Brass World: A Monthly Publication Relating to the Arts of Refining, Alloying, Casting, Rolling, Plating, Polishing and Finishing of the Non-Ferrous Metals and Their Alloys (July, 1929)
The text was read from the page scans by machine (OCR), so it has mistakes and its columns may run together. See the pages · About this title · At the Internet Archive
Page 1
AND PLATING — POLISHING — FINISHING A Monthly Publication Relating to the Arts of Refining, Alloying, Casting, Rolling, Plating, Polishing and Finishing of the Non-Ferrous Metals and Their Alloys ESTABLISHED 1905 NEW YORK, JULY, 1929 VOL. 25. No. 7 Electroplaters’ Annual Convention in Detroit A Report of the 17th Annual Convention of the American Electroplaters’ Society, Held in Detroit, Mich., July 8-11, 1929 LL of the regular officers of the American George Gehling, Philadelphia Branch, secretary- Electroplaters’ Society were re-elected for the treasurer. coming year at the Annual Convention of-the F. J. Hanlon, Chicago Branch, editor The Monthly Society, held at the Statler Hotel, Detroit, July 8-11. Review. _ These officers are as follows: With John H. Feeley, Montreal Branch, past presi- dent, the above officers will constitute the new execu- Horace H. Smith, Newark Branch, president. tive Jociind: : C. A. Van Derau, Dayton Branch, Ist vice-presi- 1980: Contention; dx <WaAsKingten:D,; C. pent . Washington, D. C., was chosen as the location of William J. R. Kennedy, Hartford-Connecticut Val- the convention city for 1930. The convention will ley Branch, 2nd vice-president. be in charge of the Baltimore-Washington Branch. Electroplaters and Guests at the Convention, Assembled at Bob-Lo (Photo continued on next two pages) 159
Page 2
160 : BRASS WORLD Prizes For papers and exhibits, prizes were awarded as follows: | Papers: Ist prize, F. C: Mesle, New York Branch. 2nd prize, Newark Branch (under the supervision of Oliver J. Sizelove, in- structor) for its experimental work dur- ing the year. mp a Harold K. Work, Pittsburgh, a. July, 1929 Opening Ceremonies The opening session was started at 1:30 P. M., July 8th, with an address of welcome by E. G. Lovering of Detroit, chairman of the Convention. Committee. T. C. Eichstaedt was introduced to the assembly, as were also George A.. Walters, alderman of Detroit, who acted as representative of Mayor Lodge. The meeting was then turned over to President Smith, who introduced Charles H. Proctor, founder of the Re-Elected Officers of the American Electroplaters’ Society HORACE H. SMITH Newark Branch President Honorable mention, Jacob Paine and B. F. Lewis, Detroit Branch. Exhibits: lst prize, F. Weber, St. Louis Branch. 2nd prize, George Ramm, Detroit Branch. 3rd _ prize, J. F. Bernardo, Philadelphia Branch. Honorable mention, E. Hail, Detroit ~ Branch. | C. A. VAN DERAU Dayton Branch First Vice-President W. J. R. KENNEDY Hartford, Conn., Valley Branch Second Vice-President Society. Mr. Proctor delivered an address on ‘“Look- ing Forward in the Electroplating Industry.” Technical Sessions The Monday evening session was opened with a paper on “Scientific Plating Control” by L. C. Tur- nock of the Turnock Engineering Company, Cleve- land, Ohio. A. L. Matthes of the Westinghouse Elec- tric and Manufacturing Company, discussed “‘wage incentives,” There Were About 700 People on the Trip—A Ball Game, West vs. East, ae ee ee oe eee
Page 3
| | | | | July, 1929 J. M. Carmody spoke on “Executive Foreman- ship.” Dr. A. K. Graham read a paper on “Industrial Cleaning of Metals’ which was highly commended. The Tuesday morning session was opened by George B. Hogaboom with an excellent paper on “Brass Plating.’ Other papers read at this session were as follows: | Electrodeposition of Iron by T. P. Thomas. BRASS WORLD | 161 Some Causes of Resistance in Chromium Plating Solutions by Professor D, T. Ewing. Mechanics of Chromium Plating by Walter W. Rowe. Some Observations on the Corrosion of Chromium Deposits by Cleveland Nixon. 3 Conditions that Cause Changes in the Composition of Plating Baths and Possible Remedies, by Professor F. C. Mathers. Re-Elected Officers of the American Electroplaters’ Society GEORGE GEHLING Philadelphia Branch Secretary-Treasurer Electroplating of Cadmium from Cyanide Baths by L. R. Westbrook. Cadmium Plating by H. C. Pierce. Report of the Possibilities of Poisoning from Cad- mium Plating by George P. Dubpernell. At the Tuesday afternoon session the following papers were read: Chromium Plating Factors by Oliver J. Sizelove. F. J. HANLON Chicago Branch Editor, The Monthly Review J. H. FEELEY Montreal Branch Past President The Tuesday evening session consisted of a sum- mary of the researches on electroplating carried on by the Bureau of Standards, Washington, D. C. This was published in some detail in the Brass Wor tp for April, 1929, pages 79-80. Reports from the Research Committee were made by R. J. O’Connor of the Bridgeport Branch and Philip Sievering of the New York Branch. Enlivened the Day. Bob-Lo Is in Canada, Not Far from Detroit.
Page 4
162 BRASS At the final session on Wednesday morning, the following papers were read and discussed. Material Costs of Various Finishes by C. A, Van Dereau. The Measurement of Chlorides in Nickel Plating Solutions by Donald Wood. A Warning by W. M. Phillips. Electrodeposition of Non-Metallic Materials Milford H. Corbin. Entertainment Features Wednesday afternoon was given up to a trip down the Detroit River to Bois Blanc Island where a ball game was held followed by dancing and refreshments. Thursday morning was devoted to a business meet- ing consisting of reports of committees, routine busi- ness and election of officers. In the afternoon, the platers visited plants in various parts of the city. The convention closed on Thursday afternoon with a banquet and dance for about 650 guests. Nearly 700 delegates and visitors were present at the con- vention, 125 of these being ladies. One of the bright spots of the entertainment fea- tures was the visit to the airport and airplane plant of the Ford Motor Company. Many of the delegates were taken into the air for a trip over the city of Detroit’ and the Canadian side of the Detroit River. E. V. Allen, Detroit Branch, kept open house all through the convention at his plant, Evaco Industries. The Detroit Branch gave the delegates and visitors every possible assistance and full cooperation in hav- by WORLD July, 1929 ing one of the most enjoyable and worth-while of conven- tions. The Platers at the Convention Wore This Badge and the Button Attached to the Ribbon, Insignia Designed by the Detroit Branch Convention Commit- a Fine tee. International Fellowship Club® The International Fellowship Club held its annual luncheon and business meeting at the Statler Hotel in Detroit on July 9th. This meeting was one of the best ever held in the history of the Society, being attended by 56 manufacturers and sales repre- sentatives. New officers were elected for the year 1929-1930 as follows: Chairman, Benjamin Popper, Egyptian Lacquer Manufacturing Company, New York. Vice-Chairman, G. Cannon, Matchless Metal Polish Company, Chicago, III. Secretary, IT. A. Trumbour, business manager, THE MetAL [Npustry and the brass WoRLD, ivew ~ ork. The new officers were installed by W. S. McKeon, Greensburg, Pa. The outgoing officers were con- gratulated on their work in attracting so much inter- est in the Club. -- me ~The next meeting will be held in Chicago. The date and place will be announced in the near future in this journal. New Officers of the International Fellowship Club BENJAMIN POPPER Egyptian Lacquer Manufacturing Company, New York Chairman G. CAMERON Matchless Metal Polish Company, Chicago, IIl. Vice-Chairman T. A. TRUMBOUR The Metal Industry and the Brass World, New York Secretary
Page 5
July, 1929 BRASS WORLD © | err « 163 Pitted Brass Casting Due to Improper Moulding | ©O.—We are encosing a brass flange, the surface of which has been turned and scratchbrushed. You will note the entire surface is pitted. Our foundry foreman is at a loss to understand how this pitting occurs and we are sending it to you for your advice. The metal used is composed of the following: CODES ns pills, oo sk pin hss de es A 82 Bt ee ie a ie ae 4 5 OT SREY aR ei LPR Pe a 4 8 REE PEE ty i EE eR 10 The flange is cut from the top of a casting shaped as SS CSE: 53 WE O RE oy SREP ec : Serve © © E) Flange Casting and Method of Moulding in the central figure in the illustration. We have moulded these castings both ways up, and we have gated them two different ways, the gating diagrams herewith showing the two procedures. , However, each time the pitting occurs, despite our ef- forts to check it. If you can give us any advice or information in this matter we shall be very glad to have it. A.—On examination of the sample, the metal appears to be spongy on one side. On the other side the metal is clear of such defects. This leads us to believe your trouble is in the moulding sand, because if the trouble were in the metal it would show some signs on both sides. This defect must, therefore, be on the cope side as marked, and we suggest that you open up your molding sand, using sand similar to No. 2 Albany; vent your mold and do not ram the cope side as hard as you are now doing. Add .a spoonful of common table salt to the metal and stir well before pouring. We feel that your trouble, due to this cause, will be eliminated. —W. J. REARDON. Nickel Clad Steel Melting Pots The International Nickel Company, New York, has developed and placed on the market a new type of melt- ing pot which is made of steel and coated with nickel by welding. The pot is described in the company’s magazine, “Inco,” Volume 9, Number 1, in an article by G. Greenslade entitled “Nickel Clad Steel Eliminates Costly Pot Failures.” He states that the pot is made of low car- An inner surface of steel resists cor- rosive action inthe pot and a non-oxi- dizing outer coat of nickel affords protection against hot furnace gases bon steel or ingot iron, drawn from the solid sheet, and is covered with nickel by metallic arc welding. The steel on the inside of the pot is capable of resisting the lead or other constituents of the bath while the nickel on the out- side resists the action of air and combustion gases at high temperature. Due to the strength and ductibility of the metals used, a relatively thin wall is sufficient, as there is no danger of failure by cracking. It is, therefore, necessary to use Niclad pots, having a thickness of only Y% inch. This results in better heat conductivity and almost negligible drop in temperature. The two metals are said to be very well suited for joining, since their coefficients of thermal expansion are about the same and there is no tendency to force the two metals apart when they are heated up to high temperatures. Tests are cited, which show an average length of 7,000 hours for Niclad, compared with 300 hours for plain steel and 1,000 hours for special heat resisting alloys. Flooring for Factories A new type of flooring called Kabalt is being made by Dyer, Inc., 796 Tenth avenue, New York, with fac- tory at Rutherford, N. J. This is a mastic floor con- sisting of an asphalt base strengthened by a cement in- eredient. It can be furnished in special compositions to resist acids or alkalies. Patches of this material can be laid on a Saturday and be ready for use’on the fol- lowing Monday. It is claimed to be resistant to hard knocks, and when dented, to come back to its original smoothness. Flux for Various Alloys The Aelium Company, 832 No. Spring street, Los Angeles, Calif., has placed on the market a material said to be a natural cleanser Of metals. It is recommended by them for high lead bronzes, to keep the lead sus- pended, and for other standard brasses and bronzes, to result in more homogeneous mixes, better machining qualities, better polishing qualities and closer grained metal; also for manganese bronze to cut down the shrink- age and eliminate porosity. , This material is recommended also for a number of other alloys in mixtures depending upon the composition used.
Page 6
164 « BRASS WORLD Is reipeupeens Alternating Current Worth While in the Plating Room? Report of An Interesting Paper Bearing on This Question Held in London, Eng. By OUR LONDON CORRESPONDENT WRITTEN SUBJECT of unusual interest to those engaged A in electrodeposition was treated by Dr. H. C. Cocks in a paper read before the Electroplaters’ and Depositors’ Technical Society, the title of the paper being ““Some Possible Uses of Alternating Cur- rents in Electrodeposition.” An interesting discussion followed the reading of the paper. Dr. Cocks’ After dealing with electrolysis using A.C. alone, Dr. Cocks dealt with the electrolysis with superposed A.C. He said the best method of superposing A.C. on D.C. was that used by Cooper Jones and others. The A.C. is passed through the primary ot a trans- former, and the D.C. source and electrolysis cell are connected in series with the secondary coil. An A.C. is induced in the secondary coil, and is thus superposed on the D.C. flowing in it. A battery of accumulators is a convenient source of D.C.: they do not appear to be appreciably affected by the passage of the A.C. through them. Other methods, such as those in which auxiliary A.C. electrodes are used, have the disadvan- tage that there is usually some leakage of A.C. into the D.C. circuit and vice versa. The D.C. component of the superposed current can be measured by a mov- ing-cell ammeter, while the A.C. component can be calculated from the reading of a hot-wire ammeter placed in the same circuit. The reading of the hot- wire ammeter is the square root of the sum of the squares of the A.C. and D.C. components of the cur- rent. The action of superposed A.C. in a process may be looked at from two points of view. One way of con- sidering it is to first imagine the electrolysis taking place by A.C. alone, and then to visualize the changes which should occur when one pulse of the current is made of greater amplitude than the other. The other way of considering the action is to look upon it as a D.C. electrolysis being modified by the superposed A.C. In considering it from the second point of view, it must be remembered that, providing the ratio of the A.C, to the D.C. is greater than 0.707:1, an electrode which is cathode in the D.C. process will periodically tend to become anode and vice versa. The important conclusion to be drawn from work which has been done on the subject is that the super- position of an A.C. on a D.C. electrode process tends to reduce any irreversibility in that process (“The Principles of Applied Electrochemistry,” Allmand and Ellingham, p. 147). The superposed A.C. acts as a cepolarizer: it reduces anode and cathode polarization and electrochemical passivity. It is therefore most likely to be of use in the electrodeposition of metals in cases where a reduction of polarization is required. These statements are probably only true when the A.C. component of the current is greater than 0.707 of the value of the D.C. component. Chemical depo- larizers may leave undesirable decomposition products Remarks ESPECIALLY FOR BRASS WORLD in the electrolyte, but superposed A.C. will not do so. In the electrodeposition of metals the question of — hydrogen overvoltage is usually of importance, and — the fact that Goodwin and Knobel found that hydrogen ~ overvoltage can be greatly reduced by the superposi- © The oxygen over- — voltage and electrochemical passivity of anodes can also be markedly reduced by the superposition of the — That the effects of superposed A.C. have — been found to increase with the ratio of the A.C. to — tion of A.C. is therefore of interest. current. the D.C. and to decrease with increase of frequency — has already been mentioned. In certain cases, how- | ever, an A.C. of very high frequency may possibly _ | have a greater effect than one of low frequency. It should be pointed out that the superposition of § A.C. in processes involving the electrodeposition of | metals may affect (probably adversely) the throwing — power in these processes. The work which has been done on the effects of & superposed A.C. in processes involving metal deposi- — tion will now be mentioned. One of the most promis- ~ ing of the possible applications of superposed A.C. — Kohlschiitter and_ Schodl have published two papers on the effect of The first deals — with the effect of the superposed current on the struc- | ture, contractibility and bendability of nickel deposits, — and the second with its influence on the deposition and — Their investigations — were a continuation of those of Kohlschiitter and Kohlschutter and Vuilleu- — mier had investigated the deposition of nickel with the is its use in nickel deposition. superposed A.C. in nickel deposition. solution of potentials of nickel. Vuilleumier, and Stager. object of finding an experimental connection between — the polarization and the structure of electrolytically-_ deposited metals. They studied the internal tension of nickel deposits by depositing the metal on a thin platinum sheet and following the bending of the sheet, — and concluded that nickel is probably first deposited in a highly disperse form, and then the particles sinter with the formation of a denser metal. This probably | occurs together with the formation of a gas layer on the cathode which plays the part of a dispersion July, 1929 — . medium. Since the electrolytic solution pressure of the highly disperse form is greater than that of the denser metal, this view gives an explanation of the increase in the deposition potential above that of the. normal metal. Stager had found that chemical depo-— larizers, such as hydrogen ‘perozide and nitrobenzene, increase of temperature and the superposition of A. Ca effected a distinct structural alteration in nickel de- posits and strongly reduced the tendency to contrac-_ tion. Influence of Nickel Deposition The influence of superposed A.C. was particularly q marked and permitted of the deposition of smooth, contracted nickel at the cathode. The effect of A.C. a was regarded as a reduction of the hydrogen charge
Page 7
~ July, 1929 of the cathode, i.e., a depolarization. Kohlschttter and Schodl investigated the deposition of nickel from solu- licens consisting mainly of nickel chloride, nickel ammonium chloride, nickel sulphate, or nickel am- monium sulphate, using D.C. alone and a superposed A.C. of 40 cycles. By depositing the nickel on the platinum of a contractometer they measured on an arbitrary scale, the contraction of the deposits ob- tained under various conditions. The superposition of A.C. was found to greatly reduce the contraction of the nickel, the effect, under otherwise constant con- ditions, increasing with increase of the ratio of A.C.: D.C. Great differences were observed between the structure of the deposits obtained with D.C. and with superposed A.C. The structure of the D.C. deposits could not be discerned when they were examined by means of a low-power microscope, while the deposits with superposed A.C. showed a flaky structure and resembled well contracted deposits obtained with D.C. alone. After equal times of deposition, and with use of the same current density, the contraction was not so great in nickel ammonium sulphate as in nickel ammonium chloride solutions. With D.C. alone, hy- drogen evolution occurred mainly only during the first few minutes of. but with superposed A.C. it con- tinued throughout, the time of deposition and increased with increase of current density. They also studied the deposition of nickel on copper. When the nickel was deposited on copper from a solution of nickel am- monium chloride, the current efficiency was 92 to 98 per cent with D.C. alone, but with superposed A.C. it was slightly lower and decreased with increase of Meee tao ALG. oO. Wi ALG, os c.f fk it was 80 to 94 per cent. In sulphate solutions the cur- rent efficiency for nickel using superposed A.C. was appreciably lower than with D.C. alone: it fell to as low as 25 per cent with a large A.C. is to D.C. ratio. The deposits on copper obtained by use of superposed A.C. were also clearly distinguishable from those ob- tained with D.C. alone. The deposits with D.C. had a fine-grained structure, but when superposed A.C. was used, the grains gradually became coarser with perenne of the ratio A.C. : D.C. With A.C. : D.C. = : 1 the deposits usually possessed a velvety glance on a rough-grained surface, while with D.C. only they had a reflecting surface with a slight brownish tint, We slight outgrowths at the edges. With a lower AC, but with higher ratios, rough, matt surfaces were ob- tained. The deposits on copper were easily differen- tiated on bending; those obtained with D.C. from chloride solutions broke with every little bending, while those obtained with superposed A.C. broke only on repeated bending. The D.C. deposits from sulphate solutions were somewhat less brittle than the corre- sponding ones from chloride solutions, yet they gen- erally broke after bending once or twice, while those obtained with superposed A.C. were very bendable. The inside of thick layers of nickel (unlike the sur-. face) showed no great difference of structure accord- ing to whether they were deposited with D.C. or superposed A.C. Kohlschtitter and Schodl also meas- ured the deposition and solution potentials of nickel with D.C. alone and with superposed A.C. This part of the work was carried out to see if a direct relation- ship could be established between the deposition po- tential and the structure and tendency to contraction of the deposits. They found that the deposition poten- tial was decreased by the superposition of A.C., ie., a depolarization occurred, and that the effect became greater the larger the ratio A.C. : D.C. With a large BRASS WORLD : D.C. ratio, the deposits were often reflecting, 165 ratio, the deposition potential was lowered by about 0.25 volt. The anode polarization was found to be decreased in a similar. but more pronounced way, the decrease amounting to about 0.5 volt in certain cases. The voltage across the cell was reduced by an amount which was approximately the sum of the decreases of polarization at cathode and anode. They concluded that the relationship between the tendency of the de- posits to contraction, their structure and the deposi- tion potential is not so close as might at first appear, although there is a general parallelism between the lowering of the deposition potential and the decrease in the tendency to contraction which results from the. superposition of A.C. | This work on the reduction of the internal’stress of nickel deposits by the superposition of A.C. is being continued and extended by R. H. D. Barklie in the’ course of investigations carried out under the super- vision of Prof. Sesch for the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research at Sheffield University. Tuckel and Loesch carried out some work on the use of superposed A.C. in nickel deposition. They measured anode and cathode current efficiencies using D.C. alone and superposed A.C. but gave no details of the appearance or structure of the cathode deposits. They state that nickel deposits obtained from nickel ammonium sulphate solutions are harder and more durable than those produced in chloride solutions, and that the use of nickel ammonium sulphate solutions necessitates the use of impure anodes because anodes of pure nickel do not corrode well and tend to become passive. They point out the objections to the use of impure nickel anodes and showed by their experiments that pure anodes could be made to corrode well:in nickel ammonium sulphate solutions by the superposi- tion of A.C. on the D.C. For example, by the super- position of an A.C. of a sufficiently large value, the D.C. efficiency for the solution of nearly pure rolled nickel anodes was raised from below 5 per cent to above 80 per cent, of sandblasted electrolytic nickel anodes from 27 per cent to over 100 per cent, and of smooth electrolytic nickel anodes from 50 per cent to over 100 per cent. The D.C. density was from 8 to 14 amperes per sq. ft. Gold Refining | The only case of the technical use of superposed A.C. in electrolysis is that of the Wohwill modified gold-refining process. (B. P. 6276, 1909.) In the ordinary Wohwill process crude gold anodes contain- ing silver and small quantities of other metals are re- fined by means of D.C. in a bath containing gold chloride and hydrochloric acid. At low current den- sities the gold dissolves, and a layer of silver chloride forms on the anode. This coating has to be removed mechanically from time to time, otherwise the current density at the free gold surface is increased and chlor- ine is evolved instead of gold being dissolved. The higher the silver content of the alloy the more fre- quently must the anodes be scraped clean or the lower must be the current density used. It is important that the alloy should be refined as quickly as possible owing to the highest charges on the precious metal, hence the use of a low current density is a great ad- vantage in the process. In the modified process, which is used for alloys containing more than 6 per cent of silver, this and other disadvantages are largely over- come. When a sufficiently large A.C. is superposed on the D.C., the D.C. density can be considerably in- creased, the silver chloride does not form an adherent coating on the anodes, and thus there is no need to scrape them. The bath voltage is reduced and the
Page 8
166 percentage of the gold in the “slimes” is considerably decreased. With superposed A.C. the cathodically deposited gold can be obtained in a coherent form when high D.C. densities and cold solutions are used, while with D.C. alone this is not the case. The modi- fied process is or has been used in U. S. mints. The saving in interest charges more than compensates for the cost of the A.C. Discussion D. MacDonald gave an interesting account of the use of superposed A.C. in the modified process for refining gold, the particular plant described consisting of sixty cells driven by the two motor generator sets and two motor alternator sets, each of. about 45 h.p. The dynamo and alternator were arranged in series, and the capacity of the plant was about one ton per two days. By superposing an A.C. whose R.M.S. value was 10 per cent greater upon the D.C., an assymetri- cally alternating current was formed which produced a powerful anodic wave followed by a weak cathodic wave. The current density used was on the average 8.5 amps per sq. ft., and the frequency of alterations at least 50. The effect of the A.C. upon the solution of the anode was immediate. Instead of the current dropping to half its original value in a couple of hours due to the coating of silver chloride which formed, as occurred when no A.C. was used, and in fact even- tually ceasing altogether, when A. C. was employed, the current was maintained until disintegration of the anode occurred 24 hours later. The silver chloride then formed a loose coating which dropped away and did not interfere with the passage of the current. D. J. MacNaughton said that the scope for using superposed A.C. in electrodeposition was not very ‘great at present. For example, in nickel plating, the BRASS WORLD July, 1929 passivity of the anodes which could be overcome by A.C. could be definitely overcome in a much simpler way by the use of chlorides in the solution. Similarly, stress in the nickel deposit which could also be reduced | | by employing A.C. might easily be reduced by raising the temperature of the solution. Nevertheless, it is possible that the A.C. might prove to be of increasing value to the plater if more precise knowledge were forthcoming on the effect of A.C. on other factors in deposition. J. W. Perring said that a large number of advantages which were claimed for the commutator rectifier were offset by quite a number of serious disadvantages. 4 E. A. Ollard said it was quite possible that there might be a useful field for A.C. in the future and when the time arrived it would no doubt be found possible to design apparatus of the right kind to give the type of pulsating current required. It was important that investigators into the effect of A.C. should make a practice of describing the deposits which they ob- tained, as often they were treated as of secondary importance. It would be useful to try an interrupted D.C. and also a D.C. missed at intervals by means of a commutator as this would give larger periods in one direction than in the other. G. E. Gardam said that the results obtained in the deposition of a nickel-zinc alloy could be obtained on the basis of rapidly varying current density. He won- dered if it would in a similar way be possible to obtain an alloy of zine and copper from a solution of their mixed sulphates by superimposing A.C. on D.C., thus realizing the “acid brass” bath. The author then replied to the discussion and was accorded a hearty vote of thanks for the presentation of his paper. Bright Brass Deposit We have a certain outlet for an article made from heavy ‘wire about .345” thick, in straight pieces of 2, 4, 6 and 10 ft. lengths. This, of course, is still brass plated in a “steel tank. Our method has been to tumble these pieces first in a long wooden tumbler using sawdust. Following this, the pieces are rinsed and then brass plated, the short pieces up to 3 ft. long being brass plated in a mechanically revolving plating barrel; the long 10 and 12 ft. pieces racked and plated in a:steel tank. After plating, we rinse them in hot water, dry in hard maple sawdust, and then tumble in leather chips to get back a polish. Now, for our purpose it is not necessary to have a very high polish on this, and we are wondering if there is not some brightener or other method we could use to ‘do away with this last operation of tumbling in the leather ‘chips bright, although of course we cannot use it as it is withom tumbling or polishing in some way. A.—The usual method of brightening a brass solution - Is to use arsenic. Prepare the brightener as follows: Take 4 ozs. of white arsenic (As2O3) and place it in a large . evaporating dish. Take 1 pound of stick sodium hydroxide and place it also in the dish. Then pour water carefully over this. When the boiling has ceased due to solution of caustic soda, place over a small gas burner and heat slowly until arsenic is all dissolved. Allow to cook, transfer to a ? We are not particular about the finish being very — large bottle and make up to one gallon. This is added to your brass solution portions one to two fluid ounces, de- pending upon the volume of your solution. Bear these points in mind: 1. Do not think that because 1 oz. gave you a bright deposit larger amounts will make it brighter. The con- trary is the fact, in addition to brass deposit becoming pale and white. 2. Curtail the use of both ammonia and zinc when using arsenic if you expect to maintain a nice yellow brass. If your solution runs low in zinc, due to undissolved zinc compounds from anodes settling in the bottom of the tank, remove clear solution, clean out sediment, and clear solu- tion by adding 3 or 4 ozs. of Rochelle salts. From then on you should have no more trouble. | : —JosEpH Haas. Appreciates Brass World Service To the Editor of Brass Wortp: We appreciate indeed the personal attention you have given our inquiry regarding cadmium plate. It is a pleas- ure to know of someone who can and will give the ea advice you have. VEEDER-Root INCORPORATED H. L. Spaunburg 'Factory Manager, Bristol Division. June 25; 1929
Page 9
r. July, 1929 BRASS WORLD | 16? White Alloy for Hardware | To the Editor of Brass WorLD: There are several statements in Mr. Reardon’s reply to my letter of March 15th as published in the April issue of Brass Wortp under the title “White Alloy for Hardware,” which we do not think are merited by the facts. It is possible that you have information aside from that given in the original question which would in- dicate that die castings are not suited to the customer’s requirements; but the letter as printed last November described an article for which die castings would be per- fectly satisfactory. It is for the information, therefore, of the general casting user that we are requesting the privilege of replying to Mr. Reardon, for we feel that his two replies do not give a true picture of modern zinc base die castings. 1. Mr. Reardon says that a zinc base alloy cast in sand does not compare in physical properties with the same alloy die cast. He is correct. 2. He says that, either sand cast or die cast, it does not have the strength of nickel silver. He is correct. A tensile strength of 60,000 lb., with 40% elongation, how- ever, is entirely unnecessary for “hardware such as pulls, entrance handles, door knockers, etc.’ The strength of good die castings would be more than sufficient for such parts, and it is a waste of resources to pay for qualities which are not needed. To insist on nickel silver for a door pull because of its strength is just as ridiculous as to insist on alloy steel for a door pull because of its still greater strength. 3. Zine base alloys. are subject to pitting and turning black: when exposed to the weather. The answer to that is simple, do not expose them. Protect them with elec- troplate, enamel, lacquer, etc. Of course, a yellow brass part can be whitened by plating, but if ‘the plate wears off, the yellow shows up. A die casting is white under the worn plate, and the same friction which wears off the plate will tend to keep it polished at that point. Where there is no friction, the plate will remain. 4. A zine die casting will not stand hammering.., One of the beauties of a die casting, however, is that a hain- mered finished can be secured without hammering. The die can be engraved as desired, and all castings will have that surface. Hammering, therefore, is unnecessary in a die casting. A. Mr. Reardon refers to its unsuitability for large on automobiles. hinges. He is right there if the strain on the hinges is excessive. If they are ordinary door hinges, however, simply enlarged for ornament, die castings offer an ample factor of safety. The original question, however, did not mention hinges, and 4% elongation is more thar enough for “hardware such as pulls, entrance handles, door knockers, etc.,”’ which the original question did mention. | | | 6. Mr. Reardon’s knowledge of the present use of zinc base die cast hardware is not as limited as he would imply. He has used it himself in his automobile. If he lives in a modern apartment or has a new office the chances are that he has some of it applied there. The fact that such parts are bought by the thousands proves that reliable architects do use them, whether or not they know it. When purchased in quantities, they usually offer such savings in original cost that they should be used wherever they are suitable. They are certainly suitable for ornamental door knockers and pulls. In conclusion, let us thank you for the privilege of presenting the die casting side, and assure you that it is done for the purpose of presenting a true picture of modern die castings to the readers of Brass Wor tp. The Stewart Die Casting Corporation, D. L. Cotwe tt, Metallurgist. Chicago, Ill., May 7, 1929. Gentlemen: To the Editor of Brass Sree I have the letter of Mr. D. L. Colwell, metallurgist of the Stewart Die Casting Company, Chicago, IIl., in refer- ence to my answer to his letter of March 15th, as pub- lished in the April issue of Brass Wor tp. It appears Mr. Colwell believes zinc is satisfactory for hardware. I do not agree with him, at least in reference to the question I answered at the time. I had in mind hardware for the first class building trade, not automo- bile hardware. Everyone knows such hardware is used People, like Corbin, who have made building hardware since 1849, do not furnish zine hard- ware; and, as I said (and have since made inquiry), no reliable architect specifies such metal for the kind of hardware referred to. Detroit, Mich., June 11, 1929. W., J. REARDON. Nickel on Iron and Steel O.—We do a great deal of nickel plating on small cast iron articles and some on small steel articles, all either wheel polished or ball burnished. We are sufficiently suc- cessful in plating cast iron but invariably when we plate the steel we have trouble. We. do not get a good deposit and soon after it is buffed or ball burnished it will lose its color, and, after a few days’ atmospheric exposure, it starts to turn brown and then rust. Will you-advise us as to the difference necessary in handling before, during and after plating iron and steel. A.—In our estimation your nickel bath is entirely too acid. Your bath should be only acid enough so that steel will plate in it and then cast iron will also plate satisfac- torily. In your case, the bath is so a that only cast iron will plate and steel will not. To correct this condition, we would advise you to add liquid ammonia, 1 quart at a time, until samples of si articles can be plated satisfactorily. As a measure in avoiding future difficulty, we would advise you to discontinue the practice of adding sulphuric or hydrochloric acid to your nickel tanks in large amounts. Make a careful study of the acidity of your nickel tank and you will find that you will seldom be required to add more than 4 fluid ounces of sulphuric acid or 8 to J ounces of hydrochloric acid, in 1 or 2 weeks. A better practice is never to add these acids unless you chemically control your solutions. Boric acid is the only safe acid to use in nickel solutions for those that have only ex- perience to guide them. —JosePpH HAAS.
Page 10
168 BRASS WORLD July, 1929 Simple Detector for Pinholes in Metal The Fisher Scientific Company, Pittsburgh, Pa., has placed on the market a test paper known as Ferracco, by means of which, it is stated, pinholes in protective coat- ings may easily be detected without injury to the coated object or the coat- ing. The tests, moreover, can be made rapidly, ac - cording to the _ Fisher company. Ferracco test paper comes in sheets 22 in. x 17 in., coated with a mixture of potas- sium ferrocyanide, sodium chloride and gelatine, in certain proportions. When the exposed metal comes in contact with this sensitized paper, a colored complex dark blue cyanide is formed which indicates the posi- tion and the size of the_ pinhole. The blue spots in- dicate pinholes down to an iron base, while brown spots indicate those to a copper or brass base. Ferracco Record of Pinholes in Tinplate Used in Tinplate The head of the laboratory procured a test piece of tin plate two feet square. It was an average-looking sheet, that to the eye showed no pinholes. All possible grease and diet was cleaned off, using a cotton swab dipped in benzol. A sheet of Ferracco paper smaller in size than the sample was thoroughly moistened with distilled water and firmly and evenly pressed against the tin-plated surface. The blue spots that indicate the position of the pin- holes began to show in about five to ten minutes, even through “the reverse side of the test paper. The paper was allowed to remain twenty minutes when it was re- moved and thoroughly washed and dried. This sheet of test paper then became a permanent record of the test. With slight variations in the manipulation of the test paper, other protective coatings are tested for pinholes. In chromium and nickel plating on copper and brass, it was found best to moisten the paper with a solution of ammonium citrate and ammonium carbonate instead of distilled water. When the base metal is iron or steel, distilled water alone should be used, otherwise the blue stain will be retarded in its formation. To test over-buffed plating, i.e., plating where ex- cessive buffing has thinned the plate almost to the base, acta paper plainly shows areas of light brown or lue Another use for this test paper is. the detection of minute holes in thin metal foil. The foil is laid on an iron plate and the paper used as in the tin plate test. Blue spots will show the location of pinholes in the foil. Ferracco pinhole test paper is claimed to be simple to manipulate, saves time and material and leaves a perma- nent record for research files and production control data. Ball Bearing Punch The Excelsior Tool and Machine Company, East St. Louis, Ill., has made an addition to its line of punching tools in its ball bearing lever punch No. 19. This punch is useful on erecting or assembling floors where metal parts are fit and punched or drilled. Some of the ad- vantages are as fol- lows: _ Ball bearings on ec- centric and main shaft. Stand with forward protruding legs so that the machine can- not tip when punch- ing. Balanced lever so that the handle is always in upright position. Stripper does not obstruct the view of the punch. Front and_ side gauges are adjustable to requirements. The slide is square Lever | Punch © with provision to take up the wear so that the most deli- cate odd shape punches and dies can be used without injury. Large Pressure Tanks The Paasche Airbrush Company, 1909 Diversey Park- way, Chicago, IIl., is manufacturing a line of stationary pressure tanks for large finishing production, These tanks, called “Clamptight,” are said to be fast operating, with no nuts or bolts to tighten or wrenches necessary. The user simply turns the levers over and the cover is on or off quickly. Each clamp is adjustable with washer shims for proper tension, and once set, tightens tni- formly. . They are one-piece pressed steel tanks and con- sequently easy to clean, the makers state. Nickel on Steel To the Editor of Brass Wor zp: We have and thank you for your letter of July 2 and report on our problem of nickel plating on steel. We feel you have given us exactly what information we needed and appreciate it. UnITED StTaTEsS LocK AND HARDWARE Co., Columbia, Pa., July 8, 1929 By P. R. Baker.
Page 11
July, 1929 BRASS WORLD 169 The Dust Arrester—Its Industrial Application Dust and its suppression are today engaging the minds of some of the finest engineering talent in the: country, says R. J. Hutchinson of The American Foundry Equip- ment Company, Mishawaka, Ind., writing in THE Mera Inpustry for July. The dust nuisance in manufactur- ing processes entails evils, he declares, which are too well known to require more than passing mention: it slows production, impairs the health of workers, wears out ma- chinery, reduces efficiency generally ; and many processes must involve the creation of dust, as in grinding, polish- ing, and other operations of prime importance. He goes on to say: A dust arrester is simply a metal house divided into two sections by a screen of cloth. In its elementary form it would be a hollow cube, with one plain cloth screen sealed to the side walls, ceiling and floor, midway between the ends of the box. The greatest possible cloth area in a minimum cubic foot space is attained by a stag- gered effect, stretching parallel cloth surfaces over a frame so that they will be separated by an inch or so, and hanging the screens parallel to each other so that they project outward like the fingers of a hand. On one side of the screens, the dust laden air enters the arrester under suction from the fan. Much of the heavier dust falls into the hopper of its own weight, as soon as the velocity of the inrushing air is lowered on entering the larger expansion chamber. Incoming air is thus dropped from an avetage velocity of, say 4,000 feet per minute, to a velocity of only a few feet a minute, no longer sufficient to support heavy dust. On the other side of the screens is the “clean air side” from which the clean air goes directly through the fan and is discharged back into the building, saving a large item in coal. Departing from the hit-and-miss practices prevalent until a few years ago, engineers now figure arresters on a scientific basis which assures the velocity of air passing through: the cloth to be not more than three or four feet per minute. This creates no actual pull of any consequence, so that dust particles in the air adhere to the fibers of the cloth and are strained from the air as it passes through the pores. Naturally, in order to prevent the fibers of the cloth. becoming overloaded, plugging the pores, and setting up a prohibitive suction to get the air through the cloth, it is necessary to dislodge all accumulated dust at regu- lar periods during the day’s operation. This is accom- plished by mechanical or pneumatic vibrators preferab!y the former, the object being to strike the edge of each suspended screen a smart blow, imparting a uniform vibration to the entire cloth surface by means of stay wires attached to the frame, and whipping or beating out all particles of dust so that they are dislodged and fall into the hopper. Naturally, it is necessary to shut off the fan while this is being done, as otherwise the dis- lodged dust would be sucked through the cloth. Many types of vibrating mechanism have been em- ployed, all developing some inherent weaknesses which have caused engineers constantly to search for the ideal method of vibration. The American Foundry Equipment Company has recently brought out a new and apparently much superior device known as the Ball Rapper, which functions on a principle entirely new. The improved rapping or vibratory device which is an important part of American arresters, insures the entire cloth covering of every screen being thoroughly freed from dust without injury to either the screen frame or the cloth. | The rapper consists of an electrically driven arm, tipped with a hardened steel ball. The bank of screen across which the ball rapper is equipped with steel shoes on the edges to receive the blow. Each screen is struck a positive rap which dislodges all dust. This method of rapping has proved itself far superior to previous types such as pneumatic or electric hammer for two reasons. First, it treats each screen individually, eliminating the former slow destruction of screen frames through too severe shaking and plugging of the cloth through insufficient vibration, which were the most notable drawbacks of the two previous types. In addition, and besides insuring against the sticking prevalent with pneumatic types in cold weather, when Cloth Screen Dust Arrester with New Rapping Device freezing of moisture in the air line is an element to be considered, it insures screens at the ends of the bank being just as efficiently rapped as those in the middle, with a consequent longer period between recovering the screen frames. The construction of the new style rapping device is shown in the illustratson. At the right is a setting chamber to drop velocity and precipitate coarse abrasive particles before the air passes to the screen chamber. Screens are suspended as shown in the middle section, the motor driving the ball rapper being attached outside the casing. At the left is a fan house, enabling the ex- haust fan to be placed in its most advantageous position directly outside the arrester shell. It is interesting to note that the heat lost by a small system, exhausting only 5,000 cubic feet of air a minute into the outside atmosphere, is, in freezing weather, equivalent to using 11% tons of coal per month. Arranged to discharge inside the building, a cloth screen arrester provides clean air with no heat loss—a saving in over- head and an improvement in working conditions within the plant.
Page 12
170 © BRASS WORLD July, 1929 A Comparison Between Metal Coating Processes How Metal Coatings Are Applied and Their Fields of Usefulness BY DR. JAMES SILBERSTEIN WRITTEN ESPECIALLY FOR BRASS WORLD metal coatings are commercially applied. These are the following: Hot dipping. Electroplating. Diffusion (sherardizing). Metal spraying. 5 hee are at present four different ways by which ad ce tae ee Where coatings are applied only for the sake of appearance, there is little doubt that the electroplating process is the most practical one, since it furnishes an attractive appearance at relatively low cost. However, where coatings are applied for rust protection purposes, it:may be said that each established process has its own peculiar application to the exclusion of other processes and that the metal industry needs them all. A compar- ison between these different processes with regard to their usefulness and cost for rust protective purposes is, there- fore, of interest and will be given in this article. — Hot Dipping Versus Galvanizing | The two metals which are most extensively applied by the direct insertion of the article into the molten metal are tin and zinc. Tin coatings are more expensive and less able to withstand corrosion than zinc coatings. Tin coatings are therefore applied only in cases where zinc on account of other reasons cannot be used, as for instance for food-containing materials. Zinc coating or galvaniz- ing is probably the most common rust preventing process today. This process, as compared to electroplating with zinc, is more rapid, although articles have first necessarily to go through the cleaning treatment—as in the latter process—to remove rust, scale, dirt and grease. Previous to entering the molten zinc bath, which is maintained at a temperature of about 450 degrees C., the article is treated with a mixture of salammoniac and zinc chloride acting as a flux. On leaving the bath, excess zinc is removed mechanically. The rust resisting properties of the coatings obtained depend, to a large extent, on the temperature of the bath which, in order to give standard results, should be kept within a definite small range. When small articles are to be galvanized, the temperature should vary between 450 and 470: degrees C., and when larger parts are to be gal- vanized, between 470 and 490 degrees C. \ Since the’ rate of solution of iron in zinc increases with increasing tem- perature, and the iron content should be kept?as low as possible, it is important to maintain close temperature con- trol. In the case of larger installations, this -is’ subject to reasonable control, which is not so rigorously applied in small plants. a Cente | Thickness of the galvanized coating may.vary between 2 and 5 thousandths of an inch, corresponding ‘to’ about 1% to 3 ounces of metal per sq..ft. This.compares with the thickness of % to 1 thousandth of «an inch—which -is considered ample for efficient protection—in the case of electro-deposited zinc. The regularity of the electro- deposit is again superior to the galvanized coating. Whereas the thickness of the plating may be arbitrarily fixed by the plater to very fine limits, thickness of.’a contact with the atmosphere. galvanized coat cannot be controlled to any accuracy. The noteworthy difference in the thickness of deposits amounting to a ratio of from 2 to as much as 10 represents an appreciable change in the cost of zinc in the long run. Against this has to be set the time factor, which is of course greatly reduced in the case of galvanizing. The fact that all articles submitted for galvanizing must necessarily be heated to a temperature of 450 degrees C. is a further disadvantage, which is absent in electro- plating, the highest temperature in use in the latter proc- ess not exceeding 100 degrees C. The mechanical proper- ties of iron and steel, which is galvanized may thus be seriously affected, and it is, for instance, not to be recom- mended to galvanize springs. One of the principal and most important differences, however, relates to the composition of the coating, which is markedly different in the two processes. The deposit which is obtained electrolytically, consists of almost pure zinc, that from the galvanizing tank is, owing to the solvent power of molten zinc for iron seldom purer than 98.5% and may contain impurities up to 3% and more. It is not of advantage to use the purest grades of zinc ‘in galvanizing, since it has been established that the pure zinc more readily takes up iron. Another disadvantage of using pure zinc is, that the surface of the metal oxi- dizes quickly, producing a dull luster, which is undesir- able. This is not noticeable the first few days after the galvanizing tank has been filled with the purer grade of zinc, but it is more marked as time goes on. The pres- ence of impurities and oxides considerably reduces the protective value of the zinc coating since corrosion is initiated at the places where the impurities segregate out and is accelerated by them. It should be mentioned in this connection that even if it were satisfactory to work with a pure zinc bath, the composition of the latter, owing to solution of part of the iron of the articles immersed and also of the containing vessel would very soon show a high iron content ; so that the production of a galvanized coating of pure zinc is hardly feasible. The difference in the composition of coatings between the various metal coating processes is illustrated in figs. 1 to 4. The information of an intermediate compound between the base metal and the coating proper has given rise to varying opinion as to its effect or otherwise in adding to the protection afforded to the base. It has been stated to be detrimental, but its effect may probably be considered to vary with its depth from the surface in Provided this depth is great enough to avoid any possible electro-chemical effects pro- duced by the junction of two metals, the alloy phase can have no detrimental influence. Otherwise—and especially if the deposit is porous—the alloy phase will lessen the ‘resistance to corrosion. From the economic viewpoint it is probably still cheaper to apply a galvanized coating on the majority of articles, although the margin is not substantial and may entirely disappear, according to the manner in which the process is carried out. One serious item of expense, which appears to be inherent in the galvanizing process but is entirely absent in the electrolytic process, is the loss caused by the
Page 13
July, 1Y2Y constant formation of dross and oxides. It is probable that the most useful field for galvanizing lies in the coat- ing of comparatively large articles, for example sheets, which would require the laying down of a special plant, were an electro-deposit required. Sherardizing This process has been in use for some twenty years. The coating is produced by placing the articles in intimate contact with zinc dust in a metal container, which is then subjected to heat while the container rotates. A gradual diffusion of zinc into the surface of the iron articles takes place, the extent of this depending on the temperature attained. within the drum and the period of time devoted ~to-the treatment. Both these factors may be varied con- siderably ; the temperature within 350 to 550 degrees C. and the time from one to two hours. At the conclusion of. the -process the articles, after cooling, are separated from the zine dust and found to be covered by a dull, ¢rey-coat -of zinc, which is remarkably uniform in its sur- face .regularity. A thickness of from one to. two thousandths of an inch is generally aimed at. -.Fhe application of the process is necessarily limited to articles of small size, which may be conveniently packed in-the.drum. In comparison with the electrolytic process there is no necessity—as in the latter case—to string these small articles on wires, although the wired articles are advantageous in handling during the cleaning operations. Acid may be used for cleaning purpose, but the best results-are probably obtained by sandblasting the surface. Inregard to: the time factor, the sherardizing process is at some disadvantage. The structure of the coat produced is quite different from) both the electro-deposit and the galvanized coat. The actual composition depends on the quality of zinc dust employed; the purer the latter, the purer the surface layers. There does not appear to be any definite break in the iron content of the various layers, this increasing progressively as the iron base is approached. Variations of the process’ have been commercialized under different trade names, one process claiming the definite formation of a fairly thick zinc oxide protective layer, tenaciously held and permanently combined with the zinc surface. In another process a proportion of cad- mium is added to the zinc, and the combination has been shown to be much superior, as a protective, to the zinc applied .alone. As with the galvanizing process one of the drawbacks is the temperature to which the iron and steel articles must be subjected. The appearance and color of the deposit is distinctly inferior to both the electrolytic and gal- vanized zinc. The thickness of the coating is, however, more readily controlled than in the latter process— although not as finely as in the electrolytic—and provided a fair tolerance is allowed, the process is eminently suitable for all kinds of small work, such as screws, bolts and nuts, washers, cams, hooks and smaller fittings gen- efally. Fors such articles the sherardizing process 1s the.method to be chosen from an economical point of | view. Schoop Spray Process One of the most direct methods of providing a metal eoat, which has-been developed and applied to a consid- erable extent during recent years, consists in spraying the molten metal upon the article which it is desired to coat. This is known as the Schoop process, after its inventor. A spray of molten metal is directed from a “pistol,” in which an oxygen-hydrogen flame is burning, the metal, BRASS WORLD 171 in the form of wire, being fed to this flame from which it is projected by air pressure. The deposition of zinc, lead, tin and aluminum present relatively little difficulties, and even metals of high melting points, such as copper, may be deposited in this way. There does not appear to be any alloying effect between the sprayed metal and the base, and the manner in which adherence is effected is speculative. From the fact that the metal is at quite a low temperature a short’ distance from the pistol, it is inferred that the great velocity with which it leaves the pistol (stated to be approximately 3,000 ft. per second) causes it to liquify as a result of its violent impact with the surface upon which it is directed. Im- mediate contraction on solidification probably causes the sprayed metal particles to “grip” on to the surface crystals of the metal coated ; at any rate a surface which is rough, is found to be the best for spraying, and accordingly, articles are subjected as a rule to preliminary sand- blasting. | | As with the Sherard process a matte deposit is always obtained, as would be expected. Although the process is comparatively costly—from three to six times as costly as galvanizing—its most valuable application, in which it is unrivalled by any of the other processes, is apparent; it consists in applying metallic coatings to surfaces which, owing to their size and position, cannot’conveniently be treated in any other way than by the use of a mobile coat- ing apparatus. It is thus specially adapted for such work as the interior of tanks, bridge and open air structures and assembled or completed units generally. Since it is without competition in these cases, it is idle to compare costs. } It is seen from the foregoing that each of the processes which have been described has a special sphere of applica- tion for which it is particularly suitable, while at the same time there are also distinct limits to the exploitation of each. Careful consideration of each particular problem is obviously necessary before a decision of the best process to adopt should be made. Apparatus for Solution Analysis Apparatus has been de-: ° veloped by the State Manu-, facturing Company, 4722'S... Turner Avenue, -Chicago;. Ill., for determining the sul-- - phate content of chromium. plating solutions. This ap-- paratus is said to provide. a-rapid and accurate meth-- od, and direct-reading... The: - time consumed in - making. such a_ determination _. is. seven minutes.- ~~. -*. °y This company. “is: .also. placing on the market. an apparatus .for determining” the chlorides. ini niekel-plat-_. ing solutions ; also.by. the. - - direct -réading . méthod,. in.» ounces per gallon. .-* 0500+ _. .Such. ‘laboratory. .equip-. ment is in line with the trend in the plating indus- try, toward rapid and prac- tical ways of scientifically controlling solutions, Analytical Apparatus
Page 14
172 Tilted Plating Barrel Recently designed and placed on the market is a new type of tilted mechanical plating apparatus manufac- tured by Lasalco, Inc., 2822-38 Lasalle Street, St. Louts, Mo., long engaged in the manufacture of equipment and supplies for electroplaters, polishers, etc. The new barrel is known as the “Bulls Eye” and is equipped with Lasalco “Bulls Eye” anodes, which embody the center New Type Tilting Plating Barrel negative conductor, claimed by the manufacturer to en- hance the barrel plating process considerably. The makers state that the new type of tilted barrel will plate .the load without plating the inside of the barrel thereby making for higher efficiency in the proc- ess, with reduced cost as a consequence. In the type of barrel having the negative conductors attached to the barrel, they state, the conductors must periodically be removed and cleaned to prevent the treeing out and spreading of the deposit to parts of the barrel adjacent to the connection. This spreading is said to be likely to continue and become a source of serious inefficiency in operation, as the deposit will then adhere more to the inside of the barrel than to the load of work placed in it for plating. There is great loss of time due to this, they state, as with only a part of the deposit going on the load, a longer time is necessary to accomplish the desired finish. With this in mind, the new barrel has been designed, it is claimed, and barrel plating may now be carried on without the detrimental spreading. In the “Bulls Eye” apparatus, the circle-grooved anode. is suspended _hori- zontally over the cathodes. The insulated negative con- ductor is conveyed directly through the center of the anode to the cathodes. The arrangement is shown in the illustration, where a portion of the barrel has. been cut away to show the anode and negative conductor. Dimensions of the barrel, inside, are 21 in. diameter at top, 24 in. at bottom; depth, 21 in. Weight, with belt drive, approximately 600 Ibs.; requires 4 by 5 ft. BRASS WORLD July, 1929 floor space. With motor drive, weight is about 700 Ibs. and same floor space is required. Standard belt drive has tight and loose pulleys, 16 by 3 in. For motor drive, one-half horsepower motors of desired current are sup- plied. Plant Lubrication Equipment A special type of apparatus for the lubrication of plant machinery, vehicles and other apparatus requiring lubri- cation is manufactured by the Dot Lubricating Equipment Company, a division of the Carr Fastener Company, Cam- bridge, Mass. The Dot company also supplies lubricants of various types. The equipment offered for plant use and for heavy vehicular use has been designed for bearings which must be kept free of dust and grit which might tend to impair the parts. The company’s outfit known as the “Nozzle- Fil,” consists chiefly of a barrel pump for drawing the lubricant from the drums or barrels in which it is stored, a filling tank into which the lubricant is transferred for carrying to the machinery or vehicle to be lubricated, and a gun for the actual work of lubricating. These three pieces of equipment are shown in the illustration. Other equipment such as pressure cups for attachment to ma- chinery or vehicles, nipples of various angles by means of which the “‘Nozzle-Fil” gun is applied, and the lubri- cant are also supplied by the Dot company. Describing the use of the ‘Nozzle-Fil’” equipment, the makers state that the barrel pump is attached to the drum of lubricant. By its use, the hand filling tank which the operator can carry is filled with lubricant without danger of dirt or grit getting into it to injure bearings. After the tank is filled at the barrel, the operator carries it to the equipment to be lubricated, where he sets it down. He then takes the hand filling pump and fills it from the filling tank by means of a pump on the small tank. He then attaches the gun to nipples or pressure cups on the vehicles or machinery he is lubricating and proceeds to force the proper amount of lubricant into the bearings by twisting the handle of the gun. It is pointed out that the grease throughout the opera- | @ Barrel Pump, Hand Pump and Hand Filling Tank for Lubrication tion—from drum to bearing—is not exposed to the air for more than a few seconds, which, the makers claim, eliminates all danger of dirt or grit entering it.
Page 15
July, 1929 Salt Spray Testing Equipment The Belke Manufacturing Company, Chicago, IIl., manufacturers of plating equipment, testing devices, etc., have just designed and placed on the market a new type of apparatus for salt spray testing. The new equipment is said to be built on entirely new lines, dif- fering from those of the salt spray testing equipment Salt Spray Tester the company has been marketing from some years and which have found wide acceptance among metal finish- ers, platers, etc., according to the makers. In introducing the new equipment, the Belke com- pany states that the importance of adequate tests of metallic finishes should not be underestimated. Plating production without definite means of ascertaining the quality of plate produced is inadvisable, and mere ex- amination by eye is not always a good measure of the properties of the plate. Salt spray tests, they claim, aid in overcoming the risk of poor results with consequent necessity of replating or refinishing. The new testing apparatus shown in the illustration is larger than the company’s older product. This unit is a square tank of white enameled steel, with Monel trimmings and glass top, mounted on legs. It is equipped with a sloping drain and glass rack for articles to be tested. It is gas tight and adapted to testing plating of various kinds. This new machine is said to be based on the same general principles which have characterized the other unit. The Bureau of Standards, commenting on the Salt Spray test have found: “Although the salt spray test is subject to objections, it may be regarded as the best test for zinc coatings. A sample showing rust spots in 24 hours should be set aside as unsatisfactory, while a sample that would withstand two or three days could be relied on as to the plating. Any test which will effectively show the presence, number and approximate size of breaks or pinholes in a comparatively short time (usually 3 to 10 hours) may be used to include in a general Wily the quality of the coat applied. BRASS WORLD 173 Aside from what is claimed to be the highly efficient design of this Belke product for testing purposes, its appearance is attractive, giving the whole equipment a clean, white effect. Electric Grinding Machinery Hill-Curtis Company, Kalamazoo, Mich., manufac- turers of polishing equipment, have just introduced a new line of 6 and 8 inch electrically driven grinding ma- chines, one type of which is shown in the illustration. These machines are made for either bench or pedestal use, and they can be supplied for either direct or alter- nating current. The ma- chines are equipped with high erade, oversize ball bearings, mounted in the end head in close proximity to the wheels, all bearings are completely en- closed and protected from dust and grit. This machine, like all Hill-Curtis electrically- driven grinding and polishing machines, is enclosed and dust proof, having no holes or open slots in the motor housing or end bells, thereby eliminating possible danger to windings by the accumulation of emery grit, dust, or other particles of dirt. Two-pole underwriters’ ap- proved quick-make-and-break switch is standard equipment. The wheel guards and tool rest are adjustable to the wear of the wheels and can be quickly removed when the type of operation does not permit their use. Single phase, alternating current machines are equipped with improved commu- tating type repulsion-induction motor, which has no dragging centrifugal switch. Low voltage has no objec- tionable effect on this single phase machine. Starting current is unusually low, thereby making it the ideal ma- chine for attaching to convenient lighting circuit outlet. Motors in all. Hill-Curtis electrically-driven grinding and polishing machines are enclosed and dust proof, guaranteed to develop name plate power rating and are liberally proportioned to withstand momentary overload of 100 per cent beyond rated capacity. Pedestal Type Electric Grinder Black on Steel’ O.—We understand that a new process has been developed for blacking cold rolled steel, other than the Parkerizing process, which has been known for some time. We are interested in this finish and we would appre-’ ciate it if you would give us the name of the process and tell us where we can secure some additional information. A .—We have no knowledge of any process other than Parkerizing for blackening cold rolled steel, nor do we have any knowledge of those who may be practicing any process that is markedly different from the Parker process. —JosEpH HAAS.
Page 16
174 BRASS WORLD July, 1929 Dissolving Gold for Plating Bath -Q.—I recently took a new position in a plating shop. ‘The man whom I succeeded failed to show me much about his gold solution. A few days before he left he tried to show me his method of adding gold to a solution. It was about as follows: He took 2 oz. gold and placed it ina bofution of muri- atic and nitric acid, waiting until the gold was all cut up, then placing it in ‘water, adding ammonia, and allowing it to settle: He repeated this several times, then he added ~cyanide.. When placed in the bath, the whole thing turned very dark. I have had the same trouble since then, as he ‘did not stay long enough to show me what the trouble was. I used the same chloride he had prepared. I have tried adding silver to brighten up the solution. This has resulted in a green gold solution. Can you give me any advice? I want a good gold solution to produce an or- - dinary gold plate. ~A.—tThe following is the: correct procedure for dis- _ solving gold and preparing it for the gold bath. Take muriatic acid 3 parts, nitric acid 1 part, pour over the gold, and aid solution by having the evaporating dish on a sand bath under which there is a small flame. Evaporate e . slowly until thick and syrupy, to evaporate excess acids. Be careful not to burn the gold. Then transfer to a larger jar, rinse out evaporating dish with water and - dissolve chloride of gold with water. Add ammonia to precipitate gold as fulminate, then filter. Test first fil- trate with ammonia to make sure that all gold is precipi- tated. Then wash the fulminate of gold upon filter paper at least a dozen times with large volumes of water. This is to wash out nitrates and chlorides. Do not allow ful- minate of gold to dry; it is explosive. In the meantime have dissolved a saturated solution of cyanide, and, after washings are complete, pour over ful- minate of gold, and collect cyanide gold solution in a jar or bottle. This should constitute your stock gold solu- tion which is to be added to your regular bath as needed. The gold solution’s turning dark was caused, undoubt- edly, by the chlorides and nitrates not being properly washed out of the fulminate. This also was the cause of the darkening of your gold deposit. We would not ad- vise you to put carbonate of copper into your gold solu- |. tion, although this is done by experienced gold platers.to ~ obtain a rose gold. From what your problem is, as stated, we believe you wish a pure yellow gold. We would ad- vise you to work out the silver in your gold solution to remove the green. Then add gold stock solution and 2 ozs. per gallon of trisodium phosphate, which tends to ~ help deposition of yellow gold. If that should not remedy your trouble, the only thing left for you to do is to send your gold solution to the refiners and make up a new gold solution, as follows: WORE oc aces ang ot de Se kes EAS 1 gallon SOAMAETAITY OMOAPIEABS oi se wd wets 1 oz. Trisodium phosphate ............. 2 ozs : Use stock gold solution with 1 Dwt. gold per gallon... If you are depositing heavy gold 10 to 30 minutes, op- erate your solution at 120°F; if only flash gilding, 180°F —JosepH HAas. Antique Bronze and lron ()—Enclosed are samples of cast bronze hardware we manufacture. The finish on these pieces is satisfactory as to color, but our method of getting it is complicated and expensive. Can you tell us a simple means of getting this finish? It should be fairly non-corrosive. We also want to know how to put a dull, non-corrosive, _ antique iron finish on the same kind of cast bronze hard- ware. This also should be the simplest and least expensive _ finish possible, although we do not wish to sacrifice results in, seri of. winiae on costs. ish’-and produced in the following way: Gleanéd thor- oughly. with alkaline cleaner. and bright . dip;. without drying, immerse in the following solution: copper nitrate, LJb.; water, 1 gallon. Then, without drying, place on hot plate and heat with gas flames until black smut is produced. Then relieve highlights with a soft piece of felt or a linen rag. ‘The finish is usually preserved by waxing. To produce an antique iron finish on cast bronze, it will be necessary to plate the work in an iron solution. For- mula for iron solution: POPUP OMS: CRIOTICS «0. vi! oletd leis bans ae oe 40 oz. CACED CRIOMUIO oils. Sleds Suvetalbiek. 2 45 oz. DME wineb leiearrh:< aie] + siasihiers oa snpnes 1 gallon Temperature 190° F. 180 amperes per square foot.. “After the work is iron plated, it is painted with a solu- tion of sulphur that has been dissolved in turpentine and then heated on a hot plate or gas flame until a smut is produced. Relieve with a piece of soft felt and then wax. This method of producing an antique iron may require a little experimenting before it is found satisfactory. The deposit of iron is no more rust proof than ordinary. wrought iron, but the finish protects it against corrosion for a considerable time when exposed to atmospheric conditions. After cleansing in the alkaline cleaner 1¢ is advisable to pass the bronze articles through a bright dip and reclean in alkaline cleaner to make sure that the surface is abso- lutely clean before placing in the iron bath. _ The cathode should be agitated to obtain a smooth’ deposit. and the anodes, which are of rolled iron, are suspended in porous pots to prevent particles from the. anode reaching the cathode and causing a rough deposit. As the metal concentration of this solution is quite high, it is necessary to use a temperature of 190° F., and a deposit of .003” is obtained in 1 hour with a current den- sity of 65 amperes per square foot. The solution prac- tically maintains itself with metal from the anode, and if not used for some time will not deteriorate. —OLIvER J. SIZELOVE. Chromium Solution Formula — ©.—I would like to have a formula for a chromium plating solution together with directions for using. such a solution. A.—Formula for chromium solution: Chromic acid ...:. a Sees t. ou, dhs 55 oz. Sulphuric acid ........... . 0.3 oz. by weight Weeaitter {iw dau jaah yin My w Wid Iey ed ehhh 1 gallon Temperature, 95° to 100°F.; cathode current density, 35 to 50 amperes per square foot. Use 6% antimonial lead anodes. The tank should be made of iron and glass lined. —OLIVER J. SIZELOVE.
Page 17
BRASS, WORLD Published Monthly by THE BRASS WORLD PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. 11 Cliff Street, New York Telephone, Beekman 2306 SUBSCRIPTION RATES ADVERTISING RATES ON APPLICATION : Domestic, one year, $1.00. Canadian, one year, $1.50. Foreign, one year, Issued about the 25th of each month $2.00. Single copies, current issue, 10 cents each. CONTENTS Electroplaters’ Annual Convention in Detroit 159 International Fellowship Club Pitted Brass Casting Due to Improper Mold- By W. J. Reardon Nickel Clad Steel Melting Pots Flooring for Factories Flux for Various Alloys Is Superposed Alternating Current Worth By Our London Correspondent Bright Brass Deposit By Joseph Haas Appreciates Brass World Service White Alloy for Hardware Nickel on Iron and Steel By Joseph Haas Simple Detector for Pinholes in Metal.... Ball Bearing Punch Large Pressure Tanks Nickel on Steel The Dust Arrester—Its Industrial Applica- A Comparison Between Metal Coating Pro- cesses By Dr. James Silberstein Apparatus for Solution Analysis Tilted Plating Barrel Plant Lubrication Equipment Salt Spray Testing Equipment Electric Grinding Machinery Black on Steel By Joseph Haas Dissolving Gold for Plating Bath Antique Bronze and Iron Chromium Solution Formula Editorials | Question and Answers Associations and Societies Personals Business Reports in Brief New Companies Trade Publications BRASS WORLD is regularly indexed in the INDUSTRIAL ARTS INDEX Forms close on the 15th Electroplaters’ Officials Re-Elected HE American Electroplaters’ Society has paid the signal honor to its officials of re-electing them in a body for the year 1929-1930. These officials, Horace H. Smith, C. A. Van Derau, W. J. R. Kennedy, George Gehling and F, J. Hanlon made such a remarkable record during the past year that the Society felt it their due to keep them in office, and also that the best interests of the Society would be served thereby. We sincerely congratulate these gentlemen on their outstanding achievements, and also the Society upon its good fortune in having stich men of ability and integrity to carry on its work. The International Fellowship Club, the official organ- ization of electroplating salesmen, also is breaking all records for popularity and effectiveness. The Detroit meeting was the best attended in the history of the Club and the speakers were deservedly greeted with enthusiasm. The International Fellowship Club is well on its way to become a power in the electroplating trade. How im- portant that power will be for good can be judged from the code of ethics which is the backbone of the Club. The electroplating industry is now becoming well forti- fied. It remains only for the recently formed Equipment and Supply Manufacturers’ Association to keep step with the other organizations in its line. ‘Dust Versus Safety NE of the worst enemies of safety in the manufac- turing plant is dust. There is no factory without it, and among those peculiarly susceptible to this evil are plants doing sand casting, grinding and polishing. The character of such trades makes it impossible to prevent the formation of dust; consequently strong meas- ures must be taken to keep it from injuring the men. Powerful exhaust systems are not enough. They must be laid out with care in order to remove the dust before it gets into the air. For example, an outlet placed in such a manner that the dust will be drawn past the men in the room is just as bad as no outlet at all as the men will inhale the dust as it passes them. The dust should be drawn off just as it leaves the machine where it is formed. Dust is an insidious enemy. It is often present in quan- tities too small to be noticed by city dwellers, who are accustomed to bad atmosphere. It is nevertheless dan- gerous because its effects are cumulative. While the dust itself may be non-poisonous, it is very likely to be a mechanical irritant. Health Practices Pamphlet No. 4, published by the National Safety Council of Chicago, lists the effects of dust inhalation, among which are weakened lungs resulting in such diseases as pneumonia, tubercu- losis, etc. Safety in ha hae means more than the prevention of accidents; it should also mean the elimination of occupa- tional diseases and the many forms of lowered health and resistance which may be caused by bad working conditions.
Page 18
176 BRASS WORLD July, 1929 Questions and Answers All inquiries are answered in the order received and, whenever possible, the answers published in the next regular issue Black Nickel on Silver ©.—Please give me information on black nickel. I have some bronze castings to silver plate and then finish in a blue black, which I think is black nickel. What chemicals are used to make the solution and what kind of anodes are used? _ How must bronze castings be polished for silver plate? Must they be buffed or not? Will a 120 emery finish be good enough for a black nickel plate? I have no sample or I would send it to you. The door plate shows blue black on each end; center is satin silver with a gloss lacquer on it. How will I get the black off in center without injury to the silver? A.—Whether you buff your castings before silver plat- ing depends upon the results you wish to obtain. If you wish a smooth finish, buffing is necessary; if only a satin, an emery finish is sufficient. A formula for a black nickel, soft and easy to relieve, is as follows: SS Bata. 6 cs be = x Gis sere 4a0 1 gal. Geeame TICKEL SAIS: ooo ee cs Sees thas 8 oz. ee Us Ga eee ee eae ee 1 oz. RNOE BUIDIALE os gs ose pe hes 4 Oz Sodium sulpho-cyanate .......... 2 oz. Plate at not more than ¥% volt. You relieve the black with a soft rag wheel moving at 1,000 r. p. m., using pumice stone and water. You must use judgment on how much pressure to apply in relieving -in order to avoid cutting through the silver. After relieving with the rag wheel, lightly scratch-brush with clean water and dry lacquer. —JosEPH Haas. Blue-White Finish “Q.—Please to accommodate us with a formula for a white finish similar to white gold. We have a lot of articles that come to us that have been chromium plated, but where the plate has worn off. We have to take off the chromium and refinish it white, with either a white gold or some other kind of a blue-white finish similar to the color of chromium plate. — A.—We recommend that you refinish the articles in chromium. However, if you do not wish to do that, or have not the facilities, the only thing left for you to do is to cadmium plate your articles. Use this solution: ile ache hints iirc yal s «Au ainiy wo 1 gal. AAI UAC oe sida win's srk bla 42 5.08, EEN OAMIO ah «win icinsi Stee scans 6 oz. Se SL OT aa Uy Pa a 1 oz. The solution is operated at 3 to 4 volts. —JosEPH Haas. Chromium Plating Practice Q.—I am using a solution of chromic acid, chromic sulphate and iron sulphate. My work is not satisfactory, however, as part of it comes out dull and part bright. Can you tell me if I should hang the work in the solution before I turn on the current, or would you advise me to turn in the current before I put the work in the solution? I am using 8 volts and 400 amperes, leaving the work in the solution for one minute. Do you think my solution and method are good? A.—Many are obtaining very good results with the solution you are using. The usual commercial practice is to have the current turned on before placing the articles into the tank. Since we know of cases where similar trouble was eliminated by having the current turned on, we believe your difficulty will be eliminated if you also | follow this practice, —JosEPH HAas. —_ Cleaning Lead-Zine Alloys Q.—We will be very pleased if you will kindly inform us of the procedure of washing and cleaning metal for plating. The metal has a zinc and lead base. We have been using gasoline, but this is very hazardous. A.—While cleaning lead-zinc base alloy articles with gasoline is admittedly a hazardous and also disagreeable method, we doubt very much if you will find one that is as efficient and that will not discolor your articles. You might try soaking in a 2 oz. solution of whale oil soap to loosen the tripoli and then in a vertical agitator clean with soap chips, about 5 Ibs. to 100 gallons water. The articles are handled in baskets, the whale oil soap is kept boiling and the soap solution Juke warm. —JosEPH HAas, ae Coating Brass with Lead O.—We would like to avail ourselves of whatever in- formation you are in a position to give us as to a prac- tical production procedure for coating brass castings with lead in about the same manner as battery terminal attach- ments are coated. The pieces are irregular in shape and weigh about 2 oz. each. A.—After the castings are removed from the gates, tumble with steel jacks in water. This will remove all the sand and give you clean castings. consisting of the following units, should be arranged in such a manner as to conserve both time and _ physical labor. 1. Rectangular tanks with clean cold running water. 2. Bright dip, Your “leaching”’ unit, | Z :
Page 19
July, 1929 ONBEEES WON S04). uss. MAG siaibs, ¢ 5 parts Sulphuric eh. uk eal ks 2 parts in a 50-gallon jar, standing in the rectangular tank of (1). 3. Small hot water tank, 4. Zinc chloride flux tank. 5. Molten lead bath-temperature maintained at 50° F above melting point of lead with pyrometer, and well covered with charcoal to prevent oxidation. 6. Hot water tank with inclined panels on front to roll baskets on. 7. Sawdust tumbling barrel. With the castings in baskets, immerse in the bright dip, rinse thoroughly in cold water and then immerse in the hot water. Then into the zinc chloride flux. After shak- ing off excess flux, immerse in molten lead bath. The operator should wear goggles, have a heavy leather apron, and his hands should be protected with leather gloves, as the lead will spatter. With a hook and chain arrangement the basket can be lowered into the lead with less danger to the operator. The castings are allowed to remain in the lead bath about 2 minutes to thoroughly heat them through. They are then removed and briskly rolled on the inclined panel on the front of the hot water tank. This is to remove excess lead, and then quenched in the hot water. They are then tumbled in the sawdust tumble. —JoserpH Haas. Gun Metal on Steel Q.—I am sending you a buckle with gun metal finish. I should appreciate the formula for this finish as I could use it to great advantage on steel parts. A.—The buckle is case hardened steel and then highly burnished with steel balls in a burnishing barrel. From tests made upon the finish, we are confident that it has been produced by the nitrate process. In an iron pot melt : Sodium nitrate Potassium nitrate ...... Obey c eeyA 1 part Keep this mixture thinly molten, but do not allow it to smoke. If your steel buckles are immersed in this mixture in baskets (take care to shake up a little so that action is uniform, they will turn the same color as the sample. Remove and plunge into warm water which will remove salts. Tumble in sawdust or leather meal to brighten. —JosEPH HAas. Low pH and Chloride in Nickel ©.—My nickel solution has been giving me quite a bit of trouble. I am sending a sample for analysis. I recently tried to improve my work by completely overhauling the solution. Now I find that the work peels a great deal, whereas previously I had had no such difficulty. A.—Analysis of nickel solution: Metalic macttel 6. i065 Sas di ain 3.18 oz. CRICE 6 5 5 VENI etek AOS 0.92 oz. aati i hae en Won sb a came c ald a as 52 The pH of the solution is too low; so is the chloride content. Add 6 oz. of 26° ammonium hydroxide to each 100 gallons of solution and also 1 oz. of ammonium chloride to each gallon. Look also to your cleaning methods. You may find that some of your trouble is caused by improper cleaning. —OLIvER J. SizELove. BRASS WORLD 177 -Nickel Under Chromium ().—Would you kindly give us the formula for a bright nickel plating solution for barrel work? We would like to chromium plate over the nickel. What kind of a barrel would you suggest using? A.—If you have any idea of chromium plating in a bar- rel, give it up. Plating chromium from a still solution will give you all you will have the desire to contend with. Also, if you use a brightener, such as cadmium or glue in your nickel solution, do not attempt to chromium plate over this. Brighteners make a nickel deposit brittle, and in attempting to deposit over such nickel deposits with chromium, the nickel peels off. A brightener for nickel barrel solution would be: 4 oz. cadmium sulphate in 1 gallon of water, to be used in 2 fluid oz. portions as needed. 3 If the above does not fully answer your question, kindly be a little more descriptive and specific in your questions and we will be able to give you more complete information. —JOSEPH FLAAS. Pewter Plating Formula ©O.—Will you kindly let me have a formula for a solution which will put a pewter plate on brass? I would also like to have a formula for a dip to darken the pew- ter somewhat. A.—To make up a pewter sauiee use the following formula, dissolving in water in the order named: Solution No. 1 Pemtet, bilaialhe . di iG de dalcnres 1 gallon Stantious: ‘chloride: + is! wider is sede 2 oz. mieweile Salts ciwhiasint (Paes be 1 oz sodium ‘hydroxide. .22000 2.05 2 02z. Solution No. 2 Vag hs, 2 tgp eS Sap SP alee SAM ap bret i 1 gallon RR COUR rg po ina ph lt WY OZ. sodium hydroxide ............. 3 Oz. Mix the two solutions together and operate at a volt- age of 1% to 2. Use bars of ordinary solder as anodes. To darken the deposit, brush over with the following solution, using a painter’s sash brush: WEMNEE <2 ty ceeris FA a eae 1 gallon ROgpet acetate \.. Kise. oh cdaed 1 oz. Ammonium chloride .......... Y oz. Wipe off with a cloth prin ere and then lacquer. —JosErH Haas. Softening Water for Plating O.—We are having a little trouble due to the condition of our water, which has thirty grains of hardness, con- sisting mostly of chloride lime. This condition spots our work after coming from the hot water which hardens up, and we very often cut the nickel through in order to get these spots off. We are now trying a mild soap rinse before placing in hot water and this seems to help some. We would like to know if you could suggest something which would help us to eliminate this condition entirely. In our nickel, in which we use the same water, we have a hard time to bring the pH down. It takes from 3 to 4 pounds of sulphuric acid per day in a 2,000 gallon tank to even bring this down to between 6.2 and 6.5. The nickel has 5 to 54%4 ounces of metal to the gallon, and about 2% ounces of chloride. |
Page 20
178 BRASS Our work is all stamped brass and cast brass, and we would like to know if adding this much sulphuric acid will cause us trouble in time, or whether the excessive hardness of the water will cause us trouble in our nickel tank, : A.—tThe only practical method of eliminating the hard- ness of water used in a plating room, is to soften it in the same manner in which water is softened for boilers. If you have your own boiler room you surely would not consider using the water such as you mention. ‘There- fore you should not consider using it in your plating solutions. Other concerns in the Middle West have found it to be a paying proposition to have the water softened be- fore using it in the plating department, either as rinse water or for solutions. From your description you are having sufficient difficulty now with your nickel with- out waiting for the future to give you more. —JosEPH HAAS. Statuary Bronze Finish O.—We are having some trouble getting a good statuary bronze finish on brass. We wonder if you could advise us on this subject? - A.—We presume you have in mind the finish called statuary bronze. You could use either of the following methods most convenient to you. Method 1—Direct on Brass Articles buffed and cleansed in usual plating manner are immersed in a warm solution of barium sulphide, %. oz. water, 1 gallon, until a brown color is obtained. Scratch brush wet at 1,200 R: P. M., and then give the articles a quick dip in the barium sulphide solution. Rinse WORLD July, 1929 — in cold water, dry in hot water (and warm sawdust if necessary), and lacquer. Method 2 First copper plate articles and then immerse in a cold. solution of , WM oe bea sa oe bk hae oe 1 gallon Potassium sulphuret ...... 4 oz until a purple iridescent color is obtained. Rinse in cold water then in hot water, and dry scratch brush. Lacquer. —JosEPH Haas. Stripping Chromium from Die Castings ©. Can you recommend any method of stripping chro- mium and nickel from die castings without injury to the base metal? A.—Chromium is soluble in muriatic acid or dilute sulphuric. It dissolves in these acids quite rapidly, and if the articles are watched, the chromium can be removed without injury to the die castings. To remove the nickel, make up an electrolytic strip of concentrated sulphuric acid. The die castings, of course, are placed into the strip as anodes. For cathode, use. either lead or copper, preferably copper. Have a switch placed in the circuit so that it can be broken before re- moving articles. Use full voltage of the circuit, 6 to 12 volts. In this stripping operation also, if. articles are watched the nickel can be removed and all that is neces- sary to prepare the die castings for plating is color-buffing. If after some use of the strip the zinc die castings show pitting, it is a sign that the strip has absorbed too much moisture from the air and a new strip should be made up —JosEPH HAas. Associations and Societies American Electroplaters’ Society HEADQUARTERS, CARE OF GEORGE GEHLING, 5001 EDMUND STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA. Los Angeles Branch (Temporary ) HEADQUARTERS, CARE OF M. D. RYNKOFS, 1354 WEST 25TH STREET, LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA Regular June Meeting Twenty-four members were present at the regular meeting of the temporary Los Angeles Branch, Ameri- can Electroplaters’ Society, held June 12, 1929, at the Central Y. M. C. A., Los Angeles. The dinner, which usually precedes the meeting, was followed by a short business session, after which there was an instructive technical session under the direction of Charles Russell, librarian of the branch. The monthly Question Box con- tained the following questions: How to Copper Plate Aluminum Without Preliminary Nickel Plating. ° Methods of Gold Plating and Solution Maintenance. Treatment of Cyanide Sores. Anodes for Chromium Plating. Control of Arsenic Content in Brass Solutions. Method of Producing Statuary Bronze Finish Directly on Brass Without Preliminary Copper Plating. Formula for Verde Green (Dark) Solution. Each question was given consideration, most of them being discussed immediately and a few laid over until the next meeting, at which time some of the members will bring answers prepared in the interim. At the next meeting the subject of chromium plating on aluminum will be discussed. The meeting will be held July 10, at 6:15 p. m., at Central Y. M. C. A., Los An- geles. Platers and others interested are urged to attend. —M. D. Rynxors, Secretary. Chicago Branch HEADQUARTERS, CARE OF §S. J. C. TRAPP, 1127 NORTH STREET, MAYWOOD, ILLINOIS New Officers Installed — The Chicago Branch, American Electroplaters’ Society held its regular monthly meeting on June 8, 1929, at the Atlantic Hotel, Chicago. After concluding some business matters, including discussion of proposed changes in the constitution, F. J. Hanlon, past president of the Society, installed the officers recently elected for the 1929-30 year, as foliows: President, S. J. C. Trapp, formerly secretary-treasurer. Vice-president, J. J. Witte. Secretary-treasurer, J. C. Kretschmer. 7th . Librarian, O. E. Servis. Board of Managers: R. J. Hagucha, chairman; G. Jelineck, R. Kelly. Sergeant-at-arms, David Greenblatt. The meeting was then taken over by the librarian, O. E. Servis, who conducted the Question Box. After the ses- sion, the annual smoker took place. There was musical entertainment by the Apollo Quartet. —J. C. KreTSCHNER, Secretary.
Page 21
j 3 July, 1929 BRASS WORLD 179 Personals F. L. Driver, Jr., president of the Driver-Harris Company, Harrison, N. J., is in Europe on a business trip. C. M. Loeb has resigned as president of the Amer- ican Metal Company, New York. His successor has not been announced as yet. Clarence A. Earl, former vice-president of the American Hardware Company, New Britain, Conn., is now president of the Charles Freshman Company, Chicago, Ill., radio manufacturers. William F. Quinn has been appointed office manager of the Bausch Machine Tool Company, Springfield, Mass. Mr. Quinn was formerly with the James and E. H. Wilson Company, Pittsfield, Mass. W. H. Kay has been appointed sales manager in the Kansas City district by the. Surface Combustion Company, Toledo, Ohio. In former years Mr. Kay has been in company’s erection, estimating and sales departments. J. P. Armstrong has been appointed manager of the metal stampings contract division in California for the Geuder, Paeschke and Frey Company, Mil- waukee, Wis. He will make his headquarters in the Balboa Building, San Francisco. A. D. Camp has joined the carbon sales division of the National Carbon Company. Mr. Camp has been technically engaged in the carbon field for many years. For the past three years he has been on the staff of the Aluminum Company of America, Pittsburgh, Pa. Frederick M. Becket, vice-president of the Electro Metallurgical Company and the Union Carbide Com- pany, both of New York City, sailed on June 14 for Italy. Mr. Becket, with his family, intends to tour a number of countries in Europe, returning in the fall. J. F. Hahn has been appointed vice-president and treasurer in charge of finance of the National Enamel- ing and Stamping Company, Inc., Milwaukee, Wis. Thomas Gulley has been named vice-president in charge of sales. Both have been with the company for many years. Julian D. Conover has been appointed secretary of the American Zinc Institute, New York City, to suc- ceed Stephen S. Tuthill, whose resignation becomes effective August l. Mr. Conover was formerly for seven years secretary of the Tri-State Zinc and Lead Ore Producers’ Association. L. H. Beyer has become sales, director of the Durbar bearing bronze division of the Buffalo Bronze Die Cast Corporation, Buffalo, N. Y. Formerly, Mr. Beyer was for many years identified with the American Radiator Company, same city, as manufacturing executive and as director of purchases. Merton W. Zeman, sales manager of the machine division of the Osborn Manufacturing Company, Cleveland, Ohio, has returned from Europe. He was accompanied by William Rawlinson, managing direc- tor of J. W. Jackman and Company, London, Eng- * land, who is making an inspection tour.of American plants. George E. Irvin, foreman plater, Reading Hardware Company, Reading, Pa., and Mrs. Irvin, in returning from a four months’ vacation in California, Colorado, Arizona and Utah, stopped over at the annual con- vention of the American Electroplaters’ Society, held in Detroit July 8 to 11. Mr. Irvin has resumed his duties with the Reading Hardware Company. Willard A. Johnson has been made manager of the eastern offices of the National Acme Company, Cleve- Ohio offices, land, Ohio, to succeed Harry T. Latto, resigned June 16, 1929. Mr. Johnson has been with the company for some time, being previously connected with the going from there to the New York dis- trict, headquarters of which are at 117 Liberty Street, New York City. Thomas Evans, vice-president of Merchant and Evans Company, Philadelphia, Pa.; Charles Hook, vice-president of American Rolling Mill Company, Middletown, Ohio; and Charles Piez, chairman of Link-Belt Company, Chicago, Ill, have been ap- pointed to a committee which will study immigration problems for the Chamber of Commerce of the United States, Washington, D. C. George F. Bain has been appointed northeastern district manager for the Copperweld Steel Company, Glassport, Pa. His territory includes New England and New York north of Westchester and Rockland counties. Paul Van Wagner continues as district manager for New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and West Virginia. Both maintain headquarters at 30 Church Street, New York City. F. C. Frary, director of research of the Aluminum Company of America, Pittsburgh, Pa., was elected president of the American Electrochemical Society at the annual meeting in Toronto, Canada, May 29. Dr. Frary has been with the Aluminum Company since 1919, having previously been with the Chemical War- fare Division, U.S. A. Among his achievements have been the invention of “Frary”’ metal (in collaboration with Dr. S. Temple), and the development, with Major D. J. Demorest, of the world’s largest phosgene plants. Dr. Frary graduated from the University of Minnesota in. 1905 and spent ten years teaching there. The Hanson-Van Winkle-Munning Company of Matawan, New Jersey, manufacturers of electroplat- ing and polishing equipment and supplies, has recently made a number of changes in its sales organization. H. R. Smallman, for the past three years assistant to the sales manager, has been made manager of the Chi- cago office, with headquarters at 549 West Washing- ton Boulevard. H. M. Cherry, who for the past seven years has represented the company in Michigan, has been made manager of the Detroit office, with head- quarters at 5415—12th Street. Louis M. Hague, who for the past two years has represented the company in Western’ Pennsylvania, has been made manager of the Pittsburgh-Cleveland office, with headquarters at 106 Liberty Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa., the territory comprising Ohio, Western Pennsylvania and West Virginia, C. J. Steuber, Milwaukee district sales manager for the Carborundum Company, Niagara Falls, N. Y., has been appointed district sales manager at Detroit, with headquarters in the new Carborundum Building, 2759 East Grand Boulevard, Detroit. He succeeds Anthony Dobson, who is retiring from active business. H. E. Kerwin, formerly of the Chicago district, takes over Mr. Steuber’s place at Milwaukee, while Robert Rain- nie will succeed Mr. Kerwin in the Chicago territory. George Harden, formerly of the Flint, Saginaw and Bay City, Mich., territory, has been made sales man- ager for Germany, with headquarters at the Deutsche Carborundum Works, Dusseldorf, Germany. He will be succeeded in the Michigan areas he covered by J. C. Gallen, formerly occupied with the Lansing and Ann Arbor districts in Michigan. H. S. Monroe, formerly of the Detroit area, succeeds Mr. Gallen and is succeeded in his old territory by Philip R. Dumas.
Page 22
180 BRASS WORLD July, 1929 ; Business Reports in Brief Wisconsin Metal Products Company, Racine, Wis., has plans for a one-story addition, 56x136 ft. Barnett Iron and Metal Company, Barberton, Ohio, has changed its name to I. A. Barnett Company. . Davidson Enamel Products, Inc., Lima, Ohio, has started operations in a branch plant at Connersville. Zouri Drawn Metals Company, Chicago Heights, Ill., has plans for an extension to cost about $30,000. Bay State Abrasive Products Company, Westboro, Mass., has plans for additional manufacturing units. Canadian Ohio Brass Company, Niagara Falls, Ont., Canada, is in the market for equipment for the manufacture of brass. Old Colony Plating Company, 135 Old Colony Ave- nue, So. Boston, Mass., plans additions and alterations to its plant. Private plans. Pyle National Company, Chicago, I1l., manufacturer of electric head lights, will build a two-story addition, 91 by 110 ft. to cost $48,000. Magnetic Mfg. Company, Milwaukee, Wis., is plan- ning an addition to cost $30,000 with equipment. Ma- chine tools will be purchased. C. and G. Foundry Company, Indianapolis, Ind., has taken over United Brass Works, to enlarge its facili- ties. Charles J. Geisler is president. | Kasle Iron and Metal Company, Toledo, Ohio, has awarded general contract for a one-story plant, to cost about $40,000 with equipment. Model Brass Foundry, Decatur, IIl., is erecting an addition to its plant, including a machine shop, 24x40 ft., which will double former capacity. Leonard and Rooke Company, 486 Broad Street, Providence, R. I., manufacturer of valves, has plans for a three-story and basement addition, 60x100 ft. Strayer Coin Bag Manufacturing Company, New Brighton, Pa., has awarded general contract for a one- story addition, to cost over $30,000 with equipment. Howard Brass Foundry, 2701 Fulton Street, Chi- cago, Ill., has moved to Franklin Park, Ill. The name of the company has been changed to Howard Foun- dries, Inc. Vortex Wing Corporation, Glendale, Cal., manu- facturer of aircraft specialties, has plans for a one- story unit, 66 x 85 ft., to cost about $25,000 with equipment. ; J. T. Healy and Son, 196 Main Street, Attleboro, Mass., jewelry manufacturers, are erecting a one-story manufacturing plant, 26x96 ft. Buffing tools are under consideration. Philadelphia Insulated Wire Company, 200 North Third Street, Philadelphia, Pa., has taken over adjoin- ing building, totalling about 7,500 sq. ft. floor space, for expansion. Runzel Lenz Electric Manufacturing Company, 1751 North Western Avenue, Chicago, Ill., plans to’ rebuild a factory recently destroyed by fire. mated cost $150,000. United States Phosphoric Products Company, East Tampa, Fla., J. E. McKee, general manager, will build a one-story, 130 x 160 ft. galvanized iron treating plant. Estimated cost $300,000. John A. Roebling’s Sons Company, Trenton, N. J., manufacturer of wire rope, cables, etc., has awarded general contract for a one-story addition, to cost about $125,000 with equipment. Extruded Metal Products Company, 109 S. Lincoln Avenue, Wheeling, W. Va., has begun work on a one- Esti- story foundry, to cost about $25,000 with equipment. — Joseph Millard is president. Eastman Manufacturing Company, Manitowoc, Wis., manufacturer of hose couplings and other metal specialties, is deferring construction of an addition until fall or early next year. Wilkening Manufacturing Company, Philadelphia, Pa., manufacturer of piston rings, radio equipment, etc., has awarded general contract for a one-story addition, to cost about $25,000. Worcester Brass and Electroplating Company, 316 — Shrewsbury Street, Worcester, Mass., lost by fire all enameling ovens and accessories. The company plans to install new equipment soon. B. Mercil and Sons Plating Company, 1911 Fulton Street, Chicago, Ill. manufacturer of plated metal goods, has let contract for a one-story addition, to cost about $45,000 with equipment. C. H. Hanson Company, 178 North Clark Street, Chicago, Ill., awarded contract for the addition to fac- tory for the manufacture of brass baggage checks, plates, etc. Estimated cost $50,000. Mueller Company, Decatur, IIl., manufacturer of brass pipe, plumbing equipment, etc., is having plans prepared for a two-story factory branch at Atlanta, Ga., to cost about $90,000 with equipment. Luna Metal Craft Corporation, sheet metal special- ties, stampings, etc., formerly located on W. 2lst Street, New York, has moved to 38-40 Emerson Place, Brooklyn, N. Y. H. A. Nodler is president. Standard Stamping and Perforating Company, Chi- cago, Ill., manufacturers of perforated metals, sheets, screens, etc., plans the construction of a one-story, 90 x 143 ft. factory. Estimated cost $20,000. Eagle Bronze Works, Inc., 10 North Bleeker Street, Mount Vernon, N. Y., has awarded general contract for a four-story addition, and improvements in present plant, to cost about $45,000, including equipment. Gilby Wire Company, 150 Riverside Avenue, New- ark, N. J., manufacturer of wire and tubing for radio trade, has placed contract for two one-story factory buildings, 50x160 ft. and 20x50 ft., to cost $100,000. Gillender and Company, Philadelphia, Pa., brass manufacturers, was completely demolished by a four- alarm fire recently. The structure, covering several acres, is located on State Road, near Robbins Avenue. General Fountain and Fixture Company, Chicago, Ill., manufacturer of ‘soda fountain equipment, store fixtures, etc., has leased space in building at 921 W. 19th Street, totalling about 60,000 sq. ft. floor space, for a new plant. Haco Steel Corporation, Hanover, Pa., recently formed by Harry N. Gitt and Max Meth, and associ- ates, -will operate a local plant for the manufacture of metal alloy and steel products. The company is capi- talized at $100,000. Extruded Metal Products Company, 106 South Lin- coln Avenue, Wheeling, W. Va., has begun work on - its new foundry. The building is a one-story struc- ture, which together with equipment, will cost $25,000. Joseph Millard is president. , Vulcan Stamping and Manufacturing Company, 4036 West Lake Street, Chicago, Ill., has completed two new buildings and has expanded its line of work to including welding, specializing in electric seam and spot welding of gasoline tanks. Rainbow Light, Inc., 3166 Washington Street, Bos- ton, Mass., manufacturer of electric signs and displays,
Page 23
July, 1929 will expand local plant, particularly the line of lumin- ous tube units. Miles Pennybacker is manager in charge of the New England operations. The C. F. Witters Foundry and Supply Company, 488 Virginia Street, Milwaukee, Wis., are now repre- senting E. Reed Burns and Sons., Inc., 1811-13 Carroll Avenue, Chicago, Ill., carrying a stock in Milwaukee of the ERBCO line of polishing and buffing compo- sitions. Wichita Brass and Aluminum Foundry Company, Wichita, Kans., has been absorbed by the Air Indus- tries Foundry Company, Wichita. The brass company has moved from its location at 912 North Washington Street to a new plant at 701-09 East Ninth Street, Wichita. Lionite Abrasive Company, a subsidiary of General Abrasive Company, Niagara Falls, N. Y., has acquired an 8-acre tract at Niagara Falls, Ont., and plans con- struction of a new plant to cost over $100,000 with equipment. Allen V. Parker is president of the Lionite organization. Reynolds Metals Company, Louisville, Ky., is hav- ing plans prepared for a two-story, 90x100 ft., factory for the manufacture of tin, lead and aluminum foil, on Hale Avenue. Estimated cost $60,000. They are also planning for a one-story, 140x216 ft., factory for the manufacture of aluminum powder. Sidney Brass Works Company, Sidney, Ohio, manu- facturer of brass, bronze and aluminum castings has taken over the Wapak Holloware Company, Wapa- koneta, manufacturer of gas cooking utensils. Opera- tion of that plant was begun recently. George Traut- man is president and general manager. Titan Electric Company, Butler, Ind., manufacturer of motors, generating apparatus and other electrical equipment, has purchased property at Adrian, Mich., heretofore held by Adrian Improvement Company. The plant will be removed from Butler to the new location, and additional equipment installed. American Electro Metal Corporation, ‘Lewiston, Me., has authorized an addition to its plant, work to begin soon. In the fall, the company will develop increased production and will construct additional buildings at that time, including a foundry. The entire project will cost more than $150,000. Napoleon Stamping Company, Napoleon, Ohio, manufacturer of metal stampings has sold plant and property to C. O. Miniger, president, Electric Auto Lite Company, Toledo, Ohio, and C. S. McIntyre, president, Monroe Auto Equipment Company, Mon- roe, Mich. The plant will be continued in service, and expansion carried out. Empire Brass Manufacturing Company, London, Ont., Can., has purchased the plumbing supply busi- ness of the Canada Metal Company, Toronto, and has also taken over the sales staff of that department. The remainder of the business of the Canada Metal Com- BRASS WORLD 181 pany will continue under its old,management without change of personnel or policy. Wagner Electric Corporation, St. Louis, Mo., has moved its Buffalo service station and branch sales office to a new building at 1796 Main Street. The Buffalo office handles the entire Wagner line of mo- tors, transformers, fans and Lockhead hydraulic brakes, not only as a branch sales office, but also as a repair shop and service station. The Photogenic Company, Youngstown, Ohio, man- ufacturers of photographic arc lamps, plan expansion, including the addition of a new small parts brass foundry. The company has purchased a $25,000 plant at 21 Olive Street, Youngstown, and will erect the foundry next to it. Brass will be cast for the com- pany’s needs and also for other concerns. Century Electric Company, 1806 Pine Street, St. Louis, Mo., has acquired plant and business of Roth Brothers and Company, 1400 W. Adams Street, Chi- cago, manufacturer of dynamos, power motors and other electrical equipment, and will consolidate. It is proposed to continue Chicago plant as a branch fac- tory, with transfer of certain products for production at St. Louis. General Bronze Company, Pittsburgh, Pa., has pur- chased Flour City Ornamental Iron Company, Minnea- polis, Minn., and will consolidate. It is proposed to continue plant at present location, and carry out an expansion program. The company has arranged for the purchase also of Dominion Bronze and Iron Com- pany, Ltd., Winnipeg, Man., and will continue opera- tions as a Canadian subsidizry. Acosta Aircraft Corporation, Trenton, N. J., oper- ating at recently established plant on Whitehead Road, formerly used by Mercer Automobile Company, will establish a department for production of metal speed motor-boats, in addition to regular airplane manufacture. Boats will average about 12 ft. long with beam measurement of 4 ft. and V-type step bottom, designed to use any type of outboard motor. George H. Stewart i is general manager. M and M Development Company, Monroe, Mich,, plans to organize for the purpose of merging into one organization several companies engaged in metal stamping and forging operations. The company will be headed by C. O. Miniger, president of the Toledo Auto Lite Company, and a director of the Monroe Auto Equipment Company, and President McIntyre, of the Monroe Auto Lite Company. They will be, respectively, president and vice-president. The com- pany plans to take over about 1,000 acres of land, which has been purchased or is under option, and locate a group of plants on industrial sites included in the purchase, while placing some of the land on the market for residential purposes. Authorized capi- tal stock will be $600,000 in no-par shares. Both Mon- roe and Toledo capital is to be interested in the venture. New Companies Harris Winnick, jewelry, M. Winkler, 140 Broad- way, New York; $10,000. Lincoln Jewelry Manufacturing Leer 18 Rae ® 9 Hausman, 17 John Street, New York; $20,000 Gulf Brass Works, Inc., Tampa, Fla., machine shops, construction business, 60 shares no par value; C. F. Thompson, A. G, Turner, John Bell, board of directors. Easton Chromium Plating Company, Inc., 685 Northampton Street, Easton, Pa., has been organized to do chromium, cadmium, copper, nickel, silver and brass plating and polishing. The company is equipped to do this work on production basis. The Raphael Jewelry Manufacturing Company, Ine; New Haven, Conn. Paid in $2,000 in cash and $1, 800. in property. President and treasurer, Dan H. Raphael; —
Page 24
182 vice-president and assistant treasurer, Fannie A. Raphael; secretary, Bernard Raphael. F,. H. Hopkins and Company, Ltd., Montreal, Cana- da, has been incorporated to carry on the business as iron founder, steelmaker and brass founder, with a capital stock of 2,500 shares of no par value, by R. C. Holden, P. P. Hutchinson, E. H. Cliff and others, all of Montreal. New York Art Iron Works Corporation, 653 First Avenue, New York, has been incorporated, succeeding to business of Oscar Luetke. New company will con- tinue the manufacture of ornamental hand-wrought iron and bronze. J. Sesek is president and John Leo- pold, vice-president. The Service Jewelry Manufacturing Company, In- dianapolis, Ind., capital stock, 1,000 shares no par value ; objects, buying and selling precious, semi- precious and imitation stones, engraving and design- ing; incorporators, Clarence F. Roembke, Leo A. Wachstell, Frank B. Grubb. . Anderson Brass Foundry and Machinery Company, Inc., Bridgeport, Conn.; incorporators, Thomas W. Anderson, Samuel N. Silverstone and Attorney David Goldstein. The company is capitalized for $50,000 divided into 500 shares of common stock at $100 par value. A total of $2,000 has been paid in. J. E. Horton, 146 North Eleventh Street, Reading, BRASS WORLD July, 1929 | Pa., and associates have organized the Empire Steel Castings Company, and plan operation of a foundry at Frush Valley, Berks County,-to manufacture iron, steel and metallic alloy castings. W. E. Belcher, 313 S. Broad Street, Philadelphia, is interested in the new company. Production Foundry Company, 2700 Magnolia Street, Oakland, Calif., has been established for the manufacture of aluminum castings. Property has been purchased which has a total area of 14,500 sq. ft. The foundry department occupies 4,730 sq. ft.. The value of buildings and equipment is approximately $17,000. Leon Cameto is the owner and general manager. Walbert Manufacturing Company, Chicago, Ill., has been organized with capital of $1,500,000 to manufac- ture radio equipment and parts. The company will take over the firm of the same name, with local plant at 1000 Fullerton Avenue, specializing in radio equip- ment, and Story and Clark Piano Company, Chicago, and Grand Haven, Mich. The new company will con- centrate production largely at last noted place; Chi- cago works of former Walbert company will be moved to Grand Haven, occupying a unit of Story and Clark company, with installation of additional equipment for output of 1000 complete radio sets daily. Con- solidation will also include Club Aluminum Utensil Company, Chicago and New York. Trade Publications The Chips Tell a Story. E. F. Houghton and Com- pany, Philadelphia, Pa. Leaflet on cutting oils. _ Looseleaf Catalog of Plating and Polishing Equip- ment and Supplies. Lasalco, Inc., Lasalle Street, St. Louis, Mo. Uehling Barometer and Vacuum Recorder for Steam Turbines. Uehling Instrument Company, Paterson, N. J. What It Takes to Make Laclede-Christy Fire Brick. Laclede-Christy, 1711 Ambassador Building, St. Louis, Mo. Illustrated leaflet. Welded Chain. American Chain Company, Bridge- port, Conn. Leaflet on use and abuse of this type of chain; also contains tables on safe working loads, etc. Allen Air Appliance Company, 452 Lexington Ave- nue, New York City. Bulletin A-50, covering com- pressors, exhausters, vacuum cleaning equipment, etc. Round Form Recorders. C. J. Tagliabue Manufac- turing Company, Brooklyn, N. Y. Broadside on pre- cision indicating, recording and controlling instru- ments. C-E Water Level Indicator. Combustion Engineer- ing Corporation, 200 Madison Avenue, New York City. Illustrated folder on a new product of this company. Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Com- pany, East Pittsburgh, Pa., publications: Type NAB Nofuz Panelboards; Power at the Touch of a Button (line-starters). Certified Selling. A. C. Nielsen Company, Chicago, Ill. .No. 7 of the company’s monthly magazine. One dollar a year to all except subscribers to the com- _pany’s surveys. Standard Arch Industrial and Boiler Furnace Con- struction. Standard Arch Company, Frostburg, Mary- land. Booklet on a new construction method. The company is affiliated with the Big Savage Fire Brick Company. Rolled Zinc. The New Jersey Zinc Company, 160 Front Street, New York City. Complete technical and descriptive data on all rolled forms of this metal, in illustrated booklet punched to fit standard size notebooks. A Study of Dirt. Cowles Detergent Company, Cleveland, Ohio. Contained in Cowles Comments, company publication, this series of three articles com- prises a discussion of the scientific side of metal clean- ing. Free on request to the company. Thermo-Elements. Charles Engelhard, Inc., 30 Church Street, New York. Platinum and platinum- rhodium elements, rare metal and base metal types, are discussed, with regard to the reclamation of ele- ments in the replacement of thermo-couples. General Electric Company, Schenectady, N. Y., publications: Motor Drive for Metal Working Ma- chinery (32 pages, illustrated); G-E Arc Welding School (8 pages, illustrated) ; Industrial Heating De- vices; Type WD-300A Arc Welder; Type WD-200A Arc Welder; Induction Motor-Generator Sets. Metal Finishing Information. The Egyptian Lac- quer Manufacturing Company, New York City. Four new cards for inclusion with the binder issued by this company some time ago. The new cards give the following finishes: Jet Black Electro Deposit; Brown on Copper; Imitation Fire Gilt Finish; English Bronze. The cards are available gratis upon request to the company at 90 West Street, New York City, or its various branches.
Page 25
July, 1929 BRASS WORLD : i Metal Prices, July 22, 1929 NEW METALS Copper: Lake,*18.125. Electrolytic, 18.00. Casting, 17.375. Nickel: Ingot, 35. Shot, 36. Elec. 35. Pellets, 40. sean Zinc: Prime Western, 6.80. hie? oo 6.90, Quicksilver: flask, 75 Ibs., $122. Bismuth, $1.70. Tin: Straits, 47.375. Pig, 99%, 46.8 - Cadmium, 95. Cobalt, 97%, $2.60. Silver, OZ., Troy, 52.625. Lead: 6.55. Aluminum, 24.30, Peek le 8.75. Gold:.oz., Troy, $20. 67. Platinum, oz., Troy, $64.00. INGOT METALS AND ALLOYS OLD METALS | * [oes UIE SAMIR. TNR as Se eal 1234tol4 Buying Prices. . Selling Prices Peas INGOs. HREM ot BoP ee Cooma oe oe ec cas . 1534tol634 + 16%tol634 Heavy Cut Copper ....... eee cece eee 17%4tol7H% ESSN oR (eT NER 7 MARRS pk vm OR cs PORE Oat 17%4tol8 oy cag PRIROG 0.8 6 FEN 5 meine PE eat Casting Alumi ODD oh ESE Hs ie RR RNG 21 to24 Vato ight Copper .......+++eeee sere eeeeees 4to ehh age aan i P 13 tol3% Heavy Machine Composition PH Peery 14 tol4% Manganese Bronze Castings .....502... 00 sess eee ees 27 to39 D Ce ee SAOMWN, EROS. cian sc cte lthanlnnncedl .. 10 told% Semeatene DCONEE THROES ee eis vie 15 to20 M B Fore: 35 pe 1 Gears. Lae) Brass 6S... heed ths a vu es 8 to 8% pe gotta gabe Decrease tan lth aR Naat aie chek fs to 934tol0% No. 1 Yellow Brass Turnings.......... 1034tol1% waeninene® Cope? JOG |. ee POI WN BEE 30 to40 12%4tol2%4 No. 1 Composition Turnings .......... 13%4tol3% MOE EGURL CORIO ais cbc aks os se wee deeu dbs Oh date ee 28 © Syamoee eteeey Lead $250.0 c.cb ed bk e ecw 5SRto 63%. miguel: Methl’ Blocks 4. ...:... <6... dws ash Qa 28 ee eee 2iee Scrap. 6.5.0; . ics ck seeb) fe foes 4Y%4to 5% Parsons Manganese Bronze Ingots..............+0: 16%4tol934 8 tol0 Scrap Aluminum Turnings ............ 124%tol4% oe TEA epee eee Fe ee 19 to22 13 tol3% Scrap Aluminum, cast alloyed ......... 17%4tol8% Phosphor Copper, guaranteed 15% .........-.0eeeee 22% to25 19 to20 Scrap Aluminum sheet (new) ......... 22 to22% Phosphor Copper, guaranteed 10% .........:...46. 20% to24 TORE. EN POW ec clus aveeecceeeebaa 35 to38 Phosphor Tin, no guarantee ............. ccc econ 55 to7/0 20 to21 ae Witkel Anddes so eS 22 to23 Silicon Copper, 10%...... according to quantity...... 28 to35 UR SU: SM PACICET cia deci swiss ccs ueaet 22 to25 Wrought Metals and Alloys COPPER SHEET | BRASS MATERIAL—MILL SHIPMENTS Mill shipment. (hot rolled) ..........+6. 2734 to 28%4c. net base In effect April 16, 1929. Pe SEOUL ok oo ok odo hice eo’ o occ ane nals 28% to 2934c. net base To customers who buy 5,000 Ibs. or more in one order. — oe me? Net bape Ret bb" ER WIRE igh Brass Low Brass Bronze Sh dh ANE COPPER WME siicie ella. en gk bl es A $0.2314 $0.25 $0.261%4 195%c. to 197%c. net base, in carload lots. Wire FIRS Se d56s. FUE RRA 23% 25% .- 26% === (Rod ..... Pyle se da'd one giceSialgia ot 21% Wn Re COPPER SEAMLESS TUBING PARROM UN is. cs cc nak vuowar 30% seid’ : . ——— Open seam tubing ............¢. 314 NAR 3414 29%4c. to 30%4c. .net base. Angles and channels ............ 314 re 344 SOLDERING COPPERS BRASS SEAMLESS TUBING 300 Ibs. and over in one order ............. Oe ae 26%4c. net base Ric. to 201 | 100 Ibs. to 200 Ibs. in one order ........ hehe 8 AE SR SR es alae ee PPS ES ZINC SHEET : TOBIN BRONZE AND MUNTZ METAL : Duty sheet, 2c. per 1b, Cents per Ib, Tobin Bronze Rod ........... or Steet .25%4c. net base Peceuak toca peanitaed beds Wed Wages: ‘at eat _ Muntz or Yellow Metal Sheathing (14"x48”)... .24c. net base less 7 per Cent CISCOUME Peo i ccc ces ccs c ates 10.25 net base gt Whine Yellow Rectangular sheet other on ese ° ’ ee ee Oa gota a SREB Re Bide TAK! ey BARB Pre 1 i t ba ea 1 Reyer og SEE RE Fae RET oe Sara Ft PPP Peet dees, oe c. nS se Casks, eg Ri Na EE a 11 eo e ak 8 Muntz or Yellow Metal Rod ...........00..0.% .224%4c. net base Open casks, JQDDETS PRICE ..... +e -se eee r yee LATO BEL ase Above are for 100.Jbs. or more in one order. ALUMINUM SHEET AND COIL NICKEL .SILVER (NICKELENE) Aluminum sheet, 18 ga., base, ton lots, per lb. ........... ‘ a | Nis Blan Diisan . Aluminum coils, 24 ga., base, price ........ee cece eect eee Grade “A” Sheet Metal Wire and Réd reel iat eee Ee ye eed eee Caer. tt. OM OMEN i a oes 31%e. 10% Quality....... arts 34%c. ROLLED NICKEL SHEET AND ROD 15% Quality............ 33c. 15% Quality......2..... 37 5c. Net Base Prices TSee Cheaters... es 34Y%4c. 18%. Quality......... ove 4le. Cold Drawn Rods........ 53c. Cold Rolled Sheet........ 60c. ies LEeAk Gite sar Dae ee Hot Rolled Rods......... 45c. Full Finished Sheet..... ees _____ MONEL METAL SHEET AND ROD Pat TS, ol ey ee eal akin aliriur eat. «a 2406 Rolled Rods (base). 35° Full Finished: Sheets(hasey: ae: BLOCK TIN SHEET Cold Drawn Rods (base) 40 Cold Rolled Sheets (base):. 50 or thicker, 100 Ibs. or more 10%c. over Pig Tin; 50 to 100 lbs., , BRITANNIA METAL SHEET 15c.’ over; 25 to 50 lbs., 17c. over; less than 25 Ibs., 25c. over. No. 1 Britannia—18” wide or less, No. 26 B. & S. Gauge’ or HEET | thicker, 500 Ibs. or over, 8c. over N. Y. tin. price;. 100 lbs. to SILVER 5S 500 lIbs., 10c. over; 50 ta 100 Ibs., 15c. over; 25 to 50 Ibs., 20c. Rolled sterling silver 54.625 to 56.625c per ounce, Troy. over; less than 25 Ibs., 25c. over. Prices f. 0. b. mill. 4
Page 26
July, 1929 — 184 BRASS WORLD Supply Pri July 22, 1929 upply Prices, July 22, ANODES ST a ctl, oo i's 's argue dined okie anise ds poe: ZOC.,. PRET. BERG OOPOETO. LMS eis o's cb Geddes caueates 45c. per Ib. DD, UG aii ak «06:5 459 sn OP» hen de sp 27c. per Ib. a, TERRE UE TERE RT VIS Tirta eaaee Solty | 47c. per Ib. Rolled, sheets, trimmed ................ 2734c. per Ib. SONG. 22 etre fi S684 Sree 49c. per lb. — a Ba ar nan a TEPPER 27c. perlb. Silver: Rolled silver anodes .999 fine are quoted from 55% to Tic, ae sd “oh PR Gg GG ThOk ce ous cave 12%c. per Ib. 571%4, Troy ounce, depending upon quantity. : FELT POLISHING WHEELS WHITE SPANISH Under - 100 to Diameter Thickness 100 Ibs. 200 Ibs. 10-12-14 & 16” too" $3.00/Ib. $2.75/Ib. 6-8 & over 16 1 to 3 3.10 2.85 6 to 24 Under % 4.25 4.00 6 to 24 Y% to 1 4.00 3.75 6 to 24 Over 3 3.40 3.15 4 up to 6 % to 3 4.85 4.85 4 up to 6 Over 3 5.25 5.25 Under 4 4 to 3 5.45 5.45 Under 4 Over 3 5.85 5.85 Grey Mexican Wheel deduct 10c per lb. from White Spanish prices COTTON BUFFS Seem —__________—_—_—______._ bt Acetone RiP Full Disc Open buffs, per 100 sections. $2.65 /Ib. . 12” 20 ply 64/68 Unbleached.................. $27 .06to$29.00 2.75 14” 20 ply 64/68 Unbleached.................. 35.59to 37.65 3.90 12” 20 ply 80/92 Unbleached...............0.. 30.70to 34.16 a 14” 20 ply 80/92 Unbleached... .:.6-.ll dco: 41.60t0 46.09 - 488 12” 20 ply 84/92 Unbleached.......... 000.000. 39.31to 42.90 5.25 14” 20 ply 84/92 Unbleached.................. 57.60 5.45 12” 20 ply 80/84 Unbleached.................. 38.35to 39.37 5.85 14” 20 ply 80/84 Unbleached................0. 52.00t0 53.12 Sewed Pieced Buffs, per Ib., bleached.............. 40c. to 73c. CHEMICALS These are manufacturers’ quautity prices and based on delivery from New York City. NA OSS AS A RI ANE eR At real be or i .14-.19 Iron Sulphate (Copperas), bbl. ...................1b. O1Y% Acid—Boric (Boracic) Crystals .............++++- lb. 08% Lead Acetate (Sugar of Lead) ................00- lb. 13% Chromic 100 and 400 lb. drums ................ lb. 19Y% Yellow: Oneida (Later) nas os hk iene casaaveas lb. 12% Hydrochloric (Muriatic) Tech., 20°, Carboys....lb. 02 Mercury. Bichloride (Corrosive Sublimate) ...... Ib. $1.58 Hydrochloric, C. P., 20 deg., carboys..........5. lb. 06 Nickel—Carbonate, dry, bbls..............0+00eeee Ib. 3S Hydrofluoric, 30% bbls. ............-ce ee eee eee Ib. 08 CFI, goin as hansceseys ce tsret areata s Ib. 20 Nitric, 36 deg., carboys.......0...0eeeeeeeeeees lb. 06 Salts, GAM, GeO Te GO ce ve ceecie ceva tt swas Ib. 13 ty Mae Cathars)... coed cbc ciseeduakes Ib. 07 Salen. dete; 4257 Th Dibaba ices gies Gage Kania lb. Ag PEE Bea cathe. 28 oc tb. 02 Paraltie tgp ose aie 6 Concer om aes lb. 05-.06 Uy koh sk cess Sep vewsne 8} eee lb. .1634-.21% Phosphorus---—Duty. free, ‘according to quantity. -Ib. ath, Alcohol—Butyl ° Potash, Caustic Electrolytic 88-92% broken, Denatured, drums .............e+seseeee eee eee gal. .45-.57 See Mar a mS Orgs Na ade tb. oo ce eo 2 5 a a lb. 03% Potassium Bichromate, casks (crystals)............ lb. 091, OOS RE PE ICN ee Ib. .039 (Casteieeee MM oN ood ss be de seeiare cute Ib. .0634-.07 Aluminum sulphate, commercial tech SAAS BE HIRO SSE Ib. 3.3 Cyanide, 165 Ib. cases, 94-96%. .............08e lb. 57% Aluminum chloride solution in carboys............ Ib. DS -Padiive, eed, Dole one ia ness civny corn nies csp Ib. 02% Ammonium—Sulphate, tech. bbls. ...........055. Ib. 3.3 Quarts; pondered a4 tii Viet eee) See OSES EE Re lb. 65 Rosin, bbls... sees eeee eee eee sence eeeeeeeee sence Ib. 04% I UU ORS Sep asec USS oe eke Tes lb. 05 Rouge, nickel, 100 Ib. lots .........-ss.seeeeee sees Ib. 25 4 ib 35 SiVer ON SOONG ten an honk pans or Se Ib. 65 Asphaltum .......6. esse eee ee eee cette cence eee ees ; : Sal Ammoniac (Ammonium Chloride) in casks... .1b. 05% Benzol, pure ...-...++-+-- Soi! Sepia Side Rath te? gal. 60 Silver Chloride, dry, 100 oz. lots...............6.. Oz. 42 Borax Crystals (Sodium Biborate), bbls........... Ib. 04% CORIO (MIMORTEE Fi js bas oes ca sv tn eg Nie vvecns Oz 52 Calcium Carbonate (Precipitated Chalk)....... Fy |S .04 Dithate, 20) OUNCE TOES. o's eines ke eos sg uakeeta'e Oz. 364 Carbon Bisulphide, Drums .............00-02.0000 Ib. 6°. Sede Met, PR Pe hs a os btien “Hes rp tarey i _ Chrome Green, bbls. ...............00008- PSeeee Ib. 25 Sodium— Cyanide, 96 to 987%, 100 Ibs. ............ us Se RU MR ee isc cc es cues tb. 30 Hyposulphite, kegs .......+.s+s0eeeeeeeceeenees Ib. 04 Copper—Acetate (Verdigris) ..............--ee- lb. 23 PRON Bees SS. ocd CSU BAG cc ca ER BLL Ib. 04% ot Re ie ai ee tb. 2ixg > Phosphateystech,, bbls, -..4-+.<..secseseeeecseae. ie. Ose yanide (100 16. kegs) 2.2.02. chee. cece, lb. 50 Silicate (Water Glass), BMG itchccnkea ain De ees hae Ib. 02 MMO RMRS Siig oP. PN Ma TAS lee lb. 6.7 Sulelid Ts iv ot aa a ee ees ee 324% | Cream of Tartar Crystals (Potassium Bitartrate) . .1b. .27 Sulphur (Brimstone), bbls. .........+++++++s0s0e5 Ib. 03 ES re AR tS Ale gr} re ee cee & Ib. Bh. Tin Chloride, 100 Ib. kegs ..........+++seeeeeeeees Ib. 35%, ee eT Lae eas Ib. 05-.08 Tripoli, Powdered Ses ARASH EEA ES $0 Se eo 8 Cee Ib. 03 I so dvs Wong aed PR ee 8 898 mea Ee Os Ib. 06 ‘Wax—Bees, white, ref. bleached ........--.-++++- Ib. ” dvds scusdgets ton $30.00 Yellow, DME 8s snctaeda's eh be ER ROS ick BAY oe Ib. 45 Fluor-spar (Calcic duoride) Shes be ahs aie Ca aitete hore tils ton $70.00 Wihikting< BORG 604 wicife . oegtin WO Sein Weide Tages Ib. .0234-.06 RR te a ey, gal. $4.45 Zink: Carlie Wile. ic bE ae ite adie Ib. Al I rs at ad ia. s din bas Sieg a OAD 3 icant oz. $12.00 Chloride, casks ......... cece seen eee e eee eeeees Ib. 06% 6S) oR ated eg Re awe Nee de Ib. 26 Cyanide (100 Ib. kegs) ......... se eee eee eeeeeees Ib. Al 59-.61 Sealab: WAN coo KRESS oak Sed ong SEE TE sco sls Ib. 03% ER ies a ethyl iniibls Gable Kbie abn Seige Ib.