Daily Worker
October 13, 1925
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“sen as chairman. He told the large } 2 . ie a! a8 i Pp apart MAae |, *; - Bast aH 3 me ¥y, Or, 4 : ts, 7 Ps, Mass Me for His i (Special to The Dally Worker) SEATTLE, Oct. 11—One of the most successful demonstrations in Seattle was the protest meeting held last night against the exclusion of Shapurji Saklatvala, In which re- presentatives of unions and other workers organizations participated. Paul Mohr, the veteran labor lead- er, M. Miller, Vincent Brown; M. Han- seu of the best progressive. sorggia of the organized labor movement, Jean Stovel, progressive woman. leader of labor, George O’Hanrahan, radical, Elmer W. Steele, I. W. W. speaker d Aaron Fislerman, district. organ- izér of the: Workers Party were the speakers. ~ Tie meeting was opened by Han- assembly the aims and purpose of the eting. He was followed by O’Han- rahan who said that once America was the haven of men of revolution- ‘ary thought. But now and _ particular- ly, since thes world war, it it is-the garbage can of dethroned and bank- rupt rulers and aristocratic garbage of Europe. The denial of Saklatvala to enter the United States, he charac- terized as a disgrace. Miller declared organized labor re- sented the bar on Saklatvala. .. Steele pointed out that because of the indifference of the large mass of workers, the victims of Centralia. tra- gedy are still languishing in the. peni- tentiary. He urged the workers to organize and stand up for their-rights as a class. Saklatvala who represents the interests of the workers would not have been barred. dt the workers were awake, he said. , Workers Showed Open Doors Stovel said that the workers shoul t have made it possible for Saklatvala toenter the’ United States. The bar- ring ° of Saklatvala by Secretary of pr Kellogg, should make the statue of liberty Mang its. head hi see vala re ‘the interests of the working class. England feared the @x~' posal of her atrocities” perpetrated upon the workers and peasants _of India. And«in order to prevent Sak- latvala from exposing these atrocities before the mass of American workers; the British tories have used Kellogg, as a tool, he said. He urged the work- ¢rs.to organize politically and indus- triaHy so that eventually they can bring about their own emancipation. Saklatvala Action. Significant Fislerman said that the action of the secretary of state, in barring Sak- latvala from entering. the United States, is but only one of the many outrageous acts perpetrated. on the working class by the ruling class and their governmental lackeys. It is, however, a significant one, because it proves the contention of Commun- ists once more that, the much herald- ed democracy of thg-imperialists and ‘apitalists is a Class . dictatorship. Siiklatvala was denied entry into the United States by Secretary of State i‘cHogg, at the behest of British tDries because Saklatvala is a Com- munist and as such he represents the interests of the workers of all coun- tries. He urged the workers to rally the banner of Communism by joining the Workers Party. A resolution protesting and. con- demning the action of the se€retary of state and demanding that Saklatvala be admitted into the United States 3, 1879. NEW YORK EDITION (Special to The Daily Worker) | . NEWARK, N. J., Oct. 11.—-Stocks of prepared sizes of anthracite rash After these sizes are | about the end of some localities e } buckwheat coal, which « in be used for emergency heating purposes for heating of residences: will-last until ~ after January 1, On the bituminous ‘eval ‘situation | the committee reported that there is sufficient for two months,. and that threata of a strike in West Virginia flelds made. by. John L. Lewis are not alarming. This capitalist board, in its, reter- ences to Lewis, did not display any. animosity toward him and asserted that they believed he would secure a settlement In the. anthracite be- fore this situation became menacing | | to business interests. . IRISH LABOR. Ih REBELLIOUS MOOL AGAINST BOSSES Quench Militancy DUBLIN, Ireland, Oct. 11—The la: bor situation is acute thruout Ireland The northern parliament,‘on reopen | ing in Belfast, was faced by a dem > onstration of the unemployed, wh« proposed to assemble outside the par lament house. The government pro hibited this and — demonstrator: -withdrew. r When challenged in parliament by the labor members the cabinet ‘minis. ters justified their action by will be enough pea rae thet until | Unemployment F ails tc local labor specthes, (tn Wield ‘ar: e Publis PUBI : Daity’ ‘except Sunda HING CO.. 1113 W. THD Pm ER neon routes Price 3 Cents ¢ : P Le declared that if Belfast unemployed is twent# ae | thousand; in In’ Limerick, Irelan@,” where thé Shanon river electrfid#tion’ schemé should be affording plenty of work, operations are held up’Dy'a wage dis- tion whether unskilled “labor on the’! project should be paid mitre than ag- rieultural labor. The? German con- ‘tractors offered 32 shfllifigs ($7.68) a week with free lodging In htitments and tho this is more then agricultural workers are paid in Limerick, organ- l-ed labor opposed it as:a starvation wage. Strike Solidatity. The dock workers are in sympathy with the laborers and ‘refuse to un- load German vessels carrying mater- ial. When the Germans did the work themselves they were attacked and the services of the military and the police had to be requisitioned to pro- tect them. No Germam labor. is im- ported except the highest skilled grade and there is no objection to the Ger- mans as Gérmans. Municipal Workers Call Strike. Dublin city is threatened with the strike of 1,800 municipal workefs Sat- urday. This would paralyze all the street services and the electrital sup- ply. The proposed strike would be in the nature of a protest against the action_of : city authoritiés in award- ing to a Paris firm a ten-year con- was passed by acclamation, tract for cleaning the Streets. DOES THE AMERICAN LEGION SUPPORT “MORGAN'S STATE”? By WORKER CORRESPONDENT, Neb., Oct 1l.—Last> week Omaha was the scene of an exhibi- tion of debauchery, ‘rivalling tales from Paris after the armistice, men brought here presumably to attend a convention of the American legion, \ have been given money and transportation, decked out in the’ gaudiest of iniforms and turned loose upon the populace of an American eity. During the first two days an unlimited supply of whisky passed around Groups congregated on sidewalks, streets and hotel handing around bottles and a - OMAHA, ‘among the. visitors. lotnbies, Young appurently trying to become intoxicat- ed/in the shortest possible t?me. Nothing like this was ever ‘seen dur- ing pre-Volstead days, even young boys participating in the orgy with gusto. No attention wasypaid to this “Americanization of the youth,” altho there were about 500 extra police in the city. There was unmistakable, evidence that city, state and federal officers (Continued on page 3) Needle Trades Labor Renews Interest In Radlo CHICAGO, —(FP)— After. abandon- ing a project to maintain a radio broadcasting station the Chicago Fe- deration of Labor is negotiating for a certain hour each day in the air from an established station. In addition to its own broadcasting station WGN, the antilabor Chicago Tribune has recently acquired the fa- lait Belfast 1¢4g ninety, «|. pute which turns mainlfn the ques-| _ ie U.S, BUILDS IN GUNS PREPARING FOR CIVIL WAR By CARL HACKER, Worker Correspondent. CLEVELAND, . Ohio, Oct. 11.—The new federal reserve building recently completed in this city boasts of sev- eral “built-in” features, and we won- der-just what they are for. For in- stance, as. we pass the main entrance way on E. 6th St., we hote that under the third stair there are three smal! pieces of stone loosely cemented in and-we are told that behind each of these. a machine gun is mounted, the first. pop of which, knocks the piece of stone away and then gives the gun- ner a clean sweep of the street. We are also that in addition to these three machine guns there are also.two others mounted a trifle high- er on the same. side of the building, in addition to which there are also guns similarly mounted on the Superi- or Ave. side. It has also been stated that on the upper. floors of the building sufficient arrangements have been made to ac- commodate the entire working force in-so-far as food supplies, water, beds, etc.,. are concerned. Russ Tractor Trade in China. MOSCOW, Oct.11—A competition of tractors “is being organized Crimea, in which Soviet and foreign factories will take part. The race is to be started on September 15. The purpose of the competition is to de- cide on the types of tractors best suitable to the conditions of the Crimean soil. The preliimnary arrangements for the contest have already been com- pleted, amd replies have been ob- tained from a number of foreign firms desirgus of taking part in the mous Elgin station WTAS. \* contest. —_ in the! EKING GOVERNMENT’S STAND * AGAINST BRITISH CONTROL WORRIES STATE DEPARTMENT WASHINGTON, Oct. 11.—Indications that the government set up in|. Pekin last year will not dare defy Chinese public opinion, but will defy the foreign powers’ control of Ching instead, are engaging the attention of Sec- retary Kellogg: The state department ‘is informed that British interests in South China are, demanding:that foreign troops be landed at Canton to sup- press the “red” nationalist movement there. serpreted in some official circles in Washington as an attempt to divert at- tention from the strong stand taken by the Pekin government. In substance, the Pekin cabinet has decided that it cannot take part in a customs conference unless assured beforehand that abolition of foreign control of Chinese tariff rates is to be granted. American influence has been largely thrown to the support of British demands thus far. to settle down calmly once more. Anti-Labor Patriots Amalgamate to Nurse Whité Terror in U. S. WASHINGTON, Oct. 11.— Taking their cue from big business friends, the anti-labor Sentinels of the Repub- lic are planning:a formal merger with h « Woman Patriot, organ of the anti- stirage and anti-labor propaganda in the “capital. AAmeeting of the exe- cutive board of the Sentinels will vote on the plan Oct.13. Since the death of Louis A. Coolidge last _ spring, Bentley W. Warren, a Boston lawyer, has headed the Sentinels. Nicholas Murray Butler has taken the chairmanship of the drive to raise a sustaining fund in memory fo Louis Coolidge. Mrs..John Balch of Milton, Mass., remains secretary, and Miss Mary- Kilbreth, active in editing the Woman Patriot, has joined the board. The offices of the organization and the paper are already identical. A rival® organization inthe anti- labor field, the national association for; constitutional government, has just is- sued the October number of its. quar- terly, the. Constitutional Review. Meeting, Ashland Auditorium, | FRED BRAMLEY DIES AT AMSTERDAM MEET, “SAYS LONDON WIRE | LONDON, Oct. 11— A message from Amsterdam to labor headquar- ters says Fred Bramley, well known labor leader and former member of parliament, died there suddenly Fri- day night. He had been attending a meet- ing of the executives of the Inter- national Federation of Trades Unions... -Mr. Bramley, who was 51 years old, had been secretary of the British. Trades Union’ congress since 1923. Bramley was one of the famous delegation to Soviet Russia and has ied in the move- ment for the international trade union ss Ciianatantion Begins in St. Louis ST. Louis—(FP)—A meeting of all officers of labor organizations will be held in St. Louis Oct. 14 to complete plans for a citywide unionization drive. The aim is to strengthen weak unions. and organize the nonunion trades. This British agitation is in- A. F. OF L. TO CONTROL ALL PROPERTY OF STATE AND CITY FEDERATIONS; WIND-UP NEAR interesting debates, are referred By J. LOUIS ENGDAHL. (Special to The Daily Worker) ATLANTIC CITY, N. J., Oct. 11.—Monday morning will see the present convention of the American Federation of Labor rapidly grinding towards its close with the presentation of gifts, in the forms of gold watches, to each of the fraternal delegates. But 10:30 o’clock has been set as the time of the special order for the report of the resolutions committee, to which all propositions of importance that usually draw forth the most The progere ssive nronositinre urging recognition of Russia, against class collabora- tion, favoring world trade union unity, urging amalgamation and the labor party—have been re- ferred to this committee and will be rgported on. Eagerness of delegates to wind up meager business of fruitless conven- tion was shown when they refused by vote of thirty-nine to. one hundred forty to declare morning half holiday in honor of Columbus day, after plea by Delegate D’Alessandro, of Hod Car riers, made a chevalier by the king of Italy in the days before the war. Monday afternoon has been set aside for Gompers’ Memorial services. ». Strangle Hold on Federation. The most heated discussion so far in the convention has taken place over the proposal of the laws committee that the constitution be amended to permit the federation to take over the property of disbanded state an® city central labor bodies. The whole intent of the probosition Was revealed in an amendment by Delegates George A. Perkins of the Cigar Makers’ union to the effect that such “property be held in trust until such time as the state federation or central labor union shall 1esume its activities in conformity with the laws of the federation.” Evidently the federation leaders, progressive influences, are afraid that thehe are state federations and cen- tral labor unions that harbor consider- able militant strength, that will have jto be disciplined during the oesmfiing . Del : : Dae Fotis of the i ‘denteinen hostile to the fadeeation m » The. discussion, howeVer, did not hinge on issues of ousting militants, but,,on the question of whether the federation would be liable for the dabté of. local and state bodies, if it demanded t.e right to take over prop- erty.. No one was willing to assume any. debts, but the proposition went thru with the agreement that If it didn’t. work very well during the com- ing year it could be changed at the next convention. Wind Up in Few Days. The .conventiom rejected the ‘propo- tition that women’s auxiliary organi gitions. be allowed representatives with. voice and vote in central labor bodies. Delegate Henry F. Hilfers, for the New Jersey Federation of La- bor, was supposed to sponsor this zyesolution, but he started out by de- slaring that it had no chance of ap- proval, but that he hoped the women would keep on organizing their aux- f.iaries, in spite of the fact, as he clrimed, that they were not real wage Now the state department must choose between the sarners. British refusal to grant the Chinese demands and the hope of getting China| The convention may finish its work ly Wednesday or Thursday. Arthur |.\. Purcell and Ben Smith; the two ‘British delegates, are preparing tore ljaain until the middle of the week. salad will proceed to Mexico. Soviet* who claim they have eliminated all! forthe | panier to ce y bodies that r. thoge with FAILURE LOOMS AT LOCARNO PEACE MEET Briand Takes Boat Ride —Tells Fish Story (Special to The Daily Worker) LOCGARNO, Switzerland, Oct, 11 erate efforts to break the dead- lock between Germany and France over the question of the eastern front- iers were made yesterday. Germany still insists that these frontiers af- fecting Czecho-Slovakia and Poland are subjects for negotiations and re- fuses to consider France as guarantor of the eastern frontier. At the morning session a general forntula was accépted as a basis for further deliberations, tho Germany re- served the right to reject the thing in its totality in case it proves unsatis- factory. That formula provides that the league of nations shall guarantee the treaties of arbitration, with parti- cular attention to the interests of France. The France-Polish military alliance js to be continued and recog- nized by Germany. Germany Cannot Accept. The delegates to the conference such a-propesal, if acepted, should place the power of guarantor in the hands of the league as a whole, the council, or. a special body created within the league. All this speculation is based on the assumption that Germany will accept it, but in view of the strong national- ist sentiment in Germany it is gener ally conceded that she cannot accept such a proposal, especially in view of the clause forcing Germany to recog nize the military alliance between France and Poland. Italy Enters Pact. In an effort to reach a satisfactory agreement on the question of the west- ern frontier, embracing the Rhineland a decision was reached at the morn- ing session to include Italy in the pre- amble of the pact, making that nation one of the guarantors, with England. of the western frontiers. Italy. thru its representatives, announced that it would sign the pact. That means that the Mussolini government is anxious to enter into an offensive alliance against Soviet Russia. Leaders Take Boat Ride. While the aft@érnoon session was abandoned in order that personal dis cussions could take place, these dis. cussions were of such a natgre that the spokesmen for the leading powers involved went boat riding, leaving (Continued on page 2) “a oe . WARREN, Ohio, Oct. Sunday, Oct. 4, labor, be. admitted into the by the assembled workers. were: workers of all languages listening- to the speé¢hes of E. Curtis, a member of the Amalgamated Associ- ation of Sheet.and Tin Workers, Dan Rogers, a Negro worker, and organ- izer of the Warren branch of the American Negro Labor Congress, and I. Amter, district secretary of the Workers (Communist) Party. Comrade W. J. White, veteran fight- er in Warren, was chairman of the meeting, and pointed out the mean- ing of excluding Saklatvala from this country. “Did you ever hear of , Continued on page 3) 11—At a mass Meeting held in Warren. the demand that Saklatvala. the United’ States, This was a representative meeting of the and nearly of .\Negro. workers and their families—# (WARREN, 0., DEMONSTRATION : DEMANDS QUICK ADMISSION ‘el OF SAKLATVALA TO AMERICA Ohio, on representative of British was enthusiastically endorsed workers of Warren. There half of the audience was Made up —. Japahese Sue Whites Who Ran Them Out PORTLAND, Ore. —(FP) A dam- age suit for $125,000 has been filed in the U, S. district court by 5 Japanese laborers, against 9 citizens of Toledo, Ore., who were instrumental in oust- ing Japanese from that sawmill town last July. The plaintiffs... subjects of Japan, allege violation of the 1911 Japanese-American treaty. The case has international significance. onight, 8 P. 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-_ —— ene Pale. tha ” ears e as reese pers : ers x , Rn | - +. pte gi ee aie ts ee ot ee > a te “Obey” Stricken Out of Marriage Ceremony ' (Special to The Dally Worker) NEW ORLEANS, Oct. 11. — The house of bishops is confused today over the action of Bishop William Montgomery Brown in going into fed- eral court for an injunction to re- strain them from passing sentence of excommunication upon the aged pre- late. The house of bishops has al- ready voted the sentence and its for- mal carrying out is the task of the presiding bishop, the Moet Rev. Ethie- bert Talbot of Bethlehem. The court refused to issue a tempo- rary restraining order, ‘but ordered the house of bishops to appear Wed- nesday and give reasons why such an order should not be issued. The carrying out of the sentence of unfrocking the heretic bishop on Mon- day would not be in violation of the court action, but the bishops are be- dating the wisdom of carrying it out for fear it might be considered an af- front to the court. Wives Need Not Obey. The house of deputies recommend- ed the striking of the word “obey” out of the proteatant episcopal mar- riaze ceremony, which will probably be adopted. This is considered the better part of wisdom since so few of the wives of the bourgeoisie carry this provision out In practice. er ar AS con Failure Looms at tacares (Continued from page 1) their imperialist messenger boys from the smaller nations on the shore. Austin Chamberlain, who is striving to secure a temporary settlement of disputes in Europe in order that: the energy of the nations may be devoted to a drive against Soviet Russia, was the host. Mrs. Chamberlain served tea to the party, which included Briand, French foreign minister; Gustav Stresemann, German foreign minister and Dr. Hans Luther, Ger- man chancellor, and the experts. Tackled Article 16 Unofficial sources are responsible for the assertion that the discussion resolved around Article 16 of the league covenant, which provide for troops of one state crossing the terri- tcry of another state in case a third government is guilty of aggression. Nothing beyond the- promise of the allies of a gentlemen's agreement was proposed to the German representa- tives. That agreement being that if Germany enters the league without reservations that the allied powers will use their influence to modify Article 16. Allied statesmen have further inti- mated that they are willing to strive for modification of Article X which provides that all members of the league must participate in a general offensive against a nation in violation of any provisions of the league. This was the famous article upon which the American senators smashed Presi- dent Wilson’s proposal that the U. S. enter the league. Briand’s Fishy Parable When the boating party returned after five hours the French appeared decidedly optimistic and Aristide Briand, the slimy foreign minister of France, tried to rival Jesus Christ by arrival rable ¢ telling fish stories. On h his hotel, Briand, told a the fishes” ride. “We went to sea to fish,” said} Briand, “You knoW there,are lots in} the lake. We succeeded in identifying | ‘Then we were {ft several specimens. told we could find others further on. We proceeded and found several more specimens. Some we would not identi- fy, but on the whole our studies were highly successful.” Chamberlain was not 80 optimistic” and refused to discuss the matter, fur- ther than platonic observations about the boat ride being evidence of civil- ized personal relations between re- presentatives of former enémy ne tions. Inform Von Hindenburg The German representatives retain silence on the outcome of the confer- ence and have dispatched a special emissary to Berlin to lay the results of all the proceedings, official and private, before President Von Hinden- | burg. It is understéod that Hinden- burg requested a report on the details of all the conversations so that he may be in a position to answer the nationalists who assail the whole af- fair at Locarno. The agents of the tory party in Lon- don are issuing statements to foreign correspondents to the effect that Ger- many has promised to abandon the Rapallo treaty entered into with Rus- sia in 1922, after revealing to Britain and France the details of that treaty. This is emphatically denied by offi- cial spokesmen for Germany here, who asserted that their statement of last week regarding Russia and their assurances to the Russian foreign minister still stand. r .WARREN AND YOUNGSTOWN, O., MEMBERSHIP MEETINGS HEAR OF PARTY REORGANIZATION (Special to The Daily Worker) WARREN, Ohio, Oct. 11—A membership«meeting was held in Warren on Sunday, Oct. 4, and at Youngstown Saturday night, to discuss Bolsheviza- tion and reorganization of the party. Comrade Amter, the district secretary, was the speaker at both meetings. Comrade Amter gave a full resume of the world situation, and of the situation in the Communist International. in world conflicts that are arising imperialism and the positive ending in international war. He then show- ed the forces of labor that are thrown awainst the coming conflagration. In the Comintern, there are tendencies not in keeping with the definite trend of labor in several countries to the left. On the contrary, in several countries—in Soviet Russia, in 1923 and 1924, in Germany in 1923, in Czecho-Slovakia in 1925, in Italy a so- ~ called ultra-left opportunist tendency represented ty Bordiga, in the Ger- “man party again in 1925, the oppor- tunist tendencies manifesting them- selves in the Fischer-Maslow group, ali are out of keeping with the de- finite trend in the labor movement, particularly in England, Czecho-Slo- vakia, Poland. The visit of the trade union delegations to Soviet Russia and the tremendous impression which the Situation in Soviet Russia produced on them is having a revolutionizing effect on the working class. Hence the slogan of Bolshevization Was necessary in order that the Com- munist Parties might get in touch with the masses, might adopt the right policies to the arising situation, which many of the Communist Parties could not understand—misin- terpreting the temporary stabilization of capitalism. To reach the masses, the Communist Parties must be prop- erly orZanized. Reorganization of the parties on the basis of shop nu- clei was imperative, if the parties were to get out of the mire of social- democracy, which they ipherited from the past. Comrade Amter then pointed out that reorganization would not make of our parties Bolshevik parties un- lass th were prepared to do their bh Education, Marxian-Leninist education, must be imparted to the membership of the party in order ihat they may be equipped with the tools with which to do their Com- munist work. And just as the mem- bership must learn the principles of Communism, they must understand the policies of the Comintern and the party. But In the same manner, they must equip themselves with an- other tool in order to make them- selves good soldiers of the revolu- tion in this country. They must learn English, in order to be able to reach MAS NTATA GALEN ESUONAD SELENA VAUD EET SEE SEATON HOT EET T TONNAGE DNATA NED TAA ERU AHA AN To the Rescue! He pointed out the nature of the the broad masses of the workers. Education alone is not enough. Our party is a party of action. That member cannot be considered’ a real Communist who merely underatai Communism, but does not engage jin the party work. Hence, as the Com- intern has pointed out, every’ ‘mem- ber of the party eligible to mem- bership in a trade union must join the union. The district executiv committee of District 6, hag decid that if these members do not join their union within two months or give valid reason for not doing 80, they shall be disciplined. To do ‘their work in the unions the comrades must be organized. Therefore, party fractions are indispensable. . The slogans of the party must be based upon the existing situation. The Consintern has as one of. its most important slogans that of the united front. The labor party is the most important slogan on the political field at the present time. All other kinds of united front slogans must be em- ployed in order to draw the work- ers into struggle. Work among wo- men, work to build up the Y. W. L. and Junior groups, work among Ne- groes, work against imperialism, building up the defense, spreading the DAILY WORKER and party li- terature among the masses; these are the immediate tasks of the party, for which the comrades must be ready. Comrade Amter then went into de- tail on the reorganization of the party; how it will be reorganized and how it will function. The meeting at Warren manifested intense interest, many questions were asked and a discussion took place. The. Youngstown meeting was not well-attended; therefore, it was de- cided to hold another meeting on Oc- tober 25, to discuss the matter once more. Warren is ready ideologically. for reorganization. The Finnish district committee is holding educational meetings in the various branches of ‘the district to prepare the comrades for the reorganization. Take this copy of the DAILY WORKER with you to the shop tomorrow. ? Prizes! Shake A portrait study of the | = lucky winner at the door by LYDIA GIB- SON. A‘cartoon to a winner done by FRED ELLIS. Surprises! AN AUCTION LIFE PRESERVERS AND COFFEE Dancing! And only 50c admission (, Daily Worker Rescue Party IMPERIAL HALL 2406 N. HALSTED ST. Given by the North Side Branch) Wi: FasL UKM a Leg at the First Chicago SUNDAY OCT. 18 ee rs | ITALIAN CABINET at Rome. tal valet titi ISSUES FASCIST DECREES AS LAWS Dictators Make Strikes a Capital Crime (Special to The Daily Worker) ROME, Oct: 11. — The council of Italian ministers controlled complete- ly by the fascisti, has Issued decrees which place the Italian people abso- lutely at the mercy of the fascist dic- tatorship. Decrees of Fascist Dictators. One creates courts for compulsory arbitration of labor disputes, making | Ba strikes punishable by death. evation carpe ander the” cone ot : aviation corps under the EAE Doles aa at ee civil police bodies into a national body, wiping out the powers of muni- cipal and provincial departments and centralizing all police power in the hands of the fascist national center The fourth “reorganizes” the sen- ate, practically abolishing elections to that body, and making it in effect a rubber stamp group of senators ap- pointed by Mussolini. Barbaric Murderfest at Florence. In spite of the severe censorship, the Florence murders by the fascisti of free masons, are learned to be far larger than the fascist press admits. Fully eighteen men were murdered in reprisal for the death of one fascist who had invaded the home of a ma- son without warrant of law and with arms in hand. Many of those mur- dered were assassinated under the most brutal circumstances. Fascist bands broke into their homes, stab- bing and shooting the men to death while in bed and in the presence of their terror stricken wives and chil- dren. In many instances the house was wrecked and set afire. Contrary to censored news, the fas- cist authorities did not attempt to stop the massacre, and issued orders to-police and troops to keep the fas- cists from being interfered with by which was ittended to} ” throw light on the results of the boat} — nee pak UN M ee ’ e ted that work n of Burope was Communists, Expressing his alarm gt tremendous growth) of- Commun- ist influence in England. he predicted that “the Communists will fail here as they failed in the United States and Germany, and will fail in France.” This ludicrous assertion evoked sar- castic smiles from the more enlight- ened of the Tories who realized the absurdity of comparing the situation in the United States with that in Germany, Baldwin probably meant that the British government was pre- paring to use the methods of Palmer and Daugherty against the reds in Britain. Must Not “Seduce” Troops In his’: attack on the’ Communists Baldwin said:. “The government will employ all the power the law gives to deal with attempts to: seduce the troops with seditious speeches. The government is vo bowing to the danger and will do itsutmost to pro- tect the best interests of the coun- try.” The “best interests” being, in the lexicon_of Baldwin, the interests of the most rn strata of the ruling class. q Pact Be Simple Referring to ty pact at 0, where 4 Chamberlain, British | Seti x * 7 4 3 ‘ ~ rs a i a s Pgh the ‘ee ’ ke . . 4 4 et ee A 6 7 a k, BR pe at ba it of Irak (a British enbcred we the prov- ince of Mosul was vas! ‘good as her legal right to aks part of her territory.” In dealing with beina Redietions he concluded by promising | concessions to the petty bourgeoisie élements, ad- vocating reforms in the House of lords and a reduction of taxés, neither of which he can possibly hope to carry out. In the first plaée >the nabobs in the house of lords will resent any meddling even from the itory govern- ment of Baldwin and dmj the second Place the imperative, necessity of maintaining and even increasing the unenmployed dole make -reduction of taxes absolutely impossible. The Communist Party of Great Britain will not in any manner re- frain from its work among the armed forces of the nation and in respect tc so-called seditious utterances will openly defy Baldwin and his govern- ment. Australian Labor Party Head Speaks Upon Its Policies any opposition. EX-SAILOR IS GIVEN TASTE OF CAPITALIST DEMOCRACY HE GUARDED SAN FRANCISCO, Oct. 11—Sev- eral weeks ago someone forged the name of “W. W. Reynolds” to a lib- erty bond at Mare Island, Cal. Washington records disclosed a Wil- liam W. Reynolds, an ex-sailor now living in Tampa, Fla., a man with an excellent record who was discharg- ed after being wounded in action. Reynolds was located in Tampa, and was the only support. of his aged mother. In spite of his record and his protestations of innocence, he was immediately shipped to San Francisco (where he had not been for 16 years) under guard, and lodged in jail there, hts mother be- ing left destitute. After some time in jailasa common criminal, he suc- ceeded in securing legal help, the lawyer proving . conclusively that Reynolds had nothing to do with forging the bond. The case was dimsissed, and Reynolds left jail with 10c in his’ pocket. Now the government announces that it will “probably” return Reynolds to his home in Tampa, and meanwhile he is being fed and lodged by the char- ity of the Red Cross. Join the navy MELBOURNE, Australia, Oct. 11.— Matthew Charltén, 1 r of the Aus- tralian labor patty, ma speech out- lining’ the policy of party, sets forth the strange mixture of prin- ciples which will guide this increas- ingly infuential organization. The party demands that Australia have a voice in foreign affairs of Great Britain, and states that Aus- tralia should not be committed to overseas war decided on by Great Britain alone. The foreign policy of Australia is demanded to be develop- ed in Australia, in day light, and not in London fogs. The labor party stands for a pro- tectionist tariff policy, opposes im- migration, wants conscription abolish- ed and cruisers scrapped, but plenty of submarines and shore fortifica- tions. The party wants extension of the commonwealth shipping line, cheaper freights, larger storage houses in London and a compulsory wheat pool. Charlton’s speech ridiculed the “red” scares so frequent of late as to be continuous. Strikes were not ab- normal and if any “Bolshevik agent”’ broke the law, the government could arrest him, he said. As for deporta- tion, the cure-all oa red baiters under Premier Bruce, @@portation now was only applied to labor unionists and political opposition. One might be a burglar or a murderer and could not be deported, but a labor union leader who orders a strike or stop- page of work is. promptly seized and and see the world! deported. Resleconsty of the ‘whith vacta” ts Worth (i {Special to The Daily Worker) WASHINGTON, D. C., —(FP)— That one-fourth of the total farm Benjamin C. Marsh of the Farmers’ - National Council after a study » sus figures. He gites se _ showing that the ’ dividual: #62 tag ‘the trustification of for man power,’ agricultural swing. ‘Factory farming’ will con- tinue to increase with amazing ra- pidity.” Average farm wages in 1923 were $46.91 per month without board, or $33.18 with board. Be-sniedalied 4 Dictator Claims Mastery (Special to The Daily Worker) LONDON, Oct. 11—Reports from. Mowaocco quote the Spanish dictator, General Primo de Rivera, as claiming that Abd-el Krim’s army is broken and Krim is hiding with about a thousand men in mountain fastnesses.. Bolshevism’s Bemedalled Enemy. The general, who wears all of sevénty medals on his chest, boasts serious blow to Bolshevism.” This he considers much more menacing to the imperialist nations than “yellow” or “brown” perils, so-called, tho he is shrewd enuf to see that the interests of the oppressed races coincide with “Anyone, imagining that the only result of the war in Morocco is the fate of Abd-el Krim’s toy kingdom, is mightily mistaken,” he says. I maintain that the result Will be re- sponsible for far-reaching, world-wide future effects.” A Policy of Complete Subjection. been | “Before Spain is satisfied, aeame Africa.” Altho the dictator is bent on anni- hilation of the Riffians and carries out a war of barbaric reprisals on cap- tives and tribes whose territory Spanish troops occupy, he was forced to admit that the Riffian troops fight bravely and with heroic perseverence for the independence of their native sail from the rule of foreign invaders. The dictator’s explanation of his censorship over the press in Spain hardly proves any anxiety about the “white race.” He declares, of course, that it is “extremely light and only to prevent irresponsible elements from making trouble.” Senator A. B. Cummins Wants Next Congress to Curb Economic Laws (Special to The Daily Worker) WASHINGTON, D. C., Oct. 11—In a. conference today with President Coo- lidge, Senator Albert B. Cummins, of Iowa, asserted that the demands of the farmers of the northwest to the coming congress included legislation making it impossible for foreign mar- kets to set prices on American grain. He wants assurances, thru legislation, of good prices for American farm products, regardless of the condition; of the world markets.” It is characteristic of the simple minds of American statesmen to de- sire legislation that will overcome fun- damental economic laws. In spite of the desires of Cummins and other middle-west politicians prices of Amer- ican farm products will fall whenever other grain producing nations have big crops. Cummins thinks that if world grain prices can be citated by the American congress there will be less danger of agrarian political revolt against the republican party. To Preserve Ancient Park of Czar Peter the Second in Moscow MOSCOW, Oct. 11.—A special com- mittee has been appointed to take steps for the preservation of the an- cient park situated near the village of Sharapovo in the province of Mos- cow, which had once belonged to Peter II of Russia and had been pre- sented by him to his bride, Princess Dolgeruki. The park was laid out in the shape of a star, and it now contains spruce and lime trees that are 2 centuries old. There are many exceptional ‘pecimens with trunks of the thick- | DeSs of 144-2 girths, manutestucing _ and transportation industries is now | beginning to apply to “With the | : sigan, le FOR ABD-EL KRIM that “Above all, Krim’s defeat is a the interests of Bolshevizm as against the domination of imperialist exploitation. pee i : : if tained from the mous recommendation per cent organized but less than 1 per cent of all bank clerks in the city have a union card. | Thumbs Down, from Green. Local 3, the veteran pressmen’s local ousted. by. Pres. George Berry for continuing a strike against speed- tic City, however. Nor does the Amalgamated. Clothing Workers’ Un- fon, now in its 16th week of struggle against the Intl Tailoring Co. wage cutting, hope that the A. F. of L. will condemn the open strikebreaking of the United Garment Workers. The Amalgamated is not affiliated with the general body while the Unit- ed’s president, Tom Rickert, the leader t expect or eee Many of these were wei ie by a Chicago delegates, Pres. Joe Safir of the Bank Employes Assn., a federal union that gets its charter direct from the A. F. of L. Expect 500 Delegates, Says Whiteman. While Negro ‘delegates are knocking at the eastérii convention door for help in entéring unions of their crafts which now bar them, the American Negro Labor Congress to be held in Chicago Oct. 25, is completing its preliminary arrangements. Tho black- listed by Pres. Green of the A. F. of L. as an organization in which Com-/ muhists are a@ sizable factor, national organizer Lovett Fort-Whiteman an- nounces that the prospects for 500 delegates are favorable. He states the aim of the congress is “to mobilize and to coordinate into a fighting machine the most enlightened and militant and class ° conscious workers of the race in the struggle for the abolition of lynching, jim- crowism, industrial discrimination, political disfranchisement, segrega- tion, etc.” The offices are at 19 S. Lincoln St., Chicago. U. S. S. R. Education Program Abol- ishing Illiteracy Rapidly MOSCOW, Oct. 11. — From June, 1924, until January, 1926, the network of rural literary stations fn 23 prov- ‘inces of R. 8. F. 8. R. was increased trom 6,874 to 11,745. In some of the provinces the number of rural lite- rary schools was increased 4-5 times. The opinion was expressed by M. Khodorovsky; ‘assistant commissary of education, that by the tenth anni- versary of the October revolution there would be disposed of not less than 75 per cént of the illiteracy among red Rec iv rural population. Subscribe For ing-up, expects, no relief from Atlan- ‘commission weer their debt will ae | i 3 3 the money combine. CECHO “SLOVAK DEBT T0 DURING 62 YEARS |But Revolution Is Bound to Intervene be paid to,the United States. The Wall Street banks are to immediately float Czecho-Slovakian bond issues based upon the industries of that na- tion, thereby bringing the economic life of the country under the con- trol of the American banking com- bine. 62-Year Agreement. After an inspection of the compli- cated records pertaining to the debt, the American and Czech commissions agreed upon a lump sum of $115,000,- 000 as the principal of the debt. This government originally held the debt to have been something over $117,- 000,000. Including interest at 3 per cent for the first ten years and 3% thereafter the Czechs will pay to United States a total of about $300,000,000. Owing to heavy. interest burdens of the debtor, amounting to over $86,- 000,000 annually, the debt commission agreed to accept a flat sum of $3,000,- 000 annually for the first 18 years. During the last forty-four years pay- ments will average close to $6,000,- 000, the agreement providing for com- pletion of the funding program in 62 years. Revolution. Will Intervene. Critical observers of world politics view with amusement these long term agreements, for tho they serve the immediate ambitions of the House of Morgan to bring all of Central Europe under, its domination, the ever-in- creasing concentration of power of the tariat will sweep all such agreements into ‘the waste basket of history, long before one-third of the time set for the liquidation of the bt has elapsed. If you want to thoroughly un- deistand Communism—study it. ae oF 8% i Of Go{malgamationist 50c a year—Sc a copy—2'4c¢ a copy in bundles of 10 or more SEPTEMBER ISSUE (No. 4) JUST OFF THE PRESS Story of strikebreaker Berry’s attack on Chicago Press- men’s Union No. 3, written by an official of the union.— Left wing news from the I. T. U. Kalamazoo convention.— Contributions from the rank and file-——Left wing news and achat —Cartoons. The Amal gamationist 1113 W: Washington Bivd. Mich IMlinois
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. came to supporting his criticism of the éa i ts : 5 ee #4 A i. i eA Reiko. i =a Oi, ‘page 1) ‘ dad "thelr inst not to inter- . The ina rt apparently ,.attempt to debauch them by busi- _ that is responsible. ad "much of the stuff was Canadian bond. _, then home brew and, in plenty. A cabaret ., liquor sold freely oy' “ apparently “discovered” t and a grand _ Washington, re C., ./ Re eh nw <i ie < ae ree yey : ¥ - iA -_— o J DOES : HE AM ERI | - ‘ . , LAY Nt ‘oe -” . ; o's " uttipwc ees oe - oa ’ VL or 7 Py ‘SUPPORT “MOR ANS. STATE” ? : Pe bokiataule ‘much to. “politician and militarists. The American legion is .. Composed. of ng. men of high ‘spirits, and wick ‘seibbe: loose they could hardly fail to go to excess. These young men are neither bad nor good, it is the apparently deliberate nessmen, politicians and professionals, It is reported that a carload of liquor from Canada ‘was sent td Omaha for this convention, Appearances would .indicate that this was the fact as This was consumed the first day, and ntleg appeared as opened and “the counter. Local and federal proh bition agents jury investigation is | ‘made, Not only men, but ay young girls were to be seen on the streets in.an intoxicated condition. Ful) of “spirit” the visitors appropriate a whatever took their fancy, includin the girls. Business is Business. — Many of the leaders of the legion, who are businessmen, took: advantage of the opportunity to advertise and drum up trade. While the ‘rank and file, brought along for scenery. and poll parrots, were revelling in the yearly “freedom,” the businessmen were trying to add to their profits by selling goods or real estate. The parade advertised Kansas wheat, Iowa corn, Florida real estate, etc., while the gaudy uniforms that cost thou- gands of dollars give color to the ad- vertising. Omaha spent a hundred thousand or more to decorate and bring the convention here. Business expects a million in return in actual dollars, while they cater to the organization that supports their game. Profit and protection for the same dollar. .- Omaha Post’s Rake-off. Omaha legion is reported to have the largest membership in the world. They put on a rodeo for the conyen- tion, in fact they held some affair every week and get large profits, They handed out concessions and. per- mits to vendors that netted them a good profit from the convention. Recently every merchant had to buy American flags from the legion and pay for placing standards in front of their stores. The decorations for thes -cqnvention also netted the legion post a fat percentage, even a small emblem | costing $3 to $4, and altogether must : ds. There is no rush to join the legion, so it would appear that these) large profits re- main in the hands/ of a very few who em have meant tho 4 come a Fae lin sani and very much admired. However, when it war department on administration of. aviation, they blue-penciled Mitchell’s name and statements. The legion is the recipient of many favors from the government and present administra- tion so they shut off the “static.” They may be 100 per cent, but when it comes to “lame ducks,’ the legion comes first. “War Ladies Rout Pacifism.” The American legion auxiliary: re- ceived high praise for the firm stand they took on adequate defense as the best peace time insurance. Garland W. Powell, Washington, D. Cx former head of the _ legion’s Americanism committee, is quoted as saying: “You women have done: much to gtem the tide of extreme pacifism which was growing up among women’s organ- izations.” Mrs. Ruth McCurry Brown, auxiliary Americanism chairman, is quoted as saying: ““‘It is .up to us, the largest: group of patriotic women to combat all radical » movements-—the youth movement, peace-at-any-price organ- izations, Bolshevists, Communists and every type seeking to undermine our nation. While we hope there is no danger of actual Bolshevism in America, the radical effort is reflected | A. Chicago. He is quoted as Aegion. Wash Moat bite. Protae, va} WeonD, ther om even now in unrest, political quackery, unwise laws and attacks on the con- PERE Fa at iis? okbonse of na- tional growth.” Mrs. . Brown expressed the belief that an. f unrest in America is only we for a leader. “Majah” Berry Chimes in. . “Majah” George. Berry, president of the International Préssmen’s Union, spoke to the convention with deep regret of the death of Samuel Gom- pers, and of Gompers’ interest in the legion, and pledged the co-operation of his successor, William Green, if patriotic work of the legion. George assured the legion that the A. F. of L. is American, that the or- ganized men and wom ould resent any encroachment on Our government as quickly as any orgamization. “That the economic, social ,agd intellectual standard in America. As. unsurpassed and unequalled in «ny ther nation of the world.” ii “We believe,” ‘said George the “mejah,” “that this most desirable condition is the result @f ‘our form of government, hence the Jabor move- mefit of America is American and it is against Communigm, Sovietism or any other type of ‘ism’ in contraven- tion of our Americanism,” He then cited labor's. ‘endorsement of rigid restriction of immigration, for Americanism, support of government, universal draft, citizen's military tfain- ing camps, Woodrow Wilson memorial college, etc., showing how close the F. of L. is to the legion. The World-Herald reporter does not credit the “majah” with raising any ap- plause for the fish he brought on a platter. Bolsheyists Are Pipe Pipers. The ericanism branch of the legion plan to use the nation’s love of athletics as a means to combat the youth movement of the radical forces. .A junior world’s series in baseball was proposed last Sunday at the con- ference by Major John L, Griffith of saying: “Competition among boys from 15 to 17 years, sponsored thru the legion posts of the nation, would offer one of the most effective ways to instill in them ‘that spirit we know as Amer- icanism’ that he knows of.” At present, Major Griffith estimated that only three or four million of the 16 million youth of the nation are be- ing reached, Defense day, he sug- gested, might also be a time to take stock of the athletic *itnmess of the youth, in this way: to create a phil- fosophy of life that:wilk combat the. radical idea. leven: Frank C. Cross,:of Indiafiapolis, na-| tional director of: Americanism, said the radical movement is'growing and claims a number equal: to! that of the They are busy: in summer schools with an orgasization similar to the boy scouts and try to introduce one of their number Am every scout tithe well-to-do instead of | service. They are’ organizing clubs in colleges, even have «Sunday ‘schools and publish fairy tales;suited to their Own purpose. qh “The I. W. W. as an,organization is doomed,” Director’ Cress said, “be- cause of a split im ‘ts»-ranks. The Workers Party is, taking in youth. They also are active,among the Ne- groes. The American .Oivil Liberties Union is a friend of this element.” . Referring to disturbances in the south, Mrs. Mabel Spaulding of ‘Mobile, Ala., said:. “We have little trouble with the Negro, but our men certainly do handle the other element right down in our country.” The Glamor is Fading. The legion convention was expected to bring a hundred thousand visitors and delegates to Omaha. Less then one-fourth of that number appeared, if we discount those who come regu- larly to see the small town show as Ak-Sar-Ben every year. Even many of those kept away on account of rumors of rowdyism. In spite of per- sistent drives for membership, gaudy uniforms and a circus free of charge every year, the legion is going down hill rapidly. It holds something for the few, but has noth- ing to offer to the great mass of young ex-service men. Desperate efforts are being made by the government, mili- tary and big business to hold up the organization, but to no avail, T HIS WEEK WORKERS IN NEW YORK, PITTSBURGH AND CLEVELAND WILL HEAR ENGDAHL ON THE A. F. OF L. CONVENTION J. Louis Engdahl, editor of the DAILY WORKER, directly from the American Federation.of Labor convention will go on a speaking tour which takes in New York, Pittsburgh and Cleveland. Mass meetings have been arranged and the workers in these cities will get first hand information on how the “fat boys” af Atlantic City took to Purcell’s. speech in which he forced the issue of, solidarity with the Russian workers on the convention floor. Soviet Russia B gest, iseue Despite the atten "of ‘the react- ionary bureaucracy. t keep. the issue of Soviet Russia and Communist ac- tivities from the floor of the conven- tion, this issue was the biggest that the convention faced during all the sessions. Soviet Russia, world trade union unity, the Dawes plan and other inter- national and national issues showed the convention that the Communists were a live force in.the labor move- ment and thats their role was not the destruction, hut the strengthening of the labor movement. * & a Engdahli Speakt.in New York NEW YORK CITY, Oct. 11.—The workers of New York City will be able to hear J. Louis Engdahl on the + Awmarionn Federation. of Labor con- ober 16th at n Lyceum, 66 vention on iday 8 p. m. at the Man East 4th street. eT ae Meeting in Pittsburgh PITTSBURGH, Oct. 11—A mass meeting will be held in Pittsburgh, Saturday evening October 17th where Comrade J, Louis Engdahl will speak on the American Federation of Labor convention. ” * * Cleveland Meeting CLEVELAND, Ohio, Oct. 11.—John Louis Engdahl, editor of the DAILY WORKER will speak on the A. F. of L. convention and the American Com- munist movement at Insurance Ex- change Hall, 1ith 4nd, Walnut Sts., Oct. 18th at 8 p. my en Si tie ee tae Ae APE a : — the | and debauch [{ Orr * oy ee ile ae _—— os iyo G BRITISH To conference«on miners’ situation. well-fed type of British labor leaders. Trade’ union officials, left to rightdolin isoniey (A. Ss. E.); John Turner (Office Workers); J. W. Bowen (Post Office Workers) foll These are the GEORGE PERLMAN W. P, GANDIDATE IN NEW JERSEY State Committee NEW YORK CITY, Oct. 11.—Com- rade George Perlman, an active work- er of the party in Jersey City, has been nominated by the Workers Par- ty ‘for governor in New Jersey in preference to Charles Keene. Comrade George Perlman has been associated with the labor movement for. many years and is well known among the workers in New Jersey for his actions in behalf of the revo- Intionary movement. Because of the change in candi- dates it was necessary to fill out new petitions and this work was splendidly accomplished by the New Jersey state campaign committee embracing the comrades of Newark, Perth Am- reg culty. oe The pried ae commit- tee of New Jersey has arranged for regular meetings in the chief cities in New Jersey and a good month of campaigning in behalf of the Com- munist ticket has been arranged. Warren,.O., Workers Demand Admission -” of Saklatvala (Continued from page 1) a prince being excluded from this country? Of course not; ‘but when the representative of British labor and the representative of the down- trodden Indian masses wishes to come to this country, Mr. Kellogg finds nothing better. to do than to keep him out.” Brother Curtis spoke of the neces- sity of organization. He told of the many fights that the workers have had in this country, of the condition to which they are debased and declared that the reason that Saklatvala was excluded wus that he may have told the truth about conditions which the employers wanted to cover up. Dan Rogers, the Negro organizer, spoke particularly of the American Negro Labor Congress, and what it will mean to the Negro worker. War- ren is sending three delegates to the congress, Comrade Amter, the main speaker made an expose of the condition of the Indian workers, who labor 12 and 14 hours a day for a mere pittance. The Indian peasants are crushed by tributes and taxes, and when they re- volt, British troops, airplanes, ma- chine gums and bombs are sent to shoot them down. The workers of the United States need a labor party built first of all on organized labor. A party fighting for the interests of the workers, and makes no distinction between white and black workers. The mention of the Soviet govern- ment caused hearty applause espec- ially from the Negro workers who were present. A resolution demanding the admit- tance of Saklatvala was adopted | Erect Monument at Kiev for Heroes Who Fell in 1905 Revolt KIEV, Oct. 11—-A great monument is being erected at Kiev to the heroes who fell in the revolution of 1905. Memorial tablets are also to be fixed to the building of the Sapper Barracks, where the soldiers revyolt- ed in 1905, and to the building of the Polytechnical -Institute, where the meetings of the. first Soviet of Work: j ers’ Deputies of Kiev were held, ; sacle ‘ . New Petitions Filled by} | ow Se ae, | Mexican Labor Unions Being Betrayed Into Class Collaboration MEXICO CITY, Oct. 11—That Mexi- can labor unions are headed to the same fatal end as those of Italy un- der the fascisti, is foreseen by many, as eration Regional Obera Mexican con- tinue the course of collaboration with the employers and with the Calles government. the corrupt leaders of the Confed- In the’ textile convention now in session these so-called labor leaders are forcing the workers to agree on a program of eo-operation with the textile bOsses' which will prevent the workers going on strike under any circumstances. One of ‘the’reformist leaders advo- cates this ceeney as a benefit to labor, Saying: “It is time we put a halt to strikes and attempted to find a way of working in harmony with the em- ployers. The Mexican Federatoion of Labor (C. R. O. M.) has realized this, and has made most important steps in this direction.” Fight Illiteracy in Ukrainia MOSCOW, Oct. 11—During the year 1925-26 it is proposed to introduce uni- versal education in the Ukraine. There will be opened 12,650 new schools for children of 8-9 years of age. An illiteracy campaign will be con- ducted among the two million adults and 12-13 year old who are illiterate. Great attention will be devoted to the development of propaganda for che pursuit of the arts and sciences. A number of new institutions of art and science are to be opened. TSUPPORT BEN GI CANDIDATE, LOW, AGAINST 4 THOMAS, CAPT ALIST LACKEY! NEW YORK, Oct. 11.— the fighting spirit of many workers. but as the Communist has correctly termed them, wing of the bourgeoisie.” We have only to look backto the time when Ramsay MacDonald was the ‘“sdcialist premier” of capitalist England and we find him suppressing the mationalist revolutionary iove- ment in India and elsewhere as brutal- ly as Lloyd George or Stanley Bald- win. Iu Bulgaria we find the socialists supporting the fascist government of Zankov. In Poland they help Grabski send Communists to the gallows and in France they support the imperialist war of that country against the Riffs. The list is endless. Many more facts could be cited from the murdering of Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxem- burg in Germany, to their support of the Dawes plan, which enslaves the German working class to the -Wall Street bankers. At the 1919 convention of the so- clalist party, they condemned the league of nations and called it. the “Black International,” but today Thomas and the socialist party are supporting the world court and the league of nations, which has as its purpose the overthrow of the Union of Socialist Soviet Republics and the enslavement of the workers of the world. Thomas has supported Sigman and the socigist bureaucracy of the In- ternational Ladies’ Garment Workers in their fight to help the bosses put over Governor Smith’s needle trades | award on the rank and file. Thomas has rejected the Workers (Communist) Party's offer for a Unit- ed Labor ticket, and is responsible for dividing the workers’ politically. He proposes a unity between the small businessmen and profesisonal ele- ments and the workers, under the leadership of the small business man and professional. United fronts of “the left nominated as their candidate and standard’ man Thomas. who is supposed to be a pacifist ‘and by his preaching blunts His party in this country, as well aé its brohter parties in Europe, have showh on every occasion, when the work- ers assert themselves, they are not the representatives of the working elass, Internationa! ¢ the socialists are always to the right | with reactionary labor leaders, small | business men, and never to the left | By SYLVIAN A. PO OLLACK. (Special to The Daily In this mayorgity eam paign the socialist party has orker) @& preacher, the Rev. Nor- | CLASS IN WORKERS DRAMATIC ART STARTS IN NEW YORK TUESDAY NEW YORK, Oct. 11.—The €xe- cutive committee of the Workers’ Dramatic League announces the starting of a class in New York City in. dramatic art which will give its first lecture on Tuesday, Oct. 13th with B. Aratov as teacher and director. The Proletarian Theater is aleo starting to work on and pro- duce a play which will be presented in New York. Every comrade who Is interested is needed to cooperate with the Am- . Come | érican Proletarian Theater. to L. O. Hartman’s Studio, 28 east 15th St., top floor at 8 o’clock Tues - day night. gece ————————— SSS with the class conscious workers. Behind Thomas stands Hiliquit, stockholder in the Burns Bros. Coal Co., which is now trying to import coal to break the American miners’ strike. Another of his cronies is Abe Cahn who has prostituted the paper which the Jewish workers of New York built up at the cost of tremendous sacri- fices. The Forward is now a weapon against the workers in the needle trades and is used to slander work- ers in their fight with the bureau- cracy of their unions, and against So- viet Russia. The socialist party misleads and di- vides the working class. It is not the instrunfent of the class struggle but of class collaboration. They have be come the best flunkeys of capitalism, doing all the dirty work. Whenever the militant workers gain any ‘strength, the socialists are called in to defeat the workers. Down with such treachery! Support the workers’ candidate in he coming election—Ben Gitlow! Work and vote for Communism! | I - 6 e atic Ss 7 wo : -(B ped : thousands. cause they. g oe MORITZ J. LOEB. the Communist.workers in Amer- aily paper. ebvtered from the beginning a bitter It nar to secure its very existence. at workers participated in this struggle and be- ave themselves generously and bravely we still Once established, the Because have the DAILY’ WORKER as the leading organ of the class struggle in America. Now’ the DAILY WORKER is again in the throes of a deep-going crisis. . once asked, DAILY PAPER It is again a question as to whether or not the DAILY WORKER can survive. “CAN THE BOLSHEVIKS ESTABLISH. A IN AMERICA?” swered with a thunderous YES two years ago. The question was That question was an- Now the question, must be asked, considered with all gravity and an- swered, ce re taaoe, posed is not a theoretical one. ei of theory; the answer would theoretically be, ““CAN THE BOLSHEVIKS MAINTAIN THEIR if it is a “Yes, the Bolsheviks not only can maintain their paper. but they MUST.” But to a practical problem such as we now kate before us there can be no answer of theory only. the DAILY WORKER alive, but WILL a eof DEEDS, not words. ot can we keep It is a matter In America there are some three thousand capitalist daily papers, each of them so many knives as the throat of the militant working class. The entire capitalist class gives un- stinting support to this arsenal of hate against the workers and the workers themselves are by means of force com- _ pelled every day and hour of their lives to give, unwillingly, HELP SAVE THE DAILY WORKER! P ame Street their enemy. capitalist press. threat. Will it succeed in this effort? MUNISTICALLY” possible. the sounds of labor echo, question: $e ~—-~-—« ee Ow eee «+ aa — — n- i American Bolsheviks Maintain Their Daily Paper? but to give just the same, support to the press which Is A small section of the working class has made possible. the establishment of the DAILY WORKER. swer of the Communist workers and the It is more, it is their challenge and their. A small section of the working class gave life to the DAILY WORKER, was able to do so because this small body acted as a unit, each individual straining to the utmost. The DAILY WORKER now struggles for maintenance. it is the an-~ militants to the Not unless every Communist, every militant fighter for the working class participates in this struggle, gives as much and as frequently as is “COM- The Communists along with the rest of the working class gives support to the capitalist press. labor we perform is wrung from us for the the benefit of capitalism and all of its institutions. But we have played a huge trick on capitalism. We have stolen a part of our labor of which capitalism claims all and have converted it into our party and our press. have done in the past; this we must do again and yet again. Let every militant steal a part of his wages during the next weeks to save the DAILY WORKER. Let every militant hand at the throttle make the rails sing “SAVE THE DAILY WORKER”; miner’s pick, bite to the same tune. sewing machines and the roar of the steel furnaces join the chorus, the snare drum of the riveter and the bass drum of the blacksmith’s sledge keep the time. mine or factory where there are class conscious workers let “SAVE THE DAILY WORKER.” Can the Bolsheviks maintain their daily paper? What a lf they are really Bolsheviks they WILL. A part of every hour’s This we every fighting coal Let the hum of the In every shop or
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- . a ,se ee of. ly ae a resolution offered by Comrade +e _ Ruthenberg on behalf of the Central N IcAGO MEMBERS SPEEC yy oly DISCUSSION og ii 1 to discuss the reorganization and hevization of the party, after four 3 of discussion, voted unanimous- - Executive Committee. The resolution pledges full support of a united mem- bership to the C. E..C. for the cam- _paign to reorganize the party on “the shop nucleus basis and for the Bolshe- yization of the party and the liqnida- _ tion of Loreism, and declares that the -Jatest decision’ 9f the Communist In- ternational on the question of. the groups within the party leadership lays the basis for the unification and development of the party. An amendment which raised the question of alleged removals and re- placements, offered by Comrade Arne wabeck as an addition to the C. E. C. yesolution, and which Comrade Foster fsked to be passed together with the yesolution, was voted down by a vote pf 225 to 150, after which the C. E. C. re on was passed unanimously. Ruthenberg Speaks Comrade C. E. Ruthenberg, general secretary of the party, in reporting on behalf of Central Executive Commit- tee, stated that the whole question to be considered could be summed up with a single word: The process of Bolshevizing o ‘party, he said, is a part of the life of “the party in the past. The Bolshe- ‘vizing of a Communist Party is not accomplished merely by a number of ‘measures taken at a certain time, ‘but is a long process which goes on from the time of birth of the party. Jn Russia he had observed that altho our Russian comrades had been carry- “dng on the work of Bolshevizing their party for twenty-five years, neverthe- less they still found it important..to Bolshevize their party. Every step toward clarifying the minds of the members and developing within the party a Communist leader- ship,—all of this is a part of the pro- cess of Bolshevization. This process, said Comrade Ruthen- berg, extends in our party thruout its history during the past six years, and particularly during the past year and a half or two years. Our purpose in coming here is to prepare for greater steps. The goal for which the present leadership of the party will strive, is a tremendous acceleration of thé pro- cess at this time. Three Phases of Development. Qur party, which was six years old "at the time of our recent convention, said Comrade Ruthenberg, has gone thru in that six-year period three phases of development. In 1919 there ~ Ibad™been organized a group of mem- bers of the socialist party who had been influenced by the event of the Russian revolution to break with the opportunist leaders. This group was organized on the basis of the. differ- ences between the socialists and the Communists, between those who did and those who did not understand that the aims could be attained only by revolutionary methods, thru armed insurrection and the overthrow of the capitalist state. But the Communist . Party in 1919 did not understand how to connect its revolutionary ideas and propaganda with the eyeryday strug- gles of the masses. In other words, Wwe were a sectarian propaganda soc- iety teaching the workers the necess- ity of armed insurrection in the final stage. Thisiperiod was about two years, during the underground life of the party, and the underground exist- ence increased this tendency. The second phase can be said to be- zin with the organization of the Work- ers Party at the beginning of the year 1922, In this phase we not only became a Communist Party as distin- guished from a propaganda sect, but We were beginning the work of Bol- shevizing the party thru learning the way to eonnect out activities with the struggles of the masses, learning to apply Communist principles to the struggle; we found the way to wT vVTvVTyryyrrYyTyTrreytktsk'*' "+7" 7" ‘_wT~wvwvvwvwvwvvrvewewrwrererewreerwrweetTreee ee ~~ » Chitago membership meeting eo Workers (Communist) Party eld Wednesday evening at Northwest a crisis. wrong policies. “Botshevisation ‘Showed that the leadership of approach the masses of the workers. During this period and as a result of coming into the open we absorbed into our party a number of elements which had not gone thru the earlier phase of storm and stress and devel- opment. Thru this fact “has come a situation in which our party has met But it is another crisis in the process of Bolshevization. The crisis has come, said Comrade Ruth- enberg, on the question of the road that our party must follow in order to become a mass Communist Party. Some comrades bemoan the fact that we have had to endure this crisis for the past year and a half; but it was a part of the process of Bolsheviza- tion thru which it was necessary for the party to go. There is no way thru which the party can came to correct policies except thru a struggle against We have now turned - away from the road that leads back toward sectarianism. What was the struggle in the party convénton at the end of 1923, asked Comrade Ruthenberg. into the organization of the Workers Party large elements’ which had not gone thru the process of the earlier steps of Bolshevization. The Finnish Federation which had not gone thru We had brot SakVEcAne ck “ TAKE NOTICE! } The District Executive Committee of proceedng first with Cleveland. The following meetings are to be held. All members . belonging, to the mB and all others working in the trades are under discipline obliged to attend the meetings: io, G. W. U.—Monday, Oct. 12, 5:30 Pp. m. A. C. W. A. and Journeymen Tai- lors—Monday, Oct. 12,7 p.m. ~ Food Workers—Tuesday, Oct. 13, 8 ~Am Printing Trades—Wednesday, Oct. 14, 8 p. m, Metal Trades—Thureday, Oct. 15, 8 p. m. eithneiinnedne workers—Thursday, Oct. 15, 8 p. m. All the meetings will be held at the district office, 5927 Euclid Ave. meeting of all comrades working in shops and factories will be held at the South Slavic Hall, 5607 St. Clair Ave. tend this very important meeting, No excuse will be accepted. - Fraternally yours, 1. AMTER, District Secretary. t Communist in the party. From this development, said Com- his process became the largest por-#rade Ruthenberg, we were saved to a tion of the party with 7,000 members, the greater part of whom had no understanding of Communist princi- ples and were carrying on their activities solely as a social organiza- tion. rades had absolutely no pol ceptions, not even of a socialist party, let alone of a Communist Party. We had brot into the party the Jewish, German, Scandanavian, ak and Finnish federations from the socialist party, who had not been thru the process of the earlier period; and naturally the conception of the role and duties of a Communist Party was not as clear for them as it was for those groups in the party which had gone thru the fire of the previous years of struggle toward forming a Bolshevist party. And so we found that there -was a certain crystalliz- ation of these newer elements under the leadership of the group which. came into power in the party convét- tion at the end of 1923. It is not often that one can show sufficiently clearly at the beginning one kind or anothe? kind of grouping in a party; but that this was the situation the dévelép- ment of the past year and a half have ‘ shown. ‘The errors of the party in the year: 1924“were not chance'errors, but “ér- rors that sprang out of the nature’ of" the elements ‘which formed the basis" of the majority of the convention of Great- numbers of these com- 1 con- Czecho-Slov- 1923. If we have a leadership based upon a right wing, that leadership will inevitably make concessions to the gfoup that it represents, and we will find a consolidation between the »rank and file of that group and that leadership. That ig what happened in. 1924. Instead of continuing aur development: instead of continuing the process ‘of Bolshevization, we went on the back track, we began to deviate in the direction of sectarianism, to become once more a propaganda society rather than a Communist Party, to say nothing of a Bolshevized Commun- ist Party. This was shown in the er- ror on the labor party question, which was a sectarian error; and again on the question of women’s work, and still again in the rejecting of propos- als for the formation of other non- party organizations. We had been de- veloping a right-wing sectarianism rather than making the gains that should have been made toward becom- ing a Bolshevik party. Other evidences of the trend during that year, continued Comrade Ruth- enberg, were shown in the issue of Trotskyism and of Loreism, which the party were taking an orientation to- ward the right* wing, toward that group which he had described as the ea + HEAR! of the Official ‘ . 4 ‘ possible to have a united front with the sOcialist forces.’ This proposal is not a proposal for a genuine united front but a proposal that our party should en- ‘Wer into an election alliance with the ~atig-, ond in Toledo. The ground for the objection of the Central Exe- cutive Committee to such a proposal have already been stated in a previ- ous letter to the Toleddé~ comrades. The tactics of addressing an open letter to Devine demanding that he support the calling of the conference of delegates from labor unions, the socialist party afid the Workers Par- ty to support a common labor candi- date and laying down a program on which the candidate would carry on “Ythe election fight would have been correct, but to address to the social- ist candidate a proposal that the Workers Party and the socialist party form an election alliance tends to con- fuse the minds of the workers to the Communist and socialist position and to cover up the gulf which divides the Communists from the socialists. It was permissible, if the efforts to form a united front body in support pf the united front ticket failed for | the Toledo comrades to call upon the workers to vote for the socialist candi- dates for the office for which the Workers Party had no candidates in the final election. But such ‘support of the socialist party would have to be coupled with the severést criticism of its program. This policy would have been something. quite different ‘“|from the! policy proposed in the in- structions of the district organizer which were to the effect that if the united front body to support a united front labor ticket could not be or- ganized it was desirable to have “a united front” with the socialist forces. We could ask the voters to vote for the socialist candidates while criticiz- ing them, but we could not enter into an election deal giving ‘our support to the socialist candidates in return for their support for our candidates. Such a united front could only dis- credit our Derny in the eyes of one | workers, C, BE. RUTHENBERG, General Secretary,
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ere : rae Cito? , . oe f war as a reality. A dynamic Bolshevik is one who has become a Leninist, a will wate a sil ve btn vegerh ud (Special te Tha Daily Worker) | scaled ianecceiennananes pine warrior in the struggle against the capitalist class; na ieee ata at the same time, a network of shop| NEW YORK, Oct. 11—Training for! jg the object of an expedition which | ‘®@t & Powerful army of workers = farmers wr wana me om “a uf po Pan nuclei of our party in control of these | Commynist p and training | ig prepared to leave here for Africa, Leninist theory of fighting against the capitalist class Power of the Union Leaders. The Power of the Nugleus. Seemingly the ofds are against the workers in the shops: There is no party fraction the Communists’ can readily put it thru in the © union. Their propaganda is snot, jimited to one union meeting, or to.one issue of the union organ. -It is-carried on systematically and persistently until the entife shop is won over. The members of the shop nucleus use not only leaflets, party newspapers, the shop-nucieus paper, and the shop meeting, but- what is most effective, the personal interview in the language of the-worker. No provided it is organized and carried out well in a sufficient. number of shops. ' Our party has carried om an effec- OUR DAILY PATTERNS | participation. shop committees. The shop nucle! already organized have in most cases, gained control of the shop com- mittees very quickly. Organize the Unorganized. form of organization and gradually fusing the crafts together into a uni- outlook. for Communist membership are the central aims of the New York Workers School which will open its fall courses beginning about the middle of Oct. The school at 108 E. 14th St., under the ‘control of the Workers Party, will such fundametnal problems as: What is a Party?; The Role of the Com- party, proletarians who have been tested in the fire of the class struggle, is the shop nucleus. The fact that the most active comrades in the trade unions, those who are on the front line trenches, are not active in the party branches, is partly due to a faulty territorial form of organization. The party cannot afford to have these valuable elements abstain from active It is an essential step in Bolshevization that the proletarian elements in the shops wield a more potent influence over and participate more energetically in the formulation of the policies and the destinies of the party. As soon as our comrades in the factories realize the power of the shop nucleus, and energetically try to make use of it, we will be on and Problems,’ three months, instruc- tor, William’ iW. Weinstone; and a course in “Our ‘Work in the Trade Unions,” three: months, instructors, Ben Gitlow and Bert Miller. All com- rades taking the training course will take the “Marxism-Leninism” course for the entiré period of six months and for the first three months, either the trade unioh* course or the course in “Party History, Structure and Pro- blems” taking’ ‘the other one during the second three months. These cour- ses will be so ‘arranged that the com- rades will not“have to spend more than one night 4 week at the’school. Another group of courses of funda- mental importance this year are the English courses. Not only will there be great numbers of non-party work- according to an announcement by Professor |. |. Ivanoff, biologist, who heads the expedition. Professor ivanoff states that the expedition expects startling results The bulk of the courses mentioned above will begin the week of Nov. 9th working class organizations generally To Save THE DAILY WORKER UADUVOQQOUUOOOQQOUOOOGOEOOOGGGUGOOGOOOOOOOOOROOOEOCTOOOOOOUOOEOOGOOOESOUUOOAONL Comrades, lets us understand that our duty as Communists will have to take an entirely different form than heretofore. In the past, we have been con- tent to come to the branch meetings, run a dance or have a class occasionally and blow off a little steam in meaningless discussions. And we called our: selves Communists. We did not un- branch. Let everyone contribute some- thing about the daily struggle of the ties' are for building up a powerful greater enthusiasm, do more active work and become dynamic Bolshe- viks, .. Take this copy ‘of the DAILY WORKER with you to the oe tomorrow. , The party’s campaign for organ- from artificial impregnation of fe- | derstand the tasks of a Communist agency to prevent the spread of the be a training cémter not only for the |. male anthropoids. and therefore could not be effective ° e ea acme a tai eng Ser ie sg tae tivation: th 4 ntin abion, a: the aut shed the ienibices Teoteen ot Pb terlgtenie oma om Bove fot Pratimitery experiments will in- | soldiers in building up our party a. Your U non Meeting- members in ten C and) me organizers, It can onl we clude the cross-breeding of chim- |in gaining influence among e wy has at least one institu a organized leaders wield a trementious ap orl “igs a #4 suc cessfully ihiough canern eee ne Country. Noa panzees, gorillas and orangoutangs. | masses. Therefore, coming to the re-. Second Monday, Oct. 12, 1925. y 100 per cent. over the membership: through party members giso, in fact all pro- alization that our foundation is oa machinery, with | the establishment of shop nuclei in | No.. Name of Local and Meeting Place 4 Offer to Furnish Rate. ‘acon gphsthapdlbggeesr the into ¢| the industries and establishments we | *°**l’® Le gatllageater een wrong, the structure of our house) ¢95 Boller Makers, 5324 8. Halsted St. a ‘The Pinkerton game oct ai ot} Which they can uae “& ra A gghe wish to organize. There is no doubt will find in the 1 some course oF parliamentary law and other details | must be completely renovated. The 14 Boot and Shoe Workers J et \} 4 sending to the bankers, um|the membership, They ‘control the that the’ satty. will heve to dlecardi which ‘wifl make them better | necessary to speaking at meetings of| only kind of a structure in which Sry Wormers telat mn. teased, 9 on the Illinois State n of La-| Uaion orgen which Mercome yee its present haphazard use of its militant ack oe behalf of their! the party, unions and other Workers} to build up a powerful party and to ont 1700 W. ry Werke a> ase Wi, ‘Gin At bor convention resolution. in favor of | Worker in a — int forces. Capable comrades will have Class. organizations; political issues and | gain contact with the masses in the 1 Brides and Structural Iron W “a. unionizing bank clerks. . brie the| have control of tio sree for | to be inducted into key factories and | R he the order of the) their presentation (a cours: in ad-|shop nuclei form. The shop nuclei} ,,.. ers. 910 W. Monroe St se memo was inclosed an otter to co-| Which ip an additional — late ‘achentrias far organization purposes, | 2#Y im the It is no less the} vanced public speaking); and various| are our training camps. Comrade velt Road. , ; operate with the banks in meeting| Propagande. They can = to| power plants, transportation lines | Tder. of the. in this educational | courses in, literature. Probably the | Lenin said every workshop should be} ., CaP Makers, 4003 Roosevelt, Road. the situation. on. Meee Se a panes telephone and telegraph companies, work ee fields. micst interesting of these is . course| our stronghdid. Let us make a. vow] 40 arpenters, 4039 W. Madigon St. Bank clerks in Chicago. are terrific: have meetings oe nao in the} and the large trustified plants which The school hag for its most imme-| to he given by Mcissaye J. Olgin en-| that we will do our utmost to make tebe oo ase Coie ally exploited. There are. ore. 3 yeae.; taveralie ‘tine ene son bale dominate each particular industry. | 7#te task to direst and initiate a sim-| titled “The Living Revolution,” a study | every workplace ours. That is what 7 gegaag * bank clerks in loop b most favorable: manner. «' Their tthe gh " wil ultaneous cougse in every shop nu-| of the reflection of the Rus;ian revo-| Bolshevization of our party means.| 416 , 605 S. Sta ness agents and other officials use e shop nucleus 1 be the center f th = 419 Carpenters, ant. e ow oa $80 a month. Quite a fe as orkers to|ffom which will radiate the energy | “@™S %° that within a period of three} jiuticn in Russian literatu’e. Other | When the district office gives us de-| 448 Carpen St, Wauke- low as $60 a month or less than $15 their contacts with the wor and the power behind these organ-1 °° six montha every member of the? ocurses to be offered during the schoo! | finite instructions to reorganize, which 1287 Carpe P 2040 W. North A a week. In the outlying banks — strengthen their hold upon the organ- eaitam eceuiatiin, “Skth was devas | party in New York will have been edu-| ;eason are a course in political econ- | will probably be within a few weeks, Carpenters, 6654 S. Halsted St. a month is not unusual. — ization. It is in their power to render in ik eae ok taaiaiend pad nh | cated in “The Fundamentals of Lenin-! jn,y; a study in Marx’s capital; The] let us be prepared in more ways than] ‘4 Cigar st Es See Union “Labor” Bank Fights: Union een a Se te Gn alee ast year, where the sho weeiel hhh ism.” In order to prepare the enorm-| Economics and Politics of the Era of | »ne. Articles by workers correspond- pers’ Joint Wx. Ba, 2525 ®. The union sent its president, Joe| workers, thus giving them an addi eceaaua ik peace peer in| OUS staff of dmstructors or rather) Trusts (imperialism); Historic Ma-|2nts on the reorganization, on the} , /,fisisted St ou Gita Shafir, as delegate to the A. F. of L.| tional hold upon them. ‘Then too,/ "tity te eee of ah group discussion leaders to direct'this } terialism; a study of Socialist Philo-| shop nuclei and international branch nr she : ; annual convention in Atlantic City. | there is the prestige which goes with | uh Seca work in all of*the nuclei simuitane-|sophers; the Fundamentals of Com-| basis, on Communist work in the| 40 Engineers, i118. Ashland Ave. ve Shafir, who is employed by the Amal-| an official title, which has consider- Amalgamation. ously, there will be a shop nucleus} munism; etc. shops and trade unions article con- $69 ese 180 Ww. Washington: st gamated, is pushing two resolutions, | able influence upon'the average rank} Amalgamation cannot be realized | +:aining coursé in the central school.| The school will have branches or|cerning the workers in the shops. 629 Engineers, 180 W Was one requesting the A. F. of L. to as-} and filér. And last but not least they ‘through preaching and propaganda To this course every shop nucleus will| annexes in all sections of the city in| should be written up at once. Until Z velt Roa sign an organizer to co-operate in| have the support of the gcapitalist/ alone. There must be some medium | senq a leading comrade, preferably its| which the fundamentals of Commun-|the reorganization, let the branch be| 7° eee ae). Oe unionizing banks in important cen-| press whenever they take a “respect-| which acts as a unifying force be-| organizer, and this comrade will be} ism’ and English courses will be offer-|an experimental laboratory. Let every | 60 Firemen and Enginemen, 5068 pis on bapa ga ete on aang non sal 6 ae roi Salen aaa Obee: i ee cameal Sadiiile’s dotantia’ wat trained to direct the comings yt i ed and in which there will be public | comrade cooperate in creating an in- + {Wentworth Others. 175 W. Wash. convention a unions e wor , r urse will include theit bower to insist thet all labér | inuniats. : constantly the inefficiency of the craft his nucleus, Te co forums on Sunday nights. teresting wall newspaper in the/ 7144 Gardeners and Florists, Neidog’s Hall, Hinsdale, ae, Hotel and F Resta t Empl’s Joint 166 W. Washington, 227 Railway: "Carmen, Cicero and Supe- meetings are at 8 p. m.) That worker next door to you may not have anything to do to- night. Hand him this copy of the DAILY WORKER. the road to the formation of a mass ers anxious to take these courses in Communist party in this country. English but in addition there will be perhaps even greater numbers of members of the various language federations anxious to prepare them- selves for active participation in the shop. nuclei or international branches of the reorganized party in which English will be the official language used. 1 To take care. of the entire foreign speaking membership of the party as | well as other workers desirous of perfecting their English, a large staff | of English teachers has been recruited | and many courses in elementary, in- | termediate and advanced English will | be given. Many of these courses will . Start the week of Oct. 12th simultane- ously with the beginning of the defin- ite reorganization of the party. _ Other important courses in connec- tion with Engligh literature and pub- lic speaking will be offered. They in- clude “Workers Correspondence (a course in Prolétarian Journalism)”: elementary composition; elementary public speaking which will include _—_—_——— & | GIRLS’ GYMN ASIUM §UIT LADIES’ DRESS | | Wrap your lunck ina copy of fhe DAILY WORKER and give it (the DAILY WORKER, ‘not the wene™) to your shop- mate. | sick AND DEATH BENEFIT SOCIETIES Frauen- Kranken -Unterstuetzungs Vere! Fortschritt . They are trying to break:-the Zeigler Spirit. They removed Zeigler’s fighting union officers. They murdered Mike Sarovich. They arrested 26 of his co-workers. ''They are trying to railroad 15 of them to the penitentiary. FIGHT the Zeigler Frame-up! The mine bosses, the Ku Klux Klan, Farrington’s machine, and the State Power are all lined up in this dastardly conspiracy against the Zeigler miners. } Meets every ist & 3rd Thursday, Wicker Park Hall, 2040 W. North Avenue. Secretary. we To those who work hard for their. money, | will save 50 per cent on all their dental work. DR. RASNICK DENTIST 645 Smithfield Street PITTSBURGH, PA. ; A eee — oo ATTENTION! . ATTENTION! MASS MEETING Members of the International Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union are invited to attend this meeting, at which the latest ) | | developments and the settlement of the controversy in ‘the 5082. Cut in 6 sizes: 34, 36, 38, 40,| _NO#ICE TO PATVERN BUYERS—The I. L. G. W. U. in New York will be explained. 42 and 44 pod on measure. A 38 WOR le grthcie attamant ase tabs To Be Held ORKER pattern department are fur- inch size requires 4 yards of 40 inch Monday, October 12th, at 8 P. M. material. The width of the dress at nished by a New York firm of pattern ASHLAND AUDITORIUM (Small Hall) wenenec rere, Create are forwarded by the foot is 567 inches. Corner Ashland and Van Buren. ‘8, 10, 12, 14 as Cut in 5 sizes: and 16 years. To make the suit for a 12 year size as in the large view re- quires 4% yards of 36 inch material. 5234. * Act Quickly! The Danger Is Great! Time Is Pressing! Hurry Up With HELP! : Send contributions to the DAILY WORKER every day as re- ceived, and they are mailed by the man- ufacturer direct to the customer. The DAILY WORKER — hot’ keep a stock of patterns on Delivery of pat- terns ordinarily will take at least “4 days KASHION BOOK NOTICE! Send 12c in silver or stamps for out up-to-date Fall and Winter, 1925.26,| ‘Tom, the date of bo Speaker: IDA ROTHSTEIN, a member of‘the I. L. G. W. U. : . Be Te ae eee eee Saat SE your” pattern is and a representative of the National Committe of the Needle International Labor Defense Ilsses’, and children's patterns, a con: Trades Section of the T. U. E. L. cise and comprehensive. a icle on dress- making, also some pov or the needle The DAILY WORKER. sub. 23 So. Lincoln St., Chicago, IIl. MOLL LO UML f t | | | | VE aS aac RI All Needle Trades Workers are Invited to Come {é this Picciing. ting 30 of the. various simpie} scription list is ; ‘ol i bas ; ROA eg bits 424) "al we labia ce “1 A pete crip A Aommunist Under the Auspices of the Needle Trades’ National Com Poe ee '® dressmaker j honor roll. Is your name on it? | ADMISSION FREE.
Page 6
“4 ~ SS on pete. 4 seep nga a 2 ‘ ’ z 1y : 7 ah ” ge ste Dt a ee me by the DAILY WORKER PUBLISHING CO. , MM, Phone Monroe 4712 “SUBSCRIPTION RATES anemci st os =n (in Chicage only): By mail (outside of Chieage)s $8.00 $4.50 six months | a three months $6.00 per year $3.50 six months $2.00 three months Address all mail and make out checks to THE DAILY WORKER, 1118 W. Washington | Bivd., Chicago, Ilinols NB ff " Ones J. than Business Manager tered as second-class mail September 21, 1923, at the post-office at Chi- - cago, LiL, under the act of "March 3, 1879. Advertising rates on application. = The Proposal to. Deport Purcell Green’s attack on Purcell at the American Federation of Labor convention is followed by ‘a ‘broad hint from the Washington Post, organ of the Coolidge administration, that he should be deported. The close connection ‘between the officials of the American labor movement and the blackest forces of imperialist reaction is revealed clearly in this one incident. , The moment that the, strjkebreaking Coolidge administration is sure that A. A. Purcell, Svalbniae of the International Federation of Trade Unions, is unwelcome to the Greens, Wolls and Lewises it throws off all restraint. Capitalist imperialists and labor imper- ialists unite in opposition to the spokesmen of the most powerful section of the trade union movement—Purcell is fraternal delegate from the British Trade Union Congress—and the international or- ganization, not of revolutionary but of reformist unions. American imperialism dominates the world. The American Federation officials, supported by the labor aristocracy, are carrying out the schemes of their masters. Purcell spoke for world trade unity. He urged unity with the Russian trade unions and pointed out, in a manner that President Green could not and did not atempt to answer, the need for solid- arity of the organized workers as against that of their exploiters. This is his crime. The German fraternal delegates—social-demo- crats who praised the Dawes plan and licked the boots of Wall Street, Haberman, fraternal delegate from Mexico, who lauded the A. F. of L. for its participation in the conspiracy to betray Mexican labor to American imperialism—these trucklers to the power of the American dollar backed by bayonets, are welcomed by Green and no proposal for their deportation comes from any source. The Pureell incident is an international scandal and will cause every honest trade unionist to hang his head ‘in shame, but it will serve to show to the mass of American workers the eunuch -like character of the leadership of the trade union movement here. Purcell is to make a speaking trip:thru the industrial sections of the United States after the convention. It is probable that, the government, acting together with the executive council of the.Amer- ican Federation of Labor, has in mind to prevent Purcell being hegrd by the rank and file of labor. So far they have suceeded only in arousing additional interest but more drastic measures may be expected and then the left, wing of organized labor must arouse the workers to public demonstrations that will make clear to the ruling class and. the labor traitors that it will permit the labor movement to be dragged no deeper into fhe mire. OVI. ' 7 . A Suggestion to the S. P. The socialist party of America, to the best of its limited ability, is engaged in discrediting the Russian revolution and betraying the revolutionary movement in .the United States. rower 4 This has not prevented it, however, from talking about revolu- tion and using revolutionary phrancolviax to some*extent—the extent needed to fool the less discerning workers. But even revolutionary phraseology has its dangers. At leat the Milwaukee Ledder, organ of the socialist party, has come. to,Ahat conclusion. It appears that the Leader is worried over the fact. that the Communists use the word revolution in the sense of a. violent struggle between the capitalist class and: the working class as. the final phase of the conflict for power. . The Leader, in its issue of October 1, says: ra Chairman C. T. Cramp of the British laber party congress did well to point out the looseness of the way in which the word “revo- lution” is often flung around. Some good socialists use it as meaning simply the peaceful change which we are trying to bring about. ‘That is a dangerous use to make of the word—for the reason that it is more often misunderstood than understood. The average person thinks the word means only violent revolution. And, since that is the sense in which the Communists use it, IT 1S THE SENSIBLE | THING FOR SOCIALISTS TO DROP THE WORD OUT OF THEIR VOCABULARY. In one sense we agree with the Leader: Seeing that the socialists are for everything in the world but a working class revolution, Esthonia, Finland, garia, Italy, Poland, that in every European country they are the most vicious foes of the working class, that in Germany, Bul- Georgia and Russia, their | eect EES are, he BS ER all in- By MANUEL GOMEZ. gress and rip vi the continent of HE aircraft investigation at Wash- ington was a two-days’ wonder ... which means that of all the sessions | of the investigating board, those two days when Col. Billy Mitchell was on the witness stand, boasting and snar)- ing and spitting out sarcastic epi- grams at the expense of his pot-bel- lied superiors of the army and navy, were the only ones that counted. And they were a merorable two days! In- stinctively, newspaper editors realiz- ed that something significant was tak-, ing place, not merely because. the scandal of it and the fact that Col. Billey is a “typical matinee idol of the army,” made it “good copy,” nor yet because it has become policy now to play up all things military—but be- cause the testimony of the flashy, vulgar colonel was true talk which implies a new stage in modern war- fare, so terrible as to a one’s breath away. OL. MITCHELL says to the gen- erals: “Take your spurs off and get into a motor car. Get the most powerful missle-throwing weapons that can be devised, both for rapidity, penetration, and for range.” He fore- tells the use of yet more murderousjis world war at léaét in its implica- explosives and poison gases, with the | tions—because of its basis in world all-seeing airplane dominating sea and | imperialist policy. | ‘Warfare was land, sinking ships, destroying supply | »nce largely a matter of relatively depots, railroads and canals, and forc-| ;mall armies—of infantry, cavalry ing the évacuation of whole cities by | and light artillery; ‘this was underf the simple process of dropping tons/| feudalism and during the earliest wars of explosives upon the inhabitants. |for ‘the establishment of national What especially characterizes Col-| states, when markets were extreme] onel Michell’s testimony is a sense Of |)\mited and local economy was e the world-wide scope of contemporary irule. With the expansion of markets military operations, and of foreign pol-| the navy came more and more promi- icy. Having learned well Clause-| nently to the fore, until, with the de- witz’s familiar phrase that “war is velopment of imperfalism, Admiral just a continuation of politics by other} Mahan was able to say that he who means,” it is not difficult for him to} controls the seas controls the destin- locate presumptive enemies. First of| jes. of the world. It appears as tho all Great Britain, the foremost world | the day of the plane will come next. competitor of American capitalism; |(ol, Billy Mitchell, the passionate ad- then Japan, then a combination of/|vocate of airplane suptemacy, is “the Great Britain and Japan, with Or|fair-haired boy” of, , contemporary without additional complicating alli-| super-imperialism. ances. F course if the airplane is to. dem- EGARDING Great Britain, he says inate it will be dniyoas a technical “fronically: “Altho it may be un-| instrument, as a weapon.) The war of thinkable that we have any trouble | 1914-18 proved, among other things, with her, it is the main reason that} hat the machinery of industrialism is our defenses on the Atlantic are}the real determining factor in pres- necessary.” ent-day warfare. Germany held the Arguing for a powerful and mobile | allies at bay for three. yéars, and de- air force, he calls attention to the|feated them, because’of*her industrial clash of interests in the Far Eeast| advantage, consolidated‘at the very over the domination of Asia. The as-} outset of the conflict*itOwas only the pirations of Japan in the Far Bast|superior industrial Tesources of the with the able" ambitions of. Atevtoen capital- ism—with the result that Col. Mit- chell calls for airplane bases in Alaska and the Hawaiian islands, and tresses the value of the air force in a joint war against Great Britain and Japan on the ground that it “can be used along the Aflantic coast and within 36 hours can be applied on the Pacific coast, or versa.” As if to indicate nd the shadow of a doubt that he knows his way around in the world, the charming to the importance the air force for uture operations centering about the Caribbean sea. wf ‘HETHER or not the spectacular colonel] is right in saying that “an @erplane can sink any ship that is built or that can be built,” he un- doubtedly represents a new era in modern warfare, thé era when all war witness devoted extra paragraph peti reeeaiene 42 rE i Hi ging bureaucrats of the army and vy departments, who still move thin the narrow circle of an out- worn routine, clinging to it in des- peration because they sense that they will ‘be left behind and will not be able to ‘maintain themselves in the new world that Billy Mitchell speaks of so familiarly. ILLY MITCHELL is to be court- martialed. No doubt he will be hounded out of the army, amid the lamentations of the “liberals” and so- cialists of all shades, who are already bemoaning the unjust fate of this young “martyr of reform.” But the liberals and socialists can cease wor- rying. Billy Mitchell’s career is not at an end; it is just beginning. ¢ Mitchell will be en care of. He will be given ample opportunity to complete the revolution which he has pend started. Five seconds after he is out of the army his “figure will loom por- tentously across the political horizon of these United States. Billy Mitchell has still more valuable services. to give to American imperialism. How Chairman Morrow. (ef the air- craft investigating board—and of J. P, Morgan & Co.) must have chuck- led to read the lofty interviews ‘given out by the delegates to the in- terparliamentary union, who began to arrive in Washington to discuss peace and disarmament—on the very day that Billy Mitchell took up his con- crete analysis of war preparations for i ne. 2,000,000 mark. un- favorable ‘outlook of the rice crop and the Chinese uprisings are also contri- outing to the-depression and dead-| locked position of Japanese ca capital- The prices of necessities, particul- | arly on rice, are going up. Wages are @ and time again. | the ot objective con- in ripe and favor- ization:and territorialism. is being telt everywhere. Syndicalism, is _ still blossoming among the metal and | printing trades. ‘ Undoubtedly it will require some time before we will be able to put our: selves on “thecright track. stance, just) recently, we still had a split in the: Japanese Federation ,of- ed sectionvof But due. te:the failure of the German | a struggle with Japan, with England,}revolutiomvand:the temporary stapil- with a combination of allied powers! ] the consent of By J. JACQUEMOTTE (Brussels) have ‘been. “ oe erties bour-. T has taken 73 days to arrive at the I geoisie and, as formation of a government which government, declares that it is supported by aj if it Wished t ‘its pro- large and reliable majofity in both | 5™¢m™, could onl ‘done so if, in its fight against capitalism, it had actepted the support of the organ- ized forces of the ‘Proletariat. HEN followed Broqueville’s , at- tempt to patch together the brok- en fragments of the dlerical liberal ministry. In vain! “© Thereupon the catholic party formed@@a@ united min- istry, thanks to the Hostile attitude of the other. parties, fell on the’ first day of its existence..! But the formation 6&this ephemeral cabinet which had teen formed by the catholic minister;-,.Vandevyvere, had one chief object, that of proving to the.chamber itself the impossibility of coystructing a uniform cabinet whether catholic or socialist, and further to demonstrate in public de- bate that the program of the Vande- vyvere cabinet and the government program advocated by the special de- mocrats are in essentials as like as two peas. After Max, the mayor of Brussels, had acted as mediator, Poullet, who had been a minister in the Theunis the chamber and the senate, in other words, the formation of a strong ernment. Doubtless the new govern- ment will remain in existence as long as the social democrats, who belong to it, renounce the defense of the in- terests of the proletariat. The election of April.5, 1925, brot about signifitant changes in the rep- resentation of the political parties, and it cannot be denied that taken as a whole, the mass of the workers explicity voted for the left. The rapid collapse of the hopes which were expressed by the last bal- lot of the electors, will not be less marked. , From 1921-1923, the clerical-liberal government pursued a cle...” and open reactionary policy, suppurted by the Catholic right and by the liberal party. HE most characteristic “factors” of this policy are participation in the criminal adventure in the Ruhr, in prohibit the legal existence of the hands are red with the blood of revolutionary workers, that, socialist ministers hold position in more than one murderous ernment, we suggest that for the word substitute “counter-fevolution.” capitalist gov- “revolution” the socialists In this way their vocabulary will suffer no loss and as the word necurately describes their purposes it will do much to clarify work- ing class thought. Working for War in Atlantic City The convention of the American Federation of Labor follows in the footsteps of William Randolph Hearst and cries out about the “vellow peril.” with Japanese. It scents, so its officials say, a plot to flood America This is gne of the most effeetive ways of making war propaganda for American imperialism. of the militarists and its necessity their Wall Street masters. War with Japan is one of the pet hopes one of the eardinal beliefs of The officialdom of labor joins in the chorus and with the hypo- critical pretense of protecting American labor prepares the ground for the slaughter of both American and Japanese workers. This is one way in which the tools of imperialism in the labor movement’earn their share of imperialism’s super-profits. More bituminous mines open up as the anthracite strike con- tinues. This relieves.the strain in the fuel market and helps to defeat both ‘soft and hard coal miners. the answer, ~ _— i we wet a member for the Workers Party and a new subscription | for the DAILY WORKER. vee : A strike jn the whole industry is | common with Poincare, the attempt to cabinet, undertook the mission of forming a cabinet and, after a great deal’ ‘of. bargaining, subterfuges and roundabout, ways, arrived.at the aim which had been pursued for more than ten weeks. A’ tatholic-socialist Communist Party (the so-called Com- munist plot against the security of the state, March, 1923), the crushing of the railway strike by- illegal mobiliza- tion of the strikers, and the persecu- tion of the active elements in May,| government was formed. Twelv« 1923; the raising of the heavy taxes } ministries are provided for, five cath- with which the workers are burden- | Olics, five socialists and two personali- ed; a general policy of “limitation of | ties who are regarded as “liberaliz expenses” to the disadvantage of the | ing” or as standing “outside party: proletariat in order to restore equili-| Baron Rolin-Jaqueniyns and General brium in the budget—in vain by the | Kestens who has taken over the min- bye! istry of war. The result of the election, which re- Rolin-Jaquemyns “Was the Belgian duced the liberal representativés by | delegate in the inter-allied supreme- more than one-third and cost the cleri- cals one seat, is a condemnation of the policy pursued by the clerical li- beral government. The social demo- cratic party was the great beneficiary of the discontent with the-policy of the Theunis ministry, which had ac- cumulated among the proletarian and petty bourgeois masses. The crushed liberal party declared that they would not take part in the formation of a new ministery, they prefer to be once more in the parlia- | mentary opposition, doubtless, in the hope that they would again acquire electoral virginity. Thereupon a truly murderous game with combinations of ministries was witnessed. The social democrats. whose leader, Emile Vandervelde had. been commissioned to form a minis- tories of Germany;;; O* the eve of the formation of the cabinet, the right elements of the catholic party had raised an objec- tion to the first praisae of a Poullet- Vandervelde combination in whic the “non- -democrats” would not have had enough influence. try, having convinced themselves 0} | the impossibility of splitting. off som: | elements from. the groups of the cler —_—— icals and liberals which would navy been prepared to participate in a gov | erament of the socialist left against af M OT es : 2. s — Lome commission for the~ occupied terri- y etased 10, suit * mater of fact, in wpe of the net by the saoerose of the ne aber | alizing’’ members, the government is actually a catholic-socialist govern- ' ment. And the long comedy of the form- ation of a “democratic” government ends with the formation of a cabinet which was constructed thanks to the. whole catholic right entering into a coalition with the social democrats. And vice versa. , The true character of this new gov- simple statement; of the five catholic ministers, four were members of the previous Theunis cabinet and support- ed its external and internal policy. The fifth catholic minister, Jansen is ) director of the Banque Nationale de Belgique. It was he who was com- missioned by the league of nations to report on the plans for the “re- construction of Austria’ which led to the enslavement of the Austrian people for the benefit of international] finance. NANCE is represented by Minis- ister Vandeyvere who will belong to the combination created by Poul- let. He “is well known to the Bel- of the interior in 1912, when, on the occasion of the general strike of the Walloon workers, shortly after the election of 1912, which had been a vie-. tory fox clericalism, the géndarmes fired on the workers—-who had peace- ably installed themseives in the “Pop- ulaire” of Liege—killing and wound- ing several of them. . This means that the reformist lead- ers are by no means disgusted by it. But it is certain that this will soon be quite clear to the workers! Inspidelaliok Agents Rob Soviet Courier | 35 Miles from Moscow Sgr RIGA, Latvia, Oct. 11.—It is report- f \¢. from Moscow that early last Tues- uay morning the express train from Moscow to Warsaw was held up at a point 35 miles out of Moscow and one of the passengers, a secretary ‘of Tchitcherin, carrying important -docu- ments to the Soviet commissar for for- eign affairs now visiting in Germany, was robbed of these important papers. The robbers are not regarded as Sandits after money, but as secret sevice agents of the imperialist pow- ers who are at present building an anti-Soviet bloc of nations in western mate -war on: the workers’ republic. There were fifteen armed men in the band, which disappeared in the forests following the -robbery with red army ernnient is revealed by the following | gian workers. He was minister of |} turope in evident preparation for ulti- | ization of: papitalism, ete., reformism began to-manifest itself within this ; - the right wing and| awithin the Japanese Fed- eration-ef jabor came into existence, | _ very aay” he ih fist. sgpembiéd -in a conférence and _ heaters@ebate decided to accept. the chaHenge. and decision of -the new federation—The Council of. the. Trade ‘Unions: 0 of Japan. We, the: Cc iste overe. against the accept-. ance of: ‘thewthallenge, but we were too. weak tojstem the tide of dualism. Altho the: ‘Japanese Federation of Labor splitiim: 50-50, yet we the left. wingers. afe)pfacing isolation. The Suzukis’ and; Nishios are trying their damndest: to detach us from the gen-' eral labor. movement. It is quite pos sible that: owing to the favorable al jective canditions and the political de- velopmentsAthat we will be able to }of organized labor voted to partici-” For in} Labor. In ‘a nutshell, the case was| as follows: The: ‘Japanese Federation |. of Labor,*embracing 25,000 workers,} was the:leadimg and the most advanc- | labor in Japan. { growing stronger neat rine bce ia ed to right wig'and resolved to organize a ~ }the Communist group. conference. Labor Party Campaign. | campaign = + almost swing . ‘whole of rganized > labor. far already a big “majority pate in ming epinevess ot me labor ari). Here ‘i I shall that - 10th the first sreitente: ce. will .take place at vie will be 45 delegates senting 127,000 organ- or strictly speaking, _At this first prelim- y eonference the number of iherents will be nine. We will that that the: ‘constituent convention of the ‘labor party shall be held ‘not later ‘than September; that the new party ag RB oe Bape: A a fighting organization for the - nan | conguest of political power, /cOurse, we will try to force toward | the left as far as possible without | breaking it: We hope that we will avoid the mistakes you have made in Americe. You can be sure of that— that we Japanese Communists know all about your experiences in the United States and will profit from them. a the Militant “Progressive Barber,” Just Oe the Press “The nie nae ae Barber, one of the livest and most brilliant of the T. U. EB. L. papers, is off the press. It is a Teal. barbers’ paper with just enough trade union news to connect it with the general left wing move- ment in this country. The make-up history of the barber trade by Joseph Giganti are tr and are read with avidity by the the bar bers. The cartoons appearing in this issue tell the story of the Chicago expulsions. Contributions from read- ers demonstrate how wide-awake bar- bers view the situation in their union. It leads the fight of the left wing in the barbers’ unions thruout the country, and its method of gaining in- -| formation uf conditions among Dar- bers is well developed and efficient. The Progressive Barber is a real only to the barbers, but to all in “the avoid sectarianism and further dual- Bish by - 16 pages with cover photograph of the speaker in action. Price: Single copies, =, 10c¢ each 25 copies, 8c each 100 copies or more, 5c each troops in pursuit. | * Ke = ae a \ Sivedonmnataifes * aNd ae ay delivered in the Hole of ‘Commons, July 9, 1925 Shapurji Sakdatvala left wing movement of this country. ae A A CC A ee nn es ere eee me re = EO A NR EN Ae American Imperialism aids British Imperialism y keeping out the man who made this attack. You can bring into the] hands of every worker this brilliant exposure of Imperialist , oppression. i left wing paper, and of interest not . A ae a ee » P oy fhe a’ ks - Peat oS Oa Neee cahag’ 5 oe ee BARE St oR Lang ve ok ae Stee hoe ee at ER Fea A eb ee * i ~~ hs aa oS a a 2 ; - - . ; we OS PR OER ee a ee “ih gies Hi _ Sais Snbibeeses. SE ORES eA aw Sh eS sedi - : . Pye a, oe — + ' y 2. i Le. 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