St. Louis Post-Dispatch
February 16, 1919

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ern iy iC PAGE RUARY 16, 1919. Coprrizht, 1919 by Goldberg.) ? t. 1919, by fark Reg, U nn . Wisher . Office.) a4 o--- . m so enna ~ looking lad of 19, sident?’ hat so?’ asked the boy, re- ly. Then he added, : I'll sell my chanee for ae "Pittsburg Chronicle Tel Ss oe Iways Bou ean + oe = | ; | Problem of Discontented Soldiers. . a ee ———— 7 s a ‘that overt this country has a chance ae a ® MPistinguished Knglish Author, Now in This Country, Is Very Shy ebout with little, futile TH expect to ‘get’ me in a # single “# said, in gentle depreca- ton. ' does {t mean? _ #8 you say, one of many unrests, and there is no 4 his own, mind better, and possibly his real inter- | | ests lees well; ' Safety, to be impatient of anything that seems to him | | Injustice, : _ it England a problem that you do not have in _ America, in anything like- so serious a form at | feel in a way cut off from those who have noi. feels that he has bee q disabled soldiers. | their sense of this. a that doesn't equalize things. : * sorbed into a large a ‘important to do evervthing possible for these) m clique feeling among them.” | Parent effort, a ®Mazed to see that his hands were trembling with } F Rervousness. Besson is not present to lay her hand én’ times for us,’ 4 ong eis eli AN . er, - . oo Or a UNDAY JL. ours POST mail) aS SRS: An Unusual o * «num * * a® With John Interview at Talk- ing Off Hand for Publication and Call$ on His ‘“‘Canned’”’ Notes to elp Him Out—But, in His Confusion, He Does Not Forget t6 Do a/ Galsworthy it‘of Good Press Agenting by Mentioning His Newest Book. * By ELIZABETH ESKEY, A Staff Correspondent of the Post-Dispatch. , NEW YORK, Feb. 15. , OHN GALSWORTHY sat uncomfortably’ Jesore the silk cushions on a big settee in ( fhe parlor of the Hotel Chatham. His fingers | played nervously with a silk tassel, twisting it? 111 “And do you have a photograph?” I asked. He looked as helpless as a lost child. “I don't know. I'll ask her,” he sald. “She,” Mrs. Galsworthy, above mentioned, upstairs with what he termed a “wretched cold.” “And what movements of his hands. He is a long, thin, worn-looking man, with the high forehead and look of fine reserve familiar to the public in his photographs, Just tlien his expres- gon .was a_ curious blend of humor and helplessness and some thing akin to pani& “You Know, you can’t on the boat,” he said. He returned with a sheaf of typewritten papers, and their pres- | ence in his hand seemed to give him comfort. “Now the Sanger be- noes the war,” he said, | “was that there were. two forms ment among rious nations. tocratic was on plane and =the cratic on another. These two never did and never could understand each other. For the moment Governments are now on a single plane. But the danger is—we have the in- stance of Russia—that democracy, unless it is founded. on an educated and responsible elec- JOHN GALSWORTHY. torate, is liable _— under dictatorship. Would you like to ‘copy this paragraph?” he broke off, holding out the manuscript. the va- The au- one demo- interview,” he “You oan’t get Wnybody in a single in- terview. You have my books, and my books are me.”” This last with a fine disregard for the conventions of syntax. “Besides,” he added, in an apologetic tone, “I-— 1 express myself with very great’ difficulty. _ “But wo want you to make a pera ition of the I per- sisted. “All this social, political ond industrial } unrest, of which the papers are now full. W hat | Where are we going?” “I don’t think anyone is sure where we are | going,” he said, with a smile. After a few mo-) ments of thought, he continued: “I suppose | you want to know whether the end of all this) , change is going to be- anarchy or a real democ- with a barely perceptible stiffening, and looked racy. I think’—he paug.d and ¥eighed the ( out from under his forehead-with a twinkle of words, and then repeated them—“I think that in) bett-satistaction that was very comic. England and America the end is going to be’ ‘pte you let me take the manuscript?” ! pleaded. democracy. a . | He looked aghast. “No, indeed, { [ Keeps His Interviews Canned. ] As I read the trenchant sentences he sat up, ly.. “If you took it I shouldn't be able to say anything to anyone else.’”’ So I copied down these | sentences: “The period we which we are entering upon is, to be worth anything, is neither rabble nor government by cau- cus. Its measure as a beneficent principle is ‘ the measure of intelligence, honesty and inde- / pendence of the average voters. The voter who | goes to the polls blind of one eye-and with a cast in the other is not precisely the sort of ultimate power we want. Democracy, to be real and effective, must ‘throw up into positions of administrative power the most trustworthy citi- zens. What can be done to insure that the av- erage voter becomes trustworthy, honest and I might say that we have ( independent? Nothing - be ( education—the arts, the schools, they are fine the future will be fine. so Ww » future be. least. The war has made a division in our pop- =p ede il] the fut ; there is a better Wation. Those who hav 2n through the war ° ho have bet . ‘a real democracy in England and America than \in any other nations. They set more store by the th Bing eet ON ‘independence of the individual than other na- ve) ‘ "e Wes pins thing which the “a of 2 --eshe Reine ane’ \tions. This independence is a part of their in- Pg = combativeness. If America and Great rained is Sposte eet os tato ie “sips nia et | Britain will understand each other, and hold to- Special pocket of unrest is formed 5! } gether, they may succeed in making democracy the five or six hundred thousands more gr less | ns eetiaiies aad tenloun genuine for the world. ; ome ex; ) ee Ore ‘\ policies separate them, who can say what the ten . , . t a class apart, and it is difficult to remove | future may % Te You can give them a pension, | Doesn't Forget His New Book. | Here in Amer- } with “Democracy, = V I Vv general Yormula to cover them. Everything is) 2°V¢™ment b: broken up. And the unrest of the returned sol- dier {s particularly dynamic and to be reckoned with, The English soldier was not a lamb before the war. He returns a restive fellow, knowing, he will in the future play Jess for ) since safety has become to him a civilian ( sort of thing, rather contemptible. He {s going } “In this connection, the press. If If they are ( mean, chance of reaching However much the soldier may disguise it, he your small number of wounded will be ab-; population; still, it is most} this war. poetry, “Do you’think,” [ asked, “that its new ideals, will be followed by) as was the French Revolution?’ “The ideals are not new,’ he the spade-work needed to realize them that will he new, and, in my experience, spade-work does not inspire.” He rose and shook hands with me “Much of all this” he said, “you will ‘Another Sheaf,’ a book of mine which was pub- lished by Scribners’ a few days ago. Go around the corner and get a copy of it, and use what- \ ever you Wish.” The book*does indeed contain the information - embarrasses Him. } ’ : | ‘at struggling to elicit. It contains otber P ) a iad i = oy wront a i ¢ it Men, to remove as far as possible this dangerous | without ap- ) replied. “It is was | lowed stopped | Once started. his speech and when he I had read of his shyness on the; pation of his last visit to America in 1912, when | fame over to see the production of “The | | Pave’ in Winthrop Ames’ Theater. At that | - time he almost succeeded in eluding newspaper | _ Mblicity. kindly. find in \“matters aiso. A few paragiaphs will serve to suggest some of the other qualitics in the man. the proner lever, he sometimes has trouble) Notice {he unobstrusive humor in this jotting peering the big engine of bis brain. ) from “Englishman and Russian” * Buddenly he arose. “tf vou will excuse me for “What we ought to envy in Russians is a sort a Moment,” he said. “'! “have some notes up-( of unworldliness—not the feeling that this world: l get so confused I don't know what I) | is the preliminary of another, nothing 80 com- ~Gontinued on Page Ten. Someone onée noticed the fact that when Mrs. dreadful pictures of her, the photographers took, | i ‘in theory, half of govern-| the recent world decision. he said firm-— waked in 1870, done except by) z; / mechanical! force argument with the guns recently laid upon, Suggest St. Louis or Kansas City, the union sata-j) A hese eeeneinoeesage eee - eee ee — ST. LOUIS, SUNDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 6, 1919, ‘MetzaS ets “ ° . . 7 2. —_ - ymbol olf . . . . al —_— * eo, ,° - — - Aleace-licersine’ S Woes’ Simonds Tells of. Visit to City The Hideous Thing That Germany, With Her Mechanieally Superior, but. Utterly Soulless Civilization, Is and Has Done Is Written All Over That City, Free After 50 Years of Bondage. ” ss By FRANK H. SIMONDS, ‘The Post-Dispatch’s Military Critic Who Is in Paris to Comment on the Peace Council | Proceedings. PARIS, Feb. 12, 191). tion of any one of our great American cities, is dealing with theories of world reconsfruc-{ lossal ugliness, a station adequate for the needs Lion, with the ushering in of a new w rld,,) of a city of half a million inhabitants, ithe upon a town of little more than 56,000. And mile on all directions, behind the facade of a structure done in the familiar ar mory architecture of the latter period of Willtam McKinley, stretch endless tracks and structures, all colossal, and a vast crea- tion surmounted by: a statue of Roland, bearing the personal features of the recent German Goy- ernor. From te station comes into a broad nue leading in all direc- tions, an avenue flanked by still other colossal buildings, hotels, postof- fice, banks, all in the same beetlé& brown, impressively ugly style we know as modern German. But each build- ing, each broad avenue, hideous in itself is an un- mistakable monyment to T THE moment when the peace conferpnce } stretching block on block, in towering and co- was A: bestowed it has been my good fortune, through courtesy of the French Government, to see the old being restored, not but in fact, in Alsace-Lorraine, and | particularly in Metz. I have seen older civiliza- tion, Latin culture, reoc- cupying territory lost a century ago, re- /turning to its monu- ments still undestroyed. There, and not in Paris or in London, one must look to see the effect of mile, in impressive city in Europe during the war or in the world before as is Metz today. Hating the German thing all my life, I have never understood it half as well as in this tragic town re- called from the grave, still incredulous of its deliverance, hope and fear still struggling, a prisoner newly come from an underground cell after half a cen- tury of torture. And you have the sense in Metz that Germany may come again. The very solidity of his build- ings, the very extensiveness of his con- structions, foster the illusion. It was not the military caste or the imperial master who worked here; it was the race, expressing its purpose relentlessly and with absolute confidence. Rome restored the barriers of the Rhineland against these same barbarians, but they passed it still again. You have the sense of two civilizations in lock at MetZ, of the German once more in re- treat, but still resolved in his _in- scrutable heart to return to conquer, imprison and tyrannize again.—FRANK H. SIMMONDS. German efficiency and ' the totality of effect is ‘3 unescapable. It is as if ' the German had resolved that the mass of buildings should as. a chorus exclaim to the 4 | HAVE seen‘ no such interesting or one uve- Ard in Metz even more than in any devastated area or any contested battlefield—and [I have seen most of both—one feels the magnitude of the thing that was yes- terday the German em- pire on the march, and may be the German re- public on the march to- morrow. In Lille, in Douai, in cities recently relinquished after four years’ occupation, signs of the German occupation are everywhere. There is the consciousness of a great and \ malign spirit recently exercised, but after all ts} visitor, ‘Damn you, stop! You must see that Metz stay was brief, and French life, French spirit, is | is German, that Germany is greater than every- rapidly reasserting itself. thing else.’ But in Metz it is different. It is rather te I do not know any words that I can use to an arm, long bound, restrained in a plaster cast; ) give the effect, the startling, almost terrifying, the familiar difficulty of first movements, the > completeness of this first effect. Neither Ham- excruciating pain, the uncertainty of peeweciiend, burg nor Berlin nor Munich would seem half as are to be seen in this Lorraine town. Metz is a) defiantly German as Metz seemed from the rail- living part of France again today,, but it {s yet {| road quarters, seemed from the region of the new suffering from long restraint. Its life reopens,) town, where the German had thrown down the but with great difficulties. walls of Vaubon, leveled bridges, swept off all » familiar landmarks and erected monument after [ ces te 1870 anit dul ‘ monument to the = German god of efficiency. To be sure the Frenchman even in these regions. In a most dreadfully im- occupation that one must first observe. Here) Pressive avenue, with its rows of goose-stepping 50 years ago was a little city as French as Tours, “¢rman mansions, until recently the home of or Orleans. a garrison town with a history going } German Generals and Colonels on the retired list, hack to Roman times, with /forts dating from/ Who came to Metz to grow old amidst proud re Vauban. In its population there was not a Ger- | minders of conquest by sword and by stone, in man and there had not been for centuries. In, ‘ this avenue, which yesterday bore the name of 1870 Metz was a sleepy little French town, po- / Kaiser Wilhelm II, derived from a statue’ now litically and economically nothing, militarily im-) disappeared, the French have hung a sign, portant, because, like Verdun, !t covered the road{ Avenue Marshal Foch.” But the touch of frony to the heart of France. Out of this calm Metz) {8 Slight. One feels rather sorry for the Mar- for those terrible days when he.) shal in such @ strange street. And beyond the zaine blundered and one of the finest armies | railroad quarter, by avenues which narrow as they + advance, one marches to a broad square, where, in lineliness, Marshal Ney for half a century has Hstened to German bugles and reviewed German regiments, until the happy hour still recent when Marshal Petain took his stand beside his great heavy, has come back, Yet it is not the material side of the German France ever possessed was thrown away, or rather permitted to die of inanition; and then; the German came pouring in by all roads, north | and south, west and east, and bringing with him ( iis familiar “green map” and learned professors | with their musty documents to prove that Metz So far the : ty was German land, while the soldier came to en-{ fUrning to Metz. | } everywhere, the German mailed fist unmistakable, in buildings, in streets. German hand is Paris. , Fase: barracks, And now, after half a century, the storr of | German occupation lies open to the traveler. : More than.this, there is disclosed clear and un- } mistakable evidence of. what the German meant \ to do to all of us in time, perhaps still means to} plunges into familiar, do, for in Metz as nowhere else in all his con-({ set around with an architecture of Verdun or quered lands the German expressed his soul, o1 Toul, sights and even smells of France, [| know his lack of soul; his materialism, his doctrine of) of no more sudden shock—for a mile efficiency. Poor, half-strangled, to- ( station to the monument Germany, nothing but is just beginning to peer) Germany—then of a sudden one crosses years of German; tier, as impressive as the canyon to,supply enduring evidence of what!.tone and Italy. Following the narrow, If you would understand him | streets, one arrives in a moment in the main The whole story is there. place, and above one in all {ts delicate and grace- ): ful tracery rises the Metz Cathedral, as beautiful (tore Defiantly, German Than Berlin But across the square France begins again. One narrow. .winding streets, from the a fron Men winding tally suppressed Metz out from the darkness of 50 between domination. the German means. altogether, go to Metz. | Station Suggests St. Louis And this is the story as vou will find it. Re-( instant is the contrast—the member Metz of 1870, a little French town hud-) with its towering and flaunting died charming cathedral, leaning on\| German quarters, With their spacious hideous the its Moselle canals, picturesque, | ness, and at the other end of Metz the Cathedral, insanitary, impregnable to progress: or) in its typically French square, with all the charm, doctrine of efficiency, beautiful alike in the simplicity, the inconsequence, the appeal to ite, in surroundings, beautiful itself as all French) the senses which are reached by the beautiful as provincial towns are, but beautiful with the spirit( contrasted with the challenge of the brusque, im- nd atmosphere, which came up in remote times) perilous, dominating part of the German world be- from the Mediterranean. hind. I wish 1 could make clear how much of al! Now, by contrast, the traveler who comes to) the story of the German idea, the German pur- Metz finds this: First of all, he arrives at the; pose, is revealed, forced upon one, by a simple railroad station which, to the American, will! promenade from the Metz depot to the Metz Ca- Continued on Page Nine. sc ‘as any cathedral in all France,-and as French as ; \ Rheims was, or Amiens, remains and there in an railroad ugliness, the about its banks of quaint, the new predecessor and reviewed the French army re-'| Distinguished Service Cross, and Lieut. Campbell, message through heavy shell fire to another part palkew ait 2 22 a PAGES 1—14 es = — 3 me aA rc _— -«— tA RE a ee ON What Our ‘Negro Soldiers - . . e > ._ 7 ee 7 - —— ® ™ . . . . . - ad ae - 7 o-— - .* . : . * . * Did in the Great War HlHottest of the Itself—Croix Ninety-Second, Trained at Funston, Went Into the Argonne Ifighting on Nov. 10 and Gave Fine Account of de-Guerre for an Entire Colored Battalion. i si s > The purpose was to draw direct fire machine guns and, by watching, locate its tion. from tye* | WASHINGTON, Feb. 15. r is now possible to take stock of the con- posi Jor of our negro soldiers in the war and re- port from the official records their n®@table | work and heroic achievements. The total gum- ) three of \his men to aceal out and flank the ma- ber of. negra combat a sent to France was | chine grin on one side, while he and two others 42,000. It is of primary ‘interest to St. Louis | 5 : ns ans that the only negrd division that.went over | — ot ee 6 ) The brush was shaken more violently by the intact was the Ninety-second, trained at Camp | Funston and consisting’in part of St. Louis and The Germans, their eyes focused on Missouri drafted men. It was commanded by) the brush, poured a hail of bullets into it. Lieut. Major-General Charles G. Ballou. The compan) Campbell gave the signal. The flanking party commanders were all negroes, and the field of-) @ashed up; with their hand grenades they killed ficers all white. } four of the boches and captured the remaining In addition to this division, fodr regiments the machine gun. of the Provisional Ninety-third Division alse went over. These units are, of course, all exclusive of the thousands of noncombatant negro units ; that were sent to France to serve in pio- neering and engineer- ing work. Negro troops fought valiantly at Chateau- Thierry, Soissons, on the Vesle, in Cham- pagne, in the Argonne, and in the final attacks in the Metz region. The entire first battalion of the S67th Infantry- “Buffaloes” -— was awarded the Croix de Guerre for heroism in the drive on Metz. Most remarkable of all, they received their baptism of battle in this attacks, at the start they won honors which veterans of} many conflicts have failed to capture. | The ruse worked. Lieut. Campbe!! then ordered secret rope. ‘ three-—also In the larger bodies ‘of colored troops, from the regiment to tbe division, the particlpation of the negro soldiers naturally divides itself into two parts.on account of the way they were sent over. The negro df vision, composed of drafted men, did not get into action until right at the last, but fn- dividual regiments did. The four regiments that went over first were composed of old National Guard units recruited up to the re quired quota. These were the 369th, 370th, Siist and 372d Infantry Regiments, afterward organized into the Pro- visional Ninety-third Division. Until Just be- fore the last days of the fighting, however, they were brigaded separately with French troops. In previous engagements of the war, for dis-' Three of these regiments, the 369th, the 371st and tinguished service, three negro regiments as the S72d, have recetved the high honor of the units were awarded the Croix de Guerre, which )} Croix de Guerre from the French Government for bestows on each member the right to wear the( distinguished service. Sixty-one officers and coveted badge. When the fighting stopped the; men of the 370th have been similary decorated. negro troops were nearest the Rhine. Here is the fighting record of one of these ) regiments, sandwiched among the French forces ) —the 372d. It was the first to go over. Prac- tically all its line officers, as well as privates, were colored. | . They arrived in France on April 14 and went into training With the French on April 28. On June 6 the 372d was sent to the trenches Just west ,of Verdun occupying- the famous battleswept Hill 304 and sections at Four de Paris and Vau- quois. On Hill 304 thousands of French and Ger- man soldiers had fallen as the battleline swung back and forward, and that this hill was given to )the negroes to bold shows that as soldiers they had already won the confidence of the French, ) “The regiment's first engagement was in the ,Champagne sector, with *Montoir as its objective. Here came the real test; the colored men were ‘eager to get into the fight. They cheered and ‘sang when the announcement came that their chance had arrived —but the question was: back of their enthusiasm had they the staying quall- ties drilled into European troops thruogh cen- turies of training In the science of warfare?’ The answer was that some of the heaviest and most effective fighting of the day was done by Lieut. Robert L. Campbell of the same com-\ the negro regiment. From Juny 6 to Sept. 10 the pany sprang to the rescue, He dashed acrose the) 372d was stationed in the bloody Argonne Forest, shell-swept space, picked up the wounded private, ( On the night of Sept. 25 they were summoned to and, with the Germans fairly hailing bullets) take part in the Argonne offensive and were in around him, carried his man back to the American that terrific drive, one of the decisive engage- nee. ments of the war, from Sept. 26 to Oct. 7. In the For the valor shown both were cited forthe; ..., days’ battle the negroes not. only proved their fighting qualities in an ordeal such as men in addition, was recommended for a captaincy. ( pave rarely been called upon to face, but these Another gingle detail, taken from this same ' qualities, in deadly striking power and stubborn company. ( resistance in crises, stood out with such diatine- John Baker, tion that the regiment won the coveted Croix de “Stars and Stripes’ ”’ Tribute to Negroes “p ROBABLY the hardest fighting dohe by any Americans in the final hour was that whi h en- gaged the troops of the Twenty-eighth, Ninety-second, Eighty-first and Seventh Divisions of the Second American Army, who launched a fire-eating attack above Vigneulles just at dawn on the 11th, It was no mild thing that last flare of the battle, and the order to cease firing did not reach the men in the front line until the last moment,’ when the runners sped» with it from fox hole to fox hole.” « Negro &s Individual Fighter Not until now has the story as a whole of | the part played by our negro (poops in France, been available. To describe the colored man as a- fighter in a war which, because of tbe terrible weapons used, called for more pure nerve than any other war, three ways present themselves: to | show the negro in individual exploits, then in a regiment, engaged separately with white troops, and finally, to show him in a battle in a division entirely composed of men of his own race. Here is an indiviudal exploit: The 368th Infantry, colored, fought in the Ar- gonne. It became necessary to send a runner | with a message to the left flank of an American ‘| firing line. The way was across an open field : swept by heavy enemy machine gun fire. Volunteers were called for. Private Edward Saunders of Company I responded. Before he had gone far a shell cut him down. Ag he fell, he cried to his comrades: “Someone come and get this message. I wounded.’ am , ( having volunteered, was taking a | Guerre. struck his hand, tearing } : | Took 600 Prisoners in Day unfaitering, de- During the battle they aided in capturing 690 prisoners, 15 big gun’, 20 minenwerfera, rounded up an enormous amount of engineering material, laftge supplies of artillery munition, and brought down three German airplanes. For these achierve- ments they were at once cited for bravery and efficiency: in the General Orders issued Ay their French commander. The casualty list of the ‘272d in this and the previous fighting carried 500 names of men killed, wounded and gassed. of his line. A _ shell away part of it, but the negro, livered the message He was asked why he did not seek aid for his ¢ wounds before completing the journey. “IT thought the message might contain informa- - tion that would save lives,” was the answer. Robert L. Campbell, a with their rifles, Under the same Licut. few negro soldiers, armed only trench knives and hand grenades, picked up from shell holes along the way, were moving over a road fn the Chateau-Thierry sector. Suddenly their course was crossed by the firing of a Ger-, man machine gun. They tried to locate [t by, ' ; a ¢ the direction of the bullets, but could not. To/ A”other regiments record that of the 369th, their right, a little ahead, lay a space covered with ; formerly the Fifteenth New York, commanded thick underbrush; just back of {t was an open Y Col. William Hayward, ex-Public Service Com field. ’ missitoner—-reflects as high a credit on the sok \ dlerly qualities of the negro race. The 369th ) was in the Champagne offensive as a part of the ¥ How Negro Outwitted Germans s Fourth Army, commanded by Gen. Gouraud, @ * few miles west of the Argonne Forest. These are the direction) Col. Hayward’s own words describing the drive that tried out his men: pak “At 6:25 a. m. the assault was launched, an assault that kept assaulting so far as our dirt sion was concerned for 12 days, in which we crossed rivers, captured towns, cut aud climbed through acres &nd acres of barbed wire entangle Continued on Page Eleven. f[ieut. Campbell, who knew by of the bullets that his party had not been seen by | the Germans, ordered one of bis men, with a rope) they kBappened to have, to crawl to the / underbrush, and tie the rope to several) stems of the brush; then to withdraw ase far as / possible and pull the rope, making the brush | shake as though men were crawling through it./ which thick aed wy = Png Si tage alt A aan aR t Foe ag ah fe 28 on MI we GEOR Le age wr. aiates RAO eG ie“! + LRP IO LESS BS A AG AD TONE DID OE RACES Sy RR tA Raina LOL PREIS OBE Lea UN at tat, ® BIR. 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