The Far Eastern Review 1925.1

Page 1

Ei tS gue SM=BHTALELEX

ee eee oe ee eee ot SS kh et AAA AAA AA heheheh he Sy ¢ a ea nae 1S LS IMI) TSS Oe iy 9 ae o— Se as + , = - ~ e“y 7* _ . ~ - : > . : t & . +; . awe ; . é ; — * > Ex w FUP CLOSE” A Clase Us Pieture of the Ferces Behind the Antejapanese Agitation of 1919-20 ib a " ey SPILLING THE SIBERIAN BEANS HAVE FAITH IN COOLIDGE | THE CAUSE OF ALL THE TROUBLE IN CHINA IS CHINA TURNING RED? | UNIFICATION BY MEANS OF FREE TRADE MOTIVE POWER DEVELOPMENT ON PEKING- SUIYANG RAILWAY NEW 0O.S.K. MOTORSHIPS MALAYAN COLLIERIES BANGKOK’S TRAMWAYS “TOBACCO INDUSTRY OF KOREA GREATER OSAKA NENA NEW HOME OF MORRISON LIBRARY Ad a Bye Ge yy aarti ae e 4 - Py A eee ig | ~a\A ; yy SS . > ES ee | ener ee TMA ecm - - * ie 7 i: ST Sg pire oa er WESSON Mie te Cee ten. lens y i ee

Page 2

Cut Cost By Better Material-Handling Browning Locomotive Cranes handle heavy materials better, faster, and cheaper, making savings that result jp added profits. Actual service records of Browning Cranes show decided economies in all industries where heavy materials are handled. They operate with equal efficiency with hook-block, magnet, bucket, wood grapple, drag line, pile driver and steam shove] attachments and as a switch engine. _ Puta Browning to work. It will quickly pay for itself out of its savings. Complete descriptive literature on request, The Browning Company 16226 Waterloo Road CLEVELAND, OHIO, U.S.A. New York Philadelphia Chicago St. Louis Sales Agents: Portland Los Angeles ~ San Francisco Montreal Birmingham London, England BUCKETS _ “PALMETTO” is the ideal packing for far distant points where the trans- portation is so long as to affect most packings. “PALMETTO” IS THE MOST ECONOMICAL PACKING ON THE MARKET BECAUSE it lasts so long, not so much of it is required. It contains no rubber, therefore climatic conditions do not affect it—its quality is the same in the tropics as elsewhere. the materials of which it is made are not affected in any eS vow ann CLIN way by age. “4 DO NOT AFFECT “PALMETTO” “* PALMETTO ” is made to give economical service, not to as it contains no rubber or other substance that can be so affected effect frequent sales. For steam, especially high pressure, superheated steam and compressed air ““ PALMETTO ” is without an equal. Free working samples sent te prove the economy of “ PALMETTO’S ” long service. GREENE, TWEED & CO. Sole Manufacturers, 109 Duane St., New York, U.S.A. Stocks carried by China, Shanghai — E. W. Langdon & Co. / | | | The quality of “‘ PALMETTO” is always the same as : i | | | Japan, Tokyo — Horne Co., Lid. i

Page 3

FOUNDED, 1904 The Far Eastern Review ENGINEERING + FINANCE + COMMERCE THE PIONEER IN ITS FIELD A Monthly Review of Far Eastern Trade, Finance and Engineering, Dedicated to the Industrial Development and - Advancement of Trade in Far Eastern Countries. HEAD OFFICE: 16 JINKEE ROAD =- - - - SHANGHAI, CHINA. George Bronson Rea, Editor and Publisher New YorK: Major Jack Hamilton, Special Representative, | MANILA OFFIceE: Fleming, Percy Smith and Seth, 50 Church Street | Roxas Building, Escolta. Great BRITAIN: Walter Judd, L.td., " Berun: Rudolf Mosse, 81-87 Gresham Street, Bank, London, E.C. | 46-49 Jerusalemer Strasse. SUBSCRIPTION IN CHINA: $10.00 Mexican, U. S. & Philippines Gold $5.00, Elsewhere $12.00 Mexican per annum VOL. XX] JANUARY, 1925 NO. 1 CONTENTS: PAGE PaGE “UP CLOSE” .. . 4. a. se *L BRITISH CONTRACTS FOR THE FAR EAST.. .. 22 SPILLING THE SIBERIAN BEANS - +. 38 A BIG ENGINEERING PROJECT FOR FAMINE THE BRITISH BOXER INDEMNITY ........ ~~ 55 RELIEF... "a #23 A “DAWES PLAN” FOR CHINA ......—«..~S——.. +~=3=5 NEW HOME OF THE MORRISON “LIBR ARY.. .. ¥25 THE ROOT OF ALL THE TROUBLE ..... ..... +*6 VALVES FOR IRRIGATION WORKS... ... #26 IS CHINA TURNING RED ? 7 8 RESTORATION OF THE WORKS OF THE NIPPON UNIFICATION BY MEANS OF INTERNAL FREE ELECTRIC COMPANY, LTD. .. .. *27 TRADE 7 9 NEW MOTOR SHIPS FOR THE O. S. K a *28 PERFECTLY SOUND AMERICANISM 4... 10 THE TOBACCO INDUSTRY OF CHOSEN en) | HAVE FAITH IN COOLIDGE! .. .. *11 IRRIGATION AND RIVER CONTROL IN THE INDIAN RAILWAY MAKE DRASTIC CHANGES » NED... - +e 835 NEW FIREFLOAT FOR THE HONGKONG GOVERN: DOES AGRIC ULTURAL IMPROVEMENT. PAY? -- 40 MENT 13 WORTHINGTON LOCOMOTIVE FEED WATER GREATER OSAKA... *14 HEATER... *41 TEST OF THREE-CYLINDER L OCOMOTIVE FOR THE BANGKOK’S TRAMWAYS AND LIG HTING - vw 3 SOUTH MANCHUREA RAILWAY... *16 GAS PRODUCER POWER PLANT WITH PHILIP. | MOTIVE POWER DEVELOPMENT ON THE PEKING. PINES... .. *45 SUIYUAN RAILWAY ..... *20 MALAYAN COLL IERIES, LTD. re *Illustraled with Maps or Photographs —— Registered at the Chinese Post Office as a Newspaper.

Page 4

THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW Admiral Line, The .....--.--+++++- 41 | Electricity Department, S. M.C. .... 4} Jugo Ginko ...... cece eee eee eee eees 56 | Redpath Brown & Co., Ltd. .. : Allen & Co., Ltd., Edgar ..... seeeses 11 | Escher Wyss & Cie..........0.0000. 16 Reyrolle & Co., Ltd., A. .......00°" . American La France Fire Engine Co., Etchells Congdon & Muir, Ltd....... 14| Kanegafuchi Spinning Co., Ltd. .... 10| Ridgway Dynamo & Engine Co. °"' 2! Ce beet ces e es eceesees 31 | Evans & Sons (Wolverhampton), Ld., Kawasaki Dockyard Co., Ltd....... 33 | Royal Bank of Canada .......,,. "°° at American Locomotive Sales Corp..... 25 CREE OSA AREA ROO MNES 9| Kellogg Switchboard & Supply Co. Ruston & Hornsby, Ltd. Nii eee [entree meg thes Co. Sine 1 Under Index i} \ssocia ritis ocomotive Watiariln ‘Oé.. ccscsccwewes ccueeves 35 | Kelvin Bottomley & Baird, Ltd...... 27 Manufacturers for China........ 49 | Fairbanks Morse & Co............. 34] Kitchen & Wade ...............++- 62 esle eth aa re sae seen § Attwater & Sons .......eeeeeeeeees 48 | Fuji Gassed Spinning Co. .......... 10} Kjeliberg Successors, Ltd. .......... 74 Shanehai Muni ic Co., Ltd. 112" $2 Avery, Ltd., W. & Te.csccccvccsceces 11 Kokusai Kisen Kaisha.............. 45 eat haagh ot Loa ng ouneil ......, 4 Babcock & Wilcox, Ltd. ............ $1 | Gas & Fuel Plants, Ltd............. 14] London Directory Co., Ltd........... 61 | Smidth & Co., F. Le ....-- ee, 3 Baldwin Locomotive Works.......... 65 | General Fireproofing Co. .......... 41] Louisiana Planter & Sugar Manufac- Smooth On Mfg. Co. .... sem Fin OF CHMOON. 005 wieseshasacncanss 54 | Gleniffer Motors, Ltd. ............ 13 Gitér, THE: circ eves gnesanaaws 62 | South Manchuria Railway Co. "64, 68, 69 Banque de l’Indo-Chine ............ 56 | Goodbrand & Co., Ltd. ............ 6 Standard Oi] Co. of N. Y. ... 39 Bank of Taiwan, Ltd. .............. 61 | Goodell-Pratt Co. ...........++-.... 35 | Manning, Maxwell & Moore, Inc..... 14 | Standard Underground Cab le Co. 36 Berger Manufacturing Co. ........ 5 | Green Island Cement Co., Ltd., The.. 20] Mather and Platt, Ltd............... 9 | Stewarts & Lloyds, Ltd. .......... 4g aaa Steel Export Corp. ...... 73 | Greene, Tweed & Co. .........++-- Cover | McConway and Torley Co.........-. 74 | Sturtevant Co., B. F......... 22... gg BG Gs; Fe Ws scacnecwa scene cana 19 | Greenfield Tap & Die Corp........... 21] Mills & Manning, Inc............--. 52 | Sulzer Bros. ..........-+-.-, (Text) 43 Ss i 2 eee rrr eee Te 39 | Mitsubishi Bank, Ltd. .............. 57 | Sumitomo Goshi-Kaisha ..........., 69 British-American Tobacco Company Hasler te Works.....-+---+-. 36 Mitsubishi Iron & Steel Co., Ltd.. gg | Sumitomo Bank, Ltd. .............. 69 CRIED. ccs siacrsmaseceens 9 | Heinemann, A.G., Gebr. .......... 19 | Mitsubishi Marine & Fire Ins. Co., Ld. 38 | S¥perheater Co., The.............. 9 Browning Co., The ........-...+. Cover | Hongkong Rone Manufacturing Co. . 20] Mitsubishi Shoji Kaisha ............ 18 Bucyrus Company ..........--.--+++:. 7 | Hongkong & Shanghai Banking Cor- Mitsubishi Warehouse Co. .......... 3g | Thornycroft & Co., Ltd., JohnI..,.. | Ruhler Brothers .........-.-- (Text) 48 POTATION..... cece e eee e eee en eee 59 | Mitsubishi Zosen Kaisha, Ltd........ 99 | Toshin Soko ......ccceeeeeeeennece 40 Butterfield & Swire ................ 44 | Hongkong & Whampoa Dock Co., Ld. 30, Mitsui Bank, Ltd. ...............+0- 57 | Toyo Kisen Kaisha .......-...0.0.. 48 Horsfall & Bickham, Ltd. .......... 13 | Mitsui Mining Co. ...............++- 1g | Trimont Manufacturinz Co. ... 0c, 2 Canada Carbide Co., Ltd............ 70 | Hotel Statler Co. ...-....eseeeeeeee 3] Mitsui Bussan Kaisha ............-. 26 : bs Chambers Scott & Co., Ltd. ........ 14 ; : Motor Rail & TramCarCo. ........ 5) United States Steel Products Com. Cyateret Bank of India, Australia & bape Japanese Government Rail- g7 | Mustard & Co....-...ee eee ee eee ees 74 PaNy-.-..--+es .. 23, 37, Back Cover Cc ewe te eee eee eee tee eee eee 8 De SIS GEE Re ae SO te ee ee ’ Columbia Ribbon & Carbon Mfg. Co. 70 Industrial Bank of Japan, Ltd....... 58 | Nippon Menkwa Kabushiki Kaisha... 50 Walworth International Co. .... 7 pagerse ann aed yaa 75| Nippon Yusen Kaisha ............ 46, 47 Wer ng noase Electric International : ‘ nternational Banking Corporation.. 55] Ni h Oe CS eae ey ee. eee eo rree 78 Daido Electric Power Co., Ltd. ...... 28 | International General Electric Co., Nobel Induxteres. Ltd. : 95 | Williams & Co., J. H. ; Dai-Ichi Ginko ....-..---+++++++0e: 62 BEL. voccas we nie atrecetevnretnn ales RAR ete ee ee oN een Ee -- | Worthington Pump & Mac chinery ‘Céss Dai Nippon Brewery Co. ............ 34 Okura & Co. (Trading), Ltd......... 24 VGPECIORS 6:65 5:2 c-cd WER Wins AloTeck 71 Diamond State Fibre Co............. 15 | Japan Sugar Co., Ltd. .......-..--+- 6| One Hundredth Bank, Ltd., The.... 59 Dixon Crucible Co., Joseph .......... 70-| Jardine Engineering Corporation, Osaka Shosen Kaisha ............ 49 || Yarrow & Co., Ltd). s cssewriscnsse 8 Dodge Brothers..........++-++0++-: 3 Ws TRE cada c eSG F oSwARR eres 12 eres 42) Sokshama Dock Co. Ltd. ....... 34 Drewry Car Co., Ltd. .....-.+-.-+-- 13 | Jones & Lamson Machine Co......... 63 | Pooley & Son, Ltd., Henry ........ 4| Yokohama Specie Bank, L ND sconce "Cover j KELLOGG KELLOGG Kellogg radio parts have long been recognized as and build his own set. of the highest standard in radio equipment. We We also carry complete stocks of the tamous ° $9 . . « : carry complete stocks of parts from which the “Symphony” radio receiving sets, A and B radio amateur and professional radio fan may select batteries and radio equipment. “USE IS THE TEST” Sets $30 and up Kellogg Switchboard & Supply Company Head Office and Factory, Chicago, U.S.A. 62 KIANGSE ROAD SHANGHAI, CHINA ee i ee —_—

Page 5

January, 1925 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW ] = —E—E——EE —EEE sar — — ———— eee 600-144 inch holes per hour through 2 inch steel plate is not an excessive drilling rate for the 6 ft. “AMERICAN” TRIPLE PURPOSE RADIAL No other standard Radial Drill has the great power, the wide range of speeds and feeds and the many refinements of the ‘‘American.’’ The ‘‘American’”’ Triple Purpose Radial will produce your work faster, better and at lower cost. WRITE FOR EFFICIENCY BULLETIN Agents; Andersen, Meyer & Co., Ltd., Shanghai and Manchuria Horne Co., Ltd., 36 Kawaguchi-cho, Nishi-ku, Osaka, Japan THE AMERICAN TOOL WORKS COMPANY H. P. Gregory & Co., Sydney & Melbourne Pacific Commercial Co., Manila, P. Honolulu Iron Works, Honolulu, HT. Lathes CINCINNATI, U.S.A. Shapers-Radials AND CO., LIMITED ENGINEERS & SHIPBUILDERS All types of Shallow Draft, River and Ocean Craft, Water Tube Boilers, Steam Turbines, Marine Engines, Steam or Motor Propelled, Side Wheel, Stern Wheel Oil Fuel Gear, Propellers. The ‘* Thornycroft”’ Oil or Tunnel Stern, War Vessels, Submarines, Cruisers, Fuel Sprayer, Marine Motors, from |5bhp. for Petrol or Cargo and Passenger Vessels to 5,000 tons, Motor Parafhn, Stationary Oil Engines for Lighting, Pumping, Boats to 40 knots. and Power Plants. 3 Canton Road, SHANGHAI :: Thornycroft House, Westminster, London, S.W.1. & Southampton, England -

Page 6

2 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW January, 1925 —— When the Fire starts— —the “GRINNELL ” starts— —and extinguishes the Fire! It is simple! The fire starts—and it starts the “Grinnell.” There is no slichtest risk of the “ Grinnell'’s” failure to operatc—so long as the water s: ip- KILL THE FIRE AT ply is assured, (The fire ‘teelt mates such a tisk cin Sabet ') Out wi E come the watcr-—and out will so the fre. AND—a general alarm is raised THE OUTSET! 9 se You know just how s sre: atly a disastrous fire will delay your conimercial progress. The “Grinnel pS then, is a sound business proposition—an invest- ment in soodwill. >\RINNELL pour a flood of wate AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER pra oe - e estroyer, meets P AND FIRE ALARM its destroyer before it has attained more than a few minutes’ growth! You cannot write tco soon for “Grinnell” information Park Works, Manchester, and at 14, Great Smith Street, London, $.W.l1. Mlanerx 1D q (J nr Agents in China: LIDDELL BROS. & CO., LTD. aur Shanghai, Tientsin and Hankow. Representative: Mr. F. Fletcher. 47 Szechuen Road, Shanghai Mckers of Fire-Fighting Devices Representative in Japan: Mr. W. Frith, 7 Goko-dori, 4-chome, Kobe “@ae/FIRE/FIRE/FIRE/FIRE/ FIRE! FIRE/ Any time during the 24 hours of the day, whether in staff working hours or in the time between, whe- ther the premises are occupied cr not, the “Grinnell” is ready to pour a flood of water upon the fire WE MANUFACTURE PUMPS FOR EVERY PURPOSE To be worked by HAND, STEAM, BELT, WIND, WATER or ELECTRIC POWER SINKING PUMPS for COLLIERIES, MINES, Etc. Write for “Eastern’’ List. JOSEPH EVANS & SONS (WOLVERHAMPTON) LTD, CULWHEHLIL WORKS, WOLVERHAMPTON, ENGLAND. Agents for China J. WHITTALL & CO., LTD. 16 Victoria Terrace Stocks Kept in 26, Hsi Tang Tze Hutung, Tientsin Tientsin Peking

Page 7

Janua: y; | 925 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW 3 — paemnttatecinnarceacnitennnicnlllieaaaiesessartnnin siti tiataae A LONG TIME INVESTMENT Dodge Brothers Motor Cars give satisfactory, reliable service over a far greater number of miles than is commonly expected of an automobile. Fine materials, rigid inspection and constant care in assembling, all contribute their share in making Dodge Brothers Motor Car yield a dollar's worth of service for every dollar invested. It is this unusual standard of manufacture which guarantees to the owner a long time investment and long time satisfaction. DovGce BrRoTrTHERS China Motors, 125 Bubbling Well Road, Shanghai Central Motors Ltd., 172-6 Orchard Road, Singapore J. H. Morris, 21 Teido, Seoul, Korea Levy Hermanos, Inc., 536-70 Gandara, Manila Japan Automobile Co., Tameike, Akasaka, Tokio The Dragon Motor Car Co., Ltd., Hong Kong E. W. Frazar & Co., 13 Rue de Paris, Tientsin N. V. Velodrome, Soerabaia $$ $_ 9

Page 8

4 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW January, {925 POOLEY ( WEIGHING MACHING | WEIGHBRIDGE MAKERS : Cc >, ee “THE POOLEY” No. 501 COMBINATION WEIGHBRIDGE, KAGENRY POOLCYG SON LE CAPACITY 70 TONS, SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR CHINA. JOAN BRIGHT ST | BIRMINGAAM ENGLAND RA.123, HAS RECEIVED DEMANDS FOR ELECTRIC POWER AMOUNTING TO 80,000 HORSE POWER AND PLANS TO INCREASE iTS GENERATING PLANT TO A CAPACITY OF 180,000 HORSE POWER DO YOU THINK iT iS POSSIBLE TO MAKE YOUR OWN POWER AT A COST WHICH CAN COMPETE WITH THE CHEAP RATES enc avaiasce 3 BY THE OPERATION OF THIS VAST MODERN POWER PLANT? ASK THE POWER DEPARTMENT, FOOCHOW ROAD, SHANGHAI TELEPHONE FOR AN APPOINTMENT TO CENTRAL 283.

Page 9

st 1925 THE FAR _ EASTERN REVIEW 5 — _ ————— ——— The Best in Sheet Metal Construction Whether it be to build permanently or to install permanent fixtures and utility accessories, Berloy Sheet Metal Products possess numerous exclusive advant- ages which make them practically indispensable for such purposes. Berloy stands for fire and lightning protection, for durability, for adaptability and convenience, for real economy and for many other distinctive advantages. For filing equipment and lockers, it is the safest, most sanitary and satisfactory construction obtainable. BY Write for further details of the celebrated Berloy Metal Products: Acme Culverts, Toncan Metal Ceilings, Metal = = a LOY Lumber, Metal Lath, Ribplex, Steel Filing Equipment, =——__s—«-= Steel, Office Furniture, etc. The Berger Manufacturmg Company 512-O West 25th Street, New York, U.S.A. Cable Address: “ BERLOY ”’ Representatives: J. E. Hayes Engineering Corp., Tientsin and Shanghai 7a! PSE UTTEUE TET EA TEL EU TAL QHUUNAUGUOAVONADONEDONNEONEUDOOENERDROCNEQOONEDOOOEEOOOUGDOOEDOOUOEDEROEEERORRDEOOOOOTEOOGEEGEOOUEETTTEO TEESE ETS MOTOR RAIL & TRAM CAR C€0., LTD. LIGHT RAILWAY ENGINEERS Manufacturers of Internal Combustion Engined Locomotives, Rail-Inspection and Tramcars Locomotives Estimates and and ts 3) . Full Particulars We build 3 a - full range e Dragline } See aie for Drainage and Irrigation work of all descriptions. The — buckets vary from } to 10 cubic yards capacity with jib lengths from 30 to 160 feet. Canals from 3 fect to 30 feet wide are being ex- cavated by them. Rail Cars a : | Bal oon Application Designedand jf 7 Built to Meet I all A os ia Enquiries Solicited Requirements Catalogues from: ee Ruston & Hornsby, Ltd., Lincoln, Eng. These vehicles are thoroughly reliable, economical, inexpensive to maintain, easily handled and entail no stand-by losses WORKS & OFFICES: SIMPLEX WORKS; Martin & Co., Caleutta = rs AOes elegrams & Cables: Motral-Bedford Bedford, England | Arnhold & Co., Ltd., Shanghai Codes: oes Sth 1 # United Engineers, Ltd., Singapore | L. J. Healing & Co., Ltd., Tokyo

Page 10

6 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW January, 1925

CaBLeE Appress: ‘“‘SUGAR,” Toxyo Cope: A.B.C. 5TH EDITION Head Office: Nippon Kogyo-Ginko Building, Marunouchi, Tokyo

———<$—<$—<$<—$—<————————————————————— ‘GOODBRAND’S — FUEL ECONOMISERS we ~—S*FFor Steam BBoilers, saving 15 to 20 per cent. in Coal. Made with Vertical Tubes up to 12 feet in length. Sections of Tubes, and Headers made 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 tubes in width.

Standard Type for Boiler pressures up to 200-lbs. per sq. in. High Pressure Type for Boiler pressures up to 350-lbs. per sq. in. GOODBRAND & CO., LTD. Britannia Foundry, STALYBRIDGE, ENGLAND. Sole Agents: BIRCH, KIRBY & Co., KOBE, JAPAN ———— ———— eee eee ~ — — ———— ad

Page 11

THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW 7 Eee Williams’ “FALCON” Chain Pipe Wrench With double ended, reversible jaw assures service of two wrenches at the cost of one. Three to four grip positions on every size of pipe. Interchangeable flat link and cable chains—suit yourself. The wrench is extraordinarily efficient with either. Six sizes for 1% to 12-inch pipe and fittings. J. H. WILLIAMS & CO. “The Wrench People” Eee Export Office: London Representative: General Offices: ! 21 State Street, Benj. Whittaker, Ltd., 400 Vulcan Street, | New York, U.S.A. 56 Ludgate Hiil, London, E.C. 4 Buffalo, N.Y., U.S.A. | SS — — = —_ ———— —______— ——————— ee —_ — - — — —— —_——_— ————— . — —————— —————— TRIMO TOOLS These four superior tools should be in Trimo Pipe Wrench in 8 sizes take pipe up to 8 inches the hands of every user and on the shelves of every seller. Trimo Pipe Cutter in 3 sizes cut pipe up to 3 inches They are made on | BUCYRUS RAILROAD-TYPE SHOVELS Protect You From Expensive Delays And Breakdowns honor and = sold Over 40 Years Experience Has Taught Us Where To Put Weight fully guaranteed by Where It Is Of The Most Lasting Value To The Operator YOU CAN DEPEND UPON A sUCYRUS | | Trimo Monkey Wrench — the manufacturer. Bucyrus Caterpillar Mounting Increases The Shovel Output By | | made in 7 sizes—6-in. to 21-in. Can be had through 2) to 30 Per cent.—It Will Pay You To Investigate Built In Sizes From 24 to 6 Yds. Capacity Steam and Electric - any importer of | Trimo Chain Wrench hardware. B U C y BUCYRUS COMPANY, South Milwaukee, Wis. | a Sven Sake Bipe ED te 20 mneoe Established 1880 Trade Mark Registered Cable Address: “*BUCYRUS SOUTH MILWAUKEE” London Office: BUCYRUS COMPANY, 19, Iddesleigh House, Caxton | | Manufactured By: ; Tekyo Office: wien enue. ig Hotel, Tokyo, Japan | | TRIMONT MANUFACTURING CO. Established since 1888 at ROXBURY (Boston), Mass., U.S. A. Agents in Siam: Agents in India: Agents in Japan: D. C.uper-Johnston & Co., McLeod & Co., Calcutta Mitsui Bussan Kaisha, 107 Bangkok, Ltd., Tokyo. ———— | | | ! ont a re ere nn PE A A TE AN AG AS te — —— _ —_-—— — - i

Page 12

THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW January, 1925 . . oe ED No. 1 YAYESUCHO, KOJIMACHI-Ku TOKYO CENTRAL Post OFFice Box No. 18 ; / os 6 FRAZAR 9? For All Offices has been Connected WITH ORIENTAL TRADE Yokohama, Kobe, Osaka, Kyoto, Moji, Hakodate, Nagoya, Keijo (Korea), Taithoku (Formosa) Mukden (Manchuria), Vladivostok (Siberia.) f FRAZAR & CO., 30 Church St., New York, and Paris, Seattle, San Francisco. FRAZAR TRUST CO., LTD., Tokyo and Yokohama. { | FRAZAR FOREIGN TRADE BUILDING CO., New York. BRANCHES - 5 28 AFFILIATED COMPANIES - SALE & CO., 21 Old Broad St., London, E.C. F. G. SALE & SONS, 20 Bishops Gate, London, E.C. E. W. FRAZAR & CO., 5 Rue de Paris, Tientsin and Peking, Harbin, Mukden. CORRESPONDENTS - WORLD-WIDE CONNECTIONS EXCLUSIVE AGENCIES IN ALL LINES LARGE STOCKS MOTORCARS, TRUCKS, TRACTORS, ETC. Ford Motor Co., Hupmobile Motor Car Corp Franklin Motor Car Co., Armstrong Siddeley Co., Ltd., Rolls Royce Co., Ltd., The White Co (Trucks), Splitdorf Electrical Co. . MACHINE TOOLS. Joseph T. Ryerson & Son, Giddings & Lewis Mfg. Co., Wm. Sellers & Co.. Inc. RAILWAY EQUIPMENT. Baldwin Locomotive Works, W.H. Miner, Grifin Wheel Co,, Duff fg. Co. AVIATION EQUIPMENT: Handley Page, Ltd. BRITISH STEEL and STEEL PRODUCTS. Jonas and Colver, Ltd., Smith & Coventry, Ltd., Sheffield Twist Drill & Steel Co., Ltd., Chubb & Son’s Lock & Safe Co., Ltd. CANNING MACHINERY and EQUIPMENT. American Can Co., Adriance Machine Works, Anchor Cap & Closure Co., Burpee and Letson Ltd., Seeley Brothers. 2 CANNED SALMON and CRAB from Kamchatka. A FEW Fairbanks Morse & Co. Stationary and Marine Engines. Motors, Pumps, Wind Mills, complete Power and Lighting Plants. OF Chain Belt Co., “Rex” Concrete Mixers. J. L. Mott [ron Works, Plumbing Fittings and Supplies. OUR Shepard Electric Crane & Hoist Co., Cranes and Hoists. gg & Co., Soren aes ae Abia one, Toilet Articles. e Carnation Milk Products Co., “Carnation Cream.” AGENCIES The Glidden Co., Paints, “Jap-a-lac” Auto Finishes, Cold Water Paints, Wood Stains. The Duratex Co., “Duratex” Leather Substitute and Rubber Coated Top and Curtain Materials. S.C. Johnson & Son, Floor Wax, Paste, Liquid, and Powder. The Klein Manufacturing Co., Technical Paints “Metal Crete Concrete Hardeners, Cement Coating. The Tungsten Wire Works (Stockholm), Wires for Filaments. | The Victor Talking Machine Co., Machines and Records. MANY OTHER The Graphoscope Development Co., Projectors and Films. The Victor Typewriter Co., Standard Typewriters. EXCLUSIVE The Corona Typewriter Co., Folding Typewriters. The Rolex Watch Co., Ltd., “Rolex” Watches. AGENCIES Simmons Hardware Co., “Keen Kutter” and “Oak Leaf’ Brands of Tools and Cutlery. The Gillette Safety Razor Co., “Gillete’ Blades. ROAD, EXCAVATING, POWER HOUSE, REFRIGERATING MACHINERY: STEEL and IRON PRODUCTS: “Gould” STORAGE BATTERIES. | RADIO APPARATUS, HEATING EQUIPMENT, FERTILIZERS, SAWN TIMBER CHEMICALS. OUR SERVICE also covers BONDS and INVESTMENTS, FIRE and MARINE. INSURANCE, SHIPPING, STORING, CHARTER, SALE and PURCHASE of STEAMERS. If we cannot Supply your Requirements from Stock, we will be pleased to Recommend Local INQUIRIES SOLICITED Alternatives or Advise Regarding Imports. ;

Page 13

\\\ NEY ie sj i) i | Bel a Ih “y, il Ne (As Ce AY i a Mi) | Ie i i} | | | | ue Dy ES ti a i Ni B ar? wr id er & Oe ee il a i \ \ Z nt Se gon ie (alt) i / | We Wil Ak cs 4 | i iz Hin OE Z Nae iti | i] i = =— ag ae ‘| / ) A +4 a like —_ #8 #=—SOCSN iu ull ll E eS ———— — TT : y t] ge /] - “Ss Na Se SS = Myf X \\s My Dt tet ; = lest with a charm éthat is certain 10 Pp CASC -ws=tE42 CAPSTAN CIGARETTES MADE IN ENGLAND This advert:csere.nt sed by the Britich Armaricon Tuberc: Co (Thm) Led THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW -

Page 14

10 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW January, {925 ~ nadia = — So a JAPANESE TEXTILES FOR EXPORT Standard Printed and Dyed Cotton and Silk Fabrics SHIRTINGS SHEETINGS DRILLS PRINTS CRETONNES FLANNELETTES DAMASKS TOWELING CREPES ETC, BTC. PONGEES BROCADES SATINS FUJI GASSED SPINNING COMPANY, LIMITED (FUJI GASU BOSEKI KABUSHIKI KAISHA ) Head Office: CAPITAL - Yen 38,000,000 Business Office: GocHoME, OsHimMA-MaAcuI OPERATING SHICHOME, HAKOZAKI-CHo, Near TOKYO 450,000 Spindles and NIHONBASHI-Ku, CaBLE Appress: ‘“*FUHO” 1,775 Looms TOKYO | | CREPES SILKS Cloths, Muslins SILK AND COTTON YARNS, NOILS, ete. Silks, Crepes, Brocades, Cotton -_——_ -_——- OUR EXPORT DEPARTMENT IS REPRESENTED IN ALL THE IMPORTANT COMMERCIAL CENTERS OF THE WORLD AND CAN FURNISH PROMPTLY FULL INFORMATION AND QUOTATIONS REGARDING THE LARGE VARIETY OF TEXTILES MADE IN OUR MILLS KANEGAFUCHI SPINNING COMPANY, LIMITED HIGASHI-SHIRITIKE, KOBE, JAPAN ee ee —— = ee ——— —— ee

Page 15

January, 1925 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW i] —— MISTAKES .—- POSITIVELY Mfr ELIMINATED. THE AVERY ASST ee ee INDUSTRIAL | aor: : z 3 & VISIBLE ee WEIGHER. =~ ACCURATE AND RAPID VISIBLE WEIGHING THE AVERY NO. A. 557 revolutionises weighing machines Immediately the load is placed on the platform a selector automati- cally indicates to the operator the notch in the steelyard into which the poise should be placed. The positioning of the poise automatically reveals, in large figures on ~ the chart, the major portion of the load, the minor portion being indi- cated on the quadrant, which is graduated to |-cwt. by }-lb. divisions. If the poise is inadvertently placed in the wrong notch the pointer re- cords no weight and signals to the operator how to correct the mistake. AOS, UN AETDR S AEE, AS 1663 AGENTS FOR CHINA. THE JARDINE ENG? CORPORATION L™® SHANGHAI. a Le4 37 eS aTAG BRAND “Imperial” Manganese Steel ‘‘Imperial’” Manganese Steel, whether used for the lips of dredger buckets, the bucket chain links, pins or bushes, means fewer stoppages due to breakage or rapid wear. As an example, the following extract from a letter may be quoted: ‘‘Up to the time I left West Africa the three bucket dredgers (gold dredging) did not break a pin. One dredge has been at work nearly two years, and the other two six months. I think the wear of the pins constitutes a record.”” What would a record like that mean to you in money saved ? The Makers of “Imperial” Manganese Steel are 4 , | 4 Be ale = ~ &: aS Rae CHINA Agents: THE JARDINE ENGINEERING CORPORATION, LTD. 8a Yuen-Ming-Yuen Road, Shanghai JAPAN Branch Office : EDGAR ALLEN & CO., LTD. 2 Mitsu Bishi Buildings, and at ie ; | Hongkong, Hankow, Ticntsin, 1 Yaesu-Cho, Kojimachi Ku, TOKYO | Peking, Etc. aan an. sins cs

Page 16

12 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW January, 1925 SE ee eS THE JARDINE ENGINEERING CORPORATION, im Registered Office: 8a YUEN-MING-YUEN ROAD, SHANGHAI Branches: Hongkong, Hankow, Tientsin, Peking, Harbin, Mukden and Taiyuanfu ENGINEERING SUPPLIES AND MACHINERY | | | | LARGE STOCKS CARRIED IN SHANGHAI, HONGKONG, HANKOW, TIENTSIN Including :— MACHINE TOOLS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, 7 STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS, GAS, GASOLINE AND OIL ENCINES, PUMPS, TOOL STEELS, PULLEYS, SHAFTING, BELTING, PAINTS, “CHUBB” SAFES AND LOCKS, “ AVERY ” WEIGHING MACHINES, WIRE ROPES FOR ALL PURPOSES, ELECTRIC LIGHTING SETS, MOTORS AND ELECTRIC ACCESSORIES, DIVING APPARATUS, Ete. Etc. —— EXPERT STAFF IN SHANGHAI — ee CONTRACTORS FOR THE SUPPLY OF | COTTON SPINNING AND WEAVING MACHINERY, FLOUR AND CORN MILLING MACHINERY, ELECTRIC LIGHT AND POWER PLANTS, INDUSTRIAL PLANTS FOR ALL PURPOSES | SS DESIGNERS AND BUILDERS OF MOTOR MOATS = = SN eee —EE —_ = —

Page 17

Janu: TY 1925 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW — 13 ESTABLISHED 1835 HORSFALL & BICKHAM, LTD. CARD CLOTHING MANCHESTER, ENGLAND SOLE AGENTS IN CHINA: THE JARDINE ENCINEERING CORPORATION LIMITED, SHANGHAI. STOCKS CARRIED IN SHANGHAI AND TIENTSIN. 36/42 H.P Parafin Engine and Reverse Gear A sound British engineering job of compact and clean design. All working parts entirely enclosed, thus ensuring silent and clean running. Range of Models—-12 to 90 H.P. Agenis: China and Hongkong—TueE JARDINE ENGINEERING Cc ORPORATION, Ltp., at Shanghai and Hongkong. F.M.S. & Straits Settlements—Ritchie & Bisset, 23-25 The Arcade, Singapore GLENIFFER MOTORS, LTD., ANNIESLAND, GLASGOW, SCOTLAND CONTRACTORS TO: THe ADMIRALTY. THe War OFFice. THe INDIACFFICE. THe COLONIES. COLONIAL AND ForeIGn Go- VERNMENTS. Four-Wheel Private Coach 13 SOUTH PLACE, LONDON, E.C.2. AN Tevcecrams: “Errervesce’ Lonpdon. Works: BURTON-ON-TRENT, & ENGLAND. © LOCOMOTIVES Tue Drewry Gar Go., Lto., oo RELIABILITY re) | ECONOMY SIMPLICITY DY RAIL MOTOR CARS & COACHES-TRAM CARS £v LIGHT RAIL INSPECTION CARS AS Ags ‘ellfs in Chin a; THE — ENGINEERING CORPORATION, LTD. a Yuen-Ming-Yuen Road, Shanghai FULL BARTEO ULARS ON APPLICATION

Page 18

14 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW January, 1925 Where there's Pressure | cRanes pe : WINCHES | HOISTING & MACHINE TOOL PLANT | SHIPMENTS UNDERTAKEN Cablegrams: ‘* ENERGY”’ Codes: Pentley, Marconi A.B.C. Western Union

Fr. Ne <9 Js . = x — ee er ~~ _— ae — —_—— —s Ne

— 1 CONSOLIDATED CONSOLIDATED CONSOLIDATED MOTHERWELL. Nr. GLASGOW | __ Form H Form D1 a Stfety Valve | afety Valve afety Valve “House Heater’ Type Branch Offices : London and Liverpool

The Complete Gasification of Coal — Consolidated Safety Valves Have OFFERS An Absolute Positive Action A gaseous yield of 17,500,000 B. Th. Us. per ton of coal carbonized. Low capital cost for Plant. Relief of overpressure must be both adequate The gas produced has a calorific value and certain. Some valves pop at the set point of oe B. pes cubic foot, with | but do not relieve a sufficient volume of steam en ae Be coe | to prevent continuation of the rise in pressure. ee et ee ee | Others stick and fail to pop—an ever present menace to life and property. Still others fail GAS & FUEL PLANTS, LIMITED agreed 40/43 NORFOLK STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.2. Cables: Damper, Estrand, London. These failures are never connected with the Codes: A.B.C. 5th Edition, Bentley’s Engineering. | operation of Consolidated Safety Valves. Their ——— — relieving capacity is in most cases, anywhere from 50°% to 300% greater than other makes of valves of equal size. Furthermore, they never stick—never fail to open at set pressures and always close when they should. They are absolutely certain to prevent pressure from rising above the popping point of the valve under any condition which can possibly occur. Our agents will be glad to quote you prices and to consult with you concerning the type best suited to your work. Consult them also about Ashcroft Gauges and Metropolitan Injectors— for many years an engineering standard through- out the world. ONSOLIDATED 1) SAFETY VALVES Ml Manning, Maxwell & Moore, Inc. EOE ; Pershing Square Building, 100 East 42nd Stree, : aan ; New York, N. Y.

E.C.M. Lifts—electric or otherwise—achieve a degree of efficiency which makes the users regard their cost as a real investment in property. Working drawings and full instructions for erection are sent with overseas installations. MANNING - ETCHELLS, CONGDON & MUIR, Ltd. deeeten Chivas MILL STREET, ANCOATS Walworth International Co., 29 Szechuan Road, ’ ? Shanghai, China MANCHESTER, ENGLAND Liana Bente Hortie hes Li, ss i ai eer Ko, et

Page 19

_ Sanwery, 1925 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW 15

Ee ee =

b g 1 5 aes = =: ba ~~ »') - a. a] qa wt a's]

teckwouks : | N constant demand at home and abroad for all classes of build- | “al ing and structural work—for Factories, Sheds, Warehouses, |

“Fi Bridges, Garages, Godowns, and Pithead Frames. State your | ! requirements and we will supply designs and estimates. Enquiries | " from architects receive immediate and special attention. With our | | annual capacity of over 100,000 tons and stocks of steel in hand of 20,000 tons ready for fabrication we are in a position to pro- | ceed with the work at shortest notice. S Steel Merchants we are also ready to supply from stock, | joists, channels, angles, flats, plates, bars, bolts and rivets. | REDPATH, BROWN & CO., LTD. LONDON : EDINBURGH (Head Office): GLASGOW : | 3, Laurence Pountney Hill, E.C.4. 2, St. Andrew Squarc. 19, Waterloo Street. Peat 2s MANCHESTER : NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE: BIRMINGHAM: 3,000 Tons Steel Frame Building of ten floors. Trafford Park. Milburn House. 47, Temple Row. | ° : : : < DUBLIN: BELFAST: This type of construction 1s suitable for all kinds of 36, St. Geerge’s Quay. 69, Scottish Provident Bldgs. factories, warehouses, and retail stores. Fire risks ! reduced to a minimum. Cables: A.B.C. Sixth Edition, and Marconi International. Messrs. L. J. Healing & Co., Eiraku Buildings, Marunouchi, Tokyo.

Japanese Representatives:

‘INSULATE WITH Diamond: Fibre Be the first to suggest SMOOTH-ON and get the credit for the saving!

Smooth-On is universally used for repairing crack- ed plates and castings, patching boilers and engine cylinders, stopping leaks in prescure joints, making seams tight at bolts and rivets, making flanged and screw-thread joints, stopping leaks in automobile radiators, etc. All of these repairs and many others are made with least effort and time loss and the results are permanent.

Diamond Fibre (a_ genuine vulcanized fibre) is an ideal insulating material manufactured | in sheets, rods, tubes. From | Sheets are made switch-bars, washers, gaskets, slots, buttons, wedges, cleats, etc. From Rods are made bushings, knobs, pins, handles, bars, etc. From Tubes are made conduits, flashlight | tubes, bushings, etc. |

If you are not thoroughly familiar with Smooth- On, send for a free copy of our 144-page Instruction Book, which is virtually an Engineer's treatise.

ee cae ecu" \ wai é . SS —_— ——~ ah a xe “< t San ees a Sw eee OT ee ee a ee ee TT eV S= :

:

neat wt Wg

Write for further details about this superior, reliable insulating material.

Sold by prominent Supply Houses TRADE

-ON } throughout the Orient, and made by OTH: | Smooth-On Mfg. Co., 570 Communipaw Ave., Jersey City, N.J., U.S.A.

Established 1891 Bridgeport, Pa. (near Philadelphia), U.S.A. Cable Address: ‘DYMNFYBR,” Norristown

Representatives: American Trading Co., Dojima Building, Osaka, Japan American Trading Co., 1 Yaraku-cho Itchome, Kojimachi- ku, Tokyo, Japan °F American Trading Co., 3 Canton Road, Shanghai, China | Diamond State Fibre Company | | | | |

Page 20

16

THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW January, 1925 : == = , i ee ——— — ———— ——— = a

CHER-WYSS & Co. ENGINEERS anp CONTRACTORS | ZURICH, SWITZERLAND

SPECIALITIES: STEAM AND WATERTUR- BINES, STEAM BOILERS, SYSTEM GARBE, TURBO PUMPS AND COMPRES.- SORS, ICE- AND PAPER- MAKING MACHINERY FAR EASTERN OFFICE No. 320-322-324 Marunouchi Building TOKYO

% : SS Z, St Ste, Ly GY MELEE, GATE YUU, ISS Ada Wb} te yg ty Hyp Yip Wh YU te Gy YY “7 Yy % Wi Yi, Zz Yip , Le. > N SS S 3 $

x Ny SS S ~ ~~ SS s SS ‘ SS ~S SS SS S SS AWHye NS SS SN SS LSS SS . ~ — SY > ~ SS ‘s. ~ >

WOON SANS QA Ww MOI Vow wo SS WV WOH SO AQ RRM AQy7°93gou SERA SAREE

, SOS RAVI ROVER : RNAS SWOKRAS ONAN a Oa Wee SH WARM WA AQ VAG AAMAS RAE SSM MAN Wt “ae .

\ VtE oa i \ » N LQ N SV XC Bl be \ \ ~ Oo > ANS Ue tie, Wy GTS ty yyy} A > . AN a (Se FE . yt Neti Sth nt LU

ay, SLE

B LONDON SHANGHAI OFFICE: 6 KIUKIANG ROAD

SSS SS BOSON EO SMM SEVERNA WOT WAS Wars S ~N S SSS BES EOS RNS S > : SN PR RE RSS AR SS SS RSS SSR WNW MWY SSSA SERRE SSS SR Mo- LVM SES.

SS sess QO Oye SA SERA. SAA LAL AAA AN ARMAS SEES eet ee CAAA ss RQSS VE VAVws SSR SSS SaVs~gngn WOH SQV“ SS SSS“ SANS WSS WEIN: > SSS . SS S SSS SSERMN MS REN SX ~ LAK SAN SS SSS SSS WSs SS sG~Eammn© Ong S SS AS TNS SS ~ Yo WS ai SSSSSSy SSS AN AEE WAM QQ qn ASRS SAS eS als » SAA SSS

Page 21

Janv iTy, 1925 TO PRODUCE UNFAILING POWER ECONOMICALLY ‘Ridgway Turbo-Alternators increasing power output 60°, to 100%, Ridgway Turbo-Alternators are especially adapted = = e- ay ‘ et ta — ™ vee =§ - : ) Y Ste wre, eS ; 2 ee Se a i. 2S ERE alee at ys Le ae rege = ae ~ — 2 -_- das ee Be -: aa =~ ta - ” OR additions to existing power plants in which there are non-condensing engines which are to be retained in service, a low or mixed pressure turbine : is a good investment as it will increase the power out- | put from 60° to 100°%, using only the engine ex- | haust. If the supply of exhaust steam is variable or | possibly will be insufficient, the mixed pressure turbine | will take enough high pressure steam to maintain speed and carry the load, or will carry full load on high pres- | sure steam only. | Ridgway turbines have especially large running clear- ances, simple, closely regulating governors and highly reliable and effective lubricating systems. Interesting Bulletins Free Our latest bulletins cover the following subjects : | Cenier-Crank Single-Valve Engines, Side-Crank Single and Four-Valve Engines, Unaflow Engines, Allternating-Current Generators, Direct-Current Generators, Motor-Generaior Sets, JT urbo-Gen- | erator Sets. Ask for the ones that inierest you! | to large industrial plants and central stations. Cc. G. BROW N—Factory Representative | 14 Canton Road, Shanghai, China. RIDGWAY DYNAMO & ENGINE CO. Cable Address : “ RIDRELCO” RIDGWAY

Page 22

THE FAR Code Used : Cable Address: . 1., A.B.C. 5th, Weste “ TWASAKISAL- a ree ae " TOKYO” . Phrase

MITSUBISHI SHOJI KAISHA, LTD. (MITSUBISHI TRADING CO., LTD.) Capital, fully paid-up - - - Y. 15,000,000 Head Office: MARUNOUCHI, TOKYO.

Importers and Exporters, Manufacturers, Commission Merchants, Brokers, Ship Owners. |

EXPORTING: Coal, Copper and all Other Descriptions of Metals, Minerals and Cereals, Chemicals, Oil, Paper, Glass, Canned Fish, Silk Goods, and General Oriental Products and Merchandise

IMPORTING: Iron, Steel, Machinery, Machine Tools, Chemicals, and General Merchandise SS ANNUAL PRODUCTION: Electrolytic Copper Ingots ............... 20,000 Tons RISTO scp cancessnsccusnsveteasen ee icawacs 100,000 re PO rate 50,000 —s,, COUN: scctcecerusens sade eS ivenadaues 3,500,000 —s,, COLLIERIES: Takashima, Ochi, Yoshinotani, Kishidake, Namazuta, Shinnew, Hojo, Kanada, Kamiyamada, Ashibetsu, Bibai, O-Yubari, and Sakito

BRANCHES and AGENCIES: Tokyo, Yokohama, Nagoya, Osaka, Kobe, Moji, Wakamatsu, Karatsu, Nagasaki, Otaru, Tsuruga, Kure, Muroran, Hakodate, Kushiro, Vladivostok, Dairen, Kirin, Harbin, Peking, Shanghai, Hankow, Hongkong, Canton, Tientsin, Tsingtao, Tsinan, Singapore, London, Paris, Lyon, Marseilles, Berlin, New York, Seattle

STEAMSHIP DEPARTMENT—KOBE Fleet Owned ..................s0ee0e6. 25,000 Tons Gross Chartered Steamers 12,000 _ —=sés,,, Reguiar and Irregular Routes between home ports and Chinese and South Sea Islands Ports, ete, OT eee eee eee EASTERN REVIEW Ta

Ee

| nn

MIIKE COAL The Finest Steaming and Bunker Coals of the Far East are mined from the famed Miike, Tagawa, Yamano Sunakawa and Kawakami Collieries operated by the MITSUI MINING COMPANY, LTD. HEAD OFFICE: No. 1 Surugacho, Nihonbashi-Ku, TOKYO, JAPAN Capital : - Yen 100,000,000 Annual Coal Output is equal to one-quarter of Total Japanese Mines. LEAD, SILVER, GOLD, ZING, COPPER, SPELTER, SULPHUR, COKE, IRON, CHEMICALS and DYES Are produced from the Company's, KAMIOKA, Lead, Silver and Zinc Mine; SANO, Copper and Zinc Mine; KUSHIKINO, Gold Mine; KONGO, Tungsten Mine; IWAONOBORI, Sulphur and Metal Mine; Zinc Plants, Coke, Dyestuffs and By-products Establishments in Miike.

Sole Agents for our Products: MITSUI BUSSAN KAISHA, Ltd. (MITSUI & Co., Ltd.) Tokyo, London, New York, Shanghai, Hongkong, @: d other Principal Commercial Centres of the Wor’. January, {925 —— ———<<—

Page 23

January, 1925 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW ke 19 GEBR. HEINEMANN .. ST. GEORGEN (Black Forest), Germany Cable Address: Heinemann Sanctgeorgenschwarzwald. Code: A.B.C. 5th Edit. | Constructing as Specialty Since 40 Years Every type of machines __ being constructed in sels of 100 pieces thus warranting first class make, favourable prices, stock supply TURRET LATHES as HIGH SPEED SHAPERS) 7 Models Established 1877 4 Models For bar work 7%6’—238’, From 778" up to 22° and chuck work up to 15” stroke of ram ONE OF THE MANY OUTFITS BUILT BY THE E. W. BLISS CO. — Crown Bottle Caps and Presses for their manufacture From left to right, the Presses illustrated below wil! give the following productions per eight hour day: 10,000—100,000 and 30,000 respectively. spi? wit ¢ Send us Samples and state daily production required tnd we will be glad to give you prices and full partiewars | | | Ig | | . , ae | g at “oie | : | j j | | A E. Ww. BLISS CO., 53rd Sixeet and ond hehe Brooklyn, a U. S.A. Presses, Dies and Machinery for the Sheet Metal Industry in general. Complete plants for the manufacture of Metal Boxes, Sanitary Cans of all shapes and sizes, Kitchen Utensils, Petroleum Cans, ete. Complete automatic equipment for making ; tin cans from tin plate in one continuous operation. London, England—Pocock St., Blackfriars Road. Italy—345 Via Nizza, Turin. Paris, France—54 Bivd. Victor Hugo, St. Ouen, Paris FOREIGN REPRESENTATIVES: ee iin aan «y Ltd. D. S. satin heshasiatincall savin

Page 24

20 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW The Green Island Cement Co. Ltd. SHEWAN, TOMES & CO., GENERAL MANAGERS, HONGKONG Insist on your Architect specifying the use of the Also, Glazed Stoneware, House Drains, Sewer best brand of Portland cement in construction. If the Pipes, and Fittings, Paving Bricks, Tiles, Fire Bricks house or factory is to be blocks or tiles, they should and Fire Clay. be of concrete, if stucco, only the best cement should be employed; if reinforced concrete is used, only a The Green Island Brand has become the standard standard cement will stand the test; if your building Portland Cement of Asia, owing to its purity, uniformity or typhoon, improving with age, and lowering the cost of insurance, you must employ concrete, and the best Used by H.B.M.’s Government in Hongkong, concrete construction is only secured through the use of United States Government in the Philippines for all important Public Works. Green Island Cement Also by H.B.M.’s Government in Singapore and Green Island Cement is supplied in Bags = 250-lbs. Federated Malay States for Government Buildings, is to be fireproof, waterproof, safe against earthquake and tests. | net, Casks = 375-lbs. net, Iron Drums = 375-lbs. net. Railways and Harbour Works. | Established 1883 Telegraphic Address “ ROPEWORK,” HONGKONG THE HONGKONG ROPE MANUFACTURING Co.,Ltd. Manufacturers of Pure Manila Hemp Rope | | | | Rove sold © FrnePHIENINCHOny | Rove Cob od | the Bnitish Navy , Ss a ce 15-in. Circumference. Sao k rs SF eae ; ‘ > LS or a es on the China Station ew Driving Ropes for Mills; Bull Ropes and Drilling Cables for Oil Wells a Specialty. and to all Mail and regular Steamship SHEWAN, TOMES & CO. General Managers : St. George’s Building HONGKON ». “EE Ee a a ee ce —_— NG eee ee —_—— ——__—— Lines.

Page 25

Janu ry, 1925 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW 21 ——— “—~ a _ — OC ee ee ee or a —— o- - erator for Ss Pee” PASSENGER & CARGO TN =f STEAMERS SHALLOW DRAFT VESSELS = LAND & MARINE | : BOILERS Fam t rie re et it ‘ ie . * seoP * an ty ; »* tae ae 2 SS ee ee ; a Le je ~ as — “ - Ac te Cg tt = —_ a re eg : FOR FAR EASTERN MERCHANTS @TD experience in handling foreign orders has extended LWMHeGiant Pipe Die Jet over 50 years. Last year GD products were sent to 63 countries. It is readily apparent that we are well able to serve the overseas merchant. Time, correspondence and shipping expense is saved by buying from the manufacturer of a complete line, for he can handle at one time the various items otherwise requiring several orders. GREENFIELD | TAP AND DIE CORPORATION GREENEIELD, London Office: 139 Queen Victoria St. Canadian Factory: Greenfield Tap and Die Corporation of Canada, Room No. 758 Maru- 36 Kawzguchi-cho, Ni- 5 Ice House St., Prince’s nouchi Bldg., Tokyo Bidg., P. O. Box 25, “ —s Ltd., Galt, Ontario. = eee! ec 2 — REPRESENTATIVES : = =) JAPAN, JAPAN. CHINA. © > Bowe MULLER, PHIPPS & HORNE COMPANY, MULLER & PHIPPS g 2 SELLERS, LTD. LTD, (ASIA), LTD. = $ : Q 2 4 ik Isaka, i (Central P. O. Box 98) nike; Denke Japae Hongkong. MULLER, PHIPPS & HORNE COMPANY, MULLER & PHIPPS | } awe ssssddad dada SELLERS, LTD. LTD. (CHINA), LTD. : hitthe. Ci T: - Dojima Building, Osaka 3 Bidg. Naka-Dori,Maru- 2 Canton Road, Shang- Pipe Lille Giant ap Drill Reamer (Central P. O. Box 63) nouchi, Tokyo, Japan hai, China Cutter Pipe Wrench

Page 26

2 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW January, 925 2 SAAN AAA. ine A NEW & IMPROVED BEARING METAL NOTE THE CHARACTER- ISTIC STRUCTURE WHICH IS UNIFORM THROUGHOUT THE WHOLE OF THE ALLOY IT CONSISTS OF SMALL HARD GRANULES EQUALLY DISTRIBUTED IN THE PLASTIC MEDIUM MICROSTRUCTURE (x150) “EEL” BRAND (Registered) -ANTI-FRICTION METAL “EEL” BRAND Metal is manufactured by THERMIT LTD., a constituent Company of Nose, Inpustries Ltp. The following are a few of the chief advantages of this metal :— It can be used under widely varying conditions of speed or Joad—all scrap can be melted easily and repeatedly without loss of efficiency or quality—it is much cheaper than alloys containing a high percentage of tin and possesses all their advantages. “EEL” BRAND Anti-friction Metal is the outcome of many years scientific study combined with practical experimental work, and is composed of only the purest virgin metals to produce a bearing metal of consistent quality and is harder than ordinary lead base bearing metals. It can be used for any type of bearing. ALU] Engineers are invited to write for special foider to :— om THERMIT LTD. Sa 15s CHURCH ROAD‘: BATTERSEA LONDON : S.W.11 HON AA LANNLANULNUEAUUAAA AAU | | I | = ifr { a ee iC ALAA =

Page 27

THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW $a — SP som ———— — = A SSS 30 Church St., New York, U.S.A. Sole Exporters of the Products of American Bridge Company National Tube Company Tennessee Coal, Iron & Railroad Company Minnesota Steel Company Canadian Steel Corporation Carnegie Steel Company Illinois Steel Company American Steel & Wire Company American Sheet & Tin Plate Company The Lorain Steel Company ———$— BRANCH OFFICES and REPRESENTATIVES IN Antwerp, Belgium London, England Rome, Italy Sydney, New South Wales Birmingham, England Mexico City, Mexico Rosario de Santa Fe, Argentine Republic Talcahuano, Chile Bombay, India Montivideo, Uruguay San Francisco, California The Hague, Holland Santiago, Chile Sao Paulo, Brazil Seattle, Washington Shanghai, China Soerabaya, Java Tokio, Japan Toronto, Canada Valparaiso, Chile Vancouver, Canada Winnipeg, Canada Montreal, Canada New Orleans, La Peking, China Port Elizabeth, South Africa Portland, Oregon Rio de Janeiro, Brazil WAREHOUSES AT ~ San Francisco, California Santiago, Chile Brussels, Belgium Buenos Aires, Argentine Republic Concepcion, Chile Havana, Cuba Lima, Peru Los Angeles, California Taleahuano, Chile Valparaiso, Chile Callao, Peru Havana, Cuba Antwerp, Belgium Bombay, India UNITED STATES STEEL PRODUCTS COMPANY Buenos Aires, Argentine Republic Port Elizabeth, South Africa Sao Paulo, Brazil We give prompt attention to inquiries fer all classes of our Steel Products, including the following :— ArriaL TRAMWwAys—Reversible, specially designed AvLoy STEEL Attoy STEEL SHEETS AMMONIA CYLINDERS ANGLES ARMATURE SHEETS Ax.tes—Locomotive, Railroad and Tram- way Cars BamBoo STEEL BARBED WIRE Bars—Merchant and Concrete Reinforce- ment, plain, deformed and cold twisted BILLETS Biack SHEETS BLooms Borer Touses, Lapwelded and Seamless Botts AND Norts BripcEs—Railway, designed Buitprnes—Steel Warehouses, Structural Steel for Buildings CaBLes—Steel Hoisting and Haulage Cables Cars—Steam Railway, Mine and Industrial Railway Cars CaR ANGLES Car WHEELS CHANNELS Cotp Rorniep Fiat WIRE CoprerR Rait Bonps CopreR BEARING STEEL SHEETS DERRICKS DRILLING MACHINES Driuiwe Rias ror Or WELLS DuQuESNE Ralt JOINTS ELEectTRIcAL SHEETS Highway, specially ELEctricaL WrirRES AND Castrers—Bare and Insulated FABRICATED STRUCTURAL MATERIAL YOR BRIDGES, TURNTABLES, STEEL BuILD- INGS, ETC. FencinG MatTertats—Wire Fencing, Steel Posts Foroinas Frocs anp SwitcHes—Steam and Electric Railways Hoops AND Banpbs MACHINE FORGINGS MrInE TIMBERS Nairts—Wire Natt Rops Nait Wire Pra Tron Pitinc—Steel Sheet Pree—Biack and Galvanized Wrought, for Steam, Gag and Water, American or English Threads; Lapwelded Boiler Tubes, Matheson Lead Joint Pipe, Seamless Steel Tubing Prav=s—Boiler, Tank, Ship, Flange and Fire Box Steel Potres—Steel Tubular Raits—-Light and Heavy Rails for Rail- ways, Tramways, Mine and Industrial Railways. Special Track Work REINFORCEMENT FOR CONCRETE—Triangle Wire Mesh RIvETs Rorz—Wire for Mine Hoists, Derricks, Cranes, etc. Screw Spikes Screw Stock—Cold Drawn SHAFTING SHapEs—Standard Structural SHEET Bars SHeets—“ Apollo” Brand Galvanized Corrugated and Plain SKELP SiaBs Sprres—Railway Track Spikes SLEEPERS—Steel Sprine STEEL Steam’ Prer anp TusBEs Stove Pirre SHEETS SwiTcHEs aND SwitcH STAnpbs TaNK PLATES TERNE PLATES Tin Mitt Propucts Tix Prate—* Coke,” sé Terne 33 Toot STEEL TowERs—Steel TRIANGLE Mess CoNcRETE REINFORCE- MENT Tuses—Gas, Water, Steam and Boiler TURNTABLES FOR LIGHT AND HEavy Ratiz- way SERVICE UPHOLSTERY SPRINGS WASHERS WEATHERPROOF INSULATED WIRES AND CaBLES WueEeEts—Solid Rolled Steel for Steam, Electric, Mine and Industrial Railways. Wrre—Bright, Annealed, Galvanized, Baling and Fencing and all Classes of Coated and Uncoated for Manu- facturing Purposes. “Charcoal” and The Combined Actual Annual Ingot Production of our Manufacturing Companies for the year 1920 was in excess of 19,000,000 tons. SHANGHAI OFFICE: Union Building—1l Canton Road PEKING OFFICE: No. 22 Wu Liang Ta Jen Hutung TOKYO OFFICE: No. 19 Nakadori, Marunouchi eee

Page 28

24 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW January, OKURA & CO. (TRADING) LTD. No. 14 Canton Road, Shanghai | | | BRANCHES at Hakodate, Yokosuka, Yokohama, Osaka, | 4 a Kobe, Maizuru, Kure, Moji, Saseho, Keelung, Taihoku, Had Ofien: Seoul, Antung, Penhsihu, Mukden, Tientsin, Peking, | ‘ ' Baron K. Okura’ Hankow, Changsha, Kiukiang, Tsingtau, Hongkong, | Ginza Tokio | Vladivostok, Sydney, San Francisco, New York, London. | a. GENERAL IMPORTEKS AND EXPORTERS — ————— ‘ Rails, Bridges, Locomotives and other Railway Supplies Electric Plants, Electrical Supplies Sugar Plants, Spmning Machinery, Machine Tools Factory Equipments, and all kind: of Machines Automobiles, Guns and Explosive: Structural Materials, Steel Mate:.als, Metals Mineral Products, Chinese and Japanese Produce, Silk Cotton, Wool, and their Manufactures Fertilizers, Chemicals, Vegetable Oils and Wax, Dye Stuffs Food Stuffs, Hides and Fur, Skins, Pen-hsi-fu Smokeless Coal and Pig Tron, etc. BUILDING AND CIVIL ENGINEERING CONTRACTORS, INSURANCE AGENTS Yih Chong Wharf (Okura) POOTUNG, SHANGHAI A A setts ies 925

Page 29

Jan. ary, 1925 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW 25 THREE CYLINDER LOCOMOTIVE BUILT FOR THE SOUTH MANCHURIAN RAILWAY ' i | } ; Weight on Driving Wheels, 194,000 pounds ; Weight of Engine, 263,500 pounds; Three Cylinders, 224 x 26 inches; Diameter of Driving Wheels, 54 inches; Boiler Pressure, 180 pounds ; Maximum Tractive Power, 56,000 pounds. THREE CYLINDER LOCOMOTIVE A more uniform turning movement permitting greater tractive power per pound of weight on drivers. Reduction in piston thrust due to smaller size of piston used. Reduction in reciprocating weight per individual cylinder with corresponding reduction in counterbalance and hammer blow on rail. Increased and steadier draft due to six exhaust impulses instead of four. Increased tonnage per pound of weight on drivers. For further information write to our nearest representative: AMERICAN LOCOMOTIVE SALES CORPORATION NEW YORK CITY Telegraphic Addresses: Locomotive: Peking, China Nottac: Manila, P. I. Mitsui: Tokio, Japan Dilpax: Honolulu, Hawaii

Page 30

THE FAR EASTERN MITSUI BUSSAN Cable Address: ** MITSUI” REVIEW LIMITED KAISHA Capital: Yen 100,000,000 35,750,000 Reserve: ,, (MITSUI & CO., LTD., IN EUROPE AND AMERICA) IMPORTERS AND EXPORTERS SHIPOWNERS AND SHIPBUILDERS Head Office: TOKYO, JAPAN Branches: HOME—Yokohama, Nagoya, Osaka, Kobe, Otaru, Muroran, Hakodate, Nijgata, Moji, Wakamatsu, Kuchinotsu, Nagasaki, Karatsu, Miike, Taipeh, Keelung, Tainan, Takow Seoul, Chemulpo, Fusan, ete. etc. ABROAD—London, Hamburg, New York, San Francisco, Seattle, Portland, Ore, Manila, Bombay, Karachi, Calcutta, Singapore, Bangkok, Rangoon, Soerabaya, Batavia, Semarang, Sydney, Melbourne, Hongkong, Canton, Amoy, Foochow, Shanghai, Chefoo, Hankow, Changsha, Newchwang, Tientsin, Dairen, Antunghsien, Mukden, Tieling, Tsingtau, Chungchun, Vladivostok, Harbin, etc. etc. SHIPBUILDERS, ENGINEERS AND REPAIRERS SHIPYARDS AND DRYDOCKS AT TAMA, OKAYMA, JAPAN, For Construction and Repairing. SAWMILL OWNERS IN HOKKAIDO PRINCIPAL LINES OF BUSINESS: EXPORT. Raw Silk and Silk Textiles, Coal, Lumber, Rice, Seeds, Beans, Flour, and Other Cereals, Sugar, Copper and other Metals, Vegetable and Wood Oils, Camphor, Matches, Fertilizers, Paper, Canned Foods, Fish Products, Tea, Sulphur, Cement, etc., etc. ENGINEERING IMPORT. Machinery and Tools, Ships, Steel and Iron, Locomotives, Rails and other R. R. Equipment, Sugar, Rice, Wool, Phosphate, Sulphate of Ammonia, Nitrate of Soda, Rubber, Dyes, Drugs and Chemicals, Jute and Gunnies, Flax and Hemp, Wheat, Seeds, and other Cereals, Bean Cakes, Lumber, etc., etc. DEPARTMENT Sole Agents for Leading American and European Makers, including American Locomotive Co. Bucyrus Co. California National Supply Co. De La Vergne Machine Co. General Electric Co. General Motors Export Co. Mesta Machine Co. Nordberg Manufacturing Co. Sullivan Machinery Co. Belliss & Morcom, Ltd. Geo. Cradock & Co., Ltd. Platt Brothers & Co., Ltd. Ruston & Hornsby, Ltd., etc., etc. Also, AGENTS IN JAPAN, ORIENT, and IN DIA for Well-known Japanese Insurance Cos. January, —————— 925 — ee

Page 31

1ary, 1925 MAINTAIN AND ECONOMICAL TO INSTAL THE FAR EASTERN CEE cuuk Shout % Et wee te —™ eal ¥ >. = “ye dGhAS ee Springfield Cross Drum Boiler Equipped with Elesco Superheater The Superheater Company steam superheater equipment. hLlesco Superheaters, in locomotives, stationary, To date nearly 100,000,000 hp. and marine service. is the largest manufacturer in the United States of are equipped with ELESCO SUPERHEATERS FOR STATIONARY SERVICE Reduce fuel consumption ; increase boiler efficiency in turbines, 10 to 15 per cent. in reciprocating units, 15 to 25 per cent., pacity, and reduce steam line condensation. m leaks, ease of application, “th of service and Vertical tubular boilers without disturbiny ry special cases. ; reduce steam consumption ; increase plant Their construction provides freedom Elesco Superbeaters can be installed in existing H. R. T. accessibility for inspection or repairs, and maximum boilers the boiler setting materially, except in THE SUPERHEATER COMPANY 17 East 42nd Street, New —= York City, N.Y., U.S.A. s eleseg Peoples’ Gas Building, Chicago, Ill., U.S.A. Eastern Representative: George E. Spengler, i Tin Yin Hutung, Peking, North China Designing Engineers and Manufacturers of Elesco Steam Super- Locomotive eaters for Locomotive, : Marine and Stationary i ‘eed W ater Heaters, Boiler Feed Pumps and Pipe Coils. Services, a ye » REVIEW INTANHA TWOIdOUL LSNIVOY GaVvnd oe pe ix ~~ HASLWA YS ee For WHEELHOUSE. Users :— P.& O.S.N. Co. Cunard White Star R.M.S.P. Co. Cc. P. Steam Co. Union Castle Cie Generale Transatlantique Ete. Ete. For STANDARD. The Ideal Combination A Certificate of Accuracy from the Jordanhill Mag- metic Observatory is issued with cach LORD KELVIN Compass. VERTICAL CARD Dry Card Liquid STANDARD COMPASS STEERING COMPASS “ KELVITE” “KELVITE" (Lit trom below) (Lit from below) Specify : “ KELVITE” which means manufactured by KELVIN BOTTOMLEY & BAIRD Ls MANUFACTURERS OF THE care LORD KELVINS Inventions AND OTHER ; LorD KELVIN’S Firm -- | | | i INSTRUMENTS

Page 32

THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW January, | 25 eS eee eee = a = ———— = — - —S UNIFICATION HYDRO- ELECTRIC DEVELOPMENT CENTRAL JAPAN Daou PoweRCOMPANYL17 TOKYO BRANCHES - 0SAKA,NAGOYA

Page 33

Jan-ary, 1925 oe THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW 29 —— a —— STANDARD OIL COMPANY OF NEW YORK 26 Broadway New York TRADE MARK The Mark of Quality SOCONY PRODUCTS Iuminating Oils Lubricating Oils and Greases Gasoline and Motor Spirits Fuel Oil Asphaltums, Binders Paraffine Wax and Road Oils and Candles Lamps, Stoves and Heaters BRANCH OFFICES IN THE PRINCIPAL CITIES OF Japan Philippine Islands Turkey China Straits Settlements Syria Indo-China Netherlands India Bulgaria Siam South Africa Greece India Australasia Jugoslavia

Page 34

January, {925 ——_—_$<_—<$<—$<$<<<—_——_—— —

HONGKONG & WHAMPOA DOCK CO. LIMITED, HONGKONG BUILDERS AND REPAIRERS OF SHIPS AND ENGINES OF ALL KINDS and Makers of BOILERS, IRON and BRASS CASTINGS, FORGINGS and CONSTRUCTIONAL IRON WORK, RAILWAY ROLLING STOCK, Etc. Dock Owners, Ship Builders, Marine and Land Engineers, Boiler Makers, Iron and Brass Founders,

Forge Masters, Electricians The Company possesses Six Granite Docks and Two Patent Slipways and these are Equipped for Expeditious Work. The Plant is of the most modern type throughout. Ship Owners and Captains are assured that Docking and Repairs are carried out Promptly and at Moderate Charges. | | | | | | | | | | |

Oil Tank Steamer PALUDINA, 427-ft. 0-in. by 53-ft. l-in. by 31-ft. 0-in. by 8,400 tons d.w. by 3,100 H.P. Built by Taz HoneKoneG & WxHampoa Docx Co., Ltp. at Kowtoon Docks to the order of Tot ANGLO-Saxon PETROLEUM Co., LTD., being one of four similar vessels built in these Works to the same order. Address Enquiries to the Chief Manager, R. M. DYER, B.Sc., M.I.N.A., Kowloon Docks, Hongkong HEAD OFFICE: KOWLOON TOWN OFFICE: QUEEN'S BUILDINGS TELEPHONE No. 55 K. TELEPHONE No. 20 HONGKONG TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS: ‘“‘MANIFESTO” HONGKONG Codes Used: Al; A.B.C., Fifth Edition; Engineering, First and Second Editions; Western Union and Watkins

Page 35

Jan ATTY, | 925 asi ; This Fire Might Be Yours Tomorrow this may be your fire, and then you would remember the name American-LaFrance as long as you live. American-LaFrance Fire Apparatus is known all over the world because there are 5000 pieces of Motor Fire Apparatus now in active service in various parts of the globe. For nearly 80 years we have been manufacturing fire apparatus of all types, fire department supplies, and safety devices. We are equipped to fill every require- ment of modern fire departments. We also manufacture Motor Trucks. Ulustrated catalogue and full particulars may be quickly obtained by addressing our sales repre- sentative in your country or our Export Department in New York. adit. Okura & Company Pacific Commercial Co. Mustard & Co. Tokyo, Japan Manila, P. I. Shanghai, China AMERICAN |ATRANGE FIRE ENGINE ([OMPANY.ING. Export Department: Fisk Building, Broadway at 57th Street, New York, U.S. A. Cable Address: Cable Codes: Bentley’s, A. B.C. 5th *“Amlafranco” Edition, Western Union. “—- = ot WILLIAM BEARDMORE & CO. LTD. BUILDERS OF LOCOMOTIVES AND ALL TYPES OF WHEELS AND AXLES LOCOMO- TIVES BUILT LOCOMO- FOR TIVE GREAT WORKS: BRITAIN, indies” INDIA, fee EGYPT, [eee # ae a SCOTLAND Ete. Ete. AS SUPPLIED TO EAST INDIAN RAILWAY 2-80 CONSOLIDATION TYPE SUPERHEATED Sole Agents: BABCOCK AND WILCOX, LIMITED HEAD OFFICE IN CHINA: 1 THE BUND, SHANGHAI

Page 36

The Shanghai Dock and Engineering Co., Lt Established 1862 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW January, | 925

ee

Pa | Cc C e (LATE S. C. FARNHAM, BOYD & CO., LTD.) Boilermakers, Dock Proprietors, Shipbuilders, Engineers and Electricians

Head OFFICE: 26 Broadway, Shanghai Telephone No. 7 f aif sO 7 sro =< =e

Cable Address ““FARNHAM” Codes Used, A.B.C. 4th, 5th & 6th Editions A-1, Watkin’s, Scott’s, Western Union, Bentley’s and Engineering. U.S. ARMY TRANSPORT ‘*MERRITT,” 300' 0” X 45’ 0” X 28) 3” The “Merritt” is one of Twenty-Seven Steam Vessels built during the last few years to the order of The American Government for service in the Philippine Islands. The Docks are four in number, ranging in length from 355 feet to 700 feet on the Blocks, and breadth of entrance from 53 feet to 80 feet, with a depth of water on the sill of from 16 feet to 27 feet. The Deck charges are the most moderate in the Far East. The Company’s Yards and Docks cover 96 acres. The Water Frontage is about 114 miles in length. Wharves and Pontoons are arranged where steamers can moor during repairs ; and slips for hauling up small vessels are provided. Sheer legs capable of lifting 65 tons are placed at the various Docks. The extensive Shipbuilding yards and workshops, lit by Electric Light, are provided with the latest improvements, such as travelling cranes of 60 tons’ capacity, hydraulic and pneumatic machinery and tools. Low Pressure Hot Water and Steam Heating Installations CALL FLAG FOR VESSELS IN SHANGHAI HARBOUR “FB,” INTERNATIONAL CODE Berths for Building Steamers up to 10,000 tons Deadweight Capacity. Representatives and workmen attend vessels at Woosung and outports on request. ga@- Telegraphic and Wireless Instructions from vessels promptly attended to ENQUIRIES SOLICITED

H.I.M.S. “ERMANNO CARLOTTO” Designed and Constructed for the Royal Italian Navy Length 160 feet. Twin Screw Engines. Draft 2 feet 10 inches with full equipment and 30 tons of coal on board. Mean continuous speed 14 knots per hour.

Sy Light railway lines are laid thronghout workshops and yards. A Staff of Divers, and powerful salvage appliances, and Floating Cranes ready for any emergency at short notice. Enquiries immediately attended to. Estimates given for all classes of work: Coast Steamers, Side and Stern Wheelers, Tugboats, Launches, Steam Barges, Dredgers, Floating Cranes, and Lighters a speciality. Every description of repairs and renewal work undertaken and expeditiously executed. Motor, Land and Marine Engines and Boilers, Centrifugal, Mining, and other pumping machinery always in stock or in progress, also power driven Machine Tools. Engineer’s Hand Tools, Steam, Gas, Oil, and Electric machinery and Engineering accessories generally. PARTICULARS OF DRY DOCKS

High Water Length on Blocks

Names Breadth of Entrance Depth of water on Sill

Cosmopolitan Dock ...| 700 feet 80 feet 27 feet International Dock ...| 528 ,, ui oa ss Old Dock _... .--| 399 ,, ar ie Tunkadoo Dock al BE GT is is:

s.s. “ YANNIS” ex “WAR TIARA” Sister Ship s.s. “PANAGIS” ex “WAR DIADEM” Sister Ship s.s. ‘‘MELLON” ex “WAR REGALIA” Built for the British Government.

Page 37

January, 1925 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW 33 eS Oe ee eee eee ——— LL Al, A.B.C. (4th and 5th), Engineering, Scott's, Lieber’s Bentley’s | Cable Address: “DOCKYARD” KOBE “Dock” DAIREN and KAWASAKI DOCKYARD CO. LIMITED CONTRACTORS TO THE IMPERIAL JAPANESE ARMY AND NAVY AND TO FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS KOBE ESTABLISHED 1870 TIVE BUILDERS, SHIPBUILDERS, ENGINEERS AND REPAIRERS — | BRANCHES: | —— | STEEL MAKERS, SHIP-OWNERS, LOCOMO- | | | | DAIREN, N.-C., HYOGO, KOBE FUKIAI, KOBE Dockyard & Engineering Steel Foundry, Bar Mill and Plate Mill | Works Railway Shops | BATTLESHIPS, CRUISERS, TORPEDO-BOATS, DESTROYERS, SUBMARINES ALSO, BUILDERS OF FIRST-CLASS HIGH-SPEED OCEAN STEAMERS OF THE | LARGEST SIZE AND POWER BUILDERS OF

Page 38

34 THE FAR .EASTERN REVIEW January, 1925

View of “Yokohama Dock Co., Ltd. ‘| | - THE YOKOHAMA DocK COMPANY, LTD. Dock Owners, Shipbuilders, Repairers, Engineers, Machinists, Boiler Makers and Warehousemen. Operating Dockyard, Shipbuiidingyard and Storage Warehouses at Yokohama, Japan.

Directors: TOSHINOBU SUDA, Esq. (Chairman), MANKICHI MIYANAGA, Esa. (Managing a Dept.), TAMATARO TOJO, Esq. (Managing Shop Dept.) Agencies: NIPPON YUSEN KAISHA, London Branchh NIPPON YUSEN KAISHA, New York Branch. All situated in Yokohama Harbour, the First Port at which Trans-Pacific Steamships arrive, and the Last Port from which they depart. Complete Facilities for every Work and Fully Equipped up to date for All Repairing Work. All Engine Work. All New Ship Work. All Boiler Work. Head Office: Nagasumi-cho $3 Warehouse Office: Midori-cho Builders for i DRY DOCKS: . Say No. i _ mo x BO se Oa United States Shipping Board, No.2 |. .. 380° x 50° x 26 Japanese Navy, No. 3 .. 480" X 63’ x 214! | Nippon Yusen Kaisha, No SHIPBUILDING B BERT pe ik i | and other Principal Shipowners No. 2 Eggo" X30 ee No. 3 _ ly ait 580’ x 36’ . No. 4) ay . Cable Address: No. 5f 680" x 38 «6 29 WAREHOUSES: TSURO, DOCK Iron Building... -» 8,871.57 Code Used: Concrete Building - ... 1,636.99 . ; Brick Building ... ii << ¥OT1.'72 A. 1. A.B.C. 4th and 5th, Bentley’s Cihes ... Bean 74 |

AWARDED GRAND PRIZE E OF HONOUR PANAMA PACIFIC EXHIBITION, SAN FRANCISCO, 1915. MOST POPULAR —— IN THE ORIENT . Gets work done quicker at less cost The Fajrbanks- Morse “Z" engine, in sizes from 1} to 20 H-P,, is a proven power, an asset on thousands of farms throughout the world, Over 350,0C0 giving efficient, economical service.

Especially built for kerosene, but will operate equally well with petrol, Automatic in operation, requiring but little attendance—easily Started, runs smoothly, quietly, cleanly,. Fairbank-Morse Qualty throughout. Your dealer will demonstrate. Hiustrated literature on request Manufacturers Fairbanks, Morse & © INCORPORATEO MANUFACTURERS Export Dept., 30 Church St., New York, U.S.A. Far Eastern Agents: M. S. Vernal & Co., Calcutta Sale & Frazar, Ltd., Tokio International Fngineering Co., Bangkok Borneo Co., Ltd., Singapore = Technisch Rureau Soenda, Bandocng Pacific Commercial Co., Manila [27 McKenzies, Limited, Bombay

ASAHI YEBISU SAPPORO BREWED BY THE DAI NIPPON V BREWERY Cco., LTD. BRANCHES ines Sees Suieit, SHANGHAI, TSINGTAO. SOLD EVERYWHERE Agents: MITSUI BUSSAN KAISHA, China, Straits Settlements, Dateh East Indies, and British India

Page 39

January, 1925 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW 35 Ke : —_—_—_ ———_—_—S—$ ————— ia £0 ——— SS a SS ———— = —_——— penne ee HACK-SAW BLADES THAT GIVE LONG SERVICE GOODELL-PRATT Hack-Saw Blades are made to stand up under severe usage day after day. They are designed to meet actual shop conditions, not freak tests. In the Jong run they prove the most serviceable and economical. Goodell-Pratt Hack-Saw Blades do the work they are intended for. If a blade is to saw brass or tubing it is made with that purpose always in mind. There are other blades for every other purpose; for Goodell-Pratt Hack-Saw Blades come in enough different sizes and pitches to allow anyone to select just the right blade for the job. Just as in every other one of the 1,500 Goodell-Pratt Tools, quality is the first consideration. Only the best matertals, skilful workmanship and the mcst approved designing ever enter Goodell-Pratt Tools. Their supremacy is recognized the world over. Bods, z GOODELL-PRATT loots tthtes, Greenfield, Mass., COMPANY el U.S.A. Representatives : Muller, Phipps & Sellers, Ltd. Muller & Phipps (China), Muller, Phipps & Sellers, Ltd. Room No, 758 Marunouchi Building Ltd. Dojima Building Tokyo N.K.K. Building Osaka (Central P, O, Box No, 98) 2 Canton Road, Shanghai. China (Central P. 0. Box 63) cxreeneemmtns siecattttnaatatiin, ‘tate wast OC OENES EET ee ee SOFT CENTER r nm A en VALVES, TRUCKS AND BARROWS “FAIRBANKS™ Scales have a world-wide reputation for dependability, because of their unusually long life and continued accuracy. “FAIRBANKS” Globe, Angle and Check Valves, in brass and iron, also asbestos packed Cocks, are of a known quality, made and suitable for all pressure requirements. “ Dart” Union Couplings are non-corrosive and leak proof—made so by two bronze seats. “FAIRBANKS” Trucks and Wheelbarrows are manufactured in many styles and for practically every purpose, and are made to mect all requirements. Catalogs sent on request. THE FAIRBANKS COMPANY 416 Broome St., New York, U.S.A. London Office: The FAIRBANKS Company (Europe), Ltd., 15 Mallow St., Old St., London, E.C.1. . A ——____— ee eee r,s

Page 40

36 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW January, 1925 SHANGHAT, 24 KIANGSE ROAD (C.P.0. Box 1040) Electrical Department, ““ MOTOR,” Shanghai Railway and Mining Department, “ BERGBAU,” Shanghai Telegraphic Address : Telegraphic Address : Siemens China Company — PEKING, TIENTSIN, MUKDEN, HarsBin, Hanxow, TsINANFU, NANKING, Amoy, HoncKonc Representatives in other important places throughout China A LARGE STAFF OF EXPERIENCED ENGINEERS ON HAND FOR EVERY KIND OF TECHNICAL ENTERPRISES, ESPECIALLY ELECTRICITY, RAILWAY AND MINING Agents for: Gelsenkirchener Bergwerks A. G., Gelsenkirchen Siemens-Schuckert-Werke, Berlin | Bochumer Verein fuer Bergbau- and Gusstahlfabrikation, Siemens & Halske, A. G., Berlin | Protos-Automobil- Werke, Berlin Bochum East-Asiatic-Wireless Telegraph Co., Telefunken Rags Allgemeine Kohle-Verwertungs-Gesellschaft, erlin Deutsch-Luxemburgische Bergwerks- & Huetten A. G., Dortmund | Branches : i Konsortium Luftbild-Stereographik, G.m.b.H., Muenchen WITH CONJUGATE MOVEMENT TELOC TYPE HASLER TYPE Chart Feed on a ACileage Basis of 10 mim per Mile. ' INDICATES :—Speed. Total mileage since application of Instrument. Total mileage of each run. Time of Day in Hours and Minutes. RECORDS BY SILVER STYLUS :—Speed attained at any point of run. Time the engine or coach is at work. Distance covered. Duration (up to 24 hours) and point Chart Feed on a Timez Basis of 4 mim per Minute. INDICATES :—Speed. RECORDS BY NEEDLE PUNCTURES :— Speed attained at any point of the run. Time the engine or coach is at work. Distance covered. Duration and point of stops. y in! i es aii : ms he NY | ti 7 a ik: k& Fac ty y 1 Os ‘ Y a: % If desired bell can be fitted to ring at predetermined speed, or apparatus | to record working of Westinghouse \ or Vacuum Brakes. 26 VICTORIA STREET, of stops. Time of Day in Hours and Minutes. | If desired apparatus to record working of Westinghouse or Vacuum Brakes. HASLER TELEGRAPH WORKS, ” conpon,’s.w.1 Agents in China: WILLIAM EORBES & CO., PEKING STANDARD Wires and Cables include a complete line of high grade products for aerial, underground and submarine service guaranteed by many years of successful service. Complete information on request. | . | To Reach the | : FAR EASTERN MOTORIST ADVERTISE | IN ASIATIC MOTOR | Official Organ for The Automobile Club of China | Hongkong Automobile Association | North China Automobile Club | Standard Underground Cable Co. General Offices: Pittsburgh, Pa., U.S.A. Agents for. China: Andersen, Meyer & Co., Limited, Shanghai. Head Office: 50 Nanking Road, Shanghai, China. | —$$————

Page 41

January, 1925 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW 37 Standard Structural Shapes Beams— 6 to 12 inches inclusive. Channels—) to 15 inches inclusive. | Angles—3 to 6 inches inclusive. SS Ship Channels and Bulb Angles ee - — O —- We offer unexcelled facilities and service to the trade on Standard Materials, Plates, Shapes, Bars, also on Semi-finished Material and Pig Iron. Your inquiries regarding these products are solicited. UNITED STATES STEEL PRODUCTS CO. 30 Church Street, New York, N. Y. Peking Office: Shanghai Office: Tokyo Office; No. 22 Wu Liang Ta Jen Hutung Union Building—1 Canton Road No. 19 Nakadori, Marunouchi

Page 42

38 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW January, 1525 —__. "MITSUBISHI IRON AND STEEL CO, LTD. | HEAD OFFICE CAPITAL: (PAID UP) MILL (LLOYD’S APPROVED) MARUNOUCHI, TOKYO YEN 30,000,000 KENJIHO, CHOSEN (KOREA) es | | PRODUCTS PIG IRON—Basic & Foundry 100,000 tons. | STEEL—High Tensile & Mild Steel 50,000 tons. | BY-PRODUCTS—Sulphate of Ammonia; Pitch; Naphthalene; Tar | Oil (light, middle, heavy); Slag-Cement, Slag Wool. Sales Agents: The Mitsubishi Trading Company, Limited | BRANCHES AND AGENCIES: Tokyo, Yokohama, Nagoya, Osaka, Kobe, Moji, Wakamatsu, Karatsu, Nagasaki, Otaru, Tsuruga, | Kure, Muroran, Hakodate, Kushiro, Vladivostok, Dairen, Kirin, Harbin, Peking, Shanghai, Hankow, Hongkong, Canton, Tientsin, Tsingtao, Tsinan, Singapore, London, Paris, Lyon, Marseilles, Berlin, New York, Seattle. MITSUBISHI | | A | MARINE & FIRE. MITSUBISHI INSURANCE: Co., Ltd. WAREHOUSE. CO., LD. MITSUBISHI KAIJO KASAI HOKEN (MITSUBISHI SOKO KAISHA, LTD.) K. KAISHA | SS | LANDING, SHIPPING AND | FORWARDING AGENTS, —. Head Office: 1 | STEVEDORES, CUSTOMS MARUNOUCHI, TOKYO BROKERS & WAREHOUSEMEN | Head Office: MARUNOUCHI, Tokyo Paiw-up CAPITAL - - -,,. 1,250.000 | OsAKA AND Moj! ——— as | General Managers of the Branches and Agencies: || Kyopo Unyu KaAIsHA SUBSCRIBED CAPITAL - - Yen 5,000.000 1] Branches: Tokyo, YOKOHAMA, KoBE, | LONDON, NEW YORK, OSAKA, KOBE, | | SHANGHAI, AND OTHER IMPORT- | | ; satay och ; oe - I, LTCHOM ANT CITIES AND PORTS IN THE ee | | | WORLD | WitH Two BRANCHES IN ToKyo

Page 43

January, 1925 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW —_———_—————— -- - eee a F-xceptionally Low Operating Cost Brill Model 55 Gasoline Cars for Short and Branch Steam Lines Complete information furnished upon request The J. G. Brill Company Philadelphia, U.S.A. : a as ee. —* — Bie ee ee ee GE NLORRS 3 -TE LOC RUMMBT. iaT) Te OSES SSIES EES 2 fotos dt EBLE CTRELUST STIRS TS : Sr ie wera The + Teape Maru, built and engined = the Mitsubishi Zosen Kaisha, Ltd. Rita Works MITSUBISHI ZOSEN KAISHA, LTD., NAGASAKI WORKS (ex Mitsubishi Dockyard & Engine Works, Nagasaki) DOCK No. 1 DOCK No. 2 DOCK No. 3 Extreme Length - - - - - 523 Ft, Extreme Length - - - - - - 371 Ft. Extreme Length - - - - - - 728.9 Ft. Length on Blocks - - - - - 513 ,, Length on Blocks- - - - - - 3850 ,, Length on Blocks ~~ & RR. Width of Entrance on Top- - 9 ,, Width of Entrance on Top- - - 66. ,, Width of Entrance on Top - - 994 ,, ,, Bottom- 77 ,, - . bottom - &3 | », Bottom - 88} ,, Ww ater on Blocks at Spring Tide 26) ,, Water on Blocks at Spring Tide - 24 ,, Water on n Blocks at Spring Tide 344 ,, THE BEST EQUIPPED SHIPBUILDING PLANT IN THE FAR EAST With Special Facilities for Handling the Heaviest Castings and the Repairing or Building of Ships, Engines, and Boilers Also Electrical Work LARGE STOCK OF MATERIAL AND FITTINGS ALWAYS ON HAND 39

Page 44

40 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW January, 1925 a emma mmm — 2 +--+ --- ‘ © TOSHIN SOKO © KABUSHIKI KAISHA WAREHOUSING, FORWARDING AND EXPRESS CO. WAREHOUSEMEN LANDING AND SHIPPING STEVEDORES Custom BROKERS WAREHOUSING AREA - - - - = = «= - 76,000 tsubo (308,006 Sq. yds. ) VALUE OF GOODS IN WAREHOUSE (latest date) - - - - Yen 95,000,000 CAPITAL (PAID UP) - Yen 5,000,000; RESERVE FUND - Yen 4,768,000 President: BARON TOSHITARO MITSUI Managing Directors: H. ORUMURA and R. KADONO Directors: K. HAYASHI and K. FUKUI Auditors: E. KOSHI and T. MAJIMA HEAD OFFICE: No. 5 HONKAWAYA-CHO, NIHONBASHI-KU, TOKYO BRANCHES and SUB-BRANCHES: TOKYO—Hakozaki-cho, Fukagawa-ku NAGOYA OSAKA—Nakanoshima, Nishi, Utsubo, Ajji- KOBE—Kano-cho kawa, Nishinari, Sakurashima Chikuko MOJI—Hama-cho YOKOHAMA—Shinko-cho SHIMONOSEKI—Kannonzaki-cho

Page 45

January, 1925 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW 4] NEE a... tr ss...» °°» SS... eee ee —_—_— ——EeE A New Fast American TRANS-PACIFIC SERVICE between MANILA-HONGKONG _aceet SHANGHAL .ccoeenenonncenenenneee=" eer’ ~KOBE-YOKOHAMA err and PUGET SOUND VICTORIA, B.C.—SEATTLE, WASH. VIA THE SHORT ROUTE UNITED STATES SHIPPING BOARD 535’s Leaving Shanghai Arr, Seattle President Jackson Feb. 6 Feb. 22 Jefferson Feb. 18 Mar. A - Grant Mar. 2 Mar. 18 WONG KONO - Madison Mar. 14 Mar. 30 * McKinley Mar. 26 Apr. ll ‘, REDUCED RATE TO EUROPE: £112 AND £120 v4. PHILIPPINE : > ‘¥sq ISLANDS AGENTS A lS Manila: No, 24 Calle David, Kobe: No, 7-A Kaigan-Dori. Hongkong: No. 4 Des Voeux Road- Yokohama: No, 75-A Main Street, Shanghai: No. 29-B Nanking Read, Singapore: H. & S. Bk. Bldg. HEADQUARTERS FOR THE FAR EAST Robt. Dollar Bldg., Shanghal. E. F. TOWNSEND, Oriental Manager. GEO. J. McCARTHY, Assistant General Passenger Agent. ALL TH E ae ee Oe a a ORIENTAL LINE PES CSAS TESCO E CETTE iT, PiPeHP TORT PORTT EE Ee eRTEEE THE NEW GF ALLSTEEL DESK | is the product of the skill and experience acquired during a quarter of a century of steel office equipment | manufacture—High quality, dignified appearance and durability are combined in No. 1600 Line Desks | with many new and improved features of design. Large production permits prices lower than ever before offered for high quality desks of steel or wood. APPEARANCE—Finished in restful, harmonious olive green or rich mahogany graining—other finishes obtainable on special order—The ends and back are neatly paneled. All drawers have hooded drawer pulls to conform to the graceful, symetrical lines of the desk. WRITING SURFACE—Dark green, battleship : ; linoleum insures a perfectly plain, writing surface No. 1660F. 60-in. Flat Top Desk for all desks—Linoleum edges protected by nar- Code Word: INABA row bronze binding strip. Soap and water easily remove all stains. DRAWERS—Spacious center drawers on all except typewriter desk—Standard letter drawer equipped with easily adjustable, positive locking compressor. Storage drawers provided with removable adjustable partitions—Card Index Trays obtainable for use in storage drawers—all drawers dust-proof, vermin-proof and closefitting—Most severe climatic conditions will not cause drawers to stick or bind. All drawers interchangeable. (enter drawer operates locking device controlling all drawers. SIZES AND STYLES.—No. 1600 Line Desks stocked in a variety of sizes and models to meet nearly all requirements: Single or double pedestal, flat top; Flat Top with clemco typewriter attachment in pedestal; Roll Top; Single or double pedestal Drop Head Typewriter Models: Standing Sloped Top, Book-keepers’ Desk; Tables—AIl models shipped K-D for export. No. 1660R. 60-in. Roll Top Desk pers Ves ables models shippe or #xpor Code Word: INGEM | Write for folder XF-469 to obtain full information Export Department : THE GENERAL FIREPROOFING COMPANY 438 Broadway, New York, U.S.A. Cable Address: Genfire (New York). All Codes 7 ee ee —— — —E a — —— =" —- —, = —————— eee

Page 46

MSc asesssasnece osanssessaneseeeeeereeeees SS THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW January, | Shosen Kaisha (Osaka Mercantile Steamship Co.) Osaka HEAD OFFICE: OSAKA, JAPAN Cable Address: ‘‘SHOSEN, OSAKA.” Branches and Agencies at all the important ports in the World. Capital: Y. 100,000,000 Reserves: Y. 66,000,000 40 Regular Lines with a Fleet of 500,000 Tons Gross. Codes Used: Al, A.B.C. 5th Ed., Scott's 10th Ed. & Bentley’s. PRINCIPAL REGULAR LINES: JAPAN-EUROPE LINE (via Suez)—Monthly—Ports of Call: Yokohama, Kobe, Moji, Shanghai, Ifongkong, Singapore, Colombo, Port Said, Marseilles, London, Antwerp, Rotterdam and Hamburg. JAVA-EUROPE LINE:—Monthly—Ports of Call: Sourabaya, Padan, Colombo, Port Sudan, Suez, Genoa, Marseilles, Antwerp and Hamburg. CALCUTTA-NEW ORLEANS LINE: 7 sailings per annum—Ports of Call: Calcutta, Singapore, Hongkong, Nagasaki, Kobe, Yokohama, San Francisco, Balboa, Cristbal, Cienfuegos and New Orleans. - ‘ SINGAPORE-NEW YORK LINE:—Monthly—-Ports of Call: Singapore, Hongkong, Shanghai, Moji, Kobe, Yokohama, San Francisco, Balboa, Cristbal, Havana and New York. JAPAN-BOMBAY LINE:—Fortnightly—Ports of Call: Yokohama, Yokkaichi, Osaka, Kobe, Moji, Hongkong, Singapore, Colombo and Bombay. HONGKONG-PUGET SOUND LINE:-—Fortnightly—Ports of Call: Hongkong, Manila, Keelung, Shanghai, Nagasaki, Kobe, Yokkaichi, Shimizu, Yokohama, Victoria, Seattle, Tacoma and Vancouver. - JAPAN-SOUTH AMERICA LINE:—Monthly—Ports of Call: Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, Hongkong, Singapore, Colombo, Mauritius, Durban, Cape Town, Rio de Janeiro, Santos and Buenos Ayres. : JAPAN-AUSTRALIA LINE :—Monthly—Ports of Call: Yokohama, Kobe, Osaka, Moji, Ilongkong, Manila, Sydney, Melbourne and Adelaide. JAPAN-JAVA LINE :—Monthly—Ports of Call: Osaka, Kobe, Moji, Keelung, Manila, Sandakan, Tawao, Batavia, Sourabaya and Macassar. SERVICES TO CHINA.— OSAKA—Dairen Line.—Semi-Weekly. YOKOHAMA—Dairen- Tientsin Line.-—About 8 Sailings per month, OSAKA—Tientsin Line.—6 Sailings per month. TAKAO—Tientsin Line.—2 Sailings per month, OSAKA—Tsingtau Line.—2 Sailings per month. Keelung-Hongkong Line.—Weekly. Besides the above mentioned, Mail and Passenger Services are maintained by over THIRTY-FIVE REGULAR LINES, calling at all important ports in JAPAN, as well as STRAITS, DUTCH EAST-INDIES, FORMOSA, CHINA, KOREA, Etce., Ete. COMPANY’S LOCAL OFFICES IN CHINA AMOY, CANTON, FOOCHOW, HANKOW, SHANGHAI, TIENTSIN, DAIREN, HONGKONG ——

Page 47

THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW

, a t

‘ ce . 2S a) ~O

SEMI—TROPIC TRANS—PACIFIC SERVICE N. A. LINE S. A. LINE HONGKONG, MANILA TO SAN FRANCISCO

Balboa, Callao, [quique and Valparaiso via ANYO MARU RAKUYO MARU 18,700 Tons 18,500 Tons 3 HONOLULU SEIYO MARU GINYO MARU TAIYO MARU SHINYO MARU 14,000 Tons 16,000 Tons 22,000 Tons 22,000 Tons > TENYO MARU KOREA MARU JAPAN, CHINA, 22,000 Tons 20,000 Tons JAVA LIN E SIBERIA MARU S.S. PERSIA MARU 20,000 Tens 9,000 Tons PERFECT SERVICE—UNEQUALLED CUISINE Sailings from Shanghai i. ““SHINYO MARU” ** SIBERIA MARU ” “TALIYO MARU” **TENYO MARU” 9° **KOREA MARU ” ay ” : HEAD OFFICE: TOKYO, JAPAN BIEN GENERAL OFFICE: YOKOHAMA Agencies: At al Branches: Hongkong: King’s Building; Shanghai: 71 Szechuen Road; Manila: Chaco Build- sails for San Francisco .. Jan. 26, 1925 ® ” ” ++ Feb. 7, 1

- = Feb. 21, 1925 Mar. 9, Mar.21, 1925 DDD RM tn th tata in

1 Ports of call and in all the Principal Cities of the World

ae <AN aM Between Hongkong, Japan Ports, Honolulu, San Francisco, West Coast Ports of Mexico, SSE CREE [-[ IK hd Rs { = : elated * - —— 43

Page 48

44 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW January, 1925 Amoy Ichang Antung Canton Changsha Chefoo Chinkiang Chungking Dairen (Dalny) Foochow Hankow Kiukiang Kobe Nanking Newchwang BUTTERFIELD & SWIRE (JOHN SWIRE & SONS, LTD.), FRENCH BUND, SHANGHAI Telephone Nc. Central 4881 AGENTS FOR Ningpo Shanghai Swatow Tientsin Tsingtau Harbin Hongkong Blue Funnel Line (Ocean 5.8. Co., Ltd. & China Mutual S. N. Co., Ltd.) Fast Services Japan, China, Hong- kong, Philippines. Straits and Java to Europe via Suez Canal and to New “York via Suez and Panama Canals also Trans-Pacific _ be- tween Oriental ports and West Coast of N. America. CHINA NAVIGA- TION CO., LTD. Passenger and Freight Steamship Services SHANGHAI TO, AND FROM, Weihaiwei, Chefoo and Tientsin (for Peking) ; New- chwang: Antung. Hankow, ichang (with connection to Chungking), Chang- sha, and _ Inter- mediate Yangtsze Ports. Hongkong and Can- ton; Amoy and Swatow; Ningpo; and General Coast- ing Services. HONGKONG TO, AND FROM, Manila, Cebu. and loilo Weihaiwei, Chefoo and Tientsin (for Peking) Canton; Hoihow, Pakhoi and Hai- phong; Bangkok and Singapore. Shanghai and Yang- tze Ports(as above) Sydney, Melbourne and Australian Ports (Australian- Oriental Line) Taikoo Sugar Refining Co., Ltd. Taikoo Dockyard & Engineer- ing Company of Hongkong Ltd. Ship Builders, Ship Repairers, Engine Builders, Boiler Makers, etc. Wuhu Yokohama Fire and Marine Insurance Fire London and Lanca- shire Insurance Co., Lid. Royal Exchange Assurance Cor- poration. Guardian Assurance Co., Ltd. Orient Insurance Company. British "Traders In- surance Co., Ltd. Sea Insurance Co., Ltd. Marine British and Foreign Marine Insurance Co., Ltd. Standard Marine Insurance Co., Lid. Royal Exchange Assurance Corpora- tion. Sea Insurance Co., Ltd. Guardian Assurance Co., Ltd.

Page 49

KOKUSAI Nominal Capital Paid-up Capital Aggregate Tonnage ——— uy THE FAR EASTERN REViEW Yen 100,000,000.00 », 87,500,000.00 500,000 Tons FLEET OF STEAMSHIPS Name Rozan-Maru . Vancouver diars Boston-Maru.. Tofuku-Maru — Chifuku-Maru Ryufuku-Maru Hankow-Maru Yoni-Maru Taibu-Maru ... . San Francisco- Maru Naple-Maru ... Glasgow-Maru Yayoi-Maru ... Yaye-Maru ... Malta-Maru ... Buyo-Maru Brazil-Maru ... Kofuku-Maru Yezari-Maru Yugao-Martu ... Yubaye-Maru Sydney-Maru Shanghai-Maru Singapore-Maru Jyufuku-Maru Hiyeizan-Maru Tons D.W. 8,700 9,100 8,800 9,100 9,100 Name Capetown-Maru Suez-Maru Daio-Maru Kashu-Maru . m No. 2 Kifunesan- Maru Yousan-Maru Taisan-Maru Yuri-Maru Texas-Maru ... Tamatsu-Maru Eifuku-Maru Kifuku-Maru Toyofuku-Maru Raifuku-Maru Keifuku-Maru Washington-Maru .... Tokufuku-Maru Portland-Maru England-Maru Chili-Maru Argentine-Maru Port Said-Maru New York-Maru Karorin-Maru Tasmania-Maru Head Office : No. 8 Kaigan-dori, Kobe : BRANCH OFFICE: Tokyo Kaijo Building, Marancuchi. Tokyo, Japan N KAISHA 45

Page 50

N. Y. K. LINE (NIPPON YUSEN KAISHA) HEAD OFFICE: TOKYO, JAPAN SD De ee 5 Aare ure ee agent Atos Some te 3 eh A eee ot Pee gt oth eae, SU bae- as 2 7 ~ : a = “e Ss =r wiz tet Ate ee Pe) ect 2 x ees 46 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW January, (925 ‘i if )- Samed 2 a | | 4} ee 5 ici 2 : : ao ote — : ad “ } ete Geile BA OA : / 7 7 os Setarece The s.s. “‘ Nagasaki Maru” JAPAN-CHINA RAPID EXPRESS LINERS s.s. “ Nagasaki Maru,” s.s. “Shanghai Maru,” 5,500 tons each, 26 hours’ voyage Between Shanghai and Nagasaki, Single passage rates: $35—$80 | PROPOSED SAILINGS (Twice a week) China-Bound Japan-Bound Leave Nagasaki 9 a.m. Wed. & Sun.* Leave Shanghai 6 a.m. Fri. & Tues.* Arrive Shanghai Noon Thurs. & Mon.* Arrive Nagasaki 10 a.m. Sat. & Wed.* | | { | | °Sailing dates for the “Shanghai Maru”’ Effective from March re ee COMFORT ae CLEANLINESS - COURTESY Z ets > Ry, FE _ | Smoking Room Social Hall

Page 51

THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW 4] —_—_ LS SS a eee N. Y¥. K. LINE FLEET: 110 steamers; 600,000 gross tons General View of Unzen The Hot Spring Resort of Unzen, Near Nagasaki, With Its Superb Scenic Features Made More Easily Accessible by the Operation of the Above-named Fast Speed Liners Through Connection for Points on the Japanese Government Railway Lines Established. Combined Rail and Steamship Tickets Issued at Reduced Rates For Particulars, Please Apply to N.Y.K. Offices at Hongkong, Shanghai, Nagasaki, Mojji, Kobe, Yokohama, Tokyo, etc. ete. Golf Course Tennis Court

Page 52

48 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW | January, 1925 : LL , ge a ee ee ee — ———- Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China (INCORPORATED IN ENGLAND BY ROYAL CHARTER, 1853) Capital. £3,000,000 Reserve Fund . ‘ ‘ ‘ : £3,900,000 Head Office: 38 BISHOPSGATE, LONDON, E.C. Shanghai Branch: 18 THE BUND. Bankers: THE BANK OF ENGLAND. NATIONAL PROVINCIAL BANK, LTD. MIDLAND BANK, LTD. THE NATIONAL BANK OF SCOTLAND, LTD. WESTMINSTER BANK, LTD. Rarnries and Branches Alor Star (Kedah) | Canton Hamburg Klang Madras Puket Sourabaya | Amritsar Cawnpore Hankow Kobe Manila Rangoon Taiping (F.M.S.) Bangkok Cebu Hongkong Kuala-Lumpur | Medan | Saigon Tavoy (L. Burma) Batavia Colombo lloilo (F.M.S.) New York Semarang Tientsin Bombay Delhi Ipoh Kuching Peking Seremban Tokyo Caleutta Haiphong Karachi (Sarawak) Penang Shanghai ‘Yokohama | Singapore Zamboanga Drafts granted on the above Agencies and Branches and also on the principal Commercial Cities throughout the world, Bills of Exchange bought and received for collection. Travellers’ Letters of Credit issued and every description of Banking business undertaken. ©. L SG0TT, Manager. CANADIAN AND INDIAN MICA— CUT, SLAB, and SPLITTINGS (Minimum Stock 2c0,0o00 Ibs.) DYNAMO TAPES, ASBESTOS TAPES, and HOLLOW BRAIDS. EMPIRE CLOTH and LINO TAPES. PURE COTTON DUCKS and DRILLS. ARMATURE BINDING CORDS and ROPES VULCANISED FIBRE EBONITE, SHEET, RODS and TUBES. PEERLESS LEATHEROID INSULATION THE GREATEST INSULATING PAPER MADE “RESISTIT” (saktiirs) PAPER, SHEET, & TUBE PRESSPAHN AND INSULATING PAPERS ELECTRICAL PURE RUBBER AND ADHESIVE TAPE Contractors to the Admiralties and War Office, British, American, French and Italian Governments Hopwood Street Mill, PRESTON, Eng. ™™™ Telegrams: “‘Attwaters, Preston” Telephone No.: 1045 (2 lines) Codes: 5th Edition A.B.C., and Western Union

Page 53

January, 1925 a THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW 49 ~ ASSOCIATED BRITISH LOCOMOTIVE MANUFACTURERS ad Otten FOR CHINA | ccs in chine 7 HOBART PLACE REPRESENTATION FOR | . TEL. ADDRESS: REBRITMAN, PEKING BRITISH MANUFACTURERSLTD. | GROSVENOR GARDENS | 46 WAI CHIAO PU CHIEH | LONDON | PEKING | ANDREW BARCLAY SONS & CO., LTD. HAWTHORN LESLIE & CO. LTD. THE NORTH BRITISH LOCOMOTIVE a HUDSWELL CLARKE & ¥ CO., L Se SE SEE EME: dy EE: THE HUNSLET ENGINE CO.. LTD. ROBERT STEPHENSON & CO., LTD. W. G. BAGNALL LTD. KITSON & CO., LTD. THE VULCAN FOUNDRY, LTD. BEYER PEACOCK & CO., LTD. NASMYTH WILSON & CO., LTD. THE YORKSHIRE. ENGINE CO, LTD See ee ~ i ay ay _ est See ‘ 2. a te ele Aen meh A at ll a Rl IRS i git SOO thE a td | | BE : : =e CENERABNG LS | a ee — SO Ce ee

Page 54

50 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW January, 1925

— — ————$—_———— = MENKWA KAISHA SO ———<—<—<<——— Se NIPPON KABUSHIKI (THE JAPAN COTTON TRADING CO., LTD.) LARGEST IMPORTERS AND EXPORTERS IN THE FAR EAST

COTTON COTTON YARN COTTON PIECE GOODS RAW SILK WOOL GENERAL COMMISSION MERCHANTS

Established 1892 HEAD OFFICE: No. 10 2-Chome, Nakanoshima, OSAKA, JAPAN SHANGHAI OFFICE: 8 Hankow Road TIENTSIN OFFICE: 42 Rue de France, French Concession Capital Subscribed- . - - - . . - . - Yen 50,000,000.00 Capital paid-up - : . ; . . - - - - Yen 20,250,000.00 Reserve Funds . . . . . . . Yen 26,825,000.00 MATAZO KITA, Esq., President ATUSHI YAMADA, Esq., Vice-President Directors : K. SUYEYOSHI, Esq. G. IMAMURA, Esq. R. NAKAMURA, Esq. H. OHOKA, Esq. T. SHIKATA, Esq. K. KUSUMOTO, Esq. T. YASUI, Esq. BRANCHES: Semba (Local), Dairen, Shanghai, Hankow and Bombay AGENCIES: Kobe, Yokohama, Tokyo, Seito, Tientsin, Newchwang, Tiehling, Changchung, Harbin, Hongkong, Calcutta, Karachi, Rangoon, Alexandria, Liverpool, New York and Buenos Aires SOLE BUYING AGENCY IN U.S.A.: Japan Cotton Trading Company of Texas, Fort Worth, Texas SOLE BUYING AGENCY IN COREA: Corea Cotton Trading Company, Limited FACTORIES: Cotton Press at Hankow, Cotton Gins and Presses in India —— — a SS es ==

Page 55

THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW 5] Jan iary, 925 XX y m A ill WS 4 i i \ \W A\Y \' Ni | i ith i I ll ~ isi / Tj | i FE | — — — — The Initials of a Friend bright, clean and prosperous communities, cheery OU will find this insignia of service on many homes, easy and speedy travel, lighter work with tools by which electricity works. It is on great generators used to produce power and on lamps that light millions of homes. It is on big motors that pull railway trains and on tiny mo- tors that make hard housework easy. It is gratifying that under the “‘G. E.” standard, marked progress is noted in making the world happier and better. By providing facilities for the resulting greater leisure, the General Electric Company affords opportunities for fuller and happier individual development. Into its endeavors the General Electric Company interprets this deeper and more lasting signifi- cance—the advancement of civilization and the betterment of humanity, INTERNATIONAL GENERAL ELECTRIC | 120 BROADWAY NEW YORK, U.S.A. COMPANY, Inc. SCHENECTADY NEW YORK, U.S.A. Address ali correspondence to nearest representative Japan: International General Electric Company, Inc., Yokohama; Shibaura Engineering Works, Tokyo; Tokyo Electric Company, Ltd., Kawasaki. Philippines: Pacific Commercial Company, Manila. Dutch East Indies: Internationai General Electric Company, Inc., Soerabaia, Java. China: Andersen, Meyer & Company, Ltd., Inter- national General Electric Co., Inc., Shanghai. General office for the Far East, excluding Japan and China: International General Electric Company, Inc., Shanghai.

Page 56

52 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW OO Jan ary, 1925 “MILLS AND MANNING PORATED —— PEKING, CHINA eee UnEEnEIIEEE —— — - ENGINEERS CONTRACTORS & GENERAL MANAGERS COMMERCIAL & FINANCIAL AGENTS MINERAL INDUSTRIAL PROPERTIES Ae PROJECTS PROJECTS OF MERIT | INVESTIGATED FINANCED DEVELOPED MANAGED INFORMATION ON PROFITABLE INVESTMENTS IN CHINA SUBMITTED UPON REQUEST a CABLE ADDRESS “MILLMAN, PEKING” ALL CODES a

Page 57

Jacuary, 1925 otel S800 ) b « oOwMmoan os aa oe wWltee be} RRS NSS Doom ogoo o oo & p= \c BSS SSS -— —_— -—- = -— - = aoe? > cl el 2) 20D © ee Da aah OOO 2 Hh HB g: 9 s + a ‘4 : a 3 Y iD THE FAR EASTERN HOOD Doo woo REVIEW iA oO Beno oe : ete aad IFUL IARI : ie! it Ti It’s the Largest Hotel in the World - wns Hd ae - 7 ; + BRS oate : 2,200 Bedrooms—each with a private bathroom Within the Statler-operated Pennsylvania you will find not only comfort and repose, but also courteous attention to your welfare. And the Penn- sylvania is convenient to everything, for everything. Establish Acquaintance A traveler making his Statler reservations need only address the first Hotel Statler he will visit. This hotel will take care of reservations in the other Statler cities and will assist him in getting in touch with people he wants to see. How to Reserve Accommodation Reservations for accommodation at any of the Statler Hotels or Hotel Pennsylvania can be made at any office of Messrs. Thos. Cook & Son, or the American Express Co.; or at principal hotels and steamship offices in the larger cities of the Orient; HOTEL PENNSYLVANIA—NEW YORK CITY, U. S. A. or at the offices of the Asia Banking Corporation in Shanghai, Hong Kong, Peking, Tientsin, Hankow, Canton, Singapore, and Manila. Reservations so made can be depended upon absolutely. Cables: NEW YORK NIA Statler Hotel in BUFFALO 1,100 Bedrooms, each with a private Bathroom Statler Hotel in CLEVELAND 1,000 Bedrooms, each with a private Bathroom Statler Hotel i in DETROIT 1,000 Bedrooms, each with a private Bathroom Statler Hotel ir in ST. LOUIS 650. Bedrooms, each with a private Bathroom “Pennhotel New York” 53

Page 58

54 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW January, 1925 Se THE BANK OF CHOSEN Capital Subscribed - . - Yen 80,000,000 Capital Paid-up — - - - Yen 50,000,000 Governor: K. Nonaka, Esq. Deputy-Governor : S. Suzuki, Esq. Directors : Y. Katayama, Esq. M. Hashimoto, Esq. I. Tuchi, Esq. T. Kakiuchi, Esq. Head Office: SEOUL (Korea) FOREIGN DEPARTMENT (TOKYO) (All communications relating to correspondence arrangements and the Bank’s general foreign business to be addressed to the Foreign Department) Branch Offices: Japan Proper—Tokyo, Osaka, Kobe, Shimonoseki Korea—Chemulpo, Pyengyang, Fusan, Wonsan, Taiku, Chinnampo, Kunsan, Mokpo, Hoilyong, Chungjin Manchuria—Antung, Mukden, New Town (Mukden), Dairen, Yingkow (Newchwang), Changchun, Harbin, Tiehling, Liaoyang, Ryojun, Kaiyuan, Chengchiatun, Szupingchieh, Fuchiatien, Kirin, Lungchingtsun China Proper—Shanghai, Tientsin, Tsingtao, Tsinan Siberia— Vladivostok, Alexandrofsky Port NEW YORK AGENCY : G. Benenson Investing Building, 165 Broadway, New York City LONDON REPRESENTATIVE : Palmerston House, 34 Old Broad Street, London, E. C. 2 Correspondents : San Francisco, Seattle, New York, London, Paris and in other commercial centers throughout the world

Page 59

Jauuary, 1925 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW —— — ' | — —_———— SS Se ee ee ee CAPITAL AND SURPLUS - - OWNED BY THE NATIONAL CITY Mnternational Banking Corporation - U.S. $10,000,000,00 BANK OF NEW YORK HEAD OFFICE: 60 WALL STREET, NEW YORK LONDON OFFICE: 36 BISHOPSGATE, E.C. Branches: BARCELONA HANKOW BATAVIA HARBIN BOMBAY HONGKONG CALCUTTA KOBE CANTON MADRID CEBU MANILA COLON PANAMA DAIREN PEKING RANGOON SAN FRANCISCO SANTO DOMINGO SHANGHAI! SINGAPORE TIENTSIN TOKIO YOKOHAMA Commercial and Travellers’ Letters of Credit, Bills of Exchange and Cable Transfers bought and sold. Current Accounts and Savings Bank Accounts opened and Fixed Deposits in local and foreign currencies taken at rates that may be ascertained on application to the Bank. We are also able to offer our Customers the City Bank of New York in the principal countries of Indies. 1A Kiukianc Roap. services of the Branches of the National Europe, South America and in the West N. S. MARSHALL, Manager. 55

Page 60

56 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW January, 1925 —__ BANQUE DE LVINDO-CHINE. Capital .. ee cee eee nee es cae aes eee Fre, 72,000,000 Reserves 48 ie sil Tr sist = eis das », 10,000,000 HEAD OFFICE: 96 BOULEVARD HAUSSMANN, PARIS. Succursales et Eagcnecies: Bangkok Haiphong Mongtze Pnom-Penh Singapore Battambang Hankéou Nouméa Pondichery Tientsin Canton Hanoi Papeete Saigon ‘Tourane Djibouti Hongkong Peking Shanghai Bankers ; IN FRANCE: Comptoir National d’Escompte de Paris, Credit Lyonnais; Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas; Crédit Industriel et Commercial Société Générale. IN LONDON: The National Provincial and Union Bank of England, Ltd.; Comptoir National d’Escompte de Paris; Crédit Lyonnais. The Shanghai Agency undertakes all banking operations and exchange business; grants credits on goods and approved securities and receives deposits on current and fixed deposits according to arrangement. L. ARDAIN, Manager. a — ——————————— ———_—_—$— — —$}$ - —— ———_—$—$—————_— —- JUGO GINKO, LIMITED (THE FIFTEENTH BANK) TOKYO, JAPAN Telegrams: ‘“‘Jugo Tokyo” Capital Subseribed Y. 100,000,000 Capital Paid-up Y. 49,750,000 Reserve Funds Y. 29,902,740 President: Masayasu Naruse, Esq. Managing Directors: Yutsuha Sato, Esq., Kanesato Aiko, Esq., Sei Usagawa, Esq. Directors: Prince Iwao Matsukata, Viscount Yukiyoshi Aoyama, Yoshiteru Shimidzu, Esq., The Hon. Nagayuki Asanv, Masao Matsukata, Esq., Masakadzu Hisano, Esq. and Isami Sakihana, Esq. Head Office Manager: Eikichi Tatsuoka, Esq. Head Office: No. 6, Tchome, Kobiki-cho, Kyobashiku, Tokyo. BRANCHES: SHIMBASHI, MARUNOUCHI, NIHONBASHI, KAKIGARACHO, NINGYOCHO, RYOGOKU, FUKAGAWA, KANDA (TOKYO). OSAKA, TAMATSUKURI, NISHI, KUJO, MINAMI, NAMBA, TENNOJI, KITA, TENGACHAYA, NISHINODA (OSAKA), KOBE, SAKAEMACHI, FUKIAI, HYOGO (KOBE). KYOTO, YOKOHAMA, NAGOYA, SAKAI, WAKAYAMA, NISHINOMIYA. OKAYAMA, HIROSHIMA, SHIMO- NOSEKI, FUKUOKA, KUMAMOTO, KAGOSHIMA, SENDAL LONDON BANKERS AND AGENTS: LAZARD BROTHERS & CO., LTD. WESTMINSTER BANK, LTD. UNION DISCOUNT CO. OF LONDON, LTD. a — - —_—__— ——______________ ——— eee ee

Page 61

Jaruary, 1925 ———— _—_ - CAPITAL SUBSCRIBED CAPITAL PAID-UP - Mr. Kiyoshi Sejimo a a $ aa THE MITSUBISHI BANK, LIMITED —__ CHAIRMAN: Mr. Manzo Kushida MANAGING DIRECTORS: Mr. Toru Otobe V————— HEAD OFFICE: No. 3 Yayesucho Nichome, Kojimachi-ku, Tokyo, Japan. BRANCH OFFICES : Fukagawa (Tokyo), Tokio Kaijo Building (Tokyo), Marunouchi Building (Tokyo), Nihombashi (Tokyo), Osaka, Nakanoshima (Osaka), Semba (Osaka), Kobe, Sannomiya (Kobe), Kyoto, Nagoya, Otaru Shang. ti, London and New York. TS - General Banking and Exchange Business —— + Agents for the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Yen 50,000,000 Yen 30,000,000 Mr. Takeo Kato THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW 57 THE MITSUI BANK, LTD. The Oldest Bank in Japan, Founded in 1673 Ce Capital Subscribed... ........... Y. 100,000,000.00 Capital Paid-Up............00--- Y. 60,000,000.00 Reserve Funds(September 1924)Y. 47,100,000.00 HEAD OFFICE : TOKYO No. 1 Suruga-cho, Nihonbashi-ku Home Branches: FUKUOKA, HIROSHIMA, KOBE, KYOTO, MARUNOUCHI (Tokyo), MOJI, NAGASAKI, NAGOYA, NIHONBASHI (Tokyo), OSAKA, OSAKA-DOJIMA, OSAKA-KAWAGUCHI, OSAKA-NISHI, OTARU, SHIMONOSEKI, | WAKAMATSU (Kyushu), YOKOHAMA. | Foreign Branches: | Bombay, London, New York, Shanghai. London Bankers: Barclay’s Bank, Ltd. Midland Bank, Ltd. Bankers Trust Co. Chase National Bank. | New York Bankers: | National City Bank of New York. | f | |

Page 62

58 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW January, 1925 —— ——————————_——— eee ——— ee ee __ ———— ——— Industrial Bank of Japan, Limited (NIPPON KOGYO GINKO) Incorporated by Special Charter in 1902 to Encourage Foreign Investments CAPITAL SUBSCRIBED - oo. kee Xen = 50,000,000 | HEAD OFFICE: 7 EIRAKU-CHO, NICHOME, MARUNOUCHI, TOKYO. CABLES “ KOGIN,”’ TOKYO BRANCHES: TOKYO: NIHONBASHI OSAKA: KORAIBASHI KOBE: NAKAMACHI YEIJIRO ONO, Esq., President JINI MATSUMOTO, Esq., Vice-President K. IYANAGA, Esgq., Director T. IWASA, Esq., Director KOZO MATSUMOTO, Esq. AUDITORS: NAGATANE SOMA, Esa. KINTARO HATTORI, Esq. TAICHI OHBA, Esq. All deseriptions of general banking, exchange, both foreign and domestic, and trust and corporation financial business transacted. Correspondents in the principal cities at home, and in London, Paris, New York, and San Francisco. BUSINESS TRANSACTED: 1.—Loans on the security of public bonds 4.—Trust company business. of debentures and shares, estates 5.—Discounting of bills. (Zaidan), specified land and buildings. 6.—Foreign exchange business. _ 2.—Subscription and underwriting public | 7.—Other banking business sanctioned by bonds or debentures. the Minister of State for Finance in 3.—Deposits and safe custody of valuables. accordance with Law of Ordinance.

Page 63

Jaquary, 1925 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW 59 —— SS ——wO—O OO — SS —— — —_—=—$S—$—————— ss eee — — er oe ee Out ‘Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Capital: Authorised Capital — ... oes vee $50,000,000 Issued and baits aie up ws wes “ _ $20,000,000 Reserve Funds: Sterling — = Ts sie 4, 4,500,000 Silver .. _ — _ $25,500,000 Reserve Lishility of P cigiistion v6 ‘he - $20,000,000 | Branches and Agencies: Court of Directors: bead Off AMOY LYONS | e Ce: BANGKOK MALACCA W. L. PATTENDEN, Esq. a BATAVIA MANILA BOMBAY NAGASAKI ancien HONGKONG CALCUTTA NEW YORK | H. P. WHITE, Esq. | . ' CANTON PEKING | Deputy Chairman Chief Manager : | CHEFOO PENANG | COLOMBO RANGOON B. D. F. BEITH, Esq. HONGKONG ... . A.H. BARLOW, Esq. = parren SAIGON | | _ FOOCHOW S. FRANCISCO | Wis Bey BREE ee, , _ HAIPHONG SHANGHAI | A. H. COMPTON, Esq. Dondon Bankers: HAMBURG SINGAPORE | HANKOW SOURABAVA Hon. Mr. P. H. HOLYOAK THE WESTMINSTER BANK, LIMITED | eae SUNGEI PATANI A. 0. LANG, Esq. _ ILOILO TIENTSIN _ A, PLUMMER, Esq, | , | IPOH TOKYO J , 5 eg q | Shanghai Branch: 12 The Bund | JOHORE Sa | pe ies Rees | Sub-Agency: 9 Broadway | KOBE VLADIVOSTOCK G. M. YOUNG, Esq. | KUALA LUMPUR YOKOHAMA | LONDON Interest allowed on Current Accounts and on Fixed Deposits according to arrangement. Local Bills Discounted. Credits granted on approved Securities and every description of Banking and Exchange business transacted. | Drafts granted on London and the chief commercial places in Europe, India, Australia, Africa, China, Japan and America. | G. H. STITT, Manager. | THE ONE HUNDREDTH BANK, LTD. (DAI HYAKU GINKO) HEAD OFFICE, AWOMONO-CHO, TOKYO TOKYO BRANCHES: No. 1 Torihatagocho, Nihonbashi: No. 10, Ginza Nichome, Kyobashi YOKOHAMA BRANCH: Nos. 53-55 Honcho Shichome OSAKA BRANCH: 28 Bingo-machi, Nichome KYOTO BRANCH: Shijo Higashinotoin SHINMACHI BRANCH: Shinmachi Dori Sanchome President: K. IKEDA, Esq. Managing Director: S$. CHOH, Esq. SUBSCRIBED CAPITAL . . . - Yen 25,000,000 CAPITAL PAID-UP_ .- . . - - Yen 17,500,000 RESERVE FUND : . . . - Yen 8,094,340 DEPOSITS - . - . : : - Yen 110,740,264 eT 1 ES A ES OT 1 LS Transacts General Banking and Foreign Exchange Business. Conducts Trust Company Business ee ee, ee es ae _ a ne aa

Page 64

60 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW — SE SS Sa . January, 1925 THE SUMITOMO GOSHLKAISHA OSAKA, JAPAN OWNERS OF BESSHI COPPER MINE, COAL MINES, SILVER AND GOLD MINES, ETC. MANUFACTURERS OF Tubes, Plates, Sheets and Bars of Copper, Brass, Bronze and other Alioys, Solid and Drawn Steel Tubes, Ete.—Superphosphate and Composite, Manure, Sulphuric and Nitric Acid, ete. WORKS AND DEPARTMENTS Besshi, Wakamatsu, Sapporo & Ohgayu Osaka eh aes -F ai oxi as . Niihama ... Osaka, Kobe, Tokyo, Kure, Yokosuka, Hakata, Shanghai, Hankow and Tientsin . Osaka. Mining Offices WORKS: Copper Works Fertilizer Works Sales Departments ... Forestry Department THE SUMITOMO ELECTRIC WIRE & CABLE WORKS, LIMITED OSAKA, JAPAN MANUFACTURERS OF THE SUMITOMO STEEL WORKS, LTD. OSAKA, JAPAN MANUFACTURERS OF Steel Ingots, Steel Forgings, Steel and Iron Castings of Every Description for Railways, Shipbuilding Yards, Mines, Hydraulic Electric and Other Engineering Works, etc., etc. Copper, Brass, Bronze and Nickel Wires and Strips, Trolley Wires, Insulated Wires and Cables of Every Description for Telephone, Telegraph, Lighting, Power Transmission, etc., etc. THE SUMITOMO WAREHOUSE CO., LTD. Capital Subscribed : Yen 15,000,000 Head Office : Osaka, Japan Branches : Osaka, Kobe & Tokyo Warehousing, Forwarding, Landing, Shipping and Dock Business, Stevedores and Custom Brokers THE Cable Address: SUMITOMO BANK, LIMITED “ SUMITBANK” Established, March, 1912 CAPITAL Yen 70,000,000 DEPOSITS .. Yen 360,000,000 DIRECTORS: Baron K. SUMITOMO President S. YOSHIDA ... Managing Director K. YUKAWA ... ame Head Office: Home Branches: Osaka (11), Tokyo (15), Yokohama, Nagoya, Kyoto (2), Kobe (3), Hiroshima (2), Shimonoseki, Mojji, and in all important places. Foreign Branches: London, New York, San Francisco, Bombay, Shanghai and Hankow. Managing Director KITAHAMA, OSAKA, JAPAN N. YATSUSHIRO .. .. ... ss. a a Affiliated Banks: The Sumitomo Bank of Seattle, Seattle. The Sumitomo Bank of Hawaii, Ltd., Honolulu. Bankers: Lloyds Bank, Ltd., London. The National City Bank of New York, New York. Lloyds and National Provincial Foreign Bank, Ltd., Paris. The Bank buys, sells and receives for collection Drafts and Telegraphic Transfers; issues Commercial and Travellers’ Letters of Credit available in all important parts of the World, and acts as Trustee for Mortgaye Bond, besides doing General Banking Business. eee ——$__—__—_—__—. —- — SS =

Page 65

January, 1925 Serving Canada from Sea to Sea. SATISFACTORY service comes naturally from a Bank that is reliably informed on general business conditions and can offer a system of direct connections throughout the country. Owing to the extent and influence of our widespread organization, with over 650 Branches, many advantages are available to customers of London Office : PRINCES ST., E.C. 2. Head Office: MONTREAL, ————$——_— SE PUBLISHED ANNUALLY THE LONDON DIRECTORY with Provincial & Foreign Sections and Trade Headings in Five Languages enables traders to communicate direct with MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS in London and in the Provincial Towns and Industrial Centres of the United Kingdom and Ireland, the Continent of Europe, America, etc. The book contains over 250,000 names, addresses and other details classified under more than 2,000 trade headings, including EXPORT MERCHANTS with detailed particulars of the Goods shipped and the Colonial and Foreign Markets supplied ; STEAMSHIP LINES arranged under the Ports to which they sail, and indicating the approximate Sailings. One-inch BUSINESS CARDS of Firms desiring to extend their connections or Trade Cards of DEALERS SEEKING AGENCIES can be printed at a cost of £1 10s. Od. for each trade heading un- der which they areinserted. Larger advertisements from £2 to £16. The directory is invaluable to everyone interested in overseas commerce, and a copy will be sent by parcel post for 2, nett cash with order. THE LONDON DIRECTORY CO., LTD. 25 Abchurch Lane, London, E.C. 4, England BUSINESS ESTABLISHED IN 1814. i a ne -———— ——— SS pn FAR EASTERN REVIEW 6] THE BANK OF TAIWAN, LTD. Established 1899 TAIPEH, FORMOSA, TAIWAN Tokio Branch: No. 1 Eirakucho, 2 Chome, Kojimachi Telegraphic Address: TAIWANGINK Telephones: 1060, 1066, 446, 449 Marunouchi Capital Subscribed Y. 60,000,000 Capital Paid-up . . Y. 52,500,000 Reserve Funds .. Y. 11,780,000 President : Kojuro Nakagawa, Esq. Vice-President : Hirozo Mori, Esq. Directors : Ganji Kawasaki, Esq. Masumi Esaki, Esq. Tadasu Hisamune, Esq. Denkichi Takita, Esq. Masakazu Shuto, Esq. Branches : Japan: Tokyo, Kobe, Mboji, Osaka, Yokohama. Taiwan : Keelung, Tainan, Takow, and 11 others, China : Amoy, Canton, Foochow, Han- kow, Kiukiang, Shanghai, Swa- tow. London : 25 Old Broad Street. New York: 165 Broadway, Benenson Invest- ing Bldg. Others : Bangkok, Batavia, Bombay, Hongkong, Semarang, Singapore, Soerabaia. AGENTS and CORRESPONDENTS In the Principal cities and towns throughout the World. Interest allowed on fixed Deposits and Cur- rent Accounts on terms which may be ascertained on application. Most favorable terms are granted to Petty Current Accounts. Every description of Ex- change and General Banking business transacted. Special facilities are available for exchange busi- ness on China, Strait Settlements, East Indies, Austra- lia, Great Britain, America, Canada and South Africa, etc. K. NAKAGAWA, President. ee ee ee Ce eC ' coset a mee ne ne et a og nr on es i rt | rrr a ys ee net ee tee OTE ote ere en ns ee en ee eee eee ee ——w

Page 66

Capital (Paid Up) “ss Reserve Funds” - - K. ISHII, Managing Director. Westminster Bank, Ltd. London; Midland Bank, ftd. The Yokohama Specie Bank, Ltd. DRILLING, BORING & TAPPING MACHINES Vertical or Pillar Type from Solid Made with Circular or | | Drills 2}-in. | | Compound Tables Your own | | | Merchant Can | { Supply Particulars ‘ | KITCHEN & WADE maxces HALIFAX, England Cable: KAW. HALIFAX Code: Marconi International | —— ' THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW THE DAI-ICHI GINKO, LTD. (FORMERLY THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK) ESTABLISHED 1873 - Yen 50,000,000.00 - Yen 42,500,000.00 Y. SASAKI, President Y. NOGUCHI, Managing Director. S. SUGITA, Managing Director. HEAD OFFICE: No. 1 KABUTO-CHO, NIHONBASHI-KU, TOKYO. T. AKASHI, Manager CITY BRANCHES: MUROMACHI, SHIN-OSAKACHO, FUKAGAWA, MARUNOUCHI, KYOBASHI, ASAKUSA. HOME BRANCHES: YOKOHAMA, NAGOYA, TAMAYACHO (NAGOYA), YOKKAICHI, KYOTO, NISHIJIN (KYOTO), GOJO (KYOTO), FUSHIMI, OSAKA, NISHIKU (OSAKA), MINAMIKU (OSAKA), HONMACHI (OSAKA), KOBE, HYOGO, KYOMACHI (KOBE), HIROSHIMA, SHIMONOSEKI, CHOFU, MOJI, KOKURA, FUKUOKA, KURUME, KUMAMOTO, HAKODATE, OTARU, SAPPORO, MURORAN. BRANCHES IN COREA: SEOUL, FUSAN. LONDON & NEW YORK New York {he National Bank of Commerce in New York. BANKERS: The National City Bank of New York. The Yokohama Specie Bank, Ltd. CORRESPONDENTS: The Bank, in addition to its own Branches, has numerous oc cm or Correspondents in the principal Cities and Towns at Home and Abroad. THE REFERENCE BOOK of the Sugar Industry of the World —___ _—- This publication will afford all branches of the sugar industry ready reference to valuable statistical data, methods, processes, etc., and be a purchasing guide to the highest class equipment and supplies used in Factory, Field and Laboratory. Price: $1.00 per copy in U.S. Postal Zone we hee « Foreign FREE To all paid up annual subscriptions to THE LOUISIANA PLANTER AND SUGAR MANUFACTURER and EL MUNDO AZUCARERO of record July /si, 1924. The Louisiana Planter & Sugar Mfgr. 424 Camp. St. New Orleans, La. January, 19. Ell

Page 67

— THE TOOLS AND THE WORK Output depends on rigidity. Accuracy de- pends on rigidity. The essential point of rigidity in a tool is the rigidity with which the cutting edge of the tool and the work are held with relation to each other. Rigidity in other particulars is non-essential. The Flat Turret Lathe is designed with an eve single to being rigid at the right points. The flat turret, with its slide gibbed dir- ectly to the bed, the cross sliding head with a broad spreading bearing on the bed, the self-contained design of the tool holders, the arrangement of the stops. and every other feature of the machine, work toward this one end. And this end is reached to its degree not attained by any other machine. ones & Lamson Machine Company 9-10 Water Lane, London, England Cable Address: “ Turretorum ** London NIPPONOPHONE €O., LID. And Subsidiary Companies Head Office: TOKYO. Principal Factory at Kawasaki ; Subsidiary Factories at Kyoto, Osaka, Yokohama, Osaki, and Tokyo, JAPAN EUROPEAN Manufacturers as well as | of JAPANESE, | PHONOGRAPH CHINESE, | Machines and pees Records =. - | MIirTEEN YEARS Music EK XPERIENCE is reproduced | by our Records. Excellent Machines and Look for The EAGLE Records at Comparatively Trade-mark on the Records low prices. as well as on Machines. Write to EXPORT DEPT.: Meikai Bldg. Akashi-machi, KOBE Springfield Vermont, U.S.A. Cable Address: “ Turret” Springfield, Vt. INDUSTRIAL DRYING SYSTEMS Sturtevant Cabinet Tray Dryer Sturtevant Drying Systems maintain a constant, uniform temperature at any desired degree. They economically and efficiently dry silk, cotton, wool, rubber, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, tropical produce, leather, brick and industriai products. _ Wherever dryers are required there is a Sturtevant Drying System to fit each par- ticular case. They are backed by the solid guarantee of the world’s largest builders of fan systems. _ Our Industrial Drying Engineers will be pleased to recommend a drying system, to suit your individual requiremenis, if you will send us a complete outline of your problem in detail. B. F. STURTEVANT CO., HYDE PARK, BOSTON, MASS. Foreign Representairves AMERICAN TRADING CO., 3 Canton Road, Shanghai Catton-Neill Eng. & Mach. Co., American Trading Co., Inc., 25 Santa Cruz Bridge, 1 Ichome, Yurako-Cho, Kojimachi-ku, Manila, P. 1. Tokyo, Japan i January, 1925 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW 63 ——= =e Cr ———_—_——_———_—- OO CC OCC Cr [Or ro? ——- — 5 ER SL SS SSS Ne ee ee ee ee ee ee cee a a See

Page 68

64 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW SOUTH PIANCIQKIA KAILWAT MANCHURIA AND CHOSEN LINES Circular and Overland Trips at Greatly Reduced Rates TOURIST TRAVEL OFF THE BEATEN TRACK Tourists in the Far East should not miss Manchuria. Through Japan, Chosen (Korea), and Manchuria (or vice versa) is an ideal trip, combining the distinctive characteristics of three unique and profoundly interesting countries. THE CHOSEN AND MANCHURIA LINES are under the management of the South Manchuria Railway Company. Express trains have been temporarily suspended (except between Fusan and Seoul and Dairen and Changchun), but the ORDINARY TRAINS ARE EQUAL TO MOST AMERICAN TRAINS, run at least twice a day from each end, and to some of them Sleeping and Dining Cars are attached. Sleeping berths should be reserved in advance. HOTELS under the Company’s management are established ON FOREIGN LINES at SEOUL (capital of Chosen), FUSAN and SHINGISHU (the two extremities of Chosen), KONGOSAN (the famous Diamond Mountain of Korea, rivalling Switzerland in scenery), MUKDEN (ancient capital of China, home of the Manchuria Dynasty, noted for Imperial Palaces and Tombs), CHANGCHUN (junction for three railways and ‘‘key to Manchuria”), PORT ARTHUR (of world-wide fame for its historic sieges and ruined forts), DAIREN (one of the greatest commercial cities in the Orient), and HOSHIGAURA (the finest seaside resort in North China). ET FROM DAIREN there are FREQUENT AND REGULAR STEAMERS to and from Shanghai, Tsingtao, Tientsin, etc. For pictorial guide-books, pamphlets, and further particulars, apply to the Tourist and Ticket Agencies, or direct to the SOUTH MANCHURIA RAILWAY’ COMPANY Head Office: DAIREN Branch Offces: TOKYO, SEOUL, HARBIN, KIRIN, PEKING, SHANGHAI AND NEW YORK. Telegraphic Address: MANTETSU or SMRCO. Codes: A.B.C. 5th & 6th Editions, Ar Lieber’s, and Bentley’s , See a —— eee January, 1°25 —__, —

Page 69

January, 1925 | THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW 65 7 . Nt | —EE— i tI | i ! } i , , “DD € iN AILROADS which handle a light but constantly increasing passenger trafhc, which does not make profitable the use of locomotives and a few cars, should study the merits of Baldwin Steam Cars. In operation, these steam cars, with or without trailers, have naturally reduced operation costs and have given the traveling public everything asked for in speed, safety and comfort. The seating capacity of Baldwin Steam Cars is 46 passengers, and of trailers, 50 passengers. These cars have a baggage capacity of 291 cu. ft., and have toilet accommodations, electric light and ice water Baldwin Steam Car and Trailer in Porto Rico, U.S.A. facilities. Gauge, 332”. Cylinders, 9” x12”. Working pressure, 200-lb. Fuel, oil. aut wheels, diameter, 37”. Weight. Sicha Car, 78,000-Ib.. Weight, trailer, 36,000-Ib Full Information Furnished Upon Application OFFICES: J. M. Wright, Samarang, Java, D. E. I. J. W. Kelker, Harbin, Manchuria RESIDENT TECHNICAL REPRESENTATIVES: R. E. McFalls, Peking, China E. P. Williams, Jr., Shanghai, China J. F. Greig, Tokyo, Japan AGENTS: Andersen, Meyer & Co., Ltd., Sale & Frazar, Ltd., Peking and Shanghai Tokyo and New York Pacific Commercial Co., Manila, P.I., and New York THE BALDWIN LOCOMOTIVE WORKS PHILADELPHIA, U.S.A. | yt Cable Address: “ Baldwin, Philadelphia” | i ee) le "se Th Loygonr IVES) ju av v' JNU, [nn

Page 70

66 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW _ January, 1925 THE WORLD'S: GAZE TURNS POLITICALLY, ECONOMICALLY, ARTISTICALLY TOWARDS WHERE Oniental charms are jealously preserved intact amidst the most advanced Oriental civilization ‘ JAPAN TOURISTS are ASSURED Comfort, Convenience and Safety : 1. JAPAN TOURIST BUREAU n, Tokyo, Japan 2. JAPAN HOTEL ASSOCIATION c/o Traffic Bureau, Japanese Government Railways | JAPANESE COVERIOREN RAILWAYS ©

Page 71

anuary, 1925 | | THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW — 67 - JAPANESE GOVERNMENT RAILWAYS The Beauty, Fascination, and Mystery of the Orient Await you in Japan THROUGH BOOKING JAPAN to CHINA | | | | Single and Return Tickets between Japan and China. | Japan-China Party Imp Tickets. Japan-China Circular Tour Tickets. Japan-China Parcel Through raftic. Japan-China Overland Tour Tickets for Steamer Passengers. For particulars please apply to the Traffic Bureau, Department of Railways TOKYO, JAPAN I - ee ee

Page 72

ee nT TT +. ‘

SOUTH MANCHQKIA KAILWAT \LW Vy WORKSHOPS »

Re

mer bd a i » 77 . d — ; i ~ = 9 > a - ; = ~ : -” “ =. = -% - - ee ow 4 : = 6 > - rae ee a "3 a y t ‘ BS ae ‘ee ee < a os = ei 4 . " ee « a ae | Ge teri uate ; < ® ; — 4 - ;

Interior of Engine Erecting Shop, Shakako Shops, S.M.R. LARGEST AND MOST COMPLETE IN ALL MANCHURIA AND CHINA AREA OF LAND: About 300,000 Tsubo. OFFICES & WORKSHOPS, 14,000 Tsubo CAPACITY OF EXECUTING REPAIRS SIMULTANEOUSLY : 27 Locomotives, 36 Passenger Cars, and 130 Freight Cars, besides Constructing and Repairing other Railway Materials, Mining Machinery, etc. Employees: 5,000 Japanese and Chinese. THE EAST IS EAST AND THE WEST IS WEST THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW January, ie

Page 73

January, 1925 Togo Pit of the S.M.R. Fushun Collieries FUSHUN COAL The Best Steaming Fresh Stocks Coal in the Far East Always on Hand Depots: Dairen Port Arthur Newchwang (Yingkou) Tientsin Tsingtao Agencies: Chefoo Takao Osaka Manila (Formosa) Nagoya Hongkong Batavia Sourabaya Yokohama Moji Singapore South Seas Saigon Penang Niigata etc. Shanghai Also Sulphate of Ammonia, Fire Clay, and Tale Pamphlets and Particulars gratis from any of the above Depots and Agencies, and from the MINING DEPARTMENT, South Manchuria Railway Company, Dairen THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW Anshan Steel Works of the S.M.R. ANZAN IRON & STEEL WORKS New Enterprise Set Up Like Magic Amidst the Wilderness of Manchuria. TRACT OF LAND: about 4,000,000 tsubo. BLAST FURNACE No. 1 (with a capacity for about 350 tons per day) Opened to service on April 29, 1919. BLAST FURNACE No. 2 (with a capacity for about 350 tons per day) Made ready for service on February 24, 1920. MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION in the plant: 24 miles of railway and 2.5 miles of electric tramway in operation, with three light locomotives and a number of slag-, coke, and ore-cars of from 8 to 24 tons. A NEW TOWN SITE of 400,000 tsubo, with the necessary roads and water and sewage services, laid out and rented to lessees. OFFICIALS AND EMPLOYEES: 2,300 Japanese and Chinese. BUT THE TWAIN HAS MET AND BLENDED HERE

Page 74

70 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW January, {925 nn = —_ Ne ee ee ONS _CRUCIBLES are made in many shapes and sizes, but large or small they are uniform in composition, construction and performance. The name DIXON on a crucible means that nearly a century of crucible-making experience has been woven into its walls. This name assures you of satisfactory performance and utmost de- pendability. Each crucible bears the endorsement of a company which has been through every stage of crucible evolution. Our new Booklet shows the sizes, shapes, etc., of the entire Dixon Line of Refractory Products. Write for it to-day. JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE CO. Jersey City, N. J. Establishea 1827 For Prices, Information, etc., communicate with WALWORTH INTERNATIONAL CO. 29 Szechuen Road, Shanghai, China oo __ ______ 5, ____ ~~. _________--__________...___ ___ — ~_ ~~ _._. > 7 7 Sy i yy % > iN ay CANADIAN CARBIDE : GAS IS ! GIVES ! CARBON PAPERS for Pen, Pencil WHAT YOU | | and Typewriters a ARE | INKED RIBBONS for Typewnters, 1 | Adding Machines, Time Clocks, etc. BUYING | ; POUND | An assortment covering all requirements. | | Uniformity and quality gucranteed throughout | The BEST is the CHEAPEST | a ‘ —— | | Distributors wanted in districts where we | | | | Export Drum with Wood over Cask Years of manufacturing experience, plus facilities for quantity production assure highest gas yield and moderate prices. CANADA CARBIDE CO. LTD. || ites Berrinen Power Building, MONTREAL, CANADA. | Columbia Ribbon & Carbon Mig. Co., Inc. 69 Wooster Street, NEW YORK = are not represented. Write for samples and quotations. Manufacturers and Exporters of “S” BRAND HIGH-GRADE CARBIDE OF CALCIUM | | | | Cable Address: CARBIDE, Montreal, Canada | | Western Union, Bentley’s and A.B.C. 5th Edition Cades. | | 1 | 2 A a ee ee SE

Page 75

January, 1925 THE FAR. EASTERN REVIEW Worthington Locomotive Feed-water Heaters Andersen, Meyer & Co., Ltd., WORTHINGTON PUMP AND MACHINERY CORPORATION Give engines greater power just when power is needed most. Locomotives fitted with Worthington Heaters never fail to “ make the grade.” Worthington heaters, using exhaust steam, are at their best just at the time when engines are being driven the hardest. Firemen call engines fitted with them “ Easy Steamers.” Engine-men find that they never fail to “rise the occasion “’ and meet their demand for more power in getting over the crest of the hill, or in making up lost time. They increase the boiler capacity, decrease the coal consuraption, lengthen out the distances between steps for water and fuel. They bring trains in on scheduled time. They eliminate bad water troubles with tubes, crown sheets and stay bolts. They give the highest degree of reliability and economy. Their superior performance is unaffected by climatic conditions —from the artics to the tropics. They are unaffected by varying conditions in water supplies. They are popular with operating as well as managing departments. They are in use all over the world—the largest railway system in the U.S.A. now using over 500 Worthington heaters on all classes of train service. Executive Offices: 115 Broadway, New York City Shanghai, China Branches: Edward J. Nell Co., Ltd., Worthington-Simpson, Ltd.. Okura & Co.. Manila, P. I. 10 Clive St., Caleutta, India Tokio, Japan —_ —_ =— SS = ee ee

Page 76

72 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW January, 1925 eee a A Se

ae

WALWORT Malleable Fittings Daily chemical and physicaltests trance of the pipe and prevents maintain the quality of the castings. damage to threads in shipment.

. Rigid inspection before and after © We carry 1500 tons of British ——e tapping insures you against receiv- Thread Malleable Fittings in the ing defective fittings. Port of New York for prompt Chamfering permits an easy en- shipment.

Fig. W76—Flange Fig. W13—Tee Fig. W33—Coupling Fis. W46—Union, Fig. W14—Tee Fig. W21—Bead For Catalog, prices or information, address: Walworth International Co., 29 Szechuen Road, Shanghai, China.

Walworth Manufacturing Co. Walworth International Co. ASM Boston, U.S.A. . Fe ap New York Established 1842 Bam Foreign Representative Manufacturers of 23,000 <=3....4 different items ~ ~~ Valves, angen for Steam.Water,Gas, Oil and Air

F. L. SMIDTH & Co. PEKING—CHINA Telegraphic Address: “ FOLASMIDTH,” PEKING LONDON NEW YORK SYDNEY COPENHAGEN PARIS 33 VESTER- RIO de JANEIRO 5 tie = . GADE TURIN ca : ae _ 7 <i oe \ iinet? . . BIELSKO Pl ree wre ~ oy Seer 2 “gi ee tea red

The Nederlandsch-Indische Portland Cement Works at Indaroeng, West Coast of Sumatra, equipped with F, L. Smidth & Company’s Cement Machinery MACHINERY FOR CEMENT WORKS LIME WORKS, BRICK WORKS, NODULISING PLANTS FOR IRON ORE AND VARIOUS MINING INDUSTRIES More than 300 Rotary kilns, with a total yearly output of 60,000,000 Barrels, have been supplied and 5,000 grinding plants equipped with our Machinery A A =

Page 77

THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW _ 73 January, 1925 — —+ -——. ——_ + ———————— ee ——S —s§ “= -_——— Gabriel and Cambria Reinforcing Bars Cambria Reinforcing Bar ==4m a Sh ee ae For Buildings, Bridges and all Other Concrete Structures The Gabriel Reinforcing bar is a deformed bar of ovoid shape with rolled semi-circular lugs which prevent slipping through the concrete. The Cambria Reinforcing Bar is a deformed bar with rolled projections in the form of undulations or waves so arranged that the bar is of substantially uniform cross section throughout. Deformed concrete reinforcing bars give maximum reinforcing strength. The deformations make possible a continuous and more rapid transfer of stress from concrete to steel, thereby providing not only a safer construction, but a more economical one in both labor and materials. Bethlehem Steel Export Corporation 25 Broadway, New York City, U.S.A. Sole Exporter of the Commercial Products of Bethlehem Steel Company F, M. GIBSON, REPRESENTATIVE FOR JAPAN, NIPPON YUSEN KAISHA BLDG., MARUNOUCHI, TOKYO Cable Address: Bethlehem, New York Codes: Western Unicn five letter, Bentley's, Lieber’s, and A.B.C. | BETHLEHEM

Page 78

74 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW OSAKA: No. 15 Itchome Dojima Hamadori Tel. No. Kita 1477 ee eee eee eae eee ee a The JANNEY-PENN | Coupler HE latest development of the Janney type of M. C. B. Coupling originally introduced and promoted by this company. This coupler has all the simplicity of the early type of the Janney coupler, and also has the up-to-date features of a ‘* Lock-to-the-Lock,” ‘‘Lock-Set,” and a ** Knuckle-Opener,” and complies fully with all the require- ments and recommendations of the M. C. 8%. Association of the U.S. A. This coupler has the desirable feature of easy accessibility of parts, thus facilitating the making of repairs. Furnished with various designs of rear end to suit different types of Draft Rigging. Manufactured exclusively by | THE McCONWAY & TORLEY CO. Pittsburgh, Pa., U.S. A. Cable Address—Torley, Pittsburgh China Agents: The Robert Dollar Co., Hankow and Shanghai, Tientsin, China ee ree ee eee eee yi A a tt Rea — = + ES SS KJELLBERG SUCCES S K F DEPARTMENT TOKYO: Central P.O. Box 12, Ginza Salestore No. 1 Nichome, Ginza Kyobashi-ku Tel. No. Kyubashi 42938 2 SORS, LTD. KOKURA: No. 43 Uomachi Tel. No. 179 ?, ‘pw wa) i — Unfailing —S aN \ Protection I i \ For Your f \ Most Valued Q , Possessions | HERRING-HALL-MARVIN Safes and Bank Vaults All sizes from the smallest Home Safe to the largest Bank Vaults, Key - Lock or Combination. MUSTARD & COMPANY Sole Agents for China, Hongkong and Macao. Shanghai, Tientsin, Hankow, Hongkong, Canto, Harbin.

Page 79

January, 1925 -— INGERSOLL-RAND—THE COMPRESSED-AIR MACHINERY AS { i 4 ai) i Compressed-air is one of the three great modern power transmitting media. It enters into essential operations in nearly every industry. Since the beginning of the commercial use of com- pressed-air and tools operated by means of this form of power, Ingersoll-Rand Company has held its leadership. There are over one thousand different classes, type and sizes of Ingersoll-Rand Compressors. Amongst this assortment, there is one that will exactly suit your needs, as to capacity and type of drive. INGERSOLL-RAND COMPANY, THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW Nee eee 42 KIANGSE ROAD, WORLD’S FOREMOST MANUFACTURER "aa The best materials obtainable, advanced design and precise workmanship insure that Ingersoll-Rand Com- pressors are of unexcelled merit. These machines are in daily use in all parts of the world wherever modern industry is being carried on. In New York, San Francisco, Honolulu, Manila, Shanghai, Soerabaja, Calcutta, Cairo, Vienna, Paris, London—ringed around the world—north to Juneau and south to Johannesburg, are Ingersoll-Rand branches or agents with expert engineers and ample stocks at your immediate service. SHANGHAI, CHINA Exclusive Agents in Japan: American Trading Company, Tokio and Kobe, Japan. Agents for Hongkong: Jardine Engineering Corporation, Ltd., Hongkong. Agents for Netherlands East Indies: Lindeteves-Stokvis, Soerabaja, Samarang, Batavia. Ingersoll-Rand + 11 BROADWAY, NEW YORK ee

Page 80

“46 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW — Reas Far Eastern Manual 1924 a ee OT ——_— -_— ——— eee The 1924 edition of this stupendous compilation of concrete facts, covering the main Engineering and Industrial establishments of Eastern Asia, should be on the desk of every executive of the Engineering and Financial professions doing business in the Orient. Order your copy now. SSeS ——— Price Mexican $25.00 or its equivalent PUBLISHED By THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW 16 Jinkee Road Shanghai, China

Page 81

January, 1925 THE. FAR .EASTERN .REVIEW . —=s, = ST — —_———— - CO THE North-China Daily News Established in 1850 as a weekly; in 1864 as a daily To the Reader The ** North-China Daily News * writes the history of China. It records the pulse of its politics ; it reports the conditions of its finance and its markets; and it chronicles the daily doings of its people. To the Advertiser The greatest purchasing power in China is that possessed by readers of the “‘North- China Daily News.”’ It is the newspaper which is found in every office, consular or commercial; it is the newspaper most frequently quoted both by the foreign and vernacular press; and it is the one news- paper which combines a quality with a quantity circulation—being the largest both in size and circulation in China. It was the first newspaper to publish audited circulation statements. Subscription: Mex. $28 per annum. (Postage Extra). The North-China Herald Is the weekly edition of the ‘* North-China Daily News” for readers abroad. It contains 95 per cent. of news and is the best medium for keeping in touch with ih in China when out of reach of the aily, Subscription: Mex. $16 per annum. (Postage Extra). Copies of either of the above publicaiions will be sent to anyone interested on request. ———-- -- - —— i NorTH-CHINA Daity News & HERALD, LtTD., ) Shanghai. . Telegraphic Address: ‘ Herald Shanghai.”—All Codes, ee ET A Se ~ ———— ee See = ee A NORTH-CHINA TRADE DIRECTORY The North-China Desk Hong List Is the only Trade Directory of North China issued annually. : its information is most accurate and complete. Published regularly since 1865 it has grown to 940 pages. In addition to the names and addresses of every foreign firm, resident, and missionary in China it contains the following classified information : SHANGHAI HONG LIST.—All firms, institutions, missions, consulates, ete., in Shanghai, with staffs, arranged alphabetically. TRADE DIRECTORY. —A list of all Shanghai firms under their professional or trade headings. AGENCIES.— Agencies held by Shanghai firms are listed alphabetically, with the firm’s name after them. STREET DIRECTORY. —A list of the streets of Shanghai in English and Chinese, with the occupants of all fureign and many Chinese houses, offices, and stores. SHANGHAI WHO’S WHO.—An alphabetical list of the men of Shanghai, with their business addresses. RAILWAYS.—A list of the Northern Railways of China, with their foreign and native staffs, including those resident in Shanghai. RESIDENTIAL DIRECTORY.—A complete list of the foreign residents of Shanghai, arranged alphabeti- cally, with their private addresses, OUTPORT HONG LIST.—A list of Northern and Central China cities and outports with foreign firms and institutions and their staffs. OUTPORT WHO’S WHO.—An alphabetical list of foreign men in Northern and Central China, compiled from the Outport and Railway Sections of this work. OUTPORT LADIES’ LIST.—An alphabetical list of foreign ladies, not engaged in mission work, resident in Northern and Central China, OUTPORT MISSIONARIES.—Classified alphabetically by provinces. Under the names of the provinces are given the towns where missions are established, with list of residents. This is divided into two sections: (1) Protestants, (2) Roman Catholics. Mission In- stitutions, such as Schools, Colleges. etc., will be found under the respective Ports in which they are instituted. MISSIONS WHO’S WHO.—An alphabetical list of missionaries of each deuomination, compiled from the previous section. GENERAL. —Cousular, postal, exchange and other information. PRICES : $10 with Shanghai map $3 without map On Sale at the Offices of The North-China Daily News Shanghai Senge se enw enerarg TET o- wiienguttiemenmpins 605 8 ee OO te ew a mapa

Page 82

28 | THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW January, 125

ELECTRICITY IS AVAILABLE EVERYWHERE With a Westinghouse Light and Power Piant, electricity is now available every- where. At the touch of a button, any part of the house, barn, driveway and walks can be made brilliant with bright and safe elec-. tric lights.

In many farm homes they also have automatic pressure water systems operated by Westinghouse Power Plants. Water may be had in- stantly when you turn the faucet in the kitchen, bathroom, washhouse or trough. This electric power makes farm tasks easy, The remarkable success of the Westinghouse Light and Power Plant is the result of years of experience and research. You will be im- pressed with its compactness and simplicity. It is inex- pensive to own and also to operate. Fill out the attach- ed coupon and send it to our nearest representative. It in no way obli- gates you.

N Gentlemen: Please send me complete informa- tion on your Farm. Light and Powe: Plants

ee ee ee ee ee neers < 7th . O FOOTE EE TERETE HETERO HHH EERE EERE EEE EE EEE EEE HEPER EEE HEE EEHEEEE i WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC INTERNATIONAL COMPANY. No. 1 The Bund, Sh hai CHINESE ENGINEERING & DEVELOPMENT COMPANY, Tientsin-Peking TAKATA & COMPANY, No. ¢ Yelraku-cno, Nichame, Tokio | $ - P.O. Box 4 ongkong N- 4L ENGINEERING & MACHINERY COMPANY | LIDA COMPANY, Mukden 25 Santa Cruz Bridge, Manila aca |

rs _— ——— ——— ee ™=

Page 83

' 4 | ‘ ‘ } | i j ; | ‘ ; Capital (Fully Paid-Up): Yen 100,000,000 Reserve Funda: Yen 77,500,000 HEAD OFFICE, YOKOHAMA The Yokohama Specie President: KENJI KODAMA, Esq. Vice-President: REITARO ICHINOMIYA, Esq. YUKI YAMAKAWA, Esq. MASUNOSUKE ODAGIRI, Esq. Baroxs KOYATA IWASAKI Head Office: YOKOHAMA. Manager: T. OKUBO, Esq. Batavia Changchun Harbin Bombay Dairen Hongkong Buenos Aires Fengtien Honolulu Canton Hamburg Kaiyuang Calcutta Hankow Kobe Established 1880 DIRECTORS : KONOJO TATSUMI, Esa. SHIMAKICHI SUZUKI, Esq. FUKUSABURO WATANABE, Esq. Prince IWAO MATSUKATA Baron KAISAKU MORIMURA TOKYO BRANCH No. 1. Nichome, Eirakucho, Kojimachi-ku. Manager: E. TSUYAMA, Esq. BRANCHES AND AGENCIES. rae Asia Nagasaki Rangoon 8s Angeles N . : (sub-ofhice of San Franctsco Nandwnte Rio de Janeiro anid New York Saigon Peking Seattle Osaka dan Francisco LONDON BANKERS LLOYD’S BANK, LIMITED WESTMINSTER BANK, LIMITED NATIONAL PROVINCIAL BANK, LIMITED THE MIDLAND BANK, LIMITED CCRRESPONDENTS AT ALL THE CHIEF COMMERCIAL CITIES IN THE WORLD Bank, Ltd. KIMPEI TAKEUCHI, Esq. TARO HODSUMI, Esq. KUNIZO MOGAMI, Eso. NAOZO IGARASHI, Esq. SHANGHAI BRANCH No. 24 The Bund Manager: G. HASHIDZUME, Esq. Semarang Tientsin Shanghai Tsinan Shimonoseki Tsingtcu Singapore Viadivostock Sourabaya (Temporarily Sydney closed) Interest allowed on Current Accounts and Fixed Deposits on terms to be ascertained on application. Every description of Banking business transacted. For particulars, apply to the managers. Le sneenenen dammed ee nnn nT

Page 84

YTRBEDRBEARBATALELE -BAR MILL PRODUCTS Open Hearth, Bessemer and Electric ~ Rounds ; Half Ovals Squares Steel Tire Flats Reinforcing Bars Bands (Plain and Cold’ Twisted) : Angles. | ey . Plow Beam Shapes Channels Channeled Flats Tees. Toe Calk . Bees ..: U Bars Half Rounds Sawmill Track Ovals | Frog Fillers Furnished in various sizes and lengths, in strict accordance with recognized Standard Specifications. Will also consider requirements calling for special shapes and analysis. Our other products include Structurals, Plates, Rails and Fastenings, Semi-finished Material and Pig Iron. —— -—— --— ILLINOIS STEEL COMPANY GENERAL OFFICES: CHICAGO, ILLINOIS UNITED STATES STEEL PRODUCTS CO. 30 Church Street, New York, N. Y. EXPORT REPRESENTATIVES: Tokyo Office: Shanghai Office: Peking Office: No. 19 Nakadori, Marunouchi Union Building—1 Canton Road Yo, 22, .. Liang Ta Jen Hutung ssitiniitailiiaal RESETS OIE SIREN a SS Printed by the Norra-Caina Datty News anD HERALD, Ltp., for the Proprietor.

Page 85

The Far Eastern Review FINANCE ENGINEERING COMMERCE VoL. XXI SHANGHAI, JANUARY, 1925 No. 1 “UP CLOSE” - A Close-up Picture of the Great War Comedy Entitled “Slipping the Skids Under America” as Thrown on the Screen by “ Upton Close” in “‘ The Land of the Laughing Buddha” Published by G. P. Putnam’s Sons ITTLE by little the truth is coming to light concerning the origins of the great Japanese war scare of five years ago. Each new writer on Far Eastern affairs contributes evidence which reveals the existence of a wide-spread organized movement to railroad the United States into war with Japan over China, The facts connected with this movement were so clear that THE Far EASTERN REVIEW several times called for a congressional investigation in order to open the eyes of the American people to the ramifications of a campaign which derived its impetus from a group of misguided fanatics holding office under the Wilson ad- ministration. The proofs which the American authorities were reluc- tant to face are now being retailed through the confessions and admissions of facts by various participants in the movement and it is only necessary at this time to sum up the evidence and arrive at a proper verdict. If the American people ever understand just how close they were to being plunged into war with Japan by this utterly irresponsible group working in close co-operation with propagandists and professional agitators in the pay of China and Germany they will appreciate how difficult was the task of averting a catastrophe which confronted President Harding when he came into power. In this, they will be assisted by the testimony of Mr. Josef Hall, who under the pen name of “‘ Upton Close,” contributes several missing links in a chain of evidence which only needs a few more facts to close the case. The ramifications of the movement and the complete evidence upon which a verdict must rest are so scattered and voluminous that it would require a special book in itself to describe its workings. In order, however, to arrive at a full understanding of the value of Mr. Hall’s testimony, it is necessary to invite attention to the high points of a campaign which culminated in the resignation of Dr. Paul 8. Reinsch from the American diplomatic service in a letter to President Wilson demanding an immediate “‘ show-down ”’ with Japan, followed by his acceptance of the post of high-adviser to the Chinese government. With a minister at Peking imbued with pro-Chinese ideas, an organization was perfected in which the usefulness, loyalty and standing of Americans was measured by their readiness to espouse the cause of China. Reinsch surrounded himself with men whose minds worked in harmony with his own; men obsessed with the idea that their country must fight Japan in order to save China. Long before the termination of the great war, preparations were made in Peking to indict Japan before the world as soon as peace was declared, evidence of which is seen in the activities of the Anglo-American Association of Peking and in their confidential literature handed out to every prominent American visitor. We have the confession of “ Putnam Weale,” a British adviser to the Chinese government, of the existence of a secret treaty of alliance between China and America providing amongst other things that China would hand over her ports and naval bases to the American fleet and keep the Japanese occupied in the Gulf of Chihli until the arrival of the American expeditionary forces. The remarkable thing about this alliance, was that the American government, the American legation, American «residents and ? American members of the Anglo-American association of Peking were maintained in the most profound ignorance of the part they were expected to play in this great war conspiracy. On the other hand, the inside facts were so fully known to a British adviser to the president of China that he was able to reveal even the text and detailed plan of campaign to the prime minister of Canada, publish them in his book and in a series of articles in a North- China daily newspaper without even a denial or challenge on the part of the American authorities or residents in Peking. This provided the Japanese government with the opportunity to request the American ambassador at Tokyo for an explanation. After cabling to Washington and making a categorie denial of America’s knowledge of or participation in this secret war alliance, Ambas- sador Warren took the next train to Peking, where, we understand, he conveyed the sentiments of an outraged administration to in- terested parties. Here we had a military and naval attaché tireless and ceaseless in uncovering every scrap of evidence that might convict Japan of aggressive designs upon China, yet right under their very nose they were being made the dupe of another group who had the plans of a campaign drawn up in advance for the benefit of the American army and navy in a war with Japan. The facts which have since come to light fully convict these men of gross partiality and inability to properly represent their country in such a grave crisis. ' We have the evidence in the published reports of the Senate committee on foreign relations of Mr. Thomas F. Millard’s efforts to break the Versailles peace treaty over the Shantung decision, in which he was aided by a group of Chinese who accompanied him from Paris for this particular purpose. We recall that he publicly declared that war with Japan was the only way to restore China’s sovereignty over this territory. We also recall that this appeal echoed the sentiments of the chief Far Eastern expert of the Ameri- can delegation to the peace conference, who exclaimed on learning of the Shantung decision, “ This Means War”! Just after America entered the war against Germany in 1917, Mr. Thomas F. Millard established a new weekly newspaper in Shanghai in which he was associated with Mr. J. B. Powell, who in due course became secretary of the American chamber of com- merce of China, in full charge of its correspondence, official and otherwise. In fact, this representative bedy of American business men during and for two years after the war became an adjunct to Millard’s Review, the most fanatically anti-Japanese newspaper ever printed. While Mr. Millard was in Washington advocating war with Japan over Shantung, his associate, representing the American chamber of commerce, was sending circular letters to firms at home urging them to write to their congressmen_and senators to demand from the state department the secret reports on Japan’s activities in Shantung and have them read into the congressional record ; a frank incentive to hostilities. The inference was that the chamber of commerce had full knowledge of the contents of these reports. The secretary of the American chamber of commerce at Tientsin also sent similar letters to American firms at home,

Page 86

2 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW stating in effect that only armed force could drive the Japanese out of Shantung ; another open invitation for America to tackle the job. THe Far Eastern REVIEW subsequently proved from the consular records that some of these reports were false and mis- leading and was able to correct the statement that Japan had discriminated against American trade in Shantung. All this is a matter of record. Now comes Mr. Josef Hall, who confesses that he was the investigator who for two years (1917-1919) journeyed through Shantung dressed in Chinese clothes and flooded the state department with reports about conditions in that province. Let us quote Mr. Hall (see page 31 of his book): “Sometime previously I had decided that reams of reports filed in the state department would have less influence in sav- ing Shantung to China than a few stories in American news-~ papers. I sent some articles secretly to my friend, J. B. Powell, editor of the Shanghai Weekly Review, the same Powell who was a prominent American captive in the kidnapping (Lincheng) case. Under the stories I put the words ‘ Up Close’ as an indication of where I was. Powell ran them as the author’s name under the title. They evolved into ‘Upton Close’ and the name has stuck to me since.” Mr. Hall fails to enlighten his readers as to his connection with the state department or who authorized and sent him into the interior of Shantung to save the province for China. In the opening sentence of Chapter IV., Mr. Hall mentions the name of a Chinese friend and trusted fellow investigator thus revealing that others were colaborating with him, and that reports of Chinese investigators were being forwarded to our state department. We are assured, however, on the highest possible authority, that Mr. Hall was ‘not an accredited agent of the state department, that the voluminous reports he refers to, were not only officious but a piece of downright impertinence, in which many Americans indulged as a patriotic pastime during the war. Now, if the state department did not employ Mr. Hall, who did? This is a pertinent question, for if Mr. Hall was not employed by the state department there is reason to believe that he was one of the volunteer agents of the military or naval intelligence service and that his confidential reports to these officials were duplicated in whole or in part to a newspaper whose publisher and editor were distinguishing them- selves as leaders of the anti-Japanese campaign. Recalling the circular letter sent by the secretary of the American chamber of commerce in which the attention of American firms was called to the existence of these secret reports and Mr. Hall’s admission that he was sending his stories through Mr. Powell, whose chief was at Washington agitating for war with Japan ; recalling that the Ameri- can minister at Peking was strongly urging President Wilson to provoke a “show-down” with Japan and that a secret Sino- American military alliance had been carefully drawn up in Peking in preparation for the conflict, the admission of Mr. Hall permits us to view a very clear close-up picture of the forces that were operat- ing to precipitate a crisis. There are other interesting revelations in Mr. Hall’s contribution to recent Far Eastern history. The Lincheng train hold-up is still fresh in the memory of our readers. One of the kidnapped passengers was the same Mr. J. B. Powell, referred to above. Mr. Powell did his utmost through newspaper correspondence to con- nect the Japanese with the Shantung bandits, offering as proof of his accusation, the allegation that they were armed with rifles made in Japan and marked with Japanese characters. His co-worker, however, makes the following startling admission on page 20 of his new book : “Most noticeably was this in the case of the famous train hold-up in Southern Shantung, which was not without its sardo- nic aspect. America took arms to Viadivostok to fight the Rus- sians, then withdrew and left them in the care of the Japanese. A Japanese officer allowed ‘White’ partisans to ship the arms to Chang Tso-lin, independent ruler of Manchuria. He, in turn, desiring to embarrass the leaders south of the great wall who had recently defeated him. permitted a quantity of these good Ameri- can rifles to be smuggled along the Shantung coast. Shantungese brigands used them to kidnap and rob American and other tourists !” In other words, Mr. Hall consigns his intimate friend to a very prominent place in the Annanias club. Yet is was on the strength of such conflicting testimony that the American people were prod- January, 1925 —_--—— a ded to a point where the Washington conference alone saved them from the horrors of an Asiatic war. There are many other interesting revelations in Mr. Hall’s book. The reader is left somewhat in doubt as to who really drove out the Anfu and Chang Tso-lin cabinets. The impression remains that although Wu Pei-fu was a great general he was fortunate in having Mr. Josef Hall as his chief of staff and adviser. At any rate it is now quite clear why Wu Pei-fu lost the recent war. “ Up- Close,” unwittingly perhaps, has performed a patriotic duty, making it possible for the intelligent public to get a close-up picture of a game that can never again be piayed in the life-time of this generation. Notwithstanding Mr. Hall’s confession of impartiality and admiration for Japan, there is nothing in his book to justify such an asseveration. Whatever the Japanese did was wrong. The book is replete with instances which prove this. Mr. Hall waxes wroth over the erection of a yoshiwara in Tsingtao but speaks rather nicely of the sing-song girls who travel on the Chinese railways to cheer the Chinese soldiers “ without other pass than their long black braids.” He goes into hysterics in describing how a Japanese officer beat a coolie with the flat of his sword, how the Japanese gendarmes took baked sweet potatoes from confectionary stores without paying for them and ogled the Chinese girls. He describes his adventures with the Japanese passport officer at Tsingtao, whose only offence as far as we can gather was his habit of sucking in his breath. Its a good thing for Japan that her officials in China did not take kindly to the favorite North-China vegetable, for had they done so and exhaled their breath on Mr. Hall, nothing could have stopped a war between their country and the United States. Hall lived up-close to the Shantung coolies for over two years and was immune to their garlic laden exhala- tions. He evidently liked it, but would never have stood it from the Japanese. Mr. Hall very carefully refrains from enlightening his readers as to the results of his investigations in Shantung nor does he give us an insight into these wonderful reports filed with the state department, but he does give us the inside history of the salt rebellion in Shantung where the salt workers in a certain district armed with “ Japanese” rifles closed up all the revenue agencies and chased the tax collectors out of the country. Like his co- worker, Mr. Powell, he jumps to the conclusion that possession by the Chinese of a rifle made in Japan is conclusive evidence that Japan is behind any movement in which such rifles are employed. He overlooks his former statement about the use of American- made rifles by the bandits who held-up the train at Lincheng. That was merely a “sardonic” coincidence. He also ignores the very important fact that the Japanese group in the consortium is equally interested with its partners in preserving intact this security for the reorganization loan. The following extract will indicate the curious working of Mr. Hall’s mind :— ‘TI sent the story of the salt rebellion to the press. Then I traveled with Weston to Chefoo where he put the situation before his superior, a big-hearted but bluff Britisher named Pearson. ‘“My interview with this upholder of British prestige in Asia was one of the most interesting I have ever had. The first fifteen minutes Pearson did all the talking and all his words were bloody cuss-words. It was outrageous in his opinion for me to give publicity to an incident so damaging to the prestige of the foreign (British ?) salt gabelle. And how, I asked him, after the torrent of abuse had run out, did he propose to meet the emergency ? ‘He had arranged for a Chinese war-ship to come and blow Gold Harbor, one of the largest native ports, into fragments as a warning to the Chinese people of the dangers of listening to Japanese seduction or holding out for the prerogatives given them by a medizval emperor. “The upshot of the matter was characteristic of the British genius in dealing with the Oriental. ‘* Gold Harbor was laid in ruins and armed resistance thorough- ly suppressed. Then, with a hearty expression of appreciation for the honesty of the mistaken natives whom it had been neces- sary to subdue, the salt inspectorate royally offered the Shantun- gese salt makers a compromise. To-day there are none of its revenue more sure than those it derives from Shantung.”’ Note that the British official responsible for this crime against the Chinese people is described as “* big-hearted, bluff individual characteristic of the genius of his countrymen in dealing with the Oriental.” In no place in Mr. Hall’s book does he produce any

Page 87

_ January, 1925 satisfactory or conclusive evidence that the Japanese mistreated the natives of Shantung, nothing that compares in sheer brutality and horror with blowing a town off the map because its inhabitants refused to surrender the rights of tax-emption conceded to them five centuries ago. Mr. Hall tells us their story. ‘Far back in Chinese history,” he says, “‘ the throne got posses- sion of the salt industry as its principal source of revenue. These men became in a sense the business assistants of the emperor, who levied a tariff on their output. About the time Columbus discovered America, a minister of state who had risen from poverty in Shantung through the civil service saved the career of a Ming emperor. Asked what he would have as a reward, he requested tariff immunity on the output of the Shantung salt-makers, so that the people of his native province might have cheap salt. This arrangement con- tinued through the Ming dynasty and was respected by the alien Manchu dynasty which followed. Then came Yuan Shih-kai and his foreign loan, secured upon the imperial salt revenue. As a result, forei gners—largely Britons—were put in charge of the re- venue collections. These men had no respect for the old Ming emperors concessions. They were determined to enforce the impost equally upon all salt- producing regions.’ they blew a Chinese And to do this, according to Mr. Hall, city off the map! As we transcribe the above story, our eyes wander to an illustra- tion in the Mid-Week Pic- torial of the New York Times of November 13, and rest on a ceremonious farce in whicha hewigged judge is supervising the counting of six horse shoes in a London court, legal ten- der for rents of crown lands within the city which has been paid in this manner for 700

THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW — 3 edly, in return for some favor to the king by the lessee of the lands. British justice recognizes the validity of this concession after all these centuries even at a great loss to the revenues of the city of London. Is it possible that this same broad sense of justice and honor as interpreted by a “bluff, big-hearted”’ British collector of the Chinese salt revenues, would take the form of blowing a Chinese port to pieces for insisting on the validity of a similar right ? Mr. Hall wrote his book to make out a case against Japan. Instead, he places the British community, the consortium and the salt-gabelle in a most embarrassing position. If his story of the salt rebellion is true, a grave injustice has been done to the Shantung salt-makers and justice demands that immediate amends be made by a restoration of their ancient privileges. The salt surplus is more than sufficient for the service of the reorganization loan and the remission of the Shantung taxes will not affect the value of the security. Is his story false? Then it is squarely up to the head of the salt-gabelle publicly to denounce it. It is equally incumbent upon the group leaders of the old consortium to clear themselves of any participation in such an outrage. It is just such incidents which have undermined foreign in- fluence and pre- stige in China, consolidated the opposition of the Chinese peo- ple to any fur- ther foreign loan secured on revenues col- lected § under foreign superiv- sion and pro- vided _ leaders like Dr. Sun Yat-sen with the only plat- form that will unite the coun- try under one leadership. We leave Mr. Josef Hall to the ten- der mercies of our British col- leagues and pass on to another vearai "The close-up picture Kino’ : of the same <ing’s remem- ; eriod brancer.” it is WHERE A HORSESHOE Is LEG AL TENDER: THE KING’S REMEMBRANCER. Pp . ee = Sir T. Willes Chitty Supervises the Counting of Six Horseshoes in the Law Courts in London, Rent for called, suppos- Grants of Crown Lands in the City Which Has Been Paid in this Manner for 700 Years. G. B. R.

Spilling the Siberian Beans Another Close-up Reel of the Great Japanese-American War Drama in which the Author and Hero gives to the World an Intimate Picture of the Anti-Japanese Movement in the Siberian Campaiga ‘Siberia’s Untouched Treasure ” by C. G. Fairfax Channing, D.S.C., Military Cross, ete. Published by G. P. Putnam’s Sons T the height of the anti-Japanese campaign of five vears the Far East swarmed with American army officers and soldiers who had seen service in Siberia. The stories they told about the conduct of the Japanese troops and the cruelties practiced by them on their Bolshevist prisoners were seized upon and magnified by the war-mongers in order to further incite American hatred against Japan. We recall one of these stories which went the rounds until it became a classic. The story con- cerned the beheading of five Bolshevist prisoners by a Japanese ago Lf) army officer and the bayonetting of the bodies after decapitation. We heard this story from several different sources and when passing through Tsingtao in 1921, told it to Dr. Akiyama, the Japanese civil administrator at that port. Dr. Akiyama is one of Japan’s foremost jurists and authorities on international law, the author of the military code which now governs her army. He was amazed, dumbfounded and indignant that such a story should be circulated. He requested the exact information that would identify the place, and bs troops concerned in the execution, and said that if these were placed in his possession he would resign his post at Tsingtao,

Page 88

4 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW {proceed to Tokyo and Siberia and not rest until the honor and good Mame of the Japanese army had been vindicated by the punishment ‘of the guilty parties. It was impossible, however, to obtain the exact information at that time from those responsible for the eireulation of the story. ; The facts are now revealed in another new book, entitled *Siberia’s Untouched Treasure” by C. G. Fairfax Channing, published by G. P. Putnam’s Sons. Channing was an American ‘army officer, who has evidently “spilled the beans ”’ about the Siberian campaign. He describes the execution of these five Bolshevists prisoners and arraigns the Japanese nation as barbarous, ‘vicious and uncivilized for the actions of one Japanese officer who played the part of executioner. His book is filled with the accounts and illustrations of Bolshevists atrocities and bears testimony to ‘how hard it is to keep from beating them to death when captured. — | To give way to such impulses is barbarous, but he thinks it is ‘quite jolly and sportsmanlike to conceal one’s bloodthirsty instincts behind the “ ley de fuga.” “‘ There is hardly a soldier in the ranks,’’ Channing says, ‘“‘ who ‘does not want to do away at once with an enemy he knows has killed one of his friends. To that soldier the sweetest words you can say are: ‘Take this prisoner to gather some wood. If he attempts to escape, shoot him.’ Soon off in the distance a shot will be heard— perhaps two—nothing more.’ Then about dusk the soldier guardian of the prisoner will walk up, salute and report, ‘Sir, that prisoner tried to escape.’ That is all. Feigning sleep while the prisoner worked, the sentry waited for his quarry to turn and bolt. That is allhe wants. The rest is play and fun and is entirely within his righis and those of humanity, and is covered by international law.” (The _ italies are ours.—Ed.) Lieutenant Channing admits that the Bolshevists did the same with every Japanese they captured and the Japanese only retaliated by meting out similar treatment when the Bolshevists fell into their hands. Now it is just possible that the American soldiers in Siberia would have showered kindness upon their Bolshevist prisoners if the latter had coldly tortured and put to death every American prisoner taken by them. Again, it is just possible they would not. At any rate, it is difficult for us to draw a mental picture of such - generosity, notwithstanding that we returned good for evil in the handling of German prisoners during the great war. Conditions were somewhat different in Siberia. The Japanese soldiers may “€ have looked upon their dead ” as others before them have done, and with the same result. It is difficult to indict a nation for the acts of some of its soldiers sorely provoked by an unscrupulous enemy. It is still more difficult in the case of Japan to wipe out the wonderful record for chivalry established by its army in the Boxer troubles-.and in the war with Russia by accusing it of barbarity in a conflict where honor was conspicuous by its absence in the Red -forces of Bolshevism. _ We are noticing Mr. Channing’s book at length as it is the first story by an American giving the inside facts about a campaign in which the American army was employed against the advice and wishes of President Wilson’s highest military advisers. The book is replete with first hand testimony revealing the mental attitude of the average American soldier towards the Japanese. It is filled with glaring and unpardonable inconsistencies which help us to understand something of the mob psychology of an element whose stories were accepted by the people at home as international wisdom of a high order. There is.a special reason for inviting attention to this book at - this time. In the early part of last month, three Americans, one of them an attaché of the embassy in Tokyo, were traveling on the night express from Tokyo to Kyoto, After dinner in the dining car they proceeded to match dollars to see who would pay for the oa were told by the train attendants that gambling was not amet Whether they understood or not is beside the question, ‘but at the next station they were unceremoniously bundled off the train with their baggage by the local police and kept in custody for several hours before being permitted to proceed on their journey. _ Naturally, these young gentlemen were highly indignant and as the story became known to the public, all foreigners in Japan and throughout the Far East sympathized with them. January, 1925 Now the Japanese are avid readers of all new foreign books about their country. Mr. Channing’s book devotes at least half of its pages to Japan and the Japanese army in Siberia. It arrived in Japan some time in October. Imagine the feelings of the Japanese reader when he comes to this passage on page 102-103 : ‘““ While many of the Japanese are very shrewd there are many whom the traveler encounters, entirely the contrary. On the trip from Shimonoseki to Kioto on the little toy-lke railroad train, an American officer and I happened by accident to get into the private compartment of some royal dignitary, a prince as I remem- ber ; and as the coaches were rapidly filling we closed the door and prepared ourselves for a very enjoyable journey through the terraced farm country of the island. After a few miles a young-looking train attendant discovered our presence in his highness’ coupé and began a rapid but meek series of expostulations which, although it all went over our heads, we understood to mean: *** You must not ride here, please, because this is only for my, or rather his highness, the ‘ so-and-so-of-such-and-such.” I hap- pened to have bought a Japanese dictionary of self-instruction and conversation with the expressions needed by the traveler, and being reluctant to give up our illegal possession of his highness ’ comfortable cushions I took it out and began asking him funny questions from its pages while my partner in the crime began to give him choice cigarettes and spearmint gum to chew. This gave me time to look up the next remark to spring. I asking him, ‘ Are your ears cold?’ ‘Press the button and drinking water comes from the pipe.’ ‘Is your wife in America now?’ At these he laughed and closed the door lest the train conductor see him hob- nobbing with us on forbidden ground. After a few moments he gave us up as rocks and left us to our comfort. Luckily, at the next station we reached out of the window and bought some fruit and some of the tasteless Japanese candy ; for as soon as the train started again in walked the conductor and the boy together. We said to each other: ‘Lay on McDuff,’ and started the same tactics again, with similar success. Not, however, before we had led them into an undignified game in which the four of us sat on one side of the compartment and snapped orange pits across at a picture of the Mikado on the opposite wali. We let the zealous little fellows excel us in this strange marksmanship. Finally we were given up by the two natives as immovable, and they surrendered the compartment to us. Later in the day two other sight-seeing Americans— secre- taries at the embassy in Tokio—boarded the train and spying us in the ultra-first-class coupé asked laughingly: ‘How low must we bow before entering here?” We assured them that we had joined the crowned family only for the trip and that we had left all our bodyguard behind so that it was safe for them to come in. We finished the trip with a card game and tiffin in the dining-car at which I, not relishing the rice a la nicotine, partook of several pieces of fruit from the heaping bow] ; at which the attendant threw up his hands in horror and, counting the tangerine peelings, charged me five sen (two and one-half cents) for every piece of fruit over one that I had taken.”’ “ At every station the entire populace bowed to the royal coat of arms on the side of our car ; and then when they saw our American faces appear at the windows instead of their prince they fell back in disappointment.” Had this happened in any other country but Japan the gay young army officer and his companions would have been ejected bodily from the car, yet Lt. Channing seizes on this character- istic exhibition of Japanese courtesy as an opportunity to lampoon and insult them. Now the Japanese may not all understand Eng- lish, but they are not fools. That Mr. Channing and his friends were permitted to outrage all their finer sensibilities, insult their emperor and get away with it, was due solely to the fact that they were American army officers. Even the Chinese would never have stood for this flagrant abuse of traffic regulations and insult to their rulers. The Japanese had just about finished reading this book and given the necessary instructions to their railway police when the young man from the American. embassy and his friends started their dollar matching game on the Tokyo-Kyoto express. They have no kick coming to them. The wonder is that they were not punished to the full extent of Japanese law. That they were liberated as soon as their identity became known is one more proof of Japanese courtesy and friendliness towards the people of the United States.

Page 89

January, 1925 The British Boxer Indemnity The federation of British industries has once more invited the attention of the secretary of state for foreign affairs to the need for industrial representation on the committee appointed to consider the objects to be financed out of the Boxer indemnity payments. The letter, which is signed by Sir Eric Geddes, president of the federation after, directing attention to previous corres- pondence regatding the constitution of the committee, continues as follows :— “T need hardly say that the federation were keenly disap- pointed at the decision reached by Mr. J. Ramsay MacDonald that industrial interests should not be represented on this committee, more particularly in view of the definite assurance previously made by the Marquis Curzon of Kedleston in his letter to the federa- tion of 16th May, 1923. “The federation feel most strongly that the question of the application of these funds is directly of the greatest importance to industry in this country, and they cannot help feeling that the committee provided for in the China indemnity bil], as amended by the late government, is not sufficiently representative of all the important interests involved to give adequate and impartial consideration to the various schemes which will doubtless be put forward for the allocation of these funds. Moreover, there exists, in the opinion of the federation, a serious danger that a committee including two representatives of education without the presence of representatives of other important interests would tend to pre- judice the important questions of principle involved in the aJlocation of the funds. “The federation attach the greatest importance to the desir- ability of the committee being able to give the fullest consideration to all suggestions which may he put forward, whether educational or otherwise, and they maintain that such consideration cannot be given except by a committee on which industry and commerce are adequately represented. “T sincerely trust, therefore, that you will see your way to reconsider the decision reached by your predecessor, and will make the necessary provision for the representation of industrial interests on the committee, in accordance with the original inten- tion indicated in the Marquis Curzon’s letter.”’ * 5 % A “Dawes Plan” for China Another Blunder E: was a foregone conclusion that the proposal of a “Dawes Plan ” for straightening out the finances of China would be rejected by the Chinese government and meet with the disapproval of the con- sortium. As soon asa government comes into power which holds out some promise of stability and some prospect of paying its obliga- tions there will be no difficulty in devising a practical plan to place China on a satisfactory financial basis. The situation was summed up tritely two years ago by one of the group leaders in the following words: “If the Chinese would only stand still long enough, we might find as security that would justify us in lending them some money, but just as soon as we have a plan all figured out and are ready to slip a few millions into their pockets, a new crowd edges its way in between and with hands outstretched demand that the coin be paid over to them.” This situation has not changed. It is chronic. There is nothing therefore to get excited about and a committee of business men would only make a bad matter ten times worse. The proposal which has received so much pub- licity loses sight of the following facts. At the Paris peace conference, a new financial consortium was created for the purpose of assisting China to get on her feet. With the exception of the American delegates, the representatives of the other groups were experts in Chinese finance, contributing their store of accumulated knowledge to the American chairman in order that the new venture might work out for the benefit of all concerned. Conditions in China were chaotic. There was no government worthy the name. Every available and conceivable source of revenue had been hypothecated. China was bankrupt. As most of the bonds would have to be floated on the American market, the chairman of the consortium after careful consideration, selected the best bond lawyer in the United States to represent THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW | og 7 ee the group in Peking. He was instructed to make an exhaustive survey of conditions in co-operation with the other group represent- atives and in the event any honorable way could be found to lend money to China, to devise an iron-clad bond that could be soid to the American investor. This gentleman, Mr. Frederick Stevens, duly arrived in Peking, where it did not take long to ascertain that a Chinese loan could not be offered to the investing public without committing a crime that would have permanently caine” d fhe stand- ing of the issueing banks and landed the group leaders ina federal jail. Mr. Stevens, therefore, sat tight, waiting for a turn of the political wheel which might have provided an opening for the con- sortium to discharge its functions. All this time he was besieged by interested parties with inpossible loan schemes, until it became necessary for him to practically withdraw from the social life of the capital in order to escape their importunities. When these loan promotors finally understood they could not influence this un- compromising guardiam of the national honor, they resorted to innuendo and billingsgate in order to discredit him. Americans had loaned money to China without security and for no particular pu . American merchants had sold millions of dollars worth of materials to the Chinese government and could not collect. Some of these men, not all, faced serious financial difficulties as a result of China’s lapse from honesty. In the main, they were willing to endorse any plan that would transfer this load to the pockets of the investor, forgetting that the nationals of other countries represented in the consortium were equally entitled to some sort of settlement of their just claims against the Chinese government. Faithful to his trust and loyal to his collea- gues in the other groups, Mr. Stevens rejected all loan proposals pending unification of the country and the reorganization of China’s finances under guarantees that all outstanding indebtedness would be taken care of. A campaign was then started to eliminate him and hand over the American leadership in Chima to others. Other foreign commericial communities in China accept the heads of their respective financial groups as their leaders in all matters connected with finance. Americans alone refused to accept such leadership. Greater than Mr. Frederick Stevens, greater than J. P. Morgan & Company and the thirty-seven banks in the American group, greater even than the state department who created this instrument to carry out its policies in China, stood a little group determined to run things their own way. [If J. P. Morgan & Company and the group refused to accept its leadership “‘ pressure must be brought to bear to compel them to modify their viewpoint.” American financiers were publicly advised to ignore the consortium and enter into independent negotia- tions with the Peking government. The self-imposed leaders of American interests in China determined to ignore the usual channels of communicating with the state department by going over the heads of the legation and consulates and appealing direct to con- gress and the public. Something happened about that time. For nearly a year there has been no further attempt to dictate the Far Eastern policy of the American’ government from the outside until the success of the Dawes plan for financing Germany provided an opening for advocating the application of a similar remedy to China. It is immaterial who originated this idea. It is only seis to point out that after using all the strength of its diplomacy an the financial power of the nation to create the consortium, the state department could not with honor or propriety make it lose face by requesting a body of business men to draw up a plan for it to work to, especially at the very time when its experts were actively engaged on the same task. For over a year the consortium has been conducting a most careful survey of China’s indebtedness and her general financial and political condition on order to be prepared to carry out the object of its existence as soon as conditions are favorable. This report is nearly completed and will be in the hands of the group bankers within the month. It is entirely natural that China’s American creditors should make every legitimate effort to have their claims settled. They have carried the load a long time with little prospect of being re- lieved. So have the nationals of ther countries whose legitimate claims against the Chinese government have also ‘been ignored and in some cases repudiated. The consortium was called into being by the American government for just such a situation. It cannot set aside this instrument without destroying its own prestige not only in China but with its three ers. In suggesting a scheme that relegates the consortium to a back seat, somebody blundered.

Page 90

6 : THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW January, 1925 The Root of all the Trouble THE ORIGINAL PEI YANG ARMY CHIEFS. PHOT = GRAPH TAKEN IN 1907 Sere! Front Row, from left to right: Colonel Yen Tun-yuan; Colonel Chao Chung-san; Tieh Liang, War Minister (only photo of the War Minister in Foreign Uniform); Yuan Shih-kai, Commander-in-Chief; General Feng Kuo-chang; General ang. Middle, from left to right: Surgeon-General Hsu Hua-ching, Director of Peiyang Army Medical College; Paymaster-General Lu, Director of Peiyang Treasury; General FengYu-mun; Colonel Lo Lang-tsai; General Tien Tsung-yu; General Hsu Kou-chung; General Sha Sin- yu; General Tuan Chih-kuei; General Tuan Chi-jiu; Colonel Chun Hsu-feng: General Ma Ling-piao. Back, from left to right: Pan Ching-san; Colonel Yun Yu-tsun; Brigadier-General Chang Huai-chih =_4 HINESE politics can concern the foreigner only from sae two standpoints : first, in this period of the aftermath of the European war, it is unfortunate that the inter- national relations of the whole world are further com- plicated by the altogether unwarranted disorders in China ; secondly, because the disorders here result in a stoppage of the modernization of the means of production and distribution of commodities, which means that trade relations and financial co-operation on a large scale between China and the in- dustrial nations are impeded. In both instances, more harm is done to China than to the foreign nations. For, when the officials of China conduct them- selves like so many children in a gang fight, the rest of the world at first looks on somewhat amused and afterwards turns away in isgust. No one can afford the time or expense of helping to bring order to China. The great powers are too concerned with more vital questions to give this secondary problem any considera- tion. As for the stoppage of development enterprises, which has resulted in the boycotting of China by the financial markets of the world, big business naturally suffers a certain loss, but China suffers more, for her credit is impaired, her good name as a customer is lost, the possibilities for the future are not bright. At this moment China could not borrow a dollar even for a first-class proposition on any market without an intermediary such as the consortium guaranteeing the account, which is disgraceful for a nation of the size and wealth of this country. When the Chinese government defaulted on the payments of accounts for supplies for such commodi-. ties as locomotives, cars, steel, lumber, candles and kerosene oil, she cut herself off from the great commercial centres of the world. And until China pays these debts, not out of additional loans, but from her enormous revenue, which is now being frittered away in civil wars and corruption, there is little hope of any of her natural resources being developed as they should. The question often arises, What is the cause of China’s troubles ? What should China be in this condition? Why cannot China have the standing in the world equal to such small countries as Rumania and Latvia ? To these questions there can only be one answer : When Yuan Shih-kai organized the model army of China on the Machang training camp he bequeathed to China a monster which has consumed the wealth of the country, brought famine and disorder, killed millions of human beings, destroyed crops and villages and made the land a prey to every selfish and predatory interest. China to-day suffers from militarism, not the form of militarism which was so bitterly denounced during the war, not militarism which seeks national aggrandisement, the enlargement of frontiers, the seizure of the colonies of other nations. But militarism which attacks its own country, which makes its own people suffer, which brings within its own boundaries a veritable reign of terror. This is the curse of China’s army. A conservative estimate of the size of China’s army is one million men. To this must be added approximately one million armed ‘bandits scattered throughout the country. These two groups are really of the same personnel, because bandits are usually defeated soldiers, while soldiers are usually former bandits in regular employ- ment. These two million men work under commanders whom they trust and who arrange for their employment. The commanders are usually men like themselves, graduates of the bandit camps, often from the provinces of Chihli and Shantung.. These commanders make arrangements for employment with a scholarly type of soldier known as the division commander, tuchun or tupan, that is, the

Page 91

January, 1925 soldier-politician who holds territory. The soldier-politician holds his territory by virtue of the support given him by these fighting mercenaries whom he must clothe and feed and whose chief must be given a opportunity for self-enrichment by being placed in a position where he can either “‘ squeeze ” the people or make a profit by the large but illegal trade in opium. When the fighters lose confidence in their soldier-politician, they sell out either to his enemy or to a subordinate in whom they have greater confidence. In the case, for example, of Wu Pei-fu, they sold out to his enemy. In the case of Chi Hsieh-yuan, they sold out to a subordinate. It will be seen from this brief sketch of the military organiza- tion of China that no principle is involved in all this fighting: it is simply a matter of mercenaries preferring soldiering to banditry and seeking for a master who can supply clothes, food, quarters and the tools of their trade, arms and munitions. As long as a soldier- politician divides with his commanders, they fight for him and bring him revenue. When his exactions become so great that the people rise against him, they desert him, since his capacity to provide him with necessities has ceased. that he cannot succeed, they desert him because his poor judgement gets them no profit. Should his conscience be superfine, they desert him because they regard his foolish scruples are harmful to their interests. If the history of republican China is judged from this standpoint, it will be found that every political and military event fits clearly into the picture. The originator of this system of soldier-banditry was Yuan Shih-kai, often extolled by foreigners as a great and strong man, but in the light of history, as harmful and miserable a creature as ever any country produced. During the Taiping rebellion, it became necessary for China to organize a force capable of putting down the disorders. One force was organized in the Yangtze valley under the leadership of the Viceroy Tseng Kuo-fang, who preferred rich and scholarly men, fine looking young fellows of good families, who could not fight but who talked heroically. In the north, an army was organized under Li Hung-chang, who took farmers and bandits and the riff-raff of the north, hard, husky individuals, capable of learning the game of war and keen for power. This northern group eventually became the Peiyang army, the model army of China, under the leadership of Yuan Shih-kai. A short history of this army was recently given in the North- China Daily News in an article by George E. Sokolsky, a corres- pondent who specializes in such matters : ‘‘When Yuan Shih-kai was creating a model army he was as- sisted in his efforts by Feng Kuo-chang, Wang Shih-tsen and Tuan Chi-jui. And when some years later he was forced to retire to Honan after the death of the empress-dowager, Tszu Hsi, and the Emperor Kuang Hsii, his model army was nominally under an appointee of the throne, but it was actually commanded by Feng Kuo-chang and Tuan Chi-jui. “Yuan Shih-kai was recalled in 1911 to save the tottering Man- chu dynasty. He was re-appointed by imperial decree to assume the position of commander-in-chief of the model army, then known as the Peiyang army. At this time Feng Kuo-chang was engaged in suppressing the revolution at Hankow, while Tuan Chi-jui was in command of the troops in Peking and its vicinity. “When the revolution had begun to show its teeth, Yuan Shih- kai obtained the assistance of Tuan Chi-jui in calling upon the Manchus to abdicate, and simultaneously ordered Feng Kuo-chang to prevent the rebels from advancing. At the same time, it is known that Yuan did not wish Feng Kuo-chang to gain a decisive victory over the revolutionists as it was his plan to impress the Man- chus with his difficulties in overcoming the forces under Hung Hsin and Li Yuan-hung. ‘‘ The Manchus were forced to abdicate and, after a threat of invasion of the Yangtze by Yuan Shih-kai, the revolutionary govern- ment at Nanking abdicated in as graceful a manner as possible. This gave Yuan Shih-kai control of the situation and he was formally elected provisional president of the republic of China. Yuan Shih-kai had been out of touch with the officers and troops of the model army which had become accustomed to taking its orders from Tuan Chi-jui and Feng Kuo-chang. To prevent these two from combining against him, Yuan Shih-kai set about stirring up dissensions between them. Tuan Chi-jui was made minister of war in Peking, while Feng Kuo-chang was given the less important office of tutwh of Chihli. “Tt was not long before these two military leaders were quar- relling, but unfortunately for Yuan Shih-kai neither Tuan nor Feng Should his political program be such THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW 7 trusted him and their differences became a three-cornered fight. Yuan Shih-kai used mercenaries such as Lu Yung-ting, Chang Hsun, Lung Chi-kuang and Hsu Pao-sban to strengthen his position. He sought to reorganize the model army so that it might become his organization. Tuan Chi-jui, at the same time, was bending every effort to have the original Peiyang army maintained as a national — organization—as an indivisible unit. Feng Kuo-chang was doing his utmost to take as much of the Peiyang army as possible away from Tuan Chi-jui, so that it might become his personal army to be used as he thought fit. : “In 1913 Feng Kuo-chang took advantage of the second re- volution to come south and, after its suppression, he became tutuh of Kiangsu, the strategic point for any militarist in China. He at once began to extend his influence, his subordinates being appointed to important positions in the various provinces along the Yangtze. His military faction came to be known as the Chihl. party because he was a native of Chihli. Tuan’s faction came to be known as the Anhui party. ‘* After the death of Yuan Shih-kai, Li Yuan-hung, who was considered an outsider by the Peiyang militarists, became president. Although the constitution provided that the vice-president was to succeed the president under certain circumstances, military men regarded such succession as accidental when it interfered with the normal seniority within their own ranks. Li Yuan-hung was never permitted to gain contro! over any part of the Peiyang party. He became dependent upon the two chiefs, Feng Kuo-chang and Tuan Chi-jui. Since neither of them liked him, he failed as president and was finally ousted from office during the Chang Hsun coup déiat. “‘ During the coup Tuan Chi-jui was at Tientsm. He was per- suaded by his subordinates to take command of the forces opposing Chang Hsun. He gained the credit of restoring the republic. After capturning Peking, Tuan Chi-jui found himself in an awkward position. Feng Kuo-chang, vice-president and his personal enemy, was at Nanking in command of the Yangtze, while he was in Peking without any authority to act. As premier, he was compelled to make whatever appointments Feng Kuo-chang required before the latter would come to Peking to assume the presidency. These appointments left Feng Kuo-chang in complete command of the Yangtze. ** Matters would perhaps have run smoothly, had it not been that the south again rebelled. This time, Tuan Chi-jui decided that the revolutionary element in the south had to be suppressed and the country unified by force. Feng Kuo-chang allowed him to send expeditions into Hunan and elsewhere, lending him some of his own troops for the purpose. But Feng Kuo-chang was treacherous, giving secret instructions to his own troops not to fight the souther- ners, thus placing Tuan in an impossible position. Tuan Chi-jui’s followers now decided that the only thing to do was to wait for the expiration of Feng Kuo-chang’s term as president. Large sums were raised to elect a president whom they could control. An illegal parliament was arranged, which made Hsu Hsih-chang president of China. This is known as the Anfu parliament. “Tuan’s followers soon found that Hsu Hsih-chang was not to and be trusted, that his policy was to keep himself in power by in- trigue and unscrupulous politics. He played the Chihli and Anfu parties against each other. ‘“* Wu Pei-fu now comes into the picture as the protagonist of the Chihli party against the Anfu leaders and his nominal ally is Chang Tso-lin. Tuan’s Chi-jui’s armies were defeated (1920) and he retired to private life. Chang Tso-lin did everything possible to control Peking and its government, to lessen the influence of Wu Pei-fu, the rising star on the horizon. Hsu Hsih-chang then began to play off Chang Tso-lin against Wu Pei-fu, his policy leading to another war and the defeat of Chang Tso-lin who retired beyond the wall.” Since 1920, it has been the same old story. Members of the old Peiyang party fight each other to retain the positions they hold, while others fight them to get them out of their jobs. Hsu Hsih- chang ceased to be president and Li Yuan-hung was again given that post by the military men. Feng Yu-hsiang drove Li out and Tsao Kun was placed in office, only to be made a prisoner by Feng Yu-hsiang and Tuan Chi-jui. And so it goes! _ Meanwhile, China is the sufferer and the foreigners living in China witness the unending ugly spectacle of the masses of the people trying their utmost to keep the country in a healthy condition, while their governors, all soldiers, all military men, are destroying what they build, are eating up what they produce, in these wars for jobs.

Page 92

8 ‘THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW January, 1925 Is China Turning Red? > OREIGNERS in China have found cause for considerable f worriment over the prospects of China becoming a bolshevik state. The relations between Dr. Sun Yat-sen and General Feng Yu-hsiang with Mr. Karakhan, the Soviet ambassador, have been widely advertised and have led to a supposition that these leaders together with all the Chinese who are associated with them or who follow them, are convinced bolsheviks and that once in power, they will adopt a bolshevik economic and social program. _ Le Matin particularly lost its temper on the subject, the news agencies carrying a telegraphic item from that newspaper which received a very wide circulation in China : The “‘Le Matin” Telegram “PARIS, December 23 (Kokusai)—Le Matin foreshadows the proclamation of a Soviet republic in South China by Dr. Sun Yat-sen. ‘““The paper declares that the new Soviet, when established, _ will be essentially nationalist, and emphasizes the value of French expert opinion to the effect that, in spite of the suggestions from America, the powers must show a solid front in China. ** Le Matin declares that it will not be reasonable to permit an increase of the customs for the benefit of a government which does not meet its obligations, and will, if it has a full treasury, be able to subsidize the Chinese bolshevists and enable them to extend their power all over China. ** Le Matin further asserts that the attitude of Japan will be the deciding factor. * According to the French experts’ opinion, says Le Matin, the Powers must show towards the Chinese disturbances a common front and great firmness. This policy, it adds, is contrary to the suggestions that emanate from America. “Further events in China will depend on Japan’s decision, adds the paper.”’ The Hongkong press, impressed by the unfortunate situation in Canton, has been foretelling the probability of the establishment of a Soviet state in China for some time’ To Hongkong, Dr. Sun is usually anathema, whether he is on friendly terms with Russia or with no one and the possibility of attacking him presents itself to the Hongkong editorial writers as a joyous occasion, although they sometimes forget that much of Dr. Sun’s popularity among the Chinese has been due to the antagonism toward him of the foreigners in China, the Chinese regarding unfavorable foreign com- ment as a proof that he is defending his country against predatory foreigners who have only ulterior motives with regard to their country. Bolshevism Not Possible in China Bolshevism is a phase of socialism which has to do with certain economic and social theories developed in Russia. The basis of bolshevism is the Marxian doctrine of the class struggle between capital, labor and the peasant. The strength of bolshevism lies in its insistence that the laboring class shall control the means of production and distribution and shall establish a governmental control over everything in the country with a view towerd protect- ing one class of the population, labor. It makes certain conces- sions toward the peasants, but none toward capital. It premises its whole doctrine upon the existence of a highly organized indus- trial state in which capital and labor are in constant conflict for the returns on production. It ignores the middle class, which is - not a participant in such struggles, and usually terms such men the tocis of the capitalist class. _ Such a state as outlined above does not exist in China. is an agricultural country, more than eighty per cent. of the popula- tion being actually engaged in farming and similar industries. The labor population is only slightly industrialized, according to _ the modern economic sense of the term. The remainder still labors under the medieval handicraft system under which craftsmen, _ journeymen and apprentices have almost a family relationship. _ Except im the large cities, particularly the treaty ports where foreign China . enterprise has brought in the modern factory and mill, there are no modernized industries and there is no class struggle. Every apprentice expects that in due course, he will become the owner of a shop in which the goods he has learned to make, will be made and sold. Every owner of such a shop expects that his apprentices will eventually leave him to start out for themselves. The system is primitive, simple and similar to that which existed in Europe before the 18th century. Such a system can in no way be utilized for the establishment of a bolshevik state. Russia’s Part The Russians apparently understand that. For their activities have been centred, not on the laborers, but on the student class. They have appealed to the intelligent, articulate elements, not to participate in a class struggle, but to join Russia and China in a nationalistic, highly patriotic contest with the Anglo-Saxon internationa! financiers, who, according to their theories, are trying tc dominate the world and to subject all non-Anglo-Saxon peoples to their will. This argument has met with a certain success because there is always in China a very noisy element which is opposed to the presence of the foreigner in the country and which is jealous of the enormous success of the Anglo-Saxon, particularly the British, in the development of trade and industry. This element has unfortunately been supported by certain university professors who have been chagrined to see their own schools closed because of civil war and the ineptitude of China’s officialdom while the American and British supported universities and schools have been open and full and have attracted the best elements among the students. These professors have started a movement to force such mission schools to become part of the governmental educational system of the country which would force them into the unfortunate politics of China and which incidentally would give China’s educationalist-politicians a hold over them. This movement is not bolshevist: it is anti-foreign. But it is not as anti-foreign as it is a selfish attempt to utilize the enormous resources of the mission schools for educational politics in China and to force the foreigner to turn over the best educational institu- tions to men who have failed to keep their own schools open and efficient during the period of civil war. The movement is unfor- tunate, but inevitable under conditions as they areand nothing will avail of mistaking and misunderstanding it to satisfy a European propaganda with regard to bolshevism. Dr. Sun’s associations with Mr. Karakhan is purely political and opportunistic. Dr. Sun has always maintained that he haa the right to accept whatever assistance comes to him from whatever source in his efforts to carry out his ideals in China. He has at times accepted assistance from Japanese and from Frenchmen. He has heen aided by Chinese born in the United States and in British colonies. He has taken refuge in Japan, Britain, the United States, Annam and other places. His present association with Russia, as reported, cannot mean that he will sell China to Russia any more than he has sold China to other countries. He is not that kind of a man. We must then ignore the general cry of bolshevism. We must rather study the trend of opinion which makes the general anti-foreign movement so important and so sinister to foreigners living in China and to foreign businesses which have interests in China. The initial error which led to the damaging of the prestige of the foreigners in China was the expulsion of the Germans in this country after the armistice. The Germans were a highly respected people in China and their physical might was duly impressive. Their collapse and the picture the Chinese saw of Europeans being herded like cattle and driven from their country had altogether a different result from that intended. !t gave them to believe that all Eur- opeans might some day be dealt with in that manner. It caused them to assume that if such an end might come to Germany, it might come to any European nation. It is known that some of the keenest British and American minds in China, men of prescience and foresight were opposed to such an act. But they were outvoted in the general cry for action against the Germans.

Page 93

January, 1925 THE FAR EASTERN REVIE 9 - And the Chinese theory that the same might be done to other Europeans soon found proof in the fall of Russia. Thousands and thousands of Russian refugees wandered about China begging food. Unfortunate Russian women sold their bodies and souls to wealthy Chinese to keep from starvation. Russia’s treaty rights in China were annulled, as were the rights of Germany and Austria-Hungary. In a word, the mighty Bear was no longer mighty, but a beggar. Another European monster had been slain, according to the Chinese view. Of the western powers, only two remained important in China, Great Britain and the United States. France and Italy trailed along; trouble-makers for China and for their allies. Japan was the one Eastern power with which China had to deal. Then came the anti-Japanese boycott in 1919, a movement which was regarded with favor by most of the Americans in China and. by large numbers of Britons. This movement gave an impetus to Sino-American friendship of the sort which fiower-girls offer at midnight. In the course of that movement the Chinese found that by hampering trade, by embarrassing individual firms, by propa- ganda abroad and noise at home, they could bring about certain political results favorable to themselves. Having learned that lesson they turned their weapons on those whoforged them. They turned on their teachers. They asserted that they would break all treaties, denounce the rights of all foreigners, destroy the funda- mental relationships between Chinese and the European nations and do unto the Anglo-Saxons as they did unto the Russians and the Germans. The Soviet saw vaine for themselves in such talk and encouraged it. If this is bolshevism, then there is a bolshevik movement in China. If this is an anti-foreign movement and only that, it is much more sinister in its aims and ideals and is worthy of the most careful consideration by the foreign powers. One of the Chinese who is reputed to be a bolshevst recently published a statement in La Revue Bleue on bolshevism in China. Tsai Yuen-pei is chancellor of the Peking national university and has been minister of education in China. He is a keen mind and exercises an enormous influence over the youth of the country. His statement is here partly reproduced because of its inherent importance and because of the significance of the man: Dr. Teai’s Opinion Confucius says: “‘ if the people of other lands are unwilling to become subject to you, improve your culture, perfect your institutions, and thus win their hearts and judgment.’’ Mai Tzu, a philosopher of the age of Confucius, taught that while it is well to have a strong army to defend the country, it is criminal to pursue imperialist policies, and compared nations that did so to hordes of common brigands. In the seventh century B.c. a whole philosophical school sprang up to propagate the doctrine of anti- aggression. Mencius says that ** whatever boasts of his skill as a soldier isa criminal and those who excel in war ought to be put to death.” ‘“‘ These pacifists and anti-militarist doctrines have never lost their hold upon Chinese thought. Since that time our writers and poets have always depicted war as horrible and have sung the blessings of peace. ** Let us next consider communism and relatiens between classes. Anta- gonism between capital and labor is one of the most serious problems of our epoch. The Russian revolution sent a thrill of fear through the entire world. Some people think that China will follow in the footsteps of the bolsheviks. Let me hasten to say that a ‘terror,’ whether it be red, white or any other color, has little chance of finding favor among the Chinese. We did, at one time, have a Communism of a much pleasanter kind in China. Acecordi to the philosopher Mencius and later which one was cultivated directly for the profit of the government and the eight others distributed to eight families or clans. Each family tilled its own land, and all joined together to till the land belonging to the state. When a citizen became 20 years old he received a holding, which he returned to the government when he reached the age of 60. Those below the age of 20 and above the age of 60 were supported by the state. Efforts were made to restore this system in the first, fifth and eleventh centuries a.D., but without success; yet even to-day it has many partisans, especially among the educated classes. ‘“* There is a very old adage in China which says: ‘If a man does not labor, one person goes hungry ; if a woman does not spin, one person goes cold.’ To work is the duty of every citizen. In the fourth century B.c. - we had an odd phlosopher in China—he might be called a labor radical— named Hsun Tzu, who taught that the monarch himself ought to cultivate the land in the same way as his subjects. in order not to be supported by them. ** Confucius said: ‘We should not be distressed if the citizens are few, but we should be distressed if each does not receive an equal share of what all produce ; we should not be disturbed because the citizens are poor, but be- cause they are discontented on account of the inequality of riches. He has also said: ‘It is not well for wealth to be left buried in the ground, but it is not necessary that it should belong to you. It is not well if you neglect to use your strength in productive labor, but it is not n that you should work for yourself alone.” Throughout the whole philosophy of China tke principle is recognized that excessive wealth and excessive poverty are wrong. Primogeniture does not exist. The estates of the parents invariably descend equally to allthe children. Thus great fortunes are subdivided within a few generations. Immemorial custom requires the rich to maintain their needy relatives and friends, to assist them to earn their own living, to establish charitable foundations, such as setting aside land the revenue of which shall be used to support the aged and the poor, to found free schools, hospitals and orphanages, and in some cases to build bridges and highways, and to erect shelters for travelers. ‘In China the wealthy usually live almost as simply as the poor. For that reason the poor have seldom hated the rich. Although within the last dozen years or so great corporations and modern industrial establishments have grown up In China, the antagonisra between capital] and labor is not as yet strong. Measures developed in Europe and America for the protection of the working people are being adopted, and most of the new corporations are owned by a great number of shareholders. A concentration of capital in the hands of a few great magnates is hardly to be feared. “If we are to have communism in China, it will be a pacific communism, without the relentless class-struggle preached by Karl Marx.” anne paanenantaanaennaneas ananneneetaeean ny Ene esses esses Unification by Means of Internal Free Trade my UTNAM WEALE,” otherwise Mr. Lennox Simpson, A\ editor of the Far Eastern Times and sometime advisor to the Chinese government, in an interesting New Year proposal for China, suggests that the most feasible method for unifying China is to abolish the internal customs barriers, particularly the archaic inter-port dues, which impedes the progress of trade deve- lopments. He criticizes an article by Sir Francis Aglen, the inspector- generai of the Chinese maritime customs, in which the latter favors the immediate convocation of the proposed customs con- ference, so that China might have additional revenue and every one be benefitted thereby. Mr. Simpson says in part : “ Although we are at the dawn of the year 1925, a system such as exists at Chinese ports to-day, of charging export duties for everything going out of & port to another port and import duties on everything coming in from a brother port—this system is not even mentioned although it is archaic, harm- ful, anti-nationalistic, subsersive and astounding. Coast trade duties, which have been unknown in any other part of the world for centuries ; which make it impossible for people tc carry on home-trade legitimately ; which necessitate masses of greasy documents in two s, heavy staffs and unending delay ; which retard development,—these are to be left. The thing which would kill likin automatically, i.e., being able to move goods by water tax-free from Hankow to Tientsin, from Newchwang to Canton, or from anywhere to any- where else in China, is not touched, upon. Three years ago I myself insisted on the point to Dr. Wellington Koo at Washington and suggested that it should be China’s central argument ; for it would touch the public as much as the fact that foreign nations maintained their own post offices in China. His answer was characteristic :—‘ It is easy enough to abolish taxes, but it is hard to impose new taxation.” A Daniel come to judgment imdeed! Yet coast-trade duties give China something to bargain with. She could offer their immediate abolition for an immediate import tariff increase which would bring as great @ revolution as the few existing railways have brought.” There is much in Mr. Simpson’s argument, except that he, like Sir Francis Aglen, overlooks the fact that the remedy for the international difficulties of China, as well as for the chaotic condition of China’s finances, lies not in the handling of this or that item of the problem, but of the whole. The customs revenue, the salt revenue, the loans, internal and external, the revision of archaic treaties, the abolition of extraterritoriality, the retrocession of concessions, the recognition of full sovereignty, cannot be discussed as separate items without sacrificing the general position of the foreigners in China. Of course, there are those’ who do not care anything about the position of the foreigners in China, who maintain that because treaties were written sixty years ago they have in- validated themselves by old age, that China can abrogate these treaties by simply denying their existence, as Russia did. But such a view can be of no benefit to China, for there is no govern-

Page 94

10 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW mental agency in the country which is prepared to handle any new situations which might arise out of the changes. Were China a modern state, unified and with an effective government, there would be no problems. The wealth of resources, the man-power, the size of her territory would in themselves solve the outstanding international problems. But China has no government, China knows no unity, China is incapable of creating agencies to handle her internal, much less her international problems. How then can one expect at this moment to find a formula for the rectification of wrongs on both sides ? The status of nations is constantly changing. Every European war had seen such changes. The war of 1914 saw the fall and disappearance of the tremendous Hapsburg empire. Germany ceased to be a dictator of policies and became an problem. Russia ceased to dominate a phase of European affairs and became an outlawed nation. The United States, which for a century or more, had avoided European entanglements, became an active participant in European affairs. And so it went. But China has more or less remained static. China’s international position remained unchang- ed, except as her affairs became affected by the changing conditions of the other nations. China's passive participation in the great war entitled her to a seat at Versailles, but the internal and international situation of China was altogether unaffected by the events which brought the Versailles conference into existence. The Washington conference was called not because the situation in China required any change in her status as much as because the relations between the United States and Japan required readjustment. In short, China is as much surrounded by a great wall to-day, so far as international relations are concerned, as in the most gloomy days of isolation. To all the powers, particularly such as are deeply concerned over China, whether for sentimental or selfish reasons, this un- impressionability of China is a serious problem. For nothing can be done for a nation which does nothing for herself, or to put it in other terms, which does not change her status in accordance with the general trend of political progress in the world. The creation of a new source of revenue or the increase of existing revenues in no way solves the problem. For the mental attitude of the gov- ernors of the country is medieval and they regard all revenues as personal, to be utilized for the enhancement of personal power and the increase of personal wealth. This view is altogether out of harmony with the political period in which we live, when national states are regarded as the suitable units of peoples and when the soverignty of states rests with the people thereof. At a time when national states are so well organized that they seek international relationships with a view toward minimizing the conflicts arising out of differences, China has not yet become a national state, but is attempting to function feudalistically. And what makes the condition more disturbing is the fact that feudalism is becoming strengthened by the march of events. The Washington conference offered a plan which might have helped China were the Chinese people in a receptive mood for such assistance. The nations of the world, having interests in China and having treaties which the modernized Chinese (a handful) regard as umbrageous, would meet to consider the revision of such treaties if China undertook to reorganize herself on the basis of a modern national state. No provision was made that China was required to follow a model in the west, but rather was it boped that China would evolve out of her political consciousness some form which could make it possible for the other national states to regard her as an equal. That opportunity was altogether missed, as Turkey did nof miss it. China was willing to accept the benefits of the Washington conference without assuming any of the respon- sibilities or obligations arising from such an agreement. As a matter of fact, since the Washington conference, the process of feudaliza- tion has become more accentuated and the international position of China has become worse. In such a situation to attempt to solve isolated problems is simply to bring about further complications. One or two lines of activity present themselves : the first is that the powers ignore all _ Suggestions of change and wait until China has evolved a national state before any changes are made. The other is that the powers meet independently of China and draw up definite and concrete ‘proposals suggesting what they would do if China made certain specific improvements in her own situation. Such a course would throw the onus of failure upon the governors of the country, who must in time realize that in accordance with current political ideals, the habited portion of the earth must January, 1925 be regarded as a unit and that the disturbed condition of any area affects the whole, that the better organized and therefore more powerful nations cannot ignore the disturbance of life throughout the world by the more poorly organized and unpro- gressive nations and that China’s failure to keep pace with the political progress of mankind is not an internai but and interna- tional problem. Perfectly Sound Americanism [* a striking editorial on migration and world policy, The Chicago Tribune says : “Japan wants to send 5,000 agriculturists to Mexico. That is a detail. It is a minor incident of human restlessness. It will have conse- quences. A mission has been sent there to establish industries and settle- ments on the Mexican west coast. There was a treaty signed October 8, of amity, commerce and navigation. Japan with France, Japan with Italy, Japan with Russia, Japan with Mexico, Japan with China and others is build- ing up a structure of relationships that may serve her well when she comes to the showdown on immigration. She will try to extend her sovereignty with her emigrants .. . “For modern immigration is neither tribal nor state supported in the form of colonies. It is individual, and the controls put on it are laid there by the receiving land. That right of the recipient is still questioned. Japan questions it, and well nigh brought the league of nations to her view. Italy questions it. The majority of nations who export immigrants question it. They stake their present necessities against the future needs of younger, underpopulated lands. They are prevented from collecting those necessities only by implicit force. That is Monroe doctrine. ‘Such is the Singapore base. It is frankly force to defend the potent emptiness of Australia, New Zealand, Canada for future white men. Pearl Harbor is a force to defend the naked coasts of America for a culture and a stock that we have chosen to perpetuate. Without implied force those relatively empty lands would straightway be overwhelmed by yellow peoples whom we heave taught through science and modern industry to preserve their populations and to increase. The danger is of our own arousing. It could not be otherwise. We had to start it. We must check its drive on us.” Correct. But must the United States also constitute itself into a bulwark against the silent but irresistable pressure of the Japanese on other parts of Asia ? Must Americans carry their ideas into this continent and say to the Japanese, “‘ you may not enter into or own lands in the Philippines: you may not enjoy the fruits of your hard won victory over Russia and China in 1905: you may not send your surplus population into Manchuria or Mongolia: you may not seek an outlet in the vast uninhabited wastes of Siberia stolen from the yellow man by Russia: you may not acquire any preferred position in the trade or development of China that will enable your people to exist at home : you may not defend yourself against “‘ the menace from the direction of Urga,”’ for, if you do, you must reckon with us. American rights to equal trade opportunity in these regions are vastly more important than Japan’s right to exist. That is the Open Door doctrine. That is America’s conception of her rights in Asia as written into the con- sortium agreement. Perfectly good Americanism. Japanese Electrical Equipment AX’ order for power plant machinery and equipment, valued at more than $1,000,000 (gold), has been placed by the Nippon Denryoku Kabushiki Kaisha (Japan Electric Power Company) of Osaka, Japan, with the Escher-Wyss Company for turbines and the condensers. Siemens-Schuckert Company has been awarded the contract for the generators, and Babcock and Wilcox (through Mitsui & Co.) will build the boilers. The motors necessary to operate the auxiliary pumps are to be built by an American firm. The prices quoted by American companies were approximately 40 per cent. higher than those quoted by foreign competitors. The terms of credit granted on these orders will cover a period of three years. It is also reported that Mitsui & Co., Ltd., has awarded the contract to William Cramp & Sons, Ship and Engine Building Com- pany, for three 13,000 horse-power turbines with governors, intake pipe and pen-stock valves, to be installed in the Aso River station of the Cifu Electric Power Company. The contract represents the first order for hydraulic machinery to be placed with Cramp by Japanese interests and will constitute part of the extensive super- power developments of Japan.

Page 95

January, 1925 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW it Have Faith in Coolidge! DMIRAL Okada, commander-in-chief of the joint Japanese naval squadrons, has taken upon himself full responsibility for declaring that the Japanese navy is not in the least concerned about the American naval manoeuvrs in the Pacific. If he had announced that the Japanese were delighted to learn that the American program coincided with their own intention to hold the annual Japanese manceuvres based on the Caroline and Marshall Islands against a possible attack by the combined Chilean, Peruvean and Patagonian navies, it would have effectively silenced the jingoes of both nations and given the world something to laugh about. Japan has a perfect right to hold her 1924 war-game in that section of the Pacific simultaneously with the American navy with scme South American country as the hypothetical enemy. Such ex- planation would be just as logical as that advanced by the American authorities. The Japanese in our opinion are unduly alarmed about America’s ambitions in the Pacific. If the real truth was permitted to leak out, it wouJd reveal that the United States is intent upon extending its shadow over the Elysian playgrounds of the South Seas discovered by that great American voyager, Frederick O’Brien. Nothing has so stirred American imagination and the strong red- blood of the adventure- some pioneer than the glowing descriptions of these lands of flaming youth, burning desire and September morn- ings brought home by O’Brien and the navi- gators of the Kawa. In order to mislead the rightful owner of these open-air gardens of de- light, Americans are advertising Japan as the imaginary enemy. We dislike to be unpatriotic and divulge national secrets but the acquisi- tion of the Marquesan Eden is now the cardinal feature of our Pacific policy, the real objective of our naval strategy. At least, we submit that this is just as plausible as any other explanation. Let us explore this hypothesis along more serious lines. Amer- ican jingoes may feel that their best interests are served by co- operating with Great Britain and Australia and making use of the Singapore naval base in the event of war with Japan. Great Britain may encourage this idea and endeavor to bring about an entente with America that will cover Pacific and Far Eastern ques- tions, but as long as France is left on the outside ajl such scheming will result in failure. The real key of the south Pacific is held by France, whose strategical position in Oceania constitutes an effective checkmate to Anglo-American co-operation in these waters. If the British naval] base at Singapore is to be construed as a menace, it is as great a menace to France as it is to Japan. Also, and to a greater extent, to the Philippines. French publicists are fully alive to its significance. The best naval harbor on the east coast of Asia outside of Japan is Camranh Bay in Indo-China, with the well-equipped ports of Saigon and Haiphong as secondary bases, all three connected by a coast railway. Add to these the harbors of Tahiti and Mangareva and the hundreds of isles that could serve a3 secret submarine bases amongst her Polynesian possessions, the strategical position of France is such that her friendship and neutrali- Baron Shidehara, Japan’s Minister of Foreign Affairs, at his Desk in the Gaimusho. A Brilliant Diplomat whose Close Intimacy with Secretary Hughes and Sympathetic Understanding of America’s Policies Contributed Largely to the Success of the Washington Conference and Paved the Way for American-Japanese Co-operation in Finance and Business ty is essentia] to any power entertaining serious thoughts of waging a Pacific war. France has no naval force in the Far East of sufficient strength to adequately defend these possessions. Should France permit their use by the Japanese navy in return for Japan’s protection to these very vulnerable possessions, it would impair, if not effectively nullify, any Anglo-American pact covering this part of the world. The position of France in any test of naval strength in the Pacific would at some particular juncture decide the issue should she place her colonial resources at the disposition of either side. There are indications that Japan and France fully appreciate the new trend of affairs, and have arrived at some understanding or “‘ agreed memo- randum” in the event the other line-upshould develop intoa cer tainty. As long as France holds the key to Pacific peace there will be no war without the would be beligerants knowing exactly where she stands beforehand, and as she has everything to lose and nothing to gain, her possession of the key is a quarantee of peace. Pd * ¥ As to the wisdom of providing the Japanese with further cause for alarm about Ameri- can policies in the Paci- fic there can be no two opinions. The Japan- ese do not forget how on a previous occasion the American _battle-ship fieet was sent into the Pacific with the avowed purpose of impressing them with our strength. Neither do they over- look the military signi- ficance of the recent round-the-world flight which brought American army aviators across the Pacific to their shores and provided them with the data on which to base further operations. At a time when relations between the two coun- tries are not as cordial as they should be because of Japanese resentment against our exclusion laws, American jingoes have prevailed upon the navy department to re- peat the former blunder. As in the case of our immigration law, there is no question of America’s right to hold her annual war-game in the Pacific with Japai. ». the imaginary enemv. It is simply a question of tact,the avoiding of another error provid- ing the jingoes of both nations and those outsiders anxious for reasons of their own to see Japan and America come to grips, an opportunity to redouble their pernicious activities. That the opportunity was seized is attested to by the fresh outbreak of war-talk indulged in by the excitable elements of both nations, In America, Secretary of the Navy Wilbur, supported by Admiral Bradley A. Fiske, Captain William Shealer and other highly placed experts, asserts that it is a self-evident fact that Japan will one day become America’s enemy, while congressman Britten started a campaign for a union of the white nations against Japan. What Japan would gain by waging war with the United States is not quite clear. If she wins, she loses. The same applies to the United States. There is nothing to be gained by a war between Japan and America but loss to either side. If American jingoes could glimpse with their own eyes the depressing poverty of Toyko and Yokohama with their miles upon miles of temporary thin, match- board shacks doing service as houses and grasp something of the

Page 96

2 : THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW January, 1925 tremendous, heart-breaking, up-hill fight confronting the Japanese in restoring their ruined homes and places of business, they would understand perhaps how grotesque it would be for such people to indulge in war-dreams with a super-power like the United States. Forces of nature inflicted upon a Japan a loss far in excess of any defeat she might have suffered in a modern war and with the lesson of the gieat war still fresh in their minds, the rulers of Japan are not curting complete ruin by wantonly provoking hostilities with America. Admiral Okada frankly recognized the real spirit behind the American naval manceuvres and sympathizel with the efforts of the American authorities to be prepared égainst all emergencies-in the Pacific, while Premier Viscount Kato told the members of the Seiyukai party that “Ths American government notified us soms time ago of a desire to remove misunder- standing in Japan caused by the proposed naval manceuvres. America declared her wil- lingness to let all the American war vessels taking part in the manceuvres, visit Yokohama after they were over, so that distrust about the motives of the manceuvres might be erased. ““We told the United States that such @ visit was not necessary and declined ac- -ceptance of the offer. From this, it is evident that the United States is anxious to secure the understanding of the enlightened classes of Japan.” This incident illustrates that al- though the thinking men of Japan are not worrying about the American naval manceuvres and accept America’s frank expression of friendly sentiment, they realize the danger that might be created by the visit of the American fleet to Japan and the misunderstandings that might arise when a large body of men were granted shore leave in a port and capital city ill-prepared to receive them. _ Secretary Hughes, departing from all precedents, administered a well-merited and severe rebuke to the American jin- goes in a statement welcoming the ap- pointment of Mr, T. Mastudaira as ambassador to Washington, in which he received the endorsement of President Coolidge. The statement, so faithfully reflecting the pulicy of the present ad- ministration, is one of the most important documents bearing upon the relations be- tween Japan and America. Mr. Hughes said in part : “The authorities of the United States find the inflammatory movement respecting the relations of Japan and the United States incomprehensive. The American authorities in Washington are unable to point out clearly who the in- stigators are, though itis true that certain pablications and speeches have engender- ed misunderstandings between the two countries. So long as any incendiary propaganda is allowed to be carried on, the governments of Japan and the United States will be put to very great enbarrassmeat. The American officials are of the opinien that the relations of the two countries are to-day unprecedentedly well. Starting from the naval disarmament question, Japan is not only respecting and living up to the spirit and the decision of the Washington naval treaty but is taking every opportunity of showing her sincerity to put in force all the 1 entered into at Washington concerning China and the Far East. The American government also recognizes the fact that the Japanese government is exercising the greatest efforts for the reconciliation of the feelings of the peoples of the two countries. That has specially appointed such a great statesman as Mr. M ira to be Japanese ambassador to Washington is sufficient to endorse the above fact. 4 _ Furthermore, the withdrawal of Japanese troops from Siberia, the retrocession of Tsingtao to China, the announcement of the to Japan. Hon. Edgar A. Bancroft, American Ambassador His Message, ‘‘HAVE FAITH IN COOLIDGE,” is Accepted as an Assurance of Good-Will and the Reestablishment of Cordial Friendship Between Japan and America open-door policy vis-a-vis of China, the abandonment of Japan’s special sphere of influence in China as a result of the abrogation of the Ishii-Lansing agreement, and the cancellation of the Anglo- Japanese alliance, coupled with the attitude Japan has taken in connection with the American immigration question and others are all fair and just, which shows how Japan is endeavouring to maintain her co-operation with the United States for the solution of various Pacific questions. While I am fully convinced that the relations of the United States and Japan will grow more friendly than ever, I cannot but believe that Mr. Matsudaira’s arrival at his new post will go a long way towards accelerating the furtherance of the friendly relations of the two countries.” This splendid declaration of American trust in Japan was made-the keynote of a nation-wide protest against further anti-Japanese agitation. Senator Owen (democrat) of Oklahoma, sternly rebuked the Japanophobes and jingoes on the floor of the senate and supported the administration by saying : ** Japan is entitled to the respect and good will of the American people. The Japanese people are about as brave, as any peo‘le on the earth, and they are patriotic and emotional. They are entitled to the admiration and good will of the United States, and certainly should enjoy our universal respect. ** Japan. co-operated with us and with our allies in the world war ; she restored the Shan- tung peninsula which she had taken from the Germans to China ; she entered the Washington disarmament conference and signed the naval limitation treaties ; she dropped the aggressive twenty-one demands on China; she withdrew troops from Siberia; and she abrogated the Anglo-Japanese alliance. “So when a courteous and considerate discussion of the exclusion. question is being held, no man in congress is justified under these facts in abusing the Japanese government: If he does so he is invading the rights and func- tions of the executive branch of the government and is not doing service to his own country.” * ce * At the height of this agitation, Mr. Edgar A. Bancroft, the new American ambassador, arrived in Tokyo and de- livered his message to Japan at a dinner given in his honor on December 12 by the Japan-American society. “‘My message to you and to all friends of Japan and of America is: “ Have FarrH In JAPAN. Have Faitu IN THE UNITED STATES AND IN PRESIDENT CooLipGE!” This message held out a promise that was not long in being lived up to. The declaration of American friendship for Japan as voiced by Secretary Hughes and endorsed by President Coolidge was followed almost immediately by one of the finest strokes of far-seeing statesman- ship in the handling of our Far Eastern affairs. ‘This took the shape of an agree- ment entered into last month between the Japanese and American war departments for an exchange of language officers who will be attached to regiments of the two armies for a period of six months. Nothing could be more conducive to mutual understand- ing and cordial friendship than this mingling of fighting men on a basis of full equality in the every day life of the garrison and camp. 2 In announcing the new plan, Secretary of War Weeks pointed out that it was the first,of its kind with the Japanese and was “indicative of the friendly feeling that exists between the two war departments and the two armies.”” Japan’s War Minister, General Ugaki, supplemented this in the following statement to the press:— **T wish fully to endorse the statement of Secretary Weeks that this in- dicates a friendly feeling Letween the two armies. War talk is powerless in the presence of solid facts. Let me assur> you that the year just opening certainly will bring an increased good feeling between our two peoples, and will disperse the last vestige, if there be any, of ill-feeling, born out of sheor misunderstanding on one party or the other.”

Page 97

January, 1925 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW 13 This, and other signs indicate that the clouds of misunderstand- ing are being blown away and the present year will witness a clearing of the atmosphere. It may be difficult for President Coolidge to immediately modify or annul the Japanese exclusion clause in our immigration law and restore the deep respect and cordial friendship of all classes of Japanese for the United States but as time goes on and the American people grasp the real significance of this disaster to American diplomacy, to American business and the work of their churches in Japan and China, they will voluntarily demand action that will wipe out the uncalled for insult to a friendly people whose leaders have accepted our ideals as the guiding principles in their new outlook on international affairs. Events are moving rapidly and we can only wait and hope for the fulfillment of the promise held out in Ambassador Bancroft’s message: “‘ Have Fairy IN CooLIpGE !”’ *& ca Indian Railways Make Drastic Changes f Yor great changes now being made in Indian railway administra- tion and finance are causing many British manufacturers, who eater to a very considerable extent to that market for railway rolling stock and materials, to follow the trend of events very closely. The exact methods of management are very clearlv set out in The Times, some extracts from which will be of considerable in- terest. The East India railway, which is to be taken over from the company management by the state at the close of the present calendar year, has been in existence over seventy years. The system is made up of some 2,480 miles of open line, and the capital outlay, including premiums paid by government in the purchase of the line, has been over Rs. 93 crores. At present of nearly 37,000 miles of railway in India, over 7,000 are owned and worked by the state, and nearly 18,000 also owned by the state are worked by guaranteed companies. The Acworth commission of 1920-21 advised that the system of manage- ment by companies of English domicile should not be continued after the termination of existing contracts, and agreed that a system of management by a combination of English and Indian domiciled companies was impracticable. While five members of the com- mittee, including the chairman, recommended that the undertak- ings of the guaranteed companies, as and when the contracts feil in, should be entrusted to the direct management of the state, five members, all of them railway experts or business men, recom- mended that the system of both state and company management should be continued, and that the government should not be com- mitted to a policy of state management only for all railways. They accordingly proposed a scheme for creating Indian domiciled com- panies to manage the East Indian and, possibly the Great Indian Peninsula railway, the contract for which falls in next year. Though there were noteworthy exceptions, the trend of Indian opinion has been strongly in favor of entire state management, and a resolution to this effect was passed in the legislative Assembly in Febr- uary, 1923. Since then the assembly has become more strongly na- tionalist in composition, and the eagerness of a majority of its mem- bers for state management has been manifested in the discussion of the proposal for the separation of railway finance from the general budget. Such separation has been urged repeatedly by commercial bodies and was recommended with great emphasis by the Acworth commission in 1921. The faults of the old system, whereby the railway department occupied the same position in financial matters as other departments of government, were indicated in the speech Lord Reading made to the railway conference at Simla early in October. The viceroy said that in spite of the possession of special powers and of the theoretical advantage of treatment on a com- mercial working basis, in practice the department was crippled for development purposes. by the restrictions inherent in the system. The railways depended for finance upon money voted each year, and the net earnings of the railways went into the general exchequer. The inevitable tendency was to expect railways to contribute more than their just share to the general revenues, and to class the powers of recovery through railways as a potentiality for adding to revenue from taxation. This tendency, as the viceroy said, killed incentive to economy in working and continuity in railway policy, and definitely operated to discourage initiative in commercial management and real increase in efficiency in serving the public. A step in advance was made when, with the approval of the leg- islative assembly, a capital programme was guaranteed to the railways over a period of years. After a depressing succession of large deficits, Sir Basil Blackett was able last March to introduce a balanced budget, and to include therein a scheme for the separation of railway finance. The con- sideration of the scheme had to be postponed, owing to Indian criticisms, to the September session. The committee to consider the scheme at first made acceptance conditional on the adoption by the government of principle: of an irrelevant character, such as the Indianization of the railway service in the higher ranks, purchase of stores in India, and the giving of a pledge by the government that no state railway should be handed over to a company without the approval of the Assembly. As the viceroy pointed out, the purpose of a number of amend- ments proposed was to subject the change to conditions wholly unconnected to the principle involved. Had these conditions, which included the complete subordination of all initiative in executive action of the government to the legislature, been , govern- ment, he said, would have been obliged to abandon the project. : The resolution as finally framed and passed represents, on the chief point involved in the debate, a compromise. The railway contribution to the general budget under the original scheme was to be five-sixths of 1 per cent. on the capital at charge of commercial lines, with participation of profits ‘after meeting all working and interest charges. The ammount of contribu- tion to the general revenues has now been fixed at 1 per cent. on the capital at charge, equa] to a net payment during the present year of about £3,460,000. So far as surplus profits go, the consider- able leeway to be made up in respect of renewals and repairs payable out of revenue will be absorbent for some years to come. New Firefloat for the Hongkong Government bess Hongkong & Whampoa Dock Company, Ltd., are building at their Kowloon works a most interesting fire-fighting float for the harbor service of the Hongkong government. This vessel will have a length overall of 101’ and 95’ between perpendi- culars. The moulded breadth is 23’ and depth, 9’ 6”. She will be built of steel throughout, constructed to scantlings equal to Lloyd's highest class for craft of this type, with one steel deck sheathed fore and aft, over which for 70-ft. is a wood deck, on which are placed the fire-fighting appliances and navigation bridge ford. The hull is to be divided into six watertight compartments by five watertight bulkheads, fresh water being carried in fore peak and feed water in tanks at sides of boilers, and oil fuel in tanks at sides of boiler room. The rudder will he controlled from the bridge by hand steering gear, rods and chains to quadrant tiller in rudder stock. A steam windlass will be fitted forward for working anchors and cables. The vessel will have accommodation for one European, saloon- bath and W.C. being in house ford, and galley W.C. and store for fire hose in house at after end of engine casing. The crew will be berthed in forward hold, and captain and engineer in after hold. The machinery will consist of one set of triple-expansion engines —1]2”—20’—33" by 21” stroke, working pressure 180-Ibs. per square inch. capable of propelling the vessel at a speed of 10 knots. An independent air and circulating pump of Merryweather’s make, a bilge and general service pump, two Weir’s direct-acting feed pumps, one 5 k.w. generator, oil fuel pump, heaters, filters, etc., one Howden’s fan and two Merryweather latest pattern double cylinder ‘ Greenwick Gem ” vertical stationary fire and salvage pumps will be installed in the machinery space. The fire and salvage pumps will be together capable of delivering 4,000 gallor.; per minute, at a delivery pressure of 150-lbs. per square inch. Steam will be supplied by two Babcock & Wilcox straight tube express water-tube boilers, having a working pressure of 200-Ibs. per square inch, reducing valves being fitted between boilers and all machinery. The boilers will be oil fired with Howden’s enclosed duct undergrate type of forced draught, fitted with Babcock & Wilcox's oil fuel sprayers pressure type. | The vessel will be equipped with two gunmetal swivelling monitors, and one water-tower of angle steel framework, supporting a working platform nine feet above the deck level. . In the interior of the delivery pipe a telescopic steel tube will be fitted, at the upper end of which will be fixed a M ther 5” monitor, operated by steel chains from the level of the platform, and which when fully extended will be 29’ above the upper deck. The vessel will be electrically lighted throughout, and in addi- tion will have one searchlight 18” diameter, projector with mirror, dispersion lens and gas filled filament lamp, 2,000 candle-power.

Page 98

Sed 14 : THE FAR EASTERN

REVIEW January, 1925<" Greater Osaka of its popularity as a cotton manufacturing centre of Japan and the Orient, will shortly become the largest city in the Orient and fifth in rank of the largest: cities in the world, in point of area. When the proposed plan of annexing the two adjoining

igashinari and Nishinari—on the north-west of the © pres city, the total area of Greater Osaka will become 65.75 square miles, and the population 2,030,000 ; at present the city’s area is only 20.82 square miles and its population 1,390,000. Osaka will beat Manchester then. | Higashinari and Nishinari-guns comprise 44 towns and villages, covering a total area of 42.93 square miles and possessing a popu- lation of 642,000. By far the greater part of the area to be con- solidated into Greater Osaka is at present devoted to farming. Therein lies the significance of the proposed plan of consolidation, ‘for the Manchester of the Grient keenly feels the need of open space to build factories, and the twe guns which have afforded space for that purpose in the past will do so in future, with modern improvements added by the efforts of the municipality of Greater Osaka The present city of Osaka is divided into four wards: Kita, Higashi, Nishi, and Minami; or north, east, west and south. According to the plans made for Greater Osaka, these four wards are to be sub-divided, creating in all eight wards, namely: Kita, Konohana, Higashi, Nishi, Minato, Tennoji, Minami and Naniwa. _ Kita-ku, north ward, is to comprise the greater part of the _ Kita-ku, with the exception of the Ashiwake and Ajikawa — school districts, and adding the Miyakojima, Sakuranomiya, Saibi and Sonezaki districts. _ Konohana-ku is to comprise the original Kita-ku, including the Kami-Fukushima, Shimo-Fukushima, Nishi-Noda, and Ashiwake school districts, and adding the Kujo and Kasugade districts of the present Nishi-ku. — Higashi-ku is to comprise the original Higashi-ku, and adding the Tamatsuri and Kiyohori districts and a district formerly known as Higashi-Hirano. : Nishi-ku is to comprise the origina} Nishi-ku, with the exception of a district formerly known as Iwasaki-machi in Taisho-dori. Minato-ku is to comprise the Kujo, Sangenya, Izuo, Ichioka, and Chikko districts in the present Nishiku, and adding a district formerly known as Iwasaki-machi in the Taisho-dori and Ajikawa Tennoji-ku is to comprise the Higashi-Hirano district, with the exception of a district formerly known as Higashi-Hirano, and Tennoji district in the present Minami-ku. Minami-ku is to comprise the original Minami-ku. Naniwa-ku is to comprise Namba district, in the present. Minami-ku, and adding the Kizu, Imamiya, and Nishihama districts. Five New Wards In addition to the foregoing eight wards, five new wards are to be created in the part to be consolidated into Greater Osaka, namely: Higashinari and Nishinari. The five wards are to be known as: Himejima, Nakajima, Higashinari, Sumiyoshi, and Nishinari. Himejima-ku is to comprise Dempo, Sagisu, Utajima, Chibune, Hiejima, Fuku and Kawakita. | Nakajima-ku is to comprise Nakatsu, Toyosaki, Nishi-Naka-— jima, Toyosato, Omichi, Shinjo, Nakajima, Kita-Nakajima and Kamitsu. Higashinari-ku is to comprise Ikuno, Tsuruhashi, Nakamoto, Kamiji, Shoji, Joto, Enomoto, Namazue, Enami, Johoku, Furuichi Sumiyoshi-ku is to comprise Tennoji, Hirano, Kizure, Kita- Kudara, Minami-Kudara, Tanabe, Yosami, Nagai, Sumoyoshi, uminoe, Auryu and Shikitsu. Nishingri-ku is to comprise Imamiya, Tamade, Kohama and From the point of view of the t Osaka city, there are two reasons for which the consolidation of the outlying districts into Greater Osaka was considered absolutely necessary ; readjust- ment of the streets and sanitary improvement of outlying districts to prevent diseases. These two problems are not easy to solve, as their solution will require a considerable outlay of funds and a deal of inconvenience spread over a long period of operations. Nevertheless, they must be solved, for, should the present irregular development of the outlying districts continue, Osaka city will be literally choked by. menacing diseases and by inconvenience in communications. As an organic -ommunity, Osaka must break through these walls to preserve its health. These considerations have led to the proposed plan of consolidation. As for the districts to be consolidated into Greater Osaka, they will naturally get the benefit of the municipal improvements extended to them after they are consolidated. These self-governing communities are now requested by the home office, through the Osaka prefecture government, to reply as to whether they care to be consolidated into Greater Osaka and on what conditions they will join. Very little dissension is expected. As soon as these districts make their reply, the home office will give formal consent to the plan of consolidation and prepara- tions for creating Greater Osaka will be made at once. It is believed that, from April, 1925, Osaka will announce its expansion into Greater Osaka. There are several interesting facts which should be noted here in connection .with the creation of Greater Osaka. Greater Osaka will have within its limits 5,132 chobu (a chobu is equal to 2.45 acres) of rice fields and 1,912 chobu of track gardens. The city will not only be a manufacturing and commercial centre, but eill be an agricultural city as well. About 8,000 farming families will live in the city. About 86,000 koku (a koku is equal to about 40 bushels) of rice-and 9,000 koku of wheat will be produced. Being adjacent to Osaka city, the outlying districts produce a considerable amount of vegetables, chickens, eggs and other farm produce There will, therefore, be 6,600 families engaged in chicken raising, with 240,000 chickens, yielding annually 6,430,000 yen. These farming districts will be converted, in a space of five or ten years, into city streets or manufacturing sites, according to how fast Greater Osaka develops. Residence Quarters According to the plans in the minds of the promoters of Greater Osaka, purely agricultural districts in the highlands, east of Osaka city, are sites for future residence districts, as a way of relieving the present crowded and insanitary condition of residence houses in the city. The regions along the Yodo and Kizu rivers are especially selected as sites for big and special factories which will be removed from their present sites within the present city limits, thereby increasing the efficiency of the factories and at the same time safe- guarding the lives of the people of the city, who are at present tormented by the smoke, noise and malodours of the factories. Improvement of sanitary conditions in the city was one of the objects for which Greater Osaka was planned. Osaka’s death rate is beyond description. Its rate of 22.32 per thousand of the people of Osaka is the highest of the six largest cities in Japan, except Nagoya. The rates in some of the outlying districts are extraordinary. In Ikuno-mura, it is 57.03, in Toyosaki-machi, 33, and in Imamiya-machi, over 38. _ An example of improvement is shown by Imamiya, where tho rate in the part of Imamiya which was incorporated into the present Osaka city some years ago is smaller by 11 than that of Imamiya- machi, which was left behind, but which is now to be consolidated into Greater Osaka. In Tennoji, the difference is 1.4. By rates similar to these examples, the sanitary and health conditions of the outlying districts will be improved. All these and other improvements which may be enumerated can be brought about only by the people of the city and of the districts to be incorporated into Greater Osaka addressing them- selves seriously to the great task before them. The increase of (Continued on page 19.)

Page 99

CZ6l | ‘Arenue { or a (eet 1 Ss Z: y Sem ' ite ; FS aR 9 we os re: : wey + PE RB pyar A 3 J Pgs : “Hie y i te ; ; o eae 4 _ — ce mh N tm tS < m = S 2 s se mi & ~ =. ; a ie ee y BIRD’S.EYE VIEW OF THE CENTRE OF GREATER OSAKA Large Buildings Shown in the Photograph Are: From left: Bank of Japan, Nakanoshima. City Hall, Nad i inichi Buildi : ; ft: ; , City Hall, Nadaman Hotel, Kital .M ‘hi B seen behind Nadaman, Central Public Hall, Nakanoshima, seen next to Mainichi Building, Kitahama Building, Dojima. Building, Ove Building seen far beyond, Bankers’ Club in Nakanoshima, Appellate Court across Dojima River, Shizuka Company seen in front on the right, and Kitabama Share Market in front on the left.

Page 100

ney) oS aa = SL aon ‘ 5 eg! chgre tse Usa ¢ Rie INA = Sm a Sem et pie ee ee eID CAN 5 ae IS tr pO oe SN ae he : ae American Locomotive Co.—General Electric Co. Test of S.M.R. 1 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW 90-Ton 3-Cylinder Locomotive Using 150-Ten 3,000 volt Mexican January, 1925 — a — =e = 2 - x» —_ - as . . eee T) as a le L a , . as —— ‘ + ¥; % Se i ‘ . MIS - > = _ Locomotive for Regenerative Load Test of Three-Cylinder Locomotive for the South Manchurian Railway An account of recent tests on & three-cylinder locomotive for the South Manchurian Railway, conducted on the test track of the General Electric Co., at Erie, Pa., with interesting data relative to the per- formance of these engines. It includes also a brief description of these locomotives. The American Locomotive Co., recently completed five locomotives of the three-cylinder mikado type, for the South Manchurian Railway. Before the new engines were shipped abroad, they were tested in the novel manner recently intro- duced by the General Electric Co., and the American Locomo- tive Co., using an electric locomotive equipped with the regenera- tive braking feature as a means of registering the data of the performance. The tests were conducted on the test track of A RIGHT, 230.5 11 Regur $303 1p | 4 Pe MiSOLe, 275.20" & S372 5 te “Lert 288 007. LEFY Si6.4 upp Boiler Pressure, 180: Speed, 14.76 M.P.H.: 50% cut-off: Card, 3a-4: 1.H.P., 1583.9 Boiler Pressure, 180: Speed, ‘5.45 M.P.H. Full Gear. Card, the General Electric Co., at Eire, Pa. The electric locomotive used in the tests was one of ten units built by the General] Electric Co.,and the American Locomotive Co., for the Mexican Railway Co., Ltd., which at that time was ready for shipment. This locomotive was designed to operate from a 3.000- volts, direct-current trolley and was equipped with the regenerative braking feature for the purpose of holding back trains on the 4 per cent. grades between Mexico and Vera Cruz. Because of the accuracy of electrical instruments, it was pos- sible to determine the drawbar pull exerted by the steam engine much more accurately than by the use of mechanical measurements. In order to calculate the load for each run, recording and indicating instruments were used reading the total line current, speed and volt- RiQNT. 535.6 Rigul 7éo21 MIiDOLe, 739.7 1 MIDOLE 814.71 LEFT 6834 1» LEFT, 518.7 1” Boiler Pressure, 179: Speed. 33.4 M.P.H., 33% cut-off: Card 11-2: I.H.P., 1794, Boiler Pressure, 178: Speed, 34 M.P.H.: 50% cut-off: Card, 9-1: L.H.P., 2284.3

Page 101

January, 1925 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW 17 A 3-Cylinder 190-Ton Locomotive Built by the American Locomotive Co. for the S.M.R.

ages. Speed was indicated on the tachometer in the cab and was also checked by an electrical in- strument record- ing wheel revolu- tions. From the characteristic curve of the motors it . was possible to cal- culate accurately the electrical losses in the lo- comotive. The friction losses of the locomotive were obtained by experimental runs. Correc- tions were also made for grade and curvature. An interesting check was made on the calcula- tions by using one electric lo- comotive motor- ing and the other regenerating giv- ing in effect a pump-back test in which the sub- station supplied the losses. A number of runs were made at be- tween 5 and 28 miles per hour. By means of voltmeter and ammeter read- ings, the total output of the lo- comotive when regenerating was calculated, and making _allow- ance for known losses and com- pensation for friction and curve losses, the actual drawbar pull was deter- mined. Although the engine was tested without the customary “ breaking in,” there was no in- dication of heat- ed bearings at any time, even when the speed was forced up to 63 miles per hour, which is equivalent to a piston speed of 1,700 feet per minute. At this POEL RAM RuN 134 - $1 < K Position SPEED 33MPM ; x A 0.000 < us Io = g 30,000 = 20.000 = {0.600 LATERAL. SCALE I= 32.000) YO. Se OVO? .. PUA RAC aca SPEED 63 MPH Otheograms

speed there was no indication of rough riding in the cab and the records of the otheograph indicate remarkable lateral steadiness, or freedom from nosing, a maximum lateral thrust of 5,000-Ibs. being observed. The accompanying otheograms illustrate the track reactions of 5 to 33 miles per hour, from which it may be noted that the lateral rail thrust at 33 m.p.h. is 3,000-Ibs., indicating that the 5,000-Ibs., obtained at 63 m.p.h. represents that the engines have great lateral steadiness at this speed. The rapid acceleration of the engine as compared with the two-cylinder type was just as much in evidence in this engine as in the previous three-cylinder engines built, the full stroke cards show- ing admirable starting conditions. A slight irregularity in the valve setting of all the cards will be noted, but it must be remembered that these cards were taken with the setting just as turned out from the shop, there being no opportunity to make the final adjustments before the tests. Even so, the specimen cards show very good equalization of power under the circumstances, and there seems little doubt but that this engine is the most remarkable locomotive of its size and general proportions that the American Locomotive Co., has built both as regards power and flexibility. It is unusual to find a locomotive primarily designed for freight service, with small wheels and long maximum cut-off, able to exceed the diameter-speed, yet this engine, with only 54-in. diameter wheels, easily attained a speed of 63 miies per hour with only about two miles in which to accelerate. By reference to the accompanying tables and charts the results of the tests will be more fully understood. One of the tables gives the weights, dimensions and proportions of the three- cylinder engines. Another table contains data compiled from the indicator cards and from other recording mechanisms. Still an- other chart furnishes a comparison of the tractive effort of the three- cylinder engine with that of a two-cylinder locomotive having 25}-in. by 26 in cylinders and in addition shows the indicated horse- power as compared with the tractive effort, The other charts show otheograms and specimen indicator cards at various speeds. As previously mentioned the new locomotives for the South Manchuria Railway are of the three-cylinder mikado (2-8-2) type. They operate on a track having a gauge of 4-ft. 8}-in. and use bituminous coal for fuel. The cylinder are 22}-in. by 26-in. and are arranged like those of locomotive No. 5,000. The three pisten

Page 102

18 7 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW

& & PSE eee rrr rrr + N SSERRRSESARS aon fo

: ASS ge Se oe PEt pn ae A Se 34S BEE HOA ee Zee Be ao S=8n222Ee

Eee a See & = 2Sfe>2 SARRRSAS SRS SESE BERS E EEE EEe Efe ER BASZaAE SERRE SLZERSREREES cegaves: 24. see Ghee eGeGGeSenaean | S2BRSRR SSS Sh SRSA SSSA RES OSES RES @GBREELAS, AEEASE SEE SE SEBEL SE SEAL AERE SESE RB Go Sek wasks pam BES RS SE SRERASRSE RASS Chart Comparing Tractive Effort of South Manchuria Railway Three-Cylinder Locomotive with that of a Two-Cylinder Engine

valves are 12-in. * diameter with a maximum travel of 6-in., a lead in full gear of ,3,-in., an outside lap of 14-in. and no exhaust clearance. The two outside valves are operated by Walsehaert valve gear which through interconnecting levers also operate the third, or inside piston vale. 8-in. by ————

ao Bi Ss “3b Pies eS (ae meet -<---<—- CF At, Me me -* ey

January, 1925

The engines weight 268,000-lbs. in working order, 25,000-lbs. being carried on the engine truck, 48,800-lbs., on the trailing truck and 194,200-lbs., on the driving wheels. The tenders weigh 135,- 000-Ibs., making the total weight of engine and tender 403,000-lbs. With a tractive effort of 56,000-Ibs. the factor of adhesion is 3.47. The driving and the rigid wheel base is 15-ft. 10-in. and the total wheel base of the engine alone is 34-ft. 2-in., that of the engine and tender being 62-ft. 74-in. The boilers are of the straight top type with wide radial stayed fireboxes. The diameter of the first ring is 80-in., and the steam pressure carried is 180-Ibs. They are fitted with 245 2-in. tubes and a superheater having 45 53-in. flues, the length of the tubes and flues being 18-ft. 6-in. and the spacing 3-in. The fireboxes are 84}-in. wide by 114}-in. long, with a grate area of 66.8 sq. ft. They are fitted with sectional brick arches supported on arch tubes. The total heating surface of the boiler is 3,695 sq. ft., that of the tubes being 2,361 sq. ft., flues 1,088 sq. ft., firebox and arch tubes 246 sq. ft. and the superheating surface is 945 sq. ft. The driving wheels are 54-in. outside diameter with 10-in. by 12-in. journals for the main wheels, the others being 9-in. by 12-in. The engine truck wheels are 33}-in. in diameter with 64-in. by 12-in. journals, and the trailer truck wheels are 44-in. in diameter with 14-in. journals. and the Cole-Scoville trailer truck is used. The main and side rods are of chrome vanadium steel and the driving boxes, engine truck and trailer truck wheel centers are of cast steel. The engine truck is of the Player type

"~~ a Ee

; Sections and Elevations of South Manchurian. Railway Three-Cylinder Mikado Type Freight Locomotive Built by the American Locomotive Co.

Page 103

‘January, 1925

In addition to the above the engines are equipped with Viloco bell ringers, Viloco double sanders, Franklin power grate shaker, and Elvin mechanical stokers. They are also fitted with Franklin pneumatic fire doors, Franklin unit safety drawbars and radial buffers, Pyle National electric headlight equipment and the Cham- bers outside connected throttle valves. Some of the other equip- ment includes Okadee blow-off cocks, blower valves, tender hose couplings and water gauges, Also staybolts, Ever-lasting safety valves and Simplex injectors. The Ashcroft steam gauge is used with Nathan lubricators, Elvin grease cellars, Paxton Mitchell piston rod and valve stem packing, and the valves are operated by means of Alco power reverse gears. Gibson retaining rings are used and one engine is fitted with a Superior flue blower. The tenders are of the eight-wheel type with arch bar trucks and rectangular water bottom cisterns having a capacity for 6,000 gallons of water and 12 tons cf coal. The tender frames are built of steel channels, and the cabs are of the same design as = used in this country. DIMENSIONS, WEIGHTS AND PROPORTIONS OF THREE-CYLINDER LOCOMOTIVES FOR SovutTH MANCHURIAN RAILWAY Gauge .. ss 4 - ss De .. 4-ft. 8$-in. Service .. és iP AP hs i, Freight Type .. és a #4 zs ss .. Mikado Fuel... ex 2 .. Bit. Coal Cylinders, three, diam. and stroke . .224-in. by 26-in. Valves, piston, diam .. a be oe .. 12-in. Max. travel ve . 6-in. Lead in full gear .. . 3/16-in. Outside lap . 1}-in. Exhaust clearance 0 Weights : On drivers. . _ . 194,200-Ibs. On engine truck .. 25,000-lbs. On trailer truck .. .. 48,800-Ibs. Total engine .. 268,000-lbs. Tender ‘ .. 135,000-Ibs. Total engine and tender . 403,000-lbt. Wheel base : Driving .. 15-ft. 10-in. Rigid .. 15-ft. 10-in. Engine .. 34-ft. 2-in. Engine and tender . 62-ft. 74-in. Wheels, diam : Engine truck .. 54-in. Driving .. ddf-in. Trailing truck . 45-in. Journals, diam. and length : Main e - - a ry .. 10-in. by 12-in. Others . .. a oe oe Foy .. 9-in. by 12-in. Engine truck es a .. 6}-in. by 12-in. Trailing truck 8-in. by 14-in. Boiler : Type Fs ot ne eg .. ... Straight top Pressure a “¥ . =~ .. 180-Ibs. Diam. first ring .. :* * .. 80-in. Tubes, number and diam. Ai 3 .. 245 2-in. Flues, ‘number and diam. .. 42 5%-in. Tubes and flues, length i os .. 18-ft. 6-in. Spacing .. ie + Se i .. #-in. Firebox : Length .. ‘i Ss eA =i .. 114}-in. Width “i - oe re his .. 84}-in. Grate area. . . 66.8 sq. ft. Heating surface : Firebox .. 217 sq. ft. Arch tubes 535 53 <a 29 sq. ft. Tubes me sie is oa “a .. 2,361 sq. ft. Flues sh a = = ee .. 1,088 sq. ft. Total a5 a re Be = .. 3,695 sq. ft. Superheating ne .. 945 sq. ft. f ractive effort . . 56,000-lbs. actor of adhesion , oh THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW | 19

Tender : : Type = Fe te F. .. Eight wheel Capacity coal = eas .. 12 tons | Capacity water es S. es .. 6,000 gals. Wheels, diam. .. te Re ie -. dof-M. Journals =m ‘5 ss = 5-in by 9-in An Useful Propeller Publication Having regard to the number of enquiries which are constantly being received by the Editors of yachting, motor boating and other periodicals dealing with steam or motor craft, from owners who for one reason or another are dissatisfied with their propelling gear, it is extremely interesting to note that a most useful pamphlet has recently been prepared on the subject by John I. a & Co., Limited. This firm having had years of experience in the design and manufacture of propellers for all classes of service in various parts of the world, is in a position to offer advice of a distinctiy reliable nature. The booklet covers in a clear and concise manner the more common causes for dissatisfaction on the part of owners who, rightly or wrongly, have reason to think that they are not getting satisfactory results from their craft. GREATER OSAKA (Continued from page 14) area alone will not make for a great city. There must be modern civic improvements carried out in order to make Greater Osaka worthy of its name. Broader Streets Side by side with the proposed plan of Greater Osaka, the city has a plan to construct broad streets which will run in four directions, in order to relieve the present congestion of traffic. The narrowness of the streets in Osaka, as in other cities in Japan, has been an obstruction to the proper development of modern enterprises in industry as well as in other lines of human activity. Moreover, if a natural accident, such as an earthquake which would shake the city from its foundations, should visit the city followed by a big fire (Osaka is famous for fires), the present condition of the streets is entirely unsatisfactory in affording the people sufficient right of way to escape to places of safety. Already plans have been mapped out by the city authorities for the construction of wide streets, which will be carried out as soon as the funds needed is secured. With the wealth and latent economic and financial strength of the city, there is no reason why the plans mapped out cannot be carried out, if the people address them- selves seriously to the problem. Rapid-Transit Means There is also a plan of constructing rapid-transit means of travel in the city, either elevated or underground, in order to re- lieve the present street car congestion. The suburban electric car lines, such as the Hanshin, Hankyu, Nankai, Keihan and others in existence as well as those planned, are contemplating improving their service by reconstructing the lines in the city. Their plans have not progressed very fast as yet, due to legislative difficulties presented by the municipal assembly, but as soon as these and other natural impedimenta are overcome, means of locomotion to and from Osaka will be greatly improved. The last, but not least, thing to be noted is the fact that the imperial railway office is now carrying out the plan of rebuilding Osaka station at Umeda into the finest railway station in the Orient. Acres of property adjoining the present station at Umeda have been purchased, the buildings standing thereon are being demolished, and engineering work is fast pro ing. Within a few years Osaka’s front gate will be decorated with a first class railway station worthy of the largest city in the Orient.—Osaka Mainichi.

Page 104

THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW January, 1925

: : Motive Power Development on the Peking-Suiyuan Railway By J. K. Wong, Peking-Suiyuan Railway the Peking-Kalgan, and it is not unlikely that its name will be again changed as the line is further extended. This line represents the first piece of work in railway construction carried out under exclusive Soa. < Chinese engineering supervision. It was well done. The following tables, 1 and 2, show respectively the development of the main line and its branches for facilitating the promotion of _ leeal and mining industries :—- | ERI HE Peking-Suiyuan railway was formerly known as

TABLE 1. Sections. Construction Lengthin Traffic = Commenced. Completed. Miles. Opened. Peking-Kalgan... -- Oct. 1904 Sept. 1908 134.0 Sept. 1908 Kalgan-Fengchen .. Sept. 1908 Sept. 1915 135.0 Sept. 1915 Fengchen-Suiyuan ... Aug. 1919 April 1921 149.0 May 1921 Suiyuan-Paotow .. dan. - 1921 Dec. 1922 91.5 Dec. 1922 | TABLE 2. Sections. Construction Length in Traffic te : Commenced Completed Miles Opened Peking-Mentoukou ... Mar. 1997 Sept. 1908 16.7 Sept. 1908 Coal Round-Peking City ... Jume, 1915 Dec, 1915 9.5 Jan. 1916 Tatung-Kouchen, Shansi April 1917 July, 1917 12.3 Sept. 1917 Coal Shuanhwa-Shuimo ... Oct. 1917 Dec. 1917 5.4 Jan. 1918 Iron ores Thirty-three miles from the Peking station is the Nankow- Pass, 12 miles long, which represents typical mountain construction work with sharp curves of 600 feet in radius, steep gradients of 1 in 30 and tunnels built on incline and with curvatures. The opera- tion of traffic through this pass necessitates the use of powerful locomotives. longer trains over the mountain pass. In 1914, Mallets built by the American Locomotive Co., of the 2-8-8-2- type with a maximum tractive power of 54,375 pounds were purchased and in 1922 more Mallets also built by the American Locomotive Co., of the 2-8-8-2 type, but with a maximum tractive power of 92,500 pounds were added. ° The last named represent the largest locomotives in operation on Chinese railways to-day. They were built by the American Locomotive Co., to meet the exacting requirements of the Peking- Suiyuan line and are equipped with modern appliances for econo- mical operation and utilization of comparatively low grade of bituminous coal. These huge locomotives require such a great amount of steam to develop their full power that coal has to be burnt at a terrific rate which is considered hardly economical to be done by hand firing and, therefore. the Elvin underfeed me- chanical stoker have been installed. For guiding the engine drivers to run these heavy engines at safe limitation of speeds upon the difficult track condition and structures at the mountain pass, automatic speed recording devices are employed. These engines are equipped with superheaters supplied by the Locomotive Superheater Company of New York and latest type of the American Westinghouse ET No. 6 air brakes suitable for operating on the automatic system as well as straight air. Figure 1 shows this type of Mallet engines and Figure 2 shows the lighter type. The particulars of the engines so far mentioned which operate on the mountain division, are shown in table 3. Turning to the motive power for passenger and freight service, switching engines built by the American Locomotive Co., Baldwin Locomotive Works and a few from the Tongshan Locomotive Works TABLE 3.—MountTAIN LOCOMOTIVES. Item No. of Type of Engines. Builders ot Engines Maximum Weight in Year of Particulars No. Engines Tractive Power Work Order Adoption 1. a 0-6-6-0 North British Loco. Co. 46,407-Ibs. 216,000-Ibs. 1908 Saturated steam. Air brakes. 2 6 Shay Lima Loco. Wks. 44.115 176,000 1909 = = a », Obsolete 3 ¢ 2-4-4-2 Baldwin Loco. Works. 27,400 163,000 1911 PY % ra ‘s ~ 4 7 2-8-8-2 American Loco. Company 54,357 290,000 1914 Superheated steam. Air brakes. 5 7 2-8-8-2 American Loco. Company 92,500 446,000 1922 ‘3 = “ a Mallet locomotives of the 0-6-6-0 type, with a maximum tractive power of 46,407 pounds, built by the North British Locomotive Company were put into operation on the pass in 1908 and the following year Shay geared engines with a maximum tractive power of 44,115 pounds, built by the Lima locomotive works were introduced. As traffic was fast increasing more Mallets built by the Baldwin locomotive works with 2-4-4-2 wheel arrangement and with a maximum tractive power of 27,400 pounds were pur- chased in 1911 for pushing passenger trains up grade. As the line was further extended into the rich north-eastern plateau, hitherto isolated from other parts of the conntry for lack __ of transportation facilities, great cargoes of grain, wool, hides and ‘coal found easy access to the world’s market, resulting in a rapid increase of passenger and freight traffic which has continuously demanded larger motive power capacity for pushing heavier and with tractive power ranging from 11,454 pounds to 21,360 pounds were introduced, in the years 1906 to 1909. All these engines are of the tank type. Growth of traffic required more speed for pas- senger trains and in 1908 to 1909 Moguls were purchased ; these engines develop a maximum tractive power of 22,093 pounds with 60” drivers. Switchers and Moguls mentioned above con- stituted the early source of motive power for the operation of the line which power was soon found to be inadequate to meet the growing volume of traffic. Therefore, modern engines with greater capacities have steadily taken the place of above, which until to-day are being used extensively for shunting in station yards and terminals only. Table 4 shows particulars of these engines. In 1912, Consolidation type locomotives developing a maximum tractive power of 31,820 pounds were put into operation ; in 1914, TABLE 4.—Switcuinc Locomotives.

Type of Engines. Builders of Engines Maximum Weight in Year of Particulars : Tractive Power Work Order Adoption Tank—2-6-2 — Baldwin Loco. Works 11,454-lbs. 105,000-Ibs. 1906-7 Saturated steam. Steam brakes. » 0-6-0 American Loco. Company 14,344 96,500 1909 33 ren mt ‘i ee SS ae Baldwin Loco, Works 18,800 120,000 1909 ss = i 3 » 26-2 © North British Loco, Company 11,900 83,000 1908 +9 ” 99 99 Bs eee) ze oe 4-1909 3 +s 2-6-2 _ Baldwin Loco. Works 27,360 111,000 3-1920 io - Air, brakes RES ee a os ee aie ape ye | , a tyes & 30-1921 - Mogul—2-6-0 Baldwin & Tongshan 22,093 123,000 f 6-1908 F “ be | 4-1909

Page 105

January, 1925 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW 21 AMERICAN LOCOMOTIVES ON THE PEKING-SUIYUAN RAILWAY sg Pay SUS CRE SS mes. Se Fig. 1.—8-Wheeled Tender, Heavy Mallet Type Get 5 “) ee ae a ef . , ; Sy ee aa ——— 68 tr” Fig. 3.—8-Wheeled Tender, Consolidation Type OT a Meme Pia Cause é . ote TT ey . Wie ~* a 0 semmiannenen 8? pS Fhe @ Fig. 5.—Mikado Type a = nt

Page 106

THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW January, 1925 os 1916 and 1922, Mikado types developing a maximum tractive power of 34,272 pounds were added in lots of 5, 5 and 36 and Pacific types developing a maximum tractive power of 25,664 pounds also in lots of 5, 2 and 13 respectively. Consolidation and Mikado types are used for passenger and freight service and the Pacific exclusively for fast passenger trains. Ali these modern engines - were built by the American Locomotive Co., and are equipped with superheaters made by the Locomotive Superheater Co., of New York and American Westinghouse ET No. 6 air brakes working both on automatic and straight air systems. Most of these engines are equipped with the Franklin pneumative firedoors and a few Mikados are equipped with feed water heaters supplied by the Feed Water Heater Co., of America, serving to show what saving can be affected by this economy appliance. Figures 3, 4 and 5 show respectively the type of Consolidations, Pacifics and Mikados, further particulars of which are shown in table 5. Another thing worthy of mention is that most of the freight wagons and all the passenger cars are equipped with the British Westinghouse combined automatic and straight air braking systems and those having not as yet installed are being considered. This installation is essential for safety in railway operation and is re- quired by state laws in many foreign countries. In China, however, although the passenger cars are so equipped, the freight wagons are not. Among Chinese railways, Peking-Suiyuan line may be safely said to possess the most modern motive power equipment. There are 138 engines on this line among which 75, representing the most modern designs of mountain, passenger and freight engines, were built by the American Locomotive Company, New York. TABLE 5.—PASSENGER AND FREIGHT LOCOMOTIVES. Item No. of Type of Engines. Builders of Engines Maximum Weight in Year of Particulars No. Engines Tractive Power Work Order Adoption 1 6 Consolidation 2-8-2. American Loco. Company 31,820-Ibs. 183,500-ibs. 1912 Superheated steam. Air brakes. §-1914 2 46 Mikado— 4-6-2 mA 34,272 188,500 5-1916 = bs es ‘5 36-1922 , 5-1914 3 20 Pacific os 25,664 184,500 - 2-1916 kn ‘- » ™ ' 13-1922 _———S=-_ eee ee ee —— Restoration of the Works of the Nippon Electric PS Company, Ltd. A (Continued from page 27.) were narrowed or temporarily eliminated and piece parts were stored in the lumber drying kilns to provide the space required. Thirty-four days after the quake the manufacturing branch began delivering fully repaired apparatus which had been completely assembied before the quake but injured in the wreck and three weeks later resumed regular work on No. 92 jacks, making a de- livery on November 5. Other jobs were resumed in rapid succession; deliveries of No. 12 protectors being made on November 13, ex- tension sets on November 16, and keys on November 28. By the end of the fifteenth week all departments which had been in the wrecked buildings had resumed regular production work in temporary locations and repairing of buildings was well under way. : 2 The concrete buildings were demolished to the level of the second floor and proper repairs made to the remainder. Trusses of _ light poles were erected on the second floor and covered with galvanized iron, the result being one story buildings with a garret available for the storage of certain classes of materials. None of the second floor is available for anything other than storage. While wrecking and repairs were being carried on, the space which would be available was reallotted, a new block plan layout was made of the entire manufacturing branch and detailed layonts of all departments were made in accordance with this plan. As repairs to the buildings progressed, the departments were reinstalled according to the new layouts. This work was completed and the entire manufacturing branch was running at full capacity by June 1, 1924. | a _ In spite of their handicap, the Nippon Electric Company secured the orders for the greater part of the telephone equipment purchased or contracted for by the department of communications and the department of railways since the disaster and to the end of ‘June, 1924. Of the orders secured, 79 per’cent., consisted of equip- ment not manufactured by the Nippon Electric Company but which will be supplied by its affiliated companies, 18 per cent. consisted of equipment to be manufactured and 3 per cent. was supplied from Plans for the future include the demolition of all buildings now on the compound and the erection of eleven steel frame buildings, _- each three stories high. These buildings will provide a total gross floor area of 370,000 square feet. By roofing over the first floor in _the light courts the percentage of first floor area will be increased sufficiently to permit of the installation of nearly all machine equip- | ment on the ground floor, reducing the loads above the ground floor and thus decreasing the danger of damage from earthquakes. On the sides and rear of the compound the public streets are narrow and eee eases neennseny annette $$$ — ——————————— $$ here the buildings will be located far enough from the property lines to provide amply wide safety zones in case of fires near by. The plans also include the installation of a complete sprinkler system. Detailed drawings and specifications for the first new building are completed and work will be started during August of this year. British Contracts for the Far East From Our London Correspondent Railway Wagons for India A SECOND contract has been secured by Messrs. Camel, Laird & Co., Ltd., to build at their works at Nottingham, 775 four- wheeled all steel open goods wagons, for the East India railway company. Delivery of these is to be made at the rate of 50 wagons per week. Railway Material for China An order has been placed by the Jardine Engineering Corpora- tion Ltd., with the Patent Shaft and Axletree Co., Ltd., Wednesbury, for bridge material required by the Shanghai-Hangchow-Ningpo railway. The same firm has also recently placed orders with the Metropolitan Carriage, Wagon & Finance Co., for 26-68-ft. coach underframes and 23 all steel covered wagons required bythe Shanghai-Nanking railway. Tanks for India Messrs. Vickers Ltd., are making a number of improved tanks for India, and one of them, which has just been tested on the hilly roads in the Brightside district of Sheffield, has attracted a great deal of interest. The improvement on the older models include the installation of an Armstrong-Siddeley 90 h.p. engine, air- cooled by means of fans. The tank accommodates a gun crew of four and a driver, and has a gun mounted in the turret. The motive unit is on the caterpillar principle. The machine can de- velop a speed of 20 miles an hour, and answers its steering apparatus with remarkable ease. It is stated that it will mount an incline of 45 degrees. New Vessel for British India Steam Navigation Messrs William Gray & Company, Ltd., have just secured a repeat order, to be built at their works at West Hartlepool, for a new vessel for the British India Steam Navigation Company. The vessel is to be of 7,830 gross tons register, with a- deadweight carrying capacity of 12,000 tons.

Page 107

January, 1925 A Big Engineering THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW 23 Project for Famine Relief Drainage Channel to the Sea in Chihli Province By Laurence Impey a>, _@ HE recent civil war which has occurred in northern ~< and central China has gone far towards diverting public attention from the dire catastrophe threaten- ing as a result of the widespread and disastrous floods of last June, July and August, although in point of fact this same civil war has only greatly aggravated the pitiable conditions of destitution which are to be seen in the afflicated provinces. For not only has the internecine struggle absorbed the bulk of those governmental funds which it was hoped would be available for relief work, but it has also largely augmented the number of destitutes by reason of the military seizure of the few remaining stocks of fodder and transport animals. Add to this the fact that the defeated troops have scattered far and wide over northern and central China, to pick up a living as best i they may, probably by j banditry, and it can y) easily be realized that ie the problem of famine f relief during the com- ing winter months is \ going to be one of Bais the most serious that : has confronted the Chinese during the past decade. So ab- solutely chaotic are the conditions on all the railways that ordinary traffic has been suspended for more than two months, while for the same period there has been no govern- ment worthy. of the name functioning in Peking, so that there is no Chinese organiza- tion which can handle the question of relief work which is now so necessary. The only body standing ready to cope with the \ emergency is the China international famine j relief commission, and even this institu- i tion finds itself almost 4 insuperably handicap- ped by present con- ditions. For during 2% confused and wide- \ spread war such as pee this last has proved, it — un was practically impos- } sible to send out /f parties in the field to 2 carry out the neces- f sary investigations as % togthe needs of the

/ ae ; ER Mae ee ae \ f ? 8° Oo -¥-z ®

various districts affected, with the result that the situation which is best known is that one which is in the immediate vicinity of Peking itself, the reports from the outlying provinces not being fully completed even yet at the beginning of December. Then too, the financial difficulties of the commission have been increased very largely, not only because of the drain on the country’s own resources, but also because foreign nations have been discouraged from render- ing assistance by the sight of one faction in China busily engaged in cutting the throats of another, while a third and far larger group is on the verge of starvation. But in this attitude, natural though it may be, the writer is of the opinion that the outside world is at fault, for it seems hardly just that millions of innocent people should be thus condemned to suffering through the insatiable ambition of a few militaristic tuchuns, = who care nothing as to Nie Ps the miseries of the flood / victims, merely regard- ing them as so much ‘ capnon fodder. The commission, therefore, has made its appeal to the representatives of the foreign powers — in Peking, requesting that a grant of a spe- cial customs surtax be approved, notwith- standing the chaos caused by the war, in order that some funds might be forthcoming to enable them to meet the famine conditions which are bound to ensue during the com- ing winter months. It appears that with the exception of the French, all the go- vernments concerned are agreeable to the proposal, and the only reason which the writer can suggest as to why the latter have not yet given their con- sent is that they are using their veto as a weapon to force the Chinese to agree to & settlement of — the “Gold France Case.” As to the rights and wrongs ofthis there are many opinions, and this is no place to discuss them, but it does not seem as if a liberal and fair-minded nation such as the French have - always proved themselves to 7 ESE, Peki SHANTUNG PROVINCE

Page 108

24 be should allow a financial situation such as the ‘Gold Franc Question” to affect their decision on a matter with which it has in reality no connection whatever. Therefore, if and when some satisfactory settlement of this difficulty is arrived at, it is estimated that some eight million dollars will become available for elief work, and it is on the basis of this hope that the international famine relief commission have outlined their program for the coming winter and spring motiths. 3 | As is well known, the general policy of the commission in the past has been to provide relief by giving employment to the heads of families which are destitute and using the labor thus available on projects which will be of permanent value to the communities and areas which have been affected. With this standpoint in mind the executive committee of the C.1.F.R.C. have selected the province of Chihli as being the one which was most gravely affected by the floods, anda study of the needs and possibilities of this huge area was undertaken early in the autumn. Not less than ten thousand square miles of arable Jand were found to be under water, of which over six thousand square miles are still inundated at the beginning of December, so that it was obvious that a gigantic problem was placed before the engineer- ing staff of the commission when a drainage scheme for this area was called for, both in order-to employ the flood victims and also to provide a permanent solution of a danger which threatened to inundate this region and ‘the neighboring city of Tientsin every three or four years. The sunken area known as~the Wen An Wa, stretching between the Peking-Hankow and the Tientsin-Pukow railways, is practically on sea level, and its only protection from flood has been its numerous dyke systems, particularly that one known as the “ Thousand Mile Dyke ” Iving to the north. When these dykes succumbed to the abnormally high waters of last July ‘and August, the whole of this region was covered to a depth of ten or twelve feet by the floods, and it seems improbable that this will ever drain off unless an outlet channel is provided to the sea. A glance at the accompanying sketch map will show what a large pro- portion of the arable plain of northern China is affected by the flood and how vital it is that a scheme shall be put through which will deal with the menace once and for all, for the drainage of the present river systems all tends towards Tientsin, where the channel of the Hai Ho has time and again proved its insufficiency to cope with additional flood waters. The engineers of the C.I.F.R.C. have, therefore, considered this pressing problem from all its angles, and have now put forward a scheme for the construction of a drainage canal some forty-five miles long and five hundred feet wide, to run from the Wen An Wa region across the Machang canal, the Grand cana}, the Tientsin-Pukow railway and down to the sea at a point some fifty miles south of Taku. By this means it is estimated that ‘the whole low lying south-west of Tientsin can be drained, and a large proportion of the flood water diverted from the Hai Ho during the rainy season, thus securing the regularity of its channel and the the safety of Tientsin itself. The cost of the work will be some- where in the neighborhood of six million dollars, and it will afford employment to more than one hundred and fifty thousand workers when in full swing, so that if it is reckoned that each laborer supports a family of four or five there will be famine relief afforded to nearly one million persons on this one scheme alone. Even this will be under the probable necessities of the province, for from the reports to hand of sixty counties it appears that nearly a million and a half. people are or will be destitute owing to the floods. When the word “destitute ” is used in connection with famine relief it would be well for the reader to remember what is “meant by the term in China, where a peasant or coolie household ordinarily lives on less than one hundred dollars a year, “ destitu- tion’ therefore indicating a state of things where the victim has neither clothes, food or firing in view for the future, and . merely exists on the outskirts of some town by selling the children and feeding on the garbage dumps, until the bitter cold of a Chinese winter night completes the tragedy. These are the people whom it is hoped to save this winter if the scheme can be carried out and the channel dug, but in order that this may be done it is first necessary to secure the funds, a maiter which hinges on the pr exerted by public opinion on those in authori- a It should be remembered in connection with this request for the granting of the customs surtax that it is not proposed to sink the whole of the six million dollars permanently in the province ee - of Chihli, for as the funds thus to be raised are derived from the THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW January, 1925 ——-— whole of China it is obviously only fair that China as a whole should ‘ultimately benefit by their expenditure. It is proposed, therefore, to use this money on a loan basis first in one province and then in another, as the need may arise, and it is worth noting in this con- nection that the C.IL.F.R.C. has already expended some hundreds of thousands of dollars in this manner in previous years, the loan al- ways being repaid on time by the afflicted region to which it was granted. In stressing this one particular area in Chihli as needing help it must not be supposed that the claims of others .have been altogether overlooked ; it is simply that the C.I.F.R..C. feel] the neces- sity of putting through one project in full, and they have therefore gone into the matter in some detail, but at the same time engineers and investigators have visited affected regions in the provinces of Hunan, Kiangsi, Honan, etc., and schemes of relief are in course of preparation, which will be put into operation supposing that the necessary funds are forthcoming and that the ever recurrent curse of civil war does not absolutely prohibit relief workers from entering the fields indicated. Here again it is felt that the pressure of public opinion can do more than anything else to help the efforts of the commission, for the indirect influence exerted by well organized publicity in China and abroad can scarcely be overestimated. —_—_—— OO New Motor Ships for the O.S.K. ( Continued from page 30.) pipe, from which branches are taken to each of the separate valves. Speed control of the engine is effected by variation of the lift of the fuel valves, the arrangement being actuated from a lever at the control station, although individual valves may. be cut out indepen- dently of each other if necessary. New Engine Features The engine is arranged in two groups of three cylinders, each group of cylinders being supported on an entablature which is bolted to the cast-iron frame. The two entablatures are con- nected together at the centre by means of a suitable cast-iron distance piece. Instead of having mechanically-operated starting air valves in each cylinder, a non-return valve is fitted, the com- pressed air being distributed to the various cylinders at the correct timing by means of distributing valves operated from the camshaft and arranged below it. Thus there are only three mechanically operated valves in each cylinder cover, namely, for inlet, exhaust and the admission of fuel. An unusual point is that the exhaust valves are water-cooled, the cooling water being supplied to and discharged from the valves by means of flexible piping. When the engine is in the stop position the fuel-valve lever rollers are out of contact with their cams. If it is desired to reverse, the reversing lever is moved, bringing a servo motor into operation which turns the manceuvring shaft on which the levers for the exhaust and inlet valves are pivoted. Thus the rollers at the ends of these levers are lifted from the cams, and the camshaft is then moved fore and aft under the influence of the servo motor, the valve levers being finally brought down on tc the exhaust cams. The starting air lever is then operated, which admits air to the cylinders in a position to receive it, and finally in fuel lever is actuated, which brings the fuel-valve rollers in contact with the cams. The engine is self-contained, the circulating, lubricating oil, bilge and sanitary pumps all being driven at the back of the pro- pelling motor. These are of the plunger type and operate at about 60 r.p.m. South America Liners Orders have recently been placed by the same owners for three large cargo and passenger ships of particular interest. All of these vessels will be built in Japan at the Mitsubishi Dockyard, and wili be of 430-ft. b.p. They will carry about 6,800 tons of cargo, and will be provided with a large amount of passenger accommoda- tion. In each ship there will be installed two Sulzer-type engines developing a total ot 4,500 b.h.p. or about 6,000 i-h.p. and running at 110 r.p.m. Electricity will be employed throughout the vessel, and the generating plant will comprise three 250 b.h.p. oil engine: running at 306 r.p.m. and driving 150-k.w. generators in addition to an auxiliary of 47.5 k.w. (Continued on page 48.)

Page 109

THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW Fe ————— i. tents satin: eee a — —- Front View of the Oriental Library in Tekyo, in which is incorporated the “G. E. Morrison Library.” Erected and Endowed by Baron Iwasaki at a total cost of Yen 1,500,000 New Home of the Morrison Library LL book-lovers and students of Far Eastern affairs will be gratified to learn that after many adventures the celebrated Morrison library is at last safely housed in a modern fire-proof building in Tokyo, thanks to the beneficence of Baron Iwasaki, head of the great Mitsubishi interests of Japan. It is a sad commentary on Chinese public spirit that the name and fame of the man who devoted his life to advancing the higher interests of their country should be perpetuated by a monument erected in another land. The treasure-house of the rarest documents in the world dealing with the Far East and especially with China representing twenty years work on the part of the late Dr. G. W. Morrison, is now located in the Honjo ward of the capital of Japan, forming part of what is known as the Toyo Bunko or the Oriental Jibrary. The Morrison library consists of some 35,000 volumes, mostly treating with the Urient, to which have been added many valuable works collected under the super- vision of Dr. Shiratori at a total expense to Baron Iwasaki of Yen 1,500,000, includ- ing the cost for the present building. The first edition of the travels of Marco Polo, published in 1592, one of the first books ever printed, is in the collection. A testa- ment published in Amakusa at the beginning t the Tokugawa era and many important ‘orks covering all ages of Japanese history, The Late Dr. G. E. Morrison which were treasured by the Iwasaki, also are included in the Oriental library. The collection was begun in 1897 when Dr. Morrison first went to China as a correspondent of The Times. At first, he kept his books in his private residence in the lega- tion quarter in Peking, but later preserved them in the library of his residence at Wangfuching Road, known as Morri- son street. But even before coming to China, Dr. Morrison had begun to buy books, when documents dealing with the celestial empire were drug on the market. After reaching China he systematically purchased every available book on China in every language. The collection includes works on China, Tibet, Mongolia, Manchuria, Kashgaria, Siberia, Korea, Formosa and a compre- hensive set of works on central Asia. There are books in 20 languages, in- cluding English, French, German, Norwegian, Swedish, Danish, Italian, Latin, Spanish, Portuguese, Turkish, Arabic, and Hebrew. Dictionaries alone number moge than 400, including the early vocabulary of Mentzel, published in 1685, giving a Latin translation of the characters of the Nestorian alphabet ; the MS. dictionary completed in 1724 by Fernandez Serrano, the MS. dictionary used by Sir John Barrow, who was attached to Lord Macartney’s Embassy in China in 1793 and a complete list of Turkish books ca

Page 110

26 ~*~ Islamism, presented to Dr. Morrison by the late Mr. W. W. Rockhill, American ambassador to Turkey. The library also contains such a work as Oliver Goldsmith’s “ Citizen of the World,”’ in its rare first edition of 1762 ; first edition of De Foe’s second voyage of Robinson Crusce, in which he came to a and passed through the Gobi desert and Siberia, printed in | The library is more complete than any other in works on the missionary history of China. It is believed to contain a complete set in French, Italian and Latin of all the controversial pamphlets written at the time of the famous dispute between the Jesuits and Dominicans regarding the ancestral worship in China in the early part of the eighteenth century. The Boxer rebellion is represented fully, more than 100 works dealing with the siege of Peking being found on the shelves. At that time the library was narrowly saved from destruction. A chain of several hundred Chinese Christians bore the library from the Jegation building to Prince Su’s palace and a few hours later the library building was destroyed by fire, as were nearly all other libraries in Peking. There are hundreds of maps as well in the collection. All of the books are in foreign languages. Dr. Morrison determined to sell his elaborate library in 1916 and naturally wished it to remain in Peking but as there was no response to his invitation from the Chinese, he reluctantly invited offers from other quarters. Several handsome offers were received from American universities and the American minister, Dr. Paul 8S. Reinsch, but they were still far under the valuation which - Dr. Morrison placed on his collection. Mr. M. Odagiri, head of the Japa- nese group in the consortium and one of the managing-directors of the Yokohama Specia Bank in charge of its China branches, familiar with the value of the collection through long residence in Peking and contact with its owner, interested his chief, Mr. J. Inouye, then governor of the Yokohama Specie Bank in purchasing it for Japan. After having the collection appraised by Dr. M. Uyeda, dean of literature in the Tokyo imperial university, they successfully per- suaded Baron Iwasaki to acquire it for the sum of £35,000. The books were delivered to Mr. Odagiri in August 1917 and shipped to Japan where they lay for some time in a storage godown attached to a villa belonging to Baron Iwasaki in the Fukagawa ward of Tokyo. A cloudburst followed by a flood which covered this district, damaged many of the priceless volumes in their packing cases, but after calling in experts and sparing no expense, they were all cleaned and rebound and except for a few duplicates and ordinary volumes, the library was completely restored. The library then found a temporary home in one of the Mitsu- bishi buildings in the business heart of Tokyo and in the great quake and fire which destroyed many other valuable libraries, the Morrison collection escaped without the slightest damage. In transferring his collection to Baron Iwasaki. Dr. Morrison made three conditions ; first, that the collection should be preserved intact under the name of the ‘“‘G. W. Morrison Library ” : second, he placed no objection to its being incorporated in a larger library having the same scope and purpose and third, that the collection be open to the public and students. In conformity with the desires and will of Dr. Morrison, Baron Iwasaki has purchased many old and new books for the purpose of expanding and completing the original collection, at the same time starting work on the construction of a suitable fire- proof edifice to accommodate the treasures and provide rooms for study and research. This building, located at Kami-Fujimae- cho, Komagome, in the Homjo ward of Tokyo was completed in November of last year when Baron Iwasaki handed over the building site, library building, library, furnishings, fixtures and a maintenance endowment to a board of trustees to conduct it for the cause of learning. This board is headed by Mr. J. Inouye, former governor of the bank of Japan and finance minister, Mr. M. Odagiri, managing-director of the Yokohama Specie Bank, Dr. M. Uyeda, Dr. K. Shiratori and Mr. S. Kirishima. In enlarging the scope of the library, Baron Iwasaki has wisely added a complete Chinese and Japanese section of which some 20,000 volumes are in Chinese and several thousand in Japanese, making it a most valuable aid to students of Far Eastern affairs. The trustees have made special arrangements to facilitate the use of the library by equipping several rooms for the use of those conducting a serious study and calling for the use of many reference - books at one time. THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW January, 1925 Valves for Irrigation Works | ise! parts of the world are more active in developing irrigation projects at this time than the Far East. From Japan and Korea to Java many large and important plans being carried into execution for extending the area of rice lands through irrigation schemes. Several of these, located in Korea, will call for the expen- diture of at least Y.100,000,000 while the governments of Indo- China, Siam, Philippines and the Netherlands East Indies are carrying out similar important projects. Of particular interest to irrigation and river control engineers is the exhibit of Messrs. Glenfield and Kennedy, Ltd. of Kilmarnock, Scotland, at the British empire exhibition where amongst their wide range of water engineering specialties are shown models of some of their larger sluice gate installations in Africa and Asia. This firm, well known for its work in India, Siam, China, and the Straits Settlements, have their own offices and technical stafis both at Calcutta and Bombay. In connection with steel sluice gate installations for irrigation work they not only supply the extensive equipment complete from their works at Kilmarnock, but, as in the case of Badlapur barrage scheme at Bombay, erect it themselves on the site. At present they have in hand the very large sluice gate contract for the Sarda canal scheme in India on the Nepal-United provinces frontier and are exhibiting at Wembley, models of the Vaal River barrage scheme at Vereeniging for which they supplied 36 steel sluice gates, involving over 2,000 tons of steel. Their most recent contract in the irrigation field was for the Siamese government works at Nakon-Nayok. Particularly interesting is the exhibit of the electricaily operated ‘* Glenfield ”’ sluice valve, as used for the control of water supply, merely by operating a small switch any distance away, the current passing through the usual connecting wires. These valves are a very fine piece of work, being the result of many years’ experience in this special section of valve engineering, with a particularly heat arrangement of the motor on the top of the valves, together with the necessary driving gear to operate the valve spindle. The electric motors used are of the same high grade quality as the valves, being of the totally enclosed, reversible type, working either A.C. or D.C. and are much more efficient than the ordinary slip ring type commonly used for this purpose. The largest valve on the stand is a 36” hand operated exhaust steam and water circulating sluice valve. Messrs. Glenfield and Kennedy, however, supply valves up to 144” diameter, weighing over 20 tons each ; typical of which in the Far East are those supplied to the “Tata’’ hydro-electric scheme, Bombay. Other items shown are the “ Peebles” automatic sand washing machine, specimens of centrifugal castings, hygienic drinking fountains, and apparatus for the mechanical cleaning of the inside of water pipes. consisting essentially of an arrangement of knives and scraper: attached in the front of a piston which fits the pipe and is forced through from one hatchbox to another by the water pressure cutting out the calcerous and other deposits.

Page 111

January, 1925 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW 27. ttn sees Restoration of the Works of the Nippon Electric Company, Ltd. By A. G. Jillard, General Manufacturing Advisor, Nippon Electric Company HEN the devastating earthquake occurred on Septem- ber Ist of last year the plant of the Nippon Electric Company, Ltd., included 293,750 square feet of floor area ; approximately 185,750 square feet of this being in five modern, reinforced concrete buildings. Four of these buildings were three stories high while the fifth was partly two stories and partly three stories. The remainder of the buildings were of brick construction, one, two and three stories high. The earthquake resulted in very serious damage to the concrete buildings, consisting in general of a failure of the columns of the second and third floors ; the roofs and third floors dropping to the second floors. In some places the second floor failed and dropped to the ground floor and part of the side wall of the first floor of the two story building was badly shattered. The brick build- ings suffered considerable damage in the way of crack- ed and broken walls but they did not fall and their | occupants and contents were a unharmed. The concrete buildings were occupied almost entire- ly by the manufacturing branch and they represented about 73 per cent. of the area of that branch. How badly the manu- facturing branch was crip- pled and the magnitude of the task of rehabilitation involved may be realized from the fact that, punch press, milling, drilling, x BSE SS eH TS ES SS Be rae aa ; em ; - mee 7” S45 oe started simultaneously on the seventh day after the quake, the wrecking work being done by an outside contractor and the salvaging by company employees. Machines, benches, stock racks, etc., supported the wreckage to a certain extent and formed many pockets access to which was gained by cutting holes in the floors and into which men crawled on hands and knees, passing parts and apparatus from hand to hand to improvised chutes to the ground. From the chutes the recovered parts and apparatus were transported to temporary sheds or to the less damaged buildings where other employees:were at work sorting, cleaning, dismantling and repacking. At the same time accessible machines,¥many of which had to be partly dismantled to clear 7 them of the wreckage, were lowered through holes cut in the floors and were taken to the other buildings where they were completely dis- mantled and cleaned. Un- damaged machines were then reassembled while the damaged ones were Classified according to the extent of the repairs required and partly reassembled or stored in their dismantled state as the circumstances warrant- ed. As the wreckage afford- ed but little protection from the many heavy rains which occurred with unusual fre- quency for weeks after the quake, it was necessary to remove nearly ail ma- chines and stock from the ground floor of the wrecked buildings. . All wrecking was com- pleted in three months and screw machine and lathe, Just after the quake during that period the con- metal finishing, wood work- ing, meter, receiver and transmitter assembly, switchboard assembly, general assembly, and tool-making departments, with their associated in- spection groups and store rooms were all in the wreck- ed buildings, as were the engineering and drafting de- partments and the manu- tractor furnished 24,581 4 7 man days of Jabor. For a part of the time four hund- red and fifty men were em- ployed on wrecking work. 3,536 labor days with horse wagons and 116 labor days with :|moter trucks were spent in removing the débris. ett Had the problem been merely to salvage and re- pairs what could be re- facturing department office. As the buildings look to-day covered from the wrecked Fortunately the plant was not reached by the fires which swept over about 60 per cent. of the city and the losses, though high, were not nearly so great as they might have been. The principal items of property loss were : Buildings i a ie eB .. Y. 790,685 Machinery, permanent fixtures, etc. * = .. 385,557 Material, parts and merchandise .. : 244,582 Merchandise awaiting acceptance destroyed by fire at government compounds ee ue =x .. 251,519 The demolition of the wrecked portions of the buildings and the salvaging of materials, parts, apparatus and machines were buildings it would have been amply difficult, but as the salvage was being crowded into the other buildings, it was at the same time necessary to prepare for the resumption of manufacturing, and unit by unit as they were required. emergency installations of metal finishing equipment, tool-making equipment, automatic and hand screw machines, wood-working machines, punch~ presses, milling machines, drill presses, ete., were set up wherever space could be provided. Machines in the brick buildings which could be spared temporarily were taken down and stored in close formation. aisles (Continued on page 22).

Page 112

28

se es Se ak pire ‘ ie 3 et : ~ sir :- - Rs -< -t

eee eee Se 3

THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW ee Eee eee January, 1925

sar od ei . ce | 03 pee sh

=~ ;

er cae ee NE Ectite u eae LAND SEA . ihe i= . Mh ee Fes: -_ A FLOATING PALACE ON THE IN _The New 1,550-Ton Twin-Screw Diese] Motor Passenger Ship Kurenai Maru built by Osaka Iron Works, Ltd. for the Koebe-Beppu Service of the Osaka Shosen Kaisha New Motor Ships for the O.SK. ®HE first of three new “ motorships for the Japa- nese coastwise trade was recently placed in com- mission by the Osaka | Shosen Kaisha when the Kurenai Maru made her maiden trip on the Kobe-Beppu run. This ‘service, one of the most popular in Japan, carries thousands of tourists and health seekers from Central Japan to the celebrated springs of Beppu on the north-east coast of the island of Kyushu. For many years the 0.8. K. has’ maintained the finest of its coastal steamships on this scenic run through the Inland Sea, and made every effort to cater to the comforts of the traveling public by providing luxurious accom- modations and the best of service. The Kurenai Maru has become so firmly established in the minds of the Japa- nese public with the Kobe-Beppu run, that in building a new and up-to-date steamer, the name of the old favorite was transferred to the new vessel, the old Kurenai. being renamed _ the Naruto Maru and placed on another ‘service. ee The new Kurenai Maru has been built purely for the passenger traffic and although smaller, compares avorably with the well-known luxu-

Palatial Motor Ship for the Inland Sea rious N. Y. K. Shanghai express steamers in point of accommodation and general design. The vessel is a twin-screw Diesel motorship of 1,550 tons built at the Sakurajima yard of the Osaka Iron Works, one of the most successful shipbuilding enterprises of Japan. Her length overall is 251-ft., breadth, 38-ft., depth moulded, 19-ft., 6-in. with a mean draft of 11-ft. 6-in. Although capable of making over 15 knots an hour with a fuel oil con sumption of 64 tons per 24 hours, her service speed will be restricted to 13? knots on a fixed schedule of 18 hours from Kobe to Beppu, or two hours less than the railway express service. The vessel is engined with two 6 cylinder main Diesel engines totalling 2,100 h.p. and three I cylinder auxilia- ries totalling 150 b.h.p. These engines were made by Burmeister & Wain, Ltd. at their Copenhagen works and shipped to Japan for installation. The propellors are driven directly from the main engines, while the auxiliary engines, each driving 33 k.w. generators are used for manceuvring, lighting, etc. The cooling water, forced-lubrication, fuel oil, bilge and sanitary pumps, etc., are all motor driven. Various air rese’- voirs and silencers complete the Dies! machinery of the vessel. Steering is : 7 si B! | : : - ; = F4 CORE RY teen 16 vn =

Three Burmeister & Wain Auxiliary Diesel Engines operating Generating Sets on the Kurenai Maru

Page 113

January, 1925 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW 29

| ™~ - | T i] \ b =) —= eomus ws >) Se eee SCR 70D 606 C0? Ge Ge em GFR Gon eee Bs: if 3 Asie . * wy = kg ila IS eS ——— gti aa Ree e ; : SS=> = =pebyy , _ Ss . r) sm ands at - 5 = .- x 3 - = * ne ee PE ST en rr ree coc eee ek 8 C8 Oo et ee Se Ce a eres arte ee se —) x . 2 ° See sree mor ee ore -- + Liat! das send. aboe 2 peel banana ata, — aaa se ae - ——ee. a+: oe. toa? > = ; ee ee 6.15 OS a LO OF a a 4 a : © ite eas aan gnle ey ; : . ~e’ me Ue ete 88 et nd eee Jeet : pete te e . yg . tc gr +> ~~ =g- o- a “aan st apes s7 “2 7% Bee @:- "7 & —_— gs-- a ae oe eer ae “+ : tS ern nee een 07 ee ee me ee DOO eee. —a~ ee ee eee eh if mace emsene CROENACE OSC fim Tha lime dim pa | rt Ae coe , i z “ 7 oun |v-) = ~ : * eh a ae ee

= af =a cae f = = J = H= fe hata! '@ grasa amcety

_ 4

w 38 cust SL Oe me te

—<« ata ae

3 ts) Boe Z Se Stier artiar igen rae — : DECK PLANS AND PROFILE OF THE DIESEL MOTORSH — = = IP KURENAI MARU done by an electro-hydraulic steering engine with telemotor. The Passenger Accommodation anchors are handled by an electric capstan of 30 tons hoisting power manufactured by Thomas B. Thrige of Copenhagen which The first-class cabins are entered from the glass-sheltered decks, is practically, soundless in operation. and consist of 10 in European style and 4 in Japanese. The former The vessel underwent its official trials on September 11 last are fitted with two broad, built-in bunks which can be used as sofas and was found satisfactory in every detail and placed on the run in the day time (there are no upper berths) and are richly upholstered. between Kobe and Beppu on September 23. In the centre is a washstand with large mirror, and shelves above. ~

Sr = oe ‘ _ se - DIESEL MOTORSHIP KURENAI MARU View Between Main Engines View Across Top of Engine Reom

Page 114

30 and a steam radiator below. There is always running water. A small reading light and electric fan add to the comfort. The Japanese cabins are a replica of rooms in a well-built Japanese home, every detail being well worked out in miniature, including sliding doors and windows and mats. The fore deck is used as a promenade for first-class passengers. The second-class is arranged in Japanese style, with mats, and has two large cabins-de-luxe for families or special parties. A smoking-room in European style, panelled in oak, is for the exclusive use of second-class. Third-class is also quite in Japanese style, but with benches and tables for smoking and social use. The large afterdeck is for the use of these classes. The lavatories and bathrooms throughout are in white tile, and most modern with hot and cold running water. Flush closets are in both foreign and Japanese styles. Baths are supplied with fresh and salt running water. ae ntrance and Social Hall Glassed-in Corridor Main Hall and Dining Saloon . aking advantage of the absence of dirt and smell the owners have been lavish in the arrangement and decoration of the passenger accommodation, and have achieved a success artistically as well as from the side of comfort. First-class is reached by two main stairways from the main deck, being situated on the upper deck and separated from the other classes. These stairways enter on to a main hall, which is also used for a social hall and for a smoking room. It. is in. Viennese style, panelled in figured linen, with overhead lights and also electric sconces. A fireplace in Italian marble, with an oil-painting of a Kyoto scene in autumn above it, makes a central point around which are grouped armchairs and sofas upholstered in ‘velvet moguette: . The dining saloon gives off this hall, entered on either side by bevelled glass doors. This is in the French Renais- sance style, panelled in oak and maple, and windows in place of ‘ portholes, parquetted floor, and electric wall sconces. Tables are THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW January, 1925 for two or four persons and the saloon seats 32 persons generaously. Ceiling fans here and ‘in the hall make it cool in summer, and steam radiators cleverly arranged take care of the winter. Other O.S.K. Motor Ships In addition to the Kurenai Maru, the O.8.K. is building two other small passenger and cargo coasting motorships. The new coasters are about 170-ft. long and have a beam of 28-ft. with a depth of 18-ft. 3-in. They are designed to carry some 300 or 400 passengers, in second and third-class accommodation, the cabins being of the large open type, as is customary for traffic of this class in the Far East. On the promenade deck are the captain’s and deck officers’ quarters, while on the upper deck is arranged the second-class accommodation, forward and aft of the engine room. On the deck Japanese Style Cabin below are the saloons for the third-class passengers, with the crew’s quarters forward, the engine room being amidships. Below the accommodation forward and aft are the two holds for cargo. The order for the machinery for each of these vessels was placed with Vickers, and the two Diesel engines are now completing trials at the Barrow works. A single engine is to be installed in each of these ships de- veloping 600 to 650 b.h.p. at 150 to 160 r.p.m. It is a six-cylinder type, with cylinders 184-in. diameter and a stroke of 27-in.; and embodies the main features employed in the larger Vickers mer- cantile engines installed in many tank ships. The chief character- istic in this design is, of course, the employment of solid injection instead of the more usual! atomisation by means of highly com- pressed air. Only one pump, operating at about 4,000-Ib. per S(). inch, is used. This is driven from a layshaft operated throug) spur gearing from the crankshaft. The fuel is supplied to a common (Continued on page 24).

Page 115

January, 1925 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW , ee sf 5 : Sex: : gale - fo ny d ’ be a eh ‘Se = ae os oA : Tes en 0s 3 Be Dusting and Stalk-cutting Machines The Tobacco Ind ER OBACCO manufacture in Korea was started for the first time in 1903 by the Korean-Japanese Tobacco Company, and this led to other com- panies being established in various parts. At the time the monopoly was instituted, there were about thirty factories at work, those of the Kast Asia Tobacco Company and the Korean Tobacco Company being the largest. In 1913, after the British- American Trust quitted the field, the East Asia Tobacco Company bought up two of the smaller companies and thereafter supplied 80 per cent. of the whole demand of the country. Since the application of the Japanese tobacco monopoly law to Chosen (Korea), the government has taken over a number of existing tobacco and allied companies. The factories of the Toa Tobacco Company, Ltd., the Tozai Shokai and the print- ing works of the Keijo Printing Com- pany have been reorganized and im- proved although these organizations 200 H.P. “ Takuma ” System Water Tube Boiler, in the Taikiu Tobacco Factory Damping; Machine ustry of Chosen have not yet been brought up to a desired efficiency. In March, 1924, a new tobacco factory was completed at Taiku, costing Y.1,740,000. This fac- tory is modern in every respect. The following factories are en- gaged in producing cigarettes and allied products :-— Head Office, printing only. Jingido, Keijo Branch Office, cigarettes and cut tobacco. Gishu-dori. cigarette with mouth- pieces. Taihei-dori, rough cut-tobacco. Seidaimon Zenshu Branch Office, cigarette with mouth-pieces. New factory, Taikiu’ Branch Office, cigarettes with and without mouth-pieces. Branch factory, Shinonome-cho, rough cut-tobacco. Heijo Branch Office, cigarette and rough cut-tobacco. The brands manufactured are as follows : Cigarette with mouth-pieces: “‘Shi- kishima,”’ “ Asahi’ and ““Matsukaze.”’ 125 K.W. Generator and Condenser

Page 116

THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW January, 1925 — a ies Nn petals ACE EAST ines Curling Machines Cutting Mach TOBACCO FACTORY Fo a ABS Brin esse? Sau aloe See Baan ass Ses 2a aw Sealing the Packages —_ aad = < oe Z, sou a aa ea Zz, — o 30 = = Z, iar fx] an oO = “Hirose” System Cigarette Machines

Page 117

January, 1925 ———$— $ a” (Se Shed = -

General View of the Taikiu Tobacco Factory operated by the Chosen Cigarette Cigarette Year with without Cut-tobaceo Rough mouth-pieces mouth-pieces cut-tobacce. 1921* 984,900,000 2,039,914,000 19,230 kwant — kwan 1922 .. 1,645,540,000 2,370,414,000 23,226 93,918 1923 .. 1,069,960,000 2,894,639,000 30,708 676,463 1924¢ 1,170,000,000 3,650,562,000 25,200 $75,000

Drying Machine

Government Tobacco Monopoly Tobacco leaf used in the production of cigarettes and rough-cut tobacco is Korean grown. Better brands of cigarettes with mouth- pieces, such as the Shikishima and Asahi brands, are made of Japan-grown leaf blended with the native products. For the best grades American tobacco Jeaf is used. Tobacco cultivators’ associations, co-operating with the Bank of Chosen, have been organized in various parts of the country with the purpose of improving the cultivation of tobacco and fostering the industry. The first of these associations was organized in 1913, since when twenty-five organizations, haying a membership of 50,000 have come into existence. These associations co-operate with the tobacco monopoly. The consumption of tobacco leaf is given in the following table :-— Year Japan Foreign - Chosen Totel leaf leaf leaf kwan kwan kuwan kwan 1921 .. 118,274 93,956 692368 904,595 1922 .. 184,281 196,595 873,256 1,254,132 1923 . 138,947 211,509 1,493,911 1,844,367 The production of tobaeco products has increased steadily since the commencement of operations under the tobacco mono- poly. The following tables give the total production and the value thereof :— * Beginning July + Estimated. t Approximately 8}-lb.

CIGARETTES WITH MOUTH-PIECES 1923 1924 (estimated)

1921 (9 months) 1922 Brands. Quant. Amount. Quant. Amount. Quant. Amount. Quant. Amount. Shikishama .. 91,000 682,500 220,960 1,657,200 228,740 1,715,550 180,000 1,350,000 Asahi 453,200 2,719,200 819,100 4,914,600 470,640 2,823.840 540,000 3,240,000 Matsukaze 338,800 1,694,000 605,480 3,027,400 370,580 1,667,610 460,000 2,070,000 Shiratsuyu .. 101,900 407,600 ~- ae nae ae aos i Total 984,900 5,503,300 1,645,140 9,599,200 1,069,960 6,207,000 1,180,000 6,660,000 CIGARETTES WITHOUT MOUTH-PIECES G. G. C. — — 180 7,200 150 6,360 360 14,400 Kaida 24.105 361,575 40,728 610,920 10,500 157,500 27,600 414,000 Pigeon 106,995 1,069,950 253,920 2,539,200 332,220 3,322,200 322,500 3,225,000 Peony 35,115 280,920 —— clea ib al Ze eS Melon 177,775 888,875 — — — ak Pees Pre Mako 238,020 1,190,100 1,040,800 5,204,000 722,120 3,610,600 900,000 4,500,000 Pheonix — — 120,620 603,100 — ES aa ie Maple 1,457,904 4,859,680 914,112 3,047,040 1,829,640 6,098,800 1,944,000 6,480,000 Total 2,039,914 8,651,100 2,370,360 12,011,460 2,894,639 13,195,460 3,194 460 14,633,400

Page 118

34 Satsuki Ayame Hagi Total Choju-en Ki-en Flavoring the Leaf THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW Kwan 6,030 9.036 4.164 19,230 Rough cut-tobacco (no brand) Total Gross total Amount An interesting item of electrical news has just been made public in the announcement that the first trains on the electrified section of line between Meester Cornelis, a suburb of Batavia, and the port of Tandjong Priok will run on June 1 next. Following the opening of this section of line, electrification work on the Batavia- Yen 120,600 144.576 51,091 316,267 ce ALR, : ige Sf a oe. eee . SO Raye? Whee a aR oe UNO CNTR 2 ner ee ee ope r SANS Savane PONE BPG * ASM MIS Waseem RENE oF atte SAGES NTRS (ORM SERGI Decay SOU Cut Tosacco Kwan Yen 13,140 262,800 10,086 161,376 23,226 424.176 Roveu Cut Tosacco 1921 (9 months) Kwan Trimming the Leaf Electrification in Java Buitenzorg line will be at once commenced. Yen 14,470,667 93,918 Yen Kwan 345,360 37,890 86,340 7,578 383,250 22,418,086 . : o. % i ine sith SNO SOE A le alee - oo ye ie i Rigs Ere Hewes SY ape wan : ~ pores Fixing the Mouth-piece Kwan * 15,528 15,180 _— 30,708 1923 Kwan 250,242 423,965 2,256 676,463 23,331,320 — Yen 310,560 242 880 —_—— 553,440 Yen 1,668,280 1,695,860 11,280 ——— 3,375,420 Packing Cigarettes ET January, 1925 Kwan Yen 25,000 500,000 15,000 240,000 40,000 740,000 1924 Kwan Yen 400,000 2,666,666 400,000 1,600,000 800,000 4,266,666 26,300,066 New Book by Hongkong Engineer As a matter of interest it may be mentioned that Messrs. Crosby Lockwood, have in preparation an illustrated treaties on ‘‘ Practica! Road Engineering,” by Mr. Henry E. Goldsmith, executive engineer in charge of roads, Hongkong. The work, which has been written with the assistance of other experts in this branch of engineering, is based on the author’s previous book, “‘ Modern Road Construction and Maintenence,” which has already gone through two editions.

Page 119

January, 1925 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW 35 Irrigation and River Control in the N.ELL. Sg AVA (with Madura) forms so far the most important ‘fj island of the D. E. I. and it is therefore not surprising, that, what till the present day has been constructed in irrigation works, has_ chiefly been achieved in Java. Indeed up till now very few irrigation works have been constructed in the outer dis- tricts, though an increasing activity in irrigation matters has been noticeable there in late years. The following general out- line will for this reason almost exclusively refer to Java. The irrigation works thus far con- structed in the outer districts were, as a matter of fact, built on the same principles as those in Java. Rivers The rivers in Java have nearly all a short course, which is due to the small width of the island. The largest, the Solo river, though running mostly lengthwise over~-the island, has only a river basin of 15.400 k.m.? (5.950 square miles). The length of the Solo river amounts to 540 k.m. (340 miles), and of the Brantas, the second largest river of Java, which shows. the peculiarity to run successively in all the four main directions of the compass, to 310 k.m. (190 miles) with a river basin of 11.000 k.m.? (4.250 square miles). The peculiar charac- teristics of the rivers in Java Banjar-Tjajana Works in the Banjumas Residency. Main Canal Between First Tunnel and Syphon under the Meran River are little discharge, sometimes they even entirely drying up in the east monsoon, floods in the west monsoon, caused by the immedi- ately preceding heavy rains. However sometimes there are also large discharges in the first mentioned season. That also, apart from the sudden overflows, provided the position of the water basin is favorable, the water level can remain fairly high, is proved among others by the Bondojudo river, which receives its water from the south-east slopes of the Tengger mountains and of which the waterlevel in the east monsoon compares favorably whit the one in the west monsoon (4—-3). Also other circumstances, viz.: the nature of the soil of the river basin, exercise sometimes a favorable influence on the waterlevel in the east monsoon. The slopes of the Klut and its loose upper surface of young voleanic material is known as being highly water absorbing. High in the sand streams of this active voleano, the water disappears in the soil to appear again at the foot in a zone of wells, the water level of which only begins to drop in November. The Merapi and the Sla- mat are also known as being rich in wells, such as_ the northern slopes of the Tengger, on which a few springs ex- traordinarily rich in water, rise at only a few metres above sea level. As a rule there is however Fleod Protective Sluices at Batavia Head Sluice at Singomerto and Main Canal in the Banjumas Residency: Scouring Sluice in Background

Page 120

sg OP ELAS OOO YO er Watergate on the Tjiwidej Slnice Gates at Wonokromo NYglsSvVa YyVJ FHL MAIATY game (Bid i Ae eit eet Tunnel 2: Sandjar Aquaduct at Leuwikoeja S76! *‘Arenue[

Page 121

January, 1925 THE a great difference © os ne ae between the water ee Bi it ee levels of the east ee path io ee ee and west monsoons, a ee oe even in the large rivers. 7 In view of the increase in newly cleared land being cultivated and _— the consequent deforesta- tion, the rainfall be- comes very irregular, which ~— has been proved most clearly in Java. Details regarding the river basins, max}- mum and minimum discharges of some of the principal rivers in Java, are compiled in the following table :— Approximate Output Per Second by Name of the Size of River Normal LExtraor- Normal River. Residency Basin in Highest dinary Lowest Square Miles Output Floods Output Cub. ft. Cub. ft. Cub. ft- Tjiudjung Bantam 665 35.000 62.000 710 Tjitarum Preangerand | 1.500 40.000 — 990 Batavia f Tjimanuk Preanger and \ 1.280 25.000 34.000 600 Cheribon j Pemali Pekalongan 340 25.000 34.000 250 Tjomal Ka 290 20.000 65.000 600 Tuntang Samarang 240 25.000 39.000 600 Serang ee: 320 18.000 70.000 600 Solo Surakarta Rembang and 5.950 70.000 90.000 810 Sourabaya J Brantas Pasuruan Kediri and - 4.250 40.000 60.000 2.610 Sourabaya Sampean Besuki 462 18.000 95.000 390 The width of the rivers is in general not very large, rarely more than 200—400 feet ; the depth is very alternately, on the lower course of the Solo river at low water, it amounts from a few d.M. to 10 M. and more. The difference between high and low tide in the Solo river amounts to 6 M. on a distance of 40 K. M. from the mouth. In a country like Java, especially in the higher regions, With its mostly loose volcanic soil, its moist, warm climate and heavy rains, the water of course carries along a great deal of solid matter : mud, sand and stones. The highest percentage of mud is shown in the lower Solo river with a ficure of 6 and for the Serang river 31° ounces per cubic feet, while for the Brantas, barring the abnormal condition after the Klut eruption—the last one took place on May 20, 1919—11} ounce per cubie feet is given. In Holland they found in the Maas at Grave 2, in the Merwede at Gorinchem 14, while the mud figure for the Mississipi at New Orleans amounts to 211. The averages of the thud figures, however, differ considerably more than the limits. At any rate for the Solo river, one comes to an average of 23 ounces per cubie feet per year, for the Rhine ,', ounce. Considering that the Solo mud has a specific gravity only 1.35 against the Rhine mud of 2, it appears that the Solowater is about 60 times more im- Aguaduct in the Goengleiding Intake at Pesajangan, Pekalongan Residency FAR EASTERN REVIEW af pregnated with mud than the Rhine water. Should it be possible to spread the mud, carried during a year over the whole river basin, it would, in a dry state, form a layer of a thickness of 15 mM. The Solo river would therefore need 8 months to lower her basin about 1 m.M. According to Guppy, the Po re- quires 2.4 years for this, the Thames 32.2 year and the Rhine 6.3 years. In the lower course of the Solo river the mud contains 6 per cent. sand, that one of the Brantas river 21 per cent. The rivers of Java, owing to their richness in mud, consequently show a strong property to form higher strips along the banks on the lower course after inundations. The larger rivers of Java’s north coast all form deltas, which mostly protrude a long way into the sea and often increase rapidly. At the Tjimanuk delta an increase of 3 K.M. has been observed during the last forty years. The continuous extension of the lower rivers, combined with their high level, caused more and more drawbacks, as the population grew and agriculture was extended, which led to dikes being con- structed everywhere in the lowlands. Nearly everywhere the native population itself, originally started to throw up dikes in a primitive way, exclusively to promote local interests; everywhere, however, the dikes have been built too close to the river channels. On Java’s south coast with its deep sea and strong surf no deltas are found. Agriculture Before dealing with the irrigations, something should be mentioned about agriculture, as far as the irrigation system is connected with it. The chief product of agri- culture by the native is rice, the staple food of the popula- tion. Principally there are two methods of cultivating rice in Java, viz., the rice culture on non-irrigated fields, practically only still carried on in scarcely populated mountain districts, and further the chief method : the rice culture on the irrigated rice fields, which are tracts, laid out in horizontal terraces, surrounded by low dikes to stop the water. This rice culture is partly dependent on rain, but wherever possible irrigation is applied. The rice fields which depend on rain, may turn out good crops, but this chance is change- able and moreover they miss most of the manuring action of the mud and the substances dissolved in it, which are carried away by the irrigation water. = Though the rainfall in Java compared with British India is favorable and calamitous droughts, which use to cause there the periodical famines, fortunately do not occur in Java, for the reasons mentioned above, irrigation must be considered as being of the greatest importance for the rice culture. The rice fields are laid out as well in the plains as high in the mountains (up to 3-4.000 feet altitude, higher up rice culture is not possibie), even gradients of 1: 1 the Javanese manages to turn

Page 122

38 into terraces for the rice culture. The size of the separate fields, Surrounded by dikes varies from a few square metres to an even number of bahoes (1 bahoe is 1}? acre=7.100 M®) in the plains. -. The second largest culture on Java’s irrigated land is the one of the sugar culture by European enterprises. Regular irrigation in the east monsoen, during which period the cane is planted, to be erushed in the following east monsoon, is a life condition for Java’s Sugar cane culture. Very little cane is planted by the European estates on non-irrigated land and where this is locaily possible, one has to do with loose soil and high water level. ‘Where sufficient water is available, the native also grows rice again in the east monsoon, so that from some lands year in, year out, twice a year a rice crop is gathered. Where not sufficient water Js available during the said season nothing is grown on the heavier soil, - while on the lighter soil, so-called secondary crops as maize, cassava, peanuts, soya-beans, sweet potatoes and similar crops, and also, but less generally, tobacco, indigo and cotton is grown. Native Irrigation Works _ Though irrigation has been indigenous in Java since centuries and has also reached a certain degree of development, the native irrigation works suffer from many defects and the natives were not in a position to make use of the large rivers for irrigation purposes without foreign assistance. The objections to the native irrigation works are chiefly the following : in the first place, the mostly primitive construction of the weir in the river, with, as a consequence, repeated breaches, whereby the river bed and banks at this spot were gradually entirely destroyed. In the second place the open intakes, whereby when floods occur, the water enters in large quantities and damages the canals, even to such an extent, that the original canals of supply often turn inte new river arms, while the real river beds gradually loose their _ discharging capacity. In the third place the receiving in the main canal of the crossing discharge canals by damming the original watercourse, while as a rule none or only very insufficient spillways are constructed. The latter two defects are the cause, that the irrigation canals are not only badly damaged, but also that sometimes heavy in- undations occur in the plains. _ The fourth objection is, that in the level districts, very often no distinction is made between supplies and discharges, so that in some districts, where the soil is mostly clayey, by obstruction in the water discharge and drainage, the crops may suffer, causing diseases, while on the other hand the irrigation is also disturbed each time by inundations, whereby the primitive weirs in the mixed canals are damaged or carried away entirely. The consequence of the afore mentioned defects is, that in the long run nearly all big native irrigation works degrade more and more and continuously cause greater difficulties. ~ However a considerable part of Java’s irrigations still exist, especially in the mountain districts, of such primitive works, but at present these have nearly all been placed under technical super- vision, so that these defects can be rectified as soon as possible. Oldest Technical Works; Development of the | Irrigation System Also before the creation of the public works department, which took place in 1854, the government has continuously more or less: promoted the irrigation system. Ignorant of local conditions, mostly without proper details concerning the riverbasin, rainfall, outlet and not having sufficient experience of the power of the tropical floods, the Dutch civil engineers were at that time not always lucky with the results of their exertions, Works, extant to this day. were also created in those years, of which the principal ones have been the works for the improvement of the hydraulic conditions in the delta of the Brantas river in the residency of Sourabaya (the so-called Sidoardjo delta) for a total surface of 48.000 bahoes. : _ This important work, however, did not form a complete irriga- tion system, as it only provided for the main water supply. _ The first irrigation works, completely technically prepared, designed and carried out, were constructed thirty years later. They are the Demak waterworks in the residency of Samarang, having in view the prevention of further extensive crop failures, which in = those districts had already repeatedly led to famine. THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW January, 1925

The Demak waterworks gave the push to and served as an example for further complete technically designed irrigation works in Java. The execution of complete irrigation works has been continued without a break since 1885, though not always with great: speed, because for a long time, many were of the opinion, which sometimes was also shared by the government, that such works would entail more costs than benefits. The circumstance, that in the D.E.I. up to now, nothing is charged for the use of the irrigation water and also in another way on account of the working of the tax system, the increased crops, after the execution of the irrigation works, are not clearly shown to the public in increased government revenue, has undoubtedly led to the spreading of this unfavorable opinion. During late years the necessity of a good irrigation system has more. and more gained ground, which is shown in the annual amounts spent on irrigation and drainage works, which, after a small decrease in the beginning of the great world war, show a considerable in- crease, to fall back again in the last few years, due to the necessity of a general cutting down of the government expenditure. Below follows a tabie of the amounts spent during a few con- secutive years for construction, upkeep and repairs of irrigation and drainage works. EXPENDITURE ON IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE WorKS. | Ordinary Year Construction Surveys Upkeep Repairs elds. gids, gids. glds. 194 .. is .. 5,389,392 448.074 710,323 75,266 1915 .. és -. 4,847,775 329,006 1,079,880 106,787 1916 .. = .. 5,093,431 414,293 1,504,586 143,902 1917. .. € .- 6,294,136 440,383 1,352,326 145,019 1918 <. ™ -- 7,275,126 464,410 1,466,571 185,290 1819. -... int -- 7,696,172 460,875 1,658,456 348,387 1920 .. ah .. 8,500,904 620,115 1,837,780 599,573 ‘3 ne die .. 8,805,506 647,173 1,792,130 498,663 1922 .. sy .. 95,586,682 446,259 2.026042 524,842 General Installation of an Irrigation District The district, irrigated by a river, is subdivided into secondary Squares, which as a rule are bordered by discharge canals, the size of which in connection with this, depends on field conditions. The secondary squares are again subdivided into tertiary squares, the so-called terminal squares. In these terminal squares, the size of which lately is fixed as much as possible at about 150 bahoes, the irrigation water is led on the land to be irrigated, direct from the so-called tertiary canals. From the feeding river the water is led by means of a weir (which, however, is not always necessary) with an inlet sluice into the main canal. By means of distribution sluices, the water is brought into the secondary canals, which divide their water with the help of tapping sluices among the tertiary canals of the terminal canal. The crossings of the irrigation canals with roads and water- roads takes place by means of culverts, aqueducts or bridges. Superfluous rain-water is removed by spillways from the main canals and led into discharge canals. Finally the irrigation canals are provided, wherever necessary, with gauges, in order to be able to divide the irrigation water among the different canals. For the discharge of the used irrigation water and the rain water, an irrigation district is furthermore provided with the neces- sary discharge canals. Required Quantities of Water, Capacity of the Canals The capacity of the canals is regulated according to the crod requiring most water, the rice; this culture requires, that the fields are inundated and kept in such a condition for quite some time. The quantity of water required for this, largely depends upon the conditions of soil ; in the first place on the porosity of the soil, further on the gradient of the land and the height of the ground water, which again depends upon the local rainfall. The comparatively small quantity of water, which the plant absorbs during its growth and the quantity, which is lost by evapor:- tion, which is about 0.32 liters per bahoe and per second during the west monsoon, the season when the rice is chiefly grown, may be considered as practically stable for the whole of Java.

Page 123

January, 1925 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW | 39 It is entirely different, however, from the quantity, which pene- trates into the soil and disappears in this way. This variable quantity is the cause, that the quantities of water required in the different irrigation districts, very often differ to a great extent. Still as a rule a water supply of 1-1.25-lbs. (liters per bahoe per second) for the period of the full irrigation can be considered as sufficient in the plains. As an example of the course of the water requirements for the rice culture, we will deal here with those in the Pemali irrigation district (residency Pekalongan). At the commencement of the culture, water is first required for the working of the nursery beds, which take about 1/8 to 1/10 of the total area to be planted. A period of a fortnight is required for the laying out of nursery beds of average size, during which time for each bahoe of nursery bed during 24 hours 35-lbs. of water is required for the soaking of the dried up ground ; once the soaking has taken place, not much more water is required. This quantity tallies with a supply to the main canal 1/8 by 35/14=0.3-lbs. The time, during which the seedlings remain on the nursery beds, before being transplanted, is about 45 days, which time is used to work the rice fields. For this, also for the transplantation, a supply of 1-Ib. is necessary during a month and a half, after which during three months 0.7-lbs. is required. Afterwards the plant needs a couple of weeks to ripen, durimg which time, however, no water is required. By combining the various main canals of an irrigation system into groups, which do not start the rice culture at the same time, but at various intervals, one can succeed in connecting the required quantities of water as much as possible to the regimen of the feeding rivers, while it is also possible to restrict the capacity of the main canals. The Pemali district is divided into five of such groups, which each time start the culture with a space of half a month, with the exception of the last two groups, which, if possible, and this is generally the case, are worked at the same time. Discharge Canals, Re-use of Used Water The improvement of the irrigation by the construction of technical works is nearly always, at any rate always in the plains, followed by the improvement of the local drainage, while also in the lowlands one very often has to make an alteration in the course of the larger rivers and to dig, outside their delta, a shorter new mouth to the sea, so as to be protected from floods and inundations by the rising of the high water. Also with the construction of entirely new irrigation works in still undeveloped districts, often considerable works were found to be necessary for the drainage of the water. This is especially the case when bringing into cultivation the swampy jungle districts in which it is not a rarety, that the riverbeds mostly run blind. The construction of water protecting dikes along the big water- ways in Java’s lowlands, cannot, as a rule, be eliminated. When improving irrigation works, this asa rule, must be provid- ed for, a provision, which may cause a considerable expenditure, owing to the mostly dense population of the river banks. This circumstance often makes it cheaper simply to alter the mouth of the river. In the construction of the older irrigation systems, ‘the view was taken, that the irrigation water, which reaches the discharge canals, should not be used any more for irrigation purposes. Though this objection was not always based on the fear, that the used water should be injurious to agriculture, one was still of the opinion, that the so muc}i more salutary fresh water with the food- stuff floating and dissolved in it, should be used exclusively on all soil of an irrigation district, even if the quantity of water, available for each bahoe, would be greatly reduced by it. Also it was feared that the necessary leveling up of the discharge canals, when re-using the water, would have an unfavorable influence on the general drainage conditions and would eventually lead to diseases in the crop. Later on this principle had more or less reluctantly to be drop- ped. The population itself gave the example in this instance, by secretly damming the discharge canals in the rainy season, which naturally, threatened to call into existence again the same objec- tions, which one tried to avoid by introducing the improvement works. Also the quantity of water, accumulating in the discharge canals, sometimes proved to be much more than one had imagined. At present one hesitates no longer, wherever necessary or advisable, to use once more the water from the discharge canals into which movable weirs are constructed for this purpose. ; Below follows a table of the total area of the irrigated districts in Java and Madura at the end of 1919: Number of per H.A. cent. 1. Irrigation districts, for which permanent works have been putin use _... oy i .. 803.346 21 2. Ditto, for which permanent works are under con- struction. .. 3 es Senge = 239.417 6 3. Ditto, for which permanent works are being studied or planned $i ee =p -. 644218 14 4, Irrigated land and land dependent on rain, for which no plans exist om re .. 233,000 59 Irrigation from Reservoirs, by Means of Pumps, ete. Very little has come so far of the construction of large reservoirs in Java. In connection with the rainfall in the west monsoon, favorable for the rice, though irrigation is of the highest importance for this crop, the costs of construction of large reservoirs, generally speaking, would be too high, to be paying for the rice culture at any rate in comparison to the revenue with the present native system of production; . This is still less the case with regard to the so-called secondary crops (maize, cassava, etc.) It is different with regard to the European sugar-cane culture, in the interest of which repeatedly plans have been brought forward for the erection of large reservoirs. The condition of the soil is on the whole not very favorable for the construction of large reservoirs. The slopes of the voleanoes are generally too porous for large reservoir dams, for which they offer indeed little opportunity, while in the tertiary hill districts the marl and chalk formations very often do not offer a safe base to reservoir dams, while one also has to reckon with the manifold earthquakes in some of the districts, so that very little has come so far, of the various plans for the erection of large reservoirs. The largest reservoir built, up to now is the Wadoek Pridjetan in the Solo valley with a capacity of 9 million cubic metre, construct- ed in the valley of the small river of the same name, which in previous years, caused a lot of trouble, owing to the sometimes heavy floods and the inundations caused by it. There are several smaller reservoirs in Java, constructed by the natives, especially in districts, where the rainfall is poor, such as in the Solo valley ; they are mostly formed by damming small valleys. Also a few crater lakes are used on a small scale as re- servoirs, as for instance the lake of Ngebel in the residency of Madium, on the west slopes of the Wilis, and the srhall Telaga (lake) Pasiz on the east slopes of the Lawu in the same residency. Irrigation by means of pumps has not been found paying so far for native plantations, but is very much applied for the sugar- cane fields of the European sugar estates. As a rule, the water which collects in the discharge canals is profitably used again by pumping it to the sugar-cane fields by simple easily removable centrifugal pump installations. ; On a large scale, water is pumped from the rivers by stationary pumping stations (of which are many with a capacity of 1 M' per second) to supplement the output of the irrigation canals and sometimes also to feed small irrigation canals which have been especially constructed for the irrigation of complexes of sugar-cane estates, which otherwise would not receive any irrigation water. The pumping of artesian or ground water for irrigation purposes, such as on the Hawaiian Islands is carried out on such a large scale, is — done by a few sugar estates and even then only on a limited scale. Flood Protective Work: | A factor, which is of the greatest interest for all cultures is the care for a regular discharge and protection against tle water, so that, besides irrigation and discharge works, also embankments have been constructed or are under construction. The most im- portant flood protective works constructed for this purpose, are those to prevent floods from the Sole and the Brantas river, also those to safeguard the capitals Batavia and Sourabaya from floods. Finally a few words should be said about the struggle against the unfavorable effects of the material, discharged by the active volcanoes. The rivers rising from the slopes of these volcanoes,

Page 124

40 sometimes change into veritable sand or mud-rivers, which, in leaving the original bed, destroy everything that is in their way. _ As regards the Klut it is a highly unfavorable circumstance, that a lake is always formed in the crater, the water of which is thrown out with an eruption, immediately forming mudstreams, - causing death and destruction. The great loss in life and the enormous damage caused by the last eruption in 1919 by this volcano has led to an effort, which is now being carried. out by the service of the mining department, to cut a tunnel through the volcano slope, which will make it possible to drain the crater. Should this effort succeed, for which there is every chance, most certainly a very beneficial victory will have been gained on nature. 3 Besides the Klut, especially the Smeru (residency Pasuruan) and the Merapi (residency Surakarta), the excrements of which cause a lot of damage, are a danger and nuisance and necessitate continuous watching and interference. The fighting of the so-called sand trouble of many of the rivers, rising from the slopes of these mountains, belongs to the heaviest and unfortunately most thank- less task of the hydraulic engineers in the D. E. I. Below follows a survey of the expenditure on construction, upkeep and repairs of dams during a few successive years: EXPENDITURE ON FLOOD PROTECTIVE WoRKS. Ordinary Year Construction Upkeep Repairs : gids. gids. gids. 1914 901,214 123,885 41,100 1915 790,202 142,131 1,131 1916 $26,516 153,061 120,148 1917 1,018,365 172,710 224 646 1918 2,069,224 198,558 465,878 1919 1,336,957 275,415 252,860 1920 1,484,554 271,630 442 347 1921 1,915,609 241,989 169,749 1922 1,364,621 221,041 28,214 Organization of the Irrigation Service Irrigation, drainage and flood protective works were, so far, almost exclusively constructed by the government under the man- agement of the department of public works, as its technical section for irrigation, drainage and flood protective works is more especially in charge of these works. : ~The technical irrigation service resorting under this depart- : — are, as far as Java and Madura are concerned, to be distinguish- in : _- I. Service of construction (special services) and -- IL Service of exploitation (irrigation sections). I. Services of Construction ‘These are, in the first place in charge of the making of surveys, suring of water quantities and other observations, the designing and estimates of plans and the execution of works of the above described nature. The leader is a chief-engineer or engineer, who is directly subordinate to the chief of the department and who has a staff of personnel (engineers, architects, surveyors, native superintendents and foremen). | Sue Even after new works have been partly finished, the exploita- _ tion of these is, for the time being, put in charge of the construction service, which afterwards gradually, partly or entirely passes into the exploitation service. 3 II. Services of Exploitation _ For the exploitation of the irrigation works, irrigation sections have been created in Java, which comprise in general the stream and irrigation district of one or more large rivers and derive their names from these rivers, __ Probably in due time, Java will be divided altogether in such ae: chief-engineer or engineer is in charge of an irrigation section, _ who in technical matters is directly subordinate to the chief of the | sone og ape from an administrative point to the relative re- __ sident(s).. He is assisted in the management of the irrigation works by the Sioa of the section, in which the irrigation sections have THE FAR EASTERN 1925 January REVIEW been subdivided, and by engineers, architects, surveyors, native superintendents, foremen, etc. Besides the management and the exploitation of all irrigation works and waterways within their district, the chiefs of the irrigation sections are also charged with the surveying, designing and con- struction of waterworks within their territory, as far as no special construction service has been appointed for it, while sometimes they are also in charge of the construction of roads, and in excep- tional cases also have the supervision of small harbors. Agricultural advisors, who are stationed in most of the residences take care of the agronomical interests of the irrigation system about which they give advice to the residents or also direct to the irrigation engineer. The water supply is based on strict regulations, while heavy penalties are imposed for any offence against these regulations. At the beginning of 1923 the personnel of the irrigation service in Java and Madura consisted of : 100 chief engineers and engineers, 9 architects and 176 surveyors. Does Agricultural Improvement Pay ? By T. F. Tung b hee college of agriculture of the national south-eastern univer- sity of Nanking has been devoting its energy to the improve- ment of cotton, rice and wheat for five years and up to the present the results are reported satisfactory. There are three cotton experimental stations of the college at Kiangpoo in Kiangsu, Wuchang in Hupeh and Chenchow in Honan disseminating im- proved cotton seeds to 323 neighboring farmers, which were planted in 1,771 mow of land. As shown from the reports of these farmers, the minimum yield of seed cotton per mow from the improved seeds was seventy catties and the maximum yield, about 150 catties. On the average, the yield per mow which the farmers got with the improved seeds was at least twenty catties more than that of other cotton farmers near the stations not using the university seeds. The improved rice seeds were also disseminated last spring to farmers near Dah Shen Kwan experimental station. According to their reports the increase in yield per mow was more than one ton or one-tenth of a dan. Mr. C. C. Nieh, formerly chairman of the chamber of commerce of Shanghai and now a member of the board of trustees of this university, in his recent letter to Dean P. W. Tsou asking for improved seeds of cotton and rice, expressed sincerely his idea about the good work of rice im- provement which this college is doing. His letter contained the following statement :— “The result as obtained from the planting of improved rice seeds supplied by this college in 1923 was remarkable. The yield was about ten per cent. more than that of the ordinary farmer. We expect to have two or three dan more of the newly improved seeds tested in several places, and wonder if you will supply us with so much.” The expert workers on cotton improvement are Profs. T. 8S. - Kuo, E. L. Sun, 8. C. Wang, T. Y. Yeh and C. C. Hsu, and the one on riceimprovement is Prof. C. C. Yuan. Through five years’ intensified research work they have accomplished much in their enterprises, and if the work is extended to a large extent Chinese agriculture will be greatly benefited. It is estimated that in Kiangsu province the area devoted to cotton planting is more than 12,000,000 mow. If there is an increase in yield of twenty catties of seed cotton in every mow the total increase of product from the land will be about 2,400,000 piculs. As each picul sells about fifteen dollars the total increase in income of the Kiangsu farmers from the increase of yield will be $36,000,000 a year. Then again the area of land in Kiangsu under rice is about 28,000,000 mow. If an inerease in yield of one-tenth dan of rice is produced from each mow and if each dan sells five dollars, then the total increase of income from the total increase of crop (which is about 2,800,000 dan) will be $14,000,000 a year. This assumption is made on the basis of two of many crops that grow in China and is limited to this province only. If the improvement work reaches every agricul- tural section of the country, what a large revenue our Chinese farmers will receive from their work! Is it unjust to assert that the agricultural improvement is the most important and fundamenta! way to solve the life problems of the Chinese people ?

Page 125

january, 1925 THE a th... i ~ FAR EASTERN REVIEW {> Se, a, ee Ne NT eS ‘ oe , - = - ” a eee: : re rr ee 2 eet ~ a. ee et Southern Pacific Locomotive Equipped with Worthington No. 3 Boiler Feed Pump and Feed Water Heater 45,000 lbs. per hour (90 gallons Per minute) Capacity Worthington Locomotive Feed Water Heater HAT the new Worthington combined feed water heater and feed pump for locomotives has proven everything that the manufacturers claim for it is evidenced by the remarkable increase that has taken place in the use of the Worthington apparatus during the comparatively short time that has elapsed since it was first placed on the market. At the present time this Wor- thington heater is being used by over thirty railroads in North America and on thirty-three railroads in countries outside of the United States. Two of the largest railroad systems in the United States have adopted these Worthington heaters as a standard and have several hundred of them in use. In each of these cases the heaters were subjected to the severest trials and tests under actual working conditions and with special reference to different kinds and grades of fuel, and with feed water as found in the different parts of the country. Observations were also made as to the influence of the different seasons of the year upon the results obtainable. The difficulties overcome in this latter respect alone will be better understood when it is stated that in the northern part of the United States extremely cold weather with great quantities of ice and snow are encoun- tered during the winter season, while in the summer, practically tropical conditions prevail in the southern portions of the country. There are localities in Canada where these Wor- thington heaters encounter variations in temperatures from 100 degs. F above zero to 53 degs. F below zero, and their operation is perfect under these extreme climatic conditions. During a period of about four years the Worthington heater has been required to meet every possible combination of these exacting conditions, and its eventual adoption as a part of the standard equipment for locomotives by such a large number of progressive railway systems in the United States and abroad is an achieve- ment that, as far as we are aware, has not before been equalled in the case of any similar class of apparatus. During recent years the price of fuel has risen so rapidly that the engineering world has found it necessary to make a special study of the development of heat-saving devices, and the applica- tion of the Worthington heater to locomotive service is one of the outstanding results of these efforts toward heat conservation. In comparing the desirability for the development and use of apparatus of this kind as between the stationary power plant and the loco- motive, which may be described as a portable power plant, it is Sectionalized Size No. 2—Type B. Worthington Lo- comotive Feed Water Heater and Pump, Front View clear that the necessity for same is by far the greatest in the latter case. A locomotive is compelled to carry both the fuel and the water through which its power is to be produced. Therefore, any saving that can be effected in the use of these materials is equivalent to reducing the quantities of same that have to be stored and carried. Furthermore, this saving also has the effect of increasing the power that can be obtained from a given quantity of fuel and water and to that extent increases the power output of any given size of engine. It will be noted also that not only is it possible to carry a lesser quantity of water, but that a large percentage of the exhaust steam, which in the ordinary type of locomotive is entirely lost by being ex- hausted into the atmosphere, is recover- ed by condensing the same in the heater. The heat in the exhaust steam is also saved, and with the condensed steam in the form of hot water is returned directly to the boiler. Careful tests have also proyen that an important saving results from the fact that the condensation of the exhaust steam in the heater reduces the back pressure of the exhaust upon the main pistons of the engine. The heater portion of this Wor- thington combination is what is known as the “open type,” and does not require the use of tubes like those used in the closed heaters and which have always been found to be source of trouble. In the Worthington open heater the exhaust steam and the water mingle in the steam chamber and the water is heated by direct contact with the same, producing the highest possible degree of efficiency. The pump is of the direct acting type with a special form of steam valve gear which is undoubtedly the most economical-and reliable form in its class that has ever been devised. There is one pump cylinder for handling the cold intake water and one pump cylin- der for pumping the heated water directly to the boiler. Only one steam cylinder is used to operate both of these pump cylinders. In the adaptation of this Worthington combination for use on the locomotive, the best principles of modern practice were adopted, with the idea of producing a unit that would be a model of simplicity, and that would be easy and inexpensive to supply to operate and to maintain. The simplicity of this Wor- - thington unit is a guarantee of absolute minimum cost of mainten- - ance, and the surprising results that are being obtained in this respect are indicated in the tabulations given below,

Page 126

42 _. Amimimum of piping and fittings is required, and the apparatus is not influenced by the accumulation of scale, etc., from poor water either in its operation or in its heating effect. The heater proper and the entire water supply to it comprise a low-pressure system. Inspection when required is a most simple matter, as the heater is not a part of the locomotive itself and every portion of same is most conveniently accessible.. We mention some of the good points of the heater that are most appreciated by locomotive engineers. Where a Worthington heater is used, it is not necessary to fill the boiler while the engine is standing still, in order to be ready to start up. Neither is it necessary to fill the boiler on the down grade in order to be ready for the next up grade.- These things are possible beeause of the small steam consumption of the Worthington steam pump that is used with this heater, as compared with the consump- tion of the ordinary injector. Furthermore, the air vent on this ‘heater is so arranged that temperatures above the atmospheric pressure are obtained. In fact, with a back pressure in the loco- motive cylinders of eight or ten pounds, the temperature of the feed water delivered to the boiler will-be within ten or twelve degrees of the temperature of the exhaust steam. The question is sometimes raised regarding the possibility of oil- getting into ‘the boiler feed water through the heater.. Absolutely no trouble of this kind has ever been experienced with a Worthington open type of heater. .- A cut is illustrated here- with showing a cross section of the Worthington combined heater and feed pump, and from which a clear idea may be ob- tained of the general arrange- ment and construction of same. An illustration is also shown of a locomotive with one of these heaters mounted and in use. A line cut shows the disposi- tion of the connections of this heater in place. Another cut shows the external appear- ance of the combined heater * and pump. In actual service and comparing the actual results obtained with the same locomotive when using an ejector and when using the Worthington feed water 7 | | Sugar es instance of the application of electricity to rolls in the raw sugar industry is an installation to be made by P. Costas, Bercetche & Mosoteguy in their San Martin mill at Tabacal, Argentina. This is the first application of its kind in that country. The plant is already well electrified, but mill expansion caused the owners to extend the use of electricity to driving the rolls, a practice not yet universally adopted in the sugar _. An extension to the present mill is to be erected and complete electrical equipment has been ordered from the General Electric Company of America, through the Argentine General Electric Company, agents of the International General Electric Company. Two 1,250-kilowatt, variable speed turbine generators have been specified, one of which will supply power to the motors driving the THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW ‘ ! : 4 ‘ 3 PIPE ' se | i ‘ ee : 6 a ~ > = = X r . ne ee eee ' : ' an —— ~ Diagram Showing Application and Piping of Worthington Locomotive Feed Pump and Feed Water Heater Worthington Locomotive Feed Pump and Feed Water Heater in Mikado Type Locomotive January, 1925 PUMP THSOTTLE VALVE + * WORTHINGTON FEED WATER HEATER heater, it has been found that the ccal saving per I. H.-P. with the locomotive operating at or near maximum capacity is from 12 to _15 per cent. Another.method of comparison is that adopted by the American railway association committee, based on the rise of temperature of the feed water. On this basis, it is found that the rise in temperature for heavy trains ranges from 130 degs. F to 185 -degs. F with an average of 150 degs. F.. For light trains, the rise in temperature ranges from 92 degs. F to 175 degs. F with an aver- age of 144 degs. Type of Locomotive 4-6-2 2-8-0 2-8-2 Average steam pressuré in Ibs. per square inch 201.6 203.5 173 Percentage of fuel saved over operation with injector 12.6% 14.1% 15% Percentage of increase of water evaporated per pound of fuel over operation with injector 13.7% 20% 16.55% The principal results obtained by the use of these Worthington feed water heaters on locomotives are the following :— | 1.—Longer life to boiler tubes because of- absence of scale and mineral deposits. 2.—A reduction in the amount of fuel required to produce a given amount of power. 3.—Less water is needed for the same work. 4—The reduction in back pressure on steam pistons ren- ders the locomotives easier to handle and more powerful. 5.—It has been found that the saving in fire box mainten- ance alone, without considering any other economical feature, is so great as to make the investment in a Worthington heater fully justified. That these are real and practical gains over locomotive feed with injectors is un- hesitatingly attested to by all locomotive engineers who have operated or have ob- served the operation of the Worthington open feed water heater and pump for locomo- tives. ro ale Rolls rolls ; the other will be used as a spare, both for the roll drive and for auxiliary power. Seven 300-horsepower, variable speed induc- tion motors have been ordered. Six of these will be used regularly for driving the rolls while the seventh will be a spare. Other elec- trical equipment will include switchboard and control apparatus, together with a number of auxiliary motors. - Another unusual feature of the installation is the adoption of « motor-driven governor adjuster. This will permit remote contro! of the frequency of the turbine from the roll room by adjusting the governor by means of push-button stations. The whole grinding operation, is thus under the control of the operator in the roll room. A frequency meter on the same panel with the push-button station will enable the operator to ascertain at any time the speed at whic) the rolls are running.

Page 127

January, 1925 : { ye - a oe 4 4 . Sie | 3 ; * 5 t ie, a i = - & “ tts - \ Pe : ~~ Sa . ° = 7. . - - "6 m San a - ee a ae &» : < Z ‘fee 44 - ee me . =. hw = iw - fe pi ; 7 - at ‘ } 2. FR uj r ¥. 7 =e "- : a ‘““— : — — sf uw: F * ashe = (le & i. reer. 2 = on ef 4 * Ve! re THE FAR EASTERN: REVIEW Generating Room of the Siam Electricity Company’s Powerhouse at Bangkok, Siam. In foreground are two Lungstrom (STAL) turbo- generating sets each 2,800 k.w. with two A.E.G. turbo-generating sets of 1,200 k.w. each in rear. In the background is reciprocating steam Bangkok’s Tramw The Siam Electricity Company, Ltd. NE of the most promising power developments in the set of 750 k.w. ays and Lighting years with but poor results. This company went into liquidation, Far East is found in Bangkok, the capital of Siam, and on May 23, 1892 transferred the concession to a Danish company. where the Siam Electricity Company, Ltd., holds This company electrified the line (which work was completed a virtual monopoly for furnishing light and power to. in May 1894, at a time when most cities in Europe were with- the city and its suburbs. The history of this development goes back to May 1887, when a concession was granted by the Sia- mese government to Messrs. John Loftus and A. du Plesis de Richelien to operate & horse-drawn tram- way from Bangkolem (the southern-most point of the town) to the royal palace. The concession was trans- ferred to an English company (the Bang- kok Tramways Com- pany, Ltd.) which Worked it for some —— ‘Es * 2-4 he ce Es Type of Car operated in Bangkok by the Siam Tramway Company out electric tramways) and operated it for some years until in November 1900 the concern was taken over by the Electricity Co., Ltd. Independently of these developments Messrs. L. de Richelieu and Aage Westenholz obtained in July 1900 another concession to construct and” operate a tramway (the Samsen Tramway) -which con- nected the northern part of Bangkok with the centre of the town and this concession was also transferred to the Siam Electricity

Page 128

44 THE FAR.EASTERN REVIEW January, 1925 Offices and Storehouse of the Siam Electricity Company at Bangkok ee Ltd., and traffic was. commenced on this line in September Electric lighting was first started in Bangkok by a Siamese nobleman in 1890 and was taken over by the government in 1893. it was transferred to an American company, the Bangkok Elec- tric Light Syndicate, in 1897 and this company obtained a contract for lighting of public roads and government premises which contract after certain alterations was taken over by The Siam Electricity Co., Ltd., upon its formation. The Siam Electricity Co., Lid—This company was formed and incorporated in Copenhagen on December 27, 1898 for the purpose of acquiring the concessions, contracts and rights of the former companies and started its existence with a registered capital of £33,400 and with Mr. Westenholz as its manager. In the course of 1900 and 1901 the fusion was completed whereby all the electric tramway and light undertakings in Bangkok were combined under the S. E. C. One of the first undertakings of the new company was the re- moval of the machinery of the two old tramway stations to the electric light station situated in the temple premises of Vat Lieb which latter station the company had acquired by virtue of its con- cession and where the company’s activities are still carried on. In the course of time the prosperity of the company grew and in 1907 it acquired a controlling interest in the Siamese Tram- way Co., Ltd., a company started under royal charter in 1904 by Siamese princes and noblemen to operate another system of tram- ways in Bangkok. The Siamese Tramway Co.’s. power station was demolished and its management taken over by the 8. E. C. and while the two companies each maintain their independent character, the share- holders and board of directors are to a great extent the same and the management is common for both companies, while the current is supplied from the power station of the S. E. C. The company’s offices growing too small a new three storey ferro-concrete office building was erected and the company was honoured by having these premies formally opened by bis majesty the king of Siam on September I, 1916. The Siam. Electricity Co., Lid., is incorporated under Danish law with a capital of £700 ,000:fully paid. Its chairman since 1902, is the founder, Mr. A. Westenholz, with Comdr. W. L. Grut as vice- chairman and managing director. | While at the beginning of its existence the company received its main profit from the tramways the position is now reversed. Apart from the light supply and the tramways the company’s profit to an increasing extent is accruing from electric installation, sales of stores, contracts, workshop, garage, etc. ‘The power plant is equipped. with two A.E.G.—Curtis turbo- alte sets of 1,200 k.w. each and two Stal (Lungstrom) turbo- sets of 2. 000 and 2, 800 k.w. capacity. . Two of these sets operate as single. phase, 100 cycles with 2,000 volts transformed to 100 for lighting and the other two sets are three-phase, 50 cycles delivering 3,500 volts and 110 for service. In conjunction with the lighting plant, there is a separate installation for supplying the tramways sa . . ~~ . . with 550 volts direct current consisting of one 750 k.w. reciprocating steam generator set, one 700 k.w. and one 800 k.w. motor-generator. Steam is generated in ten Babcock and Wilcox boilers of 2,852 sq. ft. of heating surface each at 160-lbs. pressure superheated to 300 degrees. The tramways operated and owned by the Siam Electricity Company are twenty kilometres in length, of metre gauge. There are 51 motor units, of which two are freight cars, and 20 trailers. The car miles for the year 1921 was 1,893,106. One of the features of the boiler plant is the use of paddy or rice husks as fuel, of which there is always a plentiful and cheap supply from the numerous river-side rice mills in Bangkok. This fuel is delivered in barges alongside the power house and fed into storage bins by a system of conveyors driven by electricity on the principle of an Archimedian screw revolving in a steel casing. The method of feeding the boilers from the husk bunkers is by an arrange- ment of mechanically controlled shutters which regulates the feed according to the requirements. As noted above the Siam Electricity Company also controls the Siamese Tramway Company, Ltd., established in 1904 with a capital of Ticals 725,000 (about £75,000). This company operates ten miles of single track line, with 33 motor units and purchases its power from the plant of its affiliated company. _The number of car-miles run for both companies in 1922 was over three million. In addi- tion the company has a large and well equipped repair and machine shop with iron and brass foundry attached ; a garage with agencies for manufactures of several well-known cars and accessories ; and an import and sales departments, with stores and showrooms which mainly works in the electrical and allied fields. The total number of employees comprises 20 Europeans and about 1,100 Asiatics, the majority being Siamese. Important New Zealand Contract In connection with the extensions which are now taking place at the Lake Coleridge hydro electric power-station of the New Zealand government, it is interesting to note that Messrs. Bruce Peebles & Co., Ltd., Edinburgh, have been successful in securing the contract for the supply of the two 7,500 k.w. alternators, each complete with direct.eoupled exciter. The alternators walibe@esigned to operate at .85 power factor and to generate a three-phase 50-cycle current at a pressure of 6,600/7,000 volts when “dri¥en at a normal speed of 500 R.P.M. They will be of the totally‘@nelosed forced ventilated type, the cooling air being provided byan induction motor-driven fan which is also to be supplied by the firm. There will be two main bearings of the forced lubricated type, the oil pump being driven by belt from the main shaft. The alternators will be designed to withstand a runaway speed of 90 per cent. above normal. The contract includes for the supply of oil tanks and strainers, oil coolers with Water taifks-and all apparatus necessary for the successful oper- ation of the plant.

Page 129

January, 1925 a THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW 45 Top—Two Akerlund gas producers which use Philippine coal. Bottom —Two Rathbun producer-gas en- gines, direct connected to electric generators. Right-—-Front of the up-to-date building of the Visayan Electric Company, Cebu, P. I. Gas Producer Power Plant in the Philippines LITTLE over a year ago a 500-h.p. gas producer plant started active operations at Cebu in the Philippine Islands, and the performance of this installation has been so satisfactory in the meanwhile that we feel justified in referring to it, says The Compressed Air Magazine. The plant in question is the property of the Visayan Electric Company ; and the initial problem involved was to obtain prime movers which could be operated most economically with the fuel obtainable from local sources—in other words, equip- ment that could utilize to advantage Philippine coal. In passing, let it be pointed out that the native coal is not of a high grade. On the face of it, it was plain that the coal would not prove efficient if burned under a boiler ; but its chemical composition gave ample warrant for the belief that it could give satisfactory and far better results if used in conjunction with gas producers for the driving of gas engines. Having settled this point, the engineers were then called upon to choose producers and gas engines which would get the most out of the available fuel. After a survey of the market, they decided to purchase two No. 30, Type ‘ B,” Akerlund gas producers and two 250-h.p. Rathbun gas engines— each of the latter to be direct connected to a 175-kilowatt generator. The electric current generated. is for town lighting and for service in various small industries. Akerlund gas producers are designed to work upon the down- draft principle and, therefore, function differently from up-draft gas producers which employ mechanical scrubbers to clean the gas before tt is delivered to the gas engines, The type ‘‘ B” gas-producer is the outcome of wide experience, relatively simple in its get-up, and is cupable of generating from low-grade coals a maximum of clean gas of uniform quality such as is required for the best work in a gas ~ _ truck springs are from Germany, and the air brakes from England. engine. The Rathbun gas engine is, likewise, the outcome of much experience and engineering skill ; and the combination adopted for the Cebu central station has rendered excellent service. The plant began to deliver current to the company’s lines in September of 1923, and has been running well ever since. Philippine coal, mined from near by, has been found to be the cheapest domestic fuel and considerably more desirable as a gas producer than either Japanese or Australian coals—both of which have been tested. What has been done by the engineers of the Visayan Electric Company is striking evidence of how modern power plants can be adapted to utilize effectively and efficiently local fuels which, at first blush, are far from promising sources of motive energy. A New League of Nations Ten countries are contributing to the modernization of the Java state railways, which is equipping with medern cats and trailers for suburban passenger service a section that includes the cities of Batavia and Meester Cornelis. The United States, India, Holland, France, Belgium, Cuba, “Switzerland,= Canada, Germany and England are furnishing material for the work,» The United States is contributing the major part of the electrical equipment, the rubberoid for the roofs, the devices for coupling in emergency to the existing steam trains, the vestibule buffers, the pneumatic door opening mechanisms, and the car seats. ° The General Electric Company.of Antérica is éleetrically. equip- ping ten of thecars. India is furnishing the teak wood for the roofs. France is contributing the wood for the floors,*: The all-steel bodies are being built in Holland. The window glass, wheels and axles a . om Belgium, and the mahogany for interior trim from Cuba. Switzerland is supplying the wiring devices, and Canada the asbestos linings. The

Page 130

46 THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW January, 1925 Ped any ® ~e> reg! Private Railway Siding of the Malayan Collieries, Ltd., at Batu Arang, F.M.S. Malayan Collieries Ltd. Notes on Batu Arang Colliery Paper Read Before the Engineering Association of Malaya By James Barr, B.E., M.I.M.M. (Aust.), M. Am. 1.M.M.E. HE property, consisting of 8,660 acres held under min- (7 ing lease, is situated in the Mukim of Rawang, dis- i € trict of Ulu Selangor, and the mine itself is distant three-quarters of a mile from the Kuang-Batang Berjuntai government railway, to which it is connected = by a private siding, the traffic over which is carried out by the company’s locomotives. It is not certain that coal exists under the whole of the leases, but. known reserves amount to approximately thirty million tons. Three seams probably exist, but only two are being worked. All coal despatched is weighed by the F.M.S. railways on their weighbridge, situated near the colliery screens. The average output at the present time is 24,000 tons per month. This can he trebled, should the demand for coal ever warrant the increase. The output comes in about equal proportions from the underground workings and the open casts. The coal might be called an advanced lignite. It is pitch black in color, hard when freshly mined, and breaks with a con- The Malayan Collieries and the Village of Batu Arang, F.M.S. Nine Years Ago this was Virgen Jungle choidal fracture. the calorific value of the screened coal is 11.000 B.T.U. output is marketed in three sizes: screened, unscreened, smails. | The coal comes from the mine in tubs, holding 12 ewts., and these pass through a head Wrightson rotary tippler, and dis- charge on to a bar screen 16-ft. long by 6-ft. wide, with bars spaced 1} inches apart. The screened product falls directly into railway wagons, and the smalls into a hopper, from which they are easily transferred to the wagons below. The specific gravity varies from 1.2 to 1.3, and The and Working Plant The working plant falls naturally under the two headings of surface, and underground. As machine mining is not necessary, and therefore not practised, the underground plant is limited in character, and consists of pumping machinery, and havlage ma- chinery only.

Page 131

January, 1925 ~ ‘The surface equipment is rather more elaborate, and includes the following :-— Boiler House.—Containing four Babcock and Wilcox horizontal type water tube boilers, two of 2,531 sq. feet heating surface, and two of 2,010 sq. feet. Each fitted with mechanical chain grate stoking plant, and working at a pressure of 160-lbs. per sq. inch. An induced draught fan was originally installed, but it was found unnecessary, and was dismantled. Two main boiler feed pumps of the turbine type, electrically driven, and two steam-driven Worthington pumps kept as standby. Feed water tank of brick, capacity 30,000 gallons. Steel chimney stack, on a brick foundation. It is 9-ft. 3-in. diameter, by 130-ft. high. ‘ Power House.—Power house of brick, containing three 300 k.w. sets, by Mather & Platt, 500 volts, direct current, compound wound dynamos, with commutating poles. These are direct driven by Browett and Lindley high-speed compound engines. The switchboard is hy Erskine Heap & Co. Lighting is provid«d for by a 16 k.w. motor generator, 500 to 100 volts. All motors are compound wound, with commutating poles, and are fitted with Brock-Hirst special type of mining starters, with overload and no volt releases. All cables carrying main current to the mines, workshops, etc.., ate special tropical, twin core, paper insulated lead covered, and are laid below ground in bitumen in stoneware troughing. The cables in the mine itself are of similar type, but are armored with steel wire, and suspended from timbers. Workshops.—Of brick, with galvanized iron roofing. They are equipped with the following :— One 14-in. centre, lathe. One 10 inch centre, lathe. One panching and shearing machine. One planing machine. One radial drilling machine. One screwing machine. Grinders. Blacksmithing outfits. Ventilating-fans. —The main fan is a “ Sirocco,”’ 98 inches diameter, capable of passing 200,000 cubic feet of air per minute against a 4-inch water gauge. It is rope driven by a 200 b.h.p. motor. The smaller fan, which is kept as a standby, is of the “Turbon ” type, 36 inches in diameter, capable of delivering 20,000 feet of air per minute, and is direct driven by a 25 h.p. motor. Hydraulic Stow- age Pumps.—As ad- juncts to the under- ground stowage plant there are on the surface two centrifugal pumps, 8 inch delivery, 1,100 gallons per minute ; direct driven by Mather and Platt motors. tailway Sidings.—Apart from the siding connecting with the government railway, there are in use 3} miles of colliery sidings, and this length will soon be considerably extended. Brickmaking Plant.—Plastic type, capable of turning out 1,000 bricks per hour. Stores Buildings.—These are of brick, and are 105-ft. by 60-ft., and 105-ft. by 30-ft., respectively. _ Open Casts.—The open casts are equipped with portable boilers, small haulage winches, and side tipping trucks. This is anything -but an ideal arrangement, but it has to be remembered that opencasting was started at a time when people were fortunate in being able to get any kind of plant, good, bad, or indifferent. The existing equipment has. always been looked upon as a stop gap. It has served its purpose, and will shortly be replaced by something More efficient. THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW Malayan Collieries at Batu Avang, F.M.S. 47 Bungalows.—Eleven bungalows, of comfortable design, ac- commodate the staff ; and a small club house and tennis court are also provided. Underground Approximate sections of the two seams being worked are as follows :— | Tor SEAM. Roof .. gz z3 .. Shale. Coal es oe. oy ,. 14S. O-n,. Clay parting a 9-in. Coal te ne 7-ft. 0-in. Carbonaceous shale 6-ft. 9-in. Coal Ze 7-ft.. 0-in. Clay parting 2-in. Coal st 9-ft. O-in. Bortrom SEAM. Roof .. Shale. Coal .. 25-¥t. 0-an. Both outcrop at the surface, and dip at an angle of 14 deg. They have been attacked by inclined galleries, variously known as slopes, tunnels, inclined shafts, ete. Rails are laid in these slopes, and the coal is hauled through them in tubs by means of saulage winches, geared 3 to 1, with cylinders 12 inches in diameter, by 18 inches stroke. Mining Methods.—Until two years ago the system of working employed was that of ordinary bord and pillar. In the bord and pillar system of mining the area to be worked is divided into small districts, or blocks, by main entries or levels, and cross entries, or headings. The coal in each block is mined by turning off from the headings at stated intervals a number of bords, orrooms. The blocks of coal left between the bords, or rooms, are known as pillars. In ordinary practice these pillars are recovered; usually soon after the bords have been driven in a certain dis- tance, but in special circumstances only after the bords have reached the boundary of the property. The thickness of the pillars to be left in the first working is determined. by several factors, such as the nature of the roof, the thickness of the overhead cover, the thickness and nature of the coal seam. Generally speaking, the gre-.er the cover, and the thicker the seam, the greater must be the width of the pillar. At Batu Arang, the seam being very thick, extra large pillars had to be left; but when the time came for their removal a most disconcerting factor obtruded itself. This was the liability of the coal to spontaneous combustion. It is obvious that when pillars are extracted, the roof being left unsupported must fall, and at this colliery nearly every fall of roof was accompanied by an outbreak of fire. The situation was rather a difficult one. Either the pillars had to be left intact, and 70 per cent. of the coal left behind, or they were to be taken out at the risk of serious fires, which in turn meant either partial dislocation or entire stoppage of output. Tae : Both positions were untenable, and a way out had to be found. This was discovered in hydraulic stowage, which, in other words, means the replacement of coal extracted by sand sluiced into the depleted workings. | The natural concomitant of hydraulic stowage is the longwall system of working and to-day our method is longwali and hydraulic

Page 132

ee | THE FAR EASTERN REVIEW stowage. or the time being attention is concentrated on winning _ the coal left in the pillars of the old workings, and practically the ‘whole of it is being recovered. In the longwall system as usually practised all the coal is extracted, and the roof allowed to fall or cave over a partially or wholly packéd goaf, haulage roads being maintained through the caved area by means of packs built along their sides. In general, longwall is not usually applicable to thick seams, but here, through having command of large quantities of sand, we can apply longwall to a thick seam, for we are able to thoroughly fill the goaf, or empty spaces ; and so control the roof settlement that the danger of fires is very considerably lessened, if not altogether eliminated. Hydraulic stowage has certainly enabled us te obtain a high percentage of extraction, and thereby prevented wastage of a national asset, butit is an expensive process, as will be evident when it is remembered that the sand has to be mined, transported from a distance, sluiced underground, and the excess water pumped to the surface. The following brief description of the round of operations will help to convey some idea of how the system works :— The sand is mined by an ordinary gravel pumping plant at Kundang, and transported by rail to the colliery. Arrived there, the wagons are run over the top of, and are emptied direct into, sand bunkers. These sand bunkers are rectangular, brick lined excavations, divided into two parts by a curved retaining wall. One part is the sand bunker proper, and the other the receiving and mixing chamber. The bunker has a sloping bottom, about.1 in 4, down which the sand is flushed through narrow vertical openings in the retaining walls into the receiving and mixing chamber. This chamber is built over a shaft, down which is carried the pipe which conveys the mixed sand and water into the underground workings. In the mixing chamber water is added, to give the sand the required consistency. Depending upon the distance the mixture has to be carried the consistency varies from one of sand to six of water, up to one of sand to ten of water. Normally 1,000 yards of sand can be eonveyed from the bunkers and stowed in the workings in eight ~hours. The stowage pipes are 5 inches in diameter, and the wear and tear on them is surprisingly smali.. The bends naturally suffer most in this respect, and they are of special design. All pipes are turned periodically, to distribute the wear. The place to be filled with sand is barricaded off by means of props between the roof and floor. Stretched round these props from top to bottom are strips of cheap Hessian cloth. This cloth has sufficient strength to keep back the sand, but its loosely woven structure allows the water to escape quite freely. The escaping water is made to travel as long a distance as possible before arriving at the pump sump. Interposed in its course are several silt, or settling pits, so arranged that one-half can remain in service while the other half is beg cleaned out. Arrived at the main sump the now comparatively clean water is pumped to the surface by means of two eight inch, direct driven, centrifugal pumps, by Mather and Platt ; each capable of delivering 1,100 gallons per minute, against a head of 500 feet. ‘Handling the Product.—The coal, after being broken down, | is filled into tubs which are brought along the face. The filled tubs are pushed out to haulage ways, or “jig planes ” and jigged down to the level. These jig planes are simply self-acting inclines, operated by a pulley fixed to a prop. at the head of the jig, the descending full tub raising the empty one. Arrived at the level, the loaded tubs are drawn by storage battery locomotive to the main “ Flat,” or assembling sidings, whence they are raised to the surface in rakes of eleven at a time, up the slope, or engine plane, already mentioned. New Motor Ships for the O.S.K. ( Continued from page 24.) These auxiliary engines are of the airless-injection Diesel type recently developed by Sulzers, operating on the two-cycle principle and being very simple in design owing to the complete absence of mechanically operated valves. Ample provision is to be made in the engine-room for a supply of manceuvring air, and there will be two auxiliary manceuvring compressors, each driven by a 140-h.p. electric motor. The machinery for two of the ships will be built by Sulzers in Switzerland, but that for the third vessel will be con- structed at the Mitsubishi Dockyard under licence. When com- pleted these ships will be placed on the Japanese-South American run. iia i ns ee | = january, 1925 SHANGHAI ENGINEERING OFFICE Ne. 4 AVE. EDWARD VII #— ‘SULZER HIGHLIFT CENTRIFUGAL PUMP; Diese toed: > ae ce: ved 5 “4 # at = fexip aH ii Key tr Ske Uniflow Steam Engines, Upright Water-tube Boilers, HIGH AND LOWLIFT CENTRIFU- GAL PUMPS, Fans and Ventilators for all pur- poses, Fire Engines, Stationary and Marine Diesel Engines, Airless Injection Diesel Engines, Ice and Refrigerating Plants, Maag Gears and Maag Gear Planing Machines. SH ee eb HABA NRM HRY APR SUB App D. —— BUHLER BROTHERS Engineering Works and Foundries UZWIL (SWITZERLAND) Employees abt. 2,000 Established 1860 7 psa Sa Our Works zt Uzwil, Switzerland SPECIALITIES: Crushing and Breaking Machinery Brick and Tile Making Plants Silico-Calcareous Brick Works Chocolate and Cocoa-Factories Paste-Goods Factories Breweries and Malteries Briquetting Plants Powder and Celluloid-Presses Rice-Mills Roller Mills for Soap and Paint Manufacture “‘ Duplex” Newspaper Printing Presses Conveying Plants of every kind Portland Cement Works Saw-Mill and Woodworking Machinery | For particulars apply to the z Far Eastern Offices BUHLER BROTHERS a: P. O. Box 227 HARBIN (Manchuria), Kitaiskaya Street 59 7 a ——— a re -—~_