The Washington Post
April 11, 1930

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every morning. For call National 4205. The Washington Post is the only Washington newspaper publishing the reports of The Associated Press home delivery (ttn warmer today; row fair. Weather—fair and Temperature — High- est, 66; lowest, 37. Detalis on page 10. tomor- _NO. 19,657. WASHINGTON: FRIDAY, APRIL 11, 1930. BY THE COPYRIGHT. 1930. WASHINGTON POST CO THREE FIVE SENATORS GET CAMPAIGN FUNDS INQUIRY Quiz Into Sums Expended | by Senate Aspirants Widely Acclaimed. JOHNSON APPOINTED CHAIRMAN OF GROUP Choice of Investigators Limited to Those Not Up for Reelection. MRS. M’CORMICK IS SEEN FIRST SUBJECT Wheeler, in Radio Address, Cites Financial Tactics of Mark Hanna. By CARLISLE BABGERON. The 1930 model of the Senate cam- paign expenditures investigating com- mittee wag created yesterday amid such acclaim by the contesting can- didates as to make one feel silly for ever thinking that anything might be found to be wrong. Senator Hiram Johnson was named chairman, the other members being Senators Patterson, of Missouri; Goldsborough, of Maryland; Pittman, of Nevada, and Wagner, of New York. The Senate earlier had adopted without record vote the resolution Senator Norris, of Nebraska, for the investigation, but an amendment by Senator Walsh, of Massachusetts, con- siderably restricted the list of sena- tors from which Vice President Curtis had to select. Insisting that it might be unfair for any senator to serve if there was a contest in his State, Mr. Wash had the personnel of the committee restricted to those :ena- tors -who not only are not up for reelection themselves, but in whose States there is no contest... This. lem wwitie-umrthe new commissioner-of) duced the number of States from which senators might be drawn to sixteen and the number of senators to 28. Davis Highly Pleased. Otherwise the investigation may be as broad as it is long. It has full authority to investigate almost any- thing pertaining to the campaigns, and $100,000 with which to do it. Senator Grundy, of Pennsylvania, already had welcomed an inquiry in his State; in fact, insisted that one be made; and that it pay particular attention to Wallace W. Atterbury, president of the Pennsylvania Rail- road. Secretary of Labor Davis’ embrace ef the inquiry was no less restrained. “Thank God that so far as Penn- sylvania is concerned money will not be able to buy the senatorship of that great State,” he exclaimed. “The Senate will be commended by all right-thinking people for having authorized this investigation,” Mr. Davis said. * * * “More than af- fecting the primaries and elections immediately concerned, a great and permanent service will be done the country, as the youth of America will be able to understand that money can not buy public office and that public office still is a public trust.” Will Turn to Illinols. From Mr. Davis’ and Mr. Grundy’s statements it «becomes clear that everybody has had Pennsylvania all wrong. Pennsylvania is to be a focal point of interest, though, as a similar Sen- ate committee got a scalp there in 1926. It would seem that the committee’s first work, however, will be in Illinois inasmuch.as the primary is over out there. There have been published reports of heavy expenditures on the part of Mrs. Ruth Hanna McCor- mick in that primary and similar re- ports have reached senators. Mrs. McCormick has been quoted, however, as. saying that her affairs were in order for a scrutiny. Her father was quite an apostle of huge campaign funds. Senator Norris has tried to empha-’ size that his resolution is not aimed at any one, that he wants an investi- gation in his own State where he is up for reelection. Address by Wheeler. Senator Wheeler, of Montana, speaking over the National Radio Forum last night from Station WMAL charged that it was Mrs. Mc- Cormick’s father, Mark Hanna, who introduced the extensive use of money in political campaigns. , “In 1896,” he said, “one of the most successful national politicians this country has ever produced, Mark Hanna, whose daughter, Ruth Hanna McCormick, just received the Repub- lican nomination for senator in the State of Illinois, managed McKinley's campaign. He systematized and de- veloped a practice which was rooted deep in the soil of American politics, . namely, the practice of assessing cor- porations and business men who might be benefited or injured by legislative action. “The campaign fund of 1896 was unprecedented in its size and in the Continued on Page 5, Column 6, COMMITTEE IN FUNDS INQUIRY | tests. The — Senate committee appointed to heute into the cam- paign expenditures of senatorial candidates in this year's con- Above: (left to right) Senator Pittman, of Nevada, and Senator Goldsborough, of Maryland; of California, chairman; (below) Senator Patterson, of Missouri, and Senator Wagner, of New York. (center) Senator Johnson, TRADE BOARD MAKES PEACE WITH CROSBY Organization Pledges Help to New Commissioner in Annual Meeting. DIRECTORS ARE ELECTED Featured by a declaration. of.peace between the Washiiigton ‘Board of the District, Maj, Gen. Herbert B. Crosby, and a speech by Dr. William Allen Wilbur, provost of George Washington University, in which he said that suffrage in the National Capital would be a great handicap to education, the Board of Trade held its annual election meeting last night at the Willard Hotel. Coming as an aftermath to a stren- uous battle in which the Washington Chamber of Commer-s and several other organizations participated, a formal pledge of cooperation to Gen. Crosby and Dr. Luther Reichelderfer was expressed by E. J. Murphy, presi- dent of the organization. and also through enthusiastic applause of the board members. Both Gen. Crosby and Dr. Reichel- derfer were present at the meeting. They were presented to the Board of Trade members by E. C. Brandenburg, past president of the organization, and responded to the ovation with remarks “In which any direct refer- ence to their new duties was carefully avoided. Thus was ended the fight of the largest trade organization in the city to prevent the nomination of Gen. Crosby on the grounds that he is still an Army officer, though retired. Dr. Wilbur, speaking in the absence of Dr. Cloyd Heck arvin, presiMdent of George. Washington University, evoked applause with a stand that was in opposition to a pet ambition of the Board of Trade—suffrage . for the citizens of Washington. Dr. Wil- bur declared that the reason the Na- tional Capital is a good place for uni- versities is because the people don’t vote. Politics, the provost pointed out, would probably destroy the har- mony and quiet atmosphere that is imperative to education. “Party alignments and the result- ing atmosphere would be a great nui- Continued on Page 5, Column }. LAGUARDIA DEMANGS STEEL MERGER QUIZ Bethlehem Sheet and Tube Combine Plans Called Violation of Law. DELAY ON PROJECT SEEN ftAssociated Press.) Representative LaGuardia (Républi- can); New York, said yesterday that information being received by him indicated more strongly than ever that the proposed merger of the Beth- lehem Steel Corporation with the Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. was in violation of the antitrust laws. The New Yorker recently charged in the House that the proposed mer- ger would violate the Sherman anti- trust law. He introduced a resolu- tion demanding that Attorney Gen- eral Mitchell investigate the proposed consolidation. “Evidence being placed in my possession,” Mr. La- Guardia said, “warrants eourt action.” He declared he had been informed that large blocks of stock have been purchased by the Bethlehem Steel Corporation and that some stock had been purchased with cashier's checks. Asserting that some Youngstown stock had been bought at from 24 to 34 points above the market price, the New Yorker said it was “conclusive proof that it was being purchased for merger purposes only and not for speculation.” He said he understood a large block of stock sold by Lucian Ken- nedy had been. paid for by a cashier's check on the Union Trust Co. of Pittsburgh and added that the fact that it was paid for in that manner -}aroused suspicion. “If it is found that the Bethlehem Steel Corporation purchased any of the Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. stock with corporate funds, that is a clear violation of the Clayton act,” he said. Youngstown,.Ohin. April 10 (A.P.). Financial observers here tonight be- lieved that indefinite postponement Was in prospect for the merger of the Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. with the Bethlehem Stee! Corporation. They based their conclusions on a statement of Cyrus 8S. Eaton, Cleve- land financier and chief merger op- Continued on Page 4. Column 1. Law’s Jarring Note Mars Young Elopers "Symphony Virginia Couple Balked | at License Bureau by Police. The spring love song of Annic Elice Teele, 14-year-old schoolgirl of Marshall, Va., and Franklin William McIntyre, 19-year-old student of Rec- tortown, Va., fell flat late yesterday when the jarring notes of a police- man’s voice interrupted their mat- rimonial melody. The romance of the Teele gir! and McIntyre, which flourished in the rolling Virginia hills, would have culminated in their marriage here had not the parents of the gir! learned of their elopment. A telephone call to the District po- lice resulted in the stationing of two detectives at the License Bureau. Unaware of the discordant note in their plans, they rolled up into the District in a new car, which the pro- Continued on Page 7, Column 1. Survivor Of Giant Race Miss Elizabeth Peet, dean of Gal- laudet College, is the last member of the third generation of a fam- ily distinguished for their origi- nation and perfection of methods for teaching the deaf and dumb. A remarkable of the achievements of this gifted family has been assembled by David Kan- kin Barbee for publication in this coming Sunday's issue of The Post TABLOID MAGAZINE resume | NEW DISTRICT Unt oTART WORK AT ONCE Oath of Office Is Given to Dr. Reichelderfer and Maj. Gen. Crosby. PHYSICIAN SELECTED AS BOARD PRESIDENT Ceremony Inducting Two Commissioners Brief and Simple. CONTRACTS AWARDED AT INITIAL SESSION Officers Announce Intention of Studying Jobs Before Making Changes. (Picture on Page Two.) the District was brought into official existence without unnecessary cere- mony yesterday and immediately ve- gan to function as an official body. Dr. Luther Reichelderfer and Ma}. Gen. Herbert B. Crosby were sworn into office by Daniel E. Garges, secre- tary of the Board of Commissioners, a few minutes after 2 p. m., in the office of Commissioner Proctor L. Dougherty, retiring president of the Board of Commissioners. As s0on as the office could be cleared of those who came to witness the ceremony the new Board of Com- missioners met in executive session and on motion of Col. William B. Ladue, Engineer Commissioner, elected Dr. Reichelderfer president of the board and, on motion of Gen. Crosby, named Col. Ladue as the Commission- er to act as president in board meet- ings when Dr Reichelderfer is ab- sent. Contracts Are Awarded. The new board then approved the recommendation of Col Ladue that two pending contracts for the con- struction of sewers be awarded. One, for the construction of a service sew- er tn the’ vicinity of Piney Branch road and Sheridan street northwest, was awarded to W A. Pate, jr., low bidder, for $2,128.06: The other was awarded to the Warren F. Brenizer Co., low bidder, for construction of a replacement sewer in Third street, between Quackenbos and Sheridan streets northwest, for $6,317.08. Dr. Reichelderfer, it was decided, will occupy the office which has been used by Commissioner Dougherty, at the northeast corner of the District Building. Col. Ladue will retain his office at the southeast corner and Gen. Crosby will use the office at the northwest corner, which has been occupied by Commissioner Sidney F. Taliaferro. The new Commissioner will receive the department heads of the District government in Dr. Reichelderfer's of- fice at 10 o'clock this morning and then will settle down to what they described as a “study” of their jobs There was some general discussion of Continued on Page 2, Column 4. The new Board of Commissioners of | BAIT OW oAYS BUIDE PLANNED TOGETRAY FM U. S. Mining Man, Freed by Mexican Bandits, Files Report. TOWNSPEOPLE HAIL HIM ON HIS RETURN American Avers Release Was Expedited by Aviator. - — — — — CAPTORS FEARFUL OF FLIER PURSUIT He Taught Them Poker and They Gave Him Farewell Party, He States. Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico, April 10 (A.P.)}.—On the morrow of his re- lease from more than a month of captivity at the hands of bandits who held him for ransom, J. E. Bristow, | American mining man, in a complete report to Mexican military authori- | ties today accused the guide accom- panying him at the time of his cap- ture of having delivered him over to the bandits. Mr. Bristow affirmed that T. C. Fields, who had been hired as inter- preter and guide, had laid a kidnap- ing plot in concert with the Delgado bandits. He said the actions of Fields after the prospecting party had entered the bandit country on March 7 were suspicious, and he _ be- lieved Fields had tried to collect the ransom for himself. Shaved and dressed in his own clean clothes, Mr. Brist@°' today looked little the worse for his expe- rience. He declared that he felt fine, and that what he most wanted now was to clear up the connection of Fields with his kidnaping. Unktiown Filer Alarms Bandits, The droning of an airplane, piloted by a fellow American, who dropped close to his kidnapers’ volcano lair, was a strong factor in the release of J. E. Bristow. Lieut. H. W. Lucas, of Los Angeles, a former Navy filer, who now pilots a passenger plane between Tepic and Mexico City, tried to locate Mr. Bris- tow’s kidnapers early this week and for 20 minutes circled above the volcano, Ceboruco, where the bandits were hiding, without catching sight of them. Mr. Bristow revealed that Lieut. Lucas circled the actual bandit camp for some time and that the kidnapers feared they had been discovered. They were, therefore, inclined to hasten the ransom negotiations and to listen to argument for a much less ransom, as they did not know at what time government troops, ad- vised by the unknown filer, would sweep down On their retreat. Bristow Hailed by Mexicans. When Mr. Bristow reached Tepic late last night, there was great re- Continued on Page 4, Column 2. Wickersham Draws Lobby Quiz Criticism Caraway and Tinkham Say Hoover Law Enforce- ment Chairman Occupies “Absolutely Inde- fensible”’ Position With Diversity of Interests. —— (Associated Press.) Criticism of George W. Wickersham, chairman of the Hoover Law Enforce- ment Commission, for serving as chairman of the foreign policy com- mittee of the Federal Council of Churches while acting as attorney for international bankers, was voiced yes- terday before the Senate lobby com- mittee by Chairman Caraway and Representative Tinkham (Republi- can), Massachusetts. Senator Caraway said Mr. Wicker- sham was in an “absolutely indefen- sible position.” Representative Tink- ham commented that it seemed there was a “diversity of interests.” The name of Mr. Wickersham, who is a former Attorney General of the United States, was added to the long list of notables who have figured in lobby committee testimony while Rep- resentative Tinkham was demanding an investigation of the Federal Coun- cil, the Methodist Board of Témper- ance, Prohibition and Public Morals and the Antisaloon League. Noting that he had requested the information, the. Massachusetta repre- sentative said Mr. Wickersham had informed him of his chairmanship of the foreign policy committee of the Federal Council, and that either he or his firm had represented foreign cor- | porations and international bankers. |The law enforcement chairman re- tired several months ago as an offi- | cial of the council. “If these facts are of any interest or importance to you,” Mr. Wicker- sham wrote Representative Tinkham, “I cheerfully place them at your dis- posal.” “How dots he qualify as an officer of the Federal Council?” asked Sena- tor Blaine (Republican), Wisconsin. “I suppose because he is active in international business,” Representa- tive Tinkham replied. Representative Tinkham did not finish with his attack upon the Anti- saloon League and will appear again next week. The committee adjourned until Tuesday. Henry H. Curran, president of the Association Against the Prohibition Amendment, will tes- tify then. Later, representatives from the Federal Council, Methodist board and the Antisaloon League are expected to appear. The Federal Council has asked permission to testify in reply to Representative Tinkham’s charges and an opportunity will be given the Methodist organization if it desires to appear. Aiter renewing his charge that the Pederal Council and the Methodist Board of Temperance, Prohibition and Public Morals have Violated the prin- ciple of separation of church and state by politica] activities, the wit- ness, an outspoken wet, assailed the Antisaloon League for its methods in advocating prohibition. Reading from a book on prohibition by Justin Stuart, former publicity secretary to the late Wayne 5B. Continued on ‘Page 7, Column 4. TRIPLE NAVY TREAT IS AGREED UPON WITH d-POWER TRIMMINGS ® Detailed Figures of Navy Sizes Unde r Triple Pact ‘London, April 10 (A.P.)—Tho naval agreement to which the United States, Great Britain and Japan will subscribe soon will regulate the size of the fleets of these three powers for the next six years. It is understood that a clause pro- viding that it extend for that period and that any nation’s right to ex- pression of a new position at the next conference will not be preju- | diced will be placed in the treaty. | This will take care of Japan's conces- sions from the 10—10—-7 ratio val large cruisers she had claimed. The figures for the three nations will stand as follows: | United Great States. Britain. Japan. 15 15 Battleships Tc tal eet ton- o6 — | wee 559,800 208.900 , tak 500 192,000 +o 450 | 150.000 150.000 105.500 *52,700 52.700 52,700) age 8-inch cruiser 6-inch orulsers.. Destroyers Submarines Pci It must be borne in mind that be- | tween the United States and Great Britain will exist a so-called optional | clause, under which the transfer of cruiser tonnage on the basis of 30,000 | set out in the treaty under the so- been to leave Japan at or below her | present tons of 8-inch cruisers equaling 45,000 tons of smaller cruisers, will be per- mitted to operate. Thus within these maximums transfers will be permitted from large to amall! cruiser classes and vice versa. Other than ships definitely to be called displacement table, it has been agreed that the age limita will be set at 13 years for submarines, 16 for de- | Swoyers and 20 for cruisers. The re- |placement table will provide certain exceptions on age limits for Japan, and to a lesser degree for Great Brit- ain, in order to keep shipyards busy The result of the settlement has tonnages in all categories, with minor exceptions, and to effect reductions where found possible, with special emphasis on reduction in sub- Marine tonnage. Japan's figures will stand as fol- lows: Eight-inch cruisers, keeping her present 108,400 fleet: tons, 6-inob Continued on Page, 2. Column 2. LETTERMAN WORKS, DEOPITE flo ARREST Pratt Shifts Sergeant to Precinct Duty; Replaced by Aid in Raids. ARRAIGNMENT DUE TODAY Although .Sergt. Oacar J. Letter- man, chief of the police viee squad, Was arrested yesterday and released under $500 on a charge of unlawful entry in conducting a raid on the | apartment of Mr. and Mrs. Eleck | Harmon, on S street near Sixteenth | northwest, he was not suspended by Maj. Henry G. Pratt, supecintendent of police. Instead, he was transferred to his old position of sergeant at the First Precinct. Detective Richard J. Cox, second in command of the vice squad, was named temporary successor of Sergt. Letterman, despite the fact that he | pérticipated in the warrantless raid | Sergt. Letterman was immediately | granted five days’ leave of absence, but he was not suspended and will not be before the outcome of the charges. Maj. Pratt said that the charges against him boiled down to over-zealousness and involved several controversial legal points. No moral turpitude is charged, he said, and consequently there is no justification for suspending the officer. The former vice squad ieader wil be arraigned today in the United States branch of Police Court Preparation of formal charges on which Letterman will be given a hearing before the Police Trial Board in the same case were completed yes- terday and signed by Maj. Pratt. The case will be ready for trial Wednesday, but it will likely be post- poned if court charges are still pend- ing at that time. Sergt. Letterman was in the Police Court when the warrant was ordered issued by Assistant United States At- torney Charlies B. Murray, and im- mediately made bond of 8500. Issuance of the warrant followed | lengthy discussion of the case be- tween Mr. and Mrs. Harmon and Mr | Murray and United States Attorney Leo A. Rover and Mr. Murray. Mrs. Harmon swore to the warrant. The exact charge as contained the warrant says: “* * * in Continued on Page 4. Column 1. |opposition which may develop in the ‘inch gun cruisers already authorized ils essential to national defense. Even | before the London conference met, it ‘of that program would come under scrutiny when a treaty finally was | President Hoover counts on the effect of concessions | powers to overcome any such objec- | the United States now has in opera- | tion | practically | strength. | more than offset abandonment of the | five 10,000-tonners, so that under the PARLEY AGREEMENT MEETS HOOVER AIM President’s Desire for Big Ship Holiday Reflected; Cruiser Plans Cut. — — — — — SENATE VIEW IN DOUBT (Associated Press.) The, new limitations of naval ton4 | nage disclosed yesterday in Loution | reflect President Hoover's desire for a | battleship holiday and for a prepon- derance of the 8-inch gun type of crulsers, but they also mean a modi- fication of the big-cruiser program laid down by Congress. It was about this latter point that most of the preconference contro- versy centered, and it is upon this provision of the agrement that any Senate is expecetd to focus. Big navy advocates have insisted that construction of the 23 10,000-ton &- was disclosed that any modification submitted for Senate ratification. made by the other tion. While some features of the London agreement remain undisclosed, figures contained in yesterday's dispatches from London indicate that the United States would build but eight- een of the 10,000 tonners, abandon- ing the five which were to have been laid down last. Only two ships of this type now are in operation Eleven others are in various stages of construction. The remaining ten of the building program of 23 still are in the future. Of the smaller, 6-inch gun cruisers but ten ships, totaling 70,500 tons. Under the agreement, the total American small cruiser tonnage would be 143,500, which would mean doubling the existing In tonnage this would | agreement the total American cruiser Continued on Page 4. Column 3. Jilting of Amos ’n’ Andy’s — > | Private Life | | | These fabulous figures of the radio are, it seems, human beings a! mest like the rest of us—with wives. children, homes and the like. “Chat Campana” will give an inti- mate account of the private life of these which will prove both entertaining two famous characters, and informative, in a special arti- cle to appear in the Tabloid Maga- zine of this week's SUNDAY POST $25,000 Ba 2 | Adelaide Charlies Kaufman, a Detroit banker. was today awarded $25,000 by a jury charged tha; years old, planned to get, him to to Assuage Grandmother Divorced Wife of Bankers’ Asked $250,000 Millionaire, 67. 10 (A.P.).—Mrs. divorced wife of New York, April Lean, 58, in supreme court in her $250,000 breach - of - promise suit against Charles F. Harman, 67-year-old mil- lionaire bachelor. The jury, after deliberating only a few hours until 5 p. m., yesterday reached its decision then and left a sealed verdict, which was opened to- day. 7 Counsel man, who »has Lean and her friend, Mrs. Lena Turner. now 70 for marry Mrs. Lean so that. could | live on his bounty, moved te. “aside ‘London Parley Will End Soon in Part Failure, Part Success. U. S., BRITAIN, JAPAN - FINISH AGREEMENT, Terms Being Drafted; Rapidan Figures Are Used as Basis. FRENCH AND ITALIANS TO CONTINUE TALKS — — —— — — Will Join Pact Reached by Other Three Nations to Limited Extent. By JOHN L. BALDERSTON, London, April 10 (N.Y.W.NS.).— The London naval conference will wind up, probably at a plenary ses- sion next Tuesday, with a three- power pact with some five-power trimmings. The European nations rep- resented at this parley have been uf- able to settle their controversies, but Great Britain, the United States and Japan have completed an agreement, though not the text of it, limiting their fleets in all classes of fighting ships. Following a day of feverish activity among all delegations, Prime Minis- ter MacDonald in the House of Com- mons tonight announced the result of the conference, part failure and part success, and expressed hope for signature of a treaty at a plenary session early next week. He sald: “I wish to make a very brief—it must be brief wnder the circum | stances—statement on what has hap- a at the naval confqzence today. Pact Annoynced, “tT — ae forenoon a4 reached between iar Gas United States, Japan and Great Britain on a naval program including all categories of ships. The terms of the agreement are now being drafted, but they fol- low very closely those figures aB- nounced last September and October during the negotiations with the United States and show substantisl reductions. A ‘white paper’ will Be prepared (an official government document). ' “From time to time since the opening of the conference, various pdints of disagreement that have held up prog- ress toward disarmament have been settled, and these, it is hoped, brought together in one instrument, will be signed by the five powers. “The differences in the naval f- quirements of France and Italy have proved to be intricate, and at a meet- ing early this evening between the French, Italian and British delegates it was decided that as such substan- tial agreements had been come to, it was both unnecessary and undesirable to keep the full body of delegates sit- ting in London pending the settle- ment of difficulties which primarily concerned the three delegations only. Adjournment to Be Proposed. “And so we shall propose at a plen- ary session, to be held early next week, that the agreement now come | to shall be sipned, and the conference adjourned on the understanding that France, Italy and ourselves shall con- tinue efforts to come to an agreement in unison with that which has been reached between the United States, Japan and ourselves.” In answer to a question from Star- ley Baldwin, Conservative leader, as to when the “three-power agrecment, pact or treaty, or whatever name you like to give it” would become effective; the Labor premier replied: “With regard to putting the agree- ment in force | am not familiar with the machinery provided by the Jap- anese constitution, but it will have to go before the Senate of the United States, which 1 suppose will be done as speedily as possible. “And so far as we are con if it should emerge in the form of & NEWS of SUBURBAN Washington and the - Surrounding the verdict on the the grounds that ty ‘Continved on Faas, Coun a * * oF" — ae ? * eat Sari ee Pont *82 8 —— — — om * om ee py el _—. a _ — ~ Te Se ale a 5 eT wy ne * Pei 5 a5 2 Ps ; he a4 8* J a " * — v Ye ~ ‘ rer we — ete weet oS hae " Le ® J » oP Se ahs AEG } reuse -S to nye? to stele ale F * ‘aoa. i — — — - Pep aid * SM Se ‘ sy ep — PY ee * — on ee —— — ig *