The Queries Magazine (May, 1890)

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—— ———- — ee ATIONS. | SIENTIFIC RELIGION, ok, HIGHER PossIBILITIES OF LIFE AND PRACTICE THROUGH THE OPERATION OF NATURAL FORCES. By LAURENCE OLIPHANT. HE MOST REMARKABLE WORK OF ONE OF THE MOST REMARKABLE MEN OF THE CENTURY. AUTHORIZED AMERICAN EDITION. Srom fhe Sun, Mew Pork. The title of the book was given to it, not be- cause the author explained the discovery and formulation of a new science, but because he conceived he had sufficient data upon which a religion might be founded by persons willing to undergo the spiritual development which he pointed out, and to reduce it to law. This spiritual development, we learn subsequently, consists in the restoration to man of his primi- tive bi-sexualism, which will be affected by the ' perfect union, spiritual and personal, of pairs of males and females, each affording a new channel for the descent of divine power on earth. Like all reformers, Mr. Oliphant believes that the world at present is utterly depraved, and that its ruin can be averted only by the adoption of the remedy he discloses. All churches, all religions, all civilizations, in short, have hitherto ‘failed to redeem the human race or to arrest its. downward course toward perdition. * * The author has no sympathy with that form of religion which aims chiefly, if not solely, at one’s own personal salvation. This he calls the religion of selfishness, and to its predominance among Christians he attributes the ruin of the Church and the necessity of a new effort for the regeneration of the race. Indeed the book is - pervaded with a most charmingsspirit of earnest self-abnegation and altruistic love. Grom SBe Bloke, (boston. _ * * The purpose of Mr. Oliphant is to prepare the minds of men for a new illumination, to be independent of that of received religion, and to lead to a purer and nobler social life, and which he believes the present intellectual and social movementis seeking. * * Asa philo- sophical system, whatever one’s attitude towards acceptance of it, it is one of the most profound and remarkable in Eng- lish thought. ° . Srom Be Universafist, Chicago. The book is written in a choice and refined literary style, and cannot fail to prove deeply interesting to all, and full of illumination to those whose minds are open to the facts or theories of sniritual significance. Extracts from QGritis® Mapers. ‘*Mr. Oliphant’s new book will be found to be one of the strangest and most startling of the many books that we have had hitherto from his prolific pen.” —The World, London.. _In the new religion we have an Organon superior to -Aristotle’s and Bacon's. It opens up new realms of know- ' ledge.”’—Dundee Advertiser. **To us the story and the theories that grow out of it are wild and strange beyond description; but yet itis the story of a man: of the world, for whose accomplishments and re- quirements, in the ordinary meaning of the words, and for whose sound sense and keen perception: in ordinary matters, ee witnesses may be had,’’—St. James Gazette, ondon, “*Mr. Oliphant contrives, by virtue of his wit, his shrewd- ness, and his art of putting things, to carry his readers com- pletely along with him.”’--Leeds Mercury. ‘**'There could hardly be a book of which it would be more difficult to give an intelligible analysis.” —Pall Mall Gazette. . **The book is not unfitted to be a touchstone to the wise, who will learn and increase learning, and to the larger class who are anxious to intrude into things they have not seen.’’— The Guardian, Manchester. es ** This is a truly remarkable book, and one that no man. of ordinary intelligence can read without having his interest awakened and his curiosity stimulated, and that, too, in no ordinary degree. The origin of the book is still more remark- able than its contents.’’—Northern Whig, Glasgow. ‘“* A man undertakes a stupendous task who tries to give a clear and intelligent account of Mr. Oliphant’s new book.” —The Literary World, London. Octavo, 474 Pages, Extra Cloth. PRICK, $2.50. ‘For sale by Booksellers or sent postpaid by the publisher, CHAS. A. WENBORNE, Buffalo, N. Y. Rape PS a

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THE QUERIES MAGAZINE. = VOLVI. GEORGE EBERS, THE GERMAN EGYVPTOLOGIST. MARION V. CARR. Since the death of Prof. Lepsius, the dis- tinguished scholar of Egyptian history, George Ebers undoubtedly stands in his stead as the man in Germany best informed in Egyptology. Prof. Ebers has studied and worked with a wonderful degree of zeal and perseverance, digging out abstruse points in the history of the ancient Egypt- ians, and making himself thoroughly con- versant with their customs and institutions. And it is through a medium the most in- teresting and fascinating that we Americans become partakers of this knowledge which has been acquired by him only after many years of toilsome research. **’Tis an ill wind that blows no one any good,’ and Prof. Ebers could not have considered as other than an ill wind the severe attack of rheumatism which confined him to his bed for along time. But even this proved not so bad in the end, as it was the ‘means of bringing some good, not only, as we trust, to Ebers’s pocket-book, but also to lovers of literature on both sides the water, I think it is in the preface to his first book that he tells us it was during this tedious suffering, when, however, his busy mind would not rest, that he first conceived the idea of putting in the form of a story the facts with which his mind was so richly stored. The result was those gems of literature in the form of historical novels, prominent among which are ‘‘ Narda” and ‘‘An Egyptian Princess,”’ MAY, 1890. NO. 5. So thoroughly is he acquainted with his subject that he writes with the utmost ease and accuracy; and so vividly does he bring every thing before his reader, that we forget it is of days long past that we are reading, but all seems stirred witha spirit of present reality. His descriptions are clear and con- cise, his characters strongly drawn, and their fashioning proves his keen insight in- to human nature. His language is pure, yet with that fervor and intensity which could only come from a love of his sub- ject. a = To show his happy descriptive powers, read the picture which he draws of a feast among the best Egyptians. .First, he de- scribes the open court, surrounded by gaudy pillars, and lighted by many lamps. In this court sit two rows of priests. By the side of each is a small table, and inthe center of the court is a large table filled with the food and drink of which they are all to partake. Servants are busily engaged in supplying each with dishes from this table. Between the guests also stand servants, with metal bowls and fine linen towels, these for the feasters to wash and wipe their fingers upon. This is, throughout, one of the most real- istic scenes that I have ever read. It seems almost that we are right among them, feast- ing too. Then, in his novel, ‘‘ Narda,’’ observe how minutely he sketches the character of Nebsecht, the surgeon. He says: ‘‘ Neb- secht was of the silent, reserved nature of the learned man, who, free from all de- sire of external recognition, finds a richsat- isfaction in the delights of investigation;

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140 ‘ and he regarded every demand on him to give proof of his capacity, as a vexatious but unavoidable intrusion on his unanswering but laborious and faithful investigations. ’”’ - Pentaur, another character, is described as being very light-headed, having a frank, Open manner, great manly beauty, anda happy aptitude for expressing his thoughts in poetry and music. Yet he says that these two—so unlike in appearance, charac- ter, and disposition, loved each other.’ In speaking of the house of Seti, he says: ‘* Many proficient in the healing art were brought up in the house of Seti, but few need to remain after passing the examina- tion of the degree of Scribe. The most gifted were sent to Heliopolis, where flour- ished in the great ‘‘ Hall of the Ancients” the most celebrated medical faculty of the whole country, whence they returned to Thebes, endowed with the highest honors in surgery, in ocular treatment, or in anyother branch of their profession, and became phy- sicians to the king, or made a living by im- parting their learning, and by being called in to consult on serious cases.”’ Again, listen to the clear and concise ac- count which he gives of the schools. ‘‘ The lower school was open to every son of a free citizen, and was often frequented by several hundred boys, who also found night quarters there. The parents were, of course, required either to pay for their main- tenance or to send due supplies of provis- ion for the help of their children at school. This university, or school, was connected with the House of Seti, as one of the sanctuar- ies of the Necropolis, founded by Rameses I, and carried on by hisson Seti. High festivals were held there in honor of the god of the gods of the under world. ‘This extensive building was intended to be equal to the great original foundations of priestly learn- ing at Heliopolis and Memphis; they were regulated on the same pattern, and with the object of raising the royal residence of Up- per Egypt, namely, Thebes, above the capi- tals of Lower Egypt, in regard to philosoph- ical distinction.” THE QUERIES MAGAZINE. And so throughout his works, combined with the fascination and beauties of the story are rich mines of knowledge. To be envied indeed is the man who can thus clothe his subjects with interest and attractiveness. ABOUT WRITING. MRS, M. F, BUTTS. It is always interesting to hear the ac- count given by writers of the circumstances attending the birth of fortunate poems. Generally the testimony is: ‘‘It came to me. I had not the least idea of writing a poem. I was reading, walking, sewing, even dish-washing, when suddenly I felt that I mustrush for pen and paper, and the words came so rapidly that I could scarcely write them down before the thought should elude me.” ‘The process is as na- tural as the opening of a rose-bud. Butas in the case of a blossom, the prior condi- tions must have been favorable. Given the right soil, sufficient sun and shade, /eave the tree to nature, and it will bear roses. The flowers will be perfect in proportion as the conditions have been and are natural; that is suited to the nature of the rose. The poet’s organization is poetry-producing, as the rose-tree is rose-producing, as the musical instrument is music-producing. The poem is the outcome of the organization. It is sketchy, colorless, imperfect if the or- ganization be limited, faulty and imperfect- ly nourished. It is vital according to the vitality of the poet; by vitality one does not necessarily mean __beefiness, but richness and fulness of life. These remarks were useless did they not lead to important consideration of how best to add to the poetry-producing power; or, if this savors too much of practicality, how the poet shall oftener, and for longer periods, be at his best. Whatever enriches the man enriches the special faculty. Technique is in the highest degree essential in poetry as in music. The poet must learn his art through much practice and incessant care. This goes without saying. The most ex-

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_THE QUERIES MAGAZINE. quisite finish, however, if it come not from a living root is like the perfection of a waxen rose as compared with the vivid, vital thing that has budded so miraculously from your bare unpromising rose-stalk. Therefore, let the poet perfect himself. Let his thought be not how shall I astonish the world with my talent, but how shall I be- come a genuine man. How shall my nobler parts assimilate and ennoble the lower? How shall I best encourage the soul and discour- age the undue dominance of the body? But as body and soul act upon each other as soil and root and branch in the production of a power, the physical must receive its due or the soul, and hence any special faculty, will suffer. Mr. Beecher says in (WVorwood: ‘‘ Re- member that much of knowledge is growth, not accumulation. Never outrun health. A broken-down scholar is like a razor with- out a handle. Keep anaccount with your brain. Sleep, food, air, exercise are your best friends. Don’t think your mind to bea pick-axe with which a student delves like a man digging for ore. If you must have a figure, call it a sensitive plate, on which nature forms pictures.- Make your mind like amirror before nature.’ Here, as’ us- ual, Mr. Beecher has hit the mark. The poet’s mind is a plate highly sensitized; to keep it clear, to keep it fine, to get ac- curate, clear-cut impressions is- the aim. Obey nature, and she will nurse you with richest milk; she will soothe you till you speak in harmonies; her culling will bring forth dreams that will delight and uplift your fellow-men. The young poet is full of yearnings for communion with kindred hearts; he is apt to think of the poetic gift mainly valuable as a means of introduc- tion into literary society. This conception of his high vocation is a delusion and a snare. Literary companionship is undoubted- ly a stimulus, but a little of it goes a long way. It. cannot be dignified toa motive. It does not as a general thing feel or strengthen. Like many another stimulus it dissipates, once a certain very narrow limit 141° is passed. The ‘‘midnight oil’’ which is associated with mental workers is nota good light for the making of fixed stars, however it may supply rocket-material. Sunshine and sleep, self-restraint and obedience to. the soul, tough muscles and a tender, open heart—these should make the poetic faculty prodigal of bloom. Add a jolly careless- ness as to whether the blossoms are appre- ciated or not, and our poet should be in the truest sense successful. HOW TO WRITE NOVELS. BY WALTER BESANT. The first serious attempt of the novice should be what is called a one-volume story. That is to say, a story which may be told in about sixty thousand words, and may be divided into about fifteen or twenty chap- ters—the latter for choice, because the divi- sion into short rather than long chapters is » a sovereign specific for the common ten- dency to sprawl, and instructs, moreover, in the arrangement of the incidents. It also makes it necessary ‘to find those incidents. Our student, if she cannot invent incidents, had better retire atonce. The comparative brevity of a one-volume story compels to clearness, what the French call ‘‘ netteé,”’ not only in style but also in the brain. Thus a three-volume novel may have a second, more or less connected with the leading plot; but a short story must not.’ There must be a single group and no more en- gaged upon one continuous sequence of events, all gradually leading up to the final tableau. The attention must not be diverted by the introduction of any character or any incident not wanted for the story. Each chapter must sensibly advance the story; there must be no digressions. But first, what is the story to be? This is a very important question. It is now a common-place that all the stories have been told. That is perhaps true, but I doubt it. The stories which one reads in papers and in old parish records are some- times new. I once, for instance, found a

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142 new story which had never been told before in any work of fiction in the history of a certain parish. But new stories are rare. Let it be granted, therefore, as a postulate, that our young novelist is going to tella story which will not be quite new. She will be in good company. Hundreds of stories, for instance, have been written about Treas- ure Islands, but Mr. Stevenson managed to write another which is generally allowed to be fresh. And there have been hundreds of romances about long lost lovers coming home again, to the joy of their bereaved sweethearts. That story, indeed; never fails to please. Let us sit down and seriously incline to the consideration of the story. Is it possi- ble to make one in cold blood, or does one spring ready made and complete it all its parts from the brain? I think my student will find in her brain nothing but shadows, echoes and memories ‘of stories she has read. The effort to ex- tract from among these occupants some- thing new and useful will probably lead her after a time to content herself with old ma- terials. It isa temptation; it is the broad way, and it leadeth to destruction. Let us forget the echoes and memories and discuss the subject from the beginning. Will you have a story of crime? Why not? The novelist of crime has a path be- fore him of much greater safety than that which lies before his brethren. For if he knows his business he always interests. <A murder, for instance, with the criminal un- known to the reader, but slowly, surely traced and tracked, may be most exciting. Yet the hand that writes such a novel must be strong. To be weak in such work as this makes it contemptible. There are, however, many other kinds of crimes _be- sides murder. But he who writes of them must be well acquainted with criminal law, with the procedure of courts, with the - methods of detectives, and with all kinds of things of which girls, as a rule, are pro- foundly ignorant. Yet there have been cases in which young writers have stepped THE QUERIES MAGAZINE.. at once into popularity by the story of a crime. One need only mention ‘‘ Mrs. Keith's Crime,’”’ ‘‘ Lady Audley’s Secret,”’ and ‘‘ East Lynne.” Shall it be a story of former times? Let those who wish to write of ancient days hes- itate. For yearsof work are wanted—years of reading—before it is possible to repro- duce, even with approximate fidelity, the time, the talk, the ideas of formertimes. I who speak, have written of the eighteenth century; my shelves are crammed with eighteenth century literature. novels, not Fielding’s and Smollett’s only, but the unknown, the obscure, dead-and- gone novels—unspeakably tedious; there are essays, not Addison’s and Johnson’s only, but the long-forgotten essays, feeble and foolish. Here are poems that fell still- born from the press; there are voyages and travels, biographies, geographies, school- books—every kind of book; a worthless — collection, save to him who studies them with a purpose. Him they reward. He will get from one the real talk of society; from another the setting out of a dinner- table and the order of the dishes; from a third, the hours of the daily life, and so forth. It isin the worst novels, somehow that these details may generally be found. Fielaing, for instance, in the exercise of that selection which is one of the most important functions of the novelist, passes over petty details. Will a young novelist have the courage to face all this labor? Had George Eliot seriously undertaken it, for instance, ‘‘Romola’”’ would have been not only a wonderful study of character and passion common to all ages, but a real and faithful picture of thetime. But, asa picture of the time, the work falls im- measurably below the ‘‘Cloister and the Hearth.” _Now I have been assured by Charles. Reade himself that there were twenty years of work in that wonderful romance. Most probably it will be resolved to make the attempt with a story of the present day. The present day seems familiar to all—as if Here are .”

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THE QUERIES MAGAZINE. it wanted nostudy. Alas! whata delusion! We know a little corner of it; most of us .pass our lives among a set of people who cling to certain ideas in common, and have certain Common interests; now and again we meet other people who have different 143 one side of the road is the Athenzum Club, on the other the Senior United Service. Could there be two clubs more unlike? Again, here is the Reform Club in Pall Mall, and the Radical Club, say, of Bethnal Green. Or there is the lady of county ANTIPODES. ideas. But this great world of ours—say, this great world of London, of great pro- vincial towns, of English country ‘life—has so many sets; there are so many interests; there are so many shibboleths of politics, of religion, of social rules, of morals and man- ners, that no mancan know them all. On society, and there is the lady of garrison life—what have they in common? | At the outset, therefore, my student, who is a young lady belonging to her own set, and knowing little of any outside sets, is limited to the social level and to the circle in which she moves. As she advances, she

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144 will make it her business to learn more of the world. At present she must be con- tented with the materials which she has. A modern story! What story, then? If you will take any good and popular novel, you will almost always find that the story in its simple form is quite old. It is the setting which makes it new. Love, constancy, courage, faith, patience, endur- ance, forgiveness, and their opposites, are themes which are as old as the green hills. In skillful hands they are ever new. The generations come and go—with all of them in succession the old stories are acted again; in every one the old stories are told again “by novelist, poet, dramatist and painter. Do not strive, therefore, too anxiously about getting an original story. Be con- tented at the outset with a simple theme, On the other hand, do not take one which has recently been used, and with great success. You would not follow Mr. Rider Haggard, for instance, into South Africa with a romance. And do not worry your- self about being very clever in the intricacy of a plot. Remember, for encouragement, with what simple materials Mrs. Ewing produced her finest stories. Remember ‘¢ Jackanapes.”’ In other words, begin your plot with a single central idea—any you please that admits of dramatic treatment and can create interest. | Consider, say, a diamond robbery. Very well, then, first of all, it must be a robbery committed under exceptional and mysteri- ous conditions, otherwise there would be no interest in it. Also, you will perceive that the robbery must be a big and import- ant thing—no little shoplifting business. Next, the person robbed must not bea mere diamond merchant, but a person whose loss will interest the reader, say one to whom the robbery is all-important. She _ shall be, say, a vulgar woman with an over-ween- - ing pride in her jewels, and of course with- out the money to replace them if they are lost. They must be so valuable as to be worn only on extraordinary occasions, and too valuable to be kept at home. They THE QUERIES MAGAZINE. must be consigned to the care of a jeweler who has strong-rooms. You observe that the story is now growing. We have got. the preliminary germ. Howcan the strong- room be entered and robbed? Well, it cannot. That expedient will not answer. Cannot the diamonds be taken from the lady while she is wearing them? That would have been done in the days of the gallant Claude Duval, but it will not do now. Might the house be broken into by a burglar on a night when the lady had worn them and returned? But she would not rest with such a great property in the house unpro- tected. They must be taken back to their guardian the same night. Thus the only vulnerable point in the care of the dia- monds seems their carriage to and from their guardian. They must be stolen be- tween their owner’s and ‘the jeweler’s house. Then by whom? The robbery must somehow be connected with the hero of the love story—that is indispensable; he must be innocent of all complicity in it— that is equally indespensable; he must pre- serve our respect; he will have to be some- how a victim. How is that to be managed? The story is getting onin earnest. Per- -haps the writer, who has not yet written a word, may leave the clearing up for after consideration and proceed at once to the characters and earlier scenes; perhaps, if she is a beginner, it may be better to have everything clear from the beginning. Did you ever see an artist’s first rough sketch of what he will afterward make into a great painting? Here is the central fig- ure, just roughly worked in. The attitude, the gesture and the intention of the figure are already clearly indicated. The other figures are sketched just faintly; the artist has not yet grasped them. This is just where we are with this story of ours. We have only the attitude and the intention of the central figure, with one or two shadowy figures. We have still to construct our story. The only way—or the best way—seems,

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THE QUERIES MAGAZINE. on consideration, to make the lover be the. person who is intrusted with the carriage of this precious packet of jewels to and from their owner’s house. ‘This, however, is not avery distinguished role to play; it wants a very skilled. hand to interest us in a jew- eler’s assistant. Bourgeois life, somehow, lends itself with difficulty to romance, . We must therefore give this young man an ex- ceptional position., Force of circumstances, perhaps, has compelled him to-accept the situation which he holds. He need not, again, be a shopman; he may be a confi- dential employé holding a position of great trust. And he may be a young man with ambitions outside the narrow circle of his work. The girl to whom he is engaged must, of course, be lovable to begin with; she must be of the same station in life as her lover— that is to say, of the middle class, and _ preferably of the professional class. As to her home circle, that must be distinctive and interesting. And here is a point on which young writers are often shipwrecked. They spend time and dissipate the interest in describing at too good length things which do not belong to the main idea of the novel. The girl’s home circle, for in- stance, must be made clearly intelligible and it should form a pleasant and happy picture, so as to contrast with the trouble which is looming ahead. But you want your reader to be interested in the robbery; therefore do not waste his attention on points of minor interest. The sense of due proportion in the management of the minor points is one of the faculties belonging to the natural aptitude or genius for novel- writing. It may be cultivated, but it can- not be created. It is apart of the dramatic sense. As regards the characters, we have as yet arrived at a sketchy kind of lover, a sketchy girl, and a sketchy owner of the diamonds. They have really to be all created. every one real. Do not introduce a single character who is not thoroughly real to yourself. And remember that they should Make — 145 be interesting. Make them comic, or gro- tesque, or pathetic, or wicked, or anything that you please—but make them interest- ing. You will not have the audacity of Dickens, but take the lesson from his works of interesting the reader in the characters. In the ‘‘ Old Curiosity Shop,” how simple is the central idea of that immortal work— the ruined gambler. What, however, would . the story lose if Quilp were out of it, or Sally Brass? We will suppose. that you have, out of your gallery of portraits, found a group which you think will play well into each other’s hands, both for harmony of color and for contrast. You have got enough to begin with; you will want more as you get along; you will want your villain—let him be a good villain, no half-and-half sneaking villain; you will want supers, perhaps, for the details of your robbery—let them be good supers. But by this time, if you have the natural aptitude for the profession, you will find, to your great surprise, that you have en- listed a little band of helpers on whom at first you did not perhaps reckon. Your characters will now be living in your brain and working independently. They will be making by themselves a hundred combina- : tions and conversations. They will be pro- viding you with incidents; they will be with you always; they will complete for © you, without any further effort on your part, the first rough draft; they will fill in the details. Nobody who has not experi- enced this spontaneous working of the brain can quite understand how much is done in this way by the characters themselves. The reason I take to be this, that the moment they become to their creator alive—men and women—certain things become impos- sible and certain things become necessary. They become subject to fate. They have to meet the fortune that the gods have in store for them. | In this illustration of how a story may be constructed from the simple central idea I have ventured to take Mr. James Payn’s

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146 ‘** Confidential Agent” as a model. It must not be supposed that this practised artist— this Royal Academician—goes through all these stages of consideration. Not’so; his brain, when it has once resolved upon the central idea, instinctively seizes on the necessities of the situation and the dramatic possibilities. But the beginner will do well .to study the slower and more certain methods above indicated. Let her take other novels and subject them to a similar analysis, first finding the central idea, and then considering how the story has been evolved, filled with characters, provided with incidents, treated dramatically, and, above all, made interesting and exciting. Lastly, we come to the most important thing of all—the telling of the story. And first it has got to be begun. It is not absolutely necessary that the reader should be seized at the very outset with the grip of the story. Some of the very best novels in the language begin very quietly. Yet a young writer will do well to begin, if possible, with dramatic force—to indicate, at the outset, something of what is to follow. For instance, the French writers of the Gaboriau school always begin with the crime which is afterwards to be ‘detected. Strike a strong note. The pianist when he sits down to play looks round first to command attention, and then brings his hand down with a strong cord, which makes his hearers jump, and startles them into silence. Let your opening chapter be one of strength, incident, animation and promise. Reserve explanations. As regards these, indeed, remember that though it may be necessary for you yourself to know all about your heroine—the history of her early childhood, her favorite puddings, and even her relations with the dentist—your readers want to know little more than that she lived and moved in certain circles, and was a dear sweet creature, beloved by all. The kind of writing which opens a story in most young ladies’ manuscripts is the following: ‘* Maria Linda had been the daughter of THE QUERIES MAGAZINE. a gallant officer who had fallen while gal- lantly leading his company on the fatal slopes of Tel-el-Kebir. She had been brought up in the stately home of her aged grandmother, to whom she was passionately attached. She had deeply mourned the loss of her parents, for her mother quickly drooped and sank on hearing that her lover- husband was no more. The orphan girl had run wild in the park; she had teased the lives of her governess; she had romped with the dogs, and she had ridden the ponies; she had run about unreproved and alone in the village, and among her grand- father’s tenants—the darling and pride of all. She had an education,” etc. To avoid dropping into this style, I would recommend a rigid abstinence from the pluperfect. Explanations there must be, but they may often be conveyed bit by bit, with a little dialogue, with a line here and a para- graph there, so as to inform the reader of anything necessary. As to dialogue, remember that your char- acters should reveal themselves in dialogue as much as in action. They must speak as they think, each after his own manner. It is true that in real life most people seem to speak with the same forms and fashions and formule; make the same little jokes and employ the same little metaphors; going on with these without the least sense of weari- ness till the stage, or the novel, or a comic paper supplies them witha newset. You must therefore in dialogue, as I have already said, exaggerate. Your talk must be crisp—it must never drag, and above all it must not be too long. There is one novelist, whom I will not name, who thinks that his (or her) conversations cannot be too long and cannot be too trifling. It is true that he (or she) has arrived at popularity; but do not immitate him (or her). At every stage of the work compare your novel with a picture or with a play. If with a picture, then look out for faults of drawing for bad grouping, for false effects of light. If with a play, consider that the

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THE QUERIES MAGAZINE. dialogue must always belong to the action; no action, or little, without dialogue. What is called ‘‘business’’ on the stage—that is action apart from dialogue—must be done in the novel by description. Therefore, make your descriptions short, effective, and animated. : Animated—always be animated. Anima- tion does not mean a great number of" inci- dents; many very: beautiful novels have very little incident. It means rather that way of telling a story which shows that you are yourself deeply interested in it; that you feel no fatigue or weariness with your task; that you love your creations at every step more and more; that no one is more truly sorry when the story is told than you yourself. My dear young lady, the root of the whole matter lies in this. If you are your- self truly, genuinely, deeply interested in your characters; if while you are at work upon them their story becomes your own; if when you think of them or write of them your eyes become dim with tears and your voice chokes, or you break into laughter and smiles; if they have a hun- dred adventures which you do not set down—then, indeed, I think you will not be able to tell other people about them without moving their hearts as well and carrying them along with you. But you will do this all the more readily if you have first studied the rules of the art which you wish to practice. If the critics would also bear them in mind, many a word in season might be uttered in the reviews. © There are many other points on which one would like to dwell. But these must suffice. I hope that I have succeeded in making those readers of ‘‘Atlanta’’ who have literary ambition understand that they will do wisely to begin in fiction as they would begin in painting, by preliminary study; and 1 hope that the few hints and the elementary rules which I have here laid down may prove of use in preventing the dreadful waste of energy and material with which the novelist too often begins. 147 I warned the writer at the outset against paying for the production of her work. Let me again assure her, most seriously, that there are in London honorable houses of publishers and conscientious editors who are always looking and longing to find good authors. If her work is good, they will publish it for her: perhaps they will not buy it, but make the results depend upon its success—a method which cannot be too widely adopted. If they all with one consent refuse her work, let her re- main satisfied with their decision. At the Society of Authors she may be directed where to go, and she may be pro- tected from the sharks who try to lure her on, by holding out false hopes of profit, into paying for the production of a work which has not, and cannot have the slight- est chance of success. Never, never, never pay for the production of a novel. It is impossible to put this too strongly. Out of all the novels (so-called) which are pub- lished every year, the vast majority are paid for, because they, are too bad for houses which respect their name to pro- duce. Do not join this band. Do not be persuaded to believe that there is the least likelihood of getting on in this way. Rather go on working year after year en- during disappointment. For if you fall into temptation rest assured that you have a worse disappointment before you. Never, never, never pay for the publication of a novel. Lastly, there is one thing which you who wish to write will please to bear in mind. A popular novelist has a very wide influence. The English language is spoken all ’round the world. The novelist’s influ- ence therefore extends all ’round the world. There is no longitude where the names of Dickens, Thackeray, Reade, Marryat George Eliot, Braddon, Wilkie Collins, James Payne, Black, Hardy, Blackmore, Rider Haggard, are not known and loved. It is avery glorious thing that you desire— to join this band. But since you would more willingly say great and noble and —

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148 wise things than small and mean things, since you would rather invent great and noble and wise characters than those which are small and mean, remember that the goodness and greatness of your characters will have to come out of your own brain, which must therefore be charged and con- stantly nourished with high and noble and generous thoughts. Andso, farewell. THE MODELS IN THE PATENT OFFICE. There are in the neighborhood of 200,000 models in the Patent Office at Washington, and had it not been for two destructive fires the number would be near a half million. In an isolated part of the building, in cases which but few visitors see, are the dental and surgical instruments that have been patented during the past three-quart- ers of acentury. The scalpel and the saw lie side by side with the other implements for the relief of suffering humanity, while by asort of incongruous juxtaposition the very next case contains—coffins. There are coffins and coffins, and there is a sug- gestion about some of them that incline one to mirth even in their melancholy presence. In 1868 a New Jersey man, fearing prob- ably he would be buried alive, constructed and had patented one of the most wonderful caskets that ever graced the Patent Office. It is certain it never graced any cemetery, modern or ancient. It is constructed like an ordinary casket, and after the deceased has been placed in the grave a towerlike apparatus with air tubes reaching to the head of the coffin is placed over it. The top of the coffiin, instead of being screwed down, operates by springs on the inside. When a person has been buried alive and recovers consciousness—if he has been buried in one of these caskets—he pushes off the cover, climbs into the tower and as- cends a ladder, which is placed therein, to the surface. | There are any number of ballot boxes in the hall—so many in fact as to lead one to THE QUERIES MAGAZINE. the conclusion that the Government could furnish one for every polling place in the country, and still have a large surplus re- maining. The jewelry cases are noted for one thing —there is a total absence of gold in the models. Whether this was because the in- ventors had but little faith in the honesty of the Patent Office officials, or themselves possessed but little of the precious metal to waste in making models, isa mooted question. Among the many inventions of woman’s apparel is an old pair of corsets, patented in 1841. It is made of sheet brass and leather, and if some of the dress reformers of the present day could see it they would forego their crusade against the modern corset. It resembles a set of harness, and as an instrument of torture would compare favorably with some of the choicest produc- tions of the Spanish Inquisition. Fifty years ago the people in many sec- tions of the country used pine knots instead of candles, and some Connecticut genius secured a patent for a device for holding them not unlike the more modern candle- stick. The oldest model in the office is a cloth shearing machine on which a patent was granted October 20, 1792, to 5S. G. Dorr, of Albany, N. Y. The workmanship is ex- cellent, and the model shows no sign of age. This may be, however, because it has undergone the same renovating process as the model of the cotton gin invented by Eli Whitney in 1794, which was destroyed by the fire of 1877, and a duplicate was built from the original drawings. Occupying a prominent position in a case in the center cf the aisle is the model of a boat for lifting vessels over shoals. It was patented to Abraham Lincoln in 1849, when the future President thought to make a reputation as an inventor rather than a statesman. Lincoln is the only President who ever secured a patent. | In the cases containing firearms are any number of curiously constructed weapons that look as if they would be more danger-

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THE QUERIES MAGAZINE. ous to the possessor who attempts to use them than to his would-be victim. The first revolver, patented by Col. Colt in 1837, bears some resemblance to the present pat- tern, except the barrel is a great deal longer. 3h The model of the gun patented to ex- Senator Burnside in 1850. attracts. con- siderable attention because of the trouble it caused between the future Rode Island Senator and Jefferson Davis. Davis subse- quently ‘became Secretary of War, and Burnside endeavored to have the Govern- ment adopt his gun. Davis, however, re- fused to recommend its adoption, and after a long fight Burnside was compelled to give up. The first shoe was ‘patented in 1811 by two Massachusetts men. It is of undressed leather, and there is quite a difference be- tween the workmanship of that and the present machine-stitched shoe. So well was the work done, however, that it was im- possible to'tell whether it was pegged or sewed until some sacreligious clerk cut the sole and ascertained it was pegged. The hand that rocks the cradle and washes the soiled clothes has over 2,600 machines from which to. choose a suitable substitute for the muscle-fatiguing methods of fifty years ago. Ironing tables are also of frequent occurrence, and there is a ple- thora of household utensils. Nearly every visitor sees the first double- cylinder printing press invented by R. M. Hoe in 1842. It is a remarkable fine model. Howe's first sewing machine is a wonder- ful contrivance. It was run by hand by means of an oscillating crank, and bears no resemblance to the present improved ma- chine. Nearly every visitor sees the original elec- tric telegraph invented by Morse; the origi- nal Gatling gun, patented during the latter part of the war, and the new Hotchkiss; the first engine run over the Baltimore and Ohio Road, invented by Ross Winans in 1837, and looking more like a monitor on wheeis than a locomotive. viduals. 149 The rural mind has shown its desire to lighten the labor of the farmer, and not content with having churns turned by water power, dog power, and, in fact, anything but hand, devoted himself to producing a machine for milking cows. The invention did not meet with the favor its sanguine author thought, and so the innovation re- mains an example for future generations not to attempt to break down the barriers of a well-established custom. There are all sorts of armor, from the in- vention of tin pantaloons to the heaviest armored ironclad. The followers of Jules Verne’s romance, ‘‘Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea,” are also numer- ous, for there are any number of ingeniously constructed submarine vessels. The flying machine inventor is repre- sented. There are flying machines of all sorts, sizes and conditions. The last one to be patented was an elaborate arrange- ment of wings and tails, which the aerial traveler dons for his flight through space, and was patented March 5, last. There are 186 classes of inventions, which are divided into over 3,000 subdivisions. The number of models in the office on January 21, 1823, was 1,819. The fire of Christmas Day, 1836, destroyed about 7,000 models, and the big fire of September 24, 1877, destroyed 87,000 patented and 27,000 pending and rejected models. “BLUE LAWS” OF CONNEC- TICUT. The term ‘‘ Blue Laws” is applied to such as relate to the private consciences of indi- All countries formerly had such statutes, and the thirteen colonies were no exception before the Revolution. The code of Connecticut is often spoken of in this re- spect. Those most noted were of the col- ony of New Haven, which was united with the Connecticut colony in 1655. Hereisa full copy of the New Haven list, often called the ‘‘Connecticut Blue Laws:”’

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150 The governor and magistrates, convened in general assembly, are the supreme pow- er, under God, of this independent do- minion. Conspiracy against the dominion shall be punished with death. Whosoever says there is a power and juris- diction above and over this dominion, shall suffer death and the loss of his property. Whosoever attempts to change or over- turn this dominion shall suffer death. No one shall be a freeman, or give vote, -unless he be converted and a member in full communion of one of the churches allowed in this dominion. Each freeman shall swear by the blessed God to bear true allegiance to this dominion, and that Jesus is the only King. No Quaker or dissenter from the estab- lished worship of this dominion shall be al- lowed to give a vote for the election of mag- istrate or any officer. | No food or lodging shall be offered a Quaker, Adamite, or other heretic. If any person shall turn Quaker, he shall be banished and not suffered to return on pain of death. No Quaker priest shall abide in this do- minion; he shall be banished, and suffer death on return. Priests may be seized by any one without a warrant. No one shall run on the Sabbath day, or walk in his garden, or elsewhere, except rev- erently to and from meeting. _ No one shall travel, cook victuals, make beds, sweep house, cut hair or shave on the Sabbath day. No woman shall kiss her children on the Sabbath day or fast day. The Sabbath shall begih at sunset on Saturday. To pick an ear of corn growing on a neigh- bor’s garden shall be deemed theft. A person accused of trespass in the night shall be judged guilty until he clear him- self by his oath. No one shall buy or sell land without per- mission of the selectmen. THE QUERIES MAGAZINE. When it appears that an accused person has confederates, and refuses to discover them, he may be racked. A drunkard shall have a master appointed by the selectmen, who are to debar him the liberty of buying and selling. Whoever publishes a lie to the predjudice of his neighbor shall be put in the stocks, or receive ten stripes. | No minister shall keep a school. Men stealers shall suffer death. Whosoever wears clothes trimmed with gold, silver or bone lace above two shillings per yard, shall be presented by the grand jurors, and the selectmen shall tax the of- fender £300 on his estate. A debtor in prison, swearing he has no estate, shall be led out and sold, to make satisfaction. Whosoever brings cards or dice into this dominion shall pay a fine of. £5. No one shall read the common prayer book, keep christmas or set days, or play on any instrument except the drum or jew’s harp. No gospel minister shall join people in marriage. The magistrate only shall join them in marriage, as they do it with less scandal to Christ’s church. When parents refuse their children con- venient marriage, the magistrate shall deter- mine the point. The selectmen, on finding the children ignorant, may take them away from their _ parents, and put them in better hands at the expense of their parents. A man who strikes his wife shall pay a fine of £10. A woman who strikes her husband shall be punished as the court directs. | A wife shall be deemed good evidence against her husband. -No man shall court a maid in person or by letter, without first obtaining consent of her parents. Married persons must live together or be imprisoned in jail. Every male shall have his hair cut round, according to a cap.

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THE QUERIES MAGAZINE. FRIDAYS LUCKY EVENTS. A FEW HISTORICAL FACTS FOR THE CON- SIDERATION OF THE SUPERSTITIOUS. . Friday, February 22, 1732, George Washington was born. Friday, December 2, 1791, the Albany library was founded. Bismarck, Gladstone and Disraeli were born on Friday. Friday, March 25, 1609, the Hudson river was discovered. Friday, June 30, 1461, bled the French nobles. Friday, March 18, 1776, the stamp act was repealed in England. Friday, June 13, 1492, Columbus dis- covered the continent of America. Friday December 22, 1620, the Pilgrims made the final landing at Plymouth Rock. Friday, June 13, 1785, General Winfield Scott was born in Dinwiddle county, Vir- ginia. Friday, June 10, 1834, Spurgeon, the celebrated English preacher, was born. Friday, November 20,° 1721, the first Masonic ,lodge was oraganized in North America. Friday, September 22, 1780, Arnold’s treason was laid bare, which saved the United States. Thomas Sutton, whosaved England from the Spanish Armada, was born on Friday. Friday, January 12, 1433, Charles the Bold, of Burgundy, was born, the richest sovereign of Europe. Friday, November 28, 1814, newspaper ever printed by steam, London Zimes, was printed. Friday, October 19, 1781, the surrender of Yorktown, the crowning glory of the American Aewy, occurred. Friday, June 12, 1802, Alexander Von Humboldt, in climbing Chimborazo, reach- ed an altitude of 19,200 feet. Friday, September. 7, 1565, Melendez founded St. Augustine, the oldest town in the United States by more than forty years. Louis XI hum- the first the I51 Friday, April 8, 1646, the first known newspaper advertisement was published in the Jmperial Intelligencer, in England. Friday, May 14, 1586, Gabriel Fahren- heit, usually regarded as the inventor of the common mercurial thermometer, was born. Friday, October 7, 1777, the surrender of Saratoga was made, which had such power and infiuence in inducing France to declare for our cause. | Friday, March 5, 1496, Henry VIII, of England, gave to John Cabot his commis- sion which led to the discovery. of North America. This is the first American state paper in England. Friday, November 10, 1620, the May flower, with the Pilgrims, made the harbor of Princetown, and the same day they sign- ed that august compact, the forerunner of out present constitution. Friday, July, 7 1776, the motion was -made in congress by John Adams, and sec- onded by Richard Henry Lee, that the United States colonies were and of right ought to be free and independent. Friday, March 20, 1738, Pope Clement XII promulgated his bill of excommunica- tion against the Freemasons. Ever since the allocution excommunicating indiscrim- inately all Freemasons, the Order has re- ceived animmense forward impetus in Italy, France and Spain. Friday, July 1, 1825, General hatdeeiee was welcomed to Boston and feasted by the Freemasons and citizens, and attended at the laying of the corner stone of the Bunker Hill Monument, erected to perpetuate the remembrance of the defenders of the rights and liberties of America. MISLEADING REPRINTS. We have before us a circular issued by an enterprising house of what professes to be the ‘‘ Original Webster’s Unabridged Dic- tionary.’”’ We have also seen the thing itself. To call it a book would bea libel on every book manufacturer. It is not printed from type, but reproduced by some photo-

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152 graphic method; it is not printed on paper, but on some material inferior to wood pulp; it is bound in a marbled cover of some hideous stuff, and it gapes at the edges as if it were going to burst. It is the most dis- creditable-looking volume ever offered for sale to an inoffensive public. It is a book which no one would buy for its external appearance. The contents of this precious volume con- sist of Webster’s Dictionary of 1847; that is, it is fully forty-two years behind the time. The etymologies are utterly misleading, and naturally so; for when the Webster of 1847 was issued, Comparative Philology was in its cradle. The definitions are imperfect, requiring condensation, re-arrangement and additions. The vocabulary is defective, some of the commonest words of to-day, especially scientific terms, for which a dic- tionary is most often consulted, being entirely absent. In not one of these three prime requisites of a dictionary is the Web- ster reprint a trustworthy guide, or, rather, it is a misleading one. While the orthography and pronunciation of 1847 have not undergone such changes as the departments mentioned, they have in many respects been changed, and therefore here, too, the ‘‘reprint” is not a safe instructor. All these things are known to every intelligent man. But this ‘‘reprint”’ is not intended for in- telligent men. It is made_ expressly to be foisted by all the arts of the book canvasser on those who have been precluded from a knowledge of what developments lexicography has undergone during the last forty-two years. This is the cruelest feature of this money-making enterprise. The only persons who can be expected to touch the book are persons of small means, who have the most praise- worthy ambition to improve their minds, their style, or their language. For this they are willing to make great sacrifices, and a common regard for decency ought to prevent any firm calling itself respectable from palm- ing off on them all kinds of misinformation. THE QUERIES MAGAZINE. As regards the law of the case, no person can use a title which is a mere colorable imitation of another for the purpose of mis- leading the public into buying one publica- tion with the Velief that it is the other. Is not the title, ‘‘The Original Webster’s Unabridged Dictionary,” or the reprint, intended to mislead? There are, we understand, four of these ‘‘reprints’’ on the market, and we may, therefore, expect that they will all lose money.—American Bookseller. TURKISH PROVERBS. TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH, AND PRINTED AT THE ARMENIAN MONASTERY OF SAN LAZARO, AT VENICE. (It was at this Monastery that Lord Byron re- sided for some time, engaged in the study of the » Oriental languages.) He that falls in the sea takes hold of the serpent to be saved. Long hair, little brain. He that speaks truth, must have one leg in the stirrup. Strong vinegar ruins the vessel in which it is contained. . The nest of a blind bird is made by God. Kiss ardently the hands which you can- not cut off. The teeth of a horse of which a present has been made are not observed. He that falls by himself never cries. Every fish that escapes appears greater than it really is. He that gives little, gives heartily. Poverty is a shirt of fire. The dog that is idle is never tired of run- ning. 7 If time is not favorable to thee, rende thyself favorable to it. The candle does not give light to itself. The bird feels not its wing heavy. Measure a thousand times, and cut once. He that begins the play must continue it. He that eats does not know, but he that cuts knows how much is consumed.

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THE QUERIES MAGAZINE. A cucumber being given to a poor man, he did not accept it because it was crooked. If you have money, you are wise; if you have none, you are a fool. A letter written after dinner, is read in hell. The fox goes at the last to the shop of the furrier. , The camel went in search of horns and — lost his ears. ; : He who asks has one black face, and he who refuses has two. Buy the respect of the insolent. God keep us from judge and doctor. After the conflagration remain ruins. The replenished understand not the pain of the starving. : Broth made of cheap meat is insipid. Nourish the raven that will pick out thine eyes. 3 MISTRANSLATIONS. Of the curious, and sometimes amusing, errors that are to be found in transla- tions, a long list might be made. It is well known that Voltaire, in his version of Shakspere, perpetrated several egregious blunders; but even in our own time, some of his countrymen, in some instances, have scarcely been more happy in their attempts — to translate the great dramatist’s works. Jules Janin, the eminent critic, rendered that part of Macbeth’s speech in which he exclaims: ‘‘ Out, out, brief candle!” in these words, ‘‘ Sortez, chandelle!’”’ Another _ French writer has committed an equally ‘strange mistake. Northumberland, in ‘‘Hen- ry IV.,” says: Even such a man, so faint, so spiritless, So dull, so dead in look, so woe degone. The translator’s version of the words itali- cized is ‘‘Ainsi, douleur! va-t’en!”—‘‘Thus, grief, go away with you!” That, in many cases, it is difficult to ade- quately reproduce the text of Shakspere, and indeed that of many other poets, in a foreign language must be admitted, although the Germans have frequently been remark- ably happy in their attempts in this direction. But under any circumstances such gross 153 blunders as those above cited are almost unpardonable. Ona par with these is the rendering of Cibber’s comedy of ‘‘ Love's Last Shift” as ‘‘La Derniére Chemise de l’Amour’’—translating the title of Congreve’s tragedy, ‘‘The Mourning Bride,’’ by the phrase ‘‘ L’Epouse du Matin;” and in call- ing Sir Walter Scott’s novel, ‘‘ The Bride of Lammermuir,” ‘‘ La Bride de Lammermuir”’ —‘‘ The Bridle of Lammermuir.”’ Miss Cooper, a daughter of the novelist, James Fenimore Cooper, states that, when in Paris, she saw a French translation of her father’s tale, ‘‘ The Spy,’ in which there were several mistakes, but one of them was such that it was almost increditable that anyone could possibly have been guilty of it. The residence of Mr. Wharton, one of the characters who figure in the story, is spoken of by the author as the ‘‘ The Locusts.” Now, the translator had been evidently ignorant of the circumstance of there being any species of trees bearing this name. Having, therefore, looked out the word in his dictionary, and finding the definition to be given as ‘‘ Les Sauterelles,”’ grasshoppers; thus he rendered it in the text. Presently, however, he came across a paragraph in the novel in which it was stated that a visitor to the house of Mr. Wharton had tied his horse to a locust. Then it might be naturally supposed that the translator would at once have discovered his error. Not a bit of it ! His reason- ing would appear to have been somewhat ona parity with that of a celebrated coun- tryman of his, when he declared that ‘‘if the facts do not agree with the theory so much the worse for the facts.’’ Neverthe- less, the writer seems to have been conscious that some explanation was due of so extra- ordinary a statement as that a horseman had secured his steed to a grasshopper. So he went on to gravely inform his readers that in America these insects grow to an enor- mous size, and that in this case, one of these —dead and stuffed—had been stationed at the door of the mansion for the convenience of visitors on horseback !

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THE QUERIES MAGAZINE. SANS SOUCI. A SHEAF OF ORIGINAL POEMS. IN FUTURO. High and higher roars the blast Like a hurricane ; Skies, with gray cloud overpast And detached as though aghast, Rear again huge scud amassed— Night begins to wane. Sits the great town in the glade Where few years agone, Clearings sparse their marshes laid; Mills are grinding whither strayed Dusky warrior, dusky maid, Forest bred and born. Hustling, thundering, rolling forth, Clanging on and on, Thrift is treading south and north, Greed is thriving, nothing loth, Where the black coal weaves the cloth— Day begins to dawn. Twice ten thousand chimneys pour An unfragrant gas; O’er the hills the white frosts lower, Sentinels they ‘re at the door, Fret work frost-gemmed o’er and o’er Paints the window glass. Shivering, ill-fed, where but dim Sunlight daily slants, Are the humble folks of Tim. Toil is daily bread for him. Strong of will and strong of limb, Reaps he not nor plants, Twining mildly round his knee, Rather pinched with cold, Counts he little faces three. Stern the physiogomy Of the good wife plain and free— Does Tim hear her scold ? ‘* House afire but yesterday With that worthless glass ! Now, we'll freeze to death to-day— Come my good man, cease such play!” Says Tim, ‘‘ I'll refract the ray Where the beams amass.” Wise is Tim and strong of brain; Looks he at the sun, Thinking hard with might and main; Then the good-wife numb with pain Tilts the dazzling glassy plane— Slow the white heats run! Quick as thought her eager hand Seizing tubes and stays, Fits them swiftly where they stand, All adverse to Tim’s command— Lo! as hot as burning brand Are the molten rays. Through the tubes the heat infused, Warms the frosty air; Summer balm seems gently loosed, Dance the little feet abused, Tim, of slothful play accused, Leaps from off his chair: ‘‘Ha! ha! ho! ho! ho!” he cries, ‘¢ Through a woman’s wit, Though man’s thoughts be deepand wise, With the sunshine from the skies, Shall be baked our cakes and pies— Here, wife, see to it!”’ In the great town, fast and free, Toil and knowledge both High plenipotentiary, Heaving, restless, like the sea, Opening science with its key, Builds and spreads its growth. Keen as blades sweeps down the blast; Outside sentinel White-frost gathers thick and fast; Where the heavens with bricks contrast, Only refuse heat is cast Where the foul gas fell. Each sun-furnace at the door, Stretching inward veins, Shuts within a surplus store ’Gainst the time when dark clouds lower, And space, whether less or more, Summer warmth obtains. Potentate of wealth—and wise— Tim cares not a bit, ‘‘Ha! ha! ho! ho! ho!” he cries, ‘« With the sunshine from the skies Do we bake our cakes and pies Through a woman’s wit.” HELEN MARR HurpD. Feb. Ist, 1890.

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“THE QUERIES THY PRAISE, O, ’tis a joy to sing thy praise; It bids the clouds of darkness flee, And lets the sun again on me Shine as in other, brighter days. It lifts me out of shadows drear, Despair and ennui somber, sad; It brings again the joys I had, The echoes of that past time dear. _ Sweet name, than other names more sweet, _ Like some rare blossom set apart Your music fills my longing heart As flowers exhale a fragrance fleet. MINNIE C, BALLARD. Troy, Pa. CLAIR DE LUNE. He placed a ring on her finger white And he kissed her face so fair. The roses swooned with love that night But the lilies were all at prayer. And the moon was weeping tears like rain, For her lover, the sun, was gone. She had clung to the hem of his crimson train; Ah! she was his widowed one. But the maiden, ere she fell asleep, Penned the sweetest of all sweet lines To a sailor afloat on the far blue deep Where a coral island shines. And the moon, when she’d flung her golden crown Over the dancing stars, Nestled her soft pink shoulders down On the manly breast of Mars. | KiL COURTLAND. CONTRA ST. The rain-cloud came from the purple west, And decked the corn with many a gem; But the wind-tosssed rose from its broken stem Hung its head by the sparrow’s nest. The farmer whistled a merry air, As he swung his scythe in the early morn; But the sparrow sat on the fallen corn, By her shattered nest in the sunrise fair, The Shepherd came to the desert wide, For his stricken lamb by the lonely way; — But a mother knelt at the close of day With her grief by the bean ac cradle side. HATTIE HORNER. Et DorRApo, So ceas: MAGAZINE. 155 A SUMMER'S SONG. Farewell, farewell, ye winter days of snow, To frost and cold, farewell. In yonder eastern sky hath dawned the glow Of summer’s warmer spell. Spring forth, ye flowers, to greet her glad return! Bud! oh, you maple-lane! ; Sing every bird, your sweetest matins learn For sunshine reigns again. . We feel it in the violet-laden air, We breathe it with the flowers, We gather daffodils and maiden-hair To crown the golden hours. Thus dawneth joy upon my inmost heart, And winter dares not stay; Thus love and spring bid doubt and cold depart, - And melt the snow away. The land is full of sun—and so my breast With rapture beats anew; We linger not—such gladness needs no rest, Such laughter brings no rue. And so the summer’s come again, yet ah! How short its stay,—how sweet; But then oh! heart, thy joy is greater far, Thy song is more complete. . EpITH VERNON MANN. FLUSHING, Long Island. QUAINT AND CURIOUS. THE POLYCHROMOTELEPANTOPHOTO- PHONOGRAPH. A long-haired scientific crank once lived on Rus- sian Hill; The march of science failed to march with his ambitious will— And his very last invention which acekaoish his fame by half, Was the Polychromotelepantophotophonograph ! This instrument so wonderful was. fitted by de- grees With a sounding-board, a diaphram, and many rows of keys, Besides electric wires and complete harmonic staff— As a Polychromotelepantophotophonograph ! The professor called upon me, and in manner shrewd and keen Explained the salient feature of his intricate ma- chine;

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156 He seemed so much in earnest that I did not dare to laugh At his Polychromotelepantophotophonograph ! A large array of instruments was here in one combined In a mode more readily assumed than rigidly de- fined; Hard itis to sift the golden grain of Science from the chaff, E’en in Polychromotelepantophotophonograph ! While the tele did the ‘‘ distance,’ gave the “‘ light.” The chromo added ‘‘ coloring,” and graph supplied the ‘‘ write’; Panto was the ‘‘ Universal”—there was nothing done by half-— On the Polychromotelepantophotophonograph ! ’ and the photo ” Poly ‘stood of course for ‘‘many,” as in many languages The subject matter travelled to its goal beyond the seas, And, lastly, phono ‘‘sound” produced, when needed, in behalf Of the Polychromotelepantophotophonograph ! We set to work next morning, then, to test the new machine, Having first secured connection with ‘the cable submarine, And we studied Western Europe from the Tiber to the Taff Through the graph. Polychromotelepantophotophono- We read the very last quotations from the Paris Bourse, We heard the infant King of Spain a-screaming at his nurse, And next a weighty Reichstag speech by a portly Prussian Graf, Via Polychromotelepantophotophonograph. These several experiments went off without a hitch And appeared as collored pictures through the photo-chromo switch; So then we got the whiskey out, and a rousing health did quaff To the Polychromotelepantophotophonograph. To a local lecture room we went, transmission to begin And polygraphed to Paris, Pekin, An eloquent description of an Aztec cenotaph On the Polychromotelepantophotophonograph. Pesth, Pultowa and THE QUERIES MAGAZINE. Within a dime museum we exposed the diaphragm And photochromed to Smyrna and to Seringapatam A vivid living likeness of the double-headed calf, Per Polychromotelepantophotophonograph. We judged the time had now arrived to put the crucial test, So signalled London, Paris, Bucharest. We turned on all the switches and the full har- monic staff On the Polychromotelepantophotophonograph. Rome, Berlin and We opened in the sand lot on a Sunday afternoon, While O'Donnell howled and ranted like a disso- lute typhoon, Intending there to focus him and his following of riff-raff With the Polychromotelepantophotophonograph. We had photochromed the lepers, with a dozen new effects, And were running fifteen languages and eighty dialects, When I felt a kind of earthquake—in another moment—Paff!! ! Went — the Polychromotelepantophotophono- While I exposed the diaphragm, professor turned the crank Till the labor made him thirsty, so ne loosened his grip and drank A draught of soda sour from his innocent carraffe, Smashing Polychromotelepantophotophonograph ! The ‘‘Doctor’s” flow of language strained the heated cogs too much While simultaneously engaged on Russian and Low Dutch, ° So the old Professor’s soldiering a second and a half Killed his Polychromotelepantophotophonograph ! When I helped the shattered scientist to get up from the ground He presented an appearance that is very seldom found— He was polychromed all over, giraffe, By his Polychromotelepantophotophonograph ! like an erudite You ask me, gentle reader, what became of the machine? I can answer you with certainty twill never more be seen; The scientific outfit went a-kitting over Kaf — The Polychromotelepantophotophonograph !! !

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THE QUERIES MAGAZINE. MULTUM IN PARVO. The Princess of Wales was offered recently five thousand dollars by an American maga- zine for onehundred words.—San Francisco _ Argonaut. First be a princess, then an au- thor—it pays better to begin that way. Let our lady readers keep this in mind. Among the latin puns of the famous Dean Swift is the following, which by allowing for false spelling, and running the words into each other makes good sense in English: ‘Mollis abuti, Moll is a beauty, Has an acuti, Has an acute eye, No lasso finis, No lass so fine is, Molli divinis, Molly divine is, Omi de armis tres, O, my dear mistress. Imi na dis tres, I’m in distress, Cantu disco ver, Can’t you discover, Meas alo ver? Me as a lover? The MS. of the Laureate’s first book, the ‘* Poems of Two Brothers,” written by him and: Charles Tennyson, has been carefully preserved, and is estimated to be worth $5,000. Alfred and Charles Tennyson received $100 for it. Some of the pages, says Mr. Walters, who: saw it lately, are ‘*backed,’’ and others disfigured by rude schoolboy sketches; there are many clumsy erasures, and a few of the verses are written crosswise and downward. ‘The printer’s directions are written in red ink. Someday, of course, it will be put up for sale, and doubtless will fetch a big price. The articles which will attract most at- tention in the April number of the New England AZagazine are those on Amelia B. Edwards and ‘‘ Egypt at Home,” the for- mer by Mrs. Sallie Joy White, the latter by Dr. W. C. Winslow, our foremost American Egyptologist. Dr. Winslow’s article is a history and descripcion of the Egyptian col- lection in the Boston Art Museum, the most important Egyptian collection by far in this country, and is richly illustrated. It is 157 peculiarly opportune, coming just when Miss Edwards has stirred up so much inter- est'in Egyptian studies, and just as the Bos- ton Museum, after its great enlargement enrichment, is re-opened. Mrs. White’s delightful paper is accompanied by a full- page portrait of Miss Edwards froma recent photograph by Sarony, much the finest por- trait which has yet been published, and also by interesting fac-similes from Miss Kd- ward's letters. Personal statistics point out the fact that hard brainwork and unremitting intellectual labor do not necessarily abbreviate life. If we take poets, we find that Rogers lived to be 93; Sophocles, 90; Calderon, 87; Juvenal, 86; Anacreon, 85; Voltaire, 84; Metastasio, 84; Euripides, 78; Goethe, 83; Klopstock, 79; Wieland, 86; Lamartine, 78; Beranger, 77, and Victor Hugo, 83. If we turn to philosophers and men of science, we find among our contemporaries M. Chevreul, the French philosopher and chemist, who, on the evening of his tooth birthday, occupied the President’s box at thé opera; and if we look into the past, we find the names of Fontenelle, who died at 100; Hoyle (wrote the treatise on whist), at 98; Hobbes, at 92; Morgagni, at- 89; Ried, at 86; Dr. Heberden, at go; Sir T. Watson, at go (?); Sir William Lawrence, at 84; Rover Collard, at 82; William Harvet, at 80; Schelling, at 79; Cousin, at 76, and greatest ofall, Plato, at 82. , A late number of the Albany Argus con- tains the following: Half a dozen mem- bers of the Press Club were discussing the peculiarities of the English language the other evening, when Dr. F. E. Rice—who, by the way, is a bad man to run up against in the discussion of almost any subject— took the Argus to task for printing a para- graph which read about as follows: ‘‘ The - following is said to be about the shortest sentence in the English language containing all the letters of the alphabet: ‘John P. ~ Brady gave mea black-walnut box of quite

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158 small size.’ The entire sentence contains less than twice the number of letters in the alphabet.”’ ‘‘That’sa good sentence of its kind,’’ saidthe Doctor, ‘‘ but I think if you will carefully study the sentence ‘ Pack my box with five dozen liquor jugs,’ you will find that it contains less letters than the sentence you published, and yet omits no letter in the alphabet.” It will beseen that the sentence of the Doctor’s construction contains fifteen letters less than the former, and also has but six superfluous letters. The April Forum contains a timely articl by the late F. A. P. Barnnard on the need of education in citizenship. ‘‘Hitherto,”’ says the writer, ‘‘ our institutions of learning have neglected almost wholly to instruct the young men in the principles of the govern- ment, and in the duties which are to devolve on them as citizens. They are taught a great deal about the properties of matter, but very little about the passions of men; much about the perturbations of the planets, but very little about the interactions of par- ties; much about the constitution of the solar system, but very little about the Con- stitution of the United States; much about the laws of the universe, but very little about the laws of the land; much about universal gravitation, but very little about universal suffrage; much about the Grecian democrats and the Roman republic, but next to nothing about the Republic to which they themselves belong. Indeed, so far is the teaching of our colleges at present from being suited to prepare young men for the proper discharge of what, under our Constitution, is really the most zmportant duty before them in life, that it almost seems to have been purposely planned to evade that object. The Japanese use paper at every instant. The string with which the articles you buy are fastened, is made of paper. Do you want a piece of string? paper, roll it between the fingers; it requires a strong wrist to break it. The hand- kerchief thrown away after use is paper! Tear a_ sheet of ° THE QUERIES MAGAZINE, The partitions dividing the houses paper! The pane through which an indiscreet eye looks at you is paper! The pane is truly wanting in transparency, or not at all trans- parent, and the Japanese, especially the ladies, who are just as curious as they are in other countries, are none the less em- barrassed to see, without troubling them- selves, what is taking place outside. The method is very simple—one finger is passed through the paper, that is all! When one has had a good look, a small piece is stuck on this opening with a grain of rice The yakounine hat passing is paper; the porter’s cloak, who carries his burden, singing a cadence, through the rain, the garment of the boatman who conducts you on board, the tobacco pouch, cigar case—all are paper. Those elegant flowers ornamenting the beautiful hair of the Japanese ladies, and those robe collars which are taken for crape—paper. Even Charles Dickens experienced the agonies of composition, for it is said that when he intended to write a Christmas story, he shut himself up for six weeks, living like a hermit, and came out looking as haggard as a murderer. Balzac, after he had thought out thoroughly one of his philosophical ro- mances, and amassed his materials in a most laborious manner, retired to his study, and from that time until his book went to press, society saw him no more. When he ap- peared again among his friends, he looked, © said his publisher, in the popular phrase, like his own ghost. The manuscript was afterwards altered and copied, when it passed into the hands of the printer, from. whose slips the book was re-written for the third time. Again it went into the hands of the printer—two, three, and sometimes four separate proofs being required before the author’s leave could be got to send the per- petually re-written book to press, and to have done with it. He was literally the terror of all printers and editors. Tennyson is re- ported to have written ‘‘ Come into the gar- den, Maud,” more than fifty times over

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THE QUERIES MAGAZINE. before it pleased him; and ‘‘ Locksley Hall,’’the first draft of which was written in two days, he spent the better part of six weeks, for eight hours a day, in altering and polishing. — Answers. Now that William D. Howells has shaken off Gotham’s dust and become once more a resident of the Hub, he is devoting himself with increased zeal to the study of those phrases of Boston life that he so cleverly de- picted in ‘‘ A Modern Distance” and ‘‘ The Minister’s Charge.”” One of his favorite haunts, says a Boston letter to the New York Heradd is a certain dirty little Italian restaurant set down amid the squalor of his- toric North Street. Howells and Edward Bellamy, who have become great cronies, quite frequently resort in each other’s com- pany to this classic establishment, where, if they find grime and poverty, they also, so tis said, find ideas and delicious spaghetti. Edward Everett Hale has, for a number of years, had a similar habit of visiting and dining at the lower grade of cheap restau- rants, though his purpose is rather philan- thropic than novelistic. The superintend- ant of the Wayfarer’s Lodge, on Chardon Street, Boston, once told me, by the way, that Mr. Howells spent twenty-four con- secutive hours in that institution, several months previous to the publication of ‘‘ The Minister’s Charge.”’ It was in that tramps’ lodging-house, it will be remembered, that Lemuel Barker formed his unfortunate ac- quaintance with ‘‘the bum.” Diogenes, the cynic-philosopher, was re- markable for his quick perceptions and rather ironical wit. Several of his repartees have passed into history. Alexander the Great, passing through Corinth, had the curiosity to go to see the philosopher, who was there at the time. He found him seated in a covered tub, with the open part turned towards the sun (this tub of Diogenes was something like the circular seats, turning upon a-pivot, and placed in gardens belong- ing to old-fashioned country houses). ‘‘I 159 am King Alexander of Macédon,” said he to the famous cynic. sig ‘*And I am the dog Diogenes,” replied the philosopher. : ‘*T am a good man,”’ said Alexander. ‘* Well, I have no reason to fear the good,”’ returned Diogenes. Alexander greatly admired the sublety of his mind and the free manner in which he spoke. After a conversation of some length, he said tohim: ‘‘Isee, Diogenes, that you are in want of many things; I shall be very glad to give you my assistance. Ask of me whatever you please.’’ ‘*Remove, then, from between me and the sun,” was the request of the sage, ‘‘and do not take from me what you cannot give me. Who is the richer. man,” continued Diogenes, ‘‘ he who is contented with his cloak and his wallet, or he who, having an extensive kingdom, is not satisfied, and who every day exposes himself to a thousand dangers to extend its limits?” The reply pleased the king so much that he said to his courtiers: ‘* Were I not Alexander I would be Diogenes.” POPULAR SCIENCE. M. Maisonhaute, says the Bulletin International de l’ Electricité, having noticed that the passage of a current of electricity through milk retarded the formation of cream, made a serious of experi- ments to see whether milk could be kept fresh in this manner. The result of these experiments is a patent for the preservation of milk by means of either static or current electricity. Grease spots, if old, may be removed from books by applying a solution of varying strength of caustic potash upon the back of the leaf. The printing, which looks somewhat faded after the removal of the spot, may be freshened up by the application of a mixture of one part of muriatic acid and 25 parts of water. In the case of fresh grease spots, carbonate of potash (one part to 30 parts of water), chloroform, ether or benzine renders good service. A canvas-back duck flies at an habitual rate of 80 miles per hour, which is increased in emerg- ency to 120, The mallard has a flight of 48 miles an hour; the black duck, pin-tail, widgeon, and wood duck cannot do much better, The blue-

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160 wing and green*wing teals can do 100 miles an hour, and take it easy. The red-head can fly all day at go miles per hour. The gadwall can do go miles. The flight of the wild goose is 100 miles per hour. A machine has recently been invented by Mr. Bain, of Chicago, Ill., which is of practical value to the leather dealers. The machine is an electric micrometer which can cut pieces of leather accord- ing to thickness, and distribute them in separate receptacles. It separates taps which vary in thick- ness as little as one-thousandth of an inch. It has a capacity of 5,000 taps per hour. Besides sorting the pieces of leather, the machine atuomatically records the number placed in each receptacle. Some experiments were recently made in Europe to ascertain the loss of light in passing through window glass of various kindsin general use. A’ simple translucent but not transparent glass showed a loss of twenty-seven per cent. of light. Cathedral glass, such as is used as a basis in stained glass work, being clear, but with a slight ground tint, showed a loss of twelve and two-thirds percent. Plain cathedral glass with a white tint showed the same loss, Plain, white Rhenish ‘‘double glass” and thin mirror glass obstructed ten per cent. of light. An average of five feet of water is estimated to fall annually over the whole earth, and, assuming that condensation takes place at an average height of 3,000 feet, scientists conclude that the force of evaporation to supply such rainfall must equal the lifting of 322,000,000 pounds of water 3,000 feet in every minute, or about three hundred billion horse-power constantly exerted. Of this prodigi- ous amount of energy thus created a very small proportion is transferred to the waters that run back through rivers to the sea, and a still smaller fraction is utilized by man; the remainder is dis_ sipated in space. According to the Deutsche Medizinal-Zeitung, Lichtwitz maintains that Edison’s phonograph fills the requirements for an acoumeter,. It is possible, he asserts, to arrange phonograms by means of which the hearing can be accurately measured. The operation of the apparatus is simple. The ear-piece is applied to the ear which is to be tested, and a phonogram which is audible to the patient is sounded. The acoumetric scale is then de- scended until a phonogram is reached which can- not be heard. This marks the limit of hearing for that ear. In this manner the scource of sound _remains always at the same distance from the ear, and only the intensity of the tone differs. Stones.”’ THE QUERIES MAGAZINE, REVIEWS OF NEW BOOKS. ‘*Practical Typewriting by the All-Finger Method,” by Bates Torrey, is the pioneer text book in the new era of writing by touch. Itisa thoroughly practical treatise on the subject, and anyone who wishes to become a master of type- writing can not afford to be without it. The exer- cises appended to the text are examplesof skill, and will be admired by all who see them. New York: Fowler & Wells Co. $1.00, post paid. ‘* Practical Questious in United States History,” topically arranged for school use, contains more than 2,000 questions, and is a very useful book for both teacher and pupil. These questions have been prepared from notes made by the author and used by him in school work. There is also added a searching list of general questions, a list of ap- pellations of great men, and a table showing the origin of names and dates of admission of all the States. The book is bound in leatherette. Roch- ester: Educational Gazette Co. 4o cents. ‘‘Semitic Philosophy: Showing the Ultimate Social and Scientific Outcome of Original Christ- ianity in its Conflict with Surviving Ancient Heathenism,” by Philip C. Friese. Beginning with instinctive thought, its etherealization by means of language, the author treats of the social contract between God and man, the meaning of the formula ‘‘Kingdom of God” as promulgated in the days of the Patriarchs, applying its princi- ples to the subject of a general social reformation, He touches upon such questions as the relation of church and state and church and school, the puri- fication of politics, the labor question, and the var- ious phases of the race problem. Chicago: S, C Griggs & Co. $1.00. ‘*The Calvary Pulpit; Christ and Him Cruci- fied,” a volume of sermons by the Rev. R. S. Mac- Arthur of the Cavalry Baptist church, New York, has just been issued in a 12mo volume of 294 pages., This book will be welcomed by Christians of different denominations to whom its popular author is known. The sermons treat on practical themes, and are characterized by vigor of thought and elegance of style. Among the twenty-two subjects treated are the following: ‘‘Paul’s Deter- mination at Corinth”; ‘‘The Crude Cake’; ‘‘Obe- dience the Test of Love”; ‘‘The Seven Overcom- eths’; ‘‘Our Lord’s Mvsterious Sorrow”; ‘‘Char- ° acter and Destiny”; ‘‘Prerequisites to Success”; ‘‘Reasons for Public Worship”; and ‘‘Voiceful New York: Funk & Wagnalls. $1.00,

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THE QUERIES MAGAZINE. ‘Plant Organization; A Review of the Struct- ure and Morphology of Plants by the Written ‘Method,” by R. Halsted Ward, Professor of Botany in the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. This unique work is intended as a practical aid to be- ginners in acquiring insight into the structure, kinds and relations of the few simple members, which by their numerous and interesting varia- tions, make up our familiar plants. The work is simplified for private students, and is available for use with or without the employment of botanical technical terms. The book contains diagram- mic illustrations, blanks for descriptions, and ex- tra leaves for notes and sketches. The work is now in its second edition. Boston: Ginn & Co. 85 cents, post paid. ‘* The Princess of Montserrat,” by William Drys- dale, author of ‘“‘In Sunny Lands,” etc., is a tale of love and adventure in the West Indies, writ- ten in an unaffected, straightforward way that will interest the reader, be he old or young. The Prin- cess is a real child of the tropics, impulsive, gener- ous, lovable and loving; and the hero is a young American newspaper man, who carries with him through all his strange adventures the quick per- ception and readiness of action born of his call- ing. When afteracurious combination of circum- stances he finds himself ona lonely island with the Princess, he makes desperate efforts to avoid the lovesick nonsense of which he has a horror. In all his trials and dangers, his sagacity and courage carry him through nobly. His boy Joe is a faithful friend in difficulties. Mr. Drysdale, for ten years a resident of the West Indies, is thor- oughly acquainted with the countries and people he writes about. The lonely islands, the myste- rious schooners, the smugglers—ah, what a lay- out for the boys! Albany: Albany Book Co. Paper, 50 cents; cloth, $1.00. NEWS AND NOTES. —_——_—_—. Stepniak, the Russian author and revolutionist, is coming to America before long. Charlotte M. Yonge, the historical writer, is now engaged upon her one hundred and first book. Larenzo Griswold, a manufacturer, of Griswold- ville, Mass., is the author of the story ‘‘ Priest and Puritan,” published by Brentano. Jn the May number of the Vew Lngland Maga- sine, there will be a full page portrait of George Kennan, which appears in connection with a stir- ring poem on the recent Russian atrocities. 161 Mr. Hamlin Garland talks about Mr. Howells’ latest novels in the Mew Lugland Magazine, for May, and in connection with this paper there is given a striking portrait of the great novelist. The April number of College and School contained a series of interesting articles on General Spinner, the financier and statesman. The articles were illustrated, and the ‘‘ Spinner number” may be set down asa hit. There is enterprise both in College and School. In her lecture on ‘‘ The Literature and Religion of Ancient Egypt” at Chickering Hall, New York, the other evening, Miss Edwards said that the poetry of the Egyptians, although singularly re- gardless of rhyme and metre.like Walt Whitman's verse to-day, is true poetry ofa high order. Miss A. M. Machar, whose ‘‘ Stories of New France” just issued by D. Lothrop Campany has found an immediate success both in Canada and ‘‘ the States,” is a Kingston (Ontario) lady of cul- ture and literary ability. Her sonnet on Brown- ing in the March Century has attracted much at- tention. In alate number of Za Nouville Review there is a criticism of M. Alexandre de Haye’s translation, ‘‘ The Letters of Lord Beaconsfield to his Sister,” published four years ago in London. The work is accompanied by notes and explanatory matter, and is admitted to be most interesting and satis- factory. To give vividness to 1,000,000 years Darwin, in ‘Origin of Species,” page 269, gives this: ‘‘ Take a narrow strip of paper, 83 feet 4 inches in length, and stretch it along the wall of a large hall; then. mark off at one end the tenth of an inch. This tenth of an inch will represent one hundred years, and the entire strip a million years.”’ Mrs. Humphry Ward has just established a new sort of Toynbee Hall.in Gordon Square London, it is said, where the new religion, as outlined in ‘“ Robert Elsmere,” is to be taught. ‘‘ Mrs. Ward is high priestess of the new church, and Dr. Mar- tineau and Stopford Brooke are among the influ- ential persons interested.” Queen Victoria has written two books whcih have never been published. They are volumes of travel, and recount her impressions of various places on the continent. Shé has been so annoyed at the criticisms of her published works that she has refused to have these manuscripts put into print. They willbe published after her death. Bismarck, ever since his university days, has been known as a ‘‘chain smoker” (kettenraucher), that is.a smoker whoconnects his breakfast and his dinner with an endless chain of cigars, each lighted from the stump of the Jastone. Gambetta once said of him: ‘‘Happy man! _ Beer and smoke agree with him,”

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162 _ Encouraged by the success of the Historiettes Modernes. by Prof. C. Fontain, Washington, D. C., the publishers. D. C. Heath & Co., Boston, will issue on the 21st, a second volume by the same author and edited on the same plan. The stories are short, pure, unusually interesting and of recent appearance in France, and the notes are full and suggestive. In the ‘‘ World’s Greatest Conflict,” just issued by D. Lothrop Company, Mr. Henry Boynton has presented the parallels of France and America in their break for liberty a century ago in a terse, vigorous and simple manner. Mr. Boynton is a resident of Augusta, Me., and is aclose and en- thusiastic student of political history in all its varying phases. The name of Dickens and Thackeray pair as naturally in one’s mind as do those of Pope and Dryden or of Schiller and Goethe. Yet it is not generally known that Thackeray first met Dickens when the former proposed to become the illsu- trator of his earliest book, a proposition which was presumably, declined, as Cruikshank was the art- ist who materialized Boz’s keen humor. « Robert Browning’s will, dated February 12, 1864, was witnessed by. Tennyson and F. T. Pal- grave, and left all his property to his son, the art- ist, Robert Barrett Browning, save a charge of $1,000'a year to Miss Browning, the poet’s sister. The gross. value of the personal estate in the United Kingdom is sworn under $84,000, but there is also property in Italian stocks and real estate. This was chiefly inherited money, well invested. ‘Kladderadatsch, the leading Berlin comic paper, is preparing a ‘‘ Bismarck Album,” which is to contain about 250, 7. ¢., the whole of the humor- ous representations of the Chancellor hitherto pub- lished by that periodical since the earliest appear- ance of Prince Bismarck on the political field. The oldest of the cartoons dates from the year 1489, when the then Herr Von Bismarck was a member of the Prussian Second Chamber. The brick houses of the Scotch mission station on Lake Nyassa have all been built out of a single ant’s nest, and the quarry from which the materiel has been derived forms a pit beside the settlement some dozen feet in depth. A supply of bricks as large again couid probably, be taken from this convenient depot; and the missionaries on Lake Tenganyika and onwards to Victoria Nyanza have been similarly indebted to the labors of the ter- mites. | The cost of the new catalogue of the Astor Library, which has been in preparation for six or seven years, has amounted to about $50,000. It is in four volumes of I,o00 pages each, and _ is in all respects one of the finest catalogues ever made, THE QUERIES MAGAZINE. embodying, as it does, all the newest and bestideas of the foremost librarians, Copies of it have been sent gratuitously to all the large libraries in this country and Europe, and are also offered for sale at the library at $30 the set. D. C. Heath & Co. will shortly issue a manual on the Reproduction of Geographical Forms by Jacques W. Redway, author of Zhe Teacher's Manual of Geography. It is designed for teachers and stu- dents who wish to learn the details of sand and clay modelling as applied to geographical forms, and the projection, drawing and interpretation of maps. The manual will be illustrated with the various projections used in map-drawing, includ- ing a number of very easily constructed ones that may be used by younger pupils. ‘‘Midnight Talks at the Club” is the title of a volume shortly to be published by Fords, Howard, & Hulbert. It is made up chiefly of a series of articles under the same title from the Sunday issues of the Mew Vork Times, which excited a good deal of interest when they firstappeared, and of an article entitled ‘‘ A Protest Against Dogma,” by the same author, Amos K. Fiske, which at- tracted much attention in a recent number of Zhe Forum. These papers contain free and candid dis- cussions of various religious, social, political, and moral questions that interest thinking people of the present day. Fresh and attractive in style, they are practically an appeal for politics without prejudice, Americanism without proscription, re- ligion without superstition, Christianity without creed-lines, and, in brief, for toleration, common sense, and reasonable views about the Deity and man’s relations to Him, as the solvents for most - of the ‘‘ problems” of the time. Lucy Larcom is said to be one of the most quiet and unassuming of Boston poets. So quietly does she live, with friends, ina Columbus Avenue apart- ment hotel, that many who have for years ad- mired her charming verses are not in theleast aware that they have the gifted author for a neigh- bor. ‘‘* Will you leave me at Miss Larcom’s apart- ments?” asked the writer the other day of the quaint old man who conducts the elevator at her hotel. ‘‘Miss Larcom! Miss Larcom!” said he meditatively, ‘‘She is a maiden lady, isn’t she; one 0’ these ’ere writers? Number 10, she is.” ‘*No man,”’ it is said, ‘‘ is a hero to his valet.” It is not strange, then, that one of the most delightful of New England’s poets is simply ‘‘ one o’ these "ere writers,” tothe man whoruns her elevator, and is known in the category only as ‘‘Number io.” But to the thousands who, every year, read her charming lines, she is something infinitely above and beyond this. Boston’s literary coteries are far richer for Miss Lardom’s presence among them,

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eee? Som Answers to Questions in this number will appear in the July issue. RUSSIAN HISTORY. C. H. CHASE, 1. When did Nicholas I. convert Poland into a Russian province ? 2. When was the subjugation of the Caucasus completed ? 3. What is the oldest Russian grammar ? 4. Who founded thecelebrated St. Petersburg Academy ? 5. Whoiscalled the ‘‘Russian Charlemagne” ? 6. Who first placed the Russian metrical sys- tem on a firm basis? . 7. Who was the first universally popular Rus- sian poet ? 8. What is the great center of the corn trade: on the Volga ? g. How many streets are there in St. Peters- burg? 1o. What is the finest street? 11, Who ranks first among the original Russian fabulists ? 12. What contains a colossal bronze statue of the famous Suwaroff ? 13. How many bridges are there in St. Peters- burg? 14. How high is the cathedral of St. Izak at St. Petersburg ? 15. When was St. Petersburg made the capi- tal ? 16. What author and exile is called the ‘‘liberal Russian’’? 17. Where is the river Ty? 18. When was Samara erected into a govern- ment? 19. What city of the Tartar empire has Russia held possession of since 1868 ? : 20. Under whose orders was Sebastapol founded, and when? 21. Into how may provinces and divisions is Si- beria divided ? 22. Whatare they? 23. What is the largest volcano in Siberia ? 24. When was Irkutsh founded ? 25. Where were the Russians defeated by Na- polean ? ORNITHOLOGY. 1. What modification does geology give be- tween reptiles and birds ? 2. The remains of what large, extinct bird are found in France? 3. What gigantic bird of New Zealand has re- cently become extinct ? 4. What was the giant of pigeons? 5. What has rudiments of wings and no tail ? 6. To what two divisions of vertebrates are birds most closely allied ? 7. Into what groups are aquatics divided ? 8. Into what groups are terrestrial divided ? g. Into what groups are erial divided? 10. What order is most numerous and varied ? 11. What is the peculiarity of Climbers ? 12. Which of the Cursores is a native of Amer- ica? 13. What is the link between terrestrial and perching birds? 14. Between aquatic and terrestrial ? 15. What is the largest rapacious bird of North America ? 16. What was associated with Jupiter in myth- ology ?”’ 17. In what country are yellow-hammers fat- tened for the table? 18. Why is cow bird so called ? 19. How many species of humming-birds in South America? 20. On what continent are stilt-plovers most numerous ? 21. What is the African humming-bird ? 22. What are young swans called ? 23. Where are black swans found? 24. What, says Linneus, is the only living crea- ture seen 2,000 feet above the limit of perpetual snow in Lapland ? 25. How many species of wood-peckers in the United States ? NICKNAMES AND SOUBRIQUETS. CLARENCE DANA BARRETT. 26. The Naturalist. 27. The Shakespeare of India.

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164° 28, The German Sappho. 29. The Father of French Surgery. 30. El Chico. 31. Le Joyeux. 32. The Hammer of Heretics. 33. Old Man Eloquent. 34. The Jack Cade of America. 35. The Pivotal Man. 36. The White Pasha. 37. The Father of Theosophy. 38. The Horace of Portugal. 39. The Divine Poet. 40. Eberhard with the Beard. 41. The Peaceful. 42. The Apostle of Greenland. 43. The Portuguese Anacreon. 44, The Battler, (El Batallador.) 45. Bamboccio. 46. The Father of Modern Painting. 47. The Misanthrope. 48. Palmyra Wood. 49. The Cardinal of Florence. 50. The Martyr. HISTORICAL MELANGE. RACHEL S. HASCHE, 26. Who is said to have dictated the Koran to Mohammed? 27. Who made the first balloon ascension in England, and when ? 28. What was the first newspaper published in Vermont, when, where and by whom ? 29. When was the first recorded fall of an zro-— lite in England ? 30. What are the two largest dnwecs in the world? 31. What river in Germany is a connecting link of a system of sixteen lakes ? 32. What volcano bears the name of the ‘*Mountain of the Star’? 33. Where was the word Huguenot first ap- plied to the Protestant party ? 34. Who was United States Attorney General n 1838? 35. From whatis the word ‘‘loafer” derived ? 36. What festival is held by the Hindoos simi- lar to our April Fools’ Day, and on what day of the month? 37. What town in Scotland contains the ruins of a castle having a dungeon called ‘‘ Wallace’s Larder” ? 38. Who wrote the ‘‘ Provincial Letters’ di- rected against the Jesuits in 1656,under the pseudo of ‘‘ Louis de Montalto” ? 39. Who first used the words Australia and Polynesia ? THE QUERIES MAGAZINE. 40. Who was the last pagan king of Ireland ? 41. What do the erage call the battle of Leipsic 7 ? 42. Who was the first president of Liberia ? 43. What were the ‘‘ten of liberty and peace” in history ? ; 44. Who was the last of the Kamehameha line of sovereigns of the Hawaiian Islands? 45. Who navigated the Sea of Kara for the first time? 46. Who discovered tellurium ? 47. When were the first silver groschens coined, and where? 48. What is the twelfth letter of the Phoenician alphabet ? | 49. What is the heliotrope called in England ? 50. What is Solanine ? ENGLISH AND AMERICAN LITERATURE, RUTH RAYMOND, 51. What king desired an author’s fame ? 52. The wife of what poet said ‘I wish I were a book so you would pay me some attention;” to which he laughingly retorted, ‘‘I wish you were an almanac so I could change you each year’? 53. For what poet’s death did Charles I. go in- to mourning? 54. Who was the first American writer who at- tained a European reputation ? 55. Who wrote the first American romance: ? 56. Who wrote Why Should the Spirit of Mor- tal be Proud” ? 57. Had ‘‘ How they Brought the Good News from Ghent to Aix,” historical foundation ? 58. Was ‘‘ Paul Revere” imaginary ? 59. When and where was the Charge of the Light Brigade? 60. What ballad translated by Byron was for- bidden to be sung by the Moors on pain of death? 61. Who was the hero in Browning’s ‘‘ Lost Leader ?” 62. Of whom did Macauley say “never had any writer so vast a command of the whole elo- quence of scorn, misanthropy and despair”? 63. What English author set out to makea tour of Europe with one clean shirt and no money? 64. What did he write’ while under arrest for debt ? 65. Who paid a debt of $500,000 by literary work after he was fifty-five ? 66. Of what poem did Byron say it was a greater honor to have written than any equal num- ber of lines ever written ? 67. Where is ‘‘The great deed ne’er grows small,” found ?

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THE QUERIES MAGAZINE. 68. How old was Bryant when he. wrote Than- atopsis ? 69. Who said the secret of his life was ‘‘ I had a friend”? 70. Who was first president of Sorosis? 71. Where is the site of Burns’ Meeting of the Waters ? 72. Who attempted towrite The Ancient Mari- ner with Coleridge? 73. What poem written on the eve of battle was found after battle on the dead body of the author? 74. What poem was written to confute the idea that a fairy poem, purely imaginative, re- quired the aid of human characters ? 75. From whom did Longfellow get his idea of Evangeline? BIBLIOGRAPHICAL INTERROGATORIES. C. H. CHASE. 76. What work was published anonymously in 1819, and attributed to Byron? 77. What authors’ works did DeQuincy call ‘the galaxy of the German literary firmament” ? 78. What was the first hymn book with notes published in America, and by whom ? 79. What name is given to the books printed prior to 1500? ad 80. What French composer of the 16th cen- tury is known as Clemens Won papa ? 81. What Russian author destroyed his manu- script when in a religious melancholy ? 82. In what periodical did ‘‘Uncle Tom’s Cabin”’ first appear ? 83. What Danish novelist wrote under the pseudo of Emanuel St. Hermidad? 84. In what was the first known advertisement published, and when? 85. What was the first newspaper printed by steam, and when? ; 86. What weekly paper was published on board of an emigrant ship in 1877. 87. Who wrote a novel entitled ‘‘ Man as He Is Not” ? 88. What was the classic of the middle ages ? 89. Who wrote an imitation of Burger's ‘‘ Le- nore,” and what was its title? —* go. What poem by Tennyson has been parodied in the Bon Gaultier Ballads ? gt. Who wrote a humerous ballad called ‘‘ Peg of Limavaddy” ? g2. What Japanese author wrote a history of Corea, Yezo, and Loochoo; give title and date? 93. Who wrote the ‘‘ Golden Ass,” a satire on the absurdities of magic? 165 94. Who was the author of a Danish fable en- titled ‘‘ William Tell’’? 95. In what Chinese work do we find the myth- ical tale of ‘‘The Dog Gellert” ? g6. Give the title of a work written by William Van Utenhoven, a priest of Aerdenburg, about 1250? | 97. Which is the most humorous of the ‘ Es- says of Elia” ? . 98. Who was imprisoned for printing a ballad on the demolition of the Bastile ? 99. Who desired the following to be his epi- taph ? ‘*He loved established modes of serving God, Preached from a pulpit rather than a tub, And gave no guinea to Bible Club.” 100. What is the oldest Welsh poem extant? ASTRONOMICAL POINTS. 76. Where is there a star of the fourth magni- tude called Acubene? 77. What is the fixed star Algol sometimes called ? 78. What epithet is applied to Jupiter? 79. In what constellation is Alhirto found? 80. What are the cardinal signs in astronomy? 81. What asteroid was discovered by Encke in 1845? 82. What constellation was so named in com- pliment to the wife of Ptolemy Evergetes? 83. What are the belts of a planet called? 84. What king soughtto improve the Ptolemaic planetary tables, and received the nickname of ‘*The Astronomer” ? 85. What constellation winds from Orion to Cetus? 86. What small planet revolves between the orbits of Jupiter and Mars? 87. In what year was the above discovered ? 88. What time is required for its solar revolu- tion? , : 89. What constellation contains 60 stars? 90. Who wrote a work entitled ‘‘ The Martyrs of Science; or, the lives of Galileo, Tycho, Brahe, and Kepler” ? gt. What was the gSth asteroid ? g2. When was the above discovered, and by whom? 93. What is the celestial equator called ? 94. Who wrote under the pseudo of ‘‘The As- tronomer Royal” ? 95. What planet is called Lucifer from its brightness ? g6. Whatis the time required’ called for the fixed stars to make a revolution?

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166 97. Who has been called ‘‘The Shepherd Boy Astronomer” ? 98. What is the most luminous star of the Pleiades ? 99. Who wrote ‘‘ Recreations in Astronomy” ? 100. What is the color of the star Capella ? FICTIONAL CHARACTERIZATIONS. 76. Havier. 77. Silas Carston. 78. Matilda, Countess of Laurentine. 79. Colonel Tredennis. 80. Lucie Dorne. _ 81. Tara Barabola. 82. Lady Anna Cowper-Smith. 83. Schmucke. 84. Nouronihar. 85. Roden. 86. Lady Marguerite. 87. Palemon. 88. Niente. 89. Talazac. go. Cecil Conranth. g1. Diabolus Gander. g2. Cydippe. 93. Diamond Albany. 94. Rosina. 95. Grangosier. 96. Grandma Padgett. 97. Noorna bin Noorka. 98. Antonella. gg. Schronberg. 100. Princess Nehusta. ANSWERS. Answers to Questions that appeared. in the March number. ENGLISH AND AMERICAN LITERATURE. RUTH RAYMOND. Caedmon’s Paraphrase of the Bible. : 2. A Servant in the monastery at Whitby. 3. From a dream. 4. Baeda. 5. Translation of the Gospel of St. John. 6. The Normans, 7. The Parsone’s. 8. The Game and Playe of the Chesse, 1474. -g. Twelve, to represent the twelve virtues. 1o. Titus Audronicus. 11, Henry V. 12. The Epilogue to thie Tempest. 13. Every Manin his Humour. Volpone the Fox... me o£ THE QUERIES MAGAZINE. 15. Surrey, in his translation of the Aneid. 16. Bacon. 17. Sir Philip Sidney. 18. George Herbert. 19. Milton. 20. Dr. Johnson. 21. About 15,000 words. 22. In prison. 23. Robert Burton. 24. Anything reticulated. or decussated with interstices at equal distances between the inter- sections. 25. Twenty. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL INTERROGAT ORIES., C. H. CHASE. | 26. The Vision of Rubeta, an Epic Story of the Island of Manhatten. 27. Konrad Ferdinand Meyer, a Swiss novel- ist. dj 28. Sir E., L. B. L. Bart. 29. Iwein, one ‘of the most ee of the medieval German epics, by Hartmann Von Aue, about I2I0. 30. The Abecedarium of Michael Agricola, 1543. ; 31. Ruderhein. 32. Erhardus Oglin. 33. Argonauticon Americanorum, sine Hestoria Periculorum Petri Goveide Victoria, 1647. 34. Ciceronis Officiorum Libri III, Paradoxaet Versus XII, Sapientum, 1465. 35. In Nicholas Vallard’s letters, 1547. ‘ 36. Breviary of Britayne, 1573. 37. Felix Leeds, 1727, Andrew Bradford, Phila- delphia. ‘38. ‘*‘ Madison Agonistes; or, The Agonies of Mother Goose, a fragment of a Political Burletta as Acting, or to be Acted on the American stage,”’ 1814. 39. A Compleat Body of Divinity in Two Hun- dred and Fifty Expository Lectures on the Assem- bly’s Shorter Catechism, 1726, 40. 1609, Sir John Skene, 41. Tanquam Explorator. 42. Charles Dickens. 43. England’s Parnassus; or, the choicest Flow- ers of our Modern Poets, with their poetical com- parisons. | 44. Robert Allot. 45. The Patriots of North America, printed by James Rivington, N. Y., 1775. 46. The Anatomic of Abuses, by Philip Stubbs, 1583.

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47. 48. 49. sion 50. 47. THE QUERIES MAGAZINE. 1484. William Caxton. The Polyolbion, by Michael Drayton. Annals of Great Britian; from the Acces- of George the third to the Peace of Amiens, 1822, London. The Forget-Me-Not. ASTRONOMICAL POINTS. C. H. CHASE. 1859. Jupiter. 300,000. The Second. The Emperor Chuenhio. Feb. 28, 2446 B. c. In Ptolemy’s Almagest. Nov. 15, 265 B. C, Halley’s comet. 138. Cynosure. 240,000,000. Dubke and Merak in ‘‘ The Dipper’, Thuban. Thales. Alpheratz, Algenil, Markal and Scheat. The Pleiades, or ‘‘Seven Sisters”. Job XXXVITI, 31. Sirius, the Dog Star. Job’s coffin. Q. Sodium, Hydrogen, Tellurium, Iron, Bis- -muth, Mercury, Magnesium, Antimony and Cal- cium, 48. 49. 50. Jeremiah Horrox. Sunday, Nov. 24, 1639, (0. Ss.) Vesta. FICTIONAL CHARACTERIZA TIONS. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. C. H. CHASE, The Soul’s Tragedy. Francis the Waif. The King of the Golden River. The Peckster Professorship. Sintrain and his Companions. The Cat of Bubastes. Red Nose Frost. The Task. Rosalind. By Order of the King. Won from the Waves. The Pleader’s Guide. The Gentle Shepherd. Vivian Grey. Kavanaugh. The Election. Belinda. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. design. 53. 167 Destiny. A Simple Story. * Gunnar. A Fairy Tale. Auster Fair. My Uncle Florimond. Colloquies of Socieiy. Robert Helmont. ICELANDIC HISTORY. C. H. CHASE, Eighty-two. The Skaptar Jokul. Skjalfandafijot, Jokulsa, Jokulsa i Axarfirdi. 1402. ; The Hanseatic. Towns. Erik Rauda. The Red. Greenland: The Giant Auk, or Gierfugl. The Almannagija. The Oxeraa. Conrad Gislason. The Atheling. About the year 981. Friedrich, a Saxon bishop. Are Thorgilson. Ingolfr and Liefr. Finn Magnussen. The Creation. ‘‘A grandmother,” or ‘‘a source of knowl- Harold Harfagr. Ulfliot the Wise. Olaf Truggeson. 1783. . Jon Thorlakson. Frederick Metcalfe. BRITISH INDIA. . M, SEARS BROOKS, Gneiss. The arch and various features of Moorish The great mosque at Delhiand the mauso- leum near Agra, 54. The Khuttub Minar near Delhi. 55. Governor General or Viceroy appointed by the English crown. 56. 57: 58. With the first Moslem invasion, A. D. 1000. 1193 at Delhi. Baber, surnamed ‘‘The Tiger,” 1527. 59. The Moguls. 60. Simour the Great, and on his mother’s side from Genghis Khan, 61. Aurungzebe, the son of Shah Jehan.

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168 62. THE QUERIES Louis XIV. 63. Their astronomical and _ trigonometrical methods. 64. Brahmapootra. 65. The Pariahs. 66. Bengal. 67. 1825. 68. Assam. 69. At Agra; built by Shah Jehan. 79. Indiaprastha. 71. Mussulman. 72. The citadel of Calcutta or Fort William. 73. 10,000 men. 74. Bombay. 75. Bombay. THE ROYALTY OF JEWISH HISTORY. 76. 77: ets. 78, 7y- 80. SI. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. go. gt. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. Q7- 98. 99. 100. 76. 77: 78. 79: 80. 81. 82. 83. CLARA F, HARRIS. Athaliah, Esther. Jehu, by one of the children of the proph- Athaliah. Saul. Asa, The two kings of the Amorites. Abimelech. Mephibasheth, Saul. Solomon. Sennacherib, King of Assyria. Shishak, King of Egypt. Josiah, Joash. To repair the temple. Jabin, King of Canaan, Lemuel. Esther. Jeroboam., Solomon. Hiram, King of Tyre. David. Queen “of Sheba. Esther. Hezekiah. Josiah. Joash. Josiah. BOTANICAL QUERIES. C. H. CHASE, Timothy. Timothy Hanson, about 1780. Prunus cerasus. The Paschal-flower. The Acanthus. The Asphodel. The Vervain. Odjar. MAGAZINE. 84. The crested dog’s tail. 85. Kaka. 86. Cock’s foot. 87. Love-in-a-puff. 88. Belle de Nuit, Beauty of Night. 89. Love-in-the-green, Devil-in-a-Bush. 90. The Tassel Flower. git. Goosefoot. 92. The Swamp Honeysuckle. 93. Gleditschia. 94. The Etoile de Lyon. 95. Alfalfa, or Lucerne clover. 96. Sultan of Zanzibar. 97. . Iris Robinsoniana. 98. Agrostemma. 99. Jack-in-the-pulpit. too. ‘‘ And shrieks like mandrakes torn of the earth, That being mortals, hearing them, run mad.” 3 PRIZE COMPETITION. This prize competition is offered in the belief that it will not only prove interesting to many readers of the Magazine, but that it will also, ina general way, lead to commendable research into the works of English and American poets. The quotations selected are mostly from well-known authors; all of them are taken from books, The scheme of this competition includes seventy-five quotations, twenty-five of which were in the March number, twenty-five were in the April number, the remaining twenty-five being printed below. Prizes will be awarded to competitors naming the largest number of the authors and the titles of the poems, from which the seventy-five quotations are taken. In the answers the quota- tions can be designated simply by their numbers. Only such answers as are complete and correct in all respects will be credited. Answers to the com- plete series are due on June toth, and must bear post-mark of no later date to be credited. Prizes will be awarded June 2oth, in the order of merit. Pitat Prize. 2. 6ccceaiens 4 SES 00: ineash second Prise... os bkc ewes 10.00 *f7-"" SH: Sigs) Reger eee sc Bat tet PerQrit PSE A ss ho 8 ss hn ns 4:00.30 Pitiie Paes 6 fxs is ak a 8S! #8 The competition is open to subscribers only.

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THE QUERIES LI. Well, it is easier wishing than working, but there isn’t much of a doubt A man must raise his clover himself or manage to do without. LII. Labor is health! Lo, the husbandman reaping, How through his veins goes the life-current leap- ing! q : How his strong arm, in his stalworth pride sweep- ing, | True as a sunbeam the swift sickle guides . Labor is wealth,—in the sea the pearl groweth; ' Rich the queen’s robe from the frail cocoon floweth. From the fine acorn the strong forest bloweth; Temple and statue the marble block hides, LILI. Every pine and fir and hemlock Wore ermine too dear for an earl, And the poorest twig on the elm-tree Was ridged inch deep with pearl. LIV. The social talk, the evening fire, The homely household shrine Grow bright with angel visits, when The lord pours out the wine. LV. And never seemed the land so fair As now, nor birds such notes'to sing, Since first within your shining hair I wove the blossoms of the spring LVI. Nature wears the color of the spirit; Sweetly to her worshiper she sings. All the glow, the grace she doth inherit, Round her crushing child she fondly flings. LVII. e Flooded with peace the spirit-float, With silent rapture glows, ’Till where earth ends and heaven begins The soul shall scarcely know. LVIII. These struggling tides of life, that seem In wayward, aimless course to tend, Are eddies of the mighty stream That rolls to its appointed end. MAGAZINE. 169 LIX. On Adirondack’s lake-encircled crest Old war-paths mark the soil, - Where idly bivouacs the summer guest And peaceful miners toil. LA. The jocund fields would masquerade; Fantastic scene! Tree, shrub, and lawn, and lovely green, And joined the revel, all arrayed. So white and clean. LXI. He who on sugar angels fares Hath pangs beneath his silken vest, *The rougher life has fewer cares, Who fasts has sounder rest. LXII. Not unless God made sharp thine ear With sorrow such as mine, Out of that delicate lay could’st thou’ Its heavy tale divine. LAHTI. She wears a crown of Purity, Full set with woman’s brightest gem,— A wreath of maiden modesty, And virtue is the diadem. LXIV. Calmly leaving far behind Earth’s dark memories, let me find Loving smile and greeting hand, Joyful in the Better Land. LXV. Imagine something purer far More free from stain of clay, Than friendship, love or passion are Yet human still as they. . And if thy lip for love like this No mortal word can frame, Go, ask of angels what it is, And call it by that name. LXVI. I live not in myself, but I become Portion of that around me; and to me High mountains are a feeling, but the hum Of human cities torture, I can-see

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170 Nothing to lothe in nature save to be A link reluctant in a fleshly chain, Class’d among creatures, when the soul can flee j And with the sky, the peak, the heaving plain Of ocean, or the stars, mingle, and not in vain. LXVII. Why should I hug life’s ills with cold reserve To curse myself and all who love me? Nay! A thousand times more good than I deserve God gives me every day. LXVIII. THE QUERIES MAGAZINE. The friends to whom we had natural right, The homes that were not destined to be ours. LXXIV. Take heart! tho’ sown in tears and blood, No seed that’s quick with love, hath perisht, Tho’ dropt in barren byeways—God Some glorious flower of life hath cherisht. LXXV. By spirit law is given to me The excellence of spirit-sight: Ensphered by this undazzling light A silent, smileless group I see. His mind’s a cultivated garden, Where nature’s hand has sown The flower-seeds of poetry— And they have freshly grown, Imbued with beauty and perfume To other plants unknown. OPEN CONGRESS. 299.—When were bells first used in-churches ? Lexington, Mo. i ae FOP The invention of church bells is attributed to Paulinus, bishop of Nola, in Campania, about 400, They were first.used in churches as a defence against thunder and lightning. They were first hung in England, at Croyland Abbey, in 945. In the eleventh century and later, it was the custom to baptise them in churches before they were used. The curfew-bell was established in 1068, and dis- continued in 1I100. Bellmen were appointed in LXX. London in 1556, to ring the bells atnight, and cry, | ‘‘ Take care of your fire and candle; be charitable to the poor, and pray for the dead.” Ext Farmer, sow thy seed with lavish hand Though the harvest not by thee is planned; Nor knowest thou which falls in vain, And which will render like again, Or what, with blessings yet untold Will yield for thee a hundred-fold. High and proudly rides the moon, Noon renewing with her light, In her train I read the rune, That the sister Pleiads write. TRAPPISTS., 300.—Please give the origin of the religious or der of Trappists. ; J.C. Zenia, O. This monastic order of the Roman Catholic church derived its name from the abbey of La Trappe, in France. It was here that the severe re- forms were introduced in the 12th century, which distinguished the order from others of the church. LXXI. There are no friends like the old friends, So worthy of trust, So good at forgiving an error, So tender and just. LXXII. Who waveth the Satin of the rose, And giveth its dainty dye? Who mixeth the subtle fragrances That deep in its heart do lie? ‘* THE DUTCHMAN’S FIRESIDE,” 301.—Who was the author of this work ? L. B——yY. James Kirk Paulding; born 1779, died 1860. ROUND ROBIN, . LAXIII. 302.—What is the meaning of Round Robin ? Even so we leave behind, L. J. As, chartered by some unknown powers, Round Robin was the term applied to petitions We steam across the sea of life by night, or papers of remonstrance with the signatures writ- The joys which were not for our use de-_ ten in a circle to prevent. the first signer—per- signed, haps the ringleader—from being discovered.

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[HE poids Da tebe tras A tions of the Brightes Medical Minds in the| =DICINE world, as used by them FOR => se oa Berlin and DISEASE. Wo. 1—Cures Catarrh, Hay Fever, Rose Cold, Catarrhal Deafness, No. 2—Coughs, Colds, Bronchitis, Asth- ma, Consumption. An incomparable [) remedy—restores wasted tissues and gives a new lease of life, Wo. 3—Rheumatism, Gout, ; No. 4—Liver & Kidneys, Dyspepsia, Indigestion, Constipation, Brights Di- sease. A favorite slaughter-field for the quack, who has ruined more stom- achs than alcohol, Use a remedy sanctioned in high places. No. 6—Fever and Ague, Dumb Ague, Malaria, Neuralgia - Wo. 6.—Female Weakness, Irregu- larities, Whites. A golden remedy. No. 7—A Perfect Tonic, which gives Health, Form and Fullness, Clear Com- plexion, Good Blood and lots of it. Wo. 8—Nervous Debility, Loss of Power, Impotence. A genuine remedy for an unfortunate condition. = Every bottle guaranteed to cure its RELIABLE fispecial disease, if CURABLE, and to give permanent relief ALWAYS, Cire ACENTS xulars describing these remedies sent W ANTED ‘ree on application. HOSPITAL REM> * EEDY COMPANY'Toronto, Canada. TO THE YOUNG FACE MEDICATED GOMPLEXION POWDER © Cives fresher Charms, to the old renewed youth. TRY IT. SOLD EVERY WHERE in the Hospitals of Lon- ONK ed BpeOSe RM LGU TRACRERS | Everyone can make BIG MONEY. STUDENTS | SUCCESS assured to workers for PEERLESS ATLAS oF THE WORLD Full particulars by addressing 927 Chestnut St. LADIES’ HOME COMPANION, PHILADELPHIA, PA. EN AWAY! Reader, don’t forget to send 5 cents for Park’s New Rose Budget and the 2 splendid | Ever blooming hardy Roses (Souv.deWootton and La France) adver- tised last month. You will be delighted with them, You should have these Roses if you grow but two plants, and the Budget tells you all about ead their culture. Only 25c. for the Budget and two ChoiceRoses; or 5 Budgets and 10 ft oses for %1.00. f@" Send at once, Get = aClub. Address GEO.W. PARK, lorist, Parkton, Metal P. 0., Pa. P.§.—Ten Splendid Ever-Blooming Roses, choicest sorts, with Park's Floral Magazine for 1 year, all for $1.00, This is a charming monthly, ‘‘bright as a marigold,’’ and.a favorite among flower lovers. Now is the time to Subscribe. JUST ISSUED: POEMS OF THE TURF OTHE BALLADS, By EM. PIERCE. With numerous Illustrations. - Like Will Carleton, Mr. Pierce is distinctively a poet of the people. His contributions to the newspapers and periodicals have been happily received by a large circle of readers, and have made for their genial and gifted author more than a local fame. That he is entitled to the distinction of ‘‘The Poet of The Turf’ none will gainsay who have read his spirited and realistic stories of the horse, told in easy-flowing verse. 8 vo., heavy paper, extra cloth, gilt top, pp. 160. PRICH, $2.00. for sale by Booksellers or sent post- paid by the publishers, THE WENBORNE-SUMNER C0., BUFFALO, N. Y.

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_A Montuity Review or Literary, ART, SCIENTIFIC AND GENERAL EDUCATIONAL QUESTIONS OF THE Day. SUBSCRIPTION :— In the United States and Canada, One Dollara year. Foreign, Six Shillings. Single copies, ten cents, _ To Contrrisutors :—Contributions are solicited for Tue QuErRiIES MaG4ZINE on all subjects of general interest. The friends of higher education who are willing to promote the interests of this mode of instruction are invited to furnish a series of one hundred questions and answers for early publica- tion. Contributors will please use due caution in compilation, as itisa part of the plan of publication that all questions should be known only to the contributor and the Editor before appear- ing in the magazine. To SusscripEers :—Persons ordering a change in the direc- tions of the magazine must give both the old and the new ad- dress in full. All subscribers who do not receive their magazine promptly will please notify usatonce. The receipt of the magazine will be a sufficient acknowledgement for a single subscription. When no time is specified, it will be un- derstood that the subscriber wishes to commence .with the current number. Remit by. Postal Note, Money Order or Draft on New York. All communications should be ad- dressed to THE WENBORNE-SUMNER CO., BUFFALO, N. Y. EDITOR’S TABLE. THE publishers of THE QUERIES MAGAZINE would be pleased to make very liberal inducements to parties who would undertake to canvass for sub- scriptions in their respective localities. It is fully proven that subscriptions can easily be obtained by any one who goes at the business with energy and perseverance. It is not difficult to find the people who would likely take interest in a maga- zine of this class, and many who do not, at pres- ent, know of it, would in all probability be thank- ful for having their attention directed to it. The inducements which the publishers offer would ‘en- able canvassers to employ their time quite profit- ably for a while. THE Atlas which is at present, and for a short time only, offered in combination. with THE QUERIES MAGAZINE at a low price, is undoubtedly the most valuable article ever offered at a low price in this way. It is full of first-class maps that are new; it is correct and handy. ‘The covers are flex- ible, and the book can be handled with so little effort as to invite its frequent use. For all practi- cal purposes it is just as good as the most expensive works of the kind. It is just the thing to take along on a journey. QUERIES WITH ANSWERS, series I and II, which were published in connection with this magazine, are pronounced to be the most available question books for teachers in the higher grades. Each book contains 2,600 questions and answers, one hundred on each of twenty-six subjects. Hand- somely bound in cloth. The price has heretofore —— ANEOUS. oo — been $1.00 for each volume, and has just been re- duced to one-half when two volumes are ordered together. Sent by mail postpaid. The WENBORNE-SUMNER Co’s, ‘‘Art Printery,’’ 258 Pearl Street, Buffalo, N. Y., is prepared to fur- nish printed matter of every kind, books, cata- logues, stationery, etc., promptly and at low prices for work unexcelled in point of workman- ship. Unique designs are made a specialty, En- gravings for illustrations.are produced by any of the known processes. Correspondence solicited. CONSUMPTION SURELY CURED. To THE EDITOR: Please inform your readers that I have a positive remedy for above named disease. By its timely ‘use thousands of hopeless cases have been perma- nently cured. I shall be glad 'to send two bottles of my remedy FREE to any of your readers who have consumption, if they will send me their Ex- press and P. O. address. Respectfully, . T. A. SLOCUM, M.C., 181 Pearl St., New York. 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at OUR LATEST AND GRANDEST PREMIUM. Only $1.50 for a New Atlas of the World and this Magazine One Year. Sh the Atlas will be sent FREE as a Premium to any one sending Two Yearly Subscribers to this magazine The Atlas and magazine sent by mail, postage prepaid. As a Concise and Intelligent Epitome of the World, it is Equal to Any $10.00 Atlas. Every person who reads the current peri- odical literature of the day needs a concise, accurate and comprehensive Atlas of the World. If you wish to keep abreast of the times, by accurately locating in your mind the occurrences constantly agitating every partof the earth, you should have at hand a copy of the ‘‘Peerless Atlas of the World.” Never before has so valuable an Atlas been offered at so low a price. The Peerless Atlas Contains Larger and Better Maps of the Principal States than Atlases Costing $10.00. All Maps are Handsomely Colored, most of them in 6 Colors. It has Colored County Maps of All the States and Territories. All Countries on the Face of the Earth are Shown. It Gives the Latest Railroad Maps. Rivers and Lakes are Accurately Lo- cated. All the Large Cities of the World, the Important Towns_and Most of the Villages of the United States are Given on the Maps. THE HANDSOME COLORED MAPS Are large, full page,with a numberof double- page maps to represent the most important states of our own country. So compact has been ‘the arrangement of the Descriptive and Historical matter that only a careful investigation will reveal the large amount of valuable information given, all so grouped and classified that any part of it may be found with a moment’s search. This department comprises A GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE WORLD, °. Giving its physical features—form, density, temperature, motion, the seasons, climatic conditions, winds and currents; distribution of land and water; races of people and their religions; a historical chapter on polar explorations; alsothe most complete list of nations ever published, giving their geographical location, area, population and form of government. The Peerless Atlas gives'a classified list of all nations of the earth, with form of govern- ¥ ment, geographical location, size and population; population of each state in the Union for the past 50 years; population and county-seat of each county; a condensed history of each state in the Union; number of miles of railroad in each state; the peculiarities of soil and climate, together with the chief productions, principal industries and wealth of each state; the educational and religious interests of each state; the popular and electoral votes for President in 1880, 1884 and 1888, by states; list of all the Presidents of the United States; the agricultural productions of the United States; the mineral products of the United States; the homestead laws and civil service rules, and much other information that should be in every home, store, office and counting-room., Address all orders to - a THE QUERIES MAGAZINE, Buffalo, N. Y.— SARAH K. BOLTON'S WORKS. Size, Open, 14 by 22 Inches; Closed, 14 by 11 Inches. FAMOUS MEN OF SCIENCE. FAMOUS AMERICAN AUTHORS. | FAMOUS AMERICAN STATESMEN. wy POOR BOYS WHO BECAME FAMOUS. ee GIRLS WHO BECAME FAMOUS. All with beautifully executed portraits. 12 mo., cloth binding, gilt backs and sides. Regular price, $1.50 each. We will furnish these books free by mail. Any one volume and two subscriptions for $2.50. 66 : 46 46 (e three 46 66 3.20. sé two sé ‘6 five 66 6c 6 50. 4 66 ‘6 «6 66 six 66 é¢ 7.00, 66 ‘6é “a6 sé“ eight sé 66 8.00.

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