St. Louis Post-Dispatch
December 22, 1912

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+. ‘lage aled and. the 1 love of mankind. Seams for universal peace.

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— SUNDAY 1S POST- ST. LOUIS, SUNDAY MORNIN G, ‘DECEMBER 22, 191 1912.

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pane "Meeting of the Balkan and Turkish Plenipotentiaries in London to Settle Dis- astrous War Suggests to Advocates of Brotherhood in Adjusting Disputes That This Conference Might Have Eeen Held Before Hostilities Broke Out and That Its Finding Saved Thousands of Lives and Millions of Treasure —Friends of Arbitratian Believe Outbreak Enforces Their Arguments, In- stead of Proving That Their Cause Is Lagging.

N the eve of Christmas, so-called because tt celebrates the coming of the “Prince of Peace.” 2 whose emblem is the cross of sacrifice and unselfish- } -~) ness, the Post-Dispatch herewith presents to its readers the subjoined symposium .of opinions from leading thinkers of many nations on the prospect for the elimination of war from the world by international arbitration. Scholars, soldiers, statesmen are represented and all agree that the day is coming when _ peace will remain unbroken among the nations of the world; when international tribunals, empowered to enforce their judgments and decrees, will settle all dis- putes,. Some would like to see the experiment tried now, others hold that it must be delayed until mankind have reached a higher and more humane plane. The interviews are of special importance in view of the Balkan peace con- - ference that is now trying to settle the difference of the Allies and the Turks in London. (The Hon, Elihu Root, Senator from New Yor®. was admitted to the bar in 1867, and thereafter "practiced. law until 1899, when he was made 4 _ 4 Becretary of. War by the late President McKin- ley. He heid this post until 1905 and was then made Secretary of State by Mr. Roosevelt, con- tinting to serve in that capacity until 1909. Senator Root 2jas made a member of the perma- nent court of arbitration at The Hague in 1910 ang‘in ‘the same year accepted the presidency of the Oarnegie endowment for international peace.) ' By SENATOR ELIHU ROOT. (Brom a spdech by Senator Root, made at a hemquet ‘of the Peace Society of the City of New York on Feb. 26, 1909.) Bo long as selfishness and greed and the will- 4 { ness and brutality to do injustice continue in | World, we, myst have the POLICEMAN; and this a the international policeman whose presence makes Gaara use’ of. his club unnecessary is the army and

Nov dja ita the gubject. for you to deal with. » Government cannot reach it Laws cannot ontre fh: Paiblic opinion, public setitiment must deal with it, and when! public opinion has risen te J height all over the world that the peoples y country. treat the peoples of every other ‘yeith ‘that human kindness that binds ppiunities together, you will see an énd ‘war—and not until then. ve “compare the conditions of tdday with the ons of yesterday and the last decade and | fe fast: generation and the last century and cen- tiiries before, no one ean fall to see that in all those qualities of the human heart which make the difference bétween cruel and brutal war and _Bindty peace, the civilized world is steadily and surely advancing day by day. No one ¢an fail 7 gee that the continuous and. unswerving ten- of human development is towards peace von Suttner, the ‘Baroness Bertha Be authoress of “Lay Down Your Arms,” has been

ly identified for 30 years with the The Baroness te president ofthe Austrian Peace Society and : ee orgs of the International Peace Bureau In 1905 she was awarded ihe Nobel ; ea é F Prive.) * ANY ‘people, who do not choroughly under- ‘stand the situation, regard the present 77° war in the Balkans as a serious blow to ‘ —— of those who are endeavoring to secure betitution of arbitration for war as the means of settling even the greatest differ- which may arise between nations. vay ia ig worth of fact, however, the Balkan war a served. rather to advance than to retard the ‘movement, It has shown the world for one ‘how ineffective treaties are if they only if way—that is to say if they stop short of the he firial step of an agreement to arbitrate every- “The war has also shown how little is Dy a resort to arms, the immense 5 of blood and money to secure an insig- " pifigant result. Indeed, I doubt if the year has la a forcible argument for universal ence the spectacle of the desperate armed ug — ‘Turkey and the allied Balkan he Ikenea to a snowfall In the covered and to all” ex- the countryside Is in the grip . Bat beneath the snow the grass is Just the same; the heaviest snowfall ‘peace is bound to come. Every year is learning from bitter experience what ' -and costly instrument war is for the rpos ‘of settling International disputes. From to time the peace movement may suffer a p 4 peat ae we * * ps — bes * ome Mit a — = a ae ee Bee. er gets

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tory. Statesmen have concelved various methods for its establishment, but the plans have not been self-executing. Physital force has always been behind it. The words of Washington are as true today as when uttered; “If we desire to avoid insult, we must be able to repel it; if we desire to secure peace, it must be known that we are at all times ready for war.” Elihu Root, the late Secretary of War, states the situation forcibly and concisely In the fol- lowing words: “So long as selfishness and greed and the will- ingness and the brutality to. do injustice con- tinue in this world we must have the POLICE- MAN; and the international policeman, whose presence makes the use of his club unnecessary, is the army and the navy.” (The Hon. Victor L. Berge?, the first Socialist ever elected to Congress, is a journalist by pro- fession, being editor-in-chief of the Milwaukee Leader, a Socialist daily. He was a delegate to the People’s party convention at St. Louis in 1896, and since that time his name has been con- étantly associated with the Socialist movement.) By ANDREW CARNEGIE. VERY ruler of men, whether Emperor, Czar, — King, President, Prime Minister, Secretary of State, knows that the greatest blessing of all for his country and the world at large is international peace. All therefore earnestly de- sire this, and that anyone in authority desires war becomes unthinkable. This undoubtedly be- ing true, our enigma ts—why does not the world enjoy the peace which those in authority so earn- nestly desire and unitedly can so easily atquire? Here is the answer—while each and every ruler | tells us that he longs for peace, they mistrust each other because they do not know each other well, They reside apart, receiving false impres- sicns from intermediaries and military, naval and other officials. who see the shadow of the demon war in every movement; having probably been men of war themselves in their youth’ they judge tnternational questions from the standpoint of this profession. Even ambassadors to the var- jous courts, having generally spent most of their youth surrounded by military and naval officials inhaling the atmosphere of international rivairy and suspicion and hence are liable to doubt or misconstrue the views and peaceful ambitions of ‘other nations. How then is this obstacle to be removed and rulers brought to the realization of the truth | ti.at all rulers of men are sincere in their desire } ‘ 4 ‘for the hanishment of war among civilized na { the army, in fact. tiens and for the settlement thTough peaceful means of any disputes that may arise between them? The answer is obvious. Let the rulers meet, often, as friends desirous of drawing their people | closer together, secretaries of state especially } paying reciprocal visita. Arrange frequent meet- \irgs at the different capitais of each small group | of officials concerned in this problem, discard | distrust and learn to trust each other, and the ' chief nations will soon begin to act in unison, drawing the others with them Into international | peace. The civilized world was very near the reign of { . peace through the proposed arbitration treaty ( America, | ""~ between Britain, France, Germany and

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in full accord with the ‘exponents ot: 4 Scientific Socialism when I advocate @ un obligatory military training and the arm all citizens. War may be’ hell, but ' few things worse even than } | instance. , : The international socialism m nent pledged to the universal military trainiz . 4 citizens for the purposes of defenusé, as | the maintenance of standing armies om poses of aggression. And yet the international labor m which the soctalist parties are the pression—is the greatest power for int peace in existence today. fi The workers of the world have no killing each other, Their interest is not to f each other, but to unite against their In case of war the working class of country has to bear the brunt of it — working class of all countries—the in proletariat—has absolutely nothing to. war and millions of livés to lose = This is the feason why the int clalist movement, aside from all looks for some method to prevent ‘war, And I believe we have the method. At international congress in Copenhagen a tion was introduced by some British —* delegates to determine “whether thae y work by the workers in any two tween whom war !s threatened could breaking out of such a war.” This - was referred to the international —— sels, and will be discussed and the policy 3 will be adopted by the International | Trades Union Congresg, to be held wr in 1914, Making War —— by 7 MERE glance — — —— A , that the working class of : very’ excellent’ positicn te A general strike, declared simul countries on the day that war is declared, simply make war impossible, — Supposing war is declared between Pran Germany. Now, let all the | men, telegraph operators, —* ists, bakers, miners and sailors go out « in these countries at the same time, . would move, not @ ship sail in either cou there simply would be no war. —— It would take the entire army of any to watch the railroads of each. . | Germany and France it would strikers be @ part of the army, —

In short, I can readily tween the highly civilized na

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