St. Louis Post-Dispatch
February 20, 1916
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- SUNDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 20, 1916. pie es aiaee COREE een =e eee eT) CO eee eT” UBLIC OPINION ange eer }- m8 WO . AA Digest of the Sest Edrtorral «ii Comment and /nformationon Public | ) ~~ Questrons prepared especially for the = Readers of the Sunday Post Dispatch, 5 Pes ». Sete Iewe Ao Ae pein sie Coat pay me M33 “aaa ead > a.tae ay NBs ee ea tat. te? Aw* « i— . = Oe ee ee ee Le * ™ oe ete « 3 eT eae ae eT e™ Se ne ae MV ! Sa V0 NY ’/ A | ae A > ‘ ; 3 = 4 ¥ & F i 3 F anks Lincoln, who died bin birth, was the first Bush i wife, was from WKen- the only mother Lincoln Lincoln. Sarah commenced weeping. t she would never see y, mother?’ he asked. you are such a good rill kill you.’ He little > he was assassinated. ING MIRRORS, °' L Co. in spots, you to repair. m it requires is formula American Cyclope-" While —If mirror is th part to be sai ‘spot a piece of tinfoil area to be recovered air out smoothly let drop of metallic mer- bit of chamois cloth illian Place a whole piece of glass two solu- | wet, on top ution will be the more days. will silver 16-inch i to stand 2’ ROVES.—38 is not too n to take a business business qu } of employmen tion. sieak. we __ § SHOOT FIRST, INVESTIGATE AFT- _ Philadelphia Inquirer: Germany THE COFFEE HABIT. —Donnell in St. Louis Globe-Democrat. : Threat to Sink “Armed” Merchant Ships THE RIGHT OF DEFENSE. ° Philadelphia Ledger: To deny to the mer- chantmen of the allies a right never before dis- puted, to intern them as warships if they entered | American ports armed, to-say, in short, that sub- | marine attacks are justified, and that no defense | against them is to be permitted, is to proclaim to ' all the world an abandonment of every principle | of honesty in our international relations. | AT MERCY OF THE SUBMARINE. New York Sun: If a merchant vessel carry- q ing American passengers, and also carrying de- _ fensive armament, according to the right recog- _ nized by previous practice and admitted by our 4 State Department in a note to the German Gov- | @mment only 15 months ago, is at the mercy of a P German submarine, the decision as to the vessel’s | status will rest in every instance with the com- fF mander of the submarine. : chantman and of the Americans aboard will de- “@ end either upon the accuracy of that individual's @ ‘information or upon the good faith of his pro- ' teedings. If he believes or persuades himself to _ seem to believe that the ship is armed, he will | sive no warning, take no measures for the safety | 9 the neutral noncombatants. After the new » German rule goes into effect he will sink the ves- telat sight. If he makes a mistake at the cost of _ American fives his mistake will be irreparable. | SUNK SHIPS TELL NO TALES. _ Philadelphia Record: After the vessel has _ been sunk the question whether she carried guns _ Would be merely an isgue of veracity between her | Officers dnd those of the submarine that sank ' her. No examination of the wreck would be pos- | sible. If the steamer should survive the attack it | Would be possible to charge that she had guns | When attacked, but they were subsequently | thrown overboard, or the officers of the subma- | tine could make affidavits that they saw distinctly | What they believed to ‘be guns, and therefore _ thought it was not safe for them to approach the > _. ERWARDS. res and Austria _ have both given notice that on March 1 they will Destin to treat armed merchantmen as war ves- tela, That is to say, they will attack and tor- at sea? « THE RIGHT TO TRAVEL. The fate of the mer- sideration it deserves, one, we should imagine, which is bound to have a good deal of influence commerciaily and industrially. If merchant ships are to be'treated as belligerents they will be de- nied the use of neutral ports. One can readily see how serious a blow would thereby be dealt to trade with the allies.- Virtually the carrying trade of the Atlantic is in the hands of the enteute. The proportion that goes abroad in American bot- tums is very small. Consider the congestion that would arise if shippers should be unwilling to take the risk of using belligerent ships. For all that they would necessarily start from this side unarmed, who is to guarantee that a submarine might not choose to believe that they had armed Washington Times: President Wilson, it is reported, proposes to warn American citizens not to travel on armed merchant vessels. Well, sup- pose he does? American citizens will have just as much right then as they have now to travel in any merchant ship they please. He can’t for- feit their rights to the freedom of the seas, or their national right to be defended by the United States Government in the exercise of their inter- national rights on the high seas. If American citizens are traveling in ships in which they have the right to travel, going where they have the right to go under all the sea prac- tices and all the international customs of history, the American Government must defend them from murder, whether they have been warned or not. HOLD FAST BY THE LAW. Chicago Journal: The administration has made a serious mistake in proposing, suggesting, discussing or listening to discussion of the dis- arming of merchant ships. It opens a question which should have remained closed. The United States has held consistently that international law cannot be changed in time of war, that all belligerents must accept and abide by that law as they find it. International law allows merchantmen to carry small guns for de- fensive purposes, provided these guns are mount- ec so far aft as to be useless for purposes of at- tack. To disarm such ships now is to make a great change in international law, and practically to invite the belligerents to make such further changes as they wish. If merchant ships may be disarmed to please Ik ip BOBS UP SERENELY. ——-De Mar in Philadelphia Record, Federal Government and the Militia Philadelphia Evening Telegraph: It has been made evident that the popular idea with Con- gress for an army reserve is the federalization of the state militia, as it is popularly called. What is a federalized militia? | The Constitution of the United States puts a distinct limit on the national authority over both the use and the organization of the militia. It provides for calling it into the national service only to execute the laws of the Union, to suppress insurrections and repel invasions. It could not. be made use of to carry on hostilities in another country. President Wilson could not have em- ployed the militia when he invaded. Mexico with a part of the army. : In another provision of the Constitution the right to appoint militia officers is reserved to the states, as well as the authority of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress. When the militia is called into the service of the United States the national authority over it is supreme, but as has been seen the con- ditions under which it may be called into serv- ice are limited, and when it has been so called it has not been altogether serviceable. In the Spanish-American War militiamen could not be sent to Cuba until they had individually enlisted in the national service, and then they ceased to be militiamen. Many militia regiments, through the patriotic zeal of citizens and of state authorities, were sent into camps within the United States, but they were not called into active service. The Government preferred individual enlistments to these organizations, which had been created under state authority solely, and as they could not be taken out of the country there was no use for them. :' If Congress is going to fall back on the militia, it will need to take entire control of it to have a dependable force. There cannot be a success- ful exercise of both state and national control at the same time. The motives which influence Con- gressmen to stand by their state militia can be the militia shall be the only second. tine of de- fense—and that is evidently-the situation—then they must hand the militia over to the full con- trol of the national Government. This cannot be done in a way to make it entirely effective without an amendment of the Constitu- tion which will put the militia under national Government authority for service anywhere when the country is at war, and also give the national Government authority to officer it. The militia should be made available, for it has training and the American spirit, but it will not be effective under present conditions, and the authority of Congress to create other conditions is limited. _. _ ————e pretend that the two things can possibly be con- fused. The merchant ship that is merely a mer- chant ship ought not to be treated as a war- ship; the merchantman that is converted into a warship can be treated as such without accepting the rule now laid down by the Von Tirpitz ad- miralty of assassination. The United States will lose its last claim that it is any better than Ger- many, if it accepts this rule. It will surrender its grip on the esteem and confidence of real civ- understood, but if they are to insist that ilization. it will line up with the forces that have intreduced frightfulness as the very essence of war. It might as well set about distilling pois- ons for wells, building Zeppelins fer night raids and manufacturing asphyxiating gases for use against whatever enemy it may meet. If the United States accepts the Berlin-Vienna rule.it will give assent to the most vicious and in- sidious attack on civilized methods of wagfare that has marked even this most barbarous of conflicts. —— - >. et 296 %e". “ere > oe a 7 a) t WoopDy WIL20NS Af RAID of = ; yi ; ; ; ; ‘ , adie ‘ ’ ‘ , ‘ : es . ‘? > at »* 5 ° ‘ J « **? *e { ° y ’ a . ; ‘ \ { } ' e .t. Ff | i | | \ Ts ; ey} ‘ \ : { i i oe. ge re. byte "aed ‘ . ’ ; ‘ ‘ ' | AND THEl Kaizec KAIzeR > “ ‘ ieee ee “GOD BLESS HIM!’ of —Weed in Philadefphia Ledger... Wilson’s Announcem t yh . ent of His Candid 7 a 4 = > rt) SG *at *"y =. ; +e : . Sirf t#. rt3se7 & - NO PLEDGE BROKEN. New York World: The atmosphere about the Democratic presidential nomination has under- gone no great amount of clarification through Mr. Wilson’s formal permission of the use of his name in the Ohio preference primaries. It has never been at all cloudy. The President’s position has been known prac- tically. from the time before his inauguration when he set it forth in a letter to A. Mitchell Palmer. He has been a candidate for renomination if his party wanted him to be, and he has not been a candidate if the price was to be any scheming on his part to incline the party toward him. It was the party and not Mr. Wilson that did the “pledging’’ at Baltimore against the second-term principle, and if the party chooses to forego any pledge of the kind in this concrete case, that is the party’s and not Mr. Wilson’s affair. The President has accordingly said neither yes nor no to the use of his name in State presidential primaries where his consent is not required. But in Ohio, where his consent is required if the Dem- ocratic voters are to be allowed to voice a prefer- ence, he gives his consent merely that they may be free to express a choice. The only thing to be remarked of this action is its entire consistency with the President’s atti- tude throughout. THE PRESIDENT’S ADVANTAGES. Philadelphia Ledger: President Wilson has no openly declared opponent before the “court of public opinion’’—meaning, in this instance, the public opinion of his own party—if ex-Secretary Bryan is left out of the account. The'\intentions cf Mr. Bryan are for the moment an unknown fac- tor in the equation, as is also the extent and weight of the influence which Mr. Bryan may be able to wield in the coming national convention of his party. Many things may happen to change the situation in the four months that will elapse before the delegates assemble in Chicago, but from all present indications Wilson and his meth- ods and policies will«be the objective toward which the Republicans must aim their batteries. The President. has all the advantages of posi- tion. Even though-he should keep strictly to his announced intention to forego the use of patron- age or coercion to control the selection of dele- gates, those instruments will undoubtedly be em- ployed in his behalf. This fact alone should awaken the Republicans ‘to the vital necessity of getting together. Only by a genuine, not a ficti- tious, display of harmony, only by a union of forces upon a candidate and a platform really ac- if “ONLY HOPE OF HIS PARTY.” Bee [© .weieaes name as a candidate for the presidency by any. candidate who seeks to be elected a delegate to the national Democratic convention which, « is to assemble in Jane next.” ‘ny aya hi Thus the .Democratic principle of the’ sinve term and the Democratic pledge in behalf of thd Hon. Woodrew Wilson are thrust by the, hene- ficiary’s own unshrinking hands into the. crema- tory furnace, ides ’ There have been other burnt sacrificés'to tif” same political and personal ambition, but We Fe bound to say that the odor of the combustion ia not pleasing. 1. pr Pee WON’T HAVE TO FIGHT, : Philadelphia Record: There was never any” doubt that ‘the President was willing to, take a second term, and that the Democratic party, im: tended to give him a second term. In the asuel~ course of things the President would not*tave to” say anything about. renomination untif 1 was offered to him, but under the laws of Ohio his name cannot go on the primary ballot wunth Ae: has formally assented to be a candidate; aid,of céurse, most of the Ohio Democrats wish to ‘lett Wilson delegates rather than delegates jledged to, say, Warren Worth Bailey of this Siate. The President has, therefore, expressed his willinences that delegates favorable to him should be électec, but at the same time he digclaims any {ntention of engaging in a struggle for the honor. He wont have to. ties Boos Aten 7 New York Globe: President Wilson éonfirms expectations by formally announcing hi ¢avdi- dacy for a renomination. It has long been plain that he did not construe the one-term plank of they. Baltimore platform as forbidding a second cand«- dacy by him. It has also long been plain thet’ the President is the only hope of his party and that it would be suicidal for it to make anothey selection. iss if The President, as a most determined eclecticist, has adopted as his own policies of the conserve- - tive Republicans, of the progressive Republicans, } e of the Progressives and of the Bryan and anti-. Bryan elements of his party. He has compounded these things into a political prescription of his own. Party lines, already conftised, are this cdi e fused as never before. In the South traditional: ‘ism still seems in.control, but elsewhere the.elec- tion this fall promises to be a vote-as-you~please” contest such as never before was known, ’”* °°*” On the other side there is even greater ‘con- fusion. There is not even a candidate in sight. Justice Hughes still refuses to say in an explicit way whether or not he will accept, and the doubt — prevents concenttation elsewhere. It is obvious? that soon Justice Hughes must speak, and, if he is to accept. must declare on what grounds the — re-election of President Wilson Is to be opposed... A MAN OF PEACE. jetee a Kansas City Star: 4 But how is a submarine to determine whether publicans be sure of overcoming the initial handi- a Merchant ship is armed or not? to please England?’ Who is to say where the cap under which their campaign must be waged. 4s 4 2 ai . . . And there are times when we think that it has. "EAVY BLOW TO TRADE. | suisville Herald: Apart.from any question merican dignity or policy there is one angle i ee ee 2 4 mation which has not received the con- | % inal stand at once. There is an easy route by which it may go back, the changes contemplated securing the consent of all belligerents, and since it is impossible to secure this the law must stand ‘as it was in the beginning. DEFENSE AND OFFENSE. ~ Washington Times: When a merchantman is converted to war uses, it becomes a warship. There ic no uncertainty about its status. It will be run down, ‘caught and sunk by battleship, cruiser or submarine whenever ble. There is all the difference in the world ‘between a converted mer- chantman and a merchantman sailing the ocean in trade, its hold full of cargo—and perhaps a precautionary gun mounted at bow or stern asa protective measure. It is dishonest and unfair to - “THERE ARE ONLY TWO THINGS WILSON IS AFRAID OF, ME AND THE KAISER.”’ De Mar in Philadelphia Record, : to both wings of the party can the Re- | finally repudiated this pledge contained in the platform on which he ran for President three years and a half ago, receiving the number of electoral votes needed to elect him: “We favor a single presidential term and to that end urge the adoption of an amendment to the Constitution making the President of the United States ineligible for ré-election, and we pledge the candidate of this conven- tion to this principle.” 3 Yesterday the political beneficiary of the fore- going declaration of Democratic principle and registration of Democratic promise wrote as fol- lows to the Ohio Secrefary of State: . | “In order, therefore, to satitfy the technical (sie) requirement of the statute of the State of Ohio I hereby consent to the use of my ) could. His speeches epitomized the opinion of the aver President Wilson’s consent. to the use of his - . name on the Ohio ballot dotbtlessly was his re- cent tour. No President in recent years received? the enthusiastic response which greeted Mr, Wik — The acclaim with which he was recel¥ ~# bottomed on the seasoned thought of the people They found him a man of peace, preaching peate: Re ute * + continuation of his peace policies, nothing ‘i For the first time in Ameries parties were formed, the comit be based on a main issue ¥ pe een ane boat. (eae
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