Brass World: A Monthly Publication Relating to the Arts of Refining, Alloying, Casting, Rolling, Plating, Polishing and Finishing of the Non-Ferrous Metals and Their Alloys (January, 1929)
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—- ‘9 FEB 7 129 BRASS ORLD ND - PLATING- POLISHING- FINISHING 11 CLIFF STREET NEW YORK, N. ¥. Volume 25. Number 1 JANUARY, 1929 One Dollar Per Year in U. S. “The Acknowledged Standard of Quality Since 1884” PYROXYLIN LACQUERS CHICAGO CLEVELAND - DETROIT Contents, Text Page 15 THE ZAPON COMPANY STAMFORD, CONN. LOS ANGELES OAKLAND SEATTLE NEW HAVEN PORTLAND STAMFORD NEW YORK SAN FRANCISCO WILMINGTON % Buyers’ Guide Page 25
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BRASS WORLD ACID-PROOF TANKS FIG. 92 TABLE OF SIZES Depth | Weight| Code Word |List Price ia MRS be 9” | y adibee See | GAMUT $10.00 10 16 12 12 60 GARB 16.00 16 | 4022: 16 | 12 83 | GEAR 22.50 26 24 16 16 | 150 GENUS : 29.50 38 28 20 16 | 186 | GIPSY 45.00 41 24 20 20 | 197 | GLADE 46.00 Special sizes made to order. List prices. subject to discount. ACID-PROOF POTS Each pot is unconditionally guaranteed: l. to be acid, alkali and cor- rosion proof throughout the body.—with or without the glaze. — 2. to be more heat resistant than any other. 3. to give full and complete satisfaction in every respect. | A Code Word| Eira 14. | JACK $6.00 9.50 B.-16 | JEAN 21 TENA 12.00 | 23 | JEWEL | 14.00 Ps aes.” JOVE 17.00 | 28 JURY 20.00 L pe JUTE 24.00 | 26% JUNO | 31.00 3114 JOWL °! 40.00 All dimensions in inches. Covers also available. Larger sizes up to 300 gal. Out- lets also provided where necessary. List prices subject to discount. ACID PITCHERS Ak Ours are made of guaran- teed acid-proof chemical stoneware, are strong and rugged,—with long pouring lips and well fitted handles. Code Word | List Price MARK | $1.20 1.40 List prices subject to discount. Fig. No. 124 ULSST: Made of ONE-PIECE, thoroughly vitrified and well glazed acid-proof chemical stoneware; un- qualifiedly recommended for electroplating, gal- vanizing and pickling work. Unconditionally guaranteed by America’s oldest and strongest manufacturers of acid-proof chem- ical stoneware to. be acid and corrosion proof throughout the body with or without the glaze. TABLE OF SIZES | Length | Width | Depth | Weight] Code Word |List Price 44 | Oa ach a0”. 16" ..) 5 aGs GLAND $55.00 66 | 32 | 24 | 20 | 330 GLOSS 68.00 69 40 20 20 365 GRADE | 74.00 104 36 | 28 | 24 | 438 | GRANT 100.00 119 | 48 24 | 24 | 575 | -GROAT 109.00 DIPPING BASKETS Fig. 114A Code | List Peter] Size | C | B |Holes|] Word |Price Rey Code | List de Sie bifedast Word |Price | 2 at.| 534] 61%4| ‘| WAD |$3.50 zat) 7%| 5 | %”| WEB |$4.00 4 qt. 7A 7%| %”| WAG]! 4.50 4qt.| 9 | 5%! 4%”| WED | 5.00 6 qt.| 8 9 +67 | WAN | 5.50 6 qt.]10%| 6%] %”| WEE | 6.00 8 qt. 74 914%4| %”| WAP! 6.50 8qt.jJ11 | 7%! %”| WEN | 7.50 10 qt.|10%4|11 "| WAR] 7.50 : 12 qt.J11%4/11%| %”|WAW | 8.50 List prices subject to discount. List prices subject to discount. These Dipping Baskets are made of strong, sturdy, non-porous, thoroughly vitrified and well elazed acid-proof chemical stoneware,—a high quality product. No possible comparison should be attempted with cheaper and inferior varieties niade of common stoneware. Because of their longer life and superior service, our Dipping Baskets ure invariably preferred by all of the larger plating establishments. THE U. S. STONEWARE Co. 202 Fulton St. New York, N. Y. . i] i] : v | | IN c ' Vol. 25. No. 1. Brass World and Platers’ Guide. Published monthly by Brass World Publishing Company, Inc,, 11 Cliff Street, New York. Entered as second-class matter April 3, 1915, at postoffice at New York, under act of March 3, 1879.
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yy BRASS ESTABLISHED 1905 WORLD A Monthly Publication Relating to the Arts of Refining, Alloying, Casting, Rolling, Plating, Polishing and Finishing of the Non-Ferrous Metals and Their Alloys - NEW YORK, JANUARY, 1929 VOL. 25. NO. 1 _ The Chasing Tools And How To Make Them By HENRY JERABEK Art Metal Worker WRITTEN ESPECIALLY FOR BRASS WORLD the principles of chasing, the greatest and most delicate of the creative arts, requiring superior skill and talent, besides knowledge of designs and forms ‘ of all periods and styles. Not very many master chiselers, combining the talent of the sculptor with the skill of the master-craftsman, this world ever produces. Like every other trade and craft, so was the chasers-craft, broken up into half a dozen trades during the last 35 years of standardizing and mass production in industry, and a chaser in the real old sense of the word is practically an extinct animal. At present we have three main groups: designers, modelers, and chasers, all of them tending to break up into smaller groups, each called a trade by itself, but all creators of more or less art in metal. (mostly less), and among that group, that which is called chaser now, is the most abused one. The group of the chasers is divided again into two main groups, the repoussé-chasers and the casting-chasers each in turn composed of several groups of specialists, but all using the chasing-tool as their main instrument for their work. A description, and how to make these tools will be the purpose of this article. Now, first I have to draw attention to the fact that we have no generally accepted names in the English language for our different sorts and kinds of chasing-tools. Each chaser seems to give his tools any name he sees fit, but I think it would be better if we all would accept uniform names for our tools and thereby create a better understanding by having the bond of a common trade language. Those imported (mostly French), tools are labeled under all kinds of names in American cata- logues, but when you ask an Ameri- . can chaser for a “‘frisoir,” “perloir,” 4 know how to make chasing tools means to know U or “trasoir,” he gives you a look and thinks you talk Einstein. I will try to supplant these foreign names with English as far as possible. | RAW MATERIAL To make a set of chasing tools to last a lifetime and longer is a very interesting task and anybody who ever went through that painstakingly, will never forget it. He will love his trade and the tools that give him a living. In our time when files and tool steel are cheap and plentiful it is easier to make a good set, than it was formerly. Or- der tool steel from your hardware dealer, but insist on a grade easy and soft to file, which takes a good hardening and tempering. You will need square steel rods, of thickness as follows: 5/32 in., 3/16 in., %4 in., 5/16 in., 3g in., to make the most necessary and commonly used chisels. There are some extra sizes, for special work, re- quiring bigger steel, but you can add them to your set from time to time. These square steel rods come gener-— ally in lengths from 8-12 feet so I would advise ordering 24 feet 5/32 in., 32 feet 3/16 in., 20 feet 14 in., 16 feet 5/16 in., 16 feet 34 in. If you cut those rods. into pieces of 4-inch lengths you will have about 320 pieces, enough to make a good set. Get some small tin cans for contain- ers. BRANDELS Then be ready for some good hard labor for a while, till you have those pieces of tool steel turned into brandels. By a brandel a chaser understands a piece of tool steel bags ee Spine rte os a ee i Lc ct Le ee e Typical Brandel—Side and End Views iD we agiget
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2 - - BRASS WORLD formed for a chasing-tool except the business end. But inasmuch as the most of those business ends have an ob- long form, you have to figure on that, when you file your brandels. Put your piece of steel in the vise and file the sides of the ends down, so you retain the full thickness of the steel in the center, and reduce to half of the thickness on one end, on all four sides, for the hammer end. The work end, file down on two opposite sides to about half of the steel thickness; a little more or less makes no dif- ference at that time. Then reduce the other two sides somewhat. Then go over with a very smooth file and break the corners somewhat. The idea of doing all that is to stop vibration of the tool when in use, because some of them have to stand hundreds of thousands of quick and short hammer blows. Chasers who work on small fine work, requiring fine touch, will always prefer smoothness of the brandel too. Filing those brandels is a very good training in straight filing, and having some extra brandels in the tool-box comes in very handy and is a very good reference with any boss. There used to be ready made forged brandels on the market, imported from somewhere, but most were too long and too rough. When you had to file them over you saved nothing. I for my part always preferred my own. By TRACING TOOLS When you have most of your brandels filed, then start to make the working end of your tools. Chasing tools TRACING TOOLS January, 1929 ten straight tracers; one sharp set and one blunt set. Simple as those straight tracers look, I know it will cause some difficulties to make them right. The next we call half-round tracers, but they are in reality only segments of the circle. File 20 brandel ends into the same long rectangles, only instead of 1/32 in. wide, make it nearly 3/64 in. for the smallest and corre- spondingly larger for the bigger sizes. Then take the half-round side of your fine file, and make your bevel by filing off the middle of one long edge of your rectangle until you are somewhat over the center and let your bevel diminish toward the corners. Then take the flat side of your file and bevel off the other side, starting from the corners toward the center; then round off this side of your brandel end somewhat. ; Be careful not to take off on one side more than on the other because the working edge of those tools have to be square to the center line of the steel and are most im- portant. A half-round tracer should have the edge of a straight one, only somewhat bent. (See drawing below). After filing this double set, then proceed with your emery- cloth and polishing the same way as you did with the straight ones. This will give you 10 sharp straight, 10 blunt straight, 10 sharp half-round and 10 blunt half- round, which gives you the foundation to your set of tools. But don’t believe that these are all the tracing tools a chaser has to know about, because there are longer and wider sizes and narrower and smaller sizes, and special tracers having the corners lower than the center. But DRIVING TOOLS Oe es RO eee et Dopod ODO Q SHARP BLUNT SHARP BLUAT STRAIGHT HALF-ROUND SQUARE OVAL PEARL STRAIGHT STRAIGHT HALF HALF DRIVING DRIVING PRIVER DRIVER DRIVER RouUND ROUND TRACER TRACER can be classified easily into four main groups: tracing tools, driving tools, forming tools, and matting tools. To begin with the tracers: We divide them again into half rounds and straight ones and of both you have to have the sharp and the blunt variety. Take 4 of each size of your brandels, file the work end square to the center line of your steel, then reduce the working surfaces to rectangles by filing away from the sides to following sizes: two 5/32 in. brandels to 1/32 in. x 1/16 in.; two 5/32 in. to 1/32 in. x 3/32 in.; then the next size 3/16 in. to 1/32 in. x 7/64 in. and 1/32 in. x &% in.; then the next size of % in. to 1/32 in. x 5/16 in. and 1/32 in. x 7/32 in.; and so on, all 5 sizes, always two to the same rect- angular. The measurements must not be exactly to the thousandth of an inch, but should be as near, as they pos- sibly can be made, with the naked eye. Now the form of a sharp straight tracer is almost like a common cold chisel, only the angle of the edge bevel should be 45 deg. When you start to file those edge bevels, use a very fine cut file starting with the big sizes first. Be careful to get your edge exactly over the center of the brandel. When you are through filing these edges, you will, have 2 of each size. Divide them into two sets of ten, ranging from the smallest to the biggest. Then put a piece of fine emery cloth on a flat surface and rub the corners and edges of one set over the emery till they are well rounded, but carefully preserving the shape. Then replace your emery with crocus paper and polish both sets in the same way, taking care to break the corners of the sharp set first a little with emery cloth. This will give you two sets of those tools are generally made to the job on hand and I will confine myself here only to the principal ones. DRIVING TOOLS Now we come to the next main group—driving tools. I give that group that name because their purpose is to drive the metal into the pitch or lead, like in repoussé work. Those tools are made in four different forms, driving-tracers, square, oval, and round drivers. The round are mostly called pearl-drivers. Start with the driving tracers. Square two of each size of your brandels, then file them rectangular the same as for your tracers, only take about 1/16 in. for the smallest width and add about 1/64 in. for every brandel thickness, so the biggest ones will be about % in. x 5/16 in. Make 5 straight and 5 half-round ones; only you must file the edges round and break the corners round so the whole tool will be blunt and will have an almost half-round surface between the long sides of the rectangle. same way as the tracers. For square drivers, take three brandels, sizes 4 in., 5/16 in., and 3@ ‘in., file the 14 in. to 7/16 in. x 7/64 in. ; the 5/16 in. to 3/16 in. x % in.; the 3% in. to 5/16 in. x 7/16 in. rect- angles; round off with the file, then emery-cloth and polish. For oval drivers do the same, only file them oval by taking the four corners off on the outside. Emery-cloth and polish the PEARL DRIVERS Now for the pearl-drivers you have to file 10 brandels on the work-end like on your hammer-end. That means,
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January, 1929 square, instead rectangular ; two of each brandel-size, one smaller, one bigger. Then square your squares to the centerline of the steel again and file those squares into circles by rounding the brandel corners off. The flat circle you can file easily into half spheres by rounding the FORMING Esa ne RS 2 SERS CE SR SAE Db pb DD fp SQUARE POINTED SLIGHT ROUNDED ROUNDED FLAT OVAL ROUNDED = S9UARE OVAL FLAT SQUARE edges. You can make 10 neat pearl-drivers ranging from 1/16 in. to 5/16 in. in diameter in that way from your brandel-sizes. Certainly you have to emery-cloth and polish those drivers on a soft surface. Put a piece of leather or rubber under your emery-cloth or crocus paper. FORMING TOOLS For the third main group, the forming tools you should have two of each kind and size; one smooth and polished and the other dust-matted. I divide that group into three classes; the flat, the slightly rounded, and the rounded. For this group take 30 brandels first, 5 of each size; square your work-end to the center line again, then file BRASS WORLD | i iss | 3 into rectangles as follows: 6 of the 5/32 in. into 3/32 in. x 9/64 in; 6 of the 3/16 in. to 7/64 in. x 5/32 in.; 6 of the % in. to 5/32 in. x 7/32 in.; 6 of the 5/16 in. into % in. x % in.; and 6 of % in. into 5/32 in. x 5/16 in. You will have 6 sets of 5 each. Take one’set and finish it by TOOLS e | gene *e _ MD gd OE SLIDE UNDERCUT HOLLOW SQUARE LONG BEVEL BEVEL PEARL HOLLOW HOLLOW rubbing over very fine emery-cloth, laying on a flat hard surface. Don’t forget to break the corners slightly by holding your tool edgewise. Follow up with crocus paper: till you have a fine polish. You will find those flat tools are not easy to file and polish, because that flat surface has to be flat and square to the center line of the brandel on every point and edge and cannot hang down on one side or the other. Next take another set of five, file the edges away on the outside of your brandel till your rectangle turns into a two pointed oval. (See illustration). Then proceed to polishing and corner breaking as you did with the others. This article will be continued in an early issue.—Ed. Motor Boat Show The National Motor Boat Show, held at Grand Central Place, January 18 to 26, inclusive, was, as usual, a large and attractive exhibit. The motor boat industry is not large—as industries go in the United States—but, from the standpoint of metal producers and manufacturers, it is important because motor boats are in many ways wholly dependent upon metals. Without brass, manganese bronze, bearing bronzes and aluminum these boats would be hard put to it to operate successfully. In addition, the growing desire of the public for attrac- tiveness has resulted in a wide variety of fine finishes. Rust-proofing is, of course, an important item, due to the fact that these boats have to stand the attack of sea water. Practically every manufacturer who exhibited boats and accessories at the show is a user of metals: A few of those to whom metals are pre-eminently important, are listed below, with brief mention of their exhibits: American Brass Company, Waterbury, Conn. Brass and bronze fabricated products of all kinds; Tobin bronze shafting. | Columbian Bronze Corporation, Freeport, L. I. Heavy bronze castings, such as propellers; manganese bronze. Hyde Windlass Company, Bath, Maine. Manganese bronze propellers. International Nickel Company, New York. Monel metal shafts, trim and other parts. 3 Michigan Wheel Company, Grand Rapids, Mich. Re- versible propellers made of bronze. Motor Meter Company, Inc., Long Island City, N. Y. Motor Meters for marine engines. Pyrene Manufacturing Company, Newark, N. J. Fire extinguishers ; metal finishing processes. 7 Chromium Plating Solution Q.—I would like to start a small chromium plating bath, say about 25 or 50 gallons, and would appreciate any information you can give me as to formula, operation, etc. I would prefer to use a cold solution with my present equipment. I have a 6 volt, 150 ampere dynamo. I have read the Bureau of Standards’ publication on chromium. A.—Formula for chromium solution: Chromic acid Sulphuric acid Water Use this solution at 105° F., applying 100 amperes per sq. ft. Use lead anodes. | There is no solution that we know of that will give a bright deposit if used cold. Temperature is one of the important factors in chromium plating. With your present electrical equipment a surface of 1 or 1% sq. ft. would be the limit that could be plated at one time. Temperature, current density and control of the sulphate content are the three most important factors to be con- sidered in chromium plating. —OLIVER J. SIZELOVE. r
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th BRASS WORLD January, 1929 Silver Solder Used for Big Copper Brazing Job What is believed to be the largest copper tank ever constructed in the United States was recently produced at the plant of the Ansonia Copper and Iron Works, Cin- cinnati, Ohio, for the United States Industrial Alcohol Company, Peoria, Ill. The tank was made for use with an immense industrial alcohol still, and was brazed with silver solder manufactured by Handy and Harmon, New York City. This use of silver solder has solved the prob- lem of joining the seams of tanks with a material that can withstand the attacks of butyl acetate and other cor- rosive agents. The cylinder illustrated, complete with coils, weighs 14 tons. In its production, nine sheets of %4 inch rolled Anaconda copper each measuring 133 by 195% inches, weighing 18,300 pounds, and two %4 inch copper circles of 133 inch diameter, weighing 2,700 pounds, were used. Not a rivet was used in constructing the huge tank, every seam being brazed with the corrosion-resisting silver solder, it is stated. This was applied by the use of oxy-acetylene torches. After completion, the tank was hydrostatically tested under 5 pounds of pressure, while the coils were given 200 pounds of pressure, no leaks developing in either the tank or the coils. Sample sections of the seams on the tank body were sent to Johns Hopkins University, Maryland, for examination. Pulling tests showed that these seams withstood the equivalent of 29,000 pounds per square inch of pull before any sign of weakening of the sheets was shown, and then there was failure in the body of the metal back of the seam but none in the seam. This indicated that the silver-soldered joints were stronger than the metal they held together. Immense Copper Still Brazed with Silver Solder Throu show It is declared, however, that the silver solder was used * primarily to withstand corrosion, and its strength was an important. but secondary consideration. Formerly, according to those connected with the experiment, Tobin bronze had been employed by the Ansonia company in the manufacture of alcohol stills, but this material was found not fully successful because of its susceptibility to corrosion by the acids used in the distillation process. Develop Alloys in Induction Furnace In developing new alloys for use in telephonic. and telegraphic cables, the research laboratories of the Western Union Telegraph Company, where permalloy and mumetal were brought out, made use of the Ajax-Northrup high frequency induction furnaces, according to the Ajax Elec- trothermic Corporation, Trenton, N. J., makers of this type of metal melting and alloying equipment. These alloys, says the Ajax company, have shown remarkable abilities of transmitting messages at much greater speeds than was possible with anything used for cables pre- viously. Both metals were not only discovered, but have been commercially manufactured in Ajax furnaces, it is stated. The carbon content of the alloys must be kept very low, a few hundredths of one percent being the maximum. With the Ajax furnaces it has been possible to keep the carbon content down to amounts measured in thousandths of a percent. alloy, permalloy, was announced. According to the furnace makers, the Western Union made efforts for four or five years to find a nickel-iron rats of extremely high permeability at low magnetizing orce. They were using a carbon resistor electric furnace. It was possible to make only one or two melts per day and the carbon content could not easily be kept down. When a small Ajax high frequency furnace was first installed, a schedule was started calling for a melt every forty minutes. It is possible to make a melt in as short a time as five minutes with more modern Ajax equipment, it is claimed. Hundreds of melts with different percentages of nickel and iron were made, and within a few months the new The composition is approximately 781%4% nickel and 214%% iron. Small quantities of other metals are added to make mumetal.
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January, 1929 BRASS WORLD : : 5 y Cup Drawn Condenser Tubes The Scovill Manufacturing Company, Waterbury, Conn., producers of a wide variety of metal products, has issued an interesting story connected with the market- ing of their Cup Drawn Admiralty Condenser Tubes, used in marine engineering. This tubing, the company states, The Tugboat “Slating- ton,” in Which Cup Drawn _ Condenser Tubes Were Tried Out has been found highly satisfactory. by a number of users, one in particular being the Lehigh Valley Railroad Com- pany, which operates numerous tugboats. The company states that in 1921, when the quality of Cup Drawn Ad- miralty Tube was known only by word of mouth, the chief engineer of the Lehigh Valley’s marine department, E. F. Grimes, advised the Scovill Company that his de- partment had an apparently insuperable difficulty in that tubes installed in the condensers of their tugs, operating in New York Harbor, showed failures as early as six months after installation. Tubes which lasted nine months were considered good, and the occasional installation which survived for twelve months was considered ex- cellent. The theories back of the Scovill tube were expounded to Capt. C. M. Moore, superintendent of floating equip- ment; E. F. Grimes, chief engineer of floating equipment ; and to New York office of the railroad. G. H. Emery, assistant engineer, and these men made a trial of this material in spite of the fact that the price was consider- ably higher than the price of any admiralty tube made by other processes. It required courage to purchase, or recommend, an untried material at 20 per cent above the market for what are represented as being standard articles, but the courage and foresight of these men was liberally rewarded, the Scovill company states. Instead of failure in six months, or nine months, or a year, these tubes were still in the tug “Slatington” on October 1, 1928. On that date visual inspection and pressure test indicated the probability of at least another year’s service from this set of tubes. On the basis of the customer’s best previous experience, this is a 700 per cent increase in life; and on the basis of An Ash Tray Made of a Single Piece of Cup Drawn Tubing to Show Its Remarkable Work- ability their average previous experience an increase of 1,200 per cent, it is pointed out. In the interim, the Lehigh Valley Company has replaced the tubes in all of the other tugs of its harbor fleet as they completed their life cycle, with Scovill Cup Drawn Tubes. Spray Guns to Curb Plague The DeVilbiss Company, Toledo, Ohio, manufacturer of paint spraying equipment, reports that a novel use of spraying equipment was recently made by the health authorities of the city of Rio de Janeiro, South America, who order 30 DeVilbiss spraying equipments for fighting a plague of yellow fever there. The company states that the spraying systems supplied were found to be the most efficient means of applying a special chemical mixture to the walls and other parts of contaminated houses and buildings. Speed and penetrating qualities are required in order to make the germicide effective, it is stated, and the spraying equipment has been found satisfactory there- fore. It is expected that there will be considerable use of spray systems in other tropical countries in the future as an aid in health work. Courses in Metallurgy at Michigan The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich., has issued a catalog of graduate courses offered in its De- partment of Chemical Engineering. These include a number of courses in metallurgical subjects, for which the University offers certain special facilities. Copies of this bulletin, Vol. 30, No..17, may be obtained by addressing the Chemical Engineering Department at the University. Nickel Coloring Compound A new coloring compound, designed particularly for producing a white finish on nickel plate which is to be chromium plated has been developed by the George A. Stutz Manufacturing Company, 1641 Carrol! Avenue, Chicago, IIl., makers of electrochemical and metal finish- ‘ing equipment,, buffing compounds and other. supplies. The substance, known as Special Chrome White com- pound, was tested and, according to the makers, was suc- cessful when chromium plate was applied to the nickel directly after it had been polished with the new com- pound, without intermediate cleansing. ‘The chromium was fully adherent, they state, and no defect was caused by omitting the cleaning operation previous to placing in the chromium bath. However, despite this, the Stutz company states that it does not sell Special Chrome White compound with the intention of having the plater use it on nickel so that this cleaning operation will be eliminated. They state that cleanliness being of such importance in quality plating, it is advisable to perform the cleaning operation after the compound has been applied. However, after buffing with this compound, ‘they state, the articles are very easily made perfectly clean and safe for chromium plating. |
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6 ~ BRASS WORLD January, 1929 Metallic Coatings as Protectives Ulick R. Evans, the Well Known British Investigator of Corrosion Phenomena, Presents an Interesting Paper to Electro- platers’ and Depositors’ Technical Society in London, England BY OUR LONDON CORRESPONDENT | WRITTEN ESPECIALLY FOR BRASS WORLD T the December meeting of the Electroplaters’ and Depositors’ Technical Society, U. R. Evans gave a very informative address on “The Corrosion of Metals with Special Reference to Protective Metallic Coat- ings” before a large gathering of members. His remarks were followered with deep interest, Mr. Evans’ reputation as an experimentalist in the field of corrosion and allied phenomena being well known and the subject of corrosion resistance of metallic coatings of particular importance to electroplaters and metal finishers generally. MR. EVANS REMARKS In the course of his remarks, Mr. Evans said :— When iron or steel is heated in air to redness, the sur- face layers become oxidized; in other words the metal “plates itself’ with oxide, which under conditions of fluctuating temperature often tends to crack or peel off. At lower temperatures, the oxide-film is thinner and more adherent; over the range 200-350° C., the oxide-film produced is often comparable in thickness to the wave- length of light and produces the beautiful “‘temper-colors”’ due to interference between the light-waves reflected from the outer and inner surfaces. At still lower temperatures, the oxide-film is too thin to produce temper-colors, and is invisible as long as it is in contact with the bright reflecting metallic surface ; but if the oxide skin is removed by dissolving away the metal from below, it becomes visible and can be studied under the microscope; it is seen to be a transparent skin reproducing all the scratches of the original metal as undulations or dark lines. In general, this skin formed simply by exposure to air- is useless for preventing corrosion, The thick films pro- duced at high temperatures tend to crack, and rather intense corrosion occurs at the sites of the cracks. The thinner films obtained at low temperature are somewhat better ; pure electrolytic iron which has been exposed to air after grinding can be left in copper nitrate solution for long periods without suffering any change, although freshly ‘abraded electrolytic iron is quickly attacked by copper nitrate, metallic copper being precipitated ; but the film produced by exposure to air does not protect the iron from rusting by salt water, for instance. On steel, the air-produced film is still less satisfactory than on pure iron; it will not resist even the action of copper nitrate. We can make the steel passive to copper nitrate, however, by treating it with a solution of potassium chromate—an oxidizing agent which produces a better film than mere exposure to air. But even steel treated in potassium chromate does not withstand the action of salt water, . probably because minute cracks keep appearing in the ~ film through which the chlorine ions can pass; if we want the steel to resist salt water we must add chromate to the water itself in such quantities that the chromate will repair the film as fast as the cracks appear. For this purpose the chromate should be present in amounts greatly in excess of the chloride; if insufficient chromate is present corrosion occurs at a few places, and although the total amount of corrosion may be slight, the very fact that it is concentrated on a limited area causes the rate of pitting there to be extremely serious. You may be thinking that oxide-plating is not a thing to be relied on, and that it has no interest for the prac- tical man. I agree with your first thought, but not with the second. Oxide-plating is quite unreliable for many purposes, and yet it must be considered if the mechanism of corrosion is to be understood, because although oxide- plating may not prevent corrosion, yet it does divert it, and this diversion is a matter of great import to the practical man. After explaining the nature of corrosion caused by differential aeration, Mr. Evans said: It has been pointed out that oxide-plating is too unreliable to prove a cure for corrosion. Let us pass now to the methods of pr- tecting iron by means of a covering of another metal. For rough purposes we may divide metals into two groups, according as they are cathodic or anodic to iron. Cathodic Metals include comparatively noble mate- rials like gold, platinum, silver or copper, which are them- selves fairly resistant to attack. If we could be sure of having a perfectly continuous coating free from pores or discontinuities, these resistant metals would (apart from consideration of expense) be the best for our purpose, because the coating itself would resist corrosion, and would mechanically exclude the liquid from the iron below. Unfortunately, we cannot be sure that cracks or pinholes will not occur in coatings, and even if the coatings are originally perfect, bending or abrasion of the coat may expose the iron below at certain points; if this occurs, an electro-chemical couple will be formed, and the iron, being the anode, will suffer attack; under certain condi- tions, it will be attacked locally more violently than if no coverings were present. When, for instance, gold-plated steel nibs were put on the market, it was found that the soft gold was. soon rubbed away at the tips, and the steel was then eaten away by the ink quicker than if no gold were present. There is, however, one metal—normally cathodic to iron—which is largely used for protecting it. This is nickel. Nickel is much harder than copper or gold, and does not normally allow the iron below to become exposed by abrasion. Moreover, if a pore does exist in the coating, the E. M. F. of the cell Nickel/Iron is much lower than that of the cell Copper/Iron or Gold/Iron; therefore the corrosion set up at a hole in a nickel coat is less serious than that met with at a hole in a copper or gold coat. Of course, it is highly important to avoid porosity in nickel-coatings, if this metal is to maintain a good reputa- tion as a protection for iron; but porosity is less fatal than with some other metals. The fact that contact with copper promotes the corrosion off steel more than does contact with nickel or lead is shown by some quantitative experiments which I carried out about a year ago. A comparison of the experiments with double-breadth and single-breadth copper strips indicates that an increase in the area Of the copper intensifies the corrosion of the steel. This is also made clear by some other experiments
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January, 1929 BRASS carried out with horizontal specimens, which I described last year to the Royal Society of Arts. It will be noticed that when both the main piece and the small central piece were of steel, corrosion was slow When the small central piece was made of copper, corro- sion of the steel was doubled; when, however, the main piece was of copper, and the small central piece was steel, the intensity of attack on the steel (i.e., the corrosion per unit area) was again increased to nearly twelve times the previous value. The cause is clear. The rate of corrosion is to some extent determined by the rate of supply of oxygen to the cathodic area (i.e., the copper) ; increase of area of the copper must increase the rate at which it can pick up oxygen, and since the effect is concentrated on the steel, it is clear that an increase of the copper area and decrease of the steel area will intensify the attack on the latter. If now we picture a piece of steel plated all over with copper, but with one small hole in the copper plating exposing the steel, we can easily understand the rapid pitting which may occur at this discontinuity. Referring to anodic metals, Mr. Evans said that in the case of zinc experiments have shown that if the water is hard, fresh -water from the chalk, the attack on. the zinc is very slow; since this type of water has quite a perceptible rusting action on iron, it is highly beneficial to coat the iron with zinc; whether hot-galvanizing, electro-deposition, sherardizing or spraying by the Schoop process is employed, the zinc-coated iron is likely to resist these waters for a long time. But if the article is to be immersed in salt water, the effect is quite different ; such waters attack zinc actually more quickly than they attack iron, and the protection will be only temporary; as soon as the zinc is eaten away, attack on the iron will com- mence. The relative unsuitability of zinc coats for such waters is shown in Table C, which represents the corrosion of strips of steel, zinc and zinc-coated steel of breadth 2.5 cms., partly immersed in N/2 sodium chloride at 25° C. for 205 hours. The length of the immersed portion was 4.0 cms. in all cases. It should be pointed out that this*corrosion of zinc-coated steel by salt water applies to immersed: corrosion, or corrosion by definite drops or patches of liquid; mere damping with salt-spray alternated with drying in air, builds up a comparatively protective film of corrosion-product on zinc-coated metal. TABLE C. CORROSION IN GRAMS AFTER 205 HOURS. EE eeee BRA CS aeNe 0.0798} 0.0788 : 0.0793 + SEDER RE EN an er tee oe ee 0.1125 0.1100(9-1112 Steel covered with sprayed zinc coating .. 0.1328 (Corrosion is confined to zine coat.) .. Zine prevents the rusting of iron by “sacrificial pro- tection,” the zinc being ‘‘sacrificed” to save the iron. In hard water the sacrifice called for is quite moderate, but in salt water the amount of zinc sacrificed exceeds the iron saved. Clearly, for such waters, some metal which will be attacked less quickly, but which will still be mildly anodic to iron, would be preferable. Such a metal is aluminium, which—owing to the fact that it plates itself with oxide-film of a desirable character—is less quickly attacked than zinc, and yet is sufficiently anodic to iron to prevent rusting at places where cracks exist in the covering. Aluminium-coated iron also resists the action of hard fresh water if the coating is unbroken; but if a crack exists in the coat, rusting of the exposed iron will occur, because the aluminium is not attacked sufficiently quickly to produce the necessary “sacrifice” to protect the iron. We thus explain the rather curious result that a specimen WORLD ; | ; 7 of aluminium-coated iron, which remains quite unrusted by the corrosive salt water, nevertheless suffers rusting if placed in the less corrosive hard water. . REVERSED POTENTIAL Many people seem to imagine that either a metal is definitely cathodic to iron, or else definitely anodic. I believe that I am, to some extent, indirectly responsible for this misconception. A few years ago I published, in my book on the “Corrosion of Metals,” a table of the Electrode Potentials of different metals, which I had compiled from the work of earlier investigators. I was careful to add that the values “vary considerably with the surface condition of the metal,” and that “the presence of a slight film of oxide or other insoluble material upon the metallic surface has a most striking effect upon the value of the equilibrium potential.’ Unfortunately, this table has been reproduced, with due acknowledgment to myself, in several papers on corrosion written by other people, but without the important warning’ which I have quoted. The impression given has been that all the metals placed above iron are cathodic towards it, and all those below iron are anodic towards it—quite irrespective of the ques- tion of oxide-films, or of the effect of ionic concentration. Actually, this is far from being the case. The polarity of metals depends enormously on the _ conditions. Chromium, if film-free, would be anodic towards film-free iron, assuming that the ions of both metals were present in equivalent concentrations; Mr. Wernick has pointed out, however, that chromium is often found to be cathodic to iron, owing to the fact that the oxide-film on chromium has a more ennobling character than that on iron. Those who love to sing the praises of anodic coverings seem to regard this oxide-film on chromium-plating as a misfor- tune; but, actually, the chromium itself would rapidly be corroded away—under many conditions—if the oxide-skin were not present; it is only because the oxide exists that chromium can be used at all. It should be mentioned that quite a large number of metals may be anodic to iron under some conditions and cathodic under others; tin, lead and aluminium come under this category. The corrosion-couples set up at pin-holes in the tin-covering is a matter which concerns all who manufacture (or who eat) tinned food; in some liquids the iron is the anode, and suffers corrosion, which may perforate the can; in other liquids, the tin is anode and tin compounds pass into the food; the direction of the current may change with the time, and may be affected by the presence of oxygen. Much work is proceeding in this country, and in America, on this subject, but there is no time to discuss it this evening. CONCLUSION It is evident that the correct choice of a metal to func- tion as a protective coating must depend on the corrosive conditions to be faced, and that many complicated factors have to be taken into consideration. The principles in- volved are now well understood, but there are many pit- falls in applying them. Clearly, every practical plater ought to be familiar with the mechanism of corrosion, and a sound knowledge of the matter will amply repay those who give up. the time to acquire it, especially as the subject is one of great scientific interest, quite apart from its technical importance. I am very glad to have an opportunity of bringing a few of the fundamental ideas to the notice of the Society this evening, but I must end by saying that it is quite impossible, in the course of an hour, to do more than-mention the principles involved, and that it requires an extended study to gain that familiarity of the subject, which appears to be desirable in your profession.
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8 BRASS DISCUSSION Opening the Discussion, Dr. W. S. Patterson (chairman) said it appeared Mr. Evans did not consider it possible to devise a single “all-round” test for corrosion. There were many factors operating to bring about corro- sion and consequently it was necessary to apply several tests to cover each of the factors. Broadly speaking, in the case of electrodeposited coatings, there were two distinct types of attack. The first was due to internal causes such as stresses in the deposit, inefficient cleaning, etc.; the second was due to external causes, set up by the corrosive media in which the deposits were exposed. Mr. Evans had dealt with the second type. ._D. J.. Macnaughton, referring to the invisible films on iron surfaces, asked whether. such a film was also left on a steel surface after anodic. cleaning, since this might affect the adhesion of the deposit. The films separated by Mr. Evans also seemed to be in a state of stress—was there any explanation? With regard to the effect of the surface film on the distribution and intensity of corrosion, he had found in the case of some steel pipes conveying warm and previously softened water that complete perforation occurred at certain points. This was not due to local imperfections in the metal but prob- ably to local ruptures of a surface film leading to pro- nounced local electro-chemical attack. The solution used was distinctly alkaline with a pH between 7 and 8. The lecturer had referred to the rapid rusting of gold-plated steel nibs.. The composite zinc-nickel deposit behaved in a similar way, the zinc exposed at pores in the nickel quickly corroding and leaving the steel exposed, the net result being that the zinc might not have been there at all. L. P. Sidney, commenting upon the protection af- forded by an oxide film, said this depended upon its integrity as a coating which depended in turn upon the corroding medium and the condition of the base metal. The latter factor was sometimes neglected, but since steel was a heterogeneous material, it generally contained oxide particles which might affect the course of the corrosion. Even electrolytic iron often contained appreciable quanti- ties of oxygen unless melted in vacuo. WORLD January, 1929 Dr. R. S. Hutton (Vice-President) was in favor of making use of oxide coating as far as possible. It had proved its value in the case of chromium stainless steels, and aluminium with or without anodic treatment. It was important to note that the breaks in the film shown by Mr. Evans were caused by inclusions, scratches, pores and residual stresses; thus, the base metal was faulty and not the film. The remedy was to use better material as a base metal. It was pertinent in this connection to draw attention to the remarkable films of deposited metal re- cently produced in Germany—so thin. and transparent yet perfect that it was possible to read type through. six layers of these films. Aluminium and cadmium readily. formed films. He asked Mr. Evans whether-it would be possible to cover a base metal which did not readily form‘a film with a deposit of good film-forming’ metal ‘and thus ensure its protection from corrosion. S. Wernick (Hon. Sec.) said that the formation of oxides and corrosion products generally upon electro- deposits was probably at the root of many apparent dif- ferences in results obtained by different investigators. In particular, such properties of the corrosion product as the thickness, porosity and hygroscopic properties were of the greatest importance in determining the protective ac- tion of the coating or otherwise. For example, though copper plating was reckoned to be entirely non-protective on ferrous material and in fact looked upon as an ac- celerator of corrosion, yet it often happened that it gave a surprising degree of protection to the base metal before it failed, probably due to the corrosion product formed over the surface. Similarly, nickel plating developed a bloom on exposure, which appeared to be protective. In the case of chromium, it was a fortunate thing that it de- veloped passivity, since although it acted as a poor protec- tion for iron and steel, it retained its appearance and the “stainless” property of chromium was undoubtedly its most useful quality. To obtain efficient protection as well, underlays of copper or nickel or both could always be applied when necessary. Mr. Evans then briefly replied to the discussion, after which he was accorded a very hearty vote of thanks for his valuable paper. Magnetic Holder for Chromium Work Due to the fact that the electroplating of chromium by means of mechanical barrels is impractical by reason of - Magnetic Work-Holders for Plating Tanks chromium’s throwing power being much less than that of nickel and certain other plating solutions, says the Climax Machinery Company, 121 East Morris Street, India- napolis, Ind., any new development which tends to speed up chromium plating operations is welcomed immediately. This company has placed on the market a magnetic holder which, it is claimed, makes possible more rapid plating of small parts such as screws, nuts, bolts, rivets, hooks, handles and other iron or steel articles. The Climax Magnetic Holder, it is stated, consists of a series of magnets attached to negative work rods directly opposite each other. The work to be plated is placed on these magnets, which hold the pieces in place without wires or other stringing. Loading of one rod of magnets with work is usually carried on while the other is submerged in the solution for plating. Thus, the makers state, consider- able time is saved. The magnets, with the work attached are taken out of the solution by turning the rod around so that the magnets swing upward, as shown in the ac- companying illustration. Another turn puts the magnets
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January, 1929 BRASS and new work back in the solution. The makers claim that its simplicity of construction, ease of operation, and its improved means of providing electrical contact make the Climax Magnetic Holder highly efficient as a labor and time saving device, as well as providing more cer- tain means of producing good chromium plated parts. The units are manufactured in standard sizes for regular plating tanks, or to specification for particular WORLD | 9 uses in dual, quadratic or hexbdonds! series. Units are also made for automatic conveyors. Each magnetic holder is equipped with a special charging device which has been designed to re-magnetize the magnets without removing them from the work rod. It is stated by the makers that a six-foot rod of magnets can be recharged in five minutes and that such recharging is necessary about once in six months. Exhibition Machine for Jewelers oe eae Most jewelry stores doing repair work of one kind or another are being offered for this part of their business a new machine that is just finding its way into the market. Our illustration shows a polishing dust collector table, so made that the electric polishing and grinding motor usually found in stores doing repair work may be placed on top between the two suction hoods. This brings the polishing and grinding work under the dust collector hoods, where the powerful suction of air quickly sucks away all dust created. These suction hoods are electrically lighted, so that the customer standing in front of the machine may observe the progress of the work. The machine may be placed in the show window for the attrac- tion of the public or it may be placed anywhere in the store for the entertainment or instruction of customers. There is a swinging glass panel over the machine which may be lettered with some such legend as, “Have Your Jewelry Repaired Now” or “Jewelry Cleaned While You Wait,” etc. hh! Even where jewelry repair work is not ordinarily done, this machine will be found an attractor of business by using it for jewelry. cleaning, the makers state. The ma- chine has a motor underneath the table, which operates a suction fan which in turn maintains the strong current of air at the suction hoods for collecting the dust. As everyone knows, every article polished of gold or platinum will lose a mite in precious metal in the polishing process, and this alone will represent quite a sizable income if collected steadily. There are several drawers in the table for such articles as brushes, buffs, rouge, cleaning solutions, small change, etc. The machine operates directly on any electric light socket and is shipped all set up and ready to run. The makers are the long established and well-known firm of equipment manufacturers, Leiman Brothers, 23 Walker Street, New York City who will send full in- formation about this machine on request. New Type Polishing and Grinding Machine | Lighting Equipment Association to Hold Annual Meeting The officers and directors of the Artistic Lighting Equipment Association have extended an invitation to all in the lighting equipment trade to attend their Eighth Annual Meeting and the meeting of the Illuminating Glassware Guild to be held at the Cavalier Hotel, Vir- ginia Beach, Norfolk, Va., February 5 to 8, inclusive, 1929. Registration will begin Tuesday, Febriary 5, at 3 p.m. The following items on the program are of interest to the non-ferrous trades: Wednesday, February 6 10. a. m., meeting of stamping and parts manu- - facturers. — 1:15 p. m., general session of the association. Thursday, February 7 9:45 a. m., second general session, with addresses on various technical subjects. 1:30 p. m., second session continued; addresses on | costs, distribution, etc. Election of officers. 7:30 p. m., banquet. : Friday, February 8 1p. m., meeting of floor lamp rtiathufachinerar 2:30 p . m,, meeting of lantern manufacturers...
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® | - BRASS Zine Chloride in Galvanizing To the Editor of Brass Wor.Lp: We have noted the query on “The Use of Zinc Chloride in Galvanizing” which, together with an answer, is published on page 375 of your December, 1928, issue. It appears to the writer that both the reader who made the inquiry and Mr. Sizelove are under a misapprehension as to the proper use of zinc chloride and that it would, doubtless, be to the advantage of both to have this point cleared up. Articles to be galvanized must first be pickled to com- pletely remove all scale and rust. This can be accom- plished either in hot 10 per cent sulphuric acid or in cold 5 per cent muriatic acid. Zinc chloride has no place in this stage of the process. The second stage de- manded by good galvanizing practice is the removal of the iron salts formed in the pickling bath by means of thorough washing. If these salts are not removed they will be carried into the galvanizing bath and react with the zinc to form dross, which will result in loss of zinc. The third step necessary is the coating of the articles with a solution of flux which will facilitate rapid and perfect coating of the object by the molten zinc. A 3 per cent muriatic acid solution is frequently used for this purpose but is less effective than a 25 per cent (28 degree Bé) solution of zinc chloride. The zinc chloride solution re- sults in rapid wetting of the iron by the zinc, reduces the number of uncoated spots and has no tendency to form iron salts which will later form dross. The muriatic acid flux does form such salts. - The zine chloride solution, if neutral, tends to be WORLD January, 1929 slightly cloudy. Just enough muriatic acid should be added to clear the solution. The solution may be used hot to assist in partial drying of the articles before they enter the galvanizing bath. The zinc chloride solution has the further advantage that articles removed from it may be allowed to stand for as much as twenty-four hours before galvanizing, without the necessity of repickling or refluxing, since the zinc chloride prevents any rust formation. To summarize, the use of zinc chloride as a flux dip will, if preceded by proper washing, reduce dross losses and will reduce the length of time in the zinc bath neces- sary to secure perfect coatings and will reduce the num- ber of rejects due to black spots. W. M. PEIRCE, Chief of Metal Research Division. Palmerton, Pa., December 24, 1928, To the Editor of Brass Wortp: In reply to letter from W. M. Peirce, I would like to state that criticisms of a friendly nature are always wel- come and if satisfactory to Mr. Peirce, I would: like to see his letter published in Brass Wortp. The finishing of metals, whether for decorative effects or protection of the base metal, covers a very large field and many different methods are employed. to obtain satis- factory results. The same results may be accomplished in different ways and to receive the methods or opinions of others is of great value to all. Constructive criticism is educational. Let us have more of it. OLIVER J. SIZELOVE. Cast Grids for Tank Rheostats A new development in grids for rheostats used in the control of current used in electroplating has been put on the market by the Columbia Electric Manufacturing Com- pany, 1292 East 53rd Street, Cleveland, Ohio. The com- pany makes the following statements in regard to this development : The control of current through a plating solution is - dependent in general upon the voltage on the tank and the current in the solution. Since generator voltage is fixed, View from top. Grids are placed on angle frame usually at six volts, nine volts or twelve volts and as the amount of current in any given solution depends upon the amount of anode and cathode surface exposed, it is important to have absolute control of the current and voltage in the solution, which control is effected by means of a tank rheostat. Throughout industry the cast-grid resistor is used to control the current of slip-ring type motors, direct current crane motors and direct current adjustable speed motors. The efficiency of this type resistor has been proven and it is almost the only type resistor sturdy enough to withstand constant abuse. The cast-grid resistor reduces heating to a minimum, eliminates all high resistance joints, breakage, and loose connections at point of con- tact, the company claims. Columbia cast-grid rheostats are of the parallel resis- tance type. These rheostats afford regulation of voltage and of current according to the generator voltage and character of plating. They are ruggedly built to withstand plating fumes and acids. The operating panel is of heavy asbestos board. The knife switches are all of substantial size to withstand much more than the amount of current allotted to them. The entire unit is built to withstand an overload. The panel is mounted on an angle frame work. In the rear of the panel are the cast-grid resistors which are mounted securely and bolted together in sections. All grids are classified in sections and are controlled by the switches on the front of the board. The contact surfaces carrying the current are grid bosses which are ground parallel and smooth. Each switch controls one section of resistance which may be introduced into the circuit as required. The rheostats are manufactured with switches suitable to give steps of about two and one-half per cent of full ampere capacity. If closer regulation is required, rheostats can be built to give one per cent full ampere capacity regulation. For flash plating a short-circuiting switch may be provided. This switch would short-circuit the entire resistor and apply the full generator voltage to the work. |
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January, 1929 BRASS WORLD 11 Developments in Electroplating By DR. JAMES SILBERSTEIN WRITTEN ESPECIALLY FOR BRASS WORLD 8 T has been realized only within recent years, that ] electrodeposited coatings must be at least 1/1000 inch in thickness to give adequate protection against cor- rosion and wear. Tests conducted have shown that a deposit 1/1000 inch thick is 100 times more protective than a deposit 1/10,000 inch thick—that is only one-tenth as thick. Another important factor from both a corrosion and a wearing point of view is the adherence of the deposit to the metal base. what can be obtained with perfectly deposited elctrolytical coatings : A steel plug one inch in diameter, with a thread at one end was nickel-plated to a thickness of .078 inch at the plain end. A fine pitch screw was cut in the nickel deposit, and an attempt was made to remove the deposit by sub- jecting it to pull on the end face of the nickel. It was found that a pressure of 35,000 lbs. was required to remove the deposit which came away as a ring, but, never- theless, on the inner surface of the ring a film of steel remained. | The wear resisting qualities are shown by the following test, conducted on nickel chromium steel stub axles for motor busses. One pair of stub axles was taken from stock, reduced on the stub-arm diameter which carried the road wheel, to the extent of 1/16 inch; then built up by nickel deposition and reground to the original standard size, leaving a coating of nickel of uniform depth, approximately 1/32 inch all around. This pair was fitted to one bus, whilst a second pair drawn from stock, but on which no spécial treatment had been carried out, was fitted to a second vehicle. The two busses were kept in operation under identical conditions so far as routes, mileage, etc., were concerned. On the completion of 4000 miles the buses were taken in, the stub axles re- moved and the amount of wear measured. Micrometer measurements showed that the nickel-plated stub axles had been reduced .003 inch in diameter and the steel ones OO8 inch. Polish for Chromium Plate The Krigner Tripoli Company, 425 South Campbell Avenue, Detroit, Mich., has recently increased its plant capacity considerably and is now in a better position than ever to supply its various grades of polishing compositions for metal finishers, platers, etc. The company states that it has developed and is marketing a number of special compositions for certain uses. These, it is stated, are made by a new improved process, and include the follow- ing substances: No. 375 Tripoli, for use in cutting down before chromium plating ; No. 575, for coloring brass and copper before nickel plating; coloring nickel before chromium plating. The Krigner company maintains an engineering staff which is at the disposal of firms who have polishing problems to work out. Surveys of the complete needs of polishing departments are made and methods of opera- tion recommended. The following tests clearly illustrate © No. 775 Lime Finish for They were replaced in service and the _ tests carried further, measurements being taken at the close of each 4000 miles of running. At each such inspection it was found, that the steel axles had been reduced by two times the amount of the nickel-plated ones: Such results can only be obtained when thorough in- spection and supervision is carried out at each step of the process. Cleaning with alkaline, acid and organic solu- tions! is followed by electrolytic cleaning. This step is very important, since it removes gases and impurities absorbed by the metal. Even at the most perfectly pickled metal surface are gases occluded and absorbed and the removal of these is necessary if a highly adherent deposit shall be obtained. Another important factor is the control and correction of the plating solution. A nickel-plating solution becomes after a certain time contaminated with suspended matter and colloids. The solution must, therefore, be treated with some suitable absorbent, for instance diatomaceous earth, and filtered. Additions to keep correct acidity and correct nickel content of the bath must naturally be made regularly. Maintenance of correct acidity is of considerable im- portance. A too acid solution will result in formation of pits and a loose grain structure of the nickel coating. The solution should, therefore, be kept as near the neutral point as is possible. Even in that case hydrogen will be formed and occluded at the cathode. The removal of hydrogen can be brought about by adding oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide or by superimposing an alternating current on the direct current or by using both these methods. Modern and up-to-date methods have thus enabled the plating industry to furnish electrolytic coatings, which adhere to the base metal under bending and heat, so that sheets can be rolled, drawn, stamped and annealed without the deposit separating or blistering. Such coatings are naturally of great value for the metal fabricating industry. Treadle and Lights for Buffs The Hisey-Wolf Machine Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, manufacturers of portable and other electric machine too!s for machine shops, polishers, grinding, buffing, etc., have developed two new devices for use in connection with buffing or grinding machines. These improvements are a new type of foot treadle switch which is said to be absolutely “forget-proof” and automatic grinder or buffer lights, which burn only while the machine is in operation, turning on and off with the motor control switch. Both of these devices are. said to have the advantages of saving current and also the time of the operator when work requires a great deal of starting and stopping of machinery. The lights, in addition, have the advantage of plainly showing when a machine is on or off, ball bear- ing grinders and buffers having a tendency to rotate for some time after current has been turned off. These lights, shown in the illustration, where the treadle is also pic- \
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12 BRASS tured, have flexible’ metal holders, which permit easy adjustment at any desired angle. The company states that any Hisey grinder or buffer with push button or foot-treadle switch can be supplied with the new type of lights. The new type of treadle is described as extending the New Type Lights and Treadle entire width of the machine’s column, allowing simultaneous operation by two workmen without interference with each other. The switch retains all the safety and automatic features of push but- ton control, it is stated, besides affording many: ‘| added conveniences. The company has prepared literature regarding these new developments which can be supplied on request of parties interested in them. — —— ——___— Allied Industrial in New Plant The accompanying illustration shows the new quarters of the Allied Industrial Products Company, Chicago, IIL, manufacturers of buff wheels, polishing compounds, abra- sive materials and allied products. The new plant, accord- ing to the company’s statement, permits a substantial increase in output, as more space and im- proved machinery is now available. The company’s chief output is bleached and un- bleached sewed piece buffs, canvas, bull- neck, sheepskin and walrus wheels, used for polishing metals. The company states that by the use of a cement which was especially developed for the purpose, it has succeeded in eliminat- ing splitting of polish- ing wheels, which makes for increased life of the equipment. It is also ‘claimed that uniformity is insured by the purchase of sheeting direct from cotton mills. Other products of this company include platers’ lump pumice stone, metal cleaners of all kinds, oil removers, ‘metal rouges, steel wool, tripoli compound, ete. © New Allied Industrial Plant WORLD January, 1929 Improved Vertical Motion Plater The Lustre Company, Inc., 3307 North Broadway, St. Louis, Mo., announces that it is now marketing an improved type of vertical motion plating apparatus which has found considerable favor in the industry. The com- Vertical Motion Plater with Side Cut Away to Show Anode and Work Arrangement pany has made this machine for years and the latest type is in most respects the same as the older type of appara- tus, the changes having been found desirable in develop- ing the machine’s principles to their highest possible point. The company describes the apparatus to be, in effect, a vertical motion agitator attachment, which can be applied to any size of still tank. Users therefore do not need to purchase new tanks to use the equipment, but merely to supply dimensions of their tanks. The apparatus is furnished with a % horsepower electric motor, with driving gears, link arms and rocker arms, anode and cathode rods and all electrical connections. Without inter- ruption of work in plant, according to The Lustre Com- pany, the equipment can be installed on a tank by the plater in about an hour. No change of solution is required after the installation of the apparatus, and work can be continued in the regular routine manner of the plant. When in operation, the motion of the rocker arms is slow enough to permit platers to put in and remove work without stopping the machine. It is claimed that the machine plates three to four times as fast as a still tank, and it can be used for copper, nickel, silver, cadmium or chromium plating. : Among other advantages claimed for this machine are the following: ~ - Elimination of all uneven densities and pressures attending some kinds of mechanical plating; no break- age of wire ‘used to suspend work; no rubbing of one piece against another.
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Ae See ee Cn Ve ei Pee ene, ed TS “Fy ‘eA! Y January, 1929 BRASS WORLD Chromium Plating F undamentals A Discussion of Chromium Plating in All Its Aspects, Theoretical and Practical—Part 6* By P. E. EDELMAN Electrical Engineer WRITTEN ESPECIALLY FOR BRASS WORLD 13 i> et hes CA I A gm ete” Re an! De i ke eee eee eee Bi ee PET TORT TET Mh ee ee Re cet Os a ene ley ‘ ’ ra CHROMIUM DEPOSITS | | HE kind of chromium deposit obtained is a matter ; | of much concern when production must be uniform. - Rejects as high as 14 per cent have been experi- enced in the past at certain of the automotive finishing works where large chromic acid baths are used daily. The faults to be guarded against are cumulative voids, cracks, fissures, peeling, and uneven deposits. The causes and remedies for the several troubles are still largely an empirical study. In ‘some instances the faults do not become apparent until the article has been put into daily service, but in others may be checked by routine inspec- tion. Cumulative voids in deposited chromium surfaces become lines of weakness which can grow into cracks. Such potential cracks may escape ordinary inspection and be visible only on an etched specimen exposed to magnified observation. A soft metal base under a chromium deposit with such inherent weakness may prevent spreading of the lines of cracking. That is why soft nickel plate is preferable for a base coating when the chromium surface must withstand exposure to weather. Chromium deposits which normally tend to be porous may be improved by careful polishing operations. Opera- tors of hot baths in particular have found considerable trouble with voids in the chromium deposit. PEELING Distinguished from the foregoing description of com- mon faults, peeling is often due to faulty base coating of nickel. This is shown by blistering peelings in which *Patts 1 to 5 appeared, respectively, in our issues of August to December, 1928, inclusive. 120 100 hate * ia , amps per $q. dem. 7 %% 40 / 50 70 100 tile ) Hie the chromium is adherent to the nickel hake but: the nickel itself has failed and peeled off from the work. Although there is no extensive information on this point, it appears that European operators who work their baths at much lower temperatures than is the usual practice in the United States, may have less_ difficulty: in this ne THIN DEPOSITS . Thin deposits, as largely used, afford little more than a finishing color coating, but serve well when the under- coating is good. Curiously, they may afford better pro- tection than thicker deposits on work exposed to severe mechanical strains, as the thin deposit can alter its contour without developing cracks if the base layer to which it is attached is sufficiently homogeneous. THICK DEPOSITS Thick deposits amount to the same thing as a chromium deposit on chromium under-base and much care is re- quired to obtain uniformity, avoiding cumulative porous portions. The tiny pockets noticed in thick layers ex- amined often show bridges over voids. .,Where the distance between voids is sufficient subsequent strains are resisted and cracks do not grow, but where adjacent voids accumu- late in a section of the deposit, a strain; can spread a failure through a group of adjacent voids in the metal. Such strains and resulting cracks may be of sufficient force to pull up the undercoating from the base metal work. COLORING There has been much discussion of chromium colorings. The natural bright finish has its bluish tint. So-called “white” colors may be approximated by various buffing 200 300 500 These charts show the re- lationships between cathode current density, sulphate concentration of the bath, yield and nature of deposit at the temperatures 25°C., 45°C., and 60°C. (77°F. 113°F,, and 140°F.) respect- ively. The baths contain 235 grams per liter of chromic acid. The bright plate range was determined for copper cathodes with deposits 0.0007 mm. (0.00003 in.) thick. Best plating con- ro Ww 150 . * in 235 grams per liter Cr03 od oo 04 hy So Fa Be S o - cn) =~ > wn Ooo grams per liter S th ty HE 20 30 50 70 100 200 300 500 1000 =. 2000 9000 Current Density, amps. per sq ff. Master Chart for Operation at 45° C. ditions are found at 13 per -cent cathode current effi- ciency. Crvl At ratios smaller than SOz 25 or 20 the bath becomes commercially very unsatis- factory; a ratio near 50 is recommended.
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14 BRASS WORLD operations before and after plating. Blue coloring will predominate on most plated work which is not subse- quently buffed. When plating is followed by buffing, some operators consider that this helps. to push down leaved layers extending outwardly in microscopic pro- jections and to thereby improve service resistance. The result is considered analogous to the smoothing accom- plished when a cutting edge is put on a razor blade. MATTE FINISH Dull finish results when good deposits are made outside of the bright plating range. They may be used on wear- ing surfaces. In Europe such coatings are subsequently buffed to a polish ranging from smoothed matte up to a high surface, according to the desired requirements. Sometimes when a bright surface is sought and a dull coating results due to some faulty operation, a bright coat can nevertheless be had over the first dull coat. This is accomplished by a continuous adjustment of the current density used on the work without removing same from the bath, so that the final coating is accomplished in the bright plating range. BURNT GREYS There are several faulty colorings due to operation at incorrect conditions. Burnt coloring, especially at sharp corners on the work, show the use of unequal current densities. Sometimes a bath will be operated at too low a current density so that work withdrawn will have an adherent brownish chromate film. When rubbed off, the chromium deposit under the film usually tends to be dull though under certain conditions it may also show bright. In general, chromate or hydroxide films are not desired and show faulty operation. ALLOY DEPOSITS There is some question on the subject of alloy deposits. \\here metal other than chromium is deposited, an alloy could theoretically be obtained but the conditions neces- cary for chromium deposition do not appear to favor simultaneous deposits of other metals. Baths using cobalt, nickel, or other metal salt additions have been tried, with little if any advantage. It is doubtful if any true useful alloy deposit has been commercially obtained. The first layer of the chromium deposit may alloy to a certain extent with the base metal, particularly in the case of steel as a base metal. Usually chromium alloys are processed by. methods other than electrodeposition. January, 1929 FLASH DEPOSITS Flash or strike deposits are usually obtained in baths ranging 250 to 350 grams per liter of chromic acid, operated hot, with large current density applied in the bright plating range of operation for only a few minutes CONTROL OF COLOR Control of color depends on various factors, the most commercially important being adequate preparation and buffing of the work. Some operators turn out articles with bluish coloring almost minimized. CONTROL OF THICKNESS In commercial plating conditions, thickness is approxi- mately according to the ampere hours employed in a given plating range. There are but few commercial uses, of extra thick chromium deposits at present, and the difficulty of voids in the deposited metal increases with extensions of plated thickness. Such work is usually plated with a current efficiency close to 13 per cent. PLATING RANGE The operating range in which good bright plate may be had, varies with the base metal coated. It is, for example, more restricted in the case of nickel than for brass. The appearance of the work is a guide to the range. No deposit results when there is too low a current density used. Gassing at the work cathode should be accompanied by deposits. But such deposit may not be of the desired character. If milky in appearance, the requirement of more current is indicated. However, after obtaining bright plating conditions, the further increase of current density, with other conditions unchanged, reaches a limit for a given base metal, after which only gray dull deposits results. Burnt deposits always show the use of too high a current density on the particular work concerned. Excessive gassing with poor plating may be caused by too much dilution of the bath. Brown stains on the plated work may be due to a bath deficient in sulphate content. PLATING CHART The accompanying chart shows the relations of current density and bath conditions at a commercial operating temperature, and is abstracted from Engineering Research Bulletin No. 10 by R. Schneidewind, University of Michi- gan. The bright plate range limits are shown for the particular conditions indicated, when copper base metal is plated upon. The limit boundaries will shift for other conditions or different base metal coated. This series will be continued in an early issue.—Ed. Rouge for Chromium Plate E, Reed Burns and Sons, Inc., Brooklyn, New York, announce the production of a new rouge, for use on chrome plate. This material is sold under the trade name of “Colorchrome,”’ and is made in two colors, green and white. The oxide is carefully checked to prevent work from being scratched, and the grease bond is stated to be completely saponifiable. Some of the grades are hand rolled. The No. 10 Green is recommended for producing a very fine polish on flat chromium plated surfaces, and is used by many jewelry houses, the makers claim. The No. 22 White is faster working, and is recom- mended for work which has a burnt or frosted surface. There are also other grades, but these two are the popular ones, Chromium Polishing Compositions Two new grades of polishing composition, designed especially for use on chromium plate, have been placed on the market by the Nulite Polish Company, Inc., 240- 242 Plymouth Street, Brooklyn, N. Y., manufacturers of cutting and polishing compounds for platers, metal finish- ers, etc. The new product is known as White Chromium Composition, and is made in the following two grades: Grade A for finishing chromium, which ‘s said to bring out a high color and lustre; Grade B for taking a heavier cut while polishing, especially where clouding or frosting has occurred during the chromium plating process. Tests of these composition have proven highly successful, ac- cording to the makers.
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January, 1929 BRASS NY \ \ \Y EN Dy MP rN \ AU \ Wy \\ \’ \ B\\ \ A\ \ \ Published Monthly by THE BRASS WORLD PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. 11 Cliff Street, New York Telephone, Beekman 2306 SUBSCRIPTION RATES Domestic, one year, $1.00. Canadian, one year, $1.50. Foreign, one year, $2.00. Single copies, current issue, 10 cents each. ADVERTISING RATES ON APPLICATION Issued about the 25th of each month Forms close on the 15th CONTENTS ‘Pe Chasing ‘Tools -: 0505. AR OB OS: 1 By Henry Jerabek PE PRONE NE eo eee ee ak, Chromium Plating Solution ............... 3 By Oliver J, Sizelove Silver Solder Used for Big Brazing Job.... 4 Develop Alloys in Induction Furnace ....... | Cup Drawn Condenser Tubes ............. 5 Spray. \euns fo Curb Plague .. ..-....:.0a0c0? « 5 Courses in Metallurgy at Michigan ........ 5 Nickel Coloring Compound ...... Pat gi tie i 5 Metallic Coatings as Protective ........... 6 By Our London Correspondent Magnetic Holders for Chromium Work .... 8 Exhibition Machine for Jewelers .......... 9 Lighting Equipment Association to Hold Annual Meeting: (.). 2/2308, 201.00 “eG 9 Zine Chloride in Galvanizing ............. 10 Cast Grids for Tank Rheostats ............ 10 Developments in Electro-Plating .......... 11 By Dr. James Silberstein Polish for Chromium Plate ............... 11 Treadle and Lights for Buffs ............. 11 Improved .Vertical Motion Platers ......... "42 Allied Industrial in New Plant ......... 12 Chromium Plating Fundamentals—Part 6.. 13 By P. E, Edelman Chromium Polishing Composition ......... 14 Rouge for Chromium Plate ............... 14 PONIaE feasts s i300 Poco as tees boas otis 15 Questions and Answers ............eee0e+ 16 Associations and Societies ...../........5. 18 Petsouals:.§ FORD) GRE a es 2a 20 CUE SOS 41s 5 4 ohing oy 10% OY 5 Es eaNeOLiZ® 21 RSINGSS CORES, :. ste k= Gps shee. dos 22 New: Compares: yeni. 2afyuik Si. 30. f 25 Srade POMS tase oe eee ee 26 BA QUAL PERCOR os i. ig tin bist nak Witietesis dats 27 Supply - Pricee: 9-308 ahead. octhd uibivs ois 28 - BRASS WORLD is regularly indexed in the Industrial Arts Indea WORLD | an The Metal and Plating Industries for 1928 Last year began in doubt. Hopes there were, but tempered with fears. It was a presidential year and 1927 had been only passable. The results, however, were far beyond even hopes. After a comparatively quiet half year, business rose suddenly and rounded out the twelve months with one of the best records since the war. Metal prices fluctuated considerably. Copper grew steadily stronger, rising from 14c to 17c per lb. Zinc was firm around 6.40; tin weak, dropping from, 57 to under 50; lead, fairly steady at 6.35; aluminum station- ary at 24.30; nickel gtationary at 39; silver steady around 57c per ounce, and platinum reactionary, from $80 to $70. Developments in metals were not extraordinary. A new core binder with rubber as a base was developed by the Bureau of Standards. The use of zinc increased in the die casting industry, due partly to the expansion of that industry, and also to the increased acceptance of the new alloy, zinc 92.9; aluminum 4; copper 3; magnesium 0.1. In the lead industry, the Harris and Thompson process for reclaiming scrap was extended considerably. Reports have been received from abroad, of steel sheets coated with aluminum, made by rolling and sweating a coat of aluminum on the sheet. Regular lines of aluminum products continued to gain as the industries - grew, which consume them. Aerial transportation was the outstanding example. | Electroplating had one of its best years. Chromium continued to grow in public favor and _ affected the whole metal coating industry. Fine finishes are in high favor and are receiving more and more attention from manufacturers, executives and the consuming public. Rust-proofing and corrosion prevention are the important openings for further development. Special points of interest were the successful plating of nickel on aluminum, the plating of chromium in the automatic plating machine and the beginning of work on the electroplating of aluminum on other metals out of organic solutions. , The outstanding economic feature of the year was the erowing tendency toward mergers among metal manu- facturing companies. This was undoubtedly due to the need for eliminating unnecessary competition and the pos- sibilities for cutting costs under unified manufacturing control. The metal industry as a whole continued to swing over to the use of standards and the idea of standardiz- ing parts and materials continued to grow. The Ameri- can Society for Testing Materials organized a special committee for the promotion of general use of specifica- tions for copper alloys in ingot form. This committee will co-operate with the Non-Ferrous Metal Institute and other technical and trade associations in establishing cus- toms among producers and consumers of ingot metals. The prospects for 1929 seem to be excellent at least so as far as can be judged at this time. Long distance prophecies are unsafe but the outlook for the first six months is of the highest order. The large consumers of metals, such as automobiles, buildings and _ electrical manufactures seem to be in the most optimistic mood. Railroads continue to be an unknown quantity so far as their purchases are concerned, but large programs of electrification are afoot and should become consumers of tremendous quantities of metals. The coal and textile industries, also consumers of considerable quantities of metals, are in poor condition but it is hoped that the com- ing year will show some improvement. Agriculture will be given national attention and if it should improve markedly, it would mean greatly increased prosperity for many ‘other lines. We have high hopes for 1929.
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16 3 BRASS WORLD January, 1929 - Questions and Answers All inquiries are considered in the order received and the answers published in the next regular issue whenever possible Black Nickel—Removing Chromium O.—We would like information as to a black nickel solution for oxidizing. The formula we now use for our black nickel solution does not seem to stand up and give best results for any length of time. Have you a solution for removing chromium ? A.—Black nickel solutions, if given a little attention and care, can be operated without i ifficulty. They cannot, however, be entirely neglected as is customary with plat- ing solutions in general. Black nickel solutions must be studied out and then the correct conditions of operation adhered to. For a hard, bright deposit on colored articles use: ROM SCTE PN BS OTs 1 gallon Double nickel salts .......... 8 ounces Sine euiphate! Siidiey oats yin 1 ounce Rochelle ‘salts > oviieniv Ooo 11%4 ounces Sodium sulpho cyanate ....... 2 ounces For soft black nickel that is easy to relieve are: Wrater SPT ea Pes. 1 gallon Double nickel salts .......... 8 ounces Lime Stiipmate®; 252. AIOE 1 ounce Copper sulphate ............ Ye ounce In the first solution use only nickel anodes; in the second, use nickel and brass anodes in the ratio of 5 nickel to 1 brass. In both cases plate with a voltage of % to 1. Don’t allow either solution to become acid. When this happens, stir in some nickel carbonate and beat it. Chromium plate is very readily dissolved in warm muriatic or hydrochloric acid. If you have no means of easily warming, use the acid cold. | —JoserH Haas. Cleaning Castings for Plating ~OQ—We have trouble cleaning and plating red brass casting and would appreciate some advice on the matter. It seems that the lead in the castings causes a slight oxidation which is not visible until dipped in a weak muriatic acid solution. | The casting goes through the regular cleaning bath and is then dipped in a cyanide solution to remove stains. It is next dipped in the muriatic acid solution in order to neutralize the cleaning solution and the cyanide. This oxidation or scum can be seen on the casting after it is taken from the muriatic dip and rinsed in cold water. This does not seem to affect the nickel plating until a chromium coat is added, in which case it blisters. A.—We believe that your trouble in plating castings is not at all due to lead, but rather. to an unclean muriatic acid dip. Are you sure this dip is used only as a final dip for work to be nickel plated and that it is not used by everyone that has occasion to use an acid dip? The pickle should constantly be skimmed clean of the little grease- film that accumulates on the surface. Your work should be free of water breaks before placing into the nickel. If after this you are still experiencing trouble, your nickel is too hard and you should try the following solution, which will give you a soft nickel deposit: | Double nickel salts.............:.. 3 ounces Single ‘nickel’ salts... oo. ban Dus 4 ounces Nickel chloride ..... Pro th eee 14 ounce Bovis Anes. UES A Be aia. 2 ounces WAGER ES. OR TAM. Peek Cte a 1 gallon Use at a temperature of 100 deg. Fahrenheit and with not more than 1/4 volts pressure. Another point to bear in mind when handling cast- ings in cleaning to electroplate is to allow the castings to become thoroughly cool before immersing them in acid pickles. By this we mean that they should be given sufficient immersion in cold, clean water to cool them thor= oughly on the inside before immersing in the acid. We have known of a great many difficulties due to failure to follow such procedure. Another fact to remember in cleaning metals for electroplating (and it does not con- cern only castings but all metals), is that if the potash cleaner is too old, having accumulated much tripoli and rouge, it is in the solution in a suspended or emulsion form not always readily visible. Then, when the articles are dipped into an acid solution, the suspended silicates are precipitated on the work. This j is also worth looking into in your case. —JosEPH Haas. Cleaner for Carbon Steel Q.—I would like information as to the best cleaner for carbon steel. I have tried one of the cleaners that has been good for other metals, but this has not given the results I want on carbon steel, and in plating there has been some peeling. I have about 3 000 pieces of the steel to plate. A.—We assume that what is causing your trouble in cleaning the steel is the presence of a thin coating of black oxide upon the surface of the steel. That is the only thing that would necessitate any other cleaning method than you have formerly used. Using your present cleaner, equip the tank with a 200 ampere double throw double pole switch and connect it to your electric generator mains in such a way that you can make the articles to be cleaned either the anode or cathode by throwing the switch from one side to the other. Then, first soak your articles in the cleaner so that they will be the anodes; remove; pickle in concentrated hydrochloric acid; rinse ‘and place back into the cleaner, throwing the switch to make the articles the cathodes. | The black oxide scale will be removed. You will have to study out your time elements for all steps, as we cannot advise you about that. —JosEPH HAas.
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January, 1929 . BRASS Defective Nickel-Bronze Casting .).—We are sending you a sample nickel-bronze cast- ing. 3 Please note the cracks and pores in this, and the brown flakes that are visible where the casting has been broken. Can you tell us how to eliminate these defects? A.—Your sample gives all evidences of bad mixing and melting practice. The metal is woefully oxidized and surcharged with pollution. The fracture of the cast- ing shows the condition and indicates the cracks and porosity in machining. If, as is usually the case, you are using aluminum as a flux for this metal, probably you are resorting to it too freely. In including aluminum for this purpose only a trace should be used. Another possible source of trouble is the repeated re-melting of scrap metal with little up- building new metal. Furnace temperature of the metal, length of time left in after ready to pour, and the pouring temperature are further possible causes. Whatever the fault is, it is giving you a highly oxidized and weakened metal, and this must be corrected in the mixing, the melt- ing or both. —R. R. CLARKE. FT Defective Nickel Solution Q.—We are sending you a sample of our nickel solu- tion, which we believe to be defective. Can you tell us what the trouble is? We believe a small amount of chromic acid has gotten into this solution and it will not plate. Can you tell us how this can be removed? _ A.—Your nickel solution analyzes as follows: 2.60 oz. 2:52 icc. Chloride, as ammonium chloride.. 2.34 oz. Metal and chloride content are good. Acid content is a little high. Add 6 ozs. of 26° ammonium hydroxide for every 100 gallons of solution. If this addition does not correct trouble, we would suggest that you discard the solution and make a new one. The chromic acid that has been added to the bath is the cause of the trouble and we know of no way to remove it. A very small percentage of chromic acid introduced into a nickel bath should not cause considerable trouble. How- ever, if the quantity is great, it would make the solution so acid that there would be no deposit. —OLIVER J. SIZELOVE. ee Removing Grinding Compound O.—We grind key cocks with “Clover Leaf” grinding compound and would like to find the best way of remov- ing the grinding compound after the grinding operation without washing in gasoline. A.—From our experience we can state that we have never run across a cleaning material that would remove grinding compounds as satisfactorily as gasoline. In nearly all cases where other materials were used there would always remain a slight abrasive scum. However, if you insist upon a cleansing agent other than gasoline, we suggest the following method: Place the key cocks in baskets and soak in whale oil soap; use about %4 pound soap to one gallon of water. Keep soap solution at a slow boil. After 15 minutes soak- ing, remove and place in a soap solution made up of WORLD 17 '% pound soap chips to one gallon water. This solution should be lukewarm and equipped with means of agita- tion so that baskets being on hooks will be lifted vertically up and down. 3 —JosEPH HAAS. Special Finishes ©O.—We have mailed you a sample of a finish we have been unable to duplicate. Will you kindly give us some suggestions on making this finish. We are also trying to produce the Old English brass finish but have not had very good results as our finish lacks depth. Our color is too thin and bright. Can you tell us how the soft color is produced on this class of work? | | We have tried various without success. _ A.—The sample finish that you had sent us to dupli- cate, we have concluded after considerable experimenting, is a freak or accidental finish. Only the person that made it could really tell you positively how to duplicate it. However, we have not been without success in matching the sample to a fair degree. And it is also possible that the nature of the metal may have an influence upon ex- actly matching it. The following is the procedure: Clean the buffed brass in potash and bright dip it. Then stipple with the following solution: dissolve in 2 quarts of hydrochloric acid 8 ounces of while arsenic. In 3 quarts of water dissolve copper sulphate, 8 ounces; verdigris, 2 lbs.; sal ammoniac, 3 lbs. Mix the latter solution with the hydrochloric-arsenic solution and warm very slowly. Allow to cool and settle. Pour off only the clear solution and add 8 ounces of potassium chlorite. This solution is to be stippled upon the brass articles in the same manner as producing a verde antique. Allow to dry thoroughly, which will take about 2 hours, and then immerse articles in a warm potash solution. The potash solution, in which other work is soaked for clean- ing purposes, is satisfactory. A yellowish deposit appears, which is rinsed in cold water and hot water and allowed again to dry thoroughly. Rub off the yellow deposit with a cloth, dip again in potash solution, hot water, thinner, and then dip lacquer. How to produce the “Old English” brass finish de- pends upon your particular need. There have been sub- mitted to us in the past several varieties of finish all with that name. © ; One method of producing it is as follows: Immerse in a copper dip of 8 ounces of copper sulphate and 4 ounces of muriatic acid to each gallon of water. Rinse. Immerse in an antimony sulphide solution com- posed of 4 ounces caustic soda and 2 ounces of antimony sulphide. . A brown-black smut appears which flakes off in spots. Remove and rinse in cold water then in hot water. The antimony sulphide solution is to be used warm. Scratchbrush very lightly and re-immerse in_ sul- phide dip momentarily; rinse; dry; and lacquer. Method 2.—Clean the buffed articles in potash and then bright dip; immerse in a warm solution of % ounce per gallon of barium sulphide per gallon until brown color is obtained. Rinse, scratchbrush wet; re-immerse in barium sulphide solution to obtain desired shade. Then rinse in cold water and dry after rinsing in hot water. Then, with a moist sponge that has been rubbed over cyanide, spot to get desired effect. Rinse; immerse in potash solution; rinse in hot water to dry; then lacquer. —JosEPH HAas. antimony sulphide dips
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18 BRASS) WORLD January, 1929 Associations and Societies American Foundrymen’s Association HEADQUARTERS, 222 WEST ADAMS STREET, CHICAGO, ILL. The general program for the Chicago convention and exhibit of the American Foundrymen’s Association, April 8 to 11, 1929, as developed, promises a most interesting and profitable meeting for the foundrymen of America. While exhibits will be limited as to space occupied, they will be as interesting as ever in character, with practically all regular exhibitors at these annual conven- tions participating. The program as planned will be so full as to provide but little opportunity for general entertainment for the men, but the usual entertainment for ladies will be ar- ranged for. The usual provisions for plant visitation will be made under the auspices of committees of Chicago foundrymen. The following is a list of items on the program of interest to the non-ferrous trades: Tentative Program Monday, April 8 10:00 A. M. Regisration. Exhibits Open. 2:00 P.M. Committee Meetings. Tuesday, April 9 0:00 A.M. Foundry Costs. 2:30 P.M. Round Table—Non-Ferrous Cost Meth- ods. 4:00 P.M. Sand Control. 6:00 P.M. Dinner gathering of those interested in sand control. 7:00 P.M. Foundry Sands. Wednesday, April 10 10:00 A. M. Non-Ferrous Founding. Materials Handling 12:30 P.M. Round Table—Non-Ferrous Practice. 2:00 P.M. Foreman Training. Thursday, April 11 10:00 A.M. Apprentice Training. Round Table Luncheon Meetings. The round table meetings have always proven a great success. Foreman Training. Several men prominent in fore- man training have been secured to tell how training programs can be made worth while. | Apprentice Training. The why and the how of foundry apprentices will be brought out at the session on training foundry apprentices. Non-Ferrous Foundry Costs. The program this year calls for a consideration of ways and means of getting the non-ferrous foundry operators to consider the use of a uniform cost finding method. Sand Control. Breaking a precedent of many years’ standing, a technical session will be held as an eve- — ning meeting. The subject to be discussed is that of sand control. Metallurgy and Shop Practice. The usual technical and shop practice sessions will be held. Institute of Metals Division HEADQUARTERS, 29 WEST 39th STREET, NEW YORK CITY The year 1928 was an active one for the Institute of Metals Division of the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers. At the Fall meeting, held in conjunction with the Philadelphia meeting of the Ameri- — can Society for Steel Treating, the Division’s membership — was reported at 1,196. The meeting in February in New York City was well — attended and the program was unusually good. At the — Division dinner the informal talk was given by W. H. Bassett, of the American Brass Company, and his sub- ject was “Copper and its Alloys.” At the Fall meeting the informal talk at the Division dinner was given by F. M. Becket, on “Chromium.” | | At the Philadelphia meeting, particularly at the joint — sessions with the American Society for Steel Trading, © those in attendance were most representative. Dr. Jef- fries commented on this phase of the meeting and thought that it had brought out as representative a group of non- ferrous metallurgists as it was possible to find in any national technical society gatherings. The Annual Lecturer for the Division was Professor C. H. Mathewson, of Yale University. The 1929 lecture will be delivered by Ulick R. Evans, of Cambridge, Eng. There will be a meeting of the Institute on February 18, ~ in conjunction with the annual meeting of the Mining and Metallurgical Engineers, at New York. } —W. M. Corse, Secretary. American Electroplaters’ Society Detroit Branch HEADQUARTERS, CARE OF T. C. EICHSTAEDT, 654 MOUNT ELLIOT STREET, DETROIT, MICH. Convention Plans The Detroit Branch, which has in hand the ar- tangements for the 1929 annual convention of the. American Electroplaters’ Society, to be held at the Hotel Statler, Detroit, July 8 to 11, has appointed a complete set of committees to take care of the various matters in connection with the convention, and a list of these committees is appended: Executive Committee—General Chairman, FE. G. Lovering, 4552 Commonwealth avenue; General Sec- retary, C. M. Phillips, 13421 Camden avenue; E. V. Allen, A. T. Wagner, M. Beaubien, H. J. Jameson, W. W. McCord, C. H. Eldridge, H. M. Cherry. ‘Committee on Papers—Chairman, H. J. Jameson, 1415 23rd street; Secretary, B. Lewis, 10398 Ameri- can avenue; J. Fritts, J. F. McCullough. Budget Committee—Chairman, E. V. Allen, 6912 Garfield avenue; Treasurer, C. M. Phillips, 13421 Camden avenue; Geo. Kutzen, Chas. Cunningham, W. White, Chas. Mascola, H. J. Jameson. : Registration Committee—Chairman, C. M. Phillips, B. E. Miller, M. Hayes, M. Beaubien. Program Committee—Chairman, A. T. Wagner, 230 — Tuxedo avenue; H. M. Cherry, C. H. Eldridge, E. V. — Allen, H. Carr, F. C. Eichstaedt, W. White, Mr. Wag- — ner, H. J. Jameson. , Information and General Reception Committee— Chairman, F. C. Eichstaedt, 2998 W. Gd. blvd.; S. P. Brockway, Arthur Sutcliffe, G. A. Barrows, A. E. Shepherd, Sr., W. J. Patterson, J. Hay, Mr. Robinson. Entertainment Committee—Chairman, W. W. McCord, 16209 Baylis avenue; H. M. Cherry, Geo.
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January, 1929 Kutzen, W. White, B. Lewis, J. Fritts, A. T. Wag- ner, Mr. Mayer, M. Beaubien, E. V. Allen, Chas. Cun- ningham, H. J. Jameson. Exhibit Committee—Chairman, C. E. Marker, 5015 Dailey street; Secretary, Geo. Kutzen; Wylie Berger, O. Gollnick, E. Hartz; F.C: Fichstaedt. Ladies’ Committee—Mrs. E. V. Allen, Mrs. C. M. Phillips, Mrs. H. J. Cherry, Mrs. Geo. Kutzen, Mrs. A. T. Wagner, Mrs. B. Lewis, Mrs. C. E. Marker, Mrs. F. C. Eichstaedt, Mrs. G. A. Barrows, Mrs. A. E. Shepherd. Papers on Plating The Papers Committee, headed by Mr. Jameson, has issued the following letter to all members of the society : ‘We are hoping to enlist your aid in making this convention more than ordinarily helpful in providing up-to-date information on electroplating problems. We believe that an interchange of technical informa- tion between brother platers is one of the important features'of every convention. Therefore we are re- questing that you prepare a paper on the particular branch of electroplating in which you are specializ- ing, or on a subject which you believe your experience fits you to write about. This is your opportunity to be of service to your society, and we trust that you will make a real effort to submit a paper for the Detroit convention. “Please note that the final date for submitting papers is May 15, 1929.” ee ee Branch HEADQUARTERS, CARE OF G. P. a RET 5324 MAPLE AVENUE, BALTIMORE, MD The annua! meeting of the Baltimore-Washington Branch of the American Electroplaters’ Society was held Saturday afternoon and evening, January 26, at the Emerson Hotel, Baltimore, Md. This issue was about to go to press on the date of the event, so that a full report will be contained in the following issue. Chicago Branch HEADQUARTERS, CARE OF 5S. J. C. TRAPP, 1127 NORTH SEVENTH STREET, MAYWOOD, ILL. The annual meeting and banquet of the Chicago Branch, American FElectroplaters’ Society, took place Saturday, January 26, when this issue was about to A full report will be included in the next go to press. issue. New York Branch HEADQUARTERS, CARE a R. 5. moe BEI 2429 HUBBARD STREET, ROOKLYN, The nineteenth sie Shariiional session and banquet.of the New York Branch of the American Electroplaters’ Society will take place at the Aldine Club, 200 Fifth avenue, New York City, on Saturday afternoon and evening, February 16, 1929. The educational session, which will begin at 3.30 p. m., will include a number of important and instruc- tive technical papers dealing with various electroplat- ing subjects. These will be discussed by platers de- siring to question the speakers, and there will be a great deal to gain for all who attend. These meet- ings have always resulted in greater knowledge for all the platers who attend and the session this year will be no exception. A fine list of papers is being prepared. — The banquet will begin at 7.30, to be followed by entertainment, dancing, etc. There will be prize BRASS WORLD | co yee 19 awards for ladies and gentlemen. Reservations should be made as early as possible by communica- tion with the secretary at the address given above. RatreH J. Liguori, Secretary. St. Louis Branch HEADQUARTERS, CARE OF C. T. McGINLEY, 8214 FAIRHAM AVENUE, ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI The sixteenth annual educational session and ban- quet of the St. Louis Branch of the American Electro- platers’ Society will take place at the American Hotel Annex, St. Louis, Mo., Saturday afternoon and evening, February 2, 1929. The educational session will include discussions of modern electroplating subjects. Improved methods and new developments will be explained in detail by a number of prominent men in the industry, including George Bb. Hogaboom, Newark, N. J.; Walter Fraine, Dayton, Ohio; Edward Heil, Wichita, Kan.; Dr. L. Stout, Washington University. Mr. Hogaboom will conduct the “Open Question Box,” which has found great favor with platers. The Branch invites all who are interested in plating to attend both the session and banquet. The banquet will begin at 6.30 p. m., sharp, and will be followed by entertainment and dancing. The ar- rangement committee is headed by E. J. Musick, chairman, 915 Chestnut street, St. Louis, who should be addressed in regard to reservations, etc. Mr. Musick’s telephone numbers are Main 3110 and Cabany 0023. International Fellowship Club HEADQUARTERS, CARE ye a J. CLARK, 43 FORT PLEASANT AVENUE, NGFIELD, MASS. The Club has bai a very successful year, with a num- ber of good meetings and increased membership to show. In January, 1928, a meeting was held at Chicago, and the following month there was one in New York City. In July many of our members gathered at the Toronto con- vention of the American Electroplaters’ Society, where a number of Canadian members of the trade joined the Club. One of them, William Wells, was elected vice- president, and the organization can now be said to be . truly international i in its activities and membership. That the Club is highly regarded by the National As- sociation of Purchasing Agents and similar organizations: was indicated in an address by Frederick Space at the New York meeting last February. He is a member and officer in such organizations and his talk on sales ethics was inspiring. Plans for 1929 The first meeting of the 1929 year will take place at Chicago, at the annual meeting of the Chicago Branch of the American Electroplaters’ Society, to be held January 26, at the Hotel Sherman, Chicago. This takes place at the time Brass Wortp goes to press, and a better report will be forthcoming for the next issue. When the annual meeting of the New York Branch is held on February 16, 1929, at the Aldine Club, 200 Fifth Avenue, New York City, the Club will hold an annual luncheon. | There will be a number of other meetings this year. At the Detroit convention of the electroplaters, which takes place July 8 to 11, there will be a large number of the members, including many from Canada. The Club expects to increase its membership further this year, and will welcome all representatives of firms making plating and finishing supplies who have not joined as yet. Prac- oe every representative firm is now represented in the Clu
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a .. American Electrochemical Society .- ahh lah CARE OF DR. COLIN G. FINK,..COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, NEW YORK CITY The Year in Review The American Electrochemical Society has just ended one of the most eventful years in its history. The first of two fine meetings was held at. Bridgeport, Conn., last spring; with the chemical production of electricity as. the chief. topic... In.this many. noted. authorities. participated, presenting. many important. papers. There were foreign papers as well as American, contributions coming from Japan, England and Switzerland.. The fall meeting, held at Charleston: ‘Huntington, West Va. , brought. forth papers on a. variety of electrochemical subjects. - Noteworthy at both the spring and fall meetings were. the Round ‘Fable Discussions. At the spring meeting this. was devoted to the selection. of refractories for brass melting, while- at the fall meeting the topic was the elec- trometallurgy of-nickel. — Dr. E..-G. Acheson,.. inventor of -carborundum and graphite, made a oift of a fund to be used for giving a prize of a. medal and $2000 every. two years for outstand- ing work in electrochemistry. Another. gift was that of Edward Weston, which will be used to award fellowships to research workers in electrochemistry. 7 _ . Spring Meeting | the spring meeting of the Society will take place at Toronto, Canada, May 27, 28 and 29, 1929. One of the chief sessions will be devoted to a discussion of electro- magnetic characteristics of electrochemical processes. This meeting will be presided over by Floyd T. Taylor, Matawan, N. J. The Toronto local committee is headed by Prof. W. Dash Miller. Non-Ferrous Ingot Metal Institute HEADQUARTERS, CARE OF BENJAMIN HARRIS AND COMPANY, CHICAGO, ILL. The Non-Ferrous Ingot Metal Institute held a well- attended meeting at the Hotel Statler, Detroit, Mich., on January 17, where reports were made on several of the organization’s projects, and where action was taken on new policies. The Institute plans to work for the establishment of standard ingot metal specifications, in co-operation with the American Society for Testing Materials. A resolution was adopted authorizing the Institute to begin at once an extensive survey of costs and accounting with a view to developing standard practice in ingot metal production cost determination. The survey will be made under the direction of a leading authority on production systems. In this survey the figures of any individual member will not concern the Institute, but attention will be directed toward development of standard methods which may 20 BRASS WORLD January; 1929 result in important savings to all. "Co-operative tech- nical research may be taken up eventually. Collective purchase of insurance has. been under in- vestigation. It was stated at the meeting that in respect | to one form of insurance which all members must carry, there are encouraging indications that substantial savings may be affected. Burglary and ea insurance were discussed at length. | British Eleciowilan and Depositors HEADQUARTERS, NORTHAMPTON POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE, ST. JOHN ‘STREET, LONDON, E. C. 2, ENGLAND | ~S. Wernick, secretary of the Electroplaters’ and De- positors’ Technical Society of Great Britain, has issued the anntial réport of: the Society's activities during 1928, which is reproduced here in-part: > With the new ‘session—the fourth in-the existence of society_well established; we ‘have consolidated our posi- tion as the society devoted exclusively to electro-deposi- tion. The past session has: seen marked: progress in: the newer developments outlined in the last secretarial report. -Membership—The increase’in membership during the session is ‘satisfactory as compared with last session, the number of new members elected | being 48. During the ‘session, there were a few resignations, while two members have died. ; Meetings—Ten meetings were held during the ses- sion, during which nine papers were presented for dis- cussion. The policy of the committee has been to reduce the number of general discussions in favor of an increase in the number of papers followed by discussions, these papers generally containing valuable and important. facts and theories upon which the opinion and experiences of the meeting could be expressed. The discussions were thus of a more concentrated and valuable character. One “full-dress” discussion was, however, held ou “The Com- position and Control of Nickel Plating Solutions.’’ Con- joint meetings with kindred societies were held on three occasions. Journal—The Journal, the impending publication of which was announced in the last report, is now a reality, the third volume having just appeared. There has been a progressive increase in the quantity of matter published with each succeeding session which has been paralleled by an enhancement in the quality of the papers presented. Abstracts—In the matter of abstracts of literature dealing with electro-deposition, these have been regularly circulated throughout the session. Work on Standardization—This work which has been proceeding during the session, is dealt with fully in the first Report of the Standards Committee which is presently to be submitted. Personals Harry F. O'Brien has resigned as general manager and vice-president of the International Silver Com- pany, Meriden, Conn., and has become an official of the Gorham Company, Providence, R. I. George Adams has been appointed sales manager of the Bunting Brass and Bronze Company, Toledo, Ohio. Paul H. Henning has become affiliated with the Wise Industries, 1033 Mt. Elliott Street, Detroit. The firm does chromium, nickel and cadmium plating. Mr. Henning was formerly vice-president of the Detroit Screw Works, Detroit. A. M. Oliver is now advertising manager of the Pangborn Corporation, Hagerstown, Md. He was formerly in the advertising department of the Good- year Tire and Rubber Company, Akron, Ohio. C. E. George, for many years western manager of the American Schaeffer and Budenberg Corporation, Brooklyn, has joined the Chicago sales staff of the Taylor Instrument Companies, Rochester, N. Y., with headquarters at 58 East Washington Street. Raymond Harner, a graduate of the Ceramic Engi- neering College of Ohio State University, has been added to. the furnace engineering staff of The Ferro Enamel Supply Company, Cleveland, Ohio.
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January, 1929 BRASS WORLD ie a1 Obituaries Jesse L. Jones Jesse L. Jones, for many years Metallurgical Editor of THE MEtaL INDusTRY, a member of the metallurgical staff of the Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company, East Pittsburgh, Pa., and a widely known chemist and metallurgist, died January 22, 1929, at Jack- sonville, Florida, where he had _ been spending some time due to poor health. Mr. Jones was about 60 years of age. He graduated from Ohio State University in 1890. The first position Mr. Jones held was that of assistant to the State Chemist of Ohio, after which he did chemical work for several steel compan- ies in the central west. In 1893 he joined William Cramp and Sons Ship and Engine Building Company, at Philadelphia, Pa., where he organized a chemical and physical laboratory. | Among his accomplishments in the field of metallurgy was his work on the introduction into the United States of Parson’s manganese bronze and white brass. He joined the Westinghouse company in 1903, taking charge of the chemical and physical testing laboratories, and performing work in metallurgy for which he became widely known throughout the country. He was a member of numerous scientific and technical organizations, and was at the head of several of these at various times. He was very active on technical committees of the American Foundrymen’s Association and the American Society for Testing Materials. As Metallurgical Editor of THE Meta Inpustry, Mr. Jones contributed to the pages of this journal a great deal of authoritative material on metallurgy. Jesse L. J ones Theodore F. Baker Theodore F. Baker, sales representative at Philadelphia for the American Brass Company of Waterbury, Conn., and for the past 30 years engaged in the’ sale of metal products, died December 9, 1928, at Philadelphia, Pa., where he resided. He became associated with the Water- bury Brass Company more than 30 years ago and remained with the American Brass Company when it absorbed the Waterbury firm- -On several occasions he went abroad for the company, of which he was one of the most im- portant districts sales executives. Albert E. Hathaway ' Albert E. Hathaway, widely known Attleboro, Mass., jewelry manufacturer, died there on December 30, 1928, after an illness that lasted nearly three years. After working ‘as apprentice and journeyman, he became super- intendent of the R. Blackinton Company while still a young man. After 15 years with that company, he joined the James E. Blake Company as a partner. He retired about three years ago. James Harvey James Harvey, president of A. Harvey’s Sons Manu- facturing Company, Detroit, Mich., a prominent member of the foundry industry there, died December 9, 1928, at | the age of 78. He had been in poor health for several years. Mr. Harvey had been with the Harvey company for 58 years. It is one of the oldest foundry firms in Detroit, having been founded in 1833 by Solomon Davis, brass founder, and purchased by Andrew Harvey in 1855. Andrew Harvey took in as partners his two sons, Andrew Jr., and James. John H. Geddes John H. Geddes, an official of the Torrington Manu- facturing Company, Torrington, Conn., was killed on January 23 when a Bridgeport-Winsted train of the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad left the tracks and plunged into a ravine, causing the death of several persons. Mr. Geddes resided at 14 Weyman Street, Waterbury, Conn., and was well known in the metal and machinery trades. H. B.. Dominick H. B. Dominick, for the past 58 years head of the firm of Dominick and Haff, New York City silversmiths, died in December at the age of 81. He was one of the most prominent men in the silversmith industry, which he entered at 15 with Gale and Company, which he later acquired and turned into the concern now known as Dominick and Haff. | Cornelius A. Bickett Cornelius A. Bickett, chairman of the board of directors of the Chicago Bearing Metal Company and vice-president and a director of the Magnus Company, Inc., Chicago, Ill:, died December 25, 1928, at Miami Beach, Florida, in his sixty-fourth year. Mr. Bickett was formerly a prominent member of the coal industry as well as the metal industry. G. A. Doeright _ | G. A. Doeright, formerly president of the Falcon Bronze Company, Youngstown, Ohio, died on January 4, 1929, at the age of 58. - He had retired from business several years ago, after many years of activity. | | ; ~ Archer J. Smith = _ Archer J..Smith, president of the American Mills Com- pany. and president and treasurer of the Waterbury Buckle Company, Waterbury, Conn., died there on December 11, 1928, at the age of 72.__ Sod KS 57 in W. A. Thegen W. A. Thegen, proprietor of William Thegen’s Son, jewelry manufacturers, 603 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa., died on January 2, 1929, at his home in Rutledge, Delaware-County, >Pa.:c: oS +>» div? tate _ William Wasweyler _ William Wasweyler, president of the Milwaukee Brass Company, Milwaukee, Wis., died there December 1, 1928, due to heart disease. He was 64 years of age.
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22 | Sie BRASS WORLD January, 1929 Business Reports New Aluminum Rolling Mill The Aluminum Company of America, Pittsburgh, Pa., has announced that work has already started on the erec- tion at their Alcoa, Tenn., plant of a new rolling mill for the production of all grades of strong aluminum alloy sheets and plates. All of the equipment will be of the latest design with individual electric drivers and roller bearings. This mill will furnish employment for ap- proximately 500 additional men, and the electric power requirement will be 15,000 horepower. It will have an initial monthly production of one million pounds with an ultimate capacity of three million pounds, which is equiva- lent to approximately nine million pounds of steel sheets. It is expected that the new mill will be in operation by fall on 17S, 25S, 51S and the “Alclad” modification of these alloys. Wilckes-Martin-Wilckes Company Executives and employes of the Wilckes-Martin- Wilckes Company, Camden, N. J., phosphate manufactur- ers, attended that company’s annual dinner and entertain- ment on December 11, 1928, which took the form of a Christmas party and was also the occasion for celebrating the recent appointment of John J. Heck as general su- perintendent of the company. The music and entertain- ment was furnished by employees. Edward Van Berlo arranged the program. There were speeches by President Ferdinand Wilckes, Luther Martin, Mr. Heck and G. T. Short. | New Copper Wire Merger Reported Chicago reports state that the Anaconda Copper Min- ing Company and its subsidiary, the American Brass Com- pany, Waterbury, Conn.,.have started negotiations for the purchase of the Inland Wire and Cable Company, Syca- more, Ill., formerly the Chicago Insulated Wire and Manufacturing Company. It is stated that details or terms have not yet been taken up. The Inland company is headed by A. B. Gochenour, president: A. A. Mueller, treasurer ; and L. R. Love, secretary. It is capitalized at $2,000,000 and produces copper wire and cable. Lead Merger in Massachusetts The Chadwick Boston Lead Company, which recently turned the corner of its first century of existence, has been merged with the National Lead Company of Massa- chusetts and a new company will be formed, to be known as the National Boston Lead Company. Operating econ- omies are expected to result. There will be no change in personnel or policy. New Plating Process According to a London dispatch to the New York Her- ald Tribyne of January 7, the Einstein Electro-Chemical Process, Ltd., a British concern, has perfected a process whereby non-conduetors of electricity such as wood, pa- per, fabrics, threads, etc., can be electroplated and made as strong as iron and resistant to corrosion and other de- leterious actions, so that materials formerly unusable in some lines are now made available to them. Merger of Nickel Companies Planned An offer for the purchase of the Mond Nickel Com- pany, Ltd., of England, was made last month by the In- ternational Nickel Company of Canada, Ltd., which re- cently acquired the physical assets of the International Nickel Company of New Jersey. In connection with the offer to purchase Mond, it was reported that the Cana- dian company’s acquisition of the New Jersey company had been decided upon in preparation for the new proj- ect, that of linking with the English nickel producer. According to these reports, a merger such as is proposed would give the International Nickel of Canada virtual control of the world’s nickel supply, and would tend to eliminate considerable duplication of works, making for greater economy. Abrasive Company Salesmen Confer - Sales repre sentatives and executives of the Abrasive an Bint filadelphia, Pa., held a three-day sales con- pe at the: Penn Athletic Club, Philadelphia, in De- sr. A number of important sessions were held, with some meetings taking place at the company’s Bridesburg, Pa., plant, which was inspected and where the salesmen were shown practical grinding operations in the com- pany’s mechanical laboratory. There were discussions of various phases of the abrasive trade with relation to sales, and the whole conference proved highly successful as a means of giving the entire staff important new ideas and information on their field. Policies for 1929 were outlined. There was a dinner dance at the close of the conference. The entire affair was under the direction of S. M. Hershey, sales manager. : DeVilbiss Company Reorganization The reorganization of The DeVilbiss Company, Toledo, Ohio, following the death of the founder and president, Thomas A. DeVilbiss, finds Allen D. Gutchess, a nephew of Mr. DeVilbiss, in charge of the immense industry sup- plying spray painting and finishing systems, medical atomizers, and perfumizers to all countries. Other new officers are William M. Booker, chairman of the board; Frank A. Bailey, vice-president and general manager ; William F. Gradolph, general sales manager ; Frank C. Penoyar, secretary; Walter W. Conklin, treas- urer, and Howard DeVilbiss, son of the founder, assistant secretary. Exposition of Chemical Industries The Twelfth Exposition of Chemical Industries will be held at the Grand Central Palace, New York City, the week of May 6 to 11, 1929. The Exposition draws together chemists, engineers, manufacturers and others interested from forty industries which are dependent in their operations upon a chemical change in the nature of the material or are under chemical control. Prizes for Monel Sink Designs Prizes for best designs for Monel Metal sinks will be awarded March 5, 1929, by the Art Alliance of America,
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January, 1929 - according to an announcement by the International Nickel Company, Inc., 67 Wall Street, New York City, sponsors of the competition and manufacturers of Monel Metal. The company, believing this to be a means of permitting all who are interested in metal working, design, architec- BRASS WORLD 23 ture, etc., to offer their ideas, states that the committee of judges will include eminent architects, designers and experts in kitchen management. [ull information. 1s obtainable from the Alliance, at 65 East 56th Street, New York City. Business Reports in Brief Copper Clad Malleable Range Company, 821 North Second Street, St. Louis, Mo., contemplates additions to foundry. Bridgeport Brass Company, Bridgeport, Conn., is said to be planning a new one-story unit, to cost over $75,000 with equipment. General Steel Wares, Ltd., will start work imme- diately on an enameling plant, 150x250 ft., at London, Ont., Can., to cost $100,000. General Refractories Company, Philadelphia, Pa., has opened district sales office at 509 Marshall Build- ing, 40 Central Street, Boston, Mass. . Union Metal Manufacturing Company, Canton, Ohio, has acquired the King Company, Sheffield, Ala., manufacturer of street lighting standards. Gluntz Brass Foundry Company, 3301-5 East Fifty- fifth Street, Cleveland, Ohio, has plans for a one- story plant to cost $70,000 with equipment. Electrolier Manufacturing Company, 5849 Boyer Street, Montreal, Canada, has awarded contract for a two-story factory, 70 x 94 ft., to cost $15,000. Michigan Smelting and Refining Company, De- troit, Mich., has awarded general contract for an addition to cost over $70,000 with equipment. The Coffin Valve Company is now located in a new office and plant at the Victory Terminal, Squantum, Mass. The mailing address is Atlantic, Mass. Johnson Bronze Company, New Castle, Pa., has begun expansion program, to include new foundry | unit, to cost more than $75,000 with equipment. National Enameling and Stamping Company, Baltimore, Md., has let contract for a one-story addi- tion, 90 x 168 ft., to cost about $35,000 with equipment. Superior Die Casting Company, 875 E. Seventieth Street, Cleveland, Ohio, has doubled the space in its new plant. Additional facilities will be completed soon. T. J. Cope, 2114 Sansom Street, Philadelphia, Pa., manufacturer of electrical equipment, has purchased a two-story factory on site, 41 x 110 ft., for a new plant. _ M. Swift and Sons, 100 Love Lane, Hartford, Conn., is having revised plans prepared for the construction of a two-story, 55 x 200 ft. factory. Estimated cost $100,000. Indiana Smelting and Refining Company, 1116 East Sixteenth Street, Indianapolis, Ind., is reported plan- ning a one-story addition, to cost over $40,000 with equipment. | . General Metals Refining Company, 3100 N. Broad- q _ way, St. Louis, Mo., has purchased local property as site for a new plant, to cost more than $65,000 with equipment. Central Iron and Steel Company, Harrisburg, Pa., has completed its brass foundry. The new shop will produce castings for the use of the company exclusively. United States Chromium Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pa., awarded contract for a one-story, 72 x 100 ft. fac- tory at Pitt and Wallace Streets, here. Estimated cost $40,000. | Cook Paint and Varnish Company, North Kansas City, Mo., awarded contract for the construction of a three-story, 60 x 113 ft. lacquer plant. Estimated cost $50,000. Winnipeg Brass Company, Flora and Robinson Streets, Winnipeg, Can., has awarded general contract for a foundry to cost $50,000. It will be three stories, 50 x 200 feet. : Ebinger Sanitary Manufacturing Company, 184 Lucas, Street, Columbus, Ohio, has awarded general contract for a one-story addition to cost about $40,000 with equipment. | Dominion Electric Company, 116 First Avenue, N., Minneapolis, Minn., manufacturer of electrical equip- ment, is considering an addition to cost about $55,000 with machinery. Auto-Rad Electrical Corporation, Adrian, Mich., manufacturer of radio receiving sets, is arranging for additional space for increased output in a factory now occupied in part. Monroe Brass and Aluminum Foundry, 616 W. Monroe Street, Chicago, Ill., recently started produc- tion. This company specializes in the production of automobile heaters. Sterling Brass Company, S. L. Weil, president, 9600 St. Catherine Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, awarded con- tract for a three-story, 44 x 144 ft. addition to factory. Estimated cost $60,000. Streloff-Naughton Corporation, Long Island City, N. Y., manufacturer of aluminum tanks, etc., has leased space in building at Harris Avenue and William Street, for a new plant. Perfect Circle Manufacturing Company, Newcastle, Pa., manufacturer of piston rings, etc., is reported planning a one-story addition, to cost more than $30,000 with equipment. | Metals Disintegrating Company, Townley, near Elizabeth, N. J., has approved plans for a two-story and basement addition, 53 x 100 ft., to cost about | $40,000 with equipment. Vitalite Piston Manufacturing Company, Santa Ana, Calif., has leased a two-story factory to be erected on South Main Street for new plant, to cost about $30,000 with equipment. Armstrong Cork Company, Twenty-fourth Street, Pittsburgh, Pa., is said to be planning a three-story addition to plant at Gloucester, N. J., to cost more than $75,000 with equipment. Central Supply Company, 255 Pearl Street, New York, manufacturers of plumbing and heating equip- ment, plans the construction of a one-story factory, here. Estimated cost $40,000. Lake Erie Metal Products Company, J. F. Strand, general manager, Dunham Road, Cleveland, Ohio, had
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24 BRASS plans prepared for a one- and two-story, 75 x 100 ft. factory. Estimated cost $50,000. Suburban Bronze and Iron Corporation, 107th Street, Queens Village, L. I., has plans for a new two- story plant, 100 x 140 ft., at Richmond Hill, to cost more than $80,000 with equipment. City Brass Works Company, 1742 Carroll Avenue, Chicago, I[1l., specializing in German silver, brass and bronze hardware, fittings, etc., is contemplating the erection of a new foundry in the spring. : Carl Pearson, 1326 Eleventh Street, Denver, Colo., estimated that a fire in his brass foundry caused a damage of over $20,000. A number of valuable dies were destroyed. The building was gutted. Crescent Insulated Wire and Cable Company, Olden and Taylor Avenues, Trenton, N. J., has awarded general contract for a two-story addition, 110 x 115 ft. to cost about $85,000 with equipment. Lisenby Manufacturing Company, Fresno, Calif., has sold its foundry department to M. G. Wilson and G. N. Nutwell, who are making a specialty of memo- rial tablets and other ornamental bronze work. Hart Manufacturing Company, Hamilton Street, Hartford, Conn., manufacturer of electrical equipment and supplies, is asking bids for a one-story addition, 60 x 120 ft., to cost about $40,000 with equipment. Berry Brothers, Inc., 211 Leib St., Detroit, Mich., will soon award contract for a four-story, 65 x 90 ft. lacquer plant. Estimated cost $100,000. The com- pany is in the market for pump, tanks, piping, etc. Zenith-Detroit Corporation, Detroit, Mich., manu- facturers of carbureters, etc., has awarded general contract for a two-story and basement addition, 62 x 120 ft., to cost about $60,000 with equipment. Botfield Refractories Company, Philadelphia, Pa., announces that McCarthy-Jones and Allen Company, Inc., 111 First avenue South, Nashville, Tenn., have been appointed distributors of all Botfield products. Sunlight Lamp Company, 288 Springfield Avenue, Newark, N. J., manufacturer of radio tubes and equip- ment, has leased space in factory at Irvington, totaling about 10,000 square feet, for a branch plant. ’ Best Manufacturing Company, 1200 Grove Street, Irvington, N. J., manufacturer of electrical and radio equipment, has awarded general contract for a two- story addition, 35 x 127 ft., to cost about $40,000 with equipment. New Process Casting Company, Baltimore, Md., care of Leo H. Homand, 46 Franklin Building, pres- ident, is said to be planning a local foundry to manu- facture metal castings, to cost about $25,000 with equipment. | ais gia! Lionel Corporation, 605 S. Twenty-first Street, Irvington, N. J., manufacturer of electric toys, has - awarded general contract for a one- and two-story addition, 390 x 620 ft., to cost over $200,000 with equipment. _ Exolon Company, Commercial Avenue, Blasdell, N. Y., manufacturer of abrasives, has acquired ad- joining tract of nine acres and plans addition, to cost more than $75,000 with equipment, work to begin early next year. , | Sears, Roebuck and Company of Chicago have awarded a contract to The Ferro Enamel Supply Company, Cleveland, Ohio, for a complete porcelain enameling plant installation, including a continuous- type furnace at Kankakee, III. Meaker Company, 1249 Fulton Market, Chicago, Ill., manufacturer of galvanizing equipment, electro- WORLD January, 1929 plating machines, etc., has acquired property, | 200 x 257 ft., for a new one- and two-story plant, to cost over $65,000 with equipment. Aluminum Goods Manufacturing Company, Mani- towoc, Wis., which has broken ground for a seven- story addition, 115 x 302 ft., to its main plant, is hav- ing plans drawn for an extension of its branch works at Two Rivers, Wis., to cost $450,000. W. S. Tyler Company, Cleveland, Ohio, has ac- quired a 15-acre site at St. Catherine’s, Ont., Canada, for the erection of a plant to supply its Canadian trade. The company’s products include woven wire screens, ornamental wire and bronze. Central Supply Company, 255 Pearl Street, New York, manufacturer of plumbing and heating equip- ment, is said to have plans for a new plant at Radburn, a new industrial settlement near Paterson, N. J., to cost more than $50,000 with equipment. 7 Electric Servidor Corporation, 147 West Twenty- ninth Street, New York City, manufacturer of electric service specialties, has leased part of a building at 357-9 Ogden Street, Newark, N. J., for a branch plant to manufacture electric roasting machines. Employes of the Racine Brass and Iron Company of Racine, Wis., have been provided with weekly sickness and accident benefits under the terms of a group health and non-occupational accident policy, underwritten by the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company. Unique Lamp and Casting Company, 1948 N. Ked- vale Avenue, Chicago, Ill., is specializing in fixture parts of exclusive désign. This company also makes many. white metal castings and is specializing in an alloy which is claimed to have several advantageous properties. | Robert Mitchell Company, Montreal, Que., Can., is preparing to increase its output. Plans have been made for a foundry where operations in brass, bronze and iron will be concentrated, including a laboratory and research offices. The company has bought a large site close to the railway. | 7 Philadelphia Non-Ferrous Foundry Company, Philadelphia, Pa., recently organized by Edward W. Taylor, Jr., 3030 Queen Lane, and associates, has acquired a two-story factory at 811-15 Fairmount Avenue, 56 x 125 ft., for production of aluminum, brass and other metal castings. | Hoffmann and Billings Manufacturing Company, 100 Second Street, Milwaukee, Wis., manufacturer of plumbers’ and steamfitters’ materials and supplies, has disposed of its jobbing business to Crane Company, Chicago, but states that it will continue manufactur- ing in its plant at 220 Becher Street. National Silver Company, 61. West Twenty-third Street, New York City, will take over and consolidate Samuel E. Bernstein, Inc., same address, and Nasco Silver Company, 139 Fifth Avenue, manufacturers of silverware, cutlery, etc. Expansion in production will be carried out. Samuel E. Bernstein is president. Reliance Bronze and Aluminum. Foundry, Philadel- phia, Pa., recently organized by Alfred Haeberle, 268 W. Fishers Avenue, Philadelphia,-.and associates, plans early operation of a local plant to manufacture brass, bronze, aluminum and other metal. castings. Arthur W. Schuller also is interested in the company. Weidenmiller Brothers, Chicago, Ill., has completed a foundry building of three stories, equipped with melting furnaces, sand. blast and.10-ton hoist. The company manufactures brass, bronze, aluminum,
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January, 1929 nickel silver and special alloys castings. Edward A. Weidenmiller is president, and Emil O. Weidenmiller is secretary and treasurer, = 9B" The Atlas Ansonia Company, 54-62 Grant Street, New Haven, Conn., has been formed to take over ' the Atlas Manufacturing Company, New Haven, and the Ansonia Novelty Company, Ansonia. The merger became effective January 1. New equipment has been added and enlarged production facilities are now available, the company states. T. E. Conklin Brass and Copper Company, 113-115 Leonard street, New York City, has taken a long lease on the building at the above address, where the general and sales offices of the company will be main- tained. Formerly they were at the company’s build- ing at 54 Lafayette street, which is now completely used as a warehouse and shipping department. Paramount Welded Aluminum Products Corpora- tion, Brooklyn, N. Y., manufacturer of airplane fuel and oil tanks, engine cowling, pilot seats and other aircraft products, has removed from 429 Kent Ave- nue, Brooklyn, N. Y., to 195 Morgan Avenue. The company has recently purchased shop materials, ma- chines, tool stands and other equipment. J. Billig is president. W. D. Kennedy, Dallas, Texas, operating the Kennedy Machine and Brass Company, 2236 Live Oak Street, and other local industries, has acquired a two- acre tract of land at 3110 Oak Lane Avenue, with a one-story building, 100 x 300 ft., for a group of fac- tories. Kennedy Machine and Brass Company will erect a new unit at this location at an early date. The project will cost more than $200,000. The Kirk and Blum Manufacturing Company, Cin- cinnati, Ohio, has appointed the Brewster-Nichols Company, 2169 West 25th street, Cleveland, Ohio, as sales agents and representatives in the Cleveland ter- ritory. Kirk and Blum specializes in the manufac- ture and installation of dust collecting and pneumatic handling systems for removal of waste, fume exhaust, drying, ventilating, etc. Industrial ovens and sheet metal products are also manufactured. Ideal Bronze Company, 1265 East Fifty-fifth Street, Cleveland, Ohio, has been consolidated with Wellman Bronze Company, 6017 Superior Avenue, Cleveland, giving the latter company an annual capacity of 2,000,000 pounds of rough, finished and semi-finished bronze and aluminum castings. The plant of the Ideal company will be closed. F. H. Zwilling, presi- dent-treasurer and E. V. Coulston, secretary of Ideal New Companies National Moulding Company, Grand Rapids, Mich., has been organized to manufacture special steel and brass shapes, such as automobile garnish mouldings, window channels, etc. Smith Process, Inc., Boston, Mass., has been incor- porated with $50,000 capital by Edward N. Robinson, Danvers, Mass., to engage in the foundry business, manufacture castings, etc. The Tampa Brass Manufacturing Company, Tampa, Fla., has been incorporated with $50,000 cap- ital to manufacture sprinkling systems by G. C. Brannon and C. E. Chalker. Willimantic Metal Screen Company, Inc., Willi- mantic, Conn., has been organized to manufacture BRASS WORLD tah | 25 company, have become associated with Wellman organization. ; | Ruemelin Manufacturing Company, engineers and makers of sand blast and dust suppression equip- ment, hitherto at Minneapolis, Minn., announce that requirements of increased manufacturing space has necessitated their removal to Milwaukee, Wis., where they will be establsihed from February lst on. The company has a plant at 588 Clinton Street, which is centrally located and from which shipments can be made economically and rapidly, giving the company’s customers improved service. The Spraco Painting Equipment Company, Somer- ville, Mass., maker of industrial finishing equipment, has merged with the Spray Engineering Company of the same address, manufacturer of spray cooling equipment, under the name Spraco, Inc., with offices and factory facilities combined at 114 Central Street, Somerville. Thomas W. Pelham, vice-president of the Gillette Safety Razor Company is chairman of the board; W. B. Thompson is president of Spraco, Inc., Frank G. Dennison, vice-president, and Wm. F. Mc- Donald, treasurer Chromium Engineering Corporation of America, formerly at 246 Fifth Avenue, New York City, has removed its executive offices to its plant at 132 West 22nd Street. The company states that it maintains a model chromium plating plant where chromium plating work is being done for customers awaiting installation of their own chromium plants. The com- pany has facilities for quantity production of chromium plate for manufacturers requiring this fin- ish. Work done, it is stated, carries a two-year — guarantee against corrosion, rust, cracking, peeling or stripping, a label to this effect being attached to each article plated. Crown Rheostat and Supply Company, 1910 Maypole Avenue, Chicago, IIl., manufacturers of plat- ing and polishing apparatus and materials, electrical appliances for plating rooms, chemicals, etc., have in- creased their capital stock to $200,000 and added some new men to the organization, according to an an- nouncement by S. E. Huenerfauth, president. The other officers, including new appointees, are: C. E. Huenerfauth, vice-president; H. E. Willmore, secre- tary; R. C. Trees, treasurer; G. A. Spencer, general manager; L. K. Lindahl, sales manager; W. G. Meggers, assistant sales manager. The company states it has enjoyed a prosperous year and indica- tions are that 1929 will be even better. metal frame window screens. Factory has been se- cured and materials and equipment purchased. The Aldeen Manufacturing Company, 426 S. Main Street, Rockford, Ill., has been incorporated. Busi- ness of tool and metal stamping. Capital $100,000 common. Incorporators: T. Erickson, R. Aldeen and E. B. Erickson. Benson Metal Products and Roofing Company, Newark, N. J., has been organized to manufacture copper and metal roofing products, including gutters, leaders, skylights, coping, etc. All manufacturing is done in the company’s shops. Art Metalabel Corporation, Baptist Avenue and Pennsylvania Railroad, York, Pa., has been organized -
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26 ees BRASS WORLD to manufacture metal seals and name plates. The company has leased manufacturing building and ini- tial materials have been purchased. Kerr Metal Products Ltd., Hamilton, Can., has been incorporated with $40,000 capital by T. H. Simpson, F. R. Murgatroyd, and E. Ambrose, all of Hamilton, to carry on the business as brass and iron founder, engineer and manufacturer of metals. M. A. Regan, 5903 Cobbs Creek Parkway, Philadel- phia, Pa., and associates have organized the Philadel- phia Metal Works and plan early operation of local plant, to manufacture machine equipment and metal products. R. Weber is also interested in the company. J. Munson Lee, Phillipsburg, N. J., and associates, have organized the Lee Metal Products Company, ‘with capital of $100,000, and will operate local plant to manufacture iron, steel, nickel and other metal goods. G. H. Tay will be an official of the new com- pany. | : - United States Brass Corporation, Cleveland, Ohio, manufacturer of non-ferrous metals and founder, has incorporated with $25,000 capital. R. R. Ivone is president and general manager; B. T. Ruby is sec- retary, and Rudy Miller is treasurer. The company " ~ Laclede-Christy, St. Louis, Mo. December bulletin. A Standard Bearing Metal. A. Allan and Son, Harrison, N. J. Durabilt Steel Locker Company, Aurora, IIl. Folder No. 6000A on steel lockers, cabinets, etc. Cutler-Hammer Manufacturing Company, Mil- waukee, Wis. Circular on motor control problems. Universal Steel Shelving. Universal Fixture Corporation, 135 West 23rd Street, New York City. Acid Globe Valve. Walworth Company, Boston, Mass. Valves for use with chemical piping systems. Automatic Wire and Ribbon Metal Forming Equip- ment. The Baird Machine Company, Bridgeport, Conn. nae 3 Oil Firing. The Brown Instrument Company, Philadelphia, Pa. Circular on temperature control apparatus. | ! Drying Chemical and Mineral Substances. Ruggles- Coles Engineering Company of Hardinge Company, Inc., York, Pa. A circular. Engineering Achievements—1928. Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company, East Pitts- burgh, Pa. Illustrated 24-page booklet. From the Constitution to the Virginia. Taunton- New Bedford Copper Company, Taunton, Mass. Circular on copper and brass for marine use. Oval Tube Air Heaters. Shaw-Perkins Manufac- turing Company, Pittsburgh, Pa. Equipment for pre- heating combustion air, industrial heating, drying and. other purposes. Segment Chuck. Samuel C. Rogers and Company, Buffalo, N. Y. Circulars illustrating a new segment wheel chuck adaptable for use on vertical and uni- versal machine grinders, various machine knife grinders, etc. Reducing the Cost of Electric Power. Electric Machinery Manufacturing Company, Minneapolis, Minn. A well illustrated, 48-page book on power factor correction with static condensers; non-tech- nical exposition of certain means of reducing electric power costs, January, 1929 has established its plant.at 1275 E. Fifty-fifth Street, Cleveland. | Bergen Electric Corporation, 766 Palisade Avenue, Teaneck, N. J., has been organized with a capital of $125,000 to repair electrical machinery and manufac- ture storage batteries. It also contemplates manufac- ture of electric motors and is in the market for an armature winding machine. John Polachek and other officials of Polachek Bronze and Iron Company and Renaissance Bronze and Iron Company, affiliated organizations, both with plants at Long Island City, have organized the Pola- chek Bronze and Iron Corporation and Renaissance Bronze and Iron Corporation, to take over and expand present companies. Erwin R. Geiger will be an off- cial of both companies. Gesswein Boat Corporation, Bergen Beach, Brook- lyn, N. Y., has been organized to operate boat building and repair works and has taken over the plant of Paul S. Gesswein Boat Company. The company will manufacture outboard motor boats and will be in the market for equipment and supplies, including brass. fastenings, lumber and deck fittings. R. M. French is treasurer and general manager. Trade Publications Machinery, Tools and Work Benches. Leiman Brothers, 23 Walker Street, New York City. Dust collecting, pumping, rolling, metal working equip- ment; plating dynamos; sand blasts; other equip- ment. A fully illustrated catalog, of interest to all metal workers, platers, finishers, etc. Pictures from Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc., New York City. A 72-page book of half-tone repro- ductions of photographs taken in connection with the research work of the laboratories. Fine illustrations giving an outline of the work and achievements of one of the most important research organizations in the world. General Electric Company, Schenectady, N. Y. Publications: Automatic Arc Welder for Steel Rail- road Ties;° Atomic-Hydrogen Arc Welding Equip- ment; Reciprocating Air Compressors; Arc Welder, Belt or Motor Drive, Stationary or Portable, Self- excited, Single-operator; Electric Heating Equip- ment for Industrial Ovens. Finishing Research Laboratory Service. Finishing Research Laboratories, Inc., Chicago, Ill. A fine illus- trated booklet describing a consulting. and testing laboratory service dealing with the application of fin- ishes of all kinds to any type of surface. It covers plan surveys, inspection, testing, instruction, books, sales research and general research services, each be- ing carefully described. Tell Tale Tales. By Frederic B. Stevens, president, Frederic B. Stevens, Inc., Detroit, Mich. A fine 96- page book of essays and stories by one of the coun- try’s leading manufacturers of foundry facings, platers’ and finishers’ supplies and allied products. Mr. Stevens writes well, in a style calculated to ap- peal to the practical man in industry as well as to executives and others. This is another of the T Series, of which there have been nine books thus far, the first, “This and That,” appearing in 1915. Mr. Stevens is also the author of “The Milk in the Cocoanut,’ an article that appeared in THe MeETAL InNpustry last October, and now in “Tell Tale Tales.”
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—— re”! ULL em el ele January, 1929 BRASS WORLD Metal Prices, January 28, 1929 27 NEW METALS Copper: Lake, 17.125. Electrolytic, 17.00. Casting, 17.00. Zinc: Prime Western, 6.35. Brass Special, 6.45. Tin: Straits, 48.75. Pig. 99%, 47.875. Lead: 6.50. Aluminum, 24.30. Antimony, 9.625. Nickel: Ingot, 35. Shot, 36. Elec. 35. Pellets, 40. Quicksilver: flask, 75 Ibs., $120. Bismuth, $1.70. Cadmium, 95. Cobalt, 97%, $2.50. Silver, oz., Troy, 56.75. INGOT METALS AND ALLOYS REMORSE FOL at, ko oe A ees eae een bee 11Y%4tol3y% Eresh:> itgoth: ee nr ea Be SES 15 tol6% Broure- Tagots. 2. SAAS, FARA ee. 60k 5 16 to20 Cte Fatt PLIROVE. 5 oo -c o'n c's peek ch bs wa as as 21 to24 manganese’ Brouze Castings ©... 0. ciate ges dc pes sss 24 +040 Manganese Bronze Ingots... 00. 2 Oe eas 14 tol8 Manganese Bronze Forgings ...........ee-eeeeeeees 32 to42 Manganese Copper, 30%... 5... Sic eines Eee 25 to35 eee eee ree s ome aera Pe meren 28 Dire Bieta) BIOCKS . oo. 5 os 6 saaisa dateaaivis Keele 28 Parsons Manganese Bronze Ingots...............+-. 1614t01934 EE” SAOUNNNI oo gko es sis ks Kae aS oop EE Re 16%4tol8% Phosphor Copper, guaranteed 15% ................ 20 to23 Phosphor Copper, guaranteed 10% ................ 19 to22 Phosphor Tin, no. guarantee ...2....05. cee eee eed 60 to70 28 +032 Silicon Copper, 10%...... according to quantity...... Gold: oz., Troy, $20. 67. Platinum, o2z., Troy. $66.00. OLD METALS Buying Prices Selling Prices 13¥2tol334 Heavy Cut Copper .................05e 1494101494 1234tol13. Copper Wire, mixed................... 14 tol4% 1d 0611) Lage Conger.) eo 12 tol2% 10%4tol1034 Heavy Machine Composition ........... 12 tol2% 73%4to 8 Wemaye Drees is. os Fi RS 9Y%4to 9% Gyan 0% Lame Brass i525 os: . 6k cx. k.. ces 8 to 8% 734to 8 No.1 Yellow Brass Turnings .......... W4to 934 934tol0 No. 1 Composition Turnings......... .-. 1034toll SO 5H, “Meave Lead Gh... ot ee os 634to 7 epee, gave Goran 3 og So Swe 434to 5% 8 told Scrap Aluminum Turnings ............ 12%4tol4% 13 tol3%4 Scrap Aluminum, cast alloyed.......... 17'%4tol8Y% 19 to20 Scrap Aluminum sheet (new) .......... 22 to22% SS AO0. Ge Petrie ck ag es 4134t043%4 17 Ol ‘Nickel Anodes >. 28207 So 19 17% Ol ithe! shee err eee ee 1914 Wrought Metals and Alloys COPPER SHEET '™ Cis oes a ike stat 26c. to 27c. net base 27c. to 28c. net base Mill shipment (hot rolled) From Stock BARE COPPER WIRE 18%4c. to 185éc. net base, in carload lots. COPPER SEAMLESS TUBING 267%c. to 27%c. net base. SOLDERING COPPERS 300 Ibs. and over in one order ..........cceceees 24%c. net base 100 lbs. to 200 lbs. in one order ..............4.. 2454c. net base | ‘ZINC SHEET Duty sheet, 15% Cents per Ib. Carload lots, standard sizes and gauges, at mill, Bess 7 per Gent GiSCOUNE osc ons ce ns shustie 9.75 net base ROME SOUIETE, DICHOS al» coi s sede we hid'el> stew ates oa Be 88 10.25 net base Open Casks,: jobbers’ price .........0080. 10.75 to 11.00 net base ALUMINUM SHEET AND COIL Aluminum sheet, 18 ga., base, ton lots, per lb. ............ 33.30 Aluminum coils, 24 ga., base, price ............. cee eee eee 31.00 ROLLED NICKEL SHEET AND ROD Net Base Prices Cold Drawn Rods........ 53c. Cold Rolled Sheet....... 60c. Hot Rolled Rods........ 45c. Full Finished Sheet...... 52c. BLOCK TIN SHEET Block Tin Sheet—18”: wide or less. No. 26 B. & S. Gauge or thicker, 100 lbs. or more 1034c. over Pig Tin; 50 to 100 lbs., 15c. over; 25 to 50 lbs. 17c. over; less than 25 Ibs., 25c. over. SILVER SHEET Rolled sterling silver 5734 to 5934 per ounce, Troy. BRASS MATERIAL—MILL SHIPMENTS In effect Dec. 31, 1928 To customers who buy 5,000 Ibs. of more in one order. 7-————Net base per Ib. est ay Brass Low Brass Bronze Wire SERB ale oath is 5%: 21, ee a ie tile Ms cathe Seite” Gees 183 3 Staeed Cubist es in, 20 31 2 Open seam tubing ........... 29 3214 Angles and channels ......... .29 32% BRASS SEAMLESS TUBING 25%%c. to 267%c. net base. TOBIN BRONZE AND MUNTZ METAL Top. Breuhe Moe $6025 aie Se 23c. net base Muntz or Yellow Metal Sheathing (14”x48”) ... 21c. net base Muntz or Yellow Rectangular sheet other UTNE i ai oo hc bs oir es 22c. net base Mustz or Yellow Métal Rod -.....3.2 30. oe 19c. net base Above are for 100 Ibs. or more in one order. ———eeooOoOoooooooo————eeeeeeeeeeeeee NICKEL SILVER (NICKELENE) Net Base Prices Grade “A” Sheet Metal Wire and Rod 10%. Quality: oo coo. 2834c. 10% Quality ......... 31% c¢. EO Vraalty 5 oo; 30%c. 15% ‘Quality ..220.4.. 35t4c. 18% Cpt 3 a ick 31¥%c. 18% Quality. .....4... 383A Cc. MONEL METAL SHEET AND ROD Hot Rolled Rods (base) 35 Full Finished Sheets (base) 42 Cold Drawn Rods (base) 40 Cold Rolled Sheets (base) 50 BRITANNIA METAL SHEET No. 1 Britannia—18” wide or less, No. 26 B. & S. Gauge or thicker, 500 Ibs. or over, 8c. over N. Y. tin. price; 100 Ibs. to 500 lIbs., 10c. over; 50 to 100 Ibs., 15c. over; 25 to 50 Ibs., 206c. over; less than 25 Ibs., 25c. over. Prices f. 0. b. mill.
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28 BRASS WORLD Supply Prices, January 28, 1929 January, 1929 Fa SSS ANODES OS Oe a ee ee ee Te” 26:. c; pet: aD. Nickels 90-006 sous sca eetet |, 2h8 Ses an W. 45c. per Ib een Oar SF os Saad otk eee 2434c. per Ib. 9ST Te fens. se FGFC RE RSER OES 47c. per Ib. Rolled sheets trimmed fhe 6 eee 25t4c. per lb. 99% ee ee ee ee a 49c. per lb. NE Ee es eas * y fer de: Pe hae os Se eee 25 c. per lb. Silver: Rolled silver anodes .999 fine are quoted from 5934 to OE ETERS ORE LEELA CRAREVSTAEES IS 12%c. per lb. 6134c., Troy ounce, depending upon quantity. FELT POLISHING WHEELS WHITE SPANISH COTTON BUFFS = Und O i : Diameter Thickness 100 Ibs. 200 Ibs. 200 Ibs. Full Dise Open buffs, per 100 sections. 10-12-14 & 16” 1” to 3” $3.00/lb. $2.75/Ib. $2.65/Ib. 12” 20 ply 64/68 Unbleached.:.:................ $29.65 6-8 & over 16 1 to 3 3.10 2.85- 2.75 14” 20 ply 64/68 Unbleached........... Wee te 38.20 6 to 24 Under % 425 4.00 3.90 12” 20 ply 80/92 Unbleached............... 0000. 32.45 6 to 24 %4 tol 400 3.75 - 14” 20 ply 80/92 Unbleached...... 44.00 6 to 24 Over 3 3.40 3.15 3.05 i LS en Oe yee eRe he eet Cena oes © . 4 up to 6 Y%4 to 3 4.85 4.85 4.85 12” 20 ply 84/92 Unbleached................0... 42.50 4 up to 6 Over 3 5.25 5.25 5.25 14” 20 ply 84/92 Unbleached.................... 57.60 oT ti wear Y% to 3 5.45 5.45 5.45 12” 20 ply 80/84 Unbleached.................... 38.35 Under 4 Over 3 5.85 5.85 5.85 14” 20 ply 80/84 Unbleached................005. 52.00 Grey Mexican Wheel deduct 10c per lb. from White Spanish prices Sewed Pieced Buffs, per Ib., bleached............ 45c to 70c ee S————OOOOOOOhMaM{(ssSsoo «(5 (959090800 00 EE gs | CHEMICALS STR HRI AES As SRA ETE TET TL. eT Re Se a ES These are manufacturers’ quantity prices and based on delivery from New York City. .14-.19 Parton Iron Sulphate (Copperas), bbl. ...............00. Ib. 01% Acid—Boric (Boracic) Crystals ..........eeeeeees Ib. 08% Lead Acetate (Sugar of Lead) ..........0000005. Ib. 13% Chromic 100 and 400 lb. drums ................ Ib. .20%4-.21 Yellow Oxide (Litharge) ................0005. Ib. 12% Hydrochloric (Muriatic) Tech., 20°, Carboys. .lb. . 2 Mercury Bichloride (Corrosive Sublimate) ....... lb. $1.58 Hydrochloric, C. P., 20 deg., silteiies Ge ees vere lb. ; Nickel—Carbonate, dry, bbls. .............c0c000. Ib. .29 Hydrofluoric, 30% bbls. .........0.ceeeeceeeeeee Ib. .08 Chloride, “DONS: 0c 2s weaves egeus tie lyWs sie gs vee e Ib. 18 Sree SG COG, CATOOYS. ois es ces eet cece ee Ib. 06 Salts, single, 300 Ib. bbls. ................ yey Ib. 13 ee OP dep, carboys. 0..:...0i 0.5005. 08500- Ib. 07 Salts, double, 425 Ib, bbls. ............... 0.00 Ib. 13 ae 66 d . ib 02 POLAR... dle ednny ebaitese bint ea enh te 05-.06 Sulphuric, Oe CNS fas. vs toa eee Cag eee : : Phoaghorys-— Dany -S66e. meee Ab domeslonsotke aes ee eae paves ck ceieteiveontes Ib. .17%4-.21% Potash, Caustic Electrolytic 88-92% broken, ooo css vac c une centsestee gal. .48-.56 devien cc ei phae chee cde tb. oo Alum—Lump, Barrels .......+.0seseeeeeeeeeeeees Ib. 03% Potassium Bichromate, casks (crystals) REM RR Ib. 09% EE DO EES EE Oe Ib. .039 Carbopate,; (R6-SOFe... 6 Soko vin ka ca n8ow en gudcdagha Ib. .0634-.07 Aluminum sulphate, commercial tech.............. Ib. 023% Cyanide, 165 Ib. cases, 94-96% .............44. Ib. mee, Aluminum chloride solution in carboys............ Ib. 06% Pumice, ground, bbls. ...........+.. ss. e scenes Ib. 02% Ammonium—Sulphate, tech., bbls. ............000. Ib. 3.3 Quartz, powdered ................ Mere ton $30.00 NN pes pyres ss. cics «ticle df ose Ib. 65 Rosin, bbls. ns 6 nb ae hg see cha a ekENe Es Ce beae eae Ib. 04% : > Rouge, nickel, 100 Wc:lots .ivss Gas bens coais dveahes lb. 25 Arsenic, white, kegs ............ccceeceennereees Ib. 05 ; | ESS ee nen eer Ib. 35 Silver and Gold. ......-++..++ eee Ib. 65 “Te ; 60 Sal Ammoniac (Ammonium Chloride) in casks... .1b. 05% soe SENS ie ane eer a mare Swe, Kee, ee, SOD Me TRE i ure on donee Oz 46% Borax Crystals (Sodium Biborate), peauthabio cei ~ 04 Cyanide (firpctuntifie) 4. 66k can des ca xcecenciwes oz 57-.60 Calcium Carbonate (Precipitated Chalk).......... Ib. 04 Di strate, De OO FRR ae a ewe nna een Oz. 40 Carbon Bisulphide, Drums ..............+-+++-00: lb. .06 Cats Aiud SB Whee eo ee SR a, 2S ee lb. 02% ES EPA I ee eee ee lb. .28 Sodium—Cyanide, 96 to 98%, 100 Ibs.............Ib. 18 ES EO ees See ee ee lb. 37 Hyposulphtite, - kee oo. icsceewee esac xvewrxemes > ae meee f VOUGIeTi8) ~. ... pecs ssc ne Ib. 23 Nitrate, tech., BBIBA.. «2. od ide a, SE RES . 0434 a vids anes : ee ts eee eee Ib. .16%4-. “ Phosphate, tech., bbls. ........-.eseeeeeeeeeees Ib. ‘03% Cyanide (100 Ib. kegs) ..... .. ae eR lb. Silicate (Water Gises) Ol St GS ere Ib. ed OM 5 ore Li. ek sedges Jone lb. ai Sulpho Cyanide .......0.+s+seee eee eee eee eens Ib. 322 Cream of Tartar Crystals (Potassium Bitartrate) . .Ib. 27 Sulphur (Brimstone), bbls. ...........seseeeeees Ib. .02 re ete STEN. s fas ce eawdes Fe Ib. 15 Tin Chloride, 100 Ib. kegs.....-..seeeereeeeeenees Ib. 38 DINGY ee) he 994 se ib. .05-08 § Tripoli, Powdered ..........essseeeeeeeeeee teens Ib. 03 NE is ins g gin bie Vio Sand shore Ib. 06 Wax—Bees, white, ref. bleached ........-.+.+++. Ib. 60 NSE OM IE TAGE ECE ER ET ton $30.00 Yellow, No. 1 ...... see eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeneenes Ib. ai Fluor-spar (Calcic- fuoride) © iw. os ic coe ean ees ton $70.00 Whiting, Bolted ....... ce cee ee eee eee teen eens Ib. 2°. ey So ois « SE sis.s. be. CAMS wigan a ea he gal. $4.45 Zinc Carbonate, bbls. ....... 65. e eee e ee eee eens Ib. Al PT Tr Ae eee eee CE ee ES ee oz. $14.00 Chloride; casks .o.ocicowew sts otek ols ob beece dno Ib. 0634 Gum—Sandarac ...........-- Sa epuins Biles sk cues Ib. 26 Cyanide (100 Ib. kegs) ..0..... sess eeeee se eeees Ib. Al ee cn whe ube thee we ohooh acer Ib. .59-.61 Sulphate, DbIS. 2.0... cccdedecceteccscuncdaus Ib. 033%