous theories—the facts furnished by American experience. By these, the economists of Europe are confounded,—their reasonings are confuted,—their arguments are reversed. Such is the basis on which Prof. Rickards has relied for a considerable part of his teaching. When we follow the increasing people of the Western continent, ever spreading more widely over fertile but uncul- tured meadows, the Professor’s view receives strong confirmation ; for, obviously, the thronged and struggling populations of Europe cannot afford statistics for the construction of a law that shall rule the propagation of a race beyond the Appa- lachian hills. That the earth is too sterile, or that its inhabitants are too prolific, is an alternative which Prof. Rickards refuses to accept. He be- lieves rather that the abundance of the world is sufficient for the nurture of all its children. In the ‘Lectures’ which enforce this idea, many rhetorical resources are displayed, yet the reason- ing is never superficial. The style is flexible and pleasant ; but in the logic there is as much seve- rity and precision, as to the use of terms and the value of words, as an economist can desire. Copyright and Patent ; or, Property in Thought : being an Investigation of the Principles of Legal Science, applicable to Property in Thought. Ina Letter to the Right Hon. Lord Brougham. By M. R. Leverson. (Wildy & Sons.)—Prefixed to a re- port of the arguments in the House of Lords, in the appeal case, ‘‘ Jefferys v. Boosey,” we have here a plea in favour of international copyright. Mr. Leverson reasons against the decision of the Peers, on the ground that it was contradictory to the spirit of English law, as well as repugnant to the natural and indefeasible principles of human justice. His logic goes back even to the original compacts of society, and, keeping close to the speeches of the noble and learned Lords, he has a retort, with an illustration, to array against every adverse sentence that fell from the Chancellor, the Judges, and the ex-Chancellors. Some of hig ratiocinations, we fear, are too far-fetched and fine-drawn to be of practical service in a discus. sion in which facts and interests prevail so stro against simple propositions of theoretical equity, However, as a zealous advocate on the right side Mr. Leverson has fulfilled a useful task. The debate and judgment of the Peers are given at length, and the letter to Lord Brougham will aid in conducting the reader to a fair opinion. Cheap Fictions multiply, if they do not improve, We have an accumulation of them before us. The first in the series is Mr. R. W. Jameson’s Curse Gold (Routledge & Co.), in which the plot is a violation of reason, probability and common sense, A poor man, named Allan Fairland, receives a letter from a mysterious correspondent, who: in. forms him that he (the poor man) shall haye 190,0002. at once, if he wilk swear not to be charitable for two years, to keep that oath secret as well as sacred, to live splendidly and not to return the money. He accepts the harsh pro- posal, and immediately, with 100%.—some in silver —in his pocket, encounters a variety of needy persons, whom he dares not relieve. He thus becomes uncomfortable, and is: thrown into every inconceivable situation of grief and perplexity, We find him shortly afterwards with a shot in his body, and Destiny threatening to weave him a winding-sheet. However, he survives, not only this, but a long succession of adventures at once impossible and commonplace. But all these yield, in their degrees of absurdity, to the last fine fre of the author. A church is disclosed, with a bridal party in the chancel. We fancy the whole extra- vaganza is about to end in a peal of marriage-bells, a train of white dresses, and a chorus of rural hurrahs, when the clergyman says, “ Wilt thou have this man to be thy wedded ‘husband?” At this question the bride lifts off her orange wreath, places it on the brow of a young lady close by, joins that young lady’s hand to the hand of the astonished bridegroom—Allan Fairland— blesses them both, and falls down dead! The “third party,” now suddenly introdnced, happens to be attired as a fac-simile of the one who died, and she becomes Mrs. Fairland,—whether on the spot or afterwards we are left to ‘decide. Mr. Jame- son had a moral to “work up,” and was, evidently, at a loss what to do with it.—Mr. John Lang has found himself in the same difficulty, leaving morals out of the question. In Too Much Alike; or, the Three Calendars (Ward & Lock) he, too, has opened and ended with extravagant improbabilities. The heroes are three in number, and, though not brothers, are exactly alike. We spare the reader an account of the follies they perpetrate and the sufferings they endure. It will suffice to know that one of the triad is a Mr. Warren, who marries at last and lives quietly with his wife, “beloved by every soul, rich and poor, in the county.” Even Rutland, we should fancy, could hardly be unanimous in love.—In contrast to these melancholy failures, we are glad to find Miss Fanny Lacy’s Merry Sparks for a Winter Hearth (Hardwicke), which are cheerful, simple and hu- morous.— Mother and Son (J. H. Parker) is the tale of a perverse prodigal, painful to read, but well meaning, and partly true in its social ap- plication.—There is less of the legendary tone than we should like in Legends of Mount Leinster, by H. Whitney (Dublin, Kennedy). The author tries fine writing, as well as comedy, and fails in both, though his stories have some reality, and are based on interesting ineidents.—In The Green- Eyed Monster: a Christmas Lesson, by Whatshis- name (J. Cooke), the old moral is enforced, that jealousy is a wicked feeling, which tortures like a thorn in the flesh; but the remedies by ‘‘ Whatshisname” are not very profound. We would give a dozen better fictions for Mr. John Henry Taylor’s Mouse and her Friends, and other Stories (Chapman & Hall). Pilpay’s Fables are 80 well known among us that many writers allude to Pilpay as though he were an English or French translator. The Mohammedans, indeed, claim it as the name of one of their authors—Bidpai —but Mr. Taylor observes, ‘there is reason to believe that the word was merely a Sanscrit term

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N° 1419] THE ATHENAUM 17 for physician.” The volume now before us con- tains a free version, adapted for children, of twenty-one sententious little tales, from an old German translation of the original Hindd fables. It is interesting to mark the similarity between some of these and the traditionary fables of Europe, most of which, probably, came circui- »tously from the East. Thus, ‘‘the faithful dog” in Pilpay is repeated in the beautiful Welsh le- nd of Beddgelert, though in the latter a wolf is killed instead of a snake. Mr. Taylor remarks, that ‘The Jar of Honey’ bears a close affinity to ZEsop’s ‘ Country Maid and her Milk-Can,’ and a still closer resemblance to ‘Lazy Heinz’ in Grimm’s German collection. But he will probably find more exact similitude in the story of Alnaschar, and his Basket of China, in the ‘ Thousand and One Nights.’ These poetical analogies or deriva- tions furnish a curious study and suggest a good subject for such writers as are busy with the earlier and simpler forms of romance and fable. LIST OF NEW BOOKS, Abdul Medjid, Poems, by H. B. Macdosiald, fo. Svo. 38. 6d. cl. Anglo-Belgic Ballads and Legends, by C. ¥’. Ellerman, 7s, 6d, cl. Arrowsmith’s (Rev. A.) Geographical Dic. of Holy Scriptures, 15e. Augustin, the Happy Child, from French of Mad. Monnerod, 38. Barnum’s(P. T.) Life, written by Himself, Author’s edit. fe. 1s. cl. Bielfeld’s .) Guide to Painting on Glass, 12mo. 1s. swd. Blaikie’s (Rev. A.) Philosophy of Sectarianism, post 8vo. 6s. 6d. cl. Chalmers’s Select Works, edit. by Dr. Hanna,‘ Sermons,’ 28.6d. swd. bers’s Edu. Course, ‘ Treat. on Practical Mathematics,’ 6s. 6d. Cornwell's and J. G. Fitch’s Science of Arithmetic, 12mo. 4s. 6d. cl. Jent’s (F.) Treatise on Clock and Watch Making, 12mo. 2s. cl. Jod’s Peerage, Baronetage, &c. Great Brit. & Ireland, 1855, 108. 6d, ly Leaves; or, Scraps and Sketches, Literary, &c. 2nd series, 28.6d. ‘orbes’s (Prof.) Literary Papers, 12mo. 6s. cl. raser’s (W.) Parish Sermons, fe. 2s. 6d. cl. * Hassall’s (Dr.) Food and its Adulterations, 8vo, 288. cl. Hogs’s Instructor, Vol. 3, new series, 8vo. 68. 6d. cl. Huc’s (M.) Chinese Empire, 2 vols. 8vo. 218. cl. Lamp of Love (The), 2nd series, 32mo. 1s. 6d. cl. Leon ; or, Old Paul’s Treasure, by Onesimus, fe. 2. 6d. cl. 's (Dr.) History of England, 10 vols. Vol. 7, cr. 8vo. 38. 6d. cl. Little Duke (The), 2nd edit. sq. 3s. 6d. cl. London and Proyincial Medical Directory, 1855, 12mo. 7s. 6d. cl. Month in the Camp before Sebastopol, by a Non-Combatant, 5a. cl. Muirhead’s Origin, &c. of Mechanical Inventions of Watt, 3 v. 21.58. Murray's British Classics, * Johnson’s English Poets, Vol. 3,’ 78. 6d. Olden and Modern Times, Poems, by Rev. W. 8S. Marriott, 2s. 6d. Oliver & Boyd’s New Edinburgh Almanack for 1855, 18mo. 58. bds. ‘arley’s (Peter) ‘ales about Animals, 11th edit. illust. 16mo. 63. cL Political Annual (The) for 1855, 12mo. 1s. swd. Punch ! Vol, 27, 88. c} . ato. 88. cl. togers’s (H.) Essays, from Edinburgh Review, new ed. 3 vols, 218. cl. appho, a Tragedy, by F. Grillparzer, cr. 8vo. 38. cl. aay (A. P., M.A.) Historical Memorials of Canterbury. 72. 6d. re (B.) Life and Landscapes from Egypt, 2nd edit. 7s. 6d. cl. 's (D.) seepiaition on Certain Parts, &c. of the Blood, 10s. 6d. Townshend’s (Rev. C. H.) Mesmerism proved True, 2nd edit. 58. cl. Two) Post (The), 8vo. 3a. cL. Varden (The), by A. Trollope, post Svo. 108. 6d. cl. Vatson’s (Rev. G. W.) Sermons, 12mo. 7s. cl. Westwood’s (T.) Berries and Blossoms, 84. 38. 6d. cl. Williams's (J. B.) Practical Geodesy, 3rd edit. 8vo. 88, 6d. bda. Xenophon’s Anabasis, Part 2, by H. Young, 12mo. 1s, bds. (Weale.) [ ADVERTISEMENT. ] THE AUTHORITY FOR THE NON-OBSERVANCE OF THE SEVENTH DAY. It is recorded in Holy Scripture, Gen. ii. 2, 3, That, on the Seventh Day of the creation, Almighty God “‘ blessed and sanctified the Seventh Day ;” this He did, without exemption of any Nation, or limitation to any time; the command, therefore, is universal and imperative. It is asserted, in direct contradiction of the expressed declaration in this record, That God did not deliver this command, on the Seventh Day of the creation ; but as there isno command in Holy Scripture for the observance of the Seventh Day, but this, previous to the time of the Seventh Day being treated of, as a commonly known and observed Institution, see Exod, xvi. 23, &c.; this assertion cannot be regarded. It is asserted, That though our Blessed Lord or His Apostles are not recorded in Holy Scripture to have com- manded, yet the Apostles and first Christians, in addition to their observance of the Seventh Day as a Sabbath, are tecorded to have observed a Second Day in each week as a day for assembling together for Religious purposes, namely, The First Day of the week; and further, it is asserted, That this day in Holy Scripture is called ‘‘ The Lord's Day.” This is all that Holy Scripture does, or is asserted to Tecord on this subject ; and as our inquiry has relation to acommand of God, we cannot give heed unto Tradition, without incurring our Blessed Lord’s condemnation of the men of His time, seeing He condemned them, not for any fallacy in the argument they had constructed ; but for the impiety of constructing any argument on Tradition, to change any command of God. See St. Mark vii. 13. It therefore appears, That there is no authority for the On-observance of the Seventh Day, above, Dogmatic Teaching; or, The Edict of a Living Infallible Head. May Almighty God grant us to consider, Whether if the Non-observance of the Seventh Day is not preached by St. ul, and where is it preached by him? we are not cursed the apostle, if we so Preach, even though we claim to have powers equal to the Angels of Heaven. See Gala- tians i. 8. HERMAN HEINFETTER. 17, Fenchurch-street, 1st Sabbath, of 1852. P.8. January 1, 1855. Again, I inquire, ‘Hath the Lord as great delight in burnt offerings and sacrifices, as in the voice of the Lordy : =— ODE. The following Ode was written on hearing that the last shell fired at Inkerman had blown to pieces the horse of Major Paynter, commanding the Artillery. Perfusa quanto sanguine Hyems tepet Britannico de fonte! Virilium Semper fuisti victimarum Prodiga, Taurica Chersonese ! Quis vulneratum deferet auribus Nuper relictz celsi animi virum ? allebit ut conjux sub Haemo Vipereo moritura morsu. Spes insusurret credula credulz Jam jam reversurum edomito Scytha, Jam jamque sanandum ; salutem Contulerit popularis aura. Equus sed idem non revehet domum— Discerptus ille est sulphureo globo : Restabat ante atque inter hostes Solus eques, medius suorum. Plerosque mortis perpetuus sopor Pressit ; quibusdam cara parentium, Quib et ipsis cariora, Nomina contremuere labro. Sublimiore, O Anglia, anhelitu Nunquam attigisti culmina gloriz, Nec fortiores militarunt Sub ducibus magis imperitis. LANDOR. FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE. Paris, January, 1855. TuHE world is invited for this year to ‘ the capital of Europe,”—which, whilst it is beginning to doubt its pre-eminence in letters, still claims absolute supremacy in matters of Art. Every effort is making to dazzle and overwhelm the stranger. From the fagades of the houses,—where elegant ornaments, hitherto unnoticed, are coming out beneath the hand of the regrattew, who ex- punges dust and dirt as the morning-sun drives away shadows from the plain,—to the innermost recesses of the private cabinet, everything that can exhibit French superiority in the appreciation of form and colour is receiving a final touch and being put in the: proper light. Numerous works by the most eminent artists are proceeding in closed ateliers,—all to be ready by contract at the great reception season. M. Barye, the sculptor, is to astonish everybody by some masterpieces which he is preparing for the Louvre. This is a good time, therefore, to disseminate some notions on French Art,—not according to any elaborate method, but by way of commentary on passing events. We ought to be prepared for what we are going to see,—not merely informed as to dates and facts, but made aware, to a certain extent, of the theories and principles in vogue. For this purpose I have thought it worth while to collect some accurate information on the establish- ment of the Permanent Commission of the Fine Arts in 1848,—the result of its labours,—the ideas put forward at its meetings,—the documents pro- duced,—the reforms suggested,—and the abuses criticized. This is a page of our secret contem- porary history. It was during the government of General Ca- vaignac,—whilst France was still breathless after the struggle of revolution,—that Monsieur Du- faure, the Minister of the Interior, instituted the Permanent Commission. No report of its proceed- ings has ever been published. A full account would have cast much light on a condition of things very little known ; and would probably have influenced and corrected on many points public opinion in France, —a public opinion which, I may be allowed to say, without assuming superiority for any other country, is profoundly ignorant of many things it believes itself to know best. The Frenchman has certainly an artistic instinct ; but instinct is not knowledge, and indeed guides un- erringly only in the sphere where knowledge is not required. Monsieur Dufaure was serious in his desire to give to Art in France under the Republic a de- velopment never before known. He included in his Commission the most celebrated artists, the most distinguished amateurs, and some persons remarkable for administrative capacity. The Duc de Luynes was appointed President. Among the members were Messrs. Ferdinand de Lasteyrie, Rivet, Allier, Bavoux, and Frémy, of the Con- stituent Assembly; Messrs. Delaroche, Ingres, Delacroix, painters; M. Duban, architect of the Louvre and of the Palais des Beaux Arts; M. Gisors, architect of the Luxembourg ; and M. Hen- riquel Dupont, engraver,—with many others. M. Dufaure began business by saying that it was notorious that under the reign of Louis Philippe a great want of order, the interference of Deputies, the disputes of rival schools, the rigour of the Academy, and the favouritism which had become the habit of the Administration, had exerted con- siderable influence for evil on the fortunes of Art and the condition of artists; that he, in common with others, had been struck by the unanimity of public censure and complaint; that he was very desirous of remedying this state of things; but that being a mere administrator, not much versed in the arts, and yet unwilling to be the dupe of subordinates, he had, with the atest care and the most perfect good-will and impartiality, com- posed the Commission, calling together the leading persons connected with Art, all whom he con- sidered the most competent ; and, in fine, he sub- mitted the whole matter to them, and was ready to abide by their judgment. Nothing could be more fair. The fate of Art seemed to be placed entirely in the hands of its protectors and friends. If anything was possible beyond individual exertion, now was the time to show it. The Duc de Luynes replied to M. Du- faure, thanking him warmly for the confidence he had shown and for his generous intentions, and pro- mising the greatest zeal. This would, perhaps, have been a proper termination to the first meet- ing ; but, the representatives of systems and theo- ties diametrically opposed were present, eager perhaps for the fray. At any rate, just as the Minister was about to withdraw, a Member of the Institute, a painter, celebrated in Europe—one of those already named—rose, and in an emphatic manner claimed a hearing. There can be no doubt, from his tone and aspect, that he felt per- suaded that he was the man to establish the true basis of whatever could be done for Art, and dis- tinctly mark the limit within which the Commis- sion could be of service. He spoke eloquently ; but the substance of his discourse, rather dog- matic than discussional, may be compressed into a very few words. “ Art,” he said, ‘‘is everything: artists are nothing. A nation has no call whatever to trouble itself about any save a few eminent artists. It is its business to notice and consider nothing but High Art— Monumental Art (le Grand Art, l’Art Monumental). There are five or six artists for the State. There are five or six pages for the State to fill up. Beyond this, all—men and things—should be systematically set aside and discouraged, it being better that the should utterly disappear.” Such was the hars thesis which the Academician developed in the most elaborate and systematic manner. M. Du- faure was astonished. The Commission remained silent. In truth, whilst the Minister, who had come down with the most benevolent intentions, the most sincere desire to extend the patron of the State as widely as possible, was bewildered by this bold claim of monopoly, the assembly of artists, amateurs and politicians was strongly disposed to accept, if not to support, it. Artists —I speak, of course, of French artists—when once the world and official taste have styled them illustrious—soon acquire an aristocratic mode of viewing things. There is no vice so easily learned as contempt, especially when interest is allied with pride. Great ‘‘reputations”—even those who have marched up towards the summit with the gestures of demagogues assailing high places, shouting against monopoly—soon become exclu- sive amidst triumph and repose. They do not see that easy chairs may be found for all who come up. As to amateurs and government men,— still speaking of France,—they incline aristocrati- cally, because they rely on the infallibility of their

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18 THE ATHENZUM judgment, and cannot suppose that any remark- able work, any sign of talent, worthy of notice and encouragement, can escape them. Genius, according to them, rallies round power neces- sarily, and need not be sought. As for mediocrity, let it expire where it takes birth. At the bottom of all this there is a secret belief in the unerring judgment of the popular voice; and official en- couragements are always withheld from those who have not received the vulgar sanction of applause. Thus they changetheircharacter, —become rewards, not encouragements,—privileges, not trusts or aids. Those who enjoy and those who dispense them are equally content,—and all new proposals of a more democratic character are received with suspicion and even anger. The party of exclusion seemed to have a large majority in the Permanent Commission called together by a Republican Min- ister. The opposite view, however, was soon taken up and fully handled by another speaker, also an artist, but of a younger class, and recently appointed by the Revolution to the Direction of the Louvre. M. Jeanron said (in substance), —‘ Art is not everything ; nor are artists nothing. To say so is an exaggeration. Wherever Art is well understood artists are well treated; and wherever artists are well treated, Art is well understood. The French School suffers, and does not keep the promises it holds out, because these ideas are not received. Nothing is so fertile and fertilizing as liberty and sympathy. Despotism and exclusion are sterile. To say that there are five or six artists only to consider, to assist, to support, to employ, and to know, was bold, but not bold enough. I expected to hear their names; and, although they are nearly all present, and although the speaker, who can count them on his fingers, places himself amongst them, this ought not to have withheld him. However, I start from this premise to travel towards the absurd. Even under that supposition the Minister must change our arrangements, If there are only five or six artists about whom we should trouble ourselves,—by this is meant those who flourish But and manifest themselves in their full vigour. there are five or six coming on to take their places, unless you draw up the ladder quite and condemn Painting to live in France only some ten years more. Five or six coming, and five or six already come,—that makes, let us say, twelve. But you will not forbid by a decree the exercise of genius to the son of the poor. If not, has France nothing to care for in that direction with- out changing the numbers laid down? Moreover, by the side of those who have come and those who are coming, there are those who are going away, —five or six whom we are still bound to honour, and, if necessary, provide for. Shall Homer now- a-days be allowed to beg, even of a Minister, because we can -prove that he has not been prudent and economical, and has not put his _ Money in the savings bank? I will name no one living. Greuze died in misery and neglect. Verdier, the first Director of the School of Rome,—styled the French Poussin,—and Jouve- net were beggars in the last years of their lives. Yet our nation boasts of their works; and should be able to boast of the consolations it gave them. If the blind harshness of practice be regretable in such instances, here we have eighteen artists of whom we should take care. We must alter our statistics and open a new account. The ques- tion becomes complicated. You talk of artists of the first rank. Nothing more easy to say. But what is meant by the first rank? Where is the second? What are their relations and their real differences? You have many names on your lips. Choose one that is high-sounding, indisputable, consecrated by all nations and ages. Well, I say, if he be great, he isthe first of a | numerous crowd that follows close at his heels, —and by its powers, its inspirations, its tentatives, auginent his powers, stimulate his inspirations, encourage his tentatives, so that his genius be- comes as it were an epitome of theirs, the harvest of a sowing made by less fortunate companions, more or .less intelligent it is true, but who often have supplied him with far more than he supplies to his successors. Quote one. Shall it be Michael Angelo at Florence? But Florence, in the time of Michael Angelo, counted with pride its bands of painters and sculptors. She might easily have said: Michael Angelo is the first of my workmen ; but, after him, what a crowd I possess,—what a crowd I employ,—who are the ablest in the world! Shall we speak of Rubens at Antwerp, with his thirty assistants, whom history names as Masters ? There are deep mysteries here which the Commis- sion must penetrate if it desires really to know. Rome, Florence, Bologna, Venice, Amsterdam, Antwerp understood matters very differently from us in the splendid time of their Art; and this Re- publican assembly may deign to meditate on their wanderings, although their academical statistics were not so rigorous nor their theories so dogma- tical. ‘* But you proscribe also all assistance and en- couragement given to women. Why so? If they possess talent, is it not bestowed on them by God, or does it rise up and show itself against nature ? Do not throw work into the hands of a lady,—do not buy her pictures because she is the mistress of a Deputy, or of his son; but if sheis the daughter of an artist, or of any other poor person, and pos- sesses true talent,—as for example Mdlle. Rosa Bon- heur, whose father was a most humble painter, but a laborious, well-instructed, respectable man, who, from I know not what hope of compensation, devoted all his children to the art that had proved so ungrateful to him—why, I say, should you make this hope vain? These are evil counsels lead- ing to evil actions.—Properzia de’ Rossi, Rosalba, Elizabeth Chéron, Claudia Stella— poor women who all dared to confront the miseries of our art,— have honoured it as much at Bologna, at Venice, at Paris as many an Academician. ** You speak also of Monumental Art. Thisisa fine phrase, little understood, like many other fine phrases that run the streets. Ostade, Claude Lor- raine, Paul Potter, Cuyp, Ruysdael and Rembrandt, to mention no more, are not Monumental Artists. But neither is Rubens, nor Vandyke, nor Titian, nor Le Sueur, nor Le Poussin. They were ignorant, according to you, of the first principles of that sober, that lofty style of painting which you call Monumental, and which so proudly disdains the weak affectations and flimsy supports proscribed by Michael Angelo in his terrible saying. Let it be understood, then, that if Titian or Rubens, Vandyke or Rembrandt, Ostade or Claude Lorraine, or Mu- rillo were to appear in these rigorous days and ask for the slightest encouragement from M. Dufaure, he must answer: ‘We acknowledge nothing but Monumental Painting.’ Yet we visit Flanders and Holland and Spain, which after the lapse of cen- turies are proud of these names, and we scatter gold to bring into our museums the works of men to whom—if they now lived for the honour and glory of this country—we should deny the slightest assistance.—Believe me (continued the speaker, addressing the Minister) we shall have many ques- tions to discuss, many men to notice; for France has crowds of obscure problems to solve, numerous unknown talents to discover.” It is curious to notice how in the domain of Art, as in the domain of Politics, the rival principles of exclusion and liberty almost necessarily manifest themselves as soon as there is a serious gathering. M. Jeanron, speaking with somewhat of the ag- gressive spirit of democracy, no doubt excited ani- mosity,—for all the celebrities of Louis Philippe’s reign were, almost without exception, in favour of encouraging only those who no longer required it. In another letter I will relate the fortunes of a remarkable artist—M. Guignet, and show the in- fluence of this first meeting of the Permanent Commission on those fortunes. Border of the Lake Fucino, December, 1854. WirH all his faults, His Majesty of the Two | Sicilies has the merit of having encouraged many ;important public works. I shall not enumerate them here, but call attention to one great work now in its commencement, with every prospect of ,its being brought to a successful conclusion. I | allude to the draining of the Lake Fucino, or Cel- lano. It lies in the centre of the boot, about 80 miles east of Rome and 110 north of Naples; and being surrounded by the highest. Ap@nines is, ag it were, tue reservoir into which fall all the rain and melted snows which flow down from itg gigantic neighbours. From the effectual manner in which it is inclosed on all sides, there is no natural outlet for its waters, and thus it happeng that an immense space of land is submerged,—q yet larger space is continually threatened by the possible rising of the body of the lake,—much land and capital have been lost,—and the inevyi- table consequence would be, that capital would be completely withdrawn, and what might be made a garden would become a desert. Yet, notwith- standing these uncertainties and dangers, such ig the fertility of the soil that a population always springs up in its immediate neighbourhood, just as it does on the ashes of Vesuvius. The object of the present undertaking is not merely to drain the lake, but to form a channel of commu. nication with the Liris, whereby all future ac. cumulations of water may be carried off. The enterprise is one of the greatest of the pre- sent reign; but before entering into details, it | may not be uninteresting to the general reader to | know something of its history. Julius Cesar in- | tended to have it drained, and might have doneso had it not been for his death. Claudius was the | next emperor who undertook the work, and that, too, in good earnest; ‘‘not merely for profit,” says Suetonius, ‘‘but for glory.” It is inter. esting to observe, that the mode of completing the enterprise was similar to that now adopted, Certain persons offered to drain it at their own expense, provided the land redeemed was conceded to them. Partly by tunnelling, and partly by cutting the mountain, he with difficulty completed a canal, after working. eleven years incessantly with 30,000 men. Pliny, speaking of it, says :— “Amongst the great works of Claudius especially deserving of notice, though destroyed by the jealousy of his successor, was the tunnelling of a mountain to carry off the Lake Fucinum; * * and all was done in the midst of inner darkness; facts beyond the conception of all, except of such as have seen them, and incapable of being described by him in language.” The praise is not too great, when we consider the low state of science which marked that age, and the want of powder. All the details of the outlet were not completed, however, by Claudius; and Nero, so far from finishing them, suffered it to fall into ruins, Adrian repaired it. From that time, or from the fall of the Koman empire, up to the thirteenth century this grand public work experienced the same fate with all other public monuments in Italy. Frederic the Second, in 1240, Alphonse the First, of Arragon, and Prince Colonna, at the beginning of the seventeenth century, made seve- ral efforts either to drain the lake or to limit its ravages; all of which, from various reasons, failed. Under the reign of Charles the Third, the waters of the lake became so low that the remains of Mar- ruvio, one of three submerged cities, were dis- covered, and all sense of danger passed away ; but | from 1783 to 1787 the floods returned yet stronger than ever, and wholly destroyed the fertile lands in the neighbourhood. From that time till now various plans have been presented, adopted, and begun, though for several reasons suspended. The | work is now, however, it is to be hoped, ina | fair way of being completed. The company who have undertaken this project is called Neapolitan, , though I believe there is not a single Neapolitanin | it; whilst the Concessionaire isa Frenchman. The | work is to be completed in eight years, on pain of forfeiture of certain rights. The commencement of | the operations will be upon the old tunnel of Clav- dius, which is incomplete, and is 16 feet below'the j lowest part of the bed of the lake. Its actual height is from 7 to 14 feet; but it is now proposed to enlarge it to the height of 20 feet, and 16 feet breadth. When completed, a dam is to be erected at the mouth of the tunnel, with a number of sluices at different levels. The highest sluice will be opened, which will carry off the first few feet of the surface water. Whilst these works are il course of execution, dredging machines are to be used, with the view of clearing a canal for the CJ an. 6,°55- allude water: plana been : curiov sent d is as belong high g is sug vailin; carrie its hei are ca ensues in the some ¢ other j water posed, fissure when chann¢ either, confer by the subme: rietor lormed carried amoun the. su splend: wherel e su consta: Propos trie cir erect g

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N° 14197 THE ATHENZAUM 19 sluices to the deepest part of the lake. The sluices will afterwards be removed one after another,— one only remaining in permanence to regulate the flow of the water into the tunnel. To this must be added, that the formation of a reservoir, asa temporary recipient for rain or river water, enters also into the plan of the company. In this way modern: science and enterprise will triumph over obstacles which nature has ever inter- osed to the cultivation of a vast tract of land, and will complete a work which was designed so far back as the time of Julius Cesar. There is this difference, however, that whereas the ancient plan contemplated only the limiting of the inundations of the lake, the actual plan attempts the complete drainage of it. Of enterprises of this character it is said to be the grandest that has ever been undertaken. Lake Haarlem extended, indeed, over a larger area, but it was not so completely drained as the Lake of Fucino will be. A few words now as to the benefits arising from this mighty operation. Thirty-three thousand acres of the richest soil will be reclaimed,—which become the perquisite of the Company. This is not all, however ; for an end will be put to the uncertainty and insecurity which arise from the periodical rising of the lake, and which forbid the employment of capital on land which may be submerged the next season. This probability, or possibility, de- pends on a curious feature in the natural history of the lake. I allude to the sudden rises to which it is subject, the causes of which have never been explained, though speculation has been busy. The variation in its level within twenty years has amounted to so much as 40 feet, it having been in 1816 higher. by 40 feet than it was in 1835. Since that year it has again been gradually rising, until it has now risen 20 feet higher than it was in 1835. These are no slight variations, and prove how much danger attends the cultivation of the land bordering the lake for a considerable space. Strabo, in a note which I quote from Suetonius, alludes to the yet greater height to which the waters attained in his days, and suggests an ex- planation of the cause similar to one which has been adopted in the present day. It is a most curious question. One favourite theory of the pre- sent day, though without any facts to support it, is as follows:—There is a certain drainage area belonging to the lake, but a considerable belt of high ground above it has no drainage at all. It is suggested that in the winter time, with a pre- vailing wind from one direction, the streams are carried towards the Lake, increasing its bulk and its height. With a contrary wind these streams are carried off, and a corresponding diminution ensues. Another theory is, that there are fissures in the rock whereby the water escapes—that by some causes these fissures are closed—that during other years these fissures are again opened and the water flows. The drainage of the water, it is sup- posed, leaves sand and earth which choke up these fissures, that the water consequently rises, and when high bursts through and finds for itself a channel. Whichever theory be right, or whether either, it is clear that an immense benefit will be conferred by the drainage of the lake, not merely by the restoration of much land that is constantly submerged, but by giving security to the pro- prietors in the neighbourhood. An idea may be formed of the immense quantity of water to be carried off by a rough calculation that it will amount to as much as the Thames carries off in the summer time. I am told that it is a most splendid site for a regular system of irrigation, Whereby the value of the land will be doubled. The surface of the ground is regular, over which constantly flow a number of small streams. It is Proposed, therefore, to form a number of concen- tric circles round the lake, or its area rather, and erect sluices on them at the crossing of each of ese rivers. Nor is this vast undertaking without gteat interest to the antiquary. Three cities and 4 large number of counting-houses have at various me been swallowed up by the waters of the ‘ke. History preserves the names of these three Cities— Valeria or Marruvium, Penna, and Archip- Geen contain a treasure of antiquities per- not less precious than that of Pompeii. In end of the fourteenth century, the waters of the lake fell so low that the ruins of the ancient Valeria were exposed to view. The statues of Claudius, of Agrippina, and of Nero, were found there, and now adorn the Palace of Caserta. Amongst other objects, have recently been dis- covered the ruins of a house on the borders of the lake, and a large stone bearing an inscription, on which is recorded the name of a freedman of Tiberius Cesar. The curiosity of the antiquary will therefore be now especially directed to the Lake of Fucino,—and from time to time I shall hope to send you notices of important discoveries. H. OUR WEEKLY GOSSIP. Our correspondence on the invasion of authors’ rights, established in Canada and in progress at the Cape, points to the necessity for a more efficient organization of Literature than now exists. Art possesses an organization. Science possesses an organization. When a question arises touching the interests of Art and artists, the Royal Academy is up in arms. When the interests of Science are assailed, the Royal Society is there to make defence. Because these corporations repre- sent the whole body of workers in these great de- partments of intellectual activity, the public will listen to their words and Ministers accede to their requests. But who is tospeak for Letters? True, there are many Societies acting in the name of | Literature—holding their rank as exponents of | literary interests: the Society of Antiquaries, the Royal Society of Literature, the Athenzeum Club, | the Guild of Literature, the Royal Literary Fund | Society, the Literary Institute of Great Britain, and some others. Which of these, however, would think of speaking to the Minister and the nation in the name of Literary Men? The Royal Aca- demy does speak for Art,—the Royal Society for Science. But the Society of Literature, when a case of wrong like this new law at the Cape is made public, knows that t# does not sufficiently repre- sent Men of Letters to be able to challenge atten- tion in their name. The Society of Antiquaries would be heard on any point connected with its studies; not on the very modern subject of copy- right. Other Societies have special objects. The Literary Fund Society has lost influence; the Literary Guild has yet to win it. Nor couldeither Society, as at present constituted, undertake the general guardianship of literary interests. What is wanted by men of letters is a literary organiza- tion. Until Literature acquire such an organiza- tion it will be likely to suffer wrongs,—which all must regret and none will be able to resist. The Queen has granted a pension of 501. a year to Mrs. Kitto, from the Civil List. The diploma of the Historico-Theological Society of Leipsic has been forwarded to the Rev. William Cureton, Canon of Westminster, creating him one of its Honorary Members. This is a gratifying recognition by so important a Society of the services rendered by Mr. Cureton to Biblical and Oriental learning. Our readers will be glad to hear that the Forbes Testimonial Committee have conciliated all opin- ions by adopting the double form of memorial— medal and prize of books, anda bust. The prize is to be annual, to be given “‘ to the most distin- guished student of Natural History in the Govern- ment School of Mines.” Some weeks ago, in anticipation of the Printed Report, we announced, as the results of the In- quiry of the Committee, that Haileybury, as the exclusive avenue to Indian service, is to be closed, —the head-quarters of Oriental preparation being transferred to Oxford, —without, however,excluding other colleges throughout the country from the advantages of the change; and that the Indian ser- vice is to be thrown open to all capacities, under certain special and not unreasonable restrictions —an announcement now confirmed by the Printed rt. ie incredible story is making “‘ the grand tour” of the journals about a supposed discovery of an unpublished novel by Scott. We have not noticed it hitherto, in the hope that it would die the speedy the reign of Charles the Third, about the latter | death of all impostures :—nor should we have noticed it even now, had we not found from corre- spondence that our silence is supposed to have the significance of assent. The tale, as set afloat in a publisher’s puff preliminary, runs thus:—In the year 18— a German merchant who had made a fortune, and was at a loss how to spend his money, conceived the idea of forming a library on an eccentric principle. After building a room to his taste, and lining it with book-cases curiously carved, he determined that his library should consist of the works of two authors—Scott and Goethe. He desired to possess every edition of these authors. He employed M. Cabany, of Paris (the father of the author of the puff in question), to buy the books, gave him six months to execute the com- mission, desired above all things that the collection should be complete, and requested that each volume might be richly bound. In the original letter, written by the German merchant to M. Cabany, it is not pretended that anything is said of manu- scripts, but it is alleged that before the collection was completed he desired that it should comprise a manuscript of Scott. Scott, accompanied by his daughter Anne, came to Paris to collect. materials for the ‘History of Napoleon.’ Through the mediation of William Spencer, Miss Anne Scott —it is pretended—was induced to take an interest in the quaint fancy of the bibliomaniac. Her father—it is again alleged—had long before given to her a manuscript story, called ‘ Moredun,’ which had never been published. She prevailed upon Sir Walter to allow her to give ‘Moredun’ to William Spencer. A letter, which it is said ac- companied the gift, runs as follows :— ** Paris, 4th of November, 1826. ** My dear W——S——..—I am constrained to make of this. note a letter of initials, for I am not quite satistied with myself in agreeing to write it, and there is no saying into whose hands it may fall. The story which Anne has told. me about your daft friend, the foreign monomaniac, is as clearly the case of a man who ires to be cog dasI ever met with; but as it appears to me that she has taken it most ridiculously to heart, we have brought our discus- sion of it to a conclusion, by my consenting to her deing what you could not be told of until she had received the permission of papa. She had possessed herself, for a long time past, of a tale which I had at one time the intention of making the first of a series of such things, drawn from the history of Scotland, a notion which I afterwards gave up. tor Anne, however, that story hus ever possessed a great charm; and I allowed her to keep it, because | was under | the impression that a mere story, which offers no particular merits but those of events and a plot, would not appear advantageously amongst works which had the higher object of painting character. That would be to take a step back- wards, which would neverdo. Besides, as far as I can re~ collect, there are a great many anachronisms and freedoms used with persons and places which are not in keeping with the character of historian, to which I now aspire. I con- sider, then, that in authorising my daughter to give you that work as a panacea for the imaginary ills of a foreign monomaniac, I only permit a change of proprietorship. At the same time, in allowing Anne to make a present to you of what is but a trifle after all, 1 must make a most serious stipulation regarding it; for I tell you candidly that I be- lieve W——S—— himself to be the real malade imaginaire. That stipulation is, that if at any time you take the fancy of publishing that tale you will do so with the initials only, and that you will do all that you can in fairness do to coun- tenance the idea that it isa bairn of yourain. 1 wish L could do something for you personally of some less doubtful character than of humouring the caprice of a daft man; but you know how I am placed at present. Believe, however, that you have no more sincere friend than Ww. 8. Here is a string of allegations, some of which, if the facts were true, would be capable of proof. Was Scott a man to give away manuscripts worth a hundred times their weight in gold? Could he have given a novel away without some trace of such a transaction being left in his minute and familiar correspondence ? Is the above letter in the style of Scott? Does not the first ph read: as if written—not for the gift—but for the recovery of the imaginary romance? In short, can anybody read this letter without feeling that the story is as. gross an attempt.on public credulity as ‘ Vortigern’ or ‘ Walladmor’? The new Report of the Spalding Club, ‘founded for the purpose of printing historical, ecclesiastical, genealogical, topographical, and literary remains of the north-eastern counties nec oo re of progress in the long-ex ‘Collection o Dicwings of the Ancient Sculptured Stone Monu- ments of Scotland,’—of a ‘Selection of Papers from the Charter Room at Cawdor,’ as being nearly ready for delivery,—of the first part of ‘ Extracts from

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20 THE ATHENAUM

abil CJ an. 6,55

the Diary of Alexander Brodie, of Brodie,’ being at press,—and of other works, including | the ‘ Diary of General Gordon,’ from the Royal | Library at St. Petersburgh, and ‘ The Bruce,’ as | being in a state of preparation. The auditors’ | y report shows a satisfactory balance in the Trea- surer’s hands. A strange paragraph appears in the Irish papers, announcing that Mr. Carleton, the novelist, is about to emigrate to Canada,—and has chosen the time to fling the following lines in the face of his country.— Ungrateful country, I resign The debt you owe to me and mine; My sore neglect—your guilt and shame— And fling you back your curse of fame. Mr. Carleton—we may remind our readers—has ‘been for many years in the receipt of a Govern- aent pension, amounting to 2001. per annum, as an acknowledgment of his literary merits. It is -searcely necessary to add, that we withhold our belief in the seriousness or authenticity of the above defiant lines. Mr. William Owen, son of Prof. Owen, is ap- spointed to a junior clerkship in the Foreign Office, Downing Street. ‘On Monday next the British Museum will re- -open after the holidays. The Horticultural Society have made some ‘changes in their programme. The first open-air gathering of the year is to be held—by permission of Her Majesty’s Commissioners—in the gardens -of Gore House, instead ofat Chiswick, As the late- ness of our English summer so often renders the day -of the May meeting cold and comfortless, a change which brings the Festival of Flora in that month some miles nearer home is clearly for the better. These garden meetings are in future to be held on Wednesday instead of Saturday. As regards the ordinary meetings in Regent Street, these are to be six in number for the year,—to be held in February, March, April, May, June, and Novem- ber. A new or an increased interest is to be given to these in-door meetings by the greater attention that is to be paid to practical results. The Council, in proposing these additions to their programme of Exhibition, say:—‘‘ Among the unenumerated articles which may be more particularly noticed, are Ornamental Plants, and Useful Fruits or Escu- lents of all kinds; Models of Improvements in Horticultural Buildings, Improved Garden Imple- ments, and whatever contributes to Garden Deco- ration. The Council will also be glad to encourage the production of examples illustrating the opera- tions of Arboriculture, whenever they are calculated to throw light upon either the theory or practice of that important branch of rural economy, or upon the quality of British-grown timber; the very great interest which some exhibitions of this class were found to excite in the spring of 1854 induces the Council to draw particular attention to this point.” The course of events has shown that new sources of supply for some great branches of manu- facture require to be discovered, such as textile materials of all kinds. Such exhibition may aid in the discovery. We hear from Paris that the Minister of Public Instruction has raised the salaries of Professors of the Faculty of Medicine from 6,000fr. to 7,000fr. He bas also increased the allowance to Professors of the Faculties of Letters and of Sciences present at examination from 5fr. to 7fr. for each examina- tion. He has, moreover, decided that the maxi- mum of what is called the Zrentuel (what is received from the pupils) shall be 5,000fr. for professors, 2,500fr. for agrégés, and 5,000fr. for secretaries. Railway companies, if not always ‘‘ on the crest of the advancing wave,” are still sensible of obliga- tions implied in the very fact of their exercise of great powers. A Crewe founded in the midst of material intefests is a fine witness for the spirit that accompanies true enterprise in these later days; and arts encouraged, charities promoted, schools endowed in many quarters, are also wit- nesses of the best kind, that money-making is not “‘the be-all and the end-all here,”—even among those who are believed to be uncompromising worshippers of Mammon. As yet another witness as

of this sort, we chronicle with pleasure the open- ing of the New Schools at ‘Doncaster, built by the Great Northern Railway Company. In the good old times which some of us deplore, when the Great North Road brought thousands of vehicles a year through Doncaster and the equipages of our Charleses, Jameses and Elizabeths drew up before the Bear and Crown, who ever heard of the Road Trusts founding schools or troubling themselves about the education of the post-boy’s or the ostler’s little folks ? An attempt is being made to unite the two Universities of Aberdeen — King’s College and University and Marischal College and University, —and on condition that the union shall include the Colleges as well as Universities, Government proposes to introduce or support a bill through Parliament. The two Universities are among the oldest of the educational institutions of Scotland. King’s College and University was founded in the year 1500, and opened in 1505; Marischal College and University was founded in 1593. The affairs of the older College are conducted by the Senatus Academicus, which consists of the Principal and Professors. From the decisions of this body appeal is competent to the Rectorial Court, which is com- posed of the Rector and his four assessors, and thence to the Chancellor—the Earl of Aberdeen. The government is of the most exclusive character, and the private endowments are of a very valuable description. Hitherto there has been great diffi- culty found in getting at a full knowledge of the resources of the College and University, notwith- standing that several Royal Commissions have made this a special subject of inquiry; but enough has been ascertained to warrant the presumption that under an improved system of management they might be greatly enlarged. The foundations of the College are very valuable, and also under the care of the Principal and Professors. There are in all 134 foundations, or bursaries, whose aggregate annual value is 1,770/.; 84 of the foun- dations are open to public competition by students from any part of the world. In the University there are nine chairs, five of which are in the Curriculum of Arts, the other four being for Divi- nity, Medicine, Civil Law, and Oriental Lan- guages. The patrons are the Rector, the Pro- curator Gentium, and Senatus Academicus, with the exception of the Divinity chair, the patronage of which is vested in the Synod of Aberdeen, in the Church of Scotland. The students in Arts number about 240. The College buildings are situate in Old Aberdeen, and about a mile from Marischal College. The affairs of the younger institution are managed by the Senatus Acade- micus, which consists of the Chancellor, the Rector, the Dean of Faculty, the Principal, and the nine Professors, from whose decision appeal may be taken to the Rectorial Court, which con- sists of the Rector and four assessors, who are elected annually, on the lst of March. There is a chair of Natural History in this College, under the patronage of the Crown. The chairs of Moral Philosophy and Logic, of Natural Philosophy, Greek, Humanity, in the Curriculum of Arts, are also in the gift of the Crown; while the Town Council presents to the Mathematical chair, and the College to most of the others. There are 114 foundations of the annual value of 1,1501., 70 of which are open to public competition. The ancient buildings of the University having fallen into decay, a new building has been erected at a cost of nearly 30,000/., of which sum Parliament voted 15,0007: In this building there is accom- modation for a much larger number of students than attend the College ; but the attendance has been increasing, and is larger this season than it has ever been before. Improvements have also been introduced in various departments, and the University has gained a high character of late, which it promises to maintain; there are no students resident in the College, but here, as at Old Aberdeen, the fees are so low that most stu- dents can afford to board with private families in the city. Union of the two bodies would increase the means of education, give a higher value to the degrees, and enrich the professorial chairs. These latter are at present poor; and one reason strongly urged for the union is, the hope that Parliament

will be induced to increase its grants in aid of Scotch Universities. The WINTER EXHIBITION of No SKETCHES, and WATER- COLOUR DR Rae or ae Bare 78H BCH 1, “ - NOW pag A at the GALLERY, ap Pall a aily, from ‘en in ie orning unt: ve.—. One Shilling. Catalogue, 6d. < i — COLOSSEUM, Regent's Park.—Admission, 1s.— The origin: PANORAMA of LONDON BY DAY is exhibited daily, a half-past Ten till half-past Four. Museum of Sculpture, Conser: vatories, Swiss Cottage, &c. The extraordinary PANORAMA of LONDON BY NIGHT, every Evening from Seven till Ten, Music from Two till half-past Four, and during the Evening. CYCLORAMA, Albany erage NOW Orr a_Colossal Morin, Diorama of the City and Bay NAP . MOUNT VESU VIUS,and POM PEI. exhibiting Fd great hee ption of 79, and present state of the Excavated City. Painted by Mr. J: M'‘Nevin, from Sketches taken by himself in 1852. Daily at Three and Eight o’clock, with appropriate Music and Description. —Ad- mission, 1s.; Children and Schools, half-price. ROYAL GALLERY OF ILLUSTRATION, 14, Regent Street. —The geo Y CHARGE at BALAKLAVA (painted by the Messrs. Danson) is “Te added to the DIORAMA illustrating EVENTS of ‘the WAR. The Lecture by Mr. Stocqueler, including ription and ic of ——-" Gabions, Fascines, &c. Daily x 3and 8. —Admission, 1s, 28. .»

Mr. ALBERT SMITH’S MONT BLANC is NOW OPEN EVERY EVENING (except Saturday), at 8 o'clock. The Morn- ing eevee sae take place every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, at 3 o’clock. Stalls can be taken at the Box-office every day, from 10 till4—EGYPTIAN HALL, PICCADILLY. UEEN’S CONCERT ROOMS, Hanover Square.—The AZTEC LILLIPUTIANS, the REPUTED GODS of IXIMAYA, and the EARTHMEN, or ERDMANNIGES, People who burrow under ground. The first of either race ever seen in Eu urope—the existence of which hasbeen much disputed. Grand ees a from 11 to 1 o'clock. Tectures at 12. miss: Re- rved Seats, 33. : Children, Half-price —EXHI BITIONS f for the MILLION in the LINWOOD GALLERY, Leicester Square. Observe the Prices—Gallery, 6d. ; Body of the Hall, 18.; Stalls, 2s Daily, from 3 to 5, and 7 to 94. Lectures at4ands The ro having been pre epared for the purpose, will accommodate 1,500 peo 5 atatime. Miss Clarie Walworth, Mr. Henry Smith, and - Morris, on the Crystal- -Ophonic, will assist these human puzzles (concerning whose history, birth, and abiding-place all the world are at variance), forming an Entertainment unlike any —— introduced to the London public. * History of the Aztecs,’ 18., and * Earthmen,’ 6d. LOVE’S NEW ENTERT AIN MENTS.—Christmas aan. Ventriloquism Extraordinary.—Upper Hall, Regent Gallery, 69 Quadrant, Regent Street, completely refitted for the occasi with New Entrance, New Stage, New Cloak-rooms, &c. Ever: Evening at 8, except "Saturday ; Bitele Foy at 3—Mr. LOVE, uni- versally accepted as the first dramatic ventriloquist in Europe, will present his NEW pot ne hen tg wo cea and LONDON SEASON,’ vand other entertainments. Pianoforte, Miss Julia Warman.—Stalls, 3s.; Area, 28.; Gallery, la Tickets at Mitchell’s Royal Library, 33, Old Bond Street; Turner's Music Depdt, 19, Poultry ; and at the Rooms, between 12 and 3. ROYAL POLYTECHNIC SDESEUTION. —The folotees REMARK BLE RS ees ve 9 ae a ¥. PRE- PAKED.— URE by J. H. Per Professor yale 's «tt hE on the TRANSMISSION, of SOUND, onan h ye Cc oe itiesiseted bya ge CON- RT—F ART of NTIRELY DID opr ead DIORAMA, gine SINDBAD the SAILOR, with beautiful P rh RS aed VENIRE the Music, arranged b: i MOND HG, the 8th inst. LECTUR TRIAL CLASSES: On PHYSICAL GEOGRAPE THAN Spicer, LL.D. &c.—Grea PINCRHA SE in the VIEW WAK: The BATTLE of ithe. ‘ALMA, Rx of SEBAST OFO the ENGLISH BATTERIES, &c., &.— URE on the rath RIFLE, and that Dovrerfil Implement re Wan theSTEAM GUN, rojecting SIXTY BALLS per minute, which’ has been aaa by Mr P ERKINS, and will ine Piuiciny. b *daily,and i in the Eve wERCTURES on ELE by Dr. BacnuorrrerR.— Crawrorp’s VOCAL ENTERTA NMENT of the PATRIOTIC SONGS of SCOTLAN D.—For the: special AMUSE EMENT of the JUVENILE AUDITORY, DAVIS’s INGENIOUS MARIO- NETTES will be exhibited.—All the other LECTURES , EXHI- BITIONS of MODELS, &c. &c.—Fresh Decorations.

wn Noorpen’s New MUSICAL GAME, the POLY-HAR- Oxte ON, igo Daily by the Inventor. ARGE THEATRE is open on Saturday Evenings, 30 Halt — Beven “we ,Ten, with Mr. CRAWFORD’S TVinelvations of the PATRIOTIC SONGS of SCOTTANDS ~ AMERICAN ENTERTAIN MENT, and Mr. WAUD’S BAND.

MEETINGS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. Geographical, 84.— Notes during a from De performed in ersia,’ by Mr. Abbott.—Despatch from Dr. Livin; containing his Routes from Lake Ngami throu Interior of South Africa to Angola.— Despatch from Col Herman, stating that the Reports of Dr. Barth’s Death may still prove unfounde Institute of Actuaries, 7.—' On the Jeprovement of Life Contingency Calculation,’ by Mr. Fa Tvurs. Byro- Egyptian, 74.—"A further patchy mould Explanation mstitution of Givi by Mr. Sha —_ iv Moy.

iz pon Mr. Barlow’s paper, * On some vom °F eatures ae Pater: ring Strata of the London Basin Zoological, 9.—Scientific. Royal Society of Literature, Ethnological, 84.—' On the Wen. £4. Character of the Ethnological Exhibitions of London,’ by Dr. Conolly.— Notes on the Natives of Tropical Kegion of Australia, from Cape to Port Errington,’ by the late Dr. Sibbald. Graphic, 8. oe a of Antiquaries, 8. ya Royal Academy, 8.—‘Architecture,’ by Prof. Cockerell. Fri Philological, 8. Sar. Asiatic, 2. Tucrs.

FINE ARTS A Hand-book for Young Painters. By C. B. Leslie, R.A. With Illustrations. Murray. Lxcrurss delivered by the author at the Royal Academy form the nucleus of this volume. Mr. Leslie declares in his Preface that he is driven to write, not because no previous writers 02

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urope, ropriate i ‘THE rte, Miss ekets at s Music ollowing AND, the | BAND. formed in y ©. R. ray. 1e Royal at he is rriters 0B N° 1419) THE ATHENAUM 21 Art have existed, but because too many have already lived, and too much has been written. He is not afraid, he says sarcastically, at the pre- sent day of want of patronage for Art, but of want of Art to patronize. The discovery of his own errors entitles him, he thinks, to expose the errors of others; the discovery, he ingenuously says, made too late to benefit himself, may be soon enough to be ef use to others. He does not, however, under the modest title of ““A Hand-book” address stu- dents alone, but matured painters and the whole world of general purchasers. Mr. Leslie’s book is divided into sixteen chap- ters, in which he discusses the following subjects : —the imitation of Nature,—the imitation of Art, —the Distinction between Laws and Rules,—Clas- sification, —Self-teaching, —-Genius,—the Ideal,— Drawing, — Invention, — Expression, — Compo- sition, —Colour,—Raphael,—the Flemish Painters, —Landscape and Portrait. The illustrations are, eclectic examples culled from universal Art, from Orcagna, Lippi, and Angelico, downto Jan Steen and Terburg. Mr. Leslie’s catholic taste dwells with pleasure on Hogarth and Michael Angelo, and yet loves to expatiate on such smaller mortals as Cozens and Girtin, the founders of the modern English school of water-colour painting. Mr. Leslie’s mind, while very universal and academic in its tastes, is certainly not beyond its age, nor free from ultra-conservative and conven- tional predilections. His genius is not innovating or subversive; and rests quite satisfied with old truths, and sometimes, we almost think, with old errors. Mere enamelled pieces of drapery—such as Terburg’s upholstery picture, ‘The Satin Gown,’ thoughtless and objectless as it is—delight him apparently as much asall the piety and purity that pervade the religious poems of Fra Angelico. Ruysdael satisfies him in landscape, and Jan Steen in his choice of subject. It is as an opposer of many of Mr. Ruskin’s opinions, however, that Mr. Leslie chiefly demands the thanks of the artistic world. He shows that it is from Lord Lindsay that this reformer has so ‘largely borrowed ; and in the works of the noble writer will be found his new opinion of the purity and spirituality of blue as a colour, compared with the sinful associations of red. By both writers, the sensuality of great colourists has been insisted on, following out an idea of the marvellous but crazed Blake, that ‘‘ Correggio was a soft and effe- minate, and therefore a most cruel, demon, — whose whole delight is to cause endless labour to whoever suffers him to enter his mind.” To Blake, ¢chiar-oscuro seemed an “infernal machine in- vented by Venetian and Flemish devils.” This Art-mysticism Mr. Leslie entirely subverts, by showing that the sensual Correggio was fonder of blue than red. For the Pre-Raphaelite school to reject such men as Titian, Correggio, Rembrandt, Rubens, and Reynolds, seems as absurd to our writer as for Prof. Airy to revive the system of Copernicus. The whole book may, in fact, be considered as a protest for the old masters against the new heretics. He says :— ** But the young painter is now told that he must ‘go back to first principles.’ And what, I would ask, are these first principles? Many of the principles of Nature, most important to Art, are among the latest discoveries. But the student must ‘ascend to the fountain head, he must study Duccio and Giotto, that he may paint like Taddeo di Bertolo and Masaccio—Taddeo di Bertolo and Masaccio, that he may paint like Perugino and Lucca Signorelli,—and Perugino and Lucca Signorelli that he may paint like Raphael and Michael Angelo? But I ask, why should he aim to paint like any, even the last of these? Why attempt that which never has been, and never can be accomplished ? — namely, the reproduction of the exact style of any age or master. Northcote was told that a Picture had been painted by a living artist that might be mistaken for a Claude. ‘ Then I know,’ was his reply, ‘ that it is good for nothing; if you should tell me that a picture Were painted as fine as a Claude, it would be quite another thing, for to be equal to Claude a painter must be as dis- tinct from him as he was from all the painters before him. He must have looked at Nature for himself as Claude did ; availing himself of the assistance of previous Art only in the degree in which Claude did so.’ ” On Turner, as put into competition with Claude, and idolatrously praised by Mr. Ruskin, Mr. Leslie is justly severe. ‘There never lived one,” he says, with clenched teeth, “in whose works greater absurdities, or a larger number of impossible effects, might be pointed out,”—and in Claude can be found passages not in Turner, just as there are passages in Turner not in Claude. Turner saw variety of colour where others saw only unity ; and, therefore, often when there was really only unity, he ostentatiously put variety. Mr. Leslie laments that the ‘ Building of Car- thage’—heavy, theatrical, and “ evident paint ”"— should be hung next Claude’s sunny ‘ Embark- ation.’ The most artificial work of the great Englishman looks ill beside the most natural work of the great Frenchman. Claude could not paint a storm. Turner was all rain and thunder :— Claude is all amenity and sunshine, douce, bland, and gentle. Turner, cynical, prefers ‘‘ great-coat” weather, and his eyes grow brighter as he looks out grimly through driving mist, and sees the trees “‘ jewelled with the rain-drops.” Mr. Leslie acknowledges that Turner is a great ruler .of light and space, and ‘‘a prince of the powers of the air.” About Turner’s trees, Mr. Leslie and the arch- critic, with his old lamps and new (Aladdin’s among them), fall out again. Our author looks through Turner’s works, and finds no tree much like Nature but here and there a willow, and some few dozen Italian pines and cypresses. He re- members no oak, elm, ash, or beech, and by no means the wild perfumed tangle (sweet as Nerza’s hair) of an English hedge. The vegetation of his foregrounds is not English,—and -from his never expressing the deep fresh verdure of his own coun- try, ‘‘he is the most unfaithful (amongst great painters) to the essential aud most beautiful cha- racteristic of English midland scenery.” In a Sketch of that view from Richmond Hill which Quin, with watery lips and rolling eye, once de- clared was ‘‘a perfect haunch, sir, by Jove!” Mr. Leslie says, Turner has given the objects a brown-gravy colour never seen in emerald-loving Nature. The trees are of forms unknown in this planet, and are shaped like pears with the stem downwards. Let us not conceal the fact :—Turner could not draw. He did not always see the true form of an object, and when he did, could not always convey what he saw to paper. In another place, Mr.’ Leslie ‘laments the ‘‘palette-knife epoch” of Turner's mind. ‘I have laid the palette-knife down,” he said himself in one of his letters, ‘‘ but not until I had cut my own throat with it.” The pictures of this epoch are fre- quently forged; the Wardour-Street art being just able to rival such mere smearings of dirty brushes as constitute the chief merit of those works. Ina subsequent passage, Mr. Leslie says, Turner fell into the common mistake of supposing warm colours essential to convey the idea of warmth in a landscape. The gold idol is thus proved to have feet of clay; or, like the Dagon of Ascalon, to terminate in a fish’s tail. We hope such severe technical lessons as this will lead Mr. Ruskin to study that interesting work, ‘Glanville’s Vanity of Dogmatising,’ and lead him to see that truth is prismatic and many-sided. Constable is Mr. Leslie’s weak point. We all have our idols: —some are mere fetishes, and others resemble the Apollo,—but are no less idols. The simplest things that Constable said, even to trifles such as “‘ Do you take soup ?”—“TI will trouble you for a slice of that mutton,’’— seem indelibly engraved on Mr. Leslie’s mind. Consta- ble was a great painter; but still a painter of small and local aspects of a county he had only partially seen, and one who carried artifices of conventional mechanism to a blameable extent. Here, again, his champion runs full tilt against Mr. Ruskin, who has dared to touch his shield and deny the beauty of his love. Mr. Ruskin, in his ‘Modern Painters,’ accuses Constable of despising Ancient Art. His champion answers : he copied Raphael's Cartoons in pen-and-ink; sketched from Ruysdael, Wilson, Rubens, Teniers, and Claude; and his walls were covered with pictures and prints: in fact, he “‘ venerated styles in Art that have been venerated by all the best artists.” In reply to a charge of Constable’s unteachableness and want of veneration in approaching Nature, the gallant knight pricks forth again, and quotes Constable’s own lectures inculcating humility on the student. He denies that he had a morbid preference for subjects of a low order, and asserts that he drew better than Turner. The painter's love of ‘ great- coat weather” is refuted by a knowledge of all he has painted ; many of his best works being all a-glow with the kindling azure and scft invisible fire of summer. . For past as well as existing institutions, Mr. Leslie has an amiable but undue reverence. He still keeps a lamp burning before small shrines, of a worship elsewhere forgotten. Fuseli he values rather by the size than the sublimity of his works. Impetuous fancy, running to caricature,— bad drawing and anatomical affectation, — made the fiery Swiss a mere ape of ‘‘ Michael Angelo.” Incongruous thoughts, untrue to themselves, false to Nature—gaping, goggling, brawny monstrosi- ties—filled a mind as wilful and as warped as Haydon’s. Fuseli looked at Nature with a squint. He painted ghosts, and he was the ghost of a painter,—he knew light and shade, and used his light to illuminate the shades, and his shade to make us long for light. He learned anatomy, and determined to become a Buonarotti. He was like aman who buys a property-room, and determines to become aShakspeare. He knew all the combina- tions of muscles, and peopled Heaven with strong developed calves and flabby arms. All his life was an impetuous dream of Art yet to be born. Mr. Leslie says he was a perfect master of ‘the eva- nescence of colour.” Sneering Northcote tells us he would sweep his thumb round his palette and smear it on his canvas, and say complacently, **My Gott! is not dat ver like Teeshian ?” Of amiable Stothard, Mr. Leslie discourses pleasingly, rating him too high, of course, forget- ting his pretty mannerisms; and remarks the growth of Art from Fuseli the Swiss, to Stothard the Englishman. Of the versatility of his mind, our author says:— “‘For more than half a century Stothard was engaged in illustrating not only the contemporary literature of his country, but the works of her best poets, from the time of Chaucer to his own; his employers, with the exception occasionally of the goldsmiths, being the booksellers. By these he was engaged in every species of composition, from illustrations of Homer and Shakspeare, to designs for spelling-books and pocket almanacks, fashions for the Ladies’ Magazine, portraits of popular actors and actresses in character, as well as other subjects of the day, such as ‘Balls at St. James’s,’ ‘The Employments of the Royal Family,’ ‘ The King going out with the Fox Hounds,’ &c., and numbers of his early designs are from novels and poems, the very names of which are now only preserved in his beautiful art. By the goldsmiths he was employed in designing ornaments for plate, from the Wellington Shield to spoon-handles for George the Fourth.” The taste of an artist turned tradesman made Stothard’s works little but graceful sketches. At the close of his life, he exclaimed, ‘I feel that I have not done what I might have done ;”—a late penitence, indicating more of aspiration than power. We cannot say he reminds us of Raphael or of Rubens. Beside one he is a mere purveyor of plum-box nymphs ;—by the other, an elegant pos- ture-maker. We agree, however, with the author in pronouncing the illustrations of Pilgrim’s Pro- gress and Robinson Crusoe his best works. That Flaxman, a sculptor, would like a painter whose style is conventionalised from limited antique draw- ing, we can quite imagine; but we do not care to know that Mr. Stothard once said, as he walked down Fleet Street, that ‘‘ Nothing was so difficult to paint as people doing nothing.” We agree with our artistic Boswell in this dictum—with one ex- ception: there is only one thing more difficult, and that is, painting people doing something. Though his ‘ Wife of Bath’ is a failure, Stothard had a quiet, paterfamilias sort of humour. We quote our ‘ Hand-book.’— ** His constant friend, the venerable author of the ‘ Plea- sures of Memory,’ possesses many of the finest of his works, and delights in pointing out the refinements of expres- sion with which they abound. Among them is a vignette drawing of the Turk who, in the Arabian story, sees his turban, the folds of which contain his money, carried away by a kite. The bewildered Mussulman clasps his hands on his bald head, as if the evidence of one sense were not suffi- cient to assure him of his loss. In a design, the subject of which is Gil Blas attending his master, the Canon, at dinner, Mr. Rogers noticed to me that the old epicure while putting a spoonful of soup into his mouth, is devour- ing with his eyes a dish which Gil Blas is about to place on the table.” . Stothard, we are told, like Hogarth, had seldom recourse to a model;. and this wilful de from Nature our guide to youth recommends.

Page 22

22 THE ATHENAUM (Jan. 6,755 Better for them” both had they had more. Then would Hogarth have given us better colour and Stothard less monotony. Of Stothard’s habits we ‘When not engaged at his easel, his time was almost always spent in long walks through the streets and suburbs of Londun. In the summer he was fond of country excur- sions, and for Gae entire summer, as I have heard him say, he and one or two companions lived in a tent, on the banks of the Medway, where they hired a boat and spent days in sailing.” Of dear old Bewick, simple and true, Mr. Leslie gives us some interesting remarks.— ‘“‘The charming vignettes that ornament these books abound in incidents from real life, diversified by genuine humour, as well as by the truest pathos,—of which the single figure of a shipwrecked sailor saying his prayers on a rock, with the waves rising around him, is an instance. There is often in these little things a deep meaning that places his art on a level with styles which the world is apt to consider as greatly above it,—in proof of which I would mention the party of boys playing at soldiersamong graves, and mounted on a row of upright tombstones for horses; while for quaint humour, extracted from a very simple source, may be noticed a procession of geese which have just waddled through a stream, while their line of march is continued by a row of stepping-stones.” Mr. Leslie seems uncertain whether Wilkie had the gifts of colour and imagination. He had one as much as the other; that is to say, he possessed neither. His colouring was decent, his imagina- tion was remembrance. To the prudent ambition and fantasies of his later life Mr. Leslie is too lenient. “De mortuis nil nisi bonwm” is injustice to the living who are suffering, and unjust to the dead who have ceased to care or toil. He says, with kind and genial criticism,— ‘The picture which I believe would be selected by painters from among all his works as the most perfect specimen of his art, is that of the ‘ Whiskey Still,’ painted for Sir Willoughby Gordon. It is an extremely simple com- position, containing but three figures. An old Highlander is holding up a glass of whiskey to the light, and seems to be smacking his lips with the relish of a perfect connoisseur, while a boy is pouring some of the spirit into a jug, anda man in the background is looking toward the Highlander. Not only in character, but in the entire treatment, in colour and execution, this masterly work leaves nothing to be desired.” Of Wilkie’s private habits we have an interesting anecdote.— ** Wilkie took great pleasure in arranging tableaux vivants for the amusement of his friends. I remember seeing, at his house, such representations of Vandyke’s Cardinal Bentivogliv, his whole-length of Charles the First in his robes, and other well-known pictures. As may be supposed, they were remarkably well imitated, the com- pany were delighted, and one gentleman went so far as to say, ‘I shall never enjoy pictures again.’ ” The following is an interesting anecdote of the Prince of Dilettanti, who took it on him to con- fer the tributary sceptre of Art.— “Sir George Beaumont, who had possessed himself of Hogarth’s mahl-stick, determined to keep it till a painter should appear worthy to receive it; and he kept it till he saw ‘ The Village Politicians’ of Wilkie. Sir George, who had been insensible to the extent and variety of Stothard’s powers, hailed with great delight the far more matter-of- fact style of the young Scot.” For Mr. Leslie’s defence of the Academy we do not care much. He says Hogarth acquired his knowledge of the human figure (never very large) in an Academy. If an Academy means a collec- tion of wooden heads and stone figures, any private person can now buy these; and Opie’s Lectures are perhaps as good as—Barry’s. Reynolds lamented he never studied inan Academy; but human nature is not confined to Trafalgar Square. Even about Reynolds Mr. Leslie has something new to say, and this time something really illustra- tive of character and not trifling or insignificant. Reynolds, the childless man, painted children well because he loved children. He could return for a time to childhood and share their amusements, their transient sorrows and their redundant joy.— ** That the portraits of Reynolds were the best of all likenesses, I have no manner of doubt. I know several of his pictures of children, the originals of whom I have seen in middle and old age, and in every instance I could dis- cover much likeness. He painted Lord Melbourne when a boy, and with that genuine laugh that was so characteristic of the fature Prime Minister at every period of his life; and no likeness between a child and a man of sixty (an age at which I remember Lord Melbourne) was ever more striking. Lord Melbourne recollected that Sir Joshua bribed him to sit, by giving him a ride on his foot, and said; ‘If you behave well you shall have another ride.’ His fondness of children is recorded on all his. canvases in which they appear. A matchless picture of Miss Bowls, a ‘laughing child ‘caressing a dog, was sold a: few esr at) auction, and cheaply, at a thousand guineas. he:father and mother of the little girl intended she should sit to Romney, who, at one time, more than divided the town with Reynolds. Sir George Beaumont, however, advised them to employ Sir Joshua.—‘ But his pictures fade.’—‘ No matter, take the chance; even a faded picture by Reynolds will be the finest thing you can have. Ask him to dine with you ; and let him become acquainted with her.’—The advice was taken; the little girl was placed beside Sir Joshua at the table, where he amused her so much with tricks and stories that she thought him the most charming man in the world, and the next day was delighted to be taken to his house, where she sat down with a face full of glee, the expression of which he caught at once and never lost; and the affair turned out every way happily, for the picture did not fade, and has, till now, escaped alike the inflictions of time or of the ignorant among cleaners.” Of Sir Thomas Lawrence’s colour Mr. Leslie says, judiciously,— ‘* Sir Thomas Lawrence was perhaps hindered from rising to the highest rank as a colourist by his early and first practice of making portraits in colourless chalk only. His wish to please the sitter made him yield more than his English predecessors had done to the foolish desire of most people to be painted with a smile: though he was far from extending this indulgence to that extreme of a self-satisfied simper that the French painters of the age preceding his had introduced to portrait. Of indefatigable industry, Lawrence's habit of undertaking too many pictures at the same time was a serious drawback, in many cases, to their excellence. He began the portraits of children which he did not finish till they were grown up, and of gentlemen and ladies while their hair was of its first colour, but which remained incomplete in his rooms till the originals were grey.’”’ Mr. Leslie defends Etty from the unjust charge of impurity, and gives us a pleasing sketch of his placid temper.— “From my own knowledge, I am enabled to say of Etty, that his conduct as an Academician was invariably marked by the most unremitting and disinterested zeal for the prosperity and honour of the society of which he was so distinguished an ornament. He considered, indeed, the welfare of the Academy as identical with the general wel- fare of the Arts of his country, Naturally shy, he never spoke at our meetings without a great effort, yet never was he silent on any occasion on which he thought he could serve the institution. There was a simplicity and sincerity in his manner that greatly attached his friends; and I never could discover in him the least sign of jealousy or other unworthy feeling towards any of his brother artists.” Of the illustrations we have to notice the timid line of the copies from Michael Angelo; on the other hand, the exquisite repose and beauty of the ‘ Night Scene,’ by Rembrandt, in which the nurse is seen watching the cradle while the mother reads. NEW PUBLICATIONS. The Rhine: Monumental and Picturesque—[Le | Rhin, &c.). Stroobant. Triibner & Co. OnE number of ‘The Rhine: Monumental and Picturesque,’ is before us,—and if we may judge of the whole work by a single specimen, we infer that it will become the book of the Rhine. Seeing that the Rhine is the best known river in Europe—that its waters are waters of the imagination, like the lagoons at Venice, as well as a river of commerce like the Scheldt—that it has been painted in colours and in words by the greatest artists for three cen- turies—most gorgeously and recently by Turner and Victor Hugo-—as well as in a thousand albums, gift-books and souvenirs,—it is something even for an artist to arrest attention with so worn a theme. This, however, MM. Fourmois and associates have done in the present number. It consists of three plates, with descriptive letter-press,—‘ The Chapel of the Three Kings’ in Cologne Cathedral—‘ Gu- tenfels’—and ‘The Old Entrepét at Coblence ;’ the last a very picturesque bit of old building. The several plates are lithographs in various tints. Photographic Delineations of the Scenery, Archi- tecture and Antiquities of Great Britain and Ire- land. By Russel Sedgefield. Part I. Highley. Tue first number of this valuable record of anti- quarian art contains five illustrations :—the Nor- man Tower, Bury St. Edmunds, the Abbey Gate, Bury St. Edmunds, the South Transept, Norwich Cathedral, the West Front of Binham Priory, Norfolk, and Part of the Cloisters, Norwich Cathedral. For the antiquarians and architects to whom nothing is valuable without it be accu- rate this work will be of the utmost use. The artist is satisfied with good light and shade and colour, whether the original has it or not; he cannot sell without them;—the poet wants romance, suggestiveness and situation; and if he can get these, he will make up monstrous build- ings for his backgrounds, half truth and half fancy; —but the historian and the architect want draw- By MM. Fourmois, Lauters and | ings that can he given in on oath,—and the curve of a single moulding may fix an important date or overturn a theory. At present we see no plan in this work. Why not collect first all your specimens of Norman, and proceed seriutim to the Early English and Deco- rated ?—or, why not take a single country and exhaust it, from town to village ? Were it not for the imperfection of parts,—the dark blots and the slurring exaggeration of sur- faces of light,—we could gaze at these scenes till our reason grew deceived by the reality of their atmosphere. The eye wanders untired over their exhaustless details, their variety of surface, the extraordinary subtlety and softness of light and shade,—-taking in more at once than it could even in nature. We see the very aspect of the hour,—the air of the month and season, —the exact stage of decay, of hardness or softness, of rough and smooth,—and knowing that in all these phases nature teaches lessons of unity, at the heart of change, permanence surrounded by evanescence, the war of good and evil, of hope and despair, of night and day, of joy and sorrow, we find very impressive sermons in the shadows of such stones, Portrait of Prof. Simpson, of Edinburgh, Dis- coverer of the Application of Chloroform. Schenk, Hahnisch ; Edinburgh, M‘Farlane. WE cannot say much for this German lithograph of a Scotch worthy. The execution is woolly and weak,—the lines wanting in sharpness,—and the predominance of middle tint,—most false to Eng- lish notions of bright colour, fresh air, clean skin and open-air effect. As the Professor is neither a Gipsy nor a Negro, we see no reason that he should be made so swarthy. Fine-Art Gosstp.—Mr. Wornum’s appoint- ment—announced by us last week—to the office of | Secretary to the Trustees of the National Gallery, is not only, as we then said, an augury of reform | in that great section of the public service, but is a reform already accomplished. Hitherto the office of Secretary has been little more than a sinecure, and has been held at the small salary of 1501. a year (with residence, and all that residence im- plies), by General Thwaites. The duties were few, and those chiefly clerical. A change for the better is now to be effected. Mr. Wornum’s whole time and knowledge are secured for the public,—and the salary of the office is raised to 800. a year. One of the first duties of the new Secretary, we understand, will be to make out a catalogue of all the great pictures in the world which, by probable events, are ever likely to come into the market—that is to say, of all known and authen- ticated works of great masters in private collec- tions. Such a catalogue—difficult, but not im- possible, to make—will be invaluable for Art- reference. We regret to hear that Martin’s celebrated pic- ture of ‘ Belshazzar’s Feast’ was injured by the late railway accident beyond even the power of picture-restorers to injure it more. A tribute has been paid to Art in appointing Prof. Kiss (the sculptor of the ‘ Amazon’) Presi- dent of the Society for the Advance of Art. No- blemen have hitherto held the post, which must have been to them rather a means of education than of enlightened patronage. Prof. Hopfgarten, a German sculptor, is execut- ing five colossal statues of Christ and the Evange- lists, to decorate the Protestant Church at. Wies- n. A Correspondent sends us from Florence some notes of Mr. Powers’s views on the question of Colour in Sculpture.—We entered on the vexata questio of colouring statuary ; and as he repre- sents the party who deprecate the use of it, as Mr. Gibson is at the. head of those who, on the contrary, advocate it, I will briefly give the arguments by which he supported his views. It is not necessary, he said; and what is more, would interfere with the object aimed at by Sculpture. What is that? To embody and express the spiritual, the higher nature of man. Now, all expression, he contends, depends on form, noton colour: In- tellectual energy—physical action, must be de

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N° 14197 THE ATHENAUM 23 scribed by form alone, colour can never give it; but colour will humanize, and mortalize, and pull down to earth the spiritual portion of humanity that you have been trying to separate from its grosser parts and to exalt. Colour, in short, re- presents the animal man ;—Form, the intellectual, the spiritual. Imagine, for an instant, the Apollo Belvidere coloured. What is now an embodied, spiritualized, glorious man, would then become nothing more than a man in a body. Again, colour alone expresses nothing,—form alone, just the contrary. Test this assertion by looking at a clear blue Italian sky,—there is no meaning in it; but let a light cloud float over it, and what beauty is immediately imparted to the scene. But I main- tain too, said Mr. Powers, thateven were it desira- ble to make sculpture blend the spiritual with the animal, it would not be possible to do so. Give colour to the flesh,—it may be done. Well, carry out the principle, give eyes to your statue. You cannot. The glassy transparency of them is im- mediately obvious. Then the eye-lashes, and the brows, and the hair—it is impossible to represent them; but unless you can do this there will be a want of harmony in the figure, which will be ludi- crous and disgusting. Try it in the human form, —say of a lovely girl. Imagine that she has a lovely form, a brilliant complexion, and then sup- pose her to be deprived of her eye-brows or eye- lashes, or to be gifted with a pair of glass eyes. What would be the effect ?—and would this be less revolting in the statue?—The moral influences of humanized, or coloured, statuary, Mr. Powers con- tended at last, would be positively bad. No father could then take his daughter to the artist’s studio. The animal man would be all in all:—the ideal man would be lost. Such are the views of Mr. Power on this disputed question; and I state them with the same freedom that I did those of Gibson some time since, on the opposite side of the ques- tion. MUSIC AND THE DRAMA MUSICAL WINTER EVENINGS, Willis’s Rooms,—FOURTH SEASON of CLASSICAL INSTRUMENTAL CHAMBER MUSIC. The Reserved Sofas of Subscribers, 1854, not claimed by the Ist of February, will be let tonew Spe iicante. The dates of the Concerts are Thursday, February 15, March 1, 15, 22, and 29. Subscription, 308. Single Admission, Half-a-Guinea. Sofas for parties of five may be secured, and for schools a sixth admission will be given free, with reserved places. The best talent will be engaged. Fora list of Patronesses and other particulars vide Pro- spectus and Records of the past seasons, at Cramer & Co.’s, Regent Street ; Chappell & Co.’s, and Ollivier’s, Bond Street. The Musical Union Record, of 1854, has been sent to members by post, Parcels Delivery, and 8. ny isssion will be rectified on applying to J. ELLA, Director, CONCERTS OF THE WEEK.—M. Jullien reigns in all his pride at Covent Garden Theatre, to which his Promenade Concerts attract their usual crowds. The rueful air of dirty finery imparted to the theatre by the temporary decorations which conceal its more costly ornaments matters little. Crowds flock to hear Madame Pleyel play—Madame Pleyel being in her fullest foree,—and to listen to Herr Ernst, | who has a stronger hold on the public of England | than any violinist since the days of* Paganini, | and on sounder grounds. Both the lady and gentleman perform the best music. Then, there | is M. Jullien’s orchestra, curiously divided be- twixt the exhibition of treasure and trash—good overtures and: the ‘Allied Armies Quadrille.’ | When M. Jullien, however, is avowedly nonsen- sical he can be very droll. His ‘Pantomime Quadrille’ is a real, honest piece of Christmas in,—as good, after its kind, as the faéry coach, with its punch-bowl body and plum-pudding wheels, at Drury Lane.—The New Year has had | other music for its opening, in addition to that | which ‘‘cheers and inebriates” the nightly crowd | at the Royal Italian Opera. Herr Goffrie’s second | chamber concert has taken place :—an entertain- ment of choice quality,—the programme of which, besides standard Quartetts, &c., led by Herr Ernst, included M. Benedict’s new Sonata for pianoforte and violin.—‘ Elijah’ was to be given by the Sacred Harmonic Society last evening. etree His sec BaD New PuitHarmonic Socirty.—The prospectus of the New Philharmonic Society is now before us, “onfirming the rumours of its junction with a large body.of. choral amateurs, belonging to another society, and of its re-establishment at Exeter Hall— announciug that M. Berlioz is engaged to conduct its concerts, conjointly with Dr. Wylde,—that the concerts will be held monthly,—adding that at the first concert, which will. take place early in Febru- ary, Cherubini’s Mass in c will be performed. It is further stated, ‘‘that the proceeds of the six concerts will be given in aid of the funds of sundry charitable institutions,” three of which are named, followed by a long list of patrons and patronesses, &c. The prospectus laid before the Athenceum is accompanied by a letter from the Corresponding Secretary, having reference to the remarks which appeared not long ago in our columns,—and of which the following portion is important.— «I beg to be allowed to state, that the New Philharmonic Society do not intend, as you imply, to ask the artists they require to give their services gratuitously, but intend to pay them as liberally and regularly as it has always done. That the same care and amount of money will be bestowed in the production of the works of the great masters as when the Society was first established; that the orchestra will be increased, not diminished, in strength and numbers; that the pecuniary affairs of the Society are in a most prosperous diti in e of the gradual but great increase 4 of the subscription list ; and that it is not intended to depart | from the objects for which the Society was at first esta- blished, viz., the cultivation of music of the highest order and the support and encouragement of living composers ; but that, in cons: quence of its present financial prosperity, it has been resolved to appropriate the surplus funds aris- ing from the performances to several institutions requiring i ist 3 and cx q tly the Directors, con- P y | sisting of a number of noblemen and gentlemen, some of whom, for the love and encouragement of the art, have borne, jointly with Dr. Wylde, the founder, the expense of the establishment of the Society, by acceding to the resolu- tion mentioned, consent voluntarily to give up all pecuniary , interest in it, feeling themselves amply rewarded in knowing that their assistance has given an impetus to the progress of art in this country.” The above contains a point or two which every one will be glad to see established. We are glad to receive an official pledge that the artists who will appear at the New Philharmonic Concerts are one and all to be paid as ‘‘liberally and regularly” as formerly. The New Philharmonic Society, too, is, in the above letter, placed at last on its right basis, as Dr. Wylde’s society; since, as regards the public, anonymous Directors are equivalent to no Directors at all.—But a question or two have still to be asked. Does the list of patrons and patron- esses in the printed programme belong to the New Philharmonic Society or to the charities by aid of which it is seeking to bring itself forward? We make such inquiry, because the printed address fs less assured in its language than the letter forwarded to us for publication,—since, whereas the latter speaks with confidence of ‘‘ pecuniary affairs in a most prosperous condition,” the former is more conditional,—as follows.— “ The prospect of a still increasing subscription, together with the incorporation of a large body of the members of another society, will, it is believed, leave a considerable balance in the hands of the Treasurer next gore and it | i d ] y such balance to the highest and | Peles . J. F x tn cama ceo. Panag ; | the responsibility of its deficiencies lies on Mr. best purposes to which the art of music can be applied, namely, to exclusively charitable objects.” Then follows another paragraph, ambiguously worded. — “The idea of making music subservient to the cause of charity is one which has frequently resulted in the produc- tion of the grandest inspirations of genius. For example, the ‘ Elijah,’ of M 1 d in aid of the Bir- mingham charities ; the ‘Crucifixion ’ of Spohr, written for a similar purpose at Norwich ; while we owe that monu- ment of Handel’s mighty genius, the ‘ Messiah,’ to a per- formance for the benefit of the Foundling Hospital.” The above is calculated to mislead lovers of music and directors of charitable institutions. ‘ Elijah’ was not composed “in aid” of charity by Men- ohn, P | delssohn, but secured as an attraction by the Birmingham Committee of charitable directors. Such, too, if we mistake not, was the history of Dr. Spohr’s ‘ Crucifixion’ at Norwich. In both instances Charity sought to fill its scrip by honour- ably retaining the advocacy of Art. In Dr. Wylde’s society Art seems desirous of advertising itself by begging Charity to lend its mantle. The cases are diametrically opposite ; and it is this vital difference betwixt them which, from the first, we have been anxious to explain and establish. Tue OraToRIO or M. Beriioz.—aAs prefatory to any report of our own on the new com- position by M. Berlioz, ‘L’Enfance de Christ,’ which seems to have created a real sensation in Paris, we will offer a.condensed account of the Oratorio from the article by M. d’Ortigue, in the Journal des Débats.—The trilogy is arranged in the form of soliloquy, narrative, dramatic dia- logue interspersed with choruses and descriptive instrumental music. The first part, entitled ‘The Dream of Herod,’ contains, among other move- ments, a night march of the guards of the despot, —an air for Herod, in which M. d'Ortigue states, a new scale, such as the ear can accept, is: estab- lished,—an instrumental scene for Herod’s sooth- sayers who assemble to dispel, by their magic, the terrors threatening the King (in which.a seven- bar rhythm is effectively used),—and an air for “‘ Mary Mother,” with a distant chorus of angels, This first part is an after-thought, and was com- posed in completion of a work originally begun rather in caprice than by serious design. M. Ber- lioz has himself told us that what is, at present, its second part—‘The Flight into Egypt ’—was many years ago put forward by him as the work | of an apocryphal French chapel master,—having, to carry out the mystification, written in an assumed style. The favourable reception given to the air ‘The Repose of the Holy Family’ after it had for many years been laid by, led M. Berlioz again to take up his Cantata, reconsider and extend it;—by adding, first, the ‘ Arrival of Sais,’ as third part, — lastly, the introductory portion which has been mentioned. Thus, also, have canvases been enlarged by their painters after pictures have been begun;—thus, to note a more intimate | precedent, Handel, by adding an act to his Cantata ‘ Exodus,’ produced that most gigantic of his Ora- torios, ‘ Israel in Egypt.’ To return—in this third | part, ‘The Arrival,’ the leading feature is the hospitable reception in the carpenter’s house of the travel-worn fugitives, including, among other original movements, a trio of two flutes and harp, —the trilogy being wound up by a mystical chorus, without accompaniment. The text of this Oratorio, by M. Berlioz himself, is described as being a fair imitation of the direct, child-like style of the ancient French Noél or ‘‘ Mystery.” The orchestra is admired by M. d’Ortigue, and other French critics, as being ingenious and delicate, rather than relying for its interest on those ela- borate and ambitious combinations by which M. Berlioz has been ¢hiefly known.—The solos were sung by Madame Meillet, MM. Meillet, Depassio, Battaille, Noir, and M. Jourdan, to whom the narrative portion of the Oratorio (including the scene of ‘The Repose’) was entrusted. Drury LanE.—This house promises novelty, if we may judge from the fact of a new piece being produced on the first Monday after Christmas. It is true that it is not an affair of weight or mag- nitude, and was not entirely well received; but Dion Bourcicault, who has adapted it from some foreign source. It is entitled ‘ Eugenie,—the heroine so named being sacrificed by a faithless lover and a gambling brother. Miss Marriott, who made her débé last week in the character of Bianca, and was tolerably successful, supported the part of poor Zugenie. She intoned her sorrows with emphasis, and poured her reproaches into the ears of both delinquents with much force and feel- ing. Mr. Belton, as George Tarleton, incurred the displeasure of the audience for his inconstancy, which, however, he did his best to make interest- ing. But the action was compressed into too narrow a compass to admit of proper develop- ment, and the changes of mental mood followed so rapidly that they necessarily appeared. absurd, particularly with a Christmas audience, always on the look-out for the ridiculous. Eugenie’s rival is La Marchesa Giulia Orsini (Mrs. Lingham),—a sketch not without power, and creditably per- formed. But it is wanting in contrast, being as much like the heroine as possible in the depth and tone of passion, with an additional tragic element, the sentiment of revenge for a motive, which lends a strength to the part that serves to subordinate the principal. We dwell on these particulars in order to warn the management that a drama is not necessarily safe or well constructed because derived from the French; and that probably

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24 THE ATHENAUM CJ an. 6,755 Mr. Bourcicault would have better catered for his | own reputation and his employer’s interest if he had trusted to his native talent and invented his story for himself. After the play the audience were restored to good humour, by the extra- ordinary pas of Mdlle. Bertha Mochlin, from Vienna, in one of her national dances ;—and this state of feeling was further secured by the capital acting of Mr. Belton, as Hector Timid, in the favourite farce of ‘The Dead Shot.’ The part of Louisa Lovetrick was performed by a Miss Arden with great verve and spirit. The names of several of the company are new to us; and we trust that the wants of the management will lead to the dis- covery and production of original talent on these national boards. The house was full, and the Pan- tomime,. which is certainly brilliant and elegant, was received with great interest. The trick of the Italian Brothers, who, for the first two or three nights, threw themselves from the gallery to the stage, by means of a wire suspended from the ceiling, is no longer ventured; the wire having, on Thursday night, broken through coming into contact with the chandelier, which swung fearfully to and fro, to the manifest peril of the audience,— the athlete himself being precipitated upon the boards with tremendous force. Such violent ex- hibitions are not in good taste, and we are in. debted to the accident for a seasonable corrective. MosicaL AND Dramatic Gossip.—From across the Channel comes a chorus of rapture and delight in praise of ‘Il Trovatore,’ by Signor Verdi, just produced at the Italian Opera in Paris, and which is held by the admirers of the Maestro | to have turned the tide of French connoisseurship, long dissentient, in favour of their favourite. The readers of the Atheneum in 1852 may re- collect the sketch of this opera [No. 1356] by a Correspondent, who spoke of the work as one likely to become popular. They know, further, by this time what amount of reliance experience has disposed us to place on all reported musical raptures and delights in Paris. But this caution allowed for, ‘Il Trovatore’ appears to be the best expression of Signor Verdi’s genius which he has produced ; and, as such, justifies hope from future works by him,—since it seems a characteristic of Italian genius that it improves, not exhausts itself, by exercise. The singers are Mesdames Frezzolini and Borghi-Mamo, Signori Baucardé and Graziani, and M. Gassier. We shall doubtless have ‘Il Trovatore’ among the other productions of the London season. The music performed on New Year’s Day before Her Majesty at Windsor consisted of Beethoven’s Cantata, ‘The Praise of Music,’ and Mendelssohn’s ‘ First Walpurgis Night.’—It is announced that there will be no plays at Court this year. Among the earliest musical arrivals from the Continent has been the return of Miss Stabbach from Leipsic. Mr. Ella’s Winter Evenings will commence on Thursday, the 15th of February. A curious pianoforte may be seen at St. Mar- tin’s Hall. By newly arranging the movement belonging to the key-board, and by placing its flats and sharps in close ranks one behind the other, Mr. Hesketh Hughes, the inventor, brings many more notes within command of the player’s hand than it can embrace on keyed instruments as they exist. That, however, which is gained in the extension of chords must, we apprehend, be lost in the working up of all passages of rapid, com- plicated, and brilliant execution, since the fingers can hardly fail to be in each others’ way on the new keyboard ; but we speak conjecturally, seeing that before the invention can be fairly tested, the whole art of playing the pianoforte must be studied anew,—and it is problematical if any one will devote the time necessary to the mastering of a Concerto by Hummel or of a Study by Chopin under entirely unforeseen conditions of fingering, for the purpose of proving such exercises possible. We are informed that the invention of Mr. Hughes can be applied to any pianoforte constructed on the old principle; but, at present, we are disposed to regard it as ingenious rather than generally valuable.— While, on this subject, it may be men- tioned that Mr. C. Salaman is about to deliver two lectures on keyed and stringed instruments, which, according to his programme, are to be illus- trated by performances on, and exhibitions of, ‘rare and curious specimens of the ancient vir- ginalls, spinett, single and double harpsichords,” and ‘‘by diagrams of obsolete instruments.’ The first of these is fixed for Tuesday next. We observe that a Professor in Paris is attempt- ing to establish chamber-concerts of vocal music, as choice as the Quartett parties which are now recognized as a necessity wherever amateurs are found. This, we hope, may succeed; and by its success set the fashion. Not merely is there a mass of vocal music by those elder Italian and German composers who have been superseded by the more dramatic and symphonic writers of modern times, which it would be a real boon to hear, supposing the music carefully executed ; but there is a large number of voices which might be profitably occupied in such tasks. The modern stage and orchestra are places of destruction rather than of display to delicate or feeble organs. There is, again, many a rare singer, no longer able to sustain ‘‘the burden and heat” ofan entire opera, whose powers are still adequate to the execution of one or more morceauxc,—supposing these pre- sented in a moderately-sized room. Persons who are unwilling that any branch of Art should perish for the exaggerated glorification of one will feel that this French idea is worth working out, as one of importance. We are satisfied that there is a public for such music, as well as for the Quartetts of Haydn, or the posthumous mysteries of Beethoven,—as well as for the English glee or the German part-song. Late researches have corrected the date for- merly assigned to the birth of Weber. It is established that, in place of his having been born on the 20th of November, the composer of ‘ Der Freischiitz’ first saw the light on the 18th of December, 1786. The rectifier is the son of the great musician; who has just gained a dramatic success at Vienna. Such.a fact, read in con- nexion with the examination of family papers, from whith the discovery has resulted, encourages the hope that the life of Weber, for which we have frequently been told that copious materials exist, may at last be written by some one at once capable in right of literary skill, and fitted by relationship for the task. The biographies of the great musicians have too often fallen into hands unskilled or prejudiced. M. Adam's new opera ‘ Le Muletier de Toléde,’ which has been produced at the Thédtre Lyrique of Paris for Madame Cabel, appears to have suc- ceeded moderately. The critics, too, are begin- ning to agree with the Atheneum, and to esti- mate the Lady as an executive songstress who falls a little short of the highest finish. Herr Ferdinand Hiller’s comic opera, which we duly announced, has been produced at Cologne. The music is spoken of as finely wrought, ingenious and clever. Some- thing more is wanting to make a ‘ Matrimonio,’ a ‘Barbiere,’ a ‘Domino Noir,’—otherwise, a real comic opera. The Thédtre Francais has just lost by death Mdlle. Rimblot. She was a handsome person, whose principal occupation was to be substitute for Mdlle. Rachel, when the latter Lady was absent from Paris. The play-bills of a week sometimes offer testi- mony as emphatic as though they were so many criticisms. The following seven days’ bill of fare laid before the frequenters of the Burg Theater at Vienna, which we fell upon not long since in an Austrian paper, iscurious, to say the least of it. The pieces advertised to be played are, ‘A Midsummer Night’s Dream,’—‘A Little Romance,’—‘ My Star’ (M. Scribe’s comedy, we presume),—‘ The Stepfather,’ —‘The Gladiator of Ravenna’ (Herr von Weber’s new drama),—‘ King Lear,’—‘ The Valentine,’— ‘Clavigo,’"—two short pieces, ‘The Orphan of Lowood’ (‘Jane Eyre’ dramatized, which seems to have become a stock play on the German stage), and ‘ Fiesco.’ Compare this variety, as offered to resident or stranger for a week visiting Vienna, with temptations held out in our best London ———— —— theatres during a like period, and who shall wonder if accomplished Germans and enthusiasts, such ag Herr Edouard Devrient, after passing a few days in London, write home letters full of wonder and despair touching the state of the acted drama in Shakspeare’s country ?—To make the compari- son more complete, the reader is reminded that the acting at the Burg Theater has always been of the highest order. MISCELLANEA Reduction of French Postage.—A new postal treaty has been entered into with France, the principal effect of which will be the reduction of the postage upon prepaid letters weighing not more than }0z. (a weight which includes the great majority) to 4d., instead of 8d. or 10d., as hereto- fore. This reduced postage of 4d. will carry the letter from any part df the United Kingdom to any part of France or Algeria. If the letter be posted, unpaid, the charge will be double. Under the provisions of this treaty, the postage on letters passing through England or France will also, in many cases, be reduced. On all these points detailed information will be issued. The new treaty came into operation on the Ist inst. Postage to Holland.—The following notice has been issued from the General Post Office :—‘‘ From the Ist of January, periodical works, not strictly newspapers, published in the United Kingdom, and addressed to Holland, may be sent in the close mails, vid Belgium, under the following regu- lations :—I1st. The British postage must be paid in advance. 2nd. They must be sent in covers open at the sides. The rates of postage on such works will be as follows :—Not exceeding 2 ounces in weight, ld.; exceeding 2 ounces and not ex- ceeding 3 ounces, 6d.; exceeding 3 ounces and not exceeding 4 ounces, 8d. 2d. being chargeable for every additional ounce, up to the weight of 16 ounces, beyond which weight no publication can be forwarded. From the same date, newspapers brought to this country in the mails from Holland will not be liable to any charge on delivery, as the postage paid by the sender will defray the whole charge to destination. In like manner, newspa- pers forwarded from the United Kingdom to Hol- land will not be liable to any charge on delivery, but a postage of 1d. must continue to be paid on each newspaper when posted. Photographers.—* Sir,—You draw attention to a design of presenting a testimonial to Dr. Diamond, as an expression. of ‘gratitude,’ by the photographic public. With all possi- ble respect towards Dr. Diamond, to whose skill in manipu- lation, and great urbanity towards photographers, I cam personally bear witness, I would beg to ask the above- mentioned public, Has it yet substantially acknowledge its gratitude to Mr. Archer, whose claims thereto no one can dispute? Does it recollect that a ‘poor miniature painter’ (his own words) is at this moment, almost single- handed, fighting its battles against one in possession of all the power that money and prestige command ? ** Yours, &c., T. B. Hocxry.” Widening of London Bridge.—It has been re- solved by the competent authorities to give up the entire present width of London Bridge, both road and footway, to rolling traffic, and to provide for passengers by making footpaths on projections to be constructed along either side of the bridge. The - resolution was taken at a meeting of the London Bridge Committee. As a considerable time will be occupied in carrying out the change, the Committee came to a determination to try m the mean time the experiment of confining the heavy traffic each way to one line, and leaving the whole of the centre open for quick traffic. Notice boards will be placed at each ehd of the bridge, giving notice that, after a given day all heavy, slow-going carriages will be required to keep close to the kerb, and only such carriages as go at @ trotting pace will be allowed to occupy the centre of the bridge. It is expected that the experiment will prove extremely serviceable in facilitating the means of transit for the enormously incre traffic of London. ° To ConresroxpEnts.—H. H. M.—W. W.—dustice—J. B. —J. B. J.—C. P. R.—B, B.—J. 0. M.—Civis—received. N° On the TE Thi: men i throug servat cation Navy charac Medic or mol GINAL fessior Qases Lond ARTIC sion, Books PORTS SPOND a fail Scien: Work vance: impro A ( Brain to Ki AC Ear. to St. Dr. Dr. B ill b The Surge AS By I Child Pr Spent Cor of W Sava Pul 8d. ; and t] and E Pabli aeaha

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55 onder ch ag days r and lrama npari- that been

postal! », the ion of g not great 1ereto- ry the om to ter be Under letters lso, in points e new ce has ‘From strictly igdom,

in the o regu- ye paid covers n such ounces und not rble for: t of 16 ion can spapers Tolland , as the 2 whole 2ewspa- to Hol- elivery, paid on a design xpression. all possi- manipu- rs, I cam 1e above; owledgee 0 no one miniature st single- ion of all OCKIN.” been re- e up the oth road ovide for ctions to bridge. g of the siderable _ change, to try in ning the ving the Notice } bridge, 1 heavy, eep close go ata he centre periment ating the incre tice—J. B. ived. not ex- |

N° 14199 THE ATHENZUM 25

On the 6th of January, 1855, the First Number of a NEW VOLUME THE MEDICAL TIMES AND GAZETTE. This Journal is selected by the most eminent men in the Medical Profession as the medium through which their latest discoveries and ob- servations are made known, and for the publi- cation of the Official Reports of the Army and Navy Medical Boards. It has thus acquired a character and influence not possessed by any other Medical Periodical. Each Number contains one ormore LECTURES by some popular teacher—OrI- GINAL COMMUNICATIONS from Members of the Pro- fession in all parts of the kingdom—a Report of Qases observed in the Practice of the principal London and Provincial Hospitals — EprrorraL ARTICLES on questions interesting to the Profes- sion, socially and politically— Reviews of New Books—SELEcTIONS from FoREIGN Journals—RE- Ports OF MEDICAL SocleETIES—GENERAL CoRRE- SPONDENCE and MEDICAL News. It thus becomes a faithful record of the progress of Medical Science, and enables Subscribers in any part of the World to become acquainted with the latest ad- vances in Medical Science and every practical improvement. The New Volume will contain— A Course of Lectures on Certain Diseases of the Brain. By R. B. Topp, M.D. F.R.S. Physician to King’s College Hospital. A Course of Lectures on Certain Diseases of the Ear. By J. Toynsez, Esq. F.R.S. Aural Surgeon to St. Mary’s Hospital. Dr. Stoxes’s Clinical Lectures on Fever, and Dr. Bence Jones’s Lectures on Materia Medica, rill be continued. The most eminent Hospital Physicians and Surgeons will contribute Clinical Lectures. A Series of Papers on the Diseases of Children. By Dr. Jenner, Physician to the Hospital for Children. Practical Essays on Plastic Surgery. By Mr. SPENCER WELLS. Communications in Midwifery and the Diseases of Women. By Drs. RamsporHaM, RI1csy, SavacE, WALLER, &c.

Published Weekly, price 7d. ; stamped for post, 8d.; and regularly forwarded to all parts of India and the Colonies, and lied b ——e eee Terms of Subscription. riled <a Post.) - £114 017 Yearly... Six Months...

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Published by Jou Caurcutt, New Burlington- street. BOOKS PUBLISHED BY Mr. VAN VOORST during 1854. —_~—— SCENERY, SCIENCE, and ART; pene Extracts — a Note- “Book ofa Sostegist at Mining Engineer. By PROFESSOR ANSTED, F.R.8. 8y0. Illustrated, 108, td” MANUAL of NATURAL HISTORY, A For the Use of Trav: ellers; ave mm pet the F. ae ing: oms with marks on of the Animal and Vegetable od Practical Study of _— and Meteorology. To —— d 11 Preserving. it Wy and ARTHUR ADAMS. M. RCS. wit BALFOUR BLA M.D., and CHARLES BARRON, — of the Royal Mu- seum at Haslar. Post 8vo. price 1 GEODEPHAGA BRITANNICA. A Monograph of the CARNIVOROUS GROUND BEETLES indigenous to the BRITISH ISLES. By J. F. DAWSON, LL.B. 8vo. with Three Coloured Plates, 123. THE AQUARIUM: An UNVEILING of the WONDERS of the DEEP SEA. By P. H. GUSSE, A.L.S. Post 3vo. with Coloured and Uncoloured Illustrations, 178. GRAY’S ELEGY WRITTEN IN A COUNTRY CHURCHYARD. With a Woodcut Illustrative Head-piece to each of the 32 pages. Small Paper Edition. Feap. 8vo. 28. 6d. MICROGRAPHIC DICTIONARY : “ Guide to the E i and I tion of ae Struc- ture and Nature of Miteroreopie,| Objects. By J. W. GRIF- FITH, M.D. F.L.S. &., and ARTHUR HEN FREY, F.R.S. F.L8. &. In Twelve "HaltecUsown Monthly Parts. Illus- trated by 40 Plates and 800 Engravings on Wood. Parts I. to V. THE SEA-SIDE BOOK. By PROFESSOR HARVEY. Third Edition. With a Chapter on FISH and FISH DIET, by Mr. YARRELL. Feap. svo. 58.

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26 THE ATHENAUM STANDARD FRENCH SCHOOL BOOKS, By the late M. DE ROUILLON. 1. GRAMMATICAL INSTITUTES of the FRENCH LANGUAGE; or, the Teacher's erry Assistant : containing a Series of Theoretical, Practical, anc Progressive Lessons, in which every difficulty is explained, cither in Notes at the end of each Exercise, or by References to prec pains Rules. Twenty-fourth Thousand. i2mo. 5s. half-bound. — ZY to ditto, 3s. EXERCISES on FRENCH CON- VERSATIUON ; or, a Selection of English Sentences to be trans- lated iuto French, and in which the difference of the Idioms, Genius, and Phraseology of the French and English Languages may be readily distinguished. 6th Edition, 18mo, 3s. 6d. half bound.—K EY to ditto, 2s. TOURIST’S FRE NCH COM- PANION; or, Familiar Conversations on every Subject which can be useful to the Continental Traveller or the French Student in general. 4th Edition, 18mo. half-bound 4s. 6 *x* The sale of nearly 40,000 copies of os w aie strongly attests its value. The sentences are expressed i egant language ; ar in order to facilitate the’pronunciation, the silent letters are prin ted in italics. ELEMENTS of. FRENCH PRO- NUNCIATION. 3rd Edition, Svo. sewed, Is London: Longman & Co. ; Simpkin, Mar all & € & Co.; Whittaker & Co.: W. Allan - 6. H ; Norwich: ©. Maskett, and all Bookseller 7 ALUABLE BOOKS, warns ranted pe arfect 0 good condition, ON SALE derate price by WILLIAM NI ELD, 12, Davie k yuare. Walton’s Angler, roy al a 1815, large paper, illustrated with nearly. 250 additi nal Plat 2 of Portraits, Views, &c., several of han are searce, russia extra, wilt edges, 41. LAs. 6d. Characters of Eminent Men in the Charles I. and II. and the Rebellion, 4to Ea -d with above 100 fine and interesting Dott Hamilton . Asicet & J ones, Reigns of -T nats ated with 7 70 Portraits and | Mi ates, russia translated, Dugdale’s Monasticon Anglicanum, rT extra, fo lio, 1718, 104 Plates by Holl uM dl King, folio, russia with joints and gilt edges. 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MISCELLANIES: CRITICAL, IMAGINATIVE, AND JURIDICAL, Contributed to Blackwood’s oe By SAMUEL WARREN, D.C.L, F.E Of the Inner Temple, One of Her Majeate’ S iets In 2 vols. post 8vo. 243, THE CHEMISTRY OF COMMON LIFE. By JAMES F. W. JOHNSTON, MA. F.RSS.L. & E. Complete in 2 yols. crown Svo. illustrated with Engravings on V ood, price lls. 6d. 3. THE RURAL ECONOMY ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, AND IRELAND. By LEONCE DE LAVERGNE. Translated from the French. With Notes by a Scottish In Svo. 128, OF Farmer. 4. THE BOOK OF THE GARDEN. A COMPLETE SYSTEM OF GARDENING, ,ARe! Sere. RAL, OKNAMENTAL, and CULT , By CHARLES M* aaaen. In 2 large vols. royal 8vo. es with 1,350 Engravings by Branston and others, 42 7s. 6d. handsomely bound in cloth. Each Volume is sold separately. OLU ME relates to the Formation and Arrange- the Erection, Heating, Ventilation, and General Hot-houses, and other Garden Struc- The FIRST V ment of Gardens Detail of Conservatories, tures, &c. Price 2. 10s. 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Plan TS of NS. LAS. A TE- OLOGY OOK 8yo. with TRO- - Edition, [ERIC - ee! S, with soroughly

THE ATHENAUM

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ADVENTURES HELIONDE; OR, who Dwell in the Orb of Light. CHAPMAN & Hatt, 193, Piccadilly. Now ready at all the Libraries, post 8vo. cloth, richly gilt, price 10s. 6d. By the Author of ‘The Memoirs of a Stomach,’ &c. &c. IN THE SUN. Being a Descriptive Love Story of all that relates to those Poetical, Refined, and Extraordinary People ‘Full of reading, and buoyant with fancy; and it is a wholesome change to raise the eye blood-shot by reflecting carnage, and to fix it upon the blue heaven and the placid purity of God’s firmament.”—New Quarterly.

the EIGHTEENTH and NINE- TEENTH CENTURIES. in the EIGHTEENTH and NINE- TEENTH CENTURIES. Subscription, 20s. per Annum. Vol. I. | Aw. 1. Vol. I. Vol. II. Nov. 1. Vol. I. London and Glasgow: RicHarRD GRIFFIN & Co. Subscribers’ Names received by all Booksellers. LORD BROUGHAM’S WORKS. Thoroughly Revised under the immediate care of the Author. In a Series of about Ten Post Octavo Volumes, to be published Quarterly. Vol. 111. PHILOSOPHERS who|HISTORICAL SKETCHES of the GREAT STATESMEN of the REIGN of GEORGE IL. Tol. IV. of LETTERS who! HISTORICAL SKETCHES of the GREAT STATESMEN of the REIGN of GEORGE III.

ILLUSTRATIONS OF ‘ Now ready, at all Book and Print Sellers, ANIMAL PAINTER. With Notes by a NATURALIST. Testimony of Sir Edwin Landseer. Dublin: James M‘ GLASHAN. PHOTOGRAPHS.—_NOVELTY FOR CHRISTMAS. SCRIPTURE BY AN TWENTY PHOTOGRAPHS, after Drawings by J. B. Imperial 4to. price 2/. 2s. “Tf any praise from me can add to the popularity of this charming work, I have great pleasure in repeating my sincere admiration for its extreme originality of conception and admirable. accuracy of knowledge of the creatures Having studied animals during my whole life, perhaps my testimony as to the truth of the artist’s treatment of the Scriptural Illustrations may have some influence.” Edinburgh : THomas ConsTaBLE & Co. London: Hamitton, Apams & Co.; and AcKERMANN & Co.

TEN COLOURED PLATES.

PART L. this day, By the Rev. F. O. MORRIS, B.A. Member of the Ashmol Society.

List oF SuBsEcTS ILLUSTRATED IN THIS NUMBER. Erne. Spotted Eagle. Buzzard. Golden Eagle. Osprey. Rough-Legged Buzzard. To be continued Monthly until completion.

GROOMBRIDGE & Sons, Publishers, 5, Paternoster-row. RE-ISSUE in HALF-A-CROWN PARTS, each containing A HISTORY OF BRITISH BIRDS, With an Illustration of each Species accurately Coloured.

Honey Buzzard. ite.

In One Volume, price 5s. cloth gilt, FROM PHE FRENCH OF ALPHONSE KARR. Revised and Edited by the Rev. J. G. WOOD. With 117 Mlustrations from Designs ‘by W. Harvey and Datzig. such as could proceed from none but the whimsical Editor of the ‘ Guépes.’ London: GzorcE RoutLepcE & Co. Farringdon-street.

BEAUTIFULLY ILLUSTRATED WORKS. A TOUR ROUND MY GARDEN. mn. Tour round my Garden’ is a perfect medley, including anecdotes, j jeux a’ "esprit, and burlesque inventions a la '—Blackwood’s Magazine. n a few days will be ready, W AR Ww AITS. . By Gegatp Massey, Price 1s, Dav id 1 Bogue, Fleet-street. On the 9th of J. january, the gareate te to be applied to the Ratriotic hee BATTLE of INKERMAN N, a Ballad.— With Balaklava, Alma, Sinope, &. Bya Retired Liverpool Merchant. “ The trump of fame, in clarion stron Their dauntless deeds shall vibrate fong.” London: Arthur Hall, Virtue & Co. 25, Paternoster-row, and all Booksellers.

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EDDING GLOVES. Illustrated by H. K. Browne (Phiz). a The Golden Pippin. 2. A Real Life Drama, 3. Briarly Farm, 4. The Wrong Baby. 5. Our Christmas Assembly. 6. The Story of the Lost Pair. Eight Ilustrations. J ames Blackwood, Paternoster-row, and all Booksellers,

n Jan. 1. in foolseap 8vo. Portrait. 2s. 6d. cloth, [HE LIBRARY of CHRISTIAN BIO- GRAPHY. Under the Super rintendence of The Rev. ROB. BICKERSTETH, M.A., Rector of St. Giles’s-in-the-Fields, and Canon of Salisbury. Vol. 1. The LIFE of WILLIAM COWPER. Vol. 2, being the LIFE of FELIX NEFF, with Portrait, will be published on the Ist of March. Seeley, Jackson & Halliday, Fleet-street; and B. Seeley, Hanover-street.

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THE ATHENAUM CJ an. 6, 55 28 LY LEAVES, Antiquarian, Biographical, Poetical and Miscellaneous. SECOND SERIES Ready = day, price tee, 43, Chandos-street, Trafalgar-square. T™ x LON DON QUARTERLY REVIEW, ee price 6s. for JANUARY, contains— ae read her Governments. HE A e Queen 's Colleges in Ireland. IV. Professor Maurice and his Writings. V. The British Government and Buddhism, vi Life in Lunatic ear acee. VII. Valley of the Am : Vuk Britis “Ashociation tor the Advancement of Science. Brief Literary Notices. London: Walton & Maberly, Upper Gower-street,and Ivy-Lane, Paternoster-row. On the Ist of January. N22 QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. XIII. :—1. Retrospect of English Literature — 2. The Year °54—3. The Operations of a Siege—4. The Chronicles of Turkish Conquest— 5. The History of the War—6. History and Biography—7. Travels —8. Poetry—9. Novels — 10. Miscellaneous Reviews and Notices — 11. French Literature—12, German Lite- . 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N° 14197 Preparing for publication, in crown 8vo. price 58, AYS: AND L RICS. L By C. RAE BROWN. London: Arthur Hall, Virtue & Co. INSTRUCTIVE CHRISTMAS AND NEW YEAR’S PRESENTS, EE -ELEMENTARY SCIENTIFIC S PAPERS. x4 E. G. WOOD, Optician, &c ,117, Cheapside, to VI. now ready. Free by Post on receipt of

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PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS. TTEWILL & MORGAN’S MANU- FACTORY, 24 and 25, Charlotte-terrace Cniedenien-soad Funten. —OTTEWILL’S REGISTERED DOUBLE- BODY ‘se eG CAMERA, adapted for Landscapes or Po ~ Pu may To 4 A. Ross, Featherstone-buildings, Holborn, Photographic rr . re rant streets, and at one Menateiecy a6 ebove; where The Trade tonotica, ameras, es,and Tripods may be had.

ease aad

d Paper, forprinting from glass and papexnegatives, The ~ PLATE-HOLDER for Collodien Plates Waxed and Iodized Papers of tried quality. nstruction in the a. Bian & Lone, Opticians and Photographical Instrument Makers, and — Chemists, 153, Fleet-street, London. 1E [ODIZED COLLODION, manufactured by J. B. HOCKIN & CO. 289, STRAND, LONDON, still remains unrivalled for ‘iveness and density 0, ive—it excels all others in its Recping qualities ‘and rae ey of constitu- tion. —Albumenized Pa; ir, 173 by 11, 58. per quire; Waxed ditto, 78., of very a qu ouble Achromatic Lenses, equal in uarter Plate, pure Chemi- “PRACTICAL HINTS on PHOTOGRAPHY, N. 3rd edition, price 1s. ; per post, 1s. 4d.

ose of “ony other manufacturer: f Plate, ly ole, 10.—Apparatus an cals of all de: a Just publish . HOCKI X YLO-IODIDE of SILVER, exclusively used at all the Photographic Establishments.— ‘The superiority of this preparation is now universally acknowledged. Westimo- nials from the best Photographers and principal scientific men of the day, hoes yh ose assertion, that hitherto no preparation has beend uniformly such perfect pictures, combined with the crentent rapidity of action. In allcases where —— is required, the twosolutions may be had at Wholesale ceinseparate Bottles,in which state it may be keptfor years, andl exported to nee Fullinstructions for use. Caution. rit —e meme’ with a Red Label bearin 4 name, RIC OMAS, Chemist, 10, Pall Mall, counterfeit Baan is oan CYANOGEN SOAP, for rEmovinG all kinds of PHOTOGRAPHIC STAINS. The genuine is made only bythe inventor, and is secured with a DN ia 577 beorin this signature and address, RICHARD W. TH IST,10, PALL M . Manufacturer of pure Phot a ra and may table Chemists, = Pots, at 18., 28., and

be procured of all res: . each, through Messrs. Edwards, 67, St. Paul’s *Church- yard: ;, and Messrs. arclay & Co. 95, Farringdon-street, Wholesale gents.

LONDON LIFE ASSOCIATION, tuted 1806 OFFICE, 81, King WILLIAM-STREET. President—Charles Franks, Es: sq. President— John Benjamin Heath, Esq. ° IS Society { is essentially one of Mutual As- surance, in which the P: of its Members are reduced after seven years. The rate of reduction of the Premiums for the last year was 70 per cent.. leaving less than one-third of the original Premium to aa Society sie undertakes other Grpestntiones of Assurance, in which the Assured do not become Members, and having 0 bo any commission to Agents, the Society has been enabled to reducethe Premiums for this class of Assurances to the following very low rates :—

Annual P: for the A of £100. Age. £. 8. d. | Age. £. a. d.) Age. &. 8. d, 20 113 7 Re 50 4132 25 117 6 40 215 5 55 510 30 215 45 360 60 6 510.

The Court of Directors are authorized by the Deed of Settlement toadvance money on the security of Policies in this Association. EDWARD DOCKER, Sec. GOVEREIGN LIVE ASSURANCE COMPANY, 49, ST. JAMES! STREET, LONDON.

stees. Sir —- Scott, Bart. B. Bond Cabell, Esq. M.P. Tru The Bisht ais ong ,Earl of — Pownall, "Esq. Talbot, K. The Kt. Hon. ‘Lord de Mauley.

Directo pees Col. Lord. ARTHUR LENNOX. ty Chairman JAMES CARMICHAEL, Bart. J ant Ashburner, ty M.D. John Gardiner, Esq. T. Batard, E: Charles Farebrother, Esq. Ald. J. P. Bathurst, Esa. Charles Osborn, Esq. The following extract ee the " just issued will Uustrate the condition of this Office :— “The year uhion claue closed on the oth of October last has proved, notwithstanding the obvious disadvantages with which it has =e: attended, one of the most successful in the experience of the - ‘The Directors have, 7 ye that period, received 424 proposals for the assurance of ene , the new annual income on which would have exceeded 7. Of these a 295 have been completed, assuring 124.7900: ; and 4,3741. 58. 10d. have been received for new Premiums. “These items, when compared with the ene § of the pre- cedin year, display an ee 2 of nearly 100 pe: ile the income of the C oeeeny as thus pF so large an pe ae office has only been called on, during the same period, to pay 198. 10d. for claims, a sum whic ars @ re- foarkably | Fy proportion to the mortality which might justly e been anticipated. Thi oleae nm maintained to the ninth year; and the rust that such a fact evidences the care with which the business of the Office has been invariably conducted.” The Office presents— The security of a large paid-up Very moderate rates for No caarges amend except the Policies indispu . , f . Prospectuses, co) ae “of Reports, Forms, and every in: gay ion, can be obtained at the Office 49, St. James's street, Lond

Capital, especially young lives. Premium.

HENBY D. DAVENPORT, Tne.

Fay N 7 OF DEPOSIT, ATIONAL ASSURANCE and Invest: No. 3, PALL MALL EAST; LONDON. Empowered by Special dor or ts 1 Parties desirous 6 of ID VE Sein G MONEY erent . exa- ested to mine aie plan of this Ins terest obtained with 2d La merpepegeeaedags “ithe I e Interest is payable in January and July at the Head Office in London ; and may also be received hi Branch through country bankers. with vit out delay 0 + expe ng _— R MO. ORRISON, Managing Director. Prospectuses and an for opening Accounts sent free on apvlication. FAMILY ENDOWMENT, LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY, 12,Chatham-place, Blackfriars, London.

Established a CAPITAL £500, .B tte: mune ley, Esq. C! utterwo: y e} , Esq. Chairm Lewis Burro: — =, vty e Lee «a Levle Burrousin: Bad Esq. Colonel Lissa, Boa. Major Henderson. Major Turner. Charles Henry Latouche, Esq. Joshua Walker. Esq n Annual Bonus is albowed to parties who Sore Dade Five: Anseal Payments on Polici _—= a yoy - -. ~y hve y outon the Preps Scale. That ne and Annuities granted : as usual. NDIA BRAN The extensive Assurance Dasineee of Che

Agra and United Ser- vice Bank has sferred to this Office, and th Branch Estab) ichments or sone at Calcutta, M " ye Agra, and Hong Kong. JOHN CAZENOVE, Secretary.

FOoNomIc LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY. THE mene 5 HON, SIR T. FR FRANKLAND LEWIS, Barr. HENRY FREDERICK STEPHENSON, Esq. Deputy-Chairman. ——_ es. The LOWEST rates of Premium on the MUTUAL SYSTEM. enn ah toe OF THE PRUFITS divided among the Assured No charge for Policy Stamps, nor for Service in the Yeomanry or Militia Cor, Policies in poll near), he Assurance a exceeds 1,400,000. Income upwards of 230,0001. per Annum. The sum of 397,002. was added to Policies at the last Division, which produced an average Bonus of 67 per Cent. on the Pre- miums paid. For Par TER AR DER MACDONALD, Secretary New Bridge-street, rect, Blockfriars, SPECIAL NOTICE, Proposals for Assurance must be made prior to the 1st of Janu- ary, 1855, to — the Assured to participate in the next Division. of Profits, in 1 OUNTY FIRE OFBICE, 50, REGENT-STREET, AND 2, ROYAL 2 ee yeaa LONDON. It is respectfull notiied .- ro holding Policies in this Office, the Renewals of which on due at , ——— oat the same should be paid on or before the 9th of Jan mw. = sone are lying at ee Offices in ty oa in the fnes of several Agen CHARLES STEVENS, Secretary. SUN LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY, LONDON,

SHARE OF PROFIT INCREASED FROM ONE-HALF TO FOUR-FIFTHS. Policies effected with this Society now will participate » FOUK-FIFTHS of the Net Profits of the pone, according to the conditions contained in the Society’s Prospectus. The Premiums required by this Society for insuring youn lives are lower than in — other old-established oftees, ant an Insurersare fully protected from all risk by an ample gua: tee fund in addition to theaccumulated funds derived from the Paley Stamm ty ‘paid by the Office a) le reene tues may , . Right Hon. William Hoy Francis Shaw Lefevre,

esford, Hon. P. Pleyaell Bouverie. Henry Littledale, Esq. Harry ——_ v ea 1, E —_ = Warde & Norman, Esq. S. . rice Reatkes une, E Esa Sek a Charles as atichard Pole, Esq. ohn Drummond, Esq. Russell oe 4 oe Ranken, ea. we. Hi milton, R.N. i oma art hord, Bea - amilton, J peed Hoare, Esq. Claude George Thornton, Esq: Felix Ladbroke, Esq. " All ns insured in this Office, the Premiums on whose Policids fall due at the Christmas Quarter,are pereez reminded to pay the said Premiums, either a the Offices hreadneedle- pedo fs Craig’s-court, Charing-cross; at No. 40. a Weare. Cavendish-square ; or Lees - —, in the Country, on or before che 9th day of January, 1 days, m the fifte: allowed b; sans Ne over and above e the time for which they Sued, will expire. ces be made for more years than one bb pay m... . and in ‘such cases there will be a discount allowed athe premium and duty for every year except the first. RATES OF PREMIUM. First Crass. ror po THIRD oe 4 1s. 6d. per cent. cent. 48. 6d. pe’ Farming 8 Stock may now ato hanen at 3a. Lene if a to a fair value, and situate in a district free from Incendiarism. This Office insures yin Foreign Countries, and the Rates are regulated by the nature of the risks. The Duty paid to Government by the Sun Fire Office in 1853 amounted to 193,544/.

Page 30

30 THE ATHENAUM Tice HOUSEHOLDER’S LIFE ASSU- RANCE COMPANY, Adam-street, Ade ON, tadnaben * See Pumpin Artie "particulars. TRE iN SURANCES of almost every descrip- tion are undertaken by the SCOTTISH UNION INsUL. ANCE COMPANY, 37, Cornhill, London, on the most liberal terms and conditions. Special risks reasonably rated. ca receipts for insurances now read Printed | forms for life proposals, and Prospectuses containing all the necessary particulars, may be had at any of the Company's Offices, and of the Agents throughout the country. LONDON BOARD OF DIRECTION. esident—Right Hon. the Earl of MANSFIELD. vie dustiod= *Ri ght Hon. the Earl of SEAFIELD. Charles Balfour. Esq. | John Kingston, Esq. Edward Budd, Esq. -f K. Robertson, Esq. Robert Gillespie, aun Esq. J. E. Goodhart, Es H. M. Kemshead, G. ‘SMITH, 7, Cornhill, Rb A, falling due at Christmas are | Hugh F. Sandeman, Esq. George Ramsay, Esq. anager of the Company. Secretary to the London Board. INSTITUTED 1831. QCoTrisH EQUITABLE MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY. Incorporated by Royal Charters and Special Act of Parliament. Head Office—EDINBURGH, 26, St. Andrew-square. Manager—ROBERT CHRISTIE, Esq. LONDON—126, Bishopsgate-street, Cornhill. TheSCOTTISH EQUITABLE LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY isan 5 ene peculiarly adapted to afford provision for Fami- lies. blished in the year 1831, upon the principle of MOTUAL “CONT RIBU TION, the Sar; lus or Profit being wholly divisible among the Members; and the Additions which have been made to Policies at the Periodical Investigations of the Society afford satisfactory evidence of the prosperity of the Insti- ution, and the great advantages derived by its Members. The following Examples exhibit the Additions already made :— A Policy for 1,0002., opened in 1832, is now increased to 31. 8 A a for 1, 0002. » opened in 1836, is now increased t ly ‘sai i A Policy for 1,0002,, opened in 1840, is now increased to 1,310. The Profits are ascertained and divided triennially among yer of more than five years’ duration. e Annual Revenue is upwards of 150,00 The Amount of Assurances in force is upw 7 of Four Millions and a Quarter sterling. The Amount paid to the Representatives of Deceased Members exceeds 600,(000. sterling. The Total Amount of Vested Additions allocated to Policies exceeds 600,001, The Accumulated Fund is upwards of 830,002. Loans granted to Members to the extent of the office value of their Policies. Copies of the Annual Report, Forms of Proposal and all infor- mation, may be — on application at any of the Society’s Offices in Town or Country. ROBERT fuRer of Manager. WILLIAM FINLAY, Secretary. W. COOK, Agent, 126, be enter London. January 1855. List of Local Agents. Edward, Stationer. , J.C., New road, . . John's Hill. 3, peed oe he Scientific —_ iilerary Institution. srosvenor-street. H 6 Southgate-road. 2 2, Denmark- place. 59. 3, i “Tow, Churton-street. Agent. James,7 EQUITABLE INSURANCE COMPANY.— Chief Office, 450, WEST STRAND, LONDON. FIRE Capital, Half-a-Million Sterling. Of which Amount upwards of 200,000, is actually subscribed for and paid upon. HALF THE Prorits DIVIDED AMONGST THE INSURED. Trustees. The Right Hon. LORD VISCOUNT SIDMOUTH. ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL BARCLAY, Esq. Directors. Archibald Campbell Barclay, Esq., Chairman. Charles Bennett, Esq. John Shaw, Esq. iy Croft, Esa, Edmond 8. ‘Symes, pm M.D. n Moss. Clement Tabor, Predera Moi Thomas Wes pen Miles Charles Beton t Francis V. a Esq. Secretary— w iNliam Howell Preston, Esq. Auditors—Professor Wheatstone, F.R.S. &c.; John Symes, Esq. Consulting dies Woolhouse, Esq. F.R.A.S. 8.8. &c. Bankers. Mesers. Glyn, Mills & Co. Lombard-street. Solicitors. Mesars. Cardale, Iliffe & Russell, Bedford-row. The utmost security is afforded by the largely Subscribed Capi- tal of the Company, held by a highly responsible Proprietary ; snd dhe Suesmn ot of the Boaiaty, which now, from Premiums alone, my The PREMIO i is int cach case fixed in strict accordance with the merit.of the risk under consideration, and without ~~ to the Tariffs usually governing the rates of other —_ Prospectuses and every other L btained at the Chief Office, as above, or from any of the Agents, W. H. PRESTON, Secretary. | AW LEE ASSURANCE Sees, Fleet- eet, London. Dec. 28. NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, that a ‘GENERAL MEETING of Proprietors of the Law Life Assurance Society will be held at the Society's Office, Fleet-street. London, on FRIDAY, the 2nd day of February next, at twelve o’clock at noon precisely, ‘pursuant to the provisions of the Society's deed of settlement, for the purpose of receiving the Auditors’ Annual Report of the Accounts of the iety up to the 3ist of December, 1854 ; to elect two Directors, in the room of Thomas Clarke, Esq., deceased, and Edward Lawford, Esq., who has disqualified ; ‘and for general purposes. The Director to be chosen in the room of Thomas Clarke, Esq., will remain in office until the 24th of June, 1855. The Director to be chosen in the room of Edward Lawford, Esq., will remain in office until the 24th of June, ova By order 7 the Direc WILLIA uM A MUEL DOWNES, Actuary. NV ITRE GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY ASSOCIATION. No, 23, Pall Mall, London. Established 1845. (With whidh i is united = Business of the £gis Assurance Office, late of 41, Moorgate-street. ) Protective C: ‘apital, 150.0002. This Society offers the option of Mutual Assurance, with Share of Profits; or of very moderate rates under the guarantee of a large Protective ( Japital. The Profits are either added to the Policy, or paid in cash, or go to reduce the Annual Premium ; while in the Non-profit Branch, the low rates, as compared with those of pure Mutual Offices, are equivalent to an immediate Bonus of from 30 to 50 per cent. of the Amount Assured, Ex.—Premium for assuring 1,000. at age 31, 201. 198. 2d. Average Premium of Mutual Offices, 271. 5s. Annual saving, 6l. 5s. 10d,, equivalent to a Bonus of 3131. 5s, 7d.; or to a Policy of 1.3132 5a. 7d. Special Feature —The annuities granted by the Mitre increase periodically on the Mutual System. All expenses of the Annuity Deed are defrayed by the Association. More detailed information will be readily furnished on appli- cation, by letter or otherwise, to the Secretary, at the Mitre Life Office, No. 23, Pall Mall, London. Active ‘Agents required in such districts as are not already represented. es at reral. January, 1855 VILLIAM BRIDGES, Secretary. ro THE CLERGY, ARCHITECTS, AND CHURC HWARDE Ns. GILBERT J. FRENCH, BOLTON, Lancashire, having de- clined ap or Agents for the sale of his Manufactures of CHURC cH FURNITURE, ROBES, &c., replies immediately to all inquiries addressed to him at Bolt on, from which place only orders are executed. He respectfully invites direct communica- tions, as by far the most economical and satisfactory arrangement. Parcels free at the principal Railway Stations. OOKBINDING. —F. SILANI & CO. (Successors to the late T. Armstrong), 23, Villiers-street, Strand, solicit every description of Work relating to their Art. A ist of Prices for cloth, half-calf, calf, morocco, or antique bi nding, can be had upon application. or will be forwarded for one stamp. Bookbinding for the Trade. OOKBINDING.—W. HOLMES, Practical Bookbinder, 195, Oxford-street, London. Books bound in Morocco, Russia, or Calf, both plain’ and elegant, on the lowest terms. Gentlemen waited upon with patterns. Estimates given for large or small ll Libraries.— Address, 1! 195, Oxford. street. MovsENING ENVELOPES, 9d. per 100; Cream Laid ditto, 1s. per 100; Mourning Note Paper, Large Size, 5 Quires forls.; Best Cream Laid, 5 Quires for 28. 3d. ; Alber Size, Cream Laid, 5 Quires for 1s. 9d., Queen’s Size,5 Quires for 1s. 3d.; Cream Laid, 5 Quires for 1s. 64. Best Black Wax. 14 sticks for 18,; Plain Stationery at the well-known reasonable prices. At WILLIAM LOCKWOO 2D’S. 75, New Bond-street. Post-office Orders for 298. sent carriage free. ILBERT’S DRAWING PENCILS.—These unsurpassed drawing and commercial pencils have obtained five prize medals during the past ten years for their superiority. Price per dozen. Specimen set of five post free for 14 stamps. Woodley’ 's Drawing Book, containing a great variety of new and en designe, 28. 6d. Economic Sketching Books, to draw in, 6d., 1a. 6d.,and 28. each. Wholesale and retail, of J. H: Woodley, 30, Fore-street, City. SLERS’ TABLE GLASS, CHANDELIERS, LUSTRES, &c.. 44, Nace street, London, conducted in con- nexion with their Manufactory. Broad-street, Birmin gham. Ln mg blished 1807. Richly cut soe ib ved Decanters in t val Wine Glasses, Water Jugs, Goblets, and all kinds o Table Glass at exceedingly moderate prices. Frome glass Chandeliers, of new andelegant designs, for Gas or Candles. A large stock of Foreign Ornamental] Glass always on view. Furnishing ordersexecuted with despatch. =e JYLOWER- -POTS and GARDEN SEATS. JOHN MORTLOCK, 250, Wines eager respectfatiy m nounces that he has a very large ‘assortment of the ab ~ artis in various colours, and solicits an early inspection. scription of useful CHINA, GLASS, and EA THENWAR the — possible price, for Cash.— 250, Oxford-street, near Hyde ee eee Gass SHADES, "for the Preservation of al Articles injured by Exposure. —At H. HETLEY’s sale and Retail Warehouse, 13, Wigmore-street, C: wesndiival 4 stimates and Prices of all descriptions of Glass for glazing fy. warded free. TyOW TO KEEP A HORSE for Is. 3hd, or Two Horses at the Expense of One. Pray,do you bruis our Oats yet?—Great Saving and Good for the Animal.—(y ruisers, 2. 158. 6d. and 4l. 53. 6d.—Chaff Cutters, 11. 7s, 6d, tad 91. 193. 6d.— MARY WEDLAKE & CO. 118, Fenchurch- -street, R ELO. AR'S COCOA-NUT FIBRE MATTING, Mats, Rugs, Mattresses, Hassocks, Cushion, Brushes and Brooms, Sheep- netting, Cordage, Brush-fibre, take of which priced Catalogues may be had free by post. Warehouse, 42, LUDGATE-HILL, London, _ ISHER’S DRESSING-C ASES N FOR LADIES AND GENTL - M aise) By a K IS ONE OF THELA be LONDO, AS. PRICES TO SUIT ALL P UROL Catalogues post-free. 188 and 189. STRAND, corner of Arundsb-street. USICAL INSTRUMENTS for PRESEN. TATION or for HIRE, including a splendid Gothi: Double-action Harp, by Erard, quite new; a fine Double-sotia Harp, by Stumpff, quite new; several fine Harmoniums, Alexandre. A large assortment on view of ROBERT “COCKS Co.’s unrivalled Piccolo and Cottage Pianofortes, Violins (20 i mumber, including those by Vuillaume; Tenors, Violoncella, Contra-basses, Flutes, Cornopeans, several fine Concertinas, with a large stock of V iolin Bows, Strings, &c., a variety of Metrn nomes, and all articles of utility to the Performer and Amateu, Price Lists and Catalogues gratis and postage free. — London: on Oocks & Co., New Burlington-street, Publishers to th ueen. OOKING-GLASS, CARVING and GILD. ING MANUFACTORY, Established 1822, CHARLES No- SOTTI, 398 and 399, Oxford-street. hese extensive Shops Show-rooms are well known to the Public generally ws contain th most extensive assortment of Looking-glasses, &c., of the best de scription, at moderate prices. Designs forwarded on receiptof sir stamps (for postage). Estimates free of charge.— 398 and %, Oxford-street. HRISTMAS PRESENTS- e most appropriate offerings for this Season of Festivity; are siiae which tend to the promotion of Health and Persoml Attraction : none can be more acceptable tha ROWLANDS’ MACASSAR OIL, For imparting a transcendent lustre to the Hair, and sustainia it in decorative charm OWLANDS’ KALYDOR imeerss a radiant bloom to the C ies k, and a delicacy andsofina to the Hands, ARO} and Neck: OWLAN DS’ ODONTO, “—. PEARL DENTIFRICE Bestows on the mong a Pearl-like an, and renders thi Breath sweet and pu Sold by A. ROW LAND & SONS, 20, Hatton-garden, Londo and by Chemists and Perfumers. BEWARE OF SPURIOUS IMITATIONS!! INFANT DENTITION. M*S JOHNSON’s AMERICAN SOOTHIN SYRUP.—This efficacious Remedy has been in gen e for upwards of Thirty Years, and has preserved nun Children when suffering from Convulsions arising from p Dentition. As soon as the Syrup is rubbed on the Gums, Child will be relieved, the Gums cooled, and the inflamm reduced. It is as innocent as efficacious, tending to produce th Teeth with ease; and so —_ a no ae = refuse tod its Gums be rubbed with it. Par should be rapes ticular’ ask for JOHNSON’S AMERICAN SOOTHING. ‘SY UP, and notice that the Names of Barctay & Sons, 95, Parringdon-str, London (to whom Mrs. Johnson has sold the rosipel, are on th Stamp affixed to each Bottle.—Price 2s. 9d. per Bottle. O YOU WANT BEAUTIFUL Hal no WHISKERS, &c. 2—If so, use PALMAPILLA, dean REIDENBACH’S EAU DE COLOGNE. 10s. Cases oF Srx. The Empress Eugénie see Hunt Bouquet. osegay. Japanese Perfume. Bouquet of ~~ pace Envlish Wallflowers. Violette du B i Clove . Sandal Wood. Flowers of Erin. Sweet Briar. White Rose. 22. 6d., 58.,and 10s. Bottles. Pete a 157 B, New Bond-street. y 0! to magical in its effects. cases of baldness it is a certain remedy, causing a thick and hu: riant eto , strengthening weak hair, preventing its falling = checking greyness in all its stages. For the producti ( kermand Moustachesin two or three weeks, it has never) jen to fail. Price 2a, sent post free (anywhere) on Tee of 24 penny postage stamps by by Miss ALICE MELVILIB, ce quare, oy ite vara but ——— ead of hair. y whiskers are t valet my hair, pepe I pad . Sturt.—It has quite checked the llis.—"My ‘moustache is end improved.” Ay bonny BILL’S GENUINE INDIA CURRIE e POWDER, prepared from an original receipt, at his ware- oe 27,South Audley-street. This currie powder will be found rpass all others Gan in this country; one trial will prove rr assertion. Sold by Mr. Armstrong, 42, Old Bond-street ; essrs. Whittingham, 39, Piccadilly; Mr. Barlow, 5, Curzon-street, Mayfair ; — Brookfield, 61, Sloane-street ; Mr. Pratt, 5, 5, South- pton urt, Russell-square; and Messrs. Simpkins, 4, * alfred- terrace, Queen’ 's-road, Bayswater. RUPTURES.—BY ROYAL LETTERS PATENT. W HITE’S MOC-MAIN LEVER TRUSS is allowed by upwards of 200 Medical Gentlemen 7 a the most effective invention in the curative treatment of HERN The use or spring, so often hurtful in its effects, is here aia a soft dage — worn round the body, while the requisite resistin — is supplied by the MOC-MAIN PADand PATENT LEVE fitting with so much ease and closeness that it cannot be detected, and may be worn during sleep. A descriptive circular may be had, and the Truss (which cannot fail to fit) forwarded by post, on the circumference of the body, two inches below the hon being sent to the Manufacturer, Mr. W HITE, 228, Piccadilly, London. LASTIC STOCKINGS, KNEE CAPS, &c. For VARICOSE VEINS. and all cases of WEAKNESS and SWELLING of the LEGS, SPRAINS, &c. They are porous, light in texture, an Ley soca pad oy Pee ge on “4 an ordinar. stocking. “Price, from 7& postage Sd. CTORY, 228, piccaDILLy. tb DON. ECAYED TEETH and TOOTH - ACHES Patronized LA Her M Albert.—Mr. HOWARD'S PATENT Riese ScceDanin for filling J atm teeth, however large the cavity. ae the tooth in a soft state, without any pressure or paid, short time becomes as hard as the enamel, lasting many Sold by Savory, 220, Regent-street; Sanger. 150, an ny Oxford-street; Butler, 4, Cheapside ; Johnston, 68, Cornhill; par all Chemists and Medicine Venders in the kingdom. Price 2. with full directions for use inclosed. TD EAENESS and NOISES in the HEAD: Institution for the Cure of Deafness, 9, Suffolk-plact, Mall, London. Instant and permanent restoration of of ra guaranteed, without the use of ear-trumpets. instrum' causing one —— 8 Norma to the most aged roe sufferer. Dr. HOGHTON’S new and extraordinary one consultation po deaf persons of either sex to mediately with perfect ease the lowest whisper, and removesall singing in theears. Hospital and private cc and certificates from the most eminent Physicians and in England, in whose presence deaf persons ee — i pn, oak of private ee cured can re ours of consultation, 11 till 4 every ty y. Hoghton, Member of the ie Be Royal College of rpena 2, 1845; Licentiate of the Fae ew Company, April ished, in oo ange oe DEAFNESS. for country polteniog em sm, quackery, and exor ees, stain mps, free. Hxamination free. 9, Suffolk-place, Pall Mall Watches M* Jewry, b continue &c.,from House, 4 parts of every int above. Petits C Custom- pe co byanaw: of the E ' Continuo rivate it L all- __ 88, 6 v Ist Most re ect Block Tis plated on HE —Th WILLA

Page 31

we 1s. 34d, > You bruig nimal,—(at 78. 6d, and h-street, FIBRE 8, Cushi bre, &e. he N LONDOS, RS. RESEN. adid Gothis ouble-action noniums, by T COCKS § iolins (200 ip Violoncelles, ertinas, with ty of Metre nd Amateur, e. — London; ishers to th d GILD. ARLES No- ve Shops ani -o contain the f the best de receipt of sir - 398 and 3%, \NTS- n of Festivity and Personal IL, und sustainis: J a xy and softnes d renders thy rden, Londd N8!! DOTHIN een in gen rved numer ‘ill refuse told rtis W YRUP, and rringdon-stret pe), are on th e, Pall Sah N° 1419) THE ATHENAZUM 31

——— SS = DENT, 61, STRAND, and 34 and 35, e ROYAL EXCHANGE, Chronometer, Watch, and Clock Maker, by appointment, to the Queen and Prince Albert, sole cessor to the late E. J. Dent in all his patent rights and busi- at the above Shops, and at the Clock and Compass Factory, Somerset Wharf, Maker of Chronometers, Watches, Astrono- i Turret, and other Clocks, Dipleidoscopes, and Patent Ships Compasses, used on board Her Majesty’s Yacht. Ladies’ Gold Watches, 8 guineas ; Gentlemen's, 10 guineas. Strong Silver Lever Watches, 61. 68. AGN te tae HA BIOS ESSRS. J. & R. M‘CRACKEN, Foretcn Acents, and Acents to the Rovan Acapemy, No.7, Old Jewry, beg to remind the Nobility, Gentry, and_ Artists, that they continue to receive Consignments of Objects of Fine Arts, Baggage, &e.,from all parts of the Continent, for clearing through the Custom House, &c. ; and that they undertake the shipment of effeets to all ts of the world. Lists of their Correspondents abroad, and every information, may be had on application at their Office, as above. Also, in Paris, of M. M. Cuenv, No. 28, Rue Croix des Petits Champs established upwards of fifty years), Packer and Custom-Honse Agent to the French Court and to the Musée Royal, ARRIAGES of the lightest Construction, best build and finish, at reduced prices.— For SALE, or to be Let on Job, a large assortment of New and Second-hand CARKIAGES, comprising single and double seated Broughams, Clarences, Step- jece Barouches, Pilentums, Phaetons, &c.— PEakE’s old-esta- lished Carriage Factory, 5, Lisle, or 11, Princes-street, Leicester- square. INE-ART MANUFACTURE.—ELKINGTON & Co. respectfully solicit the attention of the Nobility, Gentry, Amateurs, Artists, and others interested in the advance- ment of British Art-Manufacture, to their increasing Collections of Statuettes, Vases, &c. published exclusively by them in Bronze, filver,and Gold,from the Antique and select Works of Modern tists. aii te their Artistic and Decorative Plate, calculated for the Table, Sideboard, Library, Boudoir, &c. : These productions were honoured at the late Great Exhibition byanaward of the ‘Council Medal,’ and may be obtained at either of the Establishments— 22, REGENT-STREET, : if MOORGATESTREET, } LONDON. NEWHALL-STREET, BIRMINGHAM. ENTLEMEN who require their HOUSES REPALRED or DECORATED in an efficient manner and at a moderate cost, can be furnished with Estimates free of charge. ~Applications may be made personally or by letters JOHN SYKES, Builder, 47, Essex-street, Strand. OTICE. —_OVERCOATS, CAPES, &c.— One of the largest Stocks in London of every description, frst-class Garments, at lowest charges ; also of YOUTHS’ ditto, all made thoroughly impervious to rain, without extra charge. or made to order at a day’s notice.—W. BERDOE, 96, NEW BOND- STREET, and 69, CORN HILL (only). + TTT : r ONTINUOUS EMPLOYMENT GUARAN- TEED.—A limited number of LADLES WANTED IMME- DIATELY, to pursue the Fashionable and Lucrative Arts of “ILLUMINATING ON VELLUM” and “* LITHOGRAPHY,’ for objects at the Crystal Palace, intended for epee Each Art is taught for One Guinea, either personally or by correspon- dence, and by which a handsome income can be realized weekly.— Continuous employment guaranteed at the pupil's residence and private instruction.—The elegant specimens are on view daily, at Mons. LAURENT’S residence, 14, Torrington-square, near Russell-square ; Royal Polytechnic, &.— References to families of distinction. No knowledge of drawing necessary. ASY CHAIRS, CHAISES LONGUES, SETTEES, COUCHES, CONVERSAZIONE SOFAS, &e. &., of the most fashionable. elegant, and luxurious forms, stuffed in the French, German, and English manner; also a large stock ¢ beautiful inlaid CABLNETS, CHIFFONIERS,

and every requisite for furnishing any view at these extensive FURNITURE GALLERIES and SHOW- ROOMS, manufactured by first-rate workmen, of the best seasoned materials. ‘he price is marked on each article in plain figures. and will be found much under trade charges. Persons about furnishing should visit this establishment before deciding else- ere, DRUCE & 00. 68, 69, and 58, BAKER- STREET, PORTMAN-SQU ARE. ISH COVERS and HOT WATER DISHES in every material, in great variety, and of the newest and Most recherché patterns. Tin Dish Covers, $s. 6d. the set of six ; Block Tin, 12s. 3d. to 288. 9d. the set of six ; elegant modern pat- erns, 348, to 58a, 6d. the set ; Britannia Metal, with or without silver-plated handles, 76a, 6d. to 110s. 6d. the set ; Sheffield plated, 10L. to 162. 108. the set; Block Tin Hot Water Dishes, with wells for gravy, 128. to 308.; Britannia Metal, 228. to 778.; Electro- plated on Nickel, full size, 112 lls. HE PERFECT SUBSTITUTE for SILVER. W —The REAL NICKEL SILVER, introduced 20 years ago by WILLIAM 8. BURTON, when PLATED by the patent process of Messrs. Elkington & Co., is beyond all comparison the very best article next to sterling silver that can be employed as such, either usefully or ornamentally, as by no possible test can it be distin- Suished from real silver. Thread or Fiddle Brunswick King’s ‘ Pattern. Pattern. Pattern. Tea Spoons, per dozen a <c e ert Forks ,, ° - 308. 4. 408. Dessert Spoons 5, : : 308. 423, Table Forks ” ‘ LC «. Table Spoons pa cconcceen GOR .. SO .. C@ Tea and Coffee Sets, Waiters, Candlesticks, &c., at proportionate Prices. All kinds of re-plating done by the patent process. CHEMICALLY PURE NICKEL NOT PLATED. Table Spoons i Fiddle. Thread. King’s. Spoons and Forks, fullsize, perdoz. 128. .. 28% .. 308. rt dittoand ditto .........cc.c0000. 108 1. Qs. 258. Tea ditto Coereccvcccccccccccscccccscccocs GB oo LB 128. Het AIR, Gas, Vesta, Joyce’s STOVES.— ES for the economical and safe heating of halls, shops, gon d S, petri basements, and the like, being at this sea- Taritenended, WILLIAM 8. BURTON invites attention to his be slied assortment, adapted (one or the other) to every con- Variet: € requirement, at prices from 10s, each to 30 guineas. His ¥ of Register and other Stoves is the largest in existence. inAuIAM 8. BURTON has TEN LARGE SHOW-ROOMS i to the show of GENERAL FURNISHING IRON- MONGERY (including Cutlery, Nickel and arranged and neaten and Brass Bedsteads and Bedding, so take thein selegtione at purchasers may easily and at once es, with Engravings, sent (per post) free. Themoney ed of. for every articl 29. OXPFORD-STREET (corner of Newma: Q n-street); 1.2, and 3, NEWMAN-STREET ; and 4 and 5, PERRY'S-PLACE.

class of house, is always on |

HUBB’S LOCKS, with all the rEcEnT IMPROVEMENTS; STRUNG FILRE-PROOF SAFES, CASH and DEED BOXES.—Complete Lists of Sizes and Prices may be had on application. CHUBB & SON, 57, St. Paul’s Churchyard, London; 28, Lord- street, Liverpool ; 16, Market-street, Manchester; and Horsley Fields, Wolverhampton. EMARTIN’scelebrated GOLDEN SHERRY, _ 308. per dozen, Sé. 148. for six dozen, 18! per quarter cask rail paid to any station in England.—_THOS. NUNN & SONS, Wive and Spirit Merchants (upwards of 43 years Purveyors to the Hon. Society of Lincoln’s Inn), 21, Lamb’s Conduit-street, Found- ling Hospital, recommend the above as an excellent pure DIN- NER WINE, which will give satisfaction. On application a Price Current of every description of Wives, Spirits, &c., forwarded. Very Choice Old Pale Cognac Brandy, 668.; and Old Schiedam Hollands, 54%. per dozen. N ODERATOR LAMPS.—IMPROVED : PRINCIPLE. — For simplicity, streneth and general finish, the LAMPS sold by THOMAS PEARCE & SON \are far superior to any other kind. They are all made expressly for their house—are tried before they leave the Manufactory, and have important improvements peculiar to only these Lamps. The patterns are singularly uncommon and beautiful, and for art, elegance and good taste, the assortment is quite unexception- a many of the designs belonging exclusively to T. PEARCE

PRARCH & SON, 93. Lndgnte-hill. CAM LANTERNS for the CRIMEA, com- bining every recent improvement, adapted for burning the Patent Fusee Candles, which can be instantly ignited as a lucifer. These Lanterns are equally suitable for warehousemen and others. Price 9s. each; Fusee Camp Candles, Is. 3d. per box. Sold by all Lamp- Dealers ; by S. CLARKE, 55, Albany-street, Regent's Park ; and wholesale by PALMER & Co Sutton-street. Clerkenwell. ATENT FUSEE CARRIAGE CANDLES, can be instantly ignited as a lucifer, are of different lengths, adapted for journeys of two, three, or four hours, and of two thicknesses to fit all lamps.—Sold in Boxes, at 1s. 3d. per box, by all Grocers, Candle-Dealers, and Chemists; and wholesale by PALMER & Co. Sutton-street, Clerkenwell, London. MPROVED DASHBOARD LAMPS, made so that they can be instantly affixed to the Dashboard of any Gig, Drag, or other description of Vehicle, and can be as quickly removed and used for a Hand-Lantern in the stable. They are adapted for burning the new Patent Fusee Carriage Candle. The appearance and effect are ao to that of a carriage lamp of supe- rior finish, but, the price being less than half, these lamps are placed within the reach of every person requiring a light when driving.— Price . 6d. each, at any of the Lamp-Dealers; and wholesale by PALMER & Co, Sutton-street, Clerkenwell: and by the Patentee, 8. CLARKE, 55, Albany-street, Kegent’s Park, "DR. DE JONGH'S LIGHT BROWN COD LIVER OIL. PREPARED FOR MEDICINAL USE IN THE LOFFODEN SON. Direct paint of Oil of the finest quality.

| ISLES, NORWAY, AND PUT TO THE TEST OF CHEMICAL | ANALYSIS. ; AS THE MOST EFFECTUAL REMEDY FOR CONSUMP- PRESCRIBED BY EMINENT MEDICAL MEN TION, BRONCHITIS, ASTHMA, GOUT, RHEUMATISM, SOME DISEASES ‘f# THE SKIN, RICKETS, INFAN- | TINE WASTING, GENERAL DEBILITY, AND ALL SCRO- TABLES, and | {AIKS, of the newest style of Foreign and British Manufacture, | FULOUS AFFECTIONS — effecting a cure or alle- viating suffering much more rapidly than any other kind. PURE AND UNADULTERATED. TESTIMONIAL FROM ARTHUR H. HASSALL, M.D. F.L.S. Member of the Royal College of Physicians, Physician to the Royal Free Hospital, Author of ‘ Food and its Adulterations,’ &c. &&c. “ Dear Sir,—I beg to return my acknowledgments for the copy of your Work on Cod Liver Oil, with which you have favoured me. I was already acquainted with it, and had perused it some time previously with considerable gratification, especially the chapter devoted to the consideration of the adulteration of Cod Liver Oil. “ T have paid, as you are aware, much attention to the subject of the adulteration of drugs. Amongst the articles i OT WATER APPARATUS, adapted for - Horticultural and every other description of Buildings ; improved Boilers. requiring no rickwork ; Warm Air Apparatus, &e.—S. 8. TAYLER, Engineer, WORCESTERSHIRE

EA & PERRINS’ SAUCE imparts the most exquisite relish to Steaks, Chops, andall Roast MeatGravies, Fish, Game, Soup, Curries, and Salad, and by its tonic and invigorating properties enables the stomach to perfectly digest the food. The daily use of this aromatic and delicious Sauce isthe best safeguard to health. Sold by the Pro- prietors, Lea & Perrins, 6, Vere-street, Uxford-street, London, and 68, B: a . reester ; and also hy Messrs. Barcla: & Sons, Messrs. Crosse & Blackwell, and other Oilmen an Merchants. London; and generally by the principal Dealersin Sauce.—N.B. To guard against imitations, see that the names of ‘Lea & Perrins” are upon the label and patent cap of the bottle. ENRY’S CALCINED MAGNESIA con- * tinues te be prepared, with the most scrupulous care and attention, by Messrs. THOS. & WM. HENRY, Manufacturing Chemists, Manchester. It is sold, in bottles price 2s. 9d. ; or with glass stoppers at 4s. 6d., Stamp included, with full directions for its use, by their various agents in the Metropolis, and throughout the United Kingdom ; but it cannot be genuine unless their names are engraved on the Government Stamp, which is fixed over the cork or stopper of each bottle. Sold in London, wholesale, by Messrs. Barclay & Sons, Farring- don-street ; Sutton & Co. Bow Churchyard ; Newbery & Sons, E. Edwards, Thos. Butler, St. Paul’s Churchyard ; Savory & Co. New Bond-street ; Sanger, Oxford-street: and of most of the Venders of the Magnesia may be had, authenticated, by a similar Stamp, HENRY’S AROMATIC SPIRIT OF VINEGAR, the invention of Mr. Henry, and the only genuine preparation of that article. A NEW DISCOVERY IN TEETH. H R. HOWARD, SURGEON-DENTIST, 52, FLEET-STREET, has introduced an ENTIRELY NEW DESCRIPTION of ARTIFICIAL TEETH, fixed without springs, wires, or ligatures. They so perfectly resemble the natural teeth as not to be distinguished from the originals by the closest ob- server; they will never change colour or decay, and will be found superior to any teeth ever before u This method does not re- quire the extraction of roots, or any painful operation, aud will support and preserve teeth that are loose, and is guaranteed to restore articulation an i Decayed teeth rendered sound and useful in mastication. % 52, FLEET-STREET.—At home from Ten till Five. RTIFICIAL TEETH of the best, cheapest. and most durable description. Manufactured and adapted solely by Mr. THOS. LUKYN, with guaranteed success, on his improved French mode of mechanical construction. Read Lukyn’s * Essay on the Teeth, with illustrations, crown 8vo. 2s. 6d., by post, 38. 4, Upper George-street, Bryanston-square. AINLESS TOOTH EXTRACTION, with- out Chloruform.—Mr. WALTER BLUNDELL is at home daily, from Ten till Four, for Dental Operations under his new patent process.—29, New Broad-street, City. ETCALFE & CO”S NEW PATTERN TOUTH BRUSH & PENETRATING HAIR BRUSHES. —The Tooth Brush has the important advantage of searching thoroughly into the divisions of the Teeth, and is famous for the hairs not coming loose, 1s. An improved Clothes Brush, incapable of injuring the finest nap. oe Hair Brushes, with the durable unbleached Russian bristles. Flesh Brushes of improved graduated and powerful friction. Velvet Brushes, which act in the most successful manner. Smyrna Sponges.—By meaus of direct importations, Metcalfe & Co. are enabled to secure to their customers the luxury of a Genuine Smyrna Sponge. Only at METCALFE, BINGLEY & CO.’S Sole Establishment, 1308, Oxford-street, one door from Holles-street. k Caution.—Beware of the words “ From Metcalfe’s,” adopted by some houses, METCALFE’S ALKALINE TOOTH POWDER, 22. per box. U BARRY’S HEALTH RESTORING REVALENTA ARABICA FOOD counteracts Dyspepsia a ion), Constipation and their consequences.— Andrew Ure, M.D. F.R.S., London. These consequences are Nervous, Bilious and Liver Complaints, Acidity, Heartburn, Flatulency, Sick Headaches and General Debility, Low Spirits, Cough, Asthma, Incipient Consumption, Nausea, is, moreover, the best food for infants and invalids generally, as it never purges or turns acid on the weakest stomach, nor interferes with a co liberal diet, but imparts a healthy relish for lunch and dinuer, and restores the faculty of digestion and nervous and muscular energy to the most enfeebled. Highly approved of by Drs. Ure, Shorland, Harvey, Campbell, Gatticker, Wurzer, Lord Stuart de Decies, and 50,000 other respectable persons, whose health has been perfectly restored by it after all other means of cure had failed. In canisters, 1 lb. 28. 9d.; 21b. 48, 6d.; 51b. 118.; 121b. 22s.; super- refined, 1 1b. 68.; 21b. 118.; 5 1b. 228.; 10 1b, 33e. The 101b. and 12 1b. carriage free on receipt of Post-office order. Barry Du Barry & Co. 77, Regent-street, London; Fortnum, Mason & Co. Pur- veyors to Her Majesty, Piceadill, ; also, at 60, Gracechurch-street; 330 and 451, Strand ; 4, Cheapside ; 68, Cornhill ; 49, Bishopsgate- street; 55, Charing-cross; 54, Upper Baker-street ; 63 and 150, Oxford-street.

ave not overlooked one so important as Cod Liver Oil, and this more particularly, since it is 2 very favourite remedy with me, and is, moreover, so liable to deterioration by admixture with other especially inferior Fish Oils. I may state that I have more than once, at diffe times, subjected your Light Brown Oil to che- mical analysis, and this unknown to yourself, and [I have always found it to be free from all impurity, and rich in the constitu- ents of bile. “so great is my confidence in the article, that I usually pre- scribe it in preference to any other, in order to make sure of ob- taining the remedy in its purest and best condition. “*T remain, yours faithfully, (Signed) “ARTHUR H. HASSALL, M.D. m ett-street, St. James’s-street, “1st December, 1854.

“To Dr. De Jongh, the Hague.” Sop 1y Lonpon by ANSAR, HARFORD, & CO. 77, STRAND, Dr. De Jongh’s sole accredited Consignees and Agents for the United Kingdom and the Bri:ish Possessions,and sent by them, CARRIAGE FREE, to all parts of town. May be obtained in the Coustry, from Venders of Medici: any difficulty be experienced in tahle Ch tot, a

icine. Should rocuring the Oil, Messrs, Ansar, Harrorp & Co. will forward four 1f-pint bottles to any part of England, cARRIAGE PAID, on receipt of a remittance of 108, Half-pints (10 ounces), 2%. 6d.; Pints (20 ounces), 4a. 9d.; Quarts (40 ounces), 98—IMPERIAL MEASURE. CAUTION .—The bottles are labelled with Dr. DE JonGn’s stamp and signature, without which none are genuine. The Public are specially cautioned against frequent attempts to induce them to purchase other kinds of Cod Liver Oil, under the pretence that'they are the same as Dr. De Jongh’s, or equally efficacious

ERVES.—DR. GRANDISON’S PILLS for strengthening the Nerves are sold in London by Mr. RICH- ARDS, 40, New Bridge-street; Mr. SANGER, 150, Oxford-street ; and other respectable Chemists.— Boxes can be sent by post. Price 1s. 14d., 2s. 9d., and 48. 6d. each. NOW THYSELF! The secret art of DIS- COVERING the TRUE CHARACTER of ivI- DUALS from the peculiarities of their HANDWKITING, has long been practised } by Miss GRAHAM with astonishing suc- cess. Her startling delineations are both full and detailed, differing from suything hitherto attempted. All persons wishing to “know themselves,” or a — _ “go eyed are ——_ i thei ing, 8 g sex an . in- tlocing 13 penny post stamps to Miss Grabam, 10, CHICHESTER- PLACE, KING" ey will receive in a ew days a minute d the mental and moral qualities, talents, tastes, affections, virtues, —— &c., of the writer, with grap y other things hitherto unsus' . $ e Miss Graham is a mst successfu hiologist."* Family Herald, OLLOWAY’S PILLS an incomparable MEDICINE for the CURE of BILE and INDIGESTION. —Extract of a Letter from Henshall, of Ashton-under- Lyme, dated June 28, 1854 rofessor Holl Sir—l was for a considerable — afflicted wi with frequent sickness, loss of appetite, gi siness, and dimness of woe with constitution, which defied the effects of a variety of reput cines, and deriving no benefit from them whatever, 1 commen taking-your Pills, and am bound in gratitude to confess that they a ote ole ee caw of Medicine, and at Profearo health.”—So! enders loway’s Establishments, 224, Strand, London; and 60, Maiden- lane, New York.

Page 32

32 THE ATHENAUM CJ an. 6, 755 177, PICCADILLY, OPPOSITE BURLINGTON HOUSE. J AMES TOOVEY begs to inform Buyers of Rare and Fine Books that he has removed to the above more convenient Premises, recently in the occupation of the late Mz. WILLIAM PICKERING, and that he is preparing a Catal of his Stock, which for the most part are remarkable for beauty of condition, and are bound by the best Binders of past and present times. The Col. lection will be found rich in English History and Topography, comprising the most important of the County Historians, in French Belles Lettres, and Mémoires illustrative of French History, Classics, Natural History, &c. State Papers, &c. by Rushworth, Thurloe, Bur- Jeigh, Boyle, Clarendon, Clanricarde, Forbes, Nalson Strafforde, Sydney, Whitelocke, Winwood, &. &e., 52 vols. folio, many on large paper, uniform in full gilt russia, 1207. Carte’s History of England, and Life of the Duke of Ormonde, 7 vols. folio, large paper, russia by Clarke, 35 gu Anderson’s Royal Genealogies, folio, large paper, russia, 62. 68. | Ashmole’s History of the Order of the Garter, folio, russia extra, 62 62. Camden’s Britannia by Gough, 3 vols. folio, gilt | russia, 100. 10s. | —— The last Edition, 4 vols. folio, russia, 127. 12s. | WES : , — . Burton’s History of Leicestershire, fol lt russ’ Chronicles by Holinshed, Hall, Grafton, Fabyan, | sh ase 6d. ‘iin j i: |: as aaa Sas eee Rastall, 13 vols. 4to. russia extra, 25 guins, | Burton’s Monasticon Eboracense, folio, gilt russia, Froissart, translated by Lord Berners, 4. 14s. 6d. comer and Memoirs of Joinville, 7 vols. 4to. russiaextra,| __. . Another copy, large paper, russia, 51. 15s. 6d. | Clutterbuck’s History of Hertfordshire, 3 vols. folio, russia, 187. 188. | Collinson’s Somersetshire, 3 vols. 4to. russia, 71, 178. 6d. Dugdale’s Warwickshire, folio, russia, gilt leaves, 12d, 123. | Allen’s History of Yorkshire, 3 vols. 4to. russia extra, 61. 16s. 6d. ——— Lincolnshire, 2 vols. 4to. russia, 31. 3s. Baker’s Northamptonshire, 2 vols. folio, russia, 102, 10a, — Another copy, large paper, 127. 12s. Bentham’s History of Ely, with Supplement, 2 | vols. 4to. calf extra, 5l. 15s. 6d. | Blomefield’s Norfolk, 5 vols. folio, with 750 Coats of Arms emblazoned by Dowse, uncut, 40 guineas. Borlase’s Antiquities and Natural History of Corn- wall, 2 vols. folio, 52. 158. 6d. Dugdale’s Monasticon, with Continuation by Ste- vens, 3 vols. folio, gilt russia, 121. 12s. , Another copy, 3 vols. large paper, russia, | 182, 188. Harleian Miscellany and Lord Somers’s Tracts, by | Sir Walter Scott, 23 vols. 4to. calf gilt, 38 guineas. } rae , r Gale et Fell Scriptores Rerum Anglicarum Ve- | —— Best edition, by Thomas, 2 vols. folio, gilt teres, 3-vols, russia, 8). 18%. 6d. | _ Self. s8 guineas, ’ Rymeri Feedera, 10 vols. folio, russ. gilt, 20 guins. | Gye History of Thingoe Hundred, Suffolk, 4to. ay? Revem Angiiceram post Bedam, folio, russia | Ffasted’s Kent, 4 vols. folio, gilt russia, 25/7. Bede Historia Ecclesiastica, cura Smith, folio, Hoare’s Ancient Wiltshire, 2 vols. folio, russia, russia, 51, 58. 12l. 128. Camdeni Anglica, Hibernica, Normannica, Cam- | brica a Veteribus Scripta, folio, gilt russia, 31. 129. 6d. Twysdeni Historia Anglicane Scriptores, folio, : russia, 81.159. @d. | tion, large paper. Tanner's Notitia Monastica, by Nasmyth, folio, | Lysons’s Magna Britannia and Environs of Lon- russia, 71. 373. 6d. | don, 13 vols. 4to. russia, with additional plates, 28 guineas. Fuller's Church History, folio, russia, 67. 16s. 6d. | Sang he Deey story of Surrey, 3 vols. . . . . | » * - rf ee A orthies of England, folio, gilt russia, | Another copy, large paper, uncut, 18/7. 18s. — | ’ ° eae or Pisgah’s View of Palestine, folio, russia, | Morant’s History and Antiquities of Essex, 2 vols. 4l. 148. 6d. | folio, russia, 102. 10s. Progresses, Pageants, Festivities, &e. of Queen | Nash’s Worcestershire, with Supplement, 2 vols. Elizabeth and King James, 7 vols. 4to. calf extra, 121. 128, | folio, russia, 121 128. . More’s (Sir Thomas) Works, black letter, folio, | Nichols’s Leicestershire, 8 vols. folio, large paper, blue morocco, 121, 128, | uncut. ; : ; : Sandford’s Genealogical History of the Kings of Bibliotheca Topographica Britannica, 8 England, folio, russia, 62, 16s. 6d, } vols. 4to. half russia, uncut, 18/. 1ss. Saxton’s Maps of the Shires of England and Ormerod’s History of Cheshire, 8 vols. folio, russia, Wales by Lea, folio, russia gilt, 51. 158. 6d. | 421. ¥ Stow’s Chronicle of England, by Howes, folio, gilt | ——- Another copy, large paper, uncut, 55 guins. russia, 32. 13. 6d. lO d Blak ’s Sh bury, 2 vols. 4to. Survey of London, by Strype, 2 vols. folio, "ae r 168. ed. oe = “ russia extra, 18/, 188. ’ . : * . 5 : Blakew Sheriffs of Shropshire, fol State Trials, by Hargrave, 11 vols. in 6, folio, gilt © a apne ne a eee es Plot’s Natural History of Oxfordshire, folio, gilt Zuinglii Opera, 3 vols. folio, calf gilt leaves by ‘anh, ae 6d. ee Bedford, 121. 128, Polwhele’s History of Devonshire, 3 vols. in one. Specimens of Ancient Sculpture, pub. by the “a 168, 6d. =a ’ 18, See Satin, SUEe A He ee Shaw’s History of Staffordshire, 2 vols. folio, English Dramatists, Collection of, including Mrs. large paper, uncut, 162. 16s. Behn, Centlivre, Mountford, Shadwell, Sedley, &c. &c., 63 vols. 2 8 : 19mo. red morocco, 5) guinens. Suckling’s History of Suffolk, 2 vols. 4to. large paper, russia, gilt, 6/. 168. 6d. Ben Jonson, Beaumont & Fletcher, Massinger, | , ot ‘ibe . Ford, Shirley, and Dodsley’s Old Plays, together 44 vols. tree- Surtees’s History of Durham, 4 vols. folio, large marb. calf, 35 guineas. | paper, half-russia, uncut, 30 guineas. | Thoresby’s Leeds, and Whittaker’s Richmondshire, Modern Wiltshire, 6 vols. folio, Arms em- blazoned by Dowse, 50 guineas, Hutchins’s Dorsetshire, 4 vols. folio, Second Edi- } | Bewick’s Birds, 2 vols. 8vo. large paper, first edition, green morocco, 8. 88. | 4 vols. russia extra, 28 guineas. —— Another copy, with the Quadrupeds and | Warner’s History of Hampshire, 6 vols. in 3, 4to. Select Fables, 4 vols. large paper, half-russia, uncut, 121.128. | calf gilt, 62. 163. 6d. 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The Bishop, by whose labours the work was perfected, was William Elphinstone, one of the most pious and munificent Prelates that ever adorned the Scottish Church. The Public and the Trade are informed that all the late Mr. PICKERING’S Valuable Publications are on Sale, many at reduced prices. Printed by James Hotmes, of No.4, New Ormond-street, in the county of Middlesex, at his printing-office N o. 4, Took’s-court, Chan Messrs. & Bradfute, Edinburgh ;—for [reLanp, Mr. John Robertson, Dublin.—Saturday, January 6, 1855. me Jane, inthe parish of St. Andrew, in the said county ; and publish! by Joun pares, of No. 14, Wellington-street North,in the said county, Publisher, at No. 14in Wellington-street aforesaid ; and sold by all ksellers and Newsvenders.—Agents: for Scotia