The Carpenter (October, 1924)

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ame ea i ae a a WL WALORON 757 ROUTE 4 SG BURNSIDE CONN [IM IRN il America, at 222 E. igan St., Indianapolis, Ind. One Dollar per year. En- tered as second-class mat- ter, Julv 22, 1915, at the Post Office of Indianapolis, Ind., under Act of Congress, Aug. 24. 1912. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for in Section 11038. Act of Oc- tober 3, -1917.. authorized on July 8, 1918. Volume XLIV, No, 10. SAN Men ue Ltt 3 oo I a Hh ro) wt \ NN = 4 ~ ye —— WW LIN In A” \\ 4, ; —o——— a AS ——' — SS aS < | y | | | i | | | laa , fobs jj i we seth aa ib Fide’ ae EOIN Fee wt oe | or | Za 1] / f : { is LAE rape \ a area Si th type : A j jibe, = \\ | pee} - r Lg, . ins ¢ Hf (1 oe a i HANNE Vi ee : f ld tie } boyy

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—_ 2 "How Sheetrock makes good walls quickly Ques. How does Sheetrock save building time? Ans. Because it comes in broad, rigid sheets all ready to be nailed to ~ the joists and studs. It goes up quickly and easily. Trim and decoration immediately follow erection. Ques. How are supports spaced for Sheetrock? Ans. Set studding, joists and furring strips on standard 16-inch cen- ters. Insert headers wherever wall-lengths and ceiling-lengths exceed Sheetrock lengths. For best.results, all supports must stand straight and even. | Ques. How is a Sheetrock job started? Ans. The ceiling is erected first, placing the sheets parallel with the joists. Sheetrock is applied full length up and down on all walls. Ques. Will Sheetrock stand a “‘blow torch test’’? Ans. Yes, because it is made from gypsum rock—not wood, pulp or paper. The Underwriters’ Laboratories have tested and approved Sheetrock for fire-resistance. Ques. Where is Sheetrock being used? Ans. Because of its quick application, permanence and economy, Sheetrock is being used in new buildings of all types; for lin- ing attics, cellars and garages; repairing old walls; for partitions . in offices and stores. Let the = setoe Time Book tell you in detail ote: ‘ how to make wall and ceiling jobs you will be proud of. Sent free. Mail this coupon now. PNate DD SIiATES GYPSUM COMPANY GENERAL OFFICES: Dept. 1,205 West Monroe Street, Chicago, Il. Reg. U.S. Pat. Off. reson en esas The FIREPROOF WALLBOARD Mail this coupon today ‘United States Gypsum Company Dept. [ , 205 West Monroe St., Chicago, Ill. Send my SHEETROCK Time Book to: (Name) @eniplee Aas a a eS SS Sheetrock is inspected and approved by the Underwriters’ Bs a a6 ge ~

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Peer Scere stHEH a8 tae HHH Hy 3 HH HE ai See eee, fat life of | Plate Glass depends on is” settin¢e Plate glass today is far too expensive to gamble on methods of setting. The methods which obtained a generation ago are not now considered “in the running.” Far-seeing business men do not take chances and archi- tects, contractors and builders know that there are ways and means at hand to circumvent the destructive action of wind pressure, vibra- tion, distortion and shocks. which under old conditions would have meant ruin. The Zouri method, approved by the Under- writers Laboratories, adds to the years of service of any plate glass window. It stands for a well defined economy and is an excellent preventative of waste. Specify Zouri. It means maximum protec- tion, not theoretical, but proved by the sat- isfactory service of Zouri windows in the finest buildings in the land. Write for our big illustrated catalogue. ae | 508 East I End 1 Ave. fe page Fe ee ee me Factory and General Offices setts CEEEEEEEESEEEEER TEEPE EEE EEE é en : a secuesecs ae lait ae SAFETY METAL STORE FRONTS prevent glass breakage during installation or from distortion after the glass is in- stalied. Murnane Self-Adjusting Setting Blocks’ bring the glass into firm and even con- tact with the full face of the rigid rab- bet Zouri Key-Set construction holds it 1Te. In Zouri sash the glass is held in place by indirect screw pressure—more certain and perfectly safe. There’s a distributor near you who will give you full details without obligation. Ask us for his name. Chicago Heights, “

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When a carpenter grasps the handle of a SIM- ONDS SAW his mechanical instinct and ex- perience tells him it’s a fine saw. If he tests it he will at once observe the high grade crucible steel from which it is made. It’s this steel qual- ity that makes Blue Ribbon Line Saws hold their cutting-edge longer. This edge-hold- ing quality is not found in saws made of the ordinary steel. Simonds saws hang correctly, are ground closer to gauge and therefore hang lighter in the hand. By careful heat treatment perfect. spring temper is given Simonds blades. Ask your Hardware Dealer to show you the Simonds Blue Ribbon Line Hand Saws. Car- penters everywhere are using them. You’ll want one, or maybe more, too. Simonds Saw and Steel Co. “The Saw Makers’ FITCHBURG, MASS. CHICAGO, ILL, NEW ORLEANS, LA. LONDON, ENGLAND SEATTLE, WASH, DETROIT, MICH, LOCKPORT, N. Y. PORTLAND, ORG. MONTREAL, QUE. NEW YORK CITY MEMPHIS, TENA. SAN FRANCISCO, CAL, VANCOUVER, B, ©. ST. JOHN, N. B, ¢

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- yt co ec FREE—25c Book on Wood Finishing " ee == Johnson’s Wood Dye comes in all sizes from half pints to gal- fons. Among the seventeen shades are: 28 Light Mahogany (29 Dark Mahogany {27 wrown “ Mahogany ' (23 Dark Oak {26 Light Oak 124 Golden ; Oak 410 Bog Oak 434 Walnut It. Tells How to finish soft and hardwoods. How to stain wood artistically. / JOHNSONS * Woop DYE How to remove old paint and varnish. How to secure a beautiful enamel inish. j \ Our book gives complete instructions for finishing all wood—hard or soft—old or new. Tells how inexpensive soft wood such as pine, cypress, birch, ete., may be finished so they are as beautiful and artistic as hard wood. Bxplains just what materials to use and how to apply them. This book is the work of experts—beautifully illustrated in color—gives covering capacities—includes color charts, etc. JOHNSON’S wooD DYE Penetrating Johnson’s Wood Dye has many uses, for Johnson’s Wood Dye is easy to apply—it both the artisan and amateur. Architects dries in four hours and will not rub off or and contractors specify it for coloring smudge—penetrates deeply, bringing out woodwork and flooring in new buildings. the beauty of the grain. Made in seventeen. Pamters and, decorators use it with equal popular shades which may be easily light- satisfaction on new and old woodwork of ened or darkened. Full directions on label. all kinds. Manual training teach- tee HS A A ers und pupils use it for finish- eee TE ae ee ing their models. Upholsterers, If no store in your locality has a: Johnson Service: Fisnitave.‘rebal d -eabinet Department, ma‘! this coupon to us. pairers an makers find it “just the thing’ DEALER’S NAME -~..---.. ween er nnwne ene wenenwne for their work—old and new. Your Name... <s.c-scckewew wee rweceeeennceenen Address ee ee ee ee ee ee Ow oe ee Oe et fee eee ee mee ne enn enee City and State._.......-_... Sale rs chee: eaten Beaute = Mail to eS " MS. G. JOHNSON & SON, Dept. C. 10, RACINE, WIS. — S.C. Johnson & Son, Racine, Wis. “The Wood! inishing Authorities”’

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Level «¢ Plumb Like‘Big Builders Own Your Own-Make More Money This instrument will add immeasurably to your efficiency and put you in the big builder class— will do more to increase your business, income and prestige than any investment you ever made. The Aloe Convertible Level is the world’s best—a combination of both level and transit and quickly converted to either. Very accurate—satisfies the most exacting—yet so simple — anyone can use it. Aloe Convertible Level s { Transit-Combined ee . . pane EFFICIENCY Discard old, in- & accurate methods. | Don’t rent an in- k® strument;don’t hire §& others to level and @ plumb; dv it your- self, faster, better and save money. UTILITY | You can use it for leveling foundations, walls, piers or streets— | to min straight lines for s ditches—boundary lines for fences—surveying lots and fields—plumting walls, shafts and pillars. ACCURACY An instrument of ut- i most precision. Takes sights either above or be- low the horizontal. Prac- tical for a hundred uses. You Learn To Use it In An Hour! , Wo technical knowledge necccd—no experience necessary. With our plain and complete instruction book, included free, you can put the instrument to use atonce. Itis simple in construction and opera- . tion. Will do more to bring you success than years of plodding. Free Trial—Easy Terms V, Just $5.00 brings it to you complete—on 10 days’ vy trial. If perfectly satisfied pay the balance in FREF fi easy monthly installments. Use it while you pay. It earns money faster than the easy monthly pay- ments come due. BO OKLET ‘GET THIS BOOK > Een Pity Be alert to this great opportunity! Don’t let A. S. ALCZ Maatieence rob you of this chance—it may be the St LOUIS, sais tae Pipa = turning point in your career. Fill in the Coupon, Without obligation send me FREE mail it NOW and get your Free copy of our booklet, Book, ‘‘Be A Bigger Builder.” Also ‘Be A Bigger Builder,” that tells you how to in- full particulars about the Aloe Convert- ; : = ES ible Level and details of you Easy crease your income and standing. Success comes to Payment Plan. the energetic. In fairness to yourself—investigate. ae A.S. ALOE CO. Soucuis Dy| sscce nn

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Sipe ELEVATION Figurc-} Chicago Technical College 4 fFractical School far Pra Ciical jen orn THD IN WR bre Pe Yr TOPO Atte FIRST FLOOR PLAW ” FiGuRe-4 Tresig TE YGoestotha _ Man Who KNOWS If you are still drawing only the regular scale, what you need to make your ser- vices worth more is the training that will qualify you to direct the work of others. Get an expert knowledge of Plan Reading, Es- timating, Construction Methods and Superin- tending—and you double your income or bet- ter. You can find out how to get this training in your spare time by the Chicago Tech. Method if you will sign and mail the coupon. | Flundreds of carpenters who have reached fore- | manships, or who have become superintendents _f of construction or have got into successful con- 4 tracting businesses, obtained their start through | this training. Big jobs are ready for building _§ experts now. Mail the coupon today. * WALL SECTion SéCTION-@ Figurs-3 1M biweteG Meer "Tv. eLeMmine Sent Free Mail the Coupon for these 2 Books and Blue Print Plans If you are in any building trade, we want to send you these 2 books and blue prints at our expense. One of these books contains a lesson in Plan ‘Reading prepared by the Chicago Tech. experts; the other explains the Chicago Tech. method of training men by mail in the building trades for the jobs that pay the most money or for businesses of their own. All you have to do to get them is to mail the coupon. Don’t send a penny. Get the Knowledge that Will Make You Worth More Money Se pes at ee ae ee ee ee Chicago Technical College, Dept. 1039, Chicago Tech. Bldg. 118 East 26th Street, Chicago, Il. Please send me your Free Books and Blue Prints for men in the Building Trades. Send postpaid to my address below. Write or print name plainly. eeece see eoeeeeveeeeeeeeee eeeveevoe ee e@eecee & * Address <§ wince des} singe ah eee Occupation SS yt ee Stateg 5. sa5 *+*+eseseoeoeeveeoe eos eee eseeeee ses eB.

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Combination Butt Gauge No. 224 Frice $1.60 | eilidéiele To help you hang doors properly HAT’S the job of this Goodell-Pratt Butt Gauge. Also a big help in-mortise work. Made with three hardened, double-edge spurs. The spur on the back of the double- end bar can be adjusted as necessary to reg- ulate the clearance. Made entirely of steel, polished, and nickel- plated. Measures 3$x2$x1? inches. Weight, 8 ounces. Write for Catalog No. 15. It’s free The Goodell-Pratt Catalog shows the com- plete line of 1500 Good Tools, many of which should be a part of every carpenter’s tool set. Every Goodell-Pratt Tool is made as only skilled toolsmiths of long experience can My Piach Aaya- make it—made by skilled workmen for skilled “That butt gauge workmen. | | ae Bd i AE The Goodell-Pratt Catalog No. 15 is free to trouble out of hang-. : és ing a door straight” carpenters. Write for your copy. Ss GOODELL-PRATT CO., Greenfield, Mass., U.S.A. || § Mokgniths, Makers of ifr. Punch ? <b! pe bes — EC ce I A A RE NT cE | GOODELL- PRAT 1500 GOOD TOOLS pc LE ER A A Ce EL ae

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When Work is Slack OME fellows when work is slack, fold their hands and wait until some one invites them to a working party. The live ones don’t. They find a lot of home owners who have been waiting for someone to tell them what the house needs and how to do the jobs which will prevent their once well kept-up residence from going to the dogs. There isn’t any reason why every carpenter or contractor shouldn’t have all the work he wants —providing he wants it hard enough. Economists say that this winter there’s going to be lots of reconstruction work. ‘This means the use of a lot of wood-board. Cornell will do so many reconstruction and re- pair jobs that your imagination is the only limit. It’s all-wood, every shred of it; will stay put and look well practically forever. It’s triple-sized at the mill to resist moisture and mill-primed ready for paint or calcimine. Hitch up Cornell-Wood-Board to your fall and winter program, and you'll not need to loaf a day. CORNELL WOOD PRODUCTS COMPANY General Offices: 190 N. State St., Chicago Mills: Cornell, Wisconsin 4° Fi“ 7. 0 Ra \° 7.8 os Me Met y = Y & Su T° | o” e & \ “ny rh oe Rts Ce xt PSs : =]. & 7 & Cd : od] a Oard m7 SS ‘a thick os” co oe , he : a rs & s

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Beaver Beaver American Gypsum Plaster ALS EAVER service is complete. It offers every type of mate- rial for Walls and for Roofs. For Walls:—Beaver Fibre Wall Board, Beaver Plaster Wall Board, Beaver Tile Board, Beaver Amer- ican Plaster, Partition Block and other Gypsum Products. For Roofs:—Plain and Slate- surfaced Roll Roofing; Vulcanite Slate-surfaced Shingles in Hex- agon, Double-tite, Seli-spacing and standard designs; Special Re- roofing Shingles; Built-to-Order Roofsand Roof PaintsandCement. No matter which of these Beaver Products you recommend and use, you can be sure it will give your customer unusually

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satisiactory service. Because each is built to the highest standard of quality. In the long run, that is the only kind of material it pays you to use. It means a better Beaver reputation for you and your Roll Roofing work—and that means more jobs for you. The quality of any Beaver Product is always uniform and dependable because the Beaver Beaver Vulcanite Slate- Products Company owns and surfaced Shingles controls its own spruce forests, gypsum mines, fibre mills, felt mills, asphalting plants, etc. Beaver Products aremadeentirely in Beaver Plants from Beaver Materials—it will pay you to pin your faith to them for wall and roof jobs. : : Roof Paints and | : _ Cement

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" ‘ Ati li il ali ak hi a a a i hg Bd For Re-roofing Use a Re-roofing Shingle Don’t put a light-weight shingle over an old roof, Tell your customers why they ought to buy © Beaver Re-roofing shingles—big, thick, tough, fire-safe slabs designed especially to be laid right over old shingles. Write for a sample. Keep it to demonstrate to your customers. Twist it for them. Bend it. Throw it on the floor. Kick it. Scuff it. Put it on ice. Then, pour hot water on it. Soak it in water. Leave it on a hot radiator. Put burning embers on it. Prove to your customers that Beaver Vulcanite Re-roofing shingles or any other Veeanite roofing will not curl, warp, or leak. Mail the coupon fcr your sample now. BEAVER. a Recents Roofing RO a u c Tv Ss

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This series of valuable booklets on Beaver Products Every builder ought to have these booklets and be prepared to give his customers ex- pert advice on wall and roof materials. Mail the coupon and we'll send them free. We'll also send you acarpenter’s apron. And we'll explain how we are helping builders by sup- plying them with letterheads, folders, signs, etc. Let us explain this service and you'll know why builders everywhere are hooking up with Beaver Products. Beaver Products Ovy Inc. Buffalo, N.Y.,cr Thorold, Ontario, Canada, cr London, England Dept. H-16 Gentlemen: Please send me following books with samples; 0 “Style in Roofs” OG “‘The Re-roofing Shingle” “The Autumn Blend Shingle” D2 “Roll Roofings of Quality" 0 “Beautifying with Beaver Wall Board” O “Tile Walls at One-tenth the Cost” —_ CO “Beaver Plaster Wall Board”’ 0 “Plaster Board—the Modern Lathing”’ Mail this Coupon...... BEAVER PRODUCTS CO., Inc. BUFFALO, N. Y. THOROLD, CAN. LONDON, ENG. Manufacturers of Beaver Wali Board, i . ” Beaver Vulcanite Ro ofing, 0 “Helpful Hints on the Use of Gypsum Plaster Beaver P, faster WV all Board : Name edewe ren cccecnecercece secs cecwressvocapevesececcsavwrseverwes su ccewsesecowecwsussceesece Address... <— accu lihcinssdusbaneiehabppaibal abn cieilitciainbnswen caiiicnateianeinnanin : and Plaster Products # Ci Gan nsiiecnnensnevicererencarsenvenestoheoonespos State ene nnnseeevenenveeneresernveccncnnes .

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“Mighty convenient!” THAT’S the verdict of carpen- ters who use the Sargent Take- Down Framing Square No. 600 R. It’s made to fit the pop- ular shoulder kit. The snug- fitting ends are immovably locked in perfect alignment by self-contained screws. Only a few seconds are required to put it together and then you’ve a square that’s as true and com- plete as the Sargent one-piece type. Made in polished steel, blued and royal copper. See it at your dealer’s. SS SARGENT TOOLS tor: better workmanship SARGENT Planes and Squares. have been designed and built with an eye to the needs of the worker. They are of the finest materials throughout and are carefully finished. They come in a complete range of styles SARGENT & COMPANY, Manufacturers, 55 Water Street, New Haven, Conn, ond sizes—for every possible ourpose and every individual. prefcrence. Give them a trial and be convinced that better planes and squares cannot be made. Write to-day for de- scriptive booklets. TUTTE TEMA x 7 = la eae ae Ue ee ee ae eee ee) een

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membher—T/ On new roofs— Ruberoid Octab Strip-shingles will give your customer 50% more pro- tection beneath the cut-outs. They are attractive, economica/and cf un- surpassed wearing quality. On old roofs— ek . Ruberoid Octabs can be safely laid Rahersid: Gotibecan be taid right over the old wood shingles, thus over old wood shingles. avoiding the hard, dirty job of removing them. On any roof— Ruberoid Octabs can be laid in various attractive patterns in single or mixed colors. This is a feature possessed by no other form of shingle. In your spare time see the owners of homes in Ruberoid Octabs can be laidin your town that need reroofing and explain the er art Patera. advantages of Ruberoid Octab Strip-shingles. Send us the coupon below for information which will help you get this business. U-BER-OID OCTAB STRIP-SHINGLE ee ee ee ewe : a ee ee ee ee ee There is but one Ru- Carpenter Bipot: ‘Leek for the The RUBEROID Co., Man on ths Label, 93 Madison ences New York City 3 GENTLEMEN: FZindly send me samples and literature describing pees Octzb Sirig: slungles, i oe ee

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Celotex is a strong, rugged, weather - proof durable building lumber made from the long, toug’ fibres of cane. It is better than wood sheathing— cquals cork for insulation. Celotex is used for sheathing in- stead of wood; for plaster base, roof insulation, sound deadener and exterior finish. Stock sizes: Thickness 7-16 in.; width 4 ft.; lengths 8 ft. to 12 ft. Weight about 60 lbs, per 100 sq. ft. There’s no time and no material wasted in Celotex—Speed—Quality RM pi sheathing the walls and in insulating the roof. with Celotex. It saws readily and nails direct to studs, rafters and headers. The qualities of Celotex are even more sur- prising than the ease of handling it. With the insulating value of cork, Celotex makes a house cool in summer and cheap to heat in winter. It cuts fuel bills a fourth to a third. , : Celotex makes a stronger wall than wood sheathing and when in place generally costs less than the materials it has replaced. Recommend Celotex to your clients. Give them better homes with less trouble to you. — Use Celotex as sheathing, as roof insulation, as plaster base. Give quality with speed. Write for more complete information to Dept. H-10, The Celotex Company, 645 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago, Il]. Canadian Representatives, B. & S. H. Thompson & Co., Litd., Montreal and Toronto. = INSULATING LUMBER THERE IS A USE FOR CELOTEX IN EVERY BUILDING —

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Let 20 of that tool box! Get into something | for yourself! : Nobody ever made any money working for the other | fellow. When you get into something for yourself and i become your own boss, then and only then will you be- sin to make big money and getsomewhere. Six men’s | pay can be earned as an “‘American Universal”’ floor surfacing cont.actor and it takes only a small amount of money to get started. Experience and special training are not required. How muuch are you worth? Nothing succeeds like success, you know, Mr. Carpen- ter. And you ought to get a strangle hold on this slippery old fellow, ‘‘suc- cess’ as soon as possible. Don't fool yourself into thinking that your eight | hours a day are onJ* worth $6.00 or $7.00. Do you know that you can make from $25.00 to $40.00 a day in an enjoyable way? Just put your faith into an “American Universal’’ Floor Surfacing Machine. Man! You can’t re- alize the opportunity there is in the floor surfacing business until you try it yourself. And we don't know of anyone who has seriously put his heart into i this game who didn't succeed, and succeed in a large way. Your success : means our success. We want you to make big money and help you do it. Will you help yoursel€? Floor surfacing is interesting work in a new and uncrowded field. Every | new floor mus: be surfaced; every old floor represents a resurfacing job for you. We show you how to ge: ‘be work, in fact, help you}. every way to get started right ana make money. Zab Start it today! Clip the coupes now! Here is your dig opportunity! Grasp it! Simp. “ill in the coupon and mailit to us today. Get the detai!s of this interesting proposition including our free Five Day Trial Offer. This is the best way we know of for you to help yourself. Do it now—an old slogan but many men have followed it to success. D Tie American Floor Surfacing Machine Co., 522 South Saint Clair Street, Toledo, Chio, U. S. A. plete information and literature on your proposition. A — ee ee oe Oe oe ow ow Gres. ~ TEAR OFF HERE AND MAILIT NOW! Gentlemen: Please send without obligation to me, com- oe ~

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Can you look at this tool and not want it? Millers Falls Spiral Ratchet Screw Driver No. 61 ITH three blades and three ways of working, it does everything a screw driver can. It’s new, it’s a Miaillers Falls tool—it does its work better than it was ever done before. It’s about as useful—and handsome and valuable and Semel interest- ing—a tool as you could own You men who use tools—professionally or on the side—pick up one of these in the store. And then try not to buy it. Three blades ~ of different — sizes furn- | ished -with @ each tool, Meet the new members of the family — with the Automatic Return. No. 61 has two brothers—No. 62 (larg- er) and No. 67 (smaller). The new cousins—Nos. 610, 620, 670—cor- respond in design, with the addi- tion of a spring in the handle. With this extra feature of auto- matic return they work like an automatic drill — life-savers for ‘‘one hand’’ jobs. You don’t have to hold the chuck. Special chuck and drills ean be fur- nished for drilling small holes, Here’s what you see when | you examine No. 61 and his” family. A beautiful tool in design and finish. Highly § polished on smooth surfaces; good knurling where needed. Three actions—right or left spiral; right or | left ratchet ; plain screw driver. ‘ Three blades—easily inserted, with positive lock ; easily removed. New and unique design of shifter for right 9 and left spiral or rigid action. Quick and — positive action. - | Locking collar on shoulder of spiral makes © it a ratchet screw driver. Can you beat all that? MILLERS FALLS COMPANY | Millers Falls, Mass. 28 Warren St., New York 9 So. Clinton St., Chicago MILLERS FALLS TOOLS

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Shorter NECK - —gives better balance Larger FACE —easier to drive nails Knife-edge CLAWS —pull headless nails ... and the head stays tight Look for ae y § Red Handle Black Head s eae can feel the joy of using a Plumb Nail Hammer, with the red handle and the black head. Your Plumb sets right, hefts right and swings true. Face, neck and claws are different, to make your work easier. And the head stays tight. Your troubles with loose handles are gonc—forever. For the Plumb Patent Take-up Wedge retightens the handle with a turn of the screw. You can get your Plumb Hammer wherever good carpenters trade. Price, $1.30 (except in Far West and in Canada) FAYETTE R.PLUMB, Inc., Philadelphia, U.S.A. PLUMB Color Combination registered as trade mark in U, S&S. Patent Office BRIN IORI NOEL SAT AER Ta DOUBLE LIFE Me (/} Hammers Hatchets 4 Files Sledges Axes:

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How Henry Disston Made “The Saw Most Carpenters Use’ ODAY or tomorrow, perhaps, you will buy a saw. Before you buy any saw, you will want to know the Among many Disston favorites are theses Disston D-8. The world’s standard for all-around work. Disston D-115, the finest saw that Disston makes. For those who want the utmost in finish and service. Disston D-23, For those who want @ narrow blade. 134" wide at point, 64" at butt. Disston No. 12. Extra tempered. Ground one gauge thinner, for spet- ial clearance. A A favorite straight- back, full-width saw. Your haydware dealer has the right Disston Saw for your special work. story of “The Saw Most Carpenters Use.” In 1840 Henry Disston opened his own saw shop, in a cellar in Philadelphia, Carpenters then wanted foreign-made saws. Henry Disston knew he had to make saws better than any ever made before. He himself, fired his furnace, tempered his saws, smithed, ground, set and filed them. Around him he gathered men and trained them in his own methods. First he made saws with his own hands; then he made saw makers. Carpenters—the men who make their living by using saws —told one another to get a saw with Disston’s name on it. Before long, even Europe was sending to Disston for saws Finer workmanship was im- _ possible, but better steel for saws was possible. So Disston in 1855 made his own steel—the first crucible saw steel ever made in America. And Disston Saws of Disston steel wontheworld! The Disston Hand Saw is known everywhere as “The Saw Most Carpenters / Use.” Henry Disston’s spirit lives on in the Disston Saw Works. First his sons and then his grandsons served apprenticeships — in the shops. They worked side by side with the sons and grandsons of the men who learned saw-making from Henty Disston himself. The Disstons make saws today | after the ideals set by Henry Disston. As long as there is a Disston left, the Disston stand- ard will be maintained. For the Disston Hand Saw that you buy must run true, cut” clean and fast, and stay sharp. It must be made to suit your hand, and balanced right to aid your arm. It must give you a life-time of faithful service. Ask Disston. Whatever you saw, in wood, metal, bone, fibre, or other material, Disston has the saws for you. Ask us about them. HENRY DISSTON & SONS, INC. | Philadelphia, U.S. A.

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TT TTT oT Entered July 22, 1915, at INDIANAPOLIS, IND., as second class mail matter, under Act of Congress, Aug. 24, 1912 | — for mailing at special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, act of October 3 8. 1917. authorized on July 8, 1918, A Monthly Journai for Carpenters. Stair Builders, Machine Wood Workers, Planing Mill Men, aad Kindred Industries. Owned and Published br the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America. at Carpenters’ Building, 222 East Michigan Street, Indianapolis, Indiana etree apie D1. Established in 1881 One Dollar Per Year Vol. XLIV—No. 10. INDIANAPOLIS, OCTOBER, 1924 Ten Cents a Copy s AAS NRG FEE HEE pl Lt ep SRL I IE SAREE LENGE AA DEAL DIE NE AE GEESE AE EERE LEDS SALE LEE ELLE LEA DAA TS 5 That the open shop is now favored by the Stanley Manufacturing Company of New Bri- tain, Conn., who manufacture a number of car- penter’s tools, known as the Stanley tools, was a declaration recently made by Mr. Stanley, Jr., an officer of the company at a conference held with Representative Charles N. Kimball and Business Agent McGrath at the plant of the company. This concern is constructing a large building at New Britain. The contractor is the Aberthaw Company of Boston. Non-union car- penters were found on the job. On complaint of Messrs. Kimball and McGrath, as representa- tives of our organization, Mr. Stanley arranged © the conference, and to their astonishment made the above declaration.

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oe THE CARPENTER / A SHORT HISTORY OF THE CARPENTERS’ COMPANY OF PHILADELPHIA AND CARPENTERS’ HALL (By Frank Duffy.) “Carpenters Sonipany of Philadelphia”’ was founded. Its mem- bership consisted of both master and journeymen ® carpenters. The objects of the company, as specified in its art- icles of incorporation, were much after the style of the old guilds. They were: 1st. ence of architecture. 2nd. To assist such of its members, or the wives or children of members, as should be by accident in need of sup- port. 8rd. To adopt such a system of meas- urement and prices that everyone con- cerned in building may have the value of Lis money and every workman the worth of his labor. To obtain instruction in the sci- £ At that time, the term “master car- penter’’ was practically synonymous with that of journeyman. A feeling of common interest prevailed among mas- ters and journeymen. The master was usually little removed in worldly goods and independence from the journeyman, Seal of Carpenters’ Company of Philadelphia, This bond of common interest and the necessity to form some sort of organiza- tion to protect trade secrets, standard- ize working conditions and wages, and place the trade on a footing to meet the changing industrial conditions, was the reason why the company was formed. Among the first results obtained, was the fixing of a uniform scale of prices, similar to the working rules of the Local Unions of the present day, through the -establishment of a book of prices, ac- cording to which carpentry work was thereafter appraised. “On the most equitable principles so that the workmen should have a fair recompense for their labor, and the own- er receive the worth of his money.”’ The By-Laws of the company pro- vided that: “There shall be a committee on the Book of Prices, consisting of five mem- bers, whose duty it shall be to fix a price on all new-fashioned carpenter work that may be introduced from time to time. It shall be the duty of said com- mittee to settle any differences that may arise in the measurement and valuation of carpenters’ work, between carpenters and their employers, or between mem- bers of the company measuring work to- gether, and their decision shall be bind- ing on the parties as respects the price’ of said work.’’ This Book of Prices was to be kept private among the members themselves; - the law providing that: ‘‘Should a member show it to any per- son who is not a member, he shall pay, for the first offense, $5; for the second offense, a further sum of $10, and for the third offense, expulsion.”’ It is interesting to note that something resembling the ‘“‘Union,” or as it is in- accurately called, the ‘“‘Closed’’ shop, was maintained by the company, for members were not allowed to accept less than the established scale of prices, or to be concerned in such work with non- members under pain of expulsion. The By-Laws also specified that: ‘Any member, widow, or minor chil- dren of a member, being in reduced cir- cumstances, making application to the managing committee, they may relieve him, her or them at their discretion in _ any sum not exceeding $40. It shall be — the duty of the managing committee, on — the application of any widow for quart- |

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THE CARPENTER z erly allowance, to appoint two of their members to examine the case and if it shall appear to the committee that the net annual income of such widow does not exceed $400 per annum, they shall place her on the list of widows for quarterly allowance. But when a great- er amount shall be needed than the quarterly allowance specified by the By- Laws, they shall lay a statement of the aie 4" Ve, “nie ut Gy, : SS ROO ier Eats Wie oe Hil +88] (| aie, Le ez members, relieving those in distress, vis- iting the sick, and burying the dead. Toward the middle of the century, when the organization had been firmly established, the building of a hall became an object of much interest. In 1768, a lot on Chestnut St. was purchased, but no definite action was taken in erecting a building until 1770, when it was : R eS << uae \“35 « “| ~ el ATERIITGLT CUANGTOUCWAUCSIUATLGLAQIQEICAKIFITAILELI Old Carpenters’ Hall, Philadelphia, Pa. case before the company for its determ- ination. The quarterly allowance to widows shall be $30; to superannuated members, double that amount.” The beneficial features of the company eorresponded closely with those of a modern trade union in death donations, membership superannuation, and in so- Sa x Gal Sa stapes oe such as ness unemployed agreed that each member subscribe for shares in the amount of four pounds each. The plans were then prepared and approved and the building started on the 5th day of February, 1770. It was so far completed in 1771 that the annual meeting of the company was held in it. The building was not entirely completed until 1792. It is situated on Chestnut St., between Third and F-urth Sts., in Oy ee

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22 the business district of Philadelphia. It is a quaint old brick building with a low tower of colonial style of architecture and is in a splendid state of preserva- tion, and is now looked upon as one of the ‘“‘historic land marks’’ of the nation. Its hall was freely used in the beginning of the revolution, and it was there that all the Colonial Congress meetings were held prior to the Declaration of Inde- THE CARPENTER John Adams, in his “Journal of Cor- respondence,’”’ says: “Tt is a spacious hall, and above there is a chamber with an excellent library, a convenient chamber opposite to this, and a long entry where gentlemen may waik.’’ - It was there the frame work of our. national independence was planned; it Invocation By Rev. Jacob Duche, At First Continental Congress In Carpenters’ Hall, Philadelphia, Pa, pendence. It was there, on September 5, 1774, that action was taken which final- ly culminated in the freedom and inde- pendence of the thirteen colonies. When the Continental Congress could not meet in the old State House, the patriotic carpenters willingly offered their hall as a meeting place and it was gladly accepted. Its fitness for the pur- pose appealed to the delegates. George Washington ‘The price of liberty is eternal vigil- ance. It is ever in danger. Now from foreign enmity — now from internal astrife—at other times, as now, from the growth of corruption—irreverence for right as right, materialism, defiling everything, destroying true manhood, was there the historic declaration of col- onial rights was drafted; it was there in 1787 that the Constitution of the United States was agreed upon, thereby making Carpenters’ Hall memorable for its connection with the first united effort to obtain a redress of grievances from the mother country, which changed @ loose league of separate colonies into a powerful, united nation. OQ disgusting the good and competent: with public affairs, and leaving the state to be managed and directed by cunning in- competency, seeking and using place for profit, scoffing at duty—in a word, from moral rottenness.’’ : Prepare in leisure to use in haste. wre

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THE CARPENTER Official Journal of THE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA —_ Published on the 15th of each month at the ; CARPENTERS’ BUILDING Indianapolis, Ind. UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA, PUBLISHERS FRANK DUFFY, Editor SUBSCRIPTION PRICE ’ One Dollar a Year in Advance, Postpaid oe TS SR A TN AN TT EoD NNT ST The publishers and the advertising agent use every possible precaution avail- able to them against accepting advertise- ments from other than reliable firms, but do not accept any responsibility for the contents of any advertisement which ap=- pears in “The Carpenter.” Should any deception be practiced by advertisers at any time, upon members, their duty is to immediately notify the Post Office au- thorities. Therefore, address any com- plaints to your local Post Office. INDIANAPOLIS, OCTOBER, 1924 —— oe Telling the Old, Old Story RADPF journals voicing the inter- ests of building trades employers all over the country are singing one song in unison just now. They all claim that what they consider the high wages of building trades mechanics are the main cause of present building costs. They quote figures to show that material costs have declined, and then proceed. to contend that wages also should go down. They are steadily hammering away at this argument, but no space is available in their press to show the effect on building costs of inflated real estate - prices, money interest, land transfer charges, and the other numerous im- positions; none of which contribute a single process, even of the simplest char- _acter to the erection of a building. The whole burden of their song is piled on to the back of the workman. But Dr. John M. Gries, chief of the divi- sion of building and housing of the De- ° partment of Commerce, after a careful survey of building conditions all over the United States, gives it as his opinion that labor charges account for only 26 per cent of the construction cost of the. average house. The other costs he divides as follows: Building materials, 29.3 per cent; land, 19 per cent; contractor, 12.6 per cent; financing, 6.7: per cent; architect and real estate fees, 6.4 per cent. We do not remember a time when the wages of the worker were not blamed for the cost of production being too high, in the opinion of employers generally. But what has gone by is not worth worrying about. The main point in the present Situation is, that a concerted effort is being made to create the impression that wages must go down, in the hope that, with the effect of winter, the coming spring will see reductions. : But wages will not suffer if organiza- tion is maintained. We are not prepared to make the question one of intricate figure juggling, designed to cheat the worker out of his hard won rights. Our business is to keep up our organization to the pitch where it got us what we. have. That’s the only way we shall hold it. Nickel-splitting discussions about building costs aré not started for our benefit. —_————$— $$ Take Heed From This URING the four year period Gov- ered by the report of General Treasurer Neale to our General Convention last month, it was shown that no less than 324 death or disability claims had been disapproved because the member at the time affliction came upon him was not in good standing because his dues had not been paid up. In all these cases, it can be said with- out doubt that very inconvenient loss, if not actual suffering was caused as the result of this negligence. And the added pity of it is that it usually falls |

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r Ne wy - on those nearest and dearest to a mem- ber, and to whom he would not desire to cause sorrow or pain, if it were with- in his power to prevent it. : The general law cf our Brotherhood is made and sanctioned by referendum yote of our membership. It is the full and most complete expression of democ- racy in the ordering of the affairs of our organization, which it is possible to have. This law says that when a man owes a sum equal to three months dues he shall stand suspended from right to participate in the donation benefits of our Brotherhood. ' his law of our Brotherhood was writ- ten by the votes of the membership of the Brotherhood. It is the duty of the General Officers to administer the law as it has been written by the member- ship. And when a claim comes in where a member has fallen out of good stand- ing the General Treasurer has no re- course except to disapprove it. _We recall perfectly well that we have dealt with this matter in one way or another in the pages of ‘‘The Carpenter” before. And it is likely that some day we shall do so again, for it seems to be a subject on which constant warning and reminder is needed. And with these figures of the General Treasurer before us, it seemed that such an object lesson should not be allowed to go by, without attention being called to, and the remedy for it pointed out. So, once azain! When a member owes a2 sum equal to, or more than three months dues, he is out of good standing. No claim made by him, or on his behalf, for disability or death benefits could be honored by the General Treasurer. To get back into good standing, he must pay up all dues owing, also his dues for the month in which he pays up the back dues. Three months after that date he is back in good standing, if he keeps his dues paid up in the meantime. While we are on this subject it may be just as well to call attention to 59 ocher claims which were turned down. These were cases of men who had at some time previous to their claim, drop- ped more than six months behind in their dues. But some Local Union, or financial-secretary, had thought they were doing that man a kindness by ac- cepting dues from him, after the six -montks’ lapse. _ These cases were only eligible to the benefits of the Brotherhood by rejoin- oo THE CARPENTER ing as new members, after they had fal- len in arrears six months, The kindly intent of the Local Union or the officer was misdirected, and when the time came that the member needed the bene- fit, their action had kept him out of line for it. There is no need to dwell on the misery and actual privation which may arise out of neglect of this business of a man keeping his dues paid up. The warning and the remedy are both simple and plain enough for anyone to under- | stand. The only certain thing about this life is the uncertainty of it. So, keep your dues paid up. Where Monthly Per Capita Goes NE of the most interesting items of information in the report of the General Treasurer at our Conven- tion last month, was contained in a few lines of type. But in those few lines we learned where approximately one half of the 40 cents per member per month paid into our General Fund goes to. It is required to take care of our death and disability claims and obligations. The report showed that it takes 15% cents net, per member per month, to meet legimate death and _ disability claims. Note that we say “net,’’ for that does not include anything for clerk hire, supplies, rent, heat, and the gen- eral overhead expenses involved in keep- ing this department in running order. When that is all taken into account, the cost runs up to approximately 20 cents out of the 40 cents per capita paid in each month to our General Fund on each member through our Local Unions. During the four years ending June 30 last we paid out $2,189,521.39 in death and disability claims. That is an aver- age of $547,380.35 each year, or $45,- —- 615.03 per month, or $1,520.50 per day... - These figures are of accurate and un- challengable record. They represent half of that portion of each member’s dues which goes into our General Fund, and it should be worth while for every Local Union to have them on hand as informa- tion for members. It is also worth while to realize, and always remember that, out of the re- maining 20 cents per member per month all the other work of the General Office, in the matter of administration, the fi- _ nancing of trade movements and organ- — izing campaigns, the frugal bandling of —__ funds so that our reserves are profitable — =

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THE CARPENTER a while dormant but easily realizable if needed; these and a thousand and one things all have to be taken care of out of that 20 cents. Yet it is no rare thing to hear mem- bers kick in Local Union meetings about the per capita tax to the General Office. A little study of what other unions with much smaller membership than ours do in this respect, leads one to the opinion that were it not for our numerical strength it would long ago have been impossible to get along with our exist- ing fiscal policy. We get more for the small per capita tax we pay than any other union. —_ The Work Is Never Ended HE purposes for which a union meeting is held are not all ful- filled by the mere collection of dues, plodding through routine business, and taking care of matters of current importance. A union meeting should have an educative side and value, based on the past, with the future welfare of ‘the order as its objective. Any union which amounts to anything in numbers and influence, must of neces- sity have a history at the back of it. And the fact that it has become the in- stitution it has, is proof that its develop- ment is packed full with experiences and lessons. If these are allowed to lie dor- mant, they become nothing better than musty archives, instead of adding tried and seasoned strength to the efforts of those who are to carry on the work of the union, after those who participated in those early struggles have passed on. New members, and the youth coming into the movement, do not know about the struggles and work which were re- quired to build up the organization they have joined. Now, with Winter ahead, any Local Union would find that it would pay from every standpoint to set aside ‘a portion of the meeting time, as often as current business made possible, for the purpose of set speeches or informal - talks from older members on_ these topics. A trade union is not merely a cold _ frame-work of rules for collecting dues ' and finding jobs for members. @ither a living thing, vibrant with the & _ Warm spirit of fraternity whetted to a It is £ - guper-keen edge by common craft inter- f he or it is ane half doing its job. That’s why in its larger vision it looks to the care of its disabled; seeks to pro- vide for the declining years of needy members; and for their decent laying to rest when their life’s journey is ended. To the member with years of standing. in the organization these things all go without saying, and are taken for grant- ed. He is solid as a rock in his loyalty. But he cannot afford to forget that there is new material continually coming on, and that he has a duty to perform, in seeing that he does his share to instil into the new member a knowledge of | that fine conception of his own member- ship, which is such a source of solid pride and satisfaction to him. Then again, the economic aspect of | the workday world in which he has to struggle for his bread, is ever changing. It takes trained and skilled observation, to truly interpret the meaning from the standpoint of a worker’s interest, of a lot that is going on around us. And the floor of a trade unior is one of the best places for discussion of such matters inc a general way. It has unlimited use- fulness. No finer training ground for speakers could be got than this. It combines the two elements of a helpful any sympa- thetic audience, together with any num- ber of well informed critics, whose at- tentions will never be tinged with spite or unkindness. For, taken number for number, a gathering of a hundred trade unionists will contain more men well in- formed on the subject of economics and affairs generally than any other gather- ing cf equal numbers. So, to make union meetings in the winter time more profitable, interesting and educational, it is good business from time to time to arrange for the discus- sion of one or another of those problems which are of special interest in the build- ing up of the union, and the instruction of new comers in the deeper things which are embodied in the conception which lies at the foundation of the in- stitution. —__—__——_9—____——_- ‘“‘Ag far as labor costs go, there also is abundant testimony offered that stabil- ity rules there. No marked wage fluc- tuations, either upward or downward, are in sight.”——"‘The American Contrac- tor,’’ September 6, 1924.

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7 - ANNUM NTA GENERAL OFFICERS OF BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA THE UNITED GENERAL OFFICE Carpenters’ Building, Indianapolis, Ind. GENERAL PRESIDENT WM. L. HUTCHESON Carpénters’ Building, indianapolis, Ind. First GENERAL VicEe-PRESIDENT JOHN T. COSGROVE Carpenters’ Building, Indianapolis, Ind. SECOND GENERAL VICE-PRESIDENT GEORGE H. LAKEY Carpenters’ Building, Indianapolis, Ind. GENERAL SECRETARY FRANK DUFFY ; Carpenters’ Building, Indianapolis, Ind. GENERAL TREASURER THOMAS NEALE Carpenters’ Building, Indianapolis, Ind. GENERAL EXECUTIVE BoarD First District, T. M. GUERIN _ 290 Second Ave., Troy, N. ¥. Second District Third District, JOUN H. POTTS 646 Melish Ave., Cincinnati, O. . Fourth District, JAMES P. OGLETRED Bradentown, Fla. Fifth District, J. W. WILLIAMS 8948 S. Grand Blvd., St. Louis, Mo. Sixth District, W. A. COLE 810 Merchants National Bank Building San Francisco, Cal. Seventh District, ARTH™R MARTEL 712 Chambord St., Montreal, Que., Can. WM. L. HUTCHESON, Uhairman FRANK DUFFY, Secretary _ All correspondence for the General Executive Board must be sent to the General Secretary. ficial Information UNULALUNVURA GUAT Excerpts From Reports of General Offi= cers to Twenty-first General Convention. From Report of First General Vices President John T. Cosgrove. The report dealt in detail with the work of the office of the First General Vice-President as provided for in our Constitution and Laws. ‘The report, in part said: “This office being the parent body from which the usage of our Label grows, we are, of course, vitai:y Imtercested In W.at 1s commony tesmed the Inside Men or Mill. Locals, from the time of their chartering onward and we are always endeavoring by every means possible to promote their interest and improve their con- ditions in order that they may continue to grow and prosper, for only. through their rogress can the Trade-Mark of our Brother- ood reach out into the worid.” Further along in the report, was in- cluded a carefully prepared table, show- ing the number of union and non-union mills, in the various states and provine- es, together with an approximate esti- mate of the numbers of the union and non-union men employed therein, and the rates of wages paid. The net-result of this statistical survey was set forth in the following paragraph which said; “The average wages paid in union mills to our members is $6.81 per day, while that of the non-union mililman is $4.68 per day, or in most cases he works an hour or so longer than the member of our Brotherhood for $2.13 less money. In other words, generally speak- ing, a member of our organization receives al- most 46 per cent more for his labor than does the average non-union man working in the mills, and doing the same class of work. If all t e non-union millmen in the country could suddenly -be made to realize this one important fact. our membership would certainly show a decided increase within a very short period of time. This is a fact worth remembering and Should prove very beneficial in inducing the non-union men employed on the “inside” to become members of our Brothérhood if present- ed to them in the right manner.” A substantial portion of the repert was devoted to our Union Label, the right to use which is directed from the office of the First General Vice-Presi- dent. As in the case of the mills, the activities of the Label were also set forth in similar statistical tables, showing at a glance where progress had been made, or otherwise. A word of guidance was included too, as follows : “During the past few years this office has “4 been put to no little inconvenience and trouble

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‘Local Union. ing further into these various matters - should avail themselves of the use of these reports. | THE CARPENTER on account of some of our Local Unions and District Councils making it a practice to take up Labels that had previously been granted to some firm in t' eir district without consulting this office. While they did not intentionally do wrong in depriving the firm of the use of the Label, as most cases warrranted such ac- tion being taken when it was done, yet they weuld in a short time grant the stamp to some ot er firm and fail to notify this office of same with the result t*at we continued to list an recommend firms that were unfair, and at the same time deny recognition ta fivms t at had been granted the use of our Label locally. T*erefore, before any action is taken towards either granting or depriving a firm of the use if bur Label this office should always be con- sulted.’ Dealing with the present legal aspect of our Label the report said: “The Federal Law then as it stands does not permit us to register in our present form and inasmuch as tLis is the case and we do not intend to eliminate the words. ‘‘Union -Made” from our Label, the ,only other thing to do is to have the law so amended t'at it does give the right to voluntary unincorporat- ed trade unions to register their Label with the words “Union Made” thercin, because we believe we exercise sufficient proprictary righ’‘s, which should entitle us to protection and reg- istration, especially from the fact that every State in the Union gives us this protection.” The work of advertising our Label has also been carried on vigorously during the past four years, the sum of $5,359.96 having been expended for that purpose, almost twice as much as in the 1916- 20 period. It is also the constitutional duty of the First General Vice-President to pass upon all proposed By-Laws and Trade Rules of our Local Unions. Touching upon this part of the work of the office the report said in part: “During the period of time covered by this report I have passed upon 2,241 sets of laws resented this office for approval. Of this num- er 1,865 came from Local Unions, 310 from District Councils, 45 from State Councils, 20 from Ladies’ Auxiliary Unions, and 1 from a State Council of Ladies’ Auxiliary Unions. From my decisions on all these laws as passed. upon only one Local Union saw fit to take an appeal to our General Executive Board, and my decision in this case was sustained. This Local Union did not carry their appeai to the Convention, consequently there are no 3 oa from my decisions pending before this ody.’ The report dealt with many other matters of important interest to our members, and the future of our Brother- hood. Space here does not permit of more extended reference. But it is time- ly to remind readers that a number of copies of the printed reports of the pro- ceedings of the convention go to each Members desirous of go- 27 From the Report of General Secretary Frank Duffy © . The report, covering the four year period ending June 30, 1924, revealed in extensive detail the vast amount of work entailed in carrying on the business side of the activities of the General Office, as well as the most complete information relative to numbers and every other fea~ ture of the membership roster of the Brotherhood, Referring to the member- ship roll on the above date it said: Organization “On that date te United Brotherhood con- sisted of 2,173 Local Unions, 143 District Coun- cils, 25 State Councils, 2 Provincial Councils and 122 Ladies’ Auxiliary Unions, Membership “In the 2,173 Local Untons we had a mem- bership in good standing on June 380, 1924, of $27,574; and in arrears, 22,817; making an actual membership, June 30, 1924, of 300,391. Recapitulation Réports. in: SUOW cc cas eee sseee 805,396 eports: Out 2... <4 sss Sk os ee 3 Charter members, June 1924........ 153 Clearance cards granted...June, 3,894 Clearance cards deposited. June, 2,024 Clearance cards unaccounted for, See eee ee SS ae Siew 1,870 Clearance cards granted...May, 4,091 Clearance cards deposited. .May, 2,181 Clearance cards unaccounted for, May 1,910 Clearance cards granted. .April, 4.135 Clearance cards deposited. April, 2,885 Clearance cards unaccounted for, April 1,750 Depreciation in F'nencial Secretary’s R ‘ports Double deductions ........ 4a ee 280 Reports starting with less than the prior month ended...... i bse 43 Membership in good standing June 30, 1UDS ane $3 bd aes SS oe 327,574 Membership in arrears June 30, 1924 22,817 Tel <a <taStas ey ree eS -. 850,391 Honorary members (not included in above) .....ee- jars as ve eee SD eo Then followed in detail the list of unions organized, lapsed and consolidat- ed, month by month, showing at a glance the condition of the Brotherhood in this respect at any given date. It also showed that there were 122 Local La- dies’ Auxiliaries, with a total reported membership of 2,469. The number of Local Unions in each State, their membership in good stand- ing, together with those in arrears, and the total membership in each State were set forth under a heading for that pur- pose. This group of statistics showed at a glance the strength of the Brotherhood in the, various localities, The member- ~

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28 THE CARPENTER ship in each one of the seven districts was also given. The section dealing with the reports of Financial Secretaries to the General Of- fice, and audits. was as follows: Financial Secretary’s Mon‘h'y Reports to the General Office “Although Financial Secretaries are re- quired to make a monthly report to tie Gen- eral Secretary, we are sorry to say that an average of one hundred and fifty fail to do so. Yet we are required by Paragraph A, Section 13, of the Constitution to keep a record of all members of the United Brothertood, beneficial, semi-beneficial and non-beneficial; also those owing three months’ dues, dropped, deceased, resigned or expelled. From the date one report is missing the membership of that union is in- correct and incomplete, for the reason that we do not know who were initiated during the month, who were admitted on clearance cards, who were granted clearance cards, w!o went in arrears and w’o squared up. The fine of $2.00 against a Financial Secretary does not adjust the membership. In fact after the fine is paid we are again compelled to ask him to be good cnovugh to send us the missing report so as to have te records of the members complete. We are willing at all times to cancel this fine, pro- vided we get the report. “Another cause of discrepancies is the repe- tition of the Financial Secretaries in reporting members in arrears who fave not squared up in the meantime; also those granted clearance cards who apply for a renewal of same and in such instances deducting for them, whereas they were deducted for previously, thus causing an apparent decrease in membership, whereas the membership should stand as it originally was. “Still another cause is the failure of the Fi- nancial Secretaries to allow full tax on mem- bers reported squaring up, as provided for in Paragraph H, Section 44, of our General Laws. When a member pays part of Tis arrearages, and does not pay for the current month, he still remains in arrears and should not be re- ported to the General Office until he squares up in full, and then pet capita tax s*ould be allowed for him for the months he was in ar- rears. “Then, again, sometimes Secretaries not only deduct for a member when he goes three months in arrears, but also deduct for him when he is suspended, in violation of that part of Para- graph H, Section 44, which specifies that: “ ‘He shall be reported as suspended, but not again deducted from the membership.’ 7 “Cases of this kind are known as double d2- ductions, and the membership is thereby re- duced from its actual number in good standing. “The application blanks of all members in- itiated and the clearance cards of all members admitted should accompany the report. In the past, quite a number of Secretaries have been negligent in this respect, thereby causing an unnecessary amount of correspondence which could have been avoided if Secretaries would only do their duty. Audits “Owing to the discrepancies herein referred to, it often occurs that Local Unions do not know whether they are paying on more or less than their right membership, and in order to adjust same it becomes necessary to send out blank membership rolls asking for the name of each member, date of initiation, date of birth, date when last dues were paid, wren tree months in arrears and when squared up. Then an audit is made at the General Office with the records on file and a report in detail is sent the Local Union showing the standing of the mem- bers and the per capita tax due. © ‘From July 1, 1920, to June 30, 1924, 1,059 such audits were made, It will be surprising — to learn that through these audits we collected back tax amounting to $11,224.35. There is still outstand'ng $2,613.95 which is in process of collection, making a total of $13,838.30. It is the custom of the General Secre- tary each year in August to publish a supplement to ‘‘The Carpenter’’ for that month, containing detailed information as to rates of wages in the various cities, towns and localities, hours of labor, meeting places, ete. The report stated ‘that up to July 10th, last, not more than 50 per cent of this information had been received. And as that was the date of preparing the August ‘‘Carpenter’’ for publication, it was decided to defer pub- lication of the supplement, and the rec- ommendation was made that it be issued in October. There followed a section dealing with . “The Carpenter,” in which the General Secretary said: . Our Official Monthly Journal, “The Carpenter” “We receive complaints from time to time that members are not receiving our. official monthly Journal, “The Carpenter,” and upon investigation we find that the cause for this is due to several reasons: “1, That a complete list of the members with their addresses has never been supplied us. “2. That while the Financial Secretary gives us the naines of those admitted to the union in his montily report, he fails to give us their home address. ; “3. In some cases the address given is ‘Gen- eral Delivery’ and when not called for, .the Postmaster returns the Journal to us. “4, In otlLer cases the address given is ‘Car- penters’ Headquarters,’ ‘Carpenters’ Hall,’ ‘La- bor Hall,’ ‘Labor Temple,’ ‘C. L. U. Headquart- ers,’ ete., which means that the member must go to these places to get his Journal. Failing to do so the Journal will be disposed of as waste material. “5. When members move they fail to notify us of change in their address and this is one of the many causes why they do not get the Journal, “6. Approximately 5,000 members are con- tinually out on undeposited clearance cards and unless tley leave a forwarding address they will not receive the Journal. “Tf members would see to it that their correct address is sent the General Office these com- plaints would be eliminated. ‘In order to avoid further complaints we is- sued in the beginning of the year the following letter to the Recording Secretary of each and . ‘every Local Union, since which the complaints have materially decreased. “ ‘Dear Sir and Brother: “ ‘Tf any of tne members of your Local Union are not receiving our official montuly Journal, “The Carpenter,” be good enough to insert the name and address of each of these members on the enclosed sheet and return it to us as soon as possible. ‘“<Tf in the future complaints are made that 3 our Journal is not received, please notify us at once, giving tre name and address of the mem- ~ q ber so complaining and we will see that the Journal is sent. It is our desire that each member receive the Journal promptly and reg- ularly every month, but to do so we must have your co-operation. Lp ee | “<‘Hraternally yours, = “FRANK DUFFY, General Secretary

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" THE CARPENTER 29 Dealing with the subject of the writ- ing of the history of the United Brother- hood, the report said: History “At the last General Convention I reported the progress made in compiling the history of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America. At that time I covered the period from the Colonial Days up to the Fifth General Convention, held in Detroit, Mich., in 1888. “During the past. four years I have worked as assiduously as I possibly could, with the result that I am now up to the Seventeenth General Convention, held in Washington, D. C., in 1912. I am sorry that I am not able to report the work completed, but when you take into con- sideration the duties devolving on the General Secretary, I think you will feel satisfied that at least I tried my best to finish the work assigned me two conventions ago. Of course, you will have to bear in mind that the regular routine work of the General Secretary had first to be attended to, after which I devoted my spare time to compiling the history, quite an amount of which was done at home. “The history will be an interesting subject when completed, which I expect will be in the next year or eighteen months.” The financial side of the work of the General Secretary’s office was given in detail month by month, and some idea of the extent of it may be gained from the folowing summary: Receipts for the Four Years Ending June 30, 1924 Total receipts for year ending UG CU, Feel e sos ph a ON $1,822,742.94 Total receipts for year ending eme NO, Agassi vcs teeters: 1,503,148.11 Total receipts for year ending SMBS BO; A020 e Pies eee ees ees 1,568,477.70 Total receipts for year ending June- 30; 1924. vce oe syaeu S 2,113,438.21 it Bae Awa a ere ee $7,007,806.96 The excerpts here given, as in the ease of other General Officers’ reports, can only give a limited idea of the infor- mation contained in these documents. For those who want to realize in a prac- tical way the vast amount of work en- tailed in carrying on the management of our affairs at the General Office, we would again refer to their attention and earnest perusal the printed reports of the proceedings of the convention, copies of which will in due time reach all Local Unions, and those members who were delegates to the convention. ————_—_—_—___- From The Report Of General Treasurer Thomas Neale This document dealing with the finan- cial side of the affairs of our Brotherhood, for the term from July 1, 1920, to June _ 80, 1924, was of necessity lengthy, in order to set forth in clear and concise - manner the various matters coming un- _ der that head. A summary of it gives one an idea of the care and labor re- quired, in keeping accurate account of the very considerable income and ex- penditure involved. It said: “The receipts turned over to me by our. General Secretary during the past fiscal term amounted to the sum of $7,007,806.96, this is $1,264,140.28 in excess of ihe total receipts of -the previous four years, and is accounted for in part ge the increased tax for the establishment of a Home and Pension Fund for our aged and infirm members. “The expenses during the past term amount- ed to $7,089,558.86, or $1,947,615.58 in excess of the previous term. This is accounted for in part by the increased payments for strike and lockout ‘benefits, for De expenses in de- fending the organization in injunction and civ- il cases, ete., the rear addition to our General Headquarters and advancing to t!'e Home and Pension Fund the sum of $449,383.00, and still on June 30, 1924, we show an available cash balance of $693,492.42, not including the $449,- 883.00 due us from the Home and Pension Fund, or total cash assets of $1,142,875.42, an increase since our last Convention of $367,631,10. ‘‘We have received as interest on our bank balances and investments during the past term the sum of $122,703.92, of this amount, $2,- 804.17 was intercst cn denosi‘s in the Home and Pension Fund, and credited to tuat account. Our Finances and Where They Are Located “The General Funds of our Brotherhood have been deposited and invested by order of our General Executive Board as indicated below, drawing interest from 2% daily balances on one. Pri ele account to 43% on Government se- curities. Int, © ° Rate Depositories . Amount Pet. Indiana Natl’l Bank (active . SCGORNGLE- ss > kane ess $108,492.42 2% S. Treasury Certificate ING. 2 ois. 3 8 Saas -- 100,000.00 434% U. S. Treasury Certificate NO. 1050: cans Ge --ee- 100,000.00 43% U. S. Treasury Certificate NO. S200 As kee - 100,000.00 44% U. S. Treasury Certificate WO, 181105 3 hw eer ws 10,000.00 43% U. S. Treasury Certificate ING; “2 24s $5 pe 10,000,00 44% U. 8S. Treasury Certificate No, ASE €T ovens meeis 10,000.00 44% U. S. Treasury Certificate NG: 3040633 ise 10,000.00 44% S. Treasury Certificate No, S82 6s <8 tes ew ae 10,000.00 43% 2nd Liberty Loan Bonds .. 50,000.00 431% srd Liberty Loan Bonds ..: 83,000.00 41% 4th Liberty Loan Bonds .. 101,500.00 44% U. S. Post Office guarantee-. ° ing postage on ‘The Capnenton en ee os 500.00 Advanced Home and Pen- sion Fund............ 449,383.00 SOUR ook arses $1,142,875.42 Dealing with the position of the Home and Pension Fund, the report set forth in detail, month by month the receipts and expenditures; and was completed under the head of ‘‘Recapitulation” as follows: Home and Pension Fund Recapitulation June 30, 1924 Total receipts to _ June 80, 1924. $325,365.68 _ Total disbursements 262,893.50 _

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30 THE CARPENTER Balance, Indiana National Bank. $ 62,472.38 Real Estate....... 692,383.00 Investigating abs'ct. titles and deeds, paid froni Gen- . eral Fund..... 2,000.00 Total Assets. $756,855.38 Liabilities Payable to General Fund ...-...--. $449,383.00 Investment ahagee Home and Pension Fund applied as follows: Balance in bank $ 62,472.38 Real Estate .. - 245,000.00 —$307 472.38 $756,855.388—$756,855.38° No small part of the work of the Gen- eral Treasurer’s department concerns the bonding of officers. In respect to this work it was s.iated tha.; “Our records show that we had bonded on July 1, 1924, 4,049 officers in yarious amounts from $500.00 up, from 2,115 Local Unions, and that we had bonded 2.15 officers of 147 District State and Provincial Councils, the total amount of bonds for the present term being Sg ee with a total premium of $13,- 327 “During the last term we received as prem- iums on bonds the sum of $54,469.61, and we aid over to the Bonding Pempeny the sum of 39,090.21; the balance of $15,379.40 we were allowed by the bonding company to defray the expense of handling this business, an average earning of $3,844.85 per year, which remains a part of our General Fund.” An intensely human side of the report is that bearing upon our death and dis- ability statistics, coupled with some statements which it would be well for every member to ponder upon. Under the caption of ‘Our Benevolent System”’ it said: “The passing on death and disability claims has grown to such’ enermous proportions that it requires practically our entire time to care for t’ is brunch of our department. We have made it a point to handle these claims as expeditious- ly as possible and when a claim is received, and the evidence shows that the claim is legal, the amount due is invariably forwarded to the Secretary of the Local Union tte same or fol- lowing promptness in these matters has been muc% appreciated by our membership, as evidenced by the many favorable communications we have received on this subject. “Our report to the last General Convention showed that we had approved and paid 13,176 claims at a total expenditure of $2,230.821.24, or an average of $557, 705.81 per year, whilst the records for tris term show, we approved and ee 12,592 claims at a cost of $2,189,- 521.39, or an average of $547.°80.25 per annum, a decrease in cost of over $10000.00 per year over tre previous four years. but wen we con- s‘der the serious epidemic in the year 1918, and that tre World war was then in progress, our present record would show a very consid- erable increase, as in addition to the 12,592 claims paid. we disapproved 951 claims and 94 were still pending awaiting additional in- fommation, The claims paid were subdivided as ‘follows 6.232 Reneficial members’ death claims ; 1.719 Semi-Beneficial members’ claims; 4,213 Boneficial members’ wives claims: and 428 dis- ability claims, an average of 284 claims per ay t'e claim papers are received. Our . month at an average cost of $45,615.03 per month, or $1,520.50 per day. “The per capita cost of maintaining our death and disability donations amounts to a proximateiy 15% cents per member per month. Tiis, Lowever, does not include our overhead expenses such as supplies, clerk hire, officers salaries, lig t, heat, rents, etc.,, which would no doubt bring the per capita cost of maintain- ing this branch of our department up to ap- proximately 20 cents per member per month.” This portion of the report also said: “Many times when we disapprove a claim, the member or Lis beneficiary become very indignant and accuse us of extracting large dues and giving nothing in return. Let us analyze our beneficial system. We pay a death donation on the death of a beneficial m mber in sums ranging from fifty dollars on one year’s membership to three hundred dollars on five year’s ixbagtesihens we pay a beneficial mem- ber wife’s funeral donation in a sum ranging from twenty-five dollars on one year’s member- ship to seventy-live dollars on three year’s membership; we also pay on tie total and permancnot disability of a beneficial member who becomes disabled as a result of accidental injuries a sum ranging from fifty dollars on one year’s membership to four tundred dollars on five year’s membership. Consequently, a bencficial member can receive a maximum of seventy-five dollars on Tis wife's death and four hundred dollars on his total disability, or seventy-five dollars on Tis wife’s death and three hundred dollars paid to his beneficiary upon Fis death, a total in the first instance of four -undred and seventy-five dollars, and in the second instance of three hundrcd and sev- enty-five dollars. Now te per capita tax paid to the General Office on each member since the Home and Pension fund project became a law, is fifty cents per member per month, or six dollars per year, so to pay into the General fund the amount of maximum benefit a member can receive upon the death of his wife and tis disability, four *undred and seventy-five dol- lars, he wovld have to be a continuous dues raying member for a period of almost seventy- nine vears before he would pay into tre Gen- eral Office the amount he would be entitled to receive under the law. To receive t’e maxi- - mum wife's funeral donation and death dona- tion smounting to thre hundred and seventy- five doars, a beneficial member wou'd be re- quired to ray his per capita tax to the Cenoral Office at the present rate for a period of sixty- two and one-half years before he would pay in the amourt te would be entitled to receive under our law.” It would appear that from time to time this denartment has had to deal with difficulties which have arisen re- garding members’ beneficiary. The re- port presents the attitude of the General Treasurer’s department towards this question, together with a recommenda- tion designed to eliminate confusion, as follows: “In regard to the change of beneficiary. we receive many requests for changes, and we promptly make note of them and file same in the office for future reference, and in many of these cases, we find upop the death of the member who had prreviously asked that his heneficiary be c*angod, that there are several claimants for the donation. We then. usually with*old payment until said claimants agree among themecelves, or until some covrt decides who is legally entitled to the donation. Tis course is expensive to litigants, and if the are related to our members, we dislike to tin that a part of this money is used up in legal controversies of such a nature. ae X

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THE CARPENTER BL “This department of our Brotherkood has always functioned on the theory that primarily, death donations are paid for t.e purpose of seeing a member’s remains respectfully interred, and that under our laws, if there is any con- troversy as to whom t.is donation is due, and the funeral expenses have not been paid, it has been the practice to first sce that these bills have been met, and then, if there is any bal- ance, to pay it to the heirs of the deceased. Particularly is this true when the member passing away is a widower, or has been di- vorced from his wife, or was a Lachelor. This course is not assumed by this office from any arbitrary point of view, but simply from a ku- manitarian standpoint, for the purpose of see- ing t' at our deceased brothers received a re- spectable and decent interment. “Therefore, I would recommend that our law in this respect be amended. It should state tat a member is permitted to change his bene- ficiary, providing the change is made to mother or wife or blood relative, and in order to do so said permission should be granted him t' rough our General Laws, and a specific form of Change of Beneficiary stould be printed and supplied our Local Unions at a nominal cost, said blank to be signed by the member in the presence of the President and Recording Sec- retary of “is Local Union, and sworn to before a Notary Public, as to the authenticity of the document.” The duties of the General Treasurer deal primarily with the financial and vital statistics department of our Broth- erhood. The foregoing is but a part of the matters covered in the report. But there was one item near the end which was wortky of note. It said: “This Convention marks the 22nd year that I have served this Brotherfood as its General Treasurer, and during t*at time I have handled the large sum of $21,362,720.18, every penny of which tas been properly accounted for.” ——$— NOTICE TO RECORDING | SECRETARIES The quarterfy circular for the three months cf October, November and De= cember, containing the quarterly Pass- word, kas been forwarded to all Local Unions of the United Brotherhood. Six b‘anks have also been forwarded for the Financial Secretary, three of which are to be uscd for the reports to the General Office for the months of October, No-= vember and December, and the extra ones ace to be filled out in duplicate and kept on file for future reference. In= cloced therewith are also six blanks for the Treasurer, to be’ used in transmitting money t9 the General Office. Recording Secretaries not in receipt of these imme=- diately shou'’d notify the General Secre= tary, Frank Duffy, Carpenters’ Building, Indianapo‘is, Ind. a «es PROTECT YOUR BENEFITS It is of the highest importance to each member to see that the record on the in- ’ gide cover of his membership book is cor- rect as to name, date of birth, date of in- itiation, date of transfer, and the num- ber of the Local Union he was originally initiated in, and sign his name thereto in. his own handwriting. Also to see that he is given proper credit for the amount of dues, fines and assessments paid by him on the day and date such payments are made, so as to fully establish his record and right to participate in the death and disability donations and bene- fits granted under our General Laws. It is also the duty of the Financial Secretary to insert in his day book the name of the member from whom he re- ceives dues, the amount received and the date of payment. He should specify in an abbreviated form the months for which the payments of dues were made, also fines, working cards, assessments, etc. The dates and amounts received by the Financial Secretary from each mem- ber must be inserted in the member’s membership book, in stamp form, with interchangeable dates and signature, all on one line. rere ieerorenenenacapentiiaonle ' A. F. of L. Convention Call The call for the Forty-fourth Annual Convention of the American Federation of Labor has been issued. The conven- tion this year will be held at El Pasv, Texas, and will convene in Liberty Hall there on November 17th. ———————_@q- Phoenix, Ariz., Very Quiet Conditions in the building industry down in Phoenix, Ariz., are very quiet, and there is not enough work going on for the carpenters who are already there. Anyone who thought of going there would be well advised to do so with suf- ficient funds to enable them to go else- where after seeing how conditions were. Se = Study and Do Your Share Learn thoroughly the thing your or- ganization stands for. Read the laws by which your union is governed. Par- ticipate in the deliberations of its meet- ings. Get acquainted with your officers. Attend to your duties as a member. If you do these things, you will be a member enjoying the benefits accruing from having a trade organized. There is no room for Jax officers in an organiza- tion consisting of live wire members. Take your stand in tle front lines, un- understand tke responsibilities of of- ficers, and in return for that, you will share in the making of a union, of which its membership may well be proud. __ ‘ -

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ne Taga ‘FO matter how good a workman you are. No matter how much : a you know about your business and the particular kind of work : ' you are doing—there are times when you are bound to need help. Here is just the help you need — When you want to know the newest and best ways of doing things— When you get stuck on some unusual piece of work— Whyjn you want to know all there is to know on any Building subject— Whén you want to estimate the cost of any kind of structure— Whin you want to write up contracts and specifications— When you want to be sure you are right instead of guessing — Then turn to the World’s Greatest Building Books The combined knowledge and methods of 25 well known building specialists. The finest and most up-to-date books ever written on the subject. They cover everything a man in your line should know. 5 big books crammed full of money- making facts. 2200 pages, and more than 1000 pictures, blueprints, plans, and diagrams—everything in plain every day English—everything made as simple as A B C. Thousands of sets have been sold to carpenters, contractors, architects, and builders and apprentices in al' classes of work. See our trial offer below that puts a set in your hands for one week free. Don’t Send Any Money Just fill out and mail the coupon. It brings all five books for you to use as you please for a whole week. Look them over carefully. Show them to your fellow workmen and send them back at our expense if you don’t think they are anything we claim. If you are satisfied with the books in every way, send us only $2.80 as » — first payment and $3.00 each month thereafter, ae” c ‘yy until a total of $19.80 is paid. WAN 8 WwW | NSP RE, : \ Mail the Coupon \ for These 5 7 e 2° * Y e? r e « _ eae at se : Ve . e?° J =~ American Technical Society 3 2 | | Dept. G-736, Chicago es iets ie ee eee Sl SO ee ee ey ee ae ee eee ee eae Tes a” ee eae ar ‘ ; 5 ieee . ioe an ; 4 ” a ee ee S rss ee ae ee ee a ee re eee Ee Ne ae et ee Se eee

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COrro spondence | LT YES, Chicago Is Over Supplied Editor, ‘““The Carpenter’’: For the information and guidance of members who may contemplate coming to Chicago we feel it a matter of duty to set forth briefly the actual facts re- garding work here. The unusual building boom which has obtained here during the past few years has caused an enormous influx of car- penters, which has brought the supply of labor several thousands above the normal demand. Tlis over supply is now felt in a de- gree that is really alarming, and if this influx continues at its present rate it will become a serious menace to the or- ganization. The men employed in the mills and shops as machine and bench hands are at this time seriously affected by the over supply of men. Large numbers of them lave been idle several weeks owing to the work slacking up. In spite of this condition members continue to come here from other cities, not knowing that idle- ness, disappointment and financial em- barrassment awaits them upon their ar- _ rival. Up to this time the men employed on construction work have not been seri- ously affected, but less work in the mills foreshadows the same condition for the outside carpenters as soon as buildings now under way are completed. We have no desire to keep members from coming to Chicago when there is work to be had. Our only object in pub- lishing this statement is to inform the members in other localities of the actual conditions so that they may know what to expect if they come here. For reasons of mutual protection we trust that this information will be ap- preciated by all concerned. CHAS. H. SAND, Secretary, Chicago District Council. —— - About Our Home In Florida In our issue of July, last, in an article dealing with the Home for our aged members, there was included a letter frem Brother Robert Thompson, who GEAR mri NC mA UU i, a resides in Florida, praising the selection of Florida as a site for the Home. Ina further communication received from srother Thompson he informs us that his letter has brought to him many let- ters from carpenters all over the coun- try. Some of these did not deal with the subject of the Home, and in his letter BrotLer Thompson says: “Fellow Craftsmen: “This is a subject that every union carpenter should take a personal interest in. Some of you may belong to other fraternal orders, and take more interest in the building of homes for the widows and orphans of those organizations. That is all in order and Las my sym- pathy. “But I say to you, fellow members, the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America, which you are a member of, and through which you hare protection, insurance of disability and death, and through which you earn your daily bread, has your first cla‘m. . “And don’t forget those of you who are enjoying good healih and are care- less, whether this home is built or not, some day it may fall to your lot to re- quire the assistance of this same home, as aged brothers, who through no fault of their own, may need to be housed and cared for in their declining years, where- by we may all say: Behold how good a thing it is, And how becoming well, _ Togetker such as brothers are In unity to dwell.” Brother Thompson tren goes on to offer a little timely advice and sugges- tion to carpenters thinking of going to Florida, in the winter time particularly. He says: “To all you paraniaee who do come, see that you are well financed Lefore you leave. And be true to your pledge and union principces.’ ‘Too many, I am sorry to say, forget that during tze tourist rush when the supply of carventers is greater than be demand. And those who ave not- well supplied will cut the other brother | by working for less money, that they a ;

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___ sdnetioned by our Local = THE CARPENTER 35 may pay expenses until they go back in the spring, while the local brothers loaf about unable to help themselves. “It is easy for John Doe to pay his dues six months in advance and come down to Florida and work for pleasure ' at a lower rate. Therefore, I say, fellow members, be true to your union prin- -ciples.’’ 2 -- e,? Conditions In G'obe-Miami District Editor, ‘‘The Carpenter”: Word having gone out that a big con- - struction progiam was soon to start in the Globe-Miami District is tending to flood this section with mechanics and laborers for whom there is no work at the present time. Actual construction work on the big bleacLing plant of the Inspiration Copper Company is not expected to start sooner than eight months ora year from now. Work on the great. San Carlos dam cannot possibly start sooner than one year, and it is very likely to be eighteen months. We are asking workers generally to take notice of this and be governed ac- cordingly. We will send out another letter informing you when this time comes. By order of: MIAMI LOCAL NO. 1538, UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CAR- : PENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA. J. C. SANDERS, President. C. H. PHILLIPS, Recording Secretary. — Apprentice School Opened Editor, ‘‘The Carpenter”: ’ The apprentice school system of L. U. 541, Washington, Pa., was inaugurated on Monday night, July 28, 1924, partly due to interest shown in the subject through articles appearing in ‘‘The Car- penter,’’ and partly due to the efforts of the apprentices themselves. We apprentices realize that sufficient training was lacking in our every-day work, and, in order to procure this neces- sary training, the apprentice school was Union and therefore duly organized. . The regular carpentry course put out by the Apprenticeship Commission of the New York Building Congress was adopt- 3 ee ed by us. It is our hope and belief that, by en- | Ss deavoring to become proficient mechan- ics, we can provide for the nation of to- morrow a capable and efficient class of carpenters. Also, that we may thus be instrumental in insuring and perpetuat- ing a unionism that will be an example to the rest of the world, of all that is trustworthy, honorable, and full of the higher and nobler things of life, A unionism that will stand the tests of time and circumstance. In the hope that the inauguration of our Apprentice School will be a land- mark in the history of L. U. 541, Wash- ington, Pa., the foregoing is set forth in explanation of the orgauisa les and aims of the same. R,. BE. COTTRELL, Secretary, Apprentice School. L. U. 541, Washington, Pa. 3s Information Wanted This is a picture of Eugene H. Rudy, formerly a member of L. U. 73, St. Louis, Mo., who kas not been heard of since July 31st, last. The missing man weighs 165 pounds, height, 5 ft., 3 in.; brown wavy hair, hazel eyes, and olive complexion. Anyone knowing his where- abouts please communicate with Mrs, Rudy, 2012. Crittenden St., St. Louis, Mo, 3 of 3 Brother O. K. Messmore was admitted to L. U. 184, Salt Lake City, Utah, by clearance card on September 19, 19238. Since then this member kas been miss- ing. Anyone knowing of his where- abouts please communicate with R. M. McQuarrie, Financial Secretary, L. U. 184, United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners, Labor Temple, 151 2nd East St., Salt Lake City, Utah. i Careful, Now! He—Wtrew! It’s hotter than She (warningly )—Robert! He—-yesterday.—

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Chips avd Shavings — = - - . SSR Ne eR Se It was one of the most business-like and constructive Conventions in the his- tory of our Brotherhood. bd a When labor is true to itself it will have no further need to ask favors of its ‘‘friends.”’ Bo bg * Show your faith in the products of your fellow workers by patronizing the Union Label. % * * One way to be a success is to select a modest goal not beyond reach of your rated horsepower. * of %* Most things that we learn from ex- perience come under the head of com- pulsory education. * * % Don’t forget that organization in- ereases wages and shortens the working day, making work steadier. * * * The only thing the unorganized ever accomplished was to prevent the organ- ized from making better headway. e * Pay your dues promptly — then you will always be in good standing and dues won’t accumulate to a large amount, * %* % “If the rich mect to reduce wages, that’s a conference; if the poor resist the reduction, that’s a conspiracy.”’’— Robert G. Ingersoll. 1K * Sd The trade union offers the opportunity to wage earners to think and act out their thoughts in a unified effort for the improvement of society. * * * Attend every meeting possible and stay until it is adjourned—then you will know what is going on and the problems we have to meet. ES * Ld The Krupp firm in Germany is now making false teeth of steel. Wouldn’t they be useful to the restaurants in this country? Why not loan the customer who orders tenderloin a set of steel teeth ~ instead of a steel knife? — Synthetic wood is being made from sawdust, in Minnesota. This product, made into boards four feet wide and sixteen feet long, comes in thickness of 4% inch to & inch. * * * It is claimed that it has a uniformity that is lacking in natural wood; it may be sawed, nailed, sanded, and finished like ordinary lumber. * * * More than half of the membership of the United Brotherhood which was in Canada four years ago is now in the United States, having emigrated in search of employment. *k * * In after life you may have friends— fond, dear friends—but never will you have again the inexpressive love and gentleness lavished upon you which none but a mother bestows.—Macaulay. ok * * The best paid labor is union -labor. The best value in product is that bear- ing the Union Label. Economically it is more for money. Tthically it is sound, and rounds out in practical form the ob- ligations which a union man owes to himself, and the institution of which he — is a part. . * * * More than ten thousand workers in Canada were discharged from their em- | ployment at the beginning of August last, according to the returns furnished the Dominion Government by 5,727 firms making such reports. Immigration into Canada from Europe is being stead- ily encouraged, while thousands who have been in Canada some time are clamoring to get into the United States. : * % * A visitor to an insane asylum saw a guard in charge of about one hundred inmates out for exercise. The visitor inquired of the guard if he was not afraid of being attacked by one of the lunatics. The guard replied: ‘No, I can lick any one of them.” “Yes,” said — the visitor, ‘but suppose they all at- — tacked you?’”’ “Oh, there is no fear of that,” said the guard. “It would require organization, and the only peoples who do = not organize are insane peop aa i) : 4

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THE CARPENTER = 3F DON’T SACRIFICE SUBSTANCE FOR SHADOW BW COS OLITICIANS of all parties seem to be vieing with va each other just now in Vi ealling attention to what QQ De) a they regard as the good ets) wages and working con~ ditions of the American mechanic, as compared with those of European work- men. A word in season on this subject: The ' better wages and conditions of American workmen only apply to those of them who are organized. And those who are organized do not owe any thanks to pol- iticians of any party for the improve- ments the workers have made in the conditions of their employment. They accomplished it by one means and one means only—organization. As long as they remember that, and keep it up, so long will they continue to WORKDAY IS SHORTER Investigations completed by the Unit- ed States Department of Labor indicate that the condition of the American wage earner has beén greatly bettered in two directions in the last two years. That Organized Labor has been a big factor in bringing about this improvement is not denied. While wages on the average have more than doubled since 1913, hours of labor, averaging the country over, are 6 per cent shorter than they were in that same year. The growth of wages has been very much faster than the decline in the working day and the study shows that the principal wage increases came with ‘the rise in commodity prices during the war period. Since then, however, wages have not decreased, but increased ‘slightly. In 1917 wages had climbed 14 per cent above 1913. Then came the peak wardemand for men and the rising prices of commodities, and by 1920 wages were 99 per cent above 1913, and they did not immediately deflate with the slump that came late in that year, for 1921 showed them at 105 per cent above 1913. In 1922 there was a drop of 12 per cent and then a new jump to the present figure. The shortening of the workday has been more gradual. In 1920 it showed _ 6 per cent less than 1913 and has not = ehanged pupreciably: since. progress. The day when they depend upon politics or politicians to get them what they have formerly obtained through organization, they will be S. O. L.—severely out of luck. It would bea very costly disillusionment, and one that would take many years of work to over- — come. Moral: Stick to your trade union. Make that your first and last line of de~ fense for your wages and working con- ditions. Then you won’t have to sacri- fice hard earned progress, for the priv- ilege of proving that politics and poli- . ticians are wretchedly poor substitutes for the reliable strength which organiza- tion among workmen gives them, when dealing with their employers. In other words,—if you want the job done right, do it yourself. Don’t rely unon ‘‘friends of labor.”’ TOO OLD AT THIRTY Skyscrapers and office buildings erect- ed thirty years ago are out of date, and their modernization is one of the major problems of city development, according to Earle Schultz, President of the Na- tional Association of Building Owners and Managers, “Until thirty years ago there were few high buildings in American cities,’’ said Mr. Schultz. “In the years that have followed we have seen the sky- lines reach greater heights, but the great amount of building in the late ’90s today brings us face to face with the problem of refitting and rehabilitating many of these old buildings for further service. ‘Studies made by our organization in- dicate that buildings past one score and ten are approaching the point of obso- lescence. Until now we have not been compelled to give the older office build- ings -much thought, but now with so great a number of the old-time office buildings reaching a place where their usefulness may be questioned, it is im- perative that we ascertain the best ways and means of preventing losses that would total millions of dollars. “The high cost of building material of the present day makes it all the more urgent that we conserve the material in the older structures.’’ —$—$ $$$ ——_—__——. Joining a union and then failing to stay in it is the surest Way, to put a drag on the movement. _

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Craft Drob oms aS —— > LT Apprentice Course—Roof Framing LESSON NO. 4 (By Rowland Hill, L. U. 29, Cincinnati, O.) In this lesson we present for your study and consideration what might seem to you at first glance somewhat in- tricate, but if you will study it you will find it quite easy to understand. As you will note, this roof contains eight hips and three valleys. All rafters are to be 2x6 in., except hips and val- leys. Hips 2x§ in. single, valleys 2x8 in, doubled, hips backed and valleys chan- neled. We are showing an elevation of roof with frills omitted. Also an attic plan which shows the seat of hips and val- leys. Then a framing plan such as you should make before you start to cut out this roof. Fig. 1 is elevation. Fig. 2, attic plan. The dotted lines show seats of hips and valleys. Fig. 3, the framing plan, showing where rafters are single and double. To Find Total Rise of Roof Draw outside wall lines through cor- nice, to an intersecting line with rafter pitch line as at A-A and A-A, Fig. 1. Lay a straight edge to these points and mark as below the main ridge. The rise will be the feet and inches from top of ridge to this point found. We make it 12 ft., lin. This is the rise of roof. We are considering the main ridge only, aS on account of an equal pitch all over, this main section establishes the cuts, bevels, difference in length of all common, jacks, and cripples, in the en-~ tire roof. - WMoor plan shows main section as 29 ft. wide, then, as the ridge is in the cen- ter, one-half would be 14 ft., 6 in. This is the run of the common rafters for this section. Have a piece of.12 in. board with edges straightened, say 4 ft. long, two 12 in. lengths of 1% in. lattice to be used for the slide strip. Abbreviations—S-S for slide strip. S-E for straight edge. With blade of square in right hand lay to S-E 14% in. mark, on blade (run) 12-1-12 in. mark on tongue, (rise) we are framing at one inch scale now— Tongue Rise Slide Strips S-B-Btraicht Rage Beat. Ny nese | i Blade. Length of Common, then while in this position on the S-E board brad down one piece of lattice strip snug against the blade of square, being careful to preserve exact position of the square while doing this. See Fig. 1-A. Keep end S-S ¥% in. from edge of S-E as then it will not hide edge markings. Then with square set at 14% in. mark on blade, and 12-1-12 in. mark on tongue, and strip snug to blade, knife mark on S-E square away from these points; then the measured distance be- tween these points is the length of the common rafters for this main section, % thickness of ridge to be deducted. See Fig. 1-A. The blade side of square is the foot eut to fit on plate. The tongue side is the plumb cut to fit against ridge. There are only two cuts required on common rafter, as the plumb cut at ridge is also the plumb cut for heel. We designate these cuts as plumb cut, foot cut, and heel cut. See Fig. 1-C. Jacks. All Jacks Have Foot Cut. _ To find difference in length of jacks for 16 in. centers, lay square blade — against S-S, with 16 in. mark to edge of S-B at the permanent knife mark on”

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THE CARPENTER 40 vO-Zl 40-0" PN re Re ae ee ON a ATT TAS Nene aN oe ROY: ne Lae: BG (Re Aa IB. gee ae ee ee Ce St PAS en Os EN ae Z et Ih ie aN 32 *-O* 2 ae \ ee oo Ye I is is 14! + F 21-0" a fn} ; a A, al

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edge. (Note—this mark is unchange- able, as it is the starting point for every - proposition as regards lengths of all - eommon jack, and cripples in this roof.) Then knife mark on same edge at inter- section of edge with tongue of square. The measured distance between marks will be the number of inches difference in length for 16 in. centers. Jack lengths are taken on center line; top edge. Make deduction for % thickness of hip on longest jack, then with this as a pat- tern the difference will be regular. Cripple Rafters Have No Foot Or Heel Cut ‘Where cripples run from hip to valley, as in section C one-half of Hip also one- half of valley thickness must be deduct- ed when lengths are taken from center » to center. If from ridge to vailey, one- half of ridge and ons half of valley. Full explanation later in this lesson. : Rafters for Sec. A=A. Plan shows this section to be 17 feet wide. As 8 ft., 6 in. is one-half of 17 feet, 81% in. mark run on blade to S-S, mark square away where tongue crosses edge of S-E, measure between marks, then this measurement is the length of commons for section A-A. De- ' duct one half of ridge. You will notice _ that main hip does not run through this ' section. See framing plan. Jack lengths same as above. Section D Ses in of common rafters, thus the run g knife mark on S-E, and snug against 8 21 feet wide, one half width is the THE CARPENTER | 41 would be 10 ft., 6 in. Lay square snug against S-S 10% in. mark at knife mark, at intersection of tongue with S- KE, mark; measure, this is length of com- mons for section D. Jacks as explained above. Sections B and B. The square angle of wall joining sec- tions B and D is marked 4 ft. Then the run of cripples should be 4 ft. Lay square to S-E at S-S 4 in. mark on blade to knife mark, mark at tongue. A bet- ter way we have found is to double these small runs, say 8 ft. instead. Find this measurement and take one half. This balances the tool beiter, giving better alignment with the slide strip. Let us. give an example so you may clearly un- derstand. Should we wish to find the diagonal of 3 in. and 8 in. with the. square; we would say 4 times 3 is 12, and then lay square to a straight edge 12 and 12. As we would find this to be 17 in. we would say one fourth of 17 is 4% in.; as 4 times 4% is 17. But, the question is, what is the length of these B and B cripples? Ordinarily we have the student find the length after we instruct him how to find it, as it takes the joy out of study to have ‘he instructor seemingly try to make a rubber stamp roof framer out of h .. Let us try it this way. Lay blade of square to S-S with 4 in. mark to edge of S-UJ, mark at tongue, then if that shows at inch seale 5 ft, 2% in. you can consid: it as about right. But if not sure about it, double the run, making it 8 in. on S-E, mark at tongue. If this measurement makes it 10 ft. and 4% in. you may feel sure you are right. This is a check up of your work, and it pays to doit, as it is an easy matter to get befuddled over these little things. This measurement of 5 ft., 2% in. for B cripples means from center of valley to center of hip, you will deduct for them as shown in Fig. B. Were you to draw a working plan of this roof to an inch scale, doing it very carefully, you could, regardless of its spacings of rafters, very quickly find the length of any particular common, jack or cripple, by measuring the run of same as shown on your working plan. Each particular rafter mark on this plan would be the run of that particular rafter. Study this assertion, try it. We now come to the question of re-— = ducing for hips, ridges, and valleys. As all lengths are figured on the top edge tee se = ae

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42 THE CARPENTER and center line of same, it is best to know how to determine the amount ne- cessary to deduct from the run, so that. cripples will fall to their place, lining up with the job. You will now study Fig.-B. We do not claim to be a good draftsman, but do try to make things clear. So don’t ¢ your straight edged board over and have the other piece of lattice ready. We use same rise of roof for hips and valleys, 12 ft. and 1 in. rise, but the run is dif- o> Straight edged Board <_ Uf length of Afp Rafter --— 2 OF Hip Kafters ferent. As the building is 29 ft. wide, with hip regular, we must first find. the diagonal of 14 ft., 6 in., and 14 ft., 6 in., this will be the run of main hips. Lay square to S-E 14% in. blade, 14% in. tongue, knife mark at both Sides on S-E, measure, see if this is not 20 ft., 6% in., scant, this is the run. Then lay your square down on S-E board Fig. H 20% in. on blade, 12 and 1-12th in. on tongue. Apply slide strip against blade. When sure all is right mark Square away from these figures on edge of S-E, measure the distance from mark to mark, this is the length of main Hips. See how near 28 ft. and 9% in. you come on trial for length, is this strong or scant? The run of a hip is the level distance from corner of building to a plumb mark on attic floor from top central point of hip when raised to its proper position. Note-—In strictly steel square fram- ing, small fractions of an inch are taken into consideration by the terms, “‘seant”’ and ‘‘strong.’”” We have i2ths on the framing side of square, and leave the subdivision of the 12th to the keen eye ter of 12 we say % in, If less we say If knife mark shows cen-

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THE CARPENTER 43 seant. If slightly more we say strong, and act accordingly. If we talked to you in terms of hundredths of an inch we would have a small audience of appren- tices, and this work need never have been done. But we know we are reach- ing you. Letters of thanks from ap- prentices prove it, and remember this boys! For encouragement, 90 per cent of all the carpenters in the U. 8S. could not frame this roof complete on the ground; ready to nail up. If you can learn to do it you pass above that 90 per cent in roof framing, Side Bevel for Hips and Valleys to Fit at Ridge The length of hip on blade, run of hip on tongue, blade side gives the side bev- el. Where the pitch of roof is equal all over as in this case, this bevel will ap- ply for any hip or valley of any length ‘in the roof. The side bevel for top end at ridge is also the proper bevel at heel of hips and valleys. Backing Hips Fig. XX Lay square to S-E 20% in., (hip run) on blade, 12 and 1-12 in. (rise of roof) on tongue, pencil mark along both sides of square, run side is foot cut, rise side is plumb cut. To find backing line, for hip, on foot cut line measure one half thickness of hip stuff from corner of S- E. Mark this point, a line parallel with edge of S-E and running through this point is the amount of backing required, a center line on top edge, then chamfer both corners off to these lines. _. For channeling valleys, double the - amount of chamfer as it extends entire- 4 across full Bopueiee ) Reducing Length for One-Half Thickness of Ridge Common Rafters. If ridge was 2 in. thick, and run of common rafter was 14 ft, and 6 in., shortening the run one inch would do it. But my boy, don’t do it, You will get balled up sure if there are several sections, because you will have an added list of figures to contend with, The best way is to lay off the common full length, without considering ridge at TAKE LENCTH-FROM-HERE $1DE- BEVEL ~ NS UT-Te-THI$-L1We, oS all. But after it is laid off, measure one half thickness of ridge stuff square back from full length plumb cut mark. Then another plumb cut mark at this point © and cut off there. But, for hips it is different. When getting the length of hip from run and rise, you find the length without any consideration of ridge. So then, if a ridge must go in; a portion of this hip must be cut off at top to make room for the ridge. The hip line approaches the ridge line at an angle of 45 degrees, this line runs to center of ridge, if the ridge is 1% in, thick, we have % in. as one half of the thickness, then this 45 degree line passing through this one half thickness measures 1 and 2-12.ths in. You can lay off the top end of hip with side bevel marked on top edge, plumb cut on side ready to cut off, and then mark square from plumb cut line a distance of 1 and 2-12ths in. mark. Then apply another plumb cut line passing through the point marked. On top edge and center line at point where side bevel line (first S-B line made) crosses this center line, (Fig . X) tack a brad, hook on your tape and lay off the length of hip rafter, not eonsider- ing the ridge. But when you cut off at: top end, cut off at the serena peeking.

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44 THE CARPENTER this 1 and 2-12ths in, is a reduction of run. But we dont do it that way in actual - practice, we just pick up a piece of %th stuff and tack it on the cut beveled end flush with the top edge, carry over it the top center line, tack a brad on this line on outside corner of the %th and meas- ure on down for length, then knock the piece off. Brother, take your choice, one is technical, the other practical. Foot of Hip—Fig. X-I. The foot cut is marked from the run side of square. Heel cut is the plumb cut, the reverse bevels are same as side bevel at top. The 4 inches of heel is measured from backing line as shown. Short Hips—Sec. D and A-A For balance of hips and valleys we ad- vise use of S-E with slide strip. Find the run of hips for section D. This sec- tion is 21 ft. wide, one half that width is 10 ft. and 6in, Then the diagonal of 10 ft., 6 in. and 10 ft., 6 in—14 ft., 10 and 2-12th in.—would be the run. Ap- ply same method as for main hips. Sec- tion A-A is 17 ft. wide, one-half of 17 ft. is 8 ft. and 6 in., find the diagonal meas- © urement of these figures, that will be the run. Apply to S-E as for main hips. Valley rafters for Section D are ex- actly the same length as Section D hips measured on their top central line to their central intersecting point at top. There will not be any deduction for ridge, as ridge does not come between them. See Fig. B-X up to this central point then they are the same length, but, you will have to add 2 ft. and 10 in. ad- ditional to the self-supporting half in order to reach the main hip for support. Note—The 2 ft. and 10 in. should read additional to the run of the a ing half. On framing plan at Fig. A-B we illus trate the method of finding the addition- ig-A-Be- + \wait al length of run for this one half valley. - Also in detail Fig. A-B we form a square of 4 ft., bounded by two jack lines and two portions of wall lines. If we will consider the diagonal of this 4 foot — square as being 5 ft. and 8 in. scant, — then one half of 5 ft. and 8 in. would be 2 ft, and 10 in. which amount we :

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THE CARPENTER es - add to the run. Then if the run of this valley, D, is 14 ft. and 10 in., we should add to this supporting half 2 ft and 10 in. additional thus making its total run 17 ft. and 8 in. However, through that ‘‘red tape,’’ we draw our framing section for this problem on a piece of clean board at inch scale, with 2. sharp knife point and scale the run. A iin. scale is better we admit as a closer measurement can be made,—at this scale an eighth is an inch. Let us add, one half thickness of hip must be deducted, tke cut is a square plumb cut. Vig. B-X shows proper framing for valleys at top intersection, all square plumb cuts. Double valley A-A is just same length -as A-A hips. The top cuts one half on ridge, other one half against hip. The hip side one half is square p!umb cut, other side has a side bevel to fit at ridge. Reduce for kip and ridge. The Short Hip We advise the student to take the run for this hip from his framing plan, and then get length from S-E and S-S. Thus when plan is drawn and rafter spacings decided on draw in the rafter lines and mark the common you wish to run to. Then scale the run. The low ridge joins against hip. Summary Lengths are measured on top edge. Lengths of jacks, cripples, hips, and valleys, are measured on top edge center. Lengths are the diagonal of run and rise. When straight edged board is com- plete with slide strip, and set to run and rise, it is set for all and every length of rafter of that pitch. When set for hip, it is set to find length of all hips and valleys of that pitch. When square is set to S-E at total run and rise, the S-S is set snug against run side, A 4in. heel on common requires a 4in. heel on hips and valleys. On hips show 4 in. from backing line. On valleys 4 in. on outside edges of heel. And finally Brethren, if you should want to ask me any questions about this or other lessons, please send a stamp for reply. | Fraternally yours, ROWLAND HILL, 3 4438 Allenbam F, . Cincinnati, O. in practice we never go THE HISTORY OF PAPER Who made the first sheet of paper? The credit for this achievement, accord- ing to the American Forestry Associa-~ tion, is due to a scholarly eunuch named Ts’ai-In, of China, a member of the court of the Han dynasty, in the year 75 A. D. For his achievement Ts’ai-lun was, forty years later, raised to the rank of marquis. It appears that Ts’ai-lun be- lieving that old bamboo tablets and sty- lus had outlived their usefulness, set for himself the task of making new writing materials. After thirty years he produc- ed the first hand sheet of paper, and it was made from the bark of a mulberry tree. Prior to Ts’ai-lun’s day, trees and various barks used in crude form had served the Egyptians, Romans and other nations as paper. Ts’ai-lun, however, did not use the crude inner bark of the tree as the final material on which to make his records. He did use the bark but merely as a raw material from which he produced a finished sheet of paper by a series of processes which, crude a3 they may seem today, were the forebears of paper manufacture of to- day. For eight centuries after Ts’ai-lun’s discovery, China monopolized the art of paper making. She managed to keep the process secret until it was captured by the Arabs, who improved upon-it by forsaking the mulberry tree and using linen or cotton rags instead. Thus wood, as a raw material for paner making, pas- sed into oblivion until the dawn of the nineteenth century. Even up to 1860, rags were Socata used in paper making. Most books on paper making date the first wood pulp process from 1840, but the American Forestry Association cites evidence to show that it was forty years earlier. A quaint little volume dedicated — to George the Third was printed in Lon-~ don in 1800. The writer cf the book was one Mathias Koons. Most of the pages of the book are made from straw, but the appendix appears quite different, and as to it, Koon says: “The following lines are printed on paper made frem wood alone, the pro- duce of this country, without any inter- mixture of rags, waste paper, bark, straw, or any vegetable substance.’ OO Nothing hurts your union so much as : es the indifference of the members. ete leaves of | aS

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DEMAND THAT your next pair of CARPENTERS OVERALLS be equipped with extra heavy drop forged buckles with heavy wire Clasps attached at top of bib and your DHA dealer will sell you a =) \\eu\ (||| genuine HEADLIGHT # iba) ieal CARPENTERS OVERALL C4 ' — This isthe SUSPENDER CLASP _ Look for this sign in your dealer’s that is guaranteed to stand the strain -- window. He sells the genuine Head- light Union Made Carpenter’s Overalls LARNED, CARTER & CO. WORLD’S GREATEST OVERALL MAKERS Factories and Branches Detroit, St. Louis, San Francisco, Perth Amboy, N.J.; Casadlad Factory :Toronto, Ont. 5-7-9 Union Square, New York City 230 S. Wells Street, Chicago 160 Whitehall Street, Atlanta, Ga. FREE BAROMETER Send Coupon For Barometer And Sample of HEADLIG HI arpentsts Oxeralls Sus i \ ‘ ers strain ret mentored wa NIA Batra RA WP , ms / j bib ARSY| 4 it BIG EruaTS In1 Plastergon Wood Board PLASTERGON is more like lumber than ordinary wall boards. It is made exclusively of NORTHERN SPRUCE. Tougher and stronger than other wall boards. Actual tests prove this. The Plastergon Wall Board RRS INSIST on P LASTERGON 196 Philadelphia Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. brand. It is fully guaranteed. | Please send me one of your Barom- eters—also literature on PLASTER- If your local dealer can not 7 GON Wood Wall Board. | supply you— Write us. [stor pra gaeoree

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Showing Hous- line being ap- plied directly to raftersin unfin- ished attic. IE keers the heat in the house. = Housl.ne being ap- = plied before a new | roof is laid. It keeps the heat in 4 the house. Au field for profitable business for Carpenters is opened up by Johns-Manville Housline. Housline is an extremely efficient insulating material for buildings. It is far more efficient than ordinary building felts and should not be confused with them. The diagram shows three ways you can apply Housline to make old houses warmer and more comfortable. Owners of hard-to-heat, draughty houses are all good prospects for this kind of work. It is also a big seller for lining garages. Housline is now being backed by a nation wide sales campaign. Adver- ne tisements in the Literary Digest and other magazines are explaining its advantages to the public. There will be a profitable business in applying it. Write for complete details. JOHNS-MANVILLE Asbestos / Housline R | pesen skeetv ag Crs Ine., 292 Madison Ave., 41st St., N. ¥. ¢. tee in 62 Large Cities Pay Canada’ Canadien Ttoahne Menritile Cn.. Ltd.. Toronto. Housline should be applied on — sidewalls when- ever exterior is remodelled with Stacco, etc. {[t — keeps the heat in the house.

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re + See BS Audels new set for Masons and Builders is a practical, ae up-to-the-minute trade assistant for Bricklayers, Plasterers and all Cement Workers. A complete course and trade-teacher for the apprentice; a working sa companion for the Journeyman; a ready refer- “™&~—sence for the boss builder; a practical instructor @ for the home builder. These Guides for Brick- layers, Stone masons, Cement workers, Plaster- ers and Tile setters are based on modern prac- tice. They explain in practical, concise lan- — guage and clear illustrations, diagrams, graphs and pictures, the methods, principles, advances and short cuts—including instructions on How to Figure and Calculate various jobs, AUDELS MASONS & BUILDERS GUIDES EASYTERMS §& | ONE DOLLAR PER MONTH @@ Complete set, 4 vols., price $6. Pocket size, flexible covers Gilt edge, clearly printed 1080 Pages—all easy to read 2067 Trade Illustrations Shipped for free trial, test and examination ' (GUIDE No. 1) Brick laying, clas- ee ae E CGC . now. Nothing to how to figure concrete work, costs of materia!s and carpen- ter work; Stucco, application on new and old buildings, concrete block Pay Postman. and tile walls, foundations. Fill in in pen-. cil and send © ao ee Souter (GUIDE No. 4) On wood and at ae ¢ % SS38 RUT Note en an 3 eee ee | = } metal, wali boards, plasterers’ : Y aS b's ° e ° Ps PL. AS : ee 4 materials and tools, plastering ~ > SSeS Bes ea 0” & :* — on stone, brick or _ concrete. & Se Y . Oa ea sy Ss SP Stone Masenry, selection and strength of stone, cutting, finishes, classi- °° RZ) A “> “ . dractirl stones Geams wit ede siveuus face; Bulag nue: GO SS OP SF SOS Se gtructural shapes, beams girders, riye rules; g Suggese s oS BEIT = Ae tions, garage, pavement, ice house, etc. . ; 4 OSS 2 Se

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A Complete Course in Practical Carpentry and Building Work POCKET SIZE= : “Valuable for Beginners or Old Timers"* T have looked over my Audel Guides and find the arrangement of subjects and tho simple way it is explained make the books very valuable for the beginner: FLEXISLE 7 ee = be hate: ee mlehty. COVERS == randy or the old timers—Koss Smith, 3100 ILLUS- = Seed ioc om Care TRATIONS penters’’ == 1600 It is the most handy reference work that I ever came in contact with. PAGES It is the very thing that the build- ing mechanic needs eyery day for reference.— George H. Wateon 36 Munson St. Long Island. City, N. Y. “Guides Save Hard Knocks’’ The Guides are truly wonderful ard should be in the hands of all young carpenters as well ag a lot of the older heads. If I had such information 20 years age they would have saved me many @ hard knock. — : Be SES oe ; ee Se G. M. McJohnston, R.R.1. me Bis : Re 1 Hammond, Ind. “*Good for Amateurs’ The books are surely worth more than the pure chase price; especially aa they serve as a guide to the nonprofessional like myself who is trying to build himself a home at the least expense, —Otto FF. Schulze; P. O. Box 143, Westmont, Illy inna SENT ox ee € = : APPROVAL! & NEW IDEAS—MODERN METHODS—SHORT CUTS — This course, “Audel’s Guides for Carpenters and Bui!d- | cuts, time and labor saving sugzestions, new ways. that ers,” consists of 4 handy vo'umes of over 1500 pages with | cover the entire theory and practice of the subject illus- & thoroughly illustrated charts, diagrams, granhs, pictures | trated by sketches and forms a'l specific and practical. i A with calculations for every job from making the excava- | Audel’s Guides give you the short cut, professional 7 & RB tion to constructing the entire building. You will find | information you want. No need to guess or take ra) ¥ ms) these new Guides most complete and comprehensive in| chances. Every dey you have before you in this ef <9 . ‘ addition to being both timely and practical. There are | set the exact, practical, uscful information that 7 Fy Yo ° ao 8700 actual examples of efficient construction work with | will he'’p you with every job that comes up in & Oe ser < + : . & Ay ° new methods, ideas, solutions, plans, systems, short | your daily work. @ & & 2 ; ie 0 W To Handle the Job | tion for Carpenters, Builders, Join NO MONEY! 4 @ ‘e vn, Z ae : ers, Building Mechanics and al That Puzzles YOU | Sroodworkers on Care and Use cf | MERELY SEND“ ey Ce ea There are thousands of examples of | Tools—How to Use the Steel Square ; ‘ Z modern construction and building | —YileSaws—Make All Kinds of Joints COUPON AND fy oO ° ° = a work — new methods, new ideas, —Draw and Read Plans—WriteSreci-| LOOK THE AS S : = : fications—Make Estimates — How to proved efficiency plans, short cuts, | fame Roofs and Houses— Lay Out | SET OVER 4 e . ° ad \v e _ ° * ° time saving suggestions, new was | Work—Put in Foundations—Full In- AT / So & ° Aa, oa that cover the entire theory and ]} struction on In and Outside Building : er es eS eee practice of modern carpentry. Every | Work—Stair Building—Saw Mill Work AUDEL $ 7 oy FH oe . . ” Pes point is easy to read and understand | 5). racfical Painting ce = RISK / Re foe Ee See and clearly illustrated with sketches | — information ‘usually obtained only 7 ay Sse SY ee and forms. Inside Trade Informa- } by hard experience. 7 Cs) 3 & st FE ese §26. f e ‘ .'}) 4 oS) - ° on <a as Se 4 ' ; EXAMINATION “Seco 6 6 © 8 6 7 SR Notacent to pay until you see the v4 SLD . . , Ng ees. © %& wy . 4 ; 7 = books. Noobligationtobuyunless / @Q , “SA ;° Sis eg Paes ‘= youaresatisfied. Fillincoupon 7 kp 8 SS eee eee eee oS st = in pancts. song Ce en 7 oe 2 os Fos s S Po aSeger Sposa te = get this great he rary for Sy, a = . ae a 4 : carpenters and builders, ¢ UP. a Aa e Ff tas eect

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_BABSON BROS. Br Sis34 Cie Nt iy tu —————————— YON. - “There is no heater to compare with Bulldog. I burned _ the Bulldog does with coal! Now read, in the letter of 2/2 tons of coal last winter and heated five rooms and a = Mr. Redetzke, what it does with about the iowest grade bath.”—Walter Geary, Gloucester, Mass. That's what fuel you can think of ! Why not cut down your fuel bills? Heats Home for 25c a Week Heats Seven Rooms Instead of One! Cuts Coal Bills in Half **I can run my bulldog turnace for **Your letter received asking about the ‘‘I had a hot air furnace in our 7-room house before fourteen days in normal weather Bulldog furnace, Wehaye hed oursin I got the Bulldog and our house was always cold, conditions on the actual cost of fifty about six weeks and so far ff does all With the Bulldog it only takes half as much coal and cents." So writes F. R. Redetzke, bavson Bros.clamuforic. Wehaveseven we had weather below zero, and the house was nice of Cleyeland, North Dakota, andhe = rooms, four on the first floor and three and warm in the morning when we gotup. We never adds: “‘Hard to believe, is it? That’s on the second, andit heatsthem fine. We have the draft onmore than half an hour at a time, what some of my neighborsthought _findit takes alittlemorecoaltoheatthe and it has the place red hot. It is easy to regulate until I showed them! We have an whole house thanitdidtoheatoneropom and keeps the fire all day in mild weather " unlimited amount of grain screen- with a stove using chestnut coal.’’—J.B. Jess T. Conrad; ings which I use for fuel.’’ ; Smith, 19 Elm St., Somerville, N. J, 1211 W. Arch St. Shamokin, Pa, No Money Down! Comes Completely Erected. You Install It Yourself. The Bulldog is sent to you for free inspection. Then,if Allman, of Topeka, Kansas. Don’t put up with the old satisfied, you make only small monthly payments at our fashioned stove heat or some outworn furnace — when remarkably low price. Write today! Don’t miss this youcansoeasily get the greatest advance in scientific chance to cut down your fuel bills! Jnstalla Bulldog heating at an astonishingly low price. The Bulldog burns Furnace. It comes to you completely erected— goes almost amy kind of fuel, from hard coal to cheap screen- through any door—fi‘s any height of basement—and you ings. Keeps a wood fire over night. We have factory install it yourself in lessthantwo hours! ‘‘Gettingit up connections in both east and west and ship from the was just work enough to settle my supper,’’says Wm. wxzarest point. Send for Free Book? Learn how to have all the heat you want—where you want it—and Save money! Remember the Bulldog is different—and better! Complete combustion of gases save 25% of your fuel bill. Exclu- sive Gable-Top Radiator receives ail the direct rays of the fire. Exclusive oblong fire-pot is not only ideal for coal, but enables you Babson Bros., Dept. 16-97 ipeless Furnace. to keep a wood fire over night. Remember—the Bulldog is sent for NOME..--n-n0-----n0-eennennnnnnnannnannnnene aeiek ae free inspection—then small monthly payments at an amazingly low price! Send for Free Book TODAY 3 PEP a ee ey ees oe te TED GER ERRRRSES RTE ESES SERRE SESSCRSeaKee 19th St. and California Ave., Chicago, Ill. Without obligating me in any way, please send me Saad free catalog and special offer on the Bulldog

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Mail The FREE | Coupon Below There is such an urgent demand for practical, trained Draftsmen that Iam making this special offer in order to enable deserving, ambitious and bright men to get into this line of work. I will teach you to become a Draftsman and Designer until you are Drawing a salary of $250 a month. You need not pay me for my personal instruction or for the complete set of instruments, Eut you must take advantage of this special offer at once. $300 a Month Salary= $450 on the Side at Home! ‘That’s the kind of money my drafting students make. Read what this one says: “‘As a beginner I am doing fine. Am earning a@ salary of $300 per month, besides I made over $450 at home the last two months, drawing pics for private parties. The practical drafting train- ing you gave me by mail put me where I am in less than six month’s study. Thank you for all your personal interest and help you gave me so far.” (Signed) J. B. (Name and address upon request) Chief Draftsman Dobe | J Guarantee Zo Train You Until You Are Placed in a Po- sition Paying up to $250 and $300 a Menth Write and I'll tell you how I make you a first-class, big- money-earning draftsman ina very few months! I do this by a method no other man or institution can imi- tate. I give you personal training at home by mail until you are actually placed ina position paying up to $250 and $300 a month. Six thousand draftsmen are wanted every month. Free Book Send Coupon Today | No matter what plans you have for the future. Get this great book—“Successful Draftsmanship.” Find out about the simply marvelous opportuntiies ahead now. How the world needs draftsmen, engineers, architects and builders. What great salaries and pos- sibilities there are! Send conpon for free book today. Chief Draftsman, Engineers Equipment Co. 1951 Lawrence Ave. Div 16-97 ° Chicago, iil. CS Se ee re a sys ms 2 Drawing Instruments FREE Complete drawing outfit. Positlvely everything you need. Won-: derful instrument, splendid table. They are yours the minute you become my student. Chief Draftsman, Engineers Equipment Co. 1951 Lawrence Ave. Div.16-°97 Chicago, Ill. Without any obligation whatsoever, please mail your book “Successful Draftsmanship’’, and full particulars of your liberal “‘Personal Instruction” offer to few students. - GING. ccingieciccesesdevepcesnsestssabaciieeeaseee BOGS skcicadegnisiccesbasecasintetekiciesesees PaSt OffC6 oe rrserrseevesvevesoessens State... <0

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ey 3 =e | = U.S A. A Good File is True Economy It saves money that in- ferior files necessitate for replacements. It saves work that dull-edged tools might spoil. It saves delay---for which some one always has to pay. Sharpen your tools with NICHOLSON Files. It’sa pleasure to work with these keen-tempered, smooth cut- ting, dependable Files. NICHOLSON FILE G PROVIDENCE, RHCDE ISLAND: —- 7 o. "a File for Every Purpose LES

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Price $1.65inU.S. A. | = $2.00 in Canada. - WHY DEVELOP A GLASS ARM? The HELLER LINE Mechanic’s Tools FILES RASPS STEEL An epoch marking im- provement in the Ham- mer Industry. HELLER’S Shock Absorbing Hammer Featuring 1. A rubber cushion liner between the handle and hammer head. Set under extreme pressure, thus preventing any loosening whatever of the handle as the rubber cushion takes up all shrinkage. 2. Long Life—free from handle break- age. 3. A rubber cushion liner eliminating shock and vibration to the arm. A steady day’s work will prove this assertion. Try the new hammer and then your old fa- vorite. | 4. Finest Heller Hammer Steel. 5. Drop forged and hand finished by ex- F perienced craftsmen. _ : 6. A handle of finest selected second growth hickory procurable. 7. A rubber liner serving as additional pro- tection for work around electric wires, etc. p 4 c Have your Hardware dealer supply you. If he is unable to do so, mail us your Money Or- der with his name, specifying weight and style hammer required and we will send direct to you. Heller Brothers Company . Newark, N. J., U. S. A. Good Tools Since 1236

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Taintor Positive Saw Sets have Set the Standard and Set the Saws for over a Quarter Century. <Are they setting Your saws? If not, talk it over with your Hardware Dealer. TWO STYLES, REGULAR No. 7, and No. 74 WITH DOUBLE PLUNGER Send for Book: ‘‘Care of Saws.”’ Free to members of the Brotherhood. Taintor Mfg. Co. New York City. THE RUSTLESS RULE | spetial thoy"? Mae ininum. REG. U.S. PAL OFE Here ts THE Rule every Carpenter and Builder should have. It won’t rust, weighs little, has brass joints, costs less than a steel rule, yet is just as dur- able, has large black figures and accurate graduation, together with permanent legibitity. Made in lengths 2 to 8 ft. end section graduated in 32nds. If your dealer can not supply you send to us for printed matter and prices. THE RUSTLESS RULE CO., INC. 7 Lafayette Ave. Buffalo, N. Y. McGLINCHY CARPENTERS VISE Will hold selid a sash, door or any piece up to 3” thick, in any position necessary to work to the best advantage. . Let me furnish your local with circulars and lowest prices. F. E. McGLINCHY, Wi:loughby, O. Member—Local Union No. 1174. K & FE MEASURING TAPES F i= and FOLDING RULES Oy ae 4 Z | Used for over 40 years where quick and accurate ( i @ work is done. High quality without high price! R ae Ask to see our com- KEUFFEL & ESSER CO. pe toa Pie WP NEW YORK, 127 Futton Street General Office and Factories, HOBOKEN, N. 8. "2 4GHICAGO ST.LOUIS SANFRANCISCO MONTREAL\ ——e SPECIAL OFFER TO CARPENTERS —— there are no dealers handling our tools, complete details furnished on requcs.. Lhe Honeycomb Mitre Box is built with interchangeable parts which makes it superior to all other boxes. Head- quarters for the Rockford Extension Clamp. GET A NO-SET SAW FOR YOUR BOX Produces a. perfect, smooth cut. Users pronounce it the best mitre cut- ting saw on the market. Write today for catalog! ROCKFORD MITRE BOX CO. 98 Forbes St., Rockford, Ill. 95 Reade St. The Honeycomb Mitre Box | “LIGHTING FIXTURES” SCUNGMIZE = 0 ee ee READY TO HANG AUTOMATIC SASH HOLDERS Direct from manufacturer. pe ~ Blimina.. P ‘ oF way : Window Completely wired including glass With Packare Waser. Sash = Rattling «& Send for Catalogue No. 26. Weights, jj = SS) f Other Nui x (Just off the Press.) Cords, Pulleys, = Ti sances. Save :) Sneeiat ositt to’ Deal Balances. Etc. eS Time & Labor. pecial proposition to Dealers. , Ace —7 re ee cai ae ge Mention weight. ° ° of sash when ordering. ress Dept. C. i ° pene Pixie Supels S¢ HARDWARE SALES CO, Inc. 7 a : 30 Churh St.. New York City Room 446 THE Wayvell Chappell Auto- -ma-.io Ball Bearing Electric Floor Surfacing Machine is what you neéd to finish your new or old floors quickly and just the way you want them. Only surfacing machine havin The Little Automatic ee eee roller fanding even with base- Eiccitic Surfacing Ro The Best—There Are No Better | ard from either side of machine. ne (on e) is a Tool st : 5 ee ere: wonder for-femoving var- ee core se head. Write for our catalogue. nish from desk tops, counters, etc., or for all sorts of new work. THE L: & I. J. WHITE CO. ~ Write for folders. Accept our free trial offer. 15 Columbia St. ‘Buffalo, N.Y. | WAYVELL CHAPPELL & CO., 38N. Jackson St., Waukegan, fil. ——————— EE is MIE ee ee | eT

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7 i f | | | B WHITES ¢y Matchle ss Carpenter’s Level 28% ON-EASY. if ™ We DA"; 1 x =! t Ay ¥ bee ee Superior to any instrument within the limi- tationsofitsclass. Entirely complete, Simple directions make its use easy. owe A. S ALOE CO. 743" SSeS SSeS THE JAMES SWAN CO. Seymour, Conn. : N. Y. Office 28 Warren St. Manufacturers of Carpenter’s Tools Send for Booklet with an IMPROVED SCHLUETER Rapid Electric, Ball Bearing, Floor Surfacing Machine Carpenters everywhere are getting jnto the floor surfacing business with this handy, easily op- erated, rapid, automatic machine which costs but little and does the work of six men, lequires no previous experience to operate and does its work faster and better than any machine on tke market. Surfaces close up to the baseboard with- out use of edge roller, A Five Year Guarantee which has proven satis- factory to 29,000 users covers enzch machine, Write for prices and §& Gay free trial offer. M, L. SCHLUETER 230 West Iilinois St. Chicago, Illinois. Tremendous Saving In Cost Easy, fascinating work with our SIM- PLIFIED PLANS. We furnish blue prints, diagrams, motor, cabinet pieces, ready-built horn, etc. You don’t need to be a cabinet maker. A few hours as- sembling and you will have a fine in- strument at one-quarter the regularre- tail price. Will be the equal of any phonograph on the market in beauty of tone and appearance. Will play all records. Thousands have built their own machines and are securing satis- faction and pleasure. You too can build—do as well and save much money. AGENTS MAKE MONEY making and selling these instruments. Write today for full details and our FREE OFFER. LUPERL PHONOPARTS CO. 4936 N. Troy St. Dept. 25. Chicago, Il. SN) NT ini wn Mi) Mt yt SSS wk o "i 4 wS MORRILL SAWSETS Set Saws Just Right *“Saw Points’’ A Booklet On How To Joint, Set And File Saws. Free Upon Request. CHAS. MORRILL 96 Lafayette St. New York. Let WHITE handle the job FREE Use this famous combination instrument on your work NOW.. Good contractors, builders and architects find it ideal equipment with its exclusive features. No loose parts. : Protected spirit level (no in- verting). Powerful25 diameter lens. Combination level bars Perfectin and transit standards prevent details. = inaccuracies. Simple, depend- aa tie - able, thoroughly guaranteed. Accurate. # Get it on Soon pays % e for itself. 10 Days FREE trial No obligation. Write TODAY for full particulars. DAVID WHITE CO., INC. 904 Chestnut St., Milwaukee. LEVEL CARPEN TERS Learn How and What to Invent | Simple inventions, like the hook and eye, the crimped hair- pin, the tin bottle-cap, have made fortunes for inventors. You too may have _ ideas. Here. is a_ fascinating new course in. Invention by great inventors—the first ever written—that actually teaches you the real secrets of making money out of your ideas. Spare time study in your own home. = fe FE Read why you were born with instinct to invent, and how fascinating training can develop vont rs ed so e inventions. your ideas can be turned into profitab’ Read about the simple secrets that have mede famous inventors suc- cessful—what to invent, how to invent, how to get patents, how to meke big money from little ideas. thousands ef other priceless hints. Write today for the free hook. = Bureau of Inventive Science 1810 Wisner Bide.. Rochester,N.Y. The “INTERLOX” Thinks Invented by a Brotherhood Man Don’t use a stick or guess at a measurement. The famous “Interlox’” Master Slide Rule gives both inside and outside measurements instantly. Quick, accurate, dura*'e and rustproof. Use it once, and you will never work without it. Write today for liberal selling inducements to mechanics. MASTER RULE MFG. CO., INC. | 841C East 136th St., New York City

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_{Plumbing, Heating and Pneumatic Waterworks Supplies at Wholesale When in the market for Plumbing, Heating and ‘Pneumatic Waterworks Supplies and you wish to Save 20 to 40% on Every Article order from us. Small orders are as carefully Send for Catalog handled as large ones. Only house selling guar- anteed plumbing and heating supplies to all. B. KAROL & SONS CO., 804 So. Kedzie Ave., Chicago, Ii. | There Is No Better Machine | Made Than the Surfacer | | If you are interested in Floor Surfacing Machines be sure ; to write for the literature on the “Lightning Electric” —the highest quality and most economically priced g floor surfacer on the mar- : ket. Willdo the work oe of six to eicht men “BAYONNE’ ROOF AND DECK CLOTH may be imitated but it cannot be duplicated and do it better. Carpenters and builders the country over have for years used “Bayonne” as a Coy- No Old- ering for the roofs and floors of piazzas, Fashioned sun parlors, sleeping porches, etc. Side Roller It is absolutely waterproof. Requires no white lead bedding yet lays flat. It has proved its efficiency by long years of service, The “Lightning Electric” will surface right up to quarter round without the use of the Old-Fashioned and cumbersome side roller, Leaves NO waves or chatter marks in the roughest floors—will NOT vibrate. Five Day Free Trial and Five Year Guarantee Write for our five day free trial and our five year guaran- y tee on the best Floor Surfacing Machine the world has ever produced. Costs you nothing to investigate and the machine pays for itself the first month. A business making proposition for the contractor or individual—write today. National Sanding Machine Company Formerly The Globe Mfg. & Dist. Co. Sales Office: 20 East Jackson Bivd. Chicago, lilinois Write to the manufacturers for sample book “T” Ask for one of our repeat memo pads. JOHN BOYLE & CO., INC. ESTABLISHED 1860 puane st) NEW YORK reaoe st. BRANCH 1317-1319 PINE ST. ST. LOUIS For Absolute Protection Use The ~ DEAD UO) pot NIGHT LATCH An extra security on glass doors, as key may be turned once backwards, locking bolt so it can not be forced or knob turned without proper key. Easily installed on any door. Ask your dealer or write us direct. 7 INDEPENDENT LOCK CO., Leominster, Mass., U. S.

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CARPENTERS| AND ALL : Construction Men GET THis FREE INFORMATION! Shows you how to earn more money. It’s all about Blue Prints—tells .ow io read Blue Prints in your trade— shows you how to become a Foreman and Su- per:ntendent. Now is the time to get yourself ready for one of tkese big jobs. Don’t put it off or the weeks will slip by and you will miss your chance. Sit down now and write us—find out just how easy it will be for you. In writing, please state your trade— makes no difference how long you've worked at it. We will send you imme- diately all details of our plan, with free Blue Print and the free information on Blue Print Reading. DO YOU KNOW HOW TO ESTIMATE? If not send for Estimating Catalog and see how to figure building costs. You can earn more money and get to be a Superintendcnt. COLUMBIA CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL EST.19¢4 Dept. C-21, Drexel Bldg., Phila., Pa. ‘| Laid one room at ‘| a time, if more | convenient. No woodwork need be disturbed ‘| except the quarter- ‘| round at the ‘| baseboard. BLUE PRINT READING ute COLUMBIA CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL PMILADELFRIA BO RAO One man writes us: “I got 6 jobs out of 10 calls with your Sree books.”” You can do it, too! NEW FLOORS for OLD All women want bright, dustless floors, kept so with least possible ef fort. Oak floors save housework, and add beauty and value to any home. Now is the time to make money modernizing homes. We will help you. Make more money Tell women in your locality about oak floors. Show them our new booklet, “The Story of Oak Floors,” describing differ- ent grades, and illustrating in color the new modern finishes. _warure’s Grr Suggest they let you lay 34-inch oak OF EVERLASTING YOU WILL PROFIT by starting in flooring right over the old softwood BEAUTY , R floors, one room at a time, if more con- this business NOW and be your own venient. : 3 boss. Hundreds of carpenters have made Mail this . money by showing this book. Send for Coup On FALL and WINTER when people b a.copy, also a technical booklet that are ordering their supply of expensive will help you in laying and finishing. The books are free. Write for them today. Oak FLoorinc BuREAU 1051 Ashland Block, Chicago coal, is the harvest time for this work. IT ACTUALLY SAVES 25% to 30% 3 in fuel bills—the work is easy——-NO STOCK to CARRY as we fill and ship all orders within 24 hours after reach- ing us. Send Back the Coupon : Oak Fioorinc Bureau 1051 Ashlani Block, Chicago Please send me ‘The Story of Oak & | Floors,” and ‘‘How and Where to Use : i Oak Floors.”? | ALLMETAL WEATHERSTRIP CO., oe: 227 W. Illinois St., Chicago, Il. | TEU GENTLEMEN—Without obligation please send sam- = ples and literature. See | IE nn cael / Se 5 City Pees eS ok ch ae Sed ka cee cuts Ogi abies Bote LO Fe Rae 2 ; NAME ED ae SF OD OD EE FE NS ED SD SO ED a = % Gomes Seem lec AeD (ES ERT OK Ge (ecm GSE oocee jester ADDRESS: 2. nsec ce nSSke ose ad weneeatoneesawen

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Dont do this | | nit ALL boarding is legitimate work for you. But don’t discourage people by applying unsatisfactory waliboard, with ugiy disfiguring nail marks. Use dependable Upson Board, ap- plied with Upson Self-Clinching Fast- eners, which anchor the panels se- eurely from the back. Send for free sample Bee for yourself, how hard, and stiff and strong Upson Board is, and the unique, easy-to-use Upson Self-Clinching Fast- ener: And ask for free plan to help increase your Upson Board profits. UPSON SELF-CLINCHING The Upson Company, 1026 Upson Point, Lockport, N. Y. Please send free samples of Wpson products, also free pian to help me make money installing Upson Board. Name PS OF OE FE Ee Oe Oe ee OS OS Ee EO OF ED ER EE EE OE OD EN Se ED Oe eae ae Oe The famous blue center marks Upson Board, with a record of less than one complaint to every 5,000,000 feet. genuine FASTENERS In: sist on the Genuine Sand’s Aluminum Levels have the name ‘‘Sand’s” east in the end of the frame. It’s put there for your protection, for Sand’s Levels are fre- quently imitated. The above oval is burned into the wood of every genuine Sand’s wood level. It’s your guarantee of absolute accuracy permanently built in. It?s Not a Sand’s Level Without the Sand’s Name—Look for It At Goed Hardware Stores Everywhere ’s Level & Tool Co. Detroit, Mich. Sand 5851 Fischer Ave. There is Money For You in WEATHERSTRIPS Men all over tie country have taken advantage of this opportu- nity — accepted our proposition and are now mak- ing real money. They are their own boss. They have become our agents for WEATHERSTRIPS “Out strip all the others” Easy to sell and to in- stall. Two profits on every job. Little cap. ital needed—no ex- perience. Send for our proposition today. CONCRETE ENGINEERING COMPANY Dept. 95 1926 So. 52nd Avenue Chicago, Jl.

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The American Woodworker Gasoline, Kerosene, or ElectricDriven Used on the Job or in the Shop Let us send vou our Bulletin No. 77 describing this and other profit pro- ducers for the Carpenter, Contrac- tor and Builder. American Saw Mill Machinery Co. 136 Main Street Hackettstown, N. J. Fiere’s A Level | Can Depend On PARKS *‘Four-in-One’’ Cir- cular saw, band GSsaw, jointer and borer $240 f. o. b. Cincinnati, Ohio Put this Parks in your shop! For the man who does ‘‘odd jobs” in his off time this Parks is a money-maker. Working alone you can turn out as much y work as-a four-man shop. With a few attachments you can do any tuing in woodworking. * i ¥ You can make your Parks pay out fast. You can Adjusta ble A uminum oon build up your own pay.ng busincss in your ; spare time. Others have done it—so can you. & 2 = z Write for’ Parks catalog and the story of ‘‘One — }ian Who Did It.’’ THE PARKS BALL BEARING MACHINE CCWMIFENY 1549 Knowlton Street, Cincinnati, O. ‘Canadian Factory: 200 Notre Dame East, . Montreal, Can. This is the level with the replace- able vial cases. Broken glasses can be quickly and easily repaired by merely inserting a new case. Te most Empire Adjustable wevel or send for interesting descriptive literature. Manufactured by EMPIRE LEVEL MFG. CO. MILWAUKEE, WIS. sre ttt spe tt cmt Le | F gueey | ) popular level on the market, Ask your } ate : : . dealer to show you the high quality SNELL’S AUGERS AND BITS The Standard the World Over Established 1790 WE GUARANTEB THE QUALITY OF EACH AND EVERY BIT SNELL-CLARK EXPAN= SIVE BIT SNELL SOLID CENTER AUGER BIT Selling Agents: ; JOHN H. GRAHAM & CO., | SNELL MFG. CO., : 113 Chambers S&t., NEW YORK, CITY. FISKDALE, MASS.

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QTewel Burlington Buse-noron seri, Sr Adjusted tothe Second 21 Rubyand Sapphire Jewels Adjusted to Temperature 25 Year Gold Strata Case Fe apt to ge Your Choice of Dials usted to Positions Uncluding Montgomery R. R. New Ideas in’ Thin Cases Only One Dollar Down will buy this mastcrpiece of watch manufacture. The ance you are allowed small, easy, monthly payments. The Burlington — a 21- Jewel Watch — is sold to you at a price much lower than that of »xther high-grade watches. Besides, you have the selection of the finest thin model designs and latest styles in watch cases. Don’t delay! Write for the FREE Watch Book and our SPECIAL OFFER today. to pay in Writesiititis Get the Burlington Watch Book by sending this coupon. Find out about this g-eat special offer which is being made for only a limited time. You will know a great deal more about watch buying when you read this book. You will be able to “‘steer clear’ of the over-priced watches which are no better. Remember, the Burlington is sent to you for only One Dollar down, balance in small monthly pay- ments. Send the coupon for watch book and our special offer TODAY! Do not delay one minute! PCOSUSOENSUUCSUSLUCSSLUVELESUSCLTSELESTTUTSELCUOTUUSSUSCSSULASCCSLUNTELCESESSSECIESUeaTEsee Burlington Watch Company Dept. 16-97, 19th St. & Marshall Blvd., Chicago Canadian Address: 62 Aibert St., Winnipeg, Manitoba Please send me (without obligations and popeld) your free k on watches with full explanation of your $1.00 down offer on the Burlington Watch. Print name and address plainly Ee SE Ee IE aE STs DP ae ae SOR ey Eo anata een Sete eee i Se mers —— Gee Aa 0.. WEATHERSTRIPS Install Fed- eral Metal Weather- strips and become a contractor. There is lots of money to be made by the in- stallation of _Federal Metal Weatherstrip and we want you to ~be our agent in _ your locality. Work is now plentiful and you can build a nice business for your- self as a weath- . erstrip contractor sand become in- » dependent. Write us to- aoe day and let us send you full information about this profitable business. FEDERAL METAL WEATHERSTRIP CO. 1240 Fullerton Ave. Chicago OO Mr en we ee EXPERT’S CHOICE FILE Does twice the work of an ordinary file—in half the time. The Expert’s Choice increases the value of your time by over 50%. By spending 30 cents you can make it back on your first filing job alone. It’s in the Quality—in the cut of the tooth and in the length of the stroke. Frank Luther, Chicago. says: ‘‘The Expert's Choice File files 18 hand saws and is cheaper at @ cost of 50c than the ordinary file at any price."* You get your money Back if the Expert's Choice does not prove to be the most economical file you have ever used. LTA SAW FILES are made for fine or coarse teeth—also for that extra hard saw. ret your tools of the dealer who sells Delta Files. He is the quality man. ° If your dealer cannot supply you, send us 20c, Trial Offer 25¢ or 30c for trial file, sent prepaid. Do this today—fnd out what a real file is THE P ~ | & OY i six inch File DELTA FILE WORKS PHILADELPHIA, PA. “THE HIGHEST GRADE FILE MADE” |. DELTA. HAND SAW FILES “MECHANIC'S FAVORITE CALN 30: ; EACH 27 < Sess | fausterid My, 3 Arh 0 or Look for This Sign at Your — Hardware Store _ EXPERT S CHOICE DOES TWICE:THE WORK IN HALF THE TIME a “ae Comparativel.coyi, ~ at. of Strokes of =: : a Mf ExpertsChoicclile. | EO Sd ofa - tag

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The UBA An Adjustable Combination my} Level And Plumb That Can = Vi, Be Applied To Any Length we Straight Edge Or Board. The —S Level With An Instant Adjust= ment And Immediate Results, USE IT AND PROVE IT No Level Has Ever Been Made Before Combining As Many Advantages As The UBA For Heavy And Light Framing and In- terior Trimming. The UBA Is Durable, Simple, Guaran- teed and Rust Proof. It Is An Indispensable Utility Level And Plumb In All Branches Of Carpentry. You Do Service To Yourself And HEmploy- er When You Put A UBA Into Action. The UBA Is Thoroughly And Rigidly Inspected To Maintain The High Standard Of Quality The Mecraniec Insists On. Fin- ished With White Or Green Double Marked Bulbs. | Size | bi athen Price $1.25 Order Through Your Local Dealer Or Send Us’ Your Money Order And We Will ~e. Mail Direct To You. Mention Name Of Dealer. UNION LEVEL MFG. CO. COMPANY, Ltd. —— 4649 So. Ashland Ave., Aisitesals Onli Chicago, Ill. Walkerville, Ontario, Canada. In Canada 55% Saved In Heating Costs in Portland, Ore., by Insulating with Cabot’s Quilt Residence of J. H. Hartog. B. Holden, ¥. Manson White, Architect THIS HOUSE. Residence of Dr. W. THIS HOUSE COST 55% MORE TO HEAT HOUSE WAS INSULATED with. Cabot’s Quilt. THIS HOUSE COST to HEAT, October to May inclusive aS $88.72 ' Average cost per month 11.08 THIS than THIS HOUSE was lined with building paper. “HIS HOUSE COST to HEAT, October to May inclusive 5 yee Sao Average cost per month .. 17.26 The Heating Equipment was EXACTLY the Same in Both Houses (16-Section Gasco Furnace). _ The Hartog house was only 7% larger in cubical measurement, but being a two-story house was naturally much easier to heat than the one-story house on accouuat of easier radiat.cn aud o Pe, ape smaller roof area; but the a ee ee ee ee eS eS ui nsulation reversed this, so that it Ss I Cabot, Irc., 6 Oliver St., Boston. cost 55% more to heat it than the Holden vous © Ww. icinzie St., Chicago. . house. | Send me free sample Cabot’s Quilt and Send for free sample and full information. / full information : - A a 2 oon’ ; 2 td ; : 4 si S, Fenn — $ aS ey ee; bos : ~ A= ce x - : ; . i nt ee Tay si. “ ~ Have Your Dealer Order From THE WALKEPVILLE HARDWARE i | 1 | : 7 = a See oso Soe Be : — —— = er Gee eS ee ee ee ee ~ | 3 - | t Name: Vids sts 5025 os aetaws beeeeeeee = st SAMUEL ; CABOT, Inc. eh Birset 55. 5 ea web e cece neces eees. _ Manfg. Chemist, Boston, eee ee re es ~ F 2 oe =

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For rapid boring ait , in tight places There’s many a job you could do more easily and quickly with a “Yankee” Push Brace. For you need only push the handle to revolve it—same as you work your “Yankee” Spiral Ratch- et Screw-driver. Drop forged and hardened steel jaw chuck holds all cutting tools ised in bit-brace up to $ in. square. “YANKEE Push Brace No. 75 | drives 3” auger-bit in hardwood; larger in soft. Readily drills 3-16” holes in metal. Drives heavy screws, taps, runs up bolts. Get this emergency tool right away so you'll have it for the next tight job. Saas other “YANKEE” Tools Spiral Screw-drivers Quick-return Spiral Screw- eevee Automatic Push Drills — Ratchet Hand Drills Dealers everywhere sell **Yankee’’ Tools Free to Carpenters Helpful Tool Book that® Heroes shows and describes all* the ““Yarikee” Tools. NorgtTH Bros. Mra. Co., Philadelphia, U. S. A. "YANKEE" _ TOOLS “Red Devil” No. 2400 The Bit Most Carpenters Prefer Will not choke in any kind of wood— bores smooth and femme Straight hules— RS Sere with or against “Red Devil? No. | its ea 2400, made in 20 sizes, from 3|16 to 24|16ths. At all dealers, or if not in stock, send dealer’s name and 80c for a sample bit, 10|16ths inch size. Handy Auger Bit Booklet Free | SMITH & HEMENWAY (CO. Inc. Mfrs. of ‘‘ Red Devil’’ Tools 261-E Broadway ___New York, N.Y. ot] ||| as Hist m@y wood — pulls swmitself in with- q out pushing. | YOU NEED A | HUTHER DADO HEAD The adjustable groover that cuts with or across grain. Easily adjusted with- out the use of screws, just add or remove inside cut- ters to make the desired cut. May be returned if not satis- factory. Sent on approval. Write for our new eata- log No. 438, showing many special tools for your saw rig. Hither Bros. Saw Mfg. Co. ee Rochester, N. Y.

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Si i a alah pace ~ f E . , E f a New Sales Helps For Oak Flooring One of the most attractively. illustrated booklets on oak flooring is now ready for dis- tribution among prospective homebuilders. It tells the whole story of Perfection Brand Oak Floor- ing. You will find it of im- mense help in making sales. We also have some very suc- cessful envelope stuffers for general distribution that we are supplying free. Write today for these sell- ing helps and full information about Perfection Brand Oak Flooring. Arkansas Oak Flooring ~ Company Pine Bluff, Arkansas : HEN you consider that VW Starrett Tools have been the choice of two genera-: tions of crack machinists you’re considering something. One thousandth of an inch makes a lot cf difference to men working metal to close limits. Their tools must be sensitive—not to a hair but to ‘fa split hair.’’ Yet those same tools must be built to stand up under the hardest shop service. They must lold their accuracy and be easy to keep clean and shining year after year, Starrett Squares, Calipers, Tapes, Leveling Instruments and other Builders’ tools are made in the same plant which supplies machin- ists with the best in precision tools. Many are even made by the same men. Naturally they’re fine tools. They’re easier to work with, easier to care for and keep their accuracy under conditions that lave sent less carefully made tools to the junk yard. When you want the best, go into any good hardware store and ask for “‘Starrett.’’ Send for Catalog No, 23 “B,” THE L. S. STARRETT CO. World's Greatest Toolmakers Manufacturers of Hacksaws Uneacelled |

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Reading Architects’ BLUE PRINTS Learn at Home! S25 building trades are booming. Em- ployers everywhere are looking for men who can read architects’ blue prints. Splen- did salaries and rapid advancement are offered men who have this special training. There is an easy, delightful way to learn. The International Correspondence Schools will teach you right at home in an hour a day of the spare time that now goes to waste. You will like the course because it is so PRACTICAL. You work on actual blue prints —the same blue prints a contractor would © use if asked for an estimate, or a foreman would receive from a contractor. In a surprisingly short time you can ac- quire a knowledge of blue prints that will be of great value to you in a salary way the © rest of your life. Mail the Coupon To-day! —ew = ow oe ae oe oe ee ee Gee ee oe ee ee eee ee INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOLS Box 8826-B, Scranton, Penna, Without cost or obligation on my part, please tell me how I can qualify for the position or in the subject before which I have marked an X: TECHNICAL AND INDUSTRIAL COURSES Architect (jElectrical Engineering Architects’ Rine Prints [] Electric Lighting Centractor and Builder []Mechanical Engineer Architectural Draftsman [] Mechanical Draftsman Concrete Builder Machine Shop Practies Structural Engineer Railroad Positions Chemistry [) Pharmacy []Gas Engine Operating Automobile Work Civil Engineer Airplane Engines Surveying and Mapping Agriculture and Poultry Metallurgy 1 Mining Mathematics Steam Engineering [{) Radio BUSINESS TRAINING COURSES Salesmanship Business Management Advertising Industrial Management Better Letters Personnel Organization Show Card Lettering Traffic Management Stenography and Typing () Business Law Business English [) Banking and Banking Law Civil Service {_] Accountancy (including C.P. A.) Railway Mail Clerk LJNicholson Cost Accounting Common School Subjects () Bookkeeping High Schaol Subjects (| Private Secretary Illustrating OSpanish [] French Name........ Perri tr etrereoe SOCCSSOCER CHEE H Eee TE OEY Street : 3-6-24 AGCdress........3+.. 0000 SO OIE a ae SE EGE Te SOE Tee OTST ETRE Poe ePUePECCCES ICC Ieee eee ea a ceupation Oe OR je ee : fet che sir residing in Canada should wehd Ries coupon to the: - nternational —— sceghiag Canada. CORO memes er ee eereeeresersersaresrr eee dence Schools —— Limited, IN ONE With REX FLINTKOTE STRIP SHINGLES Right Over the Old Wood Shingles And besides the added insula- tion think of the economy. The home owner does not have to pay for removing the old wood shingles or pounding down the old nails. There’s no litter from the old roof to clean up afterward. It’s a cleaner, quicker, easier way to re-roof. May we send you our cir- cular “A Saving Idea.” THE FLINTKOTE COMPANY CHICAGO — Peoples Gas Bldg. NEW YORK Pershing Sq. Bldg. BOSTON 809 Park Sq. Bldg.

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Where shall we send it? The Sheetrock Time Book is packed with practical working data for carpenters and. builders. Daily wage tables, dimension tables, memo pages, hints on modern walland ceiling construction, and other uselul data make this an extremely valuable book. There is a free copy ready for you. Where shall we send it? Sheetrock comes in standard sizes: ¥/g in. thick, 32 or 48 in. wide and 6 to 10 ft. long UNITED STATES GYPSUM COMPANY GENERAL OFFICES: Dept. I, 205 West Monroe Street, Chicago, III. Meee EE rin IS TT eT Ce ee eT ee et ee ee wegen tot porcas ee mae ae nn ANDRO ARAN MAO RENAL as ary 2 OS ig oy Eaccepcoctecescveccee~s-wnosseesteuenc-ceseay ne | N | LO AAR LO AOI ROADS Mail this coupon today SHEET) ROCK oe FIREDROOFKS WALERB OAR D United States Gypsum Company Dept. I, 205 West Monroe St., Chicago, III. Send my SHEETROCK Time Book to- (Name) (Complete Address) _ Sheetrock is inspected and approved by the Underwriters’ Laboratories, Inc.

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——————————————————————————=—— ———————————— ATKINS | SILVER STEEL SAWS Fa . - eyes s ee ee eee eee A AR Re yr eran et gee ape ype, ate en neni bere ens ny eee weaned cn pat name ene ao gn ne te ee = eg ar nd a a > a “The Best Saw I Ever Used” We have many letters in our files from carpenters throughout the country who state that Atkins Saws are the best they have ever a nnn a nF Nn ery ee ee ae te tS obigbh fae lelee dy gh " Oo a ae ae indy ge bo Pe ee) te ne Vee TAS used and that they will use noth- ing else. The Perfection Handle shown 4 on the No. 400 and No. 53 Saws 3 makes hard work easy —it re- . lieves all wrist strain; try it once and be convinced. Silver Steel, the material used in the blades, is extremely tough, not brittle, still it files readily. Atkins Silver Steel Saws will | take a sharp cutting edge and hold it a remarkably long time. You can get any style Atkins Hand, Rip or Panel Saw you want—straight back, skew back, ship point pattern or regular width pattern. We also make a complete line of small saws such as Compass, Keyhole, Coping, Back, Hack and in fact, “A Perfect Saw,For Every Purpose” E.C.ATKINS & Co. ESTABLISHED 1857. THE SILVER STEEL SAW PEOPLE Home Office and Factory, INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA Canadian Factory, Hamilton Ontario Machine Knife Factory, Lancaster N.Y. Bran ches Carrying Comple te Stocks InThe Following Cities: Atlanta New Orleans Seattle Memphis New York City Aight France Chicago Portiand,Ore, Sydney. N. S.w. Mi nneapolis San Francisco ancouver, B.C.