St. Louis Post-Dispatch
August 22, 1914

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Pe Bf tae TEs of = ae. ot ’ * , re. a a . : 2 eon at & de taps BE é 7 i. . ae Ege BAM ‘ - walerces “2 oe OST-DISF Only Evening Paper in 5t. Louis With Associated. Press News: Seroice. AN NEXT SUNDAY POST-DISPATCH ST. LOUIS, 2 _______ ST. LOUIS, SATURDAY EVENING, AUGUST 22, 1914—10 PAGES. PRICE ONE CENT =| wis ete a Se — GERMANS sh ON TOWARD FRENCH FRONTIER _ French Retreat From Lorraine, Win in Alsace, They Repo ees fee crow (DARING DEFENDER OF TO BOMBARD GERMAN ECE GEN. LEMAN a IS TAKEN PRISONER Shanghai Also Learns That Army Division, 16,000 Men, Has Gone on Board Transport Russians Announce Their Forces Are Advancing Along Entire Front— — Japanese Charge d’Affaires in Berlin In- Important Servian Victory Re- structed to Leave If Answer Does Not Come Early Sunday. ported With Heavy Austrian Losses. eek = agen ee aes 49 Peeps? Te at ke Mee sy ee * p~ . a toy » “oh ni ee Y Nations Hope to Gain: ? An authoritative expose of the conflicting ambitions which have embroiled England, France, Russia, Germany and Austria-Hungary. EDITION VOL. 67. NO. 2. in Cerrtibey’s Chinese Port Which the Japanese Are Preparing to Invest Tomorrow Scenes a By Associated Press. SHANGHAI, Aug. 22.—According to information obtained today from an official, but not a Japanese, source, the Tenth Divi- sion of the Japanese army, consisting of 16,000 men, went on board transports at Kokura Friday. Furthermore, a Japanese battleship fleet, including the superdreadnaught Kongom, has sailed to bom- bard Tsing-Tau, the seaport of Kiauchau, and to cover the landing ‘of the first Japanese forces of occupation. The Japanese cruiser squadron from Port Arthur is patrol- ling between Korea and the Island of Formosa. A British cruiser ,from Hoagkong passed here today, going Bs : sd ce ek Pnee - Ce. . i north. r fy ee ee é Side @ | i: By ASSOCIATED PRESS WASHINGTON, Aug. 22.—An official German dispatch re- ports a ‘‘magnificent victory’’ of the German forces between Metz and the Vosges Mountains. No additional details are given. tras 8 3y Associated Press. LONDON, Aug. 22.—The German advance into Belgium # voing on today, apparently without serious check. Having taken Brussels, the troops of Emperor William are forcing their way | : steadily and rapidly north and west. : | an SHE MAREE- PEACE, .SING TAU. They have occupied Ghent, and are approaching Bruges and 5 Ostend. They would appear to be endeavoring to overrun the ° whole of Northern and Western Belgium- At the same time, they Legality ot German War aie WASHINGTON, Aug. 22.—The Japanese Government today instructed its Charge d’Affaires in Berlin to leave there at 4 a. m. ‘tomorrow, Berlin time (9 p. m. today, St. Louis time) if an an- _swer has not then been returned by Germany to the Japanese ultimatum. Baron Chinda, Japanese Ambassador to the United States, asked Secretary of State Bryan to transmit, through the Ameri- can embassy at Berlin, a message to the Japanese Charge d’Af- faires there, giving him instructions in detail as to the course he Se UE Waals ; By ynceRwse® ¢ © OF. VHDFRWOOD E UnDERWoaD IN THE SEASHORE BOULEVARD, TSING-TAU. HEROES FROM LIEGE would seem to be drawing closer to the French frontier. . Southeast of Brussels they are investing the fortified = is to pursue if no answer is returned by Germany. ‘The United States Govérnment, while persisting in its attitude of absolute neutrality in the Japan-Germany situa- tion, has taken pains to place on record its understanding of the exact terms on Which Japan is acting, and of the obligations which Japan has assumed, to restore Kiauchau to China, and to respect the integrity of Chinese terr!- tory. The Japanese ultimatum to Germany expires tomorrow, and the general ex pectation here is that Germany will re- fuse the demands of Japan, and thai a declaration of war by Japan will fol- low. The formal communication from the American Government to that of Japan, the terms of which have been made known here, was discussed in official circles today as being highly significant. The declaration that the United States would remain absolutely neutral in any eventuality was not unexpected, but the extent to which the present administra- tion would reaffirm the policy of John Hay for the preservation of the terri- torial integrity of China, and the prin- ciple of the “open door” for the com- merce of eal] nations, had not been gen- erally kuown. ‘ Puts Conditions on Record. In its latest communication with Japan, the United States has carefully refrained from expressing any opinion on the merits of the ultimatum present- ed by Japan to Germany, but has noted with satisfaction the following points: That Japan has promised to restore te China the territory of Kiauchas if she should obtain Japan would naturally Communicate with the United States befere taking any steps outside of the boundaries in the event the lives and inter- esta of foreigners. Theat Japan’s attitude “The preservation of the com- ef all Powers in MUELRAUSEN WON AGAINST ODDS BY PAU'S STRATEGY One-Armec French General Credited With Snatching - Victory From Defeat. LONDON, Aug. 22.—-An Exchange Telegraph Co. dispatch from Paris gives further details of the battles of Muel- hausen and Altkirch, giving credit for the French victory to the one-armed Gen. Pau, a veteran of 1870. “As the enemy’s retreat had not been cut off, they were able to escape,”’ says the dispatch, ‘“‘hiding in the forest over a space 18 miles in extent. French troops entered Muelhausen as night was falling, to the acclamations of the peo- ple, who royally feted our soldiers. Muelhausen was difficult to defend against a force coming from the north or east, and was relatively easy to re take. “The Germans attacked our positions that same night, coming from the forest on the right and Neu Breisach on the left, while other troops marched in the direction of Bernay (Sennheim) to cut off our retreat from there. Cernay is on the Thur River, southeast of Thann. By staying in Muelhausen with a coin- paratively .weak force, we risked losing our line of retreat to the heights of the Vosges. Therefore it was thought pos- sible to attack the enemy marching to- ward Cernay, and utilize our reserves when a rally was necessary. “Our left was being attacked toward Cernay by a@ superior force. Our cen- ter was engaged at Muelhausen, and our right was forced to remain inactibe. The battle was going against us. Therefore retreat was the only solution, as the enemy was not prepared to give up the heights of Alsace without a struggle, and had brought up a large force for defense. Pau Acts Decisively. “Our object was to take up a new base in the shelter of Belfort. The ene- my suffered severely from our artil- lery, Their howitzer battery caused us much trouble. Accordingly, Gen, Pau de termined to give battle, while the enein) seemed inclined ratner to continue the skirmishing. | “The battle front was less extended Continued on Page & Columa & * a J > te % WIN NEW LAURELS IN LOUVAIN’S TRENCHES Belgian Troops, in Hopeless Resistance Against Onrushing Host of Germans, Stick to Posi- tion Desperately, Inflicting and Suffering Heavy Losses— French Advance Threatens to Close Line of Connection, rc By ERNEST SMITH, Correspondent of the Post-Dispatch and London Daily News. Copyright, 1914, Press Publishing Co. (The New York World). OSTEND, Belgium, Aug. 22.—After the heroie defense of Diest and Tirlemont, described in my message from Belgium Wednesday, it was the turn of Louvain and of Aerschot to try with handfuls of troops to keep the invaders at bay, while the main Belgian army re-formed its position. The battle of Tuesday before Tirlemont went on until 10 o’clock at night, and even after that, during the few hours before daybreak, rifles snapped out notice that there was no sleep in the land. That night, under cover of darkness, the Belgian general staff and army was silently moving to its new position. To have fought where it was at that moment, considering all the conditions of the allies, would have been to risk very heavy loss and per- haps defeat. It was, however, not as a military ex- pert that I started to write this, but to follow the fortunes of the rear guard which the Belgians left behind them to harrass the oncoming Germans. Liege Defenders Undaunted. Dawn Wednesday saw the Germans hotly attacking the trenches that had been filled up during the night with fresh men. Part of them were of the famous Liege field force, that had de- cimated the Germans approaching the trenches before the Liege forts. They begged to be sent back to Liege to meet the enemy again at that place. This could not be done, but they had their opportunity now, a desperate one, it is true, for each of these men knew he was marked down to be sacrificed, i¢ necessary, in the interest of the gen- eral plans of defenee. Two German aeroplanes, flying auda- tc see how they were held. Then, al- most immediately afterward German artillery got the range of the trenches, and commenced bursting shrapnel over them. The infantry machine guns were quickly at work, and the little band of defenders settled down to keep the enemy's masses of troops at bay as long @s possible. By 6 o'clock the attack was general along the whole line, but particularly violent in front of Aerschot. It was @ pitiless, determined onslaught, in which the German commanders showed the same disregard for the lives of their men as elsewhere. Two heroic regi- ments from Liege bore the brunt of the attack in a position northeast of the town. Heavy Less in Trenches. They were outnumbered ten to one, but stuck to their position with the Tax on Brussels in Doubt U 99 ——. WASHINGTON, Aug. NTIL the exact conditions are known under which a $40,000,000 war tax is to be levied upon Brussels by its German captors, it is not regarded as possible by the international law experts here to pass finally upon the legality of that method of warfare. The practice of levying such taxes wpon conquered communities, which was quite common in most wars up to and including the Napoleonic era, has since that time fallen into desue- tude and no trace of such exactions are to be found in the history of the Civil War in America, the Turco- Russian war, tie Franco-Prussian war, or the Russo-Japanese wars. But it is recalled that in the Napo- leonic wars against the allies of cu- rope, Napoleon imposed forced in- demnities on the Italian provinces and also on the Pope. He also en- riched the Louvre by taking the choicest treasures from the art gal- leries of cities overrun. The Hague conference, at its sec- ond meeting, showed distinct opposi- sition to stich collections, but when it came to reducing that sentiment to the form of treaties, the subject was treated rather vaguely and mainly with the purpose of safe- guarding individual property. Gen- erally, it appeared that there was no prohitition in terms upon local or municipal governments, precisely as in the case of the indemnities exacted from national governments at the end of hostilities. The only reference to the subject in The Hague conventions is found in the ‘“‘regulations respecting the laws and customs of wars on land.’ Ar- ticle XLVI, declares that “private property cannot be confiscated,’”’ and the succeeding article reads, ‘Pil- lage is formally forbidden.’’ Ar- ticle XLIX provides that levies of money contributions shall be only for the needs of the army or the admin- istration of the territory, and Article LIII prohibits the army of occupa- tion from taking anything more than “cash, funds or realizable securities, which are strictly the property of the state.” It is thought here that if the Ger mans have levied the tax ag reported, it must have been under authority conferred by Article XLIX, ‘“‘for the needs of the army or of the adminis- tration of the territory.”’ SPENCER WISHAR AILLED WHEN CAR AIDS AT ELGIN ELGIN, ILL, Aug. 22.—Spencer Wishart died this aft®rmoon of injuries received when the car he was driving in the Bilgin NaJjona Automobile road race crashed © + fence and overturned. Three spettatore were slightly injured when Wishart’s :nr hit the fence, near which were thel seats. Wishart’s mec ianician, was badly njurs 4. Wishart’s skill was fractured, his chest crushed and his right leg broken. Mrs. who had been cheering in the “ach time her daring hus- band flew pas:, was brought. to his bed- side, The accident was due to the furious poate seutained. For nearly half of the distance of Wl miles until the car turned upside down Wishart averaged almost 78 miles an hour or nearly & John Jenter, clously low, swept ever the trenches | 4 » + AP gi tht acide ithe Pa ess en Pisa esac iags whens Mm <2 et RY Beare x - + Pte te \ Continued on Page 2, Column 2. FAIR WEATHER AND RISING TEMPERATURE THE TEMPERATURES. Official IF ITALY FIGHTS, WILL PAGHETT! and Fair day.. For cal showers north portion fore- east for St. Louls vicinity — weather, with slowly ris- ing temperature tonight and Sun- Missouri— Partly cloudy to- night and Sun- day; probably lo- portion; warmer in north tonight and in east por- tion Sunday. For Illinois Partly cloudy to- night day; and #Sun- probably showers in north and central por- tion; warmer in north and central por- tion tonigh t and im south and east por- ” ltion Sunday Namur, on the Meuse. It is reported from Antwerp that the Germans will not eoa- tinue to occupy Brussels, contenting themselves merely } marching through the city. This determination, however, .Itered by the attitude of the City Treasurer of Brussels, quoted as saying he will never be able to,pay over the $4.0,000,0 alleged in a report from Rotterdam to have been demanded by’ Germans as a war tax. This is equivalent to $55 for every fi woman and child in the city. The same report says that a contri- bution of $10,000,000 has been levied on (aege. The concentration of the Belgian army before Antwerp is said to have been accomplished in good order, and the, moral. of the Belgian troops is reported to be unimpaired. While German patrols are close ‘to Antwerp, no strong de- tachments have been reported near the city. Whether the Ger- mans will attempt to capture Antwerp, or simply to invest it, : is not yet clear. Seven thousand Austrians are reported to have arrived at Strassburg for the defense of that fortress. Both Germany and Austria-Hungary have called the Lands- — trum, their last reserve of troops to the colors. If the news of a great Servian victory which comes from many sources, be true, Austria-Hungary which must be reeling under the smashing blow delivered by her small adversary will need every — available man. The Russian army on the Eastern frontier of Germany gradu- ally is emerging from the mist and in such forces as soon will dee mand more attention. a French Official Report on the . Fighting in Alsace and Lorraine” ‘Neer is partly invested. ward noon. tinues on both banks of the Meuse outside the range of the at Namur. ‘‘German cavalry forces passed through Brussels today cving westward. They were followed later by an army corps. ‘*A war tax of $40,000,000 has been levied on the City of J sels by the German general. | ‘‘The retreat of the Belgians continued today without inciden 3:3. . ‘‘As already announced, after reconquering the frontier, 0 3 = troops advanced into Lorraine along a front extending in the [ Mountain to Chateau Saline. They drove the Germans beak tata valley of the Seille River and the marshy district mae } guards reached Delme, Dieuse and Merhatge. Weta ‘Yesterday several Ge. .an army corps made a ¥ ter attack, and our advance fell back. The uemely fierce cn beh thea Heavy artillery opened fire Ar «atte < The westward movement of the German columns com . " \ eee