The London magazine, or, Gentleman's monthly intelligencer, Volume 22

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The London magazine, or, Gentleman 's monthly intelligencer

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THE PREFACE I D not Cuftom and Prefcription plead for it, an annual Preface to a Work, fo well known, approved, and eftablilhedj as the LONDON MAGAZINE, would be totally unneceflary, as it muft generally be the fame Thing over and over again, like writing an Ode to the Sun every New Year : Which though in itfelf a noble Subjedt, and what for Three or Four Years would afford great Variety of Entertainment, yet if purfued for Twenty Years together, would certainly grow dull, trite, and difgufting. For as the Poet who fliould write on the Sun, after having confidered, and difplayed the glorious Nature and Properties of its Light, the won- drous Powers of its prolifick Heat, the Change and Re- newal of Seafons, and the furprizing Variety and Beauty of thofe numerous Produ&ions which every Month owe their Birth to its enlivening Rays, muft certainly, in Tinie, find his Subjeft fo exhaufted that he will be a obliged Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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The PREFACE, obliged to repeat the fame Words he hath fpokeft, and to tread in the Steps he hath trodden before : So the Writer of fuch an annual Preface as this, after above Twenty Years Travel, finds it equally difficult and per- plexing to ftrike out any Thing new in fo beaten a Path. However, let us take up again the preceding Allufion, and try what we can do with it. Apollo, or the" Sun, in a Mythological View, is the God of Wit. As fuch he is our Patron ; as fuch we- pay him Homage and Daily Adoration. The Twelve Months are the twelve immortal Priefts who wait around his Throne in varied Veftments, prefenting to his Hands the Hecatombs of Wit, which we twelve Times a Year feletf , a grateful Offering to the Muses, who compofe his Court ; and who in Return for this agreeable Prefent, implore their Patron to infpire our Friends with every ufeful Art, with every Grace and Elegance of Compofnion, and with the trueft Tafte and Judgment to direct their Choice in this Collection. Such a friendly Corre- fpondence as this being fettled with theCourt of Apollo where can thePublick exped to find fo polite, fo learned! fo elegant, fo various an Entertainment as in the LONDON MAGAZINE? Explanation of the FRONTISPIECE. ^URIOSITY, guided by PRUDENCE, impeding -fli,^ LL0ND0N Maca2,ne, placed on die Back of iis&jsr HIST0RY is rccwdii,s * ■* * Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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CONTENTS. and k&unsr of St. Lawrence J#*fy ■ ■■■ made dean of Canterbury ibid: — the affair between him and lord Ruffcl ibid. C, 8c 3} ■■ ■■ made dean of St. Paul's* and archbifliep of Canterbury rt 33 — - — hit death and private charities 34 Objections to a folution of a mathemati- cal qucftion ibid. A remark on Mr. Freke's Treatife on the Nature and Property of Fire ibid. D Obfervatiens on gold and filvelace 35 The feveral fortt of filver ore ibid. E, and Obfervattons on oaths and the horrid crime of perjury 36 Poetet. Ianthe and Iphis, a fong new ' fet to mufick 37 A new country dance 38 Trandation of a poem In the Mufet Angli- can*, intitkd, Dantur SpeRm, by Mr* . Hackett 3S A paftoral dialogue 39 Ode for new- year** day, by CoHey Cib-* ber, Efqj 48 Hey for the foioeror ! ibid* Epitaph on Mrs. Colquhoun of Lufs ibid, TheMoHTitT Cm mo wo log Em, 41 Account of an engagement between the Twigtwees and French Indians in Ame- rica ibid. Addrefs of the merchants, traders and citizens of Dublin ibid. Dublin yearly bill of mortality 4a Opening of the prefect feolon of parlia- ment ibid* Remarkable accidents ibid. Oath of the fcavengerf, queftmen, &c difpenfed with ibid. Seffions at the Old Bailey ibid. Weftminfter election begun and finifhed 4*> 45 General court of the S. S. company 43 Marriages and births ibid* Deaths, particularly of Sir Hans Sloan* 43* 44 Ecclefiaftical preferments 45 Promotions civil and military ibid. ' Alterations in the lift of parliament ibid. Perfons declared bankrupts ibid* Prices of flocks and grain $ wind, wea- ther 46 Monthly bill of mortality ibid Fobeicx ArrAin 47 A catalogue of books 4* The Propoftlfor making an efefhuil Pnvifanfir the P*r : By Henry Fielding MJjf^JbaM ke eonfidered in our next.—Our Poeticsl smd •tier Cerrefrtndents are defied U fend tkmr Piece* as early in tbt Mentb aifefbk, in order f their king inferred in Time. In January was Puhlijbed, AN APPENDIX to the LONDON MAGAZINE for 1751, wit* a Beautiful FRONTISPIECE, a General Titii curioufly engraved, Compleat Inpbxes, and feveral other Things, neccfiry to be bound up with th« A Magnanimous Latin4peech of queen Elizabeth in anfwer to the Polifti ambaflador's, with an Engliih tranflati- on, and proper remarks 3, 4, Copy of the memorial prefented by the PrufHan minifter, concerning the Silefia loan , 4—4 Obfervatiens on the time for keeping Chriftmas 6 Some account of the late Sir Hans Sloane, Bart. ibid. A defcription of Weftmoreland 7, 8 The Journal of a learned and political Clui, Sec. continued 9—19 Debate on a new fubfidy treaty with the king of Poland, elector of Saxony ibid. Sr ei ch of Servilius Prifcus in favour of the treaty g SrzEcn of Pomponius Atticus againft the treaty, but in favour of the motion for a fubfidy 1 a Difpute between the electors and tho princes of the empire upon the queftion, who (hall judge of the neceflity of elect- ing a king of the Romans ' 13, 14 Speech of Quintus Mucius in favour of the treaty 15 Danger of the empire's being without a head • 16 Life and character of Chriftina, queen of Sweden 19, 20 A letter of Madam de Maintenon so her brother 21 Another letter of hers, giving an account of the laft ncknefs and death of Lewis XIV. aa The life of Sir Francis Bacon 43—16 Account of a new paper, caUed The Womin 26 Modefty and Aflbrance, a fable 27 Subftance of his majefty's fpecch at the opening of the fcflion %% The lords addrefs, with the king's anfwer a5, 29 Tlie commons addrefs, with his majefty's anfwer 29 Affecting ftory of Conftantia ibid. F. &c. Tiie countryman's complaint againft the game laws 31 The life of Dr. John Tillotfon, archbi/hop of Canterbury J*~34 ■ bred up amongft the diflenters, but conforms to the church at (he re- iteration 32 • chofen preacher at Lincoln** -Inn, 'olume. Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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THE * London' Magazine. JANUARY, 1753. Vj*n OceaJUn of the preftnt Diffute with Pruffia, the following Anecdote from the Biftory of Queen Elizabeth muft, wo think, be agreeable to our Readers. . URING the war carried on by that wife and glori- ^ ou$ queen againft Spain, fcveral of the Swedim and Dantzick mips had been Prized by our (hips of war, on account of their being loaded with contraband goods for Spain, and probably fome exceflea had B then likewife been committed, as there always are upon fuch occafions. Upon this Sigifmund, King of Poland and Sweden* lent Pautus de Jalinc, his ambaffador, to queen Elizabeth, to de- mand (atisfadion, which- at his firft au- dience he began to do in Latin, the only language then ufed upon fuch occafions ; C but be did it in fuch a high tone and haughty manner, that the queen cut him fcort with the following extempore an* fwer in Latin. Hen quam daccfta fit ! Bxpeclavi nun* than : tie vera fnerelam mi hi adduxifli j per Uteres te accept ejfe legatunt, te verb beraldum invemo. Nunquam in vita talent orgtionem rv aadivi. Mir or, fan} miror, t ant am tt tarn tufditam in publico audaciam ; neque puto, fi rex tuns adejjet* taiia verba protu/tffet : Sin diqtdd tale tibi in mandatis contmifi (quod fndem vaUa dub: to) tribuendum, quid cum rue Jit jwvenis, & non tarn jure fangttinjs January, 1753. fuam eleflionis, atque etiam noviter eleelus, non tarn ben} percipiat quid inter reges convenit, fuam majorttjui nobifcum obfervarunt, & alii fortajfe deinceps obfervabunt, Shied ad te at- tinety widens multos libros perlegiffe, fibres tame* frincipum am atligtj/e, neqne intelligere quid inter reges convenit. Cum vero jus na~ turee, 6f gentium commemeras ; hoc fcito ejfe jus naturae & gentium, ut cum bellum inter reges intertcdat, liceat alteri alterius undique allata praffdia intercipere, et ne in damnum fuum ctmvertantur, praevidere : Hoc fcito ejje. jut naturae & gentium ; ubi itidem domum Auftriet narrat (quant jam tanti facitj non , te lateat ess eadem domo non defuije qui reg- num Pc Ion tie regi tuo intercipere voluijfcnt. De reliquis, qua? cum multafunt & fngulatim deliberandi, non funt bnjus loci ac ten.psris, accipies quod a quibufdam confiliariis buic rci defignatis deliberandum fuer it. Interim valeat 6f quiefcas* This anfwer runs in Englifli thus : How much am I deceived ! I expecled a*n envoy, but thou haft brought me a challenge. By thy credential letters, I took thee to be an ambaffador, but 1 find thou art a herald. In all my life I never heard fuch a fpeech. 1 am furprifed, I am really amazed at fo great and fo un- ufual impudence in publick 5 nor do I think that thy mafter, had he been here himfelf, would have made ufe of any fuch language. But, if there be any fuch thing in his inftru&ions to thee, as lie is a young king, not by hereditary right, but by election, and even but lately elect- ed, 1 muft impute it to his being unac- quainted with that language which is «A 2 i-ioper Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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4 A remarkable Speech of Queen Elizabeth. Jan.* proper among fovereigns, and which his legation of his snajefty the king of Pruf-* ancestors have always obferved towjads fia, is obliged to remind your excellency tis, and his fuccciTors from henceforth of the pr effing follicitations employed by probably will. As to what relates to himfelf and predeceiTor, at feveral times, thyfelf, thou feemeft to have read many for obtaining from the equity, and thro% books, but never to have looked into the the jufttce of the miniftry of this court, book of princes, nor to under/land what the fatisfaclion which the Prufllan mer- is decent among fovereigns. But fmce ^ chants have demanded, of being indem« thou talkeft of the law of nature and nificd for the violences and depredations rations, know, that when war breaketh they have fuftained from fome of the out between two kings, they are, each Engliih privateers, during the laft. war. of them, warranted by the law of na- Your excellency will remember/ that ture and nations, to intercept all fupplies thefc merchants had fome their fhips brought to the other, let them come from taken from them, fome their effects forced whence they will, and to take care tfcat no away, others had them detained 5 and fuch fupplies may be made ufe of a^ainft _ altho* it was evidently made appear, that themfelves. Know this to be the law. of B none of them dealt in contraband trade, nature and of nations. Where again thou theyihave not hitherto been able to ob- talkeft of the fioufe of Auftria> which tain any redrefs, neither from the EngliOi fliou now buildeft fo much on, thou art tribunal* to whom they applied, nor from not ignorant, that there was not wanting the government, before which they laid of that houfe, one who defigned to in- their complaints t And that, by a fingu- tercept from thy king the kingdom of larly ftrange contradiction, whan even Poland •. As to the reft, being nume- thole tribunals found no fpecious pretext reus and fuch as mu/l be particularly C *°r confiscating their mips and cffc&sf confidered, they arc not proper for this and confequently difcovered the injuftice tim« or place : The refolutions of the of the prize, they neverthelefs did not commiflioners appointed for this purpofe fail to condemn the proprietors In cofts, mall be communicated to thee. In the to the behoof of the privateers, and le- mean time fare thee well, and be quiet. viable upon the capture. Thus did that great princefs anfwer a " ™e Iaw* of «y»ty ought incontefUbly powerful king, who only talked in a * b? the fame for all nations ; and an manner which me thought infolent j and D ?n?!,(hman 0U8hJ. t0 f^ t*ie finding a illis remarkable, that this fpirited anfwer U *" «**> fa'tb and mutual com- made a feparate peace with Spain ; and rocrc* ^nd cftabliflied between nation when there was a dangerous rebellion in „ an.d n*,tlon * \tt a,foi uPon '}"' ^ Ireland, headed by the famous Ter-Owcn, E P"™Ple' that the merchants of Europe and fopported by Spain. "»*£* ™th thcur neighbours, and that And Speed, who gives us this anecdote, the Engl, 0, nation carries on fo advao- tells us, that having ended her oration, tagcous a commerce. All countries look flie lien like rifing, daunted the malapert on '*? ties of equity as facrcd and m- orator no Iefs with her ftately port and *°Uble, and they refpeft them at home. majeftick departure, than with the tart- tl}* ^ ™V ***"? tbc b ^ * na" forced this day to fcour up my old Latin tl0n fo fu" %( ™blc '«"»"»• fo gene- that hath long lain rufty." rous al •"* *»&*•* ™"W ** "° **T I .# • , ,iv * culty to obtain for his fubje&s the fatif- In cur Magazine for loft Tear, f. 603, we ftaion that was due to them ; and your raw t\x Subjlance of what the King of cxccll€ncy will remember, that, in cafe Pruffia calk an Expofuion of his Mo- 0f a rc(uMf the intimation was not omit- tives for detaining Part of the Silcfia tcd^ that hl$ ma}eity, the king of Pruf- Uant fo rV*y cf Competition fir the &a- q fu> woukl ^j bimfe|f obliged (tho' with bu& done to his Subjefo m the Lft War by regret) i0 feize thtf capitai fi,nds for our Prwateers. Aid r.nv e JhaU gi-vi a which the dutchy of Silefia ftood mort- ^ytftle^tmonrAfrcJmedlylnMini. gaJ^ to the Eng|im, efpecially as his fter b:re upon that Suhjccl, asfoffews, viz. majony had no other means of indemn»- 1T is by order of the king his mailer, fying lu> fybieel;, that the underfigned fecrctary tp the The • *fte archduke Maximilian of jiufrut, brother to the em+eror Jthodohb Ht bad dajfuied tie frown with Stgijmund. Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1753- Memorial ef /^Pruffian Minister^ 5 The intentions of the king my mafter jec"ts, upon that of each merchant fepa- are pure : His majefty was determined to rately^ whence it refults, that of 239,250 fotfB, with all integrity, the engagements crowns, which thofe merchants reckoned he has contracted with the Englifh na- due to them, the commiflion ha? adjudged tion, and acquit the debts incumbent on to them no more than 159,486 crowns, him ; bat he is determined at the fame 20 gr, principal, and 33,283 crowns in- time to make good to his fubje&s the tereft, at the rate of 6 per cent. protection which he owes them. ^ Tho* his majefty has, all the reafon to That his majefty might precipitate no- be perfuaded, that the faid commiflion oing in an affair of this nature, and in has proceeded according to the forms of •rder to afford the En glim government the moft impartial juftice, his majefty time enough for reflection, his majefty has, neverthelefs, ordered the under - continued discharging the Silefia loan un- iigner to declare, in the prefent memo- til payment of the la ft term 5 but when rial, that his majefty is difpofed to have fcs* mitefty (aw that neither the equity of any contefted fa&s examined afrefti by his demands, that neither time, reafons, the faid commiflion, if any officers, or nor repeated importunities, produced any » English privateers, who (hall believe effect, in favour of the Pruifian mer- themfelves wronged thereby, think pro- chants, the king thought himfelf obliged per to interfere therein, and to get the to have recourfc to the laft measure that judgment altered, in cafe the allegations remained in his power, that of deducting of the party, fo complaining, lhould be from the money due to theEnglim the found valid. turn which his fubjecls demanded for The king fixes, for the exhibition of their indemnification. thefe allegations, the term of three The fame law that obliges us to the fair Q months, reckoning from the day of this dealing of paying our debts, authorizes us declaration. As the lift of the feveral to exact the fame meafure of juftice from captures annexed to this memorial con- cur debtors. What a Angularly ftrange tains the names of thofe who made them, fort of law would that be, that mould his majefty refers it to the good pleafure regulate all in favour of one fide, and no- of the Britifh government, in what man- tling in favour of the other ? In this af- ner it fhall be proper to inform the parties fair, however, the point in agitation is of the judgment pronounced, that they not even what is owing from the Englifh p. may enter their complaint againft it ac- ta the PrufTians, but what is forcibly ** cording to law. If, neverthelefs, the faid with-held from them. If it is but juft to term lapfes without any one's interpofinr pay one's debts, it is yet more fo to repair in his own vindication, his majefty wifi the damages one has occasioned by one's § abide by the deciee of his council, and own fault, and with premeditated defign. in purfuance thereof, will order the de- After reafons fo ftrong, after having, duction of the fum adjudged to his fub* in vain, demanded reparation from thofe jeers, including the intereft thereon at who alone could make it, is there any 6 per cent, until the 10th of July of the colour whatever for pretending, that the £ current year 5 which faid deduction, fo king fhould give up his own fubjecls ? ordered from the money due to the EngU/h, And could he do it, even if he would ? amounts to 194,725 Brandenburg crowns, He ewes the laft term to the Englifh ; he 4 gr. and 5 deniers, and is to be applied flops it, and, after having acquainted the to the indemnification of the Pruifian British government upon all occafions, of merchants. His majefty at the fame time the meafures his majefty could not but declares, that he is ready to order a re- indifpenfabSy take, he appointed a com* mittance to be made to the commiflioncrs minion to judge, with impartiality, and p of the Silefia loan, of the refidue of what with a rigid exacrnefs, the pretentions of is owing upon that claim, both on ac- tbe Proflian merchants. At the head of count of the capital, and of the intereft tjus commiflion too his majefty placed a growing thereon, at the rate of 7 per man, whom to name, fCfflkes to fan&ify cent, to the tenth of July of this prefent the whole procedure. The then high year. Always provided, that the faid chancellor (Cccceii) three mmifters of commiflioners fhall produce an authentick ftaie, and feveral counfellors of juftice, releafe for the faid principal and intereft. have examined the claims cf the mer- In cafe that, againft all expectation, chants, and Kquida:ed their juft amount. n they mail in England refufe to come into Tois commiflion having terminated this ^ this fo equitable a regulation, I am to affair, the ond^r-figner has the honour to declare to your excellency, thajc the king pr^ienr, enclofed herewith, to your ex- will order the faid fum to be jertficialJyde- ceifercy, copies of the decrees given upon, livered to his chamber of juftice in Berlin, ths different claims of the Pruflian fub- there to remain in depofite, tiH it mall pleafe Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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Wenrations on the lime for keeping council of Nice, (which was held in the Christmas. q ycar of chrift ^%, by al| the tamed THERE AS a great many people bifhops in Chriftendom, for the fettling of did work on the 25th of lad De- Eafter, and condemning Arianifm) at camber, an a fuppofition that it was not which time the fpring Equinox (that is, w Chriftmas-day, and did keep Old Chriii- the time when the fun is in the Equino&i- mas-day (as they term it) either thro* ig- al line, making the days and nights of norance or obftinacy, I (hall endeavour equal length) was on the 20th of March $ to put them right in that matter, as fol- but fince that time, by reafon of the lows x feafons running back, the fpring Equi- Firft, as to the keeping of ChriAmas- D nox was got back to the 9th of March 5 day, it was not kept at all until the fecond which now by our cutting off 11 days, century, and then (as (he learned Dr. has brought it up again to where it was Cave obferves) it was kept on the fame at the council of Nice. So that if we had day as the Epiphany, until St. Chryfof- kept Chrtflmas-day at the fame feafon of torn (who lived in the fourth century) and the year as it was kept by the primitive fome others of the primitive fathers of Cbriftians, we fhould have kept it on the Chriftianity looked into it j and by the 14th of December, and not on the 25th. beft intelligence they could get, it was on g Therefore we are now much righter than the 25th of December. And . Clemens we were before. Alexandras (another of the primitive fa- John Baknztt. thers) fays, it is either on the 25th or p. S. As to the ftory of the bees al- 2,6th of the fame month j and the lame ways fwarming on Chriftmas-eve, — which father tells us, in the fame place, that to admire moft, the induilry of that there were fome who more curioufly fearch- wonderfuHnfetl, or the fimplicity of fomo ing after Chrift's nativity, affixed it to old women, I know not 5 1 knew they the 16th of May. Hence we may fee were very induftrious, but never knew bow little certainty there is in this mat- F they were fo wife as to know when ChruVs ter, fince fo foon after the event the learn- nativity was before, ed were divided in their opinions concern- »*-»»« ™ jr# Some Account of the celebrated Sir HANS Secondly, as to Chriftmas- day's being S L O A N E, Bart, lately deceafid. (See now kept at the fame feafon of the year as P» 44*) it was by the primitive Christians, I (hall Q I R Hans Sloane, Bart, was born at prove as follows : O Killelagh, in the county of Down Julius Caefar, (the firft Roman empe- q in Ireland 5 but his third after know- ror) about 46 years before the birth of ledge tempted him to remove from thence Chrul (by the advice of his learned men) in his youth, in order to employ hi* made a reformation in the kalendar, talents in a more extended fcene of life, (which was then very defective) and made better adapted to his genius, and more the ycar to ccniift cf 365 days anfl 6 hours, fcrviceable to the gocd of mankind. He. 5 t*Ua Digitized by VjOOQ iC

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1753- Memoirs of Sir HANS SLOANE, tfc. y tells us hinifclf, that from hit youth, and dodor of phyfick of the Uaiveriity of he wis much delighted with the ftudy Dublin, *c. of plants and other pain of nature, and Such honours had be received at home had feen noil of thole kind of curiofities and abroad. But nothing fo fully dif- that were to be found either in the fields, plays the grandeur of his mind as his or m the gardens or cabinets of the immenfe and rare collections. His library, curios* in and about London, where ho confiding of upwards of 41000 volumes pndifcd phyfick. The duke of Albe- ^ of printed books, is perhaps the fuileft auarJe having obtained the fupreme com- and moil curious in the world with re- mand of Jamaica, Ac. employed Dr. gard to the feveral branches of natural Berwick' his phyfician, to look out for hiftory and phyfick j add to which abov* one to take care of aim and his family $000 volumes of manufcripts, relating in cafe of ficknefs. Upon application chiefly to enquiries of the fame nature, to Dr. Sloane, the opportunity feemed His muieum is Aored with fuch vaft rari- fech as he wonted, in order to view the ties, both natural and artificial (amount* places and things he defigned, and at ing, as it is faid, in the year 1733, to the fame time to profecute his profeflion. » 69,35a particulars, including his MSS.) Be embraced the offer, and having con- that we may venture to proclaim it the dbions fettled to his (atisfa&ion,. he began moil valuable private collection (perhaps his voyage on Sept. 12, 1687, vifited publick one) that ever yet has appeared A of the Caribbceifiands, and at length upon earth. Thofe treafures, tho' coU arrived at Jamaica. As his principal mo* le&ed at his private expence, have not live to Cots dangerous voyage was a been appropriated to his own pleafure meal for the advancement of natural alone* Mankind has enjoyed the be- knowledge, he there employed all the Q nefits of them, and his noble mind never hours be could spare from the duties differed him to refufe their ufe to whe- of his profemon in fearchmg after the ever at home or abroad was defirous of productions of nature, which he care* fatisfacsion or improvement from thorn, felly defcribed in a Journal. In order U make his inquiries ufeful to ^tbe > pub- ^Dtlbription^ WESTMORELAND, hck, he dried fair femples of all fuch With * itcuo *nd corr, grew into high repute for his learning, who in the prefent parliament are Sir candour and publick fpirit; was made John Ramfden, Bart, and Handle Wi.'- preiident of the Royal Society, and Col- braham, Efq; It is partly in the dufeefe legt of phyficians, London, firft phy- of Carlifle, and partly in that of Chef- fician to his majefty K. George I. (who ter ; and is divided into two parts, viz, created him a baronet) and to his prefent the baronies of Kendal and Weftmore- majefty king George II. But England land ; and thefe again are fubdivided was not alone fenfible of his merit $G into conftablewicks and wards, but he was courted by foreigners, and created not into hundreds, having antiently paid member of the Academy of Sciences at no fubfidies, as they were furhcieut- Peteriburgh, of the Academy of Sciences ly charged with border- fervice againft the at Fans, Madrid and Berlin, fellow of Scots. The air of this county is general- the College of Phyficians at Edinbur^,.' ly ftwrp j and the barony of Kendal, fo I . tailed Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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8 A Description of Westmoreland, - Jan* called from the river Can or Ken, is moun- deep crofs cut on each fide, thought t» tainous and barren, bat has fome fruitful - have been a boundary between England' valleys : That of Weftmoreland, fo call- and Scotland. ed becaufeit lies weft of the hills thatdi- 5. Amblefide, 16 miles S. W, of Or- vide it from Yorkfiure, and for its low ton, has a clothing trade, and a market fituation, is a champain country 20 miles on Wednfe/days. long and 14 broad, has much arable land, 6. Kendal, 13 miles S. E. of Amble- and even their moors and commons, call- p^ fide, has an harbour for boats or the ed fells, are capable of being cultivated. river Ken, over which are two ftone The chief rivers in tfiis county are the bridge?, befides one of timber. It hr a Zden, Lone, Ken, and Eimot ; and large, fair, trading town, particularly for Winander-meer is by fome reckoned to it, the manufacture! of cottons, cloths, tho* by others to Lancashire. It gives ti- druggets^ hats, (lockings, &c. K. James I* tic of earl to the family of Fane. > changed their old charter for a new one, . The market- towns are, 1. Appleby, by which he placed the government of 217 computed, and 279 meafured miles the town in a mayor, t2 aldermen, and N. W. of London, antiently a ftfong and 1**24 burgefles, or common- council men, populous city, and thought to be the Sec. It is pleafantly fituated in a good air, Roman Aballaba. Henry I. gave this' and confjfb of two great ftreets err fling town equal privileges with York, and one another, where is a great market 00 Henry II. confirmed them. In Hen- Saturdays for previfions, and alfo a great ry IIIdTs time, it had a court of Exche- bead market once a fortnight. In this quer. In Edward UVs time, they had a town are feven trading companies, viz. mayor and two provofls, who feem to mercers, (heermeri, cordwainers, tanrers, have been (heriffs : But the town was ruin- Q glovers; taylors, and pewterers 5 each of ed by the frequent inroads of the Scots, which have an hall to meet in. It has a who burnt it down, and it never recovered large and beautiful church, with five rows itsantient fplendor; fo that it is now only of pillars in it ; and 12 chapels of eafe, a fmtll market -town of little note, tho* with a good free-fchool, well endowed, pleafantly fituated on the river Eden, hav- with exhibitions for the fcholars in ing the afflzes held here in the town-hall, QueenVcollege, Oxford. It has given and being the only town in the county title of baron and earl to feveral preat that fends members to parliament. *Tis «. families, and that of duke to the third governed by a mayor, recorder, 12 alder- ** fon of James duke of York, who died men, a common-council, and ferjeants at young : Since which prince George of mace. It has ftill the fame privileges as Denmark had the title of earl of Kerdal j Y*rk, and they have a tradition, that this and in 1719, K. George I. created Me- town had a mayor, while London had lufina Erengard Schuienberg dutchefs of only a bailiff. The market is on Satur- Kendal. . The clothing trade was firft day, efteemed one of the be ft in all the, fettled here by K. Edward III. who north for corn. brought over divers Dutchmen to inftrutt 2. Brough, Brough under Stanmore, E the Englifh, and placed them in feveral •r Mjtrket- Brough, 8 miles E. of Apple- counties for that purpofe. by, a fmall town, but divided into two 7. Burton, 10 miles S. of Kendal, fi- parts, viz. the Upper or Church-Brough, tuate on the utmoft fouthern point of on account of tke church's {landing there, this county, bordering on Lancafirire, where alfo is a fine caflle ; and the Lower, and having a market on ThurflUys. called alfo Market Brough, from its hav- 8. Lonfdale, or Kirby-LonfdaJe, on ing the market in it, which is held on the river Lone, 10 miles N. E. of Burton, Thurfday, and is pretty confiderable. p a .pretty large town, with a woollen ma- 3. Kirby-Steven, or Kirkby-Steven, on nufafture, and a market on Toefdays. the river Eden, 4 miles S. of Brough, Several Roman antiquities have been is a noted town for (locking -weavers, difcovered, and there are feveral Kt man and has a good market on Fridays. A monuments in this county. Miltf orp, littfe fouth from hence Hes Wharton- Hall, at the mouth of the river Ken, is the with a park and barony, that gave title only fea-port in this mire, commodities to the late unfortunate duke of Wharton's being imported hither from Lancafhire in ancestors ever fince the 3 5th of Henry VIII. (mail vefTels. At Levens, a mile north , And farther eaft lies Hartley -caftle, the G there is a fair (lone bridge over the Ken, feat of the Mufgraves, a very ancient and a fpring, called the Dropping- well, and honourable family in this county. that petrifies mofs, wood, leaves, &c. 4. Orton, 10 miles W. of Kirby-Ste- AndatRoumhwait, in this county, there ven, has a weekly market $ and 4 miles is a fpring which cafts up fmall pieces re- iouth of it it Brandretty ftone, with a fembling filver fpanglcs. JOUR. Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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J753- 9 JOURNAL of the Proceedings and Debates in the Political Club, continued from p. 549, of our laft Year's Magazine. rendering that meafure effectual. Jam new to giatrman% ^ pr0per t0 navc the concurrence SIR, of the whole electoral college, or THE treaty between his ma- B at lead of as many of them as can jefly and the ftates gene- poffibly be procured ; and for this ral on the one part, and purpofe it was neceiTary, among th* the king of Poland, elector of Sax* very firft, to gain the king of ony, on the other, concluded v at Poland, elector of Saxony, not only Drefden the 1 3th of September laft, as being one of the moft powerful having been referred to this com- electors, but as being one of th* mittee, I now rife up to move for C two vicars of the empire, granting fuch a fum to his majefty, It was upon this maxim, Sir, that as may be neceflary for enabling him his majefty entered into the nego- to make good the engagements he tiation for the treaty now under has entered into by that treaty ; and oar confideration ; and the maxim I cannot foppofe, that it will be was fo apparently wife and juft, that neceflary for me to make ufe of-, the Dutch, without any difficulty many arguments for inducing the1^ not only approved of it, but alfo houfe to comply with the motion agreed to bear a proportionable mare I am to make ; becaufe this treaty, 0f the expence, notwithftanding the with the king of Poland, was a na- prefent low ftate of their finances* tnral and indeed a neceflary confe- and the heavy debt they now labour Soence of that with the elector of under. That wife people are fully avaria, which was laft feffion fo » fenfible of the dangerous confe- wifely approved of by a great ma- quence of a new vacancy in the jority of this afiembly. The pro- imperial throne, therefore they riding againft a vacancy of the im- rightly judge, that it ought to be perial throne, by getting the eldeft guarded againft at any expence ; ton of the prefent emperor chofen and confidering the difputes ftill king of the Romans, was then1 fubfifting between this nation and thought to be a meafure fo necef- p France as well as Spain, we have more fary for fecoring the peace of Eu- * reafon than the Dutch to be afraid of rope, and preferving the balance that danger; for the freedom and inde- of power, that few gentlemen feem- pendency of the Dutch is of iuch an ed to grudge any expence that immediate concern to all the princes might be found to be neceflary for of Germany, that if France and H— * P ■ Spain mould attempt to conquer January, 1753. B Hol-

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jo Proceedings 0/ /A* Political Club, 6?.-. c.d to the civil war among them- for us, even with the bell intelligence, • vr:, cfpecially if we had before to prevent its being in the power of > "v.;t cur.'elves quite indifferent a* France and Spain to fteai out their 1 .ut their concerns, and had re- (hips and attack us with a fuperior : 10 lupport a war Of any con- tion, it will be abfohitely fteceflary »':i;i:ce againft the united power for us to have always a confederacy < r . 7 nee and Spain, and probably upon the continent ready to attack me whole houfe of Bourbon, them by land, if they mould ever . • :■ cit a war they would certainly F openly attack us by fea or in A- ♦ -M d Portugal to refufe admit- merica. But if an inteftine war . ,<k" to our (hips of war into any fhould break out in Germany, would ;.; r pons, and might perhaps it be poflible for us to provide any k r. yA i !.at kingdom to join with fuch confederacy? And tvtry one 4.! <:i the war againft us ; for as knows, that nothing is fo likely to a * iugdom lies open to an at- . create an inteftine war in that coon- 1 : cm Spain by land, againft Q try as a vacancy in the imperial .1 we could give it little or no throne Therefore in the prefent se, it would be forced to re- circuroftances of Europe, there it k. i*: law from .the houfe of no nation in k, no not even Ger- n; and lee gtr'krccn con- many itfelf, that can have a greater ...i \*\ ct^&'f. u JLii« I concera Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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1753* Proceedings of lie Political Club, &fr. 1 t concern than we have, to prevent, entering into any treaty with Fr n - - . as far as is confiftent with the con- and he has fecured, as fir a« i^ •* * ftitution of the Empire, the pof- Client with the laws of Gerr.M y . fibihty of fuch a vacancy; and con- the concurrence of ih.it prince's \^ . . France, we know, is at g^cn: p»ins, but this was undtrdood by a'i • .-: and avail exper.ee, to giin and at- contr.icYiog parties, ard I am a ;; tach to her imereft, as many of the B vinced, will be as Lithful'v r*idi:s from fome fo- C tcrtft of Europe. reign Hue or other. The emprefs- I may therefore, I rhiok, row queen of Hangay is always obliged venture to Jay, Sir, that we' have c- to keep up fuch a numerous army cured not only the two vicars of tiic of regular troops, i.i ordci to oe ready empire, but two thirds of the E.\ c- te make head agiinlt any fjdden toral college, to concur intheckc irruption of the Turks, that fhe tion of a king of the. Romans ; and canoot fpire to gran; any fubfidies ; D consequently, I hope, nay, I tru:}., and the Rumans are m the very that the election will be brought o •, fame fixation ; conftquemly none and the archduke Jpfcph elected, of the princes in Germany can ex- before we meet here again in a new peft any fuliiidy, unlets it be either feffion. Nothing, I think, can pr-,* fori I farce and Sp.iin, or from vent it, unlefs it be a well ground d tn? Du:ch and us. Moil of them, p hope to get the elecliou made una- 2 h:.ve good reafon to believe, will nimous ; and ihis I have fome reafo i a^ept of a lets fubfidy' from us, to think far from being impractici than what has been offered, or may ble. J wi(h with all my hearc it m y hereafter bo offered by France | but be effeclcd ; for it is an end fo dt. if we fhouid be fo imprudently par- firable, that the leal! ground to Ik j.v fimonious ai to refufc to grant for attaining it, would fully compel them any <ucfijy, they wouM be o fate a delay for another year, if kh.u* obliged to accept of one Jrom France mould appear neceflary, which, I and Spain, and in confequence trull, it will not ; and therefore, i thereof they would be bound to hope, this will be th^ Kit txpei.cj join with thofe two crowns, per- which this nation may be obliged :<* haps againft the intereil of their put itfelf to for fecurmg, as iar c* native country, as well as againft human prudence can deviie, th? 'k.- that of Europe in general. • p ternal quiet of G:rmany, and c,;' Thus it apptars, Sir, that his courfe not only our own tranquillity, majeiiy had two mod prefling mo- but the free and uninterrupted polTc lives for concluding this fubfiJy treaty fion of our trade and our fettlemcn - with the king of Poland ; for he in every part of the world ; and ;: has thereby prevented that prince's we can purch:fu fuch a valuable 1. • being ieductd to the mxellity of B2 cur, ; I Digitized by VjOCK

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12 Proceedings of the Political Club, tic. Jan. curky for fuch a trifle of expence,- am one, might have laft year ap- I am fure, every gentleman muft al- proved of the treaty with Bavaria, low, that we have made a cheap and yet may now very much difap- purchafe ; for which reafon I (hall prove of this treaty with the king of conclude with moving, That alum. Poland. Even that with Bavaria I not exceeding 32,0001. be granted mould have d i fa pp roved of, if we to his majefty, to enable his maje- A had then had nothing dfe in view fty to make good his engagements but the election of a king of the Ro- wiih the king of Poland, elector of mans ; becaafe in every cafe where Saxony, purluant to treaty. this is the only view, the granting of a previous fnbfidy muft either be The next that fpih in this Debate unneceflary, or it muft tend to defeat, nvas Poroponius Atticus, that an immediate election of thd ALT HO' I have for many archduke Jofeph, as king of the Ro- years generally agreed in my mans, is abfolutely neceflary for the -fentiments with the Hon. gentleman fafety of his country, or he muft who fpoke laft, and altho' 1 now a- C think that no fuch immediate electi- gree with him in thinking, that it on is neceflary : If the former be would add to our fecurity, as well his opinion, he will immediately con- as the fecurity of the balance of cur in that election without any fub- power, to have the archduke Jofeph fidy from us : If the latter, he will chofen king of the Romans, yet I naturally conclude, that the fubfidy cannot agree with him in my opini- granted by us upon that fingle ae- on of this treaty ; for I not only D count, muft be continued until the think, that the nation is thereby to election be made, and that it will be put to a moft unneceflary expence, ceafe as foon as the election is over, but that the treaty itfelf is a very or at leaft as foon as the term expires, wrong meafure, becaufe it will ra- for which it was granted ; and in. ther prevent than forward the end confequence of this conclufion, he for which it is faid to be intended. will certainly find fome excufe or With regard to the expence, Sir, E other for putting off this election, it fhould have been confidered, that until it become? abfolutely neceflary the king of Poland is in circum- by the death of the prefent emperor, dances very different from thofe of Upon this, w ich I think a certain the elector of Bavaria. The family and inconteitable principle, let us of Bavaria had long had an attach- fee, Sir, ho*v the cafe will ftand with xnent to France, and might ttill have refpect to the king of Poland, as thought it their intereft to continue F elector of Saxony. That family, that attachment ; therefore, if there notwiihftanding the marriage of one had been no fuch thing as an electi- of their daughters to the dauphin, on of a king of the Romans in view, his certainly no attachment to the it would have been not only prudent, kingdom of France. On the con- but neceflary for us to grant a fubfidy trary ; whilft they are in poffeflion, to the elector of Bavaria, in order or have an expe&ation of the crown to withdraw that prince from his at- G of Poland, they muft court the favour tachment to France, and to fix him of the houfe of Auftria, and muft in the intereft of the houfe of Au- be for preferving the power of that ftria, and of this kingdom. For this houfe ; therefore, the prefent elector reafon many gentlemen, of whom I muft naturally be inclined to have H W-- - -, fir. the Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1753- Proceedings if the Political Club, 6fr. 13 the archduke Jofeph chofen king of carry it by force of arms. The many the Romans ; and if this fubiidy had princes of the empire who have been not been granted, I am perfuaded, chofen kings of the Romans, and he would have been for bringing that yet never fucceeded to be emperors, election on as foon as poffible ; but or not till after cruel wars and great as he may not think this abfolutely bloodihed, is a convincing proof, Decenary during the prefent empe- A that the internal peace of Germany ror's life, our granting this fubiidy does not depend fo much upon the will make him refolve to concur in ceremony of chafing a king of the every excufe for delaying it as long Romans during the life of the reign- as poffible, in order to oblige us to ing emperor, as upon taking proper renew the fub&dy as foon as the pre* meafures for eftablifhing fuch a cordi- (ent term is expired ; for if there al union among the electors, as that be now any neceffity for chufing the B opon the death of the emperor they archduke Jofeph king of the Romans, may all unite in the choice of a fuc- tbat neceffity will become tvery ceffbr ; and I doubt much if our in- year the more urgent, the more the terfering fo openly, and at fuch an prefent emperor advances in years ,• expence, in the choice of a king of and coafequently if there be now any the Romans, be a proper method reafon for our granting fubfidies up- for eftablifhing that cordial union, on this account, that reafon will be C efpecially as it tends fo minifeftly to- ftronger three or four years hence, wards overturning the conftitution of and Hill much ftronger twenty years the empire, and rendering the Impe- hence, than it is at prefent. rial dignity hereditary, in the Au- I muft therefore be of opinion, ftrian family ; for there is no argu- Sir, that it is not prudent in us to ment for the neceffity of chufing a grant any fubiidy upon the fmele ac- king of the Romans that can be count of getting the archduke Jofeph jy made ufe of upon this occafion, but prefently chofen king of the Romans, what may be made ufe of with equal not only becaufe it will, as I have weight by every future emperor of faid, defeat the end intended, but that family, as foon as he has the becaufe, if we grant a fubiidy to any good fortune to have a fon ; and a one elector upon this account, every queftion has now been darted about other elector will expect the fame ; who (hall judge of this neceffity, and if we ihould grant fubfidies to £ that, I fear, may produce confuiion all, or to a majority of them, tt in the empire, becaufe it is a quefti- would render the election, when made, on that, 1 am convinced, neither fide precarious ; for it would furnifh the will ever give up to the other. French, and all fuch as might pleafe When 1 fay this, Sir, every gen- to join with them, with a plaufiblc tleman muft fuppofe, I mean the pretence for declaring it a void elec- difpute arifen upon this occafion be- tion. Sir, I had almoft faid a jjfti- p tween the electors and the princes of liable pretence ; for tho* in thefe fub- the empire. The former fay, that fidy treaties there be no exprefs ar- all queftions relating to the election tide ror obliging the contracting elec- of an emperor, or king of the Ro- tor to vote for the archduke Jofeph, mans, are to be determined by them yet every one knows, and it has been alone; and confequently, that the publicity declared in this houfe, that electors are at all times the fole fuch a ftipalation is understood, and q judges whether there be at any time is truly trie only confideration for our a neceffity for chufing a king of the granting the fubfidy ; and we all Romans during the life of the empe- fcnow mat it is as much contrary to ror : On the other hand, the princes the laws of the empire to carry an elec- of the empire contend, that no king tioa by bribery and corruption, as to of p Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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14 Proceedings of tht Political Club, fcfr. Jan. of the Romant fhould ever be chofen Romans could be no good argument during the life of the emperor, but for our projecting or concluding this when it becomes abfolutely necelTary treaty ; and the other argument, or for the (afety and quiet of the em- motive, as the honourable gentle- pire, and that whether this neceffity man called it, is one of that fort of at any time exifts or no, is not to be arguments, which either does no* determined by the electoral college, A thing, or does too much. but by the diet of the empire. This, Are we to fuppofe, Sir, that any Sir, is the important queflion now eleclor or prince of Germany is fo brought upon the carpet ; and when extravagant, as to keep up a greater we conftder, that the kings of Swe- number of regular troops in time of den and Denmark, the prince royal peace, than his own proper revenue of Ruffia, the king of France, and can fpare to fupport, and at the fame the prince, now hereditary fladtbold- B time, that he is fa abandoned, that er of the United Provinces, are all rather than retrench any part of this princes of the empire, without be- extravagant expence, he will unite sng electors, we may judge how im- with the enemies of his country* and probable it is, that either of taeic fell himfelf a (lave to France ? God two parties will yield to the other, forbid, Sir, that we mould ever how unfortunate it is that fuch a have the lcail ground for fuch a vi- queftion fhould ever have been Hart- C lifying fuppoilcion : I have fo good ed, and how dangerous it would be an opinion of thofe princes in gene- Co proceed to an election before this « ral, that I am convinced, no one queflion be determined, or at leali of them will ever unite with France until the neceffity of an election be- for any mercenary confideration j comes manifefl bath to the diet and but we know, that an^apprebenuoa the elecioral college ; and in that of the houfe of Auftria*s defigning cafe they would proceed to an elecli D to encroach upon the laws and liber- on without any lubfidy from us, and ties of their country, has, in former without having the queftion deter- times, made many of them uni:e mined as to who are to be the judges with France, in order t o guard a*- of that neceffity, gainft thofe defigns of tha: houfe, When this will happen, Sir, I do which they thought to be either am- not know, and as little do 1 know bitious or oppreSive ; and therefore what the Hon. gentleman means by £ in all our meafures we ought to be slaying he trulls — it will happen next extremely cautious of givir.g rife to. fummer. I wifh as muck as he can any fuch future appreiieafjon. It is do, that it may, but I do not £b our i mere ft to fupport and preferve much as hope that it will ; and this the power of the houfe of Auflria ; 1 will fay, that if we, by granting but this intereft we fli.Jl defeat, if fubfidies to (which will be called we do not take care to purfue it in bribing) a majority of the electors, F fuch a manner, as not to give occa- fhould procure a king of the Romans fion for any fuch jealoufy ; for it is Co be chofen, whilft feme of the not the power of the houfe of An- chief electors and moft of the great Aria alone that we are to fee up as a princes of the empire think that there balance to the power of France, but is no prelent neceffity {or any fuch the power of that houfe united with choice, we (hall, I fear, be lowing the power of the German empire ; the feeds of a civil war in Germany, G and whilft thefe two powers con- and a very general one in Europe, tinue united, a little of our money, inftcad of taking proper meafures to with the affiftance of our navy, in prevent either the one or the. other, time of actual war, will always ren- Therefore, the procuring or hailen- dei tliew an effectual balance, sng the election of a king of the This Digitized by VjOOQ 1C

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i)53- Proceedings of the Political Club, tic: t$ This argument therefore, Sir, a trifle of expence j and whoever proves nothing, or it proves too duly confiders this, will ceafe woo- much ; for if we (hoold refufc to dering at the declaration I have grant any fabfidies in time of peace, made, and join with me in giving the princes of the empire would re- an affirmative to the motion now be- trench their expence, unlefs they are fore us. entirely abandoned j and if they be A entirely abandoned, they will cer- Upon this Quintus Mucins flood up, Bainly fell tbemielves to the higheft and /poke to the following Ejfe3. bidder, in which France and Spain . will certainly get the better of us ; Mr- U>«*rman, for whatever we may be in fighting, S J R9 this nation alone is not equal to the A LTHO'I highly approve of power of thofe two monarchies in B /y, what the Hon, gentleman who giving ; and the Dutch, I fear, are fpoke hit, was pleafed to conclude unable to contribute any (hare : Nay, with, yet as I have an opinion of the I am afraid, that even as to the ex- treaty itfelf very different from what pence of this treaty, we muft, fome he feems to entertain, I (hall beg way or other, pay their (hare as well leave to give fome of the reafons for as our own ; for, I believe, they the opinion I have formed. I muft are not able to pay it without mak-C confefs,. it is with great diffidence, ing a reduction of their army ; and if that I differ from him in any opt- any troops are to be reduced, it is nion, but efpecially in an opinion re- eertainly more for our intereft; as lating to any foreign treaty, which well as the general intereft of Eu- is a Fubject he has been fo long con- rope, that fome of the princes of verfant in, and in which he has done the empire mould be obliged, than fuch eminent fervice to his country, that the Dutch mould be obliged D As I am thus diffident, Sir, it will to reduce the number of their regu- oblige me to be the more methodical lar troops. in what I am to offer in favour of Having thus, Sir, given my opi- this treaty ; and for this purpofe t nion very fully, and very freely, of the (hall confider the object, the view, treaty now under our con fide rati on, and the principle of the treaty be- I (hall conclude with declaring, that fore us. As to the object, it is the norwithftanding what 1 have faid a- £ election of a king of the Romans, gainft the treaty itfelf, I fhall con- in order to prevent any vacancy of car with my Hon. friend in his mo- the Imperial throne upon the death tion. Gentlemen, I fee, are fur- of the prefent emperor, whofe life I prized at this declaration ; but they (hall grant may in all human ap- fcave not fo much reafon, as they pearance be, and I hope will be of may perhaps imagine. Care will long continuance ; but this no man be taken, 1 hope, that the treaty p can be fure of : He may, to the mi f- ftall not produce any ill effect ; and fortune of Europe, and of this na- tho* the expence be, in my opinion, tion in particular, be fuddenly cut mmeceflary, yet fince his majefty has off in the prime of his age, and this been advifed to engage in it, I fhall misfortune would be highly exagge- be for enabling him. to make it good, rated, (hould he die before any clec- beeaufe our refafal would derogate tion of a king of the Romans ; foe fo much from his majefty's credit andQ will any one fay, that the Germa- ktfloence abroad, that it might be nick body can act with fuch vigour, attended with confequences much either in defending itfelf, or a (lilting more pernicious than any that can its allies, when it is without any Cpfee from our complying with fuch head, W M Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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16 Proceedings of the Political Club, &?r* Jan. head, as when it is firmly united un- long interval wr.ich might happen der one head? Will any one fay, before even a majori vof the clec- that a country which is pofTefled by tors could be go: to agiec .:pon the fo many powerful princes, all jealous choice of an emperor ; tor we may of one another, and every one think- learn from the hiftories of th u coun- ing himfelf intitled to fome part of try, that they were ooce for at leaft the territory poflfefled by his neigh- A 1 5 years before the> could agree bour ? I fay, can a country in fuch upon the choice of any emperor ; circumftances be prefumed to con- and we Are t:>ld, that during all that tinue in peace, when it has no fole time, the whole empire, in Italy as and fupreme judge to apply to, nor well as Germany, was in the utmoft any one perfon who has either the diforder and confuiion. right or *nc power to enforce its The object of this treaty is there- laws, and to punilh thofe who ven- B fore, Sir, in the prefent circum- ture to tranfgrefc them ? fiances of Europr, of the utmoft I know it may be faid, Sir, that importance even to this kingdom, at during a vacancy of the Imperial we do not know how foon we may throne, the government of the em- have occafion for the ailiftance of the pire devolves upon the two vicars ; empire of Germany ; consequently, but as there is a difpute flill fubfift- the obtaining of this object is of in- ing between the elector Palatine, and C finitely greater value to us, than the the elector of Bavaria, about one of fmall fubfidy which his majefty has thefe vicariatfhips, and as the re- for this purpofe engaged td pay to fpective rights of the two vicars are the elector of Saxony ; and now, far from being fully fettled and afcer- Sir, as to the view or defign of this taintd by the laws of the empire, treaty, every one knows, that it is this very eflablifhment, inftead of to get the prefent emperor's eldeft preferving, might be the caufe of Dfon elected king of the Romans, difturbing the tranquillity of that which is a defign that feems to be country : Nay, fuppofe that this univerfally approved of ; and in- eftablilhment were fully perfected, deed, the continuance of the im- fo that no conteft could remain upon perial diadem in the houfe of Au- that head, yet we cannot fuppofe, ftria is (o much for the intereft of th%t they would have power enough this country, that I fhould wonder to prevent fome of the potent princes, E at hearing it difapproved by< any their neighbours, from taking that gentleman in this aiTembly ; for opportunity to vindicate by force of the houfe of Auftria, by means of arms thofe rights or pofTeflions, to their dominions in Italy, in the which they imagined they had a juft Netherlands, and upon the Rhine, title ; or perhaps one of the vicars will always be the mod ufeful, and might himfelf be among the firft to whilft they purfue their own inter- tranfgrefs the laws, and interrupt the F eft, muft be the moft ready and peace of his country,; and both thefe u ill ing affiftant we can have in a war events we have the more reafon to with the houfe of Bourbon, becaufe fear, becaufe both actually happened with the houfe of Auftria we can during the laft vacancy of the Impe- never have any material conteft, rial throne. From all which, I and their fecurity depends as much think, we have the ftrongeft reafon upon fupporting the power of this to conclude, that fhould fuch a va- G kingdom, as our fecurity depends cancy again happen, it would be upon fupporting theirs. impoflible to preferve the internal I come, in the laft place, to the quiet of Germany for fo much as principle upon which this treaty is one day, and much lefs during the lounded, and that evidently appears to Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1753- Proceedings of the Political Club, fcfr. 17 to be the prefervation of peace and of, which to me feem to be incon a balance of power in Europe. The wittom or the uprightness of this principle, Sir, I hope no gentle- man will conteft ; am) that the peace, as well as the balance of power, iiftent. In the firft place, it is fiid, that the treaty will deft at the end intended by it ; and to prove this, the princes of Germany are repre- (ented as fuch mercenary creature?, depends upon preventing a vacancy A that they would evpofe th-ir country in the imperial throne, I have, I to the danger of a dtftru&ive civil think, already demonftated ; but I will now go farther and affirm, that both depend, indifputably, in my opinion, upon continuing the im- perii! diadem in the faoufe of Auftrta war, for the fake of enpying a trifling fubfidy from us for two ot three years longer. Sir, I am fur- prifed to hear fuch an unjufi: infj- nuation : The princes of Germany As to the prefervation of the peace E are generally known to be perfons of Burope, let me foppofe, that of great dignity as well as honour : a majority of electors, through French influence, for it can never be through any thing elfe, ftiould, during the prefent emperor's life, or even upon his death, pafs by They may have different ways of thinking, but I am perfuaded, there is not one of them who would not defpife any fum of money, when it came in competition with the his ion, and chafe fome other prince C true intcreft of their country, and king of the Romans or emperor, this very treaty is a manifeit proof would thehooie of Auftria, could we, could the Dutch, or any in- dependent prince in Europe, fub- nm willingly and peaceably to fuch an illegal election? if we did, or of it ; for the king of Poland h.*d, until the year 1750, a fubfidy from France of double the fum he is now to have from us, and w:thouc doubt might have had it continued, if we ihould be ail forced to doD if he would have accepted of it fo, would there be any longer a upon her terms: Every fubfidy we balance of power in Europe ? Would it be poffible for any nation in Eu- rope to ftand egainrt the power of tae houfe of Bourbon, after their having eft abtilhed a -vice- em per or in now pay, or may hereafter pay, is a proof of the honour and pub- lick fptrit of the princes of Ger- many ; for 1 here is not one of them who mij>ht not have a higher fub- Germany? We might perhaps en E fidy from France than we are able joy peace, but it would be fctah a peace as flaves enjoy, who fub- mit tamely and patiently to the arbitrary commands of their impe- rious lords. Thus, Sir, I have (hewn that the to pay. It is amazing what Aims of money are paid yearly by France, by way of fubfidy to foreign princes and ftates ; 1 hive lately feen an authentick lift of them, from which it appeared that, reckoning a livre object of this treaty is of the utmoft F at a (hilling, the French now pay importance even to us, that the vitw or defign of it is univerfally approved, and that the principle opon which it is founded is not only jaft, but fuch a one as we mud for our own iafety, as well as the fafety yearly 300,000!. flerling to the king of Pruffii, the fame fum to the king of Sweden, 120,000!. to Denmark, eo.oool. to the ele&or Palatine; befides the fubfidies they pay to the elector of Cologne, \hz of Europe, neceflarily purfuc. Can G cantons of Swiflerland, the repub- we then difapprove of the treaty lick of Genoa, and the princes of fcfelf > This really feems to be a fort of paradox ; and to fupport this pa- tadox* two arguments are made ufe Jinuary, 1753. Parma and Modena. Nothing there- fore but a true regard to what th^y think the hue reft of their country, C can Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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i8 Proceedings of the Political Club, t£c. Jan. can induce any prince in Germany it it not our intereft to ftrengthen to accept of any fubfldy from mi his hands. as much as we can, by and if any gentleman thought other- granting him a fubfidy, efpecially wife, he mould be cautious of ex- as we know, that France ' is doing preffing his fentiments, or rather the fame with refpeft to all thofe fufpicions, in this houfe; for he who are at preient of the fame fhould confidcr, that there are al- A fentiments with her ? For I hare fa ways many ftrangers in our gallery. good an opinion of the king of But gentlemen feem to be con- Pruffia and the ele&ors Palatine and fcious, Sir, that this charge of ve. Cologne as to think, that it is not nality againft the princes of Ger- the fubfidtes they have from France, many can gam no credit, there- that makes xhem refnfe to concur fore they (hift the fcene, and then in the election of a king of the Ro- thofe princes are reprefented as per- £ mans, but becauie they are not fons afted only by a true publick yet convinced of its being necefiary fpirit; from whence it is inferred, for the fafety of the empire; and that if an immediate eledion of a as France is thus ftreogthning the king of the Romans be neceflary hands of all thofe that are of the for the fafety of the empire, thofe fame fentiments with her, I flialt princes would proceed to it dire&ly, freely own, that if it were in our and agree in it unanimoufly, with* C power, I fhould be for oar being out any fubfidy from us ; and par- equal with her in tuts refpe& ; bat ticularly with refpect to the king as this is not in our power, we moft- of Poland it is faid, that not only trait to the juftice* ©f our caufe more his regard to the true intereft of than to the weight of pur puff* ; Germany, but his regard to his yet I cannot think, we ought to own intereft, muft prevail with him truft entirely to the juftice of our to concur in chufing the archduke Dftwfe, for if we. neglect any means Jofeph king of the Romans as foon . me have in our power, we fhall as poflible, becaufe he cannot other- deferve to be negfe&ed by Provi- wife fecure the crown of Poland- dence. to himfelf and his ion after htm. . Then, Sir, with regard to the i Now, Sir, as to the general. argu- particular argument relating to the ment I muft obferve, that it feeras king of Poland, confidering his con - to be the opinion of every gentle- Rduft in the late war, I am furprifed man in this houfe, not only t{ia$< aa? one fhould think him fo much the archduke Jofeph mould be chofcat . attached to the houfe of Auftria, as * king of the Romans, but that he; that no comidcration can feparate mould be chofen as foon as may be. him from die intereft of that houfe. This, I fay, feems to be the unani- • Did he not foon after the begin- mous opinion here, but this, it is ntng of the late war join in the com- plain, is not the unanimous opinion F /ederacy againft that honfe ? Did he of the eledors and princes of Get- not continue to exert his utmost many, otherwife the ele&ion would ftrength in favour of that confederacy already have been made. I am far until he found himfelf forfaken by from fuppofing' that we can* by the Pruflians, and the French as a fubfidy, induce any of thofe prin- well as the Bavarians unable to give ces to be of our opinion : No, . hint any affiftaoce ? Therefore the Sir; this muft be. done by negotia-G gaining of him, who is one of the tion and argument ; and when we vicars, and the only indifpnted vicar have (o far fucceeded in this way, in the empire, muft be allowed to as to bring any one over to our be a new, and a very confiderable opinion, is it not prudent m us, acoui£uon to the common caufe i and Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1753- L»" of CHRISTINA Queen of Sweden. 19 and it is of the more confluence, at a Her father, who was the greatett prince it may prevent a war upon the next in his time, the chiefjpillar of the pro- ele&ion of a king of Poland, as well teftant religion, and tiff terror of France, as upon the next election of an emperor being killed at the battle of Lutfen near of Germany ; for I am of opinion, that Leipfick, in the year 1633, not without no election either of the oue or other violent fufpicion of treachery in thofe can ever now happen • without a war* that were about his perfon in that action, unlefs very prudent meafures be prcvi- A me-w« foon after declared and crowned oofij taken for preventing it. Had he queen of Sweden 5 and was the firft continued in the intereft of France ua- female fovereign of that kingdom, til his death, and hit fon had fet up During her minority the profited fo upon the fame rnterelt to be chofen king furprizingly by the inftruclions of ex- of Poland, that election would certainly cellent tutors, as to become the pro- have occasioned a war ; for neither the digy of the age. At the years of eigh- Auftrians nor the Ruffians will ever al- teen me took the reins of government low any one in that intereft to be peace- R into her own hands ; and reigned glo- ahly eftablifhed upon the throne of Po- • rioufly ten years. At the end of which, land: Whereas now he -has again at- to the world's great furprize, fhe re- ached himfelf to the houfe of Amtria, figned her crown and changed her re- tbey would both, in cafe of his death, ligion, turning Roman Carholick. And fopport the election of his fon -, and the after making tours into different parts French would then probably find them- of Europe, during which me twice re- vives as unable to oppose the election of vifited Sweden, fhe at length fixed her the fon, as they were before to oppofo refidence at Rome, where (he died in the eJeelion of the father ; therefore Q the year 16S9, aged fixty-three years, they would rather peaceably fubmit, than As to the fprings and motives of (o engage in a war which, from expc- extraordinary a Hep, very different a- rience they had learned, they could not pinions have been given, and very dif- cany on with facoefs. ferent • judgments palTed. Hear what I hope, Sir, I have now given fuf- Voltaire, in his Age of Lewis XIV. noent reafons for thinking this treaty Vol. I. p. 99, fays upon this aflonifh- one of the wifeft and moft ufeful we ing event. " She had drawn all thofe «ver made ; but if I have failed in this _ ingenious perfons of the age into Swe- point : If there be toll any gentlemen ** den, who could in any manner con - in this houfe, who do not approve of the tribute to her own information (with treaty, I hope they will concur with my refpect to arts and fciences.) The cha- Hoo. friend who fpoke laft, in approving grin of not finding any fuch among her ctf the motion 5 for every ore, I fup- own fuhjecls, had given her a difgufl pott, will join with him in thinking, againft reigning over a people who were that it would be of the moft dangerous mere foldiers. She thought it better to conference to refufe enabling his ma- live with men who cultivated their ra~ }e&y to fulfil a folemn engagement which £ tional faculties, than to command over he has already entered into. Such a re- thofe who were illiterate, and without fofcl would render it impoflible for his genius. She had Audied all the fciences laajefty, or any fucceeding sovereign of in a climate where they were then un- tb*s kingdom, to conclude any treaty known. Her defign was to retire into that required a new expence; and as the centre of them in Italy; and fhe fudden emergencies often require the came into France only in her way thi- itiiBediate condufion of expensive trea- - ther 5 for the arts had then made but tiei, the many fatal effects of fuch an ~ little progrefs among us. Her tafte de^ iopoffibility, I am permitted, I need not * termtned her to fix at Rome ; and, with explain. this defign, fhe quitted the Lutheran rc- [Tbis Journal to heamtimedin o*r ntxt.] l}&™ *or. *hc Catholick : She was indif- J ferent with regard to either, and made ***8*&CM9m&immti^^ no fcruple to conform, in appearance, _ to* the ferrtiments of the people with tAOraax from the Lira and Csm*act»* whom fhe intended to pafs her life.** •f CHRIST IN A, Stuetn of Sweden, Her genius was one of the vafleft, Prefixed to the Tranfation of her Worxs,q and moft unlverfal that ever was. She uttty pabhjbed. underftood, according to the publifher CDUSTINA queen of Sweden, the of her memoirs, eleven languages (Voi- only Surviving iflue of the great taire fays. eight,) among which were ^fiavua Adolphus, the fecond of tliat Greek, and in that fhe was a cririck ; **»* wa$ born Nov. S, j6i§. Hebrew and Arabkk. Site wiote readily C 2 and Digitized by VjOOQLC

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to Character*/ CHRISTINA Queen rf Sweden. Jan. and elegantly in French, Italian, High- bat once a week ; and fometimes only Dutch and Latin, befides the Swedirti, once a fortnight. On Sundays (he fpenda her mother ton^ie ; (he underftood phi- half an hour in drefling, on week days lofophy, hiftory, antiquities, the ma- fcarce a quarter. I have fometimes, when thematicks and chemiftry. She was a I was difcourfmg with her, feen her fmock good critick $ (he wrote verfes extreme Gained with many fpots of ink, occafion- prettily : And was a connoideufe, as ed by her writing much 5 and even fome- well as an admirer of the beaus arts. ^ times torn. When me is advifed to be- She was the great eft encourager of flow more pains in adorning her perfon, ai ts and fciences, of learning and learned fhe fays that it is an idle employment, men, in proportion to her abilities, that She allots three or four hours to deep, ever lived. In that refpecl me was ge- and never more. She goes to bed very rerous and liberal to profusion. late and rifes early. I have known her She, with infinite ex pence, amafied a live in this manner conftantly for eighteen prodigious collection of books, manu- months together. When (he rifes in the fcripts as well as printed j of paintings, morning, me fpends five hours in reading lfcatues, bas reliefs and medals. B various books. She thinks herfelf a mar- At the fame time me was a princefs tyr when me is obliged to eat in publick. of bufinefs j long-headed in the cabinet, At other times (he never fits above half and dexterous at negotiation. an hour at table j (he drinks water only. concerning the queen of Sweden, whom noxious, that could rob her of hertranquil- 1 daily fee, and reverence as the Angular ijty of mind. She fays that me regards miracle and prcdigy of our age. I am an death no more than deep. In the fevereft eyewitnefs of what I write of her. I winter (he goes out into the fields, in hex have had the honour of being often in her coach, in the dead of night, fometimes company j and of icceiving a coftjy pre- D rom amj fometimes fix hours together, fent from her, to wit, a goiden chain, she allots her mornings to publick affairs, snd her medal. She is low in (tature $ and goes every day to the fenate, or ra- her forehead is large ; her eyes very full ther to her council. I havc known her and bright, and withal very lovely. Her immediately after being Itt blood go to nofe is aquiline, her mouth middling wide the council and there remain five hours, and handibme. She hath nothing femi- She was once, in a feverim diforder for nine about her but the fex. Her voice is 28 days together ; and yet never in all mafculine, and fo is her manner of fpeak- £ that time omitted the management of ing, heY movement and gefture. 1 fee her publick affairs. She fays that it is a du- on horfeback almoft every day j and tho* ty required of her by her Maker, to take (he fits in her fad rile as ladies do, yet (he the belt care (he can of the concerns of (hakes and bends her body in fuch a the kingdom ; that (he will do what in manner, as that one who is not very her lies 5 that, if things fucceed not as near her, wquld take her for a man. may be wifhed, (he (hall liave this com- When (he rides, (lie wears a hat, and a fort, that nothing hath been wanting on wairtccat after the Spanim famion. Her p her part. She adminifters and finimesall Hurts alone difcover her to be a woman. ** publick bufinefs herfelf. The ambafladors She keeps but one foot in the ft irrup, and of potentates tranfaft every thing with yet me rides fo hardily, that none are her in perfon, and are remitted to no mi- able to keep up with her. One . would nifter or fecrctary. When (he gives pub- think her flying rather than running, lick audiences to ambafladors, (he alone Our mafter the king of Spain hath defired makes all the anfwers to them. It is her pi dure, in a riding- pofture, to be fcarcely to be believed, but it is what I fent him. Her riding- garb is fo far from fee every day, that thefe very Swedim ge- tting coftly, that 1 fcarce believe it isG nerals, whofe name and arms have fo long worth four or five ducats. At court (he made Cermany tremble, in her prefence wears cloaths fo very plain, that 1 never ftand fpeechlefa, as if they were dumb, few any gold c r fiWer about her, but a fin- and fcem to be in the greateft confuftcm. gle ring. She takes no manner of care in She was fcarce feven years old when (he decking her perfen j ihe adjufts her loir loft her fetber t Who could beticte that the Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1753- A Letter of Madam de Maintenon. 21 the daughter, at the age of 27, could fo fecms to be more than human. She eftablifh her power in a kingdom, the feems to be ignorant of nothing, and to conftitution whereof is pretty free, at to forget nothing.— She tires out daily I rule alone, depend upon the wills and know not how many fecretaries, to whom councils, of none, be under the influence fhe di&ates ; and corrects, turns over of none, but alone adminifter, conduit and finifhes every thing herfelf. She is amdfini/h every thing ? She is curious of fo liberal, that if (he exceeds due bounds knowing every thing that relates to go- ^ in any thing, it is in making prefents. "vemment. She reads all treaties concern- She hath called into Sweden the mod ing ftate affairs, however tedious and pro- learned men, and mod excellent artificers lix. I knew, upon a certain occafton, from Italy, France and Germany 5 and that when treaties were prefented to her, difmhTes none without large gifts. She containing 28 meets, (he read them over, is a mod ftriet obferver of juftice ; (he and rendered them in Latin, and explain- fays herfelf that fhe very feWom pardon- ed them to an ambaflador in a very (hort ed any criminal that deferred death ; but fpace of time. She loves all nations j that none was executed by htr orders fee loves virtue in all, and nothing elfe. ° for whom .me did not (bed tears. Her She fays there are but two different rati- civility is fo very extraordinary, that it cms in the world j the one of good men, muft be owned not to fall (hort of her the other of bad ; that (he hates the lat- other virtues. All foreigners are witnef- ter, and loves the former, without regard fes of this, who come to fee her court, to the names by which different countries and are there received in the mod obliging are diftinguiflied. She cannot bear the and polite manner, mention of mania je j (he fays (he was born free and will die free. In common Q The following Lettis,. which is one of the converfation (he is fo familiar, that one famous Madam <fr MAINTENON'* who is prefent would think her, I don't to her Brother , nit onlyjbew the good Senf* fay not a queen, but not even a lady of of the Writer, hut contains Jucb moral diftinclion ; (he touches thofe (he talks to, Precepts, as ought to be remembered by many prompts them to difcourfe, laughs and of this Age and Country • . jokes freely, and yet to her own people <bc is fo awful, that they ftand like infants To M. D'AUBIGNE'.* in her prefence. When (he treats of fe- ^ "VT O man is unhappy but by his own rious affairs, when (he gives audience, to u 1/N fault. This (hall always be my ambaftadors, (he affumes fuch ftate as text, and my anfwer to your lamenta- ftrikes fear in the boldeft perfons. She tions. Think, my dear brother, on the hath noble ladies in her fervice at court, voyage to America, on the misfortunes but more for the fake of grandeur than of your father, the miferies of our in- fer ufe. She feems to defpife them, and fancy, the wretchednefs of our youthful trails all affairs to men only. Nothing is days j and you will blefs Providence, in- hard to her ; (he fears neither cold, nor ftead of murmuring againft fortune. Ten rain, nor heat, nor watching, nor any E years a^o we were both very diftant from thing elfe. If (he were at war with any the ftation we are now in : Our hopes nation, it is pall doubt that (he would Were fo (mall, that we limited our defires march againft the enemy in perfon. She to three thoufacd livres a year. We have underftands ten or eleven languages, to at prefent four times as much ; and ought wit, Latin, Greek, French, Italian, Spa- we to wiih for more ? We enjoy that nhh, High- Dutch, both the Swediffi ton- happy competency, which formerly you gees, the Finland, and, if I be not mif- fe highly extolled. Let us be content, taken, the Danifti. She can read likewife, p If riches increafe, let us receive them as and in fome meafure underftands Hebrew from the hand of God $ but let not out and Arabick. She hath read and under- views be toovaft. We have the necefla- ftan.h all the ancient poets. The modern lies and conveniences of life 5 all the' reft poets, both Italian and French, (he hath is cupidity. All this thirft after gran- alrooft by heart. She hath dived into all deur arifes from the emptinefs of an un- tfie ancient philofophers. She hath read quiet mind. All your debts are paid : many of the ancient fathers — but com- You may live delicioufly without contract- meads chiefly Nazianzen.— Her memory ing new ones. What elfe can you wi(h for? * this Iftter mas ivrott fine time after /be bad bought the ejfate called Maintenon, from 'sobicb Jbe had bcr title t an efiate of about 12,000 livres a year, for xvbicb Jbe paid 2 50,000 livres in little more than four years, after jbe bad the care of Madam de Montefpan'j children. committed to her charge by Lewis XIV. from whence soe may judge of the profits of htr place* fur Jbe toas viortb nothing when Jbe entered into it, but, on the contrary, b%tb Ur brother and jLefcem to have been deeply in debt, Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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22 Another Letter of Madam de Ma intenon; Jan- for ? Muft fchtmes to grow rich and great neys to Marti, «' Thefe, faid he, are pa- be purfued at the expence of your«repofe pert of very little confequcnce j no bad and your health ? Read the life of St. ufe can be made of them 5** then, taking Lewis, and you wiU fee how little all up another paper, he added, " Let us worldly grandeur is capable of fatisfyihg burn this, it might occafion great hatred the heart of man. Nop* but God is ca- and ftrife between thofe two minifters.** pableof filling it. I repeat it, you are ' He found a chaplet, which he gave ane, unhappy only thro* your own fault. Your j^ faying, « Carry it about you, not as a inquietudes impair your health, wIhcr relique, but to keep me always in remem* you fhoold preferve, were it only that I brance.** The cardinal de Rohan gave love you. Work upon your humour ; if him the viaticum j after wliich he faid, you can render it left bilious and gloomy, ** I have lived a great many years, but it will be a great point gained. This is very few of them have been fpent in aot the work of renVAion only ; you God's feryice.** He fent for the royal tnuft add exercife, diverfions, an uniform family, and faid to them, <f I recommend and regular life. You will never think „ peace and unity to you.** The 25th, tho* well, whilft you are ill : When tire body » he had no fever, he was exceflively thirAy : is caft down, the foul has no vigour. 1 gave him drink three times. M. Fagon. Adieu. Write to me oftener, but in a no longer doubted that the gangrene was left moaniul ftilc. got into his leg, he whifpered me that it had penetrated to the bone, and that Anther Lett* a of Madam^th MAIN- there were no more hopes: I pafied the TENON, gnrirtg an Account of the night by his bed's fide, and talked with Iafi Sidmefs and Death tf the French him about his fpiritual concerns : He told King, Li wis XIV. Q me, that he had but three things to re- ItaJam * Maikteko* * tb. March:,,,/, I*"** ■*»«' with, and HutCod's m.r- 0^ • • » cies were ftill greater than his fins. The ** 1 next day Marechal made two incifions Sep. 5, 1715. ^vith a lancet 5 the king felt nothing, but ON the evening of our return from fainted away. The phyficians feeing him MarH, the king was fo weak, it fo refolute and unconcerned, confulted was with difficulty he crept from his clo- about cutting off his leg ; M. Fagon fetto Ins praying deflc. Two days after would not propofe it to him : I took be appeared to roe fo far fpent, that I no D upon me to do fo ; upon which he faid to longer doubted of his death : I talked to them, " Do you think to fave my life by tiro of God ; he readily liftened to me, it ?" Marechal anfwered, that there was and put me feveral times upon the fame but little probability of it : " If fo, faid topick. The 13d I entertained feme the king, it is needlefs to put me to any hopes; he eat and flept ; and the next pain.** After which, turning to the other day difpatched fome bufineft with M. fide, where the mar (hal de ViUeroy flood, Voifih. But whether application had fa- he reached out his hand to him, and faid, tigued him, or his diftemperwas come to E " Adieu, my friend, we muft part." The a crins, he fainted away $ I was greatly & cardinal de Rohan and father le Tellier alarmed at it, but kept myfelf in as good came in ; he had a long conference with decorum as poffible : When recovered them ; I withdrew to give free vent to my from his fainting, I propofcd to him to tears, and I heard only thefe words upon receive the facraments ; to which he an- entering the room again, " You will an- swered, " It is rather too foon, I find fwer'for it before God.** The 27th, he myfelf well enough.1* I replied to him, bid the princes draw near him : He re- that at all times it was a wife precaution ; commended the Dauphin to the duke of that we could never be too early in be- F Orleans, and faid to the duke du Maine, feeching God to pardon our offences 5 « Take care of his education j be as putting him in mind of fome of his ac- ftrongly attached to him as you have been tiosn, which I had been eyewitnefs of, to me.** He then defired the duke of he (aid to me, " You* do me a piece of Bourbon and the prince of Conti not to fervice, I thank you for it.** he con- imitate their fathers. The Dauphin hav- fefled himfelf ; and I ufod my utmoft en- ing drawn near, he gave him his blefiing, 4eavours to put on that fortitude I fo and faid to him, " Myfon, you arc going; much admired in him : My chief care was Qto be a great king; be always a good to refrain from weeping, and as often as I ^ chriftian $ do not follow my example in felt the tears ready to drop, I withdrew regard to war ; endeavour to live in peace for a moment. He called for his caflcet, with your neighbours : Render to God I brought it to him, and he fearched it what you owe tonim ; follow always the before me j finding fome lifts of the jour- moft moderate counfels $ endeavour to re- I duce Digitized by VjOCK

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1753- TbeLiTEofSir FRANCIS BACON. 23 duce the taxes, and do that which I un- Rouen and the bifhop of Chartres, who happily have not been able to do." The would abfolutely wait upon me to my Bauphin having withdrawn, he ordered chamber. From all that 1 hart been re- ntal to be called in again, embraced him lating to you the t*Jl is wanting. with tears in his eyes, and added, " Take AOtie, my fon, of what I have been fay- ^ Life */ FRANCIS, mfttnvtrdt Sir mg to too, as my Jaft precepts j and let FRANCIS BACON, Bar.* *f V«- thefr counfels fink deep into your mind. ^ RULAm, Vijcount of St. Ai.bans, and Remember that tangs die like other men." t^j Hisb-Cbancefior •/ ENGLAND. He bd me adieu three times : The firft with bis Head * well as he ought, and for not hav- » thony Cooke, preceptor to Edward VL ing made me happy ; but that he had al- Sir Nicholas appears to have been a man ways loved and efteemed me. He defired of wit, as well as great integrity ami aw to take notice whether the attendants learning } for when the queen, in a vtfit did not liften ; " However, added he, to him at his feat in Hertford flii re, told nobody will ever be farprixed that I give him, (he thought his houfc too fitrte for way to tendernefs with you." At the him, ,( No Madam, replied he, but your third adieu, he faid to me, « What will majefty has made me too great for my become of you ? You are left deftitute." q houfe." And his lady too was a woman I exhorted him to mind nothing but God ; of great learning, having tranflated from but reflecting afterwards, that I could not the Latin, bifhop Jewel's apology for the tell how the princes might treat me, I church of England, defired him to recommend me to the duke Their youngeft fon Francis was bom at of Orleans. He accordingly called the York- houfe in the Strand, Jan. ai, 1567, duke," and faid to him, '« My nephew, I the brightnefs of whofe parts began early recommend Madam de Maintenon to your to appear, in fo much that queen Eliza- care; yotr know what efteem and regard beth herfelf, while he was but a ■boy, 1 have always had for her ; the never gave D took a particular delight m trying trim ae any but good counfels, and I repent with queftions,' and received fo much fe- rny not having always followed them : tisfadion from the good fenfe and manli- She has been ufeful to me in afl refpefts, nefs of his anfwers, that me was wont to and chiefly in turning me to God and la- call him, in mirth, her young lord-keep- lowing for my falvation. Grant her er : Among others, me having one day whatever fhc may arte you, whether it be aiked him, how old he was, he arrfwered forherfel^ or for her relations and friends, readily, " Juft two years younger than Ae will not make an abufe of it t Let her £ your majefty* s happy reign.** His prcfi- apply direclly to vourfehV* The 30th ciency in learning was fo rapid, that in he (aid to me, " You muft needs have a the 12th year of his age, he was entered a great deal of courage to be always prefect ftudent of Trinity college, Cambridge, and at fnch a fpeftacle." When I round he went through all his courfes there by the' had IoA all fenfe, and that I could be of time he was f 6, when his father fent him no farther fervice to him, being no longer to Paris, and recommended Mm, to Sit able to fthle my grief, I refolved to retire Amus Powlet, then the queen's ambafla- to this place : and in order to avo'd the dor in France, who took particular not rot peoples reflections on the road, that I F of him. Whilft abroad, he did not fpend mightttot be known, I deftred the marfhal his time, as our young gentlemen ufually VTUeroy to lend me his coach, and told do, in learning the vices, fopperies, and him at parting, that my affliction was follies of foreigners, but m ftudying their pungent, yet calm ; that the king's death- conftitution of government and manners* was a chrifttan death j that I had never and the characters and views of their hegjted any thing of God but his eternal princes and minifters 5 and in the toth bajwmefs, and that I was going to ftrnt year of his age he wrote a paper of obfer- aiytef up with my children. At my ar- Q vations on the then general Hate of Eu> ri*al, I found the community aflembled rope, which b ftill extant among his to receive me, and at the fight of the works. joung ladies I could not lefrain from Feb. 10. ijjo, our young gentleman's tears : Behold how many fatberlefs chil- father, Sir Nicholas Bacon, died, after ten axe here, faid I to the archbifliop of having held the feals as keeper or chan- cellor Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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*4 ^LiiEc/Ar FRANCIS BACON. Jan. cellor for 20 years ; but as queen Eliza- with the publick.was -Co wellTe-eftaMifh- beth*t reign was more remarkable for her ed, that upon a queftion in the houfe of minifters gaining honour, then for their commons, whcber the, attorney -general gaining riches, he left this his Ton Francis, could be a member of that houfe, as he who was the youngeft of five", but a very was an officer who was obliged to attend (mail fortune, fo that he was obliged to be- upon the other, the queftion was cajrted take himfelf to the profeflion of the law in the affirmative out of a particular ro- for a fubfiftence, for which purpofe he ^ gard to him, and it was therefore decjar- entered himfelf of Gray's-Inh, and foon * ed, that it mould be no precedent, became fo eminent in that profeflion. With regard to politicks, Sir Francis that at the age of 28 he was appointed Bacon appears to bave been a mere time* by' queen Elizabeth her learned counfel ferver, an humble fuitor to every miniiter extraordinary. he thought uppermoft, and his profecu- As Sir William Cecil, lord-treafurer to tor as foon as down. His behaviour to- queen Elizabeth, afterwards lord Burleigh, wards the earl of Effex we have already had married our young gentleman's aunt, n fcen : After that earl's death he attached or mother's fifter, he frequently applied ** himfelf to his coufin Sir Robert Cecil, fc- to him for fome place of credit and fer- cretary of ft ate, and afterwards earl of vice in the ft ate • but Sir William never Salisbury, tho* he knew hire to be pii- got any thingfor him, except the reverfi- vatcly no true friend, .and accordingly on of the office of regifter to the ftar- during his life, he never rofe higher than chamber, then reckoned worth j6ool. a to be follicitor-general. He then made year, which did not fall to him till near his, court to the earl of Somerfet, who twenty years afterwards $ and as he pro- had become a favourite, and was created bably thought himfelf neglecled by his C vifcount Rochefter, juft before the death uncle, he attached himfelf ftrongly to the of Sal i (bury $ and by his means it proba- earl of Eflcx, which of courfe made his. bly was that Sir Francis was made attor- uncle, and alfo his coufin Sir Robert Cc- ney 'general, a place then worth oocd. a cil, his enemy ; for when the earl, a lit- year, as he himfelf acknowledged. Upon tie before his fall, warmly follicited his Somerfct's fall, Sir Francis Bacon, then being made foUicitor- general, it was op- attorney-general, .became one,of his chief fofedby )us coufin Sir Robert, who re- . profecutors j and from that time began prefented him .to the queen, as a man of r\ to make his court to Viiliers, afterwards mere fpeculation, and more likely to dif- duke of Buckingham, to whom he was trad her affairs, than to ferve her ufefu'ly fo fubfervicnt, that he ftibmittcd to be a and with proper judgment j and as the, fort of fteward for thofe great cftates be-. earl found he could not ferve him in this (towed upon this young favourite by the way, he gave him a recompence out of Wing. However, it appears from his Jet- his own eitate, by making him a pic rent ters and other writings that he generally of *Twitenham-park and its garden of gave good advice to his patrons, but when paradife. he found they would not follow bis, he Upon this unfortunate nobleman's fail, £ was ready to follow theirs without re* Mr. Bacon, as one of the queen's coun- ferve ; tho* it does not appear that be was fel, was employed by the crown, along any way concerned in the treasonable with Sir Edward Coke, the attorney- *e- practices of the earl of Eflcx, which was neral, to .manage the trial againft his perhaps more owing to his want of cou- lordmip $ and his ambition got (o far the . rage than his want of ambition, better <of his gratitude, that he not only . As Sir Francis was extremely fubmif- accepted of the employment, but after five, and often ufeful to his patrons, fo die earl* s execution, he at the deflre of p he was diligent, and but too ready to ufe the minifters, wrote a,nd publifhcd, that any means for getting the better of thofe piece ftiU extant among his works, in- he thought his qvals, as appeared .upon titled, A Declaration of, the Treafonf of the refignation of the old lord-chancellor Rolurt Earl.of Ejjhc. ' r Egerton in 1617. The fcals he was bigh- This quite ruined him in the publick , ly ambitious of, and as he looked upon efteem, which was probably the defign Sir Edward Coke as his rival, he took of the minifters, and perhaps did him no care to reprefent him to the king and fervice in the opinion of his fovereign ; but Buckingham, as one who abounded in his fiich was the brightnefs of his parts, thatG own fenfe, and who by an afibclation of he foon recovered both in the next reign j popularity was likely to court the good for he was knighted by king James I.- foon will of the people, at the hazard of the after his acceffioo, in 1607 he was made prerogative. In this he was the more foUicitor-generaJ, and in 1613, when he eafily believed, as Sir Edward had been was made attorney-genera), his character but the year before turned out from being chief Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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*753- Wr Utt tf Sir FR A N C I S B A C O N. 25 cWef-juftke, becaufc the minifters found ney, that he was confiderabry in debt, oc- him not fo du&ile at they inclined he cafioncd by his indulgence to his fervants» *houW. Accordingly the feats were de- and his being cheated and defrauded by livared to Sir Francis with the title of them: Nay, his condemnation was chiefly lord-keeper j and as Buckingham found owing to their exactions and the bribes him ready to put the feals to every patent, tltey had taken whilft he was chancellor, and every thing be defired, he got him tho* it is plain he was not influenced by created lord high-chancellor of England A tnem m m* decrees, as no one of them and -baron of Verulam in 1619, and the was ever reverftd. And at lad he became year following vifcount of St. Albans. • fenfible of his error with refpeft to hit How (hort-lived do we often find hu« fervants ; for during his profecution, as man greatnefs ! In 162 1, king James was he was parting through a room where forced to call a parliament, and as the they were fitting, upon fight of him they nation was highly difTatisned with the all flood up, on which he cried : " Sic coodu& both of Buckingham and the down, my mailers 5 your rife hath been chancellor, the houfe of commons fet on R my fill.** foot a ftrift scrutiny into the conduct of " The king foonreleafed him from the Tow- both. King James wanted money (b er, made a grant of his fine to fome truf- tnuch, that he could notdhToIve them, but tees for his benefit, and fettled upon him to divert them from the profecution of a penfien of 1800I. a year j but as he ap- his favourite Buckingham, the monopolies pae6 moft of bis income to the payment and illegal patents were all cancelled and of his debts, he hved always after in a recaJkd by proclamation, and the court vary mean condition 5 and tho* the king promoted under-hand the profecution of «* a moit time afterwards granted him a tittcaanceMors^ conference of which he C ^"w an* entire pardon of his whole fen- was impeached by the houfe of commons tence, whereupon he was fummoned to of corrupt practices, in caufes depending the firft parliament of king Charles I. before nun, as chief judge of equity 1 fo yet he did not live long to enjoy thefe fa- entirely had be loft that great character, yours 3 for as he was making fome expe- whicb but 7 years before he had among riments at Highgate, he was fuddenly the commons, when he was made attor- Aruck in the head and floraach, and being jwy-general. carried to the earl of Arundel's houfe As the court thought that Ins condenv jy tb«re, ne expired after a week's illnefs, nation and punimroent would satisfy the April 9, 1626 ; without any iflue by his commons, and divert them entirely from wife, who was a daughter of alderman the profecution of Buckingham, but were Barn ham of London, whom he married at the feme time afraid, that if he appear- when about the age of 40, and with ed.aod flood upon his .defence, his elo- whom he received a plentiful fortune. quence and what he had to offer againfl Notwithstanding the great hurry and" the charge, might procure an acquittal, buAle he appears to have been concerned they commanded him not to appear in in, from his firft entering upon bufineft, peribn, but to fend aconfeflion of all be E to the moment of his condemnation, yet was accufed of to die houfe in writing 5 * even during that bufy time he often em. which arbitrary command he was fo faints ployed himfelf in making experiments, hearted as to comply with, trailing to and publifhed fome of his philosophical Che king's promise, that he mould have a works, which is a proof of the vail ex- pardon^ and a remtfnon of his fine, toge- tent of his genius. From them it appears, tner with a pennon during life 4 and upon that he may juftly be reckoned the chief bis confeffion be was Sentenced to pay a among thofe who firft began to free the fine of 40,0004. to be itftprifoned in the p world from the flaviih chains of the old Tower during the king's pleafure, to be fuholaftick learning, and to introduce true /or ever incapable of any office, place or phUofophy, and ufeful knowledge ; there* employment in the commonwealth ; and fore, whatever he may have deteryed for never to fit again m parliament, or come his politicks from the generation in which within the verge of the court* he lived, to pofterity his memory has been, Thus this great man was made the and will always be facred. fcape-goat, as it often happens, for a To conclude, bis lharader feems to higher criminal 3 and tho' he had in his have been a perfed contrail ; for he ap* life-time got a great deal of money by his G pears to have been ambitious, yet daflard* poAsand his profemon, for he was in Jy; fludious, yet bu filing; avaiitious, yet every great canfe that happened whilft he negligent of money ; virtuous yet vena) 3 was at the bar, yet he had purchafed but fond of a character, yet ready to facrifice a very (mall eftatc of about ©ool. a year, It upon every occafion $ and of a penc-r and was fo far from having any ready mo* (rating and folid judgment in all forte of January, 1753, & literature* Digitized by UOOQ IC

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w 26 EWORLD, anewVAPti: " . JaiC l.terature, bat weak in the condud of art of mourning. He gives common life. If he had confined his ambition fenfe to philofophers, candour to dit- to that of being a great philofopher and putants, modefty to criticks, decency to a learned man, as he bad friends enough men of fafhion, and frugality to tradef- to have provided for him in fomefine- cure men. For farther particulars, enquire po(l that would have furnimed him a at the place above-mentioned, or of any Jundfome fubfiftence, he might have of the kings and princes in Europe, Ana* lived happily, and died with glory un- j^ Africa, or America, tallied j but he afte&ed to be a ftatefman, N. B+ The doctor performs his opera - and might indeed have been an ufeful tions by lenitives and alteratives ; never minifter to a great and wife prince ; but applying corroftves, but when inveterate as his lot was under a weak one, and ill habits have rendered gentler methods as he had not the refolution to ad- ineffectual. here to the counfels he gave, he lived in continual agonies, and died under a Having thus fatisfied the pubKck of publick reproach. How common is it R my amazing abilities, and having, no , ft>r men, even of* the moft mining ta- *» doubt, raifed its curioftty to an extraor- lents, to miiUkc the true road to hap- dinary height, I mall descend, all at pinefs J ' once, from my dodorial dignity, to ad • _ _ _ ..,,«,. drefs myfelf to my readers as the the au- WORLD, h Adam Fit*- Ada*., clHod> ^ yf0fLl^ ^ made tn firfi Appearance, to he conti- My ^fi^ in th5f p^ri, to ridicule, W^Thurfday *. Ittdefignu, bu- ^^ novdty an(j gbod-humour, the meroufly to expofeand correB **"*«* *** Q fafluons, follies, vices and abfuTdities of Fol/ies of [the 4gej which wtti appear that part of the hi|nMn fpccks ^j^ h the fi/lovnng ExtraS from tbn fifi ^^ itfelf the Woexd, and to trace it _?*' thro* all its bufinefe,' pleafores and arrrefe- Hoevcr is acquainted with the wri- ments. But tao* my fiibje&s will chiefly tings of thofe eminent practitioners confine me to the town, I do not mean in phyfick, who make their appearance never to make excursions into the couri- eitber in hand -bills, or in the weekly try 5 on the contrary, when the profits or daily papers, will fee clearly that~ of thefe lucubrations have enabled mo there is a certain and invariable method to fet up ' a one-horfe chair, I mall of fpeaking of one's felf to every body's take frequent occafions of inviting my Satisfaction. I ft all therefore introduce reader to a feat in it, and of driving toy own importance to the pubtick, him to fcenes of pure air, tranquillity as near as I can, in the manner and and innocence, from finoke, harry and tvords of thofe gentlemen ; not doubt- intrigue. ing of the fame credit, and the (ame ad- My readers will, I hope, excofe me, vantages. if . they mould find me very fparing at%*, ««>~,««w„*rm Eof motto's to theftr eflays. I kno*r ADVERTISEMENT. vcry wdl> that a |ittk 1^ or^reek, "O be (J>oke with every Tmitfday at to thofe * who underftand no language TulJy's head, in Pall-mall, Adam but Englifh, is both fatisfa&ory and eo> Fitz-Adam j who after 40 years travel thro* tertaining. It gives an air of dignity all the parts of the known and unknown to a paper, and is a convincing proof, world; after having inveftigated all fci- that the author is a perfbn of profound ences, acquired all languages, and en- learning and erudition, But m the tered into the deepeft receffes of nature p opinion of thofe who are in the fecret and the paffions, is at laft, for the e- of fitch motto's, the cuftora is, as Shake- molument and glory of his native conn- pear fays, more honoured in the- breach try, returned to England 5 where he un- than the obfervancej a motto being ge- tiertakes to cure alPthe difeafes of the ne rally chofen after the ©flay is Written), human mind. He cures lyiifg, cheat- and hardly ever having affinity to it ing, fwearing, drinking, gaming, ava- tyro' two paragraphs together. Bat \ ' rice and ambition in the men $ and have a ftfonger rea(bn for declining thie envy, (lander, coquetry, prudery, va- cuftom r It is, that the follies I intent! nity, wanton nefs and inconftaney in G frequently; to treat of, and the charat>et« the women. He undertakes, by a fafe, I mall from time to time exhibit 10 m£r pfeafart'and fpcedy method, to get huf- readers, will be filch as the Greeks ani bands for young maids, and good-hu- Romans were entirely unacquainted with, mour for old- ones. He inftru&s wive*, It may perhaps be expe&ed, before I after the eafieft and neweft Camion, ra difmifs this piper, that I ihould uka * the art ef pleafing, and widows in the " ' little^ • Primed fir R. Dodfley, in Pall MaJ^ ' Digitized by VjOOQIC ^pc

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*755- Modiaty and Assurance, a Fable.' 27 little notice of my ingenious brother an- low travellers, they entertained hopes there, who are obliging the publick with of aflifting each' other, and of (hort- their daily and periodical labours. With ning the way by dividing the cares of it. all thefe gentlemen I defire to live in Aflurance, who was drefled lightly in peace, friendship and good neighbour- a fummer (ilk and fliort petticoats, and hood j or if any one of them mould who had fomething commanding in her think proper to declare war agalnft me voice and prefence, found the ume eafy unprovoked, I hope he will not infiftA accefs as before to the cailles and palaces upon my taking farther notice of him, upon the way; while Modefty, who than only to fay, as the old ferjeant did fbllowed her in a ruffet gown, fpeaking Co his en(wn who was beating him, I low, and calling her eyes upon the htfitcb jwrbtitwr "not f burt yourjdf. ground, was, as ufual, pufhed back by the porter at the Kate, till introduced by The WORLD Tan. 1 1. ncr companion ? whofe fashionable a ppear- * * ance and familiar addrefs got admiiTion for IN this paper the writer humouroufly R both. fets forth the ufefuJnefs.and necef- a And now, by the endeavours of each fity of vanity and aflurance in an author, to fupport the other, their difficulties and informs the criticks that he has the vanished, and they faw themfelves the pleafare of (landing extremely high in favourites of all companies, and the. bis own opinion j but then he chufes parties of their pleafures, feftivals ana to temper vanity with humility j having amufements. The fallics of AiTurance sometimes found, that a man may be were continually checked by the delicacy too arrogant, as well as too humble : of Modefty j and the blufhes of Mo- Thff it muft always be acknowledged, that C defty were frequently relieved by the vi- ta affairs of enterprize, which require vacity of Aflurance j who, tho* me was Jrrerjth, genius or activity, aflurance Jbmetimes detected at her old pranks, trill fucceed where modefty will fail. which always put her companion out To fet forth the utility of blending of countenance, was yet fo awed by Aefe two virtues, and to exemplify in her prefence, as to ftop fhort of offence, a particular inftance the fuperiority of Thus in the company of Modefty, Af- the former, he gives us the following (urance gained that reception and eflcem, fable. q which (he had vainly hoped for in her Modefty, the daughter of knowledge, abfencej while Modefty, by means of and Aflurance, the offspring of igno- her new acquaintance, ktpt the beft com- raoce, met accidentally upon the road* pany, feafted upon delicacies, and flept and as both had a long way t6 go, and in the chambers of ftate. AiTurance, had experienced from former hardihips, indeed, had in one particular the af- rlut they were alike unqualified to pur- cendency over her companion : For if lue that journey alone, they agreed, not- any one aflced Modefty whofe daughter wtthftanding the oppofition in their na- (he was, (he blufhed and made no an- tures, to lay afide all animotities, and E fwer j while Aflurance took the advan- for their mutual advantage, to travel tage of her filence, and impofed herfelf together. It was in a country where upon the world as the offspring of there were no inns for entertainment; knowledge. fo that to their own addrefs, and to the In this manner did the travellers pur- hofpitafity of the inhabitants, they were rue their journey 5 AiTurance taking the *oi*inualry to be obliged for provition lead thro* the great towns and cities, and lodging. and apologizing for the rufticity of her Aflurance had never failed getting ad- p companion ; while Modefty went fore- mtttancc to the houfes of the great j but moft thro* the villages and hamlets, and it had frequently been her misfortune to excufed the odd behaviour of Aflurance v be turned out of doors, at a time when by prefenting her as a courtier. file was promifing herfelf an elegant It. happened one day, after having entertainment, or a bed of down to reft meafured a tedious length of road, that upon. Mcdefty had been excluded from they came to a narrow river, which by ail foch houfes, and compelled to take a hafty fwell had warned away the bridge (belter in the cottages of the poor j that was built over it. As they ftood upon where, tho' (he had leave to continue G the bank, calling their eyes upon the op- as long as (he pleafed, a trufs of ftraw pofite more, they faw at a little diftance a had been her ufual bed, and foots, or magnificent caftle, and a crowd of people Ae coarfeft provition her conftant re- inviting them to come over. Aflurance, paft. But as both, by this accidental who ftopped at nothing, throwing afide meeting, were become friends and ftl- the covering from her limbs, plunged P a almoft Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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*8 KING'S SPEECH. LORDS ADDRESS.. Jan^ almoft naked into the ftream, and fwam national debt, the improvement of the fafely to the other fide. Modefty, of- publick revenue, and augmenting th« fended at the indecency of her companion. finking fund. and diffident of her own ftrength, would Then having taken notice of the laws have declined the danger} but being made laft fefllon. for foppreHing thofe Urged by Aflurance, and derided for her crime* 'and diforders which had been fa* cowardice by the people on the other Juftly complained of, he tells both houfes* Ude, (he unfortunately ventured beyond ^ that whatever was further neceftary to her depth, and opprefled by her fears, perfect fo laudable a work, dejerved their as well as entangled by her cloaths, which Serious ennfideration j that whilft we en- were bound tightly about her. imme- joy peace abroad, we may maintain goo4 «Jiately disappeared, and was driven by order and regularity at home s And con* the current none knows whither. It is eludes with afluring them, that his hearty laid, indeed, that (he was afterwards concurrence and endeavours would never taken up alive by a fi/herman upon the be wanting* in any tntng that may pro* Englr/h coaft, and that (hortly (he will fi mote their welfare and profperity. be brought to this metropolis, and 9 fnewn to the curious of both fexes with. 72* Loans Annans, frefentedm Jan. i*, the furprixing Oromtto Savage, and the Wonderful Panther Mare. Mfi Gracious Sovereign, Affurance, not in the lead daunted, \\T^ your majefty's moft dutiful and $urfued her journey alone j and tho* W loyal fubjects, the lords fpiritual not altogether as fuccefsfully as with and temporal in parliament aflerabled, beg her companion, yet having learnt, in leave to return your majefty our humblt particular companies, . and upon particular Q thanks for your moA gracious fpeech from qccafions, to aflume the air and manner the throne. of Modefty, (he was received kindly at Your majefty** paternal care of yon* every honfe, and at laft arriving at the people, in eftablUhtng the peace, can re-t end of her travels, (he became a very ceivc no addition, but from your conftant great lady, and rofe to be firft maid of and vigilant endeavours to preferve to» honour to the queen of the country. them the happy fruits of it. Whilft we gratefully remember the one, and feel the ON Thurfday, Jan. i t, the parliament food effects of the other, we do, with the met, when his majefty made a moil Djufteft confidence, rely on your majefty's gracious fpeech from the throne, in which experienced wifdom and goodnefs, in •di- ne tells both houfes, that he had received reeling all your views and negotiations to fo many proofs of the good affections and that defirable end. zeal of his people for his perfon and go- It gives us great fatisfaftion to be in* vemment, that every opportunity of meet- formed from the throne, of the good dif- ing them in parliament gave him a new pofltion of all the powers in alliance with latisfaetion : That the maintenance of the your majefty to maintain the prefent tran- general peace, was fo defirable for all £u- £ quillity. Convinced that this is the real rope, that all his views and negotiations intereft of the other nations of Europe, had been entirely calculated and directed as well as e-ur own, we rejoice in every to preferve it, and (ecure its duration : event that may give ftrength and (blidity That be was (till proceeding, and (hould? ' to the provisions made by the general de- continue to act, upon the fame principle ; finitive treaty. We are deeply fenfible, nothing being capable of giving him fo that nothing can Co much contribute tg much comfort, as that his good fubjects thefe purpofes, as the influence of your may long enjoy the happy fruits of the,- majefty, and the crown of Great-Britain : prefent tranquillity : And that be had the »A And we beg leave to allure you of our Utisfaction to be aflured of a good difpo- reiblution and earneftnefs to ftrengthen, fition in all the powers in alliance with your majefty's hands $ and, fo far as de- bim, to adhere to tho fame falutary ob- pends upon us, to add weight to your ject. meafures to render the peace durable, tor Then his majefty acquaints the houfe the common good of Europe j the lading of commons, that he had no fupplies to benefit of your own kingdoms j and the> afk of them, but what mould be neceflary fecurity of our commerce and navigation s for the ordinary fervices, and fuch as had Q The, fupport and advancement whereof, been already communicated to them, and we confider as the great fource and folioS for the fecurity of the nation, and the ban's of our riches and ftrength* fupport of its trade and commerce ; and Your majefty's concern for our doroef- earncfUy recommends the continuance of tick happinefs appears in nothing mort, thek attention to the reduction of tht than in fo gracioufly recommending- ta 5 y«**. Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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I 1753- COMMONS ADDRESS,^. 2* your parliament the (alutary work of your allies, of their good difpoArion to inaiiiUining food order and regularity adhere to the fame fctatary objec*. amongft the people. We look upon it as Your uithfal commons, with the trueft eflcntial to the national happinefs j and zeal and duty, promife your majefty to as the moft tikslf means, not only to en- raife with chearfulntfs, unanimity, and title us to your majefty 'a gracious appro- difpatch, inch fupplies as mall be found hatioo, but to draw down upon us the neceflary for the fecurity of the nation, protection of the divine Providence. a and the fupport of its trade and com- To repeat only our folamn aflurances roeree, fo enential to the well-being of of unfeigned gratitude, tor the ineftima- this country. hje bkffings we enjoy under your aufpki- We cannot rafflciently teftify our grate- ous government, would not fufficiently fulfrnfeof your majefty 's provident con- cacrircft the warmth of thole fcntixnents cern for the welfare of this nation, in re- wfeich we red in our hearts. Our loyal- commending again to our attention the ty, duty, and afte&ion, to yourfacred leaning of the national debt j anddoaf- perfon, are raifcd to the greateft height i fare your majefty, that we will take into And our zeal for the eafe, profperity, » our ftrious confideration the beft meant and true glory of your reign, and for per- to improve the publick revenue, where- aetuatiug the fucceuion to this crown, by the heavy load of our debts may bo Which you wear withfo much luftre, in put in a method of being gradually re- ft race of princes defcended from yourieif, duced, and the national credit, already at inripaN* of any addition. in a flourUbing condition, be firmly efta- "" blUhed. MSt Ma jas t v'i aaaff Cradmi Anfwcr. We further beg leave to afiure your ma- q jefty, that, whilft we reflect with grati- JWy iMrds, tude upon the blefllngs of peace abroad, Return you my thanks for this very and enjoy the daily fruits of the eonti- _ loyal and dutiful addrefs. Nothing nuance of it, we will not be wanting in can give me greater fatisfa&on, than our endeavours to preferve good order and thefe foiemn aflurances of the continuance regularity at home j happy m this conf- er your seal and afte&jon for my perfon, vjdion, that, from the whole tenor of family, and government. I firmly rely your majefty's aufpicious reign, we are 00 your fspport ; and you may depend fure of your majefty's hearty concurrence on my hearty concern for your true into- Din every mearore, which may tend to pro- jefts. mote the true interests and proijjerity of your people. 4feCoatuovs Aoeaiss, preftmted Jan. 13, Vi$ Ma jiiTY*# wef Gracious Answii* Mcfi Gracious Swtreign, WS your majefty's moft dutiful and Gentltmmt loyal fubjea*, the commons of y T H A N K you moft heartily for thtt Great-Britain in parliament anembled, g £ very affectionate addrefs : Your zeal humbly beg leave to return your majefty for the good of the publick, and for my" our hearty thanks for your moft gracious government, cannot but afford me the fpeech from the throne 5 .and to cpngra- higheft iatisfa&ion* My chief concern tnlatc your majefty upon your (aic and will always be for the happinefs of my happy arrival In this kingdom. people. Permit us, Sir, to exprefs our fincere jpy, that the dutiful conduct of your ma- Tit INSPECT O.R, Jan. ifr. joAy's faithful commons has been reward- . . od with your royal approbation, and to F Nunquam •ItuA nttura tdiui foatos imt. afture your majefty of the continuance of JvviHAt. that teal and ajbaion for your perfon and pONSTANTlA was pouefled of government, which your majefty's con- \a many amiable qualities 5 and but Sant attention to the happinefs of your for love could not perhaps have been ac- peopte fo juftly demands. cufod of one human frailty. It was her We moft ever acknowledge your maje- fortune to be born in Holland, daughter fty's wifdonv as well a* goodneft, in pur- to a nun of affluent fortune amafled by fuW fiich aaeafuresas may beftcontri- q commerce, and lifter to an officer of buteto maintain, and render permanent, ^rank 5 the father could not be more de- the general tranquillity in Europe. And voted to his wealth, than the brother fiifter us, Sir, at the lame time, to de- jealous of his honour. Conftantia was dare our (atiUkclion at the aflurancea the care and the delight of both j me in- wftieh your majefty \m receive^ from. herite4 froaa her father, prudence j and ' from

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go JffMing Story */ CONSTANTIA. Jan: from her brother, that cbafte reServe, he expected the doe regard on one hand* and elevated dignity, which, if they are and the obedience on the other, Should bo noble in our own fcx, always appear with paid to wnatfoever were the decisions of a fuperior luftre in the other. his lather. Born to fuch qualities, poffefled of fo No paffion is fo easily flattered as lore, many virtues, what was there could fob- None hopes fo foon ; nor does any near due Conftantia's heart ? One thing alone, a difappointment worfe. What was fo but that famous for levelling all ranks, ^eafily obtained from the brother, the fa- and burying diftinftion. A Britim officer, ther absolutely refufed t And the fon, in a man who had inherited from an illuftri- whom a filial obedience was a.firft prin- oua family all their fpirit and greatnefs, ciple, exaded from his friend a promife, but none of their pofleffions ; whofe heart under that fan&ion, more facred to a fol- * was rich in npblenefs, but whofe fword, dier than an oath, his honour, never to like the poor Chamont's, was all his por- foUicit the objed of his wishes afterward, tion, ferved in the troops commanded by LySander would at any time have facri- hcr brother. It was eafy to distinguish in _ ficed his life to Such an engagement } but him a foul and a defcent, ill fuited to his *» here was more, his love j and that proved fortune. His colonel did not want the too powerful. fpirit to difcern on fuch occasions t He The fury of a Romim persecution had pitied, he honoured, and he loved him. joft at this time driven the worthy Mira, The refpect with which he was received a pattern of firm friend/hip and true In the family, firft drew ConfUntia's eyes . piety, with her little family, to Holland i upon him : She thought it merit to com- The friendly heart of our Conftantia had paffionate, and glory to reverence what renewed an early intimacy ; and raisfor- her brother pitied and admired $ and love, Q tune had thrown in an additional claim of that follows fwift upon the heels of ten- tendernefs to her aSTedion. In all things dernefs, when joined with true efteem, but her love Mira had been the confidante foon took the place of every other paffion. of her fair friend t She had follidted to JLySander, whofe modefty would not know the caufe of a melancholy that was have afpired to love, whofe gratitude and now grown almoft to defpair j but me friendship would not have fuftered him to had prefled in vain. At length what She be ambitious on fuch terms, could not be had fo often requeued ineffectually*, the forry that he was beloved. He few then miserable friend Communicated. «« You firft of her fex in merit, as well as qua-™ ImvefccnLylander—interruptmenotwith lity, regard him with a look of tender- his praifes — I am with child/* nefs, beyond the power of friendship or If her religious friend Started at this, of companion : He furTered that flame to with what horror did She attend to the re- glow unto the full height, whofe firft folves that followed. " I know, con- Sparks he had fmothered ; he watched his tinued the defpairing Conftantia, the fury opportunity, and he difclofed his grati- of my brother will not be contented with tude and adoration : He pleaded with a lefs facrifice than my life, that of the fucceft j and the lady, above all difguife, g unregarded unborn infant, and its un- did not affect to hide her willingnefs to happy father. No lefs atonement will in hear him, and to be perfuaded. his rigid eye wipe off the infamy from his When there are greater difficulties, the family. Great ills muft be furTered to ob- leSTcr vanim : Had there been no condi- viatc greater : I have referred what courfe ttons neceflary to Lyfander's happinefs to take. There is but one way, and I but the conSent of Conftantia, that had conjure your eternal and inviolable fe- perheps been . for a time with-held j and crecy when I have difclofed it. I mall re- form prevailed againft a real inclination : tire to Harlem. I (hall live there un- But before a necefiity of the confent of a F known, if poffible unfeenand unsttendeds father, and the approbation of a brother, I muft encounter the hour of pain alone ; both neceflary, and both at leaSt not ea- -and if I furvive, thefe hands muft kill the fily obtained, this was as nothing. offspring of our tendernefs. — If I return, The tafk was difficult j but it muft be be Secret ; if not, I do require it of you attempted. SucceSs was eagerly defired 5 to tell LySander how it was I perifhed." and form fubmitted to neceffity. What The Stream of tears than ran unwip'd muft have been denied to the lover, the along the cheeks, the neck of the devoted lady follidted with her own voice : TheQ Conftantia, were hardly more than thofe brother was the moft likely to be gained, of her aftoniffied friend. " I have bound and he was firft addrefled. He honoured- myfelf to fecrecy, replied (he, and on one her for her judgment,- and he applauded condition I will keep it. It is not a diffi- ber disinterested paffion : He congratu- cult one, and if you deny mt, God, be- lated his friend j but he told them, that fore whom 1 made the oath, be witneSa between Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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*753' Zhehmift Country manVCoMPt a r nt, fcfo 31 between you and me, it it no crime* to ooff th* countree, mall breake (town my break it. Promife me, that before you fences, tread my coorn under foote, ley the hands of death upon the poor in* and threaten maw in to'th* bargin, if nocem, yon will draft tt, kifs its little I dat but oppen my mouth. We reed lips, and once git* it fuck.*' The pro- i'trT fkripture, that the beefts of the tnife was made, and the unhappy fair one feeld. and the fowls of the yair, wore .went her way. meade for the yeufe of man, but not All people were amazed 5 the family ^ for the yeufe of gentilmen. I have read was tfiftrefled 5 the lover diftraaed. A aw the acks oore and oore, and odmeart, few weeks called him away on private af- I conno find one word of the bi- bill in Airs to Britain. It was many months be- 'um. If they wowd maack a law 'gairrft fore the difconfotate Mira heard from her pochin, let 'um begin with th* parfon, friend : At length a (hort letter, barren o'th* parrifh, for he's the greateft i'tV -of circumfrancc, invked her to Harlem, hole countree ; but, how'd theer, if they She knew the hand of her Conftantia, (how'd infringe his pre-rogue-alive, as bat {he trembled at the (Hence to all inci- _ like as not, he maack a bilthy buftfo dents. She went in private : She flop- *> abaut it, cry out the church was in den- ped half dead with agony at the little gcr, as he do's for the loft of a toitbpig, cottage: Her pale friend opened the ho- and fo draw the whole countree to our fpitabie door to her with one hand, and fade, and prevent monny a poor feiN in the other held the fmiling pledge of her ho from going to the Warn- Hinges, nnviolated promife : " I have obeyed you, So, having made my kafekooown to Mira, faid fhe, fmiling in all her weak- ye, I arreft myfcll, Sur, nefe, I have ojieyed the terms which you Your very umbell farant. impoftd 1 and nature has done, all the P — - reft" ** The Life pf the Mcft R*utr**d Dr. JOHK Far from dtfeovery, there was not fuf- T * LLOTSO tf, A^cbhijb^ of Ca*. picion. All vrasfecret that had happened. Tiaauar. With bit Hia* curhufy Conftantia was received with rapture by • *ngr*wed* her family; but that was little ! Lyfander T"\R« John TiHotfon, archbiffiop of was returned, poflefled of an ample for- xJ Canterbury, was lineally defended tune. He married the refened object of from a younger branch of the ancient fa- ho true paflion ; he brought her to his n mily of Tlliton, of Tjlfton in Chefhire, country, m which (he lived and died, an*' the Doctor's great grandfather having been honour to an honourable family. the firft who changed his name to TiHotfon, and was fucceeded by his fon George, Tie Couirra ratAN -a COMPLAINT whofe fon and heir was Roberf the father again/I tb* Game- Act. of the archbi/hop. This Robert was a confiderable clothier, and lived at a houfe 5 u R» called Haugh-End in Sowerby, in the pe> I A M a pfeam countree feflho, and rifti of Halifax, Yorkshire, where his tho'ff I faay't that fhowd not fcay't, E ^Idefi fon John was born, the latter end an honeft won. I love my countree, of September or the beginning of OAo- kllow my plough, get my own children, ber 1630, having been baptized the 3d of go to church on a Sunday, and read the O&ober that year, as appears hy the re- Geraal once a weeck to my countree nigh- gifter of that pariJh, tho* his father was boars. We find theerby that, when foke a zealoui Calvfoift, or Puritan, at they bui aggrieved, they apply themfels to were then called, and by fome faid t6 fcome fuk foke as yeo to maake their have been an Anabaptift, which after- kafc knoown. The matter Is thus— we p wards gave ground for the calumny, that hear the parl-meant (but how trew it his (on John was never baptited. ■ k we knoow no') is gooing to maake it . Tho* Robert had but a ftnalteftate, yet W hooey and transformation to kill the . he gave this his eldefl (on John a liberal frame. New, yeo muft knoow that I education, and in 1647, got him admitted and monny of- us countree foke dan't penfioner of Clare-hall m the univerfity Uke it at all, I have a fmaal cott of my of Cambridge, under the tutorfhipof Mr. town, with a tin'y bit a graund to't, David Clarkfon, who was afterwaids a and con voat for kneet o'th' (hicr, and famous diflenting teacher. In i6ct, Mi\ *ris very hard that I may'rit be toller- G Clarkfon having got a fiving, his pupil hated to kill a paster-hedge, or hayer, Mf. John TiHotfon fucceeded him in his . in tnony oown graund, tho'ff (he tpoiled fellowship, being then bachelor of arts, aM eat me more p^tn coorn and gard* and in 1654 he commenced mailer of arts, 4n fluff than her head's worth} whilft In 1656, or the beginning of 1657, he aur b'oobie fquoire, and half the re*kes came to London, and was made precep- ts* Digitized by VjOOQiC

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$t Life *f ArcVbifbop TILLOTSON. Jan; tor to the eldeft (en of Edmund Prideaux bqjy, which he held until he waa^advanccd of Ford-Abbey in Devonfhire, Efqj then ' to the deanery of that church in October attorney-general Xo Oliver Cromwell* 167a, by king Charles II. with whom he which fon was afterwards made famous was, it feems, a great favourite, the* by the perfecution be met with after bifliop Burnet has affertcd the contrary j Monmouth** rebellion. and it is probable that about this time he Thus it appears that Mr.Tillotibn, during wai made one of the king's chaplains* . the flrft part of his life, was bred up^ In 1674, the dean was again concerned, amoagft the duTenters, and among them he with feveral eminent divines, in forming 6rft began to preach \ for the firft of his a new fcheme for the comprebenoon of Sermon* that appeared in print, was all proteltants, which proved fausfsyetory preached at the morning exercife at Crip- to many of the duTenters, but the majori- plegate, and with feveral other fermons ty of the bifliops refuting to agree to ma- preached there, published in 1661 ; but ny particulars in it, this fcheme likewife having loft his fellowship at the reftora- proved abortive. tion, the Came having been reftored to s Dec. 18, 1675, be was prefented to the Dr. Gunsing, who had been expelled by B prebend of Ealdland, in the cathedral of the romp parliament, he about thw time St. Paul's, which on Feb. 14, 1677-8, he took orders from Dr. Sydferf, who had refigned for that of pxgate, and a refi- eeenhUhop of Galloway in Scotland* and denttarimip in the fame church, being then at London, ordained all thofb In- 1680, the dean, by a formon ho of the Engli(h clergy that came to him, preached, drew upon lumfelf a rtonn without demanding of them either oaths both from churchmen and diffenters $ or fubfcriptions. for being accidentally called upon to From this time Mr. Tillotfon dedicated £ preach r before the king at Whitehall, iumielf to the church, and became curate April %> in his (ermon, which was upon at Chcihunt in Hertfordshire 5 focn after Jo ningof 1668, he was one of the principal In 1683, another affair happened that perfoas concerned in the fcheme for a brought great cenfure upon the dean, comprehenflon of all protectants, which Q which was thus.) When the lord RuAet can never take effect whilft creeds and con- was condemned for high trealbn, he feflions of faith are made a part of the fent for the dean and Dr. Gilbert Burnet, eflablUhment. March 14, 1669-70, the afterwards bilhop of Salifbury, to at- Doctor was admitted to the prebend of tend him, as clergymen, in prifon, wajoss the fecond iUll in the cathedral of Carter* they a$corchn|Iv didj and, as it warn jnflnuated* Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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$#. fartcf Atcmjbep TILLOTSON. 33 that hi* lordmip might be the dean was one, to prepare matters to pardoned if he would acknowledge the be Confidered by the convocation, do&rine of non-refiftance in its full ex- Accordingly the convocation met on tent, and declare that, in his opinion, the (aid day, and the dean was propofed nothing could juftify a rebeHton or con- by the moderate party, to be chofen pro- foiracy againft the government, both locator of the lower houfo ; but the high nefe divine* endeavoured to perAiade church party, who had now transferred Mm to do fo, and the former went fo ^ their fears from Popery to Prefbytery, far a* to write him- a letter upon the having a great majority in this atiembly, fobjee), in which he endeavoured to Dn jane was propofed by them, and prove both from reafbn, fcripture, and chofen by two to one, which put an end fcw, that refiftanee fa not lawful, even to whatever had been agreed on by the tho* our religion and rights mould be commiflioners, as they thought it needlefa As that noble lord, notwlth- to lay any moderating regulations before (boding the temptation of his two fpi- fuch an immoderate afleinbly 5 nor have attanl guides, bravely difdaincd to pur- • we now any authentick account of the chafe &ie fife by a profeYfion which would " proceedings of this comnaiflion j but in have been of fuch dangerous confe- the dean's common* place book, there is uaetsce to the liberties of his country, a copy of 8 conceftions, which he thoughc and as the government had got pofieifion would probably be made by the church of of this letter, they, without the dean's England for the union of Proteftants, confetti, pubhihed it by way of anfwer and which, he there fays, he had fent to so the noble lord's fpeech to the (heriffs the earl of Portland the (aid 13th of Sep- at his execution 5 and this expofed the tember $ the chief of which is, that in- terns to much contumely from one Q ftead of all former declarations and. fub- party at that time, arid from another fcriptions to be made by minifters, they party afterwards ; but it probably pre- mould only fubferibe one general decla- ventcd his being obliged to Ay beyond ration, and promife as follows . That we fee, as Dr. Burnet foots after was obliged' do Aibmit to the doctrine, difcipline, and to do, for his (afety. worfhip of the church of England, as it But if thefe were fincerely the dean's (hall be eftablifhed by law, and promife fentknents at that time, the violence to teach and pradife accordingly. and madnefs of the next reign made n Notwithftanding the dean's appearing* him change them ; for he was one of "to be no favourite with the clergy, yet the the fids to approve not only of the re- king continued nxt in the refolution he vc hit ion, but of the fettlement of king had feven months before taken, to make William and aueen Mary upon the throne: him archbiOiop of Canterbury, in cafe and, March 27, 1689, be was appointed Dr. Sancroft, the then archbifhop, mould derk of the clofet to the king. allow htmfelf to be deprived rather than As feveral hKhoprfcks became vacant |ake the oaths ; and the dean for a long; by the incumbents refuting to take the time continued obftinate in refuting this Oaths to the new government, (and pity £ high promotion 5 fo that in the ufeal ft was that fuch oaths were appointed, words pol* tpificpari he was either fincere, is it did nofervice to the government, or a moil extraordinary hypocrite, the and great harm to religion) the dean Jart of which wehavenoreafon tofufpc^K was prefentry thought of for one of them; However, upon the king's iofiftin^, he but as be was neither ambitious nor was at lad obliged to accept, upon Dr. avaritious, he abfolutety refufed the fa- Sancrofc's being deprived, and by due four, contenting hlmfelf with the deanery courfe of law ejected out of the palace *f, •f St. Paul's inftead of Canterbury, as „ Lambeth, which till then he, would not the former was more convenient for * quit. Accordingly, April sj, 1601, the him and was then vacant by the pro- dean was nominated to the archhimoprick sWtfon of Dr. Stillingfleet to the bi- in council, elected by the chapter, May 16, afopricfc of Worcefter, upon the death and coufecrated the lad day of thai of hV. Thomas, one of the nonjuring month. June 4, he was fworn of the tUhops 1 and he was accordingly inftallcd privy council ; July 1 1, he had a reditu- On Nor. at, 1689. tion of the temporalities, and at the fame Sept. 13, 1689, his wajefty, in pur- time the queen granted him all the profits stance or an addreft from the houfe o/G of the fee from the Michaelmas preceding, commons, fummoned a convocation to which amounted to 1500I. but he did sheet, Nov. 2 J, following, and at the not go to refide at the palace till the a6th seme time, in purfuance of a propofal of next November, snade by the dean, he iffucd a commiftion If he was before pelted by the nonjur- *> ten bi/hops, and 10 divines, of, whom log clergy, and his letter to lord Rtiffef January, 175)* ft often *

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$4 QbjeBions to a Solution of a Math. §>uefHo*> &fc. . Ja^; often thrown in his teeth, they became hath no where endeavoured to prove* now outrageous, and even fent fome of that triangles not ftanding on the famp their libels to his lady : but tho' many of bafe between the fame parallels, of them were printed, he was fo far from equiangular, are fimilar. But allowing feeking any legal revenge, that he ufed Mr. Noorthouck to have truly found tho nil his intereft with the government to two fides by his two firft propofition* prevent profecution j yet notwithftanding (which I deny) I dare affirm he is tho this moderation, he was one of thofe ex- ^ only gentleman that values himfelf for cepted in the abdicated king's declaration his knowledge in lines, that ever, by of pardon, fent over here in April, 169a, having three fides of a trapezium, pro- before the1 affair of La Hogue. pofed to find the. fourth by fimilar pro- He did not live long to enjoy his high portion of fides, as Mr. Noorthouck'* preferment; for on Sunday, Nov. 18, 1694, third proportion (founded upon miftaken lie was taken ill while he was at chapel principles) would infinuate 5 for it is at Whitehall, but did not interrupt the felf-evident, that the three fides of an/ fervice s When it was over he was carri* trapezium might be the fame length * ed home, and his illnefs foon turning to m and the fourth, to compleat the figure, 0 dead palfy, he died the aad, and was ten times, &c. longer or (horter.— I • buried in the church of St. Lawrence hope the gentleman will not be difcou- Jewry. raged, but as probably his tafte may bo Notwithftanding the confiderable bene- more refined for conftru&ion, than cal- ftces he held for fo long a time, and tho* culation, he will oblige me with a geo- he never lived in any grand or voluptuous metrical conftru&ion of the fame queftion. manner, yet his private charities were You will conclude, Sir, from the above, fuch that he died poor, fo poor that king Q that Mr. Noorthouck is miftaken in hio William was forced to grant a penfion of proportions : I mould be wanting to> £Ool. a year to his widow, to which his ma- myfelf did I not • endeavour to make him jefty afterwards added aool. a year more, fenfible of it 5 which I thought could upon her fon- in-law Mr. Chadwick's not be (6 properly done aa by your Mags- dying fo poor as not to leave any thing sine. I am, SIR, lor his younger children, and 1000I. in Che(ham, Your very humble fervant, her debt, which he had not left aflets Dec, 14, 175a. Asa aha m Ston*. to pay 5 this Mr. Chadwick, a merchant ^ of London, having married the arch- U To the AUTHOR of the L OK D OK bimop's only child j for his grace had but MAGAZINE, two daughters, one of whom died un- married in io*S 1 ; fo that we cannot fup- SIR, pofc, that he impaired his fortune by "| N your Magazine for December, 1752,, extravagant provisions for his children. JL. p. 537, you favoured us with part 06 _ . _ .. ^ « - . . ^ M •> *> « Mr* Freke's Treatife on the Nature and r# the A U T H O R 'ftheL O N D O N Property of Fire j wherein that gentle- MAGAZINE. g ttjan aflerts, that the fame fire which iav $ ? *> univerfal in nature, is demonstrably tho IN your Magazine for Oft. laft, p. 46 j> fame which gives life to all creatures on Mr, Noorthouck endeavours to anfwer this earth ; which he feems to prove by a quetiion in your Magazine, p. 367 : the following experiment, viz. " Let at He not only cenfurcs me for being re- cat or any creature by placed with a light- snarkably tedious in my anfwer, but alfo ed candle, or any other portion of fire* taxes me for forgetting 18 Eucl. 5, in a certain fpace of common air, an feemingly exults on his concife method repeated, the event always the fame* of calculation $ but on reflection he will Now how it happens that the confequenco be /enable of "his miftake, and that. Euclid of the experiment made in an oven, Cwhkfr Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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1*753 • Cantos bbfervations on Gold and Silver L a c i . 35 (which Mr. Frekt particularly mentions) the fpinner, or in the engine, and the Jhould differ from that made in a glaft re- filk thus covered is made into lace by terror, is, I confefs, beyond the reach of the weaver. Thefe are the four hands toy capacity. I beg, Sir, that you will thro* which the manufacture paffss i Infert the above in your next Magazine, Our gold, our filver, and our filk are tioptag that Mr. Freke will affign fome the fame with thofe ufed by the French x fctisfaclory reafons, and you will oblige therefore if the produce be inferior, the Yours, &c. a fault muft lie in one of thefe. P. P. I (hall begin with the refiner, and en- quire whether it is there: As to the trom the INSPECTOR, Jan. 23. gilding, it is too eafy for miftakes $ and as the degree of it is proportioned to the Of GM mad Sifver Lace, and why the pTligC p*^ the refiner is not chargeable /train, f the gnat Detriment of the Na- ^h any thing about it. It is his fil- tion, it preferred ; with fome curima Oh- ^T on which it depends t And this the frmtimt on that Man*fa&urt. purchafers expect of a proper quality 4 FASHION is againft our own manu- B there being no difference of price. It fa&ures 5 but that the plearore of has been fuppofcd, that the putting toe the fovcreign may overcome. The gold great a quantity of the alloy into this, laces of Paris continue longer bright has debafcd it fo much below the French t than thofe of London 5 and the filver The alloy is copper, but the utmeft quan- laces of Lyons are originally of a better tity of this that can be introduced is fo eolour, and they continue fo. The rea- little, that the profit amounts to nothing} ion is in plain words this t More gold the fufpicton of their mixing lead is yet if put upon the lace of Paris than on £ more idle $ and as for thofe who have ears, and the filvcr of Lyons is purer* fancied that they debafe the metal with The difference between their gold lace tin, the fufpicion is owing to ignorance sod ours is however left than is imagined j alone t A fingle grain of tin would ren* jdtbo' that between the filver of France der ten pound weight of filver as brittle smd England is great » The fource of as fo much ice. If there be a fault this is therefore the moft worthy of en- therefore in the perfons of this pro- ejniry, and it is the more (b, as the ma- feflion, it is not from want of integrity, Dofadure of filver is the foundation of but from inattention : Whether any thing the other} and the beauty or imperfection Dof that be the cafe, themfelves will judge of both, in a great meafure owing to from the fucceeding observations; in the care and frill, or the neglect and which I mall trace this metal from its Ignorance, in the working of that article, moft rude appearance, to its greateft de- AU lace is made of fiHc covered with gree of perfection. Hatted wire, and this wire is filver : In Silver is found in almoft all parts of the filver laces this wire is plain : Their the world, but in different forms, and colour at firft, and their retaining the different degrees of purity and perfection t eelour in the wear, will principally be g Simple, or mixed with other fubftances* owing to the purity of that metal j and In America it is found in vaft abundance, cfris is the bufinefs of the refiner. For pure, and running in threads and plates, the making of gold laces, that wire is along the cracks of ft ones. This re- gpded • This alio it done by the refiner j quires little more than once melting to smd the colour, and duration of colour fit it for ufe. We have fome of this alfo m thefe will be owing, m g/eat part, in "Europe, but little. In other places the to the different quantity of gold em- natural filvcr is difguifed and blended with jrioyed, which is proportioned to the other minerals, and art muft be ufed to price paid by the laceman ; but it will r feparate it. In Germany it is frequent in be in fome degree owing alfo to the a. form like lead, brown, foft, and flexU purity or hardnefc of the filver, which We : In this the filver is mixed with mi- stakes the wire. As this is firmer *tis phur. In Hungary it is often found i* neore eafily wrought, and this firmnefs lumps like rofin, yellowim, and brittle ; is owing to the alloy $ but as it is fofter, This is yet more full of fulphur, and has that is, purer, it will both (hew and pre- a little copper in it. In Tranfylvania it is serve the gold better, provided a proper met with in angular lumps of a fine red eere be taken in the working of it. q colcur ; this is full of arVenick, and has The courfe of the manufacture is this. fome iron in it. In Norway they have e The refiner delivers the filver in a bar, little pure, but they find moft of it in gilt or plain t The wire- drawer forms it white clods, where it is mixed with cop- feto a round wire, which is afterwards per. In England our lend ore contains a ||aUcdj This is twjAcj round fiJfc by great deal of it, and we cxtra& it thence. $ * ' Thes> Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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$6 The btrrid Sin of P E R J U R Y. Jam Thefc different fubftanees contained £mg, our Creator ? If mortals #i€>okJ with filver in the particular ores I have never approach bis prefence without trenvr mentioned, are not eftablithed at mixed Wing, even tho* they intend to declare the) with them, on fliijncion; or from report* j truth: How audacioufly impious, how/ Ifpeak from experience, having feparated wonderfully wicked, muft that man be» them. Nor is this, tho* hitherto whoHy who dares to appear before him with, and unregarded, a fubjed of little' confidcra- call upon to be a wknefs to, afalfhood * tion. It may appear to many, that filver, £ There is no fin whatfoever, not even when pure, and perfectly refined, is the murder itfelf, that fo furely, and in fo same from whatfoever ore it have been ex- particular a manner, calls down its own traded j But either this is not the cafe, or pun i foment in this life, as perjury s An* dfe our workmen never do perfectly refine the reafon. for it is very plain and evident } it j for the filverfmlth, and for all other becaufe that abominable crime mart, io works, it is indeed the fame from what- many cafes, be hidden from, and efcape Jbevcr ore it be extracted : But for the lace the judgment of mankind, and be known trade, when the colour is to be preferved R only to the heart of the criminal, and to to ruch a nicety, it is not j the lead thing " God, whofe hory name he has pcoftituted, in die world affefts that, and all depends and made fubfervient to injuftice : And upon it. therefore if God did not, in a moft par- Our refiners are convinced, that the ticul a r manner, punifh it in this world,. Englim- made filver, that is, the filver ex* men would be too apt to conclude, he traced from lead, will never be brought did not regard, rule and govern it j nor to the true purity and brilliance of colour s would indeed the punilhment of thatr This is owing to fome particles of the horrible fin in the next world only, aiw lead (till remaining in it, and giving it a C fwer his wife ends in the moral re&itudt bluim caft. From this, which is what of this. they know upon experience, I (hall rea- The man who dares to take a falfo ion with regard to the reft. % oath muft, one mould think, believe that As the Englifh filver retains fome tine- God does not either know or regard it j ture of the lead, which makes it blue, and therefore God, wno is all goodnefs, the German will, retain fome tinge of its will furely convince him of the contrary, Culphur, which will make it quickly tar- by a juft and remarkable puniflimont. rim. The Hungarian will retain more of r\ The perjurer, who calls God to witneft this, as it has more fulphur m it, and his ralfhood, does furely, at the fame therefore it will tarnim fooner. The time, call down his own puniftiment. Per-* Tranfylvanian will retain fome of its ar-» jury, like poifon, certainly deftroys the feoick ) and the metal, tho* well colour- guilty taker. As the perjurer difclaimi ed, will be har/h, for arfenick has the ail future help from God, fo all the evils efie& of tin j and finally, the Norway of the world muft furround him $ his ilWcr, retaining fomewhat of its copper gold will difiblve into air, and all his tint, will ArfFer more than by a triple pofteflions vam(h like a dream : Inftead quantity of alloy. This is not fpecula- E of health, rottennefs will feize his bones, tion $ the refiners are convinced of one and age fuddenly furprize him, like a part of it, the reft 1 have proved, by ex- midnight thief x ficknefs and forrows will pofing to the air plates of the metal from fink him to the grave. — It is a great con- the different ores, and they have tarnUhed cern to me to fay, but it is a truth, that accordingly. this horrid crime is become too general in Jt is evident therefore, that if our re- this nation. The adminiftring an oath on fillers would ufe for the wire trade, only every (light occafion, and the indecent and the American filver, they would furnifh p irreverent manner in which it Is admi- wire of a better colour, and more lafting. niftred, tends not only to promote per- , „.„ „., jury, but to fubvert all truth and juftice. M oiher Oifirvationt of BaiTANNicus, The rpijit therefore thaf now appears a- Tl 9ArTHS,.,a ^^nfonEvening mong fome gentlemen of virtue, to alter Poft of Jan. 16, are the following, and .^lifh fomc obfolete and inconfiftent F men would but rightly confider the oaths, cannot be too much commended •. true nature of an oath, they would If oaths were feldomer taken, and in a. never take it without trembling, even tho* more awful manner adminiftered, it would, what they were about tofwear was truth. G in fome meafure, fupprefs that "dreadful Whenever men appear before an earthly fin. And furely, if we view it only in a king, who is but their fellow creature, political light, it is the intereft of every <!o they not always approach with awe ftate, to render oaths as inviolable as and reverence ? With what awe, with words and ceremonies can poflibly make, what reverence, ought we then to ap« tfcem. ' pgW before t£e pretence of the Almighty \ A tf T H % • Set mtr Magazine fur laflyar, f. 57 J, 591/ 501* 3QLC I

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IANTHE and I P H I S. iSONG, Ntw fet to Mu/tck. Hr r Cr crW^ffrf fFfe) lanthe the lovely, die joy of the plain, By Iphif was lov'd, and Jov'd Iphis again : She liv'd in the youth, and the youth in the fair j Tncir pleafure was equal, and equal their care : No tine nor enjoyment their jflft^LUjft'frirrrirrri dotage withdrew, But the longer they hVd, ftill the fondc riey. longer thev liv'd, ftill the fonder Ihey grew. ^g j Jiff-ijfrji.iifli r**- A paffion fo happy alaroTd all the plain, Some envy'd the nymph, hut more en- vy'd the frvain ; (invade, Sooie i wore 'twould be pity their lovet to That the lover* alone for each other were nude: Byt all, all, confentcd that none ever knew A oy*nph yet fo kjad, or a flicphcrd Co irut» Love faw them with pleafure, and vow'd to take care rp*'r i Of the faithful, the tender, the innocent What either did w«nt, ho bid either to move, But they wanted nothing but ever to love r Said 'twas aU that to pleafe them his god- head cauld do, [migi* he true. That thev (UU ought bt kind, and they ltill Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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*^f Poetical Essays in JANUARY, ij$z. A New COUNTRY DANCE. Ut IRISH LOTTERY. The firft man takes hU partner with hit right hind and leads her round the feconitf f*an~, then rotmd the fecond woman £«, all four foot it and turn hands quite sound «, then right and left with the fecond couple quite round £*, and hands acrofis with the third A, lead thro* the top couple and meet your partner, turn arms acrofs — , Sill fix foot it, and turn with your own partners ~, lead thro* the third couple, call «p, meet and turn partners £«. Potlical Essays in J mTrmtflatio* of a Poim in the Mufas An- glicans, entitled, Daotur Spectra. By Mr, Haokstt. ■ X.TOR Mian godhead, nor Pierian IN maid, (Poetic dreams) I call unto my aid ; Thee, Quarle, 1 follow j ihed thy fpirit down, [tby own, My numbers fire, and make them like Huih, hum, ye nurfes, hum your tender young ; And gently rock your cradles to my fongj Your gifts I fing. — Thro* ruin'd tow*rs I go, [woe i Thro* lonely (hades, the dreary walks of View yawning graves, and in thp tiine- Jbook fane, [plain. At midnight hear the reftlefc ghoft com- Lo t at my wifh Quarle rifes for my guide, Am) age-bent nurfes titer to my fide ; Behold t the filver moon with quivering rays On the green fur face of the meadow plays $ Innumerable fpirits all around Flit in the air, and (Vim along the ground \ Such as old aunts raife in the winteV tale, whilft children with attentive fear turn pale ; With pleafing horror fheyeach other view. Here the doors creak, and fee the lights burn bhie. [band, But fee ! of boy* and girls a harmlefs Cropt e'er their prime by death's relentlefs hand j [fport, By the pale ghmpfts of the moon they And to the fountains ftowVy banks refort: Again unto the well- known plain they throng, Asrin exult in dance, and join in fong, ANUARY, 1753. Hence Hodgt and LMn the tond tale ad* vance, [dance :— That tripping fairies there at midnight Frefh flow'rs at morn the verdant circle * grace, (r<*«.— And (hew the footfteps of the pigmy They* re gone; as when the light's pluoTeJ herald crows, pr early Pbqsbuspp their fports hath, rofe*. For we ! a female form with furious pace Impetuous gurries onward to the place ; A flaming brand me wields, her eye- balls rowL [foul. And ftrongly fpeak the aneuifii of her She 'gainil her will a joy left life had led, tfor knew the pleafures of the nuptial beds Hence pining difcontent her mind invades; And peevi(hncfs— tbt ejftnet of ote maids. . Hence a fixt hate of fortune, who deny*d The joys of Iove-r-both to 'her luft and pride. [drives to blaifc Youth and its fports me hates, and Thofe harmlefs pleafures which (he cannot tafte. [news, For here the ghoft his former care re- And the pail labours of his life purfues. Death changes not his mind, on the (ame plan Intent lie works, a Jbadtrw and a man. Glory ten hero the warrior's bofont warms [arms s And ftirs him up to (hadowy feats of See, how. his fiery courfer (hakes his) , main, [plain a See, like a temped, how he fcours the With what vaft ftreagth his tough yew bow he bends ! ^fith what rapidity his fwo.rd defcends ! Ucnpr Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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Pitted Essays in JANUARY, 175?; jj> lMic* in the air we oft fumy with far TVauhattUd ridges of grim war appear j Tifw adverfe knights, and fteed oppos'd to ftced, And with difinay behold the battle bled. PrOphctk Partridge, by inch omen* taught, [fought j Song Churchill's victories, e'er Churchill Saw Lewis, fpoil'd of empire and of fame, Solvit his hopes to Anna's jufter claim. MyfeH, had fete like omen giv'n, had ftrung [fang The lofty- founding lyre $ myfelf had la kindred ftrain, how bravely Vernon sought, [**ght* How bravery Britain eonqoer'd, where (he Bat flying from the difmal din of arms. Where yonder peaceful valley's verdure charms, Behold the lover* « melancholy (hade, See, how he gazes on the beauteous maid! See, how his eyes devour her charming face ! fVembrace ! How his arms ftrain her lovely form In vain :— The inlubftantial air denies, Undes his grafp, and from his withes flies. Bent the old fage, his philofophic pride, And gravity 0/ amthu laid afide, /Set fwiftly o*er the plain 5— behind, ap- pears [ears, His curft Xantippe thundering in his Repeating after death the plagues of life, And proves herfelf e'en here a very wife. The Soph, her well-known thunder to ap* peale, [knees* With tears implores her mercy on hie But now tar other voices reach mine Far other (hades, a noble train comes here, My brother bards, Blackmore and all the heft, [fens doth boaft. Whom Grub-ftreet 'mongft her fav'rke Here as on earth they moft divinely ring : Here as on earth they touch the beaveny firing 1 [feel, Secure and blithe ne'er pinching hunger Nor dread approach of dun with vasal heel. Safe here from criticUm's rigid laws, They live moft happy in their own ap- planfe t ' [for fong, Whom mayft thou join, great Coiley fam'd The worthy minion of the Grub*ftreet throng 5 And in thefe peaceful and fecure abodes, Snag Cfetar*s glories, and repeat— thy odtu Sage Ogilvy reproves thy long delays, Aad Quark and Withers, fam'd for lofty lays, [crowd Call on thee, to be gone : the learned Repeat the word, and Coiley call aloud. Lo I cafl'd be comes 1 with confeious pride elate, [reate. atmt fy ftrat pUxqly fptaks him—/«* i Myfelf, fo glory bids, in equal drain Enlift myfelf among the glorious train * Who with loud acclamations rend th* iky, And weave the laurel for their new a1ty« Oh t how my heart with gen'rous love of fame [name. Diftends, and Colley's but a meaner 'T« gene /—and like the duflty (hades of night, My glory fades at the return of light. My dear companions from my floe are torn, And haplefs I am left alone to mourn* Thus when at fet of day the hungry down [down, In the refrething arms of deep Ilea Reafon and all her powers found re* treat, And mimick fancy leaps into her feat i Tranfports the balf-ftarv'd wretch ait happy gueft, Unto the pleasures of a lord-may Ys feaft He furioufly attacks the knighted loin, And quaffs triumphantly the fprightly wine. *-He wakes 3 the pmp §f luxury is flown, [ft He flares aghaft, immoveable as While his guts grumble out a melan- choly groan. A PASTORAL DIALOGUE, fettu Mufick by Mr. Asms, and fuug by Mr* Lows and Mrs. Lamfb* Datnen. CAST, my love, thine eyes around, See the fportive lambkins play § Nature gayly decki the ground, All in honour of the May 1 Like the fparrow and the dove, Liftcn to the voice of love. FlvreUa. Damon, thou haft found me long Lift'ning to thy foothing tale, And thy foft per fu a five fong Often held me in the dale : Take, O ! Damon, while I live* All which virtue ought to give* Damon. Not the verdure of the grove, Nor the garden's faireft flow'rt, Nor the meads were lovers rove, Tempted by the vernal hours, Can delight thy Damon's eye, If Florella is not by, Tlorella. Not the water's gentle fall By the bank with poplars crown'd, Not the feathcr'd fongfter* all, Nor the flute's melodious found* Can delight Florella's ear. If her Damon is not near. Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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4 Poetical Essay* h Bub. Let us love, and let m live, . tifce the chiarfalieafon gay % Banifh care, and let us give Tribute to the fragrant May t Like the fparfow and the dove, Linen to the voice of love. ODE /«- Ntw-YtAa'i Dat, tvmpofti h Coll*y Cibbzh, Efy; Pert Laureate . fa to Mufick by Dr. Greeni, andptr- \formU btfirt his Majtfly and tbt Royal Family. %* RECITATIVE, ^•SAVAOB. . WHAT warriour king, V?hat chief renowrt'd, Vtyom, raptur'd Clip, (hall wt fing^ What patriots praife re found ? What empire of the earth, explor'd, £ao Jaope to raife, A pyramid of praife, fapeKpr to Britannia's lord I CHORUS. To patriot Caefar, then devote the day, And confecrate, with loyal (trains, the lay* , RECITATIVE, M". BA1LDON. Whan Greece and Rome, with wailful power, Gate laws to wailing worlds fubdu'd, Inglorious were the wreaths they wore j Wreaths are rewards for publick good* ..RECITATIVE and AIR, Mr. WASS, $*t from the wide extended realm, Or fortune fatally victorious $ But where firm virtue holds the helm, Then, then alone is empire glorious. DVET* Mr. WASS ami Mr. BAILDON* Be .thioc this glory, Csefar ! thine; Thy radiant in* (hall gild the main 5 Shall 'fix'd, as nature's fee- mark, mine. Directing kings remote to reign. RECITATIVE, Mr. BEARD. To Lydian drains now tune the lyre, Suchas;,enjoy'd, delights infpire. AIR, Mr. BEARD. In blooming paradife when p'lac'd, So the firft parent monarch fway'd J Ifit wiH gave happinela confefs'd, And grateful happinefs obcy'd* CHORUS. The whole creation lov'd his fight. And actual was the full delight. AIR, Mr. BBARa Within the vernal verdant lawn, The Jion and the lamb were laid ; The tyger, and the tearlefs fawn, In herds, fecure, around him play'd. CHORUS. The whole creation, Sec AIR, Mr. BEARD. Afiembled in the (haded vale, 1 The JiiVnihg vulture, and the dove 5 The hawk, and warbling nightingale, On foetal /pnays enjoy the grove. MIO R U S. The whole creation, Ac, 5 JANUARY, 1753, RECITATIVE, Mr. SAVAftf . % Alike, the lawlefs human creature, Where Cftfer reigns forgets his hoMi nature ; And from' the fame initiative fprrng, ' Inclines to freedom, and reveres his. king. CHORUS. Refulgent thus in Cefar's line, May one immortal glory mine \ That ages yet unborn may fing, Long, long and glorious tive rat king. Htyfor (he Sorcerer! rVbicb a tbi may to the i*Utrj? HASTE old men and young men, old ladies and lades 1 {of your places 1 Run as if the de'ii drove, or you're niflct Well— belief of magicians now fure snnft go down : [whole town. Since one Sorcerer thus can enchant the H— tt. Epitaph on Mrt. CoiojritovK of LUSS. UNblam'd, O facred (hrine, let me draw near, A ftfter's ames claim a brother's tear, No femblant arts this copious fpring fup* ' ply, [mips eye j 'Tis nature's drops, that fwell in friend* Q*er this fad tomb, fee kneeling brother* bend, Who wall a fifter, thatexcell'd a friend z A child like this each parent's wi(h on* Grace of his youth and foteoe of his age i Hence the chafte virgin learn each pious art [heart. Who fight fincere to bleft a vSrtudus The faithful youth, when heaven tho choice irifplres, Such hope the partner of his kind deftref • Oh early loft ! yet early all foWIM, Each tender office of wife, fifter, child } All thefe in early youth, thou hadft ob- tain'd j The fair maternal pattern vet remained 5 Heaven fought not that dfe heav'n hn bid to fpare, To thine fucceeds now Providence's care— ~ Amidft the pomp that to the deed we gjhre To footh the vanity of thofe that live, Receive thy deflin'd place, a hallow* d grave, [cre*ej *T!s all we can beftow, or thou canft Be thefe the honours that imbalra thy name, f femes The matron's praHe, woman's heft filent Such to remembrance dear, thy worth be found, [around, When queens, and flatterers deep forgot Till awful founds mail break the fotemil reft, £btef%* Then wake amongft the Weft, for eve? Mean while, upon this (lone* thy name mall live, (>*»*" Sure heaven wiH let this pkms verfe for- T H £ Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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THE Monthly Chronologer, IILLIAMSBOURC in Virginia, Od. %y. Wil- liam Trent, Eftj; fent by this government with a prefent to the Twigtwees, arrived in town this 1 week, and gives the fol- lowing account of an engagement between them and the French Indians. On June si, about nine in the morning, 140 French and French Indians rurpr ised the Twigtwees m their com fields, and came fc (bddenly on them, that the white men who were in their boufes, had the ut- sooft difficulty to reach the fort. Three not being able to get in, flint themferves up in one of the houfes adjoining. There were about so men and boys, including tht white men, in the fort. The In- dians having taken pofiefiion of the white mens bouies, advanced towards the fort, firing very briikly, which was as warm* lr returned 5 then attacked the log- houfe where the three men were (hut up, who hiving plenty of arms and ammunition, and being well fecured by the ftrength of the houfe, might have defended them* Jehres againft the whole body of the enemy: Notwithstanding which they eoeld not be prevailed on to fire a gun, but cowardly hid themferves under (kins, (offered the houfe to be taken, and them- fchres made prifoners $ and then discovered to the enemy the weakneis of the fort. The French and Indians in the after- aeon informed the Twigtwees, that if they would deliver up the white men that were in the fort, they would break up the (lege and go home. After a con- (okation, it was agreed by the Indians and Whites, that as there were fo few men, and no water in the fort, it was better to deliver up the white men, with Bearer and Wampum, to the Indians, on condition they would do them no farther injury, than let the fort be taken, and all be at their mercy. The white men were delivered up accordingly, ex- cept Burney and Andrew, whom the Indians hid. One of the white men de- fevered up to them, Ming wounded in the belly, they (tabbed and fcalped him, took out his heart and eat it: and as they have a confiderable reward for killing an SnghThman, they cut off his fingers and carried them with them to Canada, to prove him fuch. The Indians upon re- •riving the white men (whom they carried away prifoners) delivered up all the Indian January, 1755, women whom they had taken, and fct off with their plunder, amounting to above 3000I. They killed one Englishman, and took fix prifoners. One Mingoe, one Shawnefle, and three Twigtwees, they killed 1 among whom was the old Plan- guifha king, called by the Englith, Old Briton, whom they boiled and eat. The French and Indians loft 15 in the battle. They carried off all their dead, except four of the Chapawas, whofe cuftora is to leave the dead r One of them is the head king, and the other of them the next head man of that nation. The other Indians that aflifted the French, were cal- led Ottowawas.— One hundred of the Chapawas went over to the fix nations, beeaufe they would not help the French; The fix nations have not yet declared war, bnt have called in all their war- riors, and are making fuch preparations, that we have reafon to expect a declaration very foon. The abftrael we gave in our Magazine for September laft, p. 408—411, of Mr. La Teuche's addrefs to the duke of Dor- fet, in behalf of the citizens of Dublin, oocafions our inferring the following ad- drefs to his majefty. Moft Gracious Sovereign, We your majefty 'smoft dutiful and loy- al fubjeAs, the merchants, traders, and citizens of your faithful city of Dublin, beg leave, in the mod fincere manner, to blend our joy with that of our fellow fobje&s, for your majefty's fafe return to your BritUh dominions. Vour majefty's extenfive care of the li- berties and tranquillity of Europe, in op- position to the ambitious views of other princes, who grafp at dominion rather than true glory, and your benevolence to mankind, which are the confolation of your (ubjects during your majefty's ab- sence, make your return more glorious and joyful to your faithful people, who muft love and admire a prince whom the world admires ; a prince, who, far from borrowing luftre, daily gives it to his crown, and lives but for his people and mankind. From fuch unwearied application to die publick fervfee, we are encouraged to nope .your majefty will one day take m to your gracious confide ration the cafe rX this great metropolis, and the t^muu- ftration thereof 5 that, when afv ages (hall admire the annals of thi» ie«n, F they Digitized by VjOOQ iC

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42 The MONTHLY CHRONOLOGER. . Jan. they may conclude no action was too great for your majefty's magnanimity to undertake, too tedious for your patient vigilance to accomplish, nor any grievance of your fubje&s too. minute for your en- quiry and redrefs. We beg leave to conclude this our hum- ble addrefs with aflurances of our loyalty and unmaken fidelity to your joyal per- son and your illuftrious hou/e, of our fteady attachment to the prefent happy crtablifhment, and with fincere prayers for your private happinefs, for the prof- perity of your kingdoms, and the future glory of your reign. There were buried laft year in the city and fuburbs of Dublin, males 854 ; fe- males 990 : In all 1844. Of which 999 died above 16 years old, and 845 under 36. Chriftened males 814 ; females 9*19 1 In all 1733. Decreafed in the burials x86, in the chriftenings j 1. Thursday, Jan. 11. The king went with the ufual ftate to the houfe of peers, and the commons being fent for up and attending, his ma- iefty opened the feflion with a moft gra- cious fpeech to both houfes, (of which we have given the fubftance, p, 2S.) Friday, 12. The Rt. Hon. the houfe of peen waited on his majerty at St. James's, with their addrefs of thanks for his moft gracious fpeech from the throne. (See this addrefs, with his majefty's anfwer, p. 28, 29.) This night, about it o'clock, the pub- lick houfe, known by the fign of the Heathcock in the Strand, fell down to the ground in a (helving manner, into an adjoining court, which was thought to be occafioned by fome houfes being re- building on the other fide. It fo fpitunately happened that all the company were juft gone, and nobody was hurt, thoV the miftreflLof the houfe who was in bed fell from the fecond floor into the court, but the bed falling under her, and the tim- ber lying hoi low, fhe got little or no hurt, Saturday, 13. The Hon. houfe of commons waited on the king with their humble addrefa for his moft gracious fpeech from the throne. (See the addrefs, with his ma- jelly's anfwer, p. 29,) A fire broke out at the houfe of Mrs, Gore, a witfow lady, at Kingfton in Surrey. It began about ten o'clock at night, and was occafioned hy Mis. Gore's motUer-in-law (an old lady of fourfcore) fetcing her eandle by her bediide, while ihe went to call the maid to warm hen' bed ; which beint; of cotton, before her return the curtains had caught fire, and the old gentlewoman, who was weak and feeble, coul4 not put it out. As foon as ttfe maid got dp flairs, fhe found the room in a flame, and with difficulty helped the old lady out. The fire fpread in fo fur prizing a manner, that Mrs. Gore and her daughter, who were below in the parlour, had but juft time to efcape j and the ladies loft their cloaths, and every thing va- luable ; fcarce any thing being faved, as the houfe was burnt down in left than half an hour. One circumftance was very remarkable : A gentleman's fon in the neighbourhood lay up two pair of ft air s ill , his maid, altho* fhe did not hear any cry of fire, but froelt it, and thought there was a vaft crackling, took the little hoy out of bed, wrapt him up in her apron, and run down ftairs with him, and fo carried him fafe home*. If fhe had come down firft to enquire what was the matter, fhe never conld have gone back for him, the fire catching hold of the ftair-cafe inftantly. The oath ufually taken by fcavengers, queftmen, ice. was this year difpenfed with by a woithy alderman, who only advifed them to ad as honeft men in their fevtral ftations. (See p. 36.) Monday, 15. The feflions ended at the Old Bailey, when the five following criminals receiv- ed fentence of death, viz. John Brian t, tor a flreet robbery ; Patrick Nugent, for a burglary ; William Baldwin, for rob- bing Thomas Mott of a watch and 16 fhillings in the dweUing-houfe of Rofc Sykes ; Jofeph Hall for a burglary 5 and Timothy Murphy for forging and pub- liming a feaman's will, and thereby de- frauding the agent, Mr. Henry Cafimayor, of 37I. 12s. 6d. In the courfe of his trial, which lafted upwards of fix hours, there was laid open to the court a fcene of iniquity, wherein the lives of Mr, Thomas Noads, cleik to the agent, who apprehended and profecuted Murphy, and Robert Carter an evidence, were wicked- ly and artfully attempted to be taken away. One who appeared as folicitor and agent for this Murphy, but called himfdf a merchant, turning evidence, and caus- ing them to be indited for this very for- gery, immediately after Murphy's trial, theirs came on, whemthe faid perfon be- ing then in court, he was called on to give his evidence a^ainft them ; but not having the leaft accufation to lay to their charge, they were honourably acquitted, and had copies cf their indidmenu grant- ed them. Tuesday,. 16. Came on in the poitico of the parifh- ehurch of St. Paul, Cevent-Garden, the election Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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,753: MARRIAGES, election of member of parliament for the city and liberty of Wcftminrter, in the room of Sir Peter Warren, deceafed, when the Hon. Edward Cornwallis, Efqj (colo- nel of one of his majefty's regiments of foot now at Nova- Scotia, and late go- vernor of the faid place) was chofen with- out oppoution ; Sir George Vandeput, Bart, having declined ftanding a candi- date a few days before the election. Edinburgh, Jan. 16. Saturday laft a whale, of about 56 feet long was caft aftiore upon the fands about a mi!# eaft- ward of Cockenzy, which has been fince vifited by numbers of people of all ranks, from this city and the neighbourhood. The whale- fi/hing company aie now bufy in cutting it down, for the intereft of thofe concerned. It is faid feveral more whales have been feen in the Firth within} thefc few days part. Thursday, 25. . - At a general court of the S. S. compa- * ny a dividend of 2 per cent, was declared on their capital ftock, for the half year ending the $th Inft. being Old Chriftmas- day, payable on Feb. 14. Marrjagis *nJ Births. Jan. i.TTTTILLIAM Weftbrcok Ri- yV chardfon, of the middle Temple, to Mifs Johnfon, of Great Queen-ftreet, Lincolns-Inn fields. Mr. Charles Victor, of Cork-ftreet, Burlington- gardens, to Mifs Fanny King, daughter of Alderman King, of Salisbury. 2. George Blount, of Henley upon Thames, Efqj to Mrs. Thibou, relidt of Jacob Thibou, of Antigua, Efqj Stephen Pitt, of Kenfington, Efqj to Mi& Arthington, of Yorkmire. ' 4. Thomas Pellet, Efqj to Mifs Lawly, •f Bond (Ireet. Joel Milward, Efqj to Mifc Harpur, ctf Qpeen-ftreet. * 6. John Fry Hufley, Efq; to Mifs Abbefs •f Crouched -Friers, a 12,0001. fortune. 9. Rev. Thomas Harrifon, D. D. rec- tor of Bridge Cafterton in Hutlandfliire, •o Mifs Margaret Wmgfield, of Stamford in Lincolnfhire. Cape. Wallis, of Limehoufe, formerly in the African trade, to Mrs. Wilkins, relia of Charles Wilkins, Efqj a Spanim merchant. Dr. Rofs, an eminent phyfician, to VCSs Mddleton, a io,oool. fortune. if. James Carland of Michael- Stow- Hall, near Harwich, Efqj to Mifs Do- rothy Allan, a 20,000! . fortune. 16. Mr. Zachariah Butten, of Muchin- haU, in ElTex, to Mrs. Elizabeth Fuller, of^Hornchurch in the fame county. "17. Mr. Montefiori, an Italian mer- chant 1n Lime-ftrect, to Mifs Harris. John Shelley, Efqj of Field-place, near WorOiam in Suffcx, to Mifs White, of Kerlham. DEATHS, &c. 43 John Fenwick, of Burrow- Hall, in Lan- cafhire, Efqj to Mifs Bennifon,of Hornby, near that place. 26. John Pitt, Efqj member for Dorchef- ter, to Mifs Morgan, of St. James's ftree*. Jan. 3. The lady of Lancelot Allgood, Efqj knight of the fhire for Northumber- land, delivered of a daughter. 4. The lady of the hereditary prince of Modena, of a prince. 6. The lady of Barnaby Backwell, Efq; of a fon and heir. 9. The lady of Thomas Slauter King, of Catling- hall in Cambridgflurc, of a fon and heir. 16. The lady of Thomas Seiby, jun. Efq; of a fon and heir. 21. The lady of Sir Richard Bampfield, Bart, of a fon and heir. Deaths. Jan. 1.% M ISS Lefly Gunning, fifter to iVl the dutchefs of Hamilton, and to the countefs of Coventry. William Pye, Efqj principal regifter of the cathedral church of Durham, and au- ditor to the bi(hop. 2. Mifs Bridges, an heirefs of 30,000!. fortune, at her houfe in Gieat Ormond- ftreet. Col. Charles Whiteford, at Galway in Ireland, lately appointed colonel of the regiment of foot, late general Irwin's. George Speke, Efq; at his feat at Dil- lington in Somerfetmrre, who reprefent- ed in the four laft parliaments, Milbourn- Port, Taunton, and Well*. Capt. Jofeph Pringle, at Bergen- op - Zoom, captain of a company in the earl of DrumlanrigS regiment of Scotch Hol- landers. John Rawlinfon, Efqj at Litrle-Lekh in Chcmire, fourth fon of Sir Thomas Rawlinfon, Km. fome time lord-mayor of London. 7. Sir Thomas Burnet, one of the judges of his niajefty's court of Com- mon-Pleas, and fellow of the Royal So- ciety. He was the youngeft fon of Dr. Gflbert Burnet, fometime fince bifhop of Salisbury j was feveral years his maje- fty*s conful at Lifbon ; and in November, 174 1, was made one of the judges of the Common-Pleas, in the room of judge Fortcfcue, who was appointed mafter of the Rolls. By his death the public^ has loft an able and upright Judge, his friends a fincere, fenfible, and agreeable companion and the poor a great benefactor. His corpfe was privately interred near the re- mains of his late father, in the parifli church of St. James's, Clcrkenwell. Rev. Dr. Wright, miniiler of St. John's at Hackney. . 8. — — Hayes, Efq; many years de- puty governor of Lan guard fort. 11. Sir Hans Sloane, Bart, firft phy- fician to the Icing, r.rd many y?ars F 2 praf'deut

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44 DEATHS. Jan. prefident of the Royal Society. He died at hit houfe tt Chelfea, in a very advanced age, but bleft with all the faculties of underftanding to the left of his Kfe. He has left two daughters, one the lady of the Rt. Hon. the lord Cadogan, and the other the widow of Stanley, Eft]; of Hants. His corpfe was interred with great funeral pomp in his family vault at Chelfca. The bifltop of Bangor preached a very affecting dif- courfe to a crowded audience, from Pfrl. XC. 12. So teach us to number our Jays, that w may affiy our hearts unto wjJm' Several members of the royal Society, Jtc. attended as mourners, and the following gentlemen, all of that learn- ed body, fopported the pall, viz. Sir John Heathcote, Bart. Sir John Evelyn, Bart, general Oglethorpe, Jamea Weft, Efa; James Theobald, Efqj Hon. — — Southwell, Efq; When the will of Sir Hans was proved, administration was granted to the lord Cadogan and Dr. Sloane Elfmere, rector of Chelfea. It contains five (heets of paper, all written with the dictated** own hand, and wit- neffed by four perfons in the year 1739, and again published and figned by the teftator in the prefence of three other pecfons, in the year 1751. There are Dine codicils to it, the third of which is two large (kins of parchment. The medals, gems, and curionties, exclusive of thofc prefented to him, Sir Hans (ays, coft upwards of 50,000!. and that they may be preferved together intire, he de- Ares they may be offered to his majefty at ao.oool. and fix months are allowed to know his majefty'* pleafure $ if his ma- jefty declines accepting them at the price fixed, they are then to be offered at the above price, ift, to the Royal Society $ adly, to the Univernty of Oxford $ jdly, to the College of Edinburgh $ athly, to the Royal Accademy at Paris j jthly, to the Academy at Peterfburg $ ©thly, to the Royal Academy of Sciences at Madrid ; and 7thly, to tlie Royal Academy of Sci- ences at Berlin. In the third codicil Sir Hans omits the Royal Society, the Univernty of Ox- ford, and the College of Edinburgh, to whom he had directed by the will itfcli; his collection of medals, gems,~*c. to be offered. In this codicil he nominates truftees, whom he denres to offer them to the king or parliament, the nrft feffion *ftcr his dece*fe, at aoioool. which he believes not to be a fourth part of their real and iuuinfick value. If the king a»d pttutoiuent decline accepting them within 11 iuu;uhs, they are to bt offered at the f%.r\t price ; xft, to the Academy ot Sci-'R.ea ai PcterfburjU j ;dJy, to the Royal Academy of Sciences at Paris ; jdry, to the Royal Academy of Sciences at Ber- lin j and, laftiy, to the Royal Academy of Sciences at Madrid j each of which is to be allowed is months from the time? notice is given to the ambaffador or re- sident of each refpective court in England* If the king and parliament accept of the offer, the truftees are to apply for a power to enable them topreferve, main* tain, and continue the collection at Chef* fea, where they are to be (hewn under proper regulations for the (atisfa&ion of the curious, and improvement of know- ledge* [A further account, with the nam** ef the truJUaf ia our next J is. Albert Netbitt, Efqj an eminent merchant of London, and member of parliament for St. Michael's InaCom wall. Roberd Holford, Efqj late feniormafter In Chancery. Rev. Sir Simon Every, Bart, reftor of Naumby in Lincolnlhire, aged 93. Hon. George Gore, Efq; who wis made attorney-general in Ireland, on the demife of Q^ Anne, and fome time after one of the judges of the Common-Pleat there, which office he refigned in 1744* on account of his infirm fate of health. 14. That excellent prelate, Dr. George Berkeley, bUhop of Cloyne in Ireland. He died of an apoplexy, at Oxford, to which place he came a few months fince, to enjoy what he called a learned retire- ment. He was far advanced in years, and well known to the world for his piety, charity, and learning, and hia many theological and phflofophical pieces*. 15. Hon. Mrs. Olivia Davell, aged St, relict of the late John Davell, of Colebill in Kent, Efq; and daughter of the Rt* Hon. Philip lord vifcount Strangford ia the kingdom of Ireland. 16. Mr. Samuel Nom's, aged So, on e of the prodors of the eccleffaftical courts at Canterbury, auditor to th. dean and chapter, and deputy-regifter of the arch- deacon's court. it. Rev. Mr. Slocock, roftor of St. Saviour's, Southwark. Rt. Hon. the earl of Strathmore, in Scotland. William Chambers, Efq; a rear-admi- ral of the Red. 20. Mrs. Mary Jenkins, aged 1 10, in the) dotbworkers almflioufe, White- Friars. sa. Signior Angelo Antonio Bartbolo- meo BaKhazar, a moft eminent mafter of the (mall fword, and author of a treatifs on that art, dedicated to the duke of of Cumberland. 23. Rev. Mr. Goodwin, rector of Clapham in Surrey. There was advice from Dunkirk of tht dtatk Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1753- PROMOTIONS, BANKRUPTS, &c. +5 death of Cranftoun at Fumes | chit lie west by the name of Dunbar, and the day only before he expired informed the perfon with whom he lodged, that be was the unfortunate Cranftoun fo often mentioned in the affair of Mils Blandy's parricidt. Hit death baa been face con- firsneaV with feveral particulars, which we mart defer to our next, ECCLESIASTICAL PatFItMlWTS. MR. Parfea, cbofen kdhirer of Al- hallows in Lombard-ftreet.— I2r. Robert Dowues, bifhop of Down and Connor, tranflated to the biflioprick of Raphoe in Ireland, vacant by the death of Dr. Philip Twyftlen.— Dr. Arthur Saryth, bifhop of Clonfert and Xilmac- duagh, tranflated to the united bifhopricks of Down and Connor.— William Carmi- chael, LLD. promoted to the united bimopricks of Clonfert and Kibnacduagh. —Dr. Taylor, chancellor of Lincoln, col* lated to the archdeaconry of Bucking- ham, in the room of Dr. CarmichaeL- John Lowth M. A. prefented by the earl of WincbeUea and Nottingham, to the redory of Middkton Kcyndt, in Bockine^iam/hire.— Mr, Coles, M. A. by Brown Willis, L L. D. to the rectory of Bktchley, Bucks.— Hon. and Rev. Fre- derick Hamilton, jfecond Ion of lord Ar- chibald Hamilton, by the earl Brooke, to the vicarage of Wellingborough in Northatnptonfhirc.— Mr. Corn. Thryfte, by the lord of the manor, to the vicarage of St. John at Hackney.— Mr. Kay, cho- sen lecturer of the united parishes of St. Michael Wood-ftreet and St. Mary Stain- ing.— Mr. John Cleoburg, prefented by Peregrine Bertie, Efqj to the Vicarage' of Wooburn in Bucks. PaoMOTiONs Civil md Military. RICHARD Hallet Wincombe, Efq; made a captain in the royal reg. of hode-guards, blue. — Capt. Brett, com- mander of the Caroline yacht, had the ho- nour of knighthood conferred on him by his jnakfty.—— < - Corbett, Efq; fworn in high-bailiff of Weftminfter, in the room of Peter Leigh, E(q;— Rt. Rev. Dr. John Thomas, bifhop of Peterborough, made preceptor to their royal highnefies the prince of Wales and prince Edward, ta the room of the bifhop of Norwich, who bed rcfigned.— George Auguftus Scfaryn, Ifamade clerk of the crown in the ifland ofBarbadocs, ftc.— George Thomas, Efq; made governor of the Leeward Caribbce Mends.— Sir Richard Adams, Knt. re- corder of London, made a baron of the Exchequer in the room of Mr. baron Clhre, made a judge in the court of Common- Pleas, bn the room of Sir Thomas Burnet, decea/od,— Mr. Jofeph Wright, made clerk affiftam m die houfe of lords, in the room of Mr. Merely dec*afed. — Arthur Dobbs, Elqj made captain-general and governor in chief of North. Carolina.— Sir John Ligomer, made colonel of the royal reg. of horfe-guarde blue, in the room of the late duke of New MfeMBijtt. WESTMINSTER, Edward Corn- wallis, Eiqj in the room of Sir Peter Warren, deceafed. Bridgewater, Robert Belch, Efoj— — Hon. Peregrine Paulet, Efq; deceafed. Weftbu/y, Peregrine Bertie, Efq:— — Matthew Mitchell, E(q; deceaftd. Buckingham, Commodore Weft,— lord yifc. Cobham, now earl Temple. Lyme, Henry Fane, Eftf: John. Scrope, Efq; deceafed. Wendover, earl Vcrney— hit father, deceafed. Rutland/hire, Thomas Noel, Efij; James Noel, Efqj his brother, deceafed. Cheshire, Charles Crewe, Efq; John Crewe, Efqj his brother, deceafed. Bodmin, Hon. Charles Hunt, Efq; John Laroche, Ffqj deceafed. Rifhop's-Caitle, Daihwood, Efq5 Samuel Child, Efq; deceafed. St. Mawt, Charles Medlkott, Efo*- *- lord Sundon, deceafed. Beaumaris, John Owen. Efq: ■■ lord vlfc Bulkcley, deceafed. B— xa— ts. JAMES Denn, late of Briftol, merchant. —Francis Taylor, late of Bridgnorth, grocer.— Matthew Cox, of the parifh of Ealing in Middlefex, mealman and dealer. --lohn Paine the elder, of Braintree in Eflex, clothier.— Henry Rix, late of Fa- kenham in Norfolk, mercer and grocer. —Harvey Prefton, late of Stratford upon Avon, dealer. — John Troughton, now or late of Fareham, Hants, brewer, and wine-merchant.— Tofen Paine the younger, of Braintree, in Eflex, clothier.— James Laurie, of Cocktail, in the parifh of Shad- well, Ratdiff, apothecary and chymift.— Charles Salmon, of St. James's, Weft- minfter, ITnen-draper. — Henry Blomait, of Prefcott-ftreer, merchant— John God- lob Tetter, late of St. James's, Cierkeo- well, jeweller, and deafer.— Richard Lad- brooke, late of St. James's, ClerkenweJI, tallow-chandler.— John Neville, of St. James's, Welhninfter, goldfmith, and dealer— John Weath of the Strand, ware- houfe- keeper.- Thomas Cripps, of New- Brentford, plumber. — Samuel Woods, \ now or late of Norwich, worfted- weaver and dealer.— Jofeph Broom, ef St. Paul, Covcnt'Gajden, tayfef, a Psrcxs Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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FOREIGN AFFAIRS, 1753: 47 HAGUE, Jan. 16. In confequence of a proportion 'made by her royal high- to the princefs govemante, a reduction of 42 men has been made in the life- guard*, 224 men in the regiment of foot- guards, and 352 men in that of the Swifs- guards, which will be an annual faving to the publick of 1 10,480 florins ; and it is computed, that the favings which the republick makes by the reduction of the army, and leflening fome other ex- pences, fince the conclufion of the peace, amount to two millions of florins year- ly. At the fame time her royal highnefc has (hewn her regard for the poor, for in order to free them of fome of the taxes that lie heavy upon them, (he has in conjunction with the Aates of the pro- vince of Utrecht, publiflied an ordinance, whereby a tax of one and a half per cent. is laid on all fuch of the inhabitants as have eftates of 400 florins per annum, and upward*. Thofe who refide in other countries, and have eftates in this pro- vince, are liable to the fame tax ; as are alfo all employments, fees and penfions. And, to prevent difputes, every perfon is to tax himfelf, according to the 1>eft of his judgment, and to deliver the fame in upon oath. Paris, Jan. 19. A new incident has happened, which is like to bring our ec- clefiafttcal difputes to a crifis, as follows t On the 12th of laft month, the parlia- ment being informed, that the rector of S. Medard had refufed the facraments to a mm named S. Perpetua, of the houfo of S. Agatha, ordered that the rector and his two curates mould immediately attend. The rector could not be found, but the curates appeared, and faid, the refufal of the facraments was in confequence of the archbishop of Paris's exprefs orders. Upon which M. lfabeau, one of the fecre- taries of tlte parliament, was fent to that prelate, to defire him to caufe the facra- ments to be adminiftered to the nun. On the 13th the fecret^ry reported, that hav- ing waited on the archbi(hop that morn- ing about half an hour after fix, he made . lum the following anfwer : '« The rector of S. Medard has followed the light of his - own conscience and my orders. Befides, as the adminiftration of the facraments is a matter purely fpiritual, I am properly accountable to God alone for the power with which he has intruded me. And to none but the king will I ever think my- felf bound to account for it.*' M. lfabeau was fent back to the archbifhop, to en- join bim to regard the prefTing ftate of the fick perfon ; and at four in the afternoon Tenoned to the parliament, that he had been atam with that prelate, who faid to him ; ** i toM you niy fentiments this meining. I am ftill of the fame mind 5 nor (hall I al- ter my conduct or my language/* Upon this a motion was made, and agreed to, that the archbifhop mould be ordered, upon pain of having his temporalities feized (which amount to 120000 livres) to give directions for putting an immediate ftop to the fcandal occauoned by the re- peated publick refufals of the facraments of the church to the nun Perpetua, under pretence that the would not prefent a bil- let of confeflion, nor tell who was her confeflbr ; that the curates of S. Medard mould be enjoined to difcharge the duties of their function to the fick perfon ; and that the king's counfel mould fee thefe orders executed 5 and, by a majority of 98 to 35, it was ordered, that the peers mould be fummoned for the 18th at ten in the morning, to take into farther con- sideration the archbifhop's anfwers, and the proceedings of the day before. On the 14th all the bifhops then in Pa- ris had a meeting, and fent a deputation to the archbifhop, to aflure him, that the clergy of France made his caufe their own, and would fupport him to the utmoft of their power. On the 1 5th the parliament ordered, that as the archbifhop had not conformed to their arret of the 13th, his temporalities mould be feized 5 but on the 1 6th the firft prefident reported, that having been fent for, he had that day waited upon the king, and that his maje- fty difapproving of their proceedings* had reftored to the archbifhop his temporali- ties. At the fame time he prefented to them a letter from the king, which in- formed them, that his majefty being re- folved to bring the whole affair before his council, he therefore exprefsly forbid the peers to attend on the 18th. Againft this not only the parliament have remon- Arated in very ftrong terms, but the princes of the blood and the peers of the kingdom look upon it as an incroachment upon their privileges ; and the king hav- ing in his anfwer to the remonftrances of the parliament, ordered them to explain tbemfeWes to his chancellor, who would inform them of his intentions, they, on the 23d came to the following refohitions: 1. That the removal of which the court was informred by the firft prefident being irregular both in matter and form, had rendered new fummonfes to the peers in- difpenfable. 2. That the forms claimed by the parliament were laws of the realm, and that on their obfervation depended the maintenance of the royal authority and the publick tranquillity. 3. That the parlia- ment knew no middle perfon between the king and them, and neither could nor ought to addrefs themfclves to any but the fove- reign alone. Divx- Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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Tbt Monthly Catalogue /*r January, 1753: DrriwiTY md CowTaovaatY. 1. A Vindication of the Evidence of the J\ Gofpel, from the Objections of L. Bolingbroke. By P. WhaHey, pr. ss. JUvington. a. Reflections on L. BoHngbrokVs Let* ters. By J* Leland, D. D. pr. as. 6d. 0od. 3. The Credibility of the Gofpel Mf- •ory, Vol. IX. By N. Lardner, D. D. pr. 5s. Noon. 4. An Effay towards a Rationale of the literal Doctrine of Original Sin. By J. Bate, M. A. pr. it. 6d. Owen. 5. A View of the three Spirits ia Many pr. it. Comyns. 6. Friendly Letters to a Deift, pr. 6d\ Rivington. 7. A critical Commentary on the Books of Apocrypha. By R. Arnald, B. D. pr. 5s. 6d. Knapton. S. A serious Addi^s to (bberClmflians, sir. is* Oiwald. Hisroar. o. • Whifton's Sacred Hfttory of the World, 6 Vols. Svo. pr. a is* Whifton. io. The Commentaries of Cscfar, tran- fiated into Engttth. By W. Duncan. In Folio with 85 Cots, Maps. *c« pr. 3L in Sheets. Dodflty. 1 1* Bifhop Burnet's HUtory of his own Time, and the Author*! Life, 8vo. pr. 5s. each Vol. sewed. Millar. MllCtLLAMtOVI. aa. The Fundamental Laws and Con* ftitutions of feven Potent Kingdoms .and States in Europe. By J. T. Philipps, Efqj pr. 5s. Meadows. 13. The Cafe of Henry Simons, a Po* bib Jew, pr. is. 6d. Comyns. 14. A Scheme of a Fund for the Main- tenance of the Widows and Children of the Clergy. By F. Warner, A. M. pr. fid. Owen. 1 j. Remarks on Mr. Avifon*s EflFay on Mulical Expreflions, pr. as. Robinfon. 16. A Treatifc on Foreft Trees. By W. Watkins, pr. is. Rivington. 17. A PropoVal for the Amendment and Encouragement of Servant*, pr. 6d. Shuckburgh. i3. The compleat Englim Scholar. By J. Buchanan, pr. 6s. Millar. 19. The Will of Sir Hans Sloane, Bart, deceafed pr. is. Virtuofo. 20. The Deift Triumphant ; or a Con- futation of Atheifm' beyond all Contra- diction, iimo, pr. 3*. Baldwin. ax. Mifcellancous Thoughts Moral and Political. Willock. 12. A Free F.nquiry into the Motives of feme late Resignation*, p. id. Carpenter. * at. A peri|*dive View of Auctions, pr. od. Reeve. 04. A Letter to the Earl of Harcouxt, pr. 6d. Corbett. a;. An Enquiry into the Caufes of the prefeni high Price of Mufcovada Sugars, pr. 4-d. Cooper. 16. The Advantages of the Revolution* pr. is. Owen. tj. Prejudice dete&ed by PaAs, relat- ing to Queen Elitabeth and Mary Queen of foots, pr. is. 6d. Corbett. aS. The Works of Chriftina Queen of Sweden, pr. as. 6d. Wihon. (See p. 19.) 19. Some Account of the Infli, pr. is. Cooper. 30. An Enay on the Rationality of Brutes, pr. 6d. Bouquet. 31. An Exposition of the King of Pruf- nVs Motives for retufinc to pay the Sile- sia Loan, pr. is* Raymond. (See p. 4.) PaiLoiomv **d Scrsitcs. 3a. Employment for the Microfcope. By H. Baker, F. R. S. pr. 6s. Dodfley. 33. A practical Treatife on the Difeafes of Horfes. By J. Bartlctt, Surgeon, pr. 4s. Nourfe. 34. The Univerfal Merchant, one Vol. 4to. pr. lot* 6d. Owen. 35. Philofophical Tranfaetions. No, 407. Being an Appendix to thofe tor the Year 1750, pr. 3s. Davis. PotTaT **d ElfTSaTAtlfMKKT. 36. The Travels and Adventures of W. Bingrleld, Efqj a Vols. lamo. pr. 6s. Withers. 37. The Travels of E. Browne, 'Efq; formerly a Merchant of London, a Vols, nmo. pr. 6s. Hitch. 3S, Ameiie : ou, le Due de Foix, Tra- gedie de M. Voltaire. Wilfon. 39. The Winter Evening's Companion, 3 vols. lamo. pr. 9s. Hitch. SllMONI. 40. A Sermon preached at an Ordina- tion held by the BUhop of Chefter ac Richmond, Oc>. 15, 1752. ByF. Black - burne, M. A. pr. 6d. Knapton. 41. The Chriftian Sabbath as old at the Creation. By R. Parry, M.A.pr. is. Dodfley. 41. A Sermon. By J. GiB, D. D. pr. 6d. Keith. 43. Prefumptive Arguments for the Truth of the Chriftian Religion. In ten Sermons* By J. Duchal, M. A. pr. es. Millar. 44. The perfonal Union of the Divine and human Nature in Jefus C hrift. 1st two Sermons. By T. Salmon, U L. D. pr. is. Baldwin. Digitized by VjOOQ iC

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' ' ' * ' - • * II I II I > ■ I I ■ ,. II I ■ .1 . ■ .1 The London Magazine: Or, GENTLEMAN'S Monthly Intelligencer. For FEBRUARY, '753- To be Continued. (Price Six Pence each Month,) Containing, (Greater Variety, and more in Sfeantity, than any Monthly Book of the fame Price I. An Account of ibe Gamiitii, i new Tragedy. II. Duke of Newcaftfe'i Letter to the Prof- imo Minister, with an Abftract of the Report annexed* III. Experiments of Lime- Water's prevent- ing Putrefaction. IV. The Life of Biihop Bus nit. V. Dr. Stokcly's Conjecture of (he Caufe of Earthquakes. VI. Account of a moft extraordinary Thun- der Storm. VII. The Jo u * ma i. of a Learned and Po- litical Club, &c. continued : Contain- ing the Speeches of A. Bceculonius, and L. Valerius Flaccus, in the Debate on the Subfidy Treaty with the K:ng of Poland , Elector of Saxony. VIII. A Description of the Wild Boar. IX. Abftraa of Mr. Fielding's Piopofal re- lating to the Poor. X. Observations on the Pruffian Memorial, XL Extrad from The wUU D^ty •/ woman. XII. Htftory of the Formation of the Hu- XIV. Mifchiels or Gaming and Routs. XV. Of the Art of refining filver. XVT. Of Gold and Silver Wire drawing, XVII. Two oppj fite Characters. XVIII. A Lift of the Trufteet for Sir Hans Sloane's Mufeum. XIX. Particulars of Cspt. Cranfloun/s Death. XX. Succefs of Ventilators. XXI. Lilt of Sheriffs for 1754. XXII. Declaration in J«?Hge Burnet's Will. XXII f. General Court of the Free BritUh Fifhery. , XXIV. Poetry : Prolocue and Epilogue to the GameQer j the Lady and the Pirn, pie; an Enquiry after Contentment; to Mr. Lambert ; a Mirifight Thought, a new Song fct to Mufid: j Epitaph j Epi- gram, &c. XKV. The Monthly Ckkonologer ! .Malt-Tax Dill p?.tTcd ; SelTions at the Old Bailey ; Mnlcfaclore executed/ &c. &c. &c. XXVI. Promotions ; Marriage.; and Births j Deaths ; Bankrupts. XXVII. Prices of Socks for each Day. XXVIII. Monthly Bill of Mortality. XXIX. Foreign Affairs. XXX. Catalogue of Books. man Foetus. Xlll. Account of the Genii, a new Enter- I tainment. % I With a curious Copper. Plate of WILD BOARS, drawn fr.-m the Life, and the Head of the late Bifhop BURNET, finely engraved. MULTUMINPAnVO. LON DON: Printed for R. Ba ld win, at tfie Rofe in Pater- Noiter-Row ; Of whom may be had, compleat Sets from the Year 1733 to this Time, neatly Bound, or ' Stitch' d, or any tingle Month to compleat Sets. Digitized by VjOOQIC

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CONTENTS. •— — comet over with the prince of Orange, and is made bifhop of S»lff- bury $s — — hit diligence in discharging the dunes ibid, ibid. «5 86 ibid, ibid* 87 ibid, ibid. ib«\ ibid. 8g 89 ACCOUNT of the Gamefter, a new tragedy ual rrovifun for the poor, for amending their morals, and rendering them u.eful members of fo- ciety 74—78 Of gold and filver wire- drawing 78 Dr„ Stukely's conjecture of the caufe of earthquakes 79 An abftract of the life of bifhop Burnet So— 84 — hii defcent, and firft fturfies 80 — ordained priefl by the bifhop of Edin- burgh, and chofen profeffor of divini'y in the univeirV y of Glafgowr 8 r •—writes the Memoirs of the dukes <■ f Hamilton ibid. — .— fettles in England, and appointed preacher at the Roll* chapel ibid. — publill cs his hiftory of the Refor- mation, and refu'es the bifhoprick of Chichefter %z » •-• cooverts the earl of Rochefter, and refufes the mafterfhip of the Temple ibid. — falls under the difpleafure of the court, and retires out of the kingdom ibid. Tbe Hthrew criticifm tn * f**/kf e i» Qentfii, tbt Utttr from Nettiagbam, the fetter eemter*. imga mmfbtmetKsl qunftian% the t bymi*? queflton , #r. (ball be trt <-ur mtXt. Eugenie** tbjer wtuoui on Tseitmt, tbt wrfetfrim EuftUu, &t. JhjU be ca*fe<Ured* of h 1 ep.fcopal office — — his dta'h Two oppofitc characters Poet ax. A midnight thought, fong fet to murlck A new mmoct Prulwgue to the Gamefter Epilogue — Song introduced in the Gamefter To the author of the Gamefter An enquiry after contentment Fpitaph The l-dy and the pimple, a fable To Mr. Lambert The Monthly Cheonologer Proceedings of Sir Hani Sloane's exe- cutors and the troiUes for hi* mufeum ibid. A lift of the truftees ibd. Particulars relating to the death of Capt. * Cranftoun 89, 90 Dr. Hales*s Account of the fuccefe of Ventilators 90 Tragical account of the lofs of a (hip from Guinea, by the infurreftioa of the negroet 9* Mai cious action of cutting off the teata and tails of ftveral milch cowt ibid. Reimrk*ble declaration in the late judge But net's will ibid. Sir Richard Adams made a ferjeant at law ibid. General court of the Fiee Britifti Fifhery ibd. Sheriffs appointed 91, 9a Tragical affair of Elizabeth Canning 9* Malt tax bi.l paffed ibid. Malefactors execured ibid. Sir Richard Adams refigns his recorder- fl ip, and William Moreton, Erqj cho- fen in hit room * ibid. Account of a moft extraordinary thun- der ftorm in O rrwall ib-d. Sefficns at the Old- Bailey ibid. Marriages and Births .9* Deaths ibd. Ecckfi'ftical preferments ibid. Pi omorions civil and military ibid. Pricei of ftocks and grain j wind, wea- ther 9+ Monthly bill of mortality ibd. 'Foreign Affa.'rs 9S A catalogue of books 06 Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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THE London Magazine. For FEBRUARY, 1753. Account af'tbt GAMESTER, a ww TragrJy (See tbt Prologue and Epilogue, ^.86.) The Craiacteii ire Beverly, a young fellow of an open free difpofitioft, but violently addicted Co gaming. Mr. Gar rick. . Lewfon, bit friend, in love with Char* A lorte. Mr. Moflbp. Stukely, an infamous gatneftcr. Mr. Davie*. lfate., Mr Burto., 7 *o* gwefcr. BK^.Mr.BUta,} t£?* Jsrvis, an old roan, late fteward to Beverly. Mr. Berry. B Waiter Mr. Ackman. Mr*. Beverly, Beveily's wile. Mrf. Pnfchard. Charlotte, his fitter. Mifs Haughton. Lacy, Mrt. Beverly's Maid. Mrs. Price. fR. Beverly had been a man if large fortune. Weft with a tender wife Q and beauteous child. Clnrlotte he filler was under his guardianfhip, who was beloved by Lewfon, to whom (he h'd confen ted to be mimed. Mr. Be- verly wu no' only rich in poiTsflions, tot in hope, a* he had an aged u icle, who _ j»d declared hitn hn heir. Things were ^ 'whsftare, when Mr. Stukely. one who h*d been fch »ol fellow with Mr. Beverly, fif«d with |->ve of Mrs. Beverly, and knowing the only foible of her huiband *» l»>ve of play, contrived the ruin of him to pave the way for hi* poflcfilng the wn allures him, that be knotvt bim, and S'ukely retires con- founded. Lewfon addrciTcs Charlotte, enquires for her fiftcr, who hearing hit voice comes to him ; he then acquaints her, thit yefterday her houfe, tec. was fold, but thit thofe things he knew mod valuable to her he had pure h» fed, that they might be fafe for her, and they go out to fpeak to one, who he tells her will prove a friend. The next fcene is Stukely's chamber. After sa foUloquy, difcovering his bafe- C * nets, Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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5* Account of .the Gamester, a new Tragedy. Feb. fveffi, enters Bates, one of h'-s minions, to Charlotte in the lodging, to ttienVLewfbn I whom he relates, that he was to carry mo- he, after the departure of Beverly, urge* ney to the g*m ng-houfe to Beverly, but bis love to Charlotte, reminds her ef he* would not, as he waoted thefe jewels his promife of marriage, from which (if (he wife had ftdl preferred, repents) he fays -he will acquit her 5 (he Ac*. II. Mr. Beverly Is difcovered fit* being from h m sffured this pro] ting in a room at the gaming- houfe, arore fr.m honour, he ie»confcfles his full of the dcepert co>fterrstion at his A love; he then pr- mifes to difd to her clofet to ten- We next fee Stukely st his lodgings, hrr hm the jeweli, but cautions him to Bates enters, tells him Beverly hath (bid hu(b»nd 'hem, as that is thcr lait rtfource his eftate, and hath loft all the money, from fta/ving. and defcribes his behaviour on that Ad III. StuUely enters with Bates, to fion. Sorr.ebody entering, Stukely pots whom he gives bills to p»y to Beverly out Bates, but is furprifed at feeing Lew- for the r eve (fion ot h s uncle's eftate, p fon, who declares be comes a profened which he declares he will dr*w him in to enemy. Stukely runs to the door to caH Ml Beverly enters with bills for the h:s fervants, which Lewfon (huts and pre* jewels, which he gives to Stukely, who vents him. An exquinte fcene is here, pretends to be tired by internal impulfe and a high contraft between the brave co hazard a recovery of h.s fortune. Be- good man, and the bafe cowardly villain, verly icajfes to join h.m, but the arc- Lewfon draws thrice on him, which he fui perfuanon of tat v*!!ain at lart con- as oft meanly declines, and after (efficient frnts. But all this time Stukely inter- _, reproaches Lewfon leaves hhn. Stukely m xes words to enrage Beverly aga.nft G then calls in Bates, prompts him to nrrar- Lcwion, declaring, that the Utter ha:h der Lewfon in the ftrcet, which he pro- fjjread abroad that he had fpent his filler's mifes, in comlderation of a vaft reward. for time, and he would call him to account The next fcene is the ftreet, thro* which fur it. Beverly is returning home in agonies not The next fcene (hews Mrs. Bsve:)y and tp be conceived without feeing them re- presented Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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*75i* D* */Newcaftleff Letter to the Pruffian Mimjlcr. 53 receesented by Mr. Garrfck, in the words of the author. Lcwlbn too, coming acrois t* —r U0 w* yew * npj #/ tU gray •/ meets Beverly, who, prompted by hit de- Pruffia'r Mtmthml re rtlathn t§ tbt Si- fjpair quarrels with him for reporting he lefia Loan j «si mow tr# jsW/ five roe hid loft hit filler's fortune. Lewfon de- jUjwtr m*di Hk by bit Miajfft Ordtr% niee the charge, and avoids a duel, though xobitb wst by om if Utttr/rtm tbt Dees drawn upon, and promlfing (atitfadioa •/ Newcastle t§ tit Pruffian BAiniftr sere, on the marrow, departs. larvis and Betes ^ msfiibfwt, vis. coronng lee the quartet, but only Jarvis ' . comes to bin, begs him to come home, Wbittbtll, Feb. I, 1753, and Uking from him his fword, presents S 1 Jt, Ins murder. Beverly raves, throws htm- Y LOST no time in laying before the feif on the ground in agonies, till raifed X king* the memorial, which you deli- and toothed by Jarvis ; they exit. Then vered to me on the 13d of November left, we fire Stokely ordering Dawfon, another with the papers, that accompanied it. of his gan$, to get two officer!, and exe- His majefty found the contents of it lb cute the writ on Beverly. o extraordinary, that he would not return A& V. Enter Stukery, Bates and Dsw. an anfwer to it, or take any rcfolution up* Ion. Bates d flembling with Stukcly, re- on it, till he had caufed both the Memo. sates how be overtook Lewfon, accompa- rial and the Exposition des Motifs, *c sued him home, and (tabbed him as he which you put into my hands, loon after, was reaching his bell, and that the watch by way of juftification of what had paned had f-mnd nim in the ftreet. Dawfon al- at Berlin, to be maturely confidered j to gives an account how he executed his and till his majefty mould thereby be en- commifflon, entered Beverly's lodging Q ablcd to fet the proceedings of the courts with two officers, tore him from his wife of admiralty here, in their true light } to and filler, sod lodged him in a prifon. the end, that bis Pruffian majeAy, and the Stokely compsr ng the times of the quarrel whole world, might be rightly informed betwixt Beverly and Lewfon, the latter be- of the regularity of their conduct. { in fcng fo-'p-fed to be murdered, refolved to which they appear to have followed the father it on Beverly, and persuade him he only method which has ever been pra&i- nrrefted him through love, to (ave him fed by nations, where difputes of this na- frorn the efficers ; and then Bates (hall ac- tore could happen ; and ftridly to have cufe him, and call tor witnefa of the quar- -D conformed themfelves to the law of na« reJ hie servant Jarvis. tions, univcrfalry allowed to be the only Scene the lodgings. Mrs. Beverly and rule in fucb cafes, when there is nothing Charlotte are difcovered lamenting the im- ftipulated to the contrary, by partkufan? peifonmenC of Beverly. Jarvis enteri, treaties between the parties concerned, tails bow be loft his mailer in the prifon, This examination, and the full know- bet gives them a joyful account that the ledge of the fads refulring from it, will uncle is dead, and now joy will fucceed, (hew (b clearly the irregularity of the and they all exit to the prifon, to cheer Be- £ proceedings of those persons, to whom verly with the news. this affair was referred st Berlin, that it is Scene the prifon. Beverly Is difcovered not doubted, from his Pruffian majefty*s shore alone, and after a long debate juftics and difcernment, but that he will en tuictde drinks poifon | they enter to be convinced thereof, and will revoke him, tell him the news, which now adds the detention of the feme sffigned upon to bat agony, in the midft of which he Silefia | the payment of which, his Pruffian scqansnts them, he bath fold that cftate majefty engaged to the emprefs queen Mi for a paltry fum, and loft it. Stukery _ take upon himlslf, and of which the re- enters to them, brings him a difchargc, * InUmrfesncnt was an express article in the and with a (hew of love acqussnts him he treaties, by which the ceffion of that dutchy had him tccured to (ave him, on account was made. of Lewfon's murder. Charlotte is alarmed I, therefore, have the king's orders to at this, and on Stokely* • perftfting in ac- fend you the report, made to his snajefty, cosing Beverly, Bates and Dawfon enter, upon the papers above mentioned, by and produce Lewfon alive. Stokely is Sir George Lee, judge of the prerogative seized by his own fervants, and carried court | Dr. Paul, his majefty* advocate, out to joftice $ then Beverly accufes him* Q general In the courts of civil bw } Sir sW of too much hafte, acknowledges his Dudley Ryder, and Mr. Murray, his ma- ponfening himfeJf, and commending his jetty's attorney, and soilkttor- funeral, family to Lewfon's care, dies a terrible This report Is rounded on the principles exa tuple to all gamefteri, of the law of nation** receireJ and ac- koowkdged Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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$♦ IX o/NewcaftleV Letter to tbe Pruffian Mimfier. Feb. luaowtedged by authorities, of the greateft of did happen $ could not, either in juftjco we {(he in all countries ; fu chat h » majefty or reafon, or according to what it (be con- 4r** not d ubt, but that it wi 1 have the ft ant practice between all the moil refpeet- effect defired. able powers, be (a zed, or ftopt, by way The points upon which this whole affair of repnfals. torn*, and which are decinve, are, The federal facts, which are parHcu- i. That affairs of thin kind ate, and can lar ly mentioned above, are fo dearly fcr, cognizable, only in the courts be- A. ftated, and proved, in the inclo cd report } fcngtag *• *kU Pv*«r» where the fczjre that 1 (hall not repeat the particular rea~ itmade; and conrcquentfy, that the ertct- font and authorities allcdged in fopport ita; foreign- courts, or jurisdictions die- of them, and in jortincation of the con- where, to take cogn'zance thereof, is con* duct and proceedings in queftion. The fetary to (he known practice of all nations, king is perfuaded, that thefe reafons will a* the like cafes $ and therefore, a pro* be fufikient alfo, to determine (he judg- oeeduTf which none can admit. ment of all impartal people, in the pscxcnt a. That thofe courts, which are gem- ,* cafe, ■airy ftiled courts of admiralty, and whxh a It is material to obferve, upon (his ftnV ■achjde both the inferior couits, and the ject, ihat this debt on Silefh, wn con- csurts of appeal, always decide according traded by the late emperor Charles VI. s*> the univerfallaw of nations bn'y ; ex- who engaged, not only to fulfil the cen- •apt in thofe cafes, where thete are par- ditions exprefted in the contract, but eves* fcctshr treaties between the powers en- to give the creditors fuch further fecurity, c*rtsed, which hive altered the d-fp fulons as they rni due to the king's subjects has patted at Berlin, has been occasioned, by tbe emprefs queen, and -sirTrgned by frogly, by the ill-grounded informariooe, ■er upon 53enu 1 of which form mis Piuf* which his Pruffian majefty has received, fan .majrfty f o k upon hjmftrf the fay- of thefe affa rs«. And does not at all doubt, snent, both by the treaty oft Breda u, and but that, when his Pruffian majefty toy that of ©ferrfen, in confide* ation otG ma'l fee them in their true light, hi the ctfTien of that country* and which, natural oVpofition to juftice and equity by virtue of that very cefrfrn, ought to will induce him, immediately to rectify have been fully, «nd ahfolately difcharg- the fteps which have been occasioned by eel, in ffco year 174c, that as to fay, one thofe informations and to complete too year sjeiaoe any of the fads complained payment of the debt charged on tbe dutchy Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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.1753- Abstract of tht REPORT snowed. 55 techy of Stfefta, according to hit engage- One (hip (the laft of the *8) wm fo- ment* for th-tpuxpofe. 1 am, (tared upon an appeal ; but, from theoir* With muck consideration, SIR, cumtt-*nce* of the capture, Without co4» Your moil obedient, on tt ler fide. Humble fervent, That as to the lift of thirty three r»B> He l lis Nswcastls. tral Aip», in whofe cargoes the fubjedsuf And by the report mentioned in, and Piuflia c'ainruo^ave been inteTefted.$ onnexed to this memorial, it appem, a T*o cf 'hem never came before a court That by the law of nations, when two of jurt.ee ;n England, but if talc en) warn powers are at war, all (hips are liable reftored by the captors therafelves, Co dm to be ftopt, and examined to whom they entire fatufaclion of the owrers. belong, and whether (hey are carrying In fix^een of them, the goods claim*! contraband to the enemy. That the by the P.urTian fubjecls appear to nan* goods of an enemy on board the (hp been actually icflored, by fentence. to thai of a friend, may be taken. That contra. matters of ?hs (hips in which fhey wem band goods going to the enemy, fbo' the lade ; and by rhecuftoms of the tea, tfae property of a friend, may be taken as B matter is in the place of the lader. priie 3 becaafe fupplyirtg the enemy with In fourteen of the cafes the PrufTiao pen* what enables hm better to carry on the peny was not verified by the (hps papers, war, is a departure from neutrality. That or preparatory cxammar on*, or the daaet- the eftabli(hed method of determination, ant*§ own arhdavit, which he was atlowei whether the capture be, or be not, law- to make. till prize, is by a regular Judicial pro- The remaining caufe with refped te> cecding in the court of admiralty of that part of the goods, w s depending ***» ftate to whom the captor belongs, jud*- Q the memorial ar.d lift was delivered an fog by the law of nations. That the the Bryifh fecretary of ft.te$ and thegooda evidence moft come from the papers on have fince been rertcr td by fenteoce. board, and oath of the matter and prin- So confeku* were the cia>mams, that ctpal officers. That if there be faife the couit of admiralty did right, theen or colourable papers 5 if the matter or is not an appeal, in a tingle instance* ofiters gro&ry prevaricate ; if proper in the fecood 1 tt, and but one m dm Alps papers ate not on board j or i( the elrft. Yet the Pruflian king founds tno matter and crew cannot fay whether (he juttice ar.d |r, my as were condemned. that jufttce (hould be as impartially adeni- Four ihrps were reftored by fentence 5 lettered to him, as it is to the fubjofib <af but the cargoes or part of them condemned that prince, in whofe courts the matter it as contraband, and are not now ailedged tried. to have been Pruflian property. As to the Pruflian coatmiffion to ex- Five (hips and cargoes were reftored by G amine thefe cafes, ex faru% upon new featence; but the claimant fubjeeled to fuggettions, the like was never attempted pay coils, becaoJe, from the (hip- papers, in any country of the world before. Ac there was ground to have condemned 5 Prize, or not piize, mutt be determined and the refutation was decreed merely on by courts of admiralty belonging to the the faith of affidavit* afterwards allowed, power whofe fubjeAs make the capture; Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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56 Employment- Wild BOARS. Feb* and even the principle this extraordinary Her appetite is keen ; her blood is pore commifton profefled to proceed on, that, and temperate, and her polfc beatetheven. tho' thofe cargoes belonged to the enemy, Her haufe is elegant, her handmaids are jet being on board any neutral (hip, they the daughtere'of neatnefs, and plenty fail- were not liable to enquiry, feizure, or eth at her table. confifcation, is evidently falfe 5 by the an- She saunters not j neither ftretcheth her. thoritiet of every writer on the law of na- M out on the couch of indoknee. tions, and the conftant pradicc, ancient a She crieth not, what have I to do ? but and modern. the work of her band! is the thought of a VTb* c—clufion of the Report re oar nent .1 moment. J She Hfteneth not to the goifip*s tale, me Jh ingtmnn Pieet i$ jwf f*MM, i*titkd9 fippeth not her tea in fear dal j but employ- ^Wkoii Duty •/ WO MAN. ment ii the matter of her difcourfe* By s Lady. JVritHn st tbt D^firt tf Her work is done at the evening, but * wMe Loan. Of tbi$ Work tbofilhw- the work of the flothrai is put off tiU to. $*[ ts aj*Jl CbaraStr. morrow. IT is compofed in the ftile and man- B »/%-• ncrof the \OEcomom, ofbomsn Ufe, and A D«scaiyTiOJi of tU WILD BOAR. contains concife, eafy and agreeable rules ow re* Cut. and inftruaions for the condud of the HpHESE beafts fight with one another fair fcx j Co that we mould be very much 1 during the rutting ftafbn, which it wanting in our regard for them, if we did m December j and, when wounded, rub not recommend it to their perofal. It is the afflicted part againft trees, whence calculated to preferve them from thole pitch diftire. The male "never quite hie snares and temptations, that tend to plunge Q Mete whilft (he is pregnant. Under thick them in vice, folly, and mifery ;«nd tur- bufhes or coverts they prepare a place nifhee them with fuch amiable leffons of with moft and leaves, where they bring prudence, virtue, and agreeable behaviour sonh 7, 8, 9 or%io young ones at a lit- in every flation, as, if put in pra£bcc, will ter j which are at firft reddiOi with black tnake their lives comfortable and happy. and wbitifh ftreaks. At Che approach It is divided into fcvcral felons under of men, the female makes a figtfcl to proper hsads $ and for a specimen of the her young, who hide memfdves singly j performance, we (hall give our readers the and at another fignal, when the danger following. Dis over, they return to their dam, who ruckles them during fomrner. In seeking EMPLOYMENT. their food, the young boars march in From whom cometh evil, rronTwhom front | and do thus till the time of another poverty and dejection of fpirit ? litter, when the old ones drive them aw«y. Idknefs is the mother of mifchief j idle- Their teeth grow to the length of 3 or 4 ©eft is the parent of frame and difoafe. inches, and become curved. Their 'hair The ftothful fpendeth the day in Hum- turns grey about the head and foot** few, (he waketh at noon, (he drinkcth p Thefe antmals do great mifchief to fruits, her cordial, and enquireth the time of the fields, meadows, vineyards, Ac. and their morning, abode is in woods and fbrefte, where She turneth again to deep, and awaketh their darling food is acorns $ but when not till the dinner of the evening. -fharp let, they will prey on dead ear- She converted) the night into day, and cafes. Experienced hujitfoen know their keepeth the light of the fun hid from her fex, age end fixe by the track. Their eyes. flefh is very delicate, and tome uo*re Her home is a (bane of riot and con* weigh 7001b. To cool tbemfelves they fufkm, (he bath eyefervaots. P wallow in puddles, and by rubbing againft Her appetite faileth, and the phyfidan * trees, mix To. much pitch with their hair b daily fet down at her door. as enables their hides to refift a ball, ex- Induftry is up with the fun, Ate awaketh cept it go in a right line. Sportfmen com- et the crowing of the cock, and walketh monly aim at their head and brcaft. Boars abroad to cafte the fwcetnefe of the are very numerous in Denmark, Norway, morning. Germany, Ac. and the hunting them is a She is ruddy as the daughter of health t great diverfion among perfons of detac- her ears are delighted with the mufickQ tion. The hunting time is in its glory in of the thrill lark. November, December, and January. Thfcfe Her garment fweepeth the dewdrop from creatures are either (hot, or taken with the new ftubble and the green graft, and tolls and a fpear. This chace is vwy-deav- ber path is by the murmuring of the purling gereut $ and many dogs, tho* in are often killed. JOUR. Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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'753- SI JOURNAL of the Proceedings and Debates in the Political Club, continued from p. 19. this be not the cafe : If our mini- % The next Speech 1 Jball give you in fters be defiring them to concur id tbe Debate begun in your hft, tuns any meafure, which is* not neceflary thai made by A.Bceculonius, which for the prefervation of their own was in Subflanu *s folI*ws, viz. liberty and independency, I am fure, no member of this houfe, who Mr. Chairman, A thinks fo, will confent to the grant- * 7 » ing of the fubfidy, unlefs he be fub- * * fidtzed himfelf as well as the princ« IS I T here as an Englifh gentle* for whom the fubfidy is required, man, and as fuch 1 have a right Now, Sir, with regard to the to talk freely of the greateft fub- meafure, for which the prefent fub- jed of this kingdom, much more fidy is required, I mean the election of the greateft fubjed of any foreign B of a king of the Romans; whatever I flate : I fhall therefore deliver my may think, whatever any gentleman fentiments upon this fubject without of this houfe may think of that mea- any referve : If there be perfons in fure, we muft for the honour of the) this houfe belonging to any of the princes of Germany fuppofe, that few princes of Germany, they ought or none of them think it absolutely sot to be here ; and if they are, necefTary for preferving tbe liberties they muft take it for their pains ; C and privileges of the German em- for their prefence will never, I pire, becaufe I do not find that any hope, keep any member of this of them will concur in it without houfe in fo much awe, as to pre- a fubfidy from us. From their be-t vent that freedom of fpeech, which haviour upon this occafion I muft is allowed even by our own fove- fuppofe, that fome of them think reign ; and whatever fome gen- it a meafure of the mod dangerous demen may think, it muft be ai D confequence to the liberties and pri- Jowed, when duly confidered, that vileges of the German empire, and no debate of the kind now before that others of them think it a mac- us, can tend much to tbe honour of ter of fuch abfolute indifference, as the princes of Germany : We de- no way to tend either to the de- fire nothing of the princes of Ger- ftruclion or the prefervation of the many, nor of any prince in Europe, liberties and privileges of that em- but to concur in fuch meafures as E pire. Thefe lad may thipk them- may be neceflary for preferving their felves at liberty to concur in it, in own liberty and independency. On consideration of a fubfidy from us 3 the other hand, what is defired by but if they be right in their opinion, France ? What does fhe fcatter her furely we ought not to load our fabfidies for among the princes of conftituents with any fuch unnecel- Europe, bat to get them to be. in- fary expence, even fuppofing that irumental in forging their own F the nation were not only free of chains ? If this be truly the cafe, debt, but alfo in the mod flourilhing Sir, can it be for the honour of any circumihnces ; and 1 mud be of prince of Germany, or of Europe, opinion, that in prudence as well Co fuppofe, that he will accept of as modefty, we ought to allow, that a fubfidy from France, unlefs we the princes of Germany are bct.er ■gree to grant him one ? And if judges than we are of the conftitu- W ■ B— — . tion and true intereft of their own February, 1753, H ^country. Digitized by VaOOQ LC

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58 Proceedings of the Political Club, fcfr. Feb. country. I fay, Sir, in prudence different gentlemen, we may per- as well as modefty ; for if we fhould haps get at laft a majority to concur pretend to be better judgrs than in the election of the archduke they, and to compel them or any Jofeph, even during the life of of them to be of our opinion, we his father the prefent emperor. I (hall of courfe furnim France with fay, perhaps ; becaufe as the que- a party in Germany, which may en- A (lion has now been ftarted, whether able her to overturn the liberties the electoral college or the diet of Europe as well as of Germany ; of the empire be judges of this ne- becaufe the difpute will not then be ceffity, I doubt much if the elector about liberty and independency, but of Mentz will venture to convoke whether they (hall be obliged to fab- a diet of election, before this que- mit to the two houfes of Bourbon, flion be determined, even tho1 a or to the two houfes of Brunfwick B majority of the electors (hould con- and Auflria. cur in requiring it. But fuppofe From what I have heard in this that we (hould, by means of ourfub- debate, Sir, it feems to be almoft fidies, obtain a majority of the elec- the unanimous opinion of this af- tors, and that we (hould get the fembly, that an election of a king elector of Mentz to run the rifle of the Romans would be an ad- of convoking a diet of election at ditional fecurity for the peace of Q their requeft, thequeftion is, whether Europe and tranquillity of Ger- fuch an election would not rather many, without being of any dan- precipitate a war than protract a gercus confequence to the 1 berths peace. We may, I think, be well and privileges of the empire; but allured, that thofe who think the it is certain, that this is not the election of a king of the Romans unanimous opinion of the electors a matter of indifference, will never and princes of that empire; for if p join in railing any difturbance on it were, we fhould have no occafion account of its beiug delayed, and to grant any fubiidy. Wi:h regard indeed the delay can furnim no fort to them, the cafe, in my opinion, of pretence for a war : But will it appears plainly to be thus : There be the fame, in cafe an election be are three electors and many princes, made againfl: the declared will of who think an election o* a king of three of the moft powerful electors the Romans, during the life of the £ of the empire, and before the diet emperor, of fuch dangerous con- of the empire has come to any de- fequence to the liberties and pri- termination with refpect to fuch an vileges of the Germanick body, election's being neceflary ? Will not that it ought never \ to be made, thefe three electors think their rights without an abfolute and apparent invaded f Will ' not all the princes neceifity, for wh ch there is not, of the empire, who are not electors, they think, the leaf! pretence at p think their rights invaded ? And prefent : There are two, and I be- will not both have at leaft a pre- lieve no more than two electors, tence for faying, that the houfes who think, or pretend to think, of Auftria and Brunfwick, with the that fuch a neceflity now exills : And help of Englifti money, are going the rdl of the electors and princes to opprefs the liberties of the Ger- think the election itfelf a matter manick body ? Can we think, that of fuch indifference, that they may q thofe electors and princes woujd lit allow themfelvcs to be determined quietly down under fuch a fuppofed by a fubfidy from us. In thefe cir- ufurpation of their rights; Can we cumltances we may fee, that by expect that France would not presently granting fubfidies to all thefe in- fend her armies again into Germany, under Digitized by VjOOQ 1C

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1753* Proceedings of the Political Club, 6fr. 59 onder pretence of being called upon account, Would be a fquandering of as guaranty of the treaty of Weft- the publick money ; becaufe it would plulia ? be giving away our money for do- Such an election, $>ir, if it could ing that which would certainly be be brought about, would therefore, done without our putting ourlelvts in my opinion, be fo far from being to any fuch expence. Again, if we an additional fecurity for the peace A fuppofe, thit all or moll of the of Europe, or the tranquillity of electors and princes of Germany Germany, that I am convinced, it think, that the electing of the a>ch- would produce an immediate war duke Jofeph king of the Romans in Europe, with this difadvantge, is a matter of fuch indifference, that that the greateft part of Germany, they may without any danger pro- and probably both the northern cerd to it diiectly, or let it alone till crowns, who are both princes of B after his father's death ; I will fay, tue empire, would join with France that in this cafe, our granting a againtt us ; in which cafe the Dutch, fubfidy to any one of them, for tho I believe, would be wife enough fake of flattening the election, would to fecure themfelves by a neutra- be worfe than iquandeiing, becaufe lity, as they did in the year 1734, it wouH rather retard than forward or perhaps, embrace that project fo the election, as every one of the often offered to them by France, C reft would be for delaying the elcc- of dividing what is now called the tion, in hopes of getting a likefub- Auftrian Netherlands between them, fidy from us ; and iurely, it is not Thus, Sir, our fuccefs in bringing to be imagined, that we can, or about fuch an election would, in ought to grant fubfidies to every my opinion, be one of the moil elector and prince of Germany upon unlucky events that could happen any account whatfocver. to as; but this, I confefs, I do notD I have hitherto fuppofed, Sir, much apprehend, becaufe whilft that all the electors aha princes of there is a divifion in the empire the empire are men of true honour about the neceflity of chufing a king and publick fpirit, and that none of the Romans, I believe, the elec- of them can be biafied by any mer- tor of Mentz will never venture to ccnary confideration to aft againft fummon a diet of election. Con- what they think the true intereft fequently I muft think, that whilft E of their country : The fartheft I fuch a divifion fubfifts, our granting have yet gone is to fuppofe, that of any fubfidy on account of get- fome of them are not men ftf fuch ting the a-chduke Jofeph chofen king great forefight and deep penetration of the Romans, will be an endea- as our wife minifters, which is the vour to purchafe what it is not caufe they think that a mere mat- poilible co purchafe, and confe- ter of indifference, which our mi- quently will be a fquandering of F nifters in their great wifdom clearly tne pubhek money, which initead perceive to be of the higheft im- of agreeing to, we are in duty poiunce: But reallv from the ar- bound to p. event. Nay, fuppofing, guments made ufe 'of by the ad- Sir, that there were no fuch divifion voca'es for this motion, one would in the empire : Sup^ofing that ail be apt to imagine, that the electors the electors and princes thereof and princes of Germany, or fome thought it neceflary for the fecurity Q of them at le^ft, are as venal as any of the empire to proceed to an im- of our little boroughs in Englaw, mediate election, and to chufe the ar.d that if we did not bribe then* archduke Jofeph king of the Romans, to act for the intereft of their conn- yet ftill I mould tbink, that our try, they would accept of htica granting of any fubfidy upon that H 2 frui.i Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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60 Proceedings of the Political Club, tic. Feb. from France to a& againft the inter- have thereby fo much exhaufted eft of their country ; therefore if our ftrength, that we can no longer any in this houfe have occafion to continue to act in the fame manner ; be cautious how they exprefs them- therefore, if the princes of Germany, felves upon this fubjedt, it is thole and fome of the other princes of Eu- who plead for this motion, not thofe rope, think of throwing always the la- who pleai againft it ; for I defy A bouring oar upon us, we mull refolve any man to advance one folid ar- to drop our oar, and betake our. gument for our giving money for felves to our own bottom, before the fake of getting a king of the our ftrength be fo much impaired Romans cholen, without making a as not to be able to take care of our- fuppofmoo, that can no way tend felves. This, I truft in God! we to the honour of the electors at that may ftill do, if we confiue ourfelves election ; therefore, I hope, the B to our own element, and refolve gentlemen who pretend to* have to carry On no war but by fea. It io great a regard for the honour we cannot do this : If we cannot and dignity of the electors and defend ourfelves by fea both againft princes of the empire, will drop France and Spain, fhould both join the reafon they have afligned for our againft us. we muft be undone ; for granting the fubfidy pro po fed, and it is impoffibie for \xi to carry on a luroifh us with fome other reafon, C new Jand war upon the continent before they defire our concurrence of Europe, at the fame expence we with their motion ; for, I think, I did the laft. La demure Guinea Pem» have clearly (hewn, that if the elec- fortera was an expreffion of Lewis tors and princes of the empire are XIV. who underftood the methods men of true honour and publick of carrying on a war as well as fpirit, the election of a king of the any man ; and by the high intereft Romans could neither be the objed D of money we are forced to borrow, or the view of the treaty now under the expence of transporting troops, confideration, nor the principle up- paying fubfidies, and often paying on which it was founded. for troops which do us very little But, Sir, that I may confider this fervice, an army upon the continent treaty in every poffible light, I hope, of Europe will always coft us more I may now join with its advocates, than double the number cofts the without offence to any member of E French and Spaniards ; therefore, this hpufc, whatever may happen confidering our prefent load of debt as to others, in fuppofing, that the and mortgage of our publick re- ele&ors and princes of the empire, venue, we mall be in any fuch war or fome of them at ieaft, would join reduced to the laft guinea, long be* with France againft us and the true fore our enemies. This we had intereft of their country, if we did like to have fatally felt in the laft not prevent it by granting them fubfi- F war ; for had it not been for our dies in time of peace as well as war. great fuccefa at fea, and the diffi- I confefs, Sir, that in time of war culties and danger which the French we have long acted in fuch. a man- colonies and commerce were there- ner, as if we alone were concerned by reduced to, we mould have been in jreferving a balance of power obliged to have offered a carte blanche in Europe ; but I think we never to our enemies, becaufe it would before laft year began to a& fo inG have been impoffibie to have raifed time of peace, and when no im- money for carrying on the war mediate rupture was fo much as ap- during another campaign, without prehended. In fhort, Sir, we have feiziug upon that fund which is ap- }0 long afted in this manner, and propviated to pay the intereft, as well Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1753- Proceedings of the Political Club, tie. 61 well as that which is appropriated can never be attended with left dan* to pay the principal of our publick gerons confequences than in the cafe debts. now before us. We inuft therefore refolve, Sir, never from henceforth to be the firft Tie next that /poke was L. Valerias to take tbe alarum at the balance of Flaccus, <wbofi Speech wax to this power's being in danger, nor to fop- A tffeQ : pofc that it is, when no ftate in Europe # thinks fo bnc ourfelves, at leaft none Mr- Uratrmait, but fach as have fome particular and SIR, private intereft in view, which they A Lthovoh the Hon. gentle* difguife ander tbe mafk of that pub* Jf\ man, who fpoke laft, was not lick intereft, called the balance of pleated to give as his own opinion, power. When this balance is in B whether he thought an immediate real and apparent danger, the princes election of the archduke Jofeph a of Europe will be ready enough to right or a wrong meafure, yet he exert the utmoft of their ftrength, found himfelf obliged to acknowledge, without any fubfidy from as, even in that its being a right meafure feem- tirae of war ; and when this ba- ed to be the unanimous opinion of lance is not in any real and apparent this houfe ; and indeed, the cafe is danger, no fubfidy in time of peace C fo clear, that I do not fee how it can iecuTe their concurrence with as could be otherwife ; for if a vacancy in any future meafure, which we may in the Imperial throne be an event think neceffary for guarding againft that mud always be attended with a danger they are not fenfible of. the utmoft danger of caufing a civil This we may learn from experience war in Germany, two chances againft ^5 well as common fenfe; for the that event is certainly better than )ate behaviour of the elector of Co- D one. Befides, Sir, that it is a right logn is a proof of the little depen- meafure, and that it will tend to dence we can have upon any prevt- preferve the tranquillity of Genoa* oas fubfidy ; and\ fome others may ny, and consequently the peace of perhaps ah with lefs candour than Europe,, is evident from the mon- he has done ; becaafe he openly and ftrous fubfidies granted by France to candidly threw up his fubfidy, as fome of the princes of the empire: toon as he refolved not to concur E To whom does France grant her fub- with us, whereas fome others may fidies ? Not to any of those princes for years continue to receive our that are, for chafing the archduke money, and yet find from time to Jofeph king of the Romans, bat to time an excuie for delaying to con- thofe only who delare themfelves cor in that meafure, for which the againft it. Thefe two confiderati- money was granted. ons, Sir, moft convince every unbi- Having now, Sir, confidered this F aflcd man in Europe, that it is the fubfidy in every poffiWe light, and intereft of the empire to have the having (hewn, that in every one it archduke Jofeph ekded king of the muft be deemed a fqnandering or Romans as foon as pofliWe: Bat worfe than fqnandering the publick princes are like other men ; they money of this nation, I hope, my are often biafied, and their 'under* aflent to the motion will not be ex- ftandings hoodwinked by their paf- pe&ed i tot furely we are not to lay q fions. Some of thorn are governed it down as a maxim, that we muft by their ambition, their jealoufy, or grant every foreign fubfidy which their refentment ; and this prevents our fovereign may be advifed by his their feeing what fo clearly appears jnkifters to promife, and a rcfufal to Sir W Y . Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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6i Proceedings of the Political Club, &c. Feb. to be the true intercft of their coun- fire, and wbat we oar fe Ives allow to try: Tnefe have been carefully cull- be right. What reply can we make ? ed out by France, and by Jarge Tub- Can we make any other, than that we fidies enabled to keep numerous ar- will by a fubfidy enable you to keep mfes on foot, in order to intimidate up fuch an army as may be fufficient the reft, or at leaft to render it dan- for your defence, until we and our gerous for them to purfae the true A allies can come to your afliihnce ? intereft of their country, by pro- Thus, Sir, gentlemen may fee, ceeding to an election, and chuling tint the fubfidy is not given, nor the archduke Joftph king of the accepted, out of any mercenary Romans. view. It is given only to enable Thcfe, Sir, are the true circum- our friends to ad freely, and to de- fiances of Germany at prctent, and fpife the menaces of thofe, who by in fach ciicumftat ces how are we to B their ambition, jealou fy, or refent- behave? Will any genrleman fdyt rrwnt are Ld to oppoie the true in- that it is not the imereft of this na- teieii of their country, and are hired tion to prevent a civil war in Ger- b) France to declare tnemfelves ene- many ? Will any one fay, that it is mits to (his nation. As we defire »ot our intereft to preferve not only no:ning of any- of the princes of the onion but the activity of tne Germany but what is for their own Gerrnanick body ? Can it be fup- C mtereft as well as ours, it is to be pofed, that the empire is not more hoped that we (hall foon engage fuch cxpofed to the danger of a civil war a party in Germany as will be able during a vacancy of the Impeihl rb defpife the menaces of the French throne, than when it is full ? Can ic party in that country, and when we be foppofed, that the German ick have done this, we have done our body can be fo well united or fo bufinefs ; for they will be able to active without a head, as with one ? D protect the reft, and then all true What arc we then to do? Certainly, German patriots may act freely, and to prevent any fuch vacancy if poili- may without danger declare them- \Ht. How are we to do this? Tne felvesin favour of an election of king method is plain and obvious : By of the Romans : Nay, even thoie negotiation, by reafon and argument, who are now led by their pailions to we moil endeavour to remove tne oppofe that election, when they fee prejudices, to overcome the paflionf, E that they can thereby gratify none of and to convince the understanding of their governing pailions, they may the electors and princes of the cm- give up their oppofuion, and join pire, that it is their own intereft to with the reft of their countrymen in proceed as foon as poflible to an fecuring the future quiet of their tfection of a king of the Romans, country. But fuppofe, Sir, that we and to. make that choice fall upon mould not fuccecd in getting the the archduke Jofeph. But this is F archduke Jofeph chofen king-of the cot ?.l! v.e have to do ; When we Romans in the life-time of his fa- h*ie fucceer.'ed in this with anyone tber, do gentlemen think that the cr mere of them, they will of courfe fubfidies we now grant will be of no snfwer : We approve of what you fervice? Sir, next to preventing a lay : We fee that what you propofe vacancy in the Imperial throne, the is rigJ.t : but there is fuch a one has principal thing we are to take care of a g?eit ftard.rg army on foot, and G is, that if fuch a misfortune fhould he will prele .tly invade u% and fwal- happen, it ihall be of as ihort a con- low up our whole territory before we tiuuance as poflible; and for this cao po(Tii>!> provide ior our defence, purpofe the beft thing we can do, is ihwuia wc com/n with wuaiyoude* to engage beforehand a majority of the Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1753- Proceedings of the Political Club, Gfr. 6$ the eleflors to chufe that prince for alone as little able to withftaad the emperor, who will be lead under the influence of trance in time of peace, guidance of France, and molt at- . as her power in time of war. We tached to the intereft of this king- muft give them our aulitance in time dom : and at the fame time to for- of peace as well as war, if we are tify that majority, fo as to render reiolved to preferve a balance of any forcible opposition to their choice A power io Europe, and consequently of the mod dangerous consequence our own independency. How are to the undertakers. we to do this f h there any other I think, Sir, it is unanimoufly way than that of perfuading as agreed not only in this houfe, but many of the electoral and other by a!) the princes of Europe who princes of Germany as we can, that are friends to a balance of power, it is their intereft as well as ours to that in cafe the prefent emperor B continue the imperial diadejn in the ihould die before the election of a houie of Auftr:a; ami to enable king of the Romans, the only me- (uch of them as yield to our redoes, thod for preferving the peace and to have always tuch a body* of re> a balance of power in Europe, would gu!ar troops on foot, as joined with be to chufe his fon the prefent arch- the armies of Auftria, may pre- doke Jofeph to be emperor, even vent ttiem or any prince in Ger* tho' be Qiould be at that time under C m-ny from being forced by their age. This choice, I am fure, it would powerful neighbours to aft againft be the intereft of this nation to re- the true intercit of their country ? commend and fupport; and I am as In this li^ht, Sir, 1 confider the fure, that France will leave na ftone . treaty and the fubfidy now under unturned for the preventing this consideration, and in this light I choice. As I am no way acquaint- mult look upon it as a molt prudeoC ed with the fecrets of the cabinet, J) ftep, whether we fucceed or not I cannot pofitively fay, but 1 in the defign of getting the arch- Ihrewdly fofpeel, that (he is already duke Jofeph chofen king of the taking meafnres for this purpofe. Remans during the life ot his father, Perhaps (he has already a prince in the prefent emptror. I mould be her eye, who by her influence, and glad that a balance of power could tinder her fupport, is \a declare be preferved in Europe without our himfelf a candidate for the imperial g intermeddling in the affair, or be- diadena. This may be the caufe ing at any expence upon that ac- that (he is already doling out her count; but wmlft France is at a fubfidies fo bountifully to the princes grcac expcr.ee in time of peace as of Germany ; and we know, that well as war, for carrying on her unlcfs the three ecclefiaftical elec- ambitious deiign of overturning that tors be fecure of an immediate and balance, and rendering herieir the powerful aflhTance, they muft either p fole arbitrefs of all the affairs of fly their refpedtive territories, or Europe, we mult be at fome ex- vote at the next ele&ion according pence in time of peace as well as to the orders font them by the court war, in order to defeat that dentin. of VerfailJcs. When we know As her defign is contrary to the real this, or at lea ft when we have great and remote intercit of all the princes reafon to fufpeel fuch fecret prac- of Europe, however much fome cf rices, would it not be* madncls inG them may be blinded by an ima- us to think of no previous meafures gin -try and immediate intereft, fhe for defeating them ? The houie mult carry k on with grtat art, and of Auftru will certainly do all tbty her expence muft al way svatlly exceed can ; but they are by them:elves any expence we may have octavo* to Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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64 Proceedings of the Political Club, &c. Feb. robeit; but ftill we muft be attorney out of our power to defend ourfel vet otherwife when her defign comes cither by Tea ox land, to be ripe for execution, (he may For this reafon, Sir, whilft the have fuch a number of the prince* feveral branches of the houfe of of Europe pre-engaged to a£ft her, Bourbon continue to be fo united at • that it will be impoffible for us and they feem to be at prefent, and whilft the few allies we have left, to op- A the two chief branches of that houfe pofe, much lefi to prevent, the exe- are attempting to make fuch in- cution, which will certainly be im« croachments upon us, I think we mediately directed either againft the fhould take care not to be obliged to houfe of Auftria or againft this na- ftand alone in a war againft the united* tion; becaufe the deftru&ion of power of that houfe; and this we can either would be an accomplifhment only do by preferving the power of of her defign, as it would then be B the houfe of Auftria, by continuing Impoffible for any potentate of En- that honfe in the poffeffion not only rope, or even for any confederacy of all its prefent dominions, but that could be formed in Europe, to a)fo of the imperial diadem, and by withftand the power of France, or cultivating as much as poffible a to dare to difobey her orders. cordial union between the head and This, Sir, the houfe of Auftria the feveral members of the Germanick are fully fenfible of, and therefore, C body. This union it has always been if we (hould ever be attacked by the bufinefs of France to interrupt ; France or Spain, or by both at once, For this purpofe (he has omitted no we may depend upon it, that at our art, (he has fpared no expence s defire the whole power of that houfe, and on this account (he is now more and of all the allies that either of diligent, and at a greater expence, us could engage, would be •em- than (he ever was heretofore. Is ?loyed in attacking France, or theD this therefore a time for us to betake pani(h branches of the houfe of ourfelves to our own bottom, or to Bourbon fettled in Italy, at land ; grudge the expence of two or three and whilft this continues to be the (mall fubfidies, when the fate of cafe, we have no occafion to be afraid Europe, and confequently of this of being attacked, not even by all nation, hangs upon the (ingle thread the branches of the houfe of Bour- of the prefent emperor's life; when bon together ; for when they are E it is almoft certain that this fate engaged in a heavy war at land, would be determined againft us, if it will be eafy for us to encounter we do not take care to attach to the them aU together at fea. But I con* houfe of Auftria as many of the fefs, I have not fuch an opinion princes of the empire, as we can even of our naval ftrength, as to poffibly prevail with to embark in imagine that we (hould be able to that caufe ? carry on with fuccefs a naval war P This is fo evident, Sir, and fo againft the united force of the houfe obvious to every gentleman who of Bourbon, if their force were no confiders the prefent circumftances way diverted by a land war. And of Europe, that I was furprifcd to let us confider, Sir, that if they hear the leaft objection made to the fhould, by any accidental misfor- treaty or fubfidy now under con- tune happening to us, become fu- fideration j and I am perfuadcd, perior to us but for one month or G that the oppofition arifes from gen- two at fea, we (hould be undone ; tlemen's not duly attending to the becaufe in that time, France would great change that has been occafion- pour in her numerous armies up- ed in the flate of affairs in Europe, on us, and by that means put it by the whole Spaniih monarchy's being Digitized by UOOQ IC

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1753- Of Limz-W at evl's preventing Putrefa&ion.* 65 beiag brought voder the dominion of t be mixed Tome tab tn concbii mart pit. bunch of ibe houfe of Boubon. Whilft But at the fame t-me be notxes, that that monarchy was under the dominion they do nut, l.ke other falts, d flTJve m of a branch of the boufe of Auftna, that water. Nam qutmadmdum (fays he) dt- houfe was of itfc If a match for the houfe werf* particu'ar fain, aum ex etmenbut torfi- of Bourbon j and therefore it was not ctur.tur, flcraquc cmnet mmtm* b^mox d QJ- PKCffiTJ for Ih S nation, Or any Of the vtHtmr, ait m oqiofom ammutantur J*bjta*- other powers of Europe, to give themfelvca ^ tiam, Jit b* particular (p!iit ex tolce frovem- much trouble about the quarrels between ernes, e cemrano tn J^mmo tumorc •bdutaxtur thefe two. houfe* J but (he Auftrian fcale jivt rtgefcunt, ade> ut ejfJem rurfut in aouo- is bow become fo light, and the other fo Jam eewerti bum.nm rwqusm wdtrm. fo heavy, that ether Aates, and in par- September the 7th I began the fame ocular this nation, mull uptn every oc- experiment on fifh, puling into e»ch of cafion throw th days time ; but r^e ly} this treaty, with the fubttey attend-. lime- water fmelled oniy of ucfh rlih, in; k, I anuft look on as a puree of die and continued fi to do c II January 175a, gruteA ctconomy , inftead of being a piece when it was taken out as tweet as ever ; of extravagance. It is a p'efent expenc/e while ihit in the c mtion- water was of a few thousands, wh.ch m»y here- putrid enru^h, as m.iy e^ily be imag ned. after (a»e us the expending of millions ;C * m xtd one part cf fil trtd ten months for which reafon 1 fiiall mod hcaitiy give old herring brine, which was cf a deep it say concurrence. reddilh brown colour, and very tranfpa- [IbU }*v**ai. e be csMtiBMedraomr next.] "«*» with two parts of lime-water. The mixture became immediately white 9&H«sKBK3*«*^^ and turbid, without any cbfavable «%*».- # , ..„ 1 change of fme I. But on adding two Tbef*ll«o,*z Experiment* lately fMJh-d at pm$ roorC of ,ime wal ;t fme:Icd Qc Edinbu«cj Water, *y Chablb* Alston M.D. and ^^^ „ cJcar M Water above . very mmcbdef.rmetbe Aaewt.cn of tbeFec^ And rhe vo}a„]c a,CJ,H bt dnvw off titftb,,Ki*£Amt*ndtberef>r*n»eb*vi it fmelled only of will and recently cured ;w. tktm * Plate r» cur Magazine, herrings. Old failed beef brine, treated LIME-WATER, fays this ingenious the fame way, gave the very same pbaenp- phyfician, preverts, or long pro- mens, trach the putrefaction of animal fub- And again, in anfwer to another phy- ftances. The aid of January 175a, having E tlcian upon the fame fubjrcl, he fjys, » one phial ftone lime-w^ter, and in -Although by renewing the lime water on another fountain water, 1 put into each it, I believe flefh mgh' be prefer ved from, a little bit of freihbeef, and corked rrng Obfermttfts d< fig»'i* falit, p. 1 37 — 143. as pofBbte ; and put into each a dram ere he gives th« figures of fome fm^il wcitht of frefh faimon. The intuficn w** uarfjclea of the hme probably, which very fine and tranfparent, and of \h* hu glaiTca difcovered, both in water ccAour of a tincture of aloes. Apnl u, wfsereio be pot fonne cmlx bpidta qua Leo- it wai be:ome turbid, forr.ewhjt fee' d, dti •dvtbitur j and alfo water with which and had fome mouldy fpoi* en its furface. February, 1753. 1 A^fiJ Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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66 Mischiefs of Gaming and Routs. Feb. April 1%, more tabid, flill fcetid, mouldy to be hoped, the company will Older them fpots gone. May i, it fmelled lefs fcetid- to be made this next feafon. ty, and more of camomile 3 the fmell of And as the game law* are now cart red the flowers much leiTening, and fometimes fo flriclly into execution •, that thofr sib it were overcoming the fetor. Af- whofe efta'es ate at a diftance from Loo- ter five or fix weeks, the fcent became don, can never have any frefh game at more di (agreeable j the infufion precipi- their table, it would be worth their while tated a good deal of flimy fluff, but con- ^ to try this experiment j for if it holds, tinued turbid. After they had flood ma- we might then have all forts of game fent cerating for fix'y eight days, 1 took bo?h frefh to London, even from Ireland ard the ont. Thst which was in the infufion, northcrnmoft parts of Scotland. To which wu of a dark brown colour, very (en- we (hail add the advantage of our having der and fcetid ; neither colour, fmell, frefh falmon, frefh trout, &c. at a very tafte, nor confidence of falmon remain- moderate price here at London, ing : Whereas the piece that was in the lime-water, was quite found, retaining T« tbi A u t h o a »/" ^LONDON its proper tafte, f.Ticll, confidence, and B MAGAZINE, colour, being ftill redd fb, and only a little blanched, but n »t in the leaft forid. SIR, "When I had kept both liquors about fix JT '» «o be wilhed, that we had foiae weeks longer, and the lime water began 1 publick paper of entertainment, that, t> ftink, I filtered both ; and obferved, *'ee '">«" politicks and party, might ani- that the putrefaflion of the infufion was madtert upon the irregularities, which much more effenhve than that of the from time to time are apt to creep into lime water. And having mixed one part Q the manners of a peopej I remember of this fee id lime water with two parti the^ days of good queen Anne, when I of frefh hme water, obferved alfo, though was more in the gieat world than I have the mixture was in a clofe corked phial, been of late : I have heard it obfes ved that in a day's time it loft its fostor, re then, as well as often fince, that the po- taining only a flimy fmell, which fome litenefr, which diftinguifhed that particu- compared to that of crabs, others to that tor icra, was in a great meafure owing to of lobfters. If therefore lime-water is «he genteel raillery, which was conveyed more antifeptic than a ftrong infufion of to the town iu papers then published comom.le flowers, 1 leave to my friend & weekly under the titles of Tatlers and to judge, whether it makes only «• fome Spectator* -r but a* there are no checks fmall refinance to putrefaction." ©* that kmd now, every perfon, fo dif. I never thought the virtues of lime- po'ed, plays the fool without fear or wit. water confided only in coneding putre- Gaming, which at beft can produce no faaion j but I was very gild to find good confequencei, is of late run into that it had that quality j and confe- nich a vice, that the happinefs of the quently was perfectly fafe in fuch cafes, married ftate is in a great meaftite ck- wheein otherwife it might have been £ ftroyed by it 5 the care of the family, hurtful, and was generally reckoned fo. and the education of the children while And it gave me great picture to obferve they are young, which is the province of that a fmall quality of quick- lime could the mother, are in hundreds of inflances prevent the corruption of a great deal of iniirely given up, and facrificed to a game eomm-n wa'er ; and onfequently be fig- at cards. ' There is no moderation in the rally ufeful to marinen in long voyages, purfuit of this plerfure, or let me call it by contributing feveral ways to the health by its proper name, of this vice. Thofe of that valuable part of mankind, on which _ riotous meetings, not improperly called the profperity of the nation not a little de- * routs f» were fijft begun by people of pends, and fcr whofc fake chiefly I have quality. It is 11 ranee, that any thing, pub'ifhd this paper. that has fuch an affinify to mobbing, Bcfides what the author has obferved, fhould take its rife am>ng tho<e, from with refpea to the preferving of common whom we fhouW expecl a better tafte. water on board our fhipj, thefe ex peri- But fee the force of bad example, and ments deferve our attention, particularly how fond people are of imitating their at prefent, on two other accounts ; for betters in their worft fafhiens. Thefe if herrings could be preferved fiefli for Q routs have been fpreading lower and low- five or fix weeks, without altering their er, t.ll now thty are come fo low at delicious ta<te or high flavour, it would among the bucaneers : People of this dc- be a great advantage to our herring fifli- nomination have ihcir routs, but with ery 5 and as the necefTiry experiments fome improvements j for out of parti - may be made at fo fmall an expence, it is cular ambition to affront religion acid decency, • Sig our Magazine /or tbi Ufi Tegr, f. 463, 595. f *'< 0ur Maf*zifce/## lafl fwri *• 160.

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1753- Formation of the human F CE T U S. 6y decency, they hold them on the Sabl ath Seven days after the conception, we day. Perhaps nothing could happen fo may with the naked eye difcover the fi«ft effe&ually to put an e*d to them among uneamen's of the foetus, but at yet with- peuple of quality as this, which looks out any form. Ac the end of thefe fever* like a bu.lefque upon routs j 1 wifh it days we can perceive only what may be may, but if they continue to fpread among leen in an egg at the end of 14. hours of the lower people, they will have feveral incubation, a little lump of jelly atmoft bid effects, a tranfparent, which hai already fome foli- I an an inhabitant of a quarter of the dity, and in which we may diftinguilh tewn where this enormity has appeared, the head and the trunk, as it is of an ob- and I beg you would give this a place in long form, and the upper part, which re- yosr Magaz ne, to try if it may prove % preients the trunk, is longer and fmailer him to the parties to drop it, In which than the lower. We likewife fee fome cafe I (hail drop it alio ; but if it is conti- fmall fibres like a bird's tuff, which grow rued, I hope you will give me leave to out from the middle of the body of the trouble you one more with fome remarks tee .'us, and end at that membrane in upon a pnence, which is fo high an tnfuk B which it is indoftd, together with the tpon religion and gcod manners. liquor that furrounds it. Thefe fibres af« I am, terwardi form the umbilical veffel or navel- 6ir, &e. firing. [Tht rmarh o*r ctrrtfpmitnt mtnttoms, will A fortnight after conception, we begin sV wv *tuptable.\ to diftinguifh the head, and to difcover the moll remarkable features of the face : The Tubt AUTHOR of the LONDON nofe is as yet but like a little prominent MAGAZINE. q thread, snd perpendicular to that line svhich SIR, indicates the (eparat lines. kiflory can be given of the formation of A week afterwards, that is to fay, at the human foetus in the womb, as of the end of three weeks, the body ot the tht format ioi of a chick in the egg, be- foerus has not grown but about a line cade opportunities for observation fcl- longer, but the aims and legs, the hands dom occur, therefore we can know no and feet a*-e apparent t The growth of tho more of it, than what miy be gathered p arms is quiwker than that of the Ie*;s, and from the writing* of anatomifts, forgot, the fingers are feparared heiure the toes, and mid wives, from which he te'is us. At the fame time the internal organizat on that in three or four days after conccp- of the foetus begins to be fer.fihle : The ton, there appears to be in the ma'r.x bones are repteftnrcd by little threads as or womb an oval bubble, whofe lowr, fine as hairs, and the r.b» rmy be d.flin- c\ diameter is fix l>nes f in length, and guimed, which are as yet bit like threads n fhorteft four. This bubble is formed regularly difp .fed upon each fide of the by a membrane which is cxtret*Jy fi.»e, fyine. The arms 'he leg*, the fingers aid contains a hmpid IqiorWry muih F and toes are aifo represented by the fame refembhng the white of an eg§. In this foit of threads. LqnM- there rmy already be perceived In a month's time 'he fce'us is above a few fm ill fihrr. is a little bene : fpread a net ofYmall fibres which covers The membrane w^htch contain> the whole one half of this bubble from one end ile, that is to fay, as faras theciiclc gdre ; and now i's lon^il diameter t« foppoed to be formed by a revMuti »r» of ab:>ut an inch ard a lidf, and icswiorteft the fhart axis. Theie are the foil trjees abjut an irch and a quarter. Tt.e hu- of the placenta. man fljipe of lha fostus is no lprjrer I * doubtxul, • 5« ser Magazine/or Ufl jcirt p. 45S. \ A Hat i,i mstfwt is :kt i:/5 pa- 1 '^ an inch. Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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68 Formation of tbt human FCETUS. Feb. doubtful, and all the feature* of the face aflerv, that jhc motion* of the female) ate now d.ftingutfhab'e t The body »• de- do not become (er.fiWe before the end lineated, the hipi and the belly elevated, of the 4th numb, Nevcrthelefs, fo>r»e the memberi ate formed, the toot and women have faid, that they have begun the tinge • are fcpa'ated from one ano- to be fenfiile of the motions of their ther, the (kin is extremely thin and tranf- child from the beginning of the second parent, the bowels are already pointed month, but upon tbt head it is very dif« out by a bundle of nbic, the veffels ^ ftcult to arrive at any certainty, the fess- a*e as fmall as threads, the membranes rations whkh the motions of the foetus extiemely loafe, the bones are as yet excite, depending at fir ft, perhaps, more f"fr, it being only in fome parts that upon the fenfibility of the mother, than they have began to be a little folid, upon the Arcngth of the foetus, the vefTds which are to compofe the Four months and a half after ooncep- navel- ftring are as yet in a ri$ht line along tioo, the length of rhe foetus is from six ftde of one another, and the placenta to fcvsn inches : All the pares of the covers no more than a third cf the whole _ body are then fo much encrcafcd, that imfs, wheels at fiift it covered a half 5 & we miy ea6»y diftinguifh them from one from whence it appears that the increafe of another, and the nai.'i appear both upon it* fopernciee has not been fo treat as that the fingers and tees. The tefticlea of the uf the foe 01 and the reft of the m«fs, but male are Inc oied in the belly juft above it h»s greatly increased in its foiidity, its the kidneys : The Aomach is full cf a thickf efi being become much greater in thickifh liquor, pretty like to that wh'cb - pr^p^ition th^n that which wraps up the is ioclofed in the ammum : In the fmall foe us, and we may already diftinguifh the guts we find a mi'ky lubrtance, and in two membranes of which this wrapper Q the large a fubftance wfcich is black and is compoftd. liquid. There is a little bile in the gall, According to H ppocratea the male and a little urine in the bladder. As the fee us grows farter than the females He fcotu* floats freely in the liquor that fuf- pretenrU, that at the er.d of 70 days all rounds it, there is every where a dirtsnee the parts of the body of the mile are ap- between its body and the membranes in parent, but that thofe of the female arc Dot which it is wrapt up : Thefe wrappers fo until after the 4*d day. at firft grow fafter than the foetus, but In fix weeks the foetus is near two v* after a certain time the contrary happens : inch r j in length, rhe human form begins to U The f ottos grows in proportion fafter than be perreclcd, only the head is bigger in the wrappers, fo that it may touch them proportion than the o'her parts of the w.th the extremities of its meir.bert, from b^dy, and about the fame time the heart whence* it may be thougl t, that it is may be perceived to move : It has been forced to draw or fold up the members of feen to beat in a foetus of 50 days old, and its body. even cont.nue to beat for a petty while Before the end of the third month ' after the foe'us has been taken out of the the head is bent fore ward*, rhe chin w>mbof the moth r. £ refting upon the bre-.fi ; the knees a>e In two months the foetus is above two raifed, the legs folded backwards, ard inehes in length, and the offification at often crc fled, and the p*irtt of the foot the middle of the bones of the arms, turned upwards and clofe to the thighs, thighs and legs is become fenftble, as in fuch a manner that the two heels are aifo at the point of the lower jaw, which very near one another. Sometimes the is then extended a good deal farther than knees are ra fed fo rvgh as aJmort cq the upper jaw. Thefe offifications may touch the cheeks, the It gs arc folded un- as yet be faid to be but points of bone } p der the* thighs and the fole of the feet but b; rhe erTcd of a more quick growth is alwjr^ turned backwards : The arn-j the Hreaft bones are entirely offified, the bang downwards, and are inMcd "P"n the navel-ftring is formed, and the veffels breaf^, ard one of the h*nd*, f'metimes of which if is compofed be^in t\> <*rn and bo»h, touch the (*ce : 'i h*y .ire fomenmct twill themfelvev almoft in the fame man- fh,ut j and alfo the arm* are fomerme*. ner as the 'treads of when a rope is com- hanging down at full length by the fides of p fed 5 but this firing is as yet very fhort the body. f in comtnrifon of what it comes to be af- The foetus pota itfelf af»rrwvds in forwards. Gpoflures different frrm, thefe : When it In three months the foetus is three is near its birth, and even a long white ia he*, Ion?, and about three ounces in before, it has ufuslly rhe head drven weight. Hippocrates fays, that about wards, and its face turned towards its this rime the mwhsr begins to be fenfibte mother's back j but it is natural to fop- 01 tho motions oi a male, fcetut, and he pofe, that it often change*, iu pcfture. $*- •« Di

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1753* Account ef the Genu, a new Entertainment* 69 Experienced raidwives have pretended to . be certem, chat it changes its pofturt A* Acco^ of tbt mm Ewttrtmmme* c*ff- moch oheoer than is commonly thought, td the Gxitii, nvw *0ftrg at tbt Thutrtm This may be proved by fevcral obferva- *yt i* Drury-Lane. tions ; at, i. We often find the navel- A FTER a pretty overture the rifing ft ring twitted aod turned round the body i\ curiam difcovers the fcene of a grove, and limbs of the child, in fuch a roar)- fupyo ed to be formed by enchantment 3 »er as neceffarily implies, that the foetus a It confifts of leafy wings, intermixed has moved every manner of way, and with flowers forming arches, and termi- that it has faccc(five.'y pot itfelf in pof. nates wi'h an ex'enfive continuation } twee very different from one another. the top of the fame composition with s. The mothers feci the motions of the the fides ; four fpiri's in Arabian dretTea fcetus sometimes upon one fide of the lean agiinft the wings; from the lower womb, and fometimes upon the other, end enters Harlequin in the drefs of an and perceive it to Alike with equal force Arabian prince, the outfide of the fame againit several different parts \ from paity. coloured fluff as ufual, and lined whence we mart fuppofe, that it puts B with filver tiffue 5 a turban, richly fan- itfeif into different fituations. 3, As it . cied, adoins bis head, and, h.s hand fwime in a Iquid with which it is on guiding a wand, he walks melancholy to every fide fur rounded, it may very eafily the front of the flage 5 a little winged turn or extend itfeif, or bend it 1 elf, by genius, clothed m blue and filver, en* i's own proper ftrength j and alfo it muA deavours by perfusions to difpel hie be in different fituations, according fo gloom, and for a means recommends the different attitudes of the body of beauty. — At a wave of his little wand, the mother ; for example, when (he lies, Q four genii, who had been in fearch of a the foetus mull be in a different fitua- proper object for their matter** love, fly tion irom that in which it is, when (he down with pictures 5 he addreffes himfelf ilande. - to them, and fele&s one $ the genii then The greeted part of anatomifts hive fly up, and his particular genu* advifee though', that the forus is forced to bend him, in fearch of that fair one, to mi it* body, and to fold its limbs, becaufe among msnkind, aod exert his magick it is too much confined in ks wrapper j power ; a dance of thee four fpirits ie but to nas this opinion Teems to be with- then introduced as to divert hi* meJancho- owt foundation, for there is, efpectally aJ ly, and Monf. Ferrere repreftn ing aoo- duriag the firft five or fix men hi, a great thsr j ins them ; Har equin appears dt- dcal of more room than u> neceffary for vetted of his flate, and in his ufual form the forus to extend itfeif, and yet in this difmiffes his fyntes. very orne ic is bent and folded : We like* A fecne of a fumptuoot ftreet prefents ; wile fee that a chick is bent in the liquor the genius brings in Harlequ'n, and points contained in the Amnium, even at the to him the houfe his fair one inhabits ; tune when that membrane is large enough, Hiriequin knocks ; the fervant entert, re* end that liquor plentiful enough, for £ fufes him admittance $ a port- man brings cont *imng a body of five or fix time- letters to the houfe, and, while the fer- che niseis of the cheken. Therefore vant is reading the fuperfcription, Harle* we mnd of Pantaloon, wears in the womb of its mother, it naturally purple fan in, edged with fa He fur ; t^e puts itself into the moft convenient pof* daughter (whom for the future we call ture for that porpofe. Colombine] appears in yellow j her cloak, Our author adds a gre»t deal more for Q and each of the falls of her petticoat, expia ning the manner and the caufes of are edged with whi'e fur, the maid blue the b rth ; but as this wou'd be tedioui, edged wi»h bUck. Tht Panraloon, pack- end is proper only for mid wives, 1 dull ing u > h:s cloaths, feem» to have frrgnt |4d 00 m$TC) but that f->mtth<rg, and exi s for it } mean whiTe, I am, &c. the fervant brings ** Harlequin as the po(t Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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TO Account of the Genii, a new Entertainment. Feb; poft-man, he gives letters, looks with furies, who bringing in four female part- rapture on Colombine, who goes out, and nert form in a dance j monfieur Devife it followed by Harlequin. and madam Augufte, as the two princi- A fine chamber with a large looking- pal, join them in dreffes richly adorned 5 glafs and pidures feeming in the Came the genius goes out wirh Harlequin to houfe ; Colombine enters, followed by try Come meant of gaining her. her lover in his own drefs ; (he feemi Pantaloon is fee* crofting the ftage as (hy, and rejects his fuit, till mufick play- * going to another houfe, in the infide of ing in the air engages her attention, which is difcovered a mew chamber fcene 3 which it yet heightened by the voice of an old man, an old woman, their fon and the gtniut, who from above urges her to daughter, are drinking of coffee, a fer- fly with Harlequin 5 which as they do, vant waiting ; the young one in fcarlet the genius cries " t,oo late.** Pantaloon edged with for, making a fop, even in entering forces Harlequin to run through that country, feems to be defigned to the wainfcot, which now appears full of marry Colombine 5 her father enters, they books ; Pantaloon gives Colombine to all feem to agree and go out to execute the care of her mother. — The next fcene B the writings, leaving Blakes and his man 5 it a ftreet, through which Harlequin is after fome difplay of foppery, a cafe is purfued, whs, to avoid his purfuert, en* brought, from whence is drawn out an ters a beautiful garden j an arbour fronts enormous muff, and through the cafe if- the ftage, covered with flowers, and fues a figure dreffed juft like the fop, among which a multitude of fun- flowers though in miniature 5 and from the black ftrike the eye. Harlequin being forced face, we may fuppofe it to be either into the arb.ur, it turns into an elegant Harlequin contracted to the ftatore of a fishmonger's (hop, and he appears the q child, or elfe his faithful genius 5 the fop matter. Pantaloon, miffing Harlequin, fee) him, isfiighed, and. after behol'i- comet to buy fifti ; many real ones are ing each other they draw and engage, the produced, fome of which be buys 5 and, little fop eluding all hit paffes j Panta- going out, hit fervant follows, after hav~ loon enters and cannot fee the little one, ing been fufficientiy bit by the nofe by the who ftill terrifies the fop j they exit ard lobfter's claw, and made almoft drunk croft the ftreet, and enter Cok>mbine*a in recompence by the fiftimonger, who, chamber ; Colombine and her intended putting the marketing in a tray, follows. fpaufe ate Tested on etch fide a table, on The chamber is difcovered, Colombine D which, when he would addrefs her, the is locked in by her mother, Pantaloon is little fop appears and frightens him ; followed by the clown and fishmonger ; Pantaloon entering, he abfeonds behind Colombine feeing his habit under his apron Colombine*! petticoats, and, at the fop rejoices, and while the father goes for would kjft her, ft 11 ft a ret in his face, his purfe to pay for the filh, efcapes and at length runt off with her. — Next, with him ; Pantaloon returns, and, ex- a purfuit ; then behold a brick-kiln, brick* prefling great diforder, follows 3 after makers at work ; Harlequin and Colom- calling the maid and other little incidents, pbine enter and bribe the m*n, who, on another purfuit of both Harlequin and Co- the entry of the purfuers, befmear' them lombine, who crofs the ftreet and enter w.th the clay, to elude their fearch. Har- a tavern built of marble, defigned and lequin, pulling off hit drefs, appears in executed in an extraordinary manner j that of a reaper, and the brick- kiln turns a fum^tuous fide board of china, &:. to a field of real barley, the fist fcene and, on a table, an elegant entertainment continuing the view 3 fome reapers are it fet, for fome of which Harlequin bar- at, work, who reap and gather into real gains, and fends the miftreft out, but (heaves, and Colombine, quite like a rural file returning informs them of the fa- F maid, gleans after them 3 they all exit, ther juft entering 3 the tavern it here- and in a ftreet the purfuers enquire of a upon transformed into a water-mill with carpenter carrying a deal 3 he points them real water ; Harlequin comes in like the out. Now drops a fcene, containing a ru- miller j Cjlombine, looking inadveiten'ly ral profpedt, which exceeds any landflcip out of the window, is feized and carried yet fhewn on die ftage, a leather bottle off. hung out, the fcene riles and leaves The ftreet it next, and Colombine is them in a field, where they all dance, till forced along, and put fafe into the houfe. q Pan f a Or n and the reft crofting put them We next beho'd a fcene of crag*ed in diforder. After fome purfuits, we • rocks, Harlequin, now defpairing for his fee a wood-yard, piles of deals, and a miftreft, lies on tht ground ; hi faithful wharf with water running by 3 Panta* geniut heartens him, reminds him of his I on fpies them there, comes to them 3 magick power, an*, to arnufe, rai es four and by the help of Harlequin, the wood- yard Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1753- °f tb* Art *f refitting SILVER.' ji yard (hews you Weflminfter-bridge, with understood by thofe who practlfe the lat- all the profpcd through the arches ; they ter j I (ball call in what little knowledge croft it feveril times, and, not fuccecding, the experiments I have mide in metaliur- they come to the houle of a conjuror, gick chemiftry may have given me, to whom be employs to aid them, but all the aSfiftance of one of them in our own in vain. Colombne is discovered with kingdom, which is undoubtedly at this Harlequin, (he languishing falls on the time better practifed by others, ground, the genius enters to them, and ^ It is not without plcafure I See a new tells tbem danger is near ; they exit, fet of refiners attempting improvements and the purfueis entering are led by aerial in the profctficn. Their attempt feems to mufick caufed by the genius, till they come have Succeeded fa far as to produce SiU to the fcene of rocks j there Harlequin ver of a better colour than the ordinary and Colombtne are feated en a pile of kind, but more harSh : It is not difficult them, but foon afcend on a fofa, that perhaps to difcern from this, what is the was before hid by the craggy rocks j the procefe by which thefe artifts have made Scene is hereupon changed to the palace the improvement j but if they lofe due- of Harlequin, who now appears in all B tility while they gain colour, they throw his grandeur, difmiiTes his rival with a away on one hand what they get on the frown, but retains Pantaloon wirh great other. ' Perhaps what I Shall add on this courtefy ; they feat themfelves and are cccafion, may point them out a remedy entertained with a dance of fpirits, ro°n- to this objection, and they are not to be fieur Ferrer e at their head ; and Panta- difpleafed if, in return, their lecret be ac- tooo, giving his confent, dofes the enter- cidentally thrown open, among the me- tainment. thodi 1 Shall ntme for the improvement I muft here reconfider the laft fcene, Qof the ait of refining in England. Let which beggars all description 3 the moft us once lay down the method of render- romantick Eaftern account of fumptuous ing Silver abfolutely pure, and the French palaces are but faint to this difplay of beau- will not long excel us in their metal j nor ry, this glow of b>ht, this profusion of glir- will our own refiners any more complain tering gems, which adorn the whole, aad of the uncertainty of their procefiei, or that much exceed* aU expectation. they are not able at any time t> make two bars exactly nes 1 Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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y* Obsirvathws on tbt Pruflian Mimorial* Feb. Hones are changed into a kind of glaft t ft finished j It Ji to be taken off the ire. The filver is thus received into the lead j and ehe filter it abfbkrtely pore. and is to be Separated afterwards by burn- This is not a method for vaft quantities, fog that lead away. This h the method bat all that it ufed for the wire trade ufed with the Hungarian and Norway might be (Iras prepared i And there would ores, and it is plsin that it reduces the be then no fault at the door of the refiner • metal to the fame ftate with that which Ss extracted originally from lead in Eng- ^ ObfemtionsMfAePausaiAN Memos ial, land. LaAly, when there are .ear tht and re**«r»ffiff£e St lima Loan, (S*t f>. 4.) other foulnetfes in the ore, g*afs qf lead Frtm tbt London- Evening Poft. is added, and this hai the fame effe&. It is by one or other of thefe ways that moft SIR, of the filter it feparated from the Euro- A S the ftoppage of payment of the pean ores. They are therefore all, more /\ «mperor*s loan by his PrsaJSao ma- or left, under the .fame difadvantage with J*Ay ts a publick conosro, and snay be that from the Englifh lead oret 5 and they attended wirh very bad cootequences, it prove in effed all bad in colour. Hence B wiH not be amifs to eonfider his Pruflian the reafon appears why the Indian filver is majefiy*s reafbns for fo doing 5 and how preferable. far it fiat the colour of yuAice, and wncsn This is the origiosl difference of filver it is mconfifant with reafon. from its federal ores, but rhit might be all His Pruflian majefty fays,- " It it a rule fet slide in the refining t We are therefore founded both on reafon and upon the to enquire how tjjis is done, and how *t law of nations, that when a fovneeign de- may be done. The common method is niet the fubjedt of another fovcreign that by a ftrong fire encreafed by a continual q juftke which he is required snd foliated blowing, and by the addition of lead. to render them, or when he does not do This is an eafy way, and it refines a great them due juftios } as well that foveeeigu, deal at a time; but iuftead of mending, as his fubjedb, are snfwereble for it in Stencreafes the difadvantage with regaid to their own fpecial and perfonal name* the lace trade $ for lead is the thing of all Grot, de Jw. Bell, * Pec. This prin- othert to be avoided. ciple of the law of nations fc founded on Silver will be excellently refined by on- natural reafon, Hecauie the fubjtds are ly me ting it with a fourth part of pow- held to approve of the afrs of (heir fove- dered nitre, in a covered crucible j this ** rei^n, and fubferibe to hit judgment ; purifies it from every thing t>ut gold : If Whence it naturally follows, that they are there mouldy have been any of this meral anfweraWe for It j and that when aH other in it, it it eafy to feparate afterwards. means are wanting, recourse muft be had The filver refined by this method w»)l be to their private propei ties.* '—Now if eve of a perfeft white colour, but harfti. can poflrbiy fappofc, Chat a BritUh oovtt This fault however it to be remedied by of admiralty have unfitly, and contrary only melting again in an open crucible, to the law of nations, condemned all the fprinkling a little more nitre over it. £ goods and merchandise of hit Pruflian Thus it becomes tough snd mellow, at imjefty's fubjedtt, as complained of, then well at white. If this be judicioufly the reafont of hit P ruffian majefty do fo done, all the tinge of 'the lead it burnt far fcem to be right $ for it it both juf- off, and will be found at the top in a ticc, and the common method of pro- bluifti glofly droft. cording of all powcrt, to make reprrfals I mall clofe this paper with one method on the fubjefh of each other, whenever more, which I hive found to produce a the fubje&a of one are injured by thole of filver fo per fed ly pure, that no defect can p another : And therefore, if the failures be charged u)>on it $ and by which the complained of were illegal, there it no metal, from whatsoever ore, will be die doubt but hit Pruifian m jefty has a right fame. Si.ver, after it hat been refined in to make reprifalt. But then, what his the common way, it to be d flblved in Pruflian majefty atferts, that he may make aqua fortit : Some common fal ammoniack fuch reprtfale, by flopping the payment it to be melted in water, and thia muft be of the I an on Sileha, without breaking poured on the dilution. The aqua tor- the treaties of Brtfiau and Drefden, is not tie on this lofes itt power, and the filver only contrary to common fenfe, but rs falls to the bottom in form of powder. G even, by hit own arguments, fully con- This powder is to be boi!cd in water fe- luted. veral times ; then dried and put into a Hts majefty fays, ** It it difficult to crucible; half its weight of powdered comprehend the meaning of the EngUfh filt of tartir it to be puc over it : At loon mmftry, when they pretend, that Eon- aa the whole it well melted, the procefs land w*rl think bctftlf dnangaged trona the Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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i753- Observations m the Pruflian Memorial* 73 , the guaranty of Silefia, the moment that of Grotius to his own ufe, hut would bis Pruffian majefty Hops the payment of refufe the fame benefit to Great- Britain 5 the funds guarantied to the fubjects of he would not have the treaties of Breflau England, by the treaties of Breflau and and Drefden broke by any new offence, Drefden, in confederation of which alone as to the guaranty of Silefia ; but at the guaranty of Silefia was granted. This the fame time would, contrary to Gro- would be again to lofe fight of the Jaw of tius, break thofe treaties, on account nations : For neither the preceding peace, a of a new offence, by flopping the loan nor the motive upon which that peace of Silefia. Betides, the new offence com- was concluded, are here concerned ; but plained of, by his Pruffian majefty, has the matter in queftion is a new offence, no manner of relation to thofe treaties ; committed flnce the conclufion of the and therefore, according to Grotius, they peace, by Englirti fubjeds againft thofe of ought not to be broke by him on that Prof&a ; and it is this new injury that led account -: But the new offence com- the king to make ufe of reprisals, in order plained of by the Briti/h nation, is the to obtain fatisfa&ion. It was not till oreaking of thofe very treaties in that ma- after the treaty of Breflau in 1742, and B terial point, which was the fole caufe of that of Drefden in 1745, that ^ Englifh fuch guaranty ; and which therefore does fobjeds committed the outrages complain- abfolutely annul the fame. His Pruffian ed of. The point in queftion therefore is majefty canm t, with the leaft colour of anew offence, which did notarife from the reafon, at once avail himfelf of this rule preceding war, nor has any connexion of Grotius, and deny the fame to Great- with it 5 and therefore demands a new Britain ; nor expect that the guaranty of reparation. To obtain this reparation, Silefia by this nation fhould fubfift, after the king, authorized by the law of nati- Q thofe terms, which cauftd fuch guaranty, oos, has recourfe to the money of the Eng- have been by him broke.— But what Itfh in his hands. — But this doth not in- Briton can read, without refentment, validate the preceding treaties of peace j the following menace of his Pruflian ma- for, by the laws of nations, the repara- jefty ! " But if, contrary to all reafon, tion of a new offence may be ofed for it fhould be faid, that this attachment, without interruption of a peace. — " It is a makes void the guaranty promifed in the queftion (fays the illuftrious Grotius) that treaties of Breflau and Drefden, fliil tht occurs every day, and is often debated, guaranty, ftipulated by the 2 2d article when may a peace be looked upon asD of the treaty of Aix la Chapelle, will re- broken ? For it is one thing to furnifh a main in full force 5 and, at all events, new fabjed for war by a new offence, and the Pruflian king will be equally dif- another thing to break a peace. If it engaged from his guaranty of the crown happens, that after a peace concluded, of England to the houfe of Hanover, and one of the contracting parties commits of the eleel oral dominions of that family." violence upon the fubjects of the other, —By this weak menace, his Pruflian and confequently offends that other afrcfli, majefty fecms to be ignorant, that the the peace does not therefore ceafe to fub- g guaranty of the crown of Great-Britain, fift; hut the parry offended may, without by any foreign power, rather weakens vio!aring the peace ffaha pace) recom- than fupports the right of the wearer 5 mence war on this new ground/* The only true guaranty of the crown of If then, according to his Pruflian ma- Great-Britain to the king of it, U the jetty's citation from Grotius, any new affection of his people j of which no offence between nations, committed after monarch ever pofleired a greater degree a treaty of peace, tho* it may furnifh « than his prefent majefty. fab/eel for a frelh war, yet mould not Upon the whole ; if the feizures cora» be any reafon for breaking the articles plained of by his Pruflian majefty were of fuch a prior treaty ; why does his indeed illegal, and contrary to the law of Pruflian imjefty break the treaties of nations, it would be but juftice to make Breflau and Drefden, by flopping the fufficient leparation } but if they were payment of the Silefia loan, on account juftly condemned (as is indeed moft rea- of a new offence, committed after the fonable to fuppofe) and yet his Piuffian conclufion of thofe treaties ? For even majefty fhould ft ill perfift in flopping the foppoflng the Pruffians were really in-Q payment of the loan, there feems to be jured, ai complained of 5 yet, according no way fo juft or natural, as to apply to to Grotius, his Pruflian majefty, tho* he the Emprefs-queen for the payment of might commence a frefh war upon it, the remainder, who will thereupon have ought not to violate the terms of the a juft right to re-enter and re-poflefs Si- former treaties. His Pruflian majefty lefts* Items defirovs of applying thit maxim Bax tannic us. February, 1753. K Tkr* Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1 74 Abftraft of Mr, Field tngV Proposal^ Feb. the labourers and prifoners with the ne» There having lately betn fubfiftcd, A Pro- ceiTaries of life. pofal for making an et^a^l Provifion 7, That the faid 18 houfes (hall be for the Poor, for sounding their Mo-> leafed to proper peifons, by the governor rals, and rendc ing them ufeful Mem- for tne time being, for the term of 7 bers of Society, by Hinr y Fielding, years, fubjtct to a condition of forfeiture Efq\ xve frail give our Read n feme Account amj fe -entry on the breach of certain rules, of it, with an Atfrail of tbt Propofal it- . an(j ftatutes of the faid heufe. felf. 8. That the lodging looms of the coun- O this pamphlet it added a plan ty-houfe fiiall be furnimed wi.h beds, — . cf 'he buildings propofed. It is allowing one bed to two perfons ; one, dedicated to the Rt. Hon. Henry Pelham, large joint ftool, and two fmall ones, for chance. 1. r of his majefty's exchequer : t each bed. Ard that the working-rooms In the introduction is (hewn the nccef- »> of the faid houfe (hall be provided with i&ty of fome fuch fcheme, from the prefent D all kinds of implements and tools for iniferable condition of the poor, the little carrying pn fuch manufactures, as (hail care that is taken of them, and the bur- from time to time be introduced into the then they are upon the publick : And at faid houfe. the end are printed the arguments in fup- 9. That the lodging rooms of the coun* port of his propofals for a county work- ty-houfe of correction (hall be farnUbed houfe, &c. which propofals are in fub- with a coverlet and blankets, for the pri- ^tance as follows. foners, and matting to lie on ; and the 1. That there (hall be creeled, for the C woiking-iooms (liail be provided with im- county of Middlefex *, at fome con- plenums for beating hemp, chopping rags, venient place within the faid county, a and for other of the hardeft and vilcft ia- large building, confifting of three feveral bour. courts. The two outermoft of the faid 10. That A, B, &c. (hall be commif- courts to be called the county-houfe, and , 2. Of lodging-rooms for the labourers. pence of the forefaid' building, and pro- 3. Of working- rooms for the fame. 4. vide the fame with all neceflary furniture, Of an infirmary. 5. Of a chapel. 6. Of as well as to provide implements and mi- feveral large ftore- rooms, with cellarage. teiials for fetting the poor to work, and 5. That the faid county-houfe of cor- (or other expenses during the nrft year, rection (hall confift, j. Of lodgings for a Aim not exceeding the officers. 2. Of lodging-rooms for the _, (hall be immediately raifed. prifoners. 3. Of working-rooms for the ** 12. That the following officers fnaU fame. 4. Of an infirmary. 5. Of a be appointed for the government and rafting -room. 6. Of feveral cells or dun- cafe of the faid houfes ; and tbefe of- geons. 7. Of a large room with iron ficcrs (hall be allowed the following faia- grates, which (hall be contiguous to and ri?s -f- : look into the end of the chapel. County-houfe : One governor, two 6. There (hall be like wife built one clerks. Two deputies, one clerk each. . houfe for the governor, one for the deputy- Treafurer, receiver, three clerks. Store* governors, one fer the chaplains, one for G keeper, three slerks. Two chaplains, the treafurer, and one other for the re- $ix keepers. Six affiftants. One fuper* ceiver- general of the faid houfe. There intendent to every room. Four watch- fhall be likewife built on each fide of the men. C'erk. Sexton, faid county-houfe, 9 houfes for providing Houfe of couecti n : One keeper. Three • It i$ propofed to make the trial firfi in this County, and if tbt pU* Jbottld 64 approved bj experience, it will be eajy, be fays, to pstend it over the kingdom. f BUnh art Iff for tbt filarics. Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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,753- AbftraA of Mr. Fj eldihg'j Proposal. 75 Th:ee under- keepers. Six affiftants. Sc- Parifh of Permit A. B. the bearer here- perintendent to every room. Two watch- Middlesex, of*, to pafs to the town or* men. Shaftefbury in the county of Infirmary : Surgeon. Apothecary. Dorfa, and there to remain Matron. Nurfei. doling the time limited in this 13. That the governor (hall fue and be paf>, he behaving himfclf or- fued by the name of the governor of the derly and according to law. county-houfe of Middlefex. And that a Given under my hand this befides all other power* to be given htm, iothof Nov. 1752. he (hall have power, as governor of the C. D. minifter of the faid (aid houfe, to make contracts with all parim. perfons whatever, and to draw on the This pafs to continue in force one treafurer for any fums of money fo con- month from the date hereof inclufive, traded for, in payment for any imple- and no longer. ments or materials of any kind of ma- 19. That it (hall be lawful for any gen- nufadure, trade, or myflery. He (hall tleman, farmer, ariificer, or tradefman, like wife have full power to exercife and B to employ any journeyman, feivant, or carry on, in either of the faid houfes, any labourer, of any other pari Hi or county fach manufacture, trade, or myflery, as be fides hi* own, he having fir ft obtained may be lawfully txercifed and carried on from fuch magiftrate, minirter, or church- within this kingdom ; and may once eve- warden as aforesaid, fuch pafs as aforefaid, ry month hold a grand market at the which the faid magistrate, &c. are hereby county-houfe, or in fome convenient required to grant, at the dtfire of fuch place near adjoining thereto, for the dif- gentleman, farmer, Sec. Such pafs to be pofal of fuch wares and manufactures as /» appointed to continue in force for fo (hall be wrought by the labourers in the long time- as fuch gentleman, tec. (hall (aid houfes. require. 14. That when any perfon (hall be 20. And whereas many able and induf- bro ught before a juftice for the county of trious perfons, who are willing to get a Middlefex, and (hall be convicted before livelihood by honed labour, are often, frr him, on the oath of one credible witnefs, want of fuch labour, reduced to great dif- of any offence by which he is made a trefs, and forced againfl their will to be- diforderly perfon, or a rogue and vaga- come chargeable to the parifhes to which bond, by a certain act pa fled in the 17th Dthey belong: That when any poorperfort of his prefent majefty, called the vagrant fhall apply to the minifter, or church- act ; or (hall be fo convicted of any other warden of any parim, and (hew to either crime, for which he is liable to be com- of them fuch their inability to procure a initted to the houfe of correction for any livelihood in their own parifh, or in any fixed time, or at the difcretion of one or other parifh in that neighbourhood, the more ju dices, by any law now in being, faid minifter or churchwarden (hall de- it (hall be lawful for the faid juflice to liver to fuch poor perfon a Certificate in commit fuch perfon to the county-houfe, p the words following : or the county houfe of correction, at his To the governor of the court- difcretion. ty-houfe of the faid county. In the 15th, 1 6th and 17th paragraphs, Parifh of I recommend to your care C. the fame is propofed with regard to per- Middlefex. D. the bearer hereof, to be fons appointed to be committed to the provided for in your coun- county-goal by way of punishment for ty-houfe, he being an honeft, their offences ; perfons accufed on oath induftrious perfon, but in- of fmall thefts 5 and idle perfons wander- capable, at prefent', of pro- ing about without a pafs. F curing work in this neigh- 18. And whereas it may often hap- bourhood. pen, that poor perfons have lawful occa- Given under my hand this 10th Nov. fions to travel above fix miles from home, 1752> and into a foreign county, on errands of A. B. churchwarden of the bfefinefs for themfelves or others, or to faid pari/h. # procure work, or fomctimes to vifit their The lift and aid paragraphs relate to near rclati* ns, who live at a diftance from the penalties to be inflicted on perfons them ;— That any magiftrate ef thecoun- ^ who counterfeit pafles, or do not return ty or place, or minifter, or churchwarden ^* at the expiration of their pafles. of the parifh, being applied to, and pro- The 13d and 24th fpecify the manner perly informed of the truth of fuch law- cf admiflion of thofe who come volunta- tis occafion, (hall deliver to fuch perfons rily to the county-houfe, and how they a pafs in the following wprds, mutatit aXe to be detained and dn'charged, Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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?6 Alrftraft of Mr. Field i hgV Proposal. Feb. 25. That every perfon who (hall be (hall take an account of any neglect of brought by mittimus to the county houfe, work, or other mifbehaviour 5 the keep- (hall be examined, entered, and fet to ers of the county-houfe (hall likewife take work j a badge with thefe words, county- account of any extraordinary diligence in boufe, in large letters, (hall likewife be any of the faid labourers, and (hall faith- fewed on {he left (boulder of the faid per- fully report the fame twice in every week,. fon j and whoever (hall tear, off% or other- to the governor or his deputy. wife deftroy the faid badge, (hall be com- d 31. That as often as may be, the la- mitted to the county-houfe of cor reel ion, bourers in the county-houfe (hall be per- there to remain till difcharged by due courfe mitted torefrem themfelves in the inclo- of law. fed ground, contiguous to the faid houfe, 26. That when any perfon (hall be in the prefence of two at lead of the brought to the county-houfe of cor recti- keepers and under-keepers, particularly on, by a mittimus to the faid houfe, he on Sundays and on every Thurfday in the (hall be immediately confined within the year, when two hours labour in the af- fafting-room, there to remain with no ternoon (hall be remitted for that purpofe j other maintenance than bread and water B the fame liberty (hall be granted to any during the fpace of 24 hours ; after which of the prifoners in the houfe of correcti- he mall be put to hard labour with the on, provided that the furgeon or a pot he - other prifoners, unlefs he (hall give any cary (hall certify, that fuch re frt foment is mafks, by his words or behaviour, of necefiary for their health, who (hall on any outrageous degree of reprobacy 5 in all fuch occafions be fufficiently guarded, which caffe the keeper of the fa[d county- and none of the labourers to be piefent at houfe of correction (hall inform the go- the fame time j provided that Chriftmas- vernor or his deputy thereof, who (hall q day, and the 3 fubfequent days, Twelfth- convene the party before him, and may day, Arti-Wednefday, Good-Friday, Mon- at his difcretion remand the faid perfon to day in Eafter-week, Monday in Whit fun - the aforefaid fafting-room, or may confine week, Michaelmas. day, gunpowder-trea- him alone in a cell, to be fupported with fon-day, and his majefty's bfrth-.day, (hall bresd and water only, till fuch time as he be holydays in the county-houfe, and the (hall behave in a more orderly manner j labourers may recreate themfelves on thofe or, in default thereof, till the next fefli- days j which (hall likewife be days of reft ons. in the county-houfe of correction. 27. That the beH of the county-houfe D 32. That no perfon (hall be removed (hall be rung every morning at four from either of the faid houfes, to the in- througheut the year, and prayer* (hall firmary, unlefs by an ordrr figned by the begin in the chapel precifely at five j at governor or his deputy, to be obtained the conclufion of which, on every Wed* by the certificate of the furgeon or apo- nefday and Friday, fome fiiort lecture, or thecary, that fuch perfon is in a fick and exhortation of morality (hall be read to languifhing condition. the people* 33. And as often as any of the labour- 28. That the hours of work in the n ers or prifoners (hall happen to die, the • county houfe of correction (hall be every governor (hall take order for their burial ' day from fix in the morning to feven in in the cheapeft manner confident with the evening, allowing half an hour for decency, in the burying- ground belonging breakfaft, and an hour for dinner 5 and to the faid houfe ; unlefs any of the rela- in the ccunty-houfe the faid hours of tiens of the deceafed (hall be defirous of work (hall be daily from fix in the morn- removing the body to be buried elfewhere ing till nine, from ten to one, and from at their own expence. two till fix in the evening ; that prayers 34. That as often as any perfon (hall lhall again be read in the chapel every F be committed or admitted to the county- evening at feven. houfe, the receiver (hall immediately ad- 29. That the bell of the county-houfe vance to him or her, if defired, 2s. and (hall be rung every evening at 'nine, that fo weekly the fame fum, until the fi'ft ail fires and lights (hall be then put out, fale of the manufacture wrought by fuch except in the infirmary and in the apart- perfon. Thefe advancements to be after- ments of the officers ; and all the gates wards deducted by the receiver, after the and deors of both houfes, except as afore- rate of 4d in the (hilling, out of ihe mo- faid, (hall then be (hut and fattened, theQ nies due to the faid labourer from the fale keys delivered to the governor or deputy, of his manufacture, till the whole (hall be and the watch (hall be fet. repaid. 30. That the keepers or under- keepers 35. That to all perfons committed to of both houfes, (hall by turns conitantly the county-houfe of correaion, at their attend and fupervife the labourers, and commitment thither, (hall be advanced ;

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1253* Abftraft of Mr. Field i tfcV Proposal. 7? by the faid receiver is. and fo weekly dur- 53. That on every Monday and Thurf- iug their continuance there. day in the forenoon, the governor or his 36. That from all thofe who are com- deputy (hall hold a court within the faid mined to the coanty-houfe, the fum of county- houfe , in which the faid governor *d. in every mJHing (hall be deduced out or his deputy (hall hear and determine ef the nett profits arifing from their la- any of the following offences, viz. 1. hour ; but from thofe who voluntarily Quarrels amongft the labourers 5 2. come thither, no more than id. in every * Profane fwearing or curfine, Sec. 3. milling. Drunkennefs ; 4. Abfence from chapel, 37. That immediately after every fale or irreverent behaviour there 5 5. Ab- the receiver mall make up the accounts fence from work, idlenefs at ir, or negli- thereof with the governor or deputy j af- gently fpoiling the fame j 6. Obftinate ter which the receiver (hall presently dif- • difobedience to any of the rules of the tribute to the feveral labourers in the houfe. All which are heieby declared county-houfe, all fuch fums as (hall by to be offences againrt the true intent of bim be received for their feveral manufae- this ad, and to be punishable by the faid tares, having firft made the deductions B governor or deputy. They are alfo to before appointed. enquire concerning feveral other matters, 38. Tliat the receiver and ftore-keeper to be reported to the next feffions. (hali keep an exact account of alt imple- 54. That on one of the days on every mem*, materials, Sec. from time to time fe (lions to be hplden at Hicks* s-hal), the brought to the faid houfe, of thofe which faid fefiions (hall be adjourned to the arc delivered to the labourers, and thofe county-houfe, there to be holdcn within 'Which remam in the hands of the faid five days next after fuch adjournment $ ftore-keeper, Sec. q at which feflions at the county-houfe the 39. That all fuch accounts (hall be ex- juftices (hall have power to enquire of amined by the governor, and (hall be af- all neglects, corruptions, or other mif- terwards laid before every quarter- fefBon 5 demeanors, in any of the officers of the to which faid fef&ons the treafurer (hall faid houfes, and to puntth the fame, likewHe tnurfmit an account of the mo- (unlefs in the governor, or deputies, nies then in his hands j and if there (hall or chaplains of the faid houfe,) by reproof, appear to be lets than 1000I. remaining fine, or difmiflion. They (hall alfo en- with the treafurer, the deficiency (ha/ 1 be quire into the genera) conduct of the made up by a county-rate. And if any D faid houfe, and if they (hall find any confiderable exeefs of the faid capital default in the governor, deputy governors, flock, over and above what (hall be ne- or chaplains of the fame, they (hali re- cefiary for paying the falaries of the ef- port fuch default before their brethren fleers, frc. (hail be in the treafurer* s hands, at the next enfuing feflions at Hicks V rach redundancy (hall then be applied in Hall, where the governor, Sec. (hall have aid of the parochial rates. notice to appear, and make his defence 5 The 40th and 41ft articles concern the and if fuch default (hall feem to the ma- Wring of teachers of manufacture, and p jority of the juftices of the faid feflions the letting out to fetvice any labourers to be well proved, and to be of fuch a confined in the county houfe. nature as to merit any fevere cenfure, By the 42d and 43d paragraphs, con- they may, if they pleafe, report the fpirators endeavouring by force of arms fame to the lord chancellor, who (hall to break en her of the houfes, by which have full cognizance of the matter, and means any officer of the faid houfes (hall - may remove the governor, Sec. from his be killed, maimed or wounded j oV beat- office, or fine him at his pleafure. They ing and wounding any officer, to the (hall alfo enquire of the prices of pro- danger of his life or limb, (hall be guilty F vifions, Sec. of the behaviour of the pri- of felony without benefit of clergy. foners and labourers, and (hall infpeet By the 5 following articles, per ions af- the accounts relating to the houfe, and faulting the governor, Sec. privately con- order rewards to the labourers who have veying fire-arms, Sec. into the houfes, behaved themfelves well, Sec. and abfolurely refufing to work, and of- 55. Wflereas the punifliment of whip- ficers guilty of fraudulent practices, are ping is inflicted in fome cafes in this Jaw, to be transported, and in the mean time which whipping is always intended to bo t to be committed to the county goal. ^And q fevere and exemplary, the governor, or ' the 4 following relate to the punifhment his deputy, is always to be pre fen t at the of leiTer crimes, loch as introducing fpi- indicting the fame, rituous liquors, deftroying goods, mate- 56. That the governor, deputy- go- rials and tools for work, and cfcaping vernors, chaplains, treafurer, receiver, from either of the houfes. keeper of the hou(e o( correction, and ail Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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j 8 Of Gold and Silver Wire-drawing. Feb, all other officers and rainifters attending who have power to improve the artr the fame, (hall be chofe at the feflions at are not called in to do it, are obliged to Hicks'6-Hall, by the majority of the procure thofe engines from them. The judices there prefent, by ballot. exporting them from France is wifely 57. That all fines and forfeitures to made capital ; but as we can draw no be impofed or to accrue by virtue of wire without them, we find means to pro- this aft, not otherwife difpofed of, (hall cure them. be paid to the treafurer of the county- A ^« we have thefe, the difficulty houfe, and be applied to the ufe of the is to jmitate the ufe their inventors make faid houfe. of them. The French foon found that 58. The governor may make by-laws filver, which had fome degree of hardnefs, with the confent of the judices, the fame, was the brighteft : They found this^ ren- te be approved by the lord chancellor. dered it liable to inconveniences in the 59. Perfons tried, &c. ftiall plead this working : and they applied to their fuper- a&, &c» vifors : the objection was plain, and the _ difficulty was eafily removed. They were The INSPECTOR, Feb. 6. " direfted to give the bars the neceflary heat in a particular manner ; and they Of Goto *nd Silver Wiuouwinc, fucceeded : The filver only altered its (See p. 71.) temper as it pafled thro* the hole of tbe> WE will now fuppofe ourfelves pof- engine 2 and recovered it immediately (effed of the filver in the bar, as after. To this is owing the excellency the French have it ; and it is then to be of the filver wire of Lions. With us, delivered to the wire-drawer. That the if an amendment in the quality of the French have excelled us in this art is Q filver be attempted, and. this neceflary certain j and it is not much a wonder ; confequence attend it, the wiie-drawer the men of greated genius in that country throws it down : It will not do : He knows have employed their talents -in its fer- not how to remedy the fault : And there vice : They have examined the works, is an end ef the improvement, and they have inftru&ed the workmen. Thus much as to the filver, for in the In Paris there is a Royal Society : All the wire this is all the difference : The gold men of abilities are of it, and fcarce any wire of Paris does not at the firft look others. The mod considerable of thefe _ fo bright as ours, but it continues what are paid by the fovereign for directing ** it was, and ours in twice wearing in the their talents to ufeful purpofes $ and lace, is inferior. The French ufe pure fil- what he has given in penfions, they have ver, viz. filver without any alloy, for the repaid fn the improvement of his com- bars that are to be gilded j we put into merce. It is to thefe France owes its it a little of the copper, and that is the fuperiority in many articles of the ma- faurce of all the difference, nufaclures ; and in none more than this. It is not that this fmall portion of cop* The chemid alone could improve an art, per mews itfelf thro"1 the gold 1 that were the whole foundatibn of which is in chc- £ idle to' imagine : But it alters the quality miftry. , of the filver. The circumdance is this s One of the academicians invented the Gold laid upon filver in ever fo (mall a metal, of which they were to make their quantity in the bar, will cover it equally engines : Another difcovered the true when drawn into the fined wire : But temper and condition of filver, for (hewing the purer the filver is, the more clofely of gold on its furface j and a third pro- it will cover it ; the evener the fur face of portioned even the degree of heat, neref- that metal, the more fraooth it will lie fary to be employed in the working, p upon it t And on this fmoothnef* depends There, every the minuted branch of r in a great meafure the glofs and ludre. the work was under the infpettion of Pure filver is, next to gold, the mod fuch as had talents, and could not only even on its furface of all metals j but difcover a fault, but fee and remedy the the addition of copper renders it unequal : occafion of it : With us, all is in the Ever fo fmall a portion of that mixture bands of ignorant perfons, who go on will have this effecl in fome degree j and mechanically j and having no knowledge every degree of it will be perceived in of the principles of their bufinefs, can this nice manufacture ; the French made never alter any thing that is amifs. G*nany experiments of filver,' with diffe- The matter of which thofe plates are rent degrees of alloy, to know with fuc- made, with holes that fhape the wire, ceeded bed in the wire for gilding. Thofe is a mixt metal. The compofition is perfons of judgment and knowledge I kept a fecret in the country where it have already named, were at their head 1 was invented j and vre, with whom thofe They were ready not only to propofe the bed Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1753- ^r- Stukelt, of the Caufes of Earthquakes. 79 beft methods, but to remedy inconveni- we lofe fight of the theological purpofe ences, It was di (cover* d that pure filver of thefe amazing alarms, whilft we Jhewed the gold to mod advanuge j but endeavour to find out the philofophy of the wire-drawers found the gold funk in- them. to it in the working. The objeaioo Permit me, then, to throw in my was no fuoner made than the remedy was thoughts on the caufe of Earthquakes, discovered. Some degree of heat is to * did not enter into the common notion be given to all the bars in drawing them £ of druggies between fubterraneous winds, into wire, and thefe required leaft. Here or fires, vapours, or waters, that heaved was all the my ft cry : The workmen were UP the ground, like animal convulfions j fct right, and they have continued fo : but ' always thought it was an electrical And to this is owing the fuperiority of fhock. the gold lace of Paris to that of London. When we reflect on the unufual winter The very means by which this is effe£ed «ow paft, beyond what occurs to any there, have been tried here 5 and the ob- o^'* memory, that has been dry and jedion has been found, but it was never warm to an extraordinary degree, the remedied. Bars of pure filver gilded, » wind generally S. and S. W. and that were feen to preferve and /hew the gold without rain, we may, with much reafon vaiUy better than thofe which had any de- imagine, that the earth has been in a gree of alloy j but the wire-drawer found &• He gave his •bjeaion, and the at- ""** tempt was no more heard of. And that lt has been fo, we may fur- There are ways of decompofing all t,,cr conclude from the extraordinary mixed metals 5 there will be no difficulty Q forwardness of vegetation, from the fre- in finding what is the compofition of the qu*ncy of the northern lights, and efpe- Frcnch wire- plates $ and they may be cia,,v o{ tnat called Aurora auftralis, made here. As to filver wire of Li- which are with us ir frequent, and twice ens, all that is wanting to our equalling it, repeated, juft before the earthquakes, is the drawing a proper filver : filver ob- (DeIng of fuch colours as we had never tamed from the Potofi ores, or refined fccn bef°re) and removed foiithward, with nitre, or by diOblution, and hardea- 9ulte contrary to thofe common with us. ed properly by the alloy. To equal the n Add to lhis> that fomc foreigners {old of Paris, there needs only to ufe U among us from Italy, and thofe parts, pure filver for the wire, and to lay on a whcre earthquakes are frequent, ob- proper quantity of gold. All that re- fervinS thefe lights, and the particular mains is with the workman ; he rauft be temper of the air, did aaually forefee taught to apply his fire in a proper man- the cvcm ot an# earthquake. All thefe ner to the filver, and to ufe a fmaller matters coneur, in (hewing, that the degree of it tjian ordinary is xtone to the eart? was ,,n a ftate of elearicity, be- hold, yond.what has ever been in our memory. £ Admitting this, there is nothing want- K* 497,^/^PhilofophicalTranfaaions, in*» to produce the wonderful effta of lately publijbed, n in a Manner wholly taken an earthquake, but the touch of any np with Lettm and Papers concerning the no"*e.1Ic«r,c^ °ody 5 and that muft ne- twoSbcch of an Earthquake felt at London cciTanly be had ob extra, from the region en Feb. S, and March 8, 1749-50 •, of £* a,r» °/ atmofphere. and fibers that happened in England the We had lately a very pretty difcourfe Janu Tear, We frail only infert here an !*** hJr*> from Mr- Fwnklyn of Phi- Abfiaa of the Utter of the Rev. W. r> »adwph»a» concerning thundergufts, lights, Sfukely, M. D. and F. R. 5. on tbt * ?nd l,lkc «««>«. He well folves them Caufts of Earthquakes. It is dated, March J* tne t0.ucn of c,ouds» raif«d from the 15 1740 ?o. ' (w°lcn arc non-elearicks) and of *' " clouds raifed irom exhalations of the N the works of Nature and Providence land (which are eleanfied) : Tha; little there are no degrees of great and little ; fnap, which we hear, in our elcarical nevertheless we ourfelves are more arTe^ed experiments, when produced by a thou- with what feems great, in our own ap- fand miles compafs of clouds, and that prchenfions j but an Omnipotent Power, Q re-echoed from cloud to cloud, the ex- admits of no diftjnaions j and whilft pro- tent of the firmament, makes fhat thun- digious effeas are produced from caufes de* which arTrightens us. Imperceptible, it rightly claims ourferious From the fame principle i infer, that, attention, as well as wonder j nor need if a non-clearick cloud difcharges its con- tents • Set Lond. Mag. fir 1750, p. 91, 138^ 1

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8o The Life of Bijbop BURNET. Feb, tents upon any part of the earth, when * An Abftract of the Lit* of Bijbsp in a high-elearificd ftate, an earthquake BURNET, by Sir T H O M A S mutt neceffarily enfue. As a fhock of BURNET, Knt. hue one of the >jWi the eltctrick tube m the human body, fo *f the Court of Common -Pleas. (Sow , the (hock of many miles compafs of folid the Hiad evnoufy ewgraved.J earth, muft needs be an eaithquake ; and T-\R. Gilbert Rurnet was bom at Edin- thefnap, from the contact, be the hor- yj burgh, Sept. 18, 1643. His father rible uncouth noifr thereof. ^ was tht younger brother of a family," ve- Thereafon is obvious, why earthquakes ry considerable for irs antiquity as well are not fo frequent with us, and the a8 jnteteft in -he mire of Aberdeen j and northern regions in general, as in Italy, ^jg mother was fitter to the frmam Sir and more fouthrtn c'imes : AH elearicity Archibald Johnftoun, called lord Warrif- requires great dryntf* and warmth ; and" tout). The. doctor's father having bee* I djubt not bur earthquakes, of a fmall t,re(j t0 t\ie jaWj wag caifeo» to the bar decree, have and do frequently happen. in Scotland j but was obliged to give over All that we have faid upon the fubjeft plaice, nnd even for fome time to live receive, great ftrcngth from this par- jn exile, for not complying with the go- ricutar, that water ftrengthens and con- pvernjr5 powers during the ufurpation, vcys the force of electricity. From whence tho» he might kave harf any encourage- we may account for that obfervation, ment by means of his brother- in law, the that the moti dreadful effect cf earth- faid Sir Archibald, who was a chief leader quake* are always felt in maritime towns ; among the -'Prefbytetians j therefore, up- as Port Royal in Jamaica, Lima in Peru, , on therefto.ation he was made a lord of Medina in Sicily, 6cc. And here, we fc(rmn but died in 1661. nnd plainly, that the fhock went alcng His fen Gilbert was fo early a proficient the river, both upwards and downward*, jn i^mrg, that at ten jears old he wae farther than by land ; like the bottle of C mai\f.T cf thc Latin, and was fent to the water held In the hand, in electrical ex- college of Aberdeen, where he commen- periments. eed rnafter of arts at 14, and then applied . But from hence it is highly worthy of himfelf to the law, with a defign to be remark, that the finger of Providence ia Ca)|cd ^ ^t Dar } but after ftudying Che ttotorioufly difcerniWe herein j civil and feudal law for a twelvemonth, f „. he altered his defign, and refolved to «« • jTT" lJzj —v a:.***. .a, A._ dedicate himfelf to the church j where- moguHktbe tbmukr, and Are*, tbefiorm. ^ ^ ^ ^^ ^ ftudy dW||8t^ ;nd ^ For, tho* the coafts of the fea are moft <bch fuccefs, that before he was 18, he liable to this mighty Shock, which we was admitted a probationer or expeaant- cail an earthquake ; yet the chaftening preacher, after a trial as to his parts and rod is directed to towns and cities, whe.e learning, which was ufually at that time ire inhabitants, the objects of its moni- very fevere in Scotland, tion ; not to bare cliffs, and an unin- Soon after Mr. Burnet s being thut habiced beach. And there cannot be a admitted a preacher, his ceufinrgerman, wore direct proef, that earthquakes are o Sir Alexander Burnet, gave him a prefen- divine judgments, than this obfervation : & tatlon to a very good benefice j but as he For, in all ancient biftory, earthquakea thought himfelf too young for a cure of art ever found in great cities, A. D. 17, fouls, he abtolutely refuted to accept of no lefc than ia flourishing citiea in Afia it, and continued his ftudy of divinity at Mirier were deftroyed in one night. In Edinburgh, in which he was affifted by A. D. 1456, at Naples, 40,000 people Mr. Nairn, at that tune a famous extern. peiimed by an earthquake. In 1531, in pore preacher, who put him upon %t- ihe city of Lifoon, 1400 hdufes were* tempting the fame method of preaching, thrown down. which he continued to praaifc all the reft We fee and admire the effects of elec- of his life. tiicity, and its rtu.wndous propeitiea In 1663, he made a tour to London for every day : which feems as it were an about fix months, and during 1664, he animating, foul to matter. The ancients made a tour through Holland, Flandert, ' had a notion that the earth was a great and France i in all which places tie made animal, probably from fome obfervationa himfelf acquainted with the moft noted of electiicity ; but certainly, when in G learned men of the time. , In 1665, Sir our days we feel tnefe unufual and ex- Robert Fletcher of Saltoun gave bim a traordinary convulsions of nature, it prefentation to that church, which he is a ltffoo to usK to do our duty toward would not abfolutely accept of, until the that great Being, who, by a drop of water parifhioners had all unanimously joined *n produce effefts fo prcdisious. in requcfting him to do fo j whereupon he

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1753* TheLiFi of &i/bop BtJRNET. 81 fee accepted, and was ordained prieft by In 16? 1, whUft the duke c* Lauderdale the trifliop of Edinburgh. Here he not was in Scotland, m king** ceenminloner only performed cxectly end dtbgentJy all to the parliament, he publUhed his Vro- the duties of the paftoral office, but often dication of the Authority, Conftitutioai by hit charily affirted or relieved loch of and Laws of the Church and State of hs parithioncre as were in any dirtrefr } Scotland, wherein he fo fftrongry main* aad otectvmg that the bimopt then in tamed the caufe of epifcopacy, and the? ScotJeod were very negligent of their da- ^ illegality of refiftance, merely on account ty, be drew up a memorial of their abufes, oi religion, that lie wae again courted to winch brought upon him feme very harm accept of a bifboprtck, with the promife treatment. However, aa his cere was of the next archbifhoprick that ihoutd •ear Bdinbavgb, he was often fent for become void} but be ftill pernfted aa has and coefahed by the chief men tettuAed refufah with the government of Scotland, aad In 1673, h* wee again obliged to take wat appointed one of the managers for • journey to London, to obtain a licence the church, in the fcheme then on foot, to print his Memoirs of the dukes of for an accommodation between the eptfco- o Hamilton, when he was often fent to* pal and prefbyterien' parties, wtLeh intio- both by the king and the dnke of York, eased htm to the acquaintance of the then and was appointed one of the king's chap* eatcheat of Hamilton, who not only in- lains, which wat the only favour he could viced him to Hamilton, out engaged him be prevailed upon to accept, as he was far to undertake the writing of the memoirs from approving the meaiures purfned by of the dwfcet of Hamilton, from the ma* the court, teriais with which (he farntfh'.d him. After having obtained • licence for Whirl he was at Hamilton, he was, Q publishing his book, he returned to Scot* without h;s knowledge, chofcn profcffor land, end finding that a new breach hail of divinity in the oniverflty of Glaf happened between Lauderdale and Hamil- fow, which with fome difficulty he ae- ton, and that the animomy between tbemu canted, but as he thought it mconfificnt had rifen to a height not to be composed, with his cure at Saicouo, he rengued he retired to hie ftation at Glaigow, and the Utter, and removed to Glafgow refufed to ftir from thence all that winter $ in 1669, "hem be was more than but as the men/ores of the court had efaelry diligent in mftruOing the young proved unfuccefrral in parliament, and an fteeenfi of divinity in that unrvcr. LI Laoderdak threw the whole btarne upon aty. Upon the duke of Uuderdaie'a him, be was obliged once more to return bearing that be was employed to write to court in 1674, in order to vindicate ibe aaomoirt of the dukes of Hamilton, him/elf, where he was not only received he preffed him to come to court, to rev coldly by the king, but ordered to be caive fttch informations as he was able €0 ftrock out of the lift of chaplains. How* rarnim j whereupon he went to London, ever, the dnke of York endeavoured to aad four biihopricks in Scotland, becom- reconcile him with Lauderdale, but the iag vacant wbilft he was at London, he £ latter infilling on fucb terms as be dttfam* was offered hie choice of them, but be ed to comply with, a reconciliation be* thought beafelf too young for fttch a high came impracticable, and therefore bis roy* difnity in the church, and therefore refu- al highnefs was fo bind as to warn him* fed the offer, miking no other ufe of the that if he returned to Scotland he would ronfkham which Lauderdale repofed in be crapped up in prifon, and detained there him, than to negotiate a reconciliation perhaps ae long aa the fame intereft pre* he twain that minifter and the duke of vailed at court j whereupon he found him- . Hamilton, which be effected, and obtain- - felf under a necaffity to rongn Ida profsf* ad for the latter an emgnation upon the * fbrfhip at Glafgow, and to refbrve to fet* revennea of the crown of Scotland, for . tie in England, which he accordingly did* what waa due to him by the crown. Soon alter hia fettling at London, be Soon after hia return to Glafgow he was offered the living of St. Gt*se*e Crip- aasrrjed lady Margaret Kennedy, a daugh- pJegate by the dean and chapter of h€» fear of the earl of Caffik, and an intimate Paul's } but as they had before Hefigned friend of the dutchefs of Htmilton j and it for Dr. Fowler, he thanked them for as mew that tms match was wholly owing the favour, but feidto did not think him* to inrhnatifwi, he dchveied to the lady, Q fell at liberty to take it, as be heard they/ the dey before their marriage, a deed had intruded it for to worthy a divine* whereby he renounced all pretenflon to her Thus he rtmaieed for fome time without fortune, which was very confiderable tbo' any fettlement, but in 1675, Sir Harbor* fee had never afked or defircd any fuch tie Grimftcne, mailer of the Roll*, ap* thing. pointed him preacher at the Relit chapel, Fcbfwnry, 1753, L and Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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82 The Lit* of Bijhop BllRNET. Feb. and perilled in b* appointment, tbo* ex- the opportunity, the conftojuenii of prefsly injoined by the court to revoke ic 5 which was, that he Mt only convinced the and he was foon after chofen le&urer at earl't judgment, at to the genuine trufht St. Oemcnt't, having become one of the of the Chrrftian religion, bet made him a moft followed preaehert in town. fincere penitent, aa appeere from a letter In 1679, he pubufoed the firft volume under hit tod&ip'sowa hand Aift extant, el hit Hiftory of the Reformation, which In i6»e, he war ofiered the mafterftp procured bim the than ki of both bouiet a of the temple, on condttMn of bnbreah- of parliament, with a dedm that he would ing off correspondence with feme of hit profceote hit undertaking and complete old friendt, which he rejected j and aa be that valuable work. And at he was not had before loft the favour of the earl of only become a famout preacher, but had Shaftcfmiry and the exdunonifta by ma e*eac credit among the people of London, moderation, and hie connexion With the king Charke, during the enquiry into the earl of Halifax 5 fo now he chofe te fc- Popiifi plot, often font for and confulted erince all the advantages he might have him upon the ftate of the nation, and of- cxpc&cd from the earl1* great intercft at tered bun the biflwerick of Chtchefter 8 court, rather than to abandon the earl of then vacant, on condition he would en- Bffex, the lord Ruffd, and Sh* Wdttam tSrely come into hit tnterefo 5 to which be Jonet j loon after which the earl of ] anfwered, that he knew the Oatha he wae nnVed him a prefentatton to a Being to take upon foch an occafloo, which he worth 300I. a year, upon condition he would- reiigioufly obferve, but at he did would promifc AUi to rellde m London 5 not know how ear foch a general condi- but aa he thought i^aWeoce abaolutety no- tion might be thought to extend, be could eefary for a cure of font, and at bit acoept of no preferment upon foch a eon- q friendt at London could not part with mm dition. However, hit free acceft to the in the then pofture of aAirt, the living |nng, too' it procured him no preferment, Wat given to another. it engaged him to write a letter to hit ma- Tho' he never would engage In any jefty, vrherem he gave bim hit advice, aa pfott egsJnft the government, yet hit he- well with regard to ftate engirt at to re- titviour at and after the trial end ean- ligiout mattart, in fo incere and free a cotton of the tordRafet* ratfed tbert- fnanoer, ee p*tuu> (hewed he did not ahn etntment of the court fo high agamfr hfm, at preferment, hut at a ftrift difcharge of that he wae foon after difcharged horn Me Mt doty both aa a faithful fobjea and D lefture at St Clenwnt'a, by the Wog't ex- true churchmen* t\nd ytt, fhV he wee ekele mtduate to Dr. fiafeard, redbor of ujne of the keencft advocates tnd .moft .that partih J and in 1W4, by an cxtraor- fecovftful writert againft Popery, he uftd dinary order from lord-keeper Mettn to hie endeavourt to fate the Uvea of the *r ftarbottle Grhnfton, he wae forbid lord Stafford end other Paprfta j and hit aweacfaing any more m the chapel of the temperate conduct in regard to the ex- ftolla. duflon of the duke of York, and the Upon kmg fetnet't eceefrlon, by laheme of e prince regent propofed by w meant of hie mend the then maternal him, in lieu of that of an cxdunon, ve- Halifax, he obtained the kmg*e Jenve to rymuch emuwed efl the sealout cxchifi- go out of the kingdom, andw|nt.toPbrlt, uniftt, where he lived very retired until after the About the fame time an accident fur* defeat of laonmoeUTt rebcttfcm. Re earned him with en opportunity of trak- theh ventured to travel into Italy; ant m lag a convert end uneere penitent of the ttie paflage through Geneva, he icawajfau- famoue and witty earl of Rocheftw, who ted fo ftrongly agaatft forced fobferipYJene had been e moft lewd liver, uod a pro- to attidea of faith, that they altered tJftfr faffed free thinker, rather from want of P church government, fo that their ctVfcy thinking, at moft of foch men are, than were no more obliged to fobftilba tfttii from theakfeg freely: bittho* the doctor belief of any doCtrlne, but only to be fob- had no parochial euro, yet he never refufk Jed to punHhment or centum, In cufcvjf td hit attendance upon any nek perfon writing or v*eachiftg agamft that whM who defired *$ aud ameogft othert be wm eftabtifeed. woe nailed on to vifit a nek lady, who, After a tour through Italy, SertBM" he foon found, had been engaged in a land, and feme parte of Germany, ml w* crhninal ameer with the earl of Rochef. q rived et Utretdht in t6te, and ewe p»- tcr t The manner in which he treated her fcntly Invited by the Dutch mmlftefe to dartag hw ijlnefr, gave that lord a great come and pay hit re*pe*t to the yirfeck curiofity of being aoqoalntcd with him ; end ptmceft of Orange^ wMen^hoe^cottV and hie lordflup't proiftigite oharafter wae ingly did, and not only met with a mtHI to ftr from being with bim a motive to gracious reception, but Wat edontCed m- reject that it made him readily embrace to * Sum Ma$aiine/#r Ufi M*sh, *• jt, Gc

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175 f. ?bt Lifb tf Bifbop BURNET. 83 to their moft fecret eouncilt, and hit ad- and the princeft Sophia, dutcheft, afterwarde vice following in many of their future elettrefs of Hanover, which lafted at lone at (he lived : and at he wat now bimoo I } and at he wat now bimop In a little time after hit arrival at the of Salifbury, and at foch introduced into Hague, he became acquainted with, and the houfe of lorda, when the bill for wae loon after married to Mr*, alary fettling the faccemon of the crown wat Scot a Dutch lady of a large for tone, brought into that houfe, king William sp- eed noble extracliocs being originally £ pointed him to be the perfon, that mould cefceoded from a younger brother of the propofe the naming of the princert Sophia femiry of Boccleugh in Scotland, and re- and her heire, next in (uccerton after the fated to arreral of the nobJeft houfe* in princeft Anne arid her HTue j but thia far- Zealand. In order to thia marriage he ther limitation the parliament would not wae naturalized in Holland, which fur- * agree to until 1 701. aimed the Dutch with good reafon for Aa foon at the firft feflion of parlla. not delivering him up, when required fo mem after the aecenlon of king William la do, by the court of England, upon a arfd queen Mary wat ended, the b be paid to any perfon that fhould give an account of here, but it fa fucfi deftroy him $ but he efcaped all the ena- a one at ought not only to be formed but chinerieeit for thit purpofe, and attended Q pra&Jed by every bimop in England 1 the prince of Orange in hit enterprise up. and tho' he wat always sealoua and Heady an England, where he greatly contributed in hit own principtee, yet he wat ex- to hit focceft. * tremely mild towardt the diflentert, and Upon the eftabli/hment of the revolu- often employed hit whole intercft, which Hon, Dr. Crew, bimop of Dorham, wat very great, both with kin? William thought, that the leail punimment he and queen Miry, in favour of thofe whole could exped, for the part he had a&ed principlet were widely different from hit. In the high commiffion under king Jamea, at appeart by lettert to him from the earl wet the loft of hit bimoprick j therefore, D of Rochefter, Sir John Fenwick, Dr. to fecure a friend, and at the fame time Beach, a nonjuring clergyman, who' kept a rubfiftence 'for himfelf, he propofed to a private meeting, houfe in the very city of reign bit bUhoprick to Dr. Burnet, and Salifbury, and feveral other*, that he would truft to hit generofity for At he beheld with concern the deftitute an aUowance of toool. a veer out of the condition of many poor benefices at- epifcopal revenue during hit the do£tor't tended with a great cure of fouls, he wag late, which propofe! he fent by the lord the firft wh> formed the fcheme for aug- Mountatue to the prince of Orange j but £ menting the maintenance of the poor when the. metiage wat carried to the clergy, which he firft laid before queen doctor, he rejected the propof <1 aa being of Mary, and after her death before king a fimoniacal nature $ and even when the William, but could not get it made ef- tnmoprick of Salifbury became vacant by fe&ual until the fccond of queen Anne, the death of the incumbent, the do&or when an aft of parliament wat palled fof foBeited king William for it, in favour that purpofe. of ma old friend, Dr. Lloyd, then bimop Cttring the lift of queen alary, the at* of St. Afeph, to which the king coldly „ fair* and promotione of the church paf- anfwered, that he had another perfon in * fed wholly through her bandt j but upon) view, and next day in council nominated her death, a commiffion wat granted to the) dodor himfelf for that fee. the two archbimopt, the bimop of Satif- Aa Dr. Burnet had be*n the firft who bury, and three other -prelate*, where- by letter gave notice to the court of Ha- by they,- or any three of them, were ap* eovcr of the defigned enterprife upon Eng- pointed to recommend to all preferment* lend, and at the fame time intiimted, in the church, fignifying the feme to hit that the fuccefs of that enterprife would majefty, under their hands $ and in hie naturally end in an entail of the Britim^ majefty't abfence, to present to all bone- crown upon that iHoftriout houfe *, it° Acer, in the gift of the crown, under brought on s correspondence between htm 140I. e year j which commiffion wat re* L * frtm htnee, it fetmt, that tbt exclufion of king James and bis infant fon wai refihed nm at tbi Hague, btfire tbt printt of Orange mbarUd fw England, andfonu nontbi btfort that • bag *j abdication . Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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84 f^ CHARACTERS, Feb; newed in ijoo, and the biihop of Sa- conveyaWe to the meeneft undertbndsnga lifbury (till continued to bo on*. It would by the untpleft terms, in a pofunon of be tedious to enumerate the mary marks words* Hie vanity and conceit force S>( favour be received from lung WiJun c. him upon an eternal egoti£ro j these ao» and yet there it not one Angle inflance compacted with a ftroog flow of fpi- wherein be folicited a favour tor hunfclf rits, end great natural warmth of nt torient of words, bear down a mast proper miftrefs to bis family t According y, of fupcrior knowledge, whofe moekfty be fbon after married Mrs. Berkeley, a lady q has rendered him unequal to the conteft t of uncommon learning, aa well as piety Notwithftandtng this, Eophrontue hath and virtue, * the power of pte»ang, and frequently The left &V9 or fix yean of his life, ha doth, where he meets with ro c*ntra~ grew more abftraeled from the wor d, and dt&ion, and in company whole inferio* go avoid the dtftradion of ufelefs vifirs, nty induces them to revere him as mm he fettled in St. John's cvurt, Clerkenwell, oracle. It is true, I have feen Euphronine avhete he kept up an tntercourfe only filent, but it has been when he could with his moft leiee* and intimate acquain* not maintain the character he bad attorned tance | and he juA lived to fee that fettle- D in the prefence of a man, whom aa fan ment take place, to which he had (o much knew to be wtfer than himtelf,. fo he knew contributed; for in March, 1714-15, he Hkewife he had boldne is enough to deteft was taken ill of a cold, which turned to a km. •pleuretick fever, and put an end to his hie The reverie of this gentleman ia Casnit- pn the 17th of that month, in the 7 id year Ins, who, tho' young, has nude mankind ©f hia age •• hia ftudy. aod is en admirable judge of human nature ; but an excemve modefty. Thifotttmig frnvoj0- */ Ckar*8**tf «| it it £ that frequent attendant upon true merit* , mt very M9cmm$e, m*y *s igruikkf our prevents his appearing what he really ie» * Jttstbrt. to any but a *ew inr imate acqaaiotance s Dear Eva enio, . He bath not the quiikneb of apprebeaw IF you remember, in a vifit we lately tf°n <* Euphtonius, but he hath abonw made to Etrfebius, when we fell in dantly more judgment $ he has a tho* With tome mixt company, yon was Aruck rough knowledge of enttent and mode** with the very different behaviour of two hiftjry, and a judicious manner of intra, eytntsernen : Being a itrengw to the com* t ducing and applying it. You joftJy ob- petty yourfejf, and finding me very wall * ferved, that his arte was excellent, and acquainted with them, you prefied me to that he was no bad judge of poetical and let you iato their chara£eri, or, to ufe drarrutirk compofiuons j his praifee ware you, own worm, draw eheir piaerea; in always juft, and his cenfures delivered obedience to your oosnmands 1 have under- without often tat too, end wuh a degrna of taken the office. candour, that fpoke a heart overflowing; Euphrouius, the cMtft of the two, with (endernefs and humanity : Camiihae and who. rendered himldf remarkable is indeed poOeiTed of every talent that atntbat time for his loquacity, ia amanQ can render him entertaining and edifying g of (lender education, and pretty extenfive M by an infupcrable modeily iaprevent- InpeTncial reading, by which, joined with od from do*dg either, and is constantly n rwdy elocution, aod uncommon af- filent where Eophronius appears, who turance, he is able to pafs op-m common with favill knowledge, fupported by aa company for a thorough mafter of all unpjrailciod impudence, is conftantJy tri- file aiu and fciences. He fmothers truth, umpbing over him. A • Hi list kurud in tbt church ./ St. Jsma, CUrkawtll. ■

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A Midnicht Thought. A New Song* t$ Tbt Words ij» « L A D Y. figbimj wo«f tt— Cm i Ad— «W' virtue** fcheo), To thofe who right difcern 1 Lot mo ob- i PPff p 5=2r P ferv* oach pain— fal nUt, And each hard lef— fon Warn. '^n> i aT'P P P '-P t- — 1 LW --^fH ~ P"'~ Whet) wintry clouds obfcure the (ky, And heaven* the earrh dcf jrm 5 If fi**d rh: ftrofi* foundations lie, The caflle brave* the ftorm . Thus fix'd on faith** unfailing rock, Lee me efutart awhile. Ms*tortuee*« rude tatpetnou* (hock, AmA glory iamy toil. HI fortune cannot always Isft, Or th)* it fhoo'd remain j Yet t each painful moment hafte, A better world to gain. Where calamity no more (hill wound Nor faitbteft friend* deftroy ; Where innocence and truth are crown'd With never fading joy. Twnuifaen* days, and reftlef* nights The guilty ever knows j A tftranger to the calm delight* Of ftudy and repofe* Keep me from envy, care, and ftrife. Guard me, ye pow*rs divine 5 That pleased, whence demand my life, 1 may that life refign. Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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U Poelual Essays in FEBRUARY, 1753. /New MINUET. Poetical Essays in FEBRUARY, 1753 Prolocwi to the GAMI6TER. ** a Tragedy, a* it it now a£ted at tht Theatre*Rc>y*l in Vurry-hane. Written and Spoken by Mr« Oak rick. LHTE /tf«V La Mancha'i **/£$% tohoi Uumta in baud. Mounted bit feed to free fb* emcbsnted laud, Qur Quixote bard Jets fort b a Momfer-tamtng, 'Arm' dot all points, tofgbt tbat hydra ■ ■ Gaming. Aloft on Pegafut be waves bit pen, . And burls defiance at tbe caitiff* t din. The fir fi «n fancy* d giants fptnt bit rage, But tbit bat mare tban ptrndmil/s to *ngag e, He combat t peffion, rotted in tbe font, Wbofe power t at euee delight ye and contrcol! Whofe magic bondage eatb loft fame tnjoyt, a\or wifint freedom, tbo* tbefpeii defirvfu To Jaw our land from tbit M a g i c i a k'j charms, And re jet maids and matrons from bis arwtt, Our knight poetic citrus— And Ob ! ye fair I Tbit AlatA Enchanter** wicked arts Invar*! His juttle pot fan dims tbe brigbtefl eytt, And at its Uuch, tacb grace' and buuty diet. Liv*, gentlenefs andjyy to rage gives way. , And tbe fafi dave become* a bird tf prey, 4 May this our held adventurer break tbe fjpeU, And drive tbe daemon to bis native bell. Vefiaves of paffion, and ye dupes of cbanctt Wake all your powers Jrcrn tbit defiruQiva trance ! Shake rff tbe fbackhs of tbit tyrant vhe : Hear otber cat ft tban tbofe tf cards and diet .* Bt learned in nobler arts, tban arts of play, And otber debts tbtn tbofe of honour pay. No longer live inftnfibte to jbane, Lefi to your country , families and f asm, Cou*dour romantic k mufe tbit 'work atebiewt9 rVou*d there one bsnefi heart in Britain grieve t Tb* attempt, tbo% wild, wou'd not in vetin bm made, If every bouefi band would lend itt did. .EPILOGUE. Written bfa¥t\tw\wnu And fp«*sn by Mrs. P*ttchakd. ON evry jamtfltr in tb% AraWan matftm0 ' Tis fatd tbat Mahomet dtmunfd damn* . nation j But in return for wicked cards and dice. He gave them blick- ry*d gir/t in Paradife* . Should be tbuspreaeb, good countrymen, tojom, Hit convertt would; I /ear, be mighty few m So mmhyour i ar's are Jet on ford'd gain, Tbe bng bit ft eves an,uud tou jbiuc tn vain. * ' J J SbanU Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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Poetical Essays in FEBRUARY, 1753. 87 Should tbt wufi btm^mty beauty bid yom take An Enquiry after Contentment. otoer t> -Jim**. lain flrwm, 1 frown, V >raw. J You'd rather t*U-~ two aces and a maker, iff yur example our twm /«* drawn \m% h f a* fry ef tut ^*ew mmmat'rmdjtm } /« Aw /o mm year tmtmty, mat your hearts* O I tn mount fweett %t>bat ru+ijbtnr delights , Our beam* mad belie* together fa ft their mtghni By mrammt ptrturbatttmt kept mW*th the thrice beneficed prieft, Who balks in opulence ? Or with his curates, who fohfift On a bare competence i Ait thou the fage phyfician*s guidr» Who takes the enoimo«» fee ? Or join'ft ttion on his patieot*i ode, T* alleviate mifery t Doft thou atund the hero's fword, Support the ribbon's bl*5 exempt Aoro pains and woes ? Upon hsr eheck a pimple rofc j The Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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88 Poetical Essays in FEBRUARY, The blemifh fill'd her foal with grief, From phyfick'e am (he fought relief % In vain their (kill the doctor* try'd. The pimple all then pow'r defy'd. With pining woe (he funk opprefs'd, And peace lorfook her anxious breaiL Thou hideous cruel (cab, (he laid, Thus to deform fo fair a maid ! What, coeld'ft thou find no other place To fllew thy(clfr but in my face ? A face fo blooming, fmooth and bright, The women's, envy men's delight. Alas ! the men will gaze no more j No more they'll praife, no more adore $ No more the women's fpteen will rife j No more they* II view with envious eyes t Men wJI negled and women foom 5 • O mock.ng ! 'tis not to be born. Know, hatetul thing, I'll make thee Or in the glorious conteft die* Wuh tha ihe call'd a furgeon's ajd | The pimple's gone, the plaiftcr laid f But ah ! no art could heal the wound. Aid rankling humours fpread around. More wretched now Ihe loath'd the light, She pin'd by day, nor flept by night { Vexation, 1 hyhek, grief and pain, Soon brough' confumption and her train ) Wrn, never left ber, haplefs prey, Till in he arms of death Ihe lay. Refembltng this wat Delia's fate ; She tancy 'd that the tingle ftate On feimle merit much refleded, *Cau e folks might th.nk, the men negleA* • ed, And Uughing cry, in fpheful prate, Poor girl, (he cannot get a mate. Of death flit fear ce was more afraid, Than that d»re epithet, $td maid. She tain would do like other fork, And, like her neighbours, wear a yoke | For, O ! (he muff expire with fliame, If call'd by fuch an odious name. Thus fancy in her brain haeft wrought, The name, a real ill me thought $ And when a worthless fwain appry'd, Devoid of love, became a brides Herfelf to fancy facrifie'd. iftjid took a mate her foul detpis'd j Scar'd by an idle bugbear name, A real wretch for h e became. Thus oft fome trfting ill to flusn, We into fatal mifchief* run ; And to avoid one woe, tho' ftnall, We intd twenty great ones fall 1 That one, perhaps, fbme trifling ftain Or even merely of the brain, Which only fancy makes a pain. Nay, oft the fear of future ills Our foots with Crcret terror fills $ Dli which may never be our fate $ Ills which wild fancy does create | ■} '753- Which to avoid, like fools we fly. And plunge in certain mirery. *Tis not the real ills of life (Tho* ev'ry ftate with woes Is rife) That pierce us with continual pain, And daily make the world comptatn s Oar own opinions give the rmart, Imagination wounds the heart. Happy the bread where reaibn reigns ! Itt fears are few. and few its pains $ Few iUs, few cares, few griefs it knows, And only (marts for real woes. SYLVIA. TeJfr. LAMBERT. OH, Lambert j tho* untaughM flnf, My mufe demands thine ear s She draws from nature's artless fpring, Unvenal and finccre. Felt I that all that all-creative gtow, Still animating thee ; Then honour might my vetfe bestow | But now you honour me. Tho' faint the ray that prompts my thought, It brightens at thy fire $ And while thy works mine eyes have caught, I warm as I admire, What magick pow'rt what wood'rocj* (kill! Compleats thy fancy's birth ! How juft tby pencil calls at wflJ, The face of nature forth 1 When fol the rammer's mom beftowe , Not lovelier looks the glade 5 Than profpeds which tby caevstf thews, By dint of light and (hade. The rural cot, the fleecy flock, The clouds, the hilts, the lea ; The lawn, the grove, the rill, the rock. Who reprefeots like thee f While at the theatre,— the feat Of fenfe of tafte, and wit i Where After arts in union meet, Th' enraptur'd audience fit $ Applauding all that glads the fight, Or moves to mirth the heart $ The crowded houfe tby toil requitt. And bleis the painter's art *. •« Where rocks o'er rocks their fronts ex- tend," While winter glooms the 0am i While warbling birds in long contend, Or cloud- topt hillsJnrUc. Bach landicape charms e'en envy's frown, Each feem confirms thy fame.— While pubffcK praife (hall merit crown, So long (halHive thy name. For bright'ning promis'd genius moft, Greece, Italy msy mine ; .- Nor envy Britain ! thou can* boW A Lambert and a Pine. BOYCB. T H £ • MmHi ft thtjerm h Mr. RitkU ytt wgrivsTi e»ttrtm*mmt9 the Strttrtr. Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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t H t Monthly Qhronologer. \ H E lord Cadrgan and the other executors of the late Sir Hans Sloafte, Bart, hating derlred the* truftees, who were ap- pointed by Sir Hans to take care and keep to- getber his mufeum, to meet at the ma- norhoufcof CheKej, at ten in the morn- ing on Saturday, Jan. 27, they met there accordingly, above 40. Lord Ctdo^an was there, and received them in the po- liteft manner ; and having caufed the gal- leries, libraries, and an the other apart- ments to be (hewn, they afTemblcd in the peat room, where his lordfhip produced Sir Ham's will, and acquainted the tiuf- tees with the codicil*, which contained Sir Hans*! difpofition for continuing his coSelhon together at Cheifea, and to give a fmall part of the value thereof to his family ; and for that puipofe, to make an offer of the laid mufeum to the king, or parliament of England, for »o,ocol. to be paid to the family : And in cafe the fame was accept- ed and continued at Chclfea, to give the manor- hoofc at Cheifea, with the mufe- um, as it is now difpofed, which would U^9 the cxpence and hazird of removing tke fame, and to be kept open at proper hoars for the accefs of the ft odious and ctrtous. Then Mr. Sloane acquainted the truftees, that the executors being ap- prehenfive of danger, the medals, of which there were great quantities of gold and fih/er, befides a ferics of curious cop- per ones, and the precious ftoncs, fuch as pearls, rubies, emerald*, Ac. and the vafes of gems, &c. had been removed for fafety to the Bank of England, and that two cf the executors had feen rhem all packed up. The earl of Mac- de*fieJd, having been Hefircd by the truf- tees to take the chair, the will ard codi- cl« we read. (See p. 43, 44.) Lieut. Gen. Oglethorpe gave an account of the irtentJtnof Sir Hans, cf the narure and the value cf the mufeum, and produced an abftrad of the articles it contained ; and ecfired that Mr. James Empfon, who had Uken care of the mufeum for many yeauto be afked, which he d.d accord- ingly, and wis anp->in»«d tlie^r fecretiry by the rrvft-efla Sir George Lint 1. on th n moved, a d A»r. Wet fecondtd, tha' a memorial fhou'.d be pre tnttd to his ma- jtfty irla'ing to this nutter 5 and a ccm- F«.bruaiy, 1753. mittee was appointed to draw up the faid memorial, and to lay the fame Ufoie a general meeting of the tiutiees ; of whom the following is a lilt. Rt. Hon. Charles Sloane Cadogan, Efqj Hans Stanley, Efq; William hioane, Efq; Rev. Sloane Elfcmere, D. D. The retfor of Cheifea for the time being. Martin Folkes, Efq; The prefHent of the Roy- al Society tor the time being. Sir Pauf Methuen. James Wtft, E tier f rem Dunkirk. On Dec. a. laft d:td, at the fign of the Burgundy crofs in Furnts, a town bslong- ing to the queen of Hungary, about 1 5 Enghfh mi'es Enft cf this place, Capt. Wi!!iair.*Hi.T.ry C»arftrun. agvd f r.y-flx, (S«e p. 4..) H.s iJIr.e s dH n^t continue abrve 9 d*y*, Iw the laft ^ his pa.rs were Co very grcar, and he was fwillrd > M . Digitized by 000^1^

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9o The MONTHLY CHRONOLOGER. Fe!r. fuch a degree, that it wit thought by the phyfician and apothecary that attended him, that he would have burftr, and by the great agonies he expired in, he was thought to be raving mad. As he had juft before hii death embraced the Reman Catholic* religion, he was buried in great folemnity, the coiporation attending the funeral, and a grand mafs was faid over the corpfe in the cathedral church, which was finely illuminated, and in which he was buried, ^omc liHlc time before he died he made a will, which was fealed up iD the pretence of one Mrs. Rofs (whofe matoVn name was Dunbar, and which name he went by) and two other perfons who were alfo his acquaintance. The will he figned with his own name, and gave all his fortune which was in his bro- ther** hands to bis child, who is now liv- ing at Hexham in Northumberland, with her mother, to whom he had fo vilhinouf- |y denied being married, and Cor which tie often faid, a cur/s had attended him (for injuring the character of fo gocd a wife. When he was afked concerning Mr. Blartdy*s murder, he often reflected On himfelf greatly, yet faid, that Mifs Bland y ought not to have blamed him fo much as me dtd, but the particulars of which he faid mould never be known till his death. He u>ft made his efcape out of England the latter end of laft Fe- bruary to Rologne j but as foon as he was known to be there, was obliged to be kept concealed by Mrs. Rofs, fome relations of his wife's, who were in that country, threatenirg revenge for his bafe ufage to her j fo that Mrs. Rofs and he were oblig- ed at la(t to fly from Bolcgne by night, which was on the 16th of July laft, and lived in Fumes from that time. The for- tune in his brother's hands, which he has left to h.s child, by his will, is I tool, his patrimony, which he formerly received 5 percent, for; but on his being caft be- fore 'he lords of the feition in Scotland, in the caufe concerning the validity of bit marriage, which was confirmed, 50I. out of the 7 >1. was ordered by their lord (h pa to be paid the wife annually for the fup- port of her and the child, which (he re- ceived, and has lived ever fincc with fome of her own relations in Hexham afore- mentioned. It was further faid, that be- fore he died he declared, that he and Mifs llandy were privately married before the death of her mother, which was near two years before Mr. Bandy was poi- foned. (See our Mag. for laft year p. aSo.) The following account of the fuccefs of ventilators, by tie Rrv. Dr. Stephen Hales, was printed in the General- Even- ing poft. This is to inform the publick, that ven- tilators, worked by a windmill, having been fixed in Newgate $ and the branch- ing trunks to a* wards been fin 1 (Tied about 4 months, whereby all the wards have the foul putrid air . drawn out of them in their turns 5 upon making in- quiry of Mr. Akerman the keeper, 1 have the fatiifaAion t find that this ventilation is of great benefit to the hearth and live* of the prifoners : For, by companng the laft 4 months with the like 4 months of the preceding years, it appears, that them died 7 in the 4 months to the end ped, will tor the uture be pi evented by ventila- tion and cleanlinefs. Upon the l.ke inquiry at the Savoy pnfon, where ventilators were fixed near 4 years fince, by order ot the Rt. Hon* Henry Fox. Efq; fecretary at war, I find tbey have enjoyed 10 good health, that in 1749, or" fccorr.cn, but one died, and he of the fmall-pox t ' And in 1750, of 940, which were there 3 monthi, but % died* In 1751 none died j and in 17^1 only one peifon died, who was a great plutton. Whereas, bcf. re the ventilators were put up, there often ditd 50 or too, of the intcdious goal diftemper t And true, notwithftanding they have rot only * pavid <pen area or court ro walk in, which was wafhed thrice in a week in the even- ing, and the waids as often in the morn* ing, in warm weather, ard every 14 or so days in cold damp weather. Yet, be. fore ventilation, the fool air ot the wards, which became putrid by long continuance in a ftagnant ftate, for want of being of. ten changed for frefh air, became mledi- ous and deadly. And what contributes the more to the prefent healthinefs of the place, is, that Mr. Hay ward, the mafler cf the pnfoei, continues win the fame care and zeal to keep it clean : And, the more effectually to cure the wards of ary ine&ion, he bprn% as I have defired h m, every fix weeks, two pourds or brimftbne in tho larger wards, and one pound in the fm*U- er. And Mr. Akerman mforma me. thai* the wardj in Newgale are cleaned every week. Vex*. Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1753- W* MONTHLY CHRONOLOGER. 91 35!. to be paid upon convic* Ventilators were many years fmce put into WincheAer goal, to the gieit comfort and bcntfit of the prifoners j and are lately alfo put into Durham county goal. By capt. Wnght of the Endeavour, from the coaft of Guinea, we had the following account of the lofs of the Marlborough, capt. Codd of Bfift.il, by an infurreftion of the Negroes the beginning of October bft. Capt. Codd having indulged »8 Gold, ceaft Negroes with their liberty on deck to affift in navigating the (h p, they be. baved for fometime in a very tra&-»ble, civil manner. But on the 3d day after he failed from the bar of Bonny, while m)ft of the crew were below cleaning the rooms, and none but the captain and two white men armed with cutlaffes, left above to take care of the (hip, all on a fudien the Negroea on deck fnatched the arms from them, wounded the cap- tain, and forced him op, the fore (broods, where they (hot him dead. The reft of the Negroes fee u ring the quarter deck and fmall-arms, became foon matters of the (hip, and fpent the reft of the d-jy in moft cruelly butchering the crew (who were in number 3;) except the boatfwain and cabin-boy, whom they faved to con- duel the (hip back again j which they did after 8 days, and came to an an- chor w.tbtn the bar of Bonny. About the Came time the Hawk, capt. Jones, et Briftol, arrived at that place, and bearing of the affair, bore down upon her, with an intent to re- take her; but the Negroes were fo expert at the great guns and fmali-arms, that they foon repelled him. After putting the Bite Negroes a- ffcore rhat chofe it, in number 170, the remainder, confiding of 150, weighed anchor, let their fail*, and flood to fea, with intent, as is fuppofed, to go to their own country, tho* the undertaking was extremely hazardous, as they had no one to navigate the (hip, the boat- fwain having jumped overboard the night before they failed, and got to the hawk j and it b fuppefed, that on his efcape, the poor cabin-boy fell a facrifice to their revenge. Some malicious perfon or pcfons hi- ving in the night between J«n. ao, and *i, came upan the grounds of William. Smith, farmer and dairyman in the parim of Bathwicke, in Somerfetftme, and maimed and wounded one of his beft n&k cows, by cutting off her teats and tail, and at d.v^s times before maimed and wounded four other of h»« milk coara in rhe Ike manner : His majefty has been pJeafed " to pronnife his moft gractfou* pardon to any of them except thi pe. fan who a£hul'.y cut off thecoma tea»s and rail*) wiio (hall difover their accomyhces. And as a farther encou- ragement, the earl of Bath peonufed a reward of tion. In the laft will of judge Burnet (who died laft month, p. 43.) is the follow- ing declaration : " I trunk it proper in this foleran ad to declare, that as I have lived, fo I truft I (hall die, in the true faith of Chrift,*as taught in the fcrip* tuies ; but not as taught or pra&ifed in any one vifible church I know of } tho* I think the church of England is as little ftuffed with the inventions of men as any of them j and the church of Rome is fo full of th. m, as to deftroy all that if lovely in the chriftian religion.'* Thursday, Feb. 1. At a general court of the South- Sea company it was refolved, that application be made to parliament, to get the number of directors of that company reduced, at the next election, to 18, exclufive of the three governors 5 and the (avings by fuch reduction to be applied to the benefit of the proprietors. Fsxday, s. At the quarter feiikns of the peace held by adjournment at Guildhall, the petition of the journeymen taylors was taken into confederation, and after (ever a 1 arguments of council in behalf both of the matters and journeymen, the court ordered, that the journeymen's wages (hall be as. 6d. per day from Lady Day to Midfummer, and as. per day the remaining part of the year, and that they (hail work from 6 in the morning till 7 in the evening. Saturday, 3. Sir Richard Adams, knt. and ■■ 1 m Wilfon, Efqj were called to the degree of ferjeanta at law in the court of Com- mon-pleas in Weftminfter-hall, with all the ufual ceremonies. The motto of the rings given to the lord chancellor, judges, tec. on that occafion, was, Imftrf regit nans ocquo, WsDNESDAY, 7. Wat held a general court of the Fret Britifh Herring Fithery, when a petition to parliament was read and agreed to, for improving ard amending the act and charter, whereby the fociety was eftabltth* ed. Then Mr. alderman Bet hell, the pre- sident, acquainted the court, that there had been caught and cured the laft year 9627 barrels, and all difpofed of. His majefty in council aj pointed the following (henffs for 17 '1, viz. for Berks, Humph. A da mi, Eqj Bedf. Fra. Heme, £iq; Buck?, Cha. Woodnoth, Efqj Cumb« Hen. Cur wen, Efq; Che(h J hn Lecchc, Efqj Camb. and Hunt. Sir bam. Clarke, B«rt. C»rnw. Will. Morlhead, Efqj DevonT Sir John Chichefter, b\rt. Djr- fet. Humeri Sturt, Efq; Derb. Ooodere Fletcher, Efq; Elfex, Will. Hurt, Efqj Glouc. Tho. Kemble, E»q; Hertf. Caleb Lomax, Efq; Hcref, Tho, Dunr.e, Efqj M a Kent,

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92 The MONTHLY CHRONOLOGER. Feb. Kent, Sir John Shaw, Bart. Lcic. Will. Hernck, Efqj Line. Cha. Amcotts, Efq; Monm. Wi:l. Jenkins, E'qj Northum. Rob. Fenwidc, Eq; Nonhamp. Arm- ftead Parker, Efq; Ncrf. Hambleton Cuftance, Efqj Notting. Mundy Mufters, Efq; Oxf. Tho. Horde, Eq; Rati. Will. Biuihfield, Efq; Sbrop. Rowland Wing, field, Eqj Somer. John Mac;e, Erq; S*ff. Richard Dakefoid, Efq; Suff. Rob. Sparrow, Efqj Southamp. James Ward, Eqj Surrey, Edw. Langton, Efq; SuiTex, Rob. Randall, Efqj Warw. Ber-j. Pal. roer, Efqj Wore. Tho. Ph-.ll pi, Efq; Wilts, Edw. Polhill, Efqj Yorkf. Sir Ralph Milbank, Bart. For S^u:h- Wales, viz. Biecon, David Williams, Efqj Carm. Will. Thomas, Efqj Cardiff. Lewis Rogeta, Eq; Glam. Tho. Roufe, Efq; Pemb. John Smith, Efq; Radnor, R;ch. Lb)d, Efq; Per North Wft circumftantial relation of the extraordinary havock caufed by this flam, which, for the variety of waye wherein it aeled, is perhaps as considera- ble as were ever remarked before, in any of the moft tremendous thunder ft o inn*. Monday, a6. The ftflions ended at the Old Bailey, when Charles Sicka*npre, for a burglary ; Mory Squires, the gypfey, for retbng Eliz. Canning of a pair cf ftays in the dwelling- hcufe cf Sufannah Wells, at Enfic d W.th ; Edward Mac Mannirp. for fttal.ng wearing apparel, &c. out of a dwelling. houfe ; Jnhn Jetter, tor re- turnna; from tranCxrutbn ; Grace Wee- don ar.d Ifabella Roc, for a ftrect robbery ; and Jt,hn Higgins, for a burglary, received fen fence of death. Mrs. Wells, as an »c- ceiTary to the gyp'ey after the fact, was branded, and ordered (o Le impiifoccd fix mv^chi. Mai. Digitized by VjOOQ iC

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«753- MARRIAGES, DEATHS, &c.' 93 Ma&ktagss and Births, Jan.x8. AUGUSTINE Talbot, Efq; J J\ toMife Montague, aao,oool. fortune. 31. Hon. George Bridges Rodney, Efq; to Miff Jane Compton, niece to the earl of Northampton. Feb. ». Charles Gibfon, Efqj of Ken- fington-Gore, to Mifs Francis Poole, a 30,000!. fortune* 5. Rt. Hon. the lord Abergavenny, to the Hon. Mrs. Henrietta Temple, with a fortune of laool. per son. and 20,000!. in money. 6. Mr. William Marfhal, oilman in Newgate- ftreet, to Mifs Caroline Thom- son, an heirefs. 9. Edward Tyfcn, Efq; of Banfton- lodge in EtTex, to Mifs Shelly. I j. J :ftph Tantum, Efq; of Gallows- green, to Mifs Watkins of Bow, a zc,cool. fortune. Philip Reginald Ryley Taylor, Efq; to Mifs Baylis. 15. Lionet Simpfon, Efq; to lady Kitty Bridges. , 18. Mr. Beoj. White, partner trim Mr. Wbifton, bookfeller, to Mifs Yalden. *». Samuel Norman, Efq; of Henley open Thames, to Mifs BrooMbank, daugh- ter of Stamp. Brookibank,Efq;of Hackney. Tan. a 5. Her grace the dotchefs of Ha- milton , delivered of a daughter. *6. The lady cf Richard Syer, Efq; of a Ion and heir. The lady of William Chetwynd, jun. Efq; of a fon and heir. Feb. 7. The lady of Mundy Mufters, Efq; of a fon ard heir. aj. Countefs of Hillfborough of a fen. a 5. The lady of the late Dr. T*ifden, fatftop of Raphoe, of a daughter. Deaths. Jao. 25. T> E V. Mr. Jofeph Simmons, JX. a difltmoig minifter at Hampftead. Marty n Sandys, Efq; uncle to the lord S«fdys. The late Mr. Alderman Perry, who had Served the office of lord-mayor, and was formerly one of the reprefentatives of the city of Lcn4on, in parliament. Mary countefs dowager of Roxburgh, wh > had been a widow 70 years. Sir Wm. Napier, of Dorfetftiire, Bart. Hdn. Wm. Tempeft Widdrington, Efq; a 5. Lady Anne Boys, at Canterbury, reird of the late Sir WilHam Boys, M. D. 30. Jofeph Smith, Efq; formerly an emi- nent grocer in Cannon ftreet. Feb. 2. Mr. Henry Dodfon, an eminent furgeon. Anthony Kernpe, Efq; aged 85, at S!in- don, inSaffex. John BurridRe, Efq; formerly numb. of pail, for Lyme- Regit, in Dorfctfhuc. 8. Sir Ch. Areflcine, Bart, in Scotland. 13. Robert Tothtll, Efq; in Red Lion ftreet, Clerkenwell, fen or clerk of the privy-feal, and one of his msjefty's juf- tices of the peace for Mtddlefex. 15. Rev. Mr. John Stuart, prebendary of Chichefter, leclurer of St. James's Garltckhithe, and one of the le&urera of St. Antholin's. Capt. Wilfon, an old experienced officer in the army. 16. Dr. Thomas Deacon, an eminent phyfician at Manchester. 17. Rev. Mr. Furney, archdeacon of Surrey. 18. Francis Mitchell of Pall- Mall, Efqj who, during the whole time our troops were abroad, was chief furgeon to our hofpitals. *4. Hon. Mrs. Crawford, fifter to the late earl of Darmouth, ECCLSSIASTICAL pRiriiMINTS. ^TAMES Stonehoofe, L. L. B. prefentenV J by Sir Richard Atkins, Bart, to the reflory of Cla^him, Surrey.— Mr. He- thrington, by the fociety of Eton-college, to the redory of Feroham Royal near Windfor.— Mr. Evans by the bifhop of Ely, to the living of Great- Finborough, in Suffolk. — Mr. Robert Gafcoyne, by lord Sandys, to the re&ory of Everfholt, in Bedfordshire.— Mr. Richard Head, to the rectory of Chively, Berks.— James Stopford, D. D. dean of Kiimacduagh, made bifhop of Cloync, in the room of the late bifhop Beikeley. — Mr. Robert Bathurft, preferred by the bifhop of London, to the Jiv.'ru of Wenniflgton,. in Effex. — Mr. John Cherbury, to the vi- carage of Great. Marlow in Bucks.— John Frankland, M. A. by the archbp. of Can- terbury, to the living of Sundrich, in Kent.— John Denne, M. A. by ditto, to the living of Maidftone, in Rent. • Promotions Civil and Military. HENR Y Charles Sommers, Efq; made a captain in the firft reg. of foot- guards. — Frederick Frankland, Efq; made a commiflioner of the Excife ; and the Hon. William Monfon, Efq; commiiTi- oner of the revenues in Ireland, in his room. — Sir William Lowther, Bart, made lieutenant and cuftos rotulorum of Weft- moreland. — William Herbert, Efq; made colonel of the queen*s reg. of dragoon guards. — Phi ip Thicknefs, Efq; made lieut. gov. of Languard fort. — Mr. baron, now Mr. juftice Clive hid the honour of knighthood conferred on him by his ma- jefty — Edward Williams, Efq; chofen judge of the fheriffs court, in the room of the new recorder. (See p. 91.) [Bankrupt t in o*r ngxt.J Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 1753: g$ IN cortfcqoence of the refolutions of the parliament nf Paris, which we gave in our last, he peers were again fummpie«ms of the kingdom, and to regulate the general polity of the ftate, which is committed to them conformably to thefe. That an eflfcntial branch of this duty it to admin fter fu^reme juftice in his ma- jefty'a name; to maintain the good order, . honour and junfdiclion of his majefty *s interior courts ; and to rep cfent in gene- sal to the k rg all abufei of his name and authority, and eppofe any derogation of them, 9 That, in d fferent centuries, the clergy, in opposition to thefe invarable principles, have difcovtrcd a fpuit of indeperdence } and it is of importance to inform his ma- jefty of their fyft m. That this" fyftcm, which has always been difccuntcnanccd by the futeieign, always oppofed by the parliament, at pre- fent (hews it elf more openly than ever, in, the numberiefs writings and judiciary de- clarations of many ecclefiaft.ck* j and it openly avowed by the archbifhops of Paria and Tours in the anfwers which they have prefumed to make. Tint an anfwer, perhaps lefs repreheo- fible than thefe, in which two ecclefiaftickt difowned the fupremaey of one of his ma- jefty* s prcdecetiors, pretending to be sub- ject only to his majefty 'a person, was ceo- Aired by parliament, who, with hia ap- probation, profecuted the authors. That thofe prelates who aiTume this in- dependence at prefent, cxercife an arbitra- ry power-over the inferior clergy, by com- mands that are irregular both in matter and form, and by other abufes of their autho- rity ; and that the interior clergy, by their blind, fervile, felnfh fubmiflion, help to eftabhfh this authority. That 'his fyft em, and ths conduct have given rife to the fchifm, of which his ma- jefty htmfe'.f his feen the danger, and which will not be healed if the fupenor clergy, who promote it, be not curbed by h.s majefty's courts, and the inferior clergy find a it- teuton there under which they may execute 'he canons of rhe church and rhe laws of 'he flat, notwithstanding any order to the contrary. That the au h rs and fomenrers of fchifm execute the letters PofiormUt Officii, which, the pari amenr even by the king1* orders, have a he an abuf<. Thar, reve thelefs, ihefe ecclefiafticks pretend to be authori ed by d fferert ar- rets of the counci , particularly char of the 13d of Auguft laft : That if thefe arrets were carried into execution, thej would eftablim the very principles of fchifm 1 annul the moft important judg- ments of his majefty *s fupreme courts, and throw contempt on the inferior judges j and invert the clergy with a un- alienable part of the royal prerogative, to the prejudice of the unalterable laws of the realm. That the fchifm makes ftill new progress by means of the evocations, which , except in certain cafes, forefeen by the laws) are contrary to puhhek order, juftice, the righ s of the fubjeel, piejudioal to the courts of juftice, and proh.bi'ed by ordi- na cea, efpecially in criminal cafes : That his pirliament cannot better fet forth to hit majefty the confequenccs ■ f rhofe evoca- tions, than by putt.n* him in mind of what the parliament faid, in ^4, in a like cafe, of evocations. That the evoking the caufe of a peer, whatever might be the motive, diredly attacks the effence of the Peerage, and Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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$6 The Monthly Catalogue for February 175 3 1 of che parliament, the fole court of peers, and the tights of all who have a feat in it. That the evocation in queftton, whatever may be 'he iffue of it, if injurious to the honour of the peers, the parliament being the only c^urt where their innocence can be fuffi&ently cleared and eftabl (hed. That the prohibiting them to be fum- moned ftrikes at the right of the prmeet and peers to uke their feats in parliament whenever they pleafe; and at the nfet* of the body, of which rhey are memhers, to fummon them, on any cccafi »n, to difcharge the duties and fon&ions of their dignity. [The reft in wtr next*] The Monthly Catalogue for February 1753, Divinity and Conteovbest. J.*T»HE BJeffing of Judah by Jacob 1 confidercd. By J. Bate, A. M. pr. rs. Withers. t. The Principles of the MethodUts coofidered, pr. 6d. Buckland. 3. Animadverfions on the Free end Candid Difquifitious, pr. is. Payne. • 4. Chriftianity and Deifm ftated, pr* te. 6d. Griffiths. 5. The flate of the printed Hebrew Text of the Old Tcftament confidercd. By a Kenoicott, A. M. pr. 6d. Rivington, Histoet. 6. The Unfverfal Hiftory, Vol. XXL pr. 3s. fewed. Ofb^rne. 7* The Hiftory of the PeloponneAan War : Traoflated from the Greek of Thu- cydides, in a Vols. 4/0. By W. Smith, A. M. pr. 30a. Sandby. Physick amd Science. 8. Curvilineal Gauging illuftrated. By W. Speakman, pr. it. Innys. 9. The pUin BngUm Difpenfatory, By R. Colborne, pr. 5s. Clark. MISCELLANEOUS. to. D. of Newcaflle's Letter to the K. of Pruffia's Secretary, pr. is. Owen. (See p. 53.) ir. A Propofal for making an effectual Provifion for the Poor. By H. Fielding, Bojpr.ie. Millar. (See a Urge Abfkraa P- 74* s it. An Enquiry whether the Stage is, or can be made, a School for forming the lfiod to Virtue. 13. A Defence of Lord Bolingbroke's Letters. By M. Voltaire, pr. is. Nourfe. 14. The Diatribe of Dr. Akaia., By the fame, pr. is. Nourfe. 15. A View of the Manufacturers Com- plaints againft the Growers of Wool, pr. it. Ofborne. 16. A Speech at the Enthronement of the Bifhop of Durham. By S. Cowpcr, D. D. pr. 6d. Innys. 17. • Youth's Friendly 'Monitor. By the Author of Britain's Remembrancer, pr. is. Baldwin. i$. Expeditious Penmanlhip; or Short* Ibnd improved. By P. Annet, pr. 4s, Baldwin 19. The firft Principles of Short- Hand* By T. Goroey, pr, at, 6d, Cooper* to. Youth*t Companion, pr.f s.Cooper. a 1. Consideration* concerning the tak- ing off the Bounty on Corn exported^ pr. 6d. Cooper. 2 a. The Beauties of the f peel iters, Tatlers and Guardians, connetfed and 4U gefted under Alphabetical Heads, s Vols, pr. 6s. Baldwin. 33. A particular Account of the French King's large Brilliant Diamond, with a Copper plate. By D. Jeffries, pr. 64. Baldwin. Poetry and Entertainment. 14.. The whole Duty of Woman. By a Lady, pr. as. Baldwin. (See p. 56.) E5. Memoirs of Sir Charles Good vi lie, and his Family, 1 Vols. pr. 6s. Browne* a6. A Collections of Jefts and Maxims, pr. 6d. Nswbery. ay. The Hiliiadj An Epick Potm, Book I. By Mr. Smart, pr. as. Newbery, a8. The Gamefter, a Tragedy, pr. is. 6d. Franklin. (See an Account of it. p. Si.) «o. The Story of the Gamefler, pr. 6cU Reeve. 30. A Collection of Poems. By a Gen- tleman of Cambridge, pr. is. Whifton. j 1. The Humours of Whift, pr. 64. Cooper. , 3a. The tipper Gallery, a Poem, pr« 6d. Owen. 33. Memoirs of Count Fathom, a Volt. pr. 6s. JohnAon. v. 34. The Smartiad, pr. 6d. Job. 35. TheSpeaaclee,aTale,pr.6d. Gorin# 36. The Silk. Worm, a Poem. By S, Pullein, A. M. pr. 4s. Dcdlley. 37. The Pafouinade, pr. is. Montfort. Sermons. 38. A Sermon at the Consecration of the Bp. of St. David's, Jan. 18, 1753. By C. Jenner, D. D. pr. 6d. Birt. 39. A Sermon before the Houfe of •Lords, J4n. 30, 1753. By Edmund Lord Bt/hop of Chefler, pr. 6d. Dod. 40. A Sermon before the Houfe of Com- mons, Jan. 30, 17^3. By E. B. Blackctt, L. L. D. pr. 6d. H. S. Cox. 41. A Sermon before a large Congregati- on, on Old Ch irtrrus Day, pr. fed. Millar* 41. A Sermon at -the Opening the new Chapel in Wakefield. By T. Walker, M,A. pr, 6d5 Griffiths. _ ^ Paicas Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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CON T E N T S. AN account of xfit new tragedy, cal- led, The Brothers 99 The difpute, occasioned by feeing that play 10 1 To Oxymel Bufby ibid. Contents of Sir Hans Sloane's mufeum « . ibjd., The famous great Bell at Mofcew, with- a cut ibid. An account of the great river Volga in Mufcovy lot Defcription of Upr.or caftle in Kent, and the neighbouring torts 104 The Journal of a learned and political Club, &c. continued 105— in SrEXCH of C. Popilius Lamas againft the fublidy treaty with the king of Poland, tle£or of Saxony 105 Sevfc>al indance* of our late bad politicks ibid. Why the German princes are always my of chunng a king of the Romans before the empeior's death ic6, 107 'SyzECH of a Pofthumius again ft fubfidy treaties in general, in time of peace 1 10 ' Conclulton of the report, annexed to the duke of NewcaAle's letter to the Prufltan miftiAcp, concerning the Silefia loan »'* Remarks on a pamphlet, intitkd, Some reflections npon .the 7th* 8th and 9th vcrfes of the 2d chapter ot Generis x 14, 4cc. Of the gradation from vegetables to a- nimals 117 A rhyming queftiien pfopofod ibid. F. Remarks on th« charade* of the late Mr. Whifton 118 Difpute on a mathematical queftiorv »d Extract from Mr. Home's ftate of the cafe between atr tiaac Newton and Mr. Hutcttinfon »sq, no A queftion put to htm m Of the hmac oefipfe which win be #n April 17, with a type ibid. A. Of the trantft of Mercury ever the fun, which will happen on May 6, with a type of ie ibid. C. An account of the new tragedy of the carl of Eflex iai-i«j Extract* from Mr. Alcock's remarks on two bills for the better maintenance of the poor . 123—126 A large account of the trial of Mary •Satires the gypfy and Mrs. Wells for the extraordinary affair of Elizabeth Canning »i6— 130 Canning's evidence j^ Virtue Hall's evidence- ix$ *■ MPeUt ** and Squires4 s defence j 30 Journal of the late war in the Eart- Indies . 130—132 Account of the Nabobs there 1 30 Dialogue between a horfe and an afs 132 An elegy occafioned by mooting a black- bird on Valentine's day 133 Confidefations on Sir Hans-, Sloane's col- lection of enriofitie* 134 Pot try. Anfon and Warren, * long 'fettomufick 135 A country dance 236 To Mr. Henry Jones, on hit tragedy of The Earl of Eflex ibid Prologue and epilogue to The Earl of Bf- to * i37 Prologue to the tragedy of The Brothers ibid. Hiftorical epilogue to the fame 13* A humorous epiftle of a facetious young lady be- rhymed ibid. Officium ftoirum crgp Dam, from Holt fchoof in Norfolk ibid* Imitated in Englim heroicks 1 39 Colin and Phoebe, a new fong * ibid. To tlie author of The Earl of Eflex ibid. To the Rev. Dr. Young, on his excellent tragedy, called The Brothers 140 Hearing Mifs Davie* practicing on the harpflcord, &c. ibid. An epilogue defigned by Mr. Foote, for the tragedy of The Earf of ExTex 141 A dialogue between the Rt. Hon. H— — P and Madam Popularity, in imi- tation of Horace ibid, A further account of the affair of Eliza- beth Canning 14a Account from the Infpcdors on that fub- je& ibid. AbftraO of Mr. Fielding's Clear State of the Cafe 142, 142 Virtue vindicated from Bru tus's Aaoder of it 144 TheMoifTttTCRioatiseii 14* A melancholy relation of diftreft at fen nSB» «4* new ibid, ibid. 14* ibib. ftrid. ibid. A&s pafled Virtue HalT retraces her evidence Trial of a farmer on the game laws Memorial concerning Richmond park, prefented to hie majefty Receipt for the Kite of a mad dog Marriages and births Deaths Ecclefiaftical preferments Promotions civil and military Perfons declar*d bankrupts Abftraft of Dr. HilTs pamphlet in rela- tion to Elizabeth Canning 150,. 151 Prices of ftocks and grain $ wind, wea- ther 15a Monthly biti of mortality anU* 1 Kofi fit oof t verfis frm Oxford) 8fr '»» ■» «-il :_.:.: _*_~" '.' j— •- ■*• «"»^r r«,«,waf the frji opportunity. , . >wnH l+t m**j aww^ww bad reretvtd -frm w c*refrondmto> +*d tee grt* nmuip xj c.'~er ts^srtaia affiitrs, bavi nctjmtd tkt additU* of om IdfJUet, vtiieb it •»£»/ Mgft> *l>- up.ul j*«>Utty. * ^ J ' * *^T Digitized t m Vl *& '&*" tbiPlain> "M*" "ft c/vctfis frm Kofi fitoof, verfct frm i ' ' JJV" ™"ext> ™d **d tkt 1 tt crier i;;:bzr:&iit attain^ h**u **-j-+s;~m*J ,l* ~jj\»: .e 1 _>/• q^^ toLicb £1 d by Google

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THE London Magazine. MARCH, 1753. An Actmrnt «/ tb* new Tragedy, intitM, THE BROTHERS. ¥bt Tragedy tf Tbi Biothvbs h found- tdmfm a Crtdan plan, and its moral in- 4renfe*th«Cn«*sofa Parent. * M»iiMMftHJn»i,*-«« Tbe C*ja»actxis are, rtlffip, king of Macedon, Mr. Berry. 1 Perfcus, his eldeft fon, Mr, Mogbp. Demetrius, hisyoungerfon,Mr. Garrick. Metes, the friend of Perfeus, Mr. Bbfees. Anugomis, a ntiniflcr of state, Barton. Mr. I*mae, tfcefcmg^tavourite, Mr. Simfon. PoOhumius, 7 Roman J Mr. Winftosuu Curtius, $ •rnbaJ'. J Mr. Mozeen. Erixene, the Thracian princeft, Mifk Bellamy. , Htr attendant, Mift Hippifley. fHIS Macedonian mo- narch, I think, accord- ing to Plutarch, in his life of Partus Emilius, is the fixth in fticcemon fince the reign of Alexander the Great, and the poet , t, . ntt drawn hie plot in then following manner. u PWUp it reprefented to have formerly mvaded Thrace, taken its capital, maf- faered its king, murdered his two Tons, -ftfeed his kingdom, and taken Erixene, his young daughter, captive to Macedon, where he treats her like his own child, intending her for one of his fons, both againft Greece, the greateft part of whiofc (he has taken under her protection : In derUion of royalty, (he has fcattered kinty doms away like acres, by inverting the brows of their regal Haves with dud*m», or the gewgaws of majefty ; and now in the vigour of her ftrength, fends ambaj^. fadors to Philip to curb his ambitiori, and to inflft upon the refloration of Thract to Erixene, the daughter of their injured nlly. Philip, in the firft aft, declares hit hatred to Rome, and his afte&ion for his two Tons, in thefe words t Two paftions only take up all my foul, Hatred to Rome and tendernefs for them. But he obferves, that u they two are not brothers/* and endeavours to bting them to a fraternal-reconciliation, which afref a beautiful fcene between Perfeus and Demetrius, is effected ; when Philip con- cludes the aft with thefe elegant lines : —If leagued worlds fuperior forces bring, I'd rather die a father, than a king. Fathers, alone, a father's heart can know, What fecret tides of Ail! enjoyment flow, When brothers love 4 but if their hare fucceeds, ^b^eeds.,, They wage the war, tut 'tis the lather Perfeus is of a bold, rough, ambitious dit>ofition 1 a mortal foe to the name of Rome, envious of his brother's fuperior power over the aftecVioc* «f their father, and a fuitor to Erixene only for the fake of accumulated dominion. But Demetrius is of an amiable temper, with a deticato form and a generous mind ; inclinable to maintain a friendfhip with the Ro- efwhora are enamoured with her, par- E mans, and greatly in love with Erixene, Jfcnlarly Demetrius, who is alio favoured .'--.. - by the princefs. Philip is the inveterate foe of Rome, •htch held the king of Thrace as its ally 5 *od having at this time fubducd the Car- •ajjnians, me has turned her arms Match, 17*3. In the fecond aft, Pericles lays before Perfeus the inconvenience of fupporting that friendfhip he has promiftd to main* tain with Demetrius, byinflnuatingit mufi deprive him of Erixene j which induces Perfeus to declare his renunciation of that tf % amity Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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too Accotmt *£ the Tragedy rf Th t Broth b as. Mar$ amity he hid plighted before his father, the only means of preferring himfelf from There is an addrefs between Perfeus and immediate death ; in conftquence of which Erixene, who is cold to his paflion j but, both are releafed. In the next fcene, in the next fcenc, favours the addrefs Demetrius acquaints Dymas, that he can- of Demetrius, which gives Mr. Garrick not marry his daughter, and prevails up- an opportunity of exerting all the powers on him to let Philip know that he himfelf of love and tendernefs, in the moft pa- " has an objection againft marrying his tbetick and elegant manner. After this. ^ daughter to Demetrius 5 after which De- Philip and his attendants are reprefcnted metrius has a foliloquy on his love, aid at the head of a proceffton, affembled, as concludes it with this charming line, Philip fays, for, "the great lu ft rat ion The love of beauty is the love of heaven, of our martial powers," where they are to exercife their military genius in a coun- In the 4th a£r, Erixene confiders her terfeit engagement, wherein Pericles pre- love for Demetrius, and difclaims him vails on Petfeus to engage and kill De- her aflfeelion on account of his engage- metrius ; which fcene affords Mr. Moffop ment to the daughter of Dymas j after the greateft applaufe* ° which Philip enters, and prevails upon In the jrhird aft, we underftand that her to wed Perfeus. Dymas then enter*, Perfeus has not fucceeded in his defign and acquaints Philip how Demetrius has againft Demetrius, tho* he had alfo pre- refufed to marry his daughter, which ex- pared a poifoned bowl, which is dif- afpevates him. A beiudful fcene is tbtfi covered by Philip, when Perfeus has the introduced betweem Erixene and Deme- •ddrefs to charge Demetrius with a defign thus, who finds his Jove neglect**, by on his life ; which fo inflames the king, her j and, while he U fondly ftriviog to that he orders both in chains, refolves to C rc5ain ,wr affection, ho is interrupt^ by eninifti the guilty, and brings them to the appearance of Perfeus, who tells him an immediate trial before himfelf and that Erixene is to be his wife, and as his fcnato. This is a noble fcene, be- fuch he leads her off; which brings, on a tween the father as judge, and the two fine fcene between Perfeus and Demetrius, fons as fufpeded delinquents ; the three who falls at his feet to conjure him, to performers are all excellent ; Mr. Moffop relinquim his rights but when Perfeus carries a noble air of confidence ; Mr. inform his pafflon, he vehemently rffes, Garrick Aro'ngly depfclures the very foul n and feizes him by the throat ; at which of injured innocence ; and Mr. Berry, D inftont Philip enters, and concludes In a very beautiful manner, fnpports the His darling fon found criminal ia all j ' tharader of the father and the king, the tigid judge and the tender parent. It is i" confequtnee whereof, he orders hit Impoffible to give any particular fpecimene eeches from Per- ©n he continues 5 tho* the pity of the fa- Jeot and Demetrius, the whole is fo fin- ther is moil ftrongly and fenfibly intef- gularly great in both the aftors j but I mixed with the rigour of the judge, whofe thought the fpeech of Perfeus fomewhat E f«ver»ty works him up to a pitch of fress- too long, both for the aftor and the *y» which is finely obferved by Mr. Berry j audience, who were all highly pleafed, as while his inflexibility affords Mr. G*rrk3k well with the ador as the poet, when *n opportunity of mining in the charade* Mr. Berry addrefles his fons before the of a fon, fuffering for the delufion of a fa- trial in thefc lines ; ther, arid dying beneath an unj^ft and cruel If I'm a monarch, where is your obe- fcntence j which leaves us in the greateft dience ? uncertainty and perplexity for the fate of Jf Tmafather, where'syourdutytome? u Dc™*tT'™*: A Wold, your veneration due to years? ' Thc fifth **{ 0penS Wlth ?hip glYint Bat I have wept, and you have fworsi fudience to the Roman ambaflbdort cm in vaisu ",s tnronc > when the arabafladors clear x Demetrius of a charge laid again ft hina When the two princes have gone thro* by Perfeus, of corresponding, and enter- |hcir difference, the father is ftill doubt- ing into difloyal engagements, with the ful, but feems to think Demetrius the Romans. The audience terminates ia offender, whom Perfeus charges with a a declaration of war from the ambaf- friendmip for the Romans ; on which q fadoFS j when Mr. Berry in a very ma» account Philip propofes to Demetrius a jeftick manner, replies, «« eternal war j%* marriage with the daughter of Dymas, and w*hen the amhaOadors fay, " next one of his courtiers, and a foe to Rome, time we meet/* — he cuts them off* by as a proof of his faith to Macedon : This faying, " Vis in the capitol j after which. pemetrius is going to reject, but is per- he fc?gin$ to imagine that Demetrius at foaded by his friend to embrace it, aa jonoctat, Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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\J$f> Contents $f 'Sir Hans Sioa m eV Mufeutrn ice Hit dread decrees the ftri&eft balanc* keep; The father groans who made a mother wcepf But if no terror for yourfelves can move. Tremble ye parent*, for the child ye Jove $ [bleed, a For your Demetrius ; mine is doom'd to A guiltlefc vi&ijri, tortus father's deed. Some people might be of opinion, that Perfeus is not brought to poetical jurtice* out for my part, I was very wellfatfcfieq with the reflexion of his defeat by Emi- jius, his mean condition behind the tri- umphal car of his vi&or, and bis death Bin flavery.; which terminated the lino and reign of the Macedonian monarchy the defcendants of that hero who conquer* cd mil univerfe. TotDHflute, eccafoned by firing the Tragedy, called, TOtBtoTRsas. ^ WHO acled the Brothers ? what _ man ? let me know ? [how fo ? One iMt% a&ed both— *pry*thee tell me f Why, Demetrius was Garriek in powder, like curd, [the Third. And Perfee was Garriek in Richard I heard 'twas one Moflbp in PerfeVs mape $ [or his ape s No, 'twas Garriek himieJf, I am iure» n Indeed you're miftaken— then, I'm an *J old goflip, [riek for Moflbp; And took Moflbp for Garriek, and Gar- But I'll lay a wager, — and herois my pel& Tliat if either was Moflbp— 'twas Gar* rick himfelf ; For if it wa'nt Garriek in Perfes's (hape, O Garriek, take care you a'nt bit by your y" ape? [fteals, & Ht?* cunning, and fly, as fcehind you he I The audience all faw he was clofe at your > heels. 7i Ox t mil Bobby. ' ^T^HE rod of old Bufby could make his ■ 1 boys caper, [quire of paper 5 1 And they fay, could fetch Wood thn>* a 5 F But under thy fiourfe, weak Bufby, we laugh, - [hair ; You can't make us feel thro' a flieet and a !l By which we may learn from your firft- to > your laft. Sir, [mafteir. That Buiby your namefake was never your 5 d Tke Names and Numbers of tie fivsral Tbwgs, SG contained in the Mufreum of Sir Hams ; Sloans, Bart, n *-fp H E library, including about 347 vo- 1 T 4*4 Irani the dread decrees of Tote to books, 3516 volumes of manufcripts, to- fcQt 1 f ether with tip books of prints, conflfts lumes of drawings and illuminated o- A» •f Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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i62 Tie Great BELL 4/ Moscow; " Man* wft about 50,0*0 volumes. Medals and 15^5. Bird*, and their parts, eggs ant coins, antient and modern, about 32,000. fiefts of different fpeeies 1171. Vipers, Antiquities, viz. urns, instruments, &c. ferpents, ire. 511.* Quadrupedes, Are. sue. Seals, Ac. 268. Camea's and in- if 86. Infods C439. Humana, as c*»- tagtfo's, &c. about 700. Precious (tones, cult, anatomical preparations, dec. 75$. agates, jafpers, *rc. 1156. Veflels, &c. Vegetables, as feeds, gums, woods, vf agates, jafpers, ice. 541. Chryfals, roots, tec 11,56c. Hortus flccus, or spars, *c. 1864. Foflils, flints, ftonos, . £ volumes of dried plants 334. MifceHa- *c. 1275. Metals, mineral -ores, ice. neous things, natural, ice 209$. Pie* 2725. Earths, fands, falts, Ac. 103 c,. tures and drawings, Ac. framed 310* Bitumens, fulphurs, ambers, ambcrgreefe, Mathematical mftruments $5. fVe. 399. Talcs, mice?, 388* Teitacea, AH the above particulars are entered or (heHi 5843. Corals, fponges, ire. and numbered, with fhort accounts of 141 !. Echini, echinites, iec. 659. Af- them, and references of feyeral writers* teriac, trochi, entrochi, ice. 241. Cruf. who hare hitherto wrote about them, in tacea, or crabs, *c. 363. Stella* mad- thirty-eight volumes in folio and eight ia sue, Ac. 173^ Fjihes, and their parts B quarto. (See p. 134.) Wr »««.«««> ;. *•. tr* > .1 * + w1lQ caufcd !t *° be made : But the fcuf- AB..™« T^lf*9W!tf™* $/ f,*n5» for timc ta»«K»W. have had a • ./ *g£ -/Mofcow, */*»' G T" ? ThV^'T ^ rhc fc* 'T!* Tup „a t J, l. • , *■* Ann: Thc fonnd °f lt rather amazed is the great bell, winch is indeed habitants. It coft a very treat fum * •!KmJ'-J^ ^/T rT*]l\°n for cv*" onc> *n,biuous^coD^Je7o awoum «tf lH fiie, and the folly of thofe wards it, threw fome gold or filler into thf • 44?>77*N>. Englifc value at 3s. it 65,1*1 1. Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1753* Account of the Great River VOLG A. ia$ the furnaces, which were four in number; the end of February, tnd at Cafan ge- thefc furnaces bad cocki, which, let off nerally a month later. Here the bank*, the metal into the mould. The geome- . alter almoft every year, partly by the rrical diroenfioni are at follows t The force of the current, and partly by the piece by which the bell was hung to the fands which are blown into the river from Warn, from the top of the hell to the the adjacent country. The danger arifmg team, 3 feet 1 inch : Length of the bell, from thefc (hitting banks is not very greats from the beam to the bottom, 21 feet 4 A but they create delays. The common sad I inches 1 Diameter of the bell at the courfe of the ftream can hardly be reokon~ top, 7 /eet, 4 and J inches: Diameter ed above a milt an hour, but in the time it the bottom, %x feet, 4 and | inches, of the floods it is generally three miles. The bell was now in a pit, over which it The navigation is very difficult for fed been hung; but the beam which fop- veflels drawing above five feet water* ported it being burnt, on. occasion of a except In the flood times, when the great fire, it gave way, and the fall made a largeft flat bottomed veffeh find fum- breach in it, as expreflcd in the figure. B cient water. I have feen a veflel afloat * iri the month of October, faid to have ' IbtJamtGntfm** pves the fiffrwfti? At- 600 tuns of fait and fiih aboard; and amt ff tbt Great River Vo 1 c a h »« Tome feafons they have barks of greater Mufcovy. burthen. The trade from many parts is great and extenfive, but from no place TH K river was anciently called the more co'nfiderable than from Zariflaw and Rha, and is reputed for extent and Cafan. The Tailors who navigate thie depth one of the noblefi in the world. river, are remarkable for their dexterity ■ It derives its fourot from the lake Fernoff Q in warping. They have three boats to in the province of Refkoff, running, ac- carry out the warps, which they take cording to general computation, near in forward ; and at the fame time they 4500 werfta • before it empties itfelf coil the warp from the rtern into th« into the Caspian fea. It takes in the river boat, while the other two boats are a- Twcria which comes from Twere, the head laying frem warps 5 for as foon as Mofcwa from Mofcow, the Occa from they have run out one, the end of the Columna, the Kama which divides the other is ready. Thefe veflels fomettmea Nagay and Kooban Tartars, the Samar carry from 150 to 200 men, and as their at Samara, and many others. It is of*' bignefs prevents their failing:, except the the utmoft utility to the greateft part of wind be very fair, they warp 30 Englifa the vaft empire of Ruffia, not only with miles a day againft the ftream, which, regard to commerce, but as it has been a as we have already obferved, is fome- means of* reducing the different tribes of times very rapid. Befidcs the vaft abun- Tartars who frequent its borders. The dance of fifli taken in this river, and fent immenfe quantities of water it receives either faired or frozen to diftant parte from other rivers, and from the many of the Ruffian empire, there rs a con- hilly countries from whence defcend great £ fiderahle commerce carried on in Ca- torrents, particularly when the fnow viare f. suits in the fpring, are the caufe of its The method of preparing this cpm- rwelling at different times and places, modity is to take away the ftringy part, It beeins ufually to rife in March, and tnen to mrx it with fait welt cleaned and increafct in April and May, continuing made into brine ; and when drained from above its ufual mark, till the end of the oily parts and pre/Ted, it become* of Jane; and then it decreafes very faft. fuch a confiftency as to keep two or There is often another rife in September „ three years. The grain is of a darkifl* by autumnal rains; but this is not fov grey colour, almoft as big as a pepper content, nor near fo considerable. It corn, and cuts tranfparent. In the win- varies in different places j at Aftrachan ter it is fent frefh to all parts of the em- It is only feven or eight feet, unlefs the pire, and is much efteemed by the native* footherly winds blow in the water at the as well as foreigners, being' well known tame time from the Cafpian. About to partake of the nature of oyfters. There Zaritxen, which is above 400 wcrfts is alfo a large quantity made for expor- higber, I faw a mark at about 20 feet, tation, which is confumed in Italy and as already mentioned j and at Cafan, G by the chriftans in the Levant. The Ar* which is 1250 wcrfts yet higher, the menians have the fie ill of preparing it beft, tUb is laid to be much greater. As there and ufually make above 6006 poods J e* are fo many different climates in the very year. In 1749 *&*! **&*$** ao,oo# courie of thit river, the ice breaks up at poods to market. Afferent times; as at Aftrachan about As* 5 •' ♦ y»oM*grjfim!m. *t*Htfjkrg«nmiihtn»z*> the R*Jwu c*tt it It**. % Mm 100 tuts. Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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104 UPNCUt-CASTLE, &c. itfcribti. March Jk w b*ot bvt prefcmi wr Rttitrt vM a kfmutxful Viiw #/ UPNOfc-CASTLE in Kant, me btve tlmgbt ft tveive the ftlirminf Dtfcrtftion rf thai **i the nc*tk- Simrrng Fmrtt, frtm the •ctafitnl Hottt •/ the A*b* if A Natural ind Hifto- rical Account of the Wands of Sdflyy £ frimti fir R. Manby m Ludg ate -hill, mJH.S. Cox, in P*er-Noftes.Row. . AT Upoor-Caftle, he (ays, there is not a gun mounted for fervice, nor yet a platform, as fome have aflerted. Nor is there any platform of guns at the Swamp, nor yet at Cockham wood. The fort at the Swamp is now called Birds* ft mil fort, where guns can hardly be re- membered, and where the embrafures of earth are long since mouldered away, ami over- run with bufhes and brambles, and the ground behind this fort turned into a profitable brick -kiln ; the veftigia oc marks of a fort there, only remaining. Cockham wood fort, about a mile beyond Birds- neft fort, going from Up- C nor caftle, on the fame (ide of the Med- way, is yet to be feen, but with all the guns difmounted, and thrown by on the ground, vis. feveral 42 pounders; the Ifeot and ordnance (lores lying ia the malUr -gunner** houfe, juft at hand , which, as well as the ibrt, is become very ruinous * But as there it a f*lary annexed, p it ferves for the wpport of fome deferring perfon, and his family, who has fpent his youthful time in hit majerty's fervice. There is a very fine proipecl fr»m the leads at the top of the houfe, command- ing the river up as far as Rocltefter, and down as far as Sheerncfs, comprehend- ing the contiguous hills and valleys, which in the fummer appear like a Paradife. £ It is conveniently fctuated for an aftro- oomer to take his obfervations of the fccavens, and for a poet to engage his fancy and attention. Gimngham-fort is lately improved as avgarifen j a matter- gunner, and two ether gunners, belonging to it : And new barracks arc built there. It ftands on p the contrary fide of the Medway to that whereon ftands Upnor-caftle and Cock*, lam- wood fort, below the latter, fo called from the adjacent wood j yet almoft op- posite to Upnor, by the winding of the Wed way. ' . Hoe- nefs fort is fituate on the Med- «vay*s brink, below Cillingham fort, on the fide next Hoe marfhes. No guns are G mounted at this fort, to which only a oiaftec- gunner belongs, who lives abfent z But a quarter gunner from Upnor cattle mj%t% on the fpot, for a week at a time j a boat being allowed for the tranfporta- tion of each gunner, weekly, from Up- nor caftle to Hoe. nefs aforefaid. Upnor-caftle ft plcafantly fituated, on high rifing ground, next the banks of the Medway, almoft opposite to Chatham new dock on the other fide. There it a Urge powder maga2rne at Upnor-caftle, for the fervice of the navy ; and belong- ing to the garrifon there, for the fervice and fecurity of this magazine, are a matter- gunner, and 12 other gunners, a ftorekeeper andderlf; an officer's com- mand of foldiers on detachment : Which, with all the adjacent forts, GUlingham, Cockham-wo^d, and Hoe- nefs forts, a* forefaid, everyone fubordinate to this ga« ; rifon, are under the command of lieut. gen. John Guife, the pre fen t governor. The governor's houfe is hullt of (to**; in the caftle, being the fouth tower, at which, on account of its urffltnefs for his reception, be never rcfides. Bet there, are very good bairacks, in which the gunners, foldiers, and officer eommattd- ing on the fpot, are well accommodated ; and a beautiful and magnificent ftore- keeper** houfe and gardens, for the ac- commodation of that gentleman. Coals and candles are aifo allowed for the ufe of this ga rifon. The colours are boifted a* the top of the caftle. The air here, and throughout the whole hundred of Hoe, n fubjecl to fo many change* in 34 hours, that agues are com- plained of the year round, in fWnmer at well as winter. And befides the fudden cnanges of air in this part of Kent, the other caufea contributing to agues here, more than in any ottar parts of the county, are she fait exhalations from the adjacent marfhes, overflowed by the Medway tides, and left fwampy twice every 24 hours. And the hundred of Hoe (near which ftands Upwor- Caftle) being Co closely embraced by the Thames and Medway* next the fea, whose arms in fome places, are not above a mile or two afurdei> where the hundred lies low, and fuhject to be overflowed, muft needs produce aas increafe of the fame effects. The foil about Upnor is very clayey* and the roads and pntlis very flippery and troublcfome after lain. -There are Several monuments of wit extant in thenar parts, efpecially at the quarry houfe, oe? Kentiu Vauxhell, fituated on a fair profpeO, at a convenient diftance free* Chatham, Rocheftcr, and Stroud, froefc. whence thefe towns, and the river ar^ finely behekJ, with the Gothick bridge oC Rochefter, (upported on eleven leper**** arches, and fterlings, whete the tial* rifes sja& falls with great rapidity. , JO IT*. J Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1753- 10S JOURNAL of the Proceedings and Debates in the Political Club, continued from p. 65. ment been firmly united, no other The left Speech I Jbali give you in the prince in Europe would have ven- Debate continutd in yeur /aft, was tured to attack the queen of Hun- that made by C. Popilius Laenas * gary, nor would France have ven- nvbick was in Subftance thus. turcd to prompt any of them to do fo by a promifc of her affiftance ; Mr. Chairman, ^ for ^c Dutch and we, with the af- S 1 R9 fi fiance of Pruffia, would have been WHETHER the immedi- able to fupport that houfe againft ate election of the arch- any confederacy that could have duke Jofeph as king of been formed againft it ; but by the the Ramans, be a right or a wrong promiies we made to the court of meafure, is not the queftion now be- Vienna, and the projects we at firft fore us ; for a meafure may in itfelf B formed againft Pruffia, we prevent- be right, that is to fay, it may be ed any fuch agreement, and thereby the intereft of this nation to have it occafioned fuch a confederacy to be brought about, and yet it may be formed againft the queen ol Hun- wrong in us to attempt it, or at leaft gary, that we ourfelves were obliged it may be wrong in us to become the to agree to a neutrality, which we chief actors, and to be at the chief were forced to obferve, until by the expence in bringing it about. To C bad conduct of the French generals, prove this I need not dive very deep we got that agreement brought into the hiftory of paft times, or the about, between the queen of Hun- politicks of future. To have had gary and the king of Pruffia, which the pragmatick fanction of the late we ought at firft to have infifted on. emperor religiously obferved, and all But this agreement, Sir, was far his dominions tranfmitted entire to from having the fame good effect ic his next facceflbr, was in itfelf a ^ would have had at firft ; It put right meafure ; but in the circum- an end, it is true, to the war De- fiances Europe was thrown into by tween thofe two powers, but it did his death, it became impoffible to be not eftablifh a friendfhip between accomplished, and our intermeddling them, tho' the king of Pruffia got in it fo much as we did at the be- by it a greater part of Sikua than, ginning, that is, when the king of he would have been at firft fatisfied Pruffia firft invaded Silefia, not only E with. On the contrary, he was now brought on the laft war, but brought engaged in a defenfive alliance with the houfe of Auftria to the very France, and he forefaw, that hi* brink of deftru&ion ; for if we had quiet enjoyment of what he had got then plainly told the court of Vien- would depend upon his preferving ne, that we could not intermeddle in that alliance. Tho' we were fully their dtfpute with the king of Pruf- apprifed of this circumftance, yet fin, that court would probably have ^ we foon after engaged in a meafure, come to an agreement with him at which was likewife righ* in itfelf, the expence of a fmall part of Sile- but it was very wrong, it was even Jim ; and if they had done this, I am ridiculous in us to engage in it at perfsaded, no war would have hap- that time ; and we certainly would pesed in Europe, becaufe, if th»:fe not have engaged in it, if we had two powers had by fuch an agree* not been governed, and 1 may (ay L— S— -, blinded, by an intereft which wat March, 1753. O hv Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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io6 Proceedings of the Political Club, &?f.JMareh far from being the intereft either of otherwife, Sir, that we Ihouid mo(t Britain or of Europe. The meafure cautioufly avoid engaging in any ] mean was that of conquering and project that may feem to tend tbir taking from France fome territory, way ; becaufe it will always give to be given to the queen of Hungary France a great advantage over as. as an equivalent (or what (he had The princes of Germany know at yielded to the king of Pruffia. A well as we do, that it is our intereft This, I fay, was in itfelf a right to render the emperor their abfolutc meafure ; but confidering the alii- mailer, and that, on the other hand, ance then fubfifting between France it is the intereft of France to preferve and Prufln, it was ridiculous at that their independency. We ihouid time to think of it, as we foon therefore be extremely cautious of found by experience ; for the mo* engaging in any meafure, that may ment we made, an <im predion upon B but feem to have a tendency toward* France In Alface, the king of Pruf- overturning what they call the liber- fta, in purfuance of his alliance, ties of the Germanick body, becaufe renewed the war, and attacked the in that cafe it will be eafy for France queen of Hungary in Bohemia. to perfuade many of them tq accept Thus, Sir, from a very late part of fubfidies from her, and to join inv of the hiftcy of paft times it ap- her meafures, under pretence of her pears, that a meafure may in itfelf C having no other view but that of be very right, and yet it may be preferving their independency, which: wrong in us to embark in it t and it is fo much her intereft to take care r now with regard to the politicks of of, becaufe, whilft that is preferved, future times, it would be right, that they will never affift the houfe of if, it would be for the intereft of Auilria in any ambitious projects this nation, not only to have the Im- againft her. penal diadem continued, but to have D Now, Sir, I (hall leave to gentle, it made hereditary in the family of men to confider, whether our being Auftfia. Nay, I will go further, I fo very folicitous about having the believe* it would be our intereft to archduke Jofeph chofen king of the have that family eftablifhed in an Romans in the life- time of his father, abfclute fovereignty over the whole may not feem to fome of the princes- German empire ; and however much of Germany as a ftep towards over- th is might be contrary to the intereft £ turning their liberties ; for we all of the princes of Germany, I be- know, that for the prefervation of lieve, it would not be repugnant to their liberties they depend very much the intereft of the people in general ; upon the capitulations, that are to be for they might, perhaps, live more figned and fworn to by every empe- happPy, and extend their trade more ror at his elc&ion. If any thing has eauiy, by means of their great na- been practiced during the former vigable rivers, than they can do at F reign, if any innovation has been prefent ; and if the emperor was as introduced, that may feem of bad abfolute in Germany as the French confequence towards their liberties, king, now is in France, I am fure, they take care to provide againft it we ihouid have nothing to fear from by a capitulation at the next election, the overgrown power of the houfe But they fay, and rightly fay, that 0/ Bourbon If it were poflible, were the fon to be chofen in the em- therefore, to render the houfe of G Pcror his father's life-time, the Auftria the abfolute and hereditary reigning emperor might have fo fovereigns of the whole German eth- much influence as to prevent any pire, the meafure would be right in fuch capitulation's being infilled on, jticlf ; but will anyone fay, it would and rhus their liberties might by de- be right in us to attempt it ? So far greet be rendered precarious, and at kit Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1753* Proceedings of the Political Club, tic. 107 laft utterly fubverted. This is the For this reafon, Sir, I think, I reafon, Sir, that the princes of Ger- am well grounded in doubting, whe- many have always been fo (hy of ther the court of Vienna itfelf be chafing a king of the Romans be- iincere and hearty in this project of fore the death of the emperor ,* and an election. To be fure, that court this reafon will, I fear, now pre- will not oppofe our granting fubfi- vail, notwithstanding all the fubfidics A dies to as many of the German we have granted, or can grant. The princes as we pleafe, upon this or meafure may perhaps be right ; but any other account ; and it is as cer- oor interpofing in it fo carneftly and tain, chat few, if any, of thofe fo openly is wrong. Nay, if any princes will refufe our fubfidics, as thing mould occafion a conteft about nothing more in return is required of the election upon the prefent empe- them, than to keep a number of re- ror's death, it will, in my opinion, B gular troops on loot, which they be our having appeared fo ftrenu- would keep on foot without any oufly for the election of his fon du- fuch fubfidy, and to promife to con- ring, his life. Befides, I really doubt cur with us in what they may think whether it be the intereft of the for the intereft of their native coun- prefent emperor to have his fon try. But I do not think, either that chofen king of the Romans during the court of Vienna will for our his lifetime. It is not the intereft C fekes attempt to bring on the elefti- of any fovereign prince to render on of a king of the Romans fooner his fon and heir apparent entirely than they think proper, or that any independent of him ; for in hiftory prince in Germany will for the fake we often find the fon endeavouring of our fubfidy vote for the bringing to dethrone the rather ; and if we on of that election fooner than ho oonfider what circumftances the pre- thinkrthe fafety of his country ne- fent emperor would be in, if the pre J) ceffarily requires ; and as foon as (eat emprefc mould die before him, that necefficy exifb, he will vote for we mod conclude, that it would not bringing it on, and will give his be very fafe for him to have his fon vote for whom he thinks the moft chofen king of the Romans previous proper candidate, without the leail re- to that event; for the fon would gard to the fubfidy he has had from us. then of cowrie fucceed to all the do- This, Sir, is my opinion of the minions of Anftria, fo that the em- E fovereign princes of Germany, and peror would be reduced to the fingle I hope no gentleman will find fault dutchy of Tufcany, where the fon, with me for having fo good sn opi- if he were then likewife king of the nion of their honour and publick Romans, might tell him, he muft fpirit ; tho' I find that the two Hon. go and refide, and leave the govern- gentlemen upon the floor over-againft mem of the empire to him. Nay, me, both of whom, I (hall allow, perhaps he might tell him, that as p are well verfed in the bufinefs of he was then grown old and unfit for elections, feem to differ from me in this world, he muft follow the ex opinion : They bo^h think, that a fubfidy, or if you pleafe, a bribe, will have great weight at the next election ; but they differ in the me- thod of applying it. The Hon. Q gentleman who fpoke fir ft, and who moved the queftion now under our confideration, feemed to place fome confidence in the honour of the eleo tor, and therefore he was for grant - O a i»& Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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io8 Proceedings of /& Political Clvs, f&t. March ing the fubfidy before the election ; This, Sir, would be fuch an tac- but the other gentleman was for mak- pence as even our minifters, I bo* ing fare work, and therefore he was lieve, never imagined the nation not for parting with his money on- would -bear, notwithfianding the rea- til after the bufincfs was done. Now dy compliance they have fo long of thefe three opinions it mull be met with, as to every expeuce they admitted that mine is the mod cha- A have been pleafed to load as with $ ri table, and it is attended with this therefore 1 cannot fuppofe, that thia farther advantage, that if it be agreed was any of their qnfons for agreeing to, we (hall fave our money. But to this fubfidy 5 and in (hort, Sir, fays the Hon. gentleman who fpoke every reafbn that has been afiigned lail, thefe fubfidies are not to be by our minifters, or their friends, granted for engaging the votes of for our granting this fubfidy, appears the electors, but for enabling them B upon examination to be fp chain eri- to vote freely at the next e led ion, cal, that I muft fuppofe, there ia a. by afiifting them to keep up fuch a teafon in petto, which has not been, number of regular troops as may de- nor ever will be mentioned by then* fend, them againft any that {hall at* If we had before us a lift of all the tempt to put a force upon them. important affairs now depending be- I (hall grant, Sir, that this is a fore the diet of the empire at Ratif- new and a mod ingenious conceit j C bon, we might perhaps be able to but unluckily there does not appear to difcover and point out the true rea- be any fuch (lipulation in this fubfidy ion for granting thefe fubfidies. By treaty, nor in that we agreed to laft numerous aflemblies the problem year. They are indeed obliged to among civilians, num datar tafus fr§ have a certain number of troops rea- amico, is always determined in tho, dy for our fervice ; but every one affirmative : Friendships and connec- knows, that both thofe princes al- D dons always add great weight to t^a ways did keep up a much greater arguments that are made ui'e of, ia number of troops than they promife fuch aflemblies, for either of tbjD to have ready for our fervice : contending parties ; and tho' a fttb- Whereas, if the defign of the treaty fidy could not procure the corrupt had been fuch as the Hon. gentle- vote, it may procure the friendfhip, man reprefents, the (lipulation (hould and that friendftiip may bias tho have been, that they (hould for the £ judgment, even of a fovcreign print* future keep up fo many thoufaud of Germany. In this light there- more than they have ufually done fore a fubfidy may be wifely and uie- in time of peace, and that the addi- fully granted ; but the misfortune is, rional number (hould always be ready that if we (hould obtain a decree of for our fervice. Befides this, Sir, the diet in our favour, I am afraid, there is another misfortune attends an appeal would be made to theW- this conceit, which I fancy will F titna ratio reguvi ; and how this ap- alarm fome gentlemen amongft us ; peal might be determined I fhafl not for if this be the defign of the fub- pretend to foretel ; tho' I may vcsK tidy, it mud be continued until a ture to prop he fy, that the fubfiditft king of the Romans be chofen, we now grant would Contribute very which may not be for thefe forty little towards its being determined ha years to come, as the prefent emperor our favour ; and if it were* th* may live till he be 84 years of age ; Gptize would, to this nation at le*% and J doubt much, cohfidcring the be like a Newmarket plate, not 3 important queftion now ftaried in worth the expence of obtaining it, s, Germany, \{ we (hall be able with confequcntly, even this reaiosu all our- fubfidies to bring on an elec- which is the beft that can be a£ tion before his dea{h, ^ • " >- .».-,. figoe^ % Digitized by VjOOQ LC.

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i75g.' Prociidikgi if tU Political Club, &cl 10$ figoed, ought not to prevail with at, Whether we are now in danger in oar prefent drcumftances, to put of being involved in a war with the ourfelves to any expence. <two chief branches of the houfe of Before I fit down, Sir, I muft Bourbon, is what I do not pretend beg leave to confider a Iktie that to know, Sir, as I never had the hoggoMin, the danger-of our being honour of being let into the fecret* involved in a war with the whole A of the cabinet, 'Tis true, we have houfe of Bourbon, and the necefiry been for thefe thirty yearti paft ea- we fiiould then be under of* calling deavouring to unite thole two upon our allies to attack fbme of the branches in intereft as much as they branches of that houfe by land, are m blood ; and fo far have we wbilft we carried on the war againft been from embracing any opportuni- them by fea* In the firft place, I ty for difuniting them, that upon a believe, no gentleman will fey, that B certain famous occafion, which moft the fubfidiet we now grant can ren- gentlemen remember, and all have der us certain of our allies being heard of, we put ourfelves to a great ready to anfwer our call : Some of expence for diflblving an union that them, I am convinced, would not : had been accidentally made up, be- Nay, fome of them might perhaps tween the Spanifh branch of that do as they did in the latt war, ac- houfe and the houfe of Auftria, and cept of the fubfidies from, or join C which by our concurrence might have with the houfe of Bourbon. But been fo cemented as to have held to fuppofing they mould be all ready to this day. Therefore, if we are in anfwer our call, if they would agree any fuch danger, we owe it entirely to carry on the war by land at their to our own mi (conduct ; and grant- own expence, or to require but a hag that we are, I will fay, that if foiall ihare of the expence from us, we fhould be involved in any fuch I ihall admit, that we mould be very D war, it were better to truft to our much obliged to them ; but when own natural ftrength at fea, than to we confider their behaviour in the engage with our allies in a land war three laft wars, in which we gene- upon the fame terms we did, in any POuUy engaged as principals againft of the three laft wars we have in the houfe of Bourbon at their defire, conjunction with them been engaged can weexpcft, that when thtey en* m ; becaufer as has been already ob- gage at ours, they will not infift up- £ ferved by my Hon. friend below me, on oar being at the chief expence of the fupport of an army upon the con- carrying on the war by land, and tinent of Europe will always coil the whole expence of carrying it this nation as much as double the. 011 by fea ? And if they fhould do number will coft the French nation, this, their afltftance would do us as a great part of the expence of more hurt than good, becanfe it their armies is either in, or loon re* would difeble us from carrying on F turns to their own country ; where- the war by fea and in America with as almoft every (hilling expence we any efred ; and fhould we, by an ex- are at is gone for ay, and never re- traordinary exertion of our naval turns, unlefs it be to purchafe a (hare ftrength, make any conquefts in in our publick funds, and thereby America, the iflue of the war would add to our outgoings in time of peace, probably be the fame with that of as well as in time for war. the laft, we fhould be obliged to re G I think, I have now (hewn, Sii% flore our conquefts in America, in that this fubfidy cannot in any fup- oider to recover what our allies had poleable cafe be of advantage to this by their indolence or mtfcondu& loft nation ; and therefore I (hall cer- in Europe* tainjy give my vote againft the quef. ■V ' • ." * j tion, -Bigitized by Vj(

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&JO Prociidiwos 0/ th Political Club; &r» March tlon, whatever may become of the engages to pay a fubfidy, of fom of credit of our minifters in their future money, either houfe of parliament negotiations ; for as to our fovereign, may refufe to grant money for. en- he is no way concerned in the qoef- abling him to make good that en* tion, and to mention his name in our rafeement. This train of thinking debates is a parliamentary tranfgref- I was led into by the treaty with the lion, which our minifters are but too A king of Poland as ele&or of Saxony, often guilty of, tho' they mull know, which your lordwips have now upon that nothing can be more derogatory your table, and which I have not to the dignity of their matter, and .only "perufed but considered with aU to the liberties and privileges of that the attention I was mailer of. I aflembly, of which they have the have likewife, my lords, coniidered honour to be members. all the probable circumfiances which, B in myopinien, could render that trca- A a few Days after this Que ft to* ty neceflary, and all the jpoffible cob- bad been debated in our Club, w4 fequences of it ; and after the mod had another Dtbate upon the fo/- mature confideration I cannot fugged lowing $ueftiont vix. Whether to myfelf any one probable circum- an humble Addrefs mould be pre- fiance, which could render fuch a tented to his Majefty, befeeching treaty neceflary, nor any one poffiblo him, in the moil humble Manner, C confequence which can be of advan- that, during this Time of publick tage to this nation, and which would Tranquillity, his Majefty would be not have been the fame, if no fuck gracioufly oleafed not to enter in- treaty had ever been made, nor to any fubfidiary Treaties with fo- any fuch expence ever incurred, reign Princes, which are fo Bur- I know very well, my lords, what thenfome to this Nation ? This is pretended, which is the cxreum- Debati was opened by A. Pofthu- D ftance of the prefent emperor's snius, wbofe Speech upon this Occa- death, and the confeqnence of get- fan was to the following EjfeB. ting his fon, the archduke Jofepb, chofen king of the Romans, either My Lords, before or after his death ; but, in S I am to move you a quefti- toy opinion, the circumftance is far A _ on> which 1 think, and all from being probable, and the con* your lord (hips muft think of the ut- £ fequence of getting the ion chofen mod importance, I mull beg your king of the Romans, during his attention, and your leave to explain father's reign, at prefent almoft im- jnv reafons for the motion with ppfHble. Now to determine with which I am to Conclude. Although fome preeinon between probable and his majefty has by his prerogative improbable, we muft call the doc.- the fole power of making peace and trine of chances to our aid ; When war, add of concluding fuch treaties p the chance is exactly equal, whe- as he may at any time think necef- ther any accident (hall happen or fary, yet no one doubts, but that by no, that accident may properly e- our conftkution this houfe, which is nough be faid to be in an equihV our fovereign's fupreme and higheft briuni ; (6 that it can well be laid council, may inrerpofe, and may to be probable or improbable ; * advife his majefty to make fuch trea- When the chance is but one of a ties as we may think neceflary, or q great number of degrees againft itt not to conclude any treaty, which happening, it then begins to be im- may then be fuppofed to be upon probable ; and, on the contrary* the anvil. And even after a treaty when the chance is in the fame de- is concluded, by which his majefty gree in favour of its happening, i* JD— of B- then.

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1753* Proceedings if /& Political Club, &c. iii then begins to be probable : And Now, my lords, with regard to thus any accidental event may be, the advantage this nation is to reap by what number of degrees you from this treaty, it is impoffible to will, probable or improbable. To fuggeft any without firft fuppofing, apply this to the accident of the either that the emperor is to die emperor's death within the term of within the term of this treaty, or this treaty: Let as confider, that A that it is pofiible to get the archduke his Imperial majefty is bat juft en- Jofeph cnofen king of the Romans tered into the 44th year of his age, m his father's life-time ; and even and has as good a conftitution as any granting either the one or the other man : Then let us* look into the of thefe improbable fuppofitions, ft cxa&tft calculations that have been will not be eafy to fhew any ad van - made of the vitality of mankind, tage we could reap, which we fhould and we (hall from thence find, that B not have reaped, tho' no fuch treaty he has an equal chance for living had ever been made ; for firft, fap- near 10 years * ; confequently, we pofing the emperor to die within maft conclude, that the accident of the term of this treaty, can we ima- his dying within the term of this gine, that there would be any dif- treaty, is a circumftance which is pute about chufing his fon, tho*un-> highly improbable. der age ? My lords, it is (0 much The next thing, my lords, I am C the intereft of Germany to have the to confider, is the poffibility of what Imperial diadem continued in that is laid may be the confequence of houfe, as it ftrengthens their barrier this treaty, which is that of the both againft the Turks and the archduke's being chofen king of the French, that every prince in Ger- Romans in his father's life time, many would chufe to have the Im- Your lordfhips all know, that it is perial diadem in that houfe rather one of the fundamental maxims of D than any. other, except his own ; the empire, never to chufe a king and in particular, it is the intereft of the Romans during the life of of the king of Poland to have the the reigning emperor, unlefs when Imperial diadem continued in the ' the immediate fafety of the empire houfe of Auftria, becaufe, confider - requires it : This maxim, I ihall ing the connexion between that grant, has been fometimes broke houfe and Ruffii, it will be the mod thro', but never without great mur- £ efFedual means for continuing the muring* and heart-burnings, which, crown of Poland in his own family. I am fare, it would not be prudent Upon this fuppofition, therefore, to give any occafion for at prefent. we could expert no advantage from 1$ there at prefent the leafl pretence this treaty, but what we might have for faying, that the immediate (dfety depended on, had this treaty never of the empire requires arr eleclion been made ; and upon the other of a king of the Romans ? Does F fuppofition the argument will be the not the chance which, i have fhewn, fame ; for if it be the intereft of the the prefent emperor has for living king of Poland to have the Impe- this 20 year evince, that no fuch rial dignity continued in the houfe seceffity can at prefent exift ? But of Auftria, the fooner and the firmer this is not all, the difpute now it is fettled there, ttye better for him, ftarted about who ihall be the judges fo long as the conftitution of the of this neceifity, is a difpute thatG empire is preferved, and the ele&o- cmnot be determined, and confe- ral privilege no way incroached on. quently muft render an election of a But, sny lords, fuppofing, that . king of the Romans impo/Hble in there were a probability of the em- the prefent circumftances of the em- peroi's dying in a year ox two, fup- w're. pofir.g, \ • S*~rVUv*»tf.rUftr*r, ,. 4:7. ^^

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H2 Proceedings*/ /A* Political Club, &fr. March poling, that there were a peffibility was originally dedicated to the dif- of getting his (on chofen king of charge of our publick debt, not> the Romans in his life -time, and with (landing oar having loaded the foppofing, that in cafe this were not landed intereft with 3s. in the pound; done, there would probably be upon which is a higher tax than moft of the pcefent emperor's death a con- them can well bear, and higher than teft about the election, and a new A they ever ought to be loaded with war thereby kindled up in Europe, in time of peace. axe we at all times to grant fubfidies, It is with regret I give your lord- and to be at the chief expence of (hips fuch a melancholy account of preserving the peace of Europe, as the rircumftances of your country, well as of carrying on every war for to tell any man, that he is in the that happens in Europe ? This would high road to ruin, can never be a be a moft ridiculous undertaking, B very grateful meffage ; but if he is were we now in as happy and flou- not told of it in time, he will at laft rifhing circumftances as this nation come to feel it ; and upon feeing fuch ever was. How much more ridi- an extravagant, fuch a wild pro- culous then mud k be in oar pre- jed of expence undertaken, as tb/s sent unhappy and diftrefled cricum- treaty now before 05, I could not fiances ? Our people are loaded al- avoid fetting our circumilances in ready with fuch a number and va- C their proper and true light. But riety of taxes, that it is hardly pof- this is far from being the only piece fible for the wit of man to invent a of extravagance we have fubjedted new one : Thofe taxes lie fo heavy ourfelves to. I could mention many upon our navigation and manufac others : We have for the enfuing tures, and have fo much enhanced year charged ourfelves with at leatt the price of all the neceflaries and 2000 feamen more than we had any conveniences of life, and confe- Doccafion for ; and by our mifma- qnently the wages of workmen, that nagement we have rendered the af- foreigners are able to nnderfel us at fair of Nova Scotia a heavy and an every market, and to navigate their annual article of expence. CEconomy fhips at a cheaper rate than our peo- itfelf is upon fome occafions extra- Kcan eafily do. By this means vagance, and was never more fo than h our trade and navigation are in this affair of Nova Scotia ; for foing to decay in every branch of E when we refolved upon that fettle- ufinefs, except that between us and ment, we mould have confidered the our own plantations, where foreigners obitacles we were probably' to meet cannot legally interfere with us, with, and fhould have fent fuch a tho* I am afraid they have already force there at hrft, as would have * begun to do fo in a fmuggling way, been able to remove all obstacles ac and this will increafe in deipite of once : If we had at fir ft fent two or us, for even our own people will go F three regiments thither along witk to the cheapeft market, as foon as the fettlers, and had fixed thofe re- they have learnt where it it, let us giments in proper places, with a do what we can to prevent it. And company of rangers well equipped to all this let us add, that our pub- to fcour the country, 1 am per* lick revenue is fo deeply mortgaged, fuaded, all the French inhabitants that what remains free is not, with would have at once fubmitted, and the btft ceconomy, fufficient to de- Gnone of the French Indians dorft fray the expence of our government have ventured into the Peninfula, to in time of peace ; for this very year have molefied our planters. Jf we we (hall be obliged to lay violent had done this, the inhabitants might hands upon that Ucred fund, which by this time have been able ngt only CO Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1^53- Conchifiph §f the Report about the Silefia Loan, i r $ to have provided for, but to have defend- enable his majerty to make good an en. ed themfelves 5 but in the method we gagement, which he Had charged himfelf have managed, it is become, and, I fear, with by a folemn treaty. Therefore, to will long continue to be a heavy annual prevent our being brought under any , charge. fuch dilemma for the future, I fhall con- By fuch mifinanageraents and extrava- elude with moving, That, tec. (as be- gancies as thefe, my lords, we have been fore mentioned.) . reduced to the neceflity of incroaching A ^rhh j0URNAt t0 he eontinUid in w nexty upon the (acred finking fund, without x confidering how highly we have lately #^^^6X*5«BS!«^«^*^5K^^, done, for which there is at pre fen t no and courts of admiralty to judge, only abfolute neceflity, and which we have by Q according to the law of nations, and our own neglect rendered impoflible to treaties. be done ? 1 fay, my lords, cur own And after having made all thefe things negfecr i for this of eledting a king of plainly appear, the Report adds as fbl- the Romans (hould have been thought of mats, viz. at the time the treaty of Breflau, or that The king of Pruflia has engaged hi$ of Drefden was concluded, and we grant- royal word to pay the Silefia debt to pri- ed to the king of Pruflia our guaranty of vate men. Silefia. If in lieu of that guaranty we _ It is negotiable, and many parts may had at that time infifted ujSori bis pro- -Phavebeen afligned to the fubjeCh of other mifing to concur in electing the archduke powers. It will not be eafy to find an in- JOfeph king of the Romans, he would ftance, where a prince has thought fit to probably have agreed to it 5 and if he had, make reprifah, upon a debt, due from I believe, no other prince of the empire himfelf to private men. There is a con- would have oppofed ft. Nay, even at fidence that this will not be done 5 a pri- tfae treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, he would vate man lends money to a prince, upon pcobably have agreed to concur in this the faith of an engagement of honour, election, in confideration of the guaranty JJ becaufe a prince cannot be compelled, of Silefia ftrpulated by that treaty 5 but like other men, in an adverfe way, by a vpon all thefe occafions we threw away court of juftice. So fcrupuloufly did Eng- onr guaranty of Silefia without any con- land, France and Spain adhere to this federation 5 and he has now ftarted a dif- publick faith, that, even during the war, ficulty which, I am afraid, will render they fuffered no enquiry to be made, wbe- tfae ejection of a king of the Romans im- ther any part of the publick debts was practicable, during the life of the prefent due to fubjecis of the enemy, tho* it is emperor. « certain, many Engli/h had money in the However, my lords, let it be pra&ica- * French funds, and many French had mo- ble or impracticable, itjs ridiculous in us, ney in ours. in our prefent circumftances, to become This loan to the late emperor of Ger- the purchasers of its practicability ; and many, Charles VI. in January, 1734-5, tho* either houfe of parliament might re- was not a ftate tranfadion, but a mere fesffe to grant any fum of money for this private contract with the lenders, who or'nny other fuch purpofe, yet when our advanced their money, upon the empe- gJttltign has concluded a treaty, and has ror's obliging himfelf, his heirs and poftc- ged to pay fuch afahfidy, or fuch a G rity, to repay the principal with interest, of money, there are many gentle- at the rate, in the manner, and at the in the other' fioute, and I am per- times in the contract mentioned, without funded, many of your lordihbs, who any delay, demurr, deduction, or abate- wfeald W under a very* great difficulty, ment whatfoever ; and, led the words aosl votrid be extremely forry to rciuie to and inftrumentt made ufe of fhould not March, 1753, * be Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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U4 Conclusion y the Report about the Silefia Loan. March be ftrong enough, he promifcs to fecure money from foreigners. Therefore, fup- the performance of his contract, in and pofing, for a moment, that his Pruffian by fuch other jnftruments, method, man- nsajeliy's complaint was founded in juf* ner, form, and words, as mould be moft tice, and the law of nations, and that he effectual and valid, to bind the faid em- ' had a right to make rcprifals in general, peror, his heirs, fucceflbrs and pofterity, he could not, confident with his engage- or as the lenders mould reafonably deme. ments to the emprefs- queen, feize this As a fpecifick real fecurity, he mort- ^ money as rcprifals. Befldes, this whole gaged his revenues, anting from the debt, according to the contract, ought to dutchtcs of Upper and Lower Silefla, for have been difcharged in 1745* Jt &ould, payment of principal and intereft j and in refpeit of the private creditors, u> juf- the whole debt, principal and intereft, tice and equity, be confide red, as if the was to be difcharged in the year 1745. ^ contract had been performed 5 and the the money could not be paid out of the Pruflian complaints do not begin till revenues of Silefla, the emperor, his heks 1746, after the whole debt ought to have • and pofterity, (till remained debtors, and been paid. were bound to pay. The eviction or de- B Upon this principle of natural juftiee, ftruOion of a thing mortgaged, does not French (hips and effects, wrongfully extinguish the debt, or diftharge the taken, after the Spanim war, and before* debtor. the French war, have, during the heat Therefore the emprefs- queen, without of tho war with France, and fince, been the confent of the lenders, made it a reftored by fentence of your majefty'e condition of her yielding the dutchtes of courts, to the French owners. Nofoch Silefia to his Pruflian majefty, that he (hips or effects ever were attempted to> mould (land in the place of the late em- Q be confiscated, as enemies property here, peror, in refped of this debt. during the war j becaufe, had it not beets The feventh of the preliminary articles, for the wrong firft done, thefe effects between the queen of Hungary and tha would not have been in your majefty'e king of Pruflia, ftgned at Bieflau, Jme dominions. So, had not the contract xi, 174a, is in thefe words 5 " Sa maje- been firft broke, by non-payment of trio lie le roi de Prufle fa charge du feul paye^ whole loan in 1745, thii money would ment de la fomme hypothequee for la- Si~ not have been in his Pruflian majefty'* lefie, auz marchands Anglois, felon le ~ hands. contract fign6 & Londres, le 7me de Jan- ** Your majefty* s guarantee of thefe tree* vier, 1734-5*** ties is entire, and muft therefore depend This ftipulation is confirmed by the upon the fame conditions, upon which ninth article of the treaty between their the ceflion was made by the emprefs-* laid majefties, figned at Berlin, Jury aS, queen. 1741. But this reasoning is, in fome meafure, Alfo renewed and confirmed by tho fuperfluous ; becaufe, if the making any fccond article of the treaty between their rcprifals, upon this occanon, be unjuftifi- faid majefties, figned at Drefden, Dec. 25, E able, which we apprehend we have 1745. (hewn, then it is not difputed, but that In confideration of the emprefs-queen's the non-payment of this money would be ceflion, his Pruflian majefty has engaged to a breach of his Pruflian majefty** engage* her, that he will pay this money, " felon ments, and a renunciation, on his pert, le contract,* ' an(* confequently has bound of thofe treaties. himfelf to ftand in the place of the late All which is moft humbly fubmit- emperor, in refpeel of this money, to ail ted to your majefty** royal wif- intents and purpofes. p dom. The late emperor could not have fetzed Gao. Laau this money, as rcprifals, or even in cafe January 18, O. Paul. of open war between the two nations, 1753. D. Rtdh, becaufe his faith was engaged to pay it, W. Mors- at* without any delay, demurr, deduction, . . or abatement whatfoever. If thefe words R*M*"8 m * *«■**** mtttUd, Some mould not extend to all pofliblc cafes, he £C*CX10?S **€"jb%?h' 8tbi *nd 9th had plighted his honour to bind himfelf, Vtrfes of the Hd. Chapter of Geiacfia. by any other form of words, more ef-G T ^ AUTHOR of the LONDON fcaually to nay the money $ and there- ** MAGAZINE, fore was liable at any time to be called upon, to declare exprefsly, that it mould SIR, not be felled, as reprifels, or in cafe of T HAD the plearare of reading Mr. Hol- war ; which is very commonly exprefled, X ioway** originals food after they were •hen fovercign princes, orates, borrow publiihesV Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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1753- A Criticifm on a Paffage in GENESIS. 115 pub&fhcd, in which I found a great ma- This author fays, it is derived from ny curious and ufeful ihftrudions 5 and fcN3« to break, irritum facert, & avnibi- on hearing that there was a pamphlet lore (to which he might add, to fubvcrt, publifhed, wherein the author had endea* to overthrow) and CPDiy ; from which ▼oared to prove Mr. Hqllo way's notions *' it will fignify to break tht heavens or air, •fc the foul to be falfe, I was defirous of which all animals may with propriety feeing it, in order to be convinced of my enough be faid to do by the act of breath- erroneous opinion thereon, if I was in j± '"&-" So nerc» w* find, he does from the wrong, his own etymology aflure us, that by As foon as I got this pamphlet, I be- HDIPJ we are to underftand the animal gan to lead it with great attention, ha*- aft of breathing, or animal foul. This tng, at the fame time, Mr. Holloway' s he thinks is the primary or proper fenfe, originals before me 5 that I might there- and when it is applied in an intellectual by be able to judge on whole fide the or fpiritual fenfc it is fecondary, from truth lay. whence, he fays, *' it may be concluded, This author tells us, the reafon where- n and that pretty flrongly too, that the lore he attacked Mr. Holloway, wa«> ** component parts of nDU/3 arc fc$ft (in that feme time ago, he had drawn up a Hiphil, to break or alter the confidence paraphrafe on Gen. ii. 7, S, 9, wherein of) and rjvp the Angular of CP£tt% he thought he had given a clearer light of the heavens or air, and the n feminine, the original fenfe than had been yet done j together taken HOttO*" but finding Mr. Holloway to give a diffe- Was I to give its etymology, I mould rent fenfc to fome of the words in thefe derive it from H3fc*> to impel or drive verfcs, from what he had done, he by force, fctfj to break, to fu overt, to thought it incumbent on him, to prove C overthrow, and Q\I/ the lingular of h» own interpretation to be the true one, 0*WP the heavens or airs. So by rifcUJJ, againft what Mr. Holloway had faid to I think, we mutt underftand the animal the contrary. foul, or that material expansion or bcli- The thing about which thefe two gen* t*s within, which has a power, by its tlemen differed, is concerning the fenfe of action, to force out of the lungs that p**n riDUO ; for which reafon, in the grofs air or QWfiem which is there, and following obfervations, I mall confine by its heat and force to break to pieces* snyfclf to thefe two words only. -. and fo fubvert or altet the confidence of This gentleman fays, that by HOOT. tne S1"6*? a,r 5 after ^bich, by being we are to underftand (he fpiritual, or broke into fmaller particles, it is made immaterial part of man only. On the . incapable to condenfe this n£U>3 pro- contrary, Mr. Holloway fays, that HDUO ceeding from within, and Co to aflift and signifies, ftrictly and properly, the animal fupport the a&ion of breathing j (this ibul, or the material power or expanfion quality of the air may alfo be deftroyed within, but fs (btaetimes applied, in a by any power that will break to pieces or snore -extended and higher fenfe, tore- make fmaller the particles of air, as fire, prefent the immaterial or fpiritual foul ; E &c) F°r> •* Mr» Holloway has well ob- particnlarly in Ifai. lvii. »6, and this ex- ferved, the action of breathing is per- plication of Hebrew words is agreed on formed from the reciprocal powers of the by tnoft, (even by the author himfelf, air without, and the animal or material p. 144) vie. that all words in the facred expanfion or (team from within. The language were firft applied to material weight of the atmofphere prefles the air things $ after which they were ufcd to into the lungs j where it remains till the Teprefcnt fpiritual, or mental ; of which expanfion or balitus from within, is nf we can form no ideas but only by the „ a fufticient ftrength to overpower the help of material. * weight of the atmofphere without, and In order to underftand the meaning of thereby to force it out of the lungs ; which thefe words the better, I (hall ftrft confi~ power from within, continues acting till tier what each word fignifies apart j af- its ftrength is fo far fpent that the atmo- ter which we (hall be the better able to fphere overcomes It, and fo forces itfelf tcnow their true fenfe when united. • again into the lungs ; where it conti- Mr. Holloway, as this author obfervet, nues till the animal expanfion or balitus has not anaryfed 7TOUtti as he has done within, is fo far recruited as to perform a great many other words $ but from the Q the fame action as before j which two number of examples he has given of actions therefore Mr. Holloway has called others, it will not be a difficult matter the reciprocal action of breathing. to «§o the fame by this $ and, as this gen- As to rTT> this author obferves, that tleman fcems to lay fome ftrefs upon this word, when plural, is peculiarly ap- that method, let us fee to which of thefe plied to man, and never to other animals aaacbors it will lend its affiflancc. 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1 1 6 A Criticifm on a Paffage in G E N E S I S. March bet where man is concerned } therefore, becaufe I do not know, tbit he has given its being plural muft be, becaufe roan any reafon for the plurality of it. What has a life fuperior or more excellent than I imagine to be the reafon of O^n being animals. plural is, becaufe man is compounded In the above observation, I think,' of two fouls or lives, an animal and a this author it right, and has well ob« fpiritual, or a material and an immaterial, ftrved, that the reafons that authors have i. e. an immaterial or fpiritual, more than given why Q»n is plural, is not it all a animals} and a material one, the fame tatisfattcry ; but then I cannot help ob- as animals; notwith (landing this author fei ving, but that I think, the reafon our has' declared, in (b peremptory a man- author affigns has its objections as well aa nee, that the fouls of brutes are im? the re/l. material ; which I think, to ufe the aju- This gentleman thinks it is plural, thor's expreffton, " is certainly not fo when applied to man, becaufe bis im- exact as one could have wifbed in fa material or fpirifttaJL foul is capable of learned a writer." two lives, one here and the other here/ Aa thU gentleman (ays he cannot be* after : But, 1 think, he feems a little ° Ueve that brutes have' material fouls* confeious, that, as it was applied to man without fome appearance in the mate- before he finned, and therefore, if man rial world fuffictent to fupport this opi- had continued in his fate of innocence nion, or fome palTage of facred writ ex- he would not have died j fo this muft prejfly revealing it, fo I mall endeavour be an infuperable difficulty to bis inter- to give him fome (atiffa&ion in both proration. But, fays be, " it were reafon- thefe points j but wiU firft make one. able to expeft, that after a certain term, observation $ which it* that the reafon man would have been transferred from Q he is fo confufed when he fpeaks of the this prefent habitation to fome other foul of man, feems to be becaufe he talk* manfions, altbo* he had never finned, Ojf its fpiritual nature only ; not coo ft - and from hence incurred a temporal dering it is joined to a material one, that death. In this cafe indeed the thread we may thereby have proper ideas of of life would never have been broken by material bodies, a mortal diifolution, and confequeatly Now, that the fouls pf the beafU are in that view, it would have been but materia), feems to be expreflcd in EccJef* one; yet if we confider how totally _ iii. 21. whcpe.it is faid# Who kmxvab thi dirTeient the future life muft have been **Jprrit of the font of man that gottb vpwtrd, from the p.ejcnt temporal one, even in W the fpirit of theUajk tb*t goetb dtrwn- this cafe we may notwithstanding, 1 think, viard to the earth? This text exprefljr look upon them a* two lives, or widely tells us, that the fouls of the beafts are dif-r different ftates of exiiience." terent from the foul of man j and wo The above quotation is fo full of in- have gtjeat reafon to. conclude man's to confiftencies and contradictions, that I be immaterial or fpiritual, by being re- ihall make no farther obfervations there- prefented to afcend, and beafti to be mar on ; but that I think it is of itfeif fufficient £ terial by being represented to go down* to overthrow his interpretation of the ward to the earth j and that man hat plurality of Qt>n ; but ftilj farther, it two fouls, a material and a fpiritual, is generally allowed, that the fpiritual feems plainly expteffcd by Job xxvik x. or immaterial part of a good man does All the while t*y breath it in toe, and thf not die ; and, I think, in this fenfe the fo$ri$ cf God is in «r* no/lrils* Here tfeeo fcriptures describe it j for it is faid, John we have mention made of botk the (bud* *i. 51. If snymon eat of this breads he of man, the material and fpiritual; the Jhall live for tvery and in this fenfe the D material one is here wpfefented by nfc\P5> author himfelf feems to agree, p. 6. ^ which is the very word this author wouk} «« For, fays he, does not foul generally im* have always to point out to us the im- ply in it the idea of life ? and therefore, material or fpiritual •; and the immaterial is not a Irving foul a palpable and ufelefe or fpiritual is mentioned direfily alter it ttutology ?" Now, therefore, Q^n can? by rV^fci fin- not be plural to exprefs the double life Voluntary motion and the (enftttonp of the immaterial foul here and hereafter, in the inferior animals, may not be fo becaufe it muft not be considered as ftcw» much above the properties, of matter an but one life. q this author imagines r only the reafbs* I fhall now beg leave to offer what I wherefore we are not commonly fo well take to be the reafon why Qi*p is only able to account for them,, or understand applied to man, or where man is con- them, is, that we want to know the pro- cerned, tho* this is, to ufe the author's perties of matter better j whereby thefe, phrafe (as to Mr. Holloway} or gbuudanti j perhaps, as well as a great many other . 1 thingev, Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1753. A Rhyming Question, (ft. 417 thines, would be better accounted for ; and ever fo many pieces (fo that each piece will 00 fo when philofophy is more under- ha$ an eye or place from whence veger i}c*od. ^ tation proceeds) each piece in a proper Voluntary motion by inftintl feems time will produce an entire polypus, not at all inconfiftent with matter $ fof Tlie fame thing may be performed with if we confider the gradation from animals a a;reat many frees and flirubs j as fot to vegetables, we lhall find that there inftance, a willow* cut it in ever fo many are fome animals, which exceed vegetables j^ pieces, fo that each piece hat an eye left, but very little in fenfation, motion, &c. plant it in a proper place, and in due And, I think, few or none ever yet time a compleat tree will be produced j thought vegetables to have immaterial and as it is allowed by raoft, that all our Ibuls j for inrtance, as to voluntary moT JimfU ideas enter by material fenfations, tion, we find many animals which hav^ ©r by the material ienfes, of confequence little or none, as an oyfter, mufde, &c. -there mud be a material ftnfiry j and 4nd, on the contrary, we fee vegetables I think, there is np great difference id that have fo far a Dower of motion a^ allowing this, and our allowing that we tp direft their growth to things or places, *> have a material as well as an immaterial the mod convenient for them, as ivy, foul. and all the climbing kind $ and it is ob- From what has been faid, we may be ierved in gardening, that trees or (hrubs^ iatisfied, that r\l&V\ h ufed in the fame that have ftood a long lime in one place, manner as moil or all other Hebrew words have always longer roots than others' $ are, i. e* they are firft applied to materiaj which is abfolutely neceflary ; for afre,r; things, that thereby we may have fome they have fed on and confumed all the, idea of their figoifications, when applied vegetable matter in the place they were. Q to immaterial : and from hence we $rft planted in, it feems nece/fary they, may conclude, tnat nfcto}* in its primary dtould fend their roots at a diftance from idea, fignifies the animal or material &e tree or flirub, in order to fetch in fouj j but is fometimes ufed to reprefent proper food for the fupport of tn« faid tree. the immaterial or fpiritual 5 and whea ^r mrub. D^n is joined with it, both fpiritual Then, as to fenfation, an oyfter feems; and .animal are meant. And from the to have little more fenfation than the context, it feems plain, that by HD\PJ humble or fenfitive plant j for, on touch- p^Htf Gen. ii. 2. 7. both the fpiritual tpg the oyfter, when it is open,, it im- j) and animal foul of man are undcrftood ; mediately contracts or clofes its /hells. j for as it is agreed that by \J}&2 we muft a/id fo the fenfiiive plant, on being touch- underftand the organical part of the hif- ed* immediately contracts jtfelfj and what man frame, either with, or without fife, the moving or acting caufe of the con: fo, by HTI \tfS3 we are not to under/land traction of the fenfitivq plant is, has been Itvingfcuj, but only living creatures ; and if proved to demonftratiort, to be light or fo, then the fen fe of (Jen. ii. 7. will be", £tut 5 for if in fummer-time you leave, that the. Lord Cod formed, the man .froija t^he plant in the open air, which is then the duft of tjie earth $ after .which he warm enough in our climate to fuofift * breathed into him the breath of lives. the plant, yet it lofes . that quality of and thereby gave the man a fpiritual foul contraction or fenfation ; but put it on pr life, and with it an animal or material '5 a hot bed, under a frame, and the plant by the latter of which man was a living will foon recover its fenfitive quality. creature; or in other words, was a hu- This (hews us, that the fenfitive quality man frame, endowed with motion, fen- of that plant, proceeds from material light fation, £cc. , crbeat-y and that, whenever this plant has, s I & *' .'« a fbfficient quantity of light in proportion W __ * . +*','' . „ . * ' • to its other fluids, it alls as above de- * V J" \riblf **&"***»"* **!">:*** fcribed ; but on the contrary, whenever ™!l tj"fe 'f "fi" " ^J0"'*-^1 Lo/ii' this proportion of light is wanting,' it don %*&***, J" *M chttge federal tf lofes That quality. If this action of the J»ur Readtrs> an* tarticukrh, fenfitive plant proceeds from the material . . . A^tenjtsrtt One, && light being mixed in a proper quantity TTTHETHER there is a word in our with the other juices, who can deny bu* W language, that Will rhyme to the that animal fenfetion may proceed fromn word MONTH ? Several ingenious gtn- thc fame caufe ? ' >* tlemen of my acquaintance think there Befides, we <haH be farther confirmed is not, and I am of the fame opinion. in this opinion, if we confider the account Note, it muft rhyme to the four laft let- we have of the polypus, which, I think, ters ; for there are fome few woYds that ha« always been ranked among the ani- will rhyme to the three laft. mals j for we find, that cut a polypus into ?* Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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ii8 Remarks on Air. WhistonV Character. March- whether I could with a fafe coufcienct %>tbe PR I NTE R f/r^LORDON determine on the fide of rhe Athanafians. MAGAZINE. *-My anfwer is, that, fuch evidence, as you have given for your caofc, would not SIR, be accepted in any court by any upright THE writer of the life of the late Dr. judge, and confequently you may eafily Rogers, vicar of St. Giles's Cripple- conclude what the judgment muft be t gate, obferves that u Some eminent men, ^ Nay, I will add, that fuch a witneft who have diftinguiftied themselves in fome would hardly efcape unpuniihed 5 for 'tis important points, as no friends to the his duty to (peak the truth and the whole church of England by law eftabhOted, truth : But to mif-tranflate your authors, tiave been honoured with magnificent en- to cite them by halves, and with Acs. comiunw j and that fuch marks of refpe& leaving our plain and exprefs aflcrtions fceftowed on their memory, feem to have againft you, and adding of your own to given an air of credit and triumph to them j to diftort their plain words, and their Angularities j and the lets decerning to interpret, or rather to declare dogma- part of mankind, from having mens per- B tically their meaning contradictory to fons in admiration, are apt to be led un- what they fay, is fuch a proceeding,. at awares into the approbation of their prin- |$ no left than an attempt to impofe up- ciples." This juf| obfervation moved me on mankind in the moft provoking man- to take fome notice of the late Mr. Whif- ner." ton's character, that has been (b pom- And again, page 73, his lordraip (ays, poufly fet off in the pubTick prints. He «* I mould now according to your method was, indeed, a man of great abilities, fum up the evidence on both (ides ; but and made aconfiderable figure in the learn* q when I confider bow few text* of fcrip- ed world ^ but integrity, and love of ture you have cited, and how ftrangely truth are qualities that he had not fo good you have mifconftrued and mifapplied a title to as the writer of his character af- them j and how you have mangled your ferts he had : On the contrary, it appears, testimonies, by leaving out, and putting in many inflances, that he was nocori- in wbatfoever fuited your purpofe, 1 may oufly wanting in both. The compafs of very juftly fay, as you do, it is not ne- your paper will not allow me to produce ccflary to divide them under two heads, many testimonies, and therefore I mail for you may be faid to have made evi- *at prefent mention only two. The firft, D dence, but to have produced none. So In order of time, is a fermon preached that if renouncing your firft Caith into before the univerfity of Oxford Upon the which you were baptized, be a falling feaft of Epiphany, in the year 171 1, and away, and that be a crucifying the Sen foon after publifhed by Hi. Ibbetfon, pf Cod afrefti, I doubt we cannot fay for A. M. fellow of Oriel college in Oxford, the fame reafon, for which our Saviour Mr. Ibbetfon, having in many inftanees prayed for them who actually did crucify fhewed the unfair practices of Mr. Whif- him, Father, forrivt than, for th*y incw ton as a writer of controverfy, concludes 0 «* what they do. his fcrmon in this manner1--*' What is Thefe authors have fufliciently made l»opery and prieftcraffc if this be not fo ? goo pafftges, to guard the unwary from the fwer to Mr. Whifton, expre/Tes himfelf danger of being led into error, by enter- in the following manner. " You bid mining too great an opinion of his fince- me, fays he, fiippofe myfelf in a court riry and regard to truth. of judicature, and review the evidence I (hall not concern myfelf with the you have produced, and then conflder other parts of Ins character farther than to Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1753- DHpatem * Mathematical Question. 119 to obferve, en paflant, that from thofe fubtle and eteftick fubftance diffufed thro* memoir* he frahtiJhed of himfelf, and hit the univerfe— He is of opinion, that fuch friend Dr. Clarke, he" does not feem to a fubftance may produce this, and other hare had any extraordinary (hare of hit- eflfeds alfo in nature, tho' it be fo rare ai anility, gratitude or charity. not to give any fenfible refiftance to bodies I am in motion j and therefore not inconfirtent Yours, &c. with what has been faid above, that the If may amftoer t§ the aberve letter he fens »*, ^ planets move in (paces free from refift- vr jb*U, ms impartiality Mgn us, readily ance.'* A universal fluid then, we fee, infart it. is the grand caufe and agent, in Sir Ifaac's opinion, but fuch an one as might not T*tbe AUTHOR •£ the LONDON obftru& the planets and other bodies MAGAZINE. moving in it, and all the vacuum he meant was a fubtle and elaftick fubftance, SIR, readily pervading all bodies, and expand - IT is always a fettled principle with me R ed thro* the whole heavens, as himfelt* to acknowledge a fault or miftake B expreflTes it— Opt. p. 324. This Mr. when convinced of it, (and if every one Hutchinfon has undertaken to demon- would do the fame, we mould not fo of- (Irate the reality of— to (hew from fcrip- teo have the grofleft abfurdities impofed, ture and nature, that the earth and on the world, coloured and varnimed planets are placed in the heavens, which over with (pecioes though fallacious ax- are fuch a fluid, and that fo far is it fuments to fupport them.) In conformi- from being any hindrance to their raoti- ty to which principle, I freely own the on, that it is the caufe and producer o£ aohtake Mr. Stone charges me with, (in C it, the impulfe behind being mechanical- your Magazine for Jan. lad p. 34) which ly contrived to be always greater than I di/covered long ago, but when it was the refinance before the moving body a too late to recal the letter. which, if it can once be fairly made out, I allow the truth of his remarks ex- and clearly explained, I humbly think, cepting one particular, (which (hews how anfwers all the objections that can poffi- eafy it is to err) where this gentleman af- bly be raifed againft motion in a plenum. farts, that the three fides of a trapezium For the great difficulty in this cafe (if I ■light be the feme length, and the fourth, j\ apprehend the matter right) has been, to compleat the figure, ten times, tec, that tho' we fuppofe the fluid which con- longer or (horter j which be would do (litotes this plenum to be in itfelf ever well to reconfider, fines (to ufe his own fo rare, yet when a fufRcient quantity of words) it is felf- evident, all the varieties it is amafled together to conftitute one, that fourth fide is capable of, are confined it rauft afford a very great and fenfible whhin the limits of the fum of the other refinance to folids fwimming in it, accord- three fides. But dropping this fubject al- ing to the P feu do- Newtonian plan, by together, forces diftincl from the impulfe of tho lam, yours, &c. E fluid itfelf j which, it is prefumed, ' would J. N. clog and impede, and finally put a flop* to their motion. But if, according to Ta tbt AV THOU of the LONDON Sir Ifaac's pure and unadulterated fenti- MAGAZINE. ments concerning caufes, the impulfe of the fluid be itfelf the caufe of the body's SIR, motion, (as will be fhewn below) the cafe AS I have a queftion to put to the in- is widely different. And then, if it can be genious Mr. Home, author of The p proved, that the parts of this fluid plenum State of the Cafe between Sir Ifaac Newton are by a conftant circulation continually amd Mr. Hutchinfon, I muft defire the changing places with each other, and by favour of you to infert what follows t that means thole which lie on one Me a Mr. Home, in his date of the cafe, body made rarer, or confiding of parti- writes as follows * " Sir Ifaac's opinion cles of a fmaller fixe than thofe which an general concerning the great agent in lie on the other, nothing can be more stature* I (hall give in the words of Dr. eafily conceived or accounted for, than Pemberton. View, p. 376, fpeaking of the motion of a body in (uch circum- the avAion of light, he (ays — " Wttat the^y fiances towards that part where the fluid power in nature is, whereby this action is rarer. The denfe fluid behind pu filing between light and bodies is caufed, our hard againft it would impel it forwards, author has not difcovered— He' has in ge- the rarer fluid before receding by the neral hinted his opinion concerning it ; fides and thro* the pores of it. There cfeat probably it is owing to feme very would be no need of the lead portion of ■ Afacwum, Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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f 16 Cafe between Sir I. Newton md Mr. Hutchkfbn. March vacuum, cither for the folk! of fluid to in a circle round the Itai, turning them move into. The folid wants no more at the faifce time on their own axis J. than- Us own tyace, which it always car* Thefe, he fays* ire the true powers and lies with it, and the ports of the fluid agents in nature, ill her operations de* Only fhift their ftations with refpec* to pending upon this one plain and Ample one another, wHich they doinftantaneouf- principle, that whenever any part of the ly within as well is without the body^ medium is rarefied, or made finer than one particle taking the place of another ^ the reft §, the adjacent denfe and more exaftly as the other leaves it, without grofs ones rufh in, to fupplj and fill it 4tny time or (pace intervening. I hope up, and reduce all to an equilibrium again ^ I hive exprefled myfelf clearly upon this carrying with them any thing that hap- floint, and muft beg the reader's ferloos pens to be in their way. And were I to and attentive confidcration of it, as it is ^ offer a conjecture upon the origin of at- a very important one, and a proper cxa- ' tradion among the antients, it mould be mination and difcurfioti qf it may great- this— They attributed the motion of a ly conduce to a final determination of body towards any rarefleU part of the* Chat firft and grand article in all philofo- B medium, e. g. the fun, to a power in that phy, the phyfical caufe and continuation! part, which feerned to (uck and draw it of motion in this material fyftem. to itfelf, as not feeing the impulflve powv That the power of gravity itfelf uSotild er behind, which drove it to that part,4 he owing to fiich a medium as this we only becaufe there was lead refiftante have been fpeaking of, Sir Ifaac, Dr. there. Sir Ifaac, we fee, has very hapjfril/ Pemberton tells us • in another place,- difcarded this erroneous notion, and re- thinks it not impoflmle. And in his ftored the true power impulfe again — Optics, p. 325, he has hinted at the man- Q '< The fluid, fays he, nujyfofike to impel ner in which it may be performed, viz. bodies wfth all that force or impulfe? by the medium being u rarer at the which we call gravity/' A circumftaneo denfe bodies of the fun, flars, planets, well meriting the attention of all philofc-r and comets, than in the celeftial fpaces pWs, upon more accounts than one $ between them," fo that " If the elaftic mice if the fluid acts by impulfe from' force of this medium be exceeding great, one end of the heavens to the other, it may fuffice to impel bodies from the from the fun to the orb of Saturn and denfer parts of the medium towards the r\ the fixed ftars, muft not all the parta of rarer, with all that force, or impulfe, u it be m the cfofeft contact ? Otherwiftf which we call gravity f ." All this like- could they impel each other ? And then,' wife Mr. Hutchinfon has endeavoured if there was but a cubic foot of void fully to prove j to (hew, that this medi- fbace m the fyftem, as there is fuch at Dm is rareft at the fun, where, for that ftreft and preflure upon all the parts of reafon, there is a continual preffing in it, muft not contact and hnpune ceafey of the denfer parts from the circumfe- and all fall into confufion, as an arc** rence of the heavens ; that there is like- does when one of the ftones that com* wife a rarefaction conftantly and fuccef- E pofe it is withdrawn ? And if fo, mutt flvely caufed by the heat of the fun at the we not upon the true Newtonian princi- iurface of the earth and planets, which' pies bid that long miftaken and much gives an opportunity for the denfe parts- loved notion of a vacuum, interftitial a» pouring in thither as conftantly and fuc- well as abfolute, finally farewel, and ceflively to impel and force them forwards find out fome other fponge for atheifti- Cal • Page 406* •J* " If Qr, Pemberton from this would Jlrike attraclion, gravity, &c. out of Sir HkaC Newton s books, and put in impulfe by eether, they would in many placet be true.** Hutch* vol, v. p. 271. J The reader may perhaps obtain a more fatiifoBory idea of the manner of this operatiod than I can give him, from a well known electrical experiment, Jbewu by the' ingenious Mr* Rackftrow, in Fleet- ftreet—^f large copper globe being placed in the centre, and a fmallor <mo of glafs in a circular groove at fomediftance from it, tie clcclrical ftream conveyed to the cen- tral globe irradiates from thence againft that hemifphen of the fmall glafs one turned towards it, as the light from the fun does againft the earth, and planets 5 and produces exaclly the fan* *jfc8, the glafs glsbe being caufed by it to revolve upon its own axis round the copper one — rVhat it is that moves the planets, cannot etfier this, I think, be difputed by any rcafonaoic p erf on. jtuS if the fun, by the Jtrtam of matter it fends forth, be the agent that gives the earth its motion^ Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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Lunar Eclipse : Tranfit $f Mercury. 121 1753 cal fyftems ? — The (kilful in phyfics will give us their opinions. From the words, interfiitial as we// at m&folute, and from what Mr. Home has faid of an abfolute vacuum in nature, which he calls the abfurdeft of all doc- trines, p. 45, we may fee, that he will by no meant admit of a vacuum of any fort : Now the queftion I have to put to him, is, how is it poflible to conceive his fluid medium to be denfer or rarer in one place than in another, if we do not fup- pofe a vaft number of interfiitial vacui- .ties to be in that place where it is rarer ? It feems to me, that we mull admit of fach vacuities, or we muft fuppofe that they are rilled by a fluid more fubtil, and of a nature different from the for- mer ; and this, I fear, will be looked on as a vifionary fuppofition or hypothecs, unfupported by any experiment. As to the electrical experiment mentioned in his note above, we have from thence fome reafon to fuppofe, that there is fuch an electrical ftream continually iffuing from the fun, and that this may poflibly be the caufe of the motions of the planets ; but no one, I believe, will fuppofe, that this electrical ftream is the more denfe or powerful, the farther it reaches from the center of the electrified body j fince we know by experiment, that it reaches but to a certain diftance, and grows the lefs powerful the farther it' is diftant from the electrified body. That there is fuch a fluid as light, and that it is more fubtil, and of a nature ve- ry different from air, we know by many experiments ; therefore we may very reasonably, and I may fay, experimental- ly fuppofe, that the interftitial vacuities of rarified air are filled with this fluid, called light 5 but if we fuppofc that this fluid called light may be denfer in one place and rarer in another j as we cer- tainly muft from the effects of burning glaiTes, or lenfes, and from what we call heat, and fire, which are only different degrees of the denfity or rarity of this fluid called light j then we muft allow that there are interftitial vacuities in thi6 fluid a : fuppofe that tl [uid ftill more (i t nature from tl vhich, as I have iticn not founde< r deduci- ng, fo ly cffecls we ha^ if our in- ferring zine will oblige, SIR, Oxford, Your conftant reader, and March 9, 1753. humble fcivaw. March, 1753, O' N Tuefday, April 17, 1753, in t,ie -w evening, there will be a partial and vifible eclipfe of the moon. As the time of the greateft obfeuration (when 5 and I digits will be eclipfed) will hav« elapfed prior to the moon*s rifing, we have only exhibited the type for, and time A of, the end. The end At London I Edinburgh J Dublin 53 m. aft. 7] 41 m. aft. 7 J 25 m. aft. 7. ON Sunday, May 6, 1753, in the morning, the planet Mercury will tranfit the fun's diflc : By the help of an ordinary telefcope.he may be feen as a black fpot therein ; he will flrft be in con- tad with the eaftern limb of the fun at 50 min. after 2 nearly j the middle of the tranfit will be at about 49 min. after 6 ; and the end thereof, when he will leave the fun's weftern limb, at 49 min. af- n ter to nearly ; fo that the time that u will clapfe during the whole tranfit will be almoft S hours. Account of the ntiv Traredy of The Earl of Essex, as it is atledat the Theatre- Royal in Covent- Garden, tvitb great Aftlauft. p, Written by Mr. Henry Jokes. The Persons are, The earl of Effex. Mr. Barry. Earl of Southampton. Mr. Smith. Lord Burleigh. Mr. Sparkes. Sir Walter Raleigh. Mr. Ufhec Lieutenant of the Tower. Mr. Bran/by. Queen Elizabeth. Mrs. Bland. Countefs of Rutland. Mrs. Cibber. G Countefs of Nottingham. Mrs. Vin- cent. Lords, ladies, and attendants. THE new tragedy of Ibe earl ef EJfex differs not in plot from the old one of Banks, but in language there can b« Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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122 Account of /£ fhe had lent pofitive orders, till he had to his trial, and YeavtVhmi wnfth Siftfe- conquered Tir-Oen, and fixed die peace amptbh, who crtoeittouTs *to calkp'tts of Ireland. G pdflion, but all in vafn 9 tflbx goet G»t Aa. II. Burleigh, after telling Raleigh breathing revenge andtofeafen. Eflex was returned contrary to the queen's A€t IV. The queen and Notttafcjfifth commands, fends him for Nottingham, appear, the latter relating how Eflbx • to Whom he tells it alfo. The queen and was overpowered. Itarteigh come) las court appear. She deeply enraged at his and gives account how fifcx and tilt p! ciumptjon, Burleigh relates the people's fiitads Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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I j$%. Account of tie Tragedy of the Earl of Ess ix. 1 2 j friends had met at Drury-Houfe in con- the Mock, his (hewing her to the officer, foliation to fciae the queen, and ftir up and his prayer for her, when he exits, a rebellion, but he and His friends had are all as finely* 6tted to draw tears, as conquered and taken them prifoners, ever any fcene was, and tho* much praife among whom wa* atfo Southampton. U due to the performers, the author The queen, ajfer a long foUloquy, (ends deferves a mar* as a poet, for Wex, woo if brought in difarmed, >Vhen Iflex is gone to execution, Rut- *nd left alone with her- He js ovpr- £ land revives. The queen comes and gives whelmed with Oiame, (he mews fom* orders to ftop the execution (be com- ibnw, pitief, and on his fubmiffion par- forts Rutland, and Burleigh enters, telle don* him, but teli$ him #»« cannot faye her her orders came too late, thc carl him from the law. He begs fur leave w*s dead $ the queen rages at him, who to e*cuft bimfrlf j fye grants it, and he to excufe himfelf relates the treachery extenuates bis crimes by urging his too of Nottingham, which he had ju A learned hafty temper, and his too quick fen- frpm her confeJRon in defpair. The queen fbility 0/ difgrace- She then gives him then fummons up her fortitude, and the a ring, with promise, if he is condemned, * play ends. and will fend that to her, in lieu of it hng Burleigh, fte *n* him guarded out. ^.. FiiIdinc'i 'Propofal for making Her attendant! come to her, and after an effcdlua, Provifion for the Pooa! another long feetcb afide, Rutland rushes aj,. AlC9ck ^ >w .^^ , p-w- in, throws herfelf at the queen s feet, and fbltt cn tbifane ^Hf t0 ^ be h fearful of I£e*, to move the queen t9 . J,^ w ^ertiJimtnti **> f Xlt$' /jM «*W* the £,J of loft ScJUn,,lS Aay. Scene, a room in the tower. /, bas ^^ u mn:tiJ b,i Piifor^anc(m Raleigh aequawtf the Untenant of the rbe ^^.^a^j pampbia is iMUU, tower the earU were, condemned, and were Remarks on two Bills for the better to die this dey; Nottingham enters, Maintenance of the Poor, £V*. In a fta* for the earl of Met, who comes D j^, to Member of ParHa: to her m mourning, gives her the ring u ment. From wb;cb w fall givs tbefrf. |o carry to the queen, and beg her to iffU,ia£ Extraa*. give him and hi* friends their lives. Scene the court. Nottingham enters TIT J IT fj all due deference to the judg- to the queen, who was impatient for, yV ment of perfons of fu peri or ta- her return ; ihe tells her JUfex was pre- lents and itations, I muft teg leave to fay, pared Jfer death, fafriti it, railed on that I think both of thefe" ills are liable the queen, and defied her mercy. JJot- to fome very arterial objeclions. That tingham is Arongly questioned by the E by Sir R d L d, which was £i (I •ueen for the ring, /he denies he gave introduced, allowing it to be right, as far mmr any. Elizabeth now fired to an as it goes, certainly flops too lhort and height, drives her out, and after a Jong does not go far enough. The title is on- felf-deoete, exits to the tower. ly9 " A Bill for the better Maintenance Scene the chamber in the tower. We and Employment of Poor Children.** have now a moil mafterly fcene between This is taking in but a very fmall part of the Offering earls. Southampton reugns the noor. For chargeable children, 1 am bimfelf tor deaUi, but Eflcx gives him p periuaded, do not make a fourth part aiTurance of both their lives, when the thereof. AU parents are obliged, if able, lieutenant brings in the warrant for their to maintain their children j fo moft pa- pi%nt death. After expreiTmg their fur* rents that can get or bear children, have prize and grief/ Burleigh brings a pardon generally youth and ftrength of body fuf- fo* Southampton, which produces a ficient to enable them to maintain them, aobk diftreGs between him and his friend. for a few years at lead in the beginning, H* refufes his life, till Efiex begs him when i>oth the quantity and quality of to Jive to cherilh his poor wife. When their food is lefs confiderable and expen- Southampton had took the tail farewcl, G Cive, bread and milk and roots being the Rutland appears in mourning, led by her principal part of their diet. And when fnaids ; words are too poor to exprefs the children are grown to any bignefs, the beauties of this fcene of tendcrnefs j the pariih officers by the Uw now in bc- her height of grief, her fainting on the ing are obliged to bind them out apprcn- e/aund, Jus being thrice fummoned to tices ; and all ppor children above feven 0^2 yean • Sti a&firaflt of tbefc bilh h cur Magazine fcr lajl yar, p. 155, 2io# Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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124 Remarks on the two Poor BILLS. March years old need no longer bt a burden to them 3158} girls 1965; in all 5113. their indigent parents, or parimes. Be- The children of poor clergymen provided fides, in many parifhes now-a-days there for by contributions there, and in many are fome Tort of charity fchools fet on other parts of the kingdom, are not in* foot, and poor children have not only eluded in thefe accounts. Since that their fchooling, but cloathing, and in ma- time too there has been created and efta- ny places, their diet, gratis. So that if blifhed the Foundling- hofpital, which this bill were to pafs, and all poor chil- £ yearly takes off many poor children 5 and drcn might have the privilege of being by the enlargement of its buildings and fent to the houfe of induftry, I am firmly revenues, will, no doubt, continue yearly •f opinion, few would be fent thither : to take off more and more poor children, Mod parents would endeavour to rub on and at laft perhaps, which is moil to be without this afliftance, and either out of wiflied, will be capable of receiving all pride or fondnefs, or fome trifling conve- that (hall bdoffered. But, as lord Bacon nience to themfelves, would chufe to fays, hofpitals abound, and beggars keep their children at home, tho% in po- abound never a whit the lefs. For nofc- verty and idlenefs and rags, jnft as we B withstanding thefe ample provifions ■ al- f«e many of them do at prefent, not- ready made for the maintenance and edu- withftanding the law for binding out cation of poor children, we do not find poor children parifh apprentices. To the poor rates have at all leflened : On have a lottery then, build work-houfes, the contrary, at the fame time that free- eftablifh corporations, with all the other fchools, and institutions for the benefit ttdious expeniive bulineft of returning of poor children have encreafed, the poor and chufing tfie members, maintaining a rates have been alfo more and more in- cumber of officers, monthly or weekly q creafing. For from the reftoratfon, and meetings, Sec. &c. All this, I fay, feems much later, we may date the commence- to be greatly over doing the thing, and ment of much the greater part of thefe the matter is not adequate to the appa- fchools and inftitutions. But the poor ratus and trouble. I am very fenfible of rates in England in Charles lid's reign, what confequence it is to take care of the according to a good calculation I have fecn, education of poor children, and bring amounted to but a trifle more than them up in at) honeifl and indubious way. ,$o6; qirls 3915 i in all 23421. AndQ was foon afterwards brought in by the the n-mircr fuice then is allowed to fc»e earl of H— l~k, for the maintenance and much increafed. From the appendix to employment of all forts of poor, as well tie biihop of Lincoln's fermon, anno the aged as children ; lame, blind, ideors ?73«;, it appears, there were then in fick, that is, all perfons not in a capacity U>ndon 131 charity fchools ; Boys in of maintaining themfelves by their mean* Digitized by UOOQ IC However, the main objection agairtffc this bitt is, what I faid at firft, that it is

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1753- RiMARKSMr the two Poor BILLS. 12$ er labour. This bill promifes well, and, the hofpital, with what lands and certain by what I can find, is generally well re- income it had got, would become like ma- ceived. It enacts, in the firft place, ny other deferted hofpitals in this king- «« That in every county in England and dom, only a fine-cure to fome mailer or Wales, there (hall be one corporation for guardian. the poor.*' But furely a whole county is Let me add, if there was to be only one of too large extent for only one fuch cor- poor houfe in a large county, the num- poration. The other bill rightly orders ^ bers of paupers to be thronged together every county to be divided into a certain would prove to be very great and in con- number of diftricls, according to the dif- venient, and naftinefs, infection and fick- cretion of the justices, Sec And this nefs could fcatcely be avoided. And then bill, I rauft think,' ought to have adopted this great number of paupers would of the fame regulation. Indeed, fome of the courfe require a great fund to fupport fmaller round counties, fucb as Rutland, them, with a great number of officers- Huntingdonihire, Bedfordshire, whofeofF and proveditors to take care and look parts may be nearly equidiftant from the after them, as treafurcrs, clerks, purvey- centre, might do pretty well, perhaps, with B ors, ftewards, mailers of manufactures, only one poor houfe. But for the large phyficians, chaplains, furgeons, matters, counties, as Yorkshire, Devonfhire, Lin- &c. The falaries of all which would not colnihire, or very long counties, as.pom- only be fo much a drawback upon the wan, Buckingham/hire, Lancashire, Berk- income, but the more money there was fhire, if there was to be only one fuch to pafs through their hands, the more houfe in thefe, the diftant extreme parts room there would be found for jobbs and of the county could have but little bene- impofitions. And I need not fay, how fit of it, at leaf! would be far from hav- q apt moft publick undertakings are now- ing a proportional benefit. a-days to be made jobbs of. The parifli 1 live in is about 44 miles I might alfo add, that fuch number* from the county- town, where the quar- crowded together in one place, could ter-feflions are always held, and near with great difficulty be managed, would which 1 (uppofe the poor houfe would be hardly be prevented from ftrolling about creeled. But the trouble and expence of and pillaging, and proving in many re- carrying up a pauper fo far, would often- fpeels a nufance to the neighbourhood. times be tantamount to the advantage Whereas in Icfler diftricls, the people received there. Befides that many dif* D might be cleanlier and more orderly kept ; trcfled perfons, greatly wanting relief, much of the bufinefs of the houfe might could not be conveyed to fuch a diftance be done by fome of the poor perfons be- without man ifeft peril to their lives. Some longing to it 5 the officers would need to very aged perfons, for inftance : Perfons be but few, tjie falaries fmall, the ac- that (hould have the misfortune of a counts and expences would be fubjeft to broken limb : Perfons* or families, fallen a more minute infpe&ion and examinati- down with the fmall-pox, epidemick fe- on j frauds of every kind would mere ▼ers, Sec, Poor women very big with £ eafily be prevented or difcovered j the child, or lying in : Perfons labouring un- diilance from the hofpital would be incon- der any accidental diftrefles. Such feeble, fiderable ; moll paupers might be brought er occasional poor objects, could not come to have the benefit of it 5 the gentlemen within the benefit of the hofpital, but of the neighbourhood would be able and muft be direclly relieved in their refpeelive willing to attend, and would have the pariihes, or perifli for want of help. thing ten times more at heart, as they But the difficulty and expence of fend- would look upon it then as a creature, I sng paupers fo far is not ail. Confider may fay, of their own forming and nurf- what a trouble too it would be lor the * ing. gentlemen guardians to attend. Few or Counties therefore, at leaft the larger none would accept of the office at fuch a counties, undoubtedly ought to be divided di (lance, or duly attend upon it, if they into letter diftricls: And rfa hundred, which did. The management would chiefly be I propofed in my fcheme, be thought too cngrofled by a junto of a few bufy per- fmall a divifion, let % or 3 hundreds be ions in the neighbourhood, who would united, as (hall be thought moll con- find their account in attending, and (hare venient. Indeed, the compiler or com- aJl the places and profits among them-Q pilers of this bill feem to be fenfible, that felves and their friends. The revenues one poor houfe or hofpital would hardly would foon begin to draw the ufe, and fuffice for a whole county. For further not the ufe the revenues. And when fuch on in the bill it is fa id, " That in two management once appeared, all volunta- years, at leaft one hofpital iball he ereelv ry contribution* would be flopped and ed in each county j" As if -more might be

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126 Account cf the Trial qf ibt Gypfy, &£ March- be ere£ed, if thought neceflbry. But necssTary, if there wa« to be only on lisrely if more hofpitals may be crowed, poor boufe in a Qeupty. For hew could more corporations ihoisld be cftablithed. Ouch a numerous body of paupers, as For k would be wrong to have feveral of would in all probabiuty be accumulate* tbefe houfes in a county, and all of them Hero, fuch a farrago or saedly of idler*, made fobordinate ami fubjeft te one gene- (wearers, drunkards, pilferers, vagabonds, ral corporation. For this in time would how could all thefe he ponWy w*B mar come to the fame thing, at if only one ^ eaged, without fome mob houfc ready fob houfe had been erecled. The great at hand, te take o&, and pumUH the of? boufe would draw to itfeif moil of the tenders? A poor boufe, without a bourn of profits and revenues, and like Aaron's correction annexed to i%, will never aatfwer led or ferptnt, foon fwallow up all the the end, which moil gentlemen now have veil. Every diftria mould be an inde- in view j namely the foppremon of theft pendent body j otherwife it would not be idle daring wicked poor, (who are the worth while to have an bofpittl erected moft troublefeme and dangerous to a in it. D date) as wall as the employment and main- Some, that have rightly fpoken *%i\*fi V tenancc of all other poor. The febeme, counties, as too large divisions, have at to be ptrfetr, mould take in a provmon the fame time fpoken much in behalf of for the poor of all denominattons, mould parifhes, and ftill thouabt them to be the provide bread for thofe that arc not able propereft divifions for the right manage* to earn it, phyftck for the fick, labour ment of the poor. But one mould think for tbofc that are able to labour, and that experience would have fufficiontly proper chaftifement and labour for those convinced us, that wch fmal) divtfioos who can labour and will not, or who will not do. ' Afingle country pariflican- Q are otherways notorious offenders, not jSoffibly fet up a work houfe to any After feme other observations be cbnehtdet good purpofe. The trouble and expeoce thus. " I have now, in compliance with would never be defrayed by the profit of your requeft, drawn up a few curfory it. Tho fame building and cover almoft, remarks upon tbefe two bills, and though that muft be raifed for one pari fh, would I have objected again* firveral pointt im serve for feveral parifhes. The fame per*- each of them, yet with fome aire ration* Sons that attend or look after a few, could and additions, I think, an etTedual law look after more. The fame fire and can- «. might be formed out of both. And af die, that warms and lights and drefles the u the two worthy authors of teem mould meat of half a doieo, with a very. final! hereafter be joined together in a com? addition, would warm and light and drefe snittee upon this affair, I make no doubt She meat of double the number. And fo but on reeoofideration they wiH be able in greater matters : Victuals, materials to prepare a bill, for which, on account fcr work, 4c. can be laid in much cheap-, of its falutary efiedfcs as a law, his nan* er, when bought in quantities, than in jefty will have res/on to thank them, small parcels. But I need not ft op here the poor to blest diem, and tfvery Jand*> to (hew, that the poor can be cheaper £ owner in *he kingdom to praife and maintained in larger bodies together than efteem them.1* in feparate parimes and houfes as at pre- sent. This is feppofed and taken for I* •*"" bfl> p- 9*> «* f**" fa** 4amaf granted in both bills. I mall only fay, •/ Elizabeth Canning/* baetg tamtd a> that when much may be laid again* the **» Fellows to Mru Well V Houfe at En- two extremes of a thing, we may eom- field- Wa(h, and ftript of btr Stays bj 4 monlyprefume, that the medium is right. GfPfy '* th* J**** Hoitfiifor mtbitb tbt And as I think there mould be more $ Gyffy received Sentenu of Dsatb at tie houfes of this kind, than one in a coun- r 1$ Sejiom at the Old Bailey, and Mr* ty, fo, undoubtedly, each heute mould Wells was branded and ordered to he iae- conftft of three parts, as I mentioned in frijbned fie Months, as an Acceffary afiw uty former pamphlet, a work-houfe, cor- *** FaB, As this Affair ba* been tba re&ion houfe and hofpital, adapted to Subjoa of much Cenverfatim, and UH*a the three different forts of poor, the ftill to be m*e fo, tve JbaJI give w R&dtn able mduftrious poor, the idle fturdy 4* Account of the TriaJ, as fi/ltwt. beggars, and the fick poor. But as to \/f ARY Squires, widow, and Sufnts* the fecond of thefe hoofes, that for hard G lVJ nah Wells, were iodi&ed, the 6V* labour^ and the confinement and cor- for that me on Jan. a, in the dweJlingr region of diforderly wicked vagrants and houfe of Su fan nah Wells, widow, ott other offenders, 1 find no particular men- Elizabeth Canning, fpinfter, did make) tion made in the bill before us ; tho* an aflault, putting her in corporal Gear foch a houfe would be more efpeciaJly and danger of her life, one pair of ftayst S vaHm Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1753- Account df the Trial of the Gypfy, 6fr. . 127 value 1 01. the |>roperty of the faid Eli- them from me. I thought (he was go- zabefh, from her perfon in the dwelling ipg to cut my throat, when J taw her houfe did deal, take, and carry away, take the knife. Then (be looked «t my And the latter, for that (he, well know- petticoat and (aid, here, you b— h, yo« ing that the faid Mary Squires, had done may keep tint, or I will give you that* and committed the uid felony, her the it it not worth much, and gave me a faid Mary did then and there felon iou fly dap on the face. After that me pufhad receive, harbour, comfort, conceal, and £ me up (lairs from out of the kitchen, maintain, againlt his majefly's peace, and into a place which they call die Juty-lo&« againft the form of the ftatute. After fee (hut the door me Cud, if ever Eli 1. Canning. 1 had been to fait- (he heard me Air or move, or any fucfc petre bank to fee my uncle and aunt thing, (he would cut my throat. When Colley ; 1 fct out from home about n in day-light appeased I could fee about the the forenoon, and (laid there till about loom, there was a fire* place -and « giwte nine at night on Tan, i, then my uncle in it, no bed nor bedftead, nothing but and aunt came with me as far as Aldgate, «. hay to lie upon, there was a bkok pitcher where we parted j 1 was then alone, fo D not quite full of water, and about b£ came down Hounfditch and over Moor- pieces of bread, (a pitcher produced km fields by Bedlam wall j there two hilly court) this is the pitcher, which was full men, both in great coats, Uid hold of to near the neck. The 24 pieces of k me, one on each ride, they faid nothing to might he about the quantity of a quartern me at firft, hut took half a guinea in a lit- loaf. tie box out of my pocket, and 38. that were Q^ Had you nothing elfe to fubfift 00 ? loofe. They took my gown, apron, and Canning. 1 had in my pocket a pennjr hat, and folded them up, and put them C mince- pye, which I bought that -day into a great coat pocket. I fcreamed out, to carry home to my -brother, then the man that took my gown put a Q^ How long did you continue in that handkerchief, or fome fuch thing to my room ? mouth. They then tied my hands be- Canning. Four weeks, all but <a tour hind me ; after which one of them gave hours. me a blow on the temple, and faid, d — n Q^Did any body come to you in eho you, you b— ■ h, we will do for you by room during that time ? and by. I having been fubject tocon-r\ Canning. Nobody at all. Vuhion-fits tliefe four years, this blow Q^Did you, during the time you was ftunned me, and threw me directly into in this confinement, make any attempts to a fit. The firft thing that I remember come down ftairs, or make your escape ? after this was, I found myfelf by a large Canning. No, I did not (ill the time I road, where was water, with the two got out. men that robbed me. They took me Q^ Had . you any thing *o tubfift on to the prifoner Wells's houfe, when, as during the time befides the pieces of bread* near as I can think, it was about four g penny pye, and pitcher of water ? o'clock in the morning 5 I had recovered Canning, No, I had not. from my fit about half an hour before. Q^ At what thne did you get out ? They lugged me along, and faid, you Canning. About four o'clock in tfat b— h, why don't you walk fatter ? one afternoon on Monday I broke down a bad hold on my right arm, and the other board that was nailed up at the afi$de on the left, and fo pulled me along. of a window, and got out there. - Furft Being aflced whether (he could form I got my bead out, and kept 4aft hotel any judgment in what manner (he was by she wall and got my body out $ after conveyed before (he recovered of her F that I turned inyfelf round and jumped fit ? (he faid, I think they dragged me into a little narrow place by a lane with along by my petticoats, they being (b a field- behind it; then 1 went on the dirty. — When I was carried into the houfe, backfide of the houfe up a lane, and csof- 1 saw the gypfy woman Squires, who fed a little brook and over two -fields, was fitting in a chair, and two young as I think, but 1 did not take notice how women in the fame room 5 Virtue Hall many fields -f the path-way brought <sn* was one ; tliey were ftanding againft a by the road fide. Then I went by the «rcfier. As loon as I was brought in, Q road ftrait, to London. It ilrufck tern "Mary Squires took me by the hand, and o'clock juft as I came over Moorneids* avflced me if I chofe to go their way, I got home about a quarter after to my faying, if I did, I (hould have fine mother's houfe in Aldermanbury. cJosrhs; I faid, no. Then (he went Upon her being crofs examined, (he and took a knife out of a dreuer drawer, was aiked why (he did not attempt to and cue the lace oi my ftays, and took efcape before j to which (he anfwered, hecaute Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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128 Account of the Trial of the Gypfy, &c> March becaufe I thought they might let me out j and he had got them, and fhe bid me not h never came into my head till that morn- to fay any thing to make a clack of it, ing. Being aflced how me came, being fearing it mould be known. in that deplorable condition, not to go Q^ How long was you irt that houfc ? into Tome houfe and relate the hardfhips Hall. I was there a quarter of a year fte had gone through ? She anfwered, in allA if not more, I was there the whole I thought, if I did, may be I might meet time E. Canning was there j but I never fbmebody belonging to that houfe. £ faw her once after fhe was put up into Q^Did you fee the prifoner (Wells) that room, I was the firft that mi/Ted while you was, in that confinement ? her, I afked the gypfy woman once whe- Canning. I never faw her in the houfe ther that girl was gone ? me anfwered at all till I went down afterwards. what is that to you, you have no bofmefs Q^ Did you eat all your bread ? with it, but durfl not go, to fee if me Canning. I eat it all on the Friday before was gone 5 if I had, very likely they 1 got out ; it was quite hard, and 1 ufed would have fenred me fo. to foak it in the water. Q^ What was you in that houfe ? Q^ When did you drink all your water ? ° Hall. I went there as a lodger, but I Canning. I drank all that about half was forced to do as they would have me. an hour before I got out of the room. Elizabeth Canning. Elizabeth Canning Upon beim* afked where fhe did her that has given her evidence is my daugh- •ccafions while in the room, me an- ter ; after (he was milling from New- tfwercd, me never had any ftool while in year's day, I advertifed her three times, confinement, fhe had only made water. fhe came back on the day before king Virtue Hall. I know the two prifoners Charles's martyrdom, about a quarter at the bar ; Wells lived at Enfield -Warn 5 C after ten o'clock at night, fhe had no- I went and lived there as a lodger. Mary thing but this ragged bed-gown and a cap ; Squires lived in the houfe, and had been I fell into a fit direclly j when I came there about 7 or 8 weeks. to ' myfelf my daughter was talking to Q^ How long before E. Canning was Mrs. Woodward and Mr. Wintlebury ; brought in ? tney afked her where fhe had been, fhe Hall. About a fortnight before, which faid on the Hertfordmire road, which fhe was on Jan. 2, about 4 in the morning, knew by feeing a coach going by ; fhe fte was brought in there by two men, -^ gave the fame account fhe has here, John Squires was one of them, he is u When fhe came into her warm bed, fhe ion to Mary Squires, the other man I was very fick, and had no free paifagc don't know any thing of j I never faw thro' her for floo! or urine, till fhe was him before. fopplied with glyfters, for 7 days after Q^ Who was in the houfe at the fhe c*me home, but what was forced time ? by half a cup full at a time. Hall. There was I and Mary Squires John Wintlebury. I faw E. Canning the prifoner, and her daughter, the gypfy the night fhe came home j /he appeared man faid, Mother, I have brought you E in a very bad condition, and had this a girl, do you take her ; then fhe aflced dirty bed-gown and cap on. Hearing E. Canning whether fhe would go her fhe was come home, I went to her mo- way, ther's houfe, and faid, Bet, how do you Q^ What did fhe mean by that ? do ! She faid, I am very bad. Said I, Hall. She meant for her to turn whore, where hare you been ? She faid, fhe had t>ut fhe would not ; then fhe took a been fomewhere on the Hertfordfhire knife out of a drefTer drawer in the road, becaufe I have feen the Hertford- kitchen, and ripped the lace of her flays, p (hire coach go backwards and forwards, and pulled them off, and hung them on * Jofeph Adamfon. I have known E. the back of a chair in the kitchen, and Canning the younger fome years, I never puihed her up into the room, and faid faw her after fhe came home, till the d— n you, go up there then, if you pleafe ; day we went down to take trie people op j then the man that came in with the I and feveral neighbours of us, agreed to gypfy* s fon, took the cap orT Elizabeth go to the place, fome on horfeback and Canning's head, and went out a-doors fome in the coach with E. Canning; I with it j the gypfy man, John Squires, was down about an hour, or an ho«r took the ftays off the chair, and went Q and half before the coach came, and had out with them. When I went out of the fecured all the people we found there | kitchen, I went into the parlour, Wells I feeing the room before fhe was brought faid, Virtue Hall; the gypfy man came in, thought fhe was capable of giving in and told me that his mother had cut fome account of it ; X returned to meet the flays off the young woman's back, tier and afked her about it, fhe defcribed the Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1753* Account of the Trial of tht Gypfy, t$c. 129 the room with fane hay in it, a chimney- live in Aldermaitbufy, I was obi of the place in the corner of it, an odd fort of perfons that went down to Wells's houfe, an empty room. I went with her to the I went after the reft of the gentlemen boufe, and carried her out of the chaife on Feb. i, we were there feme time be- into the kitchen, and fet ber on the pVef- fore /he came, and had taken the people ter, and ordered ill the people to bo brought up ; when (he came me was carried into to her, to fee if (he knew any of them j the kitchen, and fat on a drefler, and site was then very weak, I took her in £ the people fat all round her ; I faid to my arms like a chUd j upon feeing Mary her, Bet, do not be frighted or un- Squires (he (aid, that is the woman that eafy, you fee your friends about you, cut ray days off, and threatned to cut and en the other hand do not be too my throat if I made a noife. fure, without you really can fwear to Q^ Did any of the people (eem utv- what you fay, therefore be very careful ; willing to be infpoQed ? (he pitched upon Mary Squires to be the Adamfotu Yes, they were very en- perfon that cut her ftays off*, (he pitched willing to be flopped, when we went upon a young woman that was (aid to down in the morning, particularly Mary ■» "be daughter to Squires, and faid, (he was Squires ; after* the girl had faid this of in the kitchen, at the time, and likewife Squires, Squires (aid to her, (he hoped Virtue Hall, but faid they did nothing Jhe would not fwear her life away, for to her. me never faw her before j £. Canning Robert Scarrat. I went down to En- pointed to Virtue Hall, and (aid, that field-Warn, there were fix of us in all, young woman was in the kitchen, when her mother and two women were with 1 was brought in 5 (he pointed atfo to her in the chaife 5 (he defcribed the fields, another young woman, and faid (he Q and likewife a bridge, that night (he came was there at the time $ then we carried home, near the houfe ; I aiked her if her up to examine the houfe, (he (aid (he perceived a tanner's houfe near, (he none of the rooms (he had (een, was faid (he believed there was. the /00m in which (he was confined 5 Q. Was John Squires in the room at then I aiked if there were any other the time (he pitched upon his mother and rooms, they (aid yes, out of the kitchen, the reft ? (I had before been in it but did not fay Scarrat. He was, (he faid (he could so then,) becaufe I had a mind to fee n not fwear to him, he had his great coac if me knew it, we had her up into it, u on at our firft going there, but he had me laid this is the lame room in which pulled it off: (he faid he looked like the 1 was, but here is more bay in it than perfon, but (he could not (wear to him 5 there was then $ I laid my hand upon they made him put his great coat on be- lt, and- mid it has been lately (hook up, fore the juftice, then (he faid he looked it lay hollow, (he was then pretty near more like one of the two men that brought n casement $ (aid I, if you have been fo her there. long In this room, doubtlcg you are able. Edward Roffiter. I went down with te fry what it to be feen out here, (he £ the reft, on the Thursday, I heard £• defcribed a hill at a diftance which is Canning examined before Mr. Tammaker Cbinkford-hill j I believe (he could not the juftice 5 (he gave the fame account, see it at the time die fpoke about it, for then as now, (he faid John Squires was I wae between ber and the cafement, much like one of the men, when he had with any back towards the cafement $ (he got his great coat on, me faid (he did abb said there were fome boufes on the not fee Wclh in the houfe, but (he once other fide the lane, then 1 opened the faw her out at a window, but did not caJument, we looked, and it was as (he « know (he was the woman that belonged had defcribed j I aiked where was the * to the houfe. window Iho broke out of, (he (hewed Mary Squires (aid nothing in her de- it us, (there were some boards nailed up fence, but called the following witneflTes. agaroft it ,) and laid that is the window, John Gibon. I live at Abbotlbiiry, fix I med to see the coach go by at j then miles from Dorchefter, I am "matter of we pulled down the board, it was big the houfe called the Old-Ship 5 on Jan. 1, enough tor me to haws got out of it, it 1753, the prifoner Squires came into the appeared to me to be the fame window, houfe, there was Oeorge her fon, and before Use came to the houfe, for I fawQ Luoy her daughter with her, as (he called (erne of the plaifter broke off on the out- them; (he came with handkerchiefs, fide. lawns, mufiins, and checks, to fell about Edward Lion. The young woman lived town, (he ftaid there from the firft to the fervent with me till (he was miffing j I K n»«h I75S* Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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130 Of the Na bobs in the Eaft-Indies. March ninth day of the month, and lay at my ^ y^; #/ ^ ^ ^ .^ ^ ^^ William Clark. I live at Abbotibury, \*?lx*>. bT7^ **? r ^Tk. and have for 7 years * I remember feeing fifp^ud by the French WW ,/ ,* the gypfy there • the laft time I faw her, Nabobs, juppcrtcd by the Enghrti. was on the 10th of Jan. laft, I met with tj EFORE we begin we muft obfcrre, them on the road, we went fome way £) that a man called a nabob in the Eaft- together, we parted at Crudeway-foot, £ Indies, is the governor of a province, or four miles from Abbotibury, and three 0f a fmgle town and its territory, of from Dorchefter. whom there are now a great number in Thomas Grevil. I live at Coom, three that part of the world., Thefe nabob* miles from Salisbury, I keep a publick are all tributary to the Mogul emperor $ houfe there, the fign of the Lamb 3 I faw but in every thing elfe they feem to be in- Mary Squires at my houfc, on Jan. ja. — dependent, and ad as abfohice and arbt- Thefe three witnefles mewed their tub- trary fovereigns within their refpeclive paena's, as the caufe of their coming to „ territories, often carrying on wars against give their evidence. one another, and fometimes attacking the For the crown, John Inifer, depofed European fettlements upon their coaft, as follows. I fell fi(h and oyfters about without any authority from the Mogul, Waltham-crofs and Theobalds. I know whofe minifters give themfe^ves very little the prifoner Squires very well by fight, trouble about the diftant parts of that vaft the laft time I (aw her before now, was empire, if they can but draw money from at the time me was taken at Sufannah thence for fupplying their own avarice Wells's houfe \ before that I had feen her and luxury 5 therefore it is absolutely ne- feveral times every day up and down be- C ceflary for the Europeans fettled upoa fore (he was taken. ( that coaft, to court or command a regard Q. Are you very certain of that ? from the nabobs in their neighbourhood* Irufer. 1 am that I faw her three weeks in thefe circumftances Monf. Dupleix, before, that (lie walked into people's the French governor of Pondicherry, ob- houfes pretending to tell fortunes. She ferving that Annaverda-Cawn, nabob of told me mine once! Arcot, had a greater regard for the Eng- Wells being called upon to make her lift than for the French, he refolved to defence, faid, As to her charader it was p* have him depofed. For this purpofe he but an indifferent one, that (he had an entered into a plot with Muzephur Jing unfortunate hu(band who was hanged, and Chuenda Saib, two popular men ha and added, (he never faw the young wo- the neighbourhood, who raifed an army man (meaning E. Canning) till they came of their friends, and being joined by a to take us up $ and as to Squires, (he detachment'of French from Pondicherry, never faw her above a week and a day they marched in July, 1749, towards Ar- before they were taken up. cot, on the plains of which city they Squires, the laft day of the feflions, met by Annaverdec at the head of his ar> being a(ked what (he had to fay before £ my j but as he had trufted entirely to hi* me received fentence, anfwered, That on own ftrength, without folliciting any af- . New- Year's day I lay at Coom at the fiftance from the Englifti, his army wa» widow GreviP* houfe ; the next day I totally routed and himfelf killed. How- was at Stoptage, there were fome people ever, his fon, Mahomed Ally-Cawn, made who were caft away, and they came his efcape, and took (belter in Tricheno- along with me to a little houfe at the poly, a place of great ftrength to the top of the Moor and drank there, there fouthward, where at his desire he was were my fon and daughter with me. « prefentiy fupplied by the EngK(h with. Coming along Popham-lane there were r men and ammunition, fome people raking up dung. 1 drank This place the enemy then defigned to at, the fecond alehoufe in Bafingftoke on have laid nege to, and marched fouth- the Thurfday in New -Year week. On ward for that purpofe, but were prevent- the Friday 1 lay at Bagfliot- heath, at a ed by Nazir Jing, nabob of Gofcouda, little tiney houfe on the heath. On the who having entered the province of Aroot Saturday I lay at Old Brentford at Mr. with a great army, obliged them to re- Edwards* s who fells greens and fmall beer, treat under the walls of Pondicherry, I could have told this before, but oneG where they encamped in March, 1750 ; pulled me and another pulled me, and but being foon joined by the whole ga- would not let me fpeak. I lay at Mrs. rifon of that place, and Nazir Jing being Edwards's on the Sunday and Monday 5 joined by a detachment of EngKlh from and on the Tuefday, or Wednefday. after, St. David's, as alfo by Mahomed and th* I came from thence to Mrs. Wells's houfe. Englifli from Trichenopoly, the two ar- 1 mae& Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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*753- Of the late Tranfaffions in the Eaft-Indiea. 131 Hues moved toward* each other, and on before his departure appointee! the above- the 34th. O. S. engaged, when the French mentioned Chuenda Saib to be nabob of and their allies were defeated, and obliged Arcot, who having collected a confidera- to retreat towards Pondicherry, with the ble force, marched from Pondicherry to lo/s of moft of their cannon, ammuniti- befiege Trichenopoly, after reducing fome on and baggage, whereupon Muzepher little forts in his way. But by this time Jing came and furrended himfelf a prifoner Mahomed Ally's treaty with the Engltfh to Nazir Jing, who was his uncle. a was concluded, and on March 24, 1750- 1, By this victory Mahomed was reftored O. S. a body of 400 men under the com* to the nabobmip of Arcot, but fome mif- mand of capt, Gingen, marched from St. underftandings having happened between David's to his affiftance, and were joined Nazir Jing and the Englifh, and alfo be- by all the forces he could raife at Val- tween Mahomed and them, they return- conda, about 70 miles to the weft of ed to St. David's in Auguft, whereupon St. David's. Here the two armies liad a the French and their allies attacked Ma- rencounter, which by the treachery of homed in his camp and obtained an eafy the Indian governor of the place, turned victory, but Mahomed faved himfelf by B out to the difadvantage of the Englirti flying to Nazir Jing who was ftill with and their allies, for they were obliged to his army at Arcot, and who upon this de» retreat precipitately with the lofs of a termined once more to inarch againft confiderable quantity of ammunition and the French, whereupon they were obliged baggage 5 and being deferted by feveral to throw themfelves into the ftrong for- of Mahomed's troops, they were at lad trefs of Gingey, about so miles from forced to fecure themfelves by encamping Pondicherry. Of this fortcefs Nazir Jing under the walls of Trichenopoly, after formed the blockade, which he continued p paffing the river Calderon with fome dif- nntil December, when the garifon was ficulty. reduced to great diftrefs, and the French This river the enemy likewife parted, affairs almoft in a defperate filiation $ and encamped at Syrringham near Tri- but as they in all parts of the world feem chenopoly, but had not yet forces fuf- to be better at plotting and intriguing ficient to bcfiege it in form ; and in the than at fighting, they had during this mean time it was refolved at St. David's blockade formed a confpiracy againft Na- to make a diverfion by fending a new de- zir Jing, into which his own prime mi- tachment into the province of Arcot, nifterj and the ungrateful Muzipher Jing D and for this purpofe Mr. Clive offered had entered, and in purfuance of this con- bis fervice as a volunteer, tho' he was piracy Nazir Jing was afiaJfinated in his not then in the army. Accordingly, he own camp on Dec. 5, O. S„ embarked, Aug. 22, with 130 men under Upon Nazir Jing's death his faid ne- his command for Fort St. George, where phew Muzipher was proclaimed bis fuc- he was joined by 80 more ; and with ceflbr by the confpirators and the whole this force he marched crofs the country, army, as no one durft oppofe what they and took poffefiion of Arcot without op- and the French propofed. This-rsufed the £ portion, where he behaved with fo much vanity of the French governor fo much moderation and generofity, that he gain- that he laid the plan, and actually be- ed the good will of the people to a high gan to build a town, to be called Dupleix, degree. on the foot where Nazir Jing was fo This diverfion had the defired effect, treacheroufly murdered, and. where a mo- for Chuenda Saib's fon was detached nuraent'was to have been ereeted with a with a great part" of their army from gasconading inscription, as if the French Trichenopoly, upon whofe approach Mr. had here obtained a glorious victory. p Clive (hut himfelf up in the caAle of As Mahomed Ally was not able to * Arcot, to which they laid fiege, and fend againft the French and their new having made two breaches, they at -lart, allies, he was obliged once more to take . on Oct. 14, made a general affault, but inciter in Trichenopoly, and follicit the Mr. Clive had fo well prepared, that they affiftance of the Enghfo, which was at were every where repulfed with great Isft promifed upon his agreeing to the- daughter; and/iext day a party of Eng- terms they propofed. In the mean time lifli, with 2000 Morrattas, which ha<t Muzipher Jing paid a vifit to the French been .detached under capt. Kilpatrick governor at Pondicherry, and after ftay- Q from Trichenopoly . appearing in fight, log there about a month, fet out for Col- the enemy retreated in great confuOon, conda, accompanied by a party of 300 leaving behind them their cannon and part French, nine field- pieces, and ail necefla- of their baggage. ry ftores, in order to eftabli/h himfelf in Capt. Kilpatrick with a fufficient ga« the nabobmip of that province, having rifon being left in the caftlc of A^Q** R z c«tpt« Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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152 Dialogue between a Horse and an As*. March capt. Cfivc marched with the reft of the to be {track off; and on Jan. 3, the forces in fearch of the enemy, and coming French commander, monflenr Law, cepi- up with them on the plains of Aranic, tulated, that the artillery and warlike gave them a total defeat on Dec. 3, after ftores mould be delivered tip, the foldier* which he reduced feveral other forts, prifoners of war, and the officers pri- wherein he left fome of the Englim forces, toners upon their parole. This is the in garifon, and with the reft returned railed account we could Q>are room for : to St. David's, where he had fcarce been 4 Thofe that deflre to have all the parties • a month, before the enemy had collected lars at full length, may fee them in a patn- a new army, with which they approached phlet lately published, fatitted, A &***** within nine miles of Madrafs, and plun- Account of fome tateTrtnfsBiens in the E*P~ dered feveral of the gentlemen* feats India* thereabout. Upon this capt. Clive was again fent From the Astiktviii, March 13. out with a body of Englim troops, and ^ ' , on March 1, he came up with the enemy „ *** ^?v5BtllreJ» m ** ^^-fy •" ™ at Couverpauk or Coverupaute, about 15 B SmfMty 4*™** cn,tl» Vnre*&mUm# miles from Arcot, where he gave them *■* Immornhty of \Cnuhy towards thorn, m another total defeat, and befides the killed, J**"* f"W*% tbc* t0™ •«• J"*»- took a lieutenant and 48 French prifoners, M'* , ** » tbe f V™* %. *" *■**■*• with a» their cannon, and a great quan- tm ty****** t0 f*'** * /#** '% »«* tity of warlike ftores * fmrticifMtin a futuro Retribution^ rtf- The whole province of Arcot being >» tofflf « W f fiBmg njUef, mui thus cleared of enemies, except thofe at into a Dream, wkebbe tdata atfiUow. Syrringham, capt. Clive returned withp *TpHO* the labours of memory and his forces to St. David's, having m his 1 judgment were now at an end, yet way demolished the new town called fancy was ftill bufy 5 by this roving wan- Dupleix j and major Laurence arriving ton I was conduced thro* a dark avenue, from England, he and capt. Clive fet out, which, after many windings, terminated March 18, from St. David's with all in a place which me told me was tbe the forces that could be raifed, and joined Elyfium of birds and bctffts. Here I bc- capt. Gingen at Trichenopoly 5 foon after held a great variety of animals, whom which capt. Clive was detached with I perceived te be endowed with reafon 400 Englim, fome Mbratta horfc, and D and fpeech : I approached a hoHe and an Seapoys, to cut off the enemy's retreat aft, who feemed to be engaged in a fe~ to Pondicherry, for which purpofe he at- rious converfation 5 and by degrees I came tacked and took by ftorm two forts ga- near enough to overhear them. rifoned by the enemy, making prifoners " If I had perifhed, (faid the afs,) wheal 138 French, befides thefe that were killed I was difinifled from the earth, I think or drowned in the Calderon, on which I mould have been a lofef by my exift- one of the forts was fltuated. 6nce } for during my whole life, there Du-ing thefe tranfa&ions capt. CKve g was fcarce an interval of one hoer, In had information, that one capt. Danteuil, which I did not fuflfer tlie accumulated at the head of a Along party, had been mifery of blows, hunger and Atjgue. tent from Pondicherry with money and When I was a colt, I wis Aofcn by a ftores for their army at Syrringham, and SJPfy, who placed two children upon that this party was then encamped under my back in a pair of panniers, before the walls of Valconda $ whereupon capt. I had perfectly acquired the habft of caw- Clive fet out directly for Valconda,' at- tying my own weight with fteadinet* and tacked them in their camp, drove them dexterity. By hard fare and ill t with great (laughter into the fort, and F ment, I quickly became blind $ and 5 obliged them to furrender themfclvee pri- the family to which 1 belonged, - fonersofwar, May 31, 175*. - into their winter quarters in Norwood, By this time the enemy's army at Syr- I was asked as a bet againtt a couple <af . ringham was reduced to the greateft dif- geefe, which had been found by a fat* trefs, having neither money nor pro- low who came by, driving before fain vifions, and being deferted by molt of two of my brethren, whom he had cveav of the Indians, who had come over and loaded with bags of fand » A hatfpeauty joined Mahomed Ally $ fo that Chunda G was thrown up j and to the inexpreJBMs* Saib in defpair had delivered himfelfup increafe of my calamity, the dealer in farifed to the nabob of Tanjore, in hopes that was the winner. * he would have faved his life, but to pre- •* When I came to town, I was hatr*. vent difputes about who mould have neffed with my two wretched adbciate* the keeping of him, he ordered his head to a fand cart. The load was <© cMpr*. portfanate • Set 9*r Magazine /or laftjetr, /. 6e8. Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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*753- *** BLACKBIRD'S Sowc. 133 porrtonate to our ftrength, that it was I turned about in honeft annration, assi with the utmOft difficulty and labour blufhed that I was a roan. But my re- dragged very flowlyover the ragged pave- flexion* were interrupted by the notes of ment of the foeets. One morning very a blackbird, who wat tinging the ftory of •arly, as we were toiling up Snow- hill his own fate t He perceived that 1 lifton- with repeated efforts of ftrentth, that «d with curiofity, and, interrupting his was namuiated, even to agony, by the fong, " Stranger, fays he, tho' I am, as inceflTant Arokes of a whip, which had £ thou feed, in the fields of EJyfmm, yet already laid our loins bare even to the my happinefs is not compleat 5 my mate bone j it happened, that being placed in is ftill cxpofed to the mi/cries of mor- tbe (hafts, and the weight prefling hard tality, and lam Aill vulnerable in her. r I sell down. Our driver re- O ! Aranger, to bribe thy friending, sf yarded my misfortune, not with pity but peradventure it may reach my love, I wife race i and Che moment he turned about,, gratify the curiofity with which thy looks he threw a ftiok with fuch violence at enquire after me. I fell by the unpro- my head, that it forced out my eye, and voked enmity of man, in that feafon pa£ng thro* the focket into the brain, Bwhen the dictates of nature are love. 1 was mftantly ttilmifltd from my raifcry, But let not my cenfure be universal j for the comparifon of which with «iy prefimt •* the elegy whidh I flng, was written by a ftate conftitotes great part of its felicity. human being*, every human being is not But yon, furely, if I may judge by your destitute of companion, nor deaf to the ftature, and the -elegance of your make, language m which our joys and fears are was among the favourites of mankind.*' cxprefled." lie then, alter a fwcet tho' " It H true, (replied the Aeed,) I was *hort prelude, made the grove again echo a favourite s hut what avails it to be the C with "" **n£» favourite of caprice, avarice and bar- The fun bad chee'd tho winter's fnow, berity ? My tyrant was a wretch, who And kindly lecVd t he froA- bound .foils had gained a confiderahle fortune by play, The melting Areams began toitow, particularly by racing. I had won him ju*d plow-men uig'd their annual toil. cepted out of every match, as bavingno Whom 1BR>W wakw to mirtb an5d', !?!k-if t^ftST my exc7kftce A blackbird rais'd his amorous four, lived in eafe and plenty 5 and as he was g ! mi^w wfemlwd **"!' able to fell everrmy pleasures, tho' my to* A for .whP™ \ *» > for WD?m * b»rn * hour was become ufelefe, I had a fcraglia, Attend with pity to my Aram, in which there was a perpetual toccefiion And &ram "* ,ovc * fand return- of new beauties. At laft, however, an* &*c, * the winter's Aorms are flown, other competitor appeared : I enjoyed a And Zephyrs gently fan the air ! now triumph by anticipation 4 1 ru- nut an cqo«l x and having again won the ru V**** ***** t0 the thickeft brake, race, I ibak down at the pod in an ago- Impervious to the fchool-boy's eye liy, which loon after put an end. to my Fur thee the plaiAer'd neft Til make, life.** And on thy downy pinions he. When I had heard this horrid narrative, which indeed I remembered to be true, Te • As *Ugj Htafioaed by jkmti*i a Msckhiwdtu Vakathit i>«y. Digitized by CiOOQ IC J »

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134 Of Sir Hans Sloan e*s Collection. March To get thee food Til range the field*, doubt : Nor can we imagine that fuch an And cull the bed of ev'ry kind, one ever can be compiled again j unlefe Whatever nature*! bounty yields, fuch another almoft miraculous combina- Or love's afliduous care can And. tion of caufes mould appear to give it And when my lovely mate would ftray origin j unlefs Providence again mould To tafte the fummer's fweets at large, join together in one mortal being fo much At home Til wait the live-long day, true knowledge andfo great benevolence ; And tend at home our infant charge. A fuch talents and fuch affluence of fortune 5 When prompted by a mother's care »nd toouk* again extend the life of him Thy warmth (hall form th% imprifon'd who was poflefled of them, almoft to the young, «ge of a patriarch. With thee the talk 1*11 fondly mare, We are not aware how much it ts we Or chear thy labours with my fong." owe to the memory of this excellent man. . . , . , „,. lfc. . With the fame view to pubuck good, ua- He ceasM his fong. The melting dame der which hc ^ Wf who|e m ^ With tender pity heard his ftram ; theri thcfe trakfujtt from all quarters of She felt toe own'd a mutual flame, B the w^rid he at ^ ^ H^*s «P«^ hi* earneftnefs thaVtbey The mournful fraud of my tale ; D mould u t^?recery9dt no M than five Sent by an order of the: aus, ^ in hu hft §a ^ ^ ^ uken A gunner met them in the vale. ^ fureft mttho6 that it moaW ^ fo- AlarnrTd, the lover cry'd, " My dear, He has vefted the truft of them, in the Hafte, hafte away j from danger fly f hands of many of the beft, as well at Here, gunner, turn thy vengeance, here! wjfcft pcrfons in the kingdom 5 and, utt- O ! fpare my love, and let me die." fatUfied with addrefling himfelf to their At him the gunner took his aim ; judgments, by the value of the treafure The aim he took was much too true $ £ he committed to thcur charge, he hat O ! had he chofe fome other game. adjured them by their confidences and Or mot as he had us*d to do *f honour. He compliments them, and Divided pair ! forgive the wrong. i« equal for February, p, 89. And at we have here _, to the truft have not declined to accept prefented our Readers with t be Hx ad of this ** it : More happy, that they have determm- eehbrated Virtuoso, neatlo engraved, we ed ts undertake the honourable office thought ft on this Occafion to give them, ftri&ly and ftrenooufly 5 and we are moft from the London Daily Advertifer, the happy, that among fo great a number, following Cenfidcrations on his CollcBion of there is, and there is certain to continue* Curioftties. fuch perfed unanimity. TH AT a treafure like to this never • • A N S Q N was amafled together, is beyond a * Never paving tilled any thing before or fine?, f Tbo words of his wi& Digitized by UOOQ IC

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ANSON and WARREN: A Song. 153 gj£4tw4f ^m Long had the French navy with that ofproud Spain, Infulted ourcoafts and rode m^t;rrV^^^^ tordsofthcmain,Look'd into our ports with a fhow to invadeOur catties defy'd andhalf j jiff. . -1^ ^m J ^itf77^%Mcf^j ruin'd our trade. Britannia amaz*d at this fignal difgrace, Vents ( I I ^^^^S^^^^^P^^ awful a figh and in clouds veils her face ; But rouz'd on her naval fons fixes her eyes, And bid with a fmile two lov'd admirals rife : To Anfon and **w[TJltCr rrff&^Uf^- &&mmM8s£ ? Warren your bumpers lift high, They chacM the French fquadrons beneath evVy flcy. 3ip£ We O'erjoy'd they faird forth and came up with the foe, [blow $ Determin'd like Britons to ftrikc a bold Not heedful of order they in courage con- fide, [fide. The beft tine of battle's a thundering broad Red Cmoak foon irivolving fea, earth, air, confounds, [wounds j *Tlf all rage and tumult diftraclion and Difabled the French to our crofs homage pay, [the fam'd day. And dragg'd home in triumph, thus crewn Cbo. To Anfon and Warren your bum- , oers lift high, Lev*ry A<y« They chae'd the French fquadrons beneath So Ruuel and Blake bid our Tea lion roar, [Yhoar. Whofo (hadow appearing ahrm'd ev'ry Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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136 Poetical Essays in MARCH, 1753. In warring on ocean our wifdom's beft (hown, Infpirit the nary, then trade*! all our own. To him who ha thunders at Cape Brecon hurl'd, [world. To him a new Drake who encompafs'd the May our liege flourifh long, may his arms bumble France fiance. Ye fcraphs, O (hield and direa William'e Cbe. To Anfoa and Warren your bum- pers lift high, [ev*ry Aqf* They chac'd the French fquadrons beneath *nd * crofi witil tbe **? couple till in fecond couples places £•• Poetical Essays *a MARCH, 7* Mr. HENRY JONES, (mtisTrap- dy of the Earl •/ Essex. AS ancient heroes are renown'd in fong, [wrong, Tot refcuing virtue from th* opprcnbr's So (hall thy fame, who fnatch'o* this well- wrought tale, [prevail. From dulnefs' gloomy powV, o'er time Long had thefe fcenes, wound up with dexterous art, In fpight of reaton, gain'd upon the heart j Thaw'd ev*ry frozen fountain of the eye, We wept, till even forrow's felf was dry ; [approved, Yet judgment fcorn'd what paflion had And the head wonder*d, how the heart was mov'd. [boaft, But, with a fate reversed, the work (hall That founded judgments (hall admire it moil. pines, Cloath'd in the eaty grandeur or thy The ftocy brightens, as the diction Alines. Renew'd with vigour as in age 'tis grown, The wond'ring fcene fees beauties not its own. [fultry vales, Thus, worn with years, in Africk*s The crefted make (hifts off his tarnift'd fcales j [old, Aflumes frefh beauties, brighter than the Of changing colours intermix'd with gold : [ray, ReburnifliM, baflcs beneath the fcorching Shines with new glories in the face of day, [tongue, Darts fiercer lfghtning from his brandifrTd Rolls more fublimc, and feems, at leaft, mere young. No more (hall noife, and wiM, bombaP tkk rage [fag* 5 Ufurp th* applauding thunder of the Fuftam no more (hall pats for true (ub- lime, Nor nonienfe muucalry float in rhime ; . Nor, in a worfe extreme, (hail creeping profe, For nature and nmplktty, impofe t By thee refbrm'd, each vicious tafte ihaB fail, And cririck joitiee hold aloft her fcale. Whence beams this dazling luftre on thy mind ? [mankind f Whence this vaft fund of Knowledge in Unletter'd genius > Whence haft thou been taught [thought, This dignity of ftile, this majeAy of This rapid fire, by cool corrednefs ruTd, And ev ry learned elegance, unfchool*d f Say, hath great Shakffpear'e trantmigrat- ed (hade [aid r Inferm'd thy mafs, or lent thee frkndJy To him, blefs'd bard ! untaught, 'twas alfo giv*n, [brighteft heaven*, T* afcend, on native wings, invention's Auuming Phoebus* port \ and, in hie train, [▼***• The mufes all, like handmaids, not in Crouch for employment. — ■ — The palnons too, fubfervient to hia **QV Attentive wait on his fuperior dull j At the command of his inchanting art, Unlock the burfting flood-gates of the heart, [down And in the rapid, headlong fftreaan, bear The vanquifti'd foul, and make it all hie own. • JBuiivg to the Prolog** f Henry V, Digitized by VjOOQ IC i

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Poetkal Essays h MARCH, 1753. 137 ttopr Hit cKme, difftngtitth'd be the Vlbcn gente iheots fpentaaeons for the Not too laxwrtsm, nor too trimly neat, But, in loo* wildnefc. negligently great. O may the gen'rous plants, fb wond'roui rare, fwrei Ne'er want the tender hand ef foft'nng But, like Apollo** fav'rite tree, be fecn, For erer floerUhinfc, for ever green. M'Namaaa MoaqAH. Paeioavi and Epilogue to the new Tragedy of the tori of ESSEX, by Mr. Hesey Jon»«, lately afted with Applaufe at the Theatre Royal in G»- vent Garden. (See p. 121.) PROfcOOtfE. Spoken by Mr. Bxaar. UR deJfraU bard a bdld enturfion triesf Tbo* danger damfd bit wing , be detrd eortfe: [fprtng $ -From hope, begb raiid, aS glorious oBlons *Tts hence that heroes conquer, poets fing. Even be may feel tbt foul exciting fire, Fame prompts tbt btntbhft befcm to afpire. Without a guide this rafi attempt be made% Without a due from art, or learning* aid. He takes a tbeme Robert tend* ryfi paj/lons glow, A tbeme, your grandfirts felt with pUafing woe. Bsssx* fad tah be firives to tUatb anew, And hopes to place it in a fironger view, Poets, Hie painters, may, by equal law, The laboar'd piece from different mafiersdraw: Perhaps improve tbe plan, add fire and grace, Amdfinkt tb% impaffion'd foul through all tbt face. Haw far oar author bos fecur'd a claim To this exalted faba, this rur/Fd- for fame, * gytnrous fentimentt wilt foon declare : o my is ever from to /pare- *7Wen fonu bcree bleeds To fave bis country, then her powers infpire, And fouls congenial catch the patriot fire.— When bold oppreffion grinds a fufftring latuj | When the keen dagger gleams in murder* s band j W$cn black con/piracy infecls tbe throng ; * Or fell revenge fits brooding o'rr his wrong s Then walks fie forth in terror ; at her fniva Quilt fi.rinkt appall* d, tbo* feated on a throne, & Bus Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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13* Poetical Essays in But the raek'd foul when dark fufpicions rend. When bothers bate, and Jons with fires con- tend 5 When clajbing intcrefis war eternal wage J And love, the tendereft paffion, turns to rage } Then grief on every vtfage fiands itnpreft, And pity throbs in every fetlinr breafl t Hope, fear, and indignation rife by turns, And tie firong fcene with various paffion burns. (jfkw ; Such is our tale.— Nor bhjb if tears Jboutd They're virtue'' s tribute paid to human woe, Sueh drops new luflre to bright eyes impart ) The fient witnefs of a tender heart : Such drops adorn the noblefi hero's cheek. And paint his worth, in Jtrokes that more than ffeak: Not be who cannot weep, but be who can, Shews the great foul, and proves himftlf a man. Ta do not idly grieve at others pain,^ Nor let the tears of nature fall in vain : Watch the ckfe crimes from whence their iff* have grown, [own* And from their frailties learn, to mend your An Hiftorical EPILOGUE. By tht AVTHOK. AN Eulocui, thro* cuflom, is your right, But ne'er perhaps was needful till this night. To- night the virtuous falls, the guilty fies, Guilt's dreadful clofe our narrow fcene denies* In hiftorft autbentick record read What ample vengeance gluts Demetrius* /bade : [told. Vengeance fo great, that when bis tali is With pity fome, even Perfeus may behold, Perfeus furviv'd, indeed, and fll'd tht throne. But ceafelefs cares in conoue/l made bim groan. Nor reign d he long j from Romtfwift thun- der flew, [threw : And headlong from bis throne the tyrant Thrown headlong down, by Rome in triumph led, Tor this night's deed, bis perjur'd bofom bled. His brother's gbofl each moment made him ftart, And all bis father's anguijb rent his heart; When rob'd in black his children round him hung, And their rais'd arms in early forrow wrung; The younger fmiVd, unconfeious of their woe; At which thy tears, O Rome ! began to flow, [A A So fad the fcene t What then mufl^ Perfeus To fie Jove'i race attend the v'tclor's wheel s T* fee the flaves of his worft foe encreafe, From fiich ajcurce I— An emperor t embrace. He fcken'd foon to death, and, wbatisworfe, lie well defcrv'd, and felt the coward's curfe : Uuphy'd, feorn*d, hfulted-bis laft hour, ^ar, far from home, and in a va/pzl's power* MARCH, 1753T His pale cheek reftod on his pamtfnl cham* No friend to mourn, no flatterer to fug** No fait retards, no comfit t fiotbs bis doom, And not one tear bedews a monarch's tomb. Nor ends it thus— dire vengeance to eompleat. His ancient empire fa/ling, pares bis fate* His throne forgot I His weeping country chain' d I And nations a/k—Wbere Alexander reign' d. As publick woes a prince's crimes purftte, t . So, publick bleffngs are bis virtue's due. Shout, Britons, /bout !—Au£icious fortune blefst And cry, long live— OVR title to fuccefs ! A humorous E»istl* of a facetious Young Lady be rhymed. To Mrs. E. MY knowledge of your temper, ane\ That you will be at my command, Induces me, dear Ma'm, to crave For once you'd be my humble dave : To Mr. M— ton then apply, To you he nothing can deny } Beg him to pardon my offence, Th' effect of female- innocence. As I his friendship highly prise, V 11 on my knees, and never rife Until forgivenefs I obtain, And be efteem'd his friend again. No other man in all the world, Though I were kick'd, and tofs'd, 4r hurlM From hence to the antipodes, Shou'd ever bring me on my knees „ To aik forgivenefs of thofe crimes, J might commit a thousand times : But this to him 1*11 freely do, Whene'er he orders it by you. Madam, I from your houfe to-day* With great regret, hate ftaid away, *Caufe your preceptor Til not fee Until he's reconcil'd to me, Which by your means he foon may be : j This is the very great defire Of pretty, foiling, Nancy Spier. P. S. This letter, Ma'm, he need not fee But if he mou'd, tell him from me 5 1 hope thofe faults he (hall detect, He'll very candidly correct. C. Mo* TOM. } Holt School in Norfolk, Thfcrfiiajb February »6, 1753. J. H. to the Head Scholar J. B. Officium no/hum erga Diom. Our duty towards God. NUNC tu, mi BurreUe, audi 1 te namq; docebo, flendns. Et paucis, qui animus tibi fit rfttsone co- Imprimis, unum efle Dium meditare fre- quenter, [omnipotentem, Xmmenfum, sternum, fummum, optimum* Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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Poetical Ess a y s in ^mlum, et tote fulgentta/ftr* ccelo, Csccraq; ant ocolis ef>ta, aut non *fta vi- deri, Ek nihiU, nuto folo, fine tempore fecit j FaQaq; perpetuo Audio ftrvatq: regitq; Hone venerare* time, cole, lauda, at fs?pe precare, [occidit, ct quum Node dieqi oritur quum fol, quumq; iEquaH fpatiometa disjun&us utrflqj eft : Nam prima eft virtus, prima eft fapientia, Repent [agnofcerc, amareK Ccelkolum PItiim, per Cm si stum, Sinceroq; animo, laudarc, timere, precari. Hoc fine mrtutet alias nihil efle putato : Hoc ver& foluro penfc eft iatis. Ergo teneto Cordc ac mente Dcvm (sepe, et fsepe ore vocatos H«c ad virtates alias eft /«mm; quippe Divino nequeunt prorfus fine numine ha- ben Vtrtutes aUse, et nequeunt vats ipfa caved. Imitated mEmcliir Hikoicki,' By tbefaid J. B. YOUNG Barrel, hear me! While ad- vice I give [to live. How, in the way towards blifs you ought Know firft, that there's but one Al- mighty Oo», Jmmenfe, eternal, by whofe powerful nod All things were made both human and divine, [mine Seen or unieen ; yon htavnt and orbs that Therein, fun, whom, and Jiars $ this earth, and all Tfcat/n*t ormovestm earth's felf-poifed ball; And all from nothing : Who, with equal eafe, Still rules and governs tbefe as well as tbefe. Him fear, him reVrence, worflnp and 1 obey, [pray, I To him for grace and faith devoutly > Both morn and evening, and at midft I Of day: J Firtne*nd wijdtm will in this appear, If Con, through Christ, you call D by prayer 1 MARCH, 1753. 139 CtLiH and Phoiii. A Niw Song. WHERE the jeflamin fweetenstho bower, ■ And cowflips adorn the gay green, And the rofes refrefli'd by the mower Contribute to brighten the fcene, In a cottage retirement there lives Young Colin and Photbe the fair, The bleffings each other receives, In mutual enjoyment they (hare. And the lads and the lanes that dwell ort the plain [fwain. Sing in praife of fair Phoebe, and Colin her a. The fweets of contentment fuppfy The fplendor and grandeur of pride $ No wants can the fhepherd annoy. While bleft with his beautiful bride. He wifties no greater delight Than to tend on the lambkins by day, And return to his Phoebe at night, His innocent toil to repay. And the lads tell the lafles, in hopes to prevail, [the vale. They're as conftant as Colin who lives in If her lover delighted appears, The fair one partakes of his blifs ; If dejected, me fooths all his cares, And heals all the pain with a kifs : She defpifes the artful deceit That is praftis' d in city and court, And thinks happinefs no where compleat But where mepherds and nymphs do refort. [in defpair, And the lads tell the lafles they die Unleft they are kind as Phoebe the fair. Ye fwains who're accuftom'd to rove, And each innocent fair one betray j No longer be faithlefs in love The dictates of honour obey ; Ye nymphs who with beauty are bleft, With virtue improve ev'ry grace, For the charms of the mind, when potTcft, Will dignify thofc of the face. And ye lads and ye lafles, whom Hymen has join'd, Like Colin be conftant, like Phoebe be kind, G. Roitot. To the Author of the Bail of Ess it. TO rouze the indolent ! to wake the brave ! To refcue glory from the dreary grave! To fhew the ftrange vicinltudes of fate 5 And trace the aftions of the good and great! To tune the' firings that harmonize the whole, [foul • And paint the paflions of the human To touch the mind with fympatherick woe^ And bid the fpark of emulation glow v Si To Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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Poetical Essays in MARCH, 1755. F40 To ftamp bright virtue's image on the heart j [art I For this • -the gods ordain'd the tragick For chefe great ends, by blooming fancy fir'd, By fcience prompted and by heavfeintpir'd, To art and nature'* toprooft height ju> foar, Arofe the bards, in ages now no more ! Then merit flouriih'd, poets then were bold, • Protcded by the Boyle* and Chefterfields of old.* Bot now, alas I in ur degenerate time, When mod deem poetry the knack e€ rhyme 5 When fenfo and learning meet with faeH refpea. [left 1 And what their (ires ador'd their feot neg- When party int'refts govern works of wit 5 And ourts and theatres alike fubmit j Vent'rous is he who thinks to ples/e the age, [fiago; And huiVds his hope on the precarious Who dares the hatred merit's Cure to gain* The din of fool^ and cnyy of the vain. This rhou had done i the paJm.admit* thy claim ! On Etfex's, eftablith'd ftands thy. fame* Hail mar chiefs bard !— enraptured Jones, we fee The hero loft by Rinks, retriev'd by thee ! With knowledge fraught, imbib'd from Greece and Rome, Profoundly vers'd in each recorded tome; In ev*ry ancient, ev'ry modern read, With loads of lumber treafur'd in his head* The pedant launces in purfuit of fame* And thinks the fcholiaft and the bard the fame ; But foon his dream-like flett'ring vifion flies. His audience cenfure, and the wits defpife $ Hence oft* we find in fome o'er-labour'd tale The fcholar pleafe us, but the poet fail. True genius only builds an author*! name; This lifts him to the pinacle of fame* The enliv'ning warmth, the all creative glow, Learning may aid, but nature muft bellow; This hies the foul, th* ideas to refine, And finks the man in fomething more divine ; This ftill irradiates, tho* untaught the mind, Dire&s the frnfe, and paints the thought deti^r'd. [beams Thus while refptendent Pheebus darts his O'er verdant meadows, groves and lucid iireams, f«y««» The rural profpeel tempts the admiring Ard, void of art, a thoufand beauties rife. Stanhope ! thou patron of th* instruc- tive train ? [again j Tiuy wao£» indulgence Eflex Uvea How doit thou vary from the croud ! fs»t proud J Tho* wife, yet modeft 5 and the* great. Thee, heav'n created with all virtues bright, [polite * With fenfe weU poluVd, and with wit Taught thee for Britain to dined thy aim, And with the poet's, tan the patriot*! flame ; To bid each fcience, ev'ry art incrcafe, The blifsful fruits of liberty and peace. Av'rice too oft' o'er wealth afierta its force, [course t Subjeds its pow'r, and bars its dcftin*d Deipts'd by thee ! thy gen*rooa bosons knows Th* eflential good which affluence bcAow&s Did e'er tntrinfic worth its sate deplore ? Tby heart was touch*d, and merit dcoop'd no more. [choice t Be others niggards \ thine's a happier Thy godlike deeds confirm the patriot's voice. What's all the, gaudy pageantry of (late f Can tinfel grandeur form a mortal great f No,— tho' th* external glare attracts our eyes, [guise. Oft* meanefs lurks beneath the lair dif- Oh, CheAerfield 1 bow bright thy virtue's ray ! [ decay 1 That ! that ! mail mine, when titles (hall But flop, fond ftjiufc ! the bard 'tis thine to fing j The patron foers above tby lowly wittg. *Tt the Rev. Dr. Young, ** bis exeaffonX Tragedy, calUd 7£# Brothers. IO N G honovr'd bard ! great Neftor of the flage ! [*Vc» Retaining ftill thy genius, ftrength, and By time corrected, end improv'd by ago t This lafl greet work our children Jhall admire : This, this compteats thy pyramid of fame. And with immortal bards enrols thy lafl* ing name. Bearing Mifs Dayhi (nine Teen tf Age) fratlijtrtg on the Harfficbwd, end Gcrmen- Flute, againfi her Benefit. THE Roman fair (her father fiVd in chains) '[fuftains t From her own hreaft bis waibng faun* The fon of Croefus, trembling for his fire, Bur A* into Speech, and levee him frmm the fire. With equal piety this infant maid, Calls forth her genius, in a • parent** aid $ [delight, When rapt'rous founds the lhVmng (fesUb As flow'rs, that faring forth early, charm the fight, • 4Jkk^mtker> «T* Digitized by VjOO<J l€

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PtetUal Essays in MARCH, 1755. g4I O won4eous talent, in* child To young; A theme may claim fome kindred feraph't tOAgUO ! ABviLoovt defomdJy Mir. Foote, y*r **» 7raffl^ / rW &»/ of Essue. [«S>*k* A * /A# ***/>«r a/ to entrance] WELL I well ! I'll do your bufinefs, honeit friend j [mend. *TU your ftrft piece, is time perhaps you'll • [Omttfinuar*} ladies and gentlemen. The author by me preterits a petition, Which he begs may be read with your gracious permiffion. [not how true) ft fets forth, that in Dublin (I know He pull*d down old houfe*, and built them up new ; [the year) That on April the firit, (he forgetteth Of the day of the month he is certain and clear | [hod, As he tempered his mortar and handled his There pop'd in his head a new fancy and odd $ [writing a play $ *Tw«, that building an houfe was like That both works were created the very . lame way 5 [folks in j That the portal was prologue to mew the That the hall and the entry open'd the fcene ; [throughout. That the plan was the flairs, to lead you By an intricate, puzsling, yet uniform route } [be laid, That the plot mud as deep as the cellar Be as ftout as ftroog beer and tranfparent as mead ; [as thefe, ' Thatclofets and cupboards, and fuch things Were incidents proper to fill up the piecej And that ftucco and pointing were, in the laft place, [grace 5 The language and fentiment, fpirit and That the trowel and mortar were of an- gular ufe, fmafe. To plainer fome patron, to favour the Fraught with laflbn* like thefe our poet began 5 [like ye his plan ? What d'ye think of his houfe ? and how The building, 'tis true, is but Gothick and rude, / [good 5 But yet, for all that, the materials are And who knows, when your bounty ) has poli/h'd his lay, [vius one day j I But this bricklayer may prove a Vitru- > Come, *tis worth the experiment— -fa- 1 vour his play. 1 Full five rtories high be has mounted his hopes, [ropes $ But cri ticks take care, — he's on a ladder of Should ye cot but one cord, you'll crurt* all his bones \ [end of poor Jones, Adieu bricklayer and bard,— there's a^ A Dialoodi buwun tht Rt. Huu .. - ™— — **d Madam Popularity. In Imi- mm of Horace, Zta* III. Od. IX. H — ~P * \VHlhS£l™» ******** 7** And you was conftant, chafe, and wife* * re yet you had your favour* granted To ev'ry knave, or fool, who canted In peaceful joy I pafs'd each hour, Norenvy'd Walpole's wealth and pow'r. Madam Popularity. 2. Whilft I poflefs'd your love alone, My heart and voice were all your own 1 But on my foul, 'twoud vex a faint, When I've moft reaton for complaint. To hear you thus begin to fcold t Think on Britannia proud and old ! To ber your warmeft vows are plighted. For her I ev'ry day am flighted t m not her interests all your theme t Your daily labour, nightly dream ? . H P . 3. My jufr regard I can't deny For her, and her profperity { Nor am afham'd it is fo great, That J, to refcue her from debt. From foreign wars, and civj ftrife. 4. Wou'd freely fajcrifice my life. Madam Popularity. Her welfare always is preierr'd. And my neglected voice unheard * Examplesjiumerout I cou'd mention 1 A peace-^ad as the old convention t Money redue'd to three per cent. No pity on the poo*, who lent 5 Armies, that muft for ever itand, And Aill three (hillings kid on land. H P . g. Suppofenow, Madam, I wae willing For once to bate this grievous milling, To humour you — I know 'tis wrong*-. But you have fuch a curfod tongue. Madam Popularity. 6. Why then, though rough as winds* and fea.i, You fcorn all little arts to pleafe, Yet thou'rt honert, fairh, and I 7. With thee alone will live and die. 1. Donee gratus eram tibi, Ncc quifquam potior, arc. 2. Donee non alii magis Arfifti, *c. 3. Me nunc Threfla Chloe regit, &c, 4. Pro qua non metuam emori, Sec. 5. Quid fi prifca redit Venus ! fcc. i. — — — — improbo Iracundior Adrid, 7. Tecum vivere amem, tecum obeam Ubens* 4 Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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141 Affai* ^rEjixabcth "Canning mdtbeGypfy. March- _ . why did this girl conceal the period who A further Account oflk Afirir of t\ws cruelly oied her ? It could dot be a -•■ ELIZABETH CANNING. iover ; for among all the cruelties, by SINCE the trial and condemnation of which men have become infamous in their Mary Squires, the gypfy- woman, for commerce with women, none of this kind the robbery committed on£li*abcth Ca©r can be produced. Agajn, what motive ning, of which we have already given an can be invented for her laying this heavy account, p. 117, people havebeenftrange- ^ charge on thole who are innocent ? Can ly perplexed and divided in their opinions it be believed, that a young girl (hardly it concerning the guilt or innocence of the years old, who hafh the unanimous tefti- condemned person. What led them into niony of all who have known her from jthe opinion of the latter, U mentioned Jby her infancy, to fupport thejeharaaer of a the Inipedor, in his papers of the 9th virtuous, modeft, fober, well-difpoJed and 14th of this month. He fays,, he girl) would endeavour to take away the was told there were affidavits in the hands. ' jives of an old woman, her fon, and of Mr. Ford, and afterwards of the lord- R another man, as well as to ruin ano- mayor, proving thai Squires was at Ab- *» ther woman, without any motive what- botfbury in Dorfetlhirc, at the time when ever f As to any motive of getting mo- the robbery was faid to have been com- ney, nothing can be more groundkfs and mined : That Virtue Hall had declared evidently falfe, than this fuggeftion. The ftefore the lord-mayor, that what me had fubfeription was fet on foot, long after fwern againit Mary Squires was falfe ; the girVs return to her- mother, by (everat that this woman was not in Wells's well difpofed neighbours, and fubftantial houfe on the day when the robbery was tradefmen, in order to bring a let of hor> laid to be committed, nor for Come weeks Q rid villains to juftke j which then ap- after ; that no fuch robbery ever was peared fas it hath fince proved) to be a. committed there at all, and that E. Can* matter that would be attended with con- ning never was in the houfe until brought ' fiderable cxpence. The ftrft propofer of down to it by thofe who carried on the a reward to the girl was a noble lord, profecution : That two men of onexcep- who was prefent at the laft examination tiooable character, having come op from of this matter in Bow-ftreet. Again, as Abbotfbury on purpofe, and having virtu the girl can fcarce be fuppofed wicke4 ed Mary Squires in perfoit,-nad fworn, enough, (he .certainly is not witty enough that they faw her at Abeotmuryoo Jan. 1, ^to invent fuch a ftory : She is a child ia and from that time-to the roi and that years, and yet more fo in underftanding, the is the identical Mary Squires mention- with all the marks of fimpticity that ever ed in the affidavits and certificates font were difcovered in a human countenance* tip before : That the lord mayor had Another improbability of the falmood of granted his warrant for apprehending E. her ftory arifes from the manner in which Canning ; and we are fince told that four this girl hath fupported it. Before nobie- pcrfons are bound for her appearance in men, and magi Orates, and judges, per- the penalty of 50I. each. E tons who muft have infpired a girl of this; On the 16th was published a pamphlet, kind with the higheft awe, (he went thro* entitled, A cW Stsa of the Cafi rf Eliia- her evidence without hefitation, contufi- beth -Canning, by Henry Fielding, £/jrj of on, trembling, change of- countenance, which the following is an abftract. or other apparent emotion. As fuch a In this pamphlet, the narrative of E. behaviour could proceed only from the Canning's being feized in Moorficlds, ftc. higheft impudence, or rnoft perfect iimo- is given, which may be teen in our account cence, fo it feemed clearly to arife from of the trial, p. 127. Next, the objecu- « the latter, being accompanied with loch on* to the truth of it are placed in the r a (hew of decency, modefty, and (impli- ftrongeft light, and fatisfaclorily anfwer- city, that, if thefe were all enacted ed j and the improbability of her ftory be- (which thofe who difljelieve her muft fop* ing falfe clearly (hewn. That the girl, pofe) it muft have required not only the; after the abfence of a month, returned in nigheft art, but the longeft practice and the dreadful condition, that has been habit, to bring it to fuch a degree of per- publimed, is a known fact. A very fair region. Another improbability is, that preemption follows, that (he was con- this girl (hould fix on a place fo far from ftned fomewbere, and by fome perfon j Q home, and where it doth not appear (ho that /he was almoft ftarved to death j that had ever been before. In this point, her sne was confined in a place whence it was evidence ftands confirmed by the declare- difficult to make her efcape ; that, how- tion of Wells herfelf. It is true indeed, ever, this efcape was poffible 5 and that that as to htr being confined there, Weilo ajt lea$h (he adually made it. Now, utterly denies it j But (he as pofitively affirm^ Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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1753* 7nfiice Fiii-dincV State of the Casi , 6?r. 143 affirms, that Canning was never there at led againft the live* of feveral innocent any other time, nor in any other manner, peffons. On the other fide, if the evi- Hence arises an utter imponlbility of the dence of £. Canning is true, and perjury talihood of her ftory 5 for unlefs this poor mould, neverthelefs, prevail againft her, girl had been well acquainted with the an innocent young creature, who hath boose, the hayloft, the pitcher, &c. how futTcred the moft cruel and unheard of was it poffibJe At me mould defcribe injuries, is in danger of being rewarded them all fo wy exactly as me did, at her £ for them by ruin and infamy 5 and what return Co her mother's, in the prefence of mud extremely aggravate her cafe, and fuch numbers of people ? Nay, (he de- will diftinguith her mifery from that of fcribed likewife the profpect that appear- all other wretches upon earth, is, that ed from the hayloft with fuch exactnefs, ihe will owe all this ruin and infamy to as required a^ong time to furnifh her this ftrange circumftaocc, that her fuffer- witb the particulars. Another improba- ings have been beyond what human lia- bility i$, that me mould charge the gypfy ture is fuppofed capable of bearing - woman, when me muft have known whilft robbery, cruelty, and the moll im- that woman could prove an alibi Ther be- *» pudent of all perjuries, will efcape with sng elfewhere] and not Susannah Wells, impunity and triumph 3 and therefor* who could have no fuch proof. will to efcape, becaufe the barbarity of . But the point of evidence, which was the guilty parties hath rifen to such a pitch the principal foundation of that credit of wanton and untempted inhumanity, which the author of the State of the Cafe beyond all pombility of belief. gave to this extraordinary ftory, is, the At to my own conduct in this affair, I agreement, in fo many particular circum- know it to be highly justifiable before God Stances, between the evidence of Elix. Can- Q and before man. I frankly own, I nlng, and Virtue Hall. (Seep. 127, Sec.) thought it entitled me to the very reverie That Virtue Hall had never feen or heard of cenfure. The truth is, the fame mo* the evidence of Elix. Canning at the rime tive prevailed with me then, which prin- when me made her own information, is a ctpally urged me to take up my pen at - fait. And even fince her apoftafy flic does this .time, a defire to protect innocence, not pretend to say that Canning and (he laid and to detect guilt j and the delight in fo this ftory together j but imputes her evi- doing was the only reward I ever expecr- dence to her being bullied and threatened ed, fo help me God. And I have the into it \ which, to the knowledge of ma- ry fatisfa&ion to be allured, that thofe who ny, h a moft impudent fal/hood : And, know me beft, will moft believe me* In secondly, afcribes her agreeing with E. folemn trudi, the only error I can ever Canning to having heard her deliver her be charged with in this cafe is an error evidence s which, befides being impofli- in fagacity. If E. Canning be guilty of Me, can be proved to be another no tori- a falfe accufation, I own, me hath been •us talmoed by a great number of wit- capable of impofing on me : But I have sseues of indisputable credit. the comfort to think the fame impofition 1 have this very afternoon (Sunday the _ hath palled not only on two juries, but xtth inft.) adds the author of the State E like wife on one of the beft judges that of the Cafe, read over a great number of ever fat on the bench of juftice, and on affidavits corroborating the whole evidence two other very able judges, who were of Canning, and contradicting the alibi prefent at the trial. defence of the gypfy woman. Thefe af- I do not, for my own part, pretend to sadaviu are by unquestionable witnetles, infallibility j tho* I can at the fame time and fworn before three worthy juftices of with truth declare, that I have never' the county of Middlefex, who live in fpared any pains in endeavouring to detect the neighbourhood of Enfield- Warn. ft falmood and perjury ; and have had fome Upon the whole : This cafe, whether very notable fucceft that way. In it be considered in a private or in a pub- this cafe, however, one of the moft lick light, deferves to be fcrutinized to fimple girls 1 ever faw, if me be a wicked the bottom : And that can be only done one, hath been too hard for me. Sup- by the government'* authorizing fome pofing her to be fuch, me hath indeed very capable and very indifferent perfons moft grofsly deceived me, for I remain to examine into it, and particularly into ftiU in the fame error : And I appeal in tho sUbi defence of Mary Squires the gyp. ^ the moft folemn manner to the Almighty, fy woman. On the one tide, here is the ** for the truth of what I now auert. 1 am at lit* of a fubjclt at ftake, who, if her de- this very time (on this 15th day of March, fence is true, is innocent 5 and a young 1753) as firmly pcrfuaded, as I am of fir] guilty of the blackeft, moft premedi- any fact in this world, the truth of which fjsied, and moft audacious perjury, level* defends fofeJy on the evidence of others, 5 that Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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144 Vi n t tr e vindicated from B* vr w?s Slander. MareTf. that Mary Squirts it tuiky of the robbery ind luxury, then the narrow opinions of and cruelty of which me ftand* convicW } epicurifm, adapted to that ftate of things, that the Mi defence is not only a falfe began to take place of the generous <**• one, but a falfhood very eafy to be pra&if- of ftofcifm, tHI every thmg at laft ed on all occafiont where there are gangs venal : Even Aniens, who was rich, ge- of neoBle as gypfies, &c. That very foul nerous and a lover of his country, ytt *y and uniuftifiable pratfices have been ufed the felnto principles 4 his philofophy* in this whole affair fince the trial 5 and, A would not difturb his own private peace that E. Canning is a poor, honed, inno- to fecure that of his country, in Which cent, fimple girl, and the moft unhappy yet his own was involved. Thus by and moft injured of all human beings. It the fathire of this principle of virtue, is this pcrfuafion alone, which occafioned the good of the public^ wa» eonfuh- me to give the publick this trouble : For, cd but by a few 5 and ofte of thefc few as to myfelf, I am, in my own opinion, M. Brutus wae, by phHofophy, by prin- as Httle concerned in the event of this dple and by Wood, being descended from whole matter, as any other man whatever, that L. Junius Brutus, who expelled Tar- • » o quin and his fon for their tyranny, and Virtue vimka/ud fim BaeteVf MmnV a ^pe committed on a Roman tody. The •fit* image of this anceftor, which he net SOMETIME fince .the Cambridge always before his eyes, the ftudy of the journal told us, that the honourable ftoical diicipline under Cato, and the high members for that univerfity, had given eo notions he had conceived of virtue from guineas to four bachelors of arts, that both, made him lift himfeif on Pompey** AaH compofe the beft exercifes on two fide againft Caefar, the invader of the IWbjeas there named j the firft of which /- laws of his country: Vet Brutus could Aibjccts was an enquiry into the life and not but fee that the odds, both fct n*m- philofophy of M. Brutus, particularly ber and power, were all his fife againft with refpeel to that reproach thrown on him and virtue, or that virtue was Tub* eirtue, in the words which he is laid to jet* to fortune » He might (ee this lonfc have pronounced juft bclore he killed him- before in his friend Cicero's banimtnent, felf : which were thefe, " Poor virtue ! in Pompe^s defeat, and Cssfsr's tri- 1 always took thee for iomething real, and umphs ; he faw it plainly in the cafe of his I find thee but a name, for thou art for- uncle Cato, who was driven to the like tune*s flave." ** necefflty with himftlf to lay violent hands This opprobrious fpeech, fo contrary to on himfeif, or fee his country enfUved* the philofophy and genius of fce fpeaker, The bad ftate of public k affairs might well is either forged and fathered upon him, or make Brutus apprehend, thar there were was the fuggeftionofadifordered, troubled not virtuous men enough bv power to mind, on the dark ftate of his own and ftve the ftate j but why mould it give publick affairs at that time t The Roman him an ill opinion of virtue ? He had writers fcarce fuffered a great man to read what wonders had been wrought make his exit without imerefting heaven g by it of old, and had experienced much in his death 5 and the belief of omens from it : for was the virtue of Cicero and prodigies made a material part of nothing but a name, which detected and that philofophy which Brutus had em- fubdued the confpiracy of Catihne, and for braced, 5 accordingly we are told, his evil that time faved the commonwealth ? And genius came firft to a flu re him he would was his own aft in killing the tyrant in meet him in the field of Philippi, and the fenate houfe, which made the Wet then appeared again juft before the battle of March ever memorable to a!! good to let him know he was as good as his men, no more than a nominal benefit? word : This might caft a damp on his " Or did the want of fuccef* ever make him tfpirit j but tho* this was an abfurd doc- or Cicero think the worfe of that deed trine held by* the Stoicks, their notions of afterwards? Why then mould his own Virtue were exalted and fubllme j by want of fbecefs in the battle of Philippi this principle, they never a&ed upon make him cry out, that virtue was but mean and felAfh motives, but made the a name ? Nothing but defpair and de- good of their country the objeft of their fpondertcy could make him thus contradict aim ; for by virtue the Romans meant himfeif, and condemn all the pa ft aeHtofts the good of their republick ; and to the Q of his life 5 and his own words, if hti long and general prevalence of this notion, own, which he fays difparaging of virtue* Was owing that heroifm which we meet may more properly be applied and turned With To often among that people, and to • upon himfeif -x Poor B utus ! I took thee ' it muft be attributed the grandeur, extent for a man, but find at laft nothing manly And duiation of their empire : But when in thee, for thou art a Dave to fortune and 'heir conquefts had introduced riches given to change. THE Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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THE Monthly Cbronologer. t HE following is as melati- choly and affe&ing a re- lation of diftrefs at Tea as perhaps was ever known* Capt. Nathaniel Pierce, of the Portfmouth bri- gantine, belonging t6Mr. Robert Odcorne, merchant, of Pifcata- qua in New- England, left that port about Nov. 22, 1752, bound to Louifbourg, with a cargo chiefly of lumber 5 the crew, betides the commander, conii fling of the following perfons, viz. Nathaniel Barns, mate ; David Brown, William Langdon, Timothy Cotton, Longford a ftegromao, all refidents of Pifcataqua, be- sides William Williams of Liverpeol ; Thomas Chambers of feme part of the North of England, and John OUfon, a Dutchman ; in all nine. They proceed- ed on their intended voyage with favour- able winds, and made the coaft of Cape- Breton, at about 10 leagues to the weft* ward, on Dec. 1. There came that day a gale of wind eafterly, with a dorm of /how, and exceeding cold. The crew be- ing much fatigued with it, prefled the captain to make the heft of his way to the Southward, which was immediately done by a general content j the cargo which was on board being proper for the Weft-IndJavfiarket. The wind on Dec. a, was more moderate, and varied to the northward and weft ward, anU continued not blowing over- hard until tfie 4th in the night, when a ftorm arofe at W. N. W. and they continued before the wind the remaining part of the night. The next day the ftorm continuing, about 4 in the afternoon the pump was focked, but about 5 the crew found they had iprung a leak, and required both pumps, 'which were fet to work diredly ; but notwithftandingall they could do, it conti- nued gaining upon them } and about 8 in the evening they found the veflel to be fell of water, and pumping to be of no manner of fervice. They bad all this time no fail fet, excepting the fore fail, which they Secured as foon as poflibte, mad got the foreyard clofe down, the vef* Jel then remaining to the mercy of the leas, and full of water. The crew had then no thoughts in this difmal fituation, but to fecure what provision and water they coufd, and get fome fait pork and beef from out of the fteerage, and like- 'Wife two (mall cheefes. The meat they Marsh, 1753. fecured by making a hole, and then put- ting a rope thro* it, with which they tied it to the quarter-deck, which was the only part that remained out of the water. The negroman, Longfordr by name, and Cook, were both loft that night. The fecond day after this proved moderate, when they broke open the fore-caftle, by which means two calks of water, and a barrel and half of apples floated to the fcuttle, Which they got upon the quarter- deck, and there fecured them. Dec. 9, about the dufk of the evening, in a very fevere fquall, the veflel fell on her ftarboard broad fide, when the crew all got in the beft manner they could on the broadilde to windward, the fea making a breach over them, and very cold. The fquall continued half an hour, and then abated s In the fquall William Langdort and John OUfon were loft ; and on looking after what provision they had fecured, fbund the water, apples and cheefealf gone, and nothing but the pork and beef re- maining, and the veflel's upper deck broke up, not any thing remaining in it 5 from this time they had never a drop of water, but what the heavens at times afforded them, an4 no other fuftenance but the fait pork. Either the 12th or 13th David Brown proved delirious, often aflting for beer, cyder, and other liquors, and was in the night loft. From this to the 15th they had fome light fhowers of hail, but could (ave but a fmall quantity, which each as foon as they got it eagerly devour- ed, and gave them fome fmall relief. The 16th Nathaniel Barns, the mate, di- ed upon the deck with hunger and cold, and was thrown into the fea* The 17th the lumber that was between decks was chiefly wafted away, and the remainder of the crew thought it beft, if by any means they coutd, to cutaway the main- maft. There were carpenter's and other tools in the fteerage, which was then full of water, and no poflibility of get- ting them but by diving, which Capt. Pierce himfelf did, and recovered an iron* crow and a carpenter's ax, by the help of which they cut away the main- maft. The day after this, Timothy Cotton proved delirious, jumped overboard, and was drowned. Capt. Pierce, with the two remaining men, were now in the greatell diftrefs ; and on the 19th Thomas Cham- bers and William Williams were both de- ttxious, having frequently dfanfc the> Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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146 The MONTHLY CHRONOLOGER. March own urine. There was then a hard gale of wind, and the fea broke very much over them, on which day the two laft mentioned men were warned overboara. Capt. Pierce from this day, the 19th to the 24th, remained alone, expecting eve- ry hour to be his laft, but was happily de- livered by the Elizabeth, Capt. Martin, bound from Halifax in Nova- Scotia, to Oporto. They had no bread from the day they were wrecked, and had no liquor but that aforementioned. We were informed, {hat the revenue ©f the duty of excife laid on beer and ale, amounted laft year in England and Wales to 1,120,565!. 7s. 3d. J. That the duty on malt in England and Wales, amount- ed to 568,1541. 8s. 4d : And the duty on malt and molofles fpirits in England and Wales, to 571,4291. 16s. lod. And that the whole revenue of excife in Eng- land and Wales, amounted laft year to 3,057,825!. 8s. 7d. *. By an a a of parliament made the 1 5th year of his prefent majefty, intitled, An Aft for more effectual preventing the counterfeiting of the current coin of this kingdom, and uttering and paying falfe and counterfeit coin, whoever mail make, coin or counterfeit any brafs or copper money, commonly called a half- penny or a farthing, and his, her, or their aiders, abettors, and procurers, being thereof convicted, mall fuffer two years imprifonment, and (hall find furety for their good behaviour for two years more. And any informer, he, (he, or they, (hall have from the (heriff of the county or city where fuch conviction (hall be made, the fum of iol. within one month after conviction. The magiftrates and inhabitants of Edinburgh, being defirous to improve that city, by widening the ftreets and avenues, and erecting an Exchange and other pub* lick buildings, have applied to parliament for leave to purchafe lands and houfes, and fuch other powers as are neceuary for executing their defign. i Friday, March 2. Came on at Guildhall, before lord chief juftice Lee, on an indictment preferred by the attorney- general, at the direction of one of his majefty's principal (Secreta- ries of ftate, the trial of Jofiah Knight, for feducing Jofeph Earl, a woollen ma- nufacturer, into the fervice of Spain, in - order to eftablith thofe manufacture there 5 who, after a hearing of five hours, was fourfd guilty. Monday, 5. The birth-day of her royal highnefs the* princefs of Hefle, his majefty's youngeft daughter, was celebrated, when her royal hlghneft entered the 31ft year of her age. Wednisday, 7. The annual fermon for the relief of poor diflcnting minifters widows and their children was preached in the Old- Jewry, when the collection amounted to near 400I. Thursday, 8. His ma'icfty went to the houfe of peers, and gave the royal aflent to the following bills, viz. An act for granting an aid to his majefty by a land tax, to be raifed in Great-Britain for 1753, at as. in the pound : An act to continue the duties on fait : An aft for punching mutiny and defertion, and for the better payment of the army and their quarters t An act for enforcing the laws for the better pre- fervation of the game 1 Two road, and feveral private bills. Virtue Hall, the girl who was evidence againft mother Wells, and Mary Squires, in the affair relating to Elizabeth Canning, declared before the Rt. Hon. the lord mayor, that all (he had (worn upon the trial was falfe j whereupon (he was com- mitted to the compter till this myftcrious affair can be looked into. (See p. 128.) FaiDAY, 9. The Rt. Hon. the lord- mayor, attend- ed by fome of the aldermen, was at Mr. AkermarTs houfe in Newgate- ftreet near two hours, to examine Sufannab Wells, of Enfield- Warn, concerning the robbery of Elizabeth Canning, when the faid Wells declared her innocence, and that (he never had fecn Elizabeth Canning till the time (he, the faid Wells, with others, were taken into cuftody and carried be- fore juftice Taihmaker, of Edmonton. Tuesday, 13. Was ended the great caufe where the attorney- general for his majefty was re- fpondent, and Mrs. Duptefis, appellant, from a decree of the court of Exchequer relating to the will and eftates of the late lord Coleraine ; when the decree was af- firmed for the refpondent. Letters patent of his majefty pafled the great feal, to confirm the faculty of his grace the lord bi(hop of Canterbury, con- ferring the degree of doctor in divinity on the Rev. Mr. Thomas Birch, rector of the united parime* of St. Margaret Pattens and St. Gabriel Fenchurcb, and fecretary of the Royal Society. This evening four of the gentlemen, who were concerned in carrying on the profecution in behalf of Elizabeth Can- ning againft Mary Squires and Sufaanah Wells, appeared before the right Hon. the lord mayor, and entered into a recog- nizance of ^ol. each for the appearance of the faid Elizabeth Canning at the next ftffions at the Old Bailey, 1 Th» Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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Tbe MONTHLY CHRONOLOGER. i47 1753 The Rev. Dr. Edward Young of Wel- wyn in Hertfordshire, long known to the world by his poetical and other works, has given the fociety for the propagation of the gofpel in foreign parts, the Turn of 1000 guineas : A noble benefaction ! There being reafon to apprehend that Mr. William Maude, of Sunderland, who has been milling ever fince Jan. 24 laft, was aflaflinated upon the high road j his majefty has been pleafed to promife his pardon, and a reward of 50I. to any one (the perfon who actually committed it excepted) who (hall difcover his ac- complices in the murder ; fifty guineas are alfo offered by the widow, and an- other fifty guineas by the Hon. Henry Vane and George Bowes, Efqrs. Thvksday, 15. At a general court of the Bank of Eng- land, a dividend was agreed to, of 2 % per cent, for intereft and profits for the half year ending the 5th of April next ; the warrants for which are to be delivered the 21 A of the fame month. Friday, j6. At the general quarter ftfiVns of the peace for Surrey, held at St. Margaret's hill, Jofeph Puller and Mary Harrifon were tried and convi&ed of counterfeiting and coining copper halfpence, and by tbe court fentenced to be imprifoned for two years in the county goal, and to con- tinue in goal till they find fureties for their good behaviour for two years more. The court ordered that the bafe halfpence and tbe tools and inftruments ufed by the prifoners, (hould be burnt by the hands of the common hangman on St. Mar- garet's bill the next day at 12 o'clock. Saturday, 17. This day there was a meeting of juf- tices at the fleece at Edmonton, to ex- amine into the affair at Enfield wafh ; when 23 perfons of credit in and about that neighbourhood made affidavits, that Mary Squires the gypfy was at and near that place at tbe time the robbery was laid to be committed. (Seep. 143.) The fame day came on to be tried before Mr. Juftice Clive at the aflizes at Chelms- ford in the county of Eflex, a caufe brought by the order of the noblemen and gen- tlemen aiTociated for the prefervation of the game, againft one Henry Wifeman a farmer and fhopkeeper in the (aid county, for keeping a net for the deftruction of the game, and for buying and having a brace of hares in his pofieflion, he not being qualified within any of the game laws. In the courfe of the trial it ap- peared clearly to the court and jury, that tbe defendant had for feveral years em- ployed many poor neceffitous people to go- out and funufh him with game, that hr provided them with all forts of engines * See Lond. Mag. ufed for deftroying the game, and that having dealt confiderably in that way, be was diftinguifhed by the name of King of the Poachers ; and the fact with which he was charged being proved againft him, the jury without any hefitation brought in a verdict againft the defendant for three feveral penalties of 5I. each j one for keeping a net, and the other two for hav- ing two hares in his pofTefTion. A fpecial jury had been fummoned to try the caufe, but 7 of them only appearing, 5 farmers were added to them to compleat the number. The defendant being a proper object for profecution, the verdict gave a general fatisfaclion to the country prefent, who are convinced from what appeared ' on the trial, that the intention of the af- fociation is not, nor ever was, to profe- ,cutc farmers without diftinflion. Thursday, 22. This morning Sir John Philipps, Bart* prefented to his majefty the memorial of many of the proprietors of eflates and ■ inhabitants in the feveral parishes adja- cent to Richmond New Park j fetting forth their right to highways thro' the fame for horfes, cattle, and all manner of carnages j to ftiles and ladders for foot- pafTengers ; to the liberty of digging gra- vel there to mend the roads ; to the free ufe of the water and water courfes there ; and to the liberty of cutting furzes, and gathering underwood for the ufe of ihe poor of the faid pari flies : Complaining, that they have of late been obflructed in, and totally deprived of the enjoyment of their faid ancient rights and privileges ; and praying a redrefs of thefe their grie- vances. The faid memorial was figntd by above 300 perfons *. At a meeting of the Royal- Society it was declared inconfiftem with the honour of the fociety to admit the fhewing of monflers there, as the ridiculous exhibi- tors made ufe of their countenance, and that of the royal family, and peifons of quality, as puffs to the populace. Tbe Lite Mrs. Stanton of Shrewfbury her "Receipt for tbe Bite of a Mad Dog. Take the herb trefoil, moufe-ear, dwarf- box, and periwinkle, of each an equal quantity ; dry them very well before the fire, then pound and fift them very fine \ take a large fpoonful three mornings to- gether failing in half a pint of new milk, three days before the full or change of the moon. Note, half the quantity is fufSdent for a child, and two fpoonfuls for any beaft or dog. All the above herbs muft be gathered in the month of May, and as dry as poffsble; when you have made the quantity you chufe, put it into glafs phials And flop them up very clofe. T a Mas* for lafl year, f, 358.

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148 MARRIAGES, DEATHS, &c. March Marriages and Bixths. Feb. 20. ODWARD Whitby, of the * Hi Middle- Temple, Efq; to Mi ft Dolman, of Litchfield. 28. Francis Swinhow, M. D. defend- ed from an antient Danim family in Nor- thumberland, to Mifs Jenny Read. March 4. Charles Styles, Efq; of Tewin near Farnham, to Mifs Vaughan, of Whitehall. 5. George Turner, Efq; of Penly-houfe near Weft bury in Wiltfhire, to Mifs Frew, of Wareham in Dorfetmire. 6. Thomas Gre^g, Efqj of the Exche- quer- office in the Temple, to Mifs Brown, of Barnet. 7. Thomas Dolman, of the Inner- Temple, Efq; to Mifs Dod. 9. Stephen Theobalds, Efq; of Luton, to Mifs Letitia Young, of Bloomfbury- tquare, a 15,0001. fortune. Rt. Hon. the lord Baltimore, to the la- dy Diana Egerton, youngeft daughter to the dutchefs of Bridge water. Capt. Obrien, of the foot guards, to the Hon. Mifs Obrien, daughter to the earl of Inchiquin. 12. Rev. Mr. Charles Halford, third fon of Sir Richard Halford, Bart, to Mifs Rebecca Sand well. 13. Hon. William Richard Chetwynd, Efq; only fon of the Rt. Hon. lord vifc. Chetwynd, to Mifs Woollafton, of St. James's fquare. Gyles Talbot, Efq; of Berkhamftead, to Mifs Maria Eafl,. of Mark- lane. Rev. Mr. Seeker, of Yardley in Hert- fordshire, nephew to the bifhop of Ox- fprd, to Mifs Bird, daughter of John Bird, Efq; of Coventry. Thomas Van, Efq; of Sudbury in Suf- folk, to Mifs Bromley, of Hatton -Garden. 17. Hon. Edward Cornwallis, Efq; memb. of pari, for Weftminfter, to Mifs Maria Townfhend, niece to the late lord Townfhend, a io,oool. fortune. 22. Marquifs of Carnarvon, to Mifs Margaret Nicoll, daughter of John Nicoll, Efq; late of Southcate in Middlefcx, with a fortune of 1 30,0001. Dr. John Bedford, of Durham, bro- ther to Dr. William Bedford, late phyfi- eian toCfirhVshofpital, to Mrs. Dolabel- la Horfeman, one of the coheirefles of Edward Horfeman, of Stirton in Rutland- fttfre, Efq; 24. John Hawkins, Efq; merchant in Broad- ft reet, to Mifs Storer, of Highgate. March 9. The lady of Edward Lafcelles, Efq; memb, of pari, for Scarborough, de- livered of a daughter. 12. Lady ForttTcuo, of a fon and heir. 17. The lady of Sir Evcrard Falkener, Knt. of a fon. 20. lady vifcQumefs Peter/ham, of a fon and heir. 23. The lady of the Hon. Richard Montague, Efq; of a fon and heir. 24. Marchionefs of Granby, of a daughter. Deaths. Feb. 17. |)T. Hon. Mary lady Salton, IX fitter to the late William earl of Aberdeen, and mother to the pre- fent lord Salton. The widow Coxon, at Rodgley in Der- byihire, in the 117th year of her age, who has left 173 children, grandchildren, and great grandchildren. Mrs. Warren, a maiden lady at Derby, aged 104. 27. David Lequefne, Efq; merchant, brother to the late Sir John Lequefne, Knt. late alderman of Broad-ftreet ward. March 2. Dame Sufannah Miller, aged 80, widow of Sir Borlace Miller, of Oxenhaugh in Hants, Bart. 3. Mr. George Sawbridge Ltttell, late a wbolefale ironmonger in Coleharbour. 4. Alexander Rofs, Efq; writer to the fignet at Edinburgh, and folicitor to the crown for their affairs in Scotland. 7. Mrs. Keene, re lid of Charles Keene, Efq; of Lynn in Norfolk, and mother of his excellency Benjamin Keene, Efq; his majefty's ambatiador at Madrid, and of the Rt. Rev. the lord bifhop of Chefter. Chefter Fern, Efq; at Abington in Cam- bridgeshire, of an antient family and good cftate, in the commiftion of the peace, and lately high-merifF for that county. ii. Rt. Hon. Charles Stourton, baron Stourton of Stourton in the county of Wilts. 12. Peter Elers, Efq; of Chelfea, one of his majefty's juftices of the peace for Middlefcx. Richard Smith, Efq; of the Weargs near Wolverhampton, who fome time fmce married a daughter of Sir John Aft- ley, Bart. 14. Rt. Hon. Charles Bennet, earl of Tankerville, lord Oflulfton, and knight of the thiftle : He is fucceeded by nis tldeft fon, Charles lord Oflulfton, now earl of Tankerville, &c. 17. James Vernon, Efq; an eminent Turkey -merchant. 20. Commodore Brown, commimoner of Chatham yard, a gallant officer, who was at the taking of Porto- Bcllo, where be bravely commanded the (hip that at- , tacked the iron caftle. Mr. Francis Price, an eminent architect, and furveyor of the cathedral church of Sarum, author of the Britith Carpenter 5 and, A feries of obfervations on the above* mentioned cathedral. Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1753- PROMOTIONS, BANKRUPTS, &c. *i. Drigue Olmius, E(q; at Woodford in Eflex, immenfely rich. 22. Rt. Hon. Thomas Trevor, baron Trevor of Broomham in the county of Bedford : He has left iflue only one daugh- ter, the prcfent dutchefi of Marlborough, and is facceeded in dignity and eftate by the Hon. John Trevor, Efq; memb. of pari, for wbodftock, and one of the Welch judges. 24. Jofcph Dobbins, Efq; filazer of the court of Common- Pleas for the county of Devon, and an eminent folicitor in, chancery. Ecclesiastical Piifeimints. DR. Thackeray promoted to the arch- deaconry of Surrey, by the bifhop of Winchefter. — Mr. Nicholas Herbert, preferred to the rodory of Ludlow in Shropshire. — Mr. Jarvis, chofen le&urer of Chrift-church, Spitalftelds in the room of Mr. Dubourdieu, who refigned. — Mr. Robert Den ham, prefented to the vicarge ' of Stone! y in Warwickshire.— Mr. Jones, chofen minifter, or chaplain, of St. Savi- our's, Southwark. — Mr. John Ella, pre- sented to the vicarage of Miflyn in Not- unghamwire. — Thomas Hughes, M. A. to the vicarage of Loppington, in Shrop- shire.—Mr. John Standerwick, by the court of aldermen and common-council of Norwich, to the vicarage of Shropham in Norfolk.— Mr. Griffith, by the Abp. of York, to the rectory and parim church of Freeton in Yorkshire,— Mr. Wiggins, by the lord Edgcumbe, to the re&ory of Croftoo in Yorkshire, where he had been curate upwards of 30 years. — Mr. Myd- hope Walhs, to the redory of St. EndU- ion in Cornwall. — George Churchey, M. A. to the vicarage of Stoke- Gamber $n Somerfetfhire.— Mr. Jackfon, B. D. by the duke of Bedford, to the living of Thornhaughin Northamptonfture.— Grif- fith Williams, M. A. by Mr. Guiltier and Mr. Carter, at the nomination of Mrs. Aylett, purfuant to an order of the high court of Chancery, to the vicarage of Creat-Totham in Eflex. Promotions Civil and Military. HON. Mr. Hawey, made one of the clerks of the privy- feal, in the room of Robert Tothill, Efq; deceafed.— James Huficjt Efq; made- a lieutenant in the fo- cond reg. of foot- guards.— Bamber Gaf- coyoe, Efqj of Lincoln's- Inn, unanimously appointed by the court of aldermen, judge of tbe Borough-court, Southwark, upon the recommendation of the Rt. Hon. the lord - mayor, his father.. — Horatio Sharp*, E(qj made governor of Mary- land, being appointed by lord Baltimore proprietary of that province, and approve 149 ed by his majefty.— Michael Shtrwin, Efqj made a capt. in Sir Robert Rich's reg. of dragoons.— Richard Manning, Efq; made a capt. in Howard's reg. of foot. Catbcart, Efqj made a capt. in the royal reg. of dragoons. — Mr. Grin- dal, chofen an additional furgeon in ordi- nary to the London- hofpital— Rt. Hon. the earl of Northumberland, made lord lieutenant and cuftos rotulorum of Nor- thumberland ; and of the town and coun- ty of Newcaftle upon Tyne.— Henry Vane, Efq; made lieutenant of and in the county of Durham. — Alexander Stuart, Efq; made keeper of Ludlow-caftle.— Mr. Rifoliere and Mr. Thomfon, chofen afliftant furgeons to the London- hofpital. — Mr. George Leach, appointed clerk of the works to Chelfea- hofpital, in the room of John Lane, Efq; deceafed* New Mimbiri. RUTLANDSHIRE, Thomas Noel, Efq; in the room of John Noel, Efq; deceafed. St. Maws, Sir Thomas Clavering, Bart. — lord Sundon, deceafed. St. Michael's, William Ne/bit, Efqx Albert Ne/bit, Efq; deceafed. B — xa— ti. GEO ROE Kendall, late of Billericay, in Eflex, baker.—-John Townfend, of St. James's, Weftminfter, vintner. —Thomas Banks, of the parim of Chrift- church, Southwark, hat-maker and deal- er.— Richard King, of London, merchant. — Robert Terry, late of Ipfwich, linen- draper.— Edward Webb, of St. Dunftan*a in the Eaft, dealer.— Thomas MarfhaN, formerly of Bifhopfgate-ftreer, but now of Newgate- ftreet, tobaconift. — Thomas Mafley, late of Cbefter, linen-draper.— William Alien, of Witham, in Eflex, (hopkeeper.— John Reade and William Beach, of Parliament- ftreet, Weftmin- ter, linen-drapers and partners — Ifaac Sugdon, of Long- lane, near the borough of Southwark, clothier. — John Macky, of Fleet- ftreet, taylor. — Thomas Stephen - fon, of Stockton upon Tees, in the coun- ty of Durham, (hip-carpenter.— Ifaac Tarrat and Richard Taylor, of Cheap- fide, linen-drapers and partners. — Wil- liam Cooke, late of Bafing- lane, London, merchant.— Henry Clapcett, late of Bed- ford-ftreet in the parim of St. Andrew, Holbourn, bedftead-maker. — John Ellis, late of the town of Brecknock, mercer. —Edward Bury, late of Barbican, tobac- conift. — Samuel Pulley, of Cannon -ftreet, woollen-draper. — William Arnold; late of Weymouth and Melcomb- Regis, in Dor- fetfliire, apothecary, £xtraik Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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150 ExtraAs/rM* Dr. Hill concerning Eliz. Canning March it the driver of it > or, if (he was dragged Extract from a Pamphlet, intitlrd, The along, how did the people, who were Story of EtizABET* Canning con- taking all this paint, and running all this fider'd by Dr. Hill. With fome Re- hazard, to no fort of purpofe, get her un- marks en Mr. Fiildino'i. (Seep. 143.) difcovered thro' the turnpikes ? TN order to (hew the improbability of From the day of this publication, by Canning's whole ftory, he fays : Some which the world was informed, that fuca days after Jan. 1, when me is faid to have ^a girl was carried off by ruffians (a fine hecn carried away, 1 find the following preparative for what has followed !) we advertifement in the mod univerfal of the hear no more of her till her return at the daily papers (viz. Daily Advertifer, Jan. 6.) end of aS days j when (he tells her ab- « Whereas Elizabeth Canning went from furd, incredible, and mod ridiculous ftory j her friends between Hounfditch and Btjbopf- a piece of contradictory, incidents, and pjte, on Monday /aft, the \ft infant, between moft improbable events. nine and ten o'clock : Whoever can give any It was not on the credit of this ftory that account where Jhe is, (hall have two guineas the unhappy creature was condemned. reward, to be paid by Airs, Cannon, ajatojer, o Let us not imagine courts of juftke fwal- in Aldermanbury Poflern, which will be a low fuel) relations. It was on the mole great fatisfaclion to her mother. She iifrrjb- full account, given by one, who declared eolourd, pitted with the fmalt-pox, hat a that (he had feen the whole tranbdion, of high forehead, light eye- brows, about five foot which the court was concerned to judge* high, 18 years of age, well fet, had on a One, who being a ftranger to the acca- tnajquerade purple fluff gown, a black petti- for, and a friend of the perfons accufed, coat, a white chip hat, bound round with declared (he faw the robbery. This was green, a white apron and handkerchief, blue Q an evidence which mud have been al- Jlockings, and leather Jboes. lowed by any jury of judicious and ua- Note, It is fuppofed fba was forcibly biaffed men. taken away by fome evil- dijpofed perfons, at We are now reviewing that account in ite'wat heard to (hriek out in a hackney- a very different light ; we have now been coach in Bidiopfgate- ftreet. If the coach- let into the fecret of its origin 5 we have man remembers any thing of the affair, hj feen her fince voluntarily declare, that giving an account as above, he (ball be hand' it was falfe and forged, not in part falfc, Imely rewarded for his trouble. n but in the whole, and that k was the off- Why fuppofed to be taken forcibly away? u fpring only of her terrors; and adusted Are thefe tranfa&ions common ? or was from the influence of the fame appre- there any thing in the prefent cafe to au- henfions, (he confirmed it at the trial ; thorife fuch an imagination ? To what (he now declares it, freely and vohmta- purpofe mould (he be forced away ? She rily declares it, to have been all a perjury, is not handfome ; (o tliat the defign could After mentioning (everal apparent im- not be upon her perfon j and certainly the probabilities in Canning's narrative, of drefs that is defcribed fo largely, could not her being dragged fo many miles, of her tempt any one to carry her off to rob E not endeavouring to efcape before, of her her j nor was it neceflary, for that might 'walking home in the weak condition (he have been done where (he was feized j was faid to be in, and no body's taking no- nay, and in the latter accounts, we are tice of her upon the road, &c. heobferves, told it was done there. that the description (he gave of the room, Who heard her (hriek 1 or what is be- in which (he faid (he was confined, at come of the hackney-coach part of the her firft examination before the fitting ftory, no fyllable has been fince uttered alderman, was very different from what of it ? Who (hould know the voice of a » it really was, and as (he afterwards do- fervant of no consideration, calling in a r fcribed it. ftrange part of the town from a coach ? Some who went firft down, (ays he, What moft the ruffians have been doing neighbours and men of credit, had beard who fuffered her to (hriek ? or who that her account of the room, and when they heard fuch a voice, and did, or that did faw it, were convinced that her dofcrip- not know the perfon, would not have tion did not at all belong to it : They gave flopped the carriage ? How came he who her up, and they are to be found to £ty heard fo much, not to call perfons to aflift fo. Some who were too officious, eager him t There are enough in the ftreets atG to«Jiave the ftory true, becaufe themfclves ten o'clock j or, where*s the coachman, believed it, got there before her alio 5 for coaches do not drive themfelves, and thefe, when they had heard the objections, certainly he might be found to juflify the rode back part of the way to meet her, flory ? and after fome conversation with her; It a coach carried her, where therefore after, for 1 may have leave to con- jecture Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1753* Extra&s/ram Dr. Hill concerning Eliz. Canning. 151 jecture from the circumftance, afking her (he was under examination from 6 to i* if there was not hay there ; that is, in at night, and then, to ufe his own words, effect, after telling her there was, and after many hard druggies and ft out de- that (he mould have faid fo ; rode back, nials, me did, what ? why, (he put her and, with huzza' $ of triumph, cried mark to an information j and fwore what they were all right yet $ for (he faid now it contained was true. What it con- there was hay in the room. tained was the fame with that which had We are aficed, how (hould (he know £ before been fworn by Canning, The this boufc, as (he approached it ? No- bo- fame perfon drew both ; and that not the dy ever heard that (he did know it, a* (he magidrate, no, nor his clerk : Who then r approached it : And for the famous quef- — why the attorney who was engaged to lion, how die could, among a number of manage the'profecution. people, fix upon the gypfy whom (he had Canning's dory appeared improbable ; particularly defcribed before, as the perfon all retted upon the evidence of Hall : that had robbed her ? The anfwer is a ve- And there was given to you, a gain ft that ry fatal and fevere one ; it is, that (he had evidence, the oath of Judith Natus, one not particularly defcribed her before. It B not belonging to the gypfies, an honeft is palpable (be never fpoke of her even woman, wife of an honed labourer, who, as a gypfy, tho' no woman ever poflefled with her hu(band, fay in the very room, the colour and the character of that On- in which the girl pretended to have been gular people fo ftrongly : Nor had (he confined, during the whole time of that given any particular account of her face j alledged confinement. Here was the which, had (he ever feen it before, muft evidence of a perfon of honed character, have been remembered j for it is like that and quite difinterefted, againft that of of no human creature : The lower part q Hall. This oath you will find was truth ; of it affected mod remarkably by the evil j it will be feen : It will be proved that it the under lip ef an enormous thicknefs j was fo, by evidence the mod incontefta- and the nofe fuch as never before ftood ble. In the mean time, let me afk the lh a mortal countenance. whole world, whether this free oath of an Then fpeaking of Hall's confeflicn be- unconcerned perfon, or the hardly- fore judice Fielding, he fays, let me afk obtained information of one who was you, Sir, were thefe the circumdances of intercded, and had the alternative only that confefiton, viz. that it (hould be free of that information or a prifon, deferves and voluntary, without fear and con- D the mod refpeet ? Thefe pcrfons were flraint ? I need not a(k you : Your pam- fubpeena'd, and they were ready .at the phlet contradicts it. She refuted to con- court on the trial ; but the mob without fefs any fuch thing, you tell us fo your- doors had been fo exafperated againd all (elf, throughout fix hours of drong Colli- that (hould appear on the part of the citation, and (he confented to do it at lad: accufed, that they were prevented from Why ? She lays, and you fay the fame, it getting in, and treated themfelves like was becaufe (he was elfe to be profecuted criminals. as a felon. £ Such is the date, and the exact date. But their informations, you repeat, are of that cafe, into which a fufpicion of fo alike t Sir, I mud tell you, they are mifinformation at fird, a confeflion of too like : Indeed the term like is impro- perjury afterwards, and accumulated per : they are not like, for they are in proofs in fupport of that confeflion, have effect the fame s And farther, which is an engaged the lord mayor of London to observation that mud ding fomewhere, enquire even after the trial. The enquiry tho' thefe their informations are thus like, has anfwered all his lord/hip's expectations, their evidence upon the trial was not fo. _, the evidence is clear, and the proof is Hall had heard Canning's dory many r full. But for this his impartial enquiry, times. She had heard it from Canniog's made for the fake of juftjee only, he is own mouth at Enfield on Feb. i 5 on the attacked by calumny and private prejudice: fame day alfo (he fays (he heard it at Mr. The envious hint he mud be intereded in Tyfliroaker's, as doubtlefs (he did : For, it ; while others wim the convict guilty, S days after this, the dory was publHhed that he may (ink into an equality with in the news-papers, to raife fubferi prions. them- That magidrate is too well inform- Hall can read ; or, if (he could not, (he ed of the refpeet due to his fovereign, had ears. Q not to lay all the evidences fird before Now let us fee when it was (he gave him, afterwards the whole world will this weighty information. 'Twas after fee them : And it is on certainty and all this opportunity of knowing what it knowledge X fpeak, who now tell them, was Canning faid ; it was on Feb. 14, that, when they do fee them, they wiil and not before, that (he was examined by be convinced at full. Prices Mr. F. There, as himfelf informs us, \Catahgut of Inks in our next.] Digitized by VjOOQIC

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C O N .T E N T S. EXTRACTS from the Journal From Grand- Cairo to mount Sinai aqd back again, translated from a MS. and lately publiihed by the bifliop of Clog- her, tending to confirm the Mofaick hiftory . 155 Marble rocks engraved with ancient un- known characters 156 Whbnfical variations in gardening ibid. C. A letter in defence of Mr. Whifton's character 157 A description of the Scilly iflands 158— 160 Their fituatlon and profped at a diftance 158 Their names, number, qualities, and quantity of land in acres contained in each 159 St. Mary's ifland, Pomelin bay, Peninnis rocks,, and Piper's hole ibid. St. Mary's garifon ibid. F. ftand of St. Agnes, with its light-houfe 160 Trefco, St. Martin, and Bryer iflands ibid. Number and character of the inhabitants ibid. Sir CloudcflySHovd caft away near tfaefe iflands ibid. E. The curious kitchen gardener's new and compendious director ibid. G, &c The Jouinal of a learned and political Club, tec. continued 161— 169 SrEtcn of M. Agrippa, in anfarer to A. Pofthumius, in relation to fubfidy trea- ties 161 Spiich of A. Poftfaumlot, by way of reply 165 Of our laws relating to debtors ■ 169 Statutes concerning gypfies 170 Authentick hiftory of KouH Khan, the famous Perfian ufurper, extracted from Mr. Hanway't fourth volume 171—175 Critical remarks oh Tacitus 175 Of the tranfplantation of men, and the changes which have happened in cli- mates and countries 176 Experiments and observations on plaifter of Paris i77— iS0 Dinolution and concretion of folid bodies 180 The qoeJUon about a plenum anfwered, in a letter from Mr. Home ibid. B. Account of a terrible maltacre on (hip- board, by the raftng of the flaves 181, 182 iDefcription of the whale, and account ' of the whale fUhery 181, G. 1S5 Hiftory of Bampfylde Moore Carew, a famous impoftor 183—18$ Immorality of detraction tS8 Poetrt. A new fong, fung by Mifs Falkner, at Marybon-gardens 189 The complaint of the tragic* poets, a*£ drefled to Dr. Young, on his trarody of the Brothers ibid On capt. Webb's having a (hip 190 Epitaph on lord Bargany ibid A prdcription to cure an afthma ibid. Epigrams * ibid. An occafional prologue* intended to have been fpoken by Mr. Woodward tor On a D— of a certain C— ge, who ob- fcrved, that wits are generally great fools ibid. God the univerfal patent, a hymn ibid. More verfes from Holt fchool, in Latin and Englifli 19s To Mr. R. Dyer, on his poem, entitled. The Carnation ibid. Epigram on lordJBolingbroke's letters and the anfwers ibid. A rebus ibid. The Mohthl v Chiomoiogii 19] Executions for murder and other crimes >93r »94» 19$ Mifs Smith tried for poifoning her auur, and acquitted 195 Bifliop of Clogher prefents his tranflation of a Journal to mount Sinai,- to the fociety of antiquaries ibid. Great collections for feveral charities 193^ >94f "95 Shocking example of inhumanity to a parent " 193 Bank and Eaft-India directors caofea 194. Opening of the new chapel at the Found* ling-hofpital 194. Acts patted ibid* Cafe of M. Pcyrac, owner of the French merchantman the Phoenix 195; Marriages and births ftfcU Deaths ibuf. Ecctenaftical preferments te/S Promotions civil and military into* New members ankL Foreign Affairs 197 A catalogue of books 198, 199 Price! of docks and grain j wind, wea- ther aoe» Monthly bill of mortality Ibid. Tbe king's fenior chaplain we are obliged to defer to our next, when the <verfes to a gentle* mam going to net/it Hertutan/um, and ether pitta, Jbali be confidered. JVe bmme rotmeeod fw» letter* from different bands, b§tbfg*ed Pbiialetbes, wb/eb JhaH ba4*a proper regard pmd as Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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THE London Magazine. APRIL, 1753. Jn tlx Journal frm Geamd Cairo h Mount Sinai and back again, tranfiated frm a Manufcrift, and lately fublijbed by the Bijboff of Clogher, there are feveral Things which contribute towards confirming the Hiftory cf the Tranfinigration ef the Jews eat of Egypt, at given us by Mofes . in the Book of Exodus, &c . fome of which A we JbaU give oar* JUaders, as follow*, PN their 3d day's journey, being September the 3d, the author lays, they loft fight of a chain of moun- tains, which they faw to- towards the fouth, at a — great diftance from them j » 1 and that a little after they Taw towards the north, feveral hills of (and, appearing not unlike the tills in Italy when covered with mow, which continued in view for three hours, and .which, they were told, reached aW the way to Damiata. And tho* they made but very fhort journeys, yet on the Q 5th day they arrived at Suez on the coaft of the Red-Sea, from whence they were carried over by boats to the other fide of that fea( being there but a quarter of an Italian mile wide. Now from the Bible we muft conclude, that the children of Ifrael fet out from that part of Egypt which lies to the Eaft n of the Nile, a little above what is called ** the Delta, that is to fay, fome where near about where Grand-Cairo now ftands, becaufe we have no account of their pafl- Jog the Nile, and becaofe it appears, that they arrived in a very few days upon the coafts of the Red-Sea *. From this part of Egypt to the country afterwards called Jodea, the direct road would have been, £ to have marched over that part of the iflhnrus, which lies upon the coaft of the April, 1753. Mediterranean 3 but this part was then inhabited by the Philiftines f, and be- tween it and the Red- Sea lay a defert, then called the defert of the Red- Sea J, through which it is probable they could not march for want of water, therefore they turned to the right, or fouth, and encamped upon the coaft of the Red Sea ft, from whence they appeared to be intan- gied in the land § 1 for on the left they were (hut in by the wildernefs of the Red-Sea, which prevented its being pof- Able for them to march northward $ on their right they had impafl&ble mountains, which made it equally hnpoffible for them to march to the louthward j and in front they had the Red -Sea, which it was thought they could not pais, as they were not provided with any fort of paffege- boats, and confequendy could not pro* ceed to the eaftward. Accordingly from this Journal we find, that in approaching towards the Red- Sea from Grand-Cairo, there is upon the left a trad of hills covered with nothing but a white fand, and at a diftance upon the right a chain of mountains ; and that at Suez, which lies almoft at the northem- moft point of the Red -Sea, they have no water but what is brought from the other, side of the fea, a fmall vcffel of which is ufaally fold for a groat or five- pence. Our travellers having, according to this Journal, landed on the Arabian tide of the Red-Sea on the 6th of September, they fet out about zi o'clock from their landing-place, and after a journey of three hours to the eaft- fouth- eaft, leaving fome mountains at a great diftance towards their left band, and having the Red Sea on their right, they came to certain foun- tains of tolerable good water, called to this day Atn el Mufa, or the Fountains of Mofes, over againft which, upon the U a Egyptian 9 iv«tt5. xxinu. 7. f Exod, Xiii. ty, J Exod, xiii* 18. g Exod. xiv. 2* ^ Exfid. xiv. 3.

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156 Of the Journal from Grand-Cairo to Mount Sinai. April Egyptian fide of the Red- Set, there it with anticnt unknown characters, and in to weftfouth weft a remarkable aperture fome places at 12 or 14 feet from the in the mountain!, and the country near ground, which is the more furprifing, to thefe fountains is at this time called as in thefe mountains there is neither the defert of Sedur. water, nor any thing to be gotten to eat. Now the Bible tells us, that the IfraeJites, Upon which the bifhop remarks, that in their 4th day's journey, turned from theft characters are, probably, the antient Etham, in the edge of the wilderneft *, A Hebrew character, which the Ifraelites and encamped before Piha-hiroth, which having learned to write, after the law waa Signifies in Hebrew the mouth or opening given from Mount Sinai, they diverted of Hiroth, from whence they crolfed the themfelve* with pra&ifing it on thefe moun- Red-Sea, and went out into the wilder- tains, during their forty years abode in nefs of Shur f 3 therefore it is probable the wilderoefs 5 but that this character Chat Etham lay a little to the weft of the having been difufed during the BabylonUh place where Suez now ftands, and that captivity, is loft, the Chaldee character . Piha-hiroth lay about or near a day's _ being now ufed inftead of it. This con- journey fouth-eaft of Etham, confequent- " jedure U the more probable, as the If- fy at this very aperture in the mountains raelites could then know no other way taken notice of in this Journal 5 and as of writing but by engraving on ftone, there was no complaint for want of wa- which was the way in which the Ten Com - ter for fome time after their patting the mandments were communicated to them, Red- Sea, we muftfuppofe, that they fup- and which they were ordered to write plied themfelves at thefe fountains, which upon the pofts of their houfes, and on for that reafon ftil! retain the name of their gates $, therefore they were obliged the Fountains of Mofes j to which we C to pradife upon the rocks in the wilder- mall add, that the country, now called the nets, in order to learn to write them op- defert of Sedur, is probably the very fame on their pofts and gates when they came with what is by Mofes called the wilder- to be fettled in fhe Promifed Land. fiefs of Shur. The Journal further informs us, that, The WORLD, N°. 15, April 1*. September the Sth, they came to a rivuiet — , - . „ m which emptied itfelf into the Red- Sea ^^ Attbor, after a Jbort haroiuatn, j**. tbme leagues below where they palled it, n Jf* * £Vjfl *kv>l>'»fic*l ^arimim* •/ but that the water, tho* very clear, was U GARDENING, fbmewhat bitter, and that in the moitnu *T*HIS (fays he) is more particularly tains to the fouth-eaft they came .to a A the cafe with the counties adjacent place called Marsh. to London, over which the Genius of The correspondence here again with gardening exercifes his power fo often the Bible is furprifing $ for Mofes rails 11s, and fo wantonly, that they are ufaaHy that the Ifraelites, after patting the Red* new-created once in 20 or 30 years, and Sea, went three^ays in the wilderneis of no traces left of their former condition. Shur, without finding water, and that £ Nor is this to be wondered at } for gar- when they came to Marah, they could dening, being the drefs of nature, is aa not drink the waters becaufe they were liable to the caprices of fafhion, as are bitter J ; therefore it is very probable, the dreues of the human body ; and there tho* the author of the Journal does not i* a certain mode of it in every age, .• take notice of it, that the rivulet of bit- which grows antiquated, becomes ob- ter water mentioned by him, rifes from folt» and ridiculous in the next. So that, fountains of bitter water near this place, vttrt any man of tafte now to lay oat which is to this day called Marah 5 and a his ground in the ftyle which prevailed if the water of the river, near its mouth, l«f« than half a century ago, it would was bitter, the waters of the fountains, occafionus much aftonifliment and laugh - from which it rifes, muft have been much ter, ac if a modem beau mould appear more fo. in the drawing-room in red ftockings, The Journal likewife takes notice, that or introduce himfelf into a polite aflTembry they paired through fome very rude moun- in one of my lord Foppington's perriwigs. tains, called the mountains of Faran,^ What was the prevailing mode in Mtl- which name certainly comes from Paran, ** ton's days, may be guefied from a p*f- the name given to this part of the coun- f*ge in his HPenferofo, where he defenbea try, and often mentioned in the Bible g j Retired lei furt taMm%hi% delight in trim gar* and that to the north of thefe mountain* 4**** The practice, it mould feem, was they parted thro* others, called the Writ- to embroider and flourim over the ground ten mountains, becaufe the faces of a I- with curious butt andjlowert, as the lame sneft all the marble rocks m engraved poet calls them in another part of bis worses 1 • Numl. xxriii. 6. + £*W, XV. U* % Ex*J. xr. 23. | Gtmf. xxi. at^ w*t. $ Deuf. vi. 9. Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1 753- Whimjical Variations ^GARDENING. 157 works 5 and in this there was fomcthing dening far exceed the wildnefs of nature, of chearfulnefs and gaiety at leaft, tho' and pretending to improve on the plant the judicious eye could not help being of Kent, diftort their ground into irre-- difpleafed with the fanr^ical quaintnefs of gularities the mod offenfive that can bo the defign. Imagined. A great comick painter Jus James II. was depofed, and the im- proved, I am told, in a piece every day mortal king William came to the crown expelled, that the line of beauty is an S t of thefe kingdoms $ an ana as remarkable & I take this to be the unanimous opinion in the annals of gardening as in thofe of all our profeflbrs of horticulture, who of government} but far lefs aufpicious' teem to have the moft idolatrous vene* in the former inftance. The mournful ration for that crooked letter at the tail family of Yews came over with the houfe of the alphabet. Their land, their water of Orange $ the fombre tafte of Holland moil be ferpentine; and becaufe the for- grew into vogue j and ftrait canals, rec- mality of the laft age ran too much into tilineal walks, and rows of clipt ever- right lines and parallels, a fpirit of oppo- greens were all the mode. It was the _ fition carries the prefent univerfally into compliment which England paid her new ** curves and mazes, ibvereign, to wear the dreft of a Dutch It was questioned of fome old mathe- morafe. The royal gardens of Kenfmg- matician, a great bigot to his favourite ton, Hampton- court and Richmond fet feience, whether he would confent to go the example 5 and good whigs diftinguifti- to heaven in any path that was not trian- «d their loyalty by fetching their plans gular ? It may, 1 think, with equal pro- from the fame country, which had the ho- priety, be queftioned of a modern gar- stour of producing their king j a country dener, whether he would confent to go never greatly celebrated for tafte in any Q thither in any path that is not ferpentine I inftance, and leaft of all in the article Nothing on earth, at leaft, can pleafe now under consideration. But fuch was out of that model ; and there is reafon to the error of the times,- our connoitifeurs believe, that paradife itfelf would have no In their zeal all became mynheers ; and charms for one of thefe gentlemen, un- it would probably have been then efteemed lefs its walks be difpofed into labyrinth as great a mark of difaffe&ion to have and inlander. In ierious truth, the vail laid out ground differently from the true multitude of grotefque little villa* s, which Beigick mode], as it would be now to grow up every furnmer within a certain wear a white rofe on 10th of June. J) diftance of London, and fwarm more This Dutch abfurdity, like all other efpecially on the banks of the Thames, are follies, had its run, and in time expired. fatal proofs of the degeneracy of our na- The great Kent appeared* at length in tional tafte. behalf of nature, declared war againft the tafte in fafhion, and laid the axe to the To the Publish** of the LONDON root of artificial ever-greens. Gardens MAGAZINE. were no longer filled with yews in the fhape of giants, Noah's ark cut in holly, SIR, St. George and the dragon in box, cyprefs E | T muft needs mortify the fenfible friends lovers, lauruftine bears, and all that race | of the church of England to obferve, of root-bound monfters, which flourished that (he has been fo injudicioufly defended to long and looked h tremendous round againft fome late objections, which have the edges of every grafs-plat. At the been made to fome parts of her conftitu- fame time the dull uniformity of defigning tion t One glaring inftance of which you was banimed j high walls excluding the have exhibited in your Magazine for country, were thrown down} and it March laft, p. 118. was no longer thought neceflary that eve- p The writer of Dr. Rogers's life com- ry grove mould nod at a rival, and eve- plains, it feems, that " magnificent en- ry walk be paired with a twin-brother, coroiums had been beftowed on certain The great mafter abovementioned, truly perfons, who have diftinguiihed thent- the difciple of nature, imitated her in the (elves as no friends to the church of Eng- agreeable wildnefs and beautiful irregula- land by law eftablilhed, which have given rity of her plans, of which there are fome an air of credit and triumph to their fia- noble examples ftUl remaining, that gularities." abundantly mew the power of his creative p This writer, - however, does not fay genius. *** that thefe encomiums are undeierved, But it is our misfortune, that we al- nor that the defenders of the church of ways run beyond the goal, and are never England, (who alfo may, very pofiSbly, contented to reft at that point, where have had their angularities and their er- perfedion ends, and excefs and abfurdity rors too) have been without their encomi- begin. Thus our prefent artifts in gar- urns. Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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'i5& Mr. WhistonV Character defended. April urns. May not thefe therefore have mif- ltd unwary people on the one fide, a» <* Desci iptiow of the S C I L L Y well as thofe on the other ? And muft a ISLANDS. RxtraBtd frm~aB**9 ton of merit, which is extremely edify- MM, A Natural and Hi/forical Accent tog, and which may have no conne£Ho» °f the Tft»d* tfSciUy, c*V. ($*p. 104.) with a man's opinions, never have juf- «« *** Map. ttce done it, becaufe the man liimfchf is *TpHESE iflands, of which the moll slot of the church of England ? j^ L noted are 27 in number, lie at about The matter of this complaint, there- 30 miles diftance from Cornwifl, and are fore, is frivolous and unworthy of any thought formerly to have been joined to man's regard, but of fuch a man as this, Chat main land by an ifthm^l or neck of who has made me of it to introduce a land, in length of time warned away by moft fcurrilous cenfure on the deceafed the fea, in the fame manner at Great - Mr. WWfton t For what elfe are the paf- Britain is fuppofed antiently to have been fages quoted from lord Nottingham and joined to France. And indeed there is Mr. Ibbetfon, unconnected with the paf- ftiH a great refemblance between thefe Jages that go before them, (as they ftand B iflands and Cornwall, in their culture, in this declamation) but downright rail- plants and other produce, their tinnery, ing and abufe t filhery, eVc. But, fays this writer, " Thefe authors A very ftnall iftand, called Scitly, hat have fufficiently made good their charge given name to all the reft ; and probably againft Mr. Whifton— and whoever wilt it was fo called from its fituation near be at the pains to perufe thele two tracts, dangerous rocks, fimilar to the rock will be convinced, that Mr. Whifton was of SyHa, near Sicily $ And it is remark- Dot that true chriftian, &e." This gen- Q able, that Scilly and Sicily have a great tfcman is miftaken— I have peru&d thofe refemblance of fituation, in lying re- two tracts, and have no reafon to be fpectively at the feet of their neigh- convinced by either or both of them, that bouring tracts of Cornwall and Italy j If r. Whifton had not as much true chrif* fuppofing each of thofe tracts to have tjanity, as much integrity and as great a the figure of a human leg. Thefe love of truth, as either my lord Notting- iflands were called bv the ancient Greeks, bam or Mr. Ibbetfon : And I farther Hefperidet and Camterides, from their think, that he has laid them both under weftern fltuatton, and their abounding difficulties, which they cduld not manage » with tin. The Dutch caH them Sortings ; but by the method of which this difcern- and in feveral of the Tower records, and ing writer has given us a fpecimen 5 and ancient manulcripts, they are called I could name a great many better judges, SuHy or Sulky, which is probably a con- who are of my mind. traction from infvbt% as ifles from iflands. Thbletter-writerbdifappomted*«that The Sdlly ifles lie due weft from tha fomebody has not prevented him in ani- Lizard-point, about 17 leagues, andnearfy madverting upon this part of Mr. Whif- W. by S. from the fouthermofl, or Old ton's character, vit. his fincerity and re- £ Land*s*endnext Mount V Bay, 10 leagues; jard to truth." Perhaps no body thought aHb W. S. W. from the middlemoft or tt pertinent to the confutation of Mr. weftermoft Land's-end, above 9 leagues, Whifton's principles ; perhaps no body before the entrance of the Briftol and -thought there was room for it : And if Britifh channels. They are fcen from this writer had thought fo too, he had the Land's-end in a clear day, and at about not expofed his narrow-fyirited prejudices 6 or 7 leagues off Smith's found, fandy to the open (hame of being confronted ground, -and about 60 fathom water 5 alfo by a long life of fufferings and fclf- denial, _ from the northward, at 60 fathom, owfy, which has approved Mr. Whifton's fin- * fandy ground, as far. cerity and regard to truth to the whole Twenty* one or twenty-two leagues, world, In a manner that can hardly be W. by K. and W. N. W. from Scilly, is paralleled. a bank, on which there is but 50, 51, or This may be for the prefent a fuffident 5a fathom water, but between this baak rebuke to this weak piece of detraction t and Scilly 60 fathom. If die author of it fhould think fit to en- Beheld at a diftance, thefe iflands appear large his accusation hereafter, he may pro- like fo many high banks in die water, at bably hear further from, Q hmd ufually appears oft it lea. But the rocks about the iflands, especially thoffe SIR, to i?he weft ward, appear off" at fea like old caftles and churches, with the Your humble fervant, feas alternately flying over them, in white fhects or fleeces of that element, M. P. ' - « Tbt Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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1753- A Description of (be Scilly Islands. i59 The jiamcs, qualities, Ac. of tbefe clear day, and of tops going out am) te- iflands, with the quaauty of land in acre* turning at the mouths of the channi. contained in each, may be fee* by the Here is alfo morals ground, in twop«m Mowing uble. of lni$ fl^ caUed the up^er and low "2 18 r Acres. *>oors, which fuppiy the cattie with * 1 2 \ t 9t. Mary i «o ^ ^JESSl K"" "^ V* f*rthf« ^ Hugh- town, Is |5 * i 3 St. Martin 7ao A * f»«*Y large and deep lake. JS 2 | 4 / 4 St. Agnes . 300 uAbou.t ^/"w"*8 from Hu*h-*o*«. £ 3 *J is a curious Tandy bay, called Pometa, One family 6 Sampfon 120 where the beach, from the mark of flood h -5 f 7 St' Helcn So to thc "•fk of ebb, is covered with as* §§c J 8Tean 7g exceeding fine writing fand, and of whi » a-u il '• fetched bv the inhabitants for fan*. * 2 " Til GrSt Ca^ 3° lf* lheir lKW,fc? in Hu«h-f wn, anJTo. o -g ^ ia Great Camlly so ther parts of this lfland and f --** "S^OMW* 18 karemade to many partsof England? a, ■| • 3 1 14 Mmewirhen 15 .curioflty. 5 ' . Jiff as f$f -0 Js r ai Mincarlo 12 « the north w^ diff» or banks of it, g ~ I »iGuahalI 10 where another orifice is feen that gone S g 1 23 Northwithel 9 °y the fame nai»« w»th the former. "* "§ J *4 W>»» iflan. ifland is defended br » flrooK SSft T1""";?^ JTy ,h0ull!i "i i^fc*. *«^ »P«» «»•« ^«ft P»«rf iS^S^L^ ^ ^J?1^ '? ,featf «» ovitooking thVumn nnd iftW ??*tl,»,*?b °f mj£gfi'?A' fP^ «f *» «"« Wands and fees above f^TL?^ ^ PSaf^ ^i1?11^ them 5 frorote*e*c*,iaa isirday, arealS land yields a profpeel of England in a x ' -^^,0 Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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ifo A Description of the Scilly Islands. April beheld (hips palling to and fro, and Eng- Almoft half a mile from the weft fide land aa though rifing out of the fea, of Trefco ifland, to the weft ward of the at a diftance. Here the king's colours landing-place, liee the ifland of Bryer, are hoifted and appear confpicoous aloft, which is inhabited by feveral families, for (hips to obferve and obey coming in. fome of a generous difpofition, and per- Tbe right honourable the earl of Godol- fons of able circumftanccs. phin, who is alfo proprietor, commands Samphire, and marry kinds of medicinal as governor of all the iflands } and a fr herbs grow here, as in feveral of the other lieutenant-governor is here commiflioned iflands. to a& under his lordmip by bis majefty, The number of people upon the ifland but not upon eftaMifhment. The captain of St. Mary are about 700, including men, of the company commands in his: lord- women, and children ; and about as (hip's and the lieutenant governor's ab- many in the iflands of Trefco, St. Martin, fence, who never refide. Bryer, $t. Agnes, and Sampfon ; in the About a mile S. W. of the fouth part laft and fmalleft of which inhabited of St. Mary's garifon lies St. Agnes iflands, lives but one family, **hich goe> ifland, otherwife called the Light- houfe B to the places of worship in the other ifland, upon which ftands a very high and iflands ; here being no opportunity of ftrong light-houfe, feen in the night publick devotion, nor of communication, at a great diftance, by which (hips going but by the means of a boat, out of or coming into the two channels, The men are loyal fubjeds, endowed avoid falling in with the rocks, lying with much natural ftrength of body and thicker about this ifland, than any other mind, giving proofs of their fortitudes of the Scilly iflands. It is alfo of ufe in bearing fatigues and bardfliipt; are to all coaftingveflels crofting the channels. Q very good feamen and pilots 5 and wane There is nothing particular in the foil of only an opportunity of education to ren- this ifland, different from the reft of der themfelves more uieful fubje&s. the iflands, (being, in that refpeer, very The women are very dextrous in the much alike) nor of the dwellings, or ufe of the needle, and alfo in talents of defcription of places, except the light- good houfewifry j nor do they wane keeper's habitation and employment, a beiuty, and other 'engaging qualities to ehtfrch, in u(e for devotion, and fuch like* recommend them. About j miles and f northerly of the Sir Clouded y Shovel was loft near thefe moil northern part of St. Agne*s ifland, D iflands, upon the Oilfton rock, returning era miles northerly from St. Mary's key, fronf Thoulon, October 22, 1707, and lies the ifland of Trefco, the capital town not upon the Bifhop and Clerks, aa by of which is called Dolphin, (probably fome have been represented. It was from Godolphin) confiding of a church, thick foggy weather, when the whole and about half a (core ftooe-built houfes, fleet in company, coming (as they thought) after the manner of thofe built in St. near the land, agreed to lie- to, in the Mary's ifland. And near the landing, afternoon ; but Sir Cloudefly, in the place of Trefco, in fight of New Grimfby £ AfToctation, ordering fail to be made, firft harbour, ftands a dwelling called Trefco (truck in the night, and funk immediately. Palace. This formerly ufed to be a houfe Several perfons of diftinction being o* of refort for mafters of (hips, and ftran- board, at that time, were loftj parti* £rs coming to this ifland j but thecodont colarly the lady Shovel's two fons by a fome time been altered to a houfe of her former hulhand, Sir John Narborough, better accommodation, inhabited by Mr. with about 800 men. The Eagle, cape. Samuel Blyth, farther up the ifland. Hancock commander, underwent the Hereabout are feveral fcattered ftone* _ fame fate. The Romney and Firebrand built houfes inhabited by labouring people. * alfo ftruck and were loft j but the twe About two miles from the northermoft captains and 25 of their men were Javed. part of St. Mary's, or one from the eaft- The other men of war in company ermoft part of Trefco, lies the ifland efcaped by having timely notice, of St. Marttnj upon the extremity of which, at the outermoft part, ftands a To the A V T H O R, &c. day -mark, next the coming in of Crow „ . _ •*.•.**. found, appearing at a diftance, as con- S I R, Dublin, March 17, 175*. fpkuous by day, as the light-houfe uponQ T HAVE herewith incloied, Tbecurma St. Agnes, but is not altogether fo high 1 Kitchin Gardiner's new rnnd cm*- and large. It is built with rock-ftone, fendiwt Director, which I deflre you would equally round next the bottom, and ra- infert in your next Magazine. I doubt poring upwards. This ferves to direct not but it will be of great ufe to many of veflWs crofting the channels, or coming your readers. Yours, Sec. D. P. iflaajSciUy. JOUR- Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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*753* l6r JOURNAL of the Proceedings and Debates in the Political Club, continued from p. 113. fare, can never arife from any fuch In the Debate begun in your laft, addrefi as this now propofed. the next Speech 1 jball give you In fpeeches without doors, my was that made by M. Agrippa, lords, I nave often heard it faid, the Purport of which was at /*/- that we ought never to grant fub- fans. fidies in time of peace ; but it A was never yet (aid by any refolution My Lords, of either houfc of parliament % I SHALL readily agree with the and fuch a refolution would, in noble duke who made you this my opinion, be not only of the motion, that both houfes of rooft dangerous confequence in it- parliament, and more particularly felf, bat it would be one of the this houfe, have a right to interpofe moft direct incroachments that was with their advice againft concluding B ever made by parliament upon the any treaty which may then be fup- prerogatives of the crown. Even poied to be upon the anvil ; and I the noble duke him felf muft allow, tope his grace will join with me in that k may fometimes be neceflary opinion, that the moft certain way to grant a fubfidy in time of peace, of preferving this important right, becaufe that which was lately grant* is to avoid making ufe of it in an ed to the duke of Bavaria was ap~ unjuft, immoderate, or fufpicious Q proved of, and moft juftly approved manner; for as the people are highly of by both houfes of parliament ; v interefted in fupporting the prero- and if it was prudent and neceflary gatives of the crown, in order to in one cafe , no mortal man can prevent their being opprefled, and with certainty forefee, that it may their country facrinced by the artful not be equally prudent and neceflary and ambitious fchemes of a faction in another. Would not then fuch in parliament, if an opinion would D a refolution be an increacfement upon once generally prevail among the the prerogatives of the crown? For people, that we are making ufe of after fuch a refolution, mould the any of our privileges in a manner granting of a fubfidy become never inconfiftent with the true preroga- To neceflary, the crown could not lives of the crown, it would be eafy agree to any treaty for that purpofe, for the king then upon the throne without a previous application to to put an end to all our privileges, E parliament ; and as incroachments and indeed to our very exiftehce : upon the prerogatives of the crown, And I muft obferve, that the prefent as well as thofe upon the privileges is not a proper time for pufhing our of the people, are of a moft pro- privileges to any great extent, becaufe lifick nature, this refolution might the people do not (eem inclined to pa- beget another, chat our fovereign tronife ivhat has been ufually called an mould enter into no treaty with any oppofition in parliament: The people F foreign potentate without the advice are fen Able of the danger they are of parliament, which, wich regard in, and they now begin to judge, to foreign affairs at leait, would be J think very rightly, that their re- a total fubverfion of our conftitution, Ikf cannot come from a conteft, and would in a great me a Cure prevent but from a cordial union between its being in our power to treat fuc- king and parliament, which, lam cefsully with any foreign potentate E— G— . whatfoever. April, 1753. X Oof Digitized by UOOQ IC

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i6t Proceedings of the Political Club, G?r. April Oar agreeing to fuch an addrefc ed by their avarice or ambition, as at this now propofed, would there- to join with her in this wicked prc- fore, my lords* at all times be of je&, and to accept of fubfidies from the moft dangerous confequence, her upon that account : As we find but more particularly fo in the pre- this to be the cale, we mod endea- fent fituation of the affairs of Eu- vour, even at the expence of fome rope, when every one knows that A fubfidies, to gain as many as poffiWc a neighbouring nation, the mcreafe to our fide of the queftion ; and whe- of whofe power and influence we ther it may not be neceflary to grant have always reafon to be jealous of, fome more fubfidies than we nave is diftributing her fubfidies and her hitherto done, no man can pretend penfions to every potentate in Eu- to foretel. rope that will accept of them. Can Whether it be poffible to get the any one be ignorant of the reafon B archduke Jofeph chofen king of the which makes that nation fo liberal Romans during the life of his father, of her fubfidies and penfions? Let is a queftion, my lords, which I us but confider who they are that think of no manner of moment; have hitherto been chiefly inftru- for fuppofing it were not, yet ftiU. mental in fetting bounds to her am- it would be neceflary for us to fecore bitious projeds, and we may then as many as poffible of the electors eafily judge againft whom hex refent- C of the empire to concur in chafing mem will always be chiefly directed, him emperor upon his father *s death, Sljall we then fit quiet and uncon- becaufe a balance of power in Eu~ cerned, when we fee her gaining fo rope can no other way be preserved ; many of the powers of -Europe toner and to thofe who appear refolved intereft, in order that they may affift to concur in this falutary meafnre, her, or at lead that they may re- we ought to grant fubfidies even main neutral, when fhe finds a proper Din time of peace, in order to enable opportunity for revenging herfelf up- them to have a larger number of on thofe, who have fo long been the regular, well difciphned troops in chief obftades to her glory ? This readinefs againft that event, left fome opportunity (he is impatiently wait- of the German princes under a ing for, a*d this opportunky, every foreign influence mould attempt to one muft fee, is the death of the prevent, by force of arms, an elec- prefent emperor, and a difpute in g tkm, which they found they could Germany about the choice of a foe- not prevent by the laws and confti- ceffor. To prevent this therefore, tutions of their country. Upon thia is what we fhould moft cautioufly principle the late treaty with the endeavour, and for this pttrpofe we king of Poland, as elector of Saxony, muft be at the expence of fome fub- muft be juftified, and it were to be fidics. Upon this head we have na- wifhed we could likewife gain the ' turally a great advantage, becaufe, p eledor palatine and the eledor of as we aim at nothing but preferving Cologne ; for as to the king of Pruf- the peace, and contributing to that fia, whilft he continues in his pre*, which is the true intereft of Gcr- fent maxims of government, 1 am many, every unbiaflcd prince of afraid, it will be impoffible to gain the empire will readily concur with him, unlefs we fhould alter our mea- us: Whereas it is evident, that our fares, and depart from that which rival is aiming at raifing the flames q I think the true intereft of Europe, of a civil war in Germany, that, like and of Great- Britain, and even of a cruel thief, fhe) may pilfer fome- the protectant religion. From the thing during the conflagration ; yet9 turn which the affairs of Europe nevenbelefs, we find that fome of have lateiy taken, we muft difagree the princes of the empire are fo blind- „ , with * Digitized by VjOOQIC

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*153* Proceedings $f the Political Club, &c. 163 with the houfe of Auftria, or be noble duke, might have been pre- cpon no very good terms with the vented, without our granting any hoafe of Brandenburgh ; and if we fubfidy, had we taken care to engage (hould difegree with the hoafe of the vote of the Jung of Pruffia, in Aofiria, that hoafe would join with consideration of our guarantying to che houfe of Bourbon, whofe arms him the dutchy of Silefia by the would be open to receive her, in or- A treaty of Breflaw, and afterwards by der to put an end to the proteftant the treaties of Drefden and Aix la- religion, as well as to the commerce Chapelle ; becaufe, if the king of and naval power of this kingdom. Pruffia had engaged to concur in That, my lords, we may fee* electing the archduke Jofeph king that upon many accounts of the ut- of the Romans, no other prince of moA importance, we ought to cuki- the empire would haveoppofed it. vate a friend/hip and alliance with B My lords, can any one imagine that the hoafe of Auftria ; and to render the king of Pruffia put fuch a value chat alliance the more ufeful, we upon that guaranty, or that he ever ought to contribute towards render- looked upon it as a fecurity for hit ing that houfe more powerful. At pofleffion of that dutchy ? From the leaift, we ought to join in every mea- whole tenor of his conduct we may fare, that may be necefiary for pre- fee that he defpifes guaranties ; and ferving the power it is now poflTeffed C therefore he would have laughed at of; and for this purpofe it will fare- as, had we propofed to annex any ly be allowed to be necefiary to have condition to our guaranty, that he Che imperial diadem continued in was not otherwife ready to agree to. Chat houfe. I fhall moil readily grant, If you (hould aik him what title he Chat this is the interefl of tvery had to Silefia, do you think that he prince in Germany as well as of this would ihew a piece of parchment. Kingdom; and I (hall likewue grant, I> or mention any of thefe treaties? Chat every fuch prince, who is not No, my lords ; as the earl of War* snore fwayed by Jbme felfilh and ren in our Edward the Firft's reign grtvafe interefl than by a generous (hewed his fword, he would (hew >vc for the publick intereft of his you his army. If he now refufes to country, would concur in this mea- concur in electing the archduke Jo- fore without any fubfidy from us; feph king of the Romans, can any but princes are liable to every hu- E one think that he would have agreed man paalon as well as other men ; to it when he was at the head of a and when there are ftrong tempta* victorious and triumphant army, and dons of a private nature on one fide, when the utmoft that could be expect- and nothing but love of country ed from him was, that he would 00 the other, it is a dangerous cir- put a (top to his victories, and agree - cumftance with regard to the con- to reflore fome part of his conquelU? duct of princes as well as private F Therefore, my lords, it cannot mea : It is therefore prudent in us with any fhadow of rcafon be faid, to throw a fmall fubfidy into the that we ever had it in our power to scale of the latter ; and even when fecure the election of the archduke we do fo, it mnft be allowed, that Jofeph, without granting any fubfi- thofe who accept of it are ftrongly in- dy, nor can we ever fo much as con- fluenced by a love for their country, tribute towards that happy event, becaufe it is known, that they might G but by granting fubfidies to fuch of have a much larger fubfidy, befides the electors as are willing to concur other temptations, (hould they em- in bringing it about ; and when fub- baxk on the other fide of the quef- fidies are granted, and every other tjon. engine fet to work, {qi preventing But the danger of this, (ays the X a it, Digitized by Vj(

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164 Proceedings of the Political Club, 6?r. April it, would it not be the height of mid- crown 1 but as it certainly would be ncfc in us,* not to contribute towards an incroachment upon one of the it as far as lies in our power f It is moft neceflary and ufeful prerogatives true, the prefent emperor's is a good of the crown, it might expole us to life, a life that may be as much de- innumerable other dangers, whidi pended on as that of any man cannot at prefent be forefeen. Let us whatfoever : With pleafure, I join A therefore continue to adhere to our in opinion with the noble duke, that antient confutation ; for whilft we his imperial majefty has at leaft an do fo, our fovereign will always have equal chance for living thefe 20 great weight at every court in Eu~ years ; but an equal chance is far rope, and from that weight the nati- from being a certainty, and the bare on will upon every occafion reap poffibility of the emperor's dying in advantage : Though we are not, a fhort time, is an unanfwerable ar- B like fome of our neighbours, at the gument again ft our agreeing to the expence of keeping up numerous ar~ addrefs propofed. To fet tnisargu- mies in time of peace, yet all know ment in a clear light, let me fuppofe what we are able to do in time of that this addrefs is agreed to, and that war ; and this, whilft our conftituti- the emperor fhould die foon after the on is prefervcd, will make us re- clofe of this feflion : I truft in God ! fpe&ed by our friends, and dreaded neither of thefe events will happen ; C by our enemies. I remember I was but as both are poflible, both may be once afked by the minifter of a great fuppofed ; and with great probabiti- prince, what we meant by the pre- ty. I may next fuppofe, that the amble to our mutiny bill r Do you French mould fet up a candidate think, faid he, that the balance of for the Imperial diadem, in oppofiti- power in Europe can be preferved by on to the archduke Jofeph, and that 10,000 feamen and 15,000 land- they mould have three of the elec- D forces? No, Sir, fays I, but his ma- tors ready to vote for their candidate : jelly, by a vote in parliament,can make In thefe circum (lances let me, laftly, that 1 0,000 feamen,40, 5 o,or 60,000; fuppofe, that two other electors and that 1 5,000 land forces, 1 50, mould declare to our court, that or with your help 250,000, This they would vote for the French can- was not a Dutch commentary : It didate, unlefs his majefty ftiouJd en- did not obfcure the text which it was gage to grant them a fmall fubfidy E meant to explain : He prefently un- for a certain number of years; would derftood it, and he acknowledged it not in fuch a cafe be extremely un- what I faid to be true, fortunate to have his majefty 's hands This, my lords, will always be fo tied up by the addrefs of this houfe, the cafe, whilft there is a good corre- that he cculd not engage to grant fpondence between the king and h» any fuch fubfidy ? people ; but fhould that correfpon- As all thefe fuppofitions are poffi- F dence be any way interrupted, the ble, and fome of them highly pro- nation itfelf, as well as the fovereign, table, I hope, they will convince would fail into contempt ; and as your lord ftnps of the danger that this would, in my opinion, be the might rcfult from our agreeing to the certain confequence of our agreeing addrefs propofed j and as his nvrje- to this addrefs, it is the moft weigh- ty has never yet loaded his people ty objection again ft it ; for the Jat- with any unncceflary expence, there Q ter part of it tends direc"Uy towarda cannot be the leaft reafon for our fowing feditibn among the people, running ourfelves into any fuch dan- becaute it would propagate an opi- gcr, ci'en fuppofing that the addrefs nion, that his majefty hzd already could no w^y be deemed an incroach- run them into fome unneceiTary ex* meat upon the prerogatives of the peace^ Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1753* Proceedings of the Political Club, fciV. 165 pence, and that the taxes they are may become of this queftion. Bat loaded with, which I (hall allow to the noble lord will not furely fay. Be burdenibme, were occafioncd by that we have not a right to offer oar a xourfe of extravagant and unneccf advice to our fovereign upon any fary meafures, the falihood of which important emergency, and to lay is fo evident, that I am perfuaded, that advice before him in the fhape it is far from being the opinion of A of an humble and dutiful addrefs ; the noble duke who made you this and this is all that is delired by the notion ; and if we can by a few motion now under your lordfhipa iubfidies, procure the archduke Jo- confideration. leph to be chofen king of the Ro- But this is not the only error, with mans in the life- time of his father, or regard to the language of parliament, if we can thereby prevent a difputed which his lordfhip, accidentally X election upon the death of the prefent B muft believe, fell into. Your lord- emperor, the expence will be fo far mips all know, that the name of from being unneceflary or extrava- our fovereign is never to be brought gant, that it will fave us many mil. into our debates ; efpecially when lions, and at the fame time prevent any meafure of government is brought our commerce, our navigation, our under our confideration, in order to religion, our \cry being as a free and determine whether it was a right or independent nation, from being again C a wrong meafure : In all fuch cafes brought to depend upon the uncer* it is fuppofed to be the meafure of tain rate of a war. our minifters, and they alone are to In this light, my lords, I muft anfwer for it. Thus if any unnecef- view the fubfidies we have already fary expence has been brought upon granted, or may hereafter find it nc- the nation, we are not to fuppofe ceflary to grant ; and whoever views that this was done by his majefty, them in this light, muft of courfeD but by his majcfty's minifters ; and give his negative to the queftion. by them I will fay, that the nation yy f . * '» at • „ , , has been often involved in an ex- Upon this A Pofthumiua food up or in a greater expence, than again, and replied tn Subfiance as £aj any ^y *cccirary/ U I had J*"9*"* not thought fo, I mould not have My Lords, troubled your lordfhips with this mo- AS no man underftands the Ian- £ tion ; but I have faid, and I ftill guage of parliament better, think, that the fubfidy cow granted or knows better than the noble lord, to the king of Poland, as elector of how to diftinguiih between the im- Saxony, was not only an unnecefiary port of one word and that of ano- expence, but an expence that could ther, I was furprifed to hear his lord- anfwer no purpofe, at lead no Bri- lhip make ufe of the word, refolu- tilh purpofe whatsoever. There is tion, when the queftion is only about F a very great difference between this an addrefs. I ftull agree with the fubfidy and that which was laft year noble lord, that if the motion had granted to the elector of Bavaria ; been, to refolve not to enter into any for the family of Bavaria have been more fubfidiary treaties with foreign long attached to France, and by that princes in time of peace, it would attachment in the 1, ft war, their ter- have been an incroachment upon ritories had been fo ruined and de~ the prerogatives of the crown ; be G populated, that it was not in their caufe by our conftitution the king power to fupport themfelves without alone has a right to come to fuch a a fubfidy from fome foreign power refolu tion, and this resolution, I hope or other ; therefore th«?y were under his majefty will come to, whatever a neceflity of accepting oi a fubfidy j)_ of B . from Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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%66 Prociioings *//£* Political Club, #*• April from France, if they could hive Being thus drove from this pro. none from any other power in Eu- tence, my lords, it is next laid, that rope ; and they were under ho man- we have granted this fubfidy, in or- scr of attachment to the houfe of der to fecure the vote of Saxony for Auftria, either from gratitude or in- the archduke Jofeph, in cafe of the tereft, that could induce them to re- death of the prefent emperor his fa- Jufe a fabfidy from France, upon A ther. To th» I (hall make the fame whatever terms it might be offered, anfwer as to the former ; and I fhaB But the family of Saxony were never further add, that as the prefent em* much attached to France, nor were peror has an equal chance for living they in any very diftrefled circum- thefe twenty years, and may live a fiances ; and they were attached great while longer, this fubfidy trea~ from gratitude as well as intereft to ty will probably be forgot before the houfe of Auftria, and mull con* B that event happens ; therefore, hf tinue fo as long as they are in poffef- there had been any fufpicion of the fion of the crown of Poland. Thus elector of Saxony's refufing to con- there were many reafons for our cur in the election of the archduke § ranting a fubfidy to the elector of Jofeph upon the jleath of his rather, avaria, no one of which could be we mould have fufpended the grant- pleaded in favour of the elector of ing of any fubfidy until that death Saxony ; and. the truth is, that we C actually happened ; for it would then cannot propofe to get any thing by have had its due weight, and we the fubfidy we have granted to the might have ftipulated, that it fhonld elector of Saxony, but what we not commence until after the electi- naight have depended on, had no on, which would have been no more fuch fubfidy been ever granted. than fuch a caution as tvery prudent To fet this in a clear light, my man would make ufe of in his own lords, I fhall confider the fevcral D affairs. motives that have been pretended This motive, therefore, appears to for granting this fubfidy ; and Rr&9 be as weak as the former ; and for ~ h is laid to be granted, in order to this reafon the noble lord who fpoke induce the elector of Saxony to con- laft, found it neceflary to affign * cur in an immediate choice of the third, which is that of granting fub- archduke Jofeph as king of the Ro- fidies to all thofe, or at ieaft fome of mans. If this were practicable by £ thofe electors, who feem inclined to the laws of the empire, can we fup- chufe the archduke Jofeph emperor pofe that the elector of Saxony upon the death of his father, in or- Would not readily concur in it, with* der to enable them to have always a out any fubfidy from us ; as the numerous body of regular, well dis- placing of the crown of Poland upon ciplined forces in readinefs, left fome' the head of his fon, in cafe of his of the princes of the empire, under death, depends fo much upon the F French influence, mould attempt to friendship and the power of the prevent or defeat that election by houfe of Auftria ? But the practica- force of arms. Now your lordflvpg bility of electing the archduke Jo- rouft fee, that this argument either feph king of the Romans, in the proves nothing, or it proves a great prefent circumftances of the empire, deal too mt.ch ; for upon the fame teems to be given up by the noble principle we muft not only grant fob- lord who fpoke lad ; and as it will G "dies to many of the princes, as well be admitted, 1 believe, that he un- as molt of the electors of the empire, flerftands the affairs of Germany as but we muft continue thofe fubftdiesi well as any man iu this kingdom, I during the prefent emperor's life, have no occafion to infift long upon nay, for ever, becaufe the fame darw thifi topick. ge;f Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1733* PftOCEKDiHG* *f the Political Club, &c. 167 ger may be apprehended at every fa- die danger of leaving our friends in tnre*le£tton;Whkh, I think, is alone Germany liable to the temptation Efficient for (hewing the abfurdiry of of accepting the fubfidies offered by this principle. But this abfurdrty that crown, there is in this refpeft a will appear Ml more evident, if we very great difference between France cemfider the facility of rsifing armies and us, as the noble lord himfelf of good Hoops, the* aot Mite fo re- A was pleafed to mention. We have guJar, in the Atfftrien roaunions, no fdfifti and fecret views : We de- tnd the probability of the prefent fire nothing of the princes of the emperotH living a great many years ; empire, or of any prince of Europe, for foppofing that the fubfidies grant- bat to take care of their own inde- ed for this porpofe amounted bat to pendency, and of the true interest. ioo,oool. a year, and that the pre* of their country : The whole of out lent emperer (hoald live but 20 years, B aim is to preferve a balance of power I appeal to your lordmips, whether m Europe : At leaft, I hope, that the iffuing of two millions to the no man in England has any other hoofe of Auftria and the princes of aim. Bnt whatever the French may the empire in that intereft, upon the pretend, it is certain, and I believe death of the prefent emperor, would every prince in Europe fufpe&s, that not be much more effectual towards they have a felfifh and fecret view, preventing any forcible oppofuion to C This makes a material difference the ek&ion of an emperor, than any with regard to the necefiity of grant- additional number of troops that ing fubfidies. France muft grant could be kept up in the empire, by fubfidies and large ones too ; and our granting fubfidies to the amount thofe fubfidies many of the princes of 1 00,0001. a year for 20 years to of Europe will, in time of peace, tome ; and yet that yearly turn for accept of ; but without granting any fach a number of years, would, withD fubfidy on our part, we may render intereft, amount to a great deal more thofe fubfidies ineffectual, with re- chan two millions. gard to what France fecredy expe&s But, my lords, unfortanately for from them ; for if we never enter- this argument, there it no founda- tain any felfifh or partial view of our tton for it in either of the fubfidy own, if we take no falfe alarum as treaties we have made ; for we do to the balance of power's being hi not ftipulate that either of thofe £ danger, nor defire any prince m princes (hall keep up a greater num- Europe to join with us but when k bcr of troops than they ufually do ; is in immediate and apparent danger, and particularly with regard to the we (hall never have occafion to con- king of Poland, if his majefty takes tend with France in granting fubfi- <are to have always ready at our call, dies, becaufe thofe very princes, who the number oftroopsilipulated by this had taken her fubfidies in tune of treaty, which is not half the number p peace, would join with us in a war fee afaally keeps on foot, he may, againft her, as foon as her fecret de~ if he preafes, apply oar fubfidy, and figns began to be laid open. the whole refidue of his revenue, To apply this, my lords, to the towards making an addition to his affairs of Germany ; it is true, I am Cabinet of curiofibes, inftead of an of opinion, and I believe your lord* addition to his army, there not being (hips are all of opinion, that k is one word in the treaty for obliging q for the intereft of Germany to have him to keep up a greater number the imperial diadem continued in the than that which he has promHed houfe of Auftria ; but then this muft to have always ready at our call. be done by a fair and free ekdHoa Then, my lords, wkh regard to as oftea as ntceflity requires j for the fubfidies granted by France, and no

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i63 Proceedings*/ the Political Club, tSe. April ho man can think that it would poiitfous,atid whfch, Iamperfuaded, be for the intereft of Germany to he would not have been at the pains have the imperial diadem continued to have done, had he confidered the in that houfe by force of arms, or words of my motion, which mention even by bribery and corruption, if expreily this rime of publick tran- fbch a thing were poflible. The auillity : Now fuppobng this md- very attempt would make mod of A drefs agreed to, and fuppofing that the princes as well as electors refolve the emperor would . die foon after to join with France againft the houfe the clofc of this feflion, with all the of A uftria; and Iwifli our late treaties other fuppofitions which the nobk with Bavaria and Saxony, and the lord was pleafed to fuppofe, is it not arguments made ufe of in fupport of evident that the force, of this addreis thofe treaties, may not have given would then be at an end ; for tho' the French miniftrrs too good a B war might not then be declared, yet handle, at many of the courts of furely it could not be called a time Germany; for in my opinion, no- of publick tranquillity, and confe- thing but a fufpicion that illegal quently the advice given by this ad- means are to be made ufe of by the drefs, could not be fuppofed to re- houfe of Aoftria and her friends, late to that time; therefore his ma- could enable France to fee up a can- jefty, without any previous applica- didate againft the archduke Jofeph C tion to parliament, might engage to upon the demife of his father, tho* grant the fubfidies demanded, and it may now be eafy for France to the next feflion would certainly en- prevent his being chofen king of able him to make that engagement the Romans during the life of his good. father, becaufe it is certain, that And with refpecl to the laft ob- fuch a choice, without an abfolute - je&ion made by the noble lord to neceflity, isagainit the fundamental D the addrefr I have propofed, which laws of the empire. I (hall not in- was, that it would tend to raife fci- deed fay, but that fome of the other dition among the people, by making princes of the empire would be them imagine, that iome very un- proud of the honour of being chofen neceffary expence had already been emperor ; but I do not believe there incurred, there i» not a word in the » more than one, who would not addreis that can give the leail founda- sather have the imperial diadem lodg* £ tion for fuch an opinion ; and if ed in the houfe of Aoftria, than in there were, it could give the peo- any other houfe except his own ; pie no new opinion ; for whatever therefore I mull look upon all the our minifters may think, I am per- dangers we have been frighted with fuaded, there are 99 out of 100 of upon the death of the prefent em- the people without doors, who think peror, to be altogether chimerical, as 1 do, that this fubfidy to Saxony and confequently futh*as ought not p can anfwer no Britifh purpofe wkat- to induce us to be at the expence of foever, and confequently is an ex- any foreign fubfidic.% by way of pence that was abfolute )y uniieceflhry. counterbalance to thole granted by But whatever may be (he confe- France. quence with regard to the people, I think, my lords, I have now it will not furely be aT.edged, that examined all the motives pretended we are snot to give our fovercign a for this new fubfidy treaty withG proper and a neceffary advice* for Saxony, and I hope I have (hewn the tear of railing fediiion among the imbecillity of every one of them. I people,, or that we are to neglecz mall therefore n«xt examine that fright- doing our duty, becauie the people fulconfequence, which the noble lord do not fcem inclined to patroarfe extracted out of fo many poflible fup- 5 any Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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*753- Of tb* Laws relating to DEBTORS. i5p *ny oppofition in parliament. My re&ion in any thing ; nor can indeed lords, if this want of inclination in any mortals be truly called wife, bat the people proceeded from a general only fo comparatively. All human ac- appt obation of all the meafares that tions muff wear the mark of human have been lately pnrfued by the ad- weaknefs, and all human laws mud miniftration, I (hould rejoice in it ; therefore be liable to error, and bear but I am afraid that the difappoint- A the (limp of mortality. Tho* the ment they met with from a late fa- laws of this land are perhaps the nous oppofition, has made them too wife ft in the whole world, yet, as generally form an opinion, that they there is no pifture fo perfect, but can expect no relief from parlia- has fome blemifh ; no flatue fo true, ment ; and fuch an opinion, if long but has fome defeft ; fo even they continued among the people, would are not entirely free from faults. The be of the moft dangerous confequence B law, which 1 think is not adequate to oar conftitution, becaufe it would to the wifdom of our anceftors, nor bring parliaments into contempt : at all adapted to a free commercial Nay, it might be of dangerous con- people, and therefore merits amend - feqoeace to our prefent happy efta- ment, is that which gives individuals blifhment; becaufe the people might the power of confining one another at laft begin to think of feeking relief prifoners for life. Every nation or fomewhere clfe. Therefore, that fu- C people, who would be profperous pinity with regard to publick affairs, and happy, {hould hold it as a con- which at prefent prevails but too ftant and unerring rule, that no indi- jnueh among the people, {hould make viduals {hould have the power of pur- every man, who nas the honour of a firing their refentment againft one feat in parliament, the more zealous another fo far, as to prejudice both in oppofing and cenfuring every pub- themfelves and the publick. If in- lickmeafure, which he thinks wrong; D deed the confining fuch perfoos for and confequently, if there were any debt during their lives, who are will- cenfare implied in the addrefs which ing and defirous of delivering up I have propofed, this popular in- their all to their creditors, was tru- difference is rather an argument for ly juftice, even the unfortunate would than againft our agreeing to the ad- noc have found an advocate in me : drefs, and muff be thought fo by But it is not juffice j it is paflion, it every lord, who has the fame opinion £ is refentment, it is revenge ; and is that I have, of the fubfidy, which by as as exprefsly contrary to the laws this new treaty has been granted to of God, as it is repugnant to the in* Saxony. terefts of individual*, and the gene- [This Journal to be nntinueiin ral welfare of the kingdom, It is #«r next,'] hurtful to individuals, becaufe, in- metaumBB*tmx\m*tw&&mumtm ^^ °^ P*0011"1^ tncm j°ftice, does BBMStaftKiBM ****R**5*'™*W p it not prevent it f How often does Frm the London -Evening Post, one obdurate creditor wrong the reft, April 5. by preventing them from receiving er * .TTmnAn _. their lhare of the debtor's effefts ? *• the AUTHOR, (fc. If ^ confinement of the debtor — ■■ ■■ qoippemlnoti could pbffibly pay his creditor, there Semper et innrmi eft aniroi, txiguioue wou]d j^eed be fome reafon in it 1 Ultio I u v. G t>at ic » the icverfe * lt obliges the J * debtor to fpend what effects he ha* S I R$ left, and which ought to be divided IT is not in the power of human amongft his creditors, upon his own nature to arrive at abfolute per>> fubfiftence in priion. April, 1753. Y The __ Digitized by UOOQ IC

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170 Statutes concerning GYPSIES. April The taws concerning debtors do indeed have become fureties for others, and are feem to be greatly inconfiftent and contra- now fufFeririg for their faults. Do not di£ory ; for if thofe, who are indebted fuch men as thefe demand our pity > thoufands of pounds, can be cleared by Nay, have they not indeed a right to our delivering up their whole effeds to their relief? Yet thefe unhappy men, who have creditors, by and according to the bank- fo juft a claim to our companion, are not rupt a& j is it reafon, is it juft ice, that treated even fo favourably as felons j for thofe, who owe but fmall Turns, and are ^ it is certainly much more preferable to be alfo willing and defirous of furrendering up tranfported to the fartheft part of the their whole effecls, fhouW notwithftand- globe, than to endure hunger, ficknefs, ing be pent up for life in loathfome pri- and all the miferies of a goal, and to fons^and rot in wretchednefs ?— But the die by degrees in a ftinking dungeon.— lofs and detriment which the publick re- There can be no a&s, which mortal* cam ceives by the confinement of fo many perform, more proper, or more perfect thoufands of its members, and who might than thofe in which both juftfce and mer- olhcrwife be ufefully employed, is great cy join j »nd furely, to releafe thofe from beyond conception. How many men are R prifon, and to recal fuch as have vokn- now pining away in prifon, who, if they urily baniflied themfelves for fear of it, had their liberty, could provide fufficient- and to fet them free, upon their deliver- )y for their wives and children, who are ing up the whole of their effects to their at prefent obliged to be kept and main- creditors, would be doing an aft of juf- tained by their feveral parimes ? How tice to the one, and mercy to the other, many feamen, manufacturers and artift- Since therefore juftice and mercy }oin cers, are there now fled from their native band in hand in requiring the rekafe of land, only for fear of a loathfome goal 5 q thefe unhappy men, let the humane and and who, inftead of being ufeful members juft arife and act j and let them be affcrr- of their mother country, are now em- ed, that no action will redound more to ployed by foreigners to rival us in com- their true honour, or to the real intereft merce, and to raife navies that may en- of the trade and commerce of this king- danger the nation r Men naturally love dorn. their native place : and it cannot be Britannic us, doubted but moil, if not all, of thefe fu- # ettives would gladly return home, if the ** only tah Oecafion from the Affair .f dread of imprifonment was once remov- D Mary S^uirei the Gypfy, ^*/Eli*a- ed. Is it not therefore highly neceflary bith Canning, of which we gave a at this junaure to make die trial ? There particular Account in cur ty, to wfert the hardly ever was a time, when fo many following ; not wrtb any Defgn to preju- ufeM and excellent bills were under the &ce the Publick agaiafi Sojiiaas : For confideration of the legiilative power, as - whatever (be may deferve tt > fuffer as m at prefent ; among which, there is one in Gypfy, fie ought not to fuffer for «p£* particular that may very probably lay the fie is not gmltp of. But whether fit n foundation of many great and national £ w "*> »»fi otf in the world, and have not brought with undifcovered : There are fcvetaJ fta- themfelee* into their misfortunes thro* tutes for fupprefllng tliofe tmpoftors, Vix* any niifconduct of their own, but by de- Stat. 22. H. 8. Cap. 10. Sect. ft. Out* c*y of trade, or fuch accidental lofles, as Q landim people, calling themfdres Egyp-^ no human prudence could forefee or tians, ufing no craft nor feat of merchin- avoid : Nav, there are fome who have dize, and going from place to place m ma a nd commuting felonies and robbeite*. Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1753- AuthentickHiftory*/ KOULI KHAN. 171 robberies, (hall not be frittered to come fi tuitions of his fortune. When Shah within this realm j and if they do, they Tsehmas made him a Khan, he honoured (hall forfeit to the king atl their goods, him with the addition of his own name, and be commanded to avoid the realm and he was then Tsehmas Kouli Khan, within 15 days upon pain of imprifon- Afterwards, when he became the fovereign ment j and it /ball be lawful to every (he- of Perfia, he reafiumed his name Nadir riff, juftice of peace and efcheator, to with the addition of Shah, which fignifies feize to the ufe of the king all fuch goods 4 a king, and fo he was called Nadir Shah 5 as they (bail have, and thereof to make tho* the name by which he has been account in the exchequer. mod known, and probably will continue Sc£t. 4. If any juftice of peace, (heriff to be known, is Tsehmas, Kouli Khan, or efcheator, feize the goods of any fuch Nadir Kouli wa* born in 1687, at a Egyptians, every fuch juftice, Sec. (hall village, or more probably in a tent, a have to his own ufe the moiety of all fuch few days journey to the fouth-eaft of goods. Mefched, not far from Kaelat. He was Stat. 1 and a Phil, ic Mary, Cap. 4. _ defcended from the Affhahs, who are a Sect, a. If any perfon (hall attempt to *» tribe of Tartars, and fubjecls of Perfia : bring into this realm any fuch perfon* They live for the mod part by hu (ban dry, calling themfelves, or commonly called and fupply the Perfians with horfes and Egyptians, he (hall forfeit 40I. cattle. The name of Nadir's father was Sec"* 3. If any of the faid perfons call- Imam Kouli, whofe fituation of life was ed Egyptians, which (hall be conveyed fuch, that he earned his bread by making into this realm, remain within the fame caps and fheep-ficin coats, which is the one month, they (hall be deemed felons, apparel of the loweft of the common and AifiPer death, lofs of lands and goods, C people in Perfia. Nadir himfelf was bred as in cafes of felony, and (hall lofe the up to no other employment than that of benefit of the clergy. a (hepherd, and being only thirteen' years Se&. 6. If any perfon (haU fue for any of age when Imam Kouli died, he was paiTport for Egyptians to abide within this left in fo poor a condition, that he was realm contrary to this ac~r, every perfon obliged to gather (ticks in the woods, for fo fuing (hall forfeit 40I. and every fuch the fupport of himfelf and his mother, licence (haJl be void. and carry them to market on an afs Stat. 5 EJiz. Cap. 20. Seel. 3. Every rv and a camel *, which were his only pa- perfon which (hall be feen in any com- y trimony. pany of vagabonds, commonly called, or It is recorded of him, that when he calling themfelves Egyptians, or difguif- was returning in triumph from his ing themfelves by their apparel, fpeech conqueft of India, he happened to pafs or behaviour, like fuch vagabonds, and fo near the place of his nativity, where he (hall continue in the fame, either at one made a fet fpeech to his chief captains, time or at feveral times, by the (pace of in which l>e related in what manner he one month, the fame perfon (hall be a had pa fled the early part of his life j felon, and mall fuffer death, lofs of lands E anfan Hijlorical Account of the British loweftate." Tradk over the Caspian Sea, bat ADOut the year 1704, when he was gwen a fuller and more authentic*. Nar- 17 or 18 years of age, the Ou(beg Tartars rattvs of the famous Perfian Ufurtor, m^c an jrruption into Khorafan, where KOULI KHAN, than has ever ytt been ** they put many of the inhabitants to the fublijbed, the following Extracls from him, fword, and carried others into (lavery 5 concerning that extraordinary and furpnxing among the laft were Nadir Kouli and his Adventurer, mil not, tve prefume, be un- mother ; She died in captivity, but he acceptable to cur Readers. made his efcape in 1708, and returned to THE real name of this ufurper was Khorafan. From this time we hear no Nadir Koul, or Nadir Kouli ; but more of him, till with fume of his com* - he changed his name as he changed the Y a panions * In proof of this I was tcld an anecdote, pretty remarkable, and much to bis honour* jffter he tvas exlalted to the throne and fovereigny of Perfia, a perfon named Saidar, who had hecn his cunpanion and fellviv- labourer in ranging the itxcdt, ivas rsatcd a Khan* and granted the privilege of "wearing the black heron's feather* un the left fide. Nsdir, upon c^nfrring tlofe honours up™ him% /poke thtfe words, u Do nt grjiv proud, but remember the afs, and tb picking offiUhsS* ' Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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17* Authentick Hiftory #/ KOULI KHAN. April pinions hcjobbcd a flock of fhecp ; the (kirmifhes with the Tartars of Khicva money wliich this produced, enabled and Bokhara, who frequently made in- him to retire into the mountains : How- roads on the frontiers of Khorafan. Eza- ever, we. do 'not And he continued the dallah being already mafter of Herat, profeflion of a robber for any length of and the Kourds in the weft making in- time, but entered into the fervice of a curfions into Irac Agemi ; thefe Tartars, Beg, by whom he was employed as a who are generally called Oufbtgs, in courier* He was once charged with dif- ^1719, came in a body of above 10,000 men, patches of importance to the Peifian and began to lay wafte the moft fertile court at Isfahan, and fent in company plains of Khorafan, plundering the in- with another courier, as is frequently habitants, and carrying many thoufande pradHfed in Perfia. Whether Nadir was into captivity. In this emergency Babnlu ambitious of being the f le carrier ef Khan collected all his forces, which did thefe difpatches j or whether his fellow- not exceed 6000 men, and of thefe part courier did not travel faft enough ; or for were infantry. His officers (hewed a fame other fecret reafon, he killed him. -.reluctance to try their fortune with fo After his arrival at Ufahan, he told his ftory » unequal a force, againft a people of fuch fo well, that he procured admittance to known bravery as the Tartars. Nadir the minifters of Shah Sultan Hufiein, to Kouli, however, had different fentimenta whom he affigned fuch plaufible reafon* of the matter, and from his experience of for his conduft on the road, that he was the valour of the Khan's troops, he of- not only acquitted, but received prefents, fered his fervice to march at their head and was fent back with anfwers to the againft thefe ravagers 5 declaring at the letters he -had brought. His mafter, how. fame time, that he would engage hit ever, received him with fuch a counte- Q life upon the event. Nadir's military vir- nance, as gave reafon to fufpect that he tues were evidently fuperior to thofe of meditated his deftruclion. Nadir per- the officers about the Khan, though he ceiving thr, refolved to kill his mafter j was not then above 33 years of age. to which he was the more induced, from The fchan was fo fenuble of this, that a violent paffion he had conceived for his he had already given him the command daughter, whom he had demanded in of ioeo ; and not having the leaft doubt marriage, but was refufed. After the of his fidelity, he accepted the offer, murder was perpetrated, he took the lady and conferred upon him the command of away, and retired into the mountains. D his troops, during the intended expe- Oue effect of this enterprise was the birth dition, whilft him/elf remained in the of Rtea Kouli Myisa, whofe genius and city, to keep good order, and prevent difpofition had fo great a refemblance the inhabitants from following the ex- with his father's. This defperate action ample of thofe of Herat, who had re- having acquired him a reputation for volted three years before. Several of the courage, fome of the domefticks of his officers refufed to ad under this new ge- late mafter, the Beg, joined him, and neral, but their place was foon fupplied they became robbers : In this ftation they £ by others, whom Nadir approved of. continued for fome time, as favourable The Oufbegs were already advanced opportunities occurred. Nadir at length to the banks of the river Tcdjen, within offered his fervice to Babulu Khan gQver- a few days march of Mefched. Nadir nor of Khorafen, by whom he was having with great application provided accepted in the capacity of gentleman what was neceflary for the expedition, lifter. marched at the head of his troops in fearch He behaved fo well in this new fervice, of the enemy, who were pillaging at that he won the heart of his mafter j _ large j however, the news of the ap* and, under the fpecious pretence of de- * proach of a Perfian army brought them firing to pleafe, he concealed his ambition, together, and they prepared for battle; The fatisfaclion he exprefied in his pre- their numbers being almoft double to fent fituation, induced his companions to thofe under Nadir's command. We have believe, that to be faithful in the caufe no particular account of this aclion, but he efpoufed, was the virtue be afpired in general terms, that the Tartars, ao- at moft ; however, he affected a parti- cording to their ordinary cuftom, charged eular aeal for fome, whilft he fhewed a with great fury. Nadir having felected eoldnefs for others, as they feemed more G a proper grouqd, and encouraged his men, or lefs inclined to pleafe him. flood the ffiock 5 and when the Tartars The diftreffes of Perfia increafing, be by their own im^etuofity were in fome had not been long in the fervice of diforder, the Perfian troops made a»gene- Babulu Khan, before a command in the ral difcharge of their fire- arms, then fal- enny was given him, in which he be- ling on with their fobrc* and battle-axes, >ved with grot intrepidity, in fcnraJ put Digitized by UOOQ IC

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1753- Authentkk Hiftory tf" KOULI KHAN. 173 put them to flight, destroying near 3000, mountains, where he returned to his and retaking all their plunder and cap- old trade of robbery, lives, which were verv considerable. In 1 72a, Maghmud having invaded Perfia, Nadir, elated with this firft vi&ory, and compelled the unfortunate Huflcin to returned m triumph to Mefched, where yield up his capital, together with hia he was received with great expreflions of diadem, the provinces were involved in Joy. The fire of his ambition now be- great confuflon and diftrefs : This af- 1 gan to blaze, nor could he frppreft the \ forded a better opportunity to Nadir, to eoncioufnefs of his fervices, but demand- colled a body of men of defperate for* ed to be confirmed in his office of genera], tunes, many of whom had already ferved under the command of Babulu Khan : under him as foldiers. After robbing This governor attired him that he would feveral caravans, he foon acquired riches write to court in his favour, and that no- enough to bring together the number of dung Should be wanting on his part, to 7 or 800 men of approved refolution $ reward his merit. Whether it was that and having fixed a rendezvous in the Babulu Khan did not aft ingenuously and -.mountains^ they made incuriions into agreeable to his promife 5 or that the • KhoraSan, and the adjacent provinces, wttk administration of Shah Sultan Huflcin laying the country under fuch contri- cvaded the promotion of Nadir, is un- butions as they pleafed to impofe. certain 5 he was however much incenfed The Afghans, though in pofleflion of at his difappointment. What added to Isfahan, were not fufficiently numerous his refentment, was to fee a perfon much to make a rapid conqueft of the whole younger than himfelf, and a relation empire; feveral provinces and cities in of Babulu Khan, without either expe- the heart of it, as well as the frontiers, rience or abilities, placed in his com- C refufed to fubmit ; and thereby cut them mand. Under thefe .ireumftances, Nadir outwork for fome time. As to Taehmas, demanded of the Khan the reafons of the fourth fon of Huflcin/ who made to unjuft a conduct ; and with a ferocity his etcape from Isfahan, and was now peculiar to him, made no fcruple to de- considered as the lawful heir of the Per- dare his opinion, that the Khan had not flan monarchy, he was rather a fugitive a&ed as a man of honour. This info- himfelf^ than in a capacity of fupporting lent behaviour obliged the governor to order and government among thofe pro- alter his conduct j fo that from the high- -^ vinces not yet fubjected to the Afghans j eft commendations of Nadir's valour, he ** and was now content with an obfeure condemned him to be beaten, in the fe- life in the province of Mezanderan. In vereft manner, on the foles of his feet, the interim, the Turks feized upon the. What contributed to this difgrace, was provinces in the weft and South- weft; the envy of Nadir's abilities as a foldier, and the Ruffians conquered the weftern among feveral officers of distinction in coaft of the Cafpian, including great Che Perfian troops. It is eafy to imagine part of Ghilan. However, as foon as that a man of fo imperious a fpirit, could Tsehmas was informed that the king hia bat ill brook fuch indignities ; he therefore E father had abdicated his right to the fo- re tired from Mefched to fcek fome new vereignty, he, in quality of fucceSTor*. adventure. took the title of Shan. Being thus turned loofe into the world, Whilrt he was negotiating Secret treaties he applied his thoughts immediately how with the provinces that profeffed any to retrieve his fortunes, and do himfelf fidelity to him, or fending embaflies to that juftice, which he could not obtain of implore the amStance of the neighbouring Babulu Khan. His uncle, a chief of one ftates, Nadir extended his lawlefs fove~ of the tribes of the Af/hars, commanded p reignty in the eafiem frontiers, living at JCselat, a ftrong-hold, about ten days on fpoil, and exacting what he thought Journey from Mefched t To him he ap- ncceflary for the fupport of himfelf and plied, and complained of the hard. treat- his followers. ment he had met with in the king's fer- Abut Sive years paSTed under thefe cir- vice. His uncle entertained him for fome cum fiances 5 when, at length, Taehmas time, till by his intrigues he began to collected a little army ; but his father's difcover ambitious designs 5 and Nadir fortune ft ill purfued him. One of hit thus becoming an object of jealoufy, was principal generals, Sef O Din Beg, a chief obliged to retire. G of the Bayots, having given fome of* ]Na£iir was now determined to feek a fence, and being apprehensive of punifh- fv-pp&rt by the arts of violence, in which ment, fled from Txhmas's camp with f^c vra& a thorough proficient. It is pro- the troops under his command, which bable he had already planned a design were no lefs than 1500 men, and joined of getting poSTeilion of Kaelat 5 however, Nadir Kouli, who was then in the fame be retired, for the third time, into the province Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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174 Authentick Hiftory of KOUL I KHAN. April province of Khorafan. The union1 of dered him. As foon as he nude the their forces compofed a body of % or 3000 fignal, his coo men were let in at the men, which the adjacent country was gates, and he became abfolute matter of compelled to fupport : > This formidable the fortrefs without wedding much blood* body was within 10 leagues of Karlat, fo Thofe of the garifon, who did not that Nadir's uncle began to be much chufe to (hare his fortune, he fet at U- alarmed, left his nephew mould attempt berty. The next day he difpatched mef- to diflodge him from his ftrong hold : \ fengers with the news of his fuccefs, In order, therefore, to fupport a good ordering the remainder of his men to understanding, he wrote to him in very join him ; and now inftead of changing obliging terms, intimating that he had now his residence continually, as the appre- a fair opportunity of making his fortune, henfions of an enemy, or other reafons by engaging in the fervice of his lawful fo- of convenience might render necefiary, vereign Shah Tsehmas ; who, he was fure, he eftablimed his head-quarters in this would pardon him, and all his followers. fortrefs, Kaelat includes a considerable Nadir feemed to relifh the propofal, and - fpot of ground, the natural fituation of defircd his uncle to procure the king's par- B which, with the aififtance of fome art, don, which he would gladly accept j Ac- has rendered it almoft inaccefiible. He cordingly the uncle reprefented the cafe to continued there for feveral months, levy- the Shah, who, tho* he knew Nadir to ing contributions. The fuccefs of this be a moft notorious offender, yet as he enterprize was the more grateful to him, was in great need of fo brave and ex- as this place was not far diftant from perienced an officer, with fo confiderable that of his birth ; His poor relations and a body of men, immediately figned lua friends in the neighbourhood were re- pardon and fent it to Kaelat. Q lieved by his bounty, and the humanity The uncle no fooner received this wri- with which he treated moft of the in- ting, than he difpatched it to bis nephew; habitants of the adjacent country, in- upon the receipt of which, Nadir Kouli duced numbers to enlift themfelves in his fet out for Kaelat, in company with Sef troops 5 fo that from this time he in fome O Din Beg, under an efcort of 100 men meafure appeared as an independent id* of his beft troops. He had now a con- vereign. venient opportunity of exercifing hit Being thus become formidable, he car- genius in the art of treachery. His uncle juried his views beyond the plunder of received him with great kindnefs, and ^defencelefs peaiants: He afpired at the entertained him and his followers as per- delivery of his country from her foreign fons to whom he had done a flgnal fer- enemies, particularly the Afghans, who vice, and from whom confequently he had lorded it over the Perfians with the apprehended no harm $ at the fame time utmoft barbarity for five years : But al- he mewed them all the honour and regard tho* he appeared as a fovereign, he did due to perfons of rank and condition. not pretend to wage war againft the Nadir, on the other hand, had not forgot Afghans in any other name than that of the indignities offered him five years be- £ Shah Taehmas. As he was confeious fbre ; neither^ was he ignorant of the that the Shah moft have greatly refented motives of his uncle in procuring the his killing his uncle, under pretence of pardon, nor of the king's views in grant- accepting the royal pardon, he refolved Ing it : But whatever moral considerations to do fome fignal action in behalf of the ought to have influenced his conduct, king, that might obliterate the remem- his thirft of power filenced the dictates brance of his conduct at Kaelat. of confeience : So that he determined to With this view he prepared for an expe- embrace the opportunity of an hofpitable « dition againft the Afghans, who were ma- reception, and the fpecious pretence of iters of the neighl ouring city Nicliabur, an obliged gueft, to make a facrifiee of where they had a garifon of above 3000 men. his benefactor. For this purpofe he had Nadir's forces exceeded this number, but left orders that coo more of his beft men being unaccuftomed to fieges, and defirous mould follow him the next day, and of action in the field, he determined to make conceal themfelves near the fortrefs of ufe of a ftratagem to draw the enemy Kaelat, and there be ready at a fignal out of their garifon : The Afghans, who appointed. confidered Nadir rather as a free booter, Having thus concerted his mcafures, G than the general of a formidable body of the fecorid night after his arrival he or- forces, apprehended no great danger from dered his 100 men within the caftle to his neighbourhood. Their troops, to the kill the centries, and (hut up the reft of number of 600, were fecurely marauding, the garifon, to the number of 200 men, when Nadir detached about that number in their barracks, whilft he went him- of his cavalry, who attacked them un- fclf into his uncle's chamber and mux- 3 expected ly, Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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I75J- Critical Remarks 01 TACITUS. 175 expectedly, and cut them to pieces s Upon 1598, whom having compared with the this, the governor with his whole garifon late Dutch edition, I think very correct j iflued forth to fall upon the Perfians, who there are, no doubt, fomc exceptions to immediately retreated towards Banrahad, his chronology, and thofe parts of a phi* a defile in the mountains, which fe- lofophick and narrative kind are not fo parates the provinces of Khorafan and compleat as the progrefs of thofe fcienoe* Aftrabad $ this was the rendezvous ap- now requires. His ftyle muft be allowed pointed. The Afghans purfued them for £ as pure and claffical as any hiftorians, in feveral leagues, till they came to this which he and the admirable Livy excel- defile : Nadir, in the interim, marched led all j his fentiments to me appear no- with 1500 of his men, and under the ble and humane, and his characters of favour of a wood, which covers thefe men (as far as can be guefled at this dif- mountains, he concealed his men at the tance) lively and impartial. entrance of the pafs. The Afghans^ not But what charms me moft of all, is his fufpeetingany other enemy to be near, fol- conilant ftudy to embcllifli the. virtuous, lowed the 600 men with an impatience of _ and (tigraatize the vicious characters of refenting the krfs they had jutt Curtained *» his age, and the times he wrote of. He at Nichabur. As foon as they had well gives the fuller! accounts of all the Re- entered the defile, which is very narrow, mans tranfactions in our ifland of any the 600 Perfians faced about, whilft Nadir author, which is the bafis of our Britith with his body of 1500 men, fell upon them hiftory in thofe early ages : What pity in rear, with fuch impetuofity, that the our own writers had not imitated (bch aftoniraed Afghans,' incapable of acting models, as they appeared in their fpeechee with their cavalry, and lufpecting them- and conduct in thofe times to want nci- felves furrounded by a great army, be- C tncr bravery, nor parts ! came an eafy prey, and lew of them e- Tacitus enjoyed very high honours at fcaped the (laughter. Rome, and has all the encomiums of an- After dividing the fpoil taken upon tiquity ftrewed over his works ; as the this occafion, Nadir returned to Nichabur, two Pliny's, Orofius, Vopifcus, Sidoni- the gates of which were opened to him s us, Lipfius. He was cotemporary at the He took pofleflion of it in the name of forum and rivalled there Quintilian, Flo- Shah Tsehmas, charging his troops not rus, Maternus, Aper, Marcellus, Mefla- to injure any of the inhabitants, declaring la ; and was carefled by all the genii of that his intentions were to deliver them j) Rome, in all her glory, from the tyranny and ufurpation of the But nothing has gathered fuch a cloud Afghans, and to fupport them in their over our author as being fo often corn- fidelity to their true fovereign; as he mended by the late unhappy lord B— ke, knew that necefftty only had induced to the theological parts of whofe letters, them to fubmit to their late mailers* the publick has already feea two very in- The effects belonging to the Afghans he genious anfwers. The moil learned bi* divided among his foldiers ; and the (hop Clayton's in particular, after a thou- humanity with which he treated the in- (and fine and marterly arguments and ob- babitants, was fo remarkable, that with- E fervations, concludes with quotations out forcing a (ingle perfon to join him, from the 5th and laft book of Tacitut's he obtained a reinforcement of near 1000 hiftory, which well deferve to be read men, more at large in the original ; tho* all [To he continued in our next.] the ingenuity of man cannot apply this ...... , ^ ^ beautiful and uncommon paflage more Seme tntieal Remarks on C. Tacit v s, adroitly and fublimely than the good bi. *"/.* ee!^Tated FaJfeeJ" the 7i}} Booh, mop has done. The noble Roman, in of bn Hi/hry. Addrffed to the learned p writing of the facking of Jerufalem by and Rev. Mr. Wakbuktok. Titu$ wiln a ygfl army of ^y^ from a,| THERE have been few ancient au- the nations around Judaea, gave a curious thors, whofe' works and character narrative, from the irt to the 13d chap- bavc fo often, and fo varjoufly, received ter of this 1aft book of the remains of his the applaufe and cenfure of their readers, ttory, of the original and polity of the as that great annalift Cornelius Tacitus j Jews ; in which he mentions their de- on whom I (hall add a very few remarks partute from Egypt under the conduct of in the fpirit of candour, and, as 1 hum- ^ Mofes, with aftonifhing circumftances bly think, more juft to his genius, and ** (or a heathen writer t But the clear eloci- nearer the truth, than either of thofe who dations of this (lory are to be (een in the too lavi/hly run him down to the com- travels of Dr. Shaw and Pococke, with mon level, or exalt him to the (lars. fuch inimitable fignatures of truth, as The firft and beft Englifh criticks on our kaves infidels (if any fuch can pofiibly be) author were Greneway and Savllk, ia no Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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176 Of Changes in Climates and Co vh Tries. April »o (hadow fof doubting j of which th* earth, fo did it bring fahibrity to the airi pious bimop Clayton/has availed himfeif China, Perfia, and the great monarchic* with infinite judgment. °£ Europe, have been refrewed and fruc- The courfe of the bUhop's ailment *&** by forced waters and a multitude of leading him no farther, I beg leave to f*nais t The rapid rivers have been porfue this amiable account of Jud*a. brought to flow by the direction of induf- which (had not this moft precious part of try 5 trees have been tranfplanted toand all Tacitus been loft) would probably have A ^m different countries, the fevcral fruits contained as valuable a hiftory of that of the earth meliorated, the quality of memorable liege and cataftrophe of the waten 1 corrected, dangerous plants era- holy city, as the world ever faw.-Tad- dicatcd, fens drained, the nature and " tus then proceeds to a georraphick de- power of jegetablcs inveftigated 5 the fcription of the country of Judaw, of , pleafant and healthful foods and Iiquort its plants and productions, as the baHam mutually imported in all trading places ; and palm-trees z its mountains, rivers *Ad all thefo have occafioned many and lakes, in which the Romans excelled • changes « In fine, though here is a large all others in their delineations : This led • field for enumeration, art has provided him to a moft remarkable account of the innumerable contrivances arainft the pre- lake AfphaMtes, and all the region, where judicial effects of winter and fummer , to Sodom and Gomorrha once fiourUhed, that in all Europe, Turkey Is the only (fee chap, 6 and 7 Lat. edit.) which country where 'tis the policy of the go- nial (hike every reader with a religious *ernment to impoven(h the people. Thole awe to compare this with the facred ftory. charming places, the theatre of antiquity. He then traces the various revolutions the nurfery of poets, phUofophers and in Tudasa, glancing upon Pompey's en- C h^oes, Uc now a wild warte : the few terfng the holy temple, (which I think inhabitants plant and few only for the Craflus afterwards fccrilegioufly plunder- neceffities of their families 1 So that the ed of all the immenfe riches in the Sane- country at any diftance from towns is turn Sanaorum) after which Tacitus tells over-run with weeds and bnars. us the names of the feveral governors of But the circulation of things occafioned it, down to the ficge of Terufclem by Tl- by commerce, U not of that moment as tus. where his works abruptly leave us the tranfjplantation which human nature as to any farther lights in the JewUh fto- D Welf has undergone. The tranfinigrati- rv. on of people, and the (fettling of colonies, And here I (hall- end my obfervatione have confounded, and in feme refpeat on him. with lamenting the lofs of fo obliterated the delineations of cbaraaers, great a part of his and Livy's works, as *• tranfmitted by the antients : England one of the moft ineftimable treafures of foftened the ferocity of its conquerors, all antiquity. the Saxons 5 for the true Englishman was Wotton, v never cruel, as many imagine in France j Feb. 10. 1753. ' Eugihio. this prejudice is politically kept up among £ the commonalty and populace, in order to Jki ingenious Treatife having been lately pnh~ fofter the general animofity of the French lifeedf intitled, The Spirit of Nations, againft that formidable enemy. The Turks, tranfiated from the French, we JbaM whoarethetruedefcendantsof theScythi- ghte our Readers what it Jays concerning am properly fo called, within thefe two cen- tbe Tranjplantation of Men, mud the Changes turies, not only begun to dtveft themfelves Hebicb have happened in Climates and Cms- of their cruelty, but have alfo departed from tries, ' their original valour : They themfelves FOR feveral ages paft, Italy has feen p fcruple not to acknowledge this great dif- very eflential changes in their phyfl- r ference between them and their anceftom cal otcoaomy. The climate has taken a And thus, for the fecond time, has Giecce new turn, as thofe (harp winters, of enervated its conquerors, which the antients complained, have not From the fame cau(es fprung the cor- been felt for feme ages. The eruptions ruptions of the Galatians, a colony of of Vukano's, the appearance of mines the Gaols, inhabiting Lefler Afia : the of Arfenick, the drying of the fens of eonful Lucius Memmius feeing the foldiers Oftia and Otranto j all tbefe particulars, G terrified at the name of Gauls, brought together with the prodigious difference them in heart again, by telling them that betwixt the antient and modern Romans, the Galatians, foftened by the luxuriance evidence an alteration in the climate, pro- of the country, were no longer the robuft duced by phyfical cauies of all kinds. intrepid Gauls ; and this obfervation he How many immenfe forefts have been owed rather to experience than to his cleared in France and Germany ! And philofophy, at teaft he feems to have had thus, as cultivation gave fertility to the but Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1753- Letter concerning Plaister ^/ PARIS. 177 but little knowledge $ for this u he, Who ticular were furpriflngly referved. Tra- ■fter conquering Achaia, and caufing yelling was little praetifed amonj the ftips to be laden with the fineft pieces in Hebrews, and other caftern nations : This painting and ftatuary, which the plunder rambling humour was firft fet on foot by of Greece afforded, told thofe to whole the Greeks, though fomerimes on a com- care he committed them, that if they mendable motive j ami the curious alfb came to any damage, they mould make Hocked from all parts among them, a$ him others at their own ©oft. ^ now amongft us. Accordingly, the Ro- The CWnefe, among whom travelling mans and other nations copied their man- is forbid, and no foreigners tikewife al- ners, and even their fables ; fo that when lowed to fettle, have adhered to the fame they grew corrupted, the depravation be- cuftoms, laws and ufages during the long came general. The French, without fuccemons of thirty imperial families. Airring from home, have given a turn in The very EngWh alter by travelling. The confiderable points to the manners of Perch colonifts at Bauvia feem to have Europe : God grant they may never be quite forgot their parfimoniovs diet in the the instruments of corrupting them ! other hemifphere, adopting all the luxu- B Travelling does not obtain much among rious manners of the Anatickjs. After tlie French ; the enjoyments of life and two or three generations at further*, the the plea Cures of fociety are not to be had blood lofes its primitive qualities, and elfewhere in equal delicacy 5 and thiefe thofe of the foil manifeft themfelves in draw a vaft refort of foreigners j for here men, animals, and plants. is nothing of the ftrffnefc and gravity of As my laft reflection on this head, I the antient Egyptians ; the fcicnccs and lhall add, that the excefs of corruption it diverfions are both eafy of accefs, and grafted on commerce, where there is a q every body rejoices to invite the ftranecr mixture of nations. Nothing comes up either to the improvement of his faculties; to the accounts of Lima, Mexico, and or the gratification of his fenfes. ,the Spanifh fettlements. The deliciotif- nefs of the country, the opuiency, the Solhe infiruSKve ax wll at tmufa Ut- conflux of traders of different nations, ters havi been latc! pubIlJhdt rjd t0 ^ have given rife, in thofe places to fuch a wrote fnn rewraI Ptlrti '* zutope w medley of religion and hcentioufnefs, that tbe Ea^ {n tU Ytar J&c ^ ' the only parallel hiftory affords, is the M Opportunity ferucs, cr.urtain our Rcadcn celebration of the foreign myftenea at 1* ^th feme of tbcmfi rmarkabU of them. Rome under its brutal emperors. ^ ^tber in ^ JQtb Letter Jnta To return to Europe $ there is now an follows : tonlverfarintercourfe betwixt its feversl nations; they are linked together not on- A Very good friend of yours as well ly by commerce, bat connections of af- f\ a» mine, my dear • • *, has often fairs, intrigues, politicks, and fciencea declared himferf difTarisrled, that he has quite unknown to antiquity. The travels yet contributed nothing to your entertain- of perfons diftinguifhed by their rank or £ mont ; He had refolved not to deviate merit, introduce alterations in the man- from his immediate read to do this, but ners of every rration 5 and no change at length an opportunity offered, and he can be juftly termed indifferent, not even has feized upon it. You know writing that of fafhion j as in wars and voyages is troublefome to him 5 I do not know men move into foreign countries, fo the whether you are fenfible, but I aflure you climates in fome degree go along with I have long fince been made fo, that it is them ; the ground, the bafis of the cha- more troublefome to his readers : One is racier, is the only thing which knows no _ vexed with the man who writes illegibly mutation. * what one has a mind to read. Accept Antiquity, eafy in the fortunate feats me as his amanucnfis. I think his fub- where nature had placed it, and felf-fuf- ject but a dry one, but he is pofirive it ficient in its fimphcity, did not ftand in will pleafc you. I have. been charmed need of fo much contrivance and induf- with his manner of profecuting it j but I try as the moderns, born m more craving have a double advantage j I am eager in climates $ accordingly, the variations in the ftudy to which it belongs, and i have the characler of the antients are not fo feen what only can be defcribed to you. ftrongly marked as thofe of the moderns. Q, This preface is too long : But to the mat* Egypt, the metropolis of the fciences, rer. majeftically ftaid at home, and, like all You have heard of the plaiAer of Paris, the eaftern fages, fparingly communicated of which it has latelj been fo much a fa- its fcientifical treafures to the ftrangers ft ion to make butts and figures i It is who reforted thither : The prielUin par* made from a ftone dug at M^ntmajtre ?n April, 1753. 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178 Obfervations en Plaister of PARIS. April this neighborhood, and ha* its name ed fo much alike, were perfectly different > from the capital, where is the principal yet this and the plaifter ftone, which mart for it. M s has been thefe two fecmed as different as ice and fugar, weie days in the pits 5 while 1 have been ftu- in effe£ the fame. The flat and perfea- dying the unknown fculptor of two thoa- ly tranfparent ftone, he toW me, was fand years ago, he has been in as much found indifcriminately with the commoa convention as his moderate (hare of plaifter, and is 'no other than that; very French will let him, with the diggers of a fubftance, only under a more perfe4 thofe ftones. This morning he threw form. It anfwers the feme kind of pur- fome fragments of his collection into my pofes, only keeping up its prerogative of way at breakfaft. I was going to fweeten excellence, as the other ; And when cal- my tea with them : You never faw any cined makes that beautiful white mafs, thing fo perfeaiy like loaf fugar as the which we fee in thofe figures fold at our ftone of which the plaifter is made 5 there /hops. This more pure and elegant mafs, are fome pieces of it coarfer, thefe refem- under the fame management, hardens ta- ble the lefs refined loaves 5 but the fineft _ to a kind of marble. There needs only are more white and clean than the moft 8 a flight burning of thefe ftones to make highly refined of the Dutch manufacture. them fit for grinding to powder 5 and af- He led me to his room, on a table in tcr that the duft is wetted with common wluch there was an arrangement of a water, and made fo thin that it will run j multitude of the pieces or lumps of it, in this condition it is caft into moulds, in their natural form as taken from the and it prefently hardens on the one part pit. The fineft of them are white as into a fofter, and on the other into a fnow ; and though two or three inches firmer matter. The variety of bufts and in thicknefs, they ate little inferior to Q figures which you fee, are made by this cryftal in tranfparence : They are all management of the common plaifter of broad and flat. It does not, I find, lie Paris ; and the flabs in imitation of mar- in whole continued rocks, as the ftone ble, of the fine flat ftone. You have does in our Englifh quarries ; it is natu- feen tables imitating marble, and yery rally in thefe flat loofe pieces ; they are nearly as hard as fome of the (bfter kinds of different fizes, and lie among a kind of it, on which there has been pictured of loofe marie, a good deal like that blue a card, a book, or a piece of fruit j they and red marie which they ufe at your feat are all made of this fine tranfparent ftont, in Leiceftermire for manure. O which is dug in the Montmaitre pits. At one end of the table lay a number The greater part of what is wrought into of vaft cakes of a tranfparent fubftance, figures in England, is, I believe, the pro- refcmbling ice. 1 have feen the lumps of duce of our own country. 1 remember Mufcovy tfrgUft, with flakes of which to have feen pits of it in Yorkftiire, and my lifters ufed'to cover pictures. On fome of the midland counties: But it is taking a piece more than a foot long, and coarfe and poor in comparifon of the more than an inch in thicknefs, from Montmartre kind 5 and the ftatues form* among thefe, I no fooner faw it compo- g ed of it are of inferior value. The flat fed of flikcs in the like manner, and rea- ftone is the produee of the French pita dy ro fplit at the leaft touch, than I de- alone $ and it was long before it was dif- clared it the fame. The fagacity of covered that it was from this the artifts M s furprifed me : Among the appa- of that nation made their artificial marbles ratus to his rnicrofcope, which always is If it be not known yet in England, I a part of his baggage, he had a little (hall be glad of having informed them of lump of ifinglafs ready to mend the fli- it. <*» ders : He flipped off a flake of one and I am to confefs to ypu, that I was of the other $ he bade me mind, that the F backward in taking my warm friend'i ifinglafs would bend any way, and re- word about two ft) very unlike fubftances cover itfelf to its flatnefs by its own elaf- being in reality the (ame. To one who Vicity : A ftaj<e of the other could not judged only by the eye, the afl«rtit»n be bent without breaking t He told me could not but appear a very ftrange one g this alone was proof that they were per- but it was foon explained to me. The Ufily different fubftances $ but he con- plaifter ftone was white and gritty, tke Priced me of it, by putting the two flakes other colourlefs and formed of large plates, into the fire ; that of the Montmartre q laid one upon another. The raicrofcofie ftone calcined to a white powder in an foon difcovered to me that this difference, inftant j and all the force of the cominu- ftrong and ftriking as it appeared, ed heat did not at all affedt the other. He no more than fuperficial. He called me furprifed me more by telling me, that in a moment to caft my eye upon What though this and the ifinglafs, wluch feem- he bad placed before that machine. Ttt tot Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1753- Experiments on Plaister of PARIS. 179 the qurftion of what it was, I anfwered, work. M % put a lump of each kind one of thofe flat and pellucid ftones. He into a clear part of the /ire j and by that removed the glafs, and ihewed me that time they were red hot, took them out he had crumbled to pieces a corner of calcined : Both the one and the other one of the other ftones, and that what I were now of a fnow white, and the had feen under that enlarged view as a* change was moft perceived in the flaky vail flake of the other kind, was in reali- kind, becaufe it had totally loft its beau- ty no more than a fingle granule or fepa- J± tiful tranfparency. Thefe were feparately rated particle of the other. It was evi- powdered in a mortar, and as the pow- dent from this, that the two bodies, fa der made from the finer kind was not fuf- different in appearance to the unaftifted ficiently burnt, he gave it a recalcination : fight, were in reality the fame ; and that The elaboratory of a chemift would have all the true diftinetion was, that nature furnifhed fome hard- named velfel for this had in the one formed the flat mafs large, purpofe ; but in our hotel a common and dcpofited it Angle, whereas in the fire-movel performed it perfectly well, other many of the fmaller had been I cannot but mention to you a circum- thrown together. On directing the afflft- B ftance in this operation, which pleafed ed eye towards the whole mafs, this was me extremely 5 the difference between yet more evident ; and when in that folids when in powder, and fluids, never view, every fragment was enlarged to the bad appeared to me in fo inconfiderable full fize of the fingle flake j the whole a light as it did in this procefs. The fire- appeared a rough rock, compofed of a rtiovel was filled with the powder of the multitude of fpangles thrown together. flaky ftone, and fet on the fire ; when Every particle thus fwelled to the fize of thoroughly heated, the powder did not the whole flake, was of the fame figure, Q receive the action of the fire, as you oblong and irregularly angulated. The would have expected, without motion ; rhomboidal ftones of a pellucid matter it quickly began to ftir, and toward the formed in our clay pits, and which end of the time moved and lifted up and M s tells me, though he cannot tell down, exactly in the manner of boiling me why, the natural* As call felenites, water. moon -ftones, are of a fubftance nearly The powder of the other kind had refembling thefe : You may remember been fufficiently burnt before, this now the workmen picked out many of thofe was alfo ready for fervice. M s pre- from the clay thrown up in digging your O pared his moulds, and wetted both fepa- well, and your fifters honoured them with rately 5 he caft them into the places fe- a place in your grotto* Thefe flakes are verally prepared for them, and from the perfectly like thofe bodies in texture, common kind was produced in a few colour, and tranfparence, only that they minutes the buft J fend you j from the are not, as thofe, regularly angular, but other, the little flab which accompanies abrupt and unequal at the ends. Such it. He charges me to apologize for the are the fingle and detached great pieces, coarfe and clumfy manner in which they* fuch the fmall granules of the complicated £ are done ; hut 1 flatter myfelf you will mafs. I was now convinced they were find the buft much fu peri or, in point of the fame in all refpects, and it remained its matter, to the generality of thofe you to experiment upon their nature. meet with in town $ and the flab very My fagacious friend feems informed, little inferior, either in colour or hard- not only of the form of the things he nefs, to atabafter. ftutfics, but of all that relates to their I had curiofity, after T had been thus ufes and management 5 he promifed to perfectly informed as to the nature and IJiew me the manner of forming the plat- _ ufe of the two kinds, to enquire the opi- (Jer from thefe ftones of both kinds, and * nion of my friend, how it had happened, to give me proof of what he had fa id as that two ftones, perfectly the fame in to the fupenor quality of that made from their principles, and even in their ftruc- the pellucid or flaky kind. I have been ture, when carefully examined, for fuch i}fed to be terrified from experimenting he had proved them to he, came in the by the furnaces and apparatus declared to fame place to be formed in fo different a be neceflary in all the books of chemift ry. manner ? My friend drew up his count*- I find when people have a mind to ufe nance, and told me, it would he hard to the art without pomp and parade, thefe Q take the compaft necclf-iry to anfwer my things are in a great meafure unneceflary. queftion clearly ; however, faid he, what A common fire ferved in the place of a few words will do towards it, ftull not the furnace 1, and all the other requifites be wanting. for the calcining the ftoncs, and a very He observed, that the whole fubftance moderate degree of heat dcts the whole of the earthy and all tilings, contained in * Z * it, Digitized b^VjOOQlC

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180 Dtflbhitton ^^Concretion of folid Bodies. April it, were originally formed of particles particles which compofed this plaifterftone feparated from water. So fays the Mo- of both kinds, were once fufpended in iaick account of the creation j andfo have a fluid, in water furrounding and cover- (aid all the philofophers of old time, with- ing the face of this globe. As the larger out the afliftance of infpi ration, from and tingle grains, and the mafles formed the mere principles of reafon. There of fmaller are in the former cafe the Dime was a time, he alfo obferved, when all fait, fo in this the matter forming the the folid matter of the globe, at leaft Alar&c pellucid flakes, and the complex that of its whole furface to a certain depth, and lefs clear mafles, is the fame. The far beyond all that we dig in mining, was fluid evaporated in different degrees and again taken up and fufpended in water : quantities, and when it pafled off flowed The hardeft rocks are evidently compofed gave opportunity for the clearer, larger, of particles once thus fwimming in a fluid, and finer flakes : When more rapidly, fince fea fhells are found immerfed in the fame matter formed itfelf into fmaller them, and could not otherwife have been flakes, though of the fame general form let into them. Thefe two kinds of plaifter _ and (hape j and thefe coalefccd, through (tone, continued he, were in the fame the hurry of the operation, into lumps manner formed of particles feparated from of different bignefs, according to that water: If we would know how, we hurry, or to the fomewhat flower evapo- may fee it explained in the concre- ration. tion of common fait. Water will dif- You will acknowledge, as I did, that folve it, and will retain it diflblved j but every thing was very fairly explained a* Coon as the fun and wind, or the more by this fyftera, except for one unlucky fpeedy operation of a fire, have eva- circumffance, which is, that plaifter of porated fome part of the water, the fait C Paris is not foluble in water ; that fait can be no longer fuflained in what re- thrown into that fluid will inftantly melt mains -y but is feparated, and forms a in it, but that if this done lies for ever folid body, or a number of folid bodies, at the bottom of a river, it will not lofe adhering to the fides of the veflel. , a grain of its weight. I made the objec- . It is not only, continued M— s, the tion, and M — s, after a preparation, fuch general formation of thofe (tones that is as had preceded the other, went through, thus explained by that of the (hooting the difficulty in abetter manner than any of a diflblved fait into a folid form. Truth, *\ who have written on it, and upon very when brought into a fyftem, generally different principles. This pbilofophy, like anfwers many more purpofes than were every thing clfe about him, is new ; but at firft expected. If the water haMp eva- you will be pleafed, if you are not per- poiated (lowly, the fait forms itfelf in feftly fatisfied with it. You (hall have its folid ftate more regularly ; if it have it in another letter 5 for the prefent, good been carried off quickly, the mafles are night ; I have carried myfelf beyond my more confufed- Suppofing it common time, almoft beyond my paper, fea fait that had been diflblved in the water, * * *. the regular figure of its cryftal is a cube j £ If the water be evaporated gradually, TWAe A UTH O R ^ flfe LONDON the fait moots into thefe regular cryftals, MAGAZINE. and all the particles are large, tranfparcnt, SIR, and of a cubick form : If, on the contrary, A N ingenious cprrefpondent of yours, the evaporation have been quicker, the f\ who dates his letter from Oxford, operation becomes confufed, and inftead has done me the honour to mention my of large and feparare eryftali, there are State of the Cafe between Sir Ifaac Newton formed irregular mafles formed of fmaller, g» and Mr. Hutchinfon, putting at the fame lefs regular, and lefs pellucid cryft als, time a qu eft ion to me upon one particular thrown together without any order. It part of it. (See p. iai.)«^I had (hewn is not uncommon in our fait pang^ where from Sir Ifaac Newton, that it was hit the procefs is continually performed, and opinion, that the operations of nature all parts of it not equally attended to, were carried on by a fluid, rarer at fome to fee different quantities of the fait places than at others, and acting by im- ip the different parts of the pan of - pulfe from the centre of the fyflem o«t«? quite various figures j that which has wards to the extremities : From whence* concreted during a fiercer heat is in confu- G as impulfe neceflarily implies contact, t fed mafles, that which has concreted during left it to be confidered by the learned* a flower evaporation is in larger and fepa- whether motion by impulfe and contacH rate cryftals. could be carried on without what we call In ttye fame manner, continued he, an abfolute plenum, or whether it rnirft with great clcarnefs and propriety, the not immediately ceafe, if any 'of, the im« j>elling Digitized by VjOOQ iC

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*753 2%e QyKSTiotf dfout a Plenum anfwered. i#f pelting particles were (eparated from each powerful th* farther it is diftant from the otherbyagapofvoidfpace? Thequeftion elearified body, and the reafon why it put by the learned gentleman upon this is fo is, beeaufe it is more denfe. At and J* — « How is it poflible to conceive this near the centre, where it is moft rare fluid medium to be denferor rarer in one and fubtle, it is moft powerful and ac- place than in another, if we do not fup- tive, the parts of it being in the moft pofe a vaft number of interftitial vacuities violent motion j but as it gets farther off; to be in that place where it is rarer ?** J± the motion languifhes and decays, the To which I beg leave ^to reply as follows, force and power abates, and the fluid I defined rarer to be, eonjtfiinv of f articles becomes more denfe, gradually returning of ajmallerfze, p. 60 } and 1 apprehend to the ftate it was in before the electrical there may as well be a plenum of fmall machine had ratified and fubtilized It. particles as of large ones, only in one The remaining paragraph contains, f cafe there are more in number than think, nothing more than the firft ob- in the other* E. g. a receiver is full of jection Rated in other words 5 fo I matt air, or large particles j exhauft them, take my leave of the ingenious gentle- and it is full of light or fmall particles, B man, returning him my Sincere thanks, that come in thro* the pores of the glafs, which I always efteem due to any one as the others go out by the pump. For who mall give me an opportunity of con- thus in the experiment referred to, p. 4c, firming and explaining any thing I have Sir Ifaac found, that a thermometer m (aid that may be right, or retracting any vacuo was as foon affected by the heat thing that is otherwife. By infer ting this in the room as one in the open air, which in your next Magazine you will oblige demonstrated that fluid was very con- SIR, tiguous and continuous from the fire to Q Magdalen-college, Your humble fervant* the thermometer in vacuo as to that in Oxford, Apr. 13, 1753* G. HORNE.' the open air, i. e. that there was as ab- folute a plenum in the one cafe as in the A Particular Account of the Maffacre that other: and it is impoffible to foppofe befel Cafi. Coon, and bis Pa>pUt in the them affected in either without fuch SbiP Marlborough of Bnftot, after tbef a plenum. The only difference is, that bad M** the Bar °f Bonny, on tba the plenum in the air was compofed of Ccafiof Afna, by the Rifaigcf the Slaves. large and fmall particles promifcuoufly, _ ** * Letttr fr*" Jonn Harns (wb* «"* the plenum in the exhaufted receiver, of D dutied the Bonny Staves on Shore, and fmall ones only. And fo Sir Ifaac moft thereby faved bis own Life J to bis Father in admirably exprefles it—" Is not this ex- Briftol. (Set p. 91.) tcrior heat conveyed thro' the vacuum *T"rctvr/;'/fynonyrnous terms, we flood and faw their barbarity, who ©rtoaflertthattbetercrr of the fluid arifes fired up at us all the time ; our doctor from its denfty, wliich I humbly appre- and another man got into the punt, and hend it does not. The electrical ftream were barbaroufly murdered ? they fhot (as he very rightly obferves) is the lefs the doctor in Ins fide, then taking a gun, ftruck Digitized by VjOOQ iC

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i8« Terrible Massacre *» Shipboard. April flroek Mm ever the head with it levers! they did the day before. We then cut timet ; but perceiving he was not quite the cable, and came to an anchor in fight dead, they got the cook's mail, and beat of the (hips lying off Bonny, .but the his brains out, and toffed him and the Gold-coaft flavcs not liking to fee the other overboard \ our chief mate was fhips, threatened our 'lives j we fatisfied fobbed in the body, and the fecond mate's them as well as we could. We had not throat cut from ear to w, and another lain beet long before they ordered the nan killed in the Aeerage. After they ^boatfwain to lower the punt down, think- hmd murdered almoft all the officers, and ing to fend the Bonny Oaves on (hoar, a moft of the men, they purfued us again, boat- load at a time j but for fear of de- firing at us as faft as they could load lay, they thought proper to fend a white their pieces ; our third mate, being at man in her j 1 was ordered in and out the mizen-top mad head, was (hot thro* of the boat two different times, when the thigh, who then went down, and re- they fent two Blacks in ; but the cook lied on their mercy , when four of them told them, it was better to fend me in cut him limb from limb. We feeing fuch the boat, becaufe I knew bed what to de cruelty ufed, knew no means to fecure B in her t We loaded the boat and rowed •orielves j we went down die main-top- for our lives to the fhore, it by this time snail ftay into the fore- top, where we growing dark. 1 lay at a trader* s houfe, taw the captain and three more, in a mi- and the next day I went on board the serable condition $ then we went up into Earl ef Radnor, Capt. Wright, belong-, the crofs trees, where they fired at us as ing to Briftol. bad as before ; I was mot in my right Our (hip lay here two or three days af- arm and in my belly, but I parted it off ter I left her : The Hawk belonging to as light as I could 5 for if I had then be- q Briftol, who is come in here, paflcd by fcaved otherwife, they would have thrown her, and faw me looked like a Jhip that me over-board, as they did the reft of the had been plundered by flaves, fell under wounded. ftern, and hailed her 5 they told them After begging for our lives, about two tho captain, mate and fix more were gone hours, they feeing our number was but on more, and the reft were aU tick $ they final?, bid us come down, and they would fent their yaul up to us to know the net kill us : We ventured down on the truth of it, and foon found the contrary 1 sore-top, when the Gold-coaft flaves call- they made no ftay, but went on board od me by my name, Harris, Harris, to D again di redly, and engaged her in the come down ! I went down and they night, but all to no purpofe. In the moved me along the deck from one to the morning the Gold-coaft flaves cut the ea- rner, that I thought I mould have been ble, and I believe me is either loft or killed amongft them : Then they brought drove to fea, with about S white people me aft, and put me and George Mecargo on board : I hear fince that the boat* in irons ; (we were about 12 in number, fwain leaped overboard, and fwam to the which they thought too many to be fav- Hawk ; but I have not fcen him. •d, fo threw four overboard alive) but £ The captain was alive two days in the we were foon releaftd to work the fhip ; fore- top m great mifery : On the fecond we put the fhip about, and ftood for the night we made an excufe to fet fome kits land, which we discovered in two days forward, when we got him down the and two nights j we ftood off and on to fore ftay into the fore-ftay-fail netting, get the heft bower anchor : Then the and put the fail over him. In the morn- Gold, coaft flaves made us Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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*i 75 3 . . Dcfcription of the Whale and Whale -Fifliery. 1 8$ - jnverted, the Urged of them weighing (pout out blood, they know that he dram, about 20 pounds. He contracts and towards hit end, and prepare for cutting dilates the didances of thofe blades at him up. In order to mis they hawl him the opening and (hutting his mouth, clofe to the (hip's fide, and dice his ticks, making them ferve as (trainers to feparate raiding the blubber by a hook and pully, the water from the (hrimpt, prawns, tec, which they lift up as they cut off, and as his food cdnfids of. For the fame then throw It into coppers to melt the purpofe on the infide of the bone, next ^ oil. the tongue, grows a quantity of hair, The liquor is then laded out into a to make (till a finer percolation j which boat half full of water, to cool, and U the more neccnary, becaufe, notwith* thence put up into hogmeads. In the meaav tending the bulk of a whale* s body, time, the head is cut off, and hoifted up by the throat of the Urged is not above a a pulley, till the whalebone is cut off, and toot wide. His bones are hard, like thofe tied up by fifties, and then the reft of that «f four-footed beads j but, inftead of bead is boiled for oil. The tongue, which Jiaving one large cavity in the middle, is (haped like a woolpack, and in a large are porous, and full of marrow. His ™ whale weighs about eight tons, wiH yield eyes meafure about fix inches over, with from fix to eleven hogiheads, tho* there eye-lids and hair like a man's. His beily have been initances of yielding more | and back are quite red j his flefti coatle but this is looked upon as extraordinary. ■ and hard like a bull, mixed with many Jinews, and is very dry and lean* becaufe "«»* •** Occafion of the late common Dif- the fat lies between the flem and the ccmJ< ttb°*t Gypues, given (be Hiad of ikin: the fat is mixed with finews, which the famous, or ratfxr infamous BAMP- Jsolds the oil as a fpunge doe's watery the Q FYLDEMOORECAREW,w4m other drong finews are about the tail* h(rt mfcrud an Account of that Impoftor ; with which he turns himfelf, as a (hip which may ferve to guard Perfons againfl juided by a rudder. tht ■^r/J an* Stratagems offuch Wretches, He fwims as fwift as a bird fties, and who are the Peft of Society, and injuriout snakes a track in the fea ltke a (hip under '• aU *»nefl Men. sail. Befides the upper rood thin (kin, T)AMPFYLD£ Moore Carew waa there is another almoft an inch thick 5 but JD the fon of the Rev. Mr. Theodora neither of them very drong* which is the n Carew, rector of Bickley, near Tiverton* in reafon why the whale does not exert him- U Devon fh ire, and at the age of 12 was ftnc felf (b much .as might be expected from to Tiverton -fchool, where in the fird fouc a rim of its fize. The middle fort of years he gained a considerable knowledge .them are from $0 to 60 fett long, and iu the Latin and Greek languages ; but yield from 70 to 100 barrels of blubber, foon a new exercife engrofled his attcn- tho* fome times they are much larger, tion, and this was that of hunting ; for This blubber lies immediately under the as the Tiverton fcholars had at that time iTcin; they cut it into thin dices, which are the command of a pack of hounds, this put into coppers j and the oil foon melt- £ youth had frequent opportunities of gra- sng out, the ikin is thrown away. The tifying his inclination to that diverfion. tail fcrves for a chopping- block, upon The Tiverton fcholars being informed, -which they cut the -blubber before it is that a fine deer had been (een in the field soiled. with a collar about its neck, which waa As foon as the fifhermen hear a whale fuppofed to be the favourite of fome gen- •hlow, they get out their boats, and -row tleman who lived at no great didance, till they come pretty near 5 then the har- ^hey went in a body to hunt it, with poooer drikes him, which requires great p Carew and fome other young gentlemen dexterity. There is no driking thro* the at their head. The chace was very hot bone of the bead, but near the fpout there and laded feveral hour*, and as it waa is a foft piece of fleih, into which the jud before harved, thefe young fportuneii iron drikes with eafe. When heisdruck, did a great deal of damage to the com* they give him rope enough, otherwise, Upon this, complaint being made to the when be goes down, he would fink the mader of the fchool, a dri& enquiry was boat ; and this he draws fo quick, that if made concerning the ringleaders, who, it were not well watered it would fet the were feverely threatened $ Carew and boat on (ire. ^ his companions abfented themfelves from They are careful in deering the boat,^ fchool, and the next day happening to go that the rope may run out exaclly before $ to an alehoufe about half a mile from for the while otherwife would overfet the Tiverton, fell in company with a focicty beat. The fat whales do not (ink as foon as of gypues, confiding of 17 or 1 3 perfons dead, but the lean ones do, and come 0/ both fexes* who were me: w:th a full up fome days after, When they fee him * pur- Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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184 Account of Bampfylde Moore Carew. April purpose of merriment, and had a plan - tions, only by committing the raoft wild tifui feaft. Carew conceived a ftrobg in- and frantick a&ons. dination to become one of the company, As Carew* t variable temper made him and the next day was initiated into the aflume a variety of forms, the fame dtf- myfteries of that idle fociety. His pa- pofnion gave him a defire to fee other rents now font meuengers to fearch for countries 5 he therefore finding a flap at him j and anxious for his fafcty took eve- Dartmouth ready to fet (all for Newfound- ry method of difcovering their fon, till £ land, went aboard this veiTeJ, and arriv- al the expiration of a year and a half, ing at the end of his voyage, obferve* having heard frequent accounts of the the method of catching and barrelling trouble they were in upon his account, fiih, and after having fatisfied his curiofi- hu heart melted, and he went to his fa- ty, and made all the observations that he ttier's hoeie. As he was greatly difguif- thought might be ufeful to him, he re- ed both in habit and countenance, he was turned back in the fame mip to Dart- mot known by his parents j but when he mouth, when begging in the character of discovered himfelf, their joy gumcd from a feaman wipwrecked in a voyage back their eyes, and they welcomed his return *» from Newfoundland, he applied to fuck with the mod tender endearments. merchants and marten of vefiels as were His parents now took all pofiible me- well acquainted with that ifland, and be- thods to render home agreeable to him, ing able to give a particular account of and to wean him from fuch an abandoned its fetdements, harbours, fimery, and Courfe of life : And for fome time, he inhabitants, gained a considerable booty. feerned inclined to conform himfetf to Soon after this, being at Newcaftle op- their defires : But at la ft the evil habits on Tyne, where he made a. very gentedt he fecretly longed to indulge, and the £ appearance, * he feH delptrateiy in love Ideas of the unlicenied freedom he had with the daughter of an eminent apothe- enjoyed in the company of thefe vaga- cary and furgeon, a young lady whofe bonds, made him break thro' every fenfe beauty was equal to that of any. of her of filial piety, affettion, and gratitude, Vex. He here made ufe of all his art, and without takine leave of any of his and as his perfon was very agreeable, die! relations, direft his fttps to the place slot find her greatly avctfe to his propo- where he flirt entered into this wretched fals of marriage 5 lie now pretended to community, and finding fome of the gyp. be the mate of a coMfer's vefifel that lay fies there, changed both his manners and in the harbour, and the captain had the hisdrefs, and forgot his family, his friends, D villainy to favour the deceit. The young and education. lady was fatisfied with this, and foon The firft difguife he put on, was that con fen ted to leave her parents, and to fall of a poor (hipwrecked failor j when hav- with him to Dartmouth, where being mg counterfeited the partes and certifi- arrived, he was no logger able to con- cates that were neceflary for him to tra- ceal his belonging to a vagabond fociety vel unmoleflcd, he found himfelf perfec>- of artful beggars, and therefore after ry able to impofe on the humanity of fome previous introduction, told her the mankind. He next aflumed the form of £ dreadful fecret. Shocked and confound- a plain honeft country farmer, and pre- ed as the muft be at this difcovery, her fended, that having lived in the ifleof Jove to the importer foon got the better Of Sheepy in Kent, his grounds had been her pride and juft refentment : When overflowed, and all his cattle drowned : letting out for Bath, their marriage was His habit was now neat, but ruftick ; his fbiemnized with a fplendor little fuitable air and behaviour fimpJe and inofftfnfive, to their circurrdtances. From hence they his fpeech in the Kentim dialed, his coun- went to Briftol, where they lived for fome tenance dejecled, and he pretended that p time in a very elegant manner, and then a wife and feven tender helplefs children^ ** takmg a journey into Hampfhire, went were partakers in his misfortunes. He to pay a vifit to an uncle of Carew's> next learnt the art of catching rats, from that lived at Gofport, who treated them a perfon of that profemon, and dreffing with the greateft hofpitality, made ufe of himfeif like his matter, followed a much1 every argument to reclaim his nephew, more honourable employment than he and even enforced his admonitions, with , had done before. An employment, promifes of providing for him while he which, tho* mean, is at leaffc honeft, and lived, and making him his heir when he m which he was capable of bein< ufeful G d~»ed ; yet nothing could prevail upon him to fociety. He next threw a fide his to rclinquilh his mean and dilhoneft em* cloaths, and covering himfelf with a ployment. blanker, and aiTumimc the charafier of On his leaving his uncle*s, he bethought Mad Tom, tailed conndeiable contribu* himi'eif of a new ftratagem, and equip- 5 P*»S Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1753- Account of Bampfylde Moori Cariw. 185 ping himfelf in a clergyman's Habit, put neft, and he anfwering in the affirmative, on a band, a large white wig, and a he was fent in to get his dinner, with a broad brimmed hat. His whole deport- promife, that after they had dined they ment was ftill agreeable to his drefs, his would make a trial of his abilities. Din- pace was (blemn and flow, his counte- ner being over, he was called into a great nance grave and thoughtful, his eyes turn- parlour among a large company of gen- ad on the ground ; from whence, as if tlemen and ladies. Well, Mr. Ratcatch* employed in (ecret ejaculations, he would Acr> ^id Mr. Port man, can you lay any raiie them to heaven : Every look and fcheme to kill the rats without hurting action fpoke his want 5 but at the fame my dogs. Yes, yes, replied Carew, I lima, the hypocrite feemed overwhelmed ihall lay it where even ttie cats cannot With that (name which modeft merit feels, climb to reach it. — And what country- waen obliged to follicit the cold hand of man are you ? — A Devonshire man, an't charity. This artful behaviour excited pleafe your honour. — What's your name } the curiofity of many people of fortune Carew perceiving, by fome fmiles and ' to enquire into his circumstances, but it p whifpers, that he was known, replied, Was with much fecming reluctance that » by telling the letters of which his name he acquainted them, that he had for ma- was compofed. This occasioned a good ny years axercifed the facred office of a deal of mirth, and Mr. PleydeU, of St. clergyman, at Abberufcuth, a parifh in Andrew's, Milbourn, who was one of the Wales, but that the government chang- company, exprefled fome pleafure at fee* ing, he had preferred quitting his bene- ing the famous Bampfylde Moore Carew, ftce, (tho' he had a wife and feveral fmall whom he (aid he had never feen before. children) to taking an oath contrary to Yes, but you have, fa id he, and given ma kis principles. This relation he accom- Q a fuit of cloaths. Mr. PleydeU was fur- pamed with frequent fighs, and warm prifed, and defired to know when it was ; axpreflions of his truft in Providence. Carew aiked him if he did not remember And as he perfectly knew thofe perfons his being met by a poor wretch, with a It was proper to apply to, this ftratagem locking round his head inftead of a cap, facceeded even beyond his expectations. an old woman's ragged mantle on his But hearing that a veflel, on board of (houlders, no Ihirt to his back, nor (tack - which there were many quakers, bound ings to his legs, and fcarcely any (hoes t9 lor Philadelphia, was cart away on the n his feet, who told him that he was a poor coaft of Ireland, he laid afide his gown ™ unfortunate man, ca(t away near the Ca- and band, doathed himfelf in a plain naries, and taken up, with 8 others, by fuit, and, with a demure countenance, a Frenchman, the reft of the crew, 16 in applied to the quakers, as one of thofe number, being drowned j and that after unhappy creatures, with great fuccefs, having a(ked him fome queftions, he gave and hearing that there was to be a meet* him a guinea and a fuit of cloaths. This ing of them from all parts, at a place Mr. PleydeU acknowledged, and Carew called Thorncombe in Devon fture, he replied, that was no other* than the ex- made the baft of his way thither, and £ pert rat-catcher now befofe you. At joining the aflembly, with a (eeraing mo- this aU the company laughed very hear- deft arTurance, made his cafe known, tily ; and Mr. PleydeU, and feveral others, and fatisrying them by his behaviour, offering to lay a guinea that they mould Xhat he was one of the fed, they made a know him again, let him come in what ^confiderable contribution for his relief. form he pleated, and others averting the With fuch wonderful facility did he af- contrary, Carew was defired to try his fame every character, that he often da- ingenuity ; and fome of the company ecived thofe who knew him belt, and p following him out, let him know, that were moft pofitive of his not being able * on fuch a day, the fame company, with to impofe upon them. Coming one day. feveral others, were to be at Mr. Pley- to Mr. Portman's at Brinfon, near Bland- dell's. ford, in the character of a rat-catcher, When the day arrived, be got himfelf •virith a hair cap on his head, a buff girdle dofe (haved, and drefilng himfelf like an arfaout his waift, and a tame rat in a lit- old woman, put a high- crowned hat on tie? box by his fide ; he boldly marched his head, borrowed a little hump backed aap to the houfe in this difguife, tho' his child of a tinker, and two others of a Ton was known, to aU the family 5 q beggar, and with the two laft at his back, od meeting in the court with the Rev. and the former by the hand, marched to Jbf r. Bryant, and feveral other gentlemen, Mr. Pleydell's ; when coming up to the whom he well knew, afked if their ho- door, he put his hand behind him, and rtcrurs had any rats to kUl. Mr. Portman pinching one of the children, fet it a roar- jneplted by afking him if he knew his bufi- ing, and gave the alarm to the dogs, who April, 1753. A a ' came Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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186 Account of Bam p^yld* Moore Car ew. Afrrl came out with open throats, fo that be- percargo of a verTel that was caft away tween the crying of the child, and the comfng from Sweden, in which were bis barking of the dogs, the family was fuf- whole effefts, none of which he had been ficiently difturbed. This brought out the able to fave. The duke feeing the name maid, who defired the, fuppofed old wo- of Bampfytde Moore Carew, and know- man to go about her bufinefs, telling her, ing thofe nanies to belong to families of me difturbed the ladies, God blefs their the greateft worth and note in the weft ladyfhips, replied Carew, 1 am the un- £ of England, alke^ him feveral queftiont fortunate grandmother of thefe poor help- about his family and relations, when be- lefs inlants, whofe dear mother, and all ing furprifed that he fliould apply for re- they had, was burnt at the dreadful fire lief to any but his own family,' which at Kirton, and hope the good ladies will, was fo well able to aflirt him, Carew re- for God** fake, bellow fomething on plied, that he had diibbliged them by the poor famifhed infants. This pitiful fome follies of youth, and had not (tin tale was accompanied with tears, and the them for fome years. The duke treated maid going in* foon returned with half a him with the utmoft humanity, and call- crown and a mefsof broth, on which, "ing a fcrvant, had him conducted into an going into the court to eat it, it was not inner room, where being fhaved by hit long before the gentlemen appeared, and grace's order, a fcrvant was fent to hint all relieving him, he pretended to go with a fuit of cloaths* a fine Holland away, when fetting up a tantivee, tan- fliirt, and every thing neceflary to hi* tivec, and an halloo to the dogs, they making a genteel appearance j he waa turned about, and fome of them then re- then called in to the duke, who was fit- eollefling, from his altered voice, that' it ting with feveral other perfons of quality, could be no other but Carew, he was fj who were all taken with his perfon and called in, when all examining his features, behaviour, and prefently raifed for him a they were highly delighted, and reward- fupply of 10 guineas. His grace being ed him for the entertainment he had given engaged to go out that afternoon, de fired them. that he mould flay there that night, and Carew fo eafily entered into every clia- gave orders that he fhould be hardfomely racier, and moulded himfelf into fo many entertained, leaving his gentleman to different form*, that he gained the higheft keep him company. 4 But the duke was applaufes irein that apparently wretched «. fcarcely gone, when Carew found an op- community to which he belonged, and *^ portunity to fet out unobferved towards foon became the favourite of their king, Bafingftoke, where he went to a houfe who was very old. This flattered his frequented by fome of his community, low ambition, and prompted him to be He treated thdtcompany, and informing continually planning new ftratagem*, a- them of the bold ftratagem he had ex- mong which he executed a very buld one ecuted, the whole place refonnded with ,on Ins grace the duke of Bolton : DrefT- applaufe, and every one acknowledged inft himfelf in a failor's ragged habit, and that he was moil worthy of Succeeding going to his grace's feat near Bafingftoke E their prefent king, in Hampfhire, he knocked at the gate, In this difguife he impofed upon feveral and with an allured countenance, defired others, and having fpent fome days in admittance to the duke, or at leaft that hunting with the late col. Strangeways, the porter would give his grace a paper at Melbury in Dorfet, the converfation which he held in his hand : But he ap- happened one day at dinuer to turn on plied in vain, but not bein^ difcouraged, Carcw's ingenuity ; the colonel feemed he waited till he at laft faw a fcrvant Airprized that feveral who were fo well come out, and telling him that he was a p acquainted with him, fliould have been very unfortunate man, defired he would fo deceived : Aflerting, that he thought be fo kind as to introduce him where he it impoflible for Mr. Carew to deceive might fpeak with his grace ; as this fer- him, as he had fo thoroughly obferved vant had no intercft in Icckiwg up his every feature and line in his countenance^ mailer, he very readily promifed to com- on whicR he modeftly replied it might ply with his requeft, as foon as the por- befo, and fome other fubje& being ft art ed, ter was off his (land j which he accord- the matter dropped. Early the next morn- ingly did, introducing him into a hall ing Carew being called upon to go out whei.e the duke was to pafs thro\ He G with the hounds, defired to be excufed, had not bten long there, before the duke which the colonel being informed of, <«me in $ upon which he ckpped bh knee went to the field without him. Soon to the ground, and offered him a petition, after, Carew came down ftairs, and (lightly fettng forth, that the unfortunate petiti- enquiring which way the colonel gene- ener/Bampfylde Moore Carew, was fu- rally returned, walked out, and going to 5 * a Digitized by LiOOQ IC

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1753* Account^ Bam prrLDE Moore Carew. 187 -a houfe frequented by his community, was entirely ignorant that none wre al- eXchanged hi* cloaths for a ragged, habit, lowed to travel there without proper made a counterfeit wound in his thighy pafles, or that there was a considerable took a pair of crutches, and having dif- reward granted for apprehending a lun- f uifed his face with a venerable pity- away, he congratulated himfelf on hit moving beard, and fome other altera- happy efcape, ind did not dcubt but he tions, went in fearch of the colonel, fhould find means to get to England* whom he found in the town of Everfhot. ^ But going one morning early thro1 a nar** His lamentable moans began almoft as row path, he was met by four men, foon as the colonel was in fight ; His when not being able to produce a pafs, countenance expretfed nothing but pain j he was feized, carried before a juflice Ids pretended wound was expoied to the of pence, and clapped in prifon. But colonel's eye, and the tears trickled down here happily getting intelligence, that his filver beard. As the colonel's heart fome captains co whom he was known, was not proof againft fuch an affecting were lying with their Ihips in the har- fight, he threw him half a crown, which hour, he let them know his utuation, en Carew received with exuberant gratitude, » which they paid him a vifit, and told and then with great fubmiflion deiired him, that as he had not been fold to a to be informed if col. St range ways, a planter, if the captain did not come to very charitable gentleman, did not live demand him, he would be pubhckly fold in that neighbourhood, and begged to the next court day, and then generoufiy £e directed the neareft way to his feat j agreed tb purchafe him among thtmfelves, on which the colonel, filled with com* and to give him his libeity : Carew, fays pafiion, fhewed him the fhorteft way to our author, wasfo firuck with their kind-* his own houfe, and on this he took his Q nefs, that he could not confent to pur* leave. Carew returned before the colo- chafe his liberty at their expence, and nel, and pretended to, be greatly refreshed defired them to tell the captain who with his morning's walk. When they brought the tranfports where he was. They were fet down to dinner, Carew enquired at laft agreed to his requcft j the captain what fport they had had, and if the co- received this news with great pleafure, lonel had not met a very miferable object ? fent round his boat for him, and had Aye, a very miferable object, indeed, him feverely punifhed witha catofmrr- replied the colonel, he looked mod pile- _ tails, and had a heavy iron collar fixed oufly, and had a very bad wound in his ^ to his neck, and with this gauling yoak thigh. Did not you direct him here? he was obliged to perform the great- Yes, replied the colonel, I did 5 and he eft drudgery. One day, when his fpi- has got here before yon, lays Carew, and rits were ready to fink with defpair, is now at your table. This occafioned a be faw the captains Harvey and Hop- great deal Df mirth 5 but the colonel kins, two of thofe who had propofed to could not be perfuaded of the truth of purchafe his liberty ; they weie greatly what Carew afierted, till he flipped out, affected with the miferies he fuffeied, . and hopped in again upon his crutches. E*nd after having founded the boat Twain About this time Claufe Patch, the king and mate, prevailed on them to wink of the Mendicants, died, and Carew had at his efcape j but the greateft obstacle the honour of being elected Icing in his was there being 40I. penalty a"hd half room $ by which dignity, at he was pro- a year's imprifonment for any one that vided with every thing necefiary by the took off his iron collar, fo that he muft joint contributions of the community, he be obliged to travel with it on. The was under no obligation to go on any captains acquainted him with all the dif- cruize. Notwithstanding this, Carew was « ficulties he would meet with j but he as active in his ftratagems as ever ; but was far from being difcouraged, and re- he had not long enjoyed this honour, folved to fet out that night, when direc- when he was feized and confined as an ting him what courfe to take, they gave idle vagrant, tried at the quarter feflions, him a pocket compafs to ftter by, a Heel at Exeter, and tranfported to Maryland j and tinder- box, a bag of bifcuirs, a where being arrived, he took the oppor- cheefe and fome rum. After taking an tunity, while the captain of the veflel and affectionate leave of his benefactors, he a perfon who feemed difpofed to buy him, fet out j but he had not travelled far, were drinking a bottle of punch in a pub- G before he began to reflect on his wretch- lick-houfe, to give them the flip, and to ed condition : Alone, unarmed, unac- take with him a pint of brandy and fome quainted with the way, gauled with a bifcuits, and then betake himfelf to the heavy yoke, expofed every moment so woods. jhe moft imminent dangers ; and a dark Jiaving thus eluded styeir fearch, as he 'tempeftuous nigh* approaching, increafed A a 3 hit Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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i88 Immorality of DETRACTION. April Kit terror; his tart were aflanlted by Rogers, lit fet fait for England j end after the yells of the wild beafts j but kind- having prevented his being prefled oft, ling fome flicks, he kept them all night board a man of war, by pricking his hand* at a diftanee, by conftantly Twinging a , and face, and rubbing them with bay among gocd men, never to difclofe the with them. Carew took this Opportunity ' fecrets of private converfation ; a maxim, to dip eut, and going to the river fide, which though it feems to arife from the feized one of their canoes,- and tho' en- breach of. fome other, does yet imply tirely unacquainted with the method of that general rectitude, which is produced managing them, boldly puJhed from more, by a confeioufnefs of virtuous dignity, and and landed near Kcwcaftle in Pen fy I vania. a regard to that reverence which is doe Carew now transformed himfelf into . to ourfelves and others $ for to eonoea} a quaker, and behaved as if he had never any immoral purpofe, which to difclofe is fcen any other fort of people ; and in this Q to difappoint 5 any crime, which to hide manner travelled to Philadelphia, meet- is to countenance ; or any character, ing every where with the kindeft treat- which to avoid is to be t*fo ; as it is in*. snenr, and the moft plentiful fupply ; compatible with virtue, and injurious to from hence he went to New- York, where fociety. can be a law only among thoft, going aboar4 a, yeflfel belonging te cant, w^o are enemies to both- 4 Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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[ A NEW SONG. Sung by ASfs Faikwbr, at Marybon-Gardens. m Daphne on l)er arm reclin'd. Thus exprefs'd her angry mind} See tha aartittlf'r-lfT'iJ. J.mrr couples how they run, Preflin<? all to be undone s Lifted now in tf?l'[itjrfci(i^iJ.rjrij:ij;n/j •ndlefc ftrife, Forth they nTucman and wife. Seas unruffled often fflijiur rij^ai^BS flow j Are theft calms in marriage ?— no. Mbi,\?i v \r jtL Mj-m VMonary fcene and vain, fancied joy, but real pain : *Tis to fight a goodly flbw'r. Bat it changes in an hour* Dian, take me to thy (hade, I with thee will dwell a maid : Deaf to courtier, wit. or beau, When theyfue 1*11 thunder-no. Thus the fair in anger fpoke •Gainft poor Hymen's rugged yoke ; Cupid in the form of youth Swore he'd prove the virgin's truth $ Ev'ry human art he try'd, Knelt, and vow'd, and wept, and figh'd j Muft I fay ! expire in woe ? Daphne figh'd, and whifper*d-no. Poetical Essays in The COMPLA INT of the TR AGICK POETS, adirtjj'td to Dr. You no on bit Tragedy of the Brothers. (See p. 99.) ttTAS this well done, araidft a later To route thy genius, and refume the ftage ? Was |hi* an hero's, or a father's part, Great cjaffick champion of thetragick art? We muft, we will complain. Who now (hall dare The conteft, and afcend the mufe's car, Thy rival in the race ? Secure you ftrain The foaming bit, or loofe the flowing rein $ APRIL, 1753. While we, faint mimicks of your genuine. might, [you to write* Who lifp'd your ftrains, and learnt from. Muft to our great original fubmit, And lay our laurels at our conqu'ror'a feet. Say, Patriarch, fay, whence fprings thif power fublime, (time I This wondVous force, which triumphs over Inferior bards beneath the hand of age Feel their nerves flacken, and unbend their rage; Kntelhu-like, the gauntlet you. refign, And your la^ efforts prove your ftrengdi divine. On Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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19© Ptetical Essays in APRIL, 1753^ Om Captain Wibi*j bavinf a Ship. MAY gentle Thetis be your happy T guide, And yon triumphant on the billows ride ; May (he indulgent rule the paflive main, And you by merit all her gifts obtain : Tbo* founds of war, and fatal difcordt ceafe, Tpeace $ And tranquil nations tafte the fruits of In filent tubes tho' deadly thunders deep, May you maintain the honours of the deep; Bear Britain's banner o'er the liquid plain, And fpread her glory thro' the wide domain, Where triton* with their trumpets found your fame,' And faithlefs nations tremble at your name 5 Undaunted ftill the glorious courfe purfue, Till Thetis owns no other lord but you. F. TAYLOR. Epitaph tn L4» Bab 0 akt . By Mr. K, GO hence inftrucled from this early urn, [mourn j Wife as you weep, and better as you This urn, where titles, fortune, youth repofe, [flows ! Mow vain the fleeting good that life be- learn, age, when now it can no more fup* ply, To quit the burden, and content to die 5 Secure, the truly virtuous never tell, How long the part was afted, but bow well 5 ' [claim, , Youth, ftand eonvicled of each fooliih Each daring wlm of lengthened life and fame, [breath, Thy life a moment, and thy fame a The natural end, oblivion and death 5 Hear then this folemn truth, obey its call, Subraifs adore, for this is mankind's all* jt Prefeription to cure an Asthma. Civ* cnfyVf. R. WoclUn-Drafrr, to C N, Tsjbr, OLD friend, accept of this from me, The following rules without a fee } An afthma is your cafe, I think, So you muft neither eat nor diink, I mean of meat preferv'd in fait, Or any liquor made of malt j From feafon'd fauce avert your eyes, From hams and tongues, and pigeon pies j If ven'fon party's fet before ye, Ealh bit you eat, memento mori. Your nipper nothing, if you pleafe, But above all no toafted cheeft. *Tis likely you will now obferve, What 1 prefcribe will make you ftarve : No— I allow you at a meal, A neck, a loin, or leg of veal x Young turkies I allow you tour, Partridge and pullets half a fcore ; Of houfe lamb boil'd eat quarters twe> - The d— l's in't if tins won't do. Now as to liquor, why indeed. What I advife I fend you, mead. ClaflTes of wine t'extinguUh drought, Take three with water, three without. Let conftant exercifc be try*d, And fometimes walk, and fometimet ride : [hill, Health oft'ner comes from Blackdowa. Than from the apothecary's bill. Be not in haft, nor think to do Your bufmefs with a purge or two. Some, if they are not well at once, Proclaim their do&or for. a dunce $ Aeftlefs from quack to quack they range, When 'tis themfeJves they ought to change: Nature hates violence and force, By method led and gentle courfe ; Rules and reftraint you mull endure, What comes by time, 'tis time mult cure* The ufe of vegetables try, And prize Pomona in a pye ; What e'er you eat put fomething pood in, And worfhip Ceres in a pudding : Young Bacchus1 rites you mult avoid, And Venus muft go unenjoy'd. For breakfaft, it is* my advice. Eat gruel, fago, barley, rice j Take burdock roots, and, by my troth, I'd mingle dairies in my broth. Thus may you laugh, look clear and thrive, Bnrich'd by thole whom you furvive s May dying friends, with one accord, Truth and fincerity reward. /» Epigiam J On a Clergyman* 1 j***f a 'very honefi Shaker for Dues, in the Sft- ritual Court, (when be might have rt cover* ed them in tbefummary ft ay) and bad only the mean Satisfaction of fending tin to Prifon.' FIE dotfor ! where's the Chrifflaft fpirit ? While thus you punifh real merit j Religion, without charity, However fpecious, is a lye : Indulging of revenge (b keen, You lofe the fee, and get the fpleen ! Of two, ftill chufe the lefler evil, To aft reverfe, is, fure, the devil. w\ ANOTHER. SOME cardinals the painter chid, Th* apoftles faces were too red j But he reply'd, tranfgreflbrs ! My art is right, my pencil true, *Tis paft a doubt, they blufti for you I "Who ftile yourfejve.s fycce(Zbnii M Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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Petlical Essays in APRIL, 1753. Art Occapenal Paotocui, intended to have been ffoken by Mr. Woodward; at bit Benefit, in the Gbarscler of the Old Mock- Do&or, /• introduce the New One. TOO Ion;, by dint of drefej and force of face, With all th' hypocrify of grave grimace, Have Pawn's fons attracted vulgar eyes, And made themfelvct confpicuous by dif- guife. [confeious pride But, now, with heart- felt worth and Wc a«r ourfdves — and throw the mafk aflde: Tlte flow funeral folemn foberpace, Turns to the waddle and the Aiding grace; That look, which death denounce* or de- fies, [eyes The gape-diftended mouth, and half- (hut Nolongerpleafe— but in their place are feen The fmiles fo foft, fo Ample, and ferene ! Life's a difeafe we all a while endure, And which moft doctors feldom fail to cure ; [breath, And wou'd you with politenefs lofe your And Aide genreely to the realms of death, The beau pbyfician (lands the firft in place, [grace j And hands you off with elegance and Therefore no more this mockery 1*11 wear, This old compound of face, and cane, and hair ; Diflembling now's a trite and trivial taflc, He's the beft cheat who bravely fcorns the maflc. [tent, Let not the wits miftake our true in- Kor think that fpleen, where only mirth is meant ; .We reverence virtue in the truly good, And honour fcience when 'tis underftood. But if in this refin'd judicious age There are mock- doctors acting off the ftage, [free, We muft be pleafanr, and we muft be And give derifion as their lawful fee ; Whether they wait at opulence's door, Or do they charitably kill the poor— To point them out for ridicule's our plan— [man, Sot (hou'd fufpicion mark feme fmgle X-et that fame doctor in his turn be free, J^nd as a brother actor laugh at me. The following Lines ide fromiUd w our tobth we bad not Roem to infert t> t than. Ott a D of a certain C ge, tobo oh' Jtrved, That Wits are generally great Xools. #-tt-»HRO' the whole race of man we find J| Some ore to others merits blind. J»e^ants, who ftill procuring knowledge, J*.eri£n half a century at college, form philofophical conjecture*, j±a<£ fpend their lives in reading kfluro j 19 1 Call poetry and other arts Unworthy men of (kill and parti. Attomies often play the farce on And fwear a log will make a parfon. Founded on truth this maxim lies, That, what we have not, wedefpife. Amyntor, whofe chief happinefs ConH As in empty talk and drefs. Who thinks it unpolite to look On Hebrew, Greek, or Latin book j Yet Mill in reading makes advances, And criticifes on romances ; To render him a man of fafliion. Fit for the ladies converfation $ With nonfenfe captivates their hearts. And pa/Tes for a man of parts. This fool elate with felf conceit, Rails againft men of fenfe and wit ; Hates all the learning of the fchools, Says, <« wits are generally fools." Yet (till, vain wretch, experience (hews. That wit reigns not 'mongft fools and beaut; This can't remain a {landing rule, Since thou'rt no wit and yet a fool* Academics* God the universal Parent. A Htmjs comfofed noitb a View to tbo Anniversary of the Charity- Schools of London and Weftminfter. HIGH-raisM on heaven's imperia throne, Th* Almighty holds his feat ; Ten thoufand radiant glories buns Around his awful feet : Myriads of mining feraphs glow Before the thund'rer-God ; They wait his aiJ -commanding brow, And catch the flying nod. Nor yet the glories of high heav'a Th* almighty care confine 5 To man, his kind concerns are gtv'o. And earth's remoteft line. Nor boaft the great his partial eye \ The humble cott and cell ; All (hare th' infpection of the flcy, Where proper objects dwell. With rich munificence, he pours His various blefiings round ; While humbler vales confefs the mow'rs, With mare exalted ground. By us, in each expreflive fwell, A thoufand proofs are giv'n 5 Snatch'd, as we are, from death and hel^ And rais'd to life and heav'n. By grateful love inflam'd, we burn, Fir'd by th* expreflive call t And render, Lord, in juft return, Our torj'jcs, our hearts, our aJL J. Rhuddty Vicar of Porte/bam, Dorfet. HotT- Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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19* Ptetual Essays in APRIL, 1753; Holt-Sckooi, Ttmrfdty, March 15, if 5). J. H.frJ.B. Qj5n«jw a^nrst erga PaoxmuM ff N01- MITIPtOS. Owr doty towards our Naieaaoua *ji4 OVKSCLVX8. POST Nnrnen cultum, Bttrrtlk, am- pfeOere deinde Juftitiam : et per teauManqMmr jyra*/£fr* Sed verbis tfttq: mottttrifuge lssdere quon- quam : * *?*•«*« ft*» ***** *Bis ficyfo tameto t « £lupdq\ tibivcBes, alii* prgeftarejhdeto." Hcc eft natur* he optima : quasn oifi ad unguem [cehis, Servants, noil ipfe ovo (mint erode) pla- Poftq; obitum infinite noo aurea (idem adibis. [rem, Alteiios famam vel tonortm tanfcere vet hrvidia, aut /r was given [/ww* .• By nature firft, and then entbrc d from •' Whatever yon would not rrunjhovld do to you f t* Domt to them 5 what you'd have others at « 7V^«r, /*r/trw /» /Aae." Ad thus and reft On earth belov'd, in *W* for ever bfeft. Injure none then in body, name, eftatt, ' Prompted by paflkm, avarice, or hate t But if, young friend, yon find a poor good man, By the fame law aflift him all you can ; Yea more, for felPs fake, e'en the bad aflift, f That they may n't you annoy, or left rtfift. In Ihort, forfake not juflicc, though yott uon'd, [good 1 , Thro* int'rifl, love or hate, inefinf from For thefe three often human reafion blind, And from ftridr. honour warp the partial mind. God's attributes compare with thy frail fate. And Jhun temptations of your prefent ftate. Laftly, curb pleafurt ! Since vain pkafarcs bring Great sorrows oft, and always leave a fling. 7o Mr. R. Dyke, •* bit Poem, entitled, Tha Carnation, to Afr/s Pilham. LOHO had the rofe, in vernal bloom array'd, Been haH'd as queen, in vfry fylva* made ; [nights. Improved the fprighly bowl on feftal And crowned the brighteft wreaths in fo- lemn rites : Till thy carnation, 'mtfft furronndinf mows, In the gay fplendor of the rainbow rofe s UnblefsM by Sol, mot forth its beauteous head, [fpread j And fweets ambrofial round the Vardea Andnowembofom'd by a matchleufair, Shall vie in fame with Berenice's hair. J. L— K-Sf. Epigiam 011 Lord BoiiNOinott's Letters and the Anfwcrs. WHEN Bolingbroke on bidory I read, Bf (kj]c fo dear and elegant mifled, The deep leara'd page as innocent I thought, Nor deem'd againft one fcripture truth he wrote : , [pen But pious Hervey's, Clayton's wondrous Convince that errors dwell in wifeft men; Each gofpel miracle like noon-day (hinos, E'en Mofes cock frefli guihes in your Bleft age ! ftieh watchful mepherds to be* hold, [chriftian fold ! Who feeds God's flock, nor fleece their Then* arguments fo candid, modeft, plain, I ne'er can tafte lord Bolingbroke again. EucsNie* A REBUS. A TRADING town in England, not the leaf), By way of myftick rebus may be gnefl ; Invert the three firfl letters, and you'll lean, The nickname of a fam'd republican ; The other three read forward, they'll afford A foreign title, which we conftrue lord, THE Digitized kjy VjOOQ IC

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THE Monthly Chronologer. THE body of Mr. William Maude, mentioned p. 147, has been fince found, and the coroner's inqueft gave their ver- dict, Wilful murder by perfons totliem unknown. On March 30, was held a chapter of the moA antient order of the thiftle, when the Rt. Hon. John earl of Rothes, and William lord de Brooke were elected knights companions of that order. One Hewifti, condemned at Exeter af- £ze$ for poifoning his father, was execu- ted on March 31, according to the late act of parliament. He had been tried in 175I> *°r the murder of his mother, and acquitted. At the gallows he denied the poifomng of his father, but acknowledg- ed he deferved death for his barbarous uiage to his mother, whom he had fevo- rai times beat in a cruel manner. Mifs Dorothy Smith was tried at War- wick aifizes upon an indictment for poi- foning her aunt, Mrs. Dorothy Martin, relict of the Rev. Mr. Martin, of Curd- worth near Colemill. Mr. ferj. Willes, Mr. White, and Mr. Peake, were coun- sel on behalf of the crown 5 and the pri- soner pleading not guilty, flie was defend- ed by Mr. Caidecut, Mr. Hewit, and Mr. Geaft. The gentlemen who opened the body were examined, and it was their opinion that, by the appearance of her /tomacb and bowels, /he died of poifon. Many other evidences were examined j but no proof could be given of the admi- nistration of the poifon j and a point of law arifing, whether the girl that bought £t, who was under nine years of age, could be admitted an evidence, which was learnedly debated for above two hours, it was determined in the negative 5 and many perfons of reputation appear- ing to tefUfy for the prifouer's good beha- viour towards her aunt from her infancy, Ihe was acquitted. It is faid that 70,0001. will be raifed by way of lottery, ao,oool. of which is to be applied to the purchafe of Sir Hans Sloane's cur jo ft tics $ 10,000 for the va- luable collection of manufcripts of the late lord Oxford ; the remaining 40,000, .together with 7000 bequeathed feme Ciroe fince towards rebuilding the Cotto- nian library, to be laid out in erecliRg a pxiblick building, which is ro ferve as a .re^ofitqry for the above- mentioned, and for the payment of the friaries of proper ££prlbns to take care of them. Swnpay, April 1. There was a grand drawing room at April, 1753. St. James's, where the nobility and gen- try were very numerous, when, "tis faid, his majefty was pleafed to give the Title of duke of Cornwall to his royal high- nefs the prince of Wales, which has been vacant ever fince the death of the late prince. Thursday, 5. The lord bifhop of Clcgher prefeoted to the fociety of Antiquaries, a tranflatioa of a Journal to mount Sinai, made ia the year 172a, by the prefetto of Egypt, with his own curious and learned obser- vations,' dedicated to the fociety : And thanks were ordered to be returned to Jus lordJhip foY the great regard fliewn to them, as well as for his learned la- bours. (See p. j 5 5.) After a fermon preached by the Hon. and Rt. Rev. the lord bimop of St. Afaph at Whitechape) church, the governors of the London-hofpital proceeded to fee the foundation already laid of the hofpital in Whitechapel road, and from thence went in a grand proceffion of coaches to Mer- chant-Taylors hall, where a collection was made, including that at the church, amounting to 1525I. 19s. 6d. Saturday, 7. William Hurley was executed at Croy- don for the murder of Jofhua Newton in St. George's fields, in April la ft. He had been drinking with Newton for (bme hours, till he was fuddled, then invited him to lie with htm at his lodgings, and in the way thither knocked him down with a large hedge flake, afterwards beat and cut him in a moft terrible manner, and then robbed him. After his convic- tion he contorted the fact, another mur- der, and many robberies. At Croydon affixes jo other perfons re#- ceived fentence of death, viz. Robert Hay and John Brown, for flieep-rtcalingi Jofcph Davis snd Swaine Luenberg, for returning from tranfportation ; Henry Tomkins, for Healing a watch ; John Sturmey, John Grove, Philip Turner, John Whiflcn and Thomas M-Sheene, lor the highway. Monday, 9. As y.r. John Head, a baker and far- mer of Hil;>erron, near Trowbridge, and his fon (a very prorogate young man) were at work in a r-tld together, fome woois arofe ; vhen t'.e (on lei I on his fa- -ther, and bee: him in a moft cruel man- ner, and, it is thought would have mur- dered him, had not his father's cries been beaid by Mr. Ferris in the next field, who '.vciit to his ailiftance, when the Ton ran away and leaped into a quarry about B b f»

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i94 ft* MONTHLY CHRONOLOGER. April 60 yards off, in which were 11 feet water; bat as neither his father nor Mr. Ferris could fwim, tho* they both ventured up to their arm pits, he was drowned. WEDNESDAY, IX. Alexander Sheafe, Efq; having been elected governor, and Charles Palmer, Efq; deputy- governor of the Bank of England, the following gentlemen were on this day chofen directors, viz. Bryan Benfon, Stamp Brookfbank, Matthew Beachcrofr, Merrick Burrell, Bartholo- mew Burton, Richard Chifwell, J. Eaton Dodfworth, William Hunt, Benjamin Lethieulier, Benjamin Longuet, Charles Savage, Theophilus Salwey, James Spil- man, John South, James Theobald, Thomas Whately, Charles Boehm, Mat- thew Clarmont, Efqrs. * Samuel Fludyer, Efq; and alderman, Samuel Handley, Robert Mar(h, Richard Stratton, * John Sargent, and Harry Thompfon, Efqrs. Thofe marked # were not in the direction before. The fame day came on the election for dire/tors of the Ealt-India company, when the following gentlemen were chofen, viz. • William Barwell, William Braund, Robert Bootle, • Hen. Crabb Boulton, * John Boyd, Chriftopher Bur- row, Richard Chauncy, * Roger Drake, Peter Du Cane, * Zach. Phil. Fonnerau, Michael Impey, Stephen Law, William Mabbott, * Nathaniel Newnham, jun. Henry Plant, Thomas Phipps, • William Rider, Thomas Rous, Whichcott Turner, Timothy Tullie, • Thomas Walpole, • William Wilberforce, jun. William Willy, and James Winter, Efqrs. Note, Thofe marked with * are new-ones. Thursday, 12. The governors of St. Luke's hofpitat for lunaticks, had their annual dinner at Grocers- hall t At which were prefent the Rt. Hon. the earl of Cardigan, presi- dent ; his grace the archbifhop of Canter- bury, the Rt. Hon. the carl of Hertford, the Rt. Rev. the lord bifhops of Worces- ter and Norwich, feveral of the court of aldermen, and many other perfons of dlfl- tin&ion 5 when the collection for the charity amounted to 1000L 7s. 6d. Friday, 13. Anne Williams for poifoning her huf- band, Walter Crabb for dealing upwards of 40I. and William Weobly for flieep- fteating, were executed at Gloucefter. The two men behaved with great com- pofure, both after fentence and at the place of execution ; but Anne Williams, who was burnt at the ftake, protefted her innocence of the faet for which /he fuflfer- cd with a behaviour quite unbecoming. Monday, 16. The execution of Mary Squires the gypfy having beeji refptted lor fix weeks, the fix other malefactor! condemned the? lad fefflons at the Old. Bailey, viz. four men and two women, were- this day ex- ecuted at Tyburn. They behaved very penitent, and all but M'Manning acknow- ledged the juftice of their fentence $ but he faid he was not the perfon who com- mitted the robbery. (See p,. 92.) Divine fervice was performed in the> chapel at the Foundling- hofpital for the firft time, when the Rt. Rev. the lord bilhop of Worcefter preached a fermon on the importance and uiefulnefs of that great charity, instituted for the preferva- tion of deferted infants, and the making them become profitable to the publick \ and TV Dcum> with an anthem peculiar to the occafion, compofed by George Fre- derick Handel, Efq; that great benefactor to this charity, and alfo the coronation anthem, were vocally and mftrumentally performed. Dr. Cameron, brother of Lochiel, who was feized in Scotland two or three days after his return from France, was thtt evening brought to the Tower in a coach under a ftrong guard of dragoons. The next day he underwent a long examina- tion before the council at the Cockpit, after which he was fent back to the Tower. Tuesday, 17. His majefty went to the noufe of peers, and gave the royal aflent to, An ad to ex- plain, amend, and render more effectual, an act for the encouragement of the Bri- tish white herring fiihery, and for regulat- ing the faid fifhery according to the calen- dar now in ufe, and for other pUrpofes therein mentioned : An act to oblige fhipe 'more effectually to perform their quaran- tine, and for the better preventing the plague being brought from foreign parts into Great-Britain or Ireland, or theiflet of Guernfey, Jerfey, Alderney, Sark, or Man : An act for opening the port of Exeter, for the importation of woo], and woollen yarn, from Ireland : An act for permitting the exportation of wool and. woollen or bay yarn from any port in Ire- land, to any port in Great-Britain : To two bills for repairing and improviug har- bours : To acts for building a new church at Manchefter ; a chapel at Portfea, in the county of Southampton ; for enlarg- ing Paddington church-yard j purchafing a prifon in the county of Devon ; for the recovery of fmall debts in the parilhes of Bofton Skirbeck in Lincoln (hire ; to %% road bills \ and to 11 private bills. Wednesday, 18. A fermon was preached in the chapel of the French hofpital in Old-ftreet road, r fef Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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1753- MARRIAGES, DEATHS, &c, fot the benefit of that charity, wherein 225 poor perfons are maintained ; where the audience were very numerous, and the colle&ion on that account amounted to upward* of 1250I. Thursday, 19. Five of the xo malefa&ors condemned at Croydon afBzes were this morning ex- ecuted on Kenoington common, viz. Joieph Davis for returning from transpor- tation \ John Sturmey, John Grove, John Whiffen, and Thomas M'Sheene, for rob* beries on the highway. Thursday, 26. The birth-day of his royal highneis the stake of Cumberland was celebrated, who then entered into the 33d year of his age. • The indemnification claimed by M. Peyrac, owner of the French merchant- man the Phoenix, condemned at St. Chri- ftopher7* in 1743, has occasioned a me- morial to be presented to the fecretary of ftate by the marquis de Mirepoix, the French ambaffador, in confequence of one prefented to him by the faid M. Peyrac ; the conclufion of which mews the ftate of his cafe, as follows : ** The fentence of the, lords commiffi- oners for appeals, on trie 18th of Jan. laft, allows him reftitotion of the (hip and cargo, or the real value t This value being that which the plaintiff legally no- tified to the captors at St. Christopher's, amounts to 10,41 xl. and not what it was fetded at by an irregular and onufual efti- mation, made without his knowledge or participation, and againft which he en- tered a protefl as fbon as he knew of it. The plaintiff could obtain ho farther re- lief from their lordftiips. But the cofts, damages, and intereft, which he claimed In 1743, ,fu* aP"n in 2744> aml on ercff occasion fince that time, particularly when his appeal was judged, having been pair- ed over in filence, the plaintiff thinks himfelf entitled to demand a decifion concerning thofe articles, which are be- come even more considerable than the capital/* Marriagxb and Births. March 22. f> IOROE Greene, of VJT Stoke-Newington, Efq; to Mrs. Butts, widow of the late Dr. Butts, bifhop of "Ely. 25* Charles Lambome, Efq; of a con- fiderable fortune in the Weft- Indies, to Mifs Anne Harvey, of Fenqhurch-ftreet. Capt. Hughes, to Mrs. Peters, widow of the late Dr. Peters, an eminent phy- sician. 31. George Dewar, Efq; to lady Ca- roline Bertie, filler to bis grace the duke of Ancafler. Mr. Collins, an attorney near Wor- 195 cefter, to Mifs Peggy Afton, youngeft daughter of the late Sir Thomas Alton, of Afton, in Chefhire, Bart, a 14,000!. fortune. April 2. Capt. Bradley, to Mifs Addis, of Berkeley-fquare. Capt. Dormer Watfon, to Mils Powney, daughter of brigadier Powney. 13. John Cooper, Efq; of Edinburgh, to Mifs Poore, eldefl daughter of Edward Poore, Efq; uf the Clofe, Sarum. ic. William Anne Venables Vernon, of Staffordmire, Efq; to Mifs Augufta Heathcote, of Harrow, a 30,000]. for- tune. 18. Thomas Bray, Efq; of Dorfetfhire, to Mifs Elizabeth Burton, of Edmonton. 2a. Robert Drummond, Efq; partner with Mr. Drummond and fon, bankers, at Cliaring-Croft, to Mifs Thompfon, of Leicefter-nelds. Rev. Dr. Pickering, reftor of St. Se- pulchre's, to Mifs Elizabeth Sclater, filler of Mr. deputy Sclater, of Newgate- ftreeu 24. Hildebrand Oakes, Efq; of the royal Welch fufrieers, to Mifs Cornclifon, of Upper Orofvenor-ftreet, a niece of Sir Richard Hoare. Mr. Webb, jun. an eminent furgeon* to Mifs Coppinger. April 7. The lady of Charles Lewis Montolien, fon to the baron St. Hip polite, general of his majefty's forces, delivered of a fon and heir. The lady of the Hon. James Annefley, Efq; of a daughter. The lady of the Hon. capt. MontiJla, of a fen. 13. The lady of Edward Sawbright, E(q; of a fon and heir. 14. The lady of the Hon. and Rev. Dr. Egerton, dean of Hereford, of a fon. j 8. Rt. Hon. lady Ferrers, only daugh- ter of the earl of Northampton, and con- fort of the Hon. George TownJhend, Efiij of a fon and heir. 23. The lady of Peter Legh, Efq; of a daughter. Pzaths. March 18.13 T> Hon' Rachcl Paunce- £\. ford, countef* dowager fenior of Kincardine. 26. Hon. William Duff, Efq; eldeft fon of lord B^acco, a Scotch peer. 30. The lady of Sir Evelin Alflon, Bart. Sir William Cann, Bart, town- clerk of Briftol. 31. Hon. Thomas Howard, Efq; lieut. gen. of his majefty's forces, and gover- nor of Berwick upon Tweed ; a brave and experienced officer. Apiil 8. Monf. Zamborni, refidenthere from the lan/dgrave of Hcfle Darmftat. B b a Rev, Digitized by V7OOQ IC

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196 DEATHS, PROMOTIONS, &c. April Rev. Mr. Rootsj who had been rector of Little Brrklumdead in Hertford/hire above 40 years. Lady Henrietta fepfon, relief of Sir Ambrofe Jepfon, Km. 0. Hon. lady Mary Crighton, aunt to the earl of Dumfries. 11. William Whitaker, Efy; in the Soth year of his age, an attorney, and one of ttie common-council-men of Broad - ftreet ward. 12. Lady Cayley, relict of Sir Arthurt Cayley, of Brompton in Yorkshire, Bart.' 14. William Horfmanden Turner, Efqj, member of parliament for MaidAone. 17. Mr. Edmund Tobin, formerly in the Eait-India company's fervice : He had been confined to his chamber near 13 years with the gout. Rt. Hon. the countefs dowager of Tn- chequin. 19* Mr. Reynolds, who for many years was clerk to the court of Requeft at Guildhall. 20. Thomas B.ograve, Efq; at Bad- flow in Eflex, maity years in tnecommif- /ion of the peace for that county. 22. Thomas. Sandford, Efqj treafurer 6f St. Bartholomew's hofpital. 23. Rev. Mr. Dennis Payne, rector ot haribury in Worccfterfhire, and one of the pre!>endarics of Sarum. Jofeph Andrews, E(q; deputy pay- mafter of the army. * Rev. Dr. Richard Newton, principal and founder of Hartford college, and ca- tion of ChrifV Church, in Oxford. Ecclesiastical PairtRMiNTt* MR. Fowkes, chofen lecturer of Sf. Mary Aldermary, in the room of Mr. Berriman, whorefigned.— Mr. Whit- tington, prefented to the rectory of Or- foid in Suffolk. — Mr. Warburton, by the lord chancellor, to a prebend in the ca- thedral church of Gloucefter. — Mr. Mite*- *houfe, by the'Hdn. Matthew' Lamb, Efqj to the rectory of Wilford in Liricolnmire. —Dr. Blackett, to the living of Stoke- Damerell, near Plymouth.— Mr. Knowl- ton, by the earl of Burlington, to the rectory of KeigJUey, in the Weft- Riding of Yorkshire* - Mr, Addifon, to the living Of Workington, in Cumberland, by the 'prefent high-(heriff of that county.— Ben- jamin Holloway. M. A. to the rectory of 'Ardley, otherwife Vardley, in Oxford- shire.— Mr. Mafon, by the bimop of Nor- wich, to a canonry in that cathedral.— Robert Watfon, M. A. by the earl of Winchclfea and Nottingham, to the rec- tory of Foulnefs, in Eflex.— Mr. Charles Vefmen, by the bi/hop of Chc.ter, to the Vicarage of Dunnon, in Lancashire.— Mr. Monfon, by lowl Monfon, to the rectory of Wefterby, In Kent. — Mr. Ca(berg> chofen lecturer of St. George the Martyr, in Southwark. — Mr. Hyde, prefented by lord Clarendon, to the rectory of Shrmp- ford, in Kent.— "Mr. Keate. by the earl df Salifbury, to the living of Ultle-Berkham- ftead, in Hertfordfhire. Piowotioks Civil and Military. From the London GazItti. WHITEHALL, April 17. The king has jbeen pleafed to constitute and appoint Edward Afllcy, henry Talbot, Thtmas Sutton and lofhua Churchill, Efqrs. together with John Milbank, Efqj in the room of John Vere, Efq; to be harnajefty'scomrniffioners for the receipt and management of the duties on fait* From the other P a f X a s. Henry Watfon powell, Efq; made lieutenant in. col.^ Murray's reg. of foot in Ireland.— Edward Poore, Efq; mem- ber of parliament foe New Sarum, made one of the Welch judges, iri the room of the Hon.. John Trevor, Efqj now lord Trevor. He was re-elected lor the faid city— Mr. John French, of the Middle Temple, made. Filacer for Devon, in the room of Jofeph Dobbins, Efqj deceafed« —William Anne Stephen/on, of Oxford - {hire, Efq; had the honour of knighthood conferred on him by his majefly.— Henry Drake, Efq; made one of the gentlemen of his roaje&y's chamber. — Richard Hal- combe, Efqj made a captain in col. Ir- win's reg» of toot: and John Mather^ Efq; a iieut. in the lame reg. in his room, —Henry Wood, E/q; made a captain in col. WooJfe's reg. of foot. — James Glaa- yUle, Efq* a captain in the reg. of dragoon fuards, .received the honour of knighu ood.— John Pullen, Efq; macje cliiff juftice of Carmarthen, Pembroke&irc. Cardigan, and town of Haverfoi&weft, f_lfaac Williams, Eiq; made a cornet, and William Marie, E£q; a captain in (he queen1 s reg. of dragoons.— William Shirley, Efq; late governor of New- Eng- land, made governor of New- York.— Tames Mcdlicott, Efq; of Bait C range, to Lincoinfhire, knighted. — Edward Fre- derick Maurice, Efq; made a captain in col. Herbert's regiment.— WiHiam Ann* Fairchild, Efq; mac\e a major, and Merril Wilkins, Eft|t a captain, in gen. Handa- syd's reg* of foot- New Memxiks. Woodftock, Anthony Keck, Efq* in the room of the Hon. John Trevor, Kfiy now a peer. Maidftone, Gabriel Hanger, Efq;—- » Wm. Horfmanden Turner, Efq; deceafed. [Bankrupt in «r «*r. J X-iitCtttjmH Digitized by VjOOQ iC

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FOREIGN AFFAIRS, 1755. tmh&n trait of a letter from Berlin, Later from the King to M. Voltaire, iaui. March 16, 1753. It was needlefs to take a pretext from the occaftoR, which, you fay, you have to drink the waters of Plombieres, in or- der to demand your difmiffion. You may quit my fervice whenever you think fit ; but before you depart, return 'me the con- tract of your engagement, the key, the crofs, and the volume of poems which I have entrufted you with. I could wi/h that my works only had been expo fed to your reflections and thofe of Koenig. I freely abandon them to thofe who imagine they enhance their reputation by lefTening other mens. * I have neither the folly nor the vanity of certain authors. The cabals of men of letters are, in my opinion, the difgrace of literature : however, it does not JeflTen my eileem for all honeft culti- vators of learning : The chiefs of the cabals are the onjy perfens that are vile in my light. Whereupon I«pray God to take you into his licly keeping, ice. Drv:- Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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198 The Monthly Catalogue for March* 1753* DivtmtY and ContaovzisY. I. * NIMADVERSIONS upon a c\ Paper, entitled, a Letter from a Clergyman, to his Friend at Deal, pr. is. Meadows. 2. The Preacher's Affiftant. By S. Letfome, M. A. ^r. 7s. fewed. Birt. j. The Family Expofitor, Vol. 3. By F. Doddridge, D. D. pr. 13s. 4. An Eflfay on the Mofaick Account of the Creation, pr. is. Bouquet. 5. The Proteftant Englishman guarded againft the Arts of Romifli Priefts. By t. White, B. D. pr. 4a. Davis. 6. Remarks on the Conduft of Jofliua Cowards the Canaanites, pr. 6d. Bald- win. 7. An Anfwer to an Euay on Spirit* By T. Knowles, M. A. pr. is. 6d. Ba- thud*. 8. An effectual Demonftration of the Trinity. By J. Kirkby, pr. is. Cooper, 9. A Diflertation on 2 Peter i* 19* pr* 6d. Bladon. History and Physic*:. to. An Hiftorical Account of the Bri- tifh Trade over the Cafpian Sea ; with the Author's Journal of Travels from England thro' Ruflia into Perfia, and back thro* Ruflia, Germany and Holland \ with 39 Copper-Plates, in 4 Vols. 4to. By J. Hanway, pr. 30s. in boards. Dodf- ley. (See p. 102, 103, i%i.) 11. The Hiftory of Corpus Chrifti Col- lege in Cambridge. By R. Matters, B. D. In 4to. pr. ics. fewed. Beecroft. Dod. 12. A Medical Diflertation concerning the Effects of the Paflions on Human Bo- dies. By W. Clark, M. D. pr. is. Coo- per. 13. The Hiftory of the University of Cambridge, from its Original, to the Year 1753. By E. Carter, pr. 5s. L. Davis. 14. The Hiftory of Maurice Count Saxe. % Vols. pr. 6s. Oiborne. Miscellaneous. ic. An Examination of the Rev. Mr. Jackfon*s Chronological Antiquities. By the Rev. J. Kennedy, pr. is. 6d. L. Davis. 16. The Cafe of J. A(h!ey, in Relation to the Jews in general, and Simons in particular, pr. 6d. Author. 17. A Scheme for putting a final Stop to the Diftemper among the Cattle, pr. €d. Cooper. 18. A Review of the Manufacturers Complaints againft the Wool Growers, pr. is. Knapton. 19. The preftnt State of the Stage, in Great-Britain and Ireland, pr. n» Coo* frcr. 20. An Inftitute of the Laws of Scot* land, Vol. 3. and laft, in Folio, fey A* M'Douall, Efej pr. 27s. Millar. 11. Propofals for theeafy and efiec* tual Amendment of the Roads, pr. is* C. Davis. 22. A Fair, Candid, and Impartial State of the Cafe, between Sir Jfaac New- ton and Mr. Hutcliinfon. By G. Home, M* A. pr. is. 6d. Baldwin. (See p. 119* 180.) 23. Rejections on various Subjects re- lating to Arts and Commerce, pr. it* Woodtall. 24. Remarks on the Laws relating to the Game, pr. 6d. Swan. 25. An Addrefs to the Freeholders of the County of Oxford, pr. 4d. Bouquetj 26. A genuine Account of the Transac- tions in the Eait-Indies, fmce the Death of the late Nabob of Arcot, who was killed in July, 1749, pr. 6d. Baldwin. (See p. 130.) 27. Memoirs of the Life of Robert Devereux, Earl of Eftex, pr. is. Cooper. 28. The Spirit of Nations. Translated from the French, 8vo. pr. 5s. Baldwin. (See p. 176.) 29. Genuine Memoirs of Capt. Cran- ftoun, pr. 6d. Cooper. 30. Capt. Cranftoua*s Account of the ' potfoning of the late Mr. Blandy, pr. 6d. Richards. 31. A View of the Rife, &c. of the Woollen Manufacture In England, p. is. Owen. 32. Remarks on two Bills for the bet- ter Maintenance of the Poor. By T. Al- cock, A. M. pr. 6d. Baldwin. (See p. i»lO 33. Obfervations on W. Taylor, reftor- ed to Sight by Mr. Taylor, pr. 6d. E. Owen. 34. A clear State of the Cafe of B. Canning. By H. Fielding, pr. is. Mil* lar. (See p. 142.) 35. A brief Account of the Vaudois, pr. 6d. Cooper. 36. A Series of Political Maxims, illuf- trated by General Hiftory, pr. as. 6d. WUfen. 37. The Dogs Plea, pr. 6d. Griffiths. 38. The Oxford Conteft, pr. is. 39. A Compleat EnglUh Expofitor, pr* 3s. Newbery. 40. The Hiftory of the Dublin Electi- on in 1749, pr. 4s. 6d. Swan. 41. Some Confiderations on the Game Laws, pr. 6d. Dod. 42. An Impartial Enquiry into the Cafe of Mifi Blandy, pr. 6d. Manby. 43. The Advantages of a free and open Trade, between Ireland and the Southern Coaft of England, pr, 6d. Dod. 44.T** Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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the Monthly Catalogue for March, 1753J 199 44. The Groans of Great-Britain, pr. It. 6d. Owen. 45. A Scheme for making a navigable Communication between the Rivers Trent and Severn. By Dr. T. Congrevc, pr. 6d. Shuckburgh. 46. A Letter concerning the Difputes between the Fellows and Licentiates of the College of Phyficians, pr. 6d. Millar. 47. A general and rational Grammar, pr. is. Nourfe. 48. The State of the Corn Trade, con- sidered, pr. 6d. Birt. 49. A Diftertation on the Number of Mankind, in antient and modem Times. By R. Wallace, pr. 4s. 6d.. Wilfon. 50. A Collection of Letters and Papers of great Perfonages. By L. Howard, D. D. Withers. 51. Letters to a young Gentleman, re- lating to his Conduit in the World. By L. Vane, pr. 38. Owen. 52. Letters from feveral Parts of Eu- rope and the Eaft, in 1 Vols. pr. 10s. Ward. (See p. 177.) PozTar snd Entiitainment. 53. • The whole J)uty of Woman, a new Edition, pr. is. bound. Baldwin. (See p. 56.) 54. A Vifion, pr. 6d. Cooper. 55. Mifcellaneous Odes, pr. is. Reeve. 56. A Tranflation of the Abbe Per- letti's Letters, pr. 3s. Griffiths. 57. An Epiftle to the Rev. Dr. Young, pr. 6d. Bouquet. 58. An Eflay on Deifm, pr. 6d. Owen. 59. Odes of Pindar, with feveral other Pieces in Profe and Verfe, 2 Vols. 12 mo. By G. Wert, Efq; pr. 6s. Dodfley. 60. Alfred the Great : A Tragedy, pr. is. Mechell. * 6 j. The Hiftory of Fanny Seymour, pr. 3s. Bathoe. 62. The Rehearfal ; or, Bays in Petti- coats : A Comedy, in two Ads. By Mrs. Give, pr. is. Cooper. 63* An Ode to the moft unpopular Man living, pr. 6d. 64. De facra Poefi Hebrstorum, prekc- tioncs Academic* Oxonii habit*. A Ro- berto Lowtb, A. M. 4to. pr. 12s. fewed. Millar. 65. The fecret Hiftory of the Britiih and other Foreigners, at the late Jubilee at Rome, pr. is. River. 66. The Thought : A Poem, pr. 6d. Robinfon. 67. The Earl of Eflex : A Tragedy. By H. Jones, pr. is. 6d. Dodfley. (bee p. 121.) 68. The Brothers i A Tragedy, pr. is, 6d. Dodfley. (See p. 99.} 69. The Story on which the Tragedy of the Brothers, is founded, pr. 6d. Reeve. 70. A Love Epiftle, pr. is. Owen. 71. A Panegerick on the Wits of the Town, pr. is. Owen. 72. The Hiftory of Sophia Shakefpear, pr. 3s. Reeve. 73. The fatal Extravagance : A Tra- gedy of one Ac*. By A. Hill, Efqj pr, 6d. Brooke. 74. Eliaa to Comus. By C. A. Lea, Efqj pr. 6d. Bouquet. 75. * The Works of Michael Drayton, 4 Vols. pr. 208. Reeve. 76. The Hiftory of Perfeus and Deme- trius, the fons of Philip King of Mace- don, pr. 6d. Watts. 77. An Eflay on the Art of ingenioufly Tormenting, pr. 3s. 6d. Millar. 78. .The Travels of Monfieur le Poft Chaife, pr. is. Swan. 79. Precepts : A Poem, 4to. pr. as. 64. So. The Loves of Hero and Leander. By J. Slade, pr. is. Owen. Sermons. Si. A Sermon at the Temple Church, Jan. jo, 1753. By J. Free, D. D. pr. 6d. Rivington. 82. A Sermon at the ConJecration of the Biftiop of Gloucefter, Dec. 10, 1752. By W. Markham, D. C. L. pr. 6d. Riv- ington. 83. A Sermon preached at the opening of the new Chapel in Wakefield. By J. Walker, M. A. pr. 6d. Griffiths. 84. The falfe Accufers : A Sermon, pr. 6d. Cooper. 85. Sermons on feveral Subjects. By V. Nelfon, M. A. pr. 5s. Longman. 86. A Sermon on the Rife, Progrefs, Corruption and Declenfion of the Christi- an Religion, pr. is. Bourn. 87. A Sermon before the Univerfity of Oxford, January 30, 1753. By T. Fo- thergill, M. A. pr. 6d. Rivington. 88. A Sermon in Crifpin-Street. By S. Pike, pr. 6d. Ofwald. 89. A mort Parallel between the Peo- ple of Ifrael and the People of England. By B. Regis, D. D. pr. 4d. Oliver. 90. The Glory of the Church in the latter Day. By J. Gill, D. D. pr. 6d. Keith. 91. The Parable of the Vineyard, in a Sermon preached at St. Anne's Weftmin- fter. By M. Merrick, L L. B. pr. is. Rivington. 92. A Sermon before the Governors of the Worcefter Infirmary, Auguft 19, 1752- By J. Waugh, L JL. D. pr. 6d. Saiidby. Paicis Digitized by VjOOQ iC

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Price pf corn S.-&: •£cw o *© 2»va O - #* •* « M « W M •» O "St**?-? %ft M M ft £ 85505 M * H • R* SS05I «* - - « ? s O o o 3 T» « «* ^ n © © O O ±9 ft-u. 0 OOOOOO OOOOOO O O O O p p 4> 4» 4* *> •£ £ 0 O en en «■*- O O p O p p 4* 4>. > 4* -£ 4* •♦IHO O * T3 ■ w 3" cc o ooppop 000000 000000 oooopp ^m *^ in en un 4*. 4> 4* 4* 4» 4» 4> 4> 4* 4* £ 4» 4*. 4* 4*. 4* 4* 4, 4* 4* 4* 4* £J J* 000000000 3 r^ 2 r ^4 v|vj"0^j^»sj ^n) «* w* •» m m m m w W »» w» W 3 0 ^^^ «• «>«*(*«>b«oi m « « 01 m ti «» o» «) 4Mn)v4M MMsJ>4i^U» UtWiW»V«lrtVn " ^* _C^ 0\0 0>»0\Q> Q\ OX Q\ O O^ OOOOO O JP**F CA 2:.^, ^. W- ttjv BTPS-C. « ggPfE' o S. s. a. 5- » i> o s. r S fiT 5, ^ -n - ->5-3 3 g-i I n=! 5- 3 =r|8 g-g fs 2 iaS-g-a 3-|| « - ^ 00 g^3 3 2 3. ^3 J Buried ill, m 1 I? oo oo4fc o vi OO ft! a* o- r o. eo^j ©vtn ^b> » OOOOOOOC 3 5 5 C 3 3 3 : o. 0.0. a. a a-o-f 1 11 1 1 1 11 l 1 o W *> ~ 00 »ww\C4k -2? » ! 1 1 » N 2 ^ ^ ov e. > 3 1/4 O COOOM o» ~ 1 5^ : O o* :W

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Speech on the Occa/ion. XII. Tranflation of Lord Stair's Letter to Mr. Craggs, concerning the late Lord Bolingbroke. XI1L Account of the Drefden Chrna. Deaths j Bankrupts. XXIV. Prices of*Stocks for each Day, XXV. Monthly Bill of Mortality. XXVI. Foreign Affairs. XXVII. Catalogue of Books. With a New and Accurate Map of WORCESTERSHIRE, and a Reprefentation of cruel Executions in Ruflia and Perfia, engraved on Copper. M U LT U M IN P A R V 0. ' "* LONDON : Printed for R. Baldwin, jun. at the Rofe in Pater,NoNer-Row. Of whom may b« had, compleat Sets from the Beginning to this Time, neatly Bound, or StitcrTd, or any Angle Month to compleat Sets. Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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CONTENT S. AUTHENTICK htftory of Kouii Khan, the famous Perftan u fur per 103 — 206 The mayor of Norwich* s expences for a publick dinner, in 156 1 , 206 A remarkable fpCech on that occafion ibid. F. A computation of the number of inhabi- tants within the Bills of mottality, from 1 70 1 to 1752, and the incrcafe and decreafe in the intervals considered 207 A defcription of Worcefterfhire 207, 208 Abftract of lord Bolingbroke's letter to Sir William Windham, written in 1717 209—218 His account of the Tory and Whig parties 209 He blames the conduit of the earl of Ox- ford 210 Of the (late of affairs about the time of the late king's acceffion ibid. His account of hknfelf after his flying from England ibid. D. How he came to embark in the caufe of the pretender, and his proceedings thereupon 211, &c. His character of the duke of Orleans, the regent of France 213 His interview with the pretender, after the latter* s return from Scotland 2 14 D. His converfation with the earl of Stair, about reverting his attainder 215, 116 His character of the pretender, and ac- count of his religion 216 Abfurdity of having a popifh prince to govern a protfftant people 217 Considerations on trade and taxes 2 1 8 An ingenious letter from the paper called the World, (hewing the great abfurdity and folly of Englifh families going to France 219 — 222 Ridiculous French famions 22 1 Properties of the Bolonian ftone, and a phofphorus made out of it 222, Arc. A new kind of reverberatory furnace 223 Experiments with the Bolonian ftone 224 A further defence of Mr. Whifton*s cha- racter, in two letters 225, 226 Tranflation of lord Stair's letter to Mr. Craggs, concerning the late lord Bo- lingbroke 227 Account of Mr. Foote's new comedy, intitled, The EngliJhman in Paris 228 A prodigious feaft made by an archbifhop of York 230 A curious account of the Drefden china ib. Mr. Btaway's account of the Votgi mfl Cafpian pirates 232 Terrible manner of executing them 233 'Cruelties exercifed on the rebels in Perns ibid. * Extracts from Mr. WhitefieWs exptftu- latory letter to count Zinzendorf, the head of the Moravians 233, 234 Poetry. A new fong fet to jnufick 23 5 Birth day ibid. A new minuet 236 On the king's fenior chaplain being un- provided for ibid. To Mifs L— , on her birth-day, April 25, O. S. 237 Lines wrote extempore by a gentleman to his friend, on hearing he had left Eng. land, with a defign to vifit the city of Herculaneum 238 Love, an ode ibid. A view of life 230 An ode of Horace imitated ibulu Friendthip interrupted by trifles, re- (lored and increafed by reafon ibid Horace, ode 13, B. I. tranflated by Mr. H. 240 Song, by the fame ibid. The Monthly Chiokol ocii 241 A great fire ibid. Affair of Canning ibid. A poifoner committed ibid. Seflions at the Old Bailey ibid. Feaft of the fons of the clergy ibid. Philofophical account of a remarkable , fpring ibid. A court martial ibid. Acts palTed 241, 241 Exprefs from Nova Scotia 242 Dr. Cameron receives fentence for high treafon ibid. Petition againft the Jews bill ibid. Squires the gypfy pardoned ibid. Riot at Briftol ibid. Malefactors executed 243 Marriages and births ibid. Deaths ibid. Ecclefiaftical preferments 244 Promotions civil and military ibid. New members 245 Perfons declared bankrupts ibid. Foreign Apfaiks 246 A catalogue of books 247 Prices of (locks and grain ; wind, wea- ther 24I Monthly bill of mortality ibid. The Surveying queflions Jball be in our next* The letter finned CanaVdus is long* but fm€ htpt then to give it alto a place ; as alfo to the letter concerning plaifter of Paris, the remarks em two plays, and Air, Jeacocke's Utter concerning Mr. Wbifion, &c, &c. Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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THE London Magazine. MAY, 1753. The DEBATES in the POLITICAL CLUB will be continued in our next. A*tbmick Hiftory tf Naj>j» Kocli, or Kouli Khan, the famous Perfian r^*w£- *r. Continued fr$m pK. 175. >ADIR having by his laft expedition raifed his cha- . racW as a general, and ^ having got about 5000 men under his command, he be^an to extend his views,and for this pur- pofe he applied and offer- ed his fervice to the diftrefled Shah Taeh- mas, then in Mazanderan under the pro- tection of Fatey Ali Khan, who during B the troubles had got himfelf made chief or governor of that province, the inhabi- tants of which are called Khajars. This offer the Shah, by the advice and at the recommendation of Fatey Ali Khan, glad- ly accepted. Accordingly Nadir, in 1727, joined his forces to thofe under Fatey, to whom he feemed for fome time perfectly,-, fubmimve ; but as foon as he had got*" the ear of the Shah, he confpired againft fatey, accufed him of treachery, and' with the leave of the Shah, got him mur- dered, by which he became the Shah's fole and chief general, and thereby got a body of about Sooo men under his com- mand. With this force the Shah, who had no- D wrtnally the chief command, marched to Kifhabur in Khorafan, which h« entered, JWay 15, 1728 j and Nadir's reputation for conduct and courage being high in thofe parts, the army was foon increafed to 18,000 men, which was a force fuperior to the Abdolles, who were then in pof- fe/Tion of Mefched 5 therefore, as they £ could expect no immediate afliftance from their allies the Afghans, they retired, and the Shah with his general entered that famous city without oppofition, which v^as a good omen, as the tomb of Imam J*/iza, the chief Perfian faint, is in that city, and it had been long a cuftom for Ctie Perfian monarch* to make a p ilgri- May, 1753. mage, foon after their coronation, to that tomb; a cuflom which had been politically introduced *by Shah Abas the great, to put an end to the expenfive pilgrimages formerly made by% the Perfians to' Mecca or Medina in the Turkim dominions. The Shah was fo grateful to his general* that he here conferred upon him his own name, one of the greatefi honours a Per- fian monarch can beflow, fo that from henceforth Nadir Kouli began to be called Taehmas Kouli Khan, and the general foon added to his former merit by re- ducing the whole province of Khorafan, and alfo the province of Herat, under the obedience of their lawful fovereign 5 after which he continued increasing his army and difciplining his foldiers till after the middle of the year 1729, when he heard that Afhreff, the Afghan monarch of Per- fia, was marched from Isfahan with a great army, in order to come and attack him in Khorafan. As Nadir, now Ta?hmas Kouli Khan, knew that the Afghan army would be much fatigued by fuch a long march, he was not forry to hear this news, but he refolved to prevent their entering Kho- rafan \ therefore he collected his troops, and by fhort journeys marched to the plains of Damgoon, upon the very border of Khorafan, having tne Shah along with him to encourage his foldiers. This fi- tuation, like a mod expert general, he prudently chofe, becaufe he had a fine champaign country in front and a ridge of almoft inacceflible mountains in the rtar, fo that if he was defeated he had a fafe retreat, and if he got ih^ victory he had an open country for the purfuit. As the Afghans had heen long accuf- tomed to drive the Perfuns before them,, and had likewife a fupericrity ia num- bers, their army being above 30,000, and the Perfians not above 25,000, they marched boldly on, and as 100a as they came up, being October 2, th~y attacked Cc z wish Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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204 Authcntick Hiftory of K O U L I K H A N. . May with their ufual impetuoflty and (hout- Thus Nadir returned triumphant to ing ; but Kouli Khan had accuftomed Isfahan, but without flopping any time his foldiers to keep clofe order, and to there, for he foon marched, and after defpife their- notfe : They ftood the at- defeating the Turks near Hamadan, re- tack with fuch firmnefs, that the enemy covered that city and Kermanfhah from could no where break in, and then at- them, as he foon after did both Tauris tacking in their turn, before the enemy and Ardeville. Upon this the Turks feed could recover any order, they obtained ^ for a truce, which he the more readily a compleat victory ; after which they confented to, asJie heard that a new re* killed great numbers of the enemy in bellion was broke out in Herat, which the purfuit, and made themfelve matters obliged him to march thither with a con- of all their artillery, tents and baggage. fiderable part of his army, towards the Aflireff, with the mattered remains of end of the year 1730* his army, fled firft to Tsehiran, and from The truce being ended, and the war thence without flopping to Isfahan, where renewed with the Turks, whilft Nadir lie recruited his army as much as poflible, was employed againft the rebels in Herat <and encamped at a place called Mourt- B and Khorafan, the Shah Taehmas marched chakhor, about 25 miles eaft of that againft the Turks, but he was twice de- city, in an advantageous fituatjpn, which feated by them in 1731, and they re- he began immediately to fortify, riot covered Hamadan and all they had loft doubting his being foon followed and the preceding year, fo that Taehmas attacked by the victorious Perfian army. found it neceflary to conclude a peace Nadir being willing to have all the glory with them, which he did in the begin- as well as all the merit of his future vi&o- ning of 1732, by yielding to them his ries, prevailed on the weak Shah Taehmas q right to Armenia, Erivan, and Georgia $ to remain at Taehiran, whilft he marched and as Nadir had by this time defeated towards the enemy, and he had the fatis- the rebels, and again reduced all the faction to And his army increafe daily, as places both in Herat and Khorafan, the Perfians flocked from all quarters to the Shah wrote to him to dUband his his ftandard. Nov. 13, he attacked the army and return to court; but Nadir Afghans in their camp at Mourtchakhor, having now very much incrcafed his army and obtained another compleat victory, by engaging great numbers of AbdoJles, Afhreff, and fuch of his troops as could Ouibegs and other independent Tartars, make their efcape, having fled to Isfahan. D infteadof obeying his fovereign's orders. Nadir, for what reafon is not known, he exclaimed again ft the peace that had remained two days upon the field of bat- been made, and finding all his chief tie, which gave the Afghans time to officers of his opinion, and ready to obey inarch off from Isfahan, and not only to his commands even again ft their fovereign, carry off every thing that was valuable rather than to allow themfelves to be dif- trom that city, but to put an end to the banded, inftead of difbanding his army, life of the unfortunate Shah Huflein, and which was now near 70,000, he marched ail the male offspring of the royal family, p with it to Isfahan, feized the Shah Taeh- which was perhaps what Nadir defigned mas, fent him prifoner to a fortrefs in they (hould do, and therefore gave them Khorafan, and in an aflembly of the chief time to do it. men of Perfia got him depofed, and his Nov, 16, he entered the city of Isfahan fon Abas Myira, an infant of fix months without the leaft oppofition; and,. De- old, proclaimed Shah by the name of cember 9, the Shah Taehmas arrived from Shah Abas III. in whofe name Nadir af- Taehiran, and was received with the ut- fumed to himfelf the fovereign power, moil refpeft by his general, and the uni- and prefently iffued a rnanifefto difclaim- verfal acclamations of his people; but F ing the late peace with the Turks, the general would not march againft the In confequence of this rnanifefto Nadir Afghans, who had halted at and taken marched, in Feb. 1733, and reduced Kor- poflcflion of Schirafs, unlefs the Shah, manrtia, which by the late peace had would grant him an abfolute and un- been left in the pofleflion of the Turks, limited power to levy money, which he and from thence he marched with his ar- at laft obtained, and on Jan. 15, he gave my of above 80,000 men towards Bagdat, the Afghans another total defeat near forced the, feveralpafles upon the Turkiih Shirafs, after which they were forced Q frontier, and arrived, April 10, near the to divide into fmall parties, in order to walls of that city, which he inverted, get back to their own country, called and intended to have reduced it by famine- Kandahar, but were almoft all cut oflf This he had very near effeded 5 but the together with their Shah Afhreff, in Turkish army under Topal Ofman at laft their retreat through the Andy deferts of approached, and a rapft furious bactje Scgeftan. enfuc4 Digitized by UOOQ IC

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1753- Authentick Hiftory of K O U L I K H A N. 205 enfued 'near Kerkoud in Kourdiftan, there was a ftnart (kirmifli between de- July 19, which lafted eight hours with tachments from both armies near Leilam, doubtful fuccefs ; but at laft the Perfians jn whicb the Perfians were obUged to were totally routed with the lofs of 30,000 retreat with the lofs of 4000 men, which men killed, and 3000 taken prisoners $ encouraged , the Turkilh army to leave and tliat part of the army which had been their intrenchments, and this brought on left to continue the blockade of Bagdat, a general engagement on the 26th. Vic- was likewife attacked and defeated by the ^ tory food hovering for a long time, but gerifon, as foon as they were informed at fcft t grcat p^n 0f thc Turkifh army of the fate of the battle 5 but as the bemg thrown into confufion, the brava Perfians, encouraged by their general who Topal Ofman was killed in rallying them, had two horfes killed under him during which foon brought on an entire de- the battle, had fought moft defperately, feat> wjtn the lofs of 40,000 men killed, the lofs of the Turks was very near equal befides a great number made prifoners, to that of the Perfians, fo that they could an<j 0f an their attillery, baggage, &c. make no ufe of their vi&ory, as their in- As foon as Na<Kr heard of the death of detent court negleaed to fend the rein- o Topal Ofman,' who was then In the 70th forcemeats follicited by Topal Ofman. year of his age, he ordered diligent feared On the other hand, Nadir retreated to be made for his body, and fent it care- no farther than Hamadan, where his funy to Bafdat, there to receive from hit conduft was very remarkable, for in- countrymen the funeral rites due to his ftead of finding fault with his troops, rank. he extolled their courage, and imputed After this viaory Nadir intended to their defeat to fome overfights in his have befieged Bagdat, and as he waa own coodufi, and chiefly to their being Q novr mailer of the Turkifli artillery, he betrayed by a body of 3000 Arabs they might perhaps have reduced it 5 but he bad in their army, who being bribed by was diverged by the news of a rebellion the Turks had deferted their ports, and in Farfiftan, where a mat army had been expofed them to the difadvantage of being gathered together, who declared for re- attacked in flank by the enemy. This ftoring the Shah Tachmas j upon which prevented his foldiers from being dif- he marched with 30,000 of his bed horfe, heartened . by their defeat, and he re- and arrived af Shirafi, when the rebel* cruited his army with fuch diligence, ~ had hardly received the news of his leaving that foon after the beginning of Oaober u Turkey. He immediately attacked and it was near as numerous as before ; but defeated their army, and by this he foon to amufe the Turks, he had by letter told put an end to the rebellion, but it fuf- Achmed Bafha, governor of Bagdat, that pended his defigns againft the Turks for as he reiblved to make war like a generous the reft of this year, enemy,. he defired him to be prepared, During the winter Nadir had greatly for that early next year he would be at encreafed his army, with which he Bagdat with a more numerous army than marched northward, and during the fol- the former. E lowing rammer he recovered almoft all This, however, neither deceived Ach- that the Turks had lately taken from the med nor Topal Ofman, for the former Perfians, to wit Tauris, Ganja, TefBis, immediately ftored his city with a great Shamakie, Sec. the former not having quantity of frefh provifions, and the lat- an army to oppofe him any where in ter fent repeated couriers to Conftantino- the field ; and in the beginning of the pie for a reinforcement of troops and a year 1735, he fent an ambaflador to Ruf- fupply of ammunition ; but he had got fia with high compliments, but at the neither, when he heard that Nadir had for* p fame time to demand restitution of what ced the pafs of Takajak, which was the the Czar Peter had taken from the Per- entrance into Turkey from Hamadan, fians on the Cafpian fea, which was ac- and was advancing with his army, upon cordingly reftored, as the Ruflians did which he re- enforced his army with the net think the country worth keeping, neighbouring garifons, and fuch recruits and the boundaries between the two em- aa he could find in the country, and by pires were fettled by commiflTaries. He this means got together near 100,000 then returned towards Erivan, where the men ; but many of the troops were not Turks had now got an army afiembled fuch as could be depended en, therefore G of 80,000 men, and the Nadir's army did ke chofe.ao advantageous fituation, and not, by reafon of many detachments, ex- cntrenched his army in the plains of A- cecd 55,000, yet by a ftratagem he drew ronia near Mendeli. the Turks into an ambufcade, by which Nadir, though his army was not fo their army was defeated and their general swmerous, advanced boldly, and Oift. %%, killed, with the lofs of 20,000 men killed, Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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7o6 Expeiices of a Mayer of Norwich5* Feast. May killed, and many taken prifoners, befides the lofs of their artillery, baggage, Sec. WILLIA^ MUIC A Y, Ef9: Mavo, Upon this viftory Envan furrendered, ,/Norwich, *, Expen.es fir /£ We' which complea ed the recovery of all the £ „bkb ^ft^i^Duke of Norfolk! Turks had lately taken from Perfla, and ^ ,^ Lia\ Knights, ant Gentry of a peace was the next year concluded at the Count* i their general. Four couple of hens — o a o Here be opened the aflembly with a q Two couple of mallards —oxo fpeech, in which he firft related all the Thirty four eggs — oxo> great things he had done for his country, Two bumel of flour — 0x6 and concluded, that, as it was neceflary for Sixteen loaves of white bread 004 the fupport and continuation of the glory Eighteen of wheaten bread 009 of their monarchy, to have a perfon at Three loaves of miflin ditto o o 3 the head of their armies, who might pre- One barrel of double beer — o % 6 vent fuch fatal confequences as they had One barrel (mall ditto -.010 experienced in the preceding reigns, and One quarter of wood — o % » as he chofe to pafs the remainder of his D Nutmegs, mace, cinnamon,? life in repofe, he hoped they would al- and greens — J ° ° 3 low him to refign ; and as it had pleafed Four pound of barberries and ? - God to deprive them of the young Abas, fugar — — \ ° x • it was neceflary for them to eleft a new Fruit and almonds — 007 Shah or king, to all which he defired their Sweet water and perfumes 004 anfwer in three days. Sixteen oranges — o o ft As foon as he had retired, (bmewho Two gallons of white wine? ""• were known to be his creatures, propofed E and claret — — J ° * ° to petition him to accept of the Perfian One quart of fack — 009 diadem, which in their fituation, we may One quart of Malmfey —005 believe, was unanimoufly agreed to ; and One quart of buftard — 003 this petition being immediately prefented One quart of Mufcadine -r- e o 6 to him, he anfwered, that he would - not accept of the diadem but upon three x 18 1 conditions, 1. That it mould be made ■ hereditary in his family. 2. That no p man mould harbour in his houfe any of A Speicm made by Johnny Mabtyn, the family of their former race of kings. of Norwich, a wealthy honeft Man, AJid, 3. That an aflembly of prieilf after Mr. Mayor Muigay** Dinner. Jhould compofe the differences between the fefls of the Schias and the Sunni *. Maifier Mayor of Norwich, and itpttafe Thefe conditions were all prefently your rVorJbip* agreed to without the leaft oppofltion, You have feafted us like a king t God except from the Mullah Bairn, or high^ blefs the queen's grace. We have fed prieft> who obje&ed to the laft as in- ** plentifully j and now whilom I can confident with their religion j but he was fpeak plain Engiifh, I heartily thank yon, foon filenced by a bow -firing, and next mailer mayor, and fo do we all. Anfwer, day Nadir was proclaimed king by the bo ye j name of Nadir Shah. * • The Perfians are of the former, and the Turks of the latter* + This was at tho beginning of the reign of queen Elizabeth. And by this bill of fare may be Jeen the differ*** *wcen the value of money then and now. Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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Increaft and Decreafe in the Bills of Mortality. 207 1753 boys * anfwer. Your beer is pleafant and potent, and wilt foon catch us by the caput, and flop our manners. And fo buzza for the queen's majefty's grace, and all her bonny browed dames of honour* Huzza for matter mayor, and our good dame mayorefs, his noble grace, there he is, God feve him 1 and all this jolJy company. To all our friends round county, who have a penny in their pnrfe, and an Engliih heart in their bodies, to keep out Spanifh dons, and papifts with their faggots to burn our whUkers.— - Shore it about, twirl your cap- cafes, handle your jugs, and huzza for mafar mayor, and his brethern their worihips. A Computation of the Number of Inhabitants within the Bills tf Mortality, from 1701, m 1752, indufive 5 and the Iacreafe and Decreafe in- the Intervals eanfidered, Ann. Dom. 1701 1712 '7*3 1724 1752 Decreafe Chrifiningi. Burials. 20,471 21,198 Inhabitants. 15,616 15,660 780,800 ? 783,000 J Increafe 2200 mn years. I9>370 29,167 960,000 »9*370 15,308 20,485 5467 968,500? 765,4003 Decreafe 203,100 in 2S years. 4062 203,100 Killed by gin in 28 years 203,100. Ann. Dom. BirtbsA 15*616 15*687 i5>443 i5>*95 16,145 i5'369 16,066 Burials. 20,471 19,481 20,720 22,684 22,097 I9*847 21,600 Inhabitants. Ann. Dom. Births. Burials. Inhabitant*. 1701 1702 1703 1704 1705 1706 1707 780,800 784,350 772,400 794.750 807,250 768,450 803,300 1724 19,370 18,859 18,808 18,257 16,652 17,060 I7>"8 17,830 17*788 17*465 17,630 16,873 16,491 16,760 16,060 16,181 i5»*3i 14,957 14,751 15*050 *5»95* *5»5*3 20,647 28,418 27,810 29,722 26,761 25,262 *3»358 *9»*33 26,062 *3»5o8 27,581 27,823 25,825 25,432 30,811 32,169 27,483 25,200 968,500 1725 1726 1727 1728 1729 1730 1731 1732 1733 943,000 940400/ 912,850 832,660 853,00* 856,000 891,500 £89,400 873,230 1708 15,862 15,220 14,928 14,706 15,660 15*927 17*495 21,291 21,800 24,620 19*833 21,198 21,057 26,569 794,310 761,000 746,400 735,300 783,000 796,350 874*750 1709 1710 1711 1712 1713 1714 1734 1735 1736 1717 i7i8 1739 1740 1741 1742 »74J 881,500 843,650 $24,600 838,110 803,000 809,050 761,530 747,$ S« 737,6oo 75°»*5» 1716 17*234 17*21 i8>475 18,307 18,413 17,479 18,370 1**339 19**03 22,232 24,436 «3»446 26,52* 28,347 *5>454 26,142 25*750 861,700 871,500 920,650 915.350 920,650 ' »73»950 918,500 916,500 1717 1718 1719 1720 1721 1721 ' 1744 1745 1746 1747 1748 1749 1750 1751 1752 14,261 14,078 H,577 14,94* H,i53 14,260 i4>548 14,691 115,308 20,606 21,296 28,157 25*494 25,869 25,516 23*727 21,028 20,485 7i3»05o 705,900 7*8,850 747,100 707,650 713,000 1723 29,197 960,000 7*7*40o 734,6oo 1 765,4*0 A Defeription 0/ Woicisthihiii. With a new and correQ Map. WORCESTERSHIRE has Staf- fordshire on the north, War^ • wicMhlre on the eaft, GleucefteHhire on the fouth, and Herefordshire and Shrop- ihire on the weft. It is about 3 5 miles long from north to fouth, and 25 where broadeft, from eaft so weft ; being about 120 in circumference, and containing 540,000 acres. It is divided into 7 bun- dreds, has 152 parUhes, one city, three 1 parJia- _ Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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208 A Description of Worcestershire. Mar parliamentary boroughs, and fix other a. Eveftiam, or Efam, 7 miles S. E. of market -towns ; and fcndi 9 members to Worcefter, fituate on a gentle afcent from parliament, the prefent Knights of the the river Avon, ever which it has a ftately fliire being Edmund Pytts and John Bulkier bridge of feven arches. It is a very an- Coventry, Efqrs. It is a pleafant and fruitful cient town, and enjoys many privileges, county, the air fweet and temperate, and Irs prefent government is in a mayor, fe- the foil fertile both for tillage and pafture, ven aldermen, 12 capital burgefies, a re* bearing large crops of corn, and feeding £ corder, &c. and it fends two members abundance of cattle. It is ftored with to parliament, who at prefent are the fuch a quantity of fruit, that even the Rt. Hon. Sir John Rufhout, Bart, and ' hedge-rows and highways are befet with Edward Rudge, Efqj It has three churches, fruit-trees, which are common to all paf- a market on Monday, and its chief trade fengers, and of which they make great is in blockings. Near this town is a vale, quantities of cyder and perry. The hills called The Vale of Efam, efteemed the are well clothed with wood, it has feveral moil fertile in the kingdom, fait fprings, of which excellent fait is n 3. Bewdley, 11 miles N. of Worcefter, made, and is well watered with rivers, "pleafantly fituate on the weft fide of the the chief of which are the Severn, which Severn. It is ancient, and governed by a running from north to fouth, almoft cuts bailiff, recorder, deputy- recorder, and 1a the county in the middle, the Avon, Sal- capital burgefies. It fends but one mem- warp, Stour, and Teme. Thefe rivers ber to parliament, who is chofen by the .have great plenty of fifti ; and near Holt- bailiff and burgefies. The prefent mem- caftle, about 6 miles N. of Worcefter, ber is William Lyttelton, Efq; Its market -Che Severn abounds fo with lampreys, Is on Saturday, which is well fuppliej) that nature feems here to have formed a Q with corn and malt, leather and caps, pond for them. The other market towns are, 1. Pcr- Woreefter, the capital of the county, (hore, 4 miles W. of Eveftiam, an anci- 86 computed and 112 meafured miles ent, large, and pretty good town, fituate N. W. from London, is fituate on the on the river Avon, and in the great road eaftern banks of the Severn, over which from London. It has a good market on it has a fair ftone bridge and a tower Tuefday. upon it. It is an ancient, large, popu- 2. Upton, 7 miles S. W. of Perfhore, lous, and well-built city, having 10 pa- n a noted town on (he Severn, over which rift) churches, befides the cathedral. It ** it has a good bridge. It has a confidera- Is a county of itfelf, divided into feven ble market on Thurfday, and a harbour wards, and its chief trade is in woollen for barges on the river. Roman coins are cloth and gloves. The markets are on frequently dug up here. . Wednesdays, Fridays, and Saturdays, for 3. Tenbury, 13 miles N. W. of Wor- «orn, cattle, and other provifions. It cefter, afmalltown on the edge of Shrop- has undergone variety of fortune, being (hire, fituate on the river Teme, over more than once burnt down ; and is par- which it has a bridge, and which runs ticularly memorable for that great decifive £ thro* rich meadows into the Severn, two battle, on Sept. 3, 1651, between king miles below Worcefter. It has a good Charles II. and the parliament's forces market on Tuefday. under Oliver Cromwell, in which the 4. Kidderminfter, 3 miles N. Ev of former was totally defeated. It is go- Bewdley, a large, compact, and well in- terned by a mayor, fix aldermen, a (he- habited town, fituate on the Stour. It riff, 48 common-council men, a recorder, has a very fair church, with monuments Ac and fends two members to parlia- of people of quality. The inhabitants are snent, who at prefent are Thomas Vernon wholly employed in weaving woollen cloths and Robert Tracy, Efqrs. It gives title of** and linfey-woolfeys. It has a good market marquis to the duke of Beaufort. on Thurfdays, well furnimed with all The boroughs that fend members to forts of commodities, parliament, are, 1. Droitwich, vulgarly 5. Stourbridge, 7 miles N. E. of Kid- called Dirtwich, 6 miles N. E. of Wor- derminfter, fituate on the Stour, over cefter, upon the river Salwarp, famous which it has a very good bridge. It is. of for the moft excellent white fait, of late years vaftly increafed in houfes and which they make very large quantities, inhabitants, by the great demand for iron which greatly enriches the town. It i$G and glafs works made here. It hat a governed by a bailiff and burgeffes, and large market on Fridays. fends two members to parliament, the 6. Bromfgrove, 7 miles E. of Bewdley, prefent ones being Thomas Winnington a large town, which drives a considerable and the Hon. Edward Sandys, Efqrs. It trade in clothing, and has a good market has four churches, and the market is on en Tutfday for corn and other provifions. Fridays. Ass t a act Digitized by VjOOQIC

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1253- AbftraA of L. B.'jr Letter to Sir W. Windham. 209 of the landed, intereft, and to have Abstract */* far/ BoljncbrokbV no contrary influence blended into LETTER to Sir William "* compohtion. We fuppofed the Windham : Written in 1717. whigs to be the remain* of a party, formed againft the ill defigna of the HIS lordfhip begins with court under king Charles 1 I. nurfed /hewing the reafons why A up into ftrength, and applied to con- the Pretender and his ad- trary ufes, by king William f II. and hercnts raifed a clamour againft him, yet ftill fo weak as to lean for fup- but fays, he never expected that the port on the prefbyterians and the Englifh tories would ferve as echos other fectaries, on the Bank and the to them, without any proof, and other corporations, on the Dutch even without hearing him ; there- and the other allies. From hence fore he wrote this letter on purpofe B we judged it to follow, that 'they that they might have both fides of had been forced, and mud con- the qucftion laid before them, and tinue fo, to render the national jo- in order to open their eyes with tereft fubfervient to the intereft of refpect to the delufions he knew thofe who lent them an additional they lay under, as well as to juftify ftrength, without which they could his own conduct. never be the prevalent party. The In order to do this, he gives aC view, therefore, of thofe amongft compendious ftate of the affairs in us, who ^bought in this manner, Britain from the latter part of 17 10 was to improve the queen's favour to the beginning of 1 7 1 5 ; which he to break the body of the whigs, begins thus : "lam afraid that we to render their fupports ufele/s to came to court in the fame difpofi- them, and to fill the employments tions as all parties have done ; that of the kingdom, down to the mean* the principal fpring of our actions D eft, with tories. * We imagined that was to have the government of the . fuch meafures, joined to the ad van- ftate in our hands ; that our prin- tages of our numbers and our pro- cipal views were the. confervation perty, would fecure us againft all of this power, great employments attempts during her reign ; and that to ourfelves, and great opportunities we (hould foon become too conGder* of rewarding thofe who had helped able, not to make our terms in all to raife us, and of hurting thofe g events which might happen after - who ftood in oppofition to us. It wards : Concerning which, to fpeak is however true, tnat with thefe truly, I believe few or none of us confiderations of private and party had any very fettled refolution.'* intereft there were others inter- He then fhews, that there was no mingled, which had for their object defign to perfecute the Diflenters, the publicjc good of the nation, and that the defign of the bills for at leaft what we took to be fuch. p preventing occasional conformity We looked on the political prin- and the growth of fchifm, was only, ciples, which had generally prevail- to prevent the propagating of thofe ed in our government from the re- prejudices, and the forming of thole volution in 1688, to be deflructive habits, which made men by prin- of our true intereft, to have mingled ciple enemies to what is eftablifhed ; as too much in the affairs of the for, fays he, the evil effect is without continent, to tend to the im q remedy, and may therefore defer ve poverifhing our people, and to the indulgences but the evil caufe is loofening the bands of our conftitu- to be prevented, and can therefore tion in church and ftate. We fup- be intitled to none. He goes on to pofed the tory party to be the bulk juftify the toy administration, and Ma/, 1753. -Dd parti- Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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2 io Abftraft of L. B.'s Letter to Sir W. Wiadham. May particularly his own conduct, but their bufinefs for one year has bees takes frequent occafion to find fault purchafed at the price of publick dtf- wtth that of the earl of Oxford, and order for many, arraigns even his duty to the queen, The conjuncture I am fpeaking a/ter *flie drfobliged him by refufing of affords a memorable inftance of to create his fon duke of Newcaftle this truth. If milder meafures had or earl of Clare : Nay, he accufes A been purfucd, certain it is, that the him of being after this the fpy of tories had never universally cm- the whigs, and that he voted with braced Taecbitifm. The violence of the tories in the morning, againft the whigs forced them into the arms thofe very queftions which he had of the Pretender. The court and penned the night before with Wal- the party feemed to vie with one pole, and others. another, which fhould go the great- He gives next an account of the B eft lengths in fe'verity : And the mi- Hate of affairs about the time of the ' rafters, whofe true intereli it mufl late king's acceflion, and adds as at all times be to calm the minds follows: " This was the ftate of of men, and who ought never to things when the new parliament, fet the examples of extraordinary which his majefty had called, aftem- inquiries or extraordinary accufations, bled. A great majority of the elec* were upon this occafion the tribunes thms had gone in favour of the C of the people." whigs ; to which the want of con- Being thus come to the time of cert among the tories had contributed his flying from England, after giving as much, as the vigour of that party, his reafons for fo doing, he tells us, and the influence of the new govern- that upon his arrival at Paris he re- ment. The whigs came to the open- t ftfed to anfwer the letter of invita- ing of this parliament full of as tion which the Pretender had fent to much violence as could poflefs men D him ; that he waited on the earl of who expected to make their court, Stair, and promifed him he would to confirm themfelves in power, enter into no Jacobite engagements, and to gratify their refentments by and kept his word with nim • that the fame meafures. I have heard he wrote a letter to Mr. fecretary that it was a difpute among the Stanhope, which might have taken mmifters, how far this fpirit mould off any imputation of neglecl of be indulged ; and that the king was £ the government ; and that he re- determined, or confirmed in a deter- tired into Daupbiny to remove the mination, to confent to the profe- objection of refidence near the court cations, and to give the reins to of France. the party, by the reprefentations " This retreat from Park, fays he, that were made to him, that great was cenfured in England, and uyt- difBculties would arife in the con- ed a defertion of my friends and dud of the feffion, if the court mould F of their caufe : With what fbunda- appear inclined to check this fpirit, tion, let any reaionable man deter- and by Mr. W — 's undertaking to mine. Had I engaged with the carry all the bufinefs fuccefsfully Pretender before the party acled for through the houfe of commons, if him, or required of me that I (hoold they were at liberty. Such has do fo, I had taken the air of being often been the unhappy fate of our his man ; whereas I looked on my- princes : A real neceffity fometimes, Q felf as theirs : I had gone about to and fometimes a feeming one, has bring them into his meafures ; forced them to compound with a whereas I never intended, ever part of the nation at the expence fince that time, to do any thing of the whole; and the iuccefs of more than to make him, as far Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1 75 $• Abftraft of L. B.V Letter to Sir W. Windham: % i i as poffible, a£l conformably to their miffion containing the mod ample views." powers that coujd be given, his lord- WhiM he was in Dauphiny the aft fhip fays, he expected that the prin- of attainder pafled againft him, and ciples on which the Pretender mould his letter to Mr. Stanhope was quoted proceed, and the tories engage in as a bafe and fawning fubmiffion, his fervice, had been laid down ; and perverted to rain him in the A that a regular and certain method opinion of his friends. Notwith- of correfpondence had been efta- ftanding which he ftill continued in fclifhed ; that the neceflary affiftance* Baupbiny, without embarking in had beep fpecified, and that pofitive {he caufe of the Pretender, until altorances had been given, of them the beginning of July 171$, when Nothing lefs. On the contrary, the a perfon of credit came to hjm from French court had told them, that {is friends in England, who told £ they mud abfolutely defpair of any firi that Scotland was ready to take number of troops whatever ; and Inns, that the whole tory party in had given them but general hopes England was become avowedly Ja- of fome arms, fome ammunition, cobite, that many officers of the and fome money ; of which kft ar- Irmy and the majority of the fol- tide they bad received a fmall fum. djers were very well affected in the The Scots, he adds, had long caufe, that the city of London was q prefled the Chevalier to come al- ready to rife, and that his friends mongft them, and were every way were a little fur£rized that he lay prepared for putting their intentions neuter in fuch a conjuncture 5 and into immediate execution. They he concluded with prefixing him knew upon whom to depend for a letter from the Pretender, preffinjg every part of the work, and they him to repair without lbfs of time to had concerted with the Chevalier Comrriercy. j} even to the place of If is landing. As this perfon could give him But the Scots with all their seal and but little fattsfa&ion, with refpedt to all their valour could bring no re- the mea Cures taken for improving volution about, unjefs in concur- this difpofition m the people, his rence with the Englilh ; and among lbfdlhip fays, the circumflances want- the latter nothing was ripe. for fuch. in£ to form a reafonable induce- an undertaking J>ut the temper of ipent to engage did not efcape him. g the people, if that was fo* There- But the fmart of a bill of attainder fore he thought that the Pretender's tingled in every vein, and he looked friends in the north fhould be kept on his party to be under oppreffion, from riling, till thofe ,in the fouth and to call for his affiftance j and had put themfelves in a condition he expelled, after conferring with to aft ; that in the mean while the the Chevalier, to be informed of utmoft endeavours ought to be ufed many particulars unknown to this p with the king of France to efpoufe gentleman. Therefore he loft no the caufe ; and that the fucctfs 0/ time in repairing to Commercy ; it would depend on timing, as near but received fo little fatisfa&ion from as poffible together, the inturrcftion the Chevalier, that he began •ven in both parts of the ifland, and th$ thern, if not to repent of his own fuccours from France,. Whjch o,- rafhnefs, yet to be fnlly convinced pinion the Pretender approved ; and of the ralhnefs both of himfelf and^ with ihftrudtions according thereto, the party. ** his lordfhip fet ou.t (or Paris, after As the duke of Ormond had for having accepted the feals, on exr fome time been engaged with the prefs condition of biing at liberty Chevalier, and had received a com- torefign them whenever iheoccafion Dd2, upon Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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2 1 2 Abftraft of L. B.V Letter U> Sir W. Windham. May upon which he engaged was over, thisjnight have encouraged or forced one way or other. them to go farther. This, therefore, He arrived at Paris towards the was the only point of time when end of July, 1715; and after giving thefe affairs had, to hie appreben- ns a mod contemptible piclure of the fion, the lead reasonable appearance Jacobites, efpecially the Irifh in that even of poffibility : All that pre- city, he fays, " Into fuch company A ceded waa wild and uncertain, aft was I fallen, for my fins ; and it is that # followed was mad and de- upon the credit of fuch a mob mi- fperate. But two things foon hap- niftry, that the tories have judged pened, which put an end to this fa- me capable of betraying a trull, or vourable afpe&, one of which was incapable of difcharging it?19 the arrival of the duke of Ormond Before he had made any progreft in France, and the other was the with the French court, a memorial, B death of Lewis XIV. he tells us, arrived, which had been As the Jacobites had represented dictated word for word to the gen- the duke of Ormond as a man of great tleman who brought it over, by the power as well as popularity, hi* ar- earl of Mar, and it had been deliver- rival made the French minifters form ed to him by the duke of Ormond, as bad an opinion of the caufe as they which memorial dropped unexpec- had before formed a good one ; and tedly into his lordftiip's hands. By C by the death of Lewis the whole this memorial it was afferted, that fyftem of politicks waa entirely there were no hopes of fucceeding changed at the court of France, e- in a prefent undertaking, without fpecially as the duke of Orleans had, an immediate and univerfal rifing by means of the earl of Stair, en* of the people in all parts of England tered into fome private engagements upon die Chevalier's arrival, and with our late king, even during the that this infurreclion was in no degree Dlife of Lewis. However, his lord- probable, unlets he brought a body fhip continued to negotiate with the of regular troops along with him ; regent by means of M. D'HuxeUes, that it this attempt mifcarried, his who had the principal dire&ion of caufe and his friends, the Englifli foreign affairs; and the duke of liberty and government, would be Ormond flattered himfelf that, un- utterly ruined ; but, if by coming known to his lordfhip, he had open- without troops he refoived to rifque E ed a private and fure channel of ar- .thefe and every thing elfe, he mud riving at the regent, and of bend* fet out fo as not to arrive before the ing him to his purposes. This waa end of September/ O. S. and even by means of one Mrs. Trant, whom in this cafe 20,000 arms, a train of his lord (hip feems to reprefent aa artillery, 500 officers with their (er- a procured for the regent ; and vants, and a considerable fum of with her was aflbciated the abbe money were demanded. p Tefieu, who was private fecrctary His lordfhip fays, that being now to the regent, aHb a mad fellow who able to fpeak with greater affurance, had been an iotendant in Normandy, and in fome fort to undertake condi- and feveral other politicians of the tionally for the event of things, no lowed form, time was lod in making the proper With thefe worthy people, hf* application to the court of France; his lordfhip, his grate of Ormond but they would not hear offending q negotiated ; and no care waaomit- a body of troops, neither would ted on his part to keep me out'of they grant trie whole of what was the fecret. But he advanced not a afked intheleeond plan. However, dep in the buiinefs with thefe (haoa they granted' fome fuccours ; and miniders, tho1 he imagined he got Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1753- Abftraft *f L. B.9s Letter to Sir W. Windham. 213 daily ground. I made no progrefs France, like all the reft of the con- with tne true ones, but I faw it. In tinent, againft it. thefe circumftances an anfwer came His lordfhip then proceeds to give from their friends in England, by a detail of a great many little cir- means of the French fecretary of ftate, cumftances relating to this affair, wherein they declared themfelves which are either pubjickly Jcnown, unable to fay any thing as to what A or of no great importance; therefore they could do, till they Ihould fee we fhall mention no more of them, what turn affairs would take on f© until the Pretender's return from great an event as the death of the king Scotland, except the character he of France. This threw them at gives of the duke of Orleans, the Paris into an uncertainty whether regent, as follows : " This prince, their friends in England had not re- fays his lordfhip, with wit and valour, fblved to fufpend the defign till a B has joined all the involution of more favourable conjun&ure offered, temper poflible, and is, perhaps, and in this uncertainty they remained the man in the world the leaft ca- for many weeks, during which time pable of faying no to your face, they neither could follicit nor pro- From hence ic happened, that thefe vide for any thing. At lait they women, like multitudes of other began to receive fome verbal mef- people, forced him to fay and do iages from England, that no more time Q enough to give them the air of was to be loft, and that the Chevalier having credit with him, and of be- ihould come away diredUy. But fuch ing trufted by him. This drew verbal mefiages they could not de- in the duke of Ormond, who is pend on, becaufe, foon after his lord- not, I dare fay, as yet undeceived, ftip engaged in thefe affairs, a monk The regent never intended, from the J rived at Bar, difpatcbed, as he af- firft, to do any thing, even indi- med, by the duke of Ormond, j) redly, in favour of the Jacobite in whofe name he infilled that the caufe. His intereft was plainly on the Chevalier Ihould haften into Britain, other fide, and he faw it. But then and that nothing but his prefence the fame weaknefs in his character was wanting to place the crown on carried him, as it would have done his head. But upon converting with his great uncle Gallon in the fame this monk at Paris, his lordfhip fays, cafe, to keep meafures with . the he eafily difcerned that he had no £ Chevalier. His double trimming fuch commiflion as he pretended to ; character prevailed on him to talk therefore he oppofed the taking any with the duke of Ormond : But it refolution upon his word, tho' he carried him no farther. I queftion was a monk; and foon after they not but he did, on this occafion, knew from the duke of Ormond what you muft have obferved many himfelf that he had never fent him. men to do. We not only endea- This example, he fays, made him p vour to impofe on the world, but cautious, and befides he could not even on ourfelves. We difguife imagine, that the fame men, who our weaknefs, and work up in our judged this attempt unripe for ex- minds an opinion, that the meafure, ecurion, unlefs fupported by re- which we fall into by the natural gular troops from France, &c. whilft . or habitual im perfection of our cha~ the king had not a fleet at fea, nor rafter, is the effecl of a princi- more than 8000 men difperfed overQ pie of prudence, or of fome other the whole iilaod, fliould now prefs for virtue. Thus the regent, who faw making it without any preparation, the duke of Ormond, becaufe he when the government of England could not refill the importunity of was on its guard, national troops Olive Trant, and who gave hopes railed, foreign forces fent for, and to Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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a i+ Abftraft of L. B.V Letter to Sir W. Windham. Miy to the duke, becaufe he can refufe Which are not prefent to my roe. no body, made himfelf believe that mory. Thkt which had the greateft it was a great drain of policy to blow weight with me, and which is, J op the hre, and to keep Britain em- think, decifive, I will mention. At broiled. I am perTuaded, that I the very time when it is pretend- do not err in judging that he thought ed, that the regent treated with the in this manner ; and here 1 fix the A duke of Ormond, on ttfe exDrefi leafon of his excluding me out of the condition that I mould know nothing commerce which he had with the of the matter, two * perfons of duke of Ormond, of his affe&ing the firft rank and greateft credit in a perfonal diflike of me, and of his court, when I made the moft pref- avoiding any correfpondehce with ling inftahces to them in favour of me upon thefe matters ; till 1 forced the Chevalier, threw out in conver- myfelf in a manner upon him, and B fatioh to me, that I fhsuld attach he could not keep me any Ion- myfelf to the duke of Orleans, that ger at a diftance without departing in my circumftances I might want from his firft principle, that of keep- him, and that he might have occa- ing meafures with every body. He flon for me. Something was in- then threw me, or let me Hide, if timated of pennons, &M eftablifh- you will, into the hands of thefe mem, arid of making my peace at - women ; and when he found that C home. I would not underiland this I preffed him hard that way too, language, becaufe I would not break be took me out of their hands, and with the people who held it : And put me back again into the proper when they faw that I would not take channel of bufinefs; where I had the hints, they ceafed tb give them. " not been long, as you will fee by Upon the Pretender's return from and by, before the fcene of amufe- Scotland about Feb. 22, 1715-16, mentwasfinihSed. D his lordfhip fa>s, he faw him the Sir John Arefkine told me, when morning after his arrival, and was he came from the firft audience that received by him with open arms. he had of his royal highnefs, that He advifcd hfm to proceed direc- Jic put him in mind of the encourage- ly to Bar, and to take pofleffion oF ment which he had given the earl his fbfmer afylum before the duke of Mar to take arms. I never heard of Lorrain had time to defire him any thing of this kind, but what E to Took out for a refidence fomii- Sir Jonn let drop to me. If the where elfe ; becaufe nothing could faft be true, y6d fee that the Scotch be more difadvantageous to him than general had been araufed by him to be obliged to pafs the Alps, or with a witnefs. The Englilh gene- to take up his refidence in the pope's ral was fo in his turn; and while territory of Avignon: Whereas by this was doing, the regent might forprizirig the duke of Lorrain, think it beft to have him td him- F they would furoilh that prince with felf Four eyes comprehend more an excufc to the king, and to the objeas than two, and I was * little eimjeror, wnfch nlight it leaf! draw better acquainted with the charac- the matter intd length, and gain ters of die people, and the irtafs time to negotiate fomft dther retreat of the country, than the duke, tho' than thSt of Avignon. This atf- thit cbutt had been at firft a ftranre vice the Pretender feemed to approve country to me in comparifoh of theG a««d him how foon he mould fbnne/ be able to follow him1, gave him An infinity of little cirenmftances commiffions for fome things, which concurred to make me foun this he defircd he (hould bring after him ; opinion, fome of which are better and in a word, flrys his lordfl)i>, felc than explained, and many of nvo • Marjbal fHuxcl/cs, mar^vis (TFjwt \ 25,009/. offered hy tkefffl.

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1753. AhfaiA tf L. B.V tetter to Sit W. Windham. 2 1 5 no Italian ever embraced the man on the whole his lordfhip makes this he was goipg tq flab with greater rejection: "'thore is nothine which tew of affection and confidence. my enemies apprehend fo much as But inftead of following this ad- my juftification : And they have vice, he continued larking at a houie reafon. But they may comfort them- near Paris, and in a day or two fehres with this reflection, that it fent the duke of Ormond with a A will be a misfortune, which will ac- mefiage in writing, fignifying, that company me to my grave, that I he had no farther occafion for his fufitred a chain of accidents to draw lordfhlp's (ervice, and defiring him me into fuch meafores and fuch com- to give up all the papers in his cuf- pany ; that I have been obliged to tody tq the duke, tho' among them defend myfelf agatnft fuch accufa- there were feveral letters from him, tions and fuch accufers ; that, by which would have (hewn the duke B aflbciatine with fo much folly, and what an opinion the Chevalier had fo much knavery, I am become the of his capacity; but thefe his lord, victim of both; that I was diftreffed {hip (ays he took care not to deliver by the former, when the , latter to the duke, but fent them after- would have been le(s grievous to me, wards bv a (afe hand to the Chevalier fince it is much better in bufmefs to bimfelf. be yoked to knaves than fools ; and His lordfhip comes at lad to Gate C that I put into their hands the means the crimes charged againft him by of loading me like the fcape-goat, the Jacobites, which he fays were with all the evil confequences of their chiefly three, id. That he had taken folly.** to his own ufe a very great fum of He then blames the conduct of the Chevalier's money. 2d, That the earl of Mar for precipitating his he never wrote or fent to him whilft countrymen into a rebellion, when he was in Scotland. And 3d. ThatD from the paper before mentioned, he flarved the war in Scotland, by dictated by htmfelf, it appears, that neglecting to fend thither arms, am- he could not but think it impoffible munition, or officers, tho* fomething to expect fuccefs, and was fenfible of each was procured and fent bv of the fatal confequences of failing others. Upon this his lordfhip tells in the attempt. And his lordfhip us, that the Pretender, with all the next tells us, that the earl of Stair falfe charity and real malice of one E had received a power to treat with who fets up for devotion, attributes him whilft he was engaged with the all his. misfortunes to my negligence. Pretender ; but did him the juftice As to the firft of thefe charges, to* believe him incapable to hearken, his lordfhip fays, he appeals to a in fuch circumftances, to any pro- very honeft gentleman, the queen's pofals of that kind ; therefore, not- treafurer at St. Ger mains, through withftanding their mutual friendfhip, whofe hands, and not through mine, F they entertained not the lead even went the very little money which indirect correfpoodence during that the Chevalier had. As to the 2d, whole time ; but that foon after- he fays, it was notorious that I fent wards the earl employed Salad in of him no lefs than five exprefles during Geneva, then at Paris, to coram un i- the fix weeks which he cdnfumed cate to him his majefty's difpofition in his expedition to Scotland. And to grant him his pardon ; whereupon as to the 3d, he fays, it cannot be they met, and the earl propofed cn- fully refuted without the mention^ tering into a tretty for reverting his of fome facts, which in my prefent attainder upon certain conditions to circumftances, it would not be very be agreed on. Upon this occafion prudent, tho* I fliould think it very he lays he opened himfelf to the lawful for me to divulge. And up. * €arl •

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2 1 6 Abftrad of L. B.'j Letter to Sir W. Windham. May ear] without referve as follows : " I the will of the Supreme Being, and told him that I looked on myfclf a fenfe of thofe obligations which to be obliged in honour and con- creatures formed to live in a mutual feience to undeceive my friends in dependance on one another lie under. England, both as to the Hate of The fpring of his whole conduct foreign affairs, as to the manage- is fear : Fear of the horns of the ment of the Jacobite intereft abroad, A devil and of the flames of hell, and as to the chara&ers of perfons ; He has been taught to believe, in every one of which points I knew that nothing but a blind fubmiffion them to be moft grofsly and moft to the church of Rome, and a dangeroufly deluded : That the ftrift adherence to all the terms of treatment I had received from the that communion, can fave him from Pretender and his adherents would thefe dangers. He has all the fuper- juftify me to the world in doing B ftition of a Capuchin ; but I found this : That if I remained in exile on him no tincTure of the religion all my life, he might be allured, of a prince. Do not imagine that that I would never more have to I loole the reins to my imagination, do with the Jacobite caufe ; and or that I write what my fentiments that if I was reftored, I fhould give dictate : I tell you limply my opinion, an effectual blow, in making that I have heard the fame defcription of apology which the Pretender has put C his character made by thofe who me under a neceflity of making: know him beft;' and I converfed That in doing this I flattered my- with very few among the Roman felf that I mould contribute fome- catholicks themfelves, who did not thing to the eftablilhment of the think him too much a Papift." king's government, and to the union That this was the cafe, his lord- of his fubjeas ; but that this was (hip fays, he foon began to appre- all the merit which 1 could promife D hend, and his apprehenlion was con- to have : That if the court believed firmed by the amendments made thefe profeffions to be fincere, a by the Pretender, or by fomebody treaty with me was unneceflary for for him, to the draught of a decla- them ; and that if they did not bfe- ration which was to be difperfed in Heve them fo, a treaty with them Great- Britain, the original of which was dangerous for me : That 1 was was drawn up by his lordlhip, but determined in this whole tranfaflion E when he faw how it was amended, to make no one ftep which I would he would not allow it to be pub- not own in the face of the world ; limed with his name to it, as it that in other circumftances it might flood in the copies that were firft be fufiicient to a& honeftly, but printed. that in a cafe as extraordinary as Several of thefe amendments he mine, it was neceffary to aft clearly, mentions particularly, and gives us and to leave no room for the leaft F his remarks upon them ; and after doubtful conftruaion." giving us a character of the two After having thus riven us the brothers, Charles and James, his fubftance of the con verfition between lordlhip adds as follows : " Now the the earl of Stair and him, which is Pretender's education has rendered confirmed by a letter in French from him infinitely lefs fit than his uncle, the earl to Mr. Craggs, his lordlhip and at leaft as unfit as his father, gives an account of the Pretender's G to be king of Great-Britain. Add religion, as follows. " His religion to this, that there is no refource in is not founded on the love of virtue his undemanding. Men of the belt andthedeteftationof vice ; on a fenfe fenfe find it hard to overcome re - of that obedience which is due to lizious prejudices, which are of all T the Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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tjsi- Abftrad 0/L.K's tetter h Sit W. Windham. 217 iheftreflgertj butheisaflavetotheweak- eiples of the meek and humble Jefut * e&. The rod hangs like the fword of have avowed a tyranny, which the moft Damocles over his bead, and he trembles barbarous conquerors never claimed. The before his mother and his prieft. What, wicked fubtllty of cafuifts has eftablifhed In the name of Go4» can any member breach 'of faith with thofe who differ mi the church of England promlfe him- from us, as a duty in opposition to faith ; fdf from fuch a character ? Are we by and murder itfelf has been made one of another revolution to return into the ^ the means of falvation. I know very fame ftate, from which we were delivered well, that the reformed churches have been by the firft ? Let us take example from the far from going thofe cruel lengths, winch Roman catholicks, who act very reafon- are authorifed by the do&rine as well as ably in refuting to fubmit to a pro tenant example of that of Rome; tho* Calvin put prince. Henry IV. had at lead as good * flaming fword on the title of a French a tide to the crown of France, as the edition of his Inftitutes, with this mono, Pretender has to ours. His religion alone J* ** Juts point vtnu metire la paix, mats flood in his way, and he had never been «j*/« : But I know likewife, that the king if he had not removed that obftacle. « difference lies in the means, and not in Shall we fubmit to a pop'ifh prince, who the aim of their policy. The church of will no more imitate Henry IV. in chang- England, the moft humane of all of them, ing his religion, than he will imitate would root out every other religion, if ic thofe mining qualities which rendered was in her power. She would not hang him the honefteft gentleman, the braved and burn; her meafures would be milder, Captain, and the greateft prince of his and therefore, perhaps, mote effectual. age ? Allow me to give a loofe to my Since then there is rhis inveterate ran- pen for a moment on this fubjecl. Ge • Q cour among chriftians, can any thing neral benevolence, and universal charity be more abfurd, than for thofe of one , leem to be eftablifhed in the gofpel as perfuafion to truft the fupreme power, the ' diftinguifhing badges of chrifti- or any part of it, to thofe of another ? anity. How it happens I cannot tell 5 Particularly, muft it not be reputed mad- but fo It is, that in all ages of the church nefs in thofe of our religion, to truft the profefibrs of chriftianity feem to have themfelves in the hands of Roman catho- been animated by a quite contrary fpirit. licks ? Muft it not be reputed impudence Whilft they were thinly fcattered over _ in a Roman cazholick to expeft that wo the world, tolerated in fome places, but ™ mould ? He, who looks upon us as he- eftablifhed no where, their zeal often reticks, as men in rebellion againft a confumed their charity. Paganifm, at lawful, nay a divine authority, and whom that time the religion by law eftablifhed, it is therefore meritorious by all forts of was infulted by many of them j the ce- ways to reduce to obedience. There are remonks were difturbed, the altars thrown many, I know, amongft them who think down. As foon as by the favour of more generoudy, and whofe morals are Coaftantine their numbers were increafed, not corrupted by that which is called re- and the reins of government were put £ ligiori : But this is the fpirit of the prieft - into their hands, they began to employ hood, in whofe fcale that fcrap of a pa- the fecular arm, riot only againft different rable, " Compel them to come in/* which religions, but againft different fee>s which they apply as they pleafe, outweighs aroie in their own religion. A man may the whole decalogue. This will be the boldly affirm, that more blood has been fpirit of every man who. is, bigot enough tlied in difputes between chriftian and to be under their direction : And fo chjiftian, than has ever been drawn from much is fufficient for my prefent purpofe.** the whole body of them in the perfections _ And his lordmip concludes this long let- of the heathen emperors, and in the con* ? ter as follows : " J have now laid before quefts of the Mahometan princes. From you even more than I intended to have faid thefe they have received quarter, but never when I took my pen j and I am perfuaded, from one another. The chriftian religion that if thefe papers ever come to your Is actually tolerated among the Mahume- hands, they will enable you to caft up the Cans, and the domes of churches and account between party and me. Till the snofques arife in the fame city. But it time of the queen's death it ftands, I ^artfl be hard to find an example, where believe, even between us. The tones mt%e fed of chriftians has tolerated ano- Q diftinguiihed me by their approbation, titer, which it was in their power to ex- and by the credit which I had amongft tirpete. They have gone farther in thefe them : and I endeavoured to diftinguida later ages : What was praQifed formerly, myfdf in their fervice, under the imme- hai been taught flnce. Perfecution has diate weight of great difcoufa*ement, feeen reduced into fyftem, and the dif. and with the na very diftaiu profpea of May, 1753, ' E a great Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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i i 8 Confederations on Tr a d e and Taxes. May great danger. Since that time the ac- Men bay goods for twto ends, fate or count is not fo even, and I dare appeal confumption. to any impartial perfon, whether my fide Men then, with refpe& to goods, may in it be that of the debtor. As to the be divided into four claffes. opinion of mankind in general, and the i. Sellers of neceffaries. a. Jailors of judgment which pofterity will pafs on fupcrfluiries. 3. Confumers of necefla- thefe matters, 1 am under no great ries. 4. Confumers of fuperfluities. concern. Suum cuique dtcui pefieritas re- * If the fir ft and fecond claffes, the fellers ptndit* of neceffaries and fuperfluities, pay taxes on their goods, they muft raife thofe From tke Londok Gazcttisr. taxes on the prices at the fales, that is, r^«tifl«i«,T.»ni^TAiti thcv muft add anificisl1 P^ces to their Confederations wT»adi^Taiii, goods f And .f the thifd ^ ^ ^ THE circulation of money within any fumers of neceffaries, pay for taxes in nation makes it neither richer nor the prices of what they buy, the labori- poorer, it is the commercial cencerns with ous part *of them muft raife thofe taxes other ftates, that chiefly increafe ordimi- B on their labour, which multiplies artifici- nim national wealth j therefore the pre- al prices on goods : Therefore, thefe three fent considerations regard foreign trade claffes mould not pay fuch taxes 4 for ar- ©nly. tificial price*, being by the definition The ftricl definition of trade is the bar- greater than natural prices, are contrary tering of goods 5 money being no more to the caufe of trade, cheapnefs of price : than pieces of goods, of known weight Confequently, taxes on goods are de - and quality, made ufe of for convenien- ftru&ive. cy j which ufe being general in this part q This leads to another very material of the world, the common idea of trade confederation, the end of taxing ; which will be, the buying and felling of goods. is to raife money : But money is got by The quantities of money current be- the means of trade, and this is decreafed tween buyers and fellers are called prices, by taxes on goods $ confequently, the and are of two forts, natural and artifi- end, raifmg of money, is decreafed alfo. «i*l- — ri here cannot be a greater defea, than Natural prices arife from three caufes. of means not fuited to their end. i. Quantity of goods ; as in corn, good If what has been faid mould prove, or bad harvefts make it cheap or dear. D that taxes raifed on the three above claffea *. Demand j as in filks, old or new pat- are deftructive ; it remains to be confi- terns are cheap or dear. 3. Plenty or dered, whether a tax on the only clafs fcarcity of money 5 as in fine wines, left, the fourth, will not be beneficial. which bear no prices in poor villages, The men of this 4th clafs are the con- but are current in rich cities. fumers of fuperfluities 5 if thefe pay 9 Artificial prices are (u per- additions to tax, the firft clafs, the fellers of neceffa- natural prices, by taxes and monopolies. ries, foap, candles, oil, iron, &c. pay it We fee trade fluctuating from one na- g Rot : Nor the fecond clafs, the fellers of -tien to another; if the caufe is demanded, fuperfluities, plate, laces, jewels, &c. the anfwer is, cheapnefs of price j and neither the third clafs, the confumers of the demonftration of it, thus attempted : neceffaries, the laborious poor. —All men want and buy fome forts of If then neither neceffaries, fuperfluities goods j with money men buy ; therefore, or labour, are at all aft'efted by this tax ; all men want money : And becaufe the it follows, that all fpecies of goods muft lefs money men part with for one want, be reduced by it to their natural prices, the more they have left for other wants, which being lefs than the artificial, muft all buyers will flock to the cheapeft fell- F be the caufe of trade ; as has been at- ers 5 therefore, cheapnefs of price is the tempted to be demonitrated j and is Ukc- ^ csufe of trade. wife agreeable to the rule laid down. From hence may be laid down an uni- This tax then caufing trade, wiU there- verfa! rule to judge of all fchemes rela- by be the caufe of money, confequently, ting to trade— Do they tend to add artifi- of an ability in the people to increafe the cial prices to goods ? Whatever pretences revenue : Therefore, a tax on the con- they are Covered with, they are deftruc- fumers of fuperfluities is beneficial. tive— Do they tend to reduce goods toG The power of every adminiflration de- their natural prices ? They are beneficial. ** pends on the good or bad ftate of the fi- Two fpecies of jaxes tried by the rule nances ; therefore, nothing deferves more will illuftrate it fufficiently. tnc ftudy and attention of minMers of Goods are of two fort;, necsflarles and ftate, than the foundation of their power, <tfupe/fiuitie#, Trah*. r' P.S. Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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*753* ^ WORLD, againft going to France. 219 P. S. Thofe gentlemen who cannot great while ; but fince we are to part for lee that the reduction of the number of ro long a time, why mould not we take traders, hy a tax on the trader, is the re- that opportunity of carrying him ourfelvet du&ion of trade ; are defired not to con- as far as Paris > The journey is nothing • flne the Turkey trade to London at pre- very little farther than to our own houfe fent, but to a ward of that city only ; in the north ; we mall fave money by it . " then to the common- council -men of a for every thing is very cheap in France 5 ward, until at laft they bring it to an al- £ »t will form the girl, who is of a right age derman. for it ; and a couple of months with a good French and dancing matter will pcr- From the WORLD, No. iS. May 3. feci her in both, and give her an air and _. M, ., . manner that may help her off in thefe T^.Fitz.Amm. day$> whcn hu(band8 are not p,cntV) e. SIR, fpecially with only 50*01. to her fortune. TConfider you as fupplemental to the Several of my acquaintance, who have law of the land. 1 take your autho- lately taken trips to Paris, have told me, rity to begin, where the power of the law B that to be fui e wc mould take this oppor- ends. The law is intended to ftop the tunity of going there. Betides, my dear, progrefs of crimes by puniftring them 5 as neither you nor I have ever been abroad, your paper feems calculated to check the this little jaunt will amufe and even im- courfe of follies by expofmg them. May prove us ; for it is the eafieft thing in you be more foccefsful in the latter than the world to get into all the beft compa* the law is in the former. ny at Paris." Upon this principle I mall lay my cafe My wife had no fooner ended hep plainly before you, and defire your pub- Q fpeech (which I eafily perceived to be lication of it as a warning to others. the refult of meditation,) than my daugh- Tho* it may feem ridiculous to many of ter exerted her little eloquence in fecond- your readers, I can allure you. Sir, that ing her mother's motion. " Ay, dear it is a very ferious one to me, notwith- papa, faid me, let us go with brother to Handing the ill- natured comfort which I Paris ; it will be the charmingeft thing in might have, of thinking it of late a very the world ; we mall fee all the neweft common one. famions there ; I (hall learn to dance of I am a gentleman of a reafonable pa- • Marfeil j in fhort, I (hall be quite ano- ternal eftate in my county, and ferve as D ther creature after it. You fee how my knight of the (hire for it. Having what coufin Kitty was improved by going to is called a very good family intereft, my Paris laft year ; I hardly knew her again election incumbered my eft ate with a when (he came back ; do, dear papa, let mortgage of only 5000I, which I have us go." not been able to clear, being obliged by a The abfurdity of the propofal ftrucfc £ood place which I have got fince, to live me at Aril, and I forefaw a thoufand ra- in town and in all the bed company, conveniences in it, tho* not half fo ma- ,9 months in the year. 1 married fuitably £ ny as I have (ince felt. However know- to my circumftanccs. My wife wanted lng, that direct contradiction, tho* fup- neither fortune, beauty nor underftand- ported by the beft arguments, was not ing. Difcretion and good humour on her the likelieft method to convert a female part, joined to good nature and good difputant ; I feemed a little to doubt, manners on mine, made us live comforta- and contented myfelf with faying, ** That Uy together for 18 years. One fon, and I was not, at firft fight at leaft, fenfibte one daughter were our only children. of the many advantages which they had We complied with cuftom in the educa- enumerated j but that on the contrary I tion of both ; my daughter learned fome F apprehended a great deal of trouble in the French and fome dancing ; my fon pafled journey, and many inconveniences in 9 years at Wcftminfter fchool in learning confequence of it. That I had not ob- only the words of two languages, long ferved many men of my age confiderably fince dead, and not yet above half reviv- improved by their travels j but that I had ed. When I took him away from fchool, lately feen many women of hers, become I. rcfolvcd to fena him diretfly abroad, very ridiculous by theirs 5 and that for having been at Oxford myfelf. My wife my daughter, as (he had not a fine for- approved of my deGgn, but tacked a pro-Q tune, I faw no neceflity of her being a pofal of her own to'it, which (he urged fine lady.** Here the girl interrupted me, With fome earneftnefs. «« My dear, faid with faying, " For that very reafon, pa- fhe, I think you do very right to fend pa, I mould be a fine lady. Being in Ceorge abroad, for I love a foreign edu- famion is often as good as being a for- ettkm, tho' J (kali not fee the poor boy a t\me ; and I have known, air, drefs, and * let *ccenV Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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120 Abfiirdity of Fngliih Families going to France. May accomplifliments (land many a woman daughter, who bad been a good deal dff- in ftead of a fortune." "Nay, to be fare, heartened by our diftrefles, recovered4 added my wife, the girl is in the right in their fpirits, and grew extremely impa- that ; and if with her figure, me gets a tient for a confultation of the iieceflafy certain air and manner, I cannot fee why tradespeople, when luckily our banket ihe may not reafonably hope to be as ad- and his lady, informed 6( our arrival,- vantageoufly married, as lady Betty Town- came to make us a vifit. He gracioufly ly, or the two Mifs Bel lairs, who had, ^ brought me 5000 livres, which he affured none of them, fuch good fortunes/* J me was not more than what would be found by all this, that the attack upon mp heceflary for our firft fetting out, as he was a concerted one, and that both my called it j while his wife was pointing Wife and daughter were ftrongly infe&ed out to mine the moil compendious me- with that migrating diftem per. which thod of {^pending three times as much, I has of late been fo epidemical in this teld him, that I hoped that fum would kingdom, and which annually carries fuch be very near fufheient for the whole time'} numbers of our private families to Paris, _ to which he anfwered coolly, " No, Sir/ to expofe themfelves there as Englitfa, and " nor fix times that fum, if you propefe, here, after they return, as French : Info- as to be fore you do, to appear here much that I am affured, that the French bonnitcment" This, I confefs, ftartled call thofe fwarms of Englim which now, tqe a good deal : and I called out to ray In a manner, over- run France, a fecond wife, «« Do you hear that, child r" She fncurfion of the Goths and Vandals. replied unmoved, " Yes, my dear ; but ' I endeavoured, as well 9% I could, to now that we are here', there is no help avert this impending folly, by delays and for it j it is but for once, upon an extras gentle perfuafions, but in vain j the at- C ordinary occafion j and one would not tacks upon me were daily repeated, and care to appear among ftrangers like fometimes enforced by tears. At laft I fcrubs." I made no anfwer to this foKd yielded, from mere good nature, te the reafoning, but refolved within myfelf to joint importunities of a wife and daugh- fhorten our ftay, and leflen our follies te* whom I loved. Not to mention the as much as I could. My banker, after love of eafe and domeftick quiet, which having charged himfelf with the care of is, much oftener than we care to own, procuring me a caroffe dt remifi and a valet the true motive of many things that we de place for the next day, which in plaid either do or omit. Englim is a hired coach, and a foot- man, ' ' My content being thus extorted, our f* invited us to pafs all the next day at hie fetting out was prefled. The journey houfe, where he aflured us that we mould Wanted no preparations j we mould find not meet with bad company. He was every thing in France. My daughter to carry me and my fon before dinner to who fpoke fome French, and my fon'S fee the publick buildings, and his lady governor who was a Swifs, were to be was to call upon my wife and daughter our interpreters upon the road $ and to carry them to the genteeleft (hops, in when we came to Paris, a French fervent order to fit them out to appear Unncte- #r two would make atteafy. ' £ ment. Tbe next morning 1 amufed my- But, as if Providence had a mind to (elf very well with feeing, while my wife punifh our folly, our whole journey was and daughter amufed themfelves dill bet- a Series of diftrefles. We had not failed ter by preparing themfelves for being feen ; a. league from Dover, before a violent till we met at dinner at our banker's, Aorm arole, in which we had like to have who, by way of fample of the excellent been loll. Nothing could equal our fetfrs company to which he was to introduce fcmt our ficknefs, which perhaps leflened us, presented to us an Irifh abhe\ and them 1 At laft we got into Calais, where «'an Irifti captain of Clare* s $ two attaint- tbe inexorable cuftom- houfe officers took f ed Scotch fugitives, and a young Scotch away half the few things which we had furgeon who ftudied midwif ry at the Hotef earned with us; ' "We hired fome chaifes. Dieu. It is true, he lamented that Sir which proved, to be old and mattered Karbottle Bumper, and Sir Clotworthy ones, and br,oke down with *js at lea$ Guzzledown with their families, whom every ten miles. Twice we were over- ne had invited to meet us, happened un- turned, and fome of us hurt, tbo* there fortunately to have been engaged to go are no bad roads in France. At length, and drink brandy at Nucilly. Tho* this the fixth day,' we got to Paris, where C company (bunds but indifferently, and Our banker had provided a very good ' tho* we mould have been very forry to lodging for us j that is, very good roomsj have kept it in London, I can aflure you; very well furni/hed, and very dirty. Here Sir, that it was the bert we kept the the great fecne opens. My wife and whole time we were at Paxil. " t\. ............ fe Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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IJ53* RJdicutous Frjiwch FASH IONS. vii In about three days the feveral mocha- raWe t but till this moment I never knew nicks, who were charged with the care that they were genteel." «' Extremely fo, of difguifing my wife and daughter, with fome complexions, faid my wife; brought home their refpe&ive parts of bet it does not fait with mine, and I this transformation, in order that they never ufe it.'* "You are much in the might appear bwr.it cm'tnt. More than the right, my dear, replied I, not to play- whole morning was employed in this with edge-tools. Leave it to the girl/* operation ; for we did not fit down to A Thi,» which perhaps was too haftily faid, dinner till near five o'clock. When my and feemed to be a fecond part of the wife and 'daughter came at It ft into the Syfigambts, was not kindly taken; my eating roprrt, where I'had waited for them wife was filenc all dinner time, and I at leaft two hours, I was fo (truck witft vainly hoped, aihamed. My daughter, their transformation, that I could neither drunk with drcfs and fixteen, kept op conceal nor exprefs my aftonifhmertt. the converfarion with herfelf, till the " Now, my dear, faid my wife, we can long-wifhed for moment of the opera appear a little like christians." " And came, which fcparated us, and left me ffcrollers too, replied I ; for fuch have I B time to reflect upon the extravaganciee feen, at Soethwark-fair, the refpeclable which I had already feen, and upon the Syfigambis, and the lovely Parifrtis. This frill greater which 1 had but too muck cannot furely be ferious !" «' Very fe- reafon to dread. rious, depend upon it, my dear, faid From this period to the time of our my wife ; and pray, by the way, what return' to England, every day produced may trtere be ridiculous in it ? No fuch fome new and Oiinine; folly, and fome Syfigambis neither, continued (he \ Betty improper expence. Would to God that is but fixteen, and you know I had her Q they had ended as they began, with oer at four and twenty.** As I found that journey! But unfortunately, we have the name of Syfigambis, carrying an idea imported them all. I no longer under- of age along with it, was ommfive to my (rand, or am underftood in my family*, Wife, I waved the parallel ; and addreffieg I hear of nothing but Ubonton. ft French - myfelf in common to my wife and daugh- valet de chambre, who I am told is an ter, I told them, " I perceived that there excellent fervant and fit for every thing* Was a painter now at Paris, who coloured is brought over to curl my wife's and much higher than Rigaulr, tho* he did-, my daughter's hair, to mount * dtjfert^ not paint near fo like $ for that 1 could ** as they call it, and occafionally to «?« hardly have guefled them to be the pic- ncunce *i/rts, A very flatternry, dirty,, teres of themfcfves." To this they both but at the feme time a very genteel French anfwered at once, " That red was not maid, is appropriated to the ufe of-my paint ; that no colour in the world wae daughter. My meat too-is ae much dif« fori but white, of which they protected guifed in the drenlng by a French cook* 'they had none?1 '* But how do you like ae my wife and daughter are by their my pompon, papa, continued my daugh- « red, their pompons, their fcraps of dirty ter? Is it not a charming one? I think*1 gauze, Atmfy fattins, and black calUcoes f it is prettier than mamma's*." " It may, not to mention their afft&ed broken Eng- child, for any thing that I know : be- llfli, and mangled French, which jumbled caufe I do not know what part of all this together compofe thdr prefent language, frippery thy pompon is.*' •• It is this, My French and Bntlifh (enrtntts quapret papa/* replied the girl, putting up her daily, and fight, for want of words to* hand to her head, and (hewing me in the abufe one another. My wife is become middle of her hair a complication of ridiculous by being translated Into French* Btreds and rags of velvets, feathers, F *** the verfion of my daeghter will, 1 and ribbands, fleck with falfe ftonee of dare fay, hinder many a worthy Englim a thou (and colours, and placed awry, gentleman front attempting to read her* M But what hart thou done to thy hair, My expence (and confeqaently my debt) child, faid I ? It is blue ! Ii that painted' increaies $ and I am made more unhappy too by the fame eminent hand that co- by follies, than moft other people are by loured thy cheeks V* "Indeed, papa, an- crimes. fwered the girl, as I told you before, ' Should you think fit to pubJKh thie there is no painting in the cafe'; but whae~, my cafe, together with some observation* gives my hair that bluimcaft is the grey Sj of your own upon it, I hope it may powder, which has always that effect, prove a ufereiPha*os» te»dcter private Beg* upon dark- coloured hair, and fets off h(b families from the confts of France, the complexion wonderfully.''" " Orty 1 am, Sir, powder, child, faid I, with fome fur- Your very hesubse fervent, fcriiel Grey bairs^I knew were vene» JLD» t ** Uf Digitized by UOOQ IC

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222 The Nature of the Bohnkn STONE. May My correTpondent (fays Mr. Fitz- ftrange load, and his attendant fweating Adam) has faid enough to caution Eng- after him. They had quitted their equi- Km gentlemen' againft carrying their page at the place where it flood, and wives and daughters to Paris ; but I (hall M— s entered, his legs knee deep in dirt, add a few words of my own to dufuade his face covered with fwcat, hi» pockets the ladies themfclves from any inclination all flicking out, and in his right hand to foch a vagary. In the firft place I allure a handkerchief filled with fome dirty them, that of all French ragouts there ^ matter, that had torn feveral holes thro* is none to which an Englishman has fo it by its weight and roughnefs. Ihtle appetite, as an Englifh lady ferved He had forgot all thoughts of delay up to him a la Francoife. Next I beg he had occasioned me, in the eameflnefs leave to inform them, that the French tafte of his heart on the occasion of it. He in beauty i> fo different from ours, that made no excufe about it j but throwing a pretty Englifh woman at Paris, inflead down Vis load, and emptying his pockets, of meeting wkh that admiration which he ordered his attendant to do the fame, her vanity hopes for, is considered only and filled the corner of the room with as a bandfcme corpfe 5 and if, to put a little » the ill-looking lumber. I had now op- life into her, fome of her companionate portunity to aflc him where he had been, friends there fhould perfuade her to lay and about what > He told me, to mount on a great deal of rouge, in Englifh called Paterno. But for what > replied 1, mount paint, fhe mull continue to wear it to Paterno is a league off: With what in- extreme old age 5 unlefs (he prefers a tent did you go ? What have you brought fpot of real yellow (the certain oonfc- back all that earth about, and what is obcncc of paint) to an artificial one of it ? I tell you, rephed he as eagerly, I ied. And, laflly, I propofe it to their q have been at mount Paterno ; and taking consideration, whether the delicacy of up one of the lumps, which was of the an En glim lady's mind may not partake bignefs of a large French walnut, he be- of the nature of fome high flavoured gin to wipe it, to blow it, and one way wines, which will not admit of being or other got it tolerably clean. There I cftrried abread, tho\ under right manage- exclaimed he, with great eagernefs and ntent, they are admirable at home. triumph, do not you know what mount Paterno is famous for producing r there Qf the Letter* faU to U xvrott from jcveral l% thc Bolonian ftone, and, before night, JParts rf Europe and the Eaft, wc grveD you (hall fee me make a phofphorus out mr Readers the lOtb, in our loft, p. \-)1 ; <£ \K% and here we have imferud the 105/ h, which f wt5 fa\\ |n tj,e farkf u yQU ^0m is as fillem : bably are, about the hiflory of all this. HAD intended to make no flay at Bo- it i8 M— e's cuftom to fuppofe every body _ logna, confequently not to have writ- as well acquainted with his favourite ten to you from thence ; but my eager ftudy as himfelf ; and, to do him juflice, attendant is often in the place of fate to if he does not find, he is always willing me, and, when I have laid the plan, dif- g to make them fo. The ftone he had put pofes very differently. The chaife was into my hand was very heavy, and i* at the door after a fhert refreshment $ but many places fparkled on the furface. It M— s was not to be found. My en- was of an irregular figure, approaching quiries after him were flopped by a per- to round, like one of the pebbles of our ibn, of whom he had an equipage and gravel t It was brown, and, where it a guide to conduit him a very little way, glittered, whitiih. 1 could not imagine and whom he had commiffloned to tell it Itfs than an ore of filver, or a richer me, as foon as I fhould mifs him, that metal. I thought, by his tranfport, as an hour would bring him back. I have r well as by the appearance, that he had been ufed to thefe unexpected flights, and found a treafure ; and imagined, when I have been ufed to have a tolerable ac- he talked of a phofphorus, that he had count of them. I love him for his un- txprefled himfelf in figures, and meant wearied afflduity and eager eameflnefs that he mould make an eclat with the fiic- in the purfuits that engrofs his whole cefs. He matched the flone out of my mind, and I generally profit by the in- band, and threw it on the hearth j it cidents more than anfwers to the un- broke, and I then faw that it was through- eaftnefs. Q out in the inner part, of the fame gloffy * It was confiderably more than his time and bright appearance, with the few before he came back. I had fettled my fparkles that appeared on its furface. I flages, and I do not know that I have was the more confirmed in my fen- been more peovUh a great while, than as timents ? You ice how natural it is to 1 was waiting and watching for him. At th* ignorant to think every rjiing gold a^igth he returned, fweating under a 4 that Digitized by VjOOQ IC I

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1753. A n*w Reverberatory FURNACE. 223 that glitters. M— $ laughed at my in- feemed a kind of religion with him, that experience, and bad me expect to fee no other metal mould come near the what, if 1 had not been detained by his matter. expedition, I never could have mere than He fweat at the powdering the ft one j heard of. We were fixed to Bologna for but he never ceafed till he had reduced the night, and he prepared with great it to a fine grey duft, and fifted it through attention and aftlduity for his experiments, a fieve. The powder was carefully put You have feen a kind of conveniences j± into a theet of paper ; fome brandy was for fire expo fed to fale about the ftreets of ordered, and the landlord's oath was London j they are made of a baked earth, taken that it was genuine. The four thick and clumfy, and confift of a hollow (fanes which had been firft cleaned were feparated into two portions by two or thrown into a bafin of this liquor, and, three pieces of an iron hoop, by way when thoroughly wetted, were rolled of bars. The upper cavity is for the over and over among the powder till charcoal, the lower for the aflies. The perfe&ly thick and covered with it. top is not even, but cut down in the Every thing thus far prepared, the char- manner of the old battlements on Oothick "coal was called for, and the fire lighted buildings. The poor people 1 believe with his own hands. He filled the whole boil the kettle for their tea on them. cavity of the lower part, partly with char- The fafhion feems to have been brought coal, and partly with half burnt cinders from Bologna j the poor people are never from the fire-place. He laid his powder- without them here, and they ferve all the cd Hones on the brafs hearth, which co- ufes of fire places. M — s foon furniih- vered the top of the lower furnace; ho ed bimlelf with a couple of thefe ; he put coals and cinders all about them, cut .down the tops a little, fo that the Q and covered them fo deep, that the upper raifed parts regularly anfwered to one part could but juft be put on. The bot- another ; he took out the grating or bars torn of this inverted furnace ferved as from that which was to be uppermoft or a dome or arched covering for the fire- inverted on the other end, and called place j and he told me there was the whole out to me to fee as good a furnace and of that famous machine, the reverberatory dome as ever the beft e laboratory of a furnace, fo celebrated in the writings of German chemift afforded. the learned. The houfe was fought over for a piece ~ The pains he had taken to prepare all of open brafs work, and by ftrange good u this merited the fuccefs of the attempt $ fortune a neglected clofet afforded one but the pains were all taken now ; the of thofe open-worked brafs flaps which preparation finifhtd itfelf. The machine we fee to the old-fafhioned grates in Eng- was fet in a chimney 5 there was a good land, and which are at this time univer- draught of air, and the fire continued fal in many parts of Germany. The to burn till the materials were confumed. Dutch women roaft chefnuts, and our M— s had proportioned their quantity to people apples on them. This was all he the operation, and gave himfelf no farther could have wifhed. He feparated the two E trouble, The procefs was performed furnaces, laid the brafs-work by way of while we were at fupper. When we rofe fecond grate on the top of the firft, and from table he took off the top 6f the ftruc- fitted again the other over it m its in- ture, blowed foftly on the brafs hearth, verted fituation. The whole apparatus to fend off the afhes, and he took very was now ready ; charcoal was procured, gently out the fqur (tones, and the procefs was deftined to be done Thefe were now of a pale colour, like in the room where we fupped. that of wood afhes ; the wetted powder I obferved to you, that the ftones in p had formed a thin cruft about them, genera], which my chemift (for after this which had baked into fome degree of expedition, I fhall always aflert M— s's firmnefs, but was cracked in a few places, title to that name) brought from the My operator prepared two boxes, with mountains had a dirty look. They had cotton in their bottoms. He ftrucfc gently get no good by the carriage, and from on the ftones, to feparate the cake of the firft had not been over delicate. He baked powder. It came off in flakes, feleeted four of the brighter t of them, This he put up in one of the boxes, co- and partly by bruming, partly by rub- vering it with more cotton 5 and the bing and blowing, made them very bright, G ftones thus cleaned of it, he put into and perfectly clean. When thefe were the other, covering them alfo with a prepared, he felected another very good quantity of the fame materials. Now, one, and making it clean in the fame faid he, they are in a condition to be car- manner, called for the brafs mortar and ried any where without injury, and peftle, which decorated the centre of fo up they were put in* hit portmanteau, too kitchen chimney, to powder it, It 1 Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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224 Experiments with the BoJonian Sf O NE. May I could not but faiile at the parade my hour, and they would then (bine, oo be- friend had made about the baking four ing brought into the dark, a* they hare pebbles 5 but J fuppofed the operation done to-night. of the furnace was what he had intended I do not know whether I mottld not to (hew me. Perhaps I am not the firft have had the curioflty to have enquired Speculative chemift, who have taken the what was to be done with the cru ft of means for the end. About an hour after thefe (tones, which he had Uken off, and all this, when I thought he was in bed, ^ preferred fo carefully ; he prevented my for he1 had fome minutes taken leave or enquiry. He took out a piece, and me, and when myfelf was preparing for throwing it in a dark corner, loon (hew- it, he came into the room with his ufual ed me that it (hone as brightly as tho carneftnefs of afpec*, and an unufual ftones tbemfelves j indeed I think more fmile of fatisfa&ion joined to it : " Come fo : But with this, he told roe, we fhoulel hither! GWe me your hand ! Come4 into have yet farther diverfion. There, waa this gallery!** He led me in the dark an Englifti maid-fervent . in the houfe, through two rooms into a long gallery, her bed-chamber was immediately over at the extremity of which I faw three B ours j M s found his way into it, f lobes of a very bright and peculiarly -co- at leaft he fuppofed he had done (b : He Mired (ire. wrote with fome paftei which he made We approached them, and my furprize out of flour and water, the terrible worda, was heightened to fee that they jUumi- " Remember death,'* in great capitals on nated all the fpace about them into a the infide of one of the bed-curtains, kind of bluifh green light, of the colour Over the wet letters be ftrewed fome of of their own flame. This was fo diftind, this cruft, which he powdered for that that I could read, by means of it, -the q purpofe in the mortar, and, when be infeription at the bottom of a print, which had done, called me up to fee the words was nung againft the wall juft over the in letters of fire. We (at up for the dif- table on which they lay. They fcemed, covery ; but fomething very different from as we came up to them, to be mattes of what we had expected happened. The burning matter of the bignefs of one's Italians are bigota, and conftquently iu- flft, covered with an undulating blue- perftitious. It happened that the room green flame 5 but nothing aftonithed me into which M s had found his way to much, as to fee the furface of the ta- was not, as he had imagined, that of the ble all about them j and to obferve, that, D maid-fervant, but of a couple of devout while they glowed in this manner, the people, who accidentally lay in the heufe. wood was not burnt. We heard them undrefs j we followed My wonder was greatly increafed, to our fcheme, by getting on the upper flairs lee M— s, foon after, take one of them near the door of the room j we heard up in his hand j he held it for fome time, two voices, and we faw the candla on * gazing at it with a wild plea fu re, and table near the bed -fide. The lady waa then put it into mine. I ftartled j but firft in bed, the £ood man was no fooner that which had not burnt him, I recol- g fet down in it, than he put out the can- leded could not bum me. He took up die. On the inftant of the extinction ap- the other two : We walked into my peared the terrible words, ehamber | but what was my aftonifhroent Thj lady fcreamed her prayers, the to find, on approaching the candle, that hufband trembled over his Ave Marias, thefe were no other than three of the The letters were abfolute fire, and. the four ftones which he had been baking, bed was not injured. The language waa and which he had affe&ed to put by, only unintelligible to thofe who (aw the to heighten the furprife of my feeing their words, and perhaps it was in' that more operation. The bignefs of which they F terrifying than if the admonition had beea had appeared was owing to the bright- underftood. The Mene tekel of the pro- neft about them. When they approached phet came into both their minds at once t the light, they (hrunk into their own They joined in one long prayer, the proper diameter again, which was about words of which we could not dlftioguifh, that of a walnut. I could fcarce believe and they jumped out of bed, and alarm- my fenfes. J carried the ftone, dead and ed the yhole houfe. We were neareft, dull as.it appeared in the light, into the and were firft in the room. M— ri took dark, again, and it flamed afrefh in myQ occafion, in their confufion, to fcjfape off hand. He put them by, and a flu red me the whole matter very clean with' hie that we (hould have an opportunity of pocket knife. The company brought amufing many people with them $ for candles $ there was nothing to be feen* that at any time they need be only laid Both hufband and wife pointed to' the in the open day-light for a quarter of an place waste .the writing bad appeared $ but # Digitized by UOOQ IC

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* 753- Mr. Wh istom^ CbaxtR&r further vindicated. 2ig but nothing but fome fmeared dirt was sge he lives in, being obliged to makt to be fecn there. M— — s kept his counfe4» powerful efforts to overcome the refiftanc* and the miracle was biased all over Bo- be is to encounter, and exafperated, for logna the next day, and we left a legion the moft part, by the acrimony of op- of priefts in the houfe at our departure. petition, too frequently ovcrfhoots the * • *• due bounds of candid equity and im- partial moderation in the warm profe* T» the PciLiSKit of tit LONDON a cution of a good caufe, and probably MAGAZINE* tranfgrefles the rules of diferetion and 1 prudence, and may perhaps even vio- 3 / *> late the mild and gentle Qrfrit of chrif- THO' I think, that the Remarks on tianity, while he earneftly labours to urge the character of the late Rev* Mr* and enforce its doctrines 5 and all this Whifton, publimed in your Magazine for may happen without a violation of his March laft, p. ii8,have(b little foundation lionefty and integrity, becaufe, like St* in truth and equity, that I could with Paul in his unconverted (late, he may del you had chofen to omit them, yetlmuft B it ignorantry, or inadvertently, not duly> thankfully acknowledge your impartiality fenfibte of his tranfgrenton at the time he in your declaration, (p. 119.) that you commits it. was ready to infert any proper anfwer Such moft be the constitution and to them j which you feemed thereby to fpirit, that can undertake the arduous call for, as being, I prefume, very ten- taflc of a nublick reformation ! And fuch* fibie yourfelf, that thole Remarks fairly in general, have the reformers in all ages admitted, if they did not require an an- been ! While perfons of more moderation forerj and I claim the benefit of that Q and diferetion, guided by a more pacifick your declaration to this letter, in which and gentle complexion, reft contented I (hall endeavour to be both fhort and with the enjoyment of their opinions in eancttd, that, while I do juftke to his private ; too timorous and too indolent memory, I may avoid giving offence to #to found the trumpet of contention, and thofa, who entertain a left favourable to engage in the perilous war of con* Opinion of him. troverfy. If the characters of the writers of con* Whatever imperfections and faults Mr* troverfy were to be taken from their an- n Whifton may be charged with, which tagonifts, who are generally too ex-*' were rather the produce of an honeft tremely fevers to mark What is amift, zeal, than the effects of any vicious prin- how few are there that will ftand forth - ciple, I muft appeal to the whole tenor tsifullied ? We find that the great and of his conduct, as giving full proof to" good archbifliop Tillodbn, fo amiable for his probity and fincerity, by the many the fweetneis of his temper, and mild- advantages, which he nobly rejected, and neft of fpirit, as well as llhiftrious for by the many fufferings, which he bravely his probity and piety, could not efcspe underwent, that he might preferve the the bitter afperfions of bis malevolent R teftimony of his confeience. opponents; how then muft men of warmer As the tree is known by its fruit, and spirits exneft to be treated ? And yet as gold is tried in fire, fo may the in- eveo in this view, in which aldne the tegrity of a man be fully afcertained by writer of the Remarks has placed Mr. the teft of >fucb trials and fuch perfecu- WhiAon's chara&er before the publick* tions, as Mr. Whifton endured, front the adverfaries of Mr. Whifton have In the Univerfity of Cambridge, from the general concurred to acknowledge his ho- Convocation, and before the Court ol nefty and fincerity, how greatly (bever » Delegates at London, to the great tri- ffiey might condemn the impetuofity of * bulation and detriment of himfelf and his temper, and the heat of his zeal. It family, and at the hazard of perpetual is the excellency of a man, to have a imprifonment, if not of his life 5 which warm heart and a coot head in the purfuit they who weU knew him, do not doubt and fervice of truth j but yet fuch is the be was ready to have given up at the impcrfeeHon of human nature, that the ftake, rather than have renounced the fame canies, which animate and invigo- fettled principles of his judgment and rate the heart, are too apt to heat and confeience. inflame the head j fo that a writer of G Let the Hiftory of his Life, let the tins complexion, with the moft Ariel chief end and motive of his numerous principles of tlifinterefted probity, under- writings, let the Unvaried and un- taxing to introduce new opinions in mat- weared courts of his aclions both in pub- tert of importance, contrary to the re • lick and private, be fairly considered ceived and eftablifted fentiments of the and weighed in the impartial balance 0/ May, 1753. J * "I*** Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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226 Mr. Whiston'j Character further vindicated. May equity by the writer of the Remarks, and It may not be improper to take notice 1 am perfuaded, that he will thence find, of a ferraon preached at Cambridge about •hat Mr. Whifton was influenced and the fame time, by a very learned perfdn, actuated by the true principles of virtue, againft the herefy of Mr. Whifton j and and piety, of benevolence and of probity j yet afterwards, upon a more deep en- and, that, tho' the warmth of his confti- quiry, be embraced the fame opinion tution, and the common frailties of human himfelf, and openly profefied it before the nature may have led lum fometimes into £ world. blameabie exceties, and unjurtifiable mif- As to the quotations from the late earl takes, yet that there is no fufhaent grounds of Nottingham's anfwer to Mr. Whifton* s to impeach his fincerity and integrity ; letter, the ftate of the cafe is plainly this, and 1 therefore beg leave to declare him, (which I fpeak upon my own knowledge, in my humble opinion, on account of as being furniihed with the controverfy on bis excellent genius, and extenfive learn- both fides) The earl accufes Mr. Whifton ing, as well as his religious and con- of miftranflations, citing authors by fcientious principles, to deferve the ap- R halves, See. Mr. Whifton, in his reply, puliation and character of a great and good * fairly owns to his lordinip, that he had man •. 1 am, SIR, translated three or four pafiages more ex- April 25, Yours, Sec. a&ly than himfelf, for which he in a very 1753. Philalxthcs. refpedful manner returns his lordlhtp thanks $ accordingly, in the next edition ITe received another Letter on the fame Sub- 0f fc$ treatife, he correcled thofe very jeel, fgned alfi Philalxthes, tho" paflages, according to the earl's tranflatU wrotf i>y a different hand. We are firry on# Qn the other flde> Mr. Whifton ive cannot wfe, ••/ it entire, it being of a cow c proves upon his lordfliip fcveral falfe Jul-rable Length j but (hull, however, fekcl translations. forte VafagcS> on Kvhich the Difpute about Ag to the chargc of 4^ authors by Mr. Wkuton *CharaSIer,as to bisSm- Mivet, leaving out and putting m what- caay ,/;«/ Loye of \ ruth, * c. which the cvcr fuited fog purpofc, highly aggravated Rem*** objeSJ to, fumi cbirfy to turn. hy fa Joidfliip ; the fingle point to be FT E R reciting and defending Mr. difcufled was this : Whether the Son and _i Whifton's opinion concerning the Holy Spirit were coeternal with the Fa- Tiinity, for which he fuffeied, this wri- _. ther. Now Mr. Whifton has very fairly ter proceeds thus : That Mr. Whifton ** collected all the paflages of fcripture and had errors and miftakes, I readily grant j the early fathers, wliich relate tothatdif* (almoil impoifible is it he ihouid be free, tind do&rine, without omitting one ; €9 countering the variery of learned enqui- that an impartial reader may fee the whole ries he was engaged in) and that he paid evidence ^rawn from fcripture and primi- too great a regard to fome book* of anti- tive antiquity on both fides, from whence quity, may be admitted : But what I in- he may be- enabled to form a right judg- fift upon is, that he was not guilty of ment of the merits of the caufe. His wilful and knavuh corruption, as the quota- £ lordfiiip's complaints are founded upon ttons referred to feem to charge lum with. Mr. Whifton' s leaving out paflages of a- As to Mr. Ibbetfon's fermou before nother nature that did not concern the the univetfity of Oxford, let any im- point in*queftion j and consequently, the partial peifuii determine, what credit is charge of unfair dealing is abfolutely due to a profeiTed adverfary, preaching in groundless, no writer being obliged, when a declamatory and furious way againit a he is profeffcdly producing paftages relat- fuppofed hcretick, at a time when the ing to one fingle point, to take notice of popular clamour ran very high againft p others that do not immediately concent d.ilcnters of all denominations, and more it. particularly againft hereticks. The preach- Whoever will be at the pains to com- er took it for granted, as thousands have pare Mr. Whifton's letter and reply with done, that Mr. Whifton was reviving an the earl's anfwer, will, I am perfuaded, odious herefy, and therefore he deferved be abundantly convinced, that Mr. Whtf- to be treated very fevercly. The fermon ton has demonftrated his integrity and I have not, and fo cannot determine _ love of truth in this very derate, n what evidence he has produced to flip- v* withftanding the pompous cbarje of port the charge of unfair practices ; but late earl of Nottingham. 1 dare venture to aftkm, by the fpecimen The letter- writer feemsto exprefs < in the letter, that it is of the fame Aamp great doubt, with regard to the humiKty, with the many angry, factious and uncha- gratitude and charity of this brave and ritable fermons, that were thundered out zealous Chriftian, upon the account of of the pulpits at that time, viz. in 17x1. the Memoirs publi(hed of himfelf and hie ' fiamd A' • See another anfwer, in our loft, /. 157, igitized by G00gk

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1 753. Translation of Lord Skit's Letter to Mr. Craggs. 227 friend Dr. Clarke. I anfwer, that the life of in our Abflraa of herd Bolingbroke** of this extraordinary man is of great ira- Later to Sir William Windham, />. ax 6.) portance to the ChriAian world 5 and I /»,/., . , am fully convinced, that the writing it Stent I-ctter, tran/kted from tbt Original himfelf did not arife from vanity or ln Fa inch. ambition, hut from a real defign to pro- SIR, mote the honour of God, and the good pYmy difpatcbes you have feen the of men. He exprefles a deep fenfe of ^ JD ftate of the negotiation ; at prefent I his own infirmities and miftakes, and am to fpeak to you of Bolingbioke in par- gives God the glory of that fervice he was ticular. I faw him at my houfe the dvf enabled to perform for the advancement after M«*. Pitt's arrival ; and we had a .*>f facred learning and true religion : He conference together for near an hour and has faid nothing of himfelf but what he an half, the fubftance of which was, That might decently do, according to the ex- he> Bolinsbroke, would moft heartily re- ample of fome of the beft men that ever turn to his duty towards his king and lived. country 5 and that nothing could make As to charity in all its branches, he on- B him alter this refolurion, even tho* hit deniably mewed his good- will to all his njajefty (hould not think it proper to grant fellow- creatures, by being perpetually en- him his pardon : That he was ready, from gaged in ufeful and publick-fpirited de« that moment, to join with me in thie figns. The charity of his afliftance rather country for the king's fervice, if 1 thought exceeded the bounds of his little income j that he could in that way be of any ufe $ he was always ready to communicate to tnat he would communicate to me every diftrefled objects, when himfelf and fami- thing that mould come to his knowledge, ly were in low and neceflitous circum- Q which might he of any fervice ;. and that fiances. he would willingly help me to all the in- With refpeet to gratitude, he exprefled formation, which he had acquired by his it upon all proper occaflons, but was in- connections here. capable of being bribed by any favours He obferved, that from his character I whatsoever, when the caufe of God and very well knew, that he never did things the demands of conference required him by halves 5 that in returning to his duty Xo exert courage and boldnefs : He has he propofed to fervc his king and country indeed treated fome great men with a n with zeal and with affection j that for feverity that appears difagreeable to can- ^ this purpofe he mould think himfelf bound did minds ; but this maybe efteemed one by all the ties of duty, of gratitude, of jnftance of his integrity. I could heartily honour, and even of interest, to inform wifh he had fpared that excellent prelate, his majefty of every thing, which his ex- bifliop Hoadley, becaufe his life and wri- perience might fuggeft to be ufeful for his tings have done extraordinary fervice in majefty's fervice, for fecuring the pub- the glorious caufe of civil and religious lick tranquillity, and for defeating any liberty 5 his plan is calculated to deftroy projects that might be (ormtd by his ma- tyranny and fuperftition, which have been E jefty's enemies ; that he would do every terrible evils in aJmoft all ages and coun- thing in his power for perfuading fuch cf tries. the tories as had embraced the caufe of Upon the whole, it may be maintained the Pretender, to return to their duty, by with truth, that Mr. Wlurton, notwith- (hewing them what fort of man the Pre- {landing fome infirmities and errors, was tender was $ and that they deceived them- one of the greattft believers, and moft felves, if they thought that fiom him they zealous Christians of the prefent age : His could have any fecurity either for theii li- inteerity and love of truth, tho* called in p berry or religion; but that for enabling him quertion by the letter- writer, mud appear to do this, it was neceflary, c\tn for the to all unprejudiced and impartial per- king's fervice, that he, Bulinghroke, fons in the cleared and rtrongert light : mould no: be oblijed to facrince his repu- He demonArated his attachment to Chri- tation, or to do any thing that might ftianity, by following the example of the make him he looked on as an informer, apeftlcs and taking up the crofs of Chrift, He infilled much upon this head, when he might have enjoyed large re- " This, faid he to me, is worthy of an venue», if he could have employed I113 honeft man, convinced of his uror, and parti and learning to fupport received G touched with a fine ere :emorfe : This is doctrines eftablimed by law. # what I (hall do openly, and in rhe face of the world j and allow me to add, that * From tie Earl of Stair, bis Majejtfs Am- this will be a real fervice, which I fhaft dor at Paris, to Jamis CtACcs, render to my king and country. But ro jun. Effi fWbicb Lifter we took Notice fubmit to betray particular pe»fom», pr to F f 2 difcover Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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«8 Account^ Mr. Toot z*s new Com ed v. Mby aViicover tbe trufts that have been repofed sir John, the father -of %Mr. Back, jtfft fn me, this would be an cvcrbiAing e- the character of a French marquis, and fides his avernon for the Pretender, he n such pretends to be Venire Buck's rival sliewed a great refentment againft France $ |n his addrefles to Lucinda. $nd I am fure that be (poke fincerery. Roger, *fquire Buck's fervent. I mould* be glad to be initruaed, as toon a rayior, peruke- maker, muAck-maf- as polTiblc, touching his roajefty's intent!- A tcr> snj dancing-mailer. cuts towards him, and as to what I may Mrs. Subtle, Subtle'* wife, a lady of jpromife him in his majefty's name, to the intrigue, otherwife a quality bawd, end that he may be in a condition to retire Lucinda, a young lady, left under the from hence, where, I fancy, • he is far care of Mr. Subtle by her deceafed father, from being at his eaie. • Sir Oilbert Worthy, who wai an intimate For my own part I freely own, that I friend of Sir John Buck's, believe he fpoke to me from the bottom rv^HE plot of the comedy is thus: 'Squire e)f his heart ; that he is refolvcd to do his g j[ Buck j^g lodged in the houfe of aitmoft towards demonftung the caufe of Mr# gubtlc, he and his wife had formed the Pretender, and even towards rooting a defign t0 get him married to Lucinda 5 Of it up, if that depended upon him j 1)Ut tficir dcfign vvz$ difcovered by Mr. *nd to me it (corns to be certain, that no ciaffick, who had wrote to the •fquire** perfon can do the Pretender fo much hurt fathcr an account of the danger his foa as he may do. ..„„.. , * was in, and dedred him to come over At the end of our difcourfe he grafped t0 Paris forthwith, to prevent it. Sir me by the hand, and faid, " My lord, if tohh accordmgly arrives and is placed by they do me the juftice to believe that my *~ ^ daffick privately in a room in Sub- ^rofeffions are finccre, the more care they ^*s j^fe y>hcre he over-hears his foo take of my reputation, the more fervice preffln_ Lucinda to go off with him to they wUl do the king. If, on the con- & married : (he fcrupling to marry him trary, they fiifpea my condud, thy wiH without hi8 fathcr's confent, and he de- be in the right to exaa conditions from cfcrhw that he would not be fo hot upon jne, which at the fame time I mall, as an marryV her, only he thought it would honeftman, have reafon to rejea. The , tJc old feW)W damnably. Upon difficulty I make to proraife too much, Jh!s6thefathcra ppears,and after threaten* may ferve as an afluranoe that I will per- D to difinherit his fon, throws fome re- frrrn what I do promife. In either cafe, proaches upon Lucinda ; whereupon (he time and the uniformity of my conduct £|lf him ^ ^ i$ ^ orphan of an will convince the world of the upright- honourable and once wealthy family, mefs ef my intentions } and it is better- whoni herfather, mifguidedby r^enikiouf jo wa* with patience for that time, Uticks brought with him, in her ear- however long it may be, than to arrive £ ft iniancy to Francc, and dying there precipitately at what we aim at, by de- ^^thed he', with the poor remnant parting from the ftreight road of honour E j^his fatttrtd fortune, to the direaion and honefty. of Mr. and Mrs. Subtle, by whom (he "Ibis letter either bad no date, or tbe pub- had been ftript of her fortune and ie- liber bat mt thought fa to giw it. ludantly compelled to aid this plot 5 bs* Jtn Account of a new Comedy of two Atls, that (he had determined never^ to we* intitled, ^ENGLISHMAN in his fon without his confent. After which, J> A R I S, written by Samuil Footb, being informed by Mr. S^JfJ^^ Efc and lately aclcd at tbe Theatre tag the daughter of *^*^"?» ii\ Covem.GarBen. F hc ^^^hat he had lo»gfoogfrt for** in vain, that me (hould find in htm a The Perfofts of the Osama, are, father, and go with him to England j Mr. Subtle, a cunning Englim rogue and then addrefflng himielf to his toss, fettled at Paris, who makes it his bufinefs he fays, I foppofc, Sir, we «fjjjwj* so get acquainted with the Englim gentle- no difficulty in pcrfuading you to accom- men that arrive, in order to recommend pany us ; it is not m France I am tobcjpe to them tradefmen, &c. with whom he for your reformation. I have no w learn «, goes macks in their extravagant profits. _ that he who tranfports a J^W^ ««* Ciaffick, a travelling tutor, vulgarly** to Paris, by way of mending ^«»- called a bear-leader, and very properly ners, only adds the vices ******* * Jailed fo in this cafe. that country to thofe of hwewn. ^^ Buck, a raw young country 'fquire, un- The following fcene^ betwe^^SntW, der the care of Mr. CliuTick, and in love $uck C^affick, *<?. wlacnu pen of «j With, tucinna, ^^ Digitized by VjOOQ iC

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*f$3* Account *f Mr. F, old Buck, Mr. Sab. No ! fquire, they are EngtilK- hey ? Cives thy paw ! And little Luqr men i Faibion hat ordained, that as yon bow fans it with 4he ? Hum ! a employ none but foreigners at hotri*, Mr. Sub. What has been the matter, you mart take up with your own country- Yquire? Your face feems a little in dema- men here, bile* Chut. It Is not in this inftanee alone* Buck. A touch of the times. oW boy! we are particular. Mr. Subtle; I have a fmall finrmim | after I was down tbo* obferved many of our pretty gentlemen, a fet of cowardly ions of— ; there is who condescend to ufe entirely their na- George and I will box any five for their tive language here. ()>utter nothing but turn. ._ bad French in the fide-boxes at home. Mr. Sub. But bow happened it ? The s Buck. Look you, Sir. as to you, and French are generally civil to ftraagers* your wife, and Mifs Lucy. I like you all Buck* Oh ! damn'd civil ( to fall seven well enough ; but the devil a good thing or eight upon three : Seven or eight l elfe have I feen fince I loft fight of Dover x Ecod we had the whole houfe upon us the men are all puppies, mincing ana at laft. dancing, and chattering and grinning i Mr. Sub. But what had yofi done ? The women a parcel of painted dolls j Buck. Done ! Why nothing at all ! But their food's fit tor hogs j and as for their Wounds ! how the powder flew about, C language, let them learn it that like it* and the monfieurs fcoured. I'll none on't 5 no nor their frippery Mr. Sub. But what offence had either neither : So here you may all march to they or you committed ? the place from whence you— Harkee I Buck. Why I was telling domine, left What are you an Engliihman ? night, Dick Daylight, Bob Breadbafket . Barber. Yes, Sir. and I were walking through one of their Buck. Domine ! Look here, what a Rues I think they call them here, they monitor the monkey has made of him- are streets in London; but they ka»«n M(- Sirrah! If your ft ring was long fucfa devilim out*of-rhe-way names for. enough, I'd do your bufinefs myfelf you things, that there is no remembering dog, to fink a bold Briton into fuch a them ; to we fee crowds of people going fneaking, fnivelling the rafcal looks Into a houfe, and comedy parted over as if had not had a piece of beef and the door $ in we trooped with the reft, pudding in his paunch thefe twenty years $ paid our cam, and fiat down on the ftagc; I'll be hanged if the rogue ha'nt been prefeotly they had a dance ; and one fed upon frogs ever fince he came over. of the young women with long hair Away with your trumpery ! trailing behind her, ftood with her back E daff. Mr. Buck, a compliance with to a rail, juft by me : Bcod what does the cuftoms of the country in which wo me t for nothing in the world but a joke, live, where neither our religion or morals at I hope for mercy, butties her locks are concerned, is a duty we owe ourfelves. to the rail ; (b when it was her turn to Mr. Sub. Befides, '(quire, Lucinda ex- figure out, foufc me napped on her back % peels that you mould uflier her to publick it was devilim comical, but they fet up places j which it would be impolfible an uproar, one whey-faced fon of a bitch, to do in that drefe. that came to loofe the woman, turned p Buck. Why not ? up his nofe, and called me She $ Ecod Mr. Sub. You'd be mobbTd. I lent him a lick in his lanthorn Jaws, Buck. Mobb'd ! I mould be glad to fee that will make hkn remember the frown that.— No! no! they ha'nt fpirit e- of old Marlborough, I warrant him 1 nough to mob here $ but come, fince thefe Another came up to fecond htm, but I fellows here are EagKm, and it is the 4ft drive at the mark, made the foup- famion, try on your fooleries, maigre rumble in the bread-baficet, and To this we mall add the following re- laid hjm fprawting $ then in poured a liloquy of Clamok's, at the end of the million of them) I was knocked downG firft ad, at containing a piece of very in .a trice ; and what happened after I good advice, know no more than you* But where is CUiT. So, Mr. Subtle, I fee your jLucy ? I'll go fee her. aim. A pretty lodging we have hit upon * OafT. Oh fye ! Ladies are treated here the millrefs a commode, and the matter wjth a little mpre ceremony ; fcfr. Subtle a — • Put who can this ward be r PpfiiWy Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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« jo A frodigious Feast by an Afchbijbop cf Ydrk. . May Poflibly the neglected punk of fome riot- tarts. At this fort, the earl of Warwick ©usmanof quality. *Tis lucky Mr. Buck's was rteward, the earl of Bedford father is arrived, or my authority would furer, the lord HaAings comptroller, with prove but an inftrfficient match for my many other noble officers j iooo fervi- pupiPs obftinacy. This mad boy ! How tors, 6a cooks, 515 fcullions. But about difficult, how difagreeable a talk have fcven years after, the king f feized on the I undertaken ? And how general, yet eftate of this archbifhop, and fent him how dangerous an*experiment is it to A prifoner into France, where he was bound eocpofe our youth, in the very fire and m chains, and died in great poverty. J[uf- fury of their blood, to all the follies and tice thus punching his former prodigality. extravagance of this fantaftiek court ? Far different was the prudent practice of &«• Account of the P o a c uain ©ur forefathers, Manufactube at Meifen, com- €tl r ♦ j * l r l r r _. monh called Deisdkn China. T hey fcornd to truck, for baft unmanly arts, J Their native plainnefs, and their bonefi hearts ; ^TPHIS manufacture is of two forta, Whenever tbey deign* d to vifit haughty France, a * painted or entrily white, fingle or ♦7W armd -with bearded dart and pointed *o«M«- It is made of earth found in the iance, country, but fufficient care is taken that Nopompout pageants htr*d their curious eye, nonc A*11 be carried out 5 tho' the qua- No charms for them bad f6p% or flattery ; litY °f thc earth, and fome pUces from Paris they knew, their fireamers wav%d *- wlience it is taken, are not abfolutely a round, fecret. It was difcovered the end of the There Britons faw a Britijh Harry crowed. ,aft century, by an apothecary's fervant. Far other views attracl our modern race, -\ ^ who imagining that he could find out Trulls, toupees, trinkets, bags, brocades and f C the fecret of making gold by a chymicai lMt . r proceis, difcovered this porcelain, for APaurtthrfirm, and a fitlitious face. J ^ch the late king Auguftus ennobled X»fe i reafjume ! refute a Gallick reign, and enriched him. It bears the fire three Nor la tbtir am win that their arm could times. The principal direaor of the never rain* fabrick is a fort of pnfoner at Meifen, about four leagues from Drefden, where An Account of a mofi extraordinary Enti*- jt i8 eftablimed. Before he is admitted tainment : Taken from an antient Re- jy mt0 thi$ truft, which is of great confe- eordin the Tower of London. A/ quence to the ftate, and benefit to him- N 1470, George Nevil, brother to the felf, he is fworn never to reveil the great earl of Warwick », at his arch- iecrets of the fabrick. It is faid, tome bifhop's palace at York, made a prodigi- perfon has been punifhed either for that or ous tea ft for the nobility, clergy and gen- endeavouring to quit the country 5 but the try 'y wherein he fpent 300 quarters of largenefs of the king's penfions to the wheat, 350 tuns of ale, 104 tuns of wine, principal workmen is, probably, the 1 pipe of fpiced wine, 80 fat oxen, 6 D great eft fecurity, by which great encou- wild bulls, 1004 ffieep, 300 hogs, 3000 ** ragement they lofe the inclination to car- calves, 3000 geefe, 2000 capons, 300 17 their art to other places, where ma- pigs, 100 peacocks, 200 cranes, 2co kids, nufacliures of porcelain, in imitation of 2000 chickens, 400O pigeons, 4000 rab- this, have been eftabhfhed, hitherto with bits, 204 bittours, 4000 ducks, 400 he- little fuccefs. The king is at the fole tons, 200 pheafants, 500 partridges, ex pence of carrying on the work of mak- 4000 woodcocks, 400 plovers, 100 cur- ing the porcelain, which is fold for hia lews, 100 quails, 1000 egrets, 200 rees, F particular benefit ; and 600 men are dairy above 400 bucks, does and roebucks, employed in the fabrick. 1056 hot venifon parties, 2000 cold veni- Table fervices of this painted porcelain, tun parties, 1000 difhes of jelly parted, for which there is no certain quantity 4000 dirties of jelly plain, 4000 cold cuf- fixed, fets for tea, coffee and chocolate, tards, 2000 hot cuftards, 300 pikes, 300 figures of the human and animal fpecies breams, 8 feals* 4 porpuffes, and 400 of * This was Richard Nevil, called alfo The ftout earl of Warwick, who lived an tba reigns of Htnry VI. and Edward IV. and bore fo great a part in the bloody contefi between tba' hanfes of York and Lancafier. He was at firfi on the fidt of the Torkijls, defeated king Hen- ry's forces in the battle of Northampton, dethroned him, and caufed Edward to, be proclaim^ and crowned king. Afterwards, upon fome difgufi, be became Edward* s enemt, depofed htm whom be had Jet up, and reftored Henry whom he bad put down 5 on account 0/ which revolu- tions, chiefly brought about by bis means, be was called Make- king, or the King- maker. Im about feven months, Edward got himfelf reftored j and the earl of Warwick was at loft fain in the battle of Barnes, fighting agatnfi Edward, on the fide of the Laneaftriaus. t This mufibt king ESward JVf I Digitized by VjOOQIC

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1753* A 0*™™ Account of the Drefden China. 231 of almoft all kinds ; fruits, flower*, vafes, compartments, are the neweft made, and jars, bafkets of Mofaick work, efcritoires, in the moft elegant tafte. cratch twizers and twizer cafes, bouquets /The breaking of any piece of Drefden for the breaft and hair for ladies, and porcelain, does not fpoil the fcts of fer- trinkets of vaft variety are painted in vices, becaufe every piece is painted in a enamel, having thrice patted the fire ; different manner, tho* the form and fize the art and beauty whereof are as much be the fame. This increases the variety, to be admired as the variety to be found £ and diminiraes the lofs of what is broke, in this fine manufacture. In any pieces which may be re- placed, and be bad of this porcelain, particular coats of arms feparately at the king's magazine, by and cyphers may be had painted, when ordering it exprefly, if if be not found befpoke. ready made* This fabrick, which brings annually Ornamental porcelain, as chandeliers, great fums of money into the country, vales, jars, human and animal figures, is daily increafing in reputation, being fruits, flowers, &c. differ alfo in price, juftly in the higheft efteem every where j in proportion to their magnitude, and and is now carried to all courts of Eu- o painting on them, and not according to rope, and all the great cities in it : the proportions of a figure, moft part Even the Turks come from Conftantino- whereof are more wanting in the defign p!e to purchafe it ; and the rareft pieces than in any other refpeS. And that that are made, are carried thither, to em- which ought to make the principal dif- bellifh the grand feignor's, and his great ference in figures, makes little or none officers houfes and feraglios, of which in the prices of this manufacture ; for they are not the leaft ornaments. one pays the fame price for thofe of equal Thefe table fervices may be had from Q fize, promifcuoufly, whatever their pro- 100 to 1000 guineas, and upwards, ac- portions be. The tingle figures about cording to the quantity of pieces, fize, ic inches high are rated from the value and nature of the painting they are com- of 16 .to ao guineas, as they happen to pofed of. Thofe moft commonly bought, have ornaments about them, and thofe are about the value of 160 to 300 guineas 5 of 5 or 6 inches about as many pounds : for this laft fum one may have a fervice, And this proportion is pretty nearly ob- when the feveral pieces are chofen with ferved in the meafures between thefe judgment, that may be deemed fine and fizes. When they exceed it, the figures elegant. The plates are from 8 millings O grow much dearer, to 24 $ the terrines, dimes, bowls,- &c. Befides this high priced porcelain, there according to their bignefs, quantity and is a (bit that has but little painting, as- a quality of the painting on them. flower or two ; another fort that is blue The fets of porcelain for tea, coffee and an^d white, infide and oetfide, and another chocolate may be had from ic to 60 that is brown without, and blue and guineas, differing like the fervjees, for white within, all very pretty in their kind, the fame reafons. There is one parti- for common ufe j and the fets for tea, cular kind, for which they will abate no- £ chocolate, coffee, and fervices for the la- thing of 100 guineas the fet: This is a ble, come reafonable. double porcelain, not made at once, but The prices of all the foregoing articles a fecond lay added to the firft form, re- are fixed, of which the king's officers in fembling a honey comb on the out fide, his magazine abate nothing $ except in which is of a pale brown colour, the the fale of fome very considerable quan- letts or cavities being all painted, as tity, they may allow fomething for break- well as the bottoms of all the infides of age. And all pieces of the new porce- the cups and dimes. This, as all other ' win, that will admit of it, are marked forts, may. be had, painted with land- ^ with two fwords in blue, croft ways, fcapes and figures, birds, infe&s, fruits, which is part of the electoral coat of flowers ; the firft being fomewhat, the arms, and the mark of this fabrick. The dearer, and the laft the beft executed 5 old porcelain, by fome, is much valued, the flowers being almoft equal to nature which has it not. in beauty and livelinefs of the colours. The porcelain entirely white, without The grounds of thefe different forts cf the leaft painting, is the moft efteemed porcelain are various, fome being painted of all, and with reafon. It is not per- on white, others on pink ; fome in com- Q mitted to be fold, but referved for the partmeots and others without. king's ufe, who makes very magnificent The fpaces bet *een thefe compartments prefents of it to foreign princes, and are fometimesof a white, yellow or pea- fometimes to his favourites 5 at leaft the green colour : When there are no com- late king did fo ; for I have f&tn fome psrtments or divifior.s at all, the whole very curious pieces in private hands, ground is generally white, with running which 1 fancy the owners would not be iowerst This foit and the pea- green in * a ' forry Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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232 Of the Volga and Gifpian Pi r at es* May lorry to exchange for money ; a commo- Vaeik and Volga, alfo tempt their vaOaJa dity full as ra-e here af the other. ^ to turn pirates \ whenever they ace warm- A mixture of this white ami painted ty purfued, or diftrefled for a (upport, porcelain makes a beaotifiil contrail on they run their veflcls awore, turn, Mahom- chimney-pieces and tables *. medans, and put themfrlvcs under the ^ » *r . j protection of the Persians, Thefe rob- Mr> Hakwat1! Atamwt of the Volga md j^. ^ : -r _ _ ._• Cafpian Pirates, with the Maimer •/ a^ their Execution. Sa theft* Pl ati. a wh3 IT was here (at Zaritaen on the Volga) ~u I had ftrft an opportunity of hearing thci tbe luftory of the Volga and Cafpian pi- #M rates, particularly of thofe who commit app Murders and robberies on thto great river. »j According to tbe fundamental law of the tytt government in Ruffia, the people are in an(i a ftate of vaflalage, and one man calls 3 cd | another his property by virtue of his pur- WC] chafe, or by a right of inheritance. Ac- rtt( cording to this law, no vaflal can leave aD(j the lands of his lord without peonifion bcil »ven, and Hgnmed by a pafi>Mt, the feut term of which feldom extends above a ^t year or two. When the time is expired, to the vaflal mult return home, no matter ^ how far off, or how great his poverty, ^ thc to renew his palfport and receive his torxTa ^ commands, unlets by any particular in- convoy. 1 neic roooers appear mostly ua dolgence, he can obtain a renewal of it thc fpring, when the banks of the Volga by writing to his friends. Thefe naff- j^g overftowed, they h*ve a greater ports are generally regiftered in the towns ftcy % ^j ciA the more easily efcape a or villages where the vaflal refides, and pUrfmt. The foldicrs who are occasionally great care is taken by the police to fee fent after them, art ordered to take Cheat this executed : By this means, and Kite- jx ^jive, from an apprehension that a sad- wife by making it neceffary to take paff- tu<ie to kill might fubjed the innocent ports before they quit the place, the po- & g^t inconveniences, through a mif- lice knows the condition and number of take which a ftrong temptation to plun- the inhabitants. A regifter is made alfo fa veoM fomctimes create in a soldier's of foreigners refiding in every place m bread, the empire, who are obliged to make a The Armenians are generally intrepid, report of themfelves and their domeilicks. an<j fight bravely in defence of their pro- Hence it comes that there is no country pcty j but the Bourlacks who navigate in the world of fuch vaft extent, where E the Volga are fo extremely intimidated by thieves and murderers can be more eafily tbefe robbers, that as foon as they appear, dfcovered, and where they arc more fre- they generally behave like men ftruck with miently apprehended. ' a panick, and even afcribe to them a* Among vaft numbers of common peo- irrefiftible power, derived from an infer* pie, it is not to be imagined, but by ac- Dal fpirit. Formerly their cuftom in thefe . cident or wilful neglect, fome of them cafes was to fall on their faces, as food will violate the law with regard to their as required by the robbers, and fuffer paflports ; and being thus rendered ob- p them to plunder at pleafure, not daring noxious to punifhment, the worft of to look up, left it mould coft them their them grow defperate 5 and though the lives. The mafter of the veffd, or the numbers of fuch perfons was much greater merchant, being thus at their mercy, is in lefs civilized times than the prefent, happy if he efcapes with his life ; tor yet many to this day turn robbers by thefe robbers have feldom any fentimenta Jand and water, chufing the great rivers of humanity to a man of a fupcrior rank; near vaft t rafts of uninhabited countries, but if he attempts to defend himfelf in. where upon occaflon they can the more ~, hopes of bringing his people to the charge, eafily efcape. The feverities of the ma- vi he may be fore, if conquered, of being tiers of fisheries near the mouths of the barbaroufly murdered. The fame coo- due* * h it with pkafure *wt can infirm the puhliek, that an undertaking of this kind is carried on in tbt great (ft perfeBion in our otvn country , jo at to emulate tbe eltgamcitf of Drefat* ST CLifia pruUin j particularly, at CLelfea and Stratford^ near this metrefllih Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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Mr. Whiti field to Count Zinzevdox*. *75S duct which thefe pirates obfcrvc on the Volga, they have been accuftomed to alfo on the Cafptan fea, but much left of late years than formerly. As their cruelties are very great, fo is the puni /foment inflicted on them when they are taken. A float is built, in fizc 233 the figures ? Where was it ever known, that the picture of the apoftle Paul, -re* presenting him handing a gentleman and lady up to the fide of Jefus Chrift, was ever introduced into the primitive love- feafb? Or do we ever hear, my lord, of incenfe, or fomething like it, bcin£ according to the number of the delin- A burnt for him, in order to perfume the quents, and a gallows erected on it, to contain a fufficient number of iron hooks, on which they are hung alive by the fibs. The float is launched Into the ftream, with labels over their heads fignifying > their crimes :' and orders are given to alt towns and villages on the borders of the river, upon pain of death, not only to afford no relief to any of Inefe wretches, but to puJh off the float, mould it land near them. Sometimes their partners in wickednefs meet them, and, if there are any figns of life, take them down, other- wife they (hoot them dead ; but if they are catehed m thefe acts of illegal mercy, they are hung up without the ceremony room before he made his entrance among the brethren ? Again, my lord, I beg leave to en- quire, whether we hear any thing in icripture of eldreffes or deaconeffes of ttoi apoftolical churches Testing themfelves before a tabic covered with artificial g flowers, a^ainft that a little altar far- grounded With wax tapers, on which flood a crofs, compofed either of mock or real diamonds, or other glitiering flones ? And yet your lordftiip muft be fenfible this was done in Fetter-lane chapel, to celebrate the birth day of Mrs. Hannah Nitfchman, the prcfent general eldrefs of your congregation ; with this addition. of a trial, as happened about S years ago. C that all the fiflers were feated in German They tell us of one of thefe mifcreants, who had the fortune to difengage himfelf from the hook, and though naked, and trembling with pain and lofs of blood, lie got amore. The firft object he faw who could afford him any relief, was a poor fiicpherd, whofe brains he beat out with • ftone, and then took his doaths. jj tne Son of Cod. caps and cloathed in white; and the or$an alfo illuminated with three pyra- mids cf wax tapers, each of which was tied with a red ribbon ; and over the head of the general eldrefs was placed her • own picture, and over that (borrefco re- ferent, fays Mr. Wbitefield) the picture of Thefe malefactors fometlmes hang thus throe, four, and feme five days alive. Hie pain generally produces a raging fe- Ver, In which they utter the moft horrid Imprecations, and implore the relief of water, or other fraall fiquars. The feeond Platx reprefents the cm- cities exereHed on the rebels in Perfia, E which confided in cutting out eyes, be- beading *nd burning alive, with feveral marks of indignity, as fpitting in the face, cutting off the beard, beating with sticks, Ac. BxtmFitfrm Afr. WaiTirntD^J Expof- culatory Letter to Count Zinsxkdorf, F the Heaipf tbe Moravians. PRAY, my lord, what inflances have we of the firft dxrhtians walking round the graves of their deceafed friends on Barter- day, attended with hautboys, trumpets, French- horns, violins, and o- fher kinds of mufical inftruments. ? Or A like fcene to this was exhibited by the Angle brethren in a room of their houfe at Hattdn-gardcn * The floor was covered with fand and mofs, and in the middle of it was paved a ftar of different coloured pebbles ; upon that was placed a gilded dove, which Routed water out of its moutji |hto a veffel prepared for its reception, which was curioufly .decked with artificial leaves and flags. The room was hung with mofs and fhells: The count, his fon, and fon-in-law, in honour of whom all this was done, with Mrs. Han- nah Nitfchman and Mr. Peter Boebler, and fome others were prefent. Thefe were feated imder an akove, fupported by "olumns made Of pafleboard j and over their heads were painted an oval, in imitation of marble, containing the cyphers of count Zinzendorf's family. Upon a fide -table was a little altar cover- ed with fhells : and on each fide the altar was a bloody heart, out of, or near which proceeded flames. The room was illu- minated with wax tapers, and muficians G_., „.- ... ......... ._ . . IllipfllVW TTIVII TW€k/\ M|»lfy «ll« I1IUIIVI«III9 ~.~.,. .„... „«»..«, .„«.» «.«....w — placed in an adjacent appartment, while of pictures of particular perfons being brought into the firft chrifhan affemblies, and of candles being placed behind them, hi order *o give a franfpajren* ▼*** °* tho company performed their devotions, and regaled tbenafelves with fweet-mcata, coffee, tea, and wine* 6f But Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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'$34 Mr. White*ield to Count Zjnzendorf. May But this is not all. I have another quef- Jus eftate of above 400I. a year, and $ion to propofe to your lord(hip.i~Pray, went, or was fent off, to France* my lord, did any of the apeftlesor leaders Mr. Rhodes was of mean birth and oc-r of the primitive churches ever u(urp an cupttion (Mr. Whitefield tells us) but, authority, net only over peoples confei- upon the unexpected falling of many lives, ences, but properties alfo; or draw in became fuddenly poOeflfed df an eflate of the members of their refpe&ive congre- above 400I. a year 5 and to fervc the bre* gations to difpofe of whole patrimonies ^ ^bren, after many importunities, he was in- at once, or to be bound for thoufands duced to difpofe of it. Mr. Lee the banker more than they knew in their own con- pure ha fed it, and Mefl". Freeman ancj fciences they were worth ? And yet, your Grace received 6000I. of the money to- lord (hip knows, this has been done again wards what was due to them. Betide*} and again, in order to ferve the brethren this, Mr. Rhodes was bound for manjr for feveral ye^rs lad part ; and that too thoufands more. This made bun very at, or very near (he time, when in order uneafy, and fearing the confequence, he to procure an aci in their favour to go ~ one afternoon) about ten weeks ago, ftole abroad (which now appears ta be rather » an interview with two Angle brethren, a fcheme to fettle at home) they boafted and befeeched them for ChrinVs fake ta to an EogliLh parliament how irnmenfly let him have 251. for the payment of which rich they were, he- left them his watch, bureau, horfe Your lordrttip cannot but be fen^ble, and faddle. He then took his leave, fey* that at this prefent time you (land in- ing, in all probability he mould never debted to fundry perfons to the value of fee them any more ; and having nothing 40,0001. fterling ; and unlefs fome of to fpare to leave behind for his poor mo- your brethern had agreed to (lay fix years C ther (who is fince dead) was, content to for about ao,oool. due to them (tho' after fend her a few parting linos. Since he the expiration of that term, as they have has been gone, the horfe, watch, bureau^ no fccurity, in all probability they will and faddle were fold for 27L js. fo that be juft where they are now) and if the the young man has the balance in bank. creditors alfo, upon confideration of fome The following very Angular expedient bonds given, and mortgages made for prin- was made ufe of. by one of the brethren* eipal and intereft, had not agreed to toy bifhops, in order to (trengtben the faith, four years for 2i,ooch more, many of r^and to raife the drooping fpiriu of Mr. tfoe poor Englifh brethren,* who, out of ^William Bell, who hath been unhappily i 'k now not what kind of infatuation, drawn in, with feveral others, to be one have not only given their all, but have of their agents. On Mr. BelPs .birth -day been bound for thoufands more than they he was fent for from his houfe in Nevil's- are able to pay, muft either have im- alley, Fetter- lane, and introduced into i mediately become bankrupts, and there- hall, in the fame alley, where was placed by the creditors perhaps not have had a an artificial mountain, which, uponfing- fhilli"* in the pound ; or have been o- ing a particular verfe, was made to faty bliged to (hut up their fliops, go to prifon, E down, and then behind it was difcovered 6r be turned out into the wide world, an illumination, reprefenting Jefus Chrift to the utter ruin of themfclves arid fa- and Mr. Bell, fitting very near or em- inilics. bracing each other 5 and out of the clouiLs The diftrefs and anguifh of mind, that was alfo reprefented plenty of money fal(- hundreds have been involved in upon this ing round Mr. Bell and the Saviour. Very account, i$, I believe, unfpeakable. «< Thefe are but a few inftances, my ^ho, but themfelves, my lord, can tell Jord (continues Mr. Whitefield) amongft the late perplexity of their minds, who p many, indeed too too many, that might have been already arretted, or obliged be given. The brethrens agents, and to break off their refpeclive partner/hips ? thofe concerned with them can beft tall Or what words can exprefs the great con- what horrid equivocations, untruths, and cern Mr. T. and Mr. T. G. in Throgmor- low artifices have been made nfe of to ton ftreet, mwft have been neccflariJy un- procure money at high jntereft, where)- der, when they found that bills had been ever it was to be had, in order to keep drawn in their name, unknown to them, up the brethrens credit in that poor laroe to the value of 48,0001. And how pitiful, manner, it hath been kept up a confi- Thy lord, muft the prefent circumftances G derable time. Were the whole fcene %o of young; Mr. Rhodes be, who, to flop be opened, I believe every one would be a little of the abqvementioned gap, was of opinion, that fuch an ecclefiaflical pro- prevailed on, your lordmip knows by jeel never was heard of before in any pajrt ^hom, about 18 months ago, jo fell of his majeft y's dominion*." Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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A N E W S O N G. 235 Sung by Mru A.RNE in /^Judgment of Paris. ^■jJ^jJI^Ntf^fTi^W Nature framed thee fare for loving, Thus adorn'd with ev-cr- y grace, Venus felt* thy form ap-

prrKr proving, Looks with pleafore, with pleafure, -qui in 1 rffrr!T Looks- with ff^^jjig^fflf^^^^ pleafure on thy face, Looks with plea- Happy nymph that (hall enfold thee, ' Circled in her yielding arms j Shou'd brleht Helen once behold thee, ' She'd farrender alllier charms. 3- * Gentle Jhepherd, if my pleading Can from thee the prixe obtain, Love himfelf thy conqucft aiding, Thou that matchlefs fair (halt gain. BIRTH- DAY. SHALL this day unheeded fly, And like vulgar days pafs by ? IXiIl as tho* I be, Slaall it pafs unfung by me ? No, when I this day forget, May I (hare that poet's fate ! Singing what is daily fatd, ' .Rhyming what is never read. Now for bleflings, fuch as eafe, Jtytallh tn4/oy, lon$ life and peace. Pray we next— for poets may Sure, as well as prole folks, pray— • And as this day rolls around, May you ftill be perfect found : Still, in virtue's noble race, Prefling for the forcmoft place $ Scorning all that's low, or lewd. Daring to be grekt and good : Till your race of life is done, And the glorious meed your own j Such as angels now receive, Such as heav'n alone can give. . Digitized by VjOOQLC

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2j& Poetical Essays M MAf, 1753. A New MINUET. H,Efr-^rt-ft+iim - if r r I Poetical Ess a ye •a tit KiKfc'i /war Cha*lai* *w*g unftrvxdcdfcr* .; STILL, flill a plain doclor, and nor yet a dean, * [claim ! A title, to. which yon hare long had a The firft, a mere phantom, quite megre and lean, [to your fame • If it fills not your purfe, while it add* Yet to pay you for all the fine things you> , have wrote, [play* I In profe and in verfe— odes, fatires, and Tho* a throne with his prelates the king lias forgot, [hays. Apollo ne'er once has refus46> you the On cuftuonfr of down, you preach and you pray, {htarj Have peers to admire you, and prineerto Which in aM folks opinion is much better pay [dredayear) Than a feat at St. Paul's with five hon- Can you think, my good friend, the pre- heminence fraall [at cafe > In your rich elbow* chair to fit balking Your brothers below you, to carve before all, [you pleafe ? Tocbufe your own dimes, and cut where What tho* like a leech to old Wellwin you fHck, [to rife 5 From a haunch, or a ham, or*a turbot And to claim the firft (lice of a pheafant or chick, [mitre your prize. U the moil you could with, weie a in M AY, 1753. Your ofTrhigs at Rafter, yew tithes at firry, [snntton or veal. With a joint now and then of plain Is enough in all reafon your beard to fup- pry, [meal. Who can** but a pudding and egg at a Afmiforroma king, and a bow from a peer, Is *mre a reward that intrft royally pay, For a journey to court, and two fermone* a year, [and hay ! And rmd your black pad m oates, litter then banifh all thoughts of resigning your place, {and renown \ Which adorns yen at once with a fcarf And if twenty years longer yon chufc ta lay grace, [end gown. You may earn half the price of a caflock K then you e'er hope a ftep higher to rife. In your palace at Winton, or Sarum o> •dwell, [neve^fiirprise When you preach at St. James's, oh I Or frighten folks ears, with the men- tionofhelL Tho' they Alum's their cards, and they rattle their dice -{tfreir knees. Each Sunday, when others-are ^fowst on> Court chaplains Jheuld ne'er be fo rude and fo- nice, [frailties as then?. To exclude them from bttfc for (ucb You muft fix, while yon live, their role heaven upon earth, [ball j In a drum, or a rout, at a mafic or a And entitled to blifs, by their Mood and their birth, [radife all* When ejtad you snuft fend them to pa* You* "Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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PfttUal Essays fc MAY, 1755." 237 Your audience are courtiers, tine ladies and peers, (their part* 5 Renown'd for their titles or fam'd for And frf yon ted periods to tickle their cm, [their hearts. Ne'er mind the odd cuftom of mending if (he rices is Camion your fermon ar- raigns, x Yon make half /oar audience that hear you your foes 5 (your pains, And tho' two white fleeves you expedl for You mull live on content with your beaver and rofe. A gain ft your own intereft you foolimly Aght [your pulpit or pew, When you blab out bold truths, from And fir'd at your freedom, enrage evesy knight, If his ribbon k red, or his farter is blue. Let your merit be lighted, yet ne'er be perpfext, [pofleft j Of more than enough if you still are four guineas each Sunday you nave for a text, [are unhleft. And the fault is your own, if you Hill Tho' a mitre yon inks, yet you ftill have a mufe, [fawn } Toe upright to flatter, too honefl to And a genius like yours, much fooner mould chute [with the lawn. To be cnawn'd with a laurel than grae'd Tkcn in (hades and retirement your mo- ments employ, [muft look 3 Where all the wife few for contentment And whatever your fancy, 'twill give you more joy, ja duke. To fup with a yeoman than dine with A chop once a day, and your pint at a meal, [petite lacks 5 Will feaft you with all that your ap- aVAuch better than feeding on widgeon and teal, . [atPontacks. Too' fwimmiug in Cauce, and ftrv'd op If your church is but (mall, and your hearers but few, [of the bell, When you tie on your band at the found Tho" you boaft of no verger to open your pew [weB ! Your dark, or your fexton will do it as With velvet, gold toflells your cufliion a- dom'a, [difplay ; Ifutt greatly afflft you, your parts to And furelyno preacher can ever be fcom'd, Haranguing his flock from a pulpit fo Kc4onger front bHfs by your vanity drawn, Cafi reafon and prudence and books to your aid 5 [lawn, The parfon indeed may be plea$*d with the But the mufe is delighted much more with the made. In your ftudy at five, on your nag juft at feven, [mix. While reading and leifurc you learnedly By thefe helps you may fooner be car- ry'd to heaven, [dau and fia. Than thole who mount up In a Ian- While half the wild world grows mad with the crowd, \yow hall | You think in your grotto, or mufe ha And foorning vain mortals, of coronets proud, [them all. Keep clofein your clofet, m4 laugh at T$ Mrfi L— — , M ber Butx-Dat, April ac, O. S. ALL nature now looks blith and cay. The birds are warbling, lambkins pky, The trees new leaves and bloflbms brings And meadows feem to laugh and fing. Joyful this happy day to fee, And compliment my dear Mift L— . When all things round him thus confrii*+ Can Strepbon titently admire * Not Let me pay mfpect. that's due, And 1*11 invoke no mufe but yon* AH converfatlon with the nine, , To poets laureat I refign. Parnaftiis 1 ne'er dreamt upon, Nor on the top of Helicon, Nor tailed of that famous fpring £ That I ihouW like the poets fog. But fince fo many now you fee, Write verfe, no* more infpirM than me $ Pray let me, at this joyful time, Try to exprefs my thoughts4n rhyme 1 - Tho' fearful, in my humble lays, To leflen with unequal praife Your matchlefs worth, and virtues cars, Confplcuous as your beauties are. Your eyes fo charming, (perkling bright, Like (tars add luftre to the night. I might proceed to fhapc, and air. Complexion, neck, hands, arms, and Jaajrt They're all perfection* in their kind s But then the beauties of your mind. Occur ib fall I that I'm diftreft'd To know which I mould mention firft. So Phyllis to the garden goes To pluck a lily, or a rofe, The great variety foe meets, Diftracls her in the midlt of fweetfc Without or paint, Or art t'adorn. You bloom like GlaAenburj-j(hnrn« No feature in your face appears. To (hew how you're advane'd in jnetcs* Why then mou'd you uke pains to tett What nature has conceal'd fo well I Your merit ne'er can be forgot, If birth- day's folemniz'd or not. Wou'd you but drop it for a while, *Twou'<f be forgot by change of ftyle» It is in April, mou'd one fay, 1 beg your pardon, 'tis in. May, * Hot Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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*3? Poetical Essays «MAY, *755* Not chat I think it a reflection, T© have a healthy fine complexion At fifty, to be briOc and jolly, From vapours free and melancholy j I rather think* t a commendation, Sign of your care ana moderation. For my affections, like good wine, Are ftronger grown by length of time. To me you ftill more charming grow, Fairer than forty years ago. But peoples fancies will be various, For all men are not antiquaries. -Still may new years new luftre give To all your charms j long may you live j Till fcarce one* 8 left that can remember If born in April or December. Way you enjoy unto the lad Each day more happy than the pad, And kindly hear the wifhes fervent Of your obedient humble fervant. Philajlchaios. tints wrote Extempore by a Gentleman to bit Fax end, on bearing be bad left England with a Defign to vifit tbe Qity of Herculaneum *. TRUST not again fo foon a foreign (hore, [no more. Your health's retunTd, nature can add Her lavifli hand has dealt you every grace, The eafy manner, the engaging face $ > Your form high fintfh'd by her hand di- vine, [thine : The graceful air, and gentled looks are Nor dopt fhe here beneficent and kind, "With all her (kill and care me form'd your mind, [guile, Cave you gopd nature, baniuVd art and And o're your face dUfus'd th' obliging . fmilc: [whole, ■ Plcas'd with her work, and perfecting the With love of virtue, then me fir'd your foul : [guife, Sincere your heart, above all mean dif- Speaks in your words, or more exprefiive eyes : Your tongue is eloquent In honour's caufe, Your actions guided by her drifted laws j Your fenfe refin'd, from affectation free, Or the dull rules of awkard pedantry : Your conversation Aire to entertain, Polite, not trifling; chearful, but not vain : [friendship glows, Your heaven- born foul with generous And feels companion for a Granger's woes. Say why you go, why leave your native home, [done ? To vifit burning mounts, and antique Friends, confcious of your worth, your abfcnco mourn, And joylefs wait, till you again return, To hail you welcome to Britannia's land, With pleasure view you, with attention (land, [been fhown, While in fweet founds you tell what 1ms Of a fad city, and the well wrought marble done; Or what in Italy gave mod delight, And pleas* d th* inquiring traveller's curi- ous fight ; Where mufick, painting, fculpture, all confpire To charm each fenfe, and gratify defire. Blowfoft, ye winds, unruffled as his foul, Be fmooth, ye feas, nor let your billows row! 5 •Guard him, yefacred powers, from foreign harms, And fafe conduct, him to a parent's arms* LOVE, AnOvz. i. r>INCE Peggy's charms, divinely fair, 0 Have pour'd their ludre on my head. Ten thoufand pangs my bofom tear, And ev'ry fibre feels the fmart. If fuch the mournful moments prove, Ah ! who wou*d give his heart \o love i a. 1 meet my fonded friend with pain, Tho* friendship us'd to warm my foul s Wine's gen'rous fpirit flames in vain, I find no cordial in the bowl. If fuch the mournful moments prove, Ah ! who would give his heart to love t 3- Tho* nature's volume open lies, Which once with wonder I have read ; No glories tremble from the flcies, No beauties o'er the earth are fpread. If fuch the mournful moments prove, Ah ! who would give his heart to love ? 4- Ev'n poetry's ambrofial dews With joy no longer feed my mind, To beauty, mufick, and the mufe, My foul is dumb, and deaf, and Wind. Tho* fuch the mournful moments prove, .Alas ! I give my heart to love. Bat (hould the yielding virgin fmile, Drefs'd in her fpotlefs marriage robes, I'd look on dirones and crowns as vile, ' The mader of two fairer globes. If fuch the rapt'rous moments prove? O let me give my heart to love. «. 6. The bufineft of my future days, My ev'ry thought, my ev'ry pray'r, Shouid be employ1 d to fing her praife, Or fent to hrav'n, alone for her. If fuch the rapt'rous moments prove, O let me give my heart to love. V • Svvalfawcd up hy an earthquake 1600 Start ago, where fever at atrioptiet and fine fix* *f antiquity bavc been lately found under ground* (See our Magazine fir 1750, p, 545. ) Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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Poetical Essays in MAY, 175^ " Poets mould wonder at my love ; Her charms mould painterscrowdtofeej And when they would the paffions move, Should copy her and think of me. If fuch the rapturous moments prove, O let me give my heart to love. *• Old age fhould burn as bright as youth, No refpite to our paflion given. Then mingled in one flame of truth, We'd fcorn the earth, and (bar toheaVn. If fuch the rapt'rous moments prove, O let us give our hearts to love. t w» A View •/ LIFE. LOOK well, my friend, o'er life's a- mazing fcene i [reign : O'er the world's ftage,how wild its tumults Behold the place, where meets each wanton gueft, Dcft \ Flows the wide bowl, and rings the empty Whence fober modefty with blufhes flies, 4nd juflice frowning claims again her fkies : Here link'd in vileft chains of fin agree The modern wit, and hell- bred debauchee \ Vile daring oaths difgrace fair virtue's rules, And pure religion is the mock of fools. There thick with blood rafh murder points the blade, f [mad. Rich gluttons furfeit, and the drunkard's Turn round the eye, the wid'ning fcene behold, A mifer hovers o'er his bags of gold : To pompous tools yon cringing flatterers bend : .1 On pride elate a tboufand flaves attend t l*oofe in her garb a wanton's arts appear, And, ah ! too many feel the deadly (hare 5 In revels loft the wild adulterer lies, Groans out a life, and funk in ruin dies. Pale in her look, lo, where fad envy (lands, [ftain'd hands : And frowning malice waves her blood - aience fcandal flies, and where (he takes her aim, [honeft name. Throws the fwift dart, and wounds each There filent merit conftant vigils keeps, Pragg'd thro' the world, and loft in fecret weeps; * [chain, Near her dear friendfhip feels the heavy And reputation bleeds at every vein. Thrice happy he (few fuch, alas I are found) [around j Who walks ferene, and views the ftorm Bleft in reflection (ilent treads the more, Calm, tho' wild billows lafli, rough tor- rents roar j [toil, And when retir'd, fafe from each worldly Can talk with Tully, or converfe with 1 Boyle j ;239 Then ravim'd thought breaks thro' the bonds of night, fiefs light ; Burfts o'er the ftars and dweHs in bound- Calm when he looks upon a bed of deattfe Calm in the hour he yields his fluttering breath f [monsdue, Calm .when his God fends nature's. funs- Then turns, and (miling bids the world adieu. [is giv^ Then finks to reft, the foul's great cbargp And guarding angels waft it into heavVu OrjIstbs* M O D E of Hot AC! imitatdU Otitnn divos, &*• TofcW WARBURTON. WHEN glory Warbqrton detainM On barren rocks in frozen climes, Did not his native foil intrude A tender with ? For eafe the harrafs'd failor prays, And the fcofch'd youth in burning Ind# Which fond ambition never yet Was known to give* Nor honours nor appointments largo » Can the fell tumults of the mind Remove, and cares that always wait On high command. Why croud we with prefumptuoun views Our fpan of life ? why climates change ? What wretched exile ever could Himfelfcftape? Fell care afcends the gilded (hips And fearches all the ranks of war, More piercing than the bleak north-eaJt Tearing the clouds. Yet think not thy brave labours loft, Cape Breton's dreadful fogs improve The charms of Winnington, and raife. Thy future joys. Unruffled you, in every clime 5 A virtuous mind is its own place ; With felf applaufe each ev'ning biefs'd. "TodavPvehVd." To morrow whether heav'n difpenfc Sun- (nine or clouds, in all events The pleafures of a well fpent life Are quite your own. FlIlNPiHl? interrupted by T R X T £, 1 S, refiored ami encreafed iy Reason. 0c- cajmedby a Difference between T w Y a S I S and Damon, Jinee happily ended, NATURE and friend/hip held in love fmcere, Thyrfis and Damon, to each other dear : Not Albion's lands could boaft her happier fwains [ifle contains t Than thefe, which Vela's \ beauteous But •fnr*itu Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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Pntical Eisays in MAY, 1753* Their true, unfeign'd regards /hall hence encreafing be, Thro* eath revolving year, and aM eternity* 24O %at at the fun, retblgent globe of light. By mlfta oMboVd, nay Aine more dimly bright; Or try feme faWt eloud its Ivftre veird, Lie hid in davkneft from the world eon* eeaTdi Soe very joy whidi mortals here can know, fa damp'd by iotrow, or it mixM with } entire, from all aflaults feeure, Co no one*§ granted, no one can eafore. Uogovern'd pafiona to (*ob heights will rife, Chat friend(hip*s felf oft falts a (aerifies t A fire is kindled in the human bread* | eBy* words mifconftru'd or a Ample jeft ; > As (bme one relifh often fpoils a fcaft : 3 Thus fportful, friflcing on the funny green, Two. lambkins loving are not fcidom feenj Off from the flock they to a diftance flray, And all a battle reprefent in play j Till (bme unlucky thrults roufe up their rage* Pretence is gone, in earned they engage. Tbofe, whom (he fung, the Mufe remo- tant fees Differ for caufes trivial as thefe f Abd full of anguUh, fighing and alone, Fours out her deep-felt melancholy moans «« Where dwelt their mutual fondnefs in that hour f no more ? when Jove took leave, and kindnefs now Alas t no more, in focial converge join'd, Shall they paruke the rapture-of the mind? Placid content, (hall fell diffeuft fucceed, And vexing difcord make enjoyment bleed? Forbid it, heaven ! and to them gracious - deign Their ftriel agreeing harmony again 1 All jarring thoughts at utmoft diftance keep And bid the former in oblivion Deep !** As thus diftblv'd in fympathy (he lay, A veice diftindly faid (ox feem'd to fay) " Dry up thofe tears, W trickling down witn grief, I oome to minifter the fought relief: Riafin my name, from me for ever fprings that lenient balm, which draws" affliction's fting* : Their fouls, receptive of my aid, 1*11 fill, And all my gentled precepts there inftill § Thefe firmly rooted, certain mall create A Weft reunion, ever fixt as fate.*' She faid— prophetick, boldly then I dare The future happy as the part declare, Or as, when roaring ftorms their fury ceafe, [p«»c«t And Neptune (miles his thunder into Smoothly ferene, and calmer flow the feas, [ning pow'r, The failor, fafe from their late threat Feels joy tranfportive, never known be fore j } He* acs, Ode XHI. Botk I. ty JO.H, Vitd* btiaadn me Jtmitis> Cbke, !• TELL me, Hamifta, tell me why Thou daft from tuen that loves the* ran? Why from his fond embraces fly, And all his kind endearments (hun } i. So thro' the rocks, or dewy lawn, With plaintive cries, its dam to find, Files wing'd with fear the youngling fawn And trembles at each breath of wind. Ah ! flop thy flight, why monldft thou fly> What canft thou in a lover fear * No angry boar, nor lion I Purfue thy tender limbs to tear. v 4* Ceafe then, dear wiWneft, ceafe to toy> But hafte all rivals to outthine, And grown mature, and ripe for joy. Leave mama's arms, and come to mine. SONG. BytbtCame. YE (hepherds and nymphs that adorn the gay plain, [my ftrain j Approach from your fports, and attend to Amongft all your number a lover fo true, Was ne'er fo undone, with fuch blifs in his view. [mine t Was ever a nymph fo hard-hearted as She knows me fiaccre, and me fees how I pine 5 [her wrath, She doe! not difdain me, nor frown in But calmly and mildly reflgns me to death. She calls me her friend, but her lover denies ; [my ftghs. She fmiles when Tmehearful but hears not A bofom fo flinty, fo gentle an air, Infpires me with hope, and yet bids me defpair ! [tears x I fall at her feet and implore her witkj •Her anfwer confounds, while her manner endears $ When foftly jhe tells me to hope no relief, My trembling lips blefs her in foite of my grief. [with care. By night, while I (lumber, (till haunted I ftart up in anguifh, and figh for the fain The fair deeps in peace, may me ever do fo! And only when dreaming imagine my woe. Then gaxe at a diftance, nor farther afpire { [admire ; Nor think (he mould love, whom fne cannot Hu(h all thy complaining, and dying her (lave, [grave. Comspend her to heaven, aqd thyfetf to trie Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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THE Monthly Chronologer. IN April *8, governor Trelawney, Ute gover- nor of Jamaica, and his lady, arrived in town from the file of Wight, where they Were with » great difficulty put on more from on board the Aflurance man of war, which was loft off the Needles ; but the officers, crew and paflengers were all raved. On the 30th, a fire happened at the town of Tarvin in Chefhire, which burnt down above 40 dwelling- houfes, befldes barns and other out buildings, with fe- deral flacks of corn and hay. Toesoay, May 1. The facred oratorio, called the Mefllab, was performed at the chapel belonging to the Foundling- hofpital, under the direc- tion of George Frederick Handd, Efq; Hie eompofer of that fokmn piece of muflck, for the benefit of that noble cha- sfty ; there were above 800 coaches and chairs, and the tickets amounted to ^25 guineas. Fa»AY, 4. The grand jury came into court at the Old Bailey, and brought the four bills in, not found, viz. Canning's, and the three Abbotfbury mens, devil's, Clark's, and Cibbon's. Sunday, 6. William Smith was brought to the caftfe *f York, on rofpicion 0? poifoning his father* in- law, Thomas Harper, a farmer at Jngleby manor, near Stokefley, his fen and daughter, the maid -fervant and « butcher, by putting arfenick into fome flour, of which a cake was made, accord- ing 10 the cuftom of the country, for their dinner on Good- Friday. The three Aril died, and Smith at laft confefled the ex- ecrable &a. MOKDAT, 7. The ftffions ended at the Old Bailey, when the eight following malefe&ors received fentence of death, viz. Charles Weaie, for AeaKng a mare ; George Ro- binfon, for robbing Mr. James Holland of a hat and v/ig in Goodman's-fields j Daniel Tagg, for fteaKng a mare, a lamb, a fiddle and a bridle 5 David Berkley, lor fVeahng goods and money m a dwell- tug houfe ; Thomas Morris, for dealing a* gelding j Thomas Tones, alias Ruffle Jones, for fbrcrngaetfpublifliing a falfe order for the delivery of good? : Nicholas Lawrence for a highway robbery; and J6hn Fifh, for robbing Thomas Laiupley, in Dark houfe- lane* May, 1751? ThussOav, 10. Wae held the annual feaft of the font of the clergy at merchant- taylors hall. The collodions at St. Pant's on the re- herfal and feaft days, and at the hall, amounted to 10521. r is. . A phUofophical account, comrrmmca- ted to Mr. Bond, was read before the Royal Society, of a remarkable fpring, lifting from a copper mine in the county of Wieklow in Ireland, into which thick iron bars being pur, in 3 or 4 months are intirely confumed, and a quantity of copper greater than that of the iron1 is found, generally in the form of coarfe fand, in the bottom of the pits in which the iron bars lay. This effeft has been commonly miftaken for a real tranfmu- tation of the iron into copper : But the doctor, by a chemical analyfis of the waterv found, that the copper is defolved by a* ftrong mineral acid, and mixed with .the' water parting thro' the copper ore in the mine, by which means the copper re- mains fufpended in the water till it meets with the iron bars in the pits con- trived for that purpofe, where the acid being more ftrongly attracted by the iroit than by the copper, the latter necenarily falls to the bottom, or is precipitated, while the former metal is gradually cor- roded or dhlbhred by the fame add, and carried off in the dream conftantly flow- ing from the fpring. Friday, ii. A court martial was held on board the Tyger at Portfmouth, rear-admiral Bof* cawen prefident, to enquire into th,e lofs of the Aifurance man of war, a fhlp of 40 guns> when Mr. Patterfon the mafter, under whofe charge the Ihip was, Was Sentenced to three months imprifonment in the Marfhatfea, but was neither broke nor mulcted. He acknowledged the capw tain offered him a pilot, but he thought there was no occalion ; and three pilots of the Ifle of Wight fwore they never knew there was a (hoal where (he was wreck'd ; and one of them fwore, that at the time ftie ftrucfc, there was a coun- ter tide fet in very ftrong, which might have deceived any perfon. Tuesday, 15. A great number of Jew merchants at- tended the Houfe of Commons, about their naturalization bill, which had parted the lords, and was then depending there. His majefty went witlt the uAial date to the houfe of peers, anV gave the royal aflent to the following biUs, viz. An aft for more efiethially punUhinz perfons Hh. wN

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t*» The MONTHLY CHRONOLOGER. May who mall fteal Or dcttin mipwrecktd ttnce, as in cafes of high* treajbo", viz, goods, &c. An ad for more effectually That, on June 17, he fhoold be drawn on Ertventing the fradulent removal of to- a fledge to the place of execution, there acco by land or water, and for the eafe to be hanged but not till he be dead, of the fair trader in tobacco 5 and for his bowels to be taken out, his bedy afcertaining the rates payable for the quartered, and his head out off, and so jx>ftage of certain letters, and for amend- be at the king's difpofal. On receiving mg and explaining the laws relating to the ^ the fentence, he made a genteel Jt>ow, fale of fpirituous liquors by retail : An and only defired he might have leave to act to prevent wines imported into any fend for his wife, who with 7 children, of the out-ports being brought to London entirely dependent on him for fupport, without paying the London duty : An are now at Lute in Flanders ; which wis act for regulating the trade to the Levant granted. He faid, that in 1746 he canto feas: An act for encouraging the filk from France to furrender himfelf, agrcc- manufactures of this kingdom : An aft able to the proclamation, but was prov for the afcertaining the fees to be taken _ vented by an accident happening in his by cleiks to ju dices of the peace: An "family. He behaved with great refolution ad for allowing intereft on corn de- before the court, and anfwered to ever/ Dentures in England and Scotland ; An queftion with a becoming decency, act for encouraging the linen manu- Monday, 21. facture in the Highlands of Scotland! At a court of common-council at Guil4- An act for levying the duties on win- hall it was moved, and refolved, to pre- dows in Scotland : An act for reducing font a petition to the Houfc of Commons the number of the South- Sea directors s agiinft the bill for naturalizing the Jews* To feven other publick acts, 20 road acts, Q A committee was appointed to draw up tnd 13 private bills. the faid petition, which being agreed to* , Wednzsday, 16. the (heriffs were inftructed to prcfent it Arrived at Portfmouth capt. Tagget, directly, in the new Cafcoe floop, from Nova- The fame day a cabinet council was Scotia, with an exprefs from governor held at Kenfington, when the report of HoJ>fon, giving an account, that the the attorney and folicitor general, in re- French at Louifbourg had fent down a lation to Mary. Squires, for the fuppofed party of their Tndians, in order to diftrefs robbbcry of Elizabeth Canning, was laid that colony, and to fall upon the friendly ** before his majafty, and agreeable thereto Indians, that have lately made peace his majefty was pleafed to grant her hit with governor Hopfon. In their way royal pardon. (See her trial, and abftraOe towards Halifax, they met a fchooner, of the pamphlets wrote on both tides, which had put into one of the iflands in our Magazine lor March laft, p. 116, tiear Canfoe, and the men going alhore 142, 150.) were furrounded by the French Indians The city of Briftol was put into a and taken. Two of the four men they great confternation by the rifing of fomo put to death, and fcalped j the other » hundreds of colliers and other country two they carried over to the continent ; people, on account of die dearnefs of but they had the good fortune to make corn. They committed great outrages* their efcape. with ftones and brickbats broke the win* Thursday, 17. dows of the council houfc where the ma- Pr. Archibald Cameron, (fee p. 194.) gift rates aflcmble, wounding feverai who was this morning carried from the Tower were in it, and forcibly boarded a veflel in a hackney coach (the deputy lieutenant laden with a great deal of corn for ex- fitting wjth him, and feverai of the war* portation 5 but as they began to plunder ders and a party of the guards attending F it, being unarmed, they were put to flight him) to the court of King's bench, ancj by a poile of conftables with their ftaveo. there arraigned upon the act of attain- This was on Monday the 2-ift. And on der, pafiVd again (I him and others, for Thurfday about nopn, a great mob of being in the late rebellion, and not fur- them returned and auembled at Lawford** rendering in due time j when after a fair gate. The. conftables and the reft of tho hearing and the examination of eight wit- city guards advancing, the rioters pelted nefies, he was proved to be that identical them with ftones, when a (kirmUh hap- perfon, a principal actor and contriver q pened, and feverai of them were wounded of that rebellion ; and the prifoner not de«- and taken prifoners. At nine the gates firing to give the court any further trouble, were (hut, and the guards patrolled the acknowledged himfelf to be the perfoa. city. On Friday a troop of the Scots The four judges cf the court were upon greys arrived, and the alarm being -given the bench, and after deliberation, the o( the rioterf coining, the drum, beat to lar<J chief juftice Lee pronounced ^»cfeq- ., arms, *■■ * ' Digitized by G00gk

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»753- MARRIAGES* DEATHS, &c. a+i arms, the gates were (but, and the draw- bridge pulled up j but endeavouring not- withstanding to enter at another place, as foon as they had broke the gate, the guard) came up, and firing a few pieces among them made them fly divers ways j which occafioncd feveral flcirmimes in different parts of the city, wherein four were killed en the fpot, and about 30 taken and com- mined to Newgate. Monday, 2$. Three of the condemned malefactors. were executed at Tyburn, viz. Morris, Robinfon, and Jones. Bark ley and Law- rence died in Newgate : Neale was par- doned ; Tagg reprieved for tranfportation for life, and Firti refpited the night be/ore the execution. (See p. 141 .) Markiagks and BiaxMs. April 30. rjENRY Douglas, ECqj of 11 Walton upon Thames, to Mife Either Wilkin*, of Eritb. May u Richard Bennetof Hexworthy in Cornwall, Efqj to lady Morice, relict of Sir William Morice, batt. " t. William Nam, Efq; to Mifs Kewn- bam, of Streatham, in Surrey* a n,oool. fortune. 4, Rev. Mr. Watfon, to the lady De- loraine. 5. William Board, of Pax-bill, in Suf- fex, Efq; to Mifs Harriot Godolpbln Crawford, of Sainthill, in the feme county*. 6. George Hart well, Efq; of Bow, to Mifs Anne Savage, of Bromley. Rev. Mr. Scricold, of Cherry Henton in Cambridgmire, to Mifs Marshall, of Littiebury in Eflex, a to,oool. fortune. 10. Ellis Yonge, of Aden in Denbigh- Ihire, Efq; to Mifs Supieton of Flintmire, a io,oool. fortune. 11. Lord Boyle, eldeft fon of the earl of Orrery, to Mifs Hoare, eldeft daughter of Henry Hoare, Eft); banker in Fleet- ftreet, a 30,000). fortune. David Papillon, Efaj fon of the com- mifltoner of the excite, to Mifs Turner, of White-Friars, Canterbury, a 30,0001. fortune. la. Thomas Hollis, of Nortliampton- anirc, Eftj} to Mifs Thorpe. . 19. Mr. Henry Boldero, banker, in Lombard-ftreet, to Mifs Elizabeth Randal. Chriftopoer Metcalfe, of Bromley, Efqj ^p Mifs Barton of the fame place. Mr. Liell Gregg, tea-merchant in Water- lane, to Mifs Worgan, who on the nth was chofen organift of St. Dunftan's in the Eaft, in the room of her brother, de- ceafed j but on this occafion (he rcfigced the faid place. Col. Oiway, to Mifs Hayes. Mr. William Innes, merchant, of Lime- ireet, to Mifs Anne Wintle. a6. Mr. Stump, broker, in Copthall- feun/Throgmortoa-ftrtefc to Mifs Elite- betb Bell, eldeft daughter of the late Mr. John Bell, broker, in Alderraary church-, yard, Bow-lane. 19. Mr. Thomas Page, of Tower-hill, to Mifs Coggs, of the lame place. April 23. Lady vifcountefsCaftlecomer, in Ireland, delivered of a fon and heir. The lady of Edward Philips, of Somer- fctfliire, Efqj of a fon and heir. May 5. Lady Carolina Curson, daugh- ter to the tail of Portmore, of a daughter. la. The lady of William Dowdefwdl, Efqj member of parliament for Tewkfbury, of a daughter. to. Lady Mary Archer, lady of John Archer, E% and fifter to the earl Fita- williams, of a daughter. 13. The tady of Thomas Salter, Efq; of his msjefty*s board of green-cloth, of a. daughter. • a.5. The lady of col. Ponfonby, of a. fon and heir. , Lady Moofon, of a. fen and heir. 27. The lady of the lore" Guerofcy, 0/ a fon. - Dbaths. April %$• \\ TILLIAM Churebiil, Efq; W at his feat called Henbury ■ear Wimborn in Dorfetfiiire, who mar- ried one of the daughters and coheireflee of archbimop Wake, but having no blue* his feat and eftate <jefcends to his brother, Awnmam Churchill, of Shepherd's-welip in Kent, Efqj 27. Rt. Hon. Gilbert Vane, lord Bar* nard, of Barnard's caftlt in the county of Durham : He is fusceeded in djgnityt and eftate by his fon, the lion. Henry Yane, Efq; knight of the;, mire for that county, and one of the lends of the treafury, now lord Barnard. Dr. Auchmuty, dean of Armagh in Ireland, and chaplain general of Minorca. 28. Mr. John HarrUbn, chief furgeon in ordinary to the London hofpital, who had a coofiderable hand in the inftkution and promotion of that charity, . Lord Hyde, only fon to the earl of Clarendon and Rochester, at Paris. 30. Mr* Hobbs, at Briftol, aged to?» who farmed; followed the bufinefs of e gardener, and thoN bedridden for 10 years, retained his fenfes to the laft. Mays. Rev. Dr. Scawen Keorfck, fob* dean and one of the prebendaries of Weft* minder, minifter of St. Margaret's there; and re&or of Hambleden in Bucks. Sir William Cann, of Gtoucefterlhiffe bart. Mrs. Margaret Hunter, a maiden lae^*. at NewcaiUe, aged 104, who is faid to have drank only two gills of mate liquor inaUherlife. , 10. William Jgebb, Efqj treasurer to tbt,Hon. the OP* India te^npeay. Hbs ^SatnanW

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Ui PROMOTIONS, fee. Nathaniel Jacob*, Eft]; of a large cftate jn Cornwall. Rev. Dr. Wiihart, at Edinburgh, prin- cipal of th*t univefity, and one of the minifters of the city. Mr. Nicholas Fatio deDuiHer, F.R. S. a great mathematician and philosopher, in the 90th year of his age : He was a native of Switzerland, not had ref)dehe vicarage of St. Leonard's : Mr. Caanplm, elected precentor of the the cathedral^ and-Mr. Hancock, a minor canon of the faid cathedral of prlftol. --Mr. Ooedcbitf, by ttklord- Monfon, the redety oPSt, Silflfc, in Lincoln. May —Mr. Homer, by Mr mtjefty, to tbo re&ory of Thorpe, in Suffolk. — Edmund' White, M. A. elected by the mercers com- pany in London, to the vicarage of Rephan, in Lincomihire. ' — Mr. Joh» Knowle, prefented by the earl of Litch- field, to the rectory of Sutton cum Aid- bury, in Okfordmire.— Mr. Robert Story, by the lord chancellor, to the vicarage or Baynton, in Wbrcefteriflire. — Rev. Thomas Birch, fecretary to the royal Society, who had the degree* of doctor in divinity conferred on him by the arch- bifhop of Canterbury, (fee p. 146.) had the fame degree conferred on him by the, university of Aberdeen*. — Mr. Dodd, of Ham, chofen lecturer of St. James* s** Garlickhithe. — Francis Jones, M. A. prefented by Sir Tb/hua vin Neck, t>art« to the vicarage of Loxfjeld, to Boflbflf Mbuht»-BiJn\ in Cornwall, knjghted by his majefty.— * Mr. Tomkins chofen an ' additional fqr- geon to the* Foundlmg 'bofplfaj'.'-j- Mr^ Neale. cboftn (arreon to the . pmdoat . . . , *«** Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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«753« BANKRUPTS, &c. hospital, in the room of Mr. Harrrfon, eeoeafed,— John Tuff, Efq; chofen tree- freer of St.. Bartholomew's hofpital, in the room of Thomas Sandford, Efqj de- coaled, by a majority of 16 agamft Mr* deputy Scleter, 103 being for the former and 77 for the latter.— Thomas Pitches, EJaj y inadeaccomptant general of the PoA* office. New MtMiins. ' County of Durham, coh Vase, in the the room -of the Hen. Henry Vane, Efqj his father, now a peer. Downton in Wilts, James Hayes, Efiej in the room of col. Vane, now knight of the (hire lor Durham. 1— xa— TS, fiict tbtfc in ottr Mdgazimftr March. Michael Bland, of London, broken- Charles Prefcott, of Red.croic** sVret, London, merchant.— John Board, of St. BoroJph's, without BifoepJgate, carpenter.— John Beverftodc, of Bri&ri, cutler and mnholder.— Peter William Ba- ntAer, of Gbcapfide, Ifnen - draper. — William vWter and William Guither, of London, Jfifcrchants and partners.— Da* nid Stephenfen, late of Whitehaven, in Cumberland, merchant. — Peter Daviet, of Newport, in Monmouthmiro, money- fcrivencr.— John Beaumont, of Hadkigh, in Suffolk, woolcomber.— John Sterratt, of Totncts, J?evon, mercer. — Thomas Welih, late of St. Leonard's Shoreditch, wearer.— *John Boover, of Wihmire-lane, BatVSmkMiekL brewer.— Thomas Ben- mon, of Chofter, merchant and ftrip* builder.— John Healy, late of Cecil* flreet in the rhrand, merchant.— Joho Atkinson, of Whicettaven in Cumberland, merchant. -»• William Orever, of Toelcy*ftrect, Southwark, Cbeafeasonger and dealer,— Thomas Abraham, of Whitehaven In Cumberland, • grocer.— Richard Richard - fon, fete of Wbkehaven m Cumberland, tneroer and draper.— James Hnrtwell, of Newport Paenel, mercer and draper.— IhomaaSknpfon, of Savage gardens, near Tower- hill, merchant.— Withem Wright, late of Thame In Oxfordshire, draper.— Ifaac Bowonh, otherwife Hawortb, of London* warehoofeman. — John Barker, now or late of the paeilb of St. Luke, Middlefcx, tobacconift. — Nicholas Tei- lam, late of Newttn, withm the parifh of Paul, In Cornwall, dealer and maltiter. •*-Jbbn Green, of Whitecfcapef, dealer. — Robert Cpamond, of Great Ortwond- ftreet, merchant. — John Evanfon, late of the- perftb of St. Luke, Middlefex, woolcoojbcr. — Wtfiam Norton, late of Dunkirk, and new of London, met* 24$ chant.*— Patrick Meouotd, of Menchefter* vintners-Thomas Holmes, of Geintfburgh, timber merchant. — Edward Allen, of Great Poultney-ftrect, in the liberty of Wertmmfter, merchant.— James Jacfcton, of St. Clement Danes, Middlesex, mercer and dealer — Elizabeth Short, of Cam* bridge, widow and falefweman*— WHtiaae Bowen, of Briftol, merchant.- Newman) Cartwright, of Lombard-ftreet, silver* fmith.— Samuel Hall, of Taunton, St. Mary Magdalen, in Somerfctihire, mer* cer and dealer. — John Blackwetl, of the town and county of the town of Notting- ham, honer. — Jdhn Sudworth, late of Liverpool, beer- brewer. —John Bond* late of New-Strom, clothier.-— John Jacfcman, of London, timber merchant. •—Thomas Jones, of Talbot court ha Orace-Chnrch-ltreet, blackfatith. — Pest Stutter, of the Minories, London, wool* ten draper.— Thomas Gibfon, of Aider- manbury, baberdalher.— John Simpfonv late of Catherine-court near Tower-bill* maft difHtlcr.— William Famwortb, of Culhim-ftreot, merchant and warehouse* man.— Henry Steel late of Whitehaven, merchant.— Levi Leeds, of Mary-bono- ftreet, in the parilh of St. James, Wot* mhrfter, upholder and dealer.— Edmund Brydges, of the parifh of Kenstngton, dealer.- William Barnes, of Norton, Palgate, dealer. — Richard SiddaH end Daniel Swann, of St. Martin's in the fields, druggifts, chymlfts and partner*. —John Pletcher, of Southwark, dealer* —Alexander Dingwall, of Uicefter-fieJd*, cabinet-maker.— William Smith, of Ate dertgate-ftreet, grocer. — Richard Ten- riant and Robert Tenant, of Bradford in the county of York, mopkeepersw— William Williams, of Friday-ftreet, ruv* berdalher.— WilUam Gwillim, of Friday- ftreet, linen-draper and haberdasher. — William Witfiame and William GwiWm, both of Friday-ftreet, merchants, haber- damers, and partners.— Wtfhern Palmer, in the parifh of St. Olave, Southwark, diftiDer.— Jofsph Wilkinfon, of HaUifax, in Yorkfliire, chapman.— James Black- burn, now or late of Whitby, mailer and mariner, dealer and chapman. — John Willet, of St. Clement Danes, mercer,— John Lambert Middleton, of BUhopf* gate-ftreet, dealer.— Thomas Embery, «f Widegatealley, Bifhopfgate-ftreet, hot- prefler, and dealer.— Robert Currant, of Drury-lane, woollen draper.— Oeeeee Reynolds, of Talbot court, Grace-ehenth- ftreet, ttylor.— Robert Akenhead the younger, of Newcaftle upon Tyne, boote- feller and ftationer. — James Bo/rough, of the Devices, Wilts, brafier and founder. — WiBiam. Lcdyard, of Briftol, grocer. AMONG • Digitized by VjOOQlC

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%+6 FOREIGN AFFAIRS, 1753. AIIO KG other prolecotions, which the parliament of Paris fet on foot againft the ecclcfiafticks, for refuting the sacraments to dying perfbne, they com- • snenotd one againft the bifhop of Or- Jeans, whom they, on the aid of Fe- bruary kft, had ordered to attend $ hut Che very next day a letter de cachet, accompanied by letters patent from the king, was delivered to them, where- by they were ordered to fufpend all proiccutions relating to the refafal of the sacraments, till he mould otfrerwife order 5 and thefe letters they were commanded to ftgiftcr. Upon which they refolved to present new remonftrances to his majefty, andthat the regiftering of the letters patent Jhould in the mean time be poftponed. To thefe remonftrances they had no anfwer until the 4th of this month, when his majefty told them, that as their re- snonftrances contained nothing new* be referred them to his former anfwers f whereupon they refolved, " that, where- as- certain evil -minded perfons binder truth from getting near the throne, the chambers remain aflembled, and all other Irtrftaefc be fufpended." Upon this his majefty the next day. lent them frefh let- ters patent, renewing his orders of Feb* the iad, and commanding them to con- tinue their bufinefs, on pain of incurring Ms difpleafure j which they on the 7th mftant refolved they could not obey with- out a breach of their duty and their oath. This brought the difpute to a crifis, and as we foretold *, the constitution Uni- genitus has triumphed ; for the next day letters de cachet were iflued, by which the members of all the chambers of the par* fcament, except the great chamber, were banimed to fcveral places remote from one another. On the 9th, the great v chamber affembled, and the nrft prefidcnt opened it with the following (pooch t " Gentlemen, in what light can you look upon the exception, which the king has heeh pleafed to make of us ? Could his majefty imagine we mould be left iledfaft than our brethren to the oath of fidelity which we have taken to him ? For my part, gentlemen, I can only look up- on it as an injury done to your zeal, which, fo far from departing from, I think, you mould inviolably perfift in, and abide by the refolutions of the $th and 7th inftant. And further, gentle- men, .what gives me the greateft afflicti- on upon this occafion is, to think that I am not at the head of our brethren, to partake of their fufferings." Upon this, that chamber refolved to abide by the refolutions of the 5th and 7th, taft. and ordered a curate of Chartres to % taken inap cuftody for refuting the fa- • Stttmr Magasine/sr cramentt ; therefore on the'ntfa, all the*" members of that chamber were likcwiie by letters de cachet banimed from Paris | fo that the number now font into exile, are computed to be about 2x0 j and it* the other parliaments of France mould follow the example of that of Paris, there will bo an entire flop to. the adminiftra- tion of juftice over tlte whole kingdom. As this is an affair which is of great confequence to France, another affair haa lately happened, which may be of I11U greater confequence to Germany, of* which we have the following account. RatUbon, April 16. Though the mi- nifters of Brandenbourg and Anhalt had demanded in the memorials prefented by them to the diet, that the confideration of the affair of Eaft-Friefland mould be poll* ported, a motion was made laft Monday by the Auftrian minifter, that the diet" mould proceed upon it immediately. On which the Brandenbourg minifter got up, ' and protecting in form agamft the pro- ceeding of theaffembly, withdrew. The Brunfwick minifter made a counter pro tefta tion, infilling, that the affair • mould- be immediately taken into confi- deration ; and, recommending it to the ' college, he alfo withdrew. A motion be* ing then made by the Hanoverian party, and the queftion being put, that the af- fair be referred to the decifion of the Au* lick council of the empire at Vienna j it pa/Ted in the affirmative, agreeable to> their wtfhes; thirty-five voting for the' queftion, and twenty* one against it. A- mong the latter were the minifters of Q>- logn, the Palatinate, Pomerania, Wurtem- berg, Bareutb, Anfpach, Mecltlenbonrg;, Deux Ports, and Hefie-Caftel. The mi. nifters of Saxe*Gotua, $ajee*EHenacht Arenberg, Lobkowitz, ftahn, and eight more, did not vote at aH, for want of faftcieotioftrudions. Five others thought proper to join with the majority* • This resolution of the diet the emperor has fince confirmed 5 and as -the king of Pruffia difbwns the juofdioHon of the Ao- ltck council in this affair, it is a queftion whether he will order hit minifter to sp- • pear for him before the court* if he does # not, the affair will foon come *• be de- ceived ex ptfrt#, and Eaft-Erkflaad of courfe adjudged to belong to* Hano- ver. We have at laft received a confirmation of the fuceeis of prince Heracjtaa in Per* fia j for after defeating in a Moody battle his rival, he entered Ifpaben* and wae crowned king of Perfia aboist the begin- ning of this year, by which he* for the prefent* reftored tranquillity to that divi- ded kingdom. Dxvi* February J* gjgggjjfQ

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tfbi Monthly Catalogue for May, 1753^ Divinity *nd Controvxisy, I. \ Diflertatjon upon the two Entitles C\ of Clement of Rome. By N. Lard- ncr, D. D. pr. ia. Noon. a. A new Form of Common Prayer, with the Offices thereto belonging, pr. as. Griffiths. 3. Some Opinions concerning the Foun- dation of Morality, pr. is. Cooper. 4. A Rational Defence of the Englifli Reformation. Griffiths. 5. Letter and Spirit. By B. Holloway, pr. ' ; — Hay, Withers. By W. L. L. B. pr. cs. fewed. 6. Religio Philofophi. Eiqj pr. 3S. Dodfley. 7. A plain and proper Anfwer to the Bimop of Clogher, pr. is. Shuckburgh. 8. A Delineation of Nature, pr. 2s. 6d. Wilfon. 9. A full Anfwer to the Eflay on Spi- rit, pr. as. 6d. Withers. 10. The Work* of D. Forbes, Efqj two Vols. ixmo. pr. 6s. Rivington. -it. The General Judgment, pr. 6d. Wmtworth. 22. A Paftaral Letter againft Fanati- cifm. By Mr. J. Stfnftra, pr; is. 6d; 1 y Judge Burnet's Reafons for de- ctaiing, As I have lived, fo 1 truft I mail die in the true Faith of Chrift, as taught in the Scriptures, but not as taught and pra&ifed in "any one vifible Church I know of, pr. 6d. Baldwin. 24. Inftruc"Uom on the Subject of Po- pery. By H. Stebbing, D.D. pr. i«. Davis. 15. The Principles of Natural Philoso- phy. By S. Pike, pr. 3s. 6d. Buckland. 16. TheKJngofTerrors,pr.is.Bouquet. MltClLlANlODI. 17. Reflections upon Naturalization, pr. is. 6d. Cooper. 18. Letters of M. T. Cicero, tofeveral ©f his Friends, with Remarks. By W» Mclmoth, Efq; pr. 15s. Dodfley. 1 9. A candid Narrative of the Rife of the Moravians. By H. Rimius, pr. as. 6d. Robinfon. 20. The Source, and the true Spirit of Laws, pr. 4s. L. Davis* 21. Obfervations on paffing Debentures at the CuftomHoufe, pr. 3d. Roberts. 22- Obfervations upon the English Lan- - guage. Withers. 23. An Account of the Tapeftry at Fulham. By P. Parifot, pr. 6d. Cooper. ^4.Eflays,Letters,Fabies>and Tranflati- ons. By Six H. Beaumont, pr. as. Cooper. 25. A Treatife on Charity. By Mr. Cannon, pr. 6d. Biaet. 26. The Groans of Great Britain, pr. is. 6d. Cooper. 27. The Advantages and Disadvantage* of a married Life, pr. 6d. Keith. a8. Honert Advice to the Freeholders, pr- 64* Barnes. *47 29. An Eflay on the Education of Children. By H. Wotton. 30 Rules for being a Wit, pr. 6d. Lewis, 31. The Trial of the Letter Y, pr. 6d, Owen. 32. The Trial of J. Stewart, in Au- cham, in Duror of Apin, for the Murder of Colin Campbell, of Glenure, Efqj pr. as. Wiflfon, 33. An Eflay on the Aaion proper for the Pulpit, pr. is. 6d. Dodfley. 34. A Journey from Graind Cairo, to Mount Sinai, and back -again. By the PrefettO of Egypt. With Remarks on Hieroglyphicks, and the Heathen Mytho- logy. By Robert, Lord BiJhop of Clogher. Jn 4to. pr. 5s. Baldwin. The fame in 8vo. pr. 28. 6d. Baldwin. (See p. 155.) 35. A Reply to the Author of Remarks on the Eflay on Mufical Expreflion, pr. is. 6. Davis. r r 36. A Collection of Letters, written by Cardinal Bentivoglio, pr. 10s. 6d. Steidel. 37. A Letter on Numbering the People, pr. 6d. Owen. * * 38. A Letter of Confolation to a nobfo Lady, pr. is. Cooper. 39. An Eflay on Celibacy, pr. as. Cooper. 40. A Letter to a young Gentleman, upon his Admiffion into the Univerfity pr. 6d. Manby. 41. Letters and Trafts of Lord Boline- broke, pr. 6s. Millar. (See p. 209.) 42. Letters*) the Publick. By the Kin* of Pruflia, pr. 6d. Owen. 43. A Diflertation on Libels, pr. 6d. Owen. 44. A Home Throft at Duelling. By Capt. A. Clerke, pr. is. 6d. Bladon. 45. A Letter to Count Zinzendorf. By G. Whiteneld, A. B. pr. 4d. Keith, (See p. 233.) 46. Memoirs of the Court of Auguftus Vol. I. in 410. By T. Blackwell, J. U. D. pr. a Guinea. Dodfley. 47. Remarkable Trial of Timothy Mur- phy, at the Old Bailey, for Forgery, pr, is. 6d. Cooper. r 48. A Description of a new- invented Stove Grate, pr. 6d. Cooper. 49. Some Hints to prevent the Choice of improper Members, pr. 1*. Sheepy. 50. The Young Woman's Companion, pr. 2s. JerTery. Poetry and Entertainment. 51. The Carnation. By. R. Dyer, pr. is. Cooper. 52. Paradife Regained, two Vols. Jvo. By T. Newton, D. D. pr. 10s. 53. Crcefus turo'd ' Poulterer, pr. is. Cooper. 54. The Lap-Dog, pr. 6d. Doughty. 5$. Contemplation, pr. is. Cooper. 56. A Diflertation upon the Italian Poe- ** %,°* *?nH> Pr- M- 6*. Cooper. Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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CONTENTS. A BURLESQUE on the modern art of healing, or on the multitude of iW£- trums and fpecificks advertifed in the papers 251 A new art of writing letters, and a new kind of paper for that purpose 251,1 sred The utility of broad wheels confide] *53 Subftance of the a& for naturalizing Jews - Remarks on the two plays of The Bro- thers, and The Earl of Eflex 255 A defcription of the city of Worcefter, with an explanation of the Profped herewith exhibited 256 The Journal of a learned and political Club, &c. continued 257-266 Debate on the bill to permit perfons profefling the JewMh religion to be na- turalized by parliament ibid. SrftzcR of A. Nonius againft the bill 257 The great fums formerly offered by the Jews for this privilege ibid. "When the number and riches of the in- habitants contribute to the (Irength of a country, and when not 258, 2 £9 Speech of Jul. Drufus Publicola, in fa- vour of the bill 260 G. The true import of the bill 261, 261, 263 The incapacities that aliens are fubje& to 264 Spixch of C.Julius againft the bill ib. F. That a general naturalization of the Jews will be the confequence of it 265 That the Jews cannot incorporate with us ibid. That the bill is contrary to the prophecies of the New Teftament 265, 266 Obfervations on plaifter of Paris 266 Mr. Ames's method or receipt for taking off the inferiptions from brafs plates in churches 267 A fummary of the mod important affairs in the laft feifion of parliament 26S Sums granted for the fupply ibid. Ways and means for ratting them 269 A ftate of the national debt 270 Account of the produce of the finking fund 271 The adventures of Bertbojde, with a de- fcription of his perfon 272 His ready anfwers to queftions 27 3 His artifice for defeating the ladies pe- tition to be admitted to a (hare in the government 274 How he efcapedtein^ hanged ojfi. His fad will *" 276* 277 Solution of a-queftion fas furveying 277, Another propofed 279 Some thoughts cto the brute creation ibid. Account of a prepoial for making a na- vigable communication between the ri- vers Trent and Severn 2$o A reply to Mr. Home about a plenum, &c. 2S1 The king's fpeech at the dofe of the fefitoa 2S2 A queftion ftated, whether any Jew can be rut u tali red by the a A lately paflcd for that purpofe 283 Mr. Jeacocke's letter in defence of Mr. Wtuftbn's- character 283, 284 Poetey. The lafs of the mill, iet to mufick 285 A new country dance 280 Ode on the. prince of Wales's birth-day ibid. Prologue and epilogue to Terence's Adel- phi, lately afted by the Chater-homV fcholars 287 To his grace the duke of Dorfet, written by Mr. Jones, author of The Earl ef Eflex *%% - Stanzas in the chorus in Racin's Tragedy of Efther 289 Imitated in Englifh ibid. Afoliloquy, wrote in June, 1746 ibid. The Monthly Chkonologii 200 The prefent ftate of Nova* Scotia ibid . Remarkable hail ftorras 290, 292 Dr. Cameron's execution 290 Ads pafled, and parliament prorogued 291 Earthquake in Yorkshire, Lancashire and Cheshire ibid. Seffions at the Ofd Bailey ibid. Duke of Newcaftle vifits Cambridge ibid. Two young highwaymen apprehended 292 Election of (heriffs for London and Mid- dlefex ibid. Marriages and births ibid. Deaths ibid. Ecclefiaftical preferments 293 Promotions civil and military ibid. Perfons declared bankrupts ibid. # FoiifGN Affairs 294 A catalogue of books 295 Prices of (locks and grain ; wind, wea- ther 29* Monthly bffl of mortality ibfch Tbt Ode of Horace, and other Pieces we bav$ received, Jb*U be in mtr next* fc3* Riczipts for coUeclimgtbe Land Tax and Window Lights, treghen Gratia )y Rt Baldwin, hwtfetier, ett the Role in Patcr-Nofar-Row, ~1" Digitized by G00gk j

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THE London Magazine, JUNE, i753. people who chufc to die under fuch and (Vich diftempers, for every one of which there are infallible and fpecifick cures, not only advertifed but attefted in all the news-papers* When the lower fort of Irifh, in the mod uncivilized parts of Ireland, attend ^ the funeral of a deceafed friend or neigh- bour, before they give the laft parting howl, they expoftulate with the dead body, and reproach him with having died, notwithftanding that he had an excellent wife, a milch cow, 7 fine children, and a competency of potatoes. Now tho' all thefe, particularly the excellent wife, are ___ _r r ...... Dvery good things in a Hate of perfect importance, which has B health, they cannot, as I apprehend, be been the fubjee> of debate looked upon as preventive either of Tick- nefs or of death ; but with how much more reafon may we expoftulate with, and cenfure thofe of our cotemporaries, who either from obftinacy or incredulity, die in this great metropolis, or indeed in this kingdom, when they may prevent The following Paper is faid to be wrote by an eminent Hard, and at it contains an agree- able Flow of foignant Wit, Humour and Raillery on fane reigning HHsms and Follies of the Age> we therefore have given it our Readers* The WORLD, N°. 24, June 14. 4?v Adam Fits-Adam. 'SHALL not at prefent enter into the great quef- tion between the ancients and the moderns 5 much lefs (hall I prefu me to de- cide upon a point of that -among the learned from the days of Ho race down to ours. To make my court to the learned, I will lament the gradual decay of human nature, for thefe laft 16 centuries 5 but at the fame time I will do juftice to ray cotemporaries', will give them their due (hare of praife, where they have Q or cure, at a trifling expence, not only either ftruck out new inventions, or im- S roved and brought old ones to perfection, ome of them I mail now mention. The moft zealous and partial advocate . for the ancients will not, I believe, pre- tend to difpute the infinite fuperiority of the moderns in the art of healing. Hip- pocrates, Celfas and Galen had no whereas the (ame operation among the ancients was both tedions and painful, as it required a tho- rough boiling of the patient. The moft inflammatory and intrepid fevers fly at the firft difcharge of Dr. James's powder $ and a drop or pill of the celebrated Mr. Ward corrects all the ma- lignity of Pandora's box. Ought not every man of great birth and eftate, who for many years has been afflicV what fpecificks, have they not difcovered ! Collectively confidered, they infure not emly perfect health, but by a neceftary confequence, immortality ; infomuch that I am aftonifhed when I ftill read in the bills of mortality the great numbers of June, 1753, niong perfons of that fort j ought he nor, I fay, to be a foamed of having no iflue male to perpetuate his illuftrious name and title, when for fo (mall a Aim as thrce-'and fix -pence, he and his lady might be fupplied with a fufficient quantity of li a the Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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252 Burlcfquc on the modern Art of Healing. June the vivtfying drofg, which infallibly cure ficulty by hit invention of unequivocal imbecillity in men, and barrennefs in wo- letters j but then he removed it too much $ men, though of never (b long (binding ? for thofe letters or marks, being the fame Another very great difcovery of the throughout, and fixed alphabetically, foot* moderns in the art of healing is, the in* became generally known, and prevented fallible cure of the king's -evil, tho* never that fecrecy, which in many cafes was to fo inveterate, by only the touch of a be withed for. This inconveniency fug- lawful king, the right heir of Adam t £ gefted to the ancient* the invention of For that is e(Tential|y neeeflary. The an- cryptography and (Uganography, or a myf- eients were unacquainted with this in- teiious and unintelligible way of writing, eftimable fecret j and even Solomon the by the help of which none but the cor- fon of David, the wifeft of king?, knew refponding parties, who had the key, could nothing of the matttn . But our Bririfh So- decypher the matter. But human induf- lomon, king James i.a fonofaDavidalfo, try foon refined upon this too; the art was no ftranger to it, and pra&ifcd it of decyphering was difcovered, and the with fuccefs. This fa£ is fufficiently pro- (kill of the decypherer baffled all the la- ved by experience j but if it wa.. ed any " bour of the cypherer. The fecrecy of all corroborating tertimony, we have that literary cor refpondence became precarious, of the ingenious Mr. Carte, who in his and neither bufinefs nor love could any incomparable hiftory of England, aiferis longer be fafely trufted to paper, Such, (and that in a marginal note too, which for a considerable time, was the unhappy is always more material than the text) that date of letters, till the beau mwde% an in* he knew fimebedy, who was radically cured ventive race of people, found out a new of a moft obftinate king's-evil, by the kind of cryptography, or (teganography, touch of fomtbedy. As our fagacious hif- C unknown to the ancients, and free from torian does not even intimate that this fome of their ineonvenieneies. Lovers in Jmebody took anything of the other fom*- general made ufe of it $ controverfial body for the cure, it were to be wUhed that writers commonly ; and minifters of ftate he had named hit fmehody and his place of fometimes in their moft important dif- abode, for the benefit of the poor who are patches. It was writing in fuch an un- fiow reduced, and at fome ex pence, to intelligible manner, and with fuch ob- have recourfe to Mr. Vickers the clergy- fcurity, that the correfponding parties man. Befides, I fairly confefs myfelf to be pv themfdves neither underftood, nor perfonally interested in this inquiry, fince goefled at each others meaning ; which was this fpmebod* mud neceflarily be the right a mod etibdual (ecurity againft all these- heir of Adam, and confequently 1 mud cidents to which letters are liable by being have the honour of being related to him. either midaid or intercepted. But this me- Our laborious neighbours and kinfmen, * thod too, tho1 long purfued, was alfo at- the Germans, are not without their in- tended with fome ineonvenieneies. It fre- yentions and happy difcoveries in the art quently produced miftakes, by Scattering of medicine j for they laugh at a wound faUe lights upon that friendly darknefs, fo thro* the heart, if tttey can but apply their £ propitious to buflnefs and love. But our powder of fympathy— not to the wound inventive neighbours, the French, -have it felf, but to the fword or bullet that very lately removed all thefe incon- made it. venieneies, by the happy difcovery of a Having now (at leaft in my opinion) new kind of paper, as pleating to the eye, fully proved the (uperiority of the moderns as conducive to the difpatch, the cleamefs, over the ancients in the art of healing, and at the fame time, the fecrecy of all I (hall proceed to fome other particulars, literary correfpondences. My worthy in which my cotemporaries will as juftly p friend Mr. Dodiley lately brought me a claim, and, I hope, be allowed the pre- (ample of it, upon which, if I miftake ference. not, he will make very confiderable im- The ingenious Mr. Warburton, in his provements, as my countrymen often Divine Legation of Mofcs, very jjftly ob- do upon the inventions qf other nations, ferves, that hieroglyphicks were the be- This (heet of paper I conje&ureo' to be ginning of letters $ but at the fame time he the ground- work and principal material candidly allows that it was a very trouble- of a tender and paffionate letter from a fome and uncertain method of communica* fine gentleman to a fine lady; tho* in ting one's ideas ; as it depended in a great G truth it might very well be the whole meafure on the writer's (kill in drawing letter itfelf. At the top of the firft page (an art little known in thofe days) and wasdelineatedalady with very red cheeks, f s a ftroke too much or too little, too and a very large hoop, in the fashionable high or too low, might be of i'»e moft attitude of knotting, and of making a Jxngerous confluence, in religion, bufi- very genteel retrograde french cqrtefy. or love. Cadmus removed this dif- This Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1753- A wm fovtotito* tofufply the Place of Writing. 25 3 "This evidently appears toftand for Madam, ed him indeed againft providing any for and faves the time and trouble of writing the two learned profeflions of the lavr it. At the bottom of the third page was and phyfick, which I apprehended would painted a very fine well-dreft gentleman, lie upon his hands. One of them being with hit hat under his left arm, and his already in poflefllon (to fpeak in their right hand upon his heart, bowing moft own ftyle) of a more brachygraphical, refpeafully low } which fingle figure, by cryptographical and fteganograpbical fe- an admirable piece/ of brachygraphy or^ cret in writing their warrants ; and the Shorthand, plainly conveys his deep fenfe, other not willingly admitting brevity, in and ftands inftead of thefe many words, any fliape. Otherwife what innumerable / have the honour to be, with the tendtrefi (kins of parchment, and lines of writing and warmeft fentiments, madam, your moft might be faved in a marriage fettlemens, inviolably attached, faithful bumble feruant. for inftance, if the firft 14 or 1 5 font. The margin of the paper, which was a- the fuppofed future iflue, lawfully to be be* bout half an inch broad, was very pro- gotten of that happy marriage, and upon perly decorated with all the emblems of _ whom the fettlement is fucceffi vely made, triumphant beauty, and tender fuffering " were to be painted every one a fixe left paflion. Groups of lilies, rofes, pearls, then the other upon one (kin of parch- corals, (uns and ftars, were intermixed ment, inftead of being enumerated upon with chains, bearded (hafts, and bleeding zoo, according to priority of birth, and hearts. Such a meet of paper, I confefs, feniority of age ; and moreover the feems to be a complete letter j and I would elder, by a happy pleonafmu6, always to advifeaItfinegentfemen,whofetimeIknow take before and be preferred to the is precious, to avail themfelves of this younger { But this ufeful alteration is admirable invention : It will lave them C more to be wtflied than expe&ed, for a great deal of time and perhaps fome reafons which I do not at prefent think thought $ and I cannot help thinking that proper to mention, were they even to take the trouble of I am fenfible that the government may filing up the paper with the tendered poflibly objed, that 1 am fuggefting to (Sentiments of their hearts, or the mod its enemies a method of carrying on their mining flights of their fancy, they would treafonable correfpondences with mucb add no energy or delicacy to thofe types more fecrefy than formerly. But as my and fymbols of the lady's conqueft, and ^ intentions are honeft, I (hould be very their own captivity and fufferings. ** forry to have my loyalty fufpeeled j and Thefe blank letters (if I may call them when I conflder the zeal, and at the fame fo, when they convey fo much) wi)! mode time, the ingenuity of the Jacobites, I the jealous curiofity of huroands and fa- am convinced that their letters in this thers, who will in vain hold them to the 'new method will be fo charged witk fire to elicit the fuppofed juice of lemon, groves of oaken boughs, white rofes, and and upon whom they may afterwards pads thirties interwoven, that their meaning for a piece of innocent pleafantry. wilj not be obfeure, and confequently no The dulleft of my readers muft, I am £ danger will arife to the government from Jure, by ibis time be aware, that the uti- this new and excellent invention. Kty of this inventfon extends, mutatis mutandis, to whatever can be the fubjea of «* Utility o/BROAD WHEELS letters, and with much lefs trouble, and coKpdered. much more fecrecy, propriety and ele- TjROAD wheels may be applied to the gancy than the old way of writing. J[j waggons and carriages at . prefent in A painter of but moderate (kill and ufe, without fo much as altering their fancy may in a very fhort time have p axle-trees ; and in that cafe the wheels reams of ready* painted paper by him to inftead of five feet two inches would be- fupply the demamds of the ftatefman, five feet eight inches, from out to out at the divine, and the lover. And I think bottom, which addition of width may It my duty to ipform the publick, that my be conveniently allowed, and carriages good friend Mr? Dodfley, who has long by that alteration would be much lefs complained of the decay of trade, and liable to overturn. who loves, with a prudent regard to his Narrow' wheels may be converted into own intereft, to encourage every ufeful broad ones by the addition of a row of invention, is at this time learning to paint G fellies on each fide, which, if properly with moft unwearied diligence and appli- bolted on with the joints of the different cation ; and I make no doubt but that in rows in different places, would render a very little time he will be able to furnifh inch a wheel Aronger than one made with all forts of perfons with the very beft fellies of a fingle piece. New wheels re*4y-inaxte gfiodf of tfjat kind. J. warn* may atfo be made by this method if ap- proved. Digitized by UOOQ IC

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UTfMTv of BROAD WHEELS. Jaw 254 proved, or if larger timber cannot eafily be had. Thefe wheels may be (hod with two tows of tire, or a plate the whole breadth. The iron by either method need not be heavier than at prefent is ufually put, which tho' much thinner would wear at ing ones it will appear, that double the weight to which* carriages are at* prefent confined, could do little damage to turn- pike roads on broad wheels : For, By thefe calculations * their different cfreds may be known. Four wheels with fellies two inches 1 long, becaufe the fame preflure would be ^ a half each are a line, fuperficies, or base divided on a larger fuperficies, and it is ** — ' :— u—. a-j &*.«» .~t^t- --1*1. of no confequence to keep the fides higher than the middle, nor would' the nails in the tire do any mifchief. Broad wheels can increafe the obftruc- tion only by a certain proportion of the seal additional weight; and this difad- vantage will be greatly overbalanced by of ten inchest And four wheels with fellies nine inches each, a bafe of thirty- fix inches ; therefore the proportion of preflure on the fame fuperficies is as 3$ is to 10. Suppofe four tons on a fuperficies of ten inches to cut a track half an inch deep, on a firm road at once paffing 5 and as a lofing that friction or obftm&ion which B track once begun muft be always con- rots occafion fldeways. The addition of weight to the wheels will afifW* the borfes in the following pro- portion, viz. as the length of the laver is to the diameter of the axis, fo is the weight added to the force required to draw that weight. For example 3 fuppofe two hundred weight, or 224 pounds, to be Q added to wheels whofe mean femi-dieme* ter is 27 inches and half, and the femi- diameter of the axis two inches and half; then the length of the laver will be 25 tnches»and the diameter of the axis 5 Inches * Therefore as 25 is to 5, fo is 224 to 44.Sk Wheels funk into the foil are for over going up hill, tinued, fupppfe this weight to be con- ftantly paffing till it has wore a track or rut 10 inches deep, then the Came weight on- a bafe of thirty »fix inches, on once paffing would wear a track not quite * of an inch deep. For, as 36 is to 10, fo is .5 to .1399999 (almoft£). And when a track or rut of ten inches . deep is cut by four tons paffing on a bafe of 10 inches, the fame weight on a bafe of 36 inches, paffing in the feme track would wear it but the depth of two inches and almoft ±. For as .5 is to '1399999, fo is 10 to 2,799998 (almoft 2 inches £)• But as a track made by a broad wheel D paffing once or twice would be imper- ceptible, the feme track would never be continued, except in roads juft wide enough for a carriage to pafs, therefore in all fuch roads as have room for mote than a fingle carriage, no ruts could ever be made, especially if the widths between the wheels were varied according to the convenience or fancy of the owner. Carriages for timber and all things of great weight and fmall bulk, would be ftrongeft with wheels near each others And on the contrary, things of large bulk and finall weight would be moft conveniently carried between wheels further apart. But fome limitation of width (tho* not of narrownefs) may be neceflary to prevent a tarded by that double fide preflure, to F road from being too much -covered by a which narrow wheels are liable, and when fingle carriage. (tho* the ground they move on is level) thus or, which is equally difadvantageous, muft drive the foil before them. The force required to break out of deep » ruts is very great, the wheels at that time tt lofe the power of a laver, and ad almoft as a fledge $ betides having all the other difficulties to encounter, and in a higher degree. Broad ■ wheels would be greatly prefe- rable to narrow ones on a fendy road, as they would roll over it and not be re- they are funk below their fellies they have the additional weight of fand to lift, with which they are covered : To thefe caufes it is owing that all carriages move more heavily in that foil, than on a firmer one. For all thefe reafons, in roads without ruts, the fame weight might be moved p w*.7 |i«ivu «.«v «*««*« -pt»/ w u*u*m~ with much lefs force: And by the follow- ^ ralized by a& of parliament, being of the Subflance of tbe ACT to permit Perfims pi of effing the Jewity Religion to be natm- rali zed by Parliament, Bee. TH £ preamble recites .the a& of the 7th of James L which requires every perfon who fhall apply to be * Theft calculations regard wear only, but narrow wbetk have another and more wdfebie operation j 'when the edges of their tire are wore off, they become wedges, and the weight nfnm them ejfeeJUal rjntmers, effing more to divide than towfar the foil \ etnd'frm tbu h c m vsliso broad <mcs ivottld be totally exempt, Digitized by UOOQ IC

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1753- Jews A°T- Kimrh m Tub Brothers. 25$ the age of iS, or upwards, to receive tronage, or prefentation, or other right the Sacrament of the Lord's- Supper with- or intereft whatfeever, of, in, or to any in one month before the bill for fuch na- benefice, prebend, or other ccclefiaftical turalization be exhibited : whereby many living or promotion, fchool, hofeital, of perfons of confiderable fubftance profef- donative whatfoever ; and all and flngu- fiag the Jewifli religion are prevented from for eftates, terms, and other interefts what* being naturalized by bill to be exhibited foever, of, in, or to any benefice, pro- in parliament for that purpofe s And the ^ bend, or other ecclefiaftical living, ftc« ad of the 13th of hi* prefent majefty, which, from and after the Add June i, whereby perfons profeffing the Tewim re- mall be made, foflered, or done, to or ligion, who have refided, or uSaH refido for the ufe or behoof of any foch perfon for 7 years or more, in any of his ma* or perfons, or upon any truft or coaft- jefty's colonies in America, are nature- dence, mediately or immediately, to or lized upon their complying with the terms for the benefit or behoof of any fuch per-, therein mentioned, without their rectiv- fon or perfons, mall be utterly void and ing the Sacrament of the Lord's-Supper : of none effect. It is therefore enacted, That perfons pro- " fefiing the Jewifh religion may, upon ap- Part of a Letter from a CtntUman in fit plication for that purpofe, be naturalized Country to bh Friend in London, by parliament without receiving the Sa- A GREEABLE to your requeft, I (baH crament of the Lord's- Supper, the feid J\ give yon my opinion concerning the ad of the 7th of James I. or any other two plays yon were fo kind to fend me, - law, (Urate* &c. to the contrary in any viz. The Earl of Effex^and The Brothers *• wife notwithstanding. I pretend not to examine by the rules Provided always, That no perfon (hall Qoi critichm. The judgment I pretend to hereafter be naturalized in purfuanee of in dramatick performances arifes from this ad, unlets in the bill to be exhibited this, viz. bow for they pkafe me. When for that purpofe there be a daufe inferted, a perfon of a tolerable natural capacity, declaring, that fuch perfon (hall be liable without prejudice, does not like a play, to the dHabilities exprefled in the ad made tho* he cannot diredly determine from what in the firft year of his late majefty king tfburce that diflike arifes, yet you may George I. entitled, An ad to -explain an venture to affirm it has its defects.— -Such ad made in the lath year of king WH- ie my cafe with regard to The Brother** nam III. entitled, An ad for the further *J I was far from being charmed with it a limitation of the crown, and better fe- but that I might not barely tell yon, I did curing the rights and liberties of the fub- not like it, without amgning any reafons, I jed. coiifidered it mm attentively, todifcover, Provided aUb, That no perfon mall be if poffible, why it afieded me fo very lis- naturalized by virtue of any ad to be tie.— The reafons I take to be tbefe. made or paflfed in purfuanee of this ad, In the firft place, I cannot apprehend who (hall not, for 3 years or upwards, any moral can be drawn from it, either before the time of the exhibiting the bill £ diredly, or by juft inference. It muft be lor that purpofe, have refided in his ma- owned, that this is an objection that may jefty's dominions of Great- Britain or Ire- be charged upon many of our play* j land, without being abfent out of the but (till I take it to be a capital erron lame for a longer fpace than 3 months Dr. Young, efpecially as a clergyman, at any one time during the (aid 3 years. (hould have been fenfible, that the great Provided alio, That no perfon (hall be end of all dramatick compofitionsonght to naturalized by virtue of any ad to be be a rational entertainment, not an- idle made or pafled in purfuanee of this ad, « amufement* The dramatis perfume are unlefs proof (hall be made by two credi- r few ; and yet made fewer by two, who ble witnefles, that fuch perfon profefleth are merely (hadows, contributing nothing the Jewifh religion, and hath for 3 years to the adion of the play, viz. Antigonus pad profefied the feme. and Delia : And much the feme may be And it is farther enaded, That from faid of Pericles. They barely prevent fo - and after June i, 17^3, every perfon pro- liloouies. Surprizing and eroding taring the JewUh rehgion (hall be difebled, cidents are fo thinly fown thro* the play, and is hereby made incapable to purchafe, that in my opinion, it is thereby rendered either in his or her own name, or in the G vei7 languid.— There does not appear to name of any other perfon or perfons, to me a perfed confident charader, ex* his or her ufe, or in truft for him or her, cepting that of Perfeus, which is that of or to inherit or take by defcent, devife, a grimed villain.— That difplay of Atnet or limitation, in poflefl&on, reverfion, or nian eloquence in the third Ad I look remainder, any advowfon or right of pa- upon as a tedious fufpenfion of the a£Hc*». The • fit an axcHut rftbtft ftps flay* in ntr Mff. fir March ftj/f, a. 99, tax, Digitized by GOOQ IC

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a56 Discriptiow of WORCESTER. Jtmo The fpecHtors did not want to be informed; are near 2000 houfos, it beirfg reputed and it gives one an abhorrence to fee guilt the 6th biggeft city in England. The plead in its defence with more fucceft pabiiclc buildings make a grand appear* than innocence.— But what furprifed me ance, particularly the Guildhall, which is the mod of all was to find fo ft range a large, but very old. It had formerly a cataftrophe. However it may happen in cattle, as alfo walls i6co paces in coat* the world, I cannot but think poetical pafs ; but both cattle and walls are long juftice (as far at lead as relates to the A flnce deftroyed. The cathedra] is a large" punimment of guilt) abfolutely rtecef- edifice, the exaft model of that at Bruf- lary. When vice comes off with im- fels, with an elegant choir of very curious purity, we rife up greatly dittatisfied. It workman rhip, ito feet long. The whole raifes pity to fee innocence fuffcr, but in- length of the church is 394 feet, the dignation to fee vice triumph. The poet breadth 78, and the tower 162 feet high, makes but poor amends, by telling us in The ftreets are broad and well paved, of the epilogue (fee p. 138.) what ought to which the Foregate.ftreet h remarkably have been feen in the play. I own 1 p, regular and beautiful. Here is a noble Jhould have been much more pleafed if • hofpital, in the building of which Robert (like Shakefpear) he had tranfgrefled the Berkley laid out 2000I. and endowed it unity of time, and (hewed us Perfeus with 4000]. for 11 poor men. Befides a captive in the triumphal entry of iEmi- the king*s fohool, founded by Henry VIII. Kus.— The condufion is fo abrupt, that we here is a grammar free-fchool, with two are left in the utmoft anxiety. The king, others,, for the fame learning. It is re- I think, at left departs from his character; marked, that the Severn, tho' generally be fees his fon die, and clofes with a rapid elfewhere, glides gently by this city, calmnefs I did not look upon as natural. C Here is a very good water-houfe and Befides, we ought to be a little more cau. quay. This city was erected into an epif- tioos of exhibiting fcenes of fuicide upon copal fee by the Saxon king Ethelred, cor ftage.— The language is nervous and anno 679. The bones of thofe who were laboured 5 but it fecms to me to want that (lain in the battle between the forces of genteel, eafy and (lowing elegance which Charles II. and thofe of the parliament we find In Eflex. But perhaps mod of under Oliver Cromwell, in which the for- thefe objections proceed from chagrin, mer were totally routed, are often dug rather than cool judgment, as I expelled j* up in a garden juft without the fottth from fo celebrated a character as Dr. Young u gate j and in the park above is a great Something extraordinary, and beyond the work, with four baftions, called the reach of common dramatick writers. I Royal Mount, from whence a vallum was fo exceffively pleafed with all his other and ditch run both ways to encompai* works (of which' perhaps I was a better that fide of the city. Coals are carried judge) that I was *exed that he did not here on horfes backs in panniers, like r to me fo far to excel in this. thofe of our higlers, only they are open The Earl of Eflex pleafes me much : at top j and they are (old here by the But I (hould have been more pleafed, if £ horfe.load, as they are in London by the the author had acquitted himfelf fo well chaldron. In this city the knights of St. (as I think him very capable of it) on a John of Jerufalem had a monaftery with* fobjeet unatttmpted before. out the (outh gate, in the London road, now in ponefiion of Mr. Wylde t It is * U our loft we gave a beautiful M A P of *M oW houfe of timber ; and the hall, WoacisTiasmai, with a Defcription rooted with Irifii oak, which makes one •I that County, p. 107, 208. In this fi?c •» lt> w** h"&t for the reception of Defcription the Gty of Worcetter was of p pilgrims. don, its Situation, the Number ofCburtbtt, 4 White Lady s.- 5 The bndge.-6 Su the Market Days, its Government, Mem* Clement $—7 Berkley's hofpital.— 8 The hers of Parliament, ftc. But as we have T*er,enSinc-'r0 All faints.- 10 St. Ni- here riven aVtimof that ancient City, biotas t.~ n The key, or quay— n St. we (ball aid a few Particulars to what was Andrew s. — 13 St. Swithw's. — 14 St. there mentioned. „ Martin's. -15 Town-hall. - 16 St. Al- G ban*s.— 17 The bi(hop's palace.— 18 Su WOacasTta is foppofed to be one Helenas. — 79 The cathedral. — 20 The of the cities built by the Romans, college fchool. — 21 The priory gate. — for curbing the Britons who dwelt be* 22 St. Edger's tower. — 23 The county yond the Severn. The tower on the bridge goal,— 24 The caiUe hill, being ruinous, was pulled down. Here 1 J O V R* Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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JOURNAL of the Proceedings and Debatm in the Political Club, continued from p. 169. Efau. He fold his birthright for * '& tut ntver etnti having a Debate mefs of pottage, and when he waa • in our Clvb ttpon any important under ft moft urgent necf.flity : But " Quejfion that arifes in Politicks, we ire going to give it away for no- . we could not fafi over in Silence thing, and when we are under no die Bill to permit Perfons profef- neceffity. Our national debt is, it ', flog tile JewiJB Religion, to be A is true, become monflroufly fcreat, naturalized by Parliament ; and fo great that, I befteve, we Jhould the firjt Debate we bad upon this be under great difficulty to find * Snbjea, was opened by A. Nonius, means for fupporting another war* ' who/e Speech was npon tbis Otca~ would fuch a misfortune foon hap* Jhn id Subfianu as follows % viz. pen ; but till then we can be unde* ar dl. cj~. . no nfCcm^7» *ftd even then we M*. Frepdtwtt B mould not. I think, part with our S" I R9 birthright for nothing. I HOPE feme of the gentlemen, Sir, when I fay we mould not who are advocates for this bill, give away oar birthright for no- will rife up and inform the houfe, thing, I muff fuppofe, that we might Eat terrible crime the people of this , fell it for fomething ; and I am war- gdom have1 committed ; for I ranted in this fuppofirion from what I muff fuppofe, that they have been C is told us by our hiftories. The Jews guilty of feme heinous offence, be- never did obtain the protection o* caofe we have of late had fome fort . countenance of the crown, even foe df bill offered every year to parlia-. living and trading in this kingdom* ment for depriving them of their without a very valuable coniidera- Sfrthright : I fay, depriving them, tion ; and our hiftories tell us, that Sit; lot the communication of a they offered 200,000!. to Oliver privilege is, in fo far as that com- D Cromwell for a naturalization More* rounication reaches, a taking it away over, I have heard, that thy offered from thofe who had before the fole a much larger fum both in the reign* right to it. Attempts have formerly of king William and queen Ance^ . been made to rob them of their birth- I may thetefore fuppofe with rea- rlght as EngUfcrnen, but this bill I fon» that they would now give a inalt look on as* an attempt to rob kn^r fum than they ever before them of their birthright as Chrif-.E offered, as the birthright of Englifh- tfons. We know what a curfe Efau men is become much more valuable, IJSronght upon himfelf and his pofte- and as the Jews have of late vaftly rity, by felling his birthright to his increafed in riches as well as num- ftother Jacob for a mefs of pottage, bers in all parts of Europe, efpe- v&hen he was faint and at the point daily in this country. But they may cif dying for hunger : His pofterity now with the poet fay, . item to ferve the pofterity of Jacob : F — qo0d optanti dmim prwniteere nemo oQught we not to fear, that this may Auderet, vohrenea dies eo attulit oltro. lie the fate of our pofterity, as we For could it ever have been expected* jflfe pow about to fell our birthright that what they have fo often offered t& tht pofterity of that fame Jacob ? fuch large fums of money for,- ffiould 2&U» I ihould not fay, Sir, for we at laft be freely granted for nothing, mbe going to a& more fooiiihly than and even without their a&ing, fo June, 1753. far as appears, and what I indeed W N*— . K k believe Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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%$% Prociedikgs *f tb$ Political Club, &c. . Jtm» Relieve to be really the cafe ? Bat feffion of that privilege which bt* whatever I-belie*e,. whatever may -EJnga to than ai ^glflnmcii and it be known byfome gentlemen in this Chriftians. But a notion has of late houfe, it witt not be believed with- years been propagated by fome no- out doors, that fuch a fignal favour tional gentlemen, that the birthright lias been granted for nothing : It pf an Englifhman is a right whiclnii will be fufpe&ed, that a large Aim A fo far from being worth preserving, has been paid for it, and as this is that it is prejudicial to the commu- kept fccret, as no part of this fum 'nity, and that therefore it ought to is to be applied either to the publick be abolifhed * for fo it will be, mould -fervice, or to the drfcharge of our it ever be granted to all thofe who national debt, the people without are ncft by their religion* declared ndoors will conclude1, that' tho* they enemies to the continuance of bur Ido not fell, they are fold, which B prefent royal family upon the throne 4vill tend to raife a popular difcon- of thefe kingdoms. How this po- tent againft our prefent adminiftra- don has been taken up, I cannot lion, and may tend to raife popular comprehend ; for I am fure it is not tiifaflfeclion to the prefent illuftrious founded upon the example of the family upon our throne ; therefore ' ancient republican government' of I am furprized to fee this bill patro- Rome, which thefe notional gentle* tiifed by any who have the honour Cmen feem fo much to admire. The «-. — -and advantage of being employ* old Romans were , fo far from grant- ed by the crown, or by any who ing the privilege of being Free cT& pretend to be real friends to his ma- sens of Rome to every one tbat aiked jefty ; unlefs the pufhing of it thro* it, that by refuting to grant it t# both houfesof parliament be intend- thofe great cities of Italy which had •d as a compliment to the crown, been long under their dominion, that his mdjefry niay have an oppor-D and which had contributed* greatly sanity to gratify his people by re- towards extending ^hejr conqueils^ jeding it, when k comes to be laid and enlarging their empire, they before him for his rdyal aflent. brought upon themfelvfs one of the. v-This, indeed. Sir, would be an moft daneerdus wars they were ever txcufe for the bill's being patronifed engaged in : I mean, the focUlt beU by thofe who pretend to be friends lum, in which m6ft of the great d- . to his majefty and his family, and £ ties in Italy were aflbciated againft fliould the bill pafs this houfe, 1 hope,' trfem ; and tho* they were at laft he will mike the proper ufe of it ; obliged to grant this privilege to tht for whatever offence the people of people in Italy, and often in grati- this country may have committed' - tude granted it to particular tides, againft feme of our minilters, I am * yet it was never granted to thofe of fure they have not of late committed' the provinces' in general, and evea* any offence againft his majefty or F Under their emperor;, it was for his illuftrious family. : On the con- fome time purcnafed by particular, trary, their ready fubmiffion to all men at a great price', as we are in-' the additional loads that have of late formed by the moft authentick hif- years been laid upon them, and in tory we have, even that of the Ada particular the zeal they (hewed upon of the Apoftles. a late memorable occafion, for the I know very well, Sir, upon what fupport of our prefent happy efta Q thefe naturalization fchemea * ar*' blifhment, entitles them to all the founded: Gentlemen have heard it favours that can be bellowed by the" laid down as a maxim, that the crown, and furely, much more to ftrength of a country depends. u£6n mat of being preserved in the pof- the numbers and the rjches of its ' people i Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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tJsV Pitociipifcds of /WPbtiTicAt Ctxii, &c: %si 44op!e ; and this maxim they adopt people ; and that- principle, which in general* without considering, that H founded upon religion, has always it muft always be accompanied with appeared to be the moll cogent and twd neceflary conditions, one of the mod to be depended on. It it which is, provided the people be for this reafon, that what has of lata, unanimous, and atl ready to co-ope- , years been called liberty of confer fate for the jmblick good, or for A ence, may be, and generally has been* tsie defence or their country ; for if more indulged in abfolute govern- the people be divided into fe#s or ments, than in any fort of democrat parries, and every one ready to fa- tical government ; for what in this crifice his country to wha't he thinks country we call liberty of confei- may be of advantage to his CtEt or ence, that is to fay, a liberty not party, their numbers only fcrvt to only to profefs openly,' but even to> oreed confufion, and to Furnifh fuel B propagate whatever fort of religion lor the flames of difbrder or civil a man pleafes, has too often beea war : And the other condition al- made a pretence for forminga party, ways necefiarity attending upon this againft the government.4 When I maxim is, provided the people have fay this, I hope, I (hall not be fup-F courage, arms, and military difci- pofed to mean, that people ought ^ pline fufficient for defending the to be perfecuted for the fake of re-; riches they poflefs ; for otherwife C ligioh ; but there is a very great dif- j their riches ferve only as a tempta- ference between this and allowing . tton for their being invaded, as it ehthufiafts and feclaries of all forts, may often be impoffible for them to and now at laft Jews, to have a (hare - procure mercenary troops, and they in our government : I fay, a (hare* are always in .danger of being fub- id our government, for by this bill, dued and plundered by thofe very and by the doctrine lately eftablifhed ' mercenaries they hire for their de-D by our lawyers, a multitude, of Jews fence! ' may have votes for members of par- Thus, Sir, with theft two condi- liament, and we may foonhave fome tions the maxim muft be allowed to of them in this houfe. be a juft and right maxim ; but thefe Having mentioned the doltrina two conditions muft always be care- .' lately eftablifhed by bur lawyers, 1 1 fully attended to by thofe who live muft obferve, Sir, that if this doc* under a free government, and have E trine holds, if it be true, that a a" mind to prefer ve that happinefs ; Jew born in any of the Britifh do- £qt fn abfolute and arbitrary govern- minions is a nutural born fubjeel, snehts,' rfhall grant, thefe conditions and notwithftanding his continuing a ! sure not fo neceflary, becaufe the Jew, is entitled to all the rights and people have tio fiiare in the govern- privileges enjoyed by any other dif- ment, which is always fupported by a fenter from the church of England : Handing mercenary army ; but then F 1 fay, Sir^ I mull obferve, that if the ftrength of fuch a country does this be true, there is Vtxy little oc- ^ not depend fo much upon the num- cafion for the bill now before us. bers or riches of the people, as upon The Jews born in the Britifh domi- the numbers and difcrpiine of its ar- nions can have no occafion for it ; xntes ; and thofe armies are not ac- They may purchafe houfes and gar- * tuated by principle, bpt merely by dens : They may purchafe lordftnpt felf-intereft : Whereas even the ar- and lanjls : They rriay be chofen mies of a free people muft be ac- members of this houfe : They may rated more by printfpfc than' by by our fovereign be made members fefPfcrterdF, otherwife an end will— of the other ; and they may have fo*rr!be put to their beipg a free fynagogues for the propagation of ' 'JCfc 2 '" • * -: ' JudAiflJl Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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}6q PftocfciDivQS*/ /& Political Cmxi* (*t Ji»$ ^lairm in every cprncr of the coon- Engliihmeu, and the profe&fon qf as well as in London. Then at this crown, in the feveral .cojintrica to Jews born abroad, they may all where they defign to reiJde * and repair to this happy ifland from the this will of cburie involve as in dif- remoteft corners of t^ie earth, in fall pates with many of the powers of confidence, that their children,' or Europe, efpeciaPy with .fpain an& their childrens children will enjoy all A Portugal. Suppose a Jew, who nasi thefe rights and privileges, and in appeared in Portugal as a Chriftiajy the mean time tjiey themfelves will fliould come vcr, and after beinjg e"njoy all fuch privileges as are ne- naturalized here, flipuld return thi-. ceflary for carrying on any trade or ther again and .appear as a Jew* da, . baiinefs they may pleafe to engage we flunk, that the in<jui£uon there*, in : Nay, they may even purchafc would not lay hold of him ? -And t£ tioufes and land eftates in the name B he fliould be condemned to fuJFer afc df fome brother Jew, 'under a cove-, one of, their Juto 4 Fes for having, nant, that upon their death he /hall' relapfed to Judaifjp,, wbatcopld qu^/ convey it to their Ton or grand fon, government do ? As an Eqgliihnian), pod in the mean time allow them they ought to reclaim him : fy}t do. the poffeffion. Therefore, upon the we think, that the king of Portugal promulgation of this doctrine, and would, or could give him up ? Sup- without our paffing this invidious C pofc a naturalized Jew (hould go bill, I ihall expect to fee the Jews and fettle in fome o£ thofe countries^ become the higheft bidders for every from whence all Jews b»vc been or. eftate that is to be purchafed in Eng- may be banifhed, do we think, that land, the counties of which, I fup- he would be allowed to fettle rhero j)bfe* they will at fome private meet- as an Engli(hman, if they knew ing divide among their leveral tribes, him to be a Jew? Again, Sis, * by lot, as they of old did the land P Jew by being naturalized would bo #f Canaan; and when the rich Jews entitled to* a Mediterranean pais* kave thus become poffefled of land could we c*pe&* that the pirates of eftates, great numbers of poor Jews Barbary would let him pais as ap, , snuft neceffarily fettle in their neigh- Englifhman, if they knew him tobt • boorhood ; for we know, that they * Jew refiding in Portugal or Spajn.** can make ufc of none bat Jew It would be cndlefi. Sir, to mention, batchers, bakers, poulterers, and the E all the difficulties we may he expo/of like trades, which of courfe muft to by naturalized Jews going to iet- make them foon become very nume- tie in foreign countries as Engjifh- rous in this country, efpecially as men, efpecially, if in confidence, of they are warmly attached to thofe our protection, they fhould them of their own nation and religion, openly profefs their being Jew*, perhaps more than any other nation Therefore, as there is no great oc-r-. or feet of religion whatever. F cafion for this bill, and as it will bo For this reafon, Sir, I am of attended with innumerable bad cos*- opinion, that without oar paffing this feguences, Jt hope it will not bj* bill, all fuch foreign Jews as are re- committed. folved to fettle themfelves and fami- T|t| ** p-M;^tfc m^ ^ ^^ ' lies in this country, will come over J0*' I^^T^^rJP ^' as foon as they hear of this doctrine's ^ **/£** twHm BJfia, btW eftablifhed ; but if we pafsO Mr- rrtfidtnt, this bill, wc may exped, tfcat many SIR, Jews who have no defign tQ fettle T F people would but read the biU ere, will come over and be natura- t J[ now before us, and confider sbo Jized, on purpofe that they may be. .MlW' entitled to claim the privileges of L— D— -. Digitized by UOOQ LC

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xfg$: F**ci*dtk0s rf the Political Cx.tj», WrJ 261 lajr as it now (tods with regard tor Ptpifts into the kingdom ; hot by nahyalfoatipE W natural bom fob- skit they likewife rendered it impoi- fc&s, 1 em jerfodtdt there could fible Cor any Jew to be tuturaliaed, be no oppoftioa to the~ bill within whatever merit he had to pkad9 and doors, lor clamour againjt it with, however neceflary hit naturalisation) out. Bat the bill ji gannrajjyjpif- might appear to be for the good of tajtea- bjr the people without o\w, A* the nation in generals TJms the law and, I believe, by ipq many within, has ftood in general ever face that TJw look upon it as a bill for a je . time 1 bat the parliament has fince, neral naturalisation of the Jews, and far the benefit of our trade and com* at fuch they exclaim againft it as a. merce, made two encroachments up* utemfure skat was never before at- on, or alterations, of this legal re- tempted m thif country. I therefore: ftraint j for by an aft pafled in thw hope, Sir, the houfe will give me B 15th year of Charles II. it was en- leave to open the true import of the. aded, That foreigners who foould* bil), and to explain Jiow our law for thcee years exercife in England, fiood formerly, and how it (lands at Wales, or Berwick* the trade ^of prefent with regard to the natural** breaking, htckling, or dreffing hemp- nation of the Jews. Before the reign or flax ; or of making and whiten* pf James I. or rather before the 7th ing thread ; or fpinning, weaving, year of that reign,' the king end C making, whitening, or bleaching- parliament had, a power to natura- cloth made of hemp or flax only *. Use any foreigner whatsoever, let or of making twine or nets for Ilia religion be what it would ; but fiihery, or ftoring cordage; or mak- as we had then but lately got rid of ing tapeftry hangings} Ihoeld, upon the Popifh fuperftition, as we had taking the oaths of (hpremacy and ffiU a great number of Papilla amongft allegiance beforetwo juftices of peace* na, and as the execrable powder- plot D enjoy all privileges at natural bom i^ad moft reasonably given as a fear fubjeds : And by an ad pafled ia *1 an abhorrence againit all people the 1 jth year of his prefent majefty, info^cd with that terrible diftemper all foreigners who ihould refide for of ute mind, therefore it was re- feven years in any of our colonies in folved, that no foreigner fo infeded America, and feould take the oatha ffceuld afterwards be naturalized s appointed by an ad of the firft year and in puffuance of this refol«tion,E of his late majeuy, fhould be deem* ay law was then pafled, by whi(h it ed his majefty*s natural born fobjede waaenaded, That aU fuck at were- of this kingdom. By both thefo afterwards, to be naturalised,, or re*, ads, therefore, even foreign Jewa rlored in blood, being of the age of may be naturalised, notwithstanding eighteen years, or upwards, mould the ad of James 1. and we may ob- receive the facrament of the Lord's - ferve a remarkable difference between • Supper, and the oaths of allegiance F the fpirk of the times when thefo and fnpremacy, that is to fay, the two ads were refpedsvely pafled* i^cramentof the LordVSupper with- In that of Charles II, there was not in one month before the bill for their the leaft care taken to exclude fuch naturalization ihould be exhibited, rSipiffsaa are wiUingto take ikeoatk npd the oaths of allegjnpce and fo- of faprcmacy ; but in that of h» presnacy at the ufual time: of pni&ng ptefcat maiefty there is an expreft file feme. - . - G provifo* thar no perfon, except This reftraint, Sir* both king and Quakes* and Jews* fhoujd bv any psu liameat then thought it aeceslary thing in that ad be nacnsalixod, tin. $* lay themfelves under, to order to left fuch perfon fcall have received peevent the inttodadio* of any awe ; the fe^rtjoaqnt -of ;tii I^noiYSupper Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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*5t PftOCMBIHCSUrf rifefftcfrfefL 'Cftfi* €## Juflc? in 4om4 rVoteftant or ' reformed con-' leave for bringing in a* Wlff ' or by re- gregatkra in Great-Britain, or fome jewing the bill after h it brought iny of oar colonies in America, within which' the parliament wofuftl ceiv three, months next before hir taking tainfydo, if any danger ihonJd begist the oaths, of which he is then t# to be dreaded from too great an m- jcoduce a proper certificate. creafe of their numbers, or if any' Thus, Sir, gentlemen may fee, A particular Jew fhould.be fofpe&ed: that by means of thefe two afts many - of a defign to get himfeff natural Jews may jpt themfelves natura- liztd on purpofe to go and refide aft zed, notwithstanding the ad of an Eriglilhman in any foreign cow James L but thefe caa Only be of try. she poorer (brt ; for we cannot ex- Therefore* Sir, if it were poffiblo pecV that a Jew- worth 50 or eb apprehend danger from- top great'" ieo,oool. will go to America, or R an increafe of Jews in this country, engage in any of the nianual trader or from their becoming poffdted of mentioned in the £rA of thefe afts, too great a (hare of our land eftates, aronder tot>btain a naturalisation in Or from our being involved in diiV abb country j and yet fuch is the le- nity of the government, and the Se- curity of property in this country ; pates by naturalized Jews claiming the privileges of Englishmen in any' foreign ftatc, no argument can b& • sjnd fo many are the advantages ofC drawn from fuch apprehensions, were' trade,' which may be reaped by a they as real as th?y are chimerical, man's living here, that many rich1 againftthe bill now tinder bur confl- Jbretgn Jews would certainly incline1 deration, becanfe it leaves the nattt-- to came and fettle here, if it were- ratization of every particular Jew un- jfoffible for them to ibe naturalized, der the examination andcontroul of' flat this cannot bedane even by king parliament. And as the Jews by and parliament, whjlft thjs aft of D their great command of money, and' James I. remains, in fdrcfe ; : for by* by their extenfive correfpOndence W that aft no menaber can prefent, nor1 ail parts of the known world, d» catf the houfe receive a bill for the increafe the coihmefce of every- njsturalizatton of any perfon, if fuch l country they repair to* k is certainly; periba has not received the facra- the intercft of every tracing" or^ma-- snent of the Lord's. Supper within nufafturing people to invite, or at .one month before piefeoting the bill E leafl: to render it poffibl* for tho^ for his naturalization. Now all that rich Jews to come and live amongfe* is intended by the bill now before them. This, Sir, is an uaanfwerable * os, is only to enable the parliament^ argument for the bill now before as, to naturalize a rich Jew, without his and at prefent we have another ar-' receiving the facrament of the Lord's-4 gnment equally (bong and more* Supper, in cafe he fhould defire it9 . prefling. Every gentleman muft fup- < and the parliament ihonld think fit ppofe, that a very considerable part* to grant the favour: There is no of our pnblick funds belongs tc* such thing defigned as a general na- Jews born and rcfidmg in fbreiea taralization of the Jews ; nor can it countries, confequently the yearly i* toppofed, that any poor Jew will produce of thofe funds, or a great be naturalized in confeqoence of this ' part of it, muft be fpent abroad, bill, becanfe of the great expenoe and of courfe muft be an annual that attends every bill of natuializa-Q drawback upon our general balance tton : .Nay, even as to rich Jews * of trade. Is it not then our intereft the parliament may as often, and' to invite thofe people to follow their Wthenit pleafes, pot a ftbp to their money, and to come and fpend their' maturalizitkuv by rcfofiog to grant' J yearly Jncdme in dm country, in*; z *ea4 Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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5r753* •I&owwmims.^' tie Political Clvi, Gfo *wy ibid of fpendrng it abroad, perhaps they wouldacquire, by engaging i» among cor moft avowed enemies f feveral forts or* manufactures here, J (halt not pretend to afcertain the or by gome to five for a few years jhare of. our publick funds belonging M our colonies* and which theijr ^oiuch jews f but I am very cer- Children born here would of courfe> tain, that if we could brine them all without any of thefe methods, b* over, it would add greatly to the A entitled to ; for I think it is now produce of our publick revenue, generally agreed, that a man torn and would prevent a very large fum in the BritiUi dominions, let his pa- from being carried out of thiteoun- rents be of what nation you will, try yearly, if the balance of tracle and let himfelf be of what religion. fee againhr as^or apon a par; and if you will, is a natural born fubjed, the balance of trade be in our fa- and entitled to all the rights and pri? voor, which, I hope, it is, it would B vileees of an Englifliman, fo far, at add yearly 4- large* film to out na- teaft, as they are enjoyed and belong rjonal.ftock of gold-arid fifverl ■» to diflenters from our eftablifhed • As to whs* the Hon. 'gentleman church. Even a FapflTborn here of was pleafcd uy (ay, Sir, about .our foreign parents, becomes entitled to felling or making a donation of on* ill the privileges of an Engliflimaa, birthright, -I muft beg his pardon to ib far at they ire, or can be enjoyed observe, that k It rather declamation (2 by thofe of fjiat religion in thia than' argument. . A privilege, r6* ft tonritry ; arid if our laws are mora the gentleman pleafet, a birthright, Severe agaiiift them than thofe of which may be communicated with- any other fed, it is becaufe we know' oat doing air injur? to thofe"fc#i from experience, that they will ne- mcrly pofftffod of it, is not takttf verbe content with indulgence, not away by communication i ' and ai td will grant it to others where they all the privileges now communicated 0 can acquire dominion, and becaufo by naturalization* • this is the Vtrf we have more reafon to be afraid csnV: No Enuliihman can properly of their acquiring dominion in thia be. (aid to be hurt bf the communi- country, at' their oowcr is much cationy becaufe far can no way fairer, greater than that or any other feci inlefs he iriade a very bad ufe of the! pt religion. privilege he enjoyed, by making if ' But, Sir, frotn this indulgence of a handle foe extortion ; and I hope £ out laws with refped to the children) it will not .be (aid, that a man is' df aliens born in this kingdom, the hurt by preventing its being in hie Hon. gentleman has drawn an argu- power to praclife extortion. But for merit again ft the brtl now before us ; (tod* fake, Sir, what are we to do for, fays he, as all the Jews know, by this .bin?. What rights, whatpri- or will foon know, chat their chil- vileget, are we to communicate ? dren born here will be deemed na- Not fo much as one/ Sir, as will ap- t> tural born fuhjecls without any na-: pear to every man that reads the bill, turalization billy there is no occafioa ind attends to whit 'he reads. We for the bill under confideration ; be. are only to enable the parliament to caufe without our paffing any fuch communicate to a rich Jew born bill, all the Jews who think of fet- abroad, thofe rights and privileges tling their families #here, will come which will belong to his children, dver as foon as"poflible, that their or grandchildren^ if; bora here; and q; children born afterwards may be en- fuppofiag, that poor Jews could or titled to the rights and privileges of would apply to be naturalized by4- Englithraen. On this Argument be bill, we are only to enable the par. of any weight, Sir, with thofe who1 liament to grant them that which confider ths many incapacities to — ; — :• - w*ick:

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which aliens are {ubje&fayourlaw? mercefini* th*rtvol*tioo, but the* If an alien fhould purchaie in this *»?• contributed largely towards country a real eflate of any kind, the foppert of oar govt rnanent, ndc lie cannot hold it, no, oof for w 4>sfy by the tttzea tney pay yeadf, file ; for the moment he hat pur- but by the vaft fumi of money they chafed foch an cftater it belong* to, have advanced for the pufalkk fir* and may be claimed by the crown ; A viae upee many preffirig occafions. J?ay, he cannot hold a leaie for So much, Sii> I aflrid not in Jears of any fuch eflate;, except only jnftjee avoid hying aa to the merit of a houfe for his habitation, in calt of the lev* ; and *a to the danger of his being a merchant, and even of om being inMvtd in disputes by of inch a hoafe the leafe goes to ^atamljaed Jew* going to refidt at the crown upon hit death, or hi* BftgUihmen in foreign ooantriea, 1 leaving the kingdom, tho* he per- B think we may from experience on* hap* paid a large line for th* leafe dude* that k it altogether chimera* in order to prevent his being obliged cal. Mat# Jews boa here, , and to pay yearly a heavy rent. I couM* oeafequaatly entitles! to all the pri- meation many other incapacities, bat vilego* of EagWhmen* have gone *• thefe, I believe, will be Aifficient aefidt, and, I believe, are now re* for (hewing, that no foreign rich (diflgta foreign countries j but they Jew will ever think of coining tq (J haver always bohsmd wkk foch prs* live here, while he knows k tab^ 4*s*e and Caotion, that we havo impoffible for him to be- naturalized pever to this ,day been engaged an without renouncing his religion, any difpute upon their Kccotmt; and efpecially if we confider, that iuch w* nuiA mate very improbable fop* lews generally, have children, per- pofltionv before we 'oak fopppie it naps grandchildren, born in foreigp peffibte, that the nation fhonld be parts, all of whom maft remain da- {) engaged in » difpute open the *U ring their lives under the fame mca* WW of any tiaturalioed Jewt everi paocies. with- Spain, Portugal, at the prtttfc As to the unanimity of oar peon csi tlaWin-iVridu- •• ple> Sir, I believe it can never bo . Thaie*. Sir*- at:m>' sUmch* qur at> expeded, whilft we preserve oar li- tend' out jWfing this b3l, and* aa berries : In free countries there will *»aeyj advantages will* in mjo ow always be parties and divifions j but It niooi acense froasi is, I hope, it wall religion has now left concern in our not only- be- committed, bat £*AsS divifions than it ever had heretofore* iftfD m law- which is owing to that indulgence the feveral feds of religion have fo T&t *$»t thtit fpkt qmo C JuiiasV long enjoyed in this country ; and I vtktfrSpiteb *was i* Smbjfami* ti*r* am fully convinced, that our efta* vi- v cj - blilhed church derivet more fecurity £ ™r.frt]tyHt% n f>om that indulgence, than it could? & J ## ever have acquired from the moft* X, AGR-BE withr* the noMe to* ievere pcrfecution ; for the mutual. X "** ipfikfr.laft,' that nothing jealoufy of the ftdarica will always; mord feeses to be* intended by cfc5> be a fecuritv for the eftabliihed btfl^ *b*» to impower the parti** church ; and it is* certain, that they, menC t# natfarahza fuch Jews- «r are all zealous for the fupport ofQ&aU apply fa*k} chriftia© country; but whatever mhijM for they have not only contributed *, . . to the increafe of our national com- $— E ■ J— •.

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t?Si* P*QQ***i*os* of tto Political Club, 6fr. %6$ torn to be intended,' every gentleman that people, but kept themfelves always may forefoev that * general naturalization a diftincl people j and tho' they were but •f the Hebrew nation will be the confe- one family When they firft Went into that * ouence ; for our laws are fo immutable, country, and for moft of the time were and every ftibjed has in this country fy kept in continual bondage, and numbers much Security for life, liberty, and eftate, of their male children at laft deftroyed, that I make not the leaft doubt of our yet when they were led out of it by having every (effion a multitude of Jews ^ Mofes, they amounted to about 600,000 applying to be naturalized 9 and as a fighting men, betides women, children, fcumberof them, I cannot fay how many, and Servants. may be included in one bill, the expence This account will not, I hope, Sir, be to every one will be very mconfiderable, controverted either by the Jews them- efpecially as wt ronft ftipjiofe, that every felves, or by their friends in this houfe y rich Jew who is to be naturalized, will and when 1 confider this account, when! •take care to have as many of his poor confider the numbers of them that are brethren as pofltble, included in his bill, here already, and when I confider the without tafimng upon their paying their " numbers that will flock hither in confer 6tti (hare of the expence. Then as to quence of this bill, T do not wonder at the poor Jews, who may net be able to -the alarm -taken by the people without get themfelves naturalized, what (hould doors 5 I am amazed how it has been hinder them from following their rich poflible to prevent its breaking into this brethren ? They may have houfes and houfe. The noble lord has endeavoured Jhops for Carrying on their trade 5 they to appeafe this alarm, by telling us, that may have licences as brokers or hawk- the parliament can put a flop to the na- ors, without being naturalized t Their Qturalieatton of any more Jews, if their children born here will, -they know, numbers -mould increafe fo much as tp „ Ibe naturalized j and if they grow become dangerous. But if thofe of true rich, (hey may themfelves be natura- Englifh blood have not now the power )tzed by bill, whenever they pleafe to to prevent opening this ftuice for letting apply for it. the torrent in upon us, can we hope, t hit I muft therefore, Sir, look upon this they will have power enough to (hut It «btl! to be in efrecl a bill for a general na- up, after the torrent is broke in, and toraKzatioti of the Jews j and confider- _ the Jews are become pofTefled, not only 4ng what infinite numbers' of them' are*' of all the wealth,' but of many, perhaps fpread over the whole face of the earth, moft of the land-eftates in the ktng- J am perfuaded their numbers will in- dom ? This hope, I am fure, is much . creafe To raft in this country, and they more chimerical than the danger 6f will get fuch a considerable part of our our being overwhelmed by the torrent iand-eftates into their' poftetiton, that before we begin to think of putting aftop they will foon contend for power as well to it. ' arpropefty. Let us confider, ;«ir, that Sir, I Hope, I am fpeaking to a ChrTf- the Jews are not like FrencV refugees, or E t|arn aflembty : How long I may indulge German protectants t Thefe in a genera* myfiHf in this pleating hope, I do not tipn or two become fo incorporated with '-know : but I do not yet fee a Jew a- os, that there is tfo diftinguiming them moogrf us, unlefs it be' in the gallery. from the reft of the people s Their chil- If we are ftill Chriftiaris, it muft have ' dren, or grandchildren, are no longer forne Weight to bbferve, that by this bfll, French or Qermans, or of the French or and by the doctrine lately broached by "German nation, but become truly "En e- ptir lawyers, that Jews born herd may Jifh, and deem themfelves to be of the « purepafe and {jdld land:eftates, we ire atngliih nation. But the unconverted giving the lie to all the prophecies in rhe Tews can never incorporate with us 1 New Teftament, and endeavouring, aa They muft for ever remam Jews, and far as *e can, to invalidate one of tho tjhe ftrprigeft proofs of the Ohriftian religion. er- py thole prophesies they are to remain in '* dift>effe.d : They are to remain without itfo 'any fixt habitation," untif'they acknow- but ledge Chrift to be the tA cflias, and tl|'en >ok G' tfoy *re *& I* gathered together from all the corners of the e,arth, and to be refto/ed hat to their native land j out by this bill, and ] in tkis new doctrine, we Ceerri refo|ved[to ' rkh ' gather, them from all coiner? o* the earth, 11 an4

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%66 Observations on Pl a ist e r of PARIS. June and to give them a fettlement here with- out any fuch acknewlcdg ment. Can it be poffible, Sir, that Chrtftians mould hope to fecceed in any fuch at- tempt i Erpecially, when we confider how literally the firft part of the Chriftian prophecy relating to them was fulfilled, fcy the terrible dcftrudion brought uj feeret committee to enquire, whether the Jews be allowed to hate a fynagogue, or other place of pubhck worfhip in this kingdom, and if they have, by what au- thority that indulgence haa been granted or allowed ; for I am fore, we have feve- ral express laws againft it, and no law, A that I know of, for difpenfing with them* The a& of toleration is fo far from allow- ing it, that It exprefly excludes from any benefit or indulgence thereby granted all fuch as deny the Trinity $ confequently, to allow the Jews any place of publick worfhip, or even to connive at it, is an exercife of a difpenfing power, which Is their nation and city, soon after their Imbruing their hands in the blood of our Saviour, how many of them fell by the edge of the fword, how many were led away captive into all nations, and how long Jeru&lem has been trodden down by thofe they call the Gentiles. This prophecy has been fo remarkably fulfilled, exprefly declared to be illegal, by the de "of ™ claration of vour rights and liberties ai and now (lands fiich a glaring proof the truth of the Chriftian religion, that if we have faith in any thing relating to that religion, it muft terrify us from attempt- ing to give a fettlemcnt to unconverted Jews, either by act of parliament, or by wrefting the common law of this king- I fay, wrefting the common law, the time of the revolution, afligned as the firft and chief caufe for our inviting over the prince of Orange, and taking arms againft that unfortunate and ill-advifed prince king James II. But, Sir, if it be refolded to go into a com- --„, w -„ mittee upon this bill, 1 hope care will be Sir $ for the Jews, tho' born here, wereQ taken to amend that part of it, where it never till lately deemed natural born fub- je&s : They cannot, in my opinion, be as yet deemed fuch by common law, be- caufe they cannot take an oath $ for an oath is by all our old law books defined to be, an affirmation or denial by my Cbrijha* of any thing lawful and honeft, is faid to be, by and with the confent of the lords fpiritual and temporal j for it cannot be fuppofed, that the reverend bench, or any one of our bifiiops, adviied or confented to this bill t I nope, they have all unantmoufly joined in a folemn proteft againft it ; and therefore I think, before one thaAiath authority to give the ^ that in juftice to them, and out of regard fame for advancement of truth, calling*' to their facredcharaAer, the word Jpiritmal Cod to witneft that his teftimony is true* In trials, indeed^ we have been under a neceolty to admit them, as well as thofe of all other falfe religions, to be examin- ed as witnefles j but the reafon of this is, becaufe the jury are left at liberty to give what credit they please to their testi- mony | and if they do give credit to E what they fay, it proceeds more from its verifimiJitude, than from the regard they are fuppofed to have for the oath they have taken ; for I hope no lawyer will lay, that as to thole crimes, fuch as treafon, where two wftneOes are exprefly required, two Jew witnefies would be famcient even againft a Chriftian. If this, by the p quirks of our lawyers, fliould be deemed r a compliance with the ftatutes, I could anign a reafon why a wicked minifter Jhould defire to increafe the number of Jews in this country $ but as this, I am fare, was not to much aa thought of by thofe who introduced this bill, and as there are other realbns enough againft it, ought to be left out of the bill. [Tbit Jovkmal to U umhaud in ear **«?.] T* th* AUTHOR *ftU LONDON MAGAZINE. S IR, IN reading a letter in your Magazine concerning PUdJUr 0/ Paris (fee p. 177.) I thought it would not be unaccep- table to your readers to have a further account, bow that, Co ufeful a fubftanee, is found and procured. The following obfervattons I made upon the fpot. Out of the Fauxbourg St. Martin, art feme large mountains, called La Butt ok Cbamomt, upon whofe furomlts are placed feveral windmills $ it is in thefe moun- tains where they dig all the plaifter (dm Plat*) for cementing their ftones In building (at Paris) and for making their 1 nave no occafion for explaining myfelf G different ftatues, images, Ac. and is what Upon this head In (hort, Sir, I think, that inftead of resolving to go into a committee upon this bill, we JbouJd refolve to appoint a we call plaifter of Paris, after being cal- cined. Upon the declivities, and fur- rounding thefe mountains, grows a (hort graft, intermixed with the following moft vj remarkable Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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mm 1753. Mr. Am e*>V Receipt far takivg-*ff Infcriptions. %6y remarkable plants, vii. Trifoi, htfmfh. Here are two 4>ecics of this j that Mdmh. mgr. foetid. Coronofus Rsullti, which is found in greateft quantities it Card*** JteUatms, Jfoe Calcitra*. B. & capi- Che worft fort, much harder, more opake, tulit floiofit, kryngum vutg. C. B. Sec. and nothing near fo beautiful to the eye j Upon the furface are fed great numbers of this fort is found intermixed between the /beep, and within the body of thefe hills lowed ftratum of plaifter- (tone, and are a prodigious number of cayerns, where when adhering to it, is alfo burnt for they nave been digging for many cen-£ plaifter : This is called du Tartre. But tunes. the firft mentioned fine fort the workmen The upper ftratum, which is generally pick out and prefenre for cleaning gold from 10 to 15 and 10 feet deep, is a fort and Giver lace (which they told me was of yellowi/h, white foapy earth, haying very prejudicial in wounding their hands j) whiter ftreaks or veins traverfing it x In in this, when held to the light, and by fome parts of thefe hills it is found break- regarding its glafly ftirface, are feen veins ing fomewhat Eke 'bole, but harder in of the moft beautiful colours, at red, others, and confiding of the moft thin n green, yellow, purple, blue, ire. its flaky lamina's, occasioned, I fuppofe, by » fhape is always pyramidal, generally two the foil being drier, not having moifture joined together, and is by the workmen, enough to cement thefe lamina's into one called du Ge/, and by the curious is known folid maft, as that is which is found by by the name of Lift's Sdeuiteu Belle Ville, where the country is more The way of burning this ftone for low : This earth is called by the work- plaifter is by breaking the large pieces TDitn, b morn f on ttrrt Z degraiffer. I could into thinner, piling them edgeways to learn no other vfe of it, then in taking about 10 feet high and 15 broad, leaving out fpots on cloaths 5 to the touch it's a Q four or five arched fpaces, like ovens little greafy, and to the taftc very abfor- mouths, where they light fires with billet bent and infipid. wood. When they have got to the bottom of There is great care required in not this whitilh afh-colour'd ftratum, they burning the ftone too much, for that eome to the vein of ftone made ufe of for makes very bad plaifter : When the fire burning to plaifter. This ftone, the is put out, if they find pieces that are not deeper they go, changes into different burnt enough (and which is known by degrees of hardneis and colour. The firft _ the blackim parts) they burn it over again, ftratum, and what they find in larger ** by laying it upon the top of other heaps, quantities, is of a white, inclining to a \ or yellowUh colour, of a crumblifh Yours, J. H* coarfe grain, whole fubftsnee confifts en* tirdy of fine finning mat, or fparry-like Mr. Amis, Secretary to the Society of Anti- •aitkles x This is the tort made ufe of ovaries of London, gave to that Scatty, for cementing the ftones in building : at May 3, 1753, the JoOoveng Method, or the bottom of this is found another ftra- JUeeipt, for taking 0/ the lnfcrifttmi from turn of a harder and more compact fub* £ Brats Plates in Churches. fiance, the mica fmaller, and lets percep- tible, compofed of lamina's, from 3 to 6 npAKE a little printers ink, or lamp and 8 inches thick, feparated by layers of 1 black and oil, pretty thick, in a the fore-mentioned whitim earth. vial, then with a fpunge rub fome of it Thefe thin ftratums of hard ftone, and amongft the letters j then wipe the fur- which is the bottom of all, is full of face dean, and lay a damp iheet of paper MuiuY hard veins, running horizontal, of over it, and over that, again, lay a piece which I can give you no defcription fo c of flannel cloth or bays 5 then roll a near, as In comparing it to the Indus /fc/- * glafs bottle, or any roller over it, to fink montii, or waxen vein, found in great the paper into the engravings, which will quantities about Sydenham, near London, fetch out the ink on your paper reverfed j and many other places. This left men- but by turning it to the light it will ap- tioned ftratum is what makes the fineft pear right ; or, by putting a clean Iheet and hardeft plaifter, and which is always of paper over |t, whilft green, rub it, chofen to caft ftatues, bufts, Sec. with. and it will ftand right* Between thefe different ftratums of Another way : Take paper, after your ftone, is found, in moft of thefe quarries, G Plat* *» weU c***n«^» •** *°vcr o™* th# a mining, flaky, tranfparent ftone, of a infcription 3 then rub it all over with topaz colour, dividing into the moft thin Wack lead, and the infcription win appear lamina**, (hooting always in a pyramidal in white letters, form, L 1 a A Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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a&J Summary of the laji Seflion Sf PirliMiientt - JaiW • Some objections were made agamft thd' M Scmmaiy of tbt moH important Affairs «ns, particularly agamft acknowledging bis majefty*s wffdom, that is tb fay^ tho TH E laft feffion, being the 6th of this wiftlom of his minifters, in purfuing tudt parliament, did not aflemble until meafures as might beft contributed idalft* the nth of January laft, when hh ma- tain and render permanent the' ge^eraf jefty opened the feffion with, a moft gra- tranouUHty of Europe j andfbme fever*' clous fpecch, which our readers may fee fpceches were made againft the meaforee in our Magazine for that month, p. 28. of our adminiftration'; but in this houfe. The addrefs of the houfe of lords, in an- as well as the other, the aefdrefs wai iwer to this fpcech, was moved for by agreed to without a diviflon j ahd the twb the earl- of Marchmont, and feconded by grand committees of Aippiy and of way! the lord Archer j and that in the houfe of and means being eftabnmed in the ufbal commons was moved for by Charles manner, as there was nothing very extra- Yorke, Efqj and feconded by' Robert ordinary in ariy bf their refutations, wf Tracy, Efqj both which addreffes, with mall give only the following abftrad of Ms majefty*s anfwer to each, the reader the foms granted and provided for by may lee in our faid Magazine, p. 28, 29. them, SHrlr in SESSION,1 1753. Navy. £• *• Z, Jan. a2,TpbR maintaining ten thoufahd feamen for 13 months* *753» " beginning Jan. 1, 1753, at 4I. oer man per month, (including ordnance for fea fervice; — 520600 — — For the ordinary of the Navy and half-jpay to fea oTHcers, for 1753 280206 13 xx Towards the fupport of the Royal Hospital at Greenwich, -for X753 ,1 0000 — -r »' 810206 xj 11 OlDNANCI. Feb. x. For the charge of the office of ordnance, land fervice, tor I7 For defraying the extraordinary expence of the faid office, not pro- vided for by parliament — — * . — , 881.7 .if > 1 16506 1 3 Foacxs. ■■■■ Jan. 29* For 18,857 effective men for guards, garfftms, and other forces In Great-Britain, Ouernfey and Jer fey, for 1753 "— 6x8315 7 fct * For the forces in the plantations, Minorca and Gibraltar $ and for provifions for the garifoas of Nova- Scotia, .Newfoundland, Gibral- tar, and Providence, for 1753 — — ' — 1}64BK> tS #^ For defraying^the. extraordinary expences of land farces and other fer- vices incurred in 1752, and not provided for — — 26689 13 1 ' On account of reduced officers of land forces and marines, for 1754 58000 — >** For allowances to the feveral officers and private gentlemen of the two troops of horfe guards, and regiment of horfe reduced 5 and to fbperannuated gentlemen of the four troops of horfe guards, for 1753 — _ — — — fig? 5 3 For pennons to widows of reduced officers, who died upon the efta- blnkment of half. pay, and who were married before Dec. 25, X716, for 1751 — — — ~ 303* *~ •*• For the out-pennoners of CheHea-hotytta), for 1753 — 38x70. 15 3 * i6t$02t — - iff KoVA-Sco^riA'. ■'■ ' ■ 1 ■■ '■ ■ > Feb. 20. An account of charges incurred -in maintaining the colony of Nova-Scotia in 17*2, not provided for by parliament — 47448 5 10 On account of maintaining the laid colony, for 1753 — 4.7167 o % 94615 J2 4 StTBSTDltS. ■■» Feb. 1. To enable his majefty to make good his engagement! with the » elector of Bavaria, purfuant to treaty — — 20000 — — The like with the king of Poland, elector of Saxony — 32000 52000 — — -* p?7T- Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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1753- Suromkry of the laft SdEon of Parliament 26$ DtriCfBNCltS. £. 9* d+ Feb. 20., To make good the ^erlckncy of the addition*! fttiUp duties at Chriftmas, 1751 ' — \ — — 7516 19 It The like of the duty oh licence* for retailing fpirituoiis Uqtiors, at Lady-Day, 175a — * — — — 749 3 it The like1 of thevduty of J 2s. per barrel on fweets, &c. at Mkhaelmae, J.75* — ! — — — -1- 9*4* 3 3l 1S512 6 6 Sundry Services. ■■■■■-■ Feb. 15* To capt. Tofiii Vernon, in full farisfaction for his intereft in 40 acres of Una, now in pcsTeflion of the crown, whereon the fort of Sheemefs Hands — — — 2114 a 3 March 15. To enable the comntimoners of Weftminfter bridge to maintain the raid brilge, and to perform the other , trurts repofed ■ in them — — *• — — 2000 — — Towards making and keeping in repair a road between CarlUle and Newcaftle upon Tynd «— — — 3000 — «•- For defraying the charges of the ' civil eftablifliment of Georgia, uA other incidental expefcees from- the furrender of the charter to his majefty, June 24, 17*2, to Jute 24, 1753 — — 2632 — — . Towards building a fori at Anarrsaboa, and for the maintenance and fupport thereof ; and for other forts and fettlements x>n the coaft of Afrjca> to be applied in fuch manner as his majefty mall think propek- — — , — a— — if£2p-r*- Tbefe fuftplies we Ifhall divide as follows : "" For the current fervice pf 1753 — . -» a* 2026303 tj 3} For fervfees incurred anl not prodded for — — — tjtox 13 c For deficiencies of former funds *- , — . —*' 18512 t 6 ~h* si 52707 17 %\ r — " -J-r 1 11 WAintnuiMnANsfirrijfctk S UP FLY* PAaTICtotAHV. Jan* 23* TJ Y the duty en malt, tec. continued from June 23, 175 $,' »753* * 13 to J1"1* H> *754 — — — — jetton r- «^ Hb»tg. By the land-tax as. in the pound for one year from March 25, 1753 — — — * — — «*- • IOOOOOO **• ** m Breath in the Exchequer on the a-7ths excife, granted by at? 5 ft 6* W01. &Mary — — — ,_ idc&t 14 3! By the like of the furplfa of the fund* for lottery, 17 14 — ^oilz ifc -* By tne ike of the additional duty on low wmes and fpitittious Honors, , grantbd by alls 16 antd 24 of his prefent majefty — $4£$> 9, — a)tech 47. By the finking fund — , —• — 4*0000 — — By the 4>rplus of the grants for the year 175a — ■ «*- >3»3S t —4 Snppjy voted in 1753 — Excecdings — *-* N, B. The feveral duties on (alt, and on red and wnite herrings delivered out for ftohne cenfumption (which by a& of 18 of frfs prtfent majefty, have continuance tHl March 25, 1759) made perpetual* (ubjed to be redeemed by parliament $ and after the principal and intereft due to the proprietors of orders made in purfuance of tl«e iaid ic"h and charged on the fai4 leveral defies, (hall be discharged 5 all the monies * axifing from the (aid duties are to* be made part of the finking fund. And (hat our readers may have at toe view a "ft ate of our publick accounts, we j 2902&3 it »f Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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A STATE eftbe National Debt, tsitfioed Dec. 31 EXCHEQUER. Amount cf the nativul Nnwties for long tenm/being *) *^**Dec*3i,i75r H 1*36075 17 10 J lot 100 93080 14 10 I 119750 37811 5 400000 600000 300000 879150 1100 3100000 3100000 500000 J\ the remainder of the original i JbixLCOttlributcd and unfobfcrib- € od to the Soutb-S 37*«« 5 600000 300000 716700 3100009 IOOOOOO 3100000 500000 4000000 4996©o 1750000 1150000 800000 639901 • 0} 136484 13 ii Digitifed by vjOCK IOOOOOO S814418 13 986800 900076 to 41*93*5 5 66090013 18 196840,* 8 IOOOOOO iaojs'5 * *5*5Se9 !

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ACCOUNT •/ /iff *V*4k» #/ tit fiwiin fund, *W t* the psymwt •/ wb*t dtki i*firtD9C.*S> »7*6> tkfsXfinJbsihitmaplud. Dr. iRS Exchequer to the fink- ing fund, between J>ec . r 1751, and?**. 11, 1751, pUff the gregate rand tth-Sta comp. fond — Crated good* imported, and undervalued j r. t. 750*96 5 705511 12 19 1294 16 Vi 1 10 6 I 1647704 4 a onio* brought to this fond by •a »5 i?5*» fooo/. f Ditto tmfubfcribed, 6 months f dne,>«. J, i75J>**i/. S«- y Ditto 173$, 9 monthi due/ 7»» to AW. 4, i7« J Ditto 1752, to ditto Ditto in reward for taking in fubfcriptions By the S§utb-St* company for ditto By deficiency of lottery an-* nuitiet, ztCh>iAm*t9 1751, 796/. 191. 114 ► Ditto at Mid/nmtr, 175a, 5310/. 191. 24 The duty on licenfes for re- tailing fpirituous liquors at im »75»» 9121 and***. t. ale> S «793 " * »JH4 109SS7 16 t| 17101 t f 641st 13165* *5Jf4 •SS7 5 6 • t % 1500 *J**7 19 « Duty on wines imported at Miijuwmtr, 1752 Ditto on glafi, fife. toOdTafcr »©» «7S* Ditro on fweett to ditto Ditto on houfes, &t. to ditto By the uflier of the Mtctbptr ^ for neceiTaries del;vered for £ annuities 1736 and 173$, C to Micbatlmat, 1751 J By ditto for ditto for taking X fund bills 1 75 1, to ditto * 3y a fum granted for the ftr- 1 ceoon* vice of the year 1752 5 * ^^ 74$ 17617 Jttst 9*46 11253 «57 7« 1 Si 5 »* it Si s s • 10 la %l IS 6 | "i } year 1752 to full of 1,190,041/1 i6i. id.l Emttif tur bills, 1750-^1 5 Co part of 1,400,000/. in ditto JbyV 639901 13*4*4 • Of 17355*9 6 to I

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272 Adventures of BERTHOLDE, June every feftival, with the Tallies of his wit s JirADTMTWii ^BERTHOLDE. tfe ieftrucled them by excellent fentencet, . £xtra0ed /rem tie French* Whb bk *hich he uttered from time to time \ fe Err joy cwri#fly t*gr4v*L J,at> ^xt & the prieft and the lord of BERTHOL,DE had a large head, as the manor, no perfon in the village wa* round as a foot-ball, adorned with treated with greater refped. His poyerty, red hair very (trait, and which had a contrary to cuftom, was not considered as gieat -reiemblance tothebriftles of a hog j a vice 5 and, what is very ftfange, it did an extremely Qicrt forehead, furrowed aot render him the object of averfion and with wrinkles 1 two little blear eyes, eontempt. So far was this from being edged round with a border of bright car- the cafe, the honeft country people, in nation, and overshadowed by a pair of A order to keep him amongft them, would large eye-brows, which Upon occafion, have contributed to his fupport $ but he might be -made ufe of at brumes 5 a flat not being willing to be a burthen to, than, red nofe, refembling an exttngulfher 5 a ehofe rather to leave the village, and to wide mouth, faom which proceeded two feck a living elfewhere. long crooked teeth, not unlike the tuflcs B With this view he went to, Verona, ' ef a boar, and pointing to a pair of ears, where Alboin, the fcrft king of the Lom- hke ttiofe which formerly belonged to ^ards, after having conquered tjic greateffc Mydas 5 a lip of a monftrous tfiicknefs, part of Italy, kept his court. Chance which hung down on a chin, that feemed conducted Bertbolde to the palace of this to fink under the load of a beard, thick, prince, and while he was" easing an4 ftrait, and briftly 5 a very mort neck, wondering at the beauty of the building;, ' which nature had adorned with a kind of his attention was drawn afide, to ob- oecklace, formed of ten or twelve fmall q serve [wo women at a fmall diftance, wens. The reft of his body was perfectly who bad neither nails nor fingers enough agreeable to the grotefque appearance of to fcratch with, nor a*volubility of tongue, lift vflage ; fo that from head to foot, he Sufficient to give vent to the torrent of was a kind of monfter, who by his de- abufe they feemed willing to caft out at formity, and the hair with which . he was each other. : covered, had a greater refemblance to a Bertholde was fo much diverted with bear half licked into form, than to a hu- this fane, that he had no inclination to man creature. put an end to it j but a flop was put to .But tho* nature had treated him fo ill D Jiig fatisfa&ion by one of the king's offi- with re^xft to his body, (he had recom- cert, who came with his orders for part* ( penled him by the fubtilty, the agreeable- ing the combaunts t be commanded them ' neis, and the fqlidity of the mind, (he to lay their complaints before his majefty, had united to it! This advantage, in ft- who had promlfcd to do them'juiHee* siitely more precious than all others, raifed Upon this their fury ceafed, edfeh picked him from being a fimple and mean pea- up her cap, and finding her doatfcsj>nje him amends for the poverty Tho* a peafant, tho* a down, tho* ef. hit $*rents* *nd tne deformity of his di%raoed by nature, seafen di&attd to perfon, which was more fit to affright him, that all men were formed by the eHUdren, than to raife his fortune j and fame hand, and created in a perfect eqee- therefore, the mirfes and mothers of the Jity ; he therefore thought there was no village had nothing more to do, but to perfon on earth with whom he might not mention his name to- make their children be allowed to converfe familiarly, euiet when crying, or to make them cry G ln confequence of this principle, he when A|a/ were quiet. entered the palace without any conductor, ■But the pleafore he gave to the other marched up flairs, traverfed the apart* peVaats, warequal to the terror his fi- * tnents, and entered into that in which the jure caufcd in the Jit tie innocents. Bar- king was fur rounded by his courtiers, theWt- diverted them on Sundays, and trho were converting with him in a ro- fptafui Dijgled by GoOgle

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*753 Advewtvres vf B E R T H O L D E. 273 fpe&ful pofture, and laughing at the two not pofiefs ?— Felicity, which was n™*r women, who had juft been quarrelling in the power of kings, who enjoy Itfs oi before the window : But how gieat was it than tl.c reft of mankind.— How ! am their aftoniihment to fee Bertholde walk r.ot I happy on To elevated a throne ? — in with his hat on his head, and, without Yes, you are, if the bappinefc of a man (peaking a word, come boldly up to them, contifts in the height of his feat. — Do and feat himfelf by the fide of the king, you fee thefe lords and gentlemen that arc in a chair which they, out of refpeel, had £ continually about me, would tl«ry He al- ien: empty !v SurpriEed at this ri^licity, ways ready to obey me, if they were r.ot and more ftiil, at his grotefque appear- convinced of my power ?— And do you ance, they flood immoveable at the view rjot fee, in your turn, that there are 2s •f this fecond JE(opy whofe mean drefs many crows, waiting to devour a carenfe, was very ful table to his deformity. From and who, to prevent its feeing their de« this ruftick behaviour, the king eafily tigns, begin by picking out it> eyes. — gueflcd, that he was one whom curiofity Well faid, but all this dots not hinder h,ad brought to his court. And as he had me from mining in the midft of them, as learnt from experience, that nature fome- * the fun amongft the ftars. — True, but tell times hides her tieafures under the moft me, ihining fun, how many eciipfes you unpromifing form, he refclved to have a. re obliged to fufTer in a Year ? Why do a' familiar converfation with him, and for ycu put this queftion ? — Bccai:fc the con- 3 few minutes, in complaifance to the tinual flatteYy of thefe gentlemen will clown, to forget his own grandeur and . raife a cloud that muft darken your under- dignity. Who are you ? cried tlie prince ftanding.— On this foot then, you would to Bertholde : How did you come into not be a courtier ? — Mifcrable as I am, the world ? What is your country ? — I {, 1 mould be ferry to be placed in the rank am a man, repKed the peafant.; I came of Haves ::Belides, 1 am neither knave, into the world in the manner Providence traitor, nor liar, and confequently hav# fent me, and the world itfelf is my coun- not the- necefl-ry qualities for fucceeding try. in this fine employment. — What are you The king then aiked him feveral quef- then to fcek for at my court ? — What I tlons, which had not the leafl connection have not been able to find there \ for I with each other. A trial of wit, which bad imagined a king to be as much above in thofe days was much ufed at the courts n other men, as a fteeple is above common ?)f fovereign princes. And this is the''* houfes j but I have foon found, that I ubftance of the difcourfe, as it is pre- have honoured them more than they de- ferred in the ancient records of the coun- ferve. try. What thing is that which flics the Of all the virtues, thefe of franknefs fwifteft ? cried the monarch.— Thought, and fincerity have been in every age lead anfwered Bertholde. — What is the gulf recompenfed in a court. This Bertholde that is never filled ?— The avarice of the experienced ; for the king, [hocked at mifer. — What is molt hateful in young the little regard he exprefled for his per- people ?— Self-conceit, becaufe it makes E fon, told him, that if he was unwilling them incorrigible. — What is moft ridicu- to be turned out in an ignominious man- lous in the old r — Love. — Who are moft ner, he muft leave the palace immediately, lavim of their carefles?— Thofe who intend He obeyed ; but as he was going, faid, to deceive us, and thofe who have already with an air of gaiety, that he was of the done it.-— What are the things moft dan- nature of flics, which the more you at- gerous in a houfe ?— A wicked wife, and tempt to drive away, the moie obftinately the tongue of a fervant. — What is the are they bent on their return.- I permit hu (band's moft incurable difeafe ?— The « you to return like them, cried the mo* infidelity of his wife. — What way will * narch, provided you bring them along vow take to bring water in a fieve ? — 1*11 with you j but if you appear without hay till it is frozen.— How will you catch them, yo« (hall forfeit your head— a hare without running ? — I will wait till Agreed, replied the peafant ; to do this, J find her on the fpit. I will only take a Acp to our vi)lage4 The king was aftoni(hed at the readi- The king gave his confent, and Bertholde nefs with which he anfwered thefe quef- hafted away. The monarch did not tions ; and to let him fee his fatisfaclion, doubt of his keeping his word ; but had Sromifed to give him any thing he could G a great curiofity to fee in what mannee efire. I defy you, replied Bertholde, he would perform it, and the clown foon ^ bluntly. — How fo, replied his majefty ? fatisfied him ; for he .had no fconer "Do you doubt my good will ? — No ; but reached the village, than running to a- fta- I afpire after what you do not poflefs, ble belonging to ore of his brothers, he and confequently cannot give to me.— tock out an old afs, whofe back and lut- ^nd what is this precious thing that 1 do tocVs had loft the friendly coveting of a June, 1753. M m leund Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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174 Advemtitris ^BERTHOLDE. Jane found (kin, and mounting on hit back, him, at the audience he had promifed tf turned again to Verona, accompanied by grant them. an infinite number of flies riding behind The officer to whom the box was him, and in this equipage arrived at the given, difcharged his commiffiqn, and the palace ; when commending the fidelity queen alfo gave, the box to the ladies, with which they had ftuck to his bead, * who were ft ill with that princefs, talking and attended him all the way, he told together on the anfwer the chancellor had the king, that he kept his promife j and \ brought from the king. As we eaflly Alboin, pleafed with the ftratagem, foon perfuade ourfclves to believe what flatters conceived fuch an idea of his abilities, our felf-love, there was not one prefent that he imagined he might be ufeful to who did not think, that their requeft was him, in helping him to di fin tangle the in- already granted. His majefty, faid they, tricacies of government, ana therefore is feniible of the jultice of our demand, gave him free leave to ftay at court. and as he is equity itfelf, he immediately I mall omit the various contefts be- found that it was impoflible for him to tween Bertholde and th* king, on the q refufe us j to heighten the favour which virtues and vices of the ladies, in which he will certainly grant us, he has only the king did juftice to their merit, while thought fit to defer it till to-morrow, our hero endeavoured to bring them into There is now no doubt, continued they, contempt. But I cannot avoid taking no- but that this box contains fomething ex- ticeof a petition of the ladies of the court, tremely valuable, and the confidence to obtain a (hare in the government, and with which he has depofited it in our adminiftration of affairs. hands, thews alfo, that he does not think The king having read their lone requeft, us unworthy of the honour. Come, la- which the queen had engaged the chan- C dies, let him fee that we deferve it, by cellor to deliver ro him, replied, that this an exa& and faithful obfervance of the affair being of very great importance, re- prohibition relating to this precious trca- quired his ferious confederation j that he fure. would wei?h the matter, and give the At this they took leave of the one ladies an anfwer in an audience, to which and after having agreed to aficmble the they mould be admitted the next 6uy, next day at the governor's lady's, in or- Bertholde, the enemy of beauty, couM der to go to the audience in a body, each not hear the petition and reply, with- j\ returned home. out hurtling into a loud laugh. The They were -hardly got home, when king aiked the reafon t Bertholde ridiculed every one of them was filled with an his complaifance and the eafinefs of his impatient defire to know what it could temper, when the king replied, that he be that was contained in that box 5 and was in a terrible embaraffment j that be this impatience increafed to fuch a de- Jhould be ruined if he granted their re- gree, that tbey could not fleep all night, queft, and that his danger would not be Never was any hour watched for with lefs if he refufed it. A refufal, faid he, more impatience, than that appointed tor will enrage them j they are able to re- £ their aflcmbling at the governor's lady's, venge themfdves, by making their huf- and they were all there three quarters of bands, who have the command of my an hour before the time appointed. Tbey troops, rife up againft me. My dear all began to difcourfe on the box ther Berth Jde, added he j Bertholde, my faith- had received the evening before, which ful friend, help me out of this labyrinth : the governor had taken from his wife as Thy imagination, fertile in ftratagems, foon as (he came home 5 and fearing left has hitherto drawn thee out of the dangers her well known curiofity mould bring thou haft fallen into at my court, and I p him into difgrace, had taken the precan* am perfuaded thou canft relieve me out tion to lock it up in his cabinet. Hqw- ©f this. Bertholde promifed every thing, ever, as the time of audience approaclftd* and defired the king to be fatisfled. Hav- it was brought out and given to tb* ing ftoed mufing for a moment, he left aflembly. the palace, went to the market and The box no focmer appeared, thatl bought a little bird : He fhut it in a box they viewed it with the utmoft impatience, In the prefence of the kin?, gave it to and all being eager to fee the hidden , him, and defired him to fend it to the treafure, feveral very fine fpeeches were queen, for her to give it to the ladies G made to (hew, that there oouid be no who had prefented her the petition, with harm in juft fati&fying their curiofity ; is a moil expreft prohibition againft opening fliort, this was a propofal that met with the box, on pah\of incurring his higheft the unanimous concurrence of all pm- indignation ^ but to keep it till the next fent ; and a? the box had no lock, it was djey, when it mould be opened before immediately opened, when out flew thm

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1753* Advbutvris of BERTHOLDE. 2 litde bird, which taking to a window that The king, having feated the queei flood open, disappeared in a moment, his fide, afked the caufe of this vi How lhall I defcribe the confternation of You have read, faid flic, the requ thefe unhappy ladies at feeing the bird fly caufed to be prefented to you yefter away, and the box empty ! They had not in the name of all thefe ladies, and time to fee whether it was a linnet, a are come for the anfwer you promife nightingale, a canary- bird, or a fparrow; give us. It is in this box, anfwered had they but known of what fpecies it \ king, and at the fame time was goirv was, they would have put another in its open it. Your majefty may fpare yi place ; but this fecret was known only felf the trouble, replied the queen, Id the king and Bertholde. bird is flown : The curioflty of theft Their conftewation now kept them dies has caufed this accident, and yoi Aleut, and they no fooner recovered their them all at your majefty's ftet to imj speech, than they burft into tears and your pardon. And indeed, the la and entreat her to make ufe of her au- them, when in fpite of my prohibij thority and credit with the king to pre- and threatening*, you have not been vent the effefts of his anger, and they all to rcftrain your curioflty for half a siftanimoufly embraced the propofal 5 but Co, foolifh as you are, you deferve t while they were preparing to fet out, a punirtied with the utmoft feverity : page from that princeft came for the box, out of refpeel for the queen, who en whkh they returned for anfwer, that condefcended to intereft herfclf in they were bringing it j but they no foon- £ affairs, I confent to pardon you $ bu er flood before the queen, than perceiv- me, for the time to come, never he ing the box in the hand of the governor's the like extravagances. And believe lady, (he viewed it with eagemefs, match- it is not without the beft and the ed it, and in an inftant opened the lid, folid reafons, that the laws have exel when confufed and aftonimed flie burft you from the government. into a rage againft the king, for having The king's pleafure at the fuccei fported with a curioflty that had given her this fcheme was not lefs than the mo the extremeft inquietude ; when the gc- cation the i>oor ladies fuffered in htj wra's lady, with abundance of tears, F this difcourfe 5 and they were no fo acfnowledged her fault, and in the name gone, thai* he "nade his acknowtedgn of all the ladies, begged her to endeavour to Bertholde. The more I know to obtain their pardon. The queen was faid he/ the more I efteem and ad fenfible of their aflUcliojis, and promifed you 5 as a proof of my facisfaclion, to undertake their caufe. ceive from my hand this ring, and In the mean time, the king, who wait- treafurer fhall give you 1000 cro ed tor them, was furprifed at their delay, Do not be difpleafed, replied Berth and had mentioned it to Bertholde, whog if I difobey you $ my flncerity has ah imputed it to the foceeft of his ftratagem, made me too many enemies, for w While they were talking on this fubjeet, however, I do not care a farthing, f the queen entered, accompanied by the who deflres. nothing, and has not ladies, to the number of about 300, has nothing to fear. Nature has 1 when their snetanchoJy. and dejected air me free, and I refolve to keep my jeejftrroed the truth of this opinion* M m a Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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ij6 Adventures i/*ERTHOLDE, Jtmc dom as Ions as my life \ but 1 cannot be ry have left his will untouched, we (hall free if I take your prtfents, for as the here give it our readers, proverb fays, He who takes, fells himfelf. How then, replied the king, mail I mew *• M **»{* who' Jhull fet or read this prefix my gratitude ? I have heard, did Ber- writing, health and a g**d appetite. tholde, that it is more glorious to deferve " 1 Bertholde, great- grandfon of Ber- the favours of a prince and to refufe them, tolazzo, grandfon of Bertazzo di BertiQ, than to receive without deferving them. A an(* f°n °f Bartolin, of the village of If I was capable of vanity, your good- Bertagnana, knowing that we are all will would be more agreeable to me than mortal, and neither more nor lefs than ail the prefents in the wo^ld. bladders filled with wind, which the lea# While they were talking in this man- accident reduces to nothing, and that ner, the king received a letter from the when we are arrived at the age of 70, as queen, who, rtfolving to be revenged on 1 am at this day, it is time to think of 1 lie caufe of the ladies difgrace, fent for beating a retreat, and to wi(h a good the unhappy peafant, who by many ar- p repofe and good night, to our compani- tifues evaded the force of her referument. ** ons j For thefe caufes, finding fome grains Siie had four large dogs placed in the of good fenfe in my bald head, I am wil- court through which lie was to pafs, in ling to fet my aflfaiis in order, by making order to tear him to pieces j this he was this my laft will and teftament 5 as much infoimed of, and getting a brace of live for my own fatisfa&ion, as for that of haics carried them under his arms, ana* my friends and relations, to whom I have Jetting them loofe at the approach of the fome obligations j for which reafon I do^s, was inftantly delivered from thefe have fent for Sicur Cerfollio for him U> eru-mics. He then, to the queen's fur- C write my laft will, as follows. prirc, appeared before her, was put into I. I leave to m after Bertholde, mybrQ- a fack, and in this condition confined in ther, the venerable cooler of our village, a room till the next day, when he was my (hoes, and 8d. in good money, for to be thrown into the river j hut he had having feveral times lent me his awl, to the addict to perfuade the foldier who put them in order, and for having done was fet over him, to let him out and me other fervices equally confiderable. take his place j and then ftealing the Item, To my uncle Sam buco, gardener, quren's rche, and her veil, in this dif- rj I alfo leave my ftraw-hat, for having guifegot out of the palace : But the next fometimes given me a bunch of leeks, day he was found, and the monarch was fometimes fome onions, and at otbejet ooligcd to fatisfy the quttn's refentment, fome cloves of gar lick to get me an appe- fey ordering him to be hanged on a tree. tite. Bertholde befought the king to take care Item, I leave to mafter Allegretto, the of his family, and to let him chufe the king's butler, my large leathern belt and tree on which he was to die. The mo- my purfe, for having many times filled mrch freely confented, and gave him a my rundlet with wine, and for other fcr- guard to fee that the executioner gave £ vices not lefs important, him Ms choice : The trees of every wood Item, To mafter Martin, cook to the, for many miles round were examined, fervants, my knife and* fork, for having ard Bertholde, 'very wifely, objcSed to ajl fometimes regaled me with beans and that were pepofed, till the txecutioner onions, food infinitely more delicate to and ^uard being weary of the fruitlefs me than pies, tarts, ragouts, and all the fearch, fet him at libeity. At their re- other regales and dainties which would turn, the guards found the king lament- foon have fent me to my grave. ing the loft cf a faithful and able fervantj p Item, To my aunt Pandora, wamer- he rejoiced to hear that he was ftill alive, woman, my ftraw-bed, two chairs with and having found the place of his retreat, holes in them, and a little crazy, ana two went himfelf to perfuade him to retqm ells of linen, to make her three aprons, to court j this he not only accompli (lied, for having warned my mirts, and my large but reconciled him to the queen. He waa woollen ftockings. then made prime minifter, and under his Item, I leave to Fechetti, page of the Influence the reign of this prince was court, 25 lames with a whip, for having hanny, and his people enjoyed aU the fe- made a hole in my chamber-pot, by whic* liclty they could reafonably defire. But G, means I made water in my bed j as alfo the particulars of this part of his life, for having tied crackers to my tail, and fays our author, are for ever excluded many other tricks, gambols, and ridicu- from our knowledge ; flnce this part of Jous and impertinent fooleries. As he it the manufcript has been unhappily eaten never out of mifchief, I would have thia up by t^e rats j but as the inveteiare ene- article executed immediately after my de* ftves of $1 the ancient records of Jiifto- ceafe, Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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Solution af a Surveying QtfESTrow. ifj life $ which might make me engage in all the imperttnenctes which I have Teen pra&fed by a 1 mo ft all thofe that poflefa them, and would therefore have juftly rendered me odious to all the world ; for infblence commonly walks by the fide of thofe, whom fortune has raifod from '753 Item, As at my coming to court, I left my wife Marcolfa, and my young (on Bertholdin, and have # never let them know where I am, for* fear they mould follow me hither : I leave Marcolfa, my wife, the little piece of land I have pof- fefled, till my fen arrives at the age of a 5, after which he mail enjoy it on the * the duft to great employments : Infhort, following terms, to wit, that if he mar- ries, he (hall never unite himfelf to a per- fon above his Ration ; that he (halt not be intimate with his fuperiors ; that he (hall eat when he has it, and work when be can $ that he (hall not take counfel of thofe who do not know how to govern themfelyes, nor remedies of a fick phy having been always willing to remain poor, I have nothing to leave my king $ but as I believe he has received fome be- nefit from my advice, I will now give him fuch counfel, as (hall not be lets (a- lutary both to him and his people. I advife him then, for the good of his fubjecrs, and even from a regard to hit fkian 5 that he (hall do his duty to every B own advantage, constantly to hold the body, be vigilant in his affairs, nop inter fere in thofe in which he has no concern, much lefs in thofe he does not underftand; that he (hall defire nothing, be contented with what he has 5 that he (hall feriouf- ly confider that there are more lambs go to the butchers than -fheep, and more balance between the rich and poor with an even hand ; to examine carefully be- fore he determines 5 never to pronounce a fentence whilft moved by anger j to preferve the love of his fubje&s j to re- compenfe good and wife men, and to cbaftize the wicked ; to drive away flat- young men die than old. If he fbberly Q terers, liars, and calumniators, 'and in reflects on thefe things, and performs them, he cannot fail of being happy in this world, and dying quietly. Item, Having no other goods, fince I would never accept of any thing from the king, tho* he has frequently offered and prefied me to receive large fums of mo- ney, jewels, moveables, rich apparel, general all thofe pefts of a court, who> carry fire in their tongues 5 not to over- burthen the people ; to protect widows and orphans 5 to caufe fpeedy judgment in all fuits at law, and to put a flop to the tricks and quibbles of courts. If he exactly follows thefe few rules, he will live happily, his reign will be immortal, lands, caftles, feigniories, fine borfes, *-* and he will be propofed as a pattern of end a thoufand other rich prefents $ wifdom and perfection to all the kings which would have robbed me of that ef the earth, till the end of time. Amen*** repofe and tranquillity, which, next to Signed, health, are the mod precious bleflings of Biithold** A Soiution to the Question in SURVEYING, frvptftdim Ma- gazine/or November laft, p. 503. SUPPOSE theZCBQ^any number of degrees, Sec. at pleafure, which %y trials and error, at three or four fuppoficions, I find to be 1 2°~i 1'— 1 1'' nearly ; then there will be ^ C DB = 32 — 48 — 49 /_ DCB = 135 — 00 — 00 JL Q>Uh = 57 — 11 — 11 JL D 0 b = 3* — 48 — 49 ilADB= 114—22 — 22 f the fom of the two angle* 1 32 — 48 — 49 ABD and DAB = Z.DB P = 24 — 22 — 22 /. c x a =z ■ 6> — 37 — 38 AAHL= - .- 44 — 5° — 56 /.HAL = 45 — 09 — °4 C. L. 6. 10 The fide AD - \ And Qjp == n I =3 4. 00 given to find thcrequi- fites, as fir q[ueitfoa. Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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%yt Solution tf a Surveying Question Jcne lathe A CBQ. as the j± C. L. — ii";CQ=2. oo : K In the A DCB, S. ^. l^ / C,S >, Uf "*•-... ^ B 19": CB = 9.474j2 :: S. /.DCB= 135° — D^:.,. „, co' : D B = 18.3628. ^hVv-'n* Bc"-"--\~> In the A G D b S. /. { A • '/**>- ©D * 57° — it' — y' V./ 49*: D* = 1.28958. * Ql C. C. lathe A G JB, asDB — D* = 11.0732 : Rid. : O £ = 2.00 : Tang. /.0B3=io°- 14'— 17*. In the A A D B, you have the two fide* A D and DB, and the A A D B included to find the jl A B D. C. C. At the fnm of the two fides A D and D B = 18.4628 : Diffl = 6.2628 : : Tang. }, the other two /. A B D and D A B = 32° — 48'— 40* : Tang. 12° — 20' — 15" = the diff. of the two /., which taken from thof fum leaves the leffer JL A B D = ao° — 28' — 34", the f of which i* io° — 1 4' — 1 7* = the Z. 0 B bt as before, and proves the whole to be right.— To find the breadth of the walk: In the A C a z, as the S. ^Cxa = 65* C. C. — 37'— 38* : Qa 2.00 : : Rad. : C* = 2.17878, from which take Cj C. 200, the remainder will be .17878 = half the breadth of the walk, which doubled is 135756 = the whole breadth, in the a D P B, as Rad : DB c. a = 12.3628 : ; S. /. DBPz=24°— 22' — 22" : DP = 5« 10158, which C. added to AD= 6.10 is 1 1. 20158 = the perpendicular A P j then take Qs C. C. % = 4.17878 from AP, the remainder will be 7.0228 = A L ; then as the C. S. A AHL = 44°-5o' — 46" : A L =7.0228 :: S. jl A = 4c.0— C. 09' — 04* : HL= 7.076015 the middle length of the walk, and the C. C. bafe PB will be found to be 1 1.261 1 the hypoth. A B ac 15,88388, and A. R. P. the area 6 : o : 08 T£££. Chefhara, May 5, 1753. Abraham Stone, Landturoyor U Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1753* ^me Thoughts on the Brut iCrzat ion'. tjc) TttbtAvTUOWLiftbt LONDON MAGAZINE. "*• A _£_ YOUR inferting the following, will oblige your conflant reader, and very humble ier- vant, Cheiham, in Bucks, May 8, 1753- Abraham Stohi. In the re&angalar inclofitre A E C It giren the C. L. fence 10= n. 58 pw Gunter, the fide B C == D E and A E = D C : Qaere the fides, angles, and areas •f the three fields. E Fnm the London Gaixttxi*. T* the FOOL. SIR, I H A V I a long time laboured under a difficult/ in fpeculation j for the re* moral of which, the ufual arguments preme Being and his Attributes, upon tt» fuppofition of this being the firft and final ftage of their exigence ?•• Which was a queftion pat to one of our Indian go* vernort, by a Bramin of Patna, the ca- PitaLojty of the kingdom of Bahar. they are endowed with fome de* given are fo very infufficient and unfatif- J± gree ef reafon and reflection, and a fen- Jae>ory, that I could wifli you would fumilh out fome weightier and more fub- ftantial ones. And, tho' fome pr irate confiderations.may poflibly determine you to be rather (font on a fubjeft, which requires being treated of with fo much caution and circu miction, yet among Ability of pain as well at pleafure, it af • lowed to be a truth inconteftable. Kor H is it left evident and unqueftionable, that the latter it oftentimes more than over- balanced by the former.— -To inftance only in that excellent and moil fervieeable animal the horfe.— What exquifite, what your reader*, perhaps, there will be R affecting tortures do many of thofe found fome who may have courage enough "malt endure (tho* fome few of them. to ftep out of the common road of thinking $ fome that cannot but with in- dignation fee reafon fervilely ftoop to the eontroul of prejudice and adopted prin- ciples, and who,- without peremptorily pronouncing that man a vain and impi- ous fceptick, who mall dare to fuggeft perhaps, meet with a more friendly fate) from fome mercileft callous-hearted most* Her of a mailer ? How frequently to the pangs of hunger and a diftempertd body, are there added the moft cutting ftripee and fcourges, moft liberally, and as wan- tonly oft-times, dealt out to them by the* doubts and difficulties their forefathers C inhuman driver, or fome human happened never to have dreamt of, can wave without ceremony the compliment nfually paid to opinion mod in vogue ; and on tnis, and any affair of importance, generoufly give the world their own fenti- jnents wit hoot referve. And yet fuch fettled enemies are the generality of man- on poft-horfes ?— And all this merely for their not effecting, perhaps, impotBbi- litiet ) But wherefore all this wretchedt»*6> this unrewarded toil and labour f Where- fore all thefe agonizing pains and miferie* heaped on a helplefs, hopekfs off-faring Jxind to an open freedom of thought (ex- r% of divine Providence ? Are they not a ceptiog th. fe who turn it into licentiouf- jaeis) fo averfe are they to the admiflion of tVdeas they were not before made ac- quainted with, or had not been familia- rs eed to from their youth, that reflections mre frequently therefore only rejected or jxot attended to, becaufe they are novel. But not to detain you too long from m __, _,„ _.. *la« fubjecV matter of my difcourfe, it is E under the bare portability of being made £fiis, «* How the ceconomy of divine miferable (more or lefs) folely for the o(e providence, with refped to the brute and fervice of another r Lord, what is gygation. can be made recondleable with man ? or rather, what are not brutes f mar conceptions of the nature of the fu- . The living animated part of the creation t Are they not flefh and blood ? Do they not as weft as we know what forrow means t Yes ; and for man only, his ufe, or acci- dentally his pride, his wantonnefs, bis cruelty, were they brought into a fenflble exiftence? Shall one being be created, but even Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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%So Scheme fir a navigate Communication^ &c, JoflC The Indians aflc, if brutes have not fouls ? nity 6f the fupreme Being or his Attn If net, then fay they, matter thinks t butes. In wort, Sir, we have fcripture But Cicero fays, " That Cod is himfelf whereon to ground our confidence that the foul of brutes $" therefore, fays the no part of the brute creation, not even a Indian,*'* Shall' they be fpund fufterin* fparrow, is fo inconiiderable in theffeht without caufc, without a recompence ?" of God, as in that of man. A confide- The unmerited fufTermgs amtng men ration which, if attended to as k ought are urged with great ftrength of reafon- ^ may have this good effeft at leaft, that ing, in proof of a recompence. referved feme check may thereby te given to thofe for them in an hereafter. And muft a many mocking barbarities, which with "feeing, that happens to move in fome fuch unfeeling wantonnefs, or Audied lower fphe>e of animated exigence to cruelty, are daily exercifed towards many man, be at once pronounced unworthy of of thofe unhappy creatures that compofe the like provift>n r But wherefore this the brute creation. I am, partiality to our noble felves ? Why muft SIR, yours, &c. we plead a kind of right to be dealt with Indatmusxi. on the part of juftice and cquiry by the B Almighty, and yet think it no injury The filming Map of the Country is annex* done to brutes ? if their fufferings in a ed to a Scheme or Propofal, fir making m ftate, they arc even forced, into -by the navigable Communication between the Rivers &me common Lord and Maker of all Texnt and Severn in Staffordfhire *, things, meet not from him in an hereafter h &r' T m o m a s Co n c a x v e, late of Ibme fimilar tokens of that univerfal and Wolverhampton in that County. impartial goodnefs towards his creatures, TJ £ propofes to make a communication fo neceflary and eflential to the divine q Cl. between the river Penk, which runs nature." j into the Trent, and the river Smeftall, But it may be faid, what would your which runs into the Severn, by a refer - correfpondent mean we mould conclude voir or magazine of water, between the lirom thefe infinuations ? Does he mean, north and fouth dams marked in the map, that we Jhould at once, and without fur- which magazine will contain 456 acres* ther ceremony, put the brute fpecies upon if a dam 24 foot high be made at the a level with the human ? Would he inti- north end, and another at the fouth end mate, that the former are actuated with 10 foot high, to which, by two more a like immortal principle with the latter ; & tiuices, 50 acres more might be added | , and that both are indifcriminately of the and he computes that the fall of the wa~ fcme eftimation in the fight of God ? ter, from Alderfley, where the water runs Let them attend to the reafon and bar- both ways, to the joining of the Smeftall mony of our great and immortal poet : and Stour, is 1S1 feet, from the fame All are but parts of one ftupendous whole, plfxe to Bullbridge at Pcnkridge, SS feet, Whofe body nature is, and Cod the foul. Q inches, thence to Burton, 100 feet, 9 — Lo ! the poor Indian, whofe untu- inches, from Stour- mouth to Severn the tor'd mind [wind : E f?n is l04 fc«* and {. Total fall of both Sees- God in clouds, or hears him in tho overs 475. His foul proud fcience never .taught to He ftews, that this navigable comma- ftiay nication will coft a very large fum, that to as the folar wa\k, or milky way ; tn« carriage of goods will, thereby, be Yet fimple nature to his hope has g'rv'n ™ade vaftly cheaper, and that 71 market behind *tbe oloudtopt hill an humbler towns and cities may trade by this canal: heav*n :— to wnic.h we fo»N add, that fuch inland But thinks, admitted to that equal flcy, v navigations might be made a fupport for BiS ftithCui dog mail bear him company. t °"r Teamen in time of peace, if a law was made, that in time of peace none But let it not be thought that I am im- but apprentices under i3, or fuch as had pertinently prying into the fecret councils ferved three or five years on board a (hip of the Almighty, or endeavouring to of war, mould be employed in any of know the ordinances of heaven. No, I them. As fuch a law would procure a mean only to awaken mankind into a prcvifion for a great number of our brave ^ourfe of reflections, with refpeel to the teamen in time of peace, it is hoped it brute creation, neither ufelefs, unbecom- q will be agreeable to the people ; and the ing, or even unneceflary. I would warn having fuch a fupply always ready at them againft concluding too haftily, that command upon a fudden rupture, would brutes can be made liable, as they are, to encourage the government to engage in pain and mifery, folely in compliment to every undertaking for increasing and ex» man j fince no opinion, 1 think, can be tending our navigable communications, "nore unfavourable to the honour and dig- *f% • See Maf of Staffordshire, in our Magazine fir 1751, p. 103. Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1753- Reply to Mr. Horn* about A PlbnI;^ tic. 48t T9tte AUTHOR of the LONDON queftion we cannot ejfily refolve, becauie MAGAZINE. the condiment parts of foirie forts of & ■' *> matter may be endued with a repulfive THE learned Mr. Home (fee p. iSc.) force, and confequently may without having been fo kind as to take contact aft upon one another, and upoit notice of, and anfwer the queftions I all parts of matter that come within the ftated in your Magazine for March laft, y fphere of their repuifion. The confti- p. 119, I hope you will allow me to A tucnt parts °f air feem to be endued with return him my thanks, which every this repulfive force, which is the reafon gentleman deferves who endeavours to that air may be vaftly comprefied by a Satisfy the fcniples of another, tho* comprenlve power that is fuperior to its he may not entirely fucceed in the at- power of repuifion ; whereas, tho* water tempt. I confefs, I did not fuppofe, that way be rarified, St cannot by any human in p. 60, of his ingenious performance, force be comprefled, or made to take up he meant to define rarer to be, cmfifling of Ws room than it does in its natural ftate 3 particles of afmalUrftzt j becaufe, accord* R and yet there muft be an infinite number* ing to the meaning 1 have always put ** of interftitial vacuities in water, as malt upon the word rarer, one fort of fluid be allowed, becaufe the rays of light find may be rarer than another, and yet con- an eafy paflage, and becaufe water has fift of particles of a larger fize ; and if always a certain quantity of air incorpo- the conftituent particles of one fluid, or rated with it 5 confequently, thofe vacui- any other fort of matter, be fmaller than ties that are in water cannot be faid to be the conftituent particles of another fluid, abfolute j but ftill there muft be interftU I cannot look upon them to be the fame tial vacuities between the conftituent par- fort of fluid 1 They muft be two diffe- C tides of that air and light, which are Ut rent forts, even tho* mankind mould give the vacuities between the conftituent par* them the fame name ; and how the con- tides of water ; and thus we muft either Aituent particles of a fluid, or any other admit of abfolute interftitial vacuities irt fort of matter, can of themfelves become nature, or proceed in infinitum, by Aippo- of a fmaller or larger fize, I cannot con- &**£ an infinite feries of different forts of ceive ; for friction or internal motion ne- fluids, every one of which confifts of ▼er alters the conftituent parts of any parts of a lefs fize than the former j sort of matter, but only feparates thofe which is a fuppofition not at all neceflary parts which before adhered together : Nor J) for the effects we fee produced by matter j can I conceive, why a fluid of large con- for no one fuppofes, that the air or light Aituent particles mould pufh hard againft that are in the vacuities of water con tri- al fluid of fmall conftituent particles, if bute any way towards producing thofe there be no interftitial vacuity in cither j effects that are produced by a ftream of for if rarer be defined to be, confifling of water ; nor is it fuppofed, that the light farticUt of a fruitier fize, denfer muft he which is in the vacuities of air contribute defined to be, confifling of particles of a any way towards producing thofe effects larger fixe, and both muft be fuppofed to „ that are produced by a ftream of air, confift of fquare or cubical conftituent " which we call wind, or a hurricane 1 particles, which is contrary to the (up- And tho* that fubtle medium or fluid we p6fed nature of fluids, whofe conftituent call light, may have an infinite number cf are generally fuppofed to be fphe- interftitial vacuities, tho1 its conftituent Heal ; and if they are, there muft be an parts may be indued with a repulfive infinite number of interftitial vacuities, force, fo as to be always in their natural let their conftituent parts be never fo ^ate at a certain diftance from one ano- finall. ther, yet it may produce all the effects we But indeed, if we admit thefe defini- p. fee produced by it ; confequently, for the dons, and infift that there are no inter- production of thefe, or any other effect*, Aitial vacuities in the univerfe, we fliould there is no neceflity for fuppofing an uni- baniih the words rarity and denfity out of verfal abfolute plenum, without (0 much oar language with refpect to matter in as the leaft interftitial vacuity. general $ for the matter in an exhaufted That there* is in nature a fluid much Deceiver would be as denfe. as the matter more fubtle than air, is very certain t Uk the fame .receiver when full of gold 5 That this fluid is the caufe of light, of #fnch no man can admit, who means to n neat, &c. is likewife very certain, there* cxpreft by the terms rarity and denfity, ** »rc, for distinction's fake, I fhall call it thoi* ideas to which they have always *tner 5 and It is probable, that by tape* hitherto been applied in our language. riments in electricity, we may difcover Whether fome forts of matter may not much more of its nature than has hitherto preduce an effect without contact, is a b**n known : But 1st its conftituent pa June, 1753. 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282 Subftance of Us MaJMTyV S P E £ C JH. -June tides be never To fmall, there mull be .Vacuities in nature ; for let thpfc parts be pf what figure you will, they cannot ab- solutely fill up that vacuity which we muft fuppofe to be between three fpherical par- ticles of air or water j and if we fuppofe them alfo to be fpherical, there muft be tides be of a different fire spiel jhape in fome forts of matter from what they art in others, there muft be interftitisJ facul- ties. The denying of this has 'led this learned gentleman into the necegity of putting a different fenfe upon the worfc rarer and deafer, than is now u'fually put an infinite number of vacuities between » upon them, and in which, I believe, He themfelveB, unlcfs we fuppofe, as I have nCetrtJfti* the pubhek ftnrice, And their regard to' the eafe of their fellow frbjecV. Ifc: thanks' them fbr both 5 as vtetl as fqf lght,fo*tfl«f Thenift concludes witn;thefe wWsto both houfes : "Tttav*lin«>t1ftn* tt> < at yon, but what'i'ajn'i^rtba/ wifhfor yonrfelves. ' M'yottr*6ti. deavours^ih your fevers! cbwnti promote the trne intettft aifcfT ....... mt\„ smongft them j make theih fealfefc the bleffings they enjoy 4 arid, means, the quiet and fecwitJ-Of vernment win be beft cftil Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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\f$S. A Opinio* cmeirnlng the late Jews Act. 283 when alive, and whafe memory T revere l#^AUTHOR«/ffclONPON now dead, being attacked by an ancny- MAGAZINE. mows writer in your Magazine of March t laft, (p. 118.) in that part which alone $ J.Rf -. • 1 renders any chancier amiablo, i, e. in te- UPON reading, the AB to fermk Per- gtfty and i0VB 0f truth, which, fays the fou frtfifiag the JewiJh Rtligitm to hi author, " he had not fo good a title to, naturalixtd tyrarUmmmt, a, doubt has oe- ^ as the writer of his charafter atferts be curred to me, whether any Jew can be had, but on the contrary it appears, in naturahsed by parliament by the aft as k many inftances, he was notoriously want- now (lands, and my reafon for doubting ing in both j" and your faying that an isthis :, Every perfontobenatorsilizedis anfwer, if font, mould be impartially to take the oaths to the government as published, have induced me to confider prefcribed by aft of parliament, one of the evidence produced to fupport this which is that we call the oath of abjura* heavy charge, which is introduced in this tion. Now th|s oatfi, , as psefcribed by manner : " The compafs of your paper aft of parliament, concludes, with thefe B ^n not allow me to produce many tef- words, " and I do make this recognition, timonies, and, therefore, I mail at pre- adcnowledgmentv abjuration, renuncia* . fent mention only two t The firft in or- tion and proraife, heartily, - willingly and der of time is a quotation out of a fer- 'trnly, vuntbetru fmtb of a Cbrifttan ••*• mon preached at Oxford, in 171 1, by Ri. TOs being the form of the oath preJcrib- Ibbetfon, A. M. The other is from the ed by aft of parliament, I am apt to earl of Nottingham's Anfwer to Mr. think, that no court of juftice, nor either Whifton's Letter to him ; to thefe 1 refer.'* houfe of parliament, can ditpenfe with or Q His inference from both is, " that thefe al$er thefe words without an aft of par- authors have fufficiendy made good their liament for that purpofe j oecaufe in- the charge againft Mr. Whifton, which, with aft for explaining and amending the fa- all his artifice and evafive fhifts, he could mous aft of the laft reign, vulgarly call- never get clear of, and whoibever will be ed, The fioearyig AEl> there is an exprefs at the pains to perufe thefe two trafts will ' cbufe for. ditjpenfing with thefe words, be fully convinced, that Mr. Whifton was when anyj*w presented himfelf to take not that true Cbriftian, that man of in- , the oath of abjuration in pnrftiance o#n tegrity, that lover of truth, which he is ' the faW aft, or the faid rwearing aft +5^ faid to be in the abovementioned charac- and becauie, there is a like difpenftng ter.*' Thus ftands the evidence and the dau/e In favour of lews, in the aft for inference from it j and the amount is j naturalizing' focfa, foreign proteftants as Rt» Ibbetfon has (hewn, my lord Notting* then fettled, or mould afterwards ham has did, that Mr. Whifton, &c. settle in our American colonies J. To whom ? To fuch as fee things in their From the -parliament's being Co careful light, and to. none elfe 5 for the author at beta thefe times to provide for the will not furely fay, all that have read ' Jews by an. exprefs claafe, it is evident, £ thefe authors are convinced. I a flu re him that no inferior court of juftice can dif- I 'have read my lord Nottingham's An- , penfe with, or alter thefe words when a (wer; (the other tra# having never fallen Jew prefents himfelf to take this oath, under my notice) and am far from think- therefore my only doubt »•> whether either ing his inference juft j and this I know houfe of parliament can do fo, without to be the cafe of feveral others well ac- tho authority of a previous 'aft of- partia- qoainted with the Greek language, nsent for the purpofe j for if neither (Which 1 am not) and, probably, of houfe can, it is certain that no perfon « thoufands more, for any thing fhewn to pnofirtTJng • the Jewifti- religion can be na- r the contrary. Befides, all that have read tutsKxed by. parliament, notwtthftanding controverfy know, nothing is more com- this new. aft in their favour. As this is mon than for each fide to charge the other a queftion of feme importance, I hope with m'tfreprefenting, wrong tranflating, foroe one of our learned lawyers will give &c. and this is done by the authors un- usiiis thoughts upon it, and therefore f * der notice : See Mr. Whifton's Reply to muft beg the favour of you to infert this my lord Nottingham's Letter, p. 19, &c. iff your next Magazine. 1 G Mr. Whifton fays he has been fair in his June 19, 1753. lam, &c. quotations, as far as they related to the _^r.aii - . i' > ' '' particular part of the controverfy they *J ^is.PR I K?2 KofihehQUOOlf Jrc brought to fupport, 0. at, of his Re- t J(llMAOAZINI. pjy> an(j tnat my lord Nottingham has SIR* • not, p. 13, 14. 15* »nd particularly, TH E cbaca&cr^ra gentleman I had p; 19: f^nd upon* the authors principles, a great efteem and friendship for N n z the t &&\ *?*>;!, orf* -ijv t i* on* t Mtc^fia. 17. I n ««. **, <h*. 7. fia. %

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184 A Letter 14. Defence tf Mr. Whitton'j CharaBtr. June the charge againft nr| lord Nottingham' t of fincerity fif more is thought necefiary) . character win be the fame at his againft appears in his eondu&, upon receiving a Mr. Whifton'i. From hence he muft letter at Tunbridge, as the whole is pub- appear very unfair him/elf, to condemn limed to the world : And fi nee this au- (and endeavour to lead others to do the thor grounds his charge only upon the fame) a venerable and valuable character general accufiuidn of' two of his antago- only by the evidence of his adversaries ; nifts, writing ih the heat of controverfy, whereas he ought to have defired (as I j^ I think .much greater weight mould be • f ncertly do) all to read both fides before laid on a teftimony in his favour from an they come to a determination. eminent and learned bimop, who was Without confidering any thing farther, himfelf on the orthodox fide of the quef- I think, it will appear his manner of at- tiort : 1 mean bimop Smairidge, who tempt is unjuftinable, and far from prov- having perufed Mr. Whifton'i 4th vol. in ing his charge againft Mr. Whifton's cha- MS. on> returning it to him, expreifed racier, as wanting integrity and love of himfelf to this purpofe, " You have ad- truth. I own, I always thought his ed very uprightly, your quotations are word enemies would never lay the want fi fair and juft ;*a friend of mine did fuggeft of thefc to his charge, there feeming as to me that he thought you had omitted little reafon for it in his, as in moft, if fome pafiages in 'antiquity which feemed not any character that , has appeared to make againft . you, but upon compar- amongft us ; if .a view of his conduct is irig, I found you had not omitted them, taken under notice. In order to which but they were all in your papers.** See he mould be considered as the eafy and . Memoirs of Dr. S, Clarke, ift edition, happy Mr. Whifton, profeflbr of the ma- p. 175. Notwithstanding what is above themaiicks at Cambridge, with juft ex~ q (aid, I would not be thought to fay his peclations of further advancement, ca- character was perfect ; foibles he had, pable of bringing up, and providing com- and I agree with the author, his Me- fortably for his family ; in general efteem moirs of Dr. Clarke*s life and his own for his learned and ingenious writings, are proofs of it. In the firft he too as appears from letters to him published baftily concluded, all that in the main in his Hiftorical Preface in the life time of agreed with him , fiiould have exprefled the writers, and is admitted by this au- themfelves as fully, and have acted in the thor. Thus was he circumftanced when fame manner, he had done, and for their led into the enquiry, .and, I think, if his D not doing fo, he raftily questioned the writings on the fubjeft be read with thofe fincerity of feveral valuable peribns, to of his opponents, there .appear the great- whom the Chriftian World is greatly in- eft indications of integrity and love of debted. But I am furprifed any owe truth, that can be defined ; and that no- would mention the other, if they confi* thing but integrity of heart} depending dered his age when he wrote it. Thofe • 00 the Providence of God, and the ex- acquainted with him (aa I had theJtap- pedation of a future reward for his fuf- pinefs to be) know, that when Ike. was *- ferings here* (for at leaft what he thought £ above fouricore he had no thoughts of ift the truths of God) could have Aipported ever being done 5 and in a mort time af- Mm in the various difficulties he laboured ter, he declared, he would do it himfelf. under. And we ought to confider this All his friends were greatly concerned, teft of integrity and love of truth fuffici- and I dare fay did. (as I did) declare, from ent, as worldly intereft has been, and, I the hafte and infirmities of his age* we fear, will be moft prevalent in men j and . expected it to be what it is, unworthy - therefore, where this has been given up, of him $ and would have diuuaded bun and not only fo, but further fufferings from the mention of fome things, hut have been expected, where this, I fay, F could not prevail, nor would lie fuffsr is, cr lias been the cafe,. none can doubt any of his heft friends to fee it till print- but that it is as great proof of it as we cd 5 and I do fay, nothing that ever was ought to expect or defire. Thus with pabliihed gave me fo much concern as propriety we fay, the apoftlcs and primi- this.— Upon the whole, I declare, I ne- tive Chriftians gave evidence of their in- ver met with one that had a greater vene- tegrity and love of truth 5 and thus did ration for God and reliance on his Pro- he, not in a fudden ftart, but bis refo- vidence, or a more firm belief that tho . ration was fixt and permanent, and never Q Chriftian revelation was from him 5 and varied from to his death, as in fome mea- whofe life was more regulated thereby, fure appears hy a letter from him to Dr. than Mr. Whifton*s *♦. 'To which J make Potter, archhimop of Canterbury,- pub- no fcruple, but think it an honour to figa lifhed in the year 1 74a, about a living of my name. 300 or 400I, a year. Another ipftance Calis Jsacockc • fyi merg m iefene* •/ hi* cfrrtffrri * «#* Ma^.^or April k/U Q, l|7 J «s//«r Jtyn/a *' 225t ZZ%' Digitized by GoOgk ,'

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The LASSo/ the MILL; - a$s ' Sung by Mr. BEARD. jf^i^'Tnirr^c^V-M^ Whohat e'er been at BaWockmuft needs know the mill, At thefign of the Horfett the "■V^kfUfrHJ J J|Jr±=^ jfi^lfJJj^l^B^te foot ef the hill * Where the grave and the gay, the . down and the f^ beau, With— out all diftinftton pro— mifcuoufly go s iir rri i'U roiM%N£%£ Fori? Where the grave and the gay, jhe clown and the beau, With— ^^ 3 teJi out all diftin&ion pro— mifcuoufly go. Pi* 33 This man of the mill has a daughter fo fair, [an air, With fo pleating a (hape, and fo winning That once on the ever- green bank as I ftood, [the flood. I'd fwore me was Venus juft ff rung from 3- But looking again, 1 perceiv'd my miftake, For Venus, tho* fair, has the look of a rake \ While nothing but virtue and modefty fill Jhc more beautiful looks of the lafs of the mill. Prometheus dole Are as the poets all fay, To enliven that mafs which he modell'd of clay 5 fher tye% Had Polly been with him, the beams of Had fav'd him the trouble of robbing the flues. Since firft I beheld this dear lafs of the mill, [will, I can ne'er be at quiet ) but do what I All the day and all night I figb, and think ftiii, [mill. I (hall die if I have not this lafs of the Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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%i6 Putted feWavvV JUNE" 175$: ^JV*w COUNTRY DANCE. PA RSO'n' ADA MS. ■ |i I' I n m MPSa ^^f n* ■ '■' ' ■ llie firft*conip(W raft orlrtwoToupte,- the focond couple follows at the iajne timo/ froflt^ leM-tip to the totf ba^dS'acYofs qiffie round £, croft over, foot it an*" turn -w," righfhanoVand left quite round £•• Poetical EssVys in J~0*N~l£ 1753- Af oofcd the^ow^ry met d tad ferule (eld, SescPJenty all her various tribute yield ; . The 1tbp- plantation, and the apple- rade, With corn, beft gift of heav'n ! the pro- fpeel grace. Bacchus. Pomona/ Geres, blels the tiffl, Ariel rich abundance crowns the farmer's tollt Not more could Ataaltbea's hofn contain, Of riper?d product/ from the field or plain. ' III. Lo T Health climbs upihe moimrqm*s brow,. To fee Britannia** wealth below j Where the thicV "Hoc* fuchHeeetf bear, As (hame the ancient Tyriari pride : *Tis Jafon's wealth j out* mwi are Btt one great Argos o'er tap tide l Whoferw6mo cortftins lo opfBaJfa ft6re/ As fe^ri to purchase ap f ottO*) ore. Bteft-ffle 1 where freedom bapjiOr recedes * That treafore, which deftroy'd ten thou- fend (laves. • . vn Ye venerable patriarchs of tljejwosd; I long to fee you ploughing up the flood j All ranged in terrible array, WheregloWbuS Vernon poirits the wayi To humble France, to crum the Spanith pride, " [tMe/ And drew' the 'Bourbon liBet o^ the " Therl (halt Britannia, ocean's jqueeta^ Like her own oak,1 Yupremely rile : The world (hall therl obey her reign, Her poW*r exterfd to polar IkieVi To her, the African, alone, (baU bow { For her, the Indian only toQ | All Ada's weal t ft -for her, alone, met) flow; • The world (hall centre in her tile.1 Bleft profpect !— Commerce, rear thy Ian* guid head ; fing maid, look up, thy George (hall chear his dioop- V. CXD B.' On the 4/b cf June, Being the BTrib Day j/ hft RoyetHigbrnfi Cfioa ciy Frinct of Wales. By R. R01.T. I. BR I N"G your chaplets,* (trew~ydur ~ flow'rs 5 Strike the tabor, ftring the lyre : Let us greet the happv hours j Let our joy to heav n afpire. Come form the ring, and weave the dance 5 Sweetly tfftg the rural lay < Ye (hepherds hartt, ye nymphs advance j Come and crown this holiday. Hark ! the drum with folemn found, Joins the trumpefs tyrlgtnrr note \ - While mimic thunder (hakes the ground, Thro* the cannon's brazen throat* t And the merry-tun'd "bells, in a fweet chearful peal " [dayto"haiTl Roll round : — Oh ! George, thy native ' II." <5rlm War pulls oflTttie viler frdm""hil~ face, [Pe*on , And (brinks before the glorious ray of No more Rebellion, with unhallow'd hand, Drives Rage and Havbck o'er a weeping land : Tday, RddeClambur, bafe-born Faction, fly the "wlille Truth and Juftfce fpread their righteous fway. Fair Liberty fits in the vale* And fees honed labour at work, Where the ftrong thrreflier lifts up the flail, Or the hay- maker handles his fork. She hears theficarfe peafanttcjoice, As he turns up the glebe with 'his plow*; [voiet, And the milkmaid's more delicate As (he brings up the pail from the cow. Digitized by VjQOQ IC

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Poetical Essays in J U NE, 1753. v. jBrftain's flcanius, iippft tflyitandflre learn How tD.dire& the regal 4way t Ukejiim, $e v&pr*s,|aiu*ls nobly ctrn, Or teach rode factions .to obey. jLate be the hour 1 ^ut, wjien .fee ices* How glorious then will all.tjiy wipes rife ! WJjien Grange's cpunfels jHAfd the * thrope, To juide the fword, tljejojive Spread 5 What can we fear ? a glorious crown Shall circle round thy rpyaUjead ; Britannia AaU renin her lo£ renown, While Peace and Freedom dance in cv*ry . %uje. fOate 5 So young Auguflys fway'd the + Peace won by war, mpre folia glory Than ill the palms df all the warring kings. VI. Thy Granville (hall bejiold no Pyrrhus here, ' f Nor, like his Cyneas, thy ambition fear* Beneath his eveV-zeafoui care, Hdw great, how glorious, (halt thou (bine? f ' How very terrible in war ? In peace, how amiably divine ? Another Harry o'er the field, Where Agincburt Ihaif grace thy fliieW 3 Another Edward o'er the plaiq, Where ev'ry Art proclaims tjry reign. The Mufes, enliven'd, matt tear up their head, f gay mead; And tune their fweet fymphony rewind the tyhi\e Freedom and Plenty Aailfecm their blithe band, The Sconces too (ball be $e*e j Fair f ooynerce (ball bring up each Ad in hcrt^nd, Arid jtheir leftival laft thro* the year : Wftfe Brfcain's bleft cTmdreh (hail happily fat, ['. unda^nwd, he submits his caufe, 1^4 *»res the teft of your fevejeft laws Conyinc'd that tcbokrs will with pleafqre hear? [ear. For Attick fcenes mud pleafe an Attygc ThpTe Attick fcenes which once in learn- ing's bloom, d$Qth Vi% ihook the theatre of Rome ? There Csefar oft forgot the toils of figh(, And modeft Maro iiftned with delight : £'en veAals heard, unblam'd, the fpotlqft Jay. [away. And priests and ceniors went improved O ! wou'd the pomVd bards of Britiu> quit, * [wit ! P*he dangerous track of loofr, licentious Soon plight our thearnes in virtue's caufe., 4jk deem'd a glorious fupplement to laws. No fans ihould fcreen the bluming beauty'* tace, [grace. And prelates might an Englim drama Such moral fcenes would envy's rage dis- arm, [charm* Jew Caters then would nre— new Revile ^eH may this facred foot your rev'renos claim, theav'n bom fjame ? Shere firft their * author* caught the ethinks, e'en now thejr laurel'd forma defcend, [befriend s And, hov'ring round us, pur attempts Each bbfom muft th' inuring influence feel, {Steele. Warm'd by the names of Adoiion and While each fond brearl this pleafme them? - enjoys, [boyst Q ! think— they once were uneKperienc'4 Think too— that' we muft tune fome grateful lay, If cbear'd by you in this our weak eflay* When aelion flattens— let the fenfe pre- vail, [fpeakers fail. And language charm you, where the Entooui, fpoken by — lyre, in tb§ Cbaraffer of the Fidicina. THE cuctain faks !— But hold-Gar modern vogue [logue-^- IUquires*-to doit the whole-ran epi- A thing unknown at Rome in Terence* days, j A fimple— Plaudite— fecur'd his plagrs ; And won'd do now before thj$ judging pit. If learned Rofcius fi>oJe? v? U« Terencf writ, ^ut, as the cafe is aJter'drr-^erf LcQme, To learn the aclors, not the poet's doom. Boys 4s we aJe-ryfi^,w4^rnqt iQtfe e^- mand, [hana\ That the% nice colouring of this raafter- Our infant art mould reach :— Oiy nqbl<& Is but to draw the general outlines true,, If then our MHio breathes with lender art, Bach tof i emotion of a feeling Heart : *f • JdJifon dftd Steele wer$ dmUrbtufi fcbUrs* Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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aS8 Poetical Essays in JUNE, 1753. If Dense* ftern, with magifterial air, Knits the rough brow, and lifts the voice fevere i . If gallant [they aref What modeft — fimp'ring— filent things Our fex in ev'ry age, tho* men agree, Were chiefly fanVd for — taciturnity : Yet Aire the creature muft be in: the wrongs [of tongue. To give them fuch a monftrous — dearth They might have had a .'little more to"} fay; [wtr&ii A little more— would fcarce have been > *Tis fure— But do not therefore damn T our play. J *TU true,, the bard had parents mod in view, [too. Yet furely, 'twill hold good of huftand Thro' life's fair voy'ge he bids them gen- tly fleer j Neither be too remits, nor too fevere. When truth, not patfion, vindicates their fway, [obey. The stubborn yield— the milder pleas'd Ingenuous tempers cannot brook controul ; Love gently binds, yet ftrongly leads tlie foul. Tc bis Grace the Duke of Dorset* xvrittm fy Mr. Jonxs (Autlcr of The Earl of fcfiex) Joon after bit Arrival in Dublin, WHERE Knole's'majeftick groves their pride difplay, [vale, And cool with hofpitable (hades the Tempting the weary traveller to day. And quaff the fragrance of she flowty With languid limbs, and care-tir'd ■ thoughts opprert, [rove, • Where muting melancholy wont to To calm the tumults in my anxious bread, I fought the (helter of the lonely grove* There cryflal (treams down hoary cliffs diftil In gentle murmurs, mufically flow 5 One copious vein collects each vagrant rill, And floats a mirror iu the rock below. Thither by happy chance, or fortune led, Tbe grief-%aujiagmg grot I gladly obofe ; There on a mofly bank reclin'd my hesd, * And found the balmy blifs I fought, fcpoft. Lo ! to my fancy's wakeful eye. appear**? 9 Like Orpheus now, and now Menander feen, [cheer'd, A fage whole (Wrile my fainting fpirit His "temples fiourith'd with unfading green s Yet higher cares employed his ample mind Than verfe immortal,, or its praife, couM give, The mufes waited in bis train behind, And at his fide the graces ever live. t€ Arife," he (aid, " thou, melancholy'a fon— Lo heav'n directs thee in a happy hour, Thy better genius (hall thy hopes out- run 5 For this is Dorfet't (helter-ghrrngbowY; Here Dorfet rules, here Buckhurft rul'd before, [ground j Some angel guides thee to the hallow'd Here Dryden (har'd a Sackville's princely (tore, [renown'd : Here Butler ble(s'4 the' bounteous hand Like thine my humble lot, at firft, was thrown, In mean obfeurity's neglected vale ; Nor had my latent genius e'er been known, Nor future ages heard my happy tale $ Had not great Buckhurft (hatch'd me from the gloom, [on high ; He rais'd me up, and held my mule His flowing bounty made my laurel bloom, [nal (ky . Like dews descending from th' aututn- Nor (lops the current of his gen'rous mind, [ous race j But fweils increafing tbro* th' illuftri- The rich refreihing dream eash Mufe (hall find, [grace s In Dorfet's favour, and dtftinguifh'd Where genuine gratitude, and lovefincere, Their filial fentiments aloud up-raife j Let thy devoted verfe be offer'd there- Join the full chorus of a people's praife* But e'er thou reach thy happy native coaft, [good- Sure heav'n intends thee fome peculiar This honour'd incident (hall be thy boaft. With her to pafs the hoaffe iernian flood j With her whofe heart in Dorfet's bofom dwells, [more dear x Than kingdoms to hir faithful bread And when the rude unmanner'd ocean fwens, [near; My guardian aid (hall at her fide be To harmonize the difcord of the mam, When elements in dreadful chaos roll ; My fav'ritc office, and my peaceful (train, Shall calm the tumults of her tender foul. S My Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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Poetical Essays My mintftry wall fwell the joyful fails, And guide the veffel thro' the govern'd ^^?} [»ng gales, My watchful pow'r /hall wake the morn- And reconcile the (inking waves to deep. Why then dcfpond I thy future fortune ^cc — [infpires ; My patron guides thee, and his fon Let Prior lift thy hopes, for I am he,— Let Prior kindle thy mblimeft fires. Hence, hence, thy happy day approaches v n«»r> [ftrand, Kind fortune waits thee to thy native To give thee up to Dorfet's gen'rous care, She guides thee forward in her friendly hand/- 7 He faid— from off my eye-lids fleep arofe, And all the vifionary fcenes decay 5 Kcw hope, new gladnefs, in my bofom glows, [way, I ftraight purine the heav'n- directed Stanxas in the Chorus at tbt End of the 4th An of Racin'* Tragedy of Esther. ROIS, chaflez la calomni, Ses criminels attentas j Des plus paifibles etats, Troublent Theureufe harmonie, Sa fureur, de fang avide, Pourfuit par tout I'innocent j Roil, prenez foin de rabfent, Contre fa langue homicide. De ce monftre fi farouche, Craignez la feint e. douceur : La vengeance eft dins fon cceur, Et la pitie dans fa bouche. La fraude, adroite & fubtile, Seme de rleurs fon chemin : Mais fur fes pas vient enfin, Le repentir inutile. J'admire un roi viaprieux, Que fa valeur conduit triumphant en tons Keux. Mais un roi fage, & qui hait l'injuftice. Qui fous la loi du riche imperieux, N ^a1^1* P0'"1 que ,c Pauv« gemifle, Eft le plus beau prefent de cieux. IMITATED. DRIVE flander, ye monarchs, far. far from your gates 5 Her attempts will difturb your repofe : Will turn to diilraclion the peace of your ftafes, . ' And the virtuous purfue as her foes. The guiltJefs, when injured, defend from foul wrong : . O \ take not the flanderer's part : Nor trail the falfe candour, and zeal of his tongue, For malice is lodg'd in his heart, June, 1753, in JUNE, 1753. 289 Dread, dread the fell monftcr 3 refift all his wiles ; Left innocence fall in his (hare t With the faireft of fiow'rs tho* his fubtle path fmiles, Of the fcrpent beneath them beware. Can fuch rancour prevail, when fublimt on the throne, Truth and jurtice have fix'd their abodes When, by royal protedion to m*rit, is (hewn, That a king's the true image of God ? • THJ Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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THE Monthly Chronologer. \ H 1 laft accounts from Nova Scotia, dated the latter end of February, advife, That HaNifax is divided into 35 fquares, each containing 16 lots, of 40 by 60 feet, one e- ftablimed church, and one meeting houfe, and a fmall number of houfes out of the- regular ftreets, which are 55 feet broad. The town is furrounded with pickettings, and guarded by forts on the outfide. Along the river, to the fouthward of the town, are buildings and filh flakes, for at lead two miles j and to the northward, on the river, about one mile ; and be- hind thefe feveral lots of 15 acres diftri- buted ; aifo a fmall Dutch town, and a large fpace of land behind the town be- fides for a common. The river Chebuclo is at the town 3 miles broad, and over- againft the town is another fmall town called Dartmouth, up a cove ; this is yery thinly inhabited, the Indians having often ▼inted it, and done confiderable damage. Theie are the two only towns as yet. This river produces incredible plenty of fifti in every part, even plenty caught at the wharfs ; the chief forts are cod, had- dock, pollock, halbot, mackarel, her- rings, large flat fiih, maids, lohfters, and many other forts of fmall Jim ; other ri- vers the like, betides plenty of o> Iters, which are not found in this river. Any one can catch in two days as much fifh, as, cured or falted, would fumce to eat I days in a week for 12 months. The four-footed creatures of ihefe parts are yet unknown, as the war with the Indi- ans hath hitherto hindered the inhabitants going far into -the woods. There are vaft plenty of hares no bigger than wild rab- bits, fome porcupines as big as a fmall fpaniel, very fine black bears, but fmall j alfo a very large fort of deer, very great plenty of foxes, black and red, and ma- fcy other creatures ; vaft numbers of fquirrels,, flying ones, and other forts. Up the country are feveral very large frcli water lakes, a few miles from the town, very full of falmon, trout, eels, Sec. It is about 17 leagues to Sambro point or head from this town, in which fpace lie a great number of fmall i/hnds, and the many covet and fmall harbours are extremely commodious and favourable to the fifhery. W« had an account from BriftoJ^ that the colliers were now all quiet, and re- turned to their work. , (See p. 24a) A perfon who detained another for of- fering king William's plain halfpence, and carried him before a jnftice for refuf- ing to pay any other, was fined 5s. for the confinement of his cuftomer, and 5s* for refufing the lawful coin of this king- dom, agreeable to a& of parliament. On May 30, his majefiy's free pardon came to Newgate for Mary Squires, the gypfey, and in the evening (he was dif- charged from the faid goal. (See p. 242.) David Berkley did not die in Newgate, hut was reprieved a few days before the execution of the three malefactors men- tioned in our laft, p. 24 V Saturday, June 2. In the evening, about 6 or 7, there were terrible ftorms of hail, thunder and lightning, at Sherborne in Dorfetihirc, Bridgewater in Somerfetlhire, and other parts thereabout. At Sherborne the ftorm lafted near two hours, and fome of the hail ftones meafured 3 inches round 1 They were in all (hapes, round, long and flat. At Bridgewater the ftorm was more violent, continuing about an hour, many of the hail ftones meafuring from 6 to 7 inches round, and falling with fuch force as broke the tiles and all the windows that were expofed to it. Almoft all their fruit was beaten down, and a great deal of other damage done. Monday, 4. The birth day of his royal Wghnefs the prince of Wales was celebrated, who then entered into the 16th year of his age. Thursday, 7. At ten this morning Dr. Archibald Cameron was delivered by the deputy- lieatenant of the tower, to the under * fherirT of Middlefex, when being put in- to a fledge he was drawn to Tyburn amidft a vaft number of fpeclatori, Sir Richard Glyn, one of the iherifrs, fol- lowing the fledge in his chariot to the place of execution. The prifoner was drefled in a light-coloured coat, red waift- coat and breeches, and a new bag wig. He looked much at the fpcclators in the houfes and balconies, as well as thefe in the ftreets, and bowed to feveral perfofts. About a quarter paft 12 he arrived at the place of execution, and having fpent about ten, minutes in devotion, he was turned off. After hanging 24 minutes he waa cut Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1753- *l» MONTHLY CHRONOLOGER, 291 cut down, his head cut off, and hit heart taken out and burnt, but his body not. quartered. He behaved with as much refolution as could well be expected from a man in his unfortunate circumftances. His body and head were put into a herfe, and carried to Mr. Stephenfon's, under- taker, in the Strand, from whence it was, en Saturday night, interred in the large vault of the chapel in the prccincl of the Savoy. (See p. X4*0 His majefty went with the ufual (late to the houfe of peers, and gave the royal aflent to the following bills, viz. An acl to permit perfons profemng the Jewifh religion to be naturalized by parliament. An acl for the better preventing of clan- destine marriages (to take place on fvfarch 25, next.) An acl for the amendment and prefervation of the publick highways and turnpike roads of this kingdom. An acl for purchasing of the mufcum or cof- leclion of Sir Hans Sloane, and of the Harlean collection of manufcripts ; and for providing one general repofitory for the fame, and for the Cottonian library, by a lottery. An acl for granting to his Diajefty a certain fum, therein mentioned, out of the finking fund, and for applying certain fur pi us mojjeys remaining in the Exchequer for the fcrvire of the year 1753, &c. An acl for allowing further time for the inroUment of deeds and wills made by Papifts, and for relief of Protec- tant puidhafers, devifees, and leflees. An acl to render more efteclual an acl made in the 12th year of Q^ Anne, enti- tled, An acl for providing a publick re- ward for fuch perfons, as /hall difcover the longitude at fea. An acl for regu- lating the manner of licenfing ale- houfes in England 5 and for the more eafy con- vicling perfons felling ale, and other li- ' quors, without licenfe. An acl for con- tinuing feveral laws relating to the pu-' ol/hment of perfons going armed or dif- guifed, in defiance of the laws of cuftom •r excife, &c. An acl to explain, amend, and continue the provisions made by two acls of parliament, for the more effeclual difarming the Highlands in Scotland, &c. An acl for the preventing of the incon- veniencies and dangers, that may a rife from the prefent methods of digging gra- vel, find, ftone, chalk, Sec, on commons and wafte grounds for the repair of the highways. An acl to explain, amend, and continue the acl relating to di (tem- pered cattle. An acl for opening a new ftreet from the weft fide of King- ft reef, We'ftminfter, to Delahaye-ftrt et, near St. ^ames>s park. To fome other publick - ills, road-bills, and private bills. Af- ter which his majefty made a moft graci- ous fpeech to both houfes, (which fee, p. 282.) and the parliament was pro- rogued to Aug. 14, next. Friday, 8. A very conftderable fhock of an earth- quake was felt this night between 1 1 and xa at feveral places in the north- welt parts of England, as at Skipton in Craven in Yorkshire, at Manchefter in Lancashire, and at Xnutsford in Chemirc, and in the villages adjacent to thofe towns j of which the account from Skipton may ferve for the reft : Iu duration was judged to be about 3 feconds j its effecls upon thofe who were up in the houfes were like the fudden and violent parting of wheel carriages through the ftreets, which made every thing make in the houfes, and the floors to heave ; ond even the moveables, deal planks, &c. to be thrown down : Thofe in bed felt their beds heave and vibrate very quick, and the walls and windows rattle as if fhook to pieces t Thofe out in the ftreets very fenftbly felt the earth heave and (hake, which wat fucceeded by a rufliing noife and explofi- on, like that of gunpowder fired in the open air. It was very calm, a red iky, intermixed with black clouds. Saturday, 9. The feflions ended at the Old Bailey, when the 7 following perfons received fentence of death, via. William Corbey, for a robbery in the Five Fields going to Chelfea '; Robert Davis and Thomas Col- lingham, two outlawed (muggier* j Anne Ellis, for ftealing 14 guineas, the proper- ty of her m after $ John Aylift*, for a highway robbery near Pancras-wafh ; Pe- ter Tickner, for returning from tranfpor- tation j and Simon Smith, for a ftreet robbery. At the clofe of the feflions, the grand jury for London, after having fpent three days in examining the witnefles for and againft Canning, came into court, and returned feveral bills againft William Clark and John Gibbon the two Abbotf- bury men, Mr. Grevil of Coomb, and Elisabeth Canning, true bills. (See p«. 241.) SuKDAY, 10. The birth' day of the prtneefles Amelia and Caroline was celebrated, when the former entered into the 43d, and the lat- ter into the 41ft year of her age, Wednesday, 13. The royal regiment belonging to the train of artillery was reviewed by his ma- jefty, &c. in Hyde-park, when they went through their exercifes, difcharging of cannon, &c. with admirable exaclnefs, Thursday, 14. His grace the duke of Newcaftle, chan- cellor of the univerficy of Cambridge, Qo» - arrived Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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292 MARRIAGES, DEATHS, &c.' June arrived it Glare hall, where he was im- mediately waited on by the vice chancel- lor, nobility, and heads of houfes. At one he went to the fejate lioufe, and heard a divinity acl : After which he dined with the vice chancellor, and fpent the evening with the Rev. Dr. Rooke, mafter of Chrift's. The next day, about ten, arrived there the lord chancellor. At eleven there was a Latin fermon preached by Mr. Garnet, of Sidney col- lege ; after which, his grace the chan- cellor went to the congregation, and fent fiom thence a deputation of 23 members* of the fenate to wait upon the lord chan- cellor to the fenate houfe, where his lord- fhip was prefented to the degree of doc- tor of laws. — Several other degrees were conferred by, and honours paid to, hit) giace the chancellor, during the few days of his ftay here. WafrNtSDAT, 20. Chriflfopher John fon, a journeyman fadler, aged 2a, and John Stock dale, clerk to a proctor in Dolors- commons, but 17 years old, were apprehended, and by juftice Fielding committed to New- gate, for robbing and mooting one Gard- ner, a penny -poft-m in, at Winchmore- hill near Enfield -chace, two days before, the poor man dying of his wounds the fame evening. When before the juftice they both confeftcd the robbery, but each charged the other with the murder. Sun day, 24. This evening, between 5 and 6, was* a confiderable thunder ftorm in and about London, attended only with rain in feme places, and great hail-ftones in others, particularly about Tflington, Hoxton, ice. At the former place the hail-ftones were aa big at marble*, and at the latter they moft of them meafured an inch and a half round ; whereby much damage was done to windows, gardens, Sec. AtNevv- ington- green, at the fame time, there was no hail. Monday, 25. Thomas Chitty, Efq; alderman and falter, and Matthew Blackifton, Efq; al- derman and grocer, were chofen meriffs of London and Middlesex for the year enfuing. Marrtaoks and Births. May 27. Q E V. Mr. Kemp, brother of IV Sir John Kemp, Bart, to Mifs Holden, of Tooting. 29. Rev. Mr. Lloyd, re£tor of St. James's, DukeVPlace, to Mifs James* of Jermin-ftreet. 30. • George Halfey, Efq; of a large e- ftate near Cranbrook in Kent; to Mifs Martha Fiiher, of Great Queen- ft reet, a jo.oool. fortune. mf. Capt. David Brodie, late- com- mander of the Strafford man of war, t# Mils Mary Afton, fifter of the late Sir Thomas Afton, Bart. June 2. Hon. Mr. Roper, eldeft four of lord Teynham, to the eldeft daughter of Sir Francis Head, Bart. 5. Rev. Mr. Yell, of Cambridge, te Mifs Popham, of Southampton-row. 11. Henry Bankes, of Lincoln's -inn, Efq; memb. for Corfe-caftle, to Mif? Wynne, of Dtan's-yard, Weftminfter, and daughter of the late biihop of Bath a"hd Wells. Dodding Braddyl, of Carihalton, Efqj to Mrs. Jeken. 14. Hon. ■ Lyndford, Efq; of a plentiful eftate in Ireland, to Mifs South- ell, of Bloomlbury. Richard Effex Wyiidham, Efq; of a great eftate in Eflex and Hertfordftiire, to Mifs Frances Mitchel, of Park- place. 16. Sir Charles Wake, Bart, to Miff Jackfon, of Northamptonshire. — — Ludlow, Efq; of a large eftate in Ireland, to lady ■ Lumley, fifter to the earl of Scarborough*. 21. Jofeph Waring, Efq"; of Ham, to Mifs Rachel Dugda4e, of Bromley. 23. Thomas Forbes, Eflcj; merchant, to Mifs Coufemaker, of Petty- France, Weftminfter. 26. Arthur Onflow, Efq; fon to the Rt. Hon. the fpeaker of the houfe of commons, to Mifs Shelly, daughter of Sir John Shelly, Bart* and niece to the duke of Newcastle. 28. Mr.Rolfe, of Clerkenwell, to Mifs Lacey, niece to counsellor Lacey. May 19. The lady of the Rt. Honr and Rev. ford vifc. Strangford, delivered of a fon, in Ireland . 28. The lady of Sir William Chamber- lain, of a fon and heir. June 7. Marchionefs of Twtedate, of a daughter. ■ Lady of Sir Robert Ladbroke, of a fon. 24. The lady of Henry Streatfieldy Efq; of a fon and heir. Deaths. May 25.1TT 7ILLIAM Maurice, count W of NalTau, lord of Ou- werkerke and Wondenberg, brother te the carl of Grantham, in Holland. 29. Rear admiral Gafcoigne, at his houfe at Stratford. Henry Villiers, Efq; lieut. governor of Tinmouth caftle. 31. Lady Henrietta Beard, only daughter to the late carl of Waldegrave, and fifter to the prefent earl. June 4. Rt. Hon. Mary countefs of Macclesfield, wife of the prefent earl. Sir Arthur Owen of Pembrokeshire, Bart, lord lieutenant and cuftos rotulorum of the faid county: He is fuccecded in . dignity and eftate by his eldeft ion WiU liai»> Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1753- PROMOTIONS, BANKRUPTS, &c. 2$j lfrifi, knight of the (hire for the fame county, now Sir William Owen, Bart. 7. Co!. Legge, col. of a company in the fecond reg. of foot guards. Rt. Hon. Henry lord vifc. A/hbrook, in Ireland. 8. Daniel Campbell, of Shawfield, Efq; in the 8id year of his age. He was a member of the Scots parliament, and one of the treaters at the union, and for many years ferved his country as a member of Che Britifh parliament. 16. Hon. Mifs Digby, only fitter to lord Digby. John Corbett, Efq; fon of William Cor- •bttt, Efq; one of the commiflioners of the navy: He was a principal clerk to the lords of the admiralty. Henry Bendifh, Efq; poflefs'd of a con- fidence fortune in Jamaica. ko. John Ford, Efq; an eminent coun- sellor at law. Rt. Hon. the lady vifcountefs Bulkeley, reltft of Richard lord vifc. Bulkeley. The death of lieut. gen. Churchill was inferted in the papers by miftake. Ecclesiastical Prifirmints. Front the London Gaietti. ANTHONY Cope, M. A. appointed by his majefty dean of Ardmagh ; Hill Benfon, M. A. dean of Connor ; and WKIiamNethercoat, dean of Kilmacduagh, all in Ireland. From the otbtr Papers. Mr. Lowe, prefented by the earl Fitz- williams, to the vicarage of Somerton in Eflex.— Anfelm Bayly, L. L. B. by the dean and chapter of St. Paul's, to the rec- tory of Langdon- hills, in Eflex. — Mr. Hay, B. D. by the earl of Bath, to the xe&oryof Sutlidge in Suflex.— -Mr. Lewis, thofen lecturer of St. John at Hackney. — Abraham Cbaning, M. A. prefented by the earl of Shaftibury, to the reftory of GuflTage St. Michael in Dorfctfhire. — Richard Hardy, L. L. B. by lord vifc, Howe, to the re&ory of Lantrar in Not- tinghamshire.— Mr. Charles Venner, by the earl of Lincoln, to the reftory of Maiden in Lincolnfhire. — Mr. Heatherly, by the governors of Chrift's-Hofpital, to the vicarage of Clavering cum Langley, in Eflex. PaoMOTiows Civil and Military. From the London Gazette. JOHN vifc. Fitzmaurke, created an earl of the kingdom of Ireland, by the title •f earl of Shelburne' in the county of Waterford. — Jofeph Darner, of Milton- Abbey in Dorfctfhire, Efq; created baron Milton of Sbronehill in the county of Tiperary in the kingdom of Ireland.— Lord Cornwallis, created a vifcount and •arl of Great- Britain, by the title of vif- count Brome in the county of Suffolk, »nd earl Corn wall is. — George Colling- wood, Efq; made lieut. governor of Jerfey. —Thomas Lacey, Efq; lieut. governor of Tinmouth caftle.— -Alexander Trapaud, Efq; deputy governor of Fort Augudus in Scotland. — Hh grace Charles duke of Richmond, made capt. of a company in lord Bury's reg. of foot. — Sir Danveri Ofborn, made governor of New- York. From the other Papers. Major Robert Spragge, of col. Trelaw- ney's reg. of foot at Jamaica, made lieut. col. of that regiment ; and capt. Park Pepper major in his room. —William Ar- chibald Somner, Efq; made a capt. in the royal reg. of Scotch greys ; as was alfo Ralph Carderoy, Efqj— Capt. Clavering;, made a col. in the ad. reg. of foot guards. —Commodore Coates, elecled a brother of the Trinity. houfe, in the room of ad- miral Gafcoigne, deceafed. — Capt. Pen and capt. Pringle, alfo elected elder brothers of the faid houfe.— Col. Julius Csefar, of the 2d reg. of foot-guards, made a field ofli- ce^of the faid reg. and col. Barrington, eol; of the company in his room Georgt Norbury, Efq; made conftablc of Chefter- caftle.— John Cleveland, jun. Efq; made one of the chief clerks of the admiralty, and the Hon. Barrington, Efq- fecretary for the affairs of Greenwich- hofpital ; both in the room of John Cor« bett, Efq; deceafed. B — JCR— TS. JOSEPH Mordecai, of St. Martin's le Grand, merchant. — John Edwards, of Newgate- ftreet, bacon butcher Henry Bolney, of St. Giles's in the Fields, inu- holder. — Leonard Tymms, of Kingfton upon Hull, ironmonger — James Jaquer, of Leeds, mercer — Robert Magfon, of Knaves-acre, baker. — William Sandys, of Fleet-ftreet, dealer in tea. — John Gray, of Bifliopfgate- ftreet, grocer. — William, Lovejoy, of St. Mary Magdalen, Ber- mondfey,woolftapler.— Michael Malcolm, of St. Martin's m the Fields, cabinet- maker.—Thomas Clark, of Knightfbridge, tireftnith.— William Whately the younger, of Birmingham, fadler and ironmonger.-* Peter Shaw the younger, late of Scarbo- rough, matter mariner and victualler.— William Mackenzie, of Portfmouth, mer- chant Thomas Leedham, of Wirkf- woith, in Derby (hire, flaxdrefler.— Joha Haflur, late of Goodman's- fields, ftock- broker. — Chriftopher Bourn, late of Brentford, checfemongcr.— Evan Jones, of Marygold-court, St. Martin's in the Field*, taylor Shardlow Whightman, late of St. Andrew's Holbourn, brewer. —Thomas Dixon, now or lare of Monk- wearmouth, in the county of Durham, (hip- carpenter and coal- finer. — Edward White, of Lambeth, timber- merchant. FROM Digitized by VjOOQ 1C

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FOREIGN AFFAIRS, 1753. *94 FFOM Venice we hare received a copy of the fpeech made by prince Hera- clius, to the grandees of Perfia, a (km bled at Isfahan, the 17th of April, which for the peculiarity of id ftile, we (hall give our readers, together with the remark made upon it by our correfpondent, as follows. Magnanimous Perfans, heroes of the rate of Sect ! «• With the aid and fupport of the God whom I ferve, 1 have reduced you. The arm of the Moft High hent my bow, his Almighty hand ftrcngthened my arm, and directed my arrows, and I have fubdued you, and difnerftd my enemies. It is this God, the God of my fathers, whom I invoke : Before his adorable face I fall proftrate, as did formerly Abraham, Ifaac, and Jacob Fear nothing from me, ye il~ laftrious iffue of heroes ; for I will deal with you as a father of the family of Ca- leb and Nun : As your captain, I (hall always march at the head of your armies, and as your genera), I will go forth ta chaftife your enemies and mine. Yes, when the inhabitants of the earth fliall provoke your bravery, and force us to declare war again ft them, I will go before you, under the guidance of the God whom I worrtiip, and lead you to the ex- tremities of the fea, from the Euphrates to the Mouth of the Ganges, and as far as the mountains of the Eaft. I will give you a fignal which you are as yet igno- rant of, and you mall march under a banner which you are Grangers to. Give heed to this, brave Perfians ! tell the people, and let them tell it to their children, that whether in peace or war they mall always find in me a true father pf the country. I mall fend ambiffadors to offer our friendship to all neighbours, and we will lio* refute it to fuch nations as maydefire it. For this purpofe, Uron the Black, that intrepid warrior, who has often foueht by my fide like a bear in its fury, fliall go in my name to t>ie Great Mo^ul $ .and Zolfiar, that active fpirit, whofe vi- vacity is like that of an elephant elevated with wine, fhall repair to the Grand Turk. We will live in peace with the defendants, of Tafncilane $ and as for the princes that rei^n beyond the feas in the Weft, I offer my good- will and friendship to them all. Valiant heroes of Perfia ! fuch is the covenant I make with you, and which you a*c going to fwear with me in the prefenceof God.*' Notwithstanding this puffy Eaftern rtile, the character of a conqueror is difcernihle x He is not indebted to fortune for every thing he has done ; bravery and policy have had at teaft as great a (hare in his fuccefs. Since he has taken pofftiTion of his throne, order and tranquillity have been reftored at Isfahan 5 trade is carried on as ufual in Julia, a nosed fuburb of that capital, and the center of the com- merce of the Armenian merchants, whofe affairs were greatly difordered during the troubles of Perfia, and who are now rtriv- ing to repair their loiTcs by making the belt ufe of an interval of peace, which, perhaps, will not lad very long. From Frankfort they write, that the famous Monf. de Voltaire (being perfectly recovered from the indifpofitioa which had detained him fome time at the court of Cotha) was arrived there on his in- tended route to France ; but that, at the requeft of his Pruffian majefty, their ma- gistrate had arretted him j and that he would not be permitted to purfue his journey, till fuch time as he delivered into the hands of his Pruffian majefty's resident divers papers and manufcripts, which that monarch had once fo much confidence in this pedant as to truft him with. Hague, Tune 14. The negotiation for felling to the houfe of Orange the lands, houfes and palaces which the king of Pruffia poffeffes within the territories of the republick of the United Provinces, is in great forwardnefs, and will fpeedily bo brought to a conclusion. By this agree- ment the whole fucceffion of king Wil- liam III. of England will center in the houfe of our prefent Aadtholder j and it , is faid the bargain is to be ft ruck for 700,000 florins, payable at four terms. From all parts of Europe we hear of nothing but encampments of armies and preparations for war ; but what furprizes us mod are the preparations in Spain j for his catholick majefty has given Ciders for a new augmentation in his troops, tho* they are at prefent on the fame footing as at the end of the laft war ; and betide* the camp of 30,000 men, which is to be formed in Catalonia, another of 15.000 is talked of, which the marquis de las Mi- nas has orders to affemble in the neigh- bourhood of Barcelona. The fame fpirit fcems likewiie to have feiied the Turks } for befides a great army which they are affembling in Alia upon the frontiers of Perfia, they are forming another in Eu- rope upon the frontiers of Ruffta, and the- Tartars of the Crim are all In motion, as if they were juft going to enter upon action, which has obliged the Ruffians to form an army of 40 or 50,000 men oa that fide. Djvi- Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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ftht Monthly Catalogue /or June, 1753. zgg Divinity and Controversy. 1 , »-jp H E Creation and Fall of Man. 1 By S. Shuckford, D. D. pr. 5$. Tonfon. -2. An Addrefs to Jbe Rev. J. Wefley. By J. Parkhurft, M.A. pr.6d. Withers. 3. Second Letter in Defence of our prefent Liturgy, pr. is. 64, Cooper. 4. A Letter to Mr. Fothergill, pr. 6d. Owen. 5. The whole Works of the late Re*, and learned I. Watts, D. D. In 6 Vols. 4to, pr. 3I. us. in Sheets. Longman. 6. Moral and religious Aphorifms of Dr. Whichcote. By S. Salter, D. D. pr. cs. Payne. 7. Some Thoughts on Self-Love, in- nate Ideas, Free -well, &c. By the Author of the Eflay on Spirit, &c. pr. is. Baldwin. S. The Ordinary of the Brethrens Churches, his fliort and peremptory Re- marks, pr. is. Beecroft. 9. The Introductory Difcourfe to the tremendous San&ion, impartially debated. By J Maude, A.M. pr. is. 6d. C. Davis. History and Antiqjuitiis. 10. A Series of particular and ufeful Obfenrations, upon that admirable Struc- ture, The Cathedral Church of Salisbury, 4to. By Francis Price. Printed by C. and J. Ackers ; and Sold by R. Baldwin. 11. Caftruccio BuonamicTs Commen- taries of the late War in Italy. Tranf- lated by A. Wifhart, M. A. pr. 5s. in Boards. Millar. is. Memoirs of the Life, tec. of John Lindfey, Earl of Crauford. By R. Rolt, pr. 15s. Owen. 13. Memoirs of Dr. Arch. Cameron, of Lochiel, pr. is. Swan. ia. A Voyage to Peru, performed inr the Years 174*5, 1746, 1747, J748» and 1749, pr. is. 15. Obfervatiens upon the Antiquities of the Town of Herculaneutn. By M. Belliard, pr. 6s. Wilfon. 16. A Diflertatfon of the Equeftrian Figure of the George, and of the Carter. By J. Pettingal, A. M. pr. as. 6d. Pa- ter fon. 17. Guicciardini's Hiftory. Tranflated by M. Goddard. Vol. I. pr. 6s. fewed. Towers. Philosophy and Physicjc. it. A phyfical Account of the Cafe of Elix. Canning. By J. S. Dodd, pr. is. Bouquet. 19. The General .Difpenfatory. By R. Brookes, M. D. In i2me. pr. 3s. 6d. Ncwbery. 20. The D'tfpenfatory for the Ufc of the Royal Hofpital in Edinburgh. Tranf- Jated into Englifh by P. Shaw, M. D. pr. is. 6d. innys. 5 11. An Eflay on the Power of Nature in curing Difeafes, pr. is. Owen. 22. An Eflay on Magnctifm. By F. Penrofe, pr. is. Owen. 13. An Abftradt of the Anatomy of the human Body. Tranflated by D. In- gram, pr. 6s. Clarke. 24. A Treatife on Opium. By G. Young, M. D. pr. 3s. 6d. Millar. 25* A Diflertation on Quick Lime. Bf C. Alfton, M. D. pr. is. Wilfon. 26. The new Difpenfatory. In one Vol. 8yo. pr. 6s. Nourfe. 17. Philofophical Tranfa&ione, VoL XLVII. pr. 12s. in Sheets. C. Davis. 28. De Francifci Solan i inventts circa Arteriarum Pulfum et Praefagia inde hau- rienda Program ma. Autore M. Flemyng, M. D. pr. is. Bladon. 29. An Abridgment of the Works of J. Hutch in fon, Efqj pr. 3s. Owen. 30. The DoeWne of a Commertfurabi- lity between the diurnal and annual Mo- tions. By J. Shennedy, pr.6d. L.Davis. 31. A Letter to W. Smellie, M. D. By J. Burton, M. D. pr. 4s. Owen. 32. A Diflertation upon the Sugar of Lead. By J, L. Dyvernois, M. D. pr. 6d. James. Misc ill amicus. 33. The Britifh Parliamentary Regifler. In one Vol. Svo. in Boards and Marble Paper, pr. 5s. Baldwin. 34. The Traveller's Companion, pr. is* Richards. 35. An Appeal to the Publick in Be- half of Elizabeth Canning. By D. Cox, M. D. pr. is. Meadows. 36. Admonitions from Scripture, from Religion, and common Prudence, relating to the Jews. By Archaicus, pr. 6d. Baldwin. 37. Some Remarks on a Speech made in the Common-Council, againft natura- lizing the Jews, pr. 6d. Baldwin. 38. Reafons for preventing the Growth of Judaifm, pr. 6d. Brett. 39. On the A& for naturalizing the Jews, pr. 6d. Carpenter. (See p. 254.) 40. An Apology for naturalizing the Jews, pr. 6d. Cooper. 41. Considerations on the faid Bill, pr. 6d. Owen. 42. Remarks on the Bill for preventing clandestine Marriages, pr. 6d. Sheepey. 43. A feafonable Apology for the Clo- thiers of Great-Britain. By F. Moile, pr. is. Corbett. 44. A Propofal for .the Re- eft ab!i fo- ment of Chriftianity, pr. 6d. Cooper. 45. An Eflay upon the Nature and In* tention of Homer's Gods, pr. is. 6d. Dodfley. [Tbt r$ in ntr tu*t.J Paicts Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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Price of com H j— ,A_- •4 M g M a* OOU» O M • «•«*«• r->o 8? J? 5? J? M • O O O ■? g e m *» &"& * Os*» R-3 rf» s« i o. H «. »* O u> «fe wn so M S8?-| » -- 8 g- **, •» •• o 8 ** •» o. 1M «• H 0 O M o rt rt ^ • c 0005s: O.V» M M » £> O.OU) OO i— ^ • 0* 8 p. M a» ft. •» s sstss U^ S?§-£*i " ** S°SScS ON p. 0 a. 0 o* s * »» »* m 0 004" ooso •» (A W — !!!? o a. *CL ?■* P-M O. a O O * as * • - T3 ^ ? * M •9 8. £ ». - - O o\ ~ + vj vo o» o» «» •— p. 8,2 s*£ 14 O • ** S' £ m e.M O 1 1 PC/9 "* MMMMMCAMM.tjO u»u» u» u» u» Cww ^ w s© so s© s© so d««o o * _ ■**« ? «** *"* * * M m M M M M t/J V* W Ui w w u* c OO 00 00 00 00 OS 3 00 00\O «C*0 3 SO VO >o VO SO SO s» so so so SO SO so sstlst ssvi* vvt wr» tn N H N M M » NO DK •» N M O O M »»►»>» S43SO H X wr»Oi o O • O ~ 1 »• . o 000 ^0 91 £ - 000000 00000 JJ^2.^0c° 000000 000000 «Ov| v| oooooe «^« OaH «Ki £,^^.2,2,9 OOOOOO 00 00 0O 00 OO-xtl S M NJ nJ \4«g OOOOOO 0% 0% Ov Os OS OS t» 6v Os OS Os§s^»> o M to H 0 o - — — *— 21 ooSooo 000S0 Oi9sOSOtO\9i Ok Os Os Os Ov h^XX!i oooooo sO\Ososo> Os ot OS Os S\ & *• so © 0+. . oooooo oooooo *2.2.9.$.°.0 .0.00000 ^r.S.0.000 oooooo 00^" 2: £5,25i:^ ,55,8,200 SS5SSS S0SS0S SS-U" •i-a.-ji-a.'i-s. ^.-i-a.u'i-a. •a.-i-d-i-a.-a. u^i-i.-i-a.-a. •±•±■^1- mmh» ffff-ara-a -s-srireff ?s??-ii2-4 U» »» M OOoOOdOOOOlA s^rtS^SWi^Lw-fiiiirtgji § • I

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- _ ~- » ■ ■ — — ^— — — i ■■ h i ■ ■ i I >i — >— »^^— »J»^— ^— <■ r « The London Magazine: Affairs in tne uit semon ot raniamcnt. avu. extract irom a hook, intrtieci, me IV. Letter* from the Adventurer. Conducl of a Married Life. V. A Description of ChcAer. XVIIf. Irifcription on a Marble Stone put VI. The Journal of a Learned and Poli- up at St. Bartholomew's Hofpiul. tical Club, ice. continued : Containing XIX. Riot in yorkfliire. the Speeches of C. Numifius, M. Va- XX. Poitey : Hymn to Adverfity ; the krHis Corvus, App. Hardonius, and Caefo Britifh Country Life j to a Lady j Winter j frabius, on the Bill to permit Perfons pro- Paraphrafe on a Paflage m thtJVifdcfaof fefling the Jewifti Religion to be natura- Soltnrn ; Extempore on Admiral Vernon 5 lized by Parliament. Soliloquy on an empty Purfe ; 6n the VII. The Hebrew Journal, from the Craftf- Death of a young Lady ; to. Artemifia j man. s the Miller's Song, fet to Mufick. VII I. London a -wonderful City. XXI. The Monthly Crxonoloier 1 IX. Ntbodft Letter concerning Wheel- Car- Seflions at the Old Bailey ; Murderers ex* riages. ecuted ; Trials, &c. &c. X. Advantages of living In trading Towns. XXII. Promotions 5 Marriages and Births j XL Bleflingt of Liberty, and Miferies of Deaths ; Bankrupts. Slavery. XXHI. Prices of Stocks for each Day. XII. Account of the A& to prevent clan- XXIV. Monthly Bill of Mortality. deftine Marriages. VXXV. Foreign Affairs. « XIII. Society and a Savage Life compared. XXVI. Catalogue of Books. With a beautiful Head of BEN JOHNSON, a neat View of the City of CHESTER, and a curious Representation of Jupiter delivering Infant Virtue to Adverftty to be educated, Minerva and Hercules on each Side j all finely engraved. MU LTU M IN P A R V 0. ~ t - ■*■- |— -■" - ■ ■ ' ~ . ~ '" ~ LONDON: Printed for R. Baldwin, jnn. at the Rofe in Pater- Nofter-Ro*r ; Of whom may be had, compleat Sets from the Beginning to this Time, neatly Bound, or Strtch'd, or any finglo Monrh~«o compleat Sets. Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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CONTENTS. Disputes about the number of forces, the land-tax bill, &c 329. . Of the bills patted into laws 330 Letters from the Adventurer 331 Solution of a furveying queftton ibid. E. Po* try. Hymn to Adverti ty 3 3* The. Britifh country life, in imitation of Horace* ibid. iTo a lady who prefented a gentleman with a pair of ruffles of her own making On the death of a young lady ibid. lb Artemifia : Dr. King's invitation to Bellvill imitated ibid. The miller's fong, fet to muficfc 334 A new minuet 335 Winter Urn*. Soliloquy on an empty purfe iMdi Raraphrafe on a paflage in the Wijdam of Solomon a 33** Extempory, occadoned by reading in the papers, that admiral Vernon had a flag given him, after many years retirement*, written in 1739 ibid. ThcMeNTHLV Ciisnoiosii 337 Atcount of the ad to prevent clandemne marriages ioid. ■ n of the aft for licenflng akhoufce ibtd: „*— of the aft for the amendment and prefervation of the turnpike roads, and • to encouiage the ufe of ttroad wheels ibid. Rebels feized in Scotland ibid- Infcriptioh on a marWe tone put up at ADiftertation upon deep, from a trea- tife on opium lately publimed 299 The Hebrew journal, from the Craftflnan- 30a The life of Ben Johnfon 303 His chandler 504 The Journal of a learned and political Clvb, &c continued 505—321 Dmatx on the bill to permit penons pro- • felling the Jewim religion to be natu- ralized by parliament ibid, Sntci of C. Numifius in favour of the bill 905. The bill conAdered in a religious view 305, 306 -■ in a. political view J07 Sr*ao» of M. Valerius Corvus agamit the bill 30$* CThat the bill will not tend to forward their converfion, but the contrary 308, 309. That the Jews can never be the beginners of trade in any country jio- That they cannot promote our trade, but . may injur* Our peofdeialready concerned. in it 314, &c. SreacH of App. Hardonius in favour of the bill 3x3 SrucH of Csefo Fabius againft the bill 316 Hiftory of the Jews fettkment in this Kingdom 317 How they have been treated in other na* tions 310 London a wonderful city, from the Ad- venturer 32 t Advantages of living in trading towns 31a Society and a favage life compared 323 &*bodr* letter concerning wheel carriages ibid. F. Blefimgs of liberty, and miferies of flavery 3*5 A tine defcription of' Italy. 326 Extraft from a book, intitled, The Con- duct of a Married Life, &c. / 327 A defcription of the city of Chefter 327, 32S Explanation of the Vnw 329 A fummary of the moA important affairs in lift feflion of parliament 329, 330 Ekaat. Jn our /aft, p. 280. c$L 2. lint 2. of the fecond Paragraph, fir will coft, remi' Wlfl not COft. *n*a— t. Z~ Alt thai was omitted in Mr, JeacockeU later, in our loft, concerning Mr. Wbijton^ter tbe dajb tawar&sbe end of it, was to this purpofe, That he wiftied; rhftead of advertfbng tner * Memoirs of* his Life, after his death, they were every one of them burnt ; *>***> « U bad f aid encugb abtut them, before, we thought might he very well feared, as we wmnto&rmm ", for a Jew lines. ~ trh*«tMrt&fttrMwfrf another mnftver to tbt Jurwyingjmfion, ptfid, &c. mfe. jb*Il btin*ur*ext.—A gtntroJ'Ma^ofroriJbtrt, wtU bttp*blijbtd m our next Maganim. t3* Rxcfifts for colietfing tbt Law* Tax and Wikoow Lights*. «r« give* Grati* ig. -Jt.BALawiK, SaokfelUr,. at :bc JLofc./a PAtef-NoHcr Row, _ __ . _ St Bartholomew's hofpitai1 Riots in Yorkihire Herring and whale fitherks Seffions at the Old Bailey Murderers executed Marriages and birtha Deaths Ecclenaftical preferments Promotions civil and military Perfons declared bankrupts FoauGH Affairs A catalogue of books Prices of docks and gram 5 wind, wi- ther J44. Monthly bin of mortality ibid. ibid. ibid. 34» 34* fbtd» tbtd* 34* 343 two more fueftitns pn* with a Vitw of Tawk* Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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THE London Magazine. JULY, .753. fions this rcmora, and thereby accumu- lates our ferous juices, appears from a remarkable experiment, firft published by Mr. Wafle, in the Philosophical Tranf- aCHons, and afterwards farther profecuted by M. defentenu*. The experiment (hews, that' a mm a that ufcs much exercife the preceding day, if he is meafured exa&ry at night, wiH be fonnd very fenfibly morter than he will be next morning, after a good night's reft : The difference will often amount to an inch and fometimes more. - This is accounted for by the cartilages- of the fpine being full and diftended by , _„_. _ .. , r, .., the juices, Which are accumulated in the ceed, take a view of the B night during deep 5 whereas the fame phenomena and effects cartilages by being compreflTed by exer- dfe In the day-time, are emptied of thofe juices, which being reftored in the morn- ing, make them thicker and more elaftick. By the fame experiment we find, that Ample reft, without any deep, had more or lefs the fame effect upon the incrcafe of At we generally take Care to give cur Readers fime ExtraSft Jrom the mft ufeful or a- toufimg Parts of every remarkable new Book fublilbed in this Gty, we Jball give them the following Dijjertation upon Sleep, from- + Treatife on Opium, lately fuhlijbcd, SECTION U. Of the Effects */SLEEP. rOST of the effect of o,. pium may, for oaght we know, depend on its fo- porifick quality: I fuf- peep as when awake 5 nay, probably, *«tter, on account of the other excretion* too** then teflened. That deep occs- ankle, if the patient walk too foon, or too muck, that exercife will infallibly bring on a fwelling, by propelling the" fluids through thofe weak fibres with more force than they are able to btarv Many by this means lofe their Jeg at laft, Ppa Q* t rf wfi. J<rj<u r.<usc.a. i^Jzed

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3oo Of the ErrfCTs of SLEEP. July On the othe r hand, if the fwelling is are fuddenly waked 5 bot when we ar» H fymptom of a chlorons, fcurvy, or more gradually disturbed, they are not even a dropfy, a little exercife will often fo foon remdved. When we fluke of? Abate the fwelling a.nd ftiffnefs of the legs drowfinefs in a morning, it it as if wo by propelling the inert and half stagnating were throwing away fo many weights . blood through its' veflete. The patient and incumbrances. From thefe phieno^ £nds his legs left ft iff after a (hort walk, men a, it mould feem, that our bodies are therefore he concludes, that the more A not only more plethorick, but even more he walks, the better 5 bj which miftake, obftru&ed in our fleep, than while a* be continues his exercife till the weak wake. When we are half afletp, we Abres, by being overtrained, lofe their feel ourfelves inert; but when we aro font, and the fwelling is thereby much quite awake, there is an activity in every increafed t So that exercife, according flbre. as it is ufed in a greater or lefs degree, ' Another effect of fleep is, that it pro- abates or increafes this fwelling. motes heat throughout the whole body; It is not improbable, that alternate red _ Look at a Sleeping infant, and you will and exercife, which fo remarkably au'g- ** fee the complexion remarkably florid, and ment or diminim our vertebral carriages, the (kin Ux\$ hot, or elfe is moift with snay, in the fame manner, have much fweat; and it is defervedly reckoned influence on our growth and ftrengtb j a great defect of the vis vita, or natural and that fleep, by the rcmora and accu-> ferment of the blood, if our feet continue tnulation of our juices, contributes to cold all night. nutrition t Whereas exercife may propel I think heaick fits, furfden rarefactions and evacuate* what is ufelefs or fu per fluous, of the blood, (efpecially in weak and and thereby make room for what further Qwatry conftituttona) colliquative fweat* accumulation may be neceflary. in a confumption, cramps, the night-' Hence we fee, that catens paribus, la- mare", aflhmatick fits, venereal, p leu ri tick, pouring people, efpecially at fea, grow and even labour pains, are, t*ttris f*rt* fader and Aronger than others, who bus, more increafed after deep. I had once have no exercife* The latter may be- a fpitting of blood' that feized me every oomefat, but they do not ajow firm and night in my fleep, with an heat ove* itrong. the whole body. This obliged me at Again, we fee all the fymptoms of a jJaft to fit up in a chair all night, to keep plethora are consequent to a found fleep* ** iriyfelf cool. WhUft awake, fwas never viz. A perfon who has flept too lbog, troubled with this haemorrhage. <- awakes with his eyes fwelled and watery; If one fleeps after dinner, a gtjowine; if the eyes were tender before, the eye- heat diffufes itfWf throughout the wfcotf lids are glewed together j if he is under body. This practice is therefore of ufo a falivation, or at the acme, of the (mall- to aged and cold eonftitutsons*, by pro* pox, the faliva becomes thicker, and the moting the natural ferment of their Chops are more fwelled. Hence Syden- blood : For the ft me reafon «t does ham ham obferved, that opium raife4 and £ in full haWts and hot conftittttion*. f Itept up the fwelling of the face in the Upon fleeptng after dinner, f • grow Anall-pox. hot and high coloured, and my fee* ap- If deep gives a remarkable remora to pears fwelled. HI am foon awaked, our ferous excretions, it is not ftjange \ feel a confufion attended with a fen~ that the faliva mould grow thick and fation.of a fevertfh kind j but if I have- swell the glands ; and perhaps this retnpra not been difturbed too foon, I awake* in fo many glands and excretory duels,-, eafy, without confufion, and in-* breath-" contributes to an universal diftention and _ ing fweat, as if my dinner and fleep bad- plethora. ■ ■ * brought on a fhorc fever, ending III* this? If one is nmlch difpofed to go to (tool moderate critical, discharge: If 1 am over night, he can eafily put it off till- roufed out of myfirft fleep after a full next morning, provided he can but da- (upper, I feel my (kin* hot and dry, anxt lay it till he faHs afleep ; for then he is my head confufed. *' infenfible of the ftimuius, and in the I know, that as I am a valetudinarian, mean time the frees, by reft, are thick- m/ patients are fometime* apetfehe*fi*o ened and rendered lefs Simulating, at Icaft that I may catch- cold f n the - night aw'; tHI they become either very bard, or are Q but at that time my blood is raretied, I much accumulated. , ., . an* hot and dny, and catch no cdW daringf juft at the time of falling afleep, we that ftate.- But; if lam called out early iaf feel a ftupor or heavinefs over4 all* the a morning, when the preceding fceat has* body. We have a feeling as if the parte raifeda fweat, I am vwy MaW* t& catessj were crammed and comprelfed. All theft cold. When I hate not eateirrful) flip* ftnCiuons go immediately off when v» »-••'•• ■.«**• - - •* Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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Mr, } am not (b hot an the night, and proper food and a good digeftioh wool* jWeat lef* the next morning. fupply fofficieht materials to recruit the This heat upon IJeeping immediately fpirits 5 but experience fliewi, that fleep after caring, may be afcribed by feme to ia alfo indifpenfably neceffary. the new chyle getting into the blood j It feeme requisite in carrying on the yet if that wae the caufe, a noil would concoction and feoretion of all the animal nod bimfelf equally as not upon uflng humours, and perhaps the fpiritt are alfo gentle excrcifc in t he "houfe after dinnei, ^ generated or perfected by fleep. It it which is not agreeable to experience. But very certain, that without fleep life can- if the accumulation of our juices in the not long be fop ported t We have no foe- vertebral cartilages be as fenublc after fleep, cedaneum to fupply its place. When it, Or reft, or a good dinner, as the experi- ftkiig us, we have no better refource than roents of Mr. Waffe and M. de Fontenu to endeavour, by all proper methods, to feem to evince, I would extend my theory reftore and promote it $ and there are Hill further, and fuppofc that a like ac- many things conducive to this end. • cumulation happens in moft of the. glands a full meal will often make us fleepy, and capillary veiTels j which, like other O and that immediately after eating : \ Infarctions, will uroduce the heat, drought, found but plethorick conftitution dif- and heavinefs which we ufually experience pofes to fleep : Silence and repofe, with after a full meal. a freedom /rom every fenfation of fti-i It is as certain on the other hand, that mulus, are no lefs effectual in produ- (leeping with an empty ftomach warms cing it. rnuch lefs than after a full meal j there- Moderate fatigue waftes thofe fluids fore all who complain of being too. hot which reft and fleep reftore 5 fo that ex- in the night mould go fupperlefs to bed. Q ercife is a predifpofing caufe of fleep, ia That fleep has different effects, ac- like manner as faffing gives an appetite cording as it happens upon a full or an and requires a recruit of food, empty ftomach, is beyond difpute $ but In order to know what hinders fleepf if any one doubts it, let him look at we need but invert the caufes that pro- the face of a drunken man while he is mote it: Thus for inftance, as a full fop- asleep. Lommius has obferved, naum eft, per promotes it, fafting will prevent it 3 fomno jejunum* corpus confuqn. And Hip- and fo of tne reft, pocrates has remarked the fame thing, Sleep is like wife impeded by every kind fomiti jtjumr* ctttnuanu bwmdum fucd laeji D of ftimulus of the fenfes, or of the mind ; fvacuonus. If, by way of cqnjeaure, I i. e, whatever affects the mind either with m*y comment upon this pauagc, I would pain or plea Cure. A paucity of good fay, that from the time our food is fwal- juices have the fame effect 1 And the* lowed, a procefs begins gradually to moderate fatigue difpofes to fleep, yet, Change it into chyle, then into blood, when exceffive, * it often raifes a fever, then to make it fit for fecretion, for mi- attended with watchfulnefs. But all thefe trition, arid all the purpofes of the ma- rules are general, and muft be liable to chine. After this is done the fame pro- £ many exceptions, from a variety of cir- cefs goes on, tho* we receive no new eumftances that will frequently occur, touriihmeot, tha body muft be gradually particularly of thofe of different ages drained by the ufaal excretions, &c. but and conftitutions. And this laft rcflec- without that kind of ferment, which new tion (tho* too little attended to by moft chyle always occafioni more or left, when practical writers) is in no wife confined to it enters the .olpod j i. e, the animal pro- the prefent cafe, it is no lefs applicable cefs, by fleep concocts and perfects all to every branch of practice ; for we are our juices j after which, if there is no „ too much accuftomed to prefcribe by ge- frefh fupply, the fame procefs waftes, * neral rules, whereas general rules alone, diflblves, and renders them ufelefs. There- can never be of much ufe in a fcience that fore fteep-- both Waftes and repairs 'the is chiefly made up of exceptions from body. them. * I need not mention what comfort a I (hall now fum up in a few words found fleep affords to the wearied, and the effects of fleep. In our fleep we are^ iho(c whofe fpirits are cxhaufted j and infenflble of a moderate ftimulus, there- riow much they are invigorated and en- fore thofe fecretions and excretions which jiventd thereby. Every body knows, G are promoted by any natural ftimulus that steep is f» neceflary in fudi cafes, whilft, we are awake, are retarded in our that we cannot be without it 5 nay, tha* deep. we cannot fuppTy its defect hy the beft ' Moft of the ferous humours grow thick ^ouriflu&ent or cordials, or by any de- if they ftagnate, or lie long upon the greet of reft either pf body or mind : All part*, after their excretion: Thus we ^e inefficient* One fhou^d th^nk^ that *. find, a Digitized by VjOOQIC

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2p& fbt Jewish JOURNAL.' Jutjr fnd, that the faliva and mucus of the together with the reftory of the rabbi in Dofe, mouth, and fauces, are found more the diocefe of Litchfield, vifcid immediately after fleep than before Lift week twenty-five children were it 5 and that after we have been fome publickly circumcifed at the lying-in hof- time awake, tbefe liquors become loofe pital in Brownlow-dreet. and are eafily discharged. The fame day John HartweB, (hoe- In fleep the body is extended, the hu- maker, -was whipped round Duke's Place, moors are accumulated and rarefied, (b ^ for fpeaking in difrefpecrful terms of the as to occafion a kind of plethora. Hence coming of the Mefliah. a recruit of fpirits, and an increafe of On Toefday lad was held a court of strength towards the morning, which aJderineii, when it was^maniinouAy voted, we begin to be fenfible of even in our that the name of liveries, which was here- fleep, by our being engaged in pleafant tofore made ufe of in the city of London, doc-ims. ftould for the time to come be obliterated. All the fymptoms of a plethora are ife- and that the (aid liveries be called tribes creafed by fleep. Hence we may ck- for the tutuse. five the night-mare, cramps, or fpafms, B We are aUb informed, that the datue {larting fuddenly out of our deep in mod ,of Sir John Barnard, formerly father of of the inflammatory difeafes^n the meafles, this city, and a drenuous aflerter of chrif- fmall-pox, and rheumatick fevers : nay, tianity, is ordered to be taken down, and sfthmatick fits, pleuritick, venereal, and that of Pontius Pilate to be put up in his «ven labour-pains are often exafperated room. fcy fleep. An haemoptoe comes oftener Lad night the bill for naturalizing chrif- in .the morning than at any other time of tians was thrown out of the fanhedrim by the day $ and die darting of an amputa- q a very great majority, ted (tump is fo remarkably the eifect. of Ycderday was launched at Woolwich fleep, that the patients are afraid to com- the Benjamin Salvadore, being the Urged Bofe themfelvcs to refl, led they burdthe (hip ever built at that place, and (he is Jied veflels. Thefe are all indications of immediately to •befitted out for the Medi- - fulnefs brought on by deep. terranean, end it is faid, the board of ad- miralty have given the command of her to . Trm the C* a f t s m a k, July H* rear admiral SuafTo. This day was repuMimed Chridianity Ntvfs for #jm hundred Yean tenet in the D not founded upon argument, and we hear, Hsbrkw Journal, */ stotheritj. that a datue is to be erected m Wefttnitt- . _^» ^er *W>cy to the memory of die author. Stmt wr la/l arrived a Mail/run JeruTalem. j^ weck wat brought up to Newgate, TH E middle arch of the temple under a dreng guard, George Briton, the which has been rebuilding for fome outlawed fmuggler, whe was taken on fime pad, funk ten feet, a few days the coadof SuSexin the very fadof run* fince j and we hear, that there is now nine pork into this kingdont, pn defiance five and twenty ton weight laid upon it : £ of the many penal fews enacted to prohi- And it is further (aid, there will be a bit the fame. lottery for half a million in Great Britain At two o*4oc* this morning died at (or Judaea Nova) for the more vigorous his house in Grofwmor-fejuare, the right execution of this grand defign, and Mr. Hon. the earl of Balaam, baron of Zimri, Jacob Zerobabel is fct out for the Britifli and knight of the mod noble order of court, with proper inftru&ions how to Melchizedeck^ He (ueoeerted his father aft in this affair. in edate ami title in the year ifai } went Yederday morning lord Jacob de Paiba twice lord lieutenant to Ireland ; was fet out for his houre at Sion houfe, with a P plenipotentiary at the dates of Holland grand retinue, attended by feveral of the during the late war againft the ehridian nobility and gentry j and we hear £hat his league, called the Jewifade, and has fince Jordfhip intends continuing in the country (erved as principal fecretary of date. He- ro celebrate the paflbver. was marriad to Mift Bathiheba, by whom On Wednesday lad died, at his grace he had iflue five children, lord Zimri, now the duke of Hebron's, in Berkfliire, Sir ear) of Balaam, being the only one living. Nadab Jflachar, attorney general. He His lord (hip's remains are to" be interred was edeemed a found lawyer, an abk/3 in Weflminder abbey j and we hear he politician, and a friend to the fanhedrim t has left antedate of one hundred thoufanj) He is to be fucceeded in his office by pounds per annum. Mofes de Coda, Efoj of Lincoln** Inn. On Wedncfday lad 17 malefactors wero On Monday lad a difpenfation pau~e4 crucified at Tyburn, purfuarit to their the great feal to enable Abraham Levy- fcnteccc, among whom Were Bryan Mac- ao hold a tyring jn the fynagogue of Paul's,' '* ma*«s~ Digitized by UOOQ IC

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*753- tttLiricf BEN JOHNSON. Spa manus and Tbady O Sullivan, born of Wekoknpontbe foregoing to be alow face honed parents in the kingdom of Ireland, ofburlefque, and not quite free from proftnenefi, where they were unhappily educated in All the ufe our inserting it can be of, it to* the errors of the chriftian religion, to Jbew with what fpirit feme tbingt may be tp~ which they were bigotted to the laft, and pofed, which indeed ought to be oppojed j but ehofe to lay down their lives rather than then itjhouldbe done only in afober and manly be curtailed of the honour of their an- way. For tho9 we ought not by too great an ceftors by the alt of circumcifion.. £ indulgence to encourage any Jet of nun in their This morning early ths Hon.. Mender unbtUef, yet thus to lampoon them may onlp Cidion, Efqj let out from his boufe in tend to harden them, and ir far from being Arlington-ftreet for Scarborough, lor the agreeable to the truejpirit of cbriftianity. recovery of his health. • . . Wecanaflurethepublick,, that the re- Tho Lit* of BEN JOHNSON; port fo induftrioufly fpread by the Oa- with bit. H*a.d neatly engraved. Meant, of the chriftians riling in North- Wales, is entirely without foundation. « T> E N Johnfon, one of the baft dnu Laft Thurfday being the day appointed B JD matick poets of the 17th century,. By the great Sanhadrim, for commemo- f*y$ Mr. Cibber, was difcended from a rating the expultion of the chriftians out Scots family, his grandfather, who was of Great Britain, Sir Gabriel Lombrofo, * gentleman, being originally of Annan- knt. lord mayor of the city of London, dale in that kingdom, whence he removed .went to the fynagogue of Paul'*, and 50 Carlifld* and afterwards was employed heard an excellent fermon preached upon Hi the fervice of K. Henry VIII. Hit the occafion, by Mr. Alvaringo, of tbt father loft his eftate in Q^ Mary's reign, £eet of the Pharifees. C ^ben he alfo fuffered imprifonment, and Monday laft his grace the duke of Sa- at 1*« he entered into- holy orders, and maria took the diverfion of hunting in died about a momfobefope our poet's birth, Richmond park. who was* born at Weftminfter, in 1574, We bear from Scotland, that feveral He had his ftrft education in a private Highlanders in the neighbourhood of A- fchool, in the church of St. Martin's in the berdeen aflembled, in order to pra&ife Fields, and was afterwards removed to the fuperftition of the Galileans ; but a Weftminfter-fchool, where the famous party of foldiers being detached from the r\ Camden was then matter. His mother next fort, they were prevented from pro- having married a bricklayer to her fecond* cecding, by, being all (hot dead on the fpot. hufband, took him from fchool, and obliged —We hope this wholefome correction will I""1 *° wol"k at his father-in-law's trade 5. geter thofe bigotted people from attempt- but not at all liking that employment, he tng any violations of the law for the future. Wcnt into th« Low-countries, where ho Laft Sunday an order came from the diftinguilhed himfelf by his bravery, hav- lord c — b— n's office to the managers of mS killed an enemy in the view of the both theatres; forbidding them, under army, and ftrippedhim of all hisfpoil. the Jevereft penalties, to exhibit a certain £ On his return to England, he again> fcandabus piece, highly injurious to our applied himfelf to his former ftudies, prefent happy eftablifhment, entitled, The an<l ***» admitted intoSt. John's college. Merchant of Venice. Cambridge, tho* he feems not to have A OVERT ISEMENT continued long there. Some time after Tithe Gentlemen, Rabbin*, and Freeholders J**? **}?„$? n;U^rtl,neKto. **** • 'r^cJ^t rJ^L ertu"uurt duel, and kill hi* adverfary, having only of tbeVotmty of Canaan. received a flight wound in the arm. For There being a vacancy in the great fan- » this he was committed to prifon, and caifc bedrim, by the death of your late worthy for his life, and was almoft at the point rstprefentative, Judas Fonieca, Efq 5 1 beg of execution* His antagonift, he faidr leave to offer myfelf a candidate at the had a fword ten inches longer than hi* next enfuing election, and intreat the own. favour of your votes and intereft, afluring "Whilft he was in prifon he was vifited- you, that if I am fo happy as to be re- by a popifta prieft, who finding his in- turned, I /hall take every opportunity of clination quite difengaged as to religion, manrfefting the fincereft attachment to took an opportunity to imprefs him witlr the caufe of lirael, the warmeft teal for G the belief of the pophh tenets. Hismindf' the intereft of the whole Jewifli people, then naturally malanoholy, clouded with and a particular attention to the rights and the apprehenfiooVand the dread of execu- jjrivileges of the county of Canaan. I am, tion, was die moire eafilv impofed upon. Gentlemen, However, for 1* years after he had gained Your devoted humble femnt, big liberty he oonttnnajd a pajuft, and CamaUel Rubtnt Schlock. %. ' 4b*w* Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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304 "*& L'fE of BEN JOHNSON. July then turned protectant, whether from fanation of fcripture in his #ays. H0 convi&iOn oc famion cannot be deter- died on Aug. 16, 1637, in cne 6ad yeaf I j but when his character is con- of his age, and was Interred three days idered, probability will be on the fide after in Wcftminfler abbey, where his of the latter, for he took every occaf:on buft is now to oe feen, with this in- to ridtetlle religion in his piays and con- fcription nndcr it, 0 rars Bat Jcknfcnl variation. On his leaving the university, which may pofllbly fuggeft the eftceni lie entered buniejf into an obfeure play- ^ many great men had for him, or th$ kouae> called the Green -cumin, feme- high opinion he was known to have of where about Shorcditch or Clerkenwell. himfelf. He had feveral children who He was firft an actor, and probably only survived htm. a ftrolling one. Shakefpear is faid to have He wrote above 50 pieces in the drt- firft introduced him to the world, bv re- matick way. His Alchymiit, his Vol. commending a play of his to the ftage, pone or the Fox, and his Silent Woman; at the tkne when one of the players bad nave been performed to many croudea rejected his performance, and told hhn audiences, with univerfcl applaufe. It wookl be of no fervice to their com» B Dr. Drummond (fays Mr. Cibber) hat may. His firft printed dramatick per- reprefented the character of our authef jormance was a comedy, entitled, Ever/ in a very dlfadvantageous, tho* perhap* Man in his Humour, acted in ij.98, not In a very unjuft light, that he was a which being (bbn followed by/everal o- great lover and praifer of himfelf, a con- thers, as his Scjanus, his Volpone, hit temner and fcorner of others, rather Silent Woman, and his Alchymift, gain- chuflng to lofe a friend than a jeft— be ed him fo high a reputation, that in 16 19, thought nothing right but what either Upon the death of Mr. Samuel Daniel, he Q himfelf or fome of his friends had faid 0? was made poet laoreat to king James I, done—. He once incurred his roajefty's difplea- Mr. Pope remarks, that when Beft lure, for being concerned with Chapman got pofleflion of the ftage, he brought crt- and Marfton in writing a play, called tical learning into vogue. Mr. SeJden Eaftward-Hoo, wherein they were ac ftUes Johnfon his beloved friend, and a cufedof having refleacd on the Scotch Angular poet, and extols his fpecial worth nation, their fovereign's native country, in literature, and his accurate judgment. and from whence he was but lately come. n Mr. Dryden gives him the title of the Sir James Murray reprefented it to the D greateft man of the laft age, and ob- kmg, who ordered them to be imprifoned, fcrves, that if we look upon him, when He and they were in great danger of lofing was himfelf (for his tart plays were but their ears and nofes, as a punimment of his dotages) he was the moil learned and their miblcace. Upon their retesfement judicious writer any theatre ever had $ from prifon, Ben gave an entertainment that he was a moft fevcre judge of hinv- to hit friends, among whom were Cam- felf as well as others ; that we cannot fay den and Selden 5 when his aged mother he wanted wit, but rather that he was drank to him, and mewed him a paper of £ frugal of it ; that in his works there is notion, which me had defigned, if the little to be retrenched or altered $ but that sentence had been executed, to have mixed humour was his chief province. with his drink, after we had firft taken a He is allowed, fays Mr. Cibber, to have potion of it herfelf. been a fcholor, and to have tmderftood Upon the aeceffion of Charles. I. he and practifed the dramatick rotes, bat wrote a petition to him, praying, that Dryden proves him to have been Ukewife as bis royal father had allowed him an an unbounded plagiary. Humour was ' annual penfion of too marks, he would his talent. We cannot better conclude make them pounds. In 1629 Ben fell F his character as a poet, than in the ner- fick, and was then poor, and lodged in vous lines of the prologue to one of Shake*- fome obfeure alley ; his majefty was ap- fpear's plays, which, after having /hewn plied to in hit savour, and fent him 10 Shakcfpear's boundlefs genius, proceeds guineas : When the meffenger delivered thus t the money, Ben took it in his band, and Aid, « His majefty has fent me 10 guineas, Then Tohnibn came inftructed from the - hecaufe I am poor, and live in an alley $ fcfiool, go and tell him that his fool lives in an To plcafe by method, and invent by rule, alley." G His ftudious patience, and laborious art* He had a penfion from, the city of With regular approach aflayM the heart : lotWkm, from feveral of the nobility an<j Cold approbation gave the lingring bays,- gentry, and particalarly from Mr. Sutton, Foe they who durfl act cenAire, (caret the founder of the Chartar-houie. In nit could praife* laft fickaeft he often repented of the pro- JOUR, Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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1753- *°$ JOURNAL of the Proceedings and Debates in the Political Club, continued from p. 266. them to become purchafers of land jfer the Debate begun in your laft, the eftates. From all histories we may next that /poke <was C. Numifius, learn, that perfecution on one fide, the Purport of<who/e Speech was as begets obftinacy on the other ; and follows, from late experience we may be cpn- •m* p r, vinced, that a general indulgence Mr, trejtdentt ^ promotes a free inquiry, and prepares S I R9 the way for reafon and found argu- ALTHOUGH it is not very ment, which will always at laft pre- nfual or proper to take vail, when the Humbling- blocks of notice in this houfe of what paflion and prejudice are removed* pffed in the other, yet the Hon. Befides this, Sir, there is a fafhion gentleman who fpoke lad obliges in religion as well as in every thing me to take notice cf it fo far as to B elfe : it is unfafhionable to be of a obferve, to the honour of the reve- religion different from that efta- rend bench, that the bill now before blifhtd in the country in which we us wasoppofed by very few of them. live; and even in this country On the contrary, it was ftrenuoufly there are many advantages attend- fupported by fome of them, which ing a man's being of the eftablifhed fhews, that our prefent fet of bi- religion ; for unlefs he is, he can fhops have thrown off thofe old pre- C neither be a magiflrate of any city judices, and that perfecuting fpirit^ or borough, nor can he hold any which has for Jo many ages been the office of honour or profit under our bane of Chrktianity ; and that they government. And as I am fully have embraced thofe truly chriftian convinced, that reafon and folid ar- principles, which fo ftrongly incul- gument are of the fide of our efta- cate humility, meeknefs and charity, blifhtd religion, I am therefore of and teach us to love even our ene- D opinion, that as foon as we have inies. But, Sir, it was not only from fc removed paflion and prejudice by the fundamental principles of Chrif- indulgence, reafon and folid argu- tianity that they fupported this bill, ment, with the affiftance of fafhion, for in duty to their religion they and the advantages to be acquired were bound to fupport, and to con- by yielding to them, will at lait pre- tribute as much as in them lay to- vail ; and that the fon or grand fon wards its being pafTed into a law, E of every Jew who becomes a land- becaufe it will tend towards the pro- holder, if not the purchafer him- pagationof the religion they pro fefs, felf, will embrace Chriftianity, and and becaufe it will prevent the pro- declare himfelf of the religion efta- fanation of one of the tnoft facred blifhed by law. In this opinion, and folemn myfteries of our holy re- Sir, I am confirmed by the example ligion. of' what has pafTed in Ireland ; for As to the propagation of the chrif- F moil of the landholders in that king- txan religion, Sir, I do not think dom are now become ProtelUnts. there is any thing that will contri- The farmers indeed and cottagers, bute more towards the converfion at leaft fuch as are originally Jriih, of the Jews than that* of freeing and too many of the tra^efmen in them from all manner of perfecution, their cities and villages, continue and empowering, and even inviting dill to be Papifts, but mod of the R N— — . G landholders have now, thank God! July, I7S3- . ! Q^q aban^ Digitized by VjO'OQIC

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go6 Proceedings of the Political Club, &c. July abandoned that fuperftitious religion; order to their being naturalized ; and 1 do not at all wonder at it ; and indeed I do not fee how any for it is fo much in the nature of clergyman of our eftablifoed church mankind, whether Chriftian, Jew, can fafely refufe admimftnng the or Gentile, after they become pof- facrament to any man who requires feffed of opulent land eftates, to aim it, if he profeffes himfelf of the at honours and preferments, and to A church of England, and cannot be hate being out of fafhion, that no- accufed of having been guilty of thing can prevent their complying any heinous offence ; for even s with this human paffion, but a fuper- reputed Jew may have privately re- ftitious bigotry, founded upon igno- ceived baptifm and confirmation, ranee, and raifed to the fummit of without its being known to the clergy- enthufiaftick madnefs by perfecu- man from whom he requires the fa- jjon, B crament ; and it is now, I think, Now, Sir, with regard to the pro- admitted, that a clergyman is liable fanation of one of the moft facred toanattion, if he refufe* admmiftnng myfteries of our religion: By the the facrament without juftcaufe, and law, as it now (lands, no Jew- can the perfon requiring it fuffers damage be naturalized, without firft receiv- by fuch refutal. ing the facrament of the Lord's- I have likewife (hewn, I hope, Supper according to the rites and C Sir, that the paffing of this bill into ceremonies of the church of England, a law may. contribute towards the or in Tome proteftant church or cha- propagation of our religion, by con- pel : Would it not be a moft abo- verting many of the richeft Jew ta- minable profanation of this holy milies, which would of courfe pro- myftery to admit any Jew, ftill con- duce the converfion of many of the tinuing in his heart a Jew, to be a poor ; and it can be of no dangerous partaker in this my fiery ? In the D confequence to our religion ; f or I Jew himfelf, indeed, it would be no never heard that the Jews bufied profanation, becaufe he did not be- themfelves in making converts either lieve there was any thing religious in this country or any other, and, or facred in the ceremony ; but in I .believe, we have no reafoirto ap- Chriftians, who lay him under the prehehd that any Englifhman will neceflity to do fo, it is a profana- Submit to be circumcifed, or fwcar tion, and in my opinion a very hei- E never to tafle a Yorkfhire ham, or a nous offence againft the religion we bit of good pork or bacon. Thtre- profefs. To avoid this for the fu- fore this bill is fo far from being ture was I am puriuaded, a pre- inconfiftent with the prophecies re- vailing argument with the reverend lating to the Jews, that m my opi- bench in the other houfe, and, I nion it has a tendency towards the think, it ought to be a prevailing completion of them : I hope the argument in favour of the bill with F time is now come, or near coming, every true Chriftian in this. when the times of the Gentiles are Thus, Sir, I hope I have (hewn, to be fulfilled, and not only the Jews that what is propofed by this bill is but all the Gentiles converted to the fo far from being inconfiftent with chriftian faith ; for tho' no one.can our religion, tint it h abfolutely necef- with any certainty point out the fary for preventing a very greatabufe, ways of Providence, yet fr°m *** and an abufe that has actually beenQ perience we may fee, that universal praclifed, if I am rightly informed j charity and indulgence, which *fe for I have been told that in king fo pathetically recommended by*V* William's time, there were fome chriftian religion, is the moft efi*€- Tews who a&ually complied with the tual method for inducing all men hw, by receiving the facrament, in *°

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ij53* Paociidikgs of the Political Club; C&. 30? te fubmit co reaibn and che true prin- were liable to aliens durv, and an dplesof the diriftian religion, as now a&ion was brought againft fome of profefled in this kingdom. them for no lefs a Aim than 58,0001. But it is not only to our religion, for goods they had imported and ex- Sir, that this bill, if pafled into a ported during the year 1 689, which law, may be of advantage ; for it. mews how much the few Jews we will, likewife, be of great ad van- A had then amongft us contributed to tage to the ftate, and to the nation the increafe of our trade and com- and people in general. The Jews, merce j for we cannot reckon the Sir, by their knowledge in trade, value of the goods imported and ex- and their correfpondence over the ported by them within that time, at whole known world, have been of lefs than double the fum laid in the great fervice in all countries where information brought againft them, they have been encouraged to fettle. B And £ nee the revolution we all know They contributed greatly towards how ufeful they have been, both by the eftabliQiment of the Dutch trade exporting our manufactures, and by and commerce in the infancy of that fupplying our government with large wife republick ; and it wis they fums of money for carrying on the chiefly that railed the city of Am- expenfive wars, we have been necef- fterdam to that height of fplendor (arily engaged in. and riches, at which it is now arrived. C From what is paft, therefore, Sir, On the other hand, we know, that we may judge with fome certainty of Spain and Portugal have been in what is to come, and, consequently, fome meafure ruined by baniihing of what will be the effect of the bill them their country ; for neither of now before us, if pafled into a law. thefe kingdoms have now any trade In my opinion, it will bring rich intf to their own colonies, and even Jews from all parts of the world to 4 great part of that is carried on D fettle amongft us, which, befides in- by foreigners under the borrowed creating our trade, will be of great names of Spaniards or Portuguefe. ufe to the date, whether we conti- But, Sir, we need not go beyond nue in peace, or be again involved fea to look for the advantage a na- in war. If we continue in peace, tion may reap from having the Jews fuch an acceflion of wealth will re* fettled in it ; for ever fwee they duce the intereft payable upon our were re-admitted into this country, E publick funds below what it is to be they have been in many refpe&s by the laws now in being, at the ufeful to us. In the reign of king fame time that the consumption of Qharles II. when they began again thefe new families will increafe the to fettle in this country, they con- produce of the taxes appropriated cributed greatly to increafe our ex- to the payment of thefe funds ; and ports ; though but a few of them if we mould be unhappily engaged were in that reign admitted by let- F in a new war, this bill will then ap- tcis of denization, from the king, pear to be not only ufeful but necef- with a no* ob ft ante claufe in each for iary ; for as we can carry cm no war freeing them from the payment of without borrowing money yearly, the aliens duty ; yet before the re- we mult find lenders as well as funds, Yolution they began to have a large and this bill will furnilh us with a concern in our foreign trade. Of number of perfons who have money thus we have an inconteftable proof G to lend, and at the fame time en- qpon record ; for thefe non obftantt courage and enable them to come Ciaufes being at the revolution deemed and fpend the yearly intereft of their and declared to be illegal, a queftion money amongll us. That this bill a/ofc, whether thefe Jew denizens will be of advantage to the (late is, (^q 2 therefore, Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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ge8 PnocEii>reG* if tbi Politic At Club, 6te July therefore, evident ; and it is as evi- with, and for many of whom I have dent, I think, that it will be of ad- a particular efleem ; but whiHl I vantage to our landholders, by raif- have the honour of a feat in thhv ing the price of lands over .the houfe, no perfonai friendships or con- whole kingdom, which will of ne&ions (hall induce me to keep &- eourfe occifton their improvement ; lence, when I fee any thing brought for if a landholder, by laying out A into this houfe, which, I think, wilt 1000I. upon improving his eftate, be not onry injurious but difhonour- can add 50I. a year to* his income, able to my country. If this bill and cannot add above 30I. a year by had been general : If k had been * laying out the fame fum of money bill to open a way for the natnraK- upon a new purchafer he will cer- zation of all Mahometans, and Pa- tainly improve rather than purchafe ; gans, as well as Jews, 1 mould more and the improvement is not only an B readily have agreed to it, becaufe it advantage to the nation in general, would not have brought men a re* but furnjihes employment for num- flection upon us -as Chr iftians : Snch . bers of our iaborioos poor, neither a general bill, like the late bill for a of which is the confequence of a general naturalization of all foreign man's making a new purchafe. Proteftants might have been deemed Then with regard to our farmers, to proceed, as that bill did* from the acceflion of a number of rich C fome miftaken maxim in politicks r families will of courfe procure then* but to give a particular invitation to* a better market for the-produce of the Jews, really feems as if we con- their farms; and our manufacturers-; temned, and "were refolved to aban- of all kinds will reap an advantage don, the religion we now profeft* not only by the increafe of the con--' The Jew?, Sir; are, and always have fumption of their manufaclures at been, the moil profefled enemies tov home, but alfo by the increafe ofD Chriftianity, and the greateft revilera their exportation abroad. In Qiort; of Chrift himfelf : They are the ofP- Sir, 1 know no let of men in thev fpring of thofe that crucified oar kingdom that will not be benefited' Saviour, and to this day labour un~ by this b.ll, except thofe merchants dtr the curfe pronounced againft' and fhopkeepers who love to deal them upon that account. I know,- at an extravagant profit ; but fuch Sir, that, as a Chriftian, 1 am obliged men, furely, deferve no encourage- E to love my enemy ; but whilft he went, much lefs any privilege from, continues to be fo, no- precept of the publick. Chriftianity injoins me to take him Thus, Sir, if we regard our kite- under my roof, much lefs to pot him- reft either in this world or that in away of making himfelr matter which is to come, we muft, 1 think, both of me and my roof; and hoir be for paffing this bill into a law ^ the Hon. gentleman who fpoke kftr and, therefore, I (hall be for its be- p could imagine, that the poffeflion of iog committed. a land eflate mould have an influence upon a man's religious principles, I Ibt next Speahr <was M. Valerius- cannot comprehend. K any Jew* Corvur, wbcfe S p$tcb was to this (hould be fo loofe as to all principle* Ejf<&. of religion, as to abjure the religion* n, » cj °* ms anceftors for the fake of be- Mr. Frejident, Q jng {n tfac fe(hion . QJ {ot ihc fcfc0 <# SIR, ^ acquiring any honour or preferment, I AM forry I mould find myfelf furely his defire of poflefiing a land under a necef!ky to fpeak againft eflate will be an additional motive thofc I have long lived and converted for this declaring himfelf ChriliNanr $_J_B — -^. whe* Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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*753- PRtfCBiDWGS'*/ the Paiirickt Cljt*1 6?£ 309* when he finds he cannot otherwife ry muft miftaken, if he fappofar acquire fach a pofleffion. that oar giving them a fixt habitati- But, Sir, if Jews fhould come to on in this country before their con* be poflefTed of a great ihare of the verfion, can any way tend towards m land cftates of this kingdom, how completion of the chriftian prophecy are we fore that Chriftianity will relating to them, continue to be the ralhionabte religi- A I hope, Sir, I have now fliewn, on, or that the profeJfion of it will that our paffin? this bill into a lav • continue neceflary for qualifying a can noway tend towards the certver- man for any honour or preferment, fion of the Jews, but will on thp To me it really teems at prefent to contrary' render them more obdurate * be the faihson for a man to declare and to pretend that we ought to pala- himfelf of no religion ; and if our it, in order to prerent a profanation i fafhionable gentlemen mould at laft B of the facrament of the Lord's Sup- fix upon any particular religion, the per, is an argument that goes a great Jewifh may, perhaps, ftand as good ' deal too far ; for it would equally: a chance as any other ; for faihion, hold good for repealing that law, hp we know, depends upon nothing but- jvhich all officers, civil or military, whim ; and if the Jews mould be- are obliged to receive that facrament: come our chief landholders, they within three months after their ad- will, probably, be the leaders of C mittance ; for a place of great pro-i our whim. As landholders they will fit and truft under the government &* have the chufing of moil of the furely as great a temptation to a Jem members of this houfe, and may born here, as a naturalization can bo themfelves be chofen ; and. then to to a Jew born abroad. Yet if any% intitle themfelves to pofts and prefer** Jew mould by artifice get the facrsu nents, they have nothing to do but ment adminiftred to him, in order to join with the other diffenters in D to intitle himfctf to fome office or getting the tell aft, and all the employment, 1 believe no man will' other Taws for fecuring our eflablifh- fcy, that the guilt of fiich a profa- ed church, repealed. Whatever nation lay at the door of thofe who> fbme gentlemen may think, if we refufed to confent to the repeal of confider their numbers, and the vaft that law. But, I believe, we need cftates they have acquired in this not give onrfelves any concern about kingdom within thefe Jaft 50 or 60 E th*9 queftkm ; for whatever danger years, this will appear to be no chi- a clergyman may expofe htmfelf to> merkal appreheofion ; and their by retuling to adminifter the facra- having thus" a view to get pofleffioa. ment, I am pernaded, no one would of the whole strength imd power of adminifter it to a reputed Jew, with- this nation will rather confirm them out a fufficseat teftimony of his hav- in their obftmacy than induce them, ing regularly embraced the chriftian to turn Chriftian, .becaufe they will p faith, not privately, bnt, according look upon it as a preparatory ftep to cuftom, before a multitude of wit- made by Providence, which is to be nefles. followed by their expefted Meffiah : . Having now anfwered all the ar- But in this view they will certainly go men » which the Hon. gentleman be {ome way or other disappointed, endeavoured to draw from religion, as they are never to have any fixt 1 (hall now confider the advantages kabkationouhtil after they have &c~q hoped for from this bill ; but muft knowledged Chrift to be theifcieffiah r • begin with fome. general obfe? vati* and when they do this,' they are to ons in relation to the Jews i and u| be reftored to their native land ; the firft place I muft obferve, that therefore the- Hon. geptleman.it vc it is a very great miftakc to wppofe,. * that Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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3?o Proceibikgs ^f the Political Club, tic* July that the Jews ever did, or ever can Bat, Sir, tho' the Jews cannot- fet up trade in any country ; for the be the firft beginners of trade in any origin of trade in ail countries is country, yet after it is began, they ttanufa&nre ; but none of the Jews, may contribute to its incrcafe ; for even of the poorett fort, are erer as they either cannot, or will not bred to be manufacturers or mecha- purchafe, or take lands to farm in nicks, or indeed to any laborious A any country, they have no way of employment ; therefore they can employing their money but in trade never be the beginners of trade in or ufnry ; and as they are difperfed any country. It was not they that over the whole world, and keep a began the Dutch trade, after the correfpondence with one another, eftablimment of that commonwealth, they know where all forts of but it was the persecution and op- nufacttres may be fold to the beft preffion of the Spanifh government, B advantage j therefore by lending their which drore the manufacturers and money to the native manufacturers, nechanicks from all the other pro- they may enable them to einend their vfaces of the Netherlands : Nor was manufacture, and by their foreign it the expulfion of the Jews which m correfpondence they may increafe mined the trade of Spain and Portu- the exportation. For this zeafon, gal, but the emigration of the in- in the infancy of the trade of any habitants ; for foch multitudes of C country, it is right to encourage the their people went to America, that Jews to come and fettle amongft there was not enough left for carry- them ; as the manufacturers have rng on any fort of manufacture fuf- not then money of their own faffi- ficient for their home confumption. dent for carrying their manufac- No inftance can be given, Sir, of turn to any great extent, and as the the Jews having been the beginners native merchants have not a foreign Of trade in any country, but many 0 correfpondence fettled, perhaps, in inftanees to the contrary . In Poland thdfe countries, where fonse of their there have been multitudes of Jews manufacture*, may be fold to the for many ages, yet no man will fay belt advantage. But in a country that Poland is a- trading country, where trade and commerce have In this country, the' they were let- been fully and long eltabliflied, where tied bfere from the time of the con- the manufacturers have, money fuJE- queft to the 1 8th of Edward the Firft, £ cient of their own, or of their friends, near 230 years, yet they never fet to carry their manufactures to the up any trade, but dealt chieRy in utmbft extent, and where the native ttiury, 'which indeed was moft ex* merchants have a correfpondence ceffive, for we have among our re* fettled m every foreign country cords feme regulations prohibiting where it is poflxble to carry on any them to take above ad per pound commerce, and coniequently osoJt per week. The truth is, in thole p know where every fort of manufac- countries where there is little or no ture may be fold to the beft advan- trade, they deal moftly in ufury, or tage : In foch a country, I fay, it in collecting the taxes ; and where is madnefs, if not worfe, to put Jcwa a trade has been already ettablifhed, or any other foreigners upon aa fome indeed of the rk her fort may equal footing with natives, becaufo engage m foreign commerce, but the it only enables the former to take the poorer fort deal only as brokers, ped~ bread, or a part of the bread, out of mrs, or hawkers, as we may now Gthe months of the latter, without in* fee from daily experience ; for but ereafing in the lealt the national trade fot her day I met no lefs than four or commerce ; for i no Jew, no more of them together, going upon a loan a> native, will export more of £edling progrefs into the country, your Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1753- Proceedings of the Political Clue, f$c. 311 jour manufadurc than he can fell in a climate which he thinks more to advantage, and fo much your agreeable to his conftitution. own native merchants will always This example, Sir, may be ap- export, if there were not a Jew plied to every country in the world in the kingdom ; nor does an Eng- as well as to that of Portugal ; for lifh merchant ever defire a greater there is no country where we have not profit than will fatisfy a Jew or any A now houfes and factories eftablifhed ; other foreign merchant $ for in fuch and therefore it is, I think, a demon* a multitude of merchants as we now ft rat ion, chat the bill now before at have of our own to all parts of the can be of no advantage to our trade world where the trade is open, it is or manufactures, buc muft be of dif- certain, that they will underfd one advantage to the nation in every another till they bring the market branch of our foreign trade : And down to what can be deemed no- B now with regard to our domeftick, thing but a living profit. The Jews, it is true, have as yet Let us take, for example, Sir, the contented them (elves with hawking kingdom of Portugal: Does any man and pedling : Very few of them think that we do not now export as have become fliopkeepers, becaufe many of pur manufactures thither it would fubjeel them co taxes and as can poflibly find a vent there, or parifh rates. But fuppofe they fhould Chat our Portugal merchants and their C begin to engage in this branch of factors there, who are fo numerous, bufinefs, could it be of any advan~ and fo independent of one another, tage to our trade or to our manufac- do not fell thofe goods as cheap as turers ? Have we not already as they can be fold ? Suppofe then that many Englifh (hopkeepers of all we export yearly thither to the value kinds as can be fupported by the of a million fterling, and that this confumption ? Does not the moft pet- is the utmoft that can be exported : D ty fhopkeeper know, that what If we fhould naturalize all the Jews maketh rich is a fmall profit and a in the world, they could not add to quick return ? Confequently, muft that exportation : They could only not every one of them fell his goods come in for a fhare of it ; and fup- as cheap as he can poflibly afford ? pofe that fhare to be 200,0001. worth Therefore we cannot fuppofe that Jew of goods yearly, is it not evident, fliopkeepers would fell cheaper than that in this cafe one fifth of our £ our Englifh now do, but they might Englifh Portoguefe merchants muft perhaps cheat oftner ; and if Jew. give up the trade, or all of them to. fliopkeepers fhould increafe, the gether muft trade for one fifth lefs chriftian muft diminifh in number ; than they ufed to do ? This there- fo that if in this way the bill now fore could be of no advantage to before us fhould have any effect, it our trade or to our manufacturers : would only be a transferring of a It would only transfer the profit upon F marc °f the profit upon our home 200,oool. worth of goods yearly from confumption, from our native Chrif- our native Englifh merchants to our tians to our naturalized Jews, naturalized Jews ; and this I muft But, Sir, both in our foreign and look on as a lofs to the nation, be- domeftick trade the transferring of a caufe I think we are as yet a chrif- part of the profits from the Chriftian Han nation : The eftate got by an to the Jew, is not the only bad con- fenglifhman we are fure will remain Q fequence we have to fear from this Jiere ; but a Jew, tho' naturalized, bill : Sectaries of all kind, efpe- may be here to day and gone to- dally the Jews, are more zealous morrow : When he has got an eftate acd more diligent in, recommending bcre, he may go and live upon it cue another, and in playing into the hands Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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Jfi Proceedings of the Political Clvb~, ticl July hands of one another, than thofe of could hardly be treated worfe than the eftablifhed church. By this means fome of them are at prefent by their they may in time render it impoffible cbriftian landlords. From all which for any Chriftian to carry on any I muft conclude, that there is no trade, either foreign or domeftick, to rank of men in the kingdom, to whom advantage : Jews may become oar this bill, if paffed into a law, can be only merchants and our only lhop- A of any advantage, but that on the keepers. They will probably leave contrary, if it takes any effect, it the laborious part or all manufac- will be of immediate difad vantage to tores and mechanical trades to onr merchants, and may at laft be the poor Chriftian, but they will fatal to every rank of Chriftians in be trie paramount mailers, as the this kingdom. And as to the ad- merchants and mopkeepers in every vantage it may be of to the Hate, country muft always be ; and if B by fupplying onr minifters with our landed gentlemen fhould find money in cafe of a war, or by en. h impoffible to provide for their abling them to reduce the interefi younger fons by making them mer- payable upon our publick funds, in chants or mopkeepers, nor for their cafe of the continuance of peace, I daughters by marrying them, with muft obferve, that if the Jews can- a fmall fortune, to a merchant or not get an equal interefi and equal fhopkeeper, we may judge what C fecurity any where elfe, they will would foon be the fate of moft of let us have their money without be- our landholders : They muft give ing naturalized ; and if they can get fuch large fortunes to their younger an higher interefi and equal fecurity children, or at leaft to moft of them, any where elfe, they will not let ua as might be fufficient for their fup- have their money, even tho' we port, by which means a new incum- fhould naturalize the whole Hebrew brance would by every generation D nation at once. So rhat to compen- be brought upon the eft ate, and that fate all the dangers and all the dif- without any refource : At prefent, advantages we (hall expofe ourfelves a younger brother often gets by trade to by the palling of this bill, we can fuch a fum of money as faves the expect no one advantage but that of eftate of his family ; or the heir, having a few rich Jews come here by marrying the daughter of a rich tofpend their income from our funds, merchant or fhopkeeper, gets fuch E which they now fpend abroad ; and a fortune as redeems his ettate from even this I think very precarious ; for ail former incumbrances ; but if when a imn grows old, he does not Jews, who marry only among one Hke to leave the country in which another, were our only merchants he has been bred and perhaps born, and fhopkeeper?, both thefe refources which is ihe reafon chat I have fel- Would be cut ofT; which would every dom (een bills of natnralization ap- year bring fo many of our land e F plied for by rich foreigners who have /rates to market, that I doubt much got their fortunes abroad, but by if they would rife in their price, foreigners who have long lived, and until the Jews had got poffefEon of have got eftates, or are in the way moft" of them, of getting eftates, in this country. Thus, Sir, the bill now before But, Sir, tho' I think this good us, inftead of being of advantage, G effect of the bill very precarious, I may probably be fatal to our prefent am convinced, it will have a very landholders ; and whatever efteem extenfive bad effect. We may, if fbme gentlemen here may have for we pleafe, call it only a bill for im- the Jews, 1 doubt much if our Eng- powering the parliament to natura- lifh farmers would Hke to have lize, but it will in effect be a gene- Jews for their landlords, tbo1 they ral *

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1753- Pftofci* euros of /A* Political Club, fcfr. 3*3 ml naturalization of the Jews. An old reduce rather than increafe the number .a and rich Jew> who has given over trade, every branch. But as it is certainly the may not, perhaps, expofe himfelf to the intereft of the publick to increafe the fatigue and danger of changing his coun- number of dealers in every branch of try and climate j but all the rich Jews, trade as much as poflible, and as it if who are ftill engaging in trade, and re- he duty of every gentleman, who has folve to continue it, will come here to the honour of a feat in this aflembly, to be naturalized 5 and where the rich come j: confider the publick intereft; without re- the poor muft follow. We mall have gard to the private views of any fct of crowds of them coming over every day, men whatever, I carinot but be amazed, and as their children afterwards born will that a bill fo clearly calculated as this is of courfe be natural born fub}e&s, if the for the publick good, fliould meet with doOrine be eftablimed, that all fuch Jews the leaft oppofition in this houfe, efpe- may purchafc and hold land eftate bill, N — H . or by any thing in confequenee of it, un- July, 1753- Hr Jefa- Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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ji4 PaociEDincs0//irPotiTjcALCt!ril££r# July le/s they have a mind to contribute to the bf reduced, at foaft a* low at they can be increafe of our trade, by engaging in it,' in any country where there it an equal or to the railing to the value of our land plenty of golo) and filver in circulation, eftates, by making a purchafe 5 and how Therefore, Sir, as it is impoJ&bJe to either of thefe can be injurious to the na- know, whether our* manufactures are tiona) intereft, I cannot comprehend. fold as cheap as poffihle in every foreign With regard to trade. Sir, if our ma- country, or whether as large quantities nufa&ures and native commodities of all a of them are exported as can peffibly fine? kinds were fold as cheap as poffible in all any where a vent, the wifeft method we foreign markets, and as great quantities can take, is to make the naturalization of of them exported as can poffibly find a foreign merchants as general and as eafy vent at thofe markets, 1 (hall grant, that aswe can* This, in my opinion, is the the naturalizing of foreign merchants only method we can take to come at any would only be a transferring of part of certainty as to thefe two questions 3 for tjie^profits of our trade from natives to if they are both to be anfwered in the foreigners ; but thefe are faAs which it affirmative, I think it is highly probable, |s impotfible to ascertain : New men will B that no foreign merchant would defire to probably make new experiments, and by fettle, much lefs to be naturalized here $ new experiments, new channels of trade and as numbers of them are daily denring may be difcovered, thro1 which new and »t» I think it almoft an inconteftablc proof, additional quantities of our manufactures that both thefe aueftums are to be an* may flow to a foreign market : No peo- fwered in the negative $ cocfequently, I pie can be fuppofed more capable, or muft think it as much a def&otmratioa aa more ready than the Jews, to make thefe the nature of the cafe can admit of, that new experiments, beqaufe of their great q the exportation of our manufactures and propenfity to trade, and becaufe of the our foreign. trade may be very much in* curfe that attends them. By being dif- creafed by the naturalization of fuch. Jew perfed thro' all nations, and by being the merchants as may defire to fettle in due- Chief traders in every nation where they, country. And as to our domeftick or fpjouro, they know what fort of fabrick ffiopkeeptag trade, I very much doubt, in every kind of manufacture is beft fuited whether our Shopkeepers and warehoufe- tp the tafte of the people of every coun- keepers fell at as low a price as they try, and they may give directions to our _ can poffibly afford ; becaufe I have beet* manufactures to work up feveral ncwD told, that you may buy snoft forts of Ibrts of fabricks hitherto unknown in this Engliih manufactures as cheap at thai country. We have been told in this Jhops in Lifbotv or Amfterdam, as at the* houfe, and the fa& is certainly tree, that wops in London. If this fa& be true, a very eminent Jew merchant now living which, indeed, I cannot aucrt upon my in London, directed a new fort of cam- own knowledge, it is certain, that our blets to be made, but a few years ago, mopkeepera in London do not fell at to •f which great quantities have Once been low a price ae they can poffibly afford $ Yearly exported to Spain $ and tho* we E *°r our manufactures muft go to the (hops have excluded them from being our fac- at Lifl>onand Amfterdamloadenwithtke tors in Turkey, yet the Jew merchants additional charge of freight, infuraace, that are, or may be fettled here, in con-* commiffion, and feveral other charges j Jbquence of this bill, may, by means of and 1 muitobferve, that th& reducing tbc their correfpondence with thofe of their price of our home confumption, woaakt nation in Turkey, give fuch directions to contribute to the increafe of our expor- ter manufacturers here, for the inventing tat ion, as it would enable our people te and working up of new forts of fabricks g. live cheaper, and to work for lefs wa^es as may revive and greatly increafe our ? than they do at prefent, which of court* Turkey trade j for there is no country in would lower the price of our mannfocc- the world where the matter manufacturers, tures at all foreign markets. Cc*nJe~» are more ingenious and expert than ours j quently, if naturalized foreigners (fconki and notwithftanding the multitude of our fct up (nopkeepiog, and fell at a ch taxes, and the effect they may have in rate than our Shopkeepers now 4ov fc. railing the wages of workmen, yet as would be an eafo to all the reft o€ *w* there are taxes in every country as well people, and a great advantage to < _w . ajs here, and as bread, the ftaff of life, is reign trade. And what makes me Ccf*. cheaper, and famines of fcarcities left- G pe&, that neither cur merchants nor oiqa» frequent in this country than in any other, Shopkeepers content themselves wftjfc jfeoJi X am of opinion, that by pr^peit. care, a fmall profit as they think the and fome new regulations with refpeox to would be fatisfied with, is the c «ur poor, the price of wages hen mag. that has bcen.cajfed wjthout-tfoors Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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97$$* PaocriDiNGS of the Rjutical Cl^b* &i. gtg this bill 5 but this very clamour, mftcad of parfiament, let him havo never (rtch 4 of being a reafon- agamft, mould be a large eftate in land j fo that the appro* prevailing argument with us, for pafflng benfioo of the Jews becoming our ma* this bill into a law ; tor the fe&m foun- tars, inftead of being our fellow*fubje&s# dation of this clamour will plainly ap- muft be altogether chimerical. They can pear, when the pretences by which it has interfere with no man in the purfuks of been raifed are ail found to be falfe and ambition, nor can they be hurtful to any counterfeit. a ftc of men m the kingdom but ufurers* Now, Sir, with regard to land eftates, and thefe who exaft an extravagant pro- tome gentlemen, I find, make it a question* fit upon what they export, import, of whether a perfon profoffing the Jewifh retail. By being hurtful to fuch they * religion, tho' bom in this kingdom, can will be beneficial to the public*,' and w» purchafe and hold an eftate in lands, tene- the people in general \ and if any of thai merits, or hereditaments : but that they Jews, who may be naturalized in conic- always could , J think there is nothing qoence of this bill, (houid become pur- more plain from many of our antient re- chafers of land eftates, it will be an ad- cords. Even long before the conqueft, B vantage to eve*y landholder in the king- it feems to me, that they could purchafe dom, by raifing the value of the property and hold knd-eftates $ for there is a he is penciled of. charter from WitglatT, king of Mercia, But fay gentlemen, Sir, it will be ink above 400 years before the conqueft, by jurtous to our character as Chriftians* wbkh he confirms to the aeonaftery of and bring dishonour upon the nation in Croyland all the land and pofleffions granted afl chriftian countries, thus to invite the) to them by the kings or nobles of Mercia, Jews to come and fettle amongft us, and or by other faithful Chriftian*, pr Jew j Q to Incorporate them wkh ourfelves. Getw but whatever was the cafe before the Clemen who make this objection have not conqueft, it is certain that, ever fine* forely confidered the biftories of Europe) that time, or at leaft ever fince the reign for in every part thereof, except Spain of Henry \U they could purchafe and and Portugal, the Jews are treated at hold land eftatet, as appears from many natives, and enjoy the fame privilege* records ftill extant 5 for of the four fines which it it propofed they mall have he e» levied, which is all wa have extant of in every part of Italy, not excepting tho that reign, there is one by which it ap- territories even of the pope himfelf, they pears, that one Jornetus, a Jew of Nor- •& are treated as natives, and indulged with wich, had pureriafod of William deCurfon, fynagogues on paying a fmall tax for a mefiuagt in that city to the faid Jor- each. In Rome alone it if reckoned the netus and his heirs, for rive marks of Jews have nine fynagogues, and in the Mirer, and a yearly rent of five millings, other patts of the ecclefiaiUcal ftate tho in lieu of all fervices $ and in the reigns number of their fynagogues amounts to of Richard I. John and Henry III. we no left than 91, making in the whole have feveral records ftill extant which - 100. In France, fo long ago as in tho tfhew, that the Jews could purchafe and g reign of their Henry II. about 200 years hold manors or lordmips as wcH as houfee ago, an edict or law was made, by which* or tenements; therefore, as there has It was enacted, that the Tews fljouM been no ftatute made fince that time for be from thenceforth deemed the king's rendering, the Jews incapable to purchafe fubjecrs, and mould be capable to pur- and hold land eftates, we muft conclude, chafe, inherit, and enjoy land eftates, as that Jews who are not aliens, that is to natural born Frenchmen \ which law wae fay, foch as are born within the Brit Uh renewedby Henry III. of France, and by dominions, or naturalized, may ftill pur- Lewis XIV. and has been twice revived chafe and hold land eftates, as well as F and confirmed by the prefent Lewi* XV. any other of his majefty's natural born and it is remarkable, that by this lav/ ail fubjecrs. Confeqtiently the bill now be- Tews, whether rich or poor, are by this for* us can no way contribute towards law naturalized in France, whereas by giving any Jew born abroad a greater the bill now before uj, rich Jews only right than his Ton would have if born are to be rendered capable of being natu- here, nor any greater right than he him- ralized, and that only in cafe the pariis- ftdf may acquire by living feven years in ment mould agree to it, not generally, our plantations, or by engaging for three q but particularly with rei'pect to every years here at home in feveral forts of Angle Jew that (hall heieafter petition manufactures ; and I have already (hewn, to be naturalized. And even in Spam that no man profeflme the JewHh religion and Portugal, it is only by the fuper- can have any mare in our government, ftitious vulgar, animated by their priefts, nor fo much as < vote for any member that the Jews are held in fuch contempt $ kr £ fef Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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$i6 Procbedikgs of the Political Cltj*, &t. July for in boththefe kingdoms the men of totbefe I muft add, that the Tews hare fenfeeiteemtho/e that are privately known great merit to plead with this nation, to be Jews, and are as ready to deal with and paticularly with the prefent happy them as with any fet of men whatever j eftablifhment of our government. They therefore the fmall favour intended to be have very much contributed not only to granted by this bill to the Jews, can the increafe of our trade, but alfo to the bring no diflionour upon this nation in eftablimment and prefervation of our any part of the world, nor any way in- £ publick credit, to which we in a great jury our character with thofe whofe efteem meafure owe the prefervation both of our (is worth preferring. religion and liberties 5 and in the year As to the making of this bill general, 174.5, when our prefent happy eftablifb* Sir, fo as to comprehend Mahometans and ment was in the moft imminent danger, Pagans of all kind* as well as Jews, I the Jews in general (hewed themfelveszea- should not be againft it, if there were at lows for the fupport of our government, prefer* any occafion for it, becaufe it is and one of them in particular, a gentleman, a maxim with me, and muft, I think, be whom I have already had occafion to men- a maxim with every one, who judges " tion, on account of a very great addition Impartially, and without any childim or that has been made to our exports to iuperftitious prejudices, that it is for Spain by his moans : That gentleman, the publick intereft not only to enable I fay, upon hearing in 174 c, that the but invite the rich men of all nations government was in diftrefs for want of and religious to fettle themfelves and fa- a fufficient number of fmall (hips of war milies in this country ; and tho* the Ro- to guard our coarts, in order to prevent mans were ihy in granting the freedom of the rebels receiving any fuccour from their city to diftaot cities or countries, or to C France, came to the lords commiflioncrs fuch as were to remain in them, yet they 0f the Admiralty, and told them, that be always granted it readily to fuch as came had then no lefs than five ftout privateers to live in the city of Romeitfelf $ witnefs jn the river, all ready to put to (ea, every their fo frequently forming the people one of which mould be at the govern - lately fettled in the city into new tribes, mentis fervice, and at their difpofel j and particularly their having in the very and further, that he was fo far from ex* infancy of their republick granted not only peeling any • recompence or reward for the freedom of the city, but the privilege ^this teftimony of his loyalty, or for the of being a patrician to Appius Claudius ^fervice they might be of, that as long as whofe followers had all likewife the free- the government had occafion for them, domof the city, and were formed into he would maintain them all at his own a new tribe, called by this name Claudia expence. Tribue. But, Sir, as we have not at sir, if thefe are not fuch inducements prefent the leaft expectation that any as fhould incline us to naturalize fuch rich Mahometan or Pagan will apply for jcws as mav hereafter defire it, rather being naturalized, we have no occafion for thm any other foreigners whatever, I snaking this bill general j and befides/ we E am fure, they are fuch as mould prevail have feveral particular reafons for being wjth us at leaft to put it in the power ready to grant a naturalization to the Jews, 0f t^c parliament to naturalize them which cannot be pleaded in favour of any which is all that is intended by this bill, any other fet of people whatever} in the ancj therefore I fhall moft heartily give firft place, they are more likejy to im- mv vote for its being committed, prove and extend our foreign trade than any other fet of people whatever ; JTci "the - f Jq ^ h M Mgtf next place, they fupport their own poor p t A . c^0 Fabi ^ A m all countries where they are, fo that . . r/r,„J + we can be under no apprehenfion that was t0 thli L&a' any • of them will become burthenfome ^ PrtRdna Co any parim. And in the third place, J l ' astheyfcave nov country they can pro- o / /?, perry call their own, nor any country 1 RISE up chiefly to rectify a miftake where they can live with fo much fecurity, J which an Hon. gentleman fell into, we are in no danger that after they have _, with regard to the Papifts in Ireland. ,In gained an opulent fortune by trade in this G order to make us believe, that our giving country, tbey will retire to fpend the to the Jews a privilege to purchafe land income of it in any other. eftates in this country, may be a means Thefe, Sir, are Arong inducements for to convert them to Chriftianirv, he told our being more inclined to grant the fa- ps that moft of the ; Papifts in Ireland your of naturalization to the Jews, than . had been converted by means of ****** to any other denomination of people: and pem$ Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1753* Proceedings rftbe Political Club, &c. giy being pottefled of land eftates ; but I vitcd foreigners of all forts, the Jews muft tell him, that it was not their pof- among the reft, to come and fettle in feffton of land eftates that made them this then unhappy country. The next turn Proteftant,butthencceflity they were of our monarchs that was remarkably , hid under by law to turn Proteftant, in favourable to the Jews was king John : order to prtferve that pofletTion : for be- Who was king John ? Not only a ulurper, fore that law was made, they had con- but a murderer and a tyrant ; for after tinued in pofTeflion of thefc land eftates fa ufurping the crown from his nephew for feveral generations after the refor- Geoffrey of Bretaf ne, he murdered that marion, without having ever had the young prince, and by means of an army leaft inclination to turn Proteftant, but on of foreigners which was eafily fupported the contrary engaged in feveral plots and by the Jews, he tyrannized fo much over confpiracies for compelling all the Protef- his fubje&s, that they chofe to fobmtt to rants in that kingdom to turn Papift, and France rather than continue under hit to murder or bani mail fuch as would not tyranny. During the long and weak comply j and as the Jews arc at leaft as R reign of Henry III. the Jews were allow* obftmateasthePapifts,Imakenodoubtof ** ed to continue in this country, and to their forming fome fuch confpiracy againft opprefs the natives with their ufury and the Chriftians of all denominations, if extortion, becaufe the court could as often they mould ever become fo numerous and as it had occalion extort money from powerful in this country, as to entertain them for fupporting its extravagancies } any hopes of fucceeding in fuch a pro- but that great and wife king, Edward I. je&; for we may judge of their refent- who, Iwi/h 1 could 'not fay, was the ment and cruelty from the ftory of Efther, only king we ever had, before his pre- which we have from incontestable au-Q fent majefty, that perfectly understood, thorify, and which informs us (that upon and fteadily purfued the true intereft of their getting the power into their hands, England, foon after the beginning of hit they put to death in two days near 76,000 reign, that is, in the third year of it, con- of thofe they were pleafed to call their fented to a law, by which it was ordained enemies, without either judge or jury. and eftablifhed, that no Jew mould hi Now I am up, Sir, I muft declare that, any manner pra&ife ufury. However, when I confider the feveral ara's that it is probable they found means to evade have been remarkably favourable to the ^ this law $ and therefore the king, at the 2ews in this country, I am fo far from ^ repeated fuit of his people, in the 18th eing furprized at the oppofition made year of his reign, bamfhed all the Jewt to this bill, that I am amazed it mould out of the kingdom by proclamation, on have been thought of by any gentleman pain of being hanged, if any were found who pretends to be a friend to our pre- m the kingdom after the day prefixed, fent eftabli/hmenr, or to have a regard From this time, which was in the year for the character of the fovereign now 1290, they could never obtain leave to upon our throne. That we had fome fettle here again, till an end was put Jews in this country before the conqueft, J? both to our confutation and religion by is probable, but that we had not many Oliver Cromwell and his aflbebres, when is certain, becaufe all our hiftorians take the fettling of many of them here, and notice of that being the atra of their firft their privately fetting up a fynagogue, introduction ; and fuch as we had were was connived at, for even Cromwell was in a moft abjcc> condition ; for by a not hardy enough to pafs any publick a& law of Edward the Confeffor it is de- in their favour ; and tho* moft of them, clared, that the Jews, and all they out of fear, re'ired to Holland, upon the have, belong to the king, Jud*i', it em- p reftoration, yet upon finding how things nia fua, rtgu funt. Therefore it is plain, ** were like to %ot feveral of them returned, that' if any Jew then purchafed a land fome of whom, for a fum of money I eft ate, he could hold it *no longer than fuppofe, ohtainc4 letters of denization the king pleafed to allow him ; and the from king Charts II. with a r.on dbfttnte grant to the monaftery of Croyland, which claufe for fjaefng them from the payment an honourable gentleman was pleafed to of the aliens duty j but we had no great memion, muft certainly relate to con- inundation of them until the pernicious verted Jews, for none but a converted trade of ftockjobbing was let up foon af- Jew would grant his lands to a christian ter the revolution, when Jews, and ail monaftery. William the Conqueror was G other foreigners, were invited by a& of then the firft of our monarchs who was parliament to prac"tife that trade of ufury remarkably favourable to the Jews j and upon the ftate, which by Edward the who was William the conqueror ? Not Firft*s law they had been forbid to prac- cnly an ufurper, but one who treated the tife upon the fubjelr. natives as a conquered people, and in. » From Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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ji8 Proceedings $f the Political Club, &i. July From this mort hiftory of the fettle- whole tenor of our laws, and with the went of the Jews in this kingdom, gentle- very cflence of our confutation. That a anen may fee, Sir, that every sera which Jew born either here or beyond (ea, msy «*se in this country favourable for the purcliafe a land eftate, I (hall readily lews, was an unfortunate era for the agree, but that he can hold it any longer naticn j for tho* the revolution was happy than the king pleaies, I will pofitively en freeing us from the bigotry of king fay, neither is nor ever was nor ever James, and the tyranny of the PapUts, can be the law of this kingdom, until it yet the coftom foon after introduced of A be nude 16 by ad of parliament j for that enifing funds, and mortgaging thofe funds is the only method by which the common a* a high intereft, which has been (b fa- law can be altered j and that a land eftato vourable for the jews, I muft look on aa purchafed by a Jew belongs to, and may n moft unfortunate cuftom for the nation, be feized by the king, is now, and has and a cuftom that will, I fear, end in its always been the common law of this *uifL Ever fince that cuftom was intro- kingdom, ever fince Chriftianity was efta- chsced, we have been like a young extra- blifhed ; for even that law of Edward vagant heir, who proportions his expence g the Confeflbr was but declaratory of the #ot to his income, but to his credit, common law, as appears by the very without plaguing himfelf with the trou- words of it. And notwithstanding the leefome thought how the money he bor- great favours granted by William the Con- tows is to be repaid, or what difficulties aueror and bis (uccefibrs to the Jews, be may afterwards bring himfelf under 3 they took care not to alter this part of the and now we are like a man, who by p common law, but, on the contrary, en- high living has brought himfelf into an forced it by often feizing upon the lands iU habit of body, indeed of reforting to mortgaged to the Jews ; for in thofe days temperance and sobriety, he applies to the purchafes made by the Jews, and every quack remedy he can think of, and even by Christians, were generally by way continues his luxurious way of life, until of mortgagee j and fometimes the king hie body is become fo extenuated, that it would grant a releafe to the mortgager, can bear no regular cure. Initead of without the concurrence or confent of the applying to the quack prescriptions of few mortgagee. Can we fuppofe, that •atnraUziag Jews and foreign ProteAants, D from the conqueft, to the 18th year of wn mouW leflen our yearly publick ex- Edward I. a period of 100 years, there pence, which would enable us to abolifh were no Jews born in England ? Yet in . fame of thofe taxes that enhance the all that time did we ever hear of a diftinc« •vice of our snannxaezure* at all markets tion between Jews born within or with* bath foreign and domeftick. By reducing out the king's dominions } They were our army to what it was at the end of both equally the king's property : They queen Anne's reign, and our civil lift bad equally a right to purchafe and to expence to what it was during the whole £ hold, that ts to fay, till it pleafcd the •f her reign, we might (ave at leaft 4 king to take it from them. Did we ever •r 500,0001. annually, which would en- hear of fuch a dillin&ion before the pre- able us to abolifh the duties upon (alt, font age, fo fertile in novelties of every upon leather, and upon foap and candles j kind ? It is a diftln&on exprefly con- and this, befides being a relief to all our trary to the common law of this king- snanutactures, would particularly encou- dom, by which every Jew, whether born mge our fifhcries and our manufactures here or abroad, and all that belongs to of leather, both of which are confide- him, is the king's property, except what Table articles in our exports to foreign F he may have in our public funds, which markets. feems to be fecured by thofe laws whkh Thus, Sir, by Jenemng our annual ex- enabled foreigners, without diftindion* », and aboliming fome of our taxes, as well as natives, to become contribu- we may revive our trade by means of our tors 5 therefore^ *f this bill mould pafr, own people, without the aififtance of 1 mould advife even our rich Jews bom naturalized Jews, or any other foreigners j Iiere to get themfelves naturalized; be- but as much aa I am agamft this natu- caufe ana£t of naturalization is in fo far saliaing bill, I do not think it of fuch q an alteration of the common law.- pernicious confluence as the doctrine But, Sir, if this bill mould pais into a upon which it is founded. That Jews law, I hope we (hall revive that law horn here are in every refpecl to be deem- pa fled in the 54th year of Henry UI« ed natural born fubje&s, and may conk- which enacts, auiongft other things, that quently purchafe and hold what land no Jew mail have a freehold in* any land i* eftates they pleafe, is to me a doctrine tenements, or hereditaments, or rent* Cm feems quite incontiftwt with the., wtuing from tbeaj $ and even gs to teafes. of Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1753* Prociedimos tftU Political Club, &e. 319 of lands, 1 think we (hould revive the law power of the government in the bands of of the third of Edward I. which retrains the crown. They nay hereafter do aa them to a term not exceeding ten years. tbey did in king John's time : They may Thefe laws, I fay, we mould revive, or furnifh fome future ambitious monarch make a new law upon this plan 5 for \ with money for (upporting an army of hope it will be allowed, that Chriftianity foreigners in order to oppreu his Ait* is as yet a part of our eftablifhmcnt, and je^s $ and from fome late precedents, it therefore we mould be as careful to pre- now feeros to be an eftablilhed doctrine* vent the enemies of Chriftianity, as we A that our king may, without afking the have been to prevent the enemies of our content of parliament, call in foreign prefent royal family, from getting poflef- troops, whenever be thinks himfelf in> fion of any great (hare of our lands 5 for danger. If the parliament mould, from by our conftitution landholders muft al- * jgft fofpicion, refuie to continue the? ways have a mare in our government, mutiny bill, and our own army mould even tho* they fhculd not themfelves be be honeft enough to difband, would no* capable of voting for, or being chofen an ambitious king in fuch circumAancee members of parliament, becaufe they will g think himfelf in danger ? Would he not always have an influence upon thofe that call in immediately an army of foreigners * are : but 1 really do not fee what can Would not the Jews gladly fumifh hum hinder Jew landholders from voting for, with money for this purpose ? And if tfec* or being chofen members of parliament. jews mould thus get an Ahafoerue upon* J (hall not fay, that they will look upon our throne', and an army of foreign mer* any of- our oaths, efpecially the oath of canaries at his , difpofal, would not the abjuration, to be an oath, or any fort of people of this kingdom have great rea* religious ceremony : They will look upon fon to fear being treated by them, as the ahem as forms of words only, and forC Mcdes and Perfians were by their an- tbat reafon will repeat them without the ceftors ? leaft fcruple. For this reafon, Sir, be- f0r what, Sir, are we to expofe our- fore we pafs this bill, I think we mould felves to this danger ? The Hon. gentle- confult fome of the Jewifli Rabbi's, as to man fays, for the fake of increafing our the proper form of oaths, and the proper trade, and raifing the price of our lands t method of adminiftring an oath among As to our lands, Sir, I had rather they them, and add proper claufes to the bill would (ell for ten years purchafe, than according to the inftru&ions we mall re- j\ that moft of them (hould come into the) ceive from thefe Rabbi's, that fuch Jews poflcwon of Jews j and I believe moft at as come here to be fworn, may be fworn the landholders in England will join with in their own manner ; for which purpofe me in opinion $ and as to our trade, the? an Hebrew Pentateuch, or an Hebrew increafe of it muft be allowed to be vary Talmud, mould be provided, and a Jew precarious. The Hon. gentleman himfelf clerk appointed in each houfe $ and in fu- admitted, that if our manufactures ara cure times, perhaps it may become ne- now fold abroad as cheap as poflibie, and ceftary for our fpeaker to give notice, A as many of them exported as can find a Christian member to be fworn, or, A Jew E vent, our naturalising the Jews will only member to be fworn, according to the re- be a transferring of part of the profits ligion of the member then introduced. from Chriftian Englimmen, to Englint Tho* this may look like raillery, Sir, jews. But thefe, lie fays* are querftona 1 am really ferious ; for with regard to which cannot be certainly answered | and all oaths, I think they mould be drawn the Jews defiring to be naturalized is, bm up in fuch terms, and adminiftred in fuch fays, an argument for their being an* a manner, as is moft likely to produce rwered in the negative. Sir, a branch of reverence and refpect, in the perfon who is p trade's being overlooked is, we find, no to be fworn 5 therefore the forming rail- bar to new people's defiriag to get Into Jery of what I fay proceeds from the ridi- it ; becaufe every one eacpe&s, by his fu- culoumefs of what is propofed by this periorikill and induftry, to ingroftagraat bill, and not from any jocular humour I part of it to him/elf; and in every branch, tuippen to be in at prefent j for I think of trade that it overftocked, we are vrf our conftitution and liberties may be ex* fore, that every dealer muft fell as cheap poled to die utmoft danger, by the pre- as he can, and will fell as great a quasw waiBng humour of naturalizing foreigners, tity as he can t Now as every branch of especially Jewsj becaufe we may from G our trade is overftocked, it is, 1 think, a experience!* certain, that they will al- demonftration, that in every branch at be obnoxious to the people, there- our foreign trade our Engtim merchant* fore they muft be for depriving the people now fell as cheap and kl mucbae they caw > o£ all power, and lodging the whole ' confequently, bur naturalizing the Jews ca* Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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320 ' Proceedings cf (be Political Club, tec. July can no way increafe oun trade. But, Sir, Sir, I do not at ail wonder at their having the jews have a particular realbn for en- a great number of fynagogues there, deavouring to get into every branch of efpecially in the pope's territories 5 for our trade. Their brethren are ahnoft the even the devil himfelf is indulged with fole brokers between merchant and mer- having as many chapels there as he plcafes, chant in all countries j and if they can as on paying a fmall tax : I mean the li- £ngli(hmen, fet up houfes in all foreign cenfed whores and brothels, which I am Countries, they hope, In a (hort time, to ^ told, are every where to be met with in ingrofi the whoJe of the trade in each to that country. As to France we know, themfelves alone, not by felling cheaper that their edi&s are very uncertain i than oar merchants now do, but by their Sometimes an edi& iflues for treating the Jbperior intereft aroongft the brokers. If Jews as natural born fubjecrs, and foon they mould fucceed in this, do we think, after, perhaps, a new edid iflues for ba- tfcat they would fell cheaper, or export nifhing them all out of the kingdom | more of our manufactures than our mer- therefore I think it very unfair to quote charts now do ? We may judge of their „ thofe edicts in their favour without men- confcicnrc in this refpedt from what they * tioning thofe againft them 5 but" if they did rrcre after the conqueft, when they ever had the privilege of purchafing land nad a monopoly of tending money at in- eftates in France, it is certain they have tercft ; for no Chriftian could then exa& been wife enough never to make ufe of it, fartereft for any money he lent 5 and we for I never heard of a Jew that was a find from our records, that they then ex- French marquis, which fome of them afted above 50I. per cent, intereft. ft muft have been, had they been land- would be the fame mould they get a mo- holders, as moft of the eftates there ate nopoly of any branch of our foreign trade : Q erected into titles, of noblefle. And as to They would exadl a higher profit than our Spain and Portugal, it is allowed, that mei chants now do, and confequently there are fome gentlemen of the Jewifli could not fell fo great a quantity* nation, who deferve the efteem of all men Therefore, Sir, by palling this bill into of common fenfe ; but it is certain, that a law, we may ruin our foreign trade in the nation in general is defpifed there moft parts of the world, but can expect and every where elfe, and but too much to increafe it no where ; and as to the deferve it, becaufe they are too ready to fliopkeepintc trade, I very much doubt of pjfacrifice every thing to a little immediate the fact which the Hon. gentleman was u advantage : They were bankhed out of pleafed to mention 5 but if there be any Spain and Portugal for underhand a flirting truth in it, it muft proceed from its not the Moors : In this country, in the reign being the cuftom in thofe cities for (hop- of Henry II. notwithftanding the protec- keepers to give fo much, or fuch long lion he gave them, it was found, that for credit, as our (hopkeepers ufually do ; profit they furnirtied the rebels in Ireland for the difference of a year or two's ere- with large fums of money j and but very dit muft make a great difference in the lately, we know, that they were bantih- price of the Roods fold upon truft ; and £ ed out of Bohemia, for furntftiing the we know that our (hopkeepers are fome- French army, whrlft in that country* witfe times feven years before they can get all forts of provifions. payment, even from thofe who are able But whatever privileges the T*^* ma7 to pay, and even then they muft, per- be now indulged with in abfclute govern- baps> pay poundage to fome French va- ments, where the people have no (hare let, or fome French chambermaid ; for it in the legiflature, it can be, deemed no feems to be thought neceflary in this precedent for our indulging them with country, for a man of quality to have a p the fame in this country, where every levee, and if he can get no others to at- freeholder, and indeed every freeman of tend it, he makes his tradefmen pay him any city or borough, has a (hare id oof that compliment year after year, in order legiflature ; and as to the inducements to follicit the payment of what has been we may have to favour the Jews rather due to them. than any other unchriftian people, tbey But in order to induce us to grant what will appear from what I have faid to be is contended for to the Jews, we are told, of no weight. The Jews, as I have that they enjoy the fome privileges in moft (hewn, are more likely than any •(* countries of Europe, efpecially in Italy** people to ingrofs and rum our trade.; 4nd France j and that even in Spain and as to their maintaining their owa p Portugal, from whence they- have been they have hitherto been under a neceflitj long expeHed, foch of them as are pri* to do To, becaufe it was never 1 ^ . yue\y there; are m high efteem with peo- that a Jew could obtain a fettlemjm? ta pie of feme and knowledge. As to Italy, any^ Chriftian 'partth % but if Te*» ;•„_ *ner« Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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t75i. LONDON a wonderful C i rr. ' j*i here are to be deemed natural bora fub- $$> A* all tb* St E z c h e * *W^ in fix jects to all intents sod purpofes, tl*ey PouticaiCub, *re not **Je'rci1i» may obtain fuch a fettlement, and con.'e- thir Jwral Uok, any gentleman may fen* qcsntly, if reduced to poverty and want, aeofyor ext>*3 #/ what Le feid Lfen ary muft be maintained by the parifb where imurtant deh*tc, f the pMjher of rhs they had their tart fettlement. As totheir Ma cajinf,W// pall be irfrrtcd b) having no country of their Own to retire ft/elf, or in its frtper place. to, if they have the fame privileges in A * other countries, tfj*ctfly France and A *B»toS*»«3fcS* « i88«««fi«l*««'Ji« Italy, that are intended for tliem here, why may they not retire with their for- Tht Adv i r t u a t a, N° 67. tunes to thofe countries? They will cer- t-j-iHE effect of all external obje&s, tamlydofo; as the climate is more agree* J however great or fplendid, ce-tfc* able to them, and whiJft they no way with their novelty s 1 he courtier ftands meddle with the government they may without emoticn in the royal pretence $ Uveas fecurdy : At kaft many of them the niftictt tramples under his foot the will do fo$ unlefs they Aoutd it tail get £ beauties of the fpring ; and the inhabit the government of this country into their tant of the coast darts his eye upon the own hands, and if* they ever fhooM, irnmenfe difruficm of waters,, withou tawe> God have mercy upon fuch of the natives wonder, or terror. is mall continue Christian 5 for I am fore Thofe who have ptfft much of their our rulers the Jews would have none. lives in this great city, look upon it* None of thefe therefore, Sir, can be opulence and its multitudes, its extent -way inducement for our agreeing to what is and variety, with coH indifference ; but now propofed j and as to the merit of the ~ an inhabitant of the remoter parts of the lews by their having been inftrumential ^ kingdom is immediately diftingui'hed by sa increafing our trade and eftaWiflung a kind of diflipated curioflty, a buly cn- out publtck credit, I vadfh the Hon. gen- deavour to divide his attention amongA tlemen had pointed out any one branch a thoufand objects, and a wild confufiuu of trade that has been increa&d by their of aftonifhment and alarm, tntans t For -my own past, I know of The attention of a new-comer is pene- r no branch of trade* to the increafe of which rally firft ftruck by the multiplicity of .the Jews, as a. people, could any wayD cries that ftun him in the ftrects, and the contribute, but our trade to Turkey, and variety of merchandife and manufactures /that has been upon the decline ever fine* which the mopkeepefs expofe on every they came amongH us* And as to our hand j and he is apt, by unwary bu><V <pubttck credit, I doubt much if it be ana- of admiration* to excite the merriment tional advantage, becaufe it has encouraged and contempt of thofe, who miftake the and enabled our minifters to engage us ufe of their eyes for effects of their under- . in needbfs wars upon the continent, or (landing, and confound accidenai know* to continue thofe wan longer than thep ledge with juftieafoning. jutereft of this nation required. But11 But, furely, thefe are fubjo&s on which . fixppoung it to be an advantage, i do not any man may without reproach employ think a lender can plead great merit his meditations : The innumerable oc- frotn lending his money at as high an cupations, among which the thou&n is • iutsreft &s he can get any where elfe upon thatfwarm in theftrects of London are equal fecurity ; and we all know, that diftnbuted, may furnifh employment to Che Jews have been as ready as any other minds of every caft, and cat^ciLo of set o£ people to take advantage of the every degree. He that contemplate* the » cHilrefles of our government, for raiung P extent of this wonderful city,' finos ii the intereft and premium upon what dlfticult to conceive, by what methvd money they agreed to lend. plenty is maintained in our markets, and Thus* I hope, I have ihewn, Sir, that bow the/ inhabitants are re^ul-rly fu'p- wb can have no inducement for agreeing plied with the neceifcries of lie ; but to this bill from ant advantages we have when he examines the iko?i and w *»e reaped in time psft, or from any ad van* houfes* fees the immenfc (lore? of every tages we can expect to reap in time to kind of merchandife. piled up for i-'u. come j but on tne contrary, that it will q and runs over all the ma*iiua£lurcj of be, if pafled into a law; of the moftdan- art and products of nature, wlaih a c fcerous confequenee to oir religion, to every where attracting lus «/«. he will our liberties, and to our trade ; therefore be inclined to conclude, that fy Ji ouzr - inflead of committing,. 1 think, it ought tines cannot eafily be ck'huuUe ', zuS to be rejected with dildain. that part of mankind mud fuon ftvd VJ'bh Journal t« bt nrtivtti ix w:,r.t' ] fl'U rof want »f am^oyin^<, w\ iA« July, t;:jf, fc * ^«J^ Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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yii Advantages*/* living in trading Towns. July wares already provided Hull be**wom out gether the great and the mean, the illof- aud diflroyed. trious and theobfcure ; and confiderwitn As Socrates was pafling thro* the fair benevolent fatisfa&ion, that no man,, un- at Athens, and calling his eyes over the lefs his body or mind be totally difabled, jfheps and cuftomers, Now many things has need to tuner the mottincatioQ of are here, fays he, that I do not want I" feeing himfelf ufelef* or buithenfome to The Came fentiment is every moment the community « He that will diligently fifing in the mind of him that walks £ labour, m whatever occupation, wtUde* the ftreets of London : He beholds a ferve the fuftenance which he obtains, thoufand mops crouded with goods, of and the protection which he enjoys ; and which he can fcarcely tell the ufe, and may lie down every night wkbtnopleanDg which therefore, he is apt to confider confeioufnefs, of having contributed feme* as of no value j and, indeed, many of the thing to the happinefs of life, arts by which families are fupported, and Contempt and admiration are equally wealth is heaped together, are of that incident to narrow minds: He whefe com- minute and fupcrmious kind, which no- R pneheofion can take in the whole fob- thing but experience could evince pof* B ordination of mankind, and whole peript- fible to be profecuted with advantage* cacity can pierce to the real ftate of things and which, as the world might eafttjr thro* the thin veils of fortune or of fcihion, want, it could fcarcely be expected to will difcover maaanelt in the highest encourage. ftations, and dignity in the mfaneft{ But fo it is, that cuftom, ctniofity, or and find that no man can become vene- wantonnefs, fupplies every art with pav ruWe but by virtue, or contemptible bet irons, and finds purchasers for every ma- by wickednef*. nufa&ure ; tlie world is fo adjufted, that C In the midft of this universal buoy, not only bread, but riches may be 0b> no man ought to be fo little influenced tained without great abilities, or arduous by example, or fo void of noneft enaa- performances : The moft fkilful hand lation, as to (land a bey ^edator of and unenlightned mind have fumcieot incefiant labour ; or pleafe himfelf with incitements to induftry ; for he that is the mean bappineia of a drone, wntfe refolutely bufy, can fcarce be in want? the active f warm* are bo2iMg*bouthisni There is, indeed, no employment, how- No man is without feme quality, by the ever defpicable, from which a man may n due application of which- be might de» not promife himfelf more man compe- u ferve well of the wodd $ and whoever tence, when he fees thoufand* raifed to be be that has but little in his power, dignity, by no other merit than that of mould be in hafte to do that little, Jell contributing to fuppiy their neighbours he be confounded with him taut can do with the means of fucking fmoke thro* nothing. a tube of clay 5 and others raifing con- By tins general cencurrence of rrnlea tributious upon thofe, whofc elegance vours, arts of every kind have been fo dildains the grofinefs of fmoky luxury, long cultivated, that afi the wants of by grinding the materials into a powder, E man may be immediately fopphed ; idle* that may at once gratify and impair the nefs can fcarcdy form a wifh which 4ber fmell. may not gratify by the toil of others, or Not only by thefe popular and modHh curicfity dream- of a toy which the fhope trifles, but by a thoufand unheeded and are not ready to afford her. evanefcent kinds of bmlnefs, are the . Happinefs is enjoyed only in prepor-*- multitudes of this city preferved from tion as it is known ; and fuch is toe ante idlenefs, and confequently from want : or folly of man, that it is known only In the endlefs variety of taftes and cir- ~ by experience of its contrary t We wn© cumflances that diverfify mankind, no- r have long lived araidft the conveniencaea thing is fo fuperfluous, but that fome of a town tmmenfely populous, have one defires it \ or fo common, but that fcarce an idea of a place where dear* fome one is compelled to buy it. As no- cannot be gratified by money, ia eases* thing is ufe lefs but becaufe it is in im- to have a juftfenJeof this artmoal pJaety, proper hands, what is thrown away by it is neceflary to have paned fome time one is gathered up by another r and the in a diftant colony, or thole parts cat ant refufe of part of mankind furnimes a fub- island which are thinly inhabited * . Mc ordinate clafs with the materials necef- q that has once known how many. fary to their fupport. every man in fuch (ituations is r— - When 1 look round upon thofe who to exercife, with how much labour are thus variously exerting their quaJifi- products of nature muft be accommuJaiel cations, 1 cannot but admire the fecret to human ufe, how long the loft or ee-> eonoatciution of fociety, that links to- fc& of any common utenfii rnuft beeaw Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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*753* Society andafavage Life compared. 323 dured, or by what awkward expedients does not envy the happinefs of polifhed it muft be fupplied, how far men may nations, where gold can fupply the want wander with money in their hands be- of fortitude and (kill, and he whofe la* fore any can fell them what they wiih borious ancestors have made him rich, to buy, will know how to rate at its may lie ftretched upon a couch, and fee all proper value the plenty and cafe of a great the treafures of all the elements poured city. down before him. But that the happinefs of man may ^ This picture of a favage life, if it mews (till remain imperfect, as wants in this how much individuals may perform, place are eafily fupplied, new wants like- (hews likewife how much (bciety is to be wife are eafily created: Every man, in defired: Tho' the perfeverance and addrefs furveying the (hops of London, fees of the Indian excite our admiration, they aumberlefs inftruments and cohveniencies neverthehfs cannot procure him the con* of which, while he did not know them, veniencies which are enjoyed by the va- fce never felt the need j and yet, when grant beggar of a civilized country 5 ht ufe has made them familiar, wonders hunts like a wild beaft to fatisfy his hun- bow life could befupported without them. " ger j and when he lies down to reft after Thus it comes to pafs, that our defires a fuccefsful chace, cannot pronounce him- always increafe with our pofleflions ; the felf fecure againft the danger of perifh- knowledge that fomething remains yet un- ing in a few days 5 he his, perhaps, con- enjoyed, impairs our enjoyment of the tent with his condition, becaufe' he knows food before us. not that a better is attainable by man 5 They who have been accuftomed to as he that is born blind does not long for the refinements of fcience, and multi- the preception of light, becaufe he can- plications of contrivance, foon lofe their Q not conceive the advantage* which light confidence in the unaffifted powers -of would afford him : But hunger, wounds, nature, forget the paucity of our real and wearinefs, are real evils, tho' he be- neceffities, and overlook the cafy methods lieves them equally incident to all his by which they may be fupplied. It were fellow creatures j and when a tempeft * fpeculation worthy of a philofophical compels him to lie ftarving in his hut, mind, to examine how much is taken he cannot juftly be concluded equally jttvay from our native abilities, as well happy with thofe, whom art has exempted as added to them by artificial expedients. -. from the power of chance, and who make We are fo accuftomed to give and receive ** the foregoing year provide for the follow- afliftance, that each of us fingly can do ing. little for himfelf-j and there is fcarce any To receive and to communicate aflWt- amongft us, however contracted may be ance, conltitutes the happinefs of human his form of life, who does not enjoy the life : Man may indeed preferve his ex- labour of a thoufand artifts. iftence in folitude, but can enjoy it only But a furvey of the various nations that in fociety : The grcateft underfianding inhabit the earth will inform us, that of an individual, doomed to procure food life may be fupported with lefs afliftance, £ and cloattung for himfelf, will barely and that the dexterity, which practice fupply him with expedients to keep off enforced by neceffity produces, is able to death from day to day j but as one of effect much-by very fcanty means. The a large community, performing only his nations of Mexico and Peru erected ci- (hare of the common bufinefs, be gains ties and temples without the ufc of iron ; Ie>fure for intelle&ual pleafures, and en* and at this day the rude Indian fupplies joys the happinefs of reafon and reflection, himfelf with all the neccflhrie3 of life 5 fent like the reft of mankind naked Into _ To ANYBODY. 4 the world, as foon as his parents have * SIR. ' nurfed him up to ftrength, he is to pro- ¥ SHALL not apologize for the fubjec* vide by his own labour for his own fup- 1 or manner of the following lucubra- port. His flrfl care is to find a (harp tion, becaufe it is well known that Every flint among {he rocks ; with this he un- bodfi bu/foefs is of ancient right the bufi- dertakes to fell the trees of the foreft, nefs of, or appertaining to, myfclf, and that he, (hapes his bow, heads his arrows, Nobody has confidcred the fun dry matters builds his cottage, and holows his canoe, herein after mentioned, with more accurate and from that time lives in a ftate of Q attention and regard, to all ranks of people, plenty and profperity ; he is (heltered than thofe perfons who have nioft inter- com the ftonns, he is fortified againft efted or concerned thernfdves therein. heafts of prey, he is enabled ^o purlue Neverthelefs, 1 own 1 (hnuk) not have , the fim of the fea, and" the deer of the troubled you herewith, had not Somtbjy jnountain* $ an4 as he docs npt know, of publick fpirit, no doubt, fupj>ofin$our 9)2 * pubUck Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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5 24 Nobody-^ Letter cweernin£ Wheel-Carriages. July pub!ick roach and highways arc in a feveral ages backwards, have been ao very ruinous and decayed condition, cc- ,cuftomed, in the manner we now do, eafioncd, as he fays, by the many heavy to ufe thofe excellent improvements, in carriages, which are continually .travelling art, the narrow or (lender wheels, fo ad- thercon with their narrow wheels, with mirably conftru£cd, as that thereon they which they Dot only wear and tear up, but have been able continually to draw amar- cut down into and deftroy the fame, cflici- ing burthens through miry ways and oufly publirticd certain Proposals for the ^ Houghs of their own making, amendment and prefervation theieof, and , Once only, for a little while, they were aa Appendix alfo to his faid book, where- by conpulfion obliged to travel with their in be not only insinuates, that, inftead horfes abrcaft, and to the grievous difap- . of the prefent ingenious device of nar- pointmentof thefe, who then alfo pretend row wheels, with which fo many admi- ed to be well wifhets to th« community, raMc hollow- ways have been cut, with very it was found (for it Teems it was not little ether expence, through hills, which thought of before) impracticable for their were before ilmoft unpayable, on account horfes to pafs, as rhey then moft certainry of their ftupendous height, our heavieft B muft, in and upon the narrow ruts, and wheel carriages mould be drawn on rollers their ridges, occafioned by the" before- of the breadth, on their outer fuprcrficics mentioned ingenious* contrivances, which orttre, of nine inches , (fee p. %$$-) but had already cut them down to a very aJfo that all fuch carriages fhould be comfortable depth, and were ftill daily drawn by their horfes (if more than three improving them in fuch a manner as that of them) tbreaft, and that their wheels the poor beads, for want of a tolerable .likewife fhouid all of them be of one footing, might almoft as well have been certain width or dfiftance crofsways en q without any feet at al! j and this practice the roads between each other j— that even being therefore sbolimed, fome of rhewifer the nobility and gentry mould fubmit to carriage owners, who only were fenfible, fome necefTary regulations concerning NJ>9dy was in this refpe&wifer than thtm- their coaches, &c. and that to all mould felves, and fearlefs of any bad donft- be prefcribed certain rules or methods quences, having Ncbcdy to fear—in com- cf travelling, by which the bon cfprits plaifance, Ifuppofe,tothoffcwhohad taken of all denominations would be in great umbrage at their innumerable deep ruts, meifure defeated of their prefent amufe- and the mifchiefs arifing thcrefrcm, were rsent of interfering with, or driving, or D kind enough of themfefves to refolve, riding againft, and overturning, 1-ming, by marpntng ftill more their before tnen- cr crippling, or endangering the lives cf tioned tools, ano^ drawing them on m»ny each other. various or different tratks, with a prod!t- Thefc, Sir, arc his principal intend- gious increafc of weight thereon, to cut r. ents, and fundry other matters and Sown the intervening fpactS of our roads ling* ire therein likewifopropofed ; from between the ruts every where; with them, t'le whole wherecf he is of opinion very to one certain level or depth j arurfor this great ravings and advantages woufd moft p purpofc their wheels were- forthwith and crxainly accurc to the" whole kingdom, ftill are continued to be placed on very 3LP.6 the trace thereof.— He even pretends different widths or diftances crofswaya to ft^e i*j whit manner thofe advantages between each ether, that is to fay, from wovlc* -rj'e, and rtafor*, not very learn- four feet eight inches to fix feet (if I mfi ec1 y (aiu-o', by 'he way, I confefs plan- rightly informed) and fomctimes more. f.bly ei:ccgh) cr.this fub?ec>. And I muft own, indeed, this was a ^r.dt'u-rccrc r.ct venting thofe, who matter- piece of invention; for although in having adc.piad lu cpirions, are well fome of our beft roads it has been found yitafed to fte feme Jccing ftcp taken, t by experience to produce, if pofTrble, far K wt vtr tenderly, to introduce the broader greater mifchiefs and inconveniencies than >whtcl^, in hopes the carriage-owners can Well be imagined, yet m others t>f way be thereby enabled, and for their them, among the lower grounds, I ownftkes induced, of thcmfelves, to fall have often, and Evty'-kxtv rmneh oftner - . ■' Digitized by CjOOQ IC"

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1753- EklfinZs °f L^rty, andMiferies of Slavery.* 325 and if they had not been (enfiblc of every word and gefture : It elevates th\ fome advantage, unkm#mi to us, accru- mind above the little arts of deceit ; ing from the badnefs of their roads, makes it benevolent, open, ingenuous or thought it moil advifeable not only and juft, and adds a new relifh to every to continue but to accumulate dangers better fentiment of humanity, and difficulties, by which they might have The map, therefore, who is fully per- imore frequent opportunities of dirt in- Aiaded, that while he lives uprightly and guiming thcriifelves by brayely encoun- j^ innocently, the laws and conftitution of his ' terin* and (urmounting them ; or if they country will protect him, acquires a chearfal had chofe rather to leflen the fatigue, or confidence both in fpeaking and acling ; inconvehiencies, and hazards, or expensive He repays the fecurity not only of his me delays of travelling on bad roads, and and property, but of the true tafte and to have obtained enervating eafe, and fe- enjoyment of life, with fincere endea- curity, and expedition in lieu thereof— vours to promote its profperity i He im~ * they furely might in like manner as afore- proves the ftrength of every natural tye, faid have done (b. And becaufe in their fuch as birth, eftate, family, and friends, great wifdoms, they faw otherwife moil B and redoubles his afredion to their conv» fit, not only myfelf, but alfo the whole mon guardian, the conftitution. numerous tribe or fc& of habituates, over ^ But if, by any fatal reverie, his tru^t whom I have the honour to prefide, ace in the laws be deftroyed j if, on the con- abfolutely averfe to, and determined e- trary, he be confeious, " That he lies at very one of us to disapprove as well the mercy of another man, or a fet of the befbrementioned as ail other altera- men, who may imprifon him, banifh tions, innovations, or new meafures what- him, hang him, and do with him and his foever, however nece^ary or advantageous Q family what they pleafc, with impunity,** they may, to any of the prcfent race of bow difmal is the turn that comes upon mortals, indisputably appear to be. the temper of his mind ? If his ftatioa ' For which laid good or fubftantial re*- give^ him accefs, and bis fpirit be equal ions, I intreat you will be pleafed to in- to the attempt, no doubt, he will do his form all thofe whom it may concern, utmoft to pull down the enormous power, that all and 6ngular the good events., But rf that be out of his reach, and be favings, benefits, or advantages, either {o moil bend his neck to the yoke, from that trade or our honeft countrymen the _ hour he changes both in his fentiment*. farmers, or otherwife, which it is pre- *+ and condutt 5 he turns cautious and fear- tended would naturally rcfult from the ful, and, by degrees, felfifh, difingcnuous, execution of the foregoing proportions } and daftardly : Every word muft now —and indeed that the amendment and be weighed, left it offend his martens r preservation of our roads in any manner 5 fvcry publick a£ion Cct about with a —or the fafety or welfare of our fellow thoufand {gards (I muft borrow a flavifh .fubje&s, are confiderations worthy the term, where our language happily affords attention and regard of Any-Udy, is and none) left it give umbrage and draw are very pofitively denied by, £ upon him death or (name. The noble Dear SIR, independent fpirit which (hone in every Your very much devoted, fentence of his difcourfe, is now evaniflj- and obedient humble fervant, ed : No more quick and. hbneft dedfiods NQBODY. in favour of right, and condemnations From my apartment of wrong, in what perfon or character in Entery-hodfi houlje, foever they were found : No more of June 30, 1753. the former generous dinnterefted procedure -.in his friends or country's caufe j he lofes Xxtr acts from Dr. BtACKwuL'iT his manly lock j his abjeflnefs increafes Court of AUGUSTUS. with every year of flavery, and in the LIBERTY, the moft manly and ex- end he receives that fervile ftampin his kiting of the gifts of heaven, confifts mind and manners, which made the great in a free and generous exercife of all the mafter of life pronounce the memorable human faculties, as far as they are com- fentence, That one day of fervitude de- patihle with the good of fociety to which ftroyed the better half of the human foul.-- we belong s And the moft delicious part ' What greater proof1 can we have of of the enjoyment of the inellknable blef- G lt» tnan the prefem condition of the mo- Img lies in a confeioufnefs that we are dern Italians ? They are at this day a free. This happy perfuafion, when it fagacious people, and have a keenefs and meets with a noble nature, raifes the constancy of temper peculiar to them- foul and rc/Ufiea. the heart : It gives dig- fclves ; They are ftrong, nervous bodies inly to the countenance, and animates of men, able to undergo gr«at fafigueL, Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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326 A fine D esc * i p t io n «/ IT ALY. July and to endure the fierce** changes of foils, from the luxurious lazy Neapolitata Keat and cold, of Kny European nation. to the laborious Genoefe, or hardy inha, The nice judges of climates think, that bitant of the Apennine hills. Two cvi- Jtaly has the proper temperature of air dences among many, that the nature of and foil for producing tlie ftrongeft paf- the natives is not wholly changed, aje fions to be cenrtanr, and the roburfteft pretty remarkable, bodies to be capable of bearing the ex- About the year 13*4* under the pa- tremes of a fultry or frozen clime. pacy of Clement VI. in the reign of the It b avaft peninfula, which declines A emperor Ludowick VI. of Germany, Ni- from the north to the fouth eaft, running colas of Lorenzo was chancellor of the between 38 and 46 degrees of latitude, capitol at Rome, and a very popular man. and is warned on the eaft by the Upper or Upon fome difguift taken agauift the fe- Adriatick, and on the weft by the Tyr» nators, who were generally the Pope's, rhene or Tufcan fea. Almoft quite down creatures, he, with the aflUlance of the the middle of it runs the ridge of the people, banilhed them from Rome, and Apennine mountains, which, produce took the government into his own hands. Hone and timber for every kind of ufe, d under the title of tribune, and head of plenty of pafture for fmall cattle, and the Roman republick. He reduced it to pour down on either hand many a de- tn$ ancient form, and governed with fo light ful ftream into the lower country t great reputation of juftice and valour., TheArno, the Tiber, the Liris, andVul- that not only the neighbouring towns, ttrnus on one fide ;. and, befides the but all Italy fent liim enibaf&es ; info- impetuous Po, which, taking its rife much, that the provinces of the old com- , among the Alps,. glides thro* the vale of monwealth, beholding their metropolis Piedmont, and then wanders thro* the once more refume its priitine dignity, rich plain of Lombardy, there is the C raifed their fpirits $ and partly thro* dread 'Mctaurus, the Aternus, and the rapid of nis arms, partly thro* hopes of a bet- fundus upon the other, with many a ter condition, all honoured the Hung tri- Tiver of inferior note, which water the bune. But * his courage was not equal to fields, moiften the meads, and gladden "W* fortune 5 it failed at the fight of the. the pafturts to the brink of the more. height on which lie flood. So that, turn* Upon the declivities, where %he flqrts of tag daftardty under the weight of his own the mountains begin to break into little power, he abandoned himie4£ when ho- billsand floping plains, lie the oHve and n nouredand fupported by his people ; and vineyard foils, famed for Meflapian oil, without the leaft force or danger fled prU and the Albanian, Falernian, and Cale- vately to Charles king of Bohemia, who t»*n wines. Below Ciem Pomona reigns fent him back loaded with chains to the with a profusion of fruits of every fpecies, Pope. which art and culture can fcarce obtain in The other remarkable proof of the. Jefs happy climes :' As you ftill defcend temper of the natives, and what kind of into the level country, the rich arable men they a>e ftiB capable of being tnajde, lands lie in great tratfs, fuch as the Cam- is, that the Italian regiments were among panUof Rome, and the Capuan and La- E the bejA troops in that noble army, which Ih3> i.in fields j and where the ground is the great prince of Parma Commanded in ^IMI more depreffcd and mar/hy, as above the Netherlands,. The reputation of the "VcKa and M.nturriaej the meadows are SpanUb infantry was then at its heights " tl reached out, fitforhorfes, andp^fturaee yet 'were the Italian troops always em- of larp;c cattle. So that Italy, however ployed in the moft dangerous ferviccs, rich in ^rain, b not a mere corn country, where a fteady inflexible courage was ne- like the Lowrr Egypt, the plains of Baby- ceffary. They were called upon in the* Ion, or the Barhary coaft ; nor, tho* a- p hour of diftrefs to retrieve a defperate bue bounding with fruit and foreft trees, is it finefs, or prevent a fatal break, covered with woods like Pontus, and an- It i$ true, they were all men long train* event Gaul j nor, tha* flowing with wine ed, and well paid, Aire of cacefic* and and oil, does it want pafture and forage, preferment, when they did a fignal ftr- fckethefouth of Frame, and greater part *ice ; and full of a foldier*s afluranceof of Spain ; but joining all thefe produc- conqueft and pleafure under their loved tions to every other of fi/h and fowl) me. leader and countryman : But let it be pe- tals and mineral _, fit for the neceflity membered, that they were modern Ita- snd elegancy of lite, it is the moil fertile G lians, levied in the ftates of Urbino* fclf-fjpportcd country in Europe, in whofc Parma, Genoa, and the Church, who, to> heart ;: lies, my appreheoiion, gave proof that the This Va iety of its foil and climate pro- natives of that unhappy country, are of duces all the chara&crs fitted to tKefc the fame caft and materials as ocac aooo Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1753- Extraft from The Conduft of a Married Life. 327 years ago, when they were conquering them, but fhe money that is fquandered the world by their bravery and virtue 5 away, it were fufficict ; but this is the but are (o disfigured and debated by their leaft. It is certain, that ill wemen fic- prefent prieftly difcipUne, and ecclefiafti- quentthem, to meet thefe whom t' my dcar , have cndcavourcd Lady ber Rotation, newly, married. t0 p0int you out a me^um for your con- IH A V E named to you, my dear (rays duet. It is beft in all refpecls ; but of all the fuppofed authored) the principal it ismoft to with regard to the conduct of the pubiick places, indeed almoft the of a married life. I would neither have only one I would. wUh you to be at, you made an ant, or a tortoife, with the (meaning the Oratorio.] I cannot be fond B ancient moralift ; nor would I have yon of the fommer-evenings at Ranelaugh or- be a fly, according to the practice of the atVauxhalL There is fometbing unna- modern libertines. Be not wholly con- tural and mean in people of virtue and fined to the houfe for your hu(oand*s bo- decency mixing with the herd of common nour, nor be eternally abroad for your prostitutes, and abandoned rakes, who own. I have always told you, that the are feen bare-faced there, and even make woman of reafon will prefer a few fcle& yon the confidants of their appointments. friends, to a multitude of common ac- — As tojfee extravagancies with which Qouantanee. MikeagreatdirTcrer.ee, mV people aperfomedrnes entertained in the dear, between your friendly vifits, and f ovo-feafen, I do not think it is to a your calls of form j avoid routs, and let Woman of fashion's credit to be feen to your favourites of your own fex be older countenance them : It is not worth while than yourfelf. . There is pride in giving ■to fet an evening to fee dogs dance, and protection, but it is 'more prudent tore* in a mornfagt if .jane . comedian mimicks ceive it. the reft, you mould confider, that they are all beneath your notice. It is much more rk™*ur «"gatine/«r i75°> *>unty (P- 43*— 44°/ >» ting your Camily t Thefearadhrcrfions for -account of the Oty of Chefter ; of which jnen t Indeed, if I have been rightly in- having her* exhibited a beautiful VIEW, formed wfco the women are that motl we thought it reauifite to give the fcZ/rtoiug -frequent them, their appearance is the vme particular Def^iptidn of that City. * beft of all rear*** for your abfehoe. pHESTER, commonly called Weft- -The India-houfes were at one time .the \_j Chefter, is 140 computed, and i$% great places for loitering away a morn- E nieafured miles N. W. from London. It tag ; but thncheapning fans, and buying is a large, ancient, populous, and wealtay » fcreens,. was not found to be all that the city, with a noble bridge, having a ga\e virtuous ladies, meant by frequenting at each end, and 12 arches, over the ri- f hem. They became infamous,, becaufe ver Dee, which falls into the fea not many It was difcovered that men wete met miles from hence. The city is well fup* there 5 and tho* this did not happen to ' plied with water from this river, by rrmls - one woman in a thoufand by appoint- or water works, and the water tower, men*, all the reft ibared the cenfure. „ which is one of the gates of the bridge. There are toy-mops in London, which , It has x c parifhes, and nine well-built I mould adviie you, againil vifiting, as churches. The cathedral, called St Wer- ftri&ly as if the India-houfes were revived burg's, was once a monaftery, and looks among us, and for the fame reafon.—- as antique as the caftle. Some fay tffey What thefe do for a few, the auctions do Were both built by William the Conque- for ail the town. I requeft of you to ror's nephew, Hugh Lupus 5 and others, avoid them : It would be impotfible to that the church was founded by king advance one argument in favour of your Edgar, many years before the other. The going to them, They are injuries to Q cp\(copnl (et was firft removed hither from trade, and therefore it is not lit they Litchfield, immediate-y after theconquert; mould be encouraged. They are known but it was afterwards translated to Co- places of deceit to the unwary, and you ventry, and thence bick agun to Litch- cannot be upon your guard againil them. field : So thtt Chelter re-named without •-Wait there no other rcifvC a^-xrut tb:» dignity till the rci^iwf i-e^.ry VIII. Digitized by VjOOQ iC lo

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32* Description ^/CHESTER. July In the Caftle, where the earls of Cheftcr formerly held their parliaments, is a (late- ly hall, fomewhat like that at Weftmin- fter, where the Palatine courts and affiles are held : There are alfo offices for the records, a prifon for the county, and a tower afenbed to Julius Czfar. The looking into the (Irects one fees no body ftirring, except witk horfes, coaches, carts, Ac. and the (hops are hardly to be fern from tbe ftreets, fo that they are, for the mod part, dark and clofe } but in fuch parts, where the rows do not cloud the buildings, thete are lumtUbtne, wefl- tofl&cers eftabliflied here, are a governor, ^ built houfes. The (Ireets are generally a lieutenant-governor, with a mailer - - - — . gunner, (lore-keeper, and furbiflier of fmall arms 5 and for the cuftoms of the city, befides a colleclor, comptroller, and fe a re her, here are zi fubordinate officers* The continual refort of paflengers here, to and from Ireland, adds very much to even and fpacious, and eroding one am>> ther in (Irait lines, meet uvthe center. They are principally four, which make an exaft crofs, with the town-houfe and an exchange in the middle, which it a neat ftru&ure, fupported by culumns r J foot high, of one done each. The city its trade ; but the port, which is formed has four gates and three pofterns, and is t>y the Hyle-JLake, and the point of Aire, o two miles inScpmpafs. The keeping of is but indifferent, the bar being often almoft choaked up, fo that (hips were forced to unload their goods at 6 miles dillance, and fend them up to the city in fmall veffels. But by the favour of two alts of parliament, in 1732, and 1741, this inconvenience is in a great meafure Surmounted, by a channel being cut 10 Capoftcrn, which was flint op the gates was onc> Reckoned fo honour able an office, that iriP»* claimed by fe* veral noble fiunilics ; a*Eaft-Gate by the earl of Oxford, Bridge- w*° had been at (lool ball with (baSfy0"11* women in Pepper-ftreet, was ftolcfc *nd conveyed away thro* this gate, whicllyj?* occasioned a proverb here, " When flfct daughter is (lolen, (hut Pepper-Oate.*^ The walls of Chefier were firft built by pEdelfteda, a Mercian lady, in 908, and join on the fouth fide of the. city to thc caftle, from whence there is a pleafant walk round the town upon the walls, ex- cept where it is intercepted by fotne *f the towers over the gates; and from hence there is a profpea of Flintshire and the mountains of Wales. The walls be* .w- -** v -• -f -j n *t r, inK ^"'^ of a ftone, which is a (oft, re4- 13th year of his reign , fummoned -all the Edifo grit, often want repairing, forwhica lungs and pnnces of the ifiand hither to par^fc thcrc arc ,&£ Jfa r ™* pay him homage, the kmgs of Scotland, £crsF mn^ chofcn. HereTre affS- miles in length, thro' which great veflels now come up to its kay. This city is (Uppofed to have been founded by the Romans, in whofe days it was very emi- nent, and no city in Britain maintained the Roman fplendor fo long, the Ltgi» vicefima ViElrix being quatered here. Af- ter it had fubmif ed to the Saxons, the Britons recovered and kept it, till Egbert, .thefirft Saxon monarch, took it from them about the year 8*6 ; and 60 years after this it was taken by the Danes 5 but they were *>efieged and forced to furrender - it to the united Saxons and Britons. In the reign of K.. Edward the Elder it was enlarged 5 and K. Edgar having, in the Cumberland, and Man, and five petty kings of Wales fwore fealty to him, and rowed him in a barge on the river Dee, _ while himfelf fat in triumph, (leering the helm. King Henry VII. made this city a corporation and county, and king Henry VIII. empowered it to e] eft mem- bers to parliament. It is governed by a mayor, 24 aldermen, two (herififs, and 40 common-council- men. In the civil wars, it held out a fiegeforK.. Charles I. vnler lord Biron, and declared for JC. Charles II. under Sir George Booth. In 3695, a mint was eftablilhed here for coin ing the new money in " """"" The houfes here in general are of timber, very large and fpacious, but are built with galleries, piazzas, or covered walks, "before them, which the people call rows ; in which the paflengers are fo hid, that blies every week, and horfe-racea upon St. George's Day, beyond the Rhodee, which is a fine large green, but (b lew, that it is often overflowed by the Dee. Thetnanu&dure of mod note here it te- p bacco pipes, (aid to be the fined and bed in Europe, being made of clay brought from the Ifle of Wight, Poole, and Bid- diford. The center of the city where the four ftreets meet, facing the cardinal points, is called the Pentifc, from whence there is an agreeable profpeft of all (bur at once* The fuburb of Hanbrid, is 'Sw-ZSr calkd by *• WeIch Trcboth' L c- *""*- ZX^IEE:0*™*. "^S been often burnt them in their incurfions. The fee-farm rents of this city are reded in the princes of Wales, as carls of Chcfter, and the freemen fwear to be true to the4 king and earl. The markets here are on WeJutftiays Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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1 75 J- Summary of the laft Seffion of Parliament 3*9 Wednefdays and Saturdays, and the fairs, *» the Exchequer, amounting to abort to which abundance of merchants and 230,000!. together with fuch a Aim as tradefmen come from all parts, particu- Aould be neceflary to be taken from the larly Briftol and Dublin, are on June 14, nnking fund, in which cafe it would bo July 25, andSeptember ^$^ each for a proper to continue the fait duty for ever, week. and to appropriate it to the flaking fund after payment of what was then charged £x?lanation of the VIEW. upon it ♦, but would not conclude with 1 The wall. — * Little St. John's A any motion, until he heard the fentlments church.— 3 Trinity church.— 4 St. Mar- oi the houfe upon this alternative. Up- tnVs church.— 5 The town hail— 6 St. °n this a great number of gentlemen Peter's church.-^ St. Werburg's church, fpoke, and many complained of the hard, or the cathedral.— S St. Bride's church.— alternative we were reduced to, by not 9 St. Michael'* church.— • 10 The caftle. reducing the pubJick expence in time of —11 St. Mary's church — 12 St. John's pace j but as all the members of that church 1 3 The water tower — 14 The houfe are, and indeed muft be land- bowling-green. — 15 The river Dee.— £ holders, the general opinion feemed to, 16 King Edgar's barge. &e> tofubmitto any thing rather than __ . not reduce the land tax to as. in tho A Summary of the mofi importent Affairs m pound ; whereupon Mr, Pelham flood the lefi Seffion of Paaliamint. Con- upagainand moved for a land tax of is. tinned from f. 271. in the pound, which was agreed to witli- AL T H O' the resolutions cf the com- out opposition ; and the confequence of mittees of fupply and ways and courfe was the taking of 420,0001. from means were all agreed to, yet fome of the finking fund, and the three farplullea thsm were warmly contefted for. Jan 26, C mentioned in our account of ways and a motion having been made in the com- means f, to be applied to the current fer- mittee of fupply by Henry Fox, Efq j vice 5 but how the firft two of thefe fur- fecretary at war, to refolve, that a num- pluffcs came not to be carried to the ag- berofland forces, including 181 5 in- gregate fund, we have not been able to valid s, amounting to 18,857 effective men, difcoycr ; for the firft was exprefly ap~ commimon and non-commimon of- propriated to that fund by a& t Geo. I. ficers included, (hould be imployed for chap. 12. fe&. ia. And the fecond atfo the fervice of the year 1753 ; an amend- j^ feemstohave been appropriated to that ment was propofed by William Northey, fundbyfoft. 13, which appropriates to Efq; by putting 15,000 inftead of i8,8cj, the fame fund all publick moneys, which whereupon enfued a debate, in which after Michaelmas, 171 5, (hould be brought the amendment was fupported by Wil- into the Exchequer, not being appro- liam Thornton, Efq j Mr. alderman Beck- priated to any we, nor ari6ng from the ford, and the earl of Egmont ; and it civil lift revenue : or at leaA it ought to was oppofed by the faid Henry Fox, Efq ; have been carried to the' South-Sea fond, and Henry Pelham, Efq ; chancellor of as the funds for this lottery were all con- the Exchequer ; but upon a divi/ion theE tinued for ever, and appropriated to that quoftion was carried in the negative by company, by the famous South-Sea aft . 2 53 t0 65i after which the queftion was in 1720. In confequence likewife of this put upon the motion, and agreed to with- reduction of the land tax, a bill was out any divulon. This refolution being brought in and pafled into a law for con- reported on the 29th, and a motion made tinuing the duties upon fait, &c. without for agreeing with the committee, it was any opposition. oppofed by Humphrey Sydenham, Efq ; As to the refolution of the committee William Thornton. Efq ; and admiral p of fupply, in favour of capt. John Vernon, Vernon ; but, without any anfwer, the it proceeded from a petition prefentfd queftion was put and agreed to. Jan. 29, with a recommendation from Feb, 5. The houfe having refolved it- the crown, which was very long, but in felf into a committee of ways and means, fliort fet forth, that the ground upon which Henry Pelham, Efq; gave them an ac- the fort of Shcernefs was built, had been count of what fupplies, it was thought, feized by the crown in the firft Dutch would be neceflary for the current fervice, war in 1664, and that neither the then and what methods might be found to proprietor, nor the petitioner's ancestors, provide for them : among which one was, G to whom the proprietor had conveyed to continue the land tax at 3s. in the his right, had ever obtained any fatisfac- pound, or to reduce it to 2s. in the tion for the fame } therefore he prayed pound, and to make up the deficiency by fuch adequate fetisfa&on and relief as applying the unappropriated money then to the houfe mould feem meet. This p*~ July, 1753. 1* t tm«|> • $« before, f>. 27C. trtitk 9. f See before f>, 269, milk 3, 4, m4 $* Digitized by V^OOQLC

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330 Summary of the lafi Seflion,*/ Parliament. July *ition being referred to a comm'ttee, their amendment, fothat it received the royal report was referred to the committee of artent, with the other hills then ready, fupply, and was the foundation of this on March 8. The oppefition in the houfe resolution. of lords very probably proceeded from And as to the refolution in favour of its being thought, that the laws we had, * the company of merchants trading to tended to defeat their own end, by mak- Africa, it was founded upon an account ing it the intereft of thofe to deitroy the of what had been done towards erecting a game, who alone are able to preferve it ; the fort at Annamaboa, and a plan cf for if every farmer were allowed to kill the faid fort, both which had been laid game in a legal way upon his own ground, before the houfe by oider ; and as the and for his own u(e, they would all company was obliged to erect this fort, take care to prevent poachers, and to in order to prevent the French from fet- preferve the nefts and the young, whicli tling themfelve*, and erecting a fort at they 'alone are in this country able to do, the fame place, therefore the committee Jan. 22, The houfo of commons ap- granted 6oocl. over and above the rocool. pointed a committee, as ufual, t? in- ufually granted for the fupport of that B quire what laws were expired or near ■trade. expiring, and to report their opinion, From this (hort account of the com- which of them were fit to be revived or mittecs of (upply and ways and means continued : and, March 17, Mr. Bacon the reader will fee, that the bills parted reported their refolutions to the houfe, lafl fcflion into laws in conference of when one of them, the third, was read their rcfolut.ons, were, the malt tax bill, a fecond time and agreed to by the houfe, the falt-duty bill, and the bill for grant- and in purfuance thereof the bill for con- ing to his majefty a certain fum of money, ptinuingthe feveral laws relating to the therein mentioned out of the finking fund, punimment of perfons going armed or and for applying certain furplus moneys difguifed, &c. was brought in and patted remaining in the Exchequer, for the fer- into a law. As to the other refolutions of trice of 1751, Sec. As to the refidue of this committee, the 1 ft, ad, 5th, and 6th, -the finking fund for this prefent year, the were referred to the committee of ways reader may obferve from the (late of the and means, becaufe the laws therein national debt, page 270, that it had been mentioned related to drawbacks or duties pre-engaged by an act of the preceding for the regulation of trade; and the fame fefiion, for cancelling 1,400,000!. Exche- D having been, on April 3, agreed to by the quer bills then irtiied ». houfe, upon a report from the faid com- How as to the bills parted into laws mittee, proper claufes were ordered to during laft fcflion which did not pro- be inferted in the laft mentioned bill, pur- pcrly relate to the fupply, the moA im- fuant to the faid refolutions $ fo that no - portant were introduced and parted thi«g now remained of what had been as follows. Jan. 18, The act made in rcfolved on by the expiring law com- the 8th year of the late king, fir the better g mittee, but the 4th refolution relating recovery of the penalties hfiicled upon per jam to the diflemper among the horned cat- fubo deftroy the tame, was, upon motion, tie, which was read and agreed to, April read in the houfe of commons, and leave 30 ; whereupon a bill was brought in and given to bring in a bill to amend the fame, parted into a law, for explaining, amend- by enlarging the time within which fuits mg and continuing the feveral laws to and actions were to be brought : and prevent the fpreading of this diftemper, Sir George Oxendon, and the lord Bar- &c. rington were ordered to p.epare and bring rThU Summary to fr continue! in our next.] in the fame. Accordingly the bill was * ' * preftnted by Sir George Oxendon, Tan 23, The Adventurer of July 10 eonffts of fe- read a firft time, and ordered to be read veral Letters received from Corrcffmdcnt^ a fecond time. This bill parted 'through nobieb are thus introduced : Letters writ- the houfe of commons without oppofi- ten from the Heart and on real Occa- sion, and wai fent to the lords, Feb. 2. fions, though not always decorated But in that houfe the bill was oppofed, with the Flowers of Eloquence, muft and upon the queftion, Feb. 1 3, the be far more ufeful and interesting than houfe was equally divided, there being Q the fludicd Paragraphs of Pliny, or the 31 againft the bill, and -ji for it, where- pompous Declamations of B»>ajred,and?Ftb. 16, igtuittcd &?the common*, without any <fi . * Stt Louden Magazine/-/- lafi j'gr, p% 17^ 2^7, Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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IJ5V Letters to the Adventurer. Queftion fohtd. $%t old gentlewoman in my parirti, a great To^Advintuixr, * rtadcr of religions controverfy, whom „ r ^ 0 _ „ „ ' ft celibacy and the JefTening the intereft of S I R, Smhre-HaU9 June 18. money hare made morofely devout, ac- I AM arrived with Sir Nicolas at this cidentally hearing of my performance, melancholy moated manfion. Would undertook to cenfure me in all companies I could be annihilated during the infup- * witn acrimony and *e*f, as acting incon- portable tedi ufnefs of fummer! We are A fi^ent with the dignity of my publick to fup this evening by day-light (think of character, and as a promoter of debau« that) in the new arbour: My uncle, cner>' and lewdnefs. She has informed poor man, imagines that he has a finer mv f "urch-wardens, that the play-houfe and richer profpec* from thence, than the " thc ^rnple of Satan, and that the firft illuminated villa's at Vaux-hall afford, Chriftians were ftrielly forbidden to enter onlybecaufe he fees a parcel of woods, theatres, as places impure and contagious, and meadows, and blue hills, and corn My con8tcS*t»oiw grow thin 5 my clerk fields. We have been vifited by our only d make» his head, and fears his mailer it neighbour Mrs. Thrifty, who values her- not *° found as he ought to be. I wa* felf for not having been in town thefe ,atcly difcourfing on the beautiful para- ten years, and for not knowing what a blc of tne prodigal fon, and moil unfot- drum rneans. My fifter and I have laid tunately quoted Erafmus's obfervation on a fcheme to plague her, for we have fent lt> ** 9"°m piidtm arg^mtr.f poffct non in- her a card, entreating her to make one at «^X«m text comttdia, * relinquifh all hopes of the fire hun- her drefs ; any milliner wiM explain the dre C=DE, and *= AE=DC from Lj per queft. (See Mr. Stone's figure) LETITIA. Then per Sim, a*», x : H.5S:; x+y . x A ** = x+y x 11 s3, and (47 Euc Totlx AnvENTuaia. 1) ** =,* + TTTJs) : from which two c r ■> p equations, we get x — 23. 16 *i = -t,«. v _i. 17981.84449296} whence *=a 1. 20804 1. 1 denceand knowledge of the world, EP= 9.71 8941 fere. The fides beinr for directions how to extricate myfelf out now found the ^ tes wi„ eafi| foIl * of a great and uncommon dimculty. To A R P enable myfelf to breed up a numerous and the area of A BCD= 10. 1. '16.02c u, family on a fmall preferment, I have A R P been advifed to indulge my natural pro- .- A pn1?-_^ '. 1 «• j m *« peafiiy for poetry, and to write a tragedy : G alfo A PD?=7- *' *' WZt*> and ° AB My defign is to apprentice my eldeft fon A. R, P. to a repuuble tradefinan, with the pro- DP==t7. 1. i9-759915ifcre 5 and confe- fits I mould acquire by the reprefentarion q«cntly the area of the whole field ia of my play, being deterred, by the in- =a5'°'2--929 nearly, prdinate expences of an univerfny edu- Weft-Smitlfield, _ tation, from making him a fcholar. An July 17, 1753, *«*mai T«dp. T t a rh Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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3V Poetical Essays in JULY, 1753. The following Hymn it taken frm Mr. Gray** Poems •, ivbicb art printed i* a weft elegant Manner, ar.d ornamented with Fruittif- fiats, Head pieces and Tail-pieces, fui table to the Subjecl of each Peon, and exquifudy engraved. As few in comparijon can pur - ehafe this Beak* we have felecled, for the Entertainment of our Readers, the an- nexed Plate, being the Frontijpicce to the following Poem, which reprefents Jupiter delivering Infant Virtue to Ad- verfity to be eefucated, Minerva and Her- cules on each Side, JVe doubt not hut it Viill be agreeable to our Readers, and hope the Proprietor iviil be fo good as to excufe our taking this liberty, at ive think fucb 0 beautiful Defign and excellent Poem can- mot be made toopublick. Hymn to ADVERSITY*. DAUGHTER of Jove, rclcntlefs powY, Thou tamer of the human breaft, Whofe iron fcourge and tort' ring hour The bad affright, affli& the bed ! Bound in thy adamantine chain I'he proud are taught to tafte of pain, And purple tyrants vainly groan With pangs unfelt before, uopitied and alone. When firft thy fire to fend on earth Virtue, his darling chiM, defign'd, To thee he gave the heav'nly birth, And bad to form her infant mind. Stern rugged nurfe ! thy rigid lore With patience many a year (be bore ; What forroyv was, thou badft !icr know, And from her own (he learn'd to melt at others woe. Scar'd at thy frown terrlfick, fly * Self pleafing folly's idle brood, Wild laughter, noife, and t ho ugh tie f* m> And leave us fcifure to be good. Light they difperfe, and with them go Thefummer friend, the flattering foe ; By vain profperity receiv'd, To her they vow their trutn, and are again belie v'd. Wifdom in fable garb array'd tmmers'd in rapt'rous thought profound, . And melancholy fitent maid, With leaden eye, thatloves the ground, Still on thy folemn fteps attend : Warm cliarity, the gen'ral friend, With juftice to heifelf fevcre, And pity, dropping foft the fadfy plcafinf tear. Oh, gently on thy fuppliant's head, Dread goddefs, lay thy chait'mng hand ! Not in thy Gorgon terrors clad, Nor circled with the vengeful band (As by the impious thou artfeen) With thund'ruifc voice and threatning mein, With fcreaming horror's fun'ral cry, Dcfpaif, and fell difeafe, and ghaltly po- verty. Thy form benign, Oh goddefs, weas, Thy milder influence impart, Thy philofophick train be there To foftcn, not to wound my heart, The generous fpark extinct revive, Teach me to love and to forgive, ExaG my own defects to fcan, What others are, to feel, and know myffetf a man. 7fe BftiTrsit COUNTRY LIFE. J* Imitation o/Hoiaci. HAPPY who far from bufy crouds, Like man's primeval race, With his own oxen acres plows Paternal, clear of debt. Him neither wars fierce trumpets route, Nor the feas dreadful rage Difmays, the noify bar be mum, And waits not on the (miles Of great ones. Either his domain He marls, or acorns fows, Or poplar plants, or ufeful am, Or prunes his wanton vines. Or eHe in winding vale obfervet His lowing wanderers, Or honey (lows in fi&iles clean, Or (heers his languid iheep. When autumn mild with fruitage crown" 4 Exalts his graceful bead The ruddy peach he gladly plucks Or purple gripe thy gifts, AU bounteous God ; with thanks, how due1? His fervent bofom glows, Now underneath accuftom'd oak, Now on th* impainted grafs Extended j while the loud cafcade, Or dulcet fylvan quire, Or fofteit murmurs of the brook His cafy flumbers charm, And when die wintry welkin lowrs With gathering ftorms and mow, Strong health and manly fports his tube* Supplies, far Slaughtering. Hark ! The diftant fhout or early dawn And fprightly horn bid roufe Now glows the jovial chafe 5 oh btifc When hill and vaHey ring t The lover thus amus'd how foon Forgets to whine r perchance A chafte and loving wife keeps neat His honfe and 4harmdng babes, Her part fuftaming, (happy (late Of wedlock often found Beneath ihatch'd roof !} laborious, rwjft. And funburnt fee betimes Upriflng, whe4efome breakfaft fet* In order, or at ev'n Her weary fpoufe. expecting, rear* The lightfome fire : now folds ' Hex • Mr. Gray is the author of the Elegy written in a Country Cbureh-yard, whitbfet it* «r SUgaimofor 1751* p% 134^ andivbitbii inserted in this colltBion of his potnte.

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Poetical Essays in JULY, 1753. $33 Her milky charge, rejoxd to quit Their fwelling load j now crowns The fparkliog howl, and freely heaps With cheer unbought the board. Great-Britain, plenteous hie, deq>Ue * The jefirft cook, detach'd By fraudful France, with compound fcaft Bxottck to confume Thy health and treafures, and corrupt Thy dreaded virtues, earft Irf Woody batttesfbarryprovM .Avoid the.gaudy bait Of cankerd luxury, oft gorg'd . At White's by thoughtlefr beans, Profufe of honour and eftate. Mote fweet and wholefome far The bam door fowl, or Sunday's fcaft Good beef and dumplin coarfe, Or apples bakM in milick parte High rais'd, with Ceftrian checfe. But chiefly let the garden, heft Of larders yield me choice Of cheer felubrious, roots and pulfe. And blended (allads, ftew'd "With home-fed bacon, fav'ry meal ! Nor the field's native (tores Be fcorn*d, wfld endive, fOrrel four, And healing mallow, balm Of forfeits, highly prix'd of old In venerable fong. Thus feafting, oh what joy, to fee My fleecy Care reversed . On floating mirror, as they graxt Th* enameird banks ! to fee My weary*d oxen iH drag home The proftrate plough ! to fee The merry hail, where rwarm to (jjorts Or tale my vaflal train ! Jthrfi Vernon rhns retiring fpoke ■ And blefle* bis efcape From chancery bar to peaceful groves, But hurries back next term. *T# 4 Lsdy wbo frtfinttd a Gtnthman wrtb m Pair *f RuJUs of her own mtking* rAT which her pearly fingera ■ wrought' nt to her various thought, Shall henceforth with a flow'ry band Encircle round each captive hand. The tyrant of the Pernan throne for chains like tbefe would quit hi* crown. She miftrefs of (uperior (kill, Difdains the rigid force of Aeel | Her pow'rfuJ hand the (lender toys With jnore refidlefs ftreueth employs* - For not our hands alone (he binds, But fixes fetters in our minds, O Chloe, if thefe chains 1 wear. Kind emblems of thy empire are ; How eafy and how (oft (ball be jAj golden hours of davery ? Confin'd to be to beauty true. And bound to lore no nymph hot you* Cm tbi Death ./ a YOUNG LADY* By O* Rolios* I. ANYMP H endu'd with ev'ry charm* The mod obdurate heart to warm, Waa once my darling care t The blooming pink, and damaflc rofe That (weeteft in the garden grows, Were emblems of the fiur. a* In melting (trains, with voice divine* She fuog— the birds in conceit join, But none fo fweet to me, Nor nightingale nor linnet's fong, Nor all the warbling feather' d throng, Could yield foch \g feathered harmony* But now, alas ! to death a prey, The lovely maid is match** away, Whom I in vain lament. For tho' I ne'er can hope relief, My tears will IUH expreis my grief, For this fo sad event. 7# ARTEMISIA. Dr. Klflg*r /ev/toiV* f BeHvUl : ImtauH IF ArteminVs foul can dwell Four hourr in a tiny cell, (To rive that fpece of biifs to me) 1 wait my happiocfr at three. Our Tommy in a jug (hall bring Clear ne&ar from the bubbling (bring \ 4 The cups (hall on the table ftand, - The fugar and the tpoon at hand $ A fltttful hand (hall like wife fpread Soft butter on the yielding bread ; And fat you eat but mighty little, And Ketn an errant foe to vittle) * ' YcVflcry, perhaps, one bit may do,' But I'm refolv'd it (hall be two : With you and your Amanda b!e(h Care flies away from Mlra*s brea(t } O'er (|ubborn flax no more I grieve, But ftick the .needle on my fleever For let them work on holiday, Who won't be idle when they may t If I mu(l fret and labour too, Lake Carkua and Lumberloe ; As well I might, like Simoneef, Be plagu'd with flxty pounds a year. What nymph, that's eloquent and %*y, But owea it chiefly to her tea ? With frtire that fopplies our tongues, And greatly helps the failing lungs. By that aflffted we can fpy A fault with mkrofcoptck eye \ Dined a prude with wondVous art, And read the care of Delia's heart. Now to the company we falL 'Tie roe and Mlra, that is all i More woo'd yoa have— deer Mad im4 then Count me and Mira o'er agen. A * th* Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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334 ^MILLER'S SONG. Sum h Mr. Atkins. jfH^nhWAWbi^MHHn Near the Udcoi a pond at the foot o: ahi., A nee htuiu 1 feu^w at— wii-.t|J j r r i r r rfrfWr tends on his mill: Frdhhcatth bloom g her ftrongrofcy hue o'er his Ace. And •■*' JT f j i r r Oif j p j i { honelty gives e*ea to awkwtrdneA grace. Beflowerd with his meal does he "*!- r f r\T[^yMkr-m * TN esting he takes a full ftrill, Of liquor homebrew^ to- fuccefa of his mill. •WLfCflPitf fCETK f Tnn j I I!, He wakes no nice fcrupte of toil for his trade, For that's an exctte to bis induftry paid 5 His conference is free, and his income is clear, [year j And he values not them of ten thoufand a He's a freehold fufficient to give him a vote, ' At elections be (corns to accept of a groat: He hates your proud placemen, and do what they will [the mill, They ne'er can feduce the (launch man of 3» On Sunday he talks with the barber and prteft, [befl ; And hopes that our (Utefmen do all tor the Tbatthe Spaniards (hall ne'er interrupt our free trade, Nor good Britifli coin be in fubfidies paid $ He fear* the French navy and commerce incrcafe, [have peace 5 * And hie wifhes poor Germany ftiil may Tho' Old England he knows may have ftren^rh and have (kill, [mill. Tcprotedt all her manors and fave his owm 4- With this boned hope he goes home tc> his work, [fork, And if water is fcanty, he takes up hit And over the meadows he fca tiers his hay* Or with the AifT plow turns up furrows of clay, [g)et» His harvest is crown'd with a good Englimr That his country may ever be happy and free 5 fdoes he fill*. With his hand and his heart to king George* And may all loyal foul* a& the man of the mill.' Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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Poetical Essays mJULY, 1753- ^New MINUET. 335 NftltfP Pf^iiOTTfiJfflWg^ -g^\tf^u\wam pfiPJUJjIJ J~J. IJ IMn- WINTER. WINTER rears his hoar^ head, The trees their leafy honours flied 5 The flowers withdraw into the earth, Till fpring and zephyrs give them birth : The cattle mudder in the ftall, Whiifl rains or fleecy fnows do fall. The plowman o're the froft bound foil, . "With arms acrofs, does all day toil j Bat feated by the fire at night, Views his part labour with delight j A.nd9 as the nappy ale he quaffs, He outs his jokes, and hearty laughs : The livelong night he deeps amiin, Then chearfuHy to work again. The youth flcim over lakes and ponds, Bound in winter's icy bonds, J£*«r the fun, at noon of day, Has Joofc'd their pleafure all away, The huntfman now the early morn Salutes with ch earful hound and horn ; Happy, if he can find poor pufs 5 Nor hedge nor ditch then ftops his cour(e| Exulting o'er the fields he flies, Following with joy the pack's loud cries s Her cunning fhifts me tries in vain, Torn by the greedy jaws, (he's flain. But foon (nail fmiling fpring appear. With all the glories of the year j And put an end to winter's reign, Till ieafons are revolv'd again. Soliloquy, on an empty Puns*. ALAS ! my purfe ! how lean and low ! My filken purfe ! what art thou now! Once I beheld— but flocks will fall- When both thy ends had wherewithal. When I within thy flender fence My fortune plac'd, and confidence 5 A poet's fortune— not immenfc : 1 Vet, 1 Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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Jl« Tatital Essay! in JULY, 175$." yet, mint with keys, and coins among, Chink'd to the melody of long. • Canft thou, forget w£en high inair, I faw thee flutt'ring^at a fair ? An Then lead the dance in jocund mood, Let us enjoy the prcfent good j Let us in riot tyend the hours, Regardlefs of faperior powers : Let us partake the lufcious feair. And every youthful folly tafte : Lot's quaff the midnight (parkang bowl, Let's drown both body, and the foul ; Let's toafteach young, and blooming fair, To rain them be all our care > Let ev'ry rich perfume be ours, Let's early match the rifing flow'rs ; With flaming rofe buds, crown our brows To match our cheeks, while we caroufe j Let us foduce our neighbour's wife, Like heroes fail the fea of life $ Give up religion to the wind, • Leave trophies of our wit behind, That fons unborn our track may find. But check, profane ! your wild career And lend the preacher once, an ear : *Tis ftx'd, (0)1 \ let the truth (Irike'home) you muit for this to judgment come. Euszbius. Occafioned by Reading in the Papers, thai Mr. Virnin bad a Flag given him, after many Years Retirement, near Ipfwich in Suffolk ; and was about being fent with a Sfuadron to the Weft-Indies. fVrittem in the Year 1739. EXTEMPORE. VICE admiral Vernon !— Ipfwich!-. Suffolk !-how ! Another Cincinnstus • from the plough ! On the great Roman name may hetmprove, Infpir'd with nobler principles of patriot love, [name, And, with the merits of his private Aflert the glory of his country's fame. In thefe loofe lines (what can the mortal blind r) [confin'd ! Lie Vernon's and his country's fate No more !— Be all prophetick views fup- preft, [the reft! And leave, to time and Spain to tell J. RHUDDE. Late chaplain in the royal navy of Great-Britain, and rector of St. Mary's, Jamaica ; now vicar of Portefham, Doriet. THE Our life's an ember in the heart, Which quenched once, tlie body muft i urn to its origin— the duftj , • A Roman Jenator, who, hang tolled f,cm his rvral retire**, *»>»'** difUtor h and 'bavir? performed frjjai peat aihnx, njigut tint hgh ffie, tf/ir MA*g it «y gap »l'. Livy Vi. %%+ a$. Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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T H Monthly Chronologer. $Y the ace to prevent chn- deftine marriages, nafled hft feffion, it is ordered, That the banns of maw trimoay fhall be pub- liihed on three Sundays preceding die foteaniza- to beTead four times a year in all churches or chapels, and no* thing in it to extend to the royal family, Quakers, Jews, Scotland, or parts be- yond die teas j and that fpecial licences are to be granted aa ufual. This act does not take place rill the 35th of March* *754* By the a& far licenfing alchoefes hi England, the juftices, on granting a li- cenie, are to take a recognizance of iol« with fureties in the like nun, for the k> eenfed perfon's maintaining good order j and none are to have their licence rer newed without a ceruncatoof good fame. Sellers of ale, and other liquors, with- out licence are to forfeit 40*. for the fir* offence, al. for the fecond, and 61* for the third. * The aft for the amendment and pre* , /ervation of the turnpike roads of this kingdom, and to encourage the ufe of broad wheels, permits waggons with wheels nine inches broad to be draw* with eight nodes, and carts with five, without being liable 10 be weighed, or to forfeit. After Sept. 24, (when the turnpike truftecs are to caufc the nits to be levelled, and the roads to be widened) owners of travelling waggons with nar- rower wheels than* nine inches, are to forfeit $j, or a herfe. There was an account from Fort- Wil- liam, near Inverness in Scotland, that fe- veral of the king's (hips had been ci uifing fince March lafl off Lochaber, and among the Weftern Ifles, the government having Jhad information that arms, ammunition* Sec. were landed in thofe parts from France, and fome of the rebel chiefs re* turned to the Highlands and Ifles, to fpi- rit up their friends, and enlift men for She fervice of the Pretender* That one of their captains was foot , at Inverlocby, having refuted to furrender, and wound- ing one of the king's officers! and three V u others Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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338 *bt MONTHLY CHRONOLOGER. July ethers fttrrtodtreJ. Thtt on the aftth of May, Ctpt. Fergufon, of hit majeity's mis* tht Porcupine, took four in the Hie of Sky. and had them prjfonen on board. That there were feveral companies of the army in different part*, in oueft of others, moil of whom were fculking in the ifland, in order to get off. On June aS was pet up at 5^ Bar- tholomew's Hofpital, a curious piece of marble, with the following inferiptson. it. Btrtholomew*s Hofpital, for tlie ro» lief of flck, lame, and poor, was found- ed by Rahere in uoa, and after the dif- foloijon of raonafterioS, was granted by JC. Henry VIII. to the mayor, com* frmnalty, and citizens of London, in the -year of our Lord 1547 j but being greatly decayed, was rebuilt and enlarged by the volontary AjWcripttons and charitable do- •nations of many of. the worthy .govcr> -non, and other pious and welLdifpcesd perfons, given and appropriated for that purpose only. .This building was ©reded in the year «7jo, in the mayoralty of Sir Richard Brocas, Knt. prefident, and $*- *jnucl Palmer, Eftjj treasurer. - On the aoth a wasrant was granted by alderman Rawunfon,. for the apprehend- ing Elisabeth Canning, a bill of indtel*- mem having been found againft her at the laft fcffioo* at the OldoBailcy, for wilful and corrupt perjury. (See p. not.) When the proper officers went to iee for her among her .friend*, they were defirod to come the nexto>y at eleven o'clock in the morning, which they complied with 5 and when, according to appoint- ment, they called, they were again told, they muft call another time, for that lb feriou**>* ***** killed, and about 50 wounded.— -Bet the number of killed and wounded has been vsrioufly reported. The laft account says, that the number c/ the (lain, and those fines dead est their wounds, amount to zo only j that *a more wore wounded, of which aa at leaft were in a fair way of recovery. Tussoay, July 10. A caufe waa brought on to be tried in the couit of KingVBonch at CuiWbal^ before the lord chief juftice Lee, wherein a perfon who keeps a publics* bouie is> Leaden hall -ft rest was plaintiff, and a cbimney-fweener defendant. T^e acHon was laid for damage done fey the defesv dant in breaking a panncl in a feat in trap plaintiff's houfe, the repairing whereof was proved to coft no rnore {a*»j&rec*- pence, which the defendant bad ■**& whereupon the plaintiff was nosrfustod ^ and the lord chief juftice gave a wary *V ' yere reprimand tp (he attorney, vrtstreisi Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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ift3. nt MONTHLY CftkONOLOCSER. 339 bodies were carried to Surgeone-Hall, Peers to be anatomized, and the other fie told him, that the fomenting and car- rying on fuch trifbng, litigious fairs, was * great means of calling an odium Upon the whole profeffion. This day, between the hours of ten and eleven in the forenoon, a fire broke out a Holme's chapel in Cheshire, which burnt down and confumed the whole place, confirming of about 10 houfes, ex- cept the Old Red-Lion Inn and two other houfes. Thursday, 12. Wa* held a general court of the gover- nors of ChriftVs Hofpita), for the eleaioh of an upper matter of the grammar- school, in the room of the ReV. Mr. Hea- therly, preferred to the vicarage of Cla- Vering cum Langley, in the county of Ef- fex ; when the Rev. Mr. Townley, one of the mailers of Merchant-Taylor's fehool, was chofen oy a great majority. At the fame court a gratuity of 10I. was ordered to the Rev. Mr* Richardfon; under matter, and it was refolved to chufe him an afllft- ant, with a falary of 40I. per annum. Wednesday, iS. This day 64 Whole barrels, 26 half barrels, and 10 1 kegs of the fociety's pickled herrings, brought from Shetland, were fold at the Royal Exchange Coffee- houfe, Threadneedle ftreet : The whole barrels fold on an average at 51s. the half barrels at 24s. and the kegs at 16s. od. each. Our whale fl/hery was very fuccefsral this year, for the (hips from London have caught 71 whales ; from Whitby * 5 ltfewcaftJe 5 5 Yarmouth 1 5 Leith % 5 GlafgoW 3 j Dundee 1 j Aberdeen 5 j Briftol 1 5 Liverpool 6. Friday, 20. At the feffions at the Old Bailey, John 5 toe kd ale and Chriftopher Jbhnfon were capitally convicted for the murder of Za- chary Gardiner the poftman, (fee p. 292.) and William Peers for the murder of his wife. They received fentence immedi- ately upon conviciitm, according to the late act of parliament. Saturday* 21. The feffions ended at the Old- Bailey, when the Ave following other malefactors received fentence of death, vis. Milticetyt Clifby, for a burglary: Thomas Buck- more, for a highway robbery : Anne Ro- bertfon, tor privately ftealing a gold watch from Peter Hendrick Vanfandrick j Tames Williams, for ftealing a gold watch, «c out pf a dwelling-houfe 5 and Tho- tnas TWyrtbrow,^ for a highway robbery. Monday, zj. Stockdale, Johnfon, and Peers, above- meamoned, Were executed at Tyburn for murder, purfuaatto their ftntenee« Their two to be hung in chains near the place where the murder was committed* (See p. 292.) Johnfon was To ill at the place of exe- cution, that He cOtiW not fpeak. Stock- dale, before he was lurned off, deflrea* tO fpeak with the under fheriff, who com- ing up, he told him, as he was a dying man, and going to anfwer for his con- dud in this woFld, he did not intend to murder the penny poftman, but that the piftol went off accidentally : The gentle^ man aflced him concerning a report that was current, whether he did not laugh at the deceafed when I>c faw him in bis ago- nies j which he denied, but feemed ftart> led at the queftion being put to him. He farther aflced, whether he and Johnfon did not rob the day after killing the poft- man, and if he did not fire at a perfoti they ftopt upon Hounflow-Heath f his anrwer was, not oh HounfloW- Heath, but near Vxbridge § that he did not fire a piftol, but that Johnfon had in his hand the fame piftol whieh (hot the poft- man, and that it went off again acciden- tally as it had done the day before. Peers likewife declared he had no defien to murder, that provocation and abufive language got the better of his reafoir, and excited him to commit that ac*bots which occanened his unhappy end. There was a further hearing before the lord chancellor, the two chief juiHees and Chief baron, in relation to the difpute between Dr. Schemberg and the College of phyficians, about their not admitting him as a fellow. Tlie queftion before them was, Whether their iordfhips had a visitatorial right over the college, when they gave it as their opinion, that tapy had not. MABtlAOlt tfttf BiaTM*. June 24^ \yfR. James Eflex, an emi- I V I • Rent builder in Cambridge, to Mifs Thurlbourn, daughter of Mf. Thur! bourn, bookfclkr. 28. Capt. Killigrewj aid-de-camp to the duke of Dorfet, to Mrs. Vandewafl, of Bourten on the Water in Gloeccfter- fliire. William Southwell, Efiq; brotlier to the Rt. Hon. Edward Southwell, Efq; fe- cretary of State for Ireland, at the Eng- glifh Ambaflador's chapel at Paris, to Mift Pye, fitter of Henry Pye, Efq$ knight of the mire for Berjcs. July 4,. John Fleming, Efqj to the Hon. Mtft Jane Colemapj nuce to the duke of Somerfet. . V u a U Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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34© MARRIAGES, DEATHS, &* Jaly , S. MarceJIas Ofborne, of the Inner- Temple, Efq; to Mifs Fox, an heireft of 4001. per aim. in Effex. 10. Thomas Dawfon, of Southwark, Efq; in the commiflion of the peace for Surrey, to Mrt. Venables. Hickford, Efq; to Mifs He- luckie, daughter to John Hcluckie, Efq; fteward to his voyal higbnefs the duke of Cumberland. 12. Humphrey Edlin of Walton, Efq$ to Mifs Rogers of Colnbrook, 14. Dr. Richard Rock of Ludgate-hill, to Mifs Elizabeth Thompfon, a teacher of the boarding- fchool at Newington, in Surrey. Richard Nicholas, Efq; of Hackney, to Mifs* Anne Hartley, niece to Sir Wil- liam Penfon, Bart, an heirefs of 700I. per annum. Matthew Bateman, of Whitechapel, 3:fq: to Mifs Hannah Coker. 18. Sir Robert Burdett, Bart, member for Tamworth in Staffordmire, to lady Caroline Harpur, relict of the late Sir Henry Harpur, Bart, and lifter to the duke of Rutland. Thomas Matthews, of Chemunt in Hertfordflure, Efq; to Mifs Befwick, of Low- Lay ton. ai. Henry Bambrigg Buckeride, Efq; of QueenViquare, to Mife Kitty Pin- fold, daughter of Dr. Pinfold, of the fame place. 23. Hon. Alexander Drury, Efq; lieut. col. of the firft regiment of foot-guards, to Mifs Ifabella Turner, youngeft daugh- ter of Edmund Turner, Efq; of Storke, f n Lincolnshire. Henry Simons, Efq; folicitor at the Cuftom-houfe, to. Mif* Elizabeth Mafter- man, eldeft daughter of Henry MaAcr- tnan, Efq; clerk of the crown. 24. Rt. Hon. lord Cathcart, to the Hon. Mifs Hamilton, daughter to lord Archibald Hamilton, governor of Green- wich- Hofpital. 2 j. „-.«... Ereeman, Efiu of Spring- l^araens, to Mifs Manly, of Southamp- ton- row. 27. Hon. Francis Seymour, . Efq; of Jiampfhirc, poffefled of a large eftate, to Jady Caroline Cowper,ufter to earl Cowper, July 2. The lady of Matthew Ridley, Efq; member for Newcaftle upon Tync, delivered of a fon. * 5- Rt. Hon. the countefs of Hadding- ,lon, of a fon and heir. 9. The lady Elizabeth Waldegrave, trife of coL Waldegrave, of a fon. 22. The lady of the bi&op of Chefter of a fon. 24. The lady of John Bond, Efq; jfttmber for Corf-Caftlej of a (on. Deaths* LADY Stap the hue Sir William Sta- pkton, Bart, 29. William Billinghurft, Efq; at Mitchara in Surrey, in the ccWuwoo of the peace for that county. 30. The lady Dyke Aclaqd, wife of Sir Thomas Dyke Adand, Bart. July 1. William Corbett, Efq; one of the commifiloners of bis majefty's navy. Rev. Thomas Harrifon, B. D. Hebrew profeflbr in the university of Cambridge. 2. Rev. Mr. John Peter Stehelin, F. R. S. miniiler of the French church near Lekefter-fieWs : He was remarkable for having made himfelf mailer of die following languages, viz. Hebrew, Greek, Latin, Engiilh, French, German, Ita- lian. Dantfh, Dutch, Coptkk, Armenian, Syriack, Arabick, Chaldean, Gothic^ old Tudefco or Druid, Anglo-Saxon ; be* fides Spanifh, Portuguefe, and Welch. John Murray, Efq; member of parliar men t for the (hire of Selkirk. 3. John Hill, Efq; member of parlia- ment for Higham-Ferrers in JJorthampw tonfhire. Robert Chapman, LL. D. at his boufe in Doctors Commons* 4. Mr. Jofeph Pomfret, formerly a lace merchant in St. Paul's Church-yard. 6. Richard Churchill, Efq; knight of the (hire for Lincolnshire, in* the firft and fecond parliament of his late majefty. 5. Rt. Hon* Thomas Fermor, earl of Pomfret, baron of Lempfter, knight of the Bath, and Baronet, ranger and keeper of St. James* s and Hyde parks. Lady Cecilia Garrard, relief of Sir Ni- cholas Garrard, Bart, by whole death an eftateof io*ol. per annum devolves to Sir Jacob Garrard Downing, Bart. 13. James Henderfon, Efq; treafurer to the fociety for the propagation of the gofpel in foreign parts, folicitor to queen Anne's bounty, and receiver of the firft fruits of the clergy. Mr. Stork*, an eminent Weft- India merchant. John Voyce, Efq; mayor of Sudbury, and commilrioner of the land-tax for Suffolk. 14. John Powet, Efq; in the conunif- flon of the peace for Aftddlefex and Weft- minder. Chriftopher Lowe, Efioj one of the clerks of the treafury. Lady.vlfcountefs Dupplin, the lady of lord viicpunt Dupplin. 1 5« PniEp Stevens, Efq ; formerly an Italian merchant, at tu& feat near On$af» ■iu &<&*, fa. Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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PROMOTIONS, BANKRUPTS, fcc. 34* "753 - tS. Mr. Andrew Mitchell, an eminent apothecary in Pal^Mail. ao. Alexander Hay, Bfq; laft year Ingb-ibcfiff of Suffer. Lieut, gen. Panton, the oldeft lieut, general in the army. Philip Vanbrugh, Efq; commiflioncc of the navy, refident at Plymouth-yard. 27. Abel Fonnerau, Efq; an eminent merchant, and one of the directors of the Saft-India company. Ecclesiastical P* aria mints. MR. Paul Wright, vicar of Ugley, preiented by the governors of Chnft's-Horpital, to the donative of Bur- den, which the late Mr. Selby enjoyed, with the vicarage of Clavering cum Lang- ley.— Mr. Jones, jun. organift of the Temple, chofen by the governors, orga- nift of the Charterhoufe, in the room of XH-. Pepufch, deceaied. — Mr. William Coftling, preiented by the dean and chap- ter of Canterbury, to the vicarage of Stone, in the Iue of Oxney— Mr. Maw- fon, to the vicarage of Deepham, in Norfoik.— Mr. William Wade, by the archbiihop of Canterbury, to the vica- rage of Midiy, near Queenborough, in Kent. — Samuel Nichols, IX. D. pro- moted by his majefty to the office or place of mafter of the Temple, in the room of the biihop of London, who rcfigned'.— Mr. Herring prefented to the rectory of Deal, near Dover, in Kent,— Mr. Peir- fbn, by lord Iichefter, to the rectory of Puddimore- Milton, in Somerfetfhire. — Mr. Richardfon, of Epping, in Efiex, by the bifhop of London, to the living of Finciiinhekl in the faid county. — — — Biddulph, M. A. by Robert Biddurph, ,E/qj to the rectory of Coringham, in Eflex.— - Mr. Daniel Thomas- Adams, by the biihop of Rochefter, to the vicarage of Weftmoor in Kent.— Charles Bedford, M . A. to the vicarage of New Anick, in Cornwall. — Mr. Richard Levett, by the carl of Salisbury, to the rectory of Little Barkhamftead in Hertfordfliire, — Mr. Cafon, by the biihop of Norwich, to the Vicarage of Ming, in Suffolk. Promotions Civil and Military* From the London Gaixttk. WHitehall, July a. The king has ap- pointed Sir William Owen, Bart, to be lieutenant and cuftos rotuiorum of Pembrokefhire, and of the town and county of Haverford-Weftt And Ifaac Jamineau, Efqj to be his conful general at Naples. Whitehall, July 3. The king has ap- pointed Nathaniel Manlove, William J|fiJ«s, Cholmondley Bieretpo, and Geo. Biron, Efqrs. to be lieutenants, and Jo- feph Hudfon, Gent, adjutant, in the firil regiment of foot-guards. — John Claver* tog, and Chadwahadar Blaney, Efqrs. to be captains) Charles Vernon, Efqj a captain lieutenant, and Thomas D'Ave- nant, Efq; lieutenant in the Coldftreani regiment of foot- guards. —John Furbar, and Marifcoe Frederick, Efqrs. to be cap- tains, John Wells, Efqj a captain lieu* tenant, and William Hamilton and Tho- mas Wallace, Efqrs. lieutenants in the third regiment of foot-guards*— Thomas Briftow, Eftjj to be captain of a com- pany in lieutenant-general Pulteney's re* giment, and Digby Berkeley, Efqj major to lieutenant-general Johnfon's regiment of foot. Whitehall, July 14* The king has ap- pointed the earl of Aihburnham to be keeper of Hyde-park, in the room of the lace earl of Pomfret. Whitehall, July a8. Robert Coney, Efq} appointed by his majefty one of the coro> miffioners for appeals and regulating the duties of excife. From the other PAPXas. Enfign Charles Stanhope, of the third regiment of foot guards, made a captaia on the Irifli eftab&hment.— Edward Her- bert, Efq; made comptroller of the cus- toms in the port of Chefter.— William Brough, Efqj made marmal of the high court of admiralty*— Matthew Pleydell, Efq; made ftore-keeper of Keniington palace. B— JCR— TS. MARY Lawes, of Norwich, milli- ner.—Elizabeth Brown, of Dul- , verton, in Somerfetfoire, cbapwoman.-* Edward Backhoufe, now or late of the Minories, hofier.— Andrew BraughalJ, of the pari/h of St. James, within the li- berty of Weftminfter, brazier, broker* and dealer.— Edm. Stevens the younger, of Deptford, in Kent, brewer.— Pusy Caifter, of the parith of St. Martin in, the Fields, victualler. — Samuel Philip*, of Norwich, butcher, dealer and jobber* —William Satterthwaite, of Lancafter, merchant. — Charles Prefton, of Wide- gate-alley, near Bilhopfgate .ftreet,weavec, and dealer. — Richard Wanfbrough, of Trowbridge, Wilts, clothier.*— John Scott, of Norwich, linen-draper and milliner. —Herbert Bedford, of *Haverford- Weft, (hipwright.— Jofeph Marpks of Biraopt- gate-ftreet, vmtner.— John Slemaker, of St. PauFs, Shadwell,blockmaker.— Tho- mas Lodge, of Norwich, money fcrive- ner.— John Clement, of Angel-conrt, in Throgmorton-ftreet, broker.— John Sar vidfe> of J9 wer-ftrcet, cooper and turner. Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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FOREIGN AFFAIRS, 1753.* 54* OU R lift accounts from Vienna fay, that prince Vencefiaus of Litchen- ftein has had one of his fineft feats which was on the confines of Saxony, deftroyed by fire, of which a Jew is laid to be the author, in revenge of the prince* 1 refufing to renew an advantageous leafe of a farm he was poflefled of, which is a frefh in- fiance 01 the implacable revenge fo natural to that people 2 and this natural difpofi- tlon of theirs thews how neceflary thole ftrlcz injunctions were, which we have in the gofjpel agairtft refentment and revenge. From Wilna in Poland, June 11, we have an- inftance equally thockine of po- pfth revenge againft a Jew, as follows : The court of Judicature in this city pro- nounced fcntenoe a few days ago againft an apoftate, named Raphael Sentimany, a native of Croatia, who after being edu- cated in the ehriftsaft religion, renounced it at the age of 12 years, embraced Ju« daifm, and took thd name of Abraham Kacowicz. While he was in rkifon, feve- tal zealous prieftt daily vifited him, mew. Ing him the heinoufoefc of the crime of apoftafy, and exorring him to repent and return to the church j and lor a day w two they had (bme hopes of reclaim- ing him : But they foon found themfelves miftaken j he was fo hardned, that nei- ther the torments he was to fafier, nor the offer of a pardon, could make any fan- preffion on him. The oth inftant he was led to execution 1 Being arrived under the gallows, the executioner plucked out his tongue, and flung it Into the fire before his face ; and then, with his hands tied behind him, he was thrown alive into a heap of blaring faggots. When his body was confumed, the afhes were fcatterCd in the wind. This poor wretch fufltred death with great resolution ; not fo much as a groan; or the lead fign of fear having efcaped finom him. From Copenhagen they write, that the Jews of that city are like to pay for a proceeding prompted by their zeal for re- ligion : A young; man of their nation, named Lazarus, applied fome time ago to a Lutheran prieft in order to be in- truded in the chriftian religion j and he was accordingly received, placed in a private houfe, and topper ted by means of a penfion obtained from the king. This Lazarus, being invited to fup at a houfe In the principal quarter of the Jews, he was permitted to go thither, but has never fince appeared ; and it is averred, lhat he was trepanned, and fent away. Thebimop having informed the court of It, his majesty has ordered the Jews to produce this young man in a certain time, on pain of forfeiting eight thomand Car* The town and diftria of St. Rem* near the wtftern border of the Genoese territory rebelled lately againft that re- public*, and confined the marquis Doria their governor, on account of fome new impositions which they refufed to pay, as being contrary to. the articles upon' which they firft fubmitted to the re* publick ; but when a weak ftate fubmits to a ftronger, asticlee are of no great fignification. As foon as the repub*- lick had notice of the rebellion, they or- . dered a rniall (quadron to be fitted out With 600 regular troops and all noceflafy materials on board, under the command of M. Aguftlne Pinelei* which failed in a few days, with directions, that if the inhabitants did not fubmit immediately at difcretion, and comply with every thing she repubtick demanded, to fhew them no mercy, and to lay the town in afliet. jOn the 13th ult. this fcfuadron arrived' before St. Remo, and on the in- habitants refufing to fubmit, began to bombard the town, which the rebels an- fwered with fome finall cannon, without doing mtich damage. On the 14th M. PineUi having landed his troops without oppofition, and beat the rebels from their intrenchments, they defired to capitulate*, wtiich was rejected with indignation, fo that they were obliged to futtender at difcretion, and fix of the ringleaders were next day hanged, but none of the poor mified people were made to fuflef . How- ever, the republics: have fince imprifonetl the magistrates, and impofed a fine of 2 00,000 livres upon the town, befides de- priving them of their charter. From Munfter We hear, that there has lately been a fort of conteft between that regency and the regency of Hanover, a- bout the purchafe of the tittle principality of fienthdm upon the frontier of Overyffel, one of the Dutch united provinces $ but that the former were a little too late in their application, the agreement having been before concluded by the regency of Hanover. Smyrna, May % $. In the night between the 14th and 15th Inft. A fire broke out in the quarter of the Armenians, which deftroyed feveral houfes and magazines belonging to the merchants of tbit na- tion, and would probably have fpread a great deal farther, if a Hop had not been put to it by the EnglUh and Dutch 'factors fettled there, by means of then- Are engines. Among the houfes burnt was that of Signor Aviet de Babijan, an Armenia^, who, with his wife, then in the laft month of her pregnancy, his fofi and daughter, and five of his domefticks, pertthed in the flames. Dtv» Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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tbi Monthly Catalogue for July, 1753.' 343 t>IVI1MTY *nd C0NTB0VX2ST« i# ^contemplations on the Ocean, Hir- Vj veft, Sicknefs, and the laft Judg- ment. By R. Pcarfall, pr. as. 6d. Buck- land. 2. Family Devotions, pr. is. 6d. Grif- fiths. 3. TheophiUis to Gains, pr. 6d. Noon. MltCItLANlOVS. 4. An Eflay on the Government of Children. By J. Nelfon, pr. 5s. Dodfley. 5. An Introdu&ion to Book-keeping. By J. Sbortland, pr. is. 6d. Fuller. 6. A Letter to the Publick, on the Sub- ject of dandeftine Marriages, pr. is. MarO). 7*. The Hon. Thomas Hervey's Letter to Sir Wm. Bunbury, pr. 6d. Carpenter. 8. The honeft Country Quaker's Speech, pr. 6d. Carpenter. 9. An Enquiry into the legal Confti- . tution of the College of Phyncians, pr. is. 6d. ' Noon. > to. 4 Lett*? from a Clergyman con- cerning t|ie affair of Elizabeth Canning, pr. is. ■ Seddon* 11. Hypatia, pr. 6d. Cooper. 12. APrjopofalfbrafrccandunexpen- - five Election of Parliament-men, pr. is. Fuller. 13. An Account of the late Applica- tion to Parliament of the Sugar Refiner*, Grocers, &c. pr. 6d* Brotnerton. ' 14. An earned Perfuati ve to the Jews, . pr. 6d. Withers. 15. A full Anfwerto a fallacious Apo- logy for the Jews; pr. 6d. Fox. 16. A\n hiftorical treatife oflews and Judaifjn in England, pr. 6d. Baldwin. 17. The lives and Characters of Aelore and A&reflee, Part I. By T. Cibber, Ip*. *s. Griffiths. 18. The Infpecwr Infpetted, pr. 6d. --Bouquet. 19. An alphabetical Collection of Max- ims, Principles or Rules, Definitions and memorable Sayings in Law and Equity, pr. 2s. Worral. * 20. Remarks on the Minute Philoso- pher, pr. is. Robinfon. 7,1* Remarks on Lord Bolingbroke's fetter to Sir W. Wyndham, pr. is. Cooper. 22. Obfervationa on the Greek and Roman Claflteks, pr. 3$. Browne. 2 3 . Elizabeth Canning's Story difplay'd, or. is. Cooper. 24. An Eflay on Sacred Harmony, pr. 6d. Owen* ' 25. Thoughts on the Reafonablenefs of a general Naturalisation, pr. 6d. H, Cox. * 26. Treafon, &c. confidered $> with Remarks upon the cafe of Dr. Cameron, pr. 6d. Corbett. * 27. A Letter upon Churches being fo purely forfaken, pr. $d, Bizet. 28. A Letter concerning the Ufe of ftudying Hiftory. By J. Petvin, M. A. 29. A Difcourfe of the Poor. By R. North, Eiqj pr. is. Cooper. Phtsick. 30. An Eflay on the Hydrophobia. By C. Nugent, M. D. Cooper. 11. Remarks upon the PeftDence and peftilential Difeafea. By W. Hird, M. D. pr. is. 6d. Innys. 12. A Defence of the Letter to Dr. Lobb, pr. is. Roberts. 93. A Diflertation concerning the Ufe of Sea Water in the Difeafes of the Glands, Sec, By R. Ruflel, M. D. pr. 59. Ri- vington. PoXTftV and EnTltTAIMMlKT. 3A. Scotch and Englifh Poems, pr. as. Baldwin. 35. The Song of Deborah, reduced to Metre. By Vf. Green, M. A. pr. is. Dod. 36. Tranflation; a Poem. By T« Franklin, pr. is. Cooper. 37. Verfts written by M. Voltaire to the K. of Pruflia, pr. 6d. Cooper. 38. The firft Six Books of Virgil's jEneid. Tranflated into blank Verfe. -By A. Strahan^Bfi}} pr. 42. Payne. 39. Merit j a Poem. By H. Jones* pr. is. Dodfley. 40. Taftes An EpifUe to a young Cri- tick, pr. is. Griffiths* 41. Eloge de la Ville D'Edinboojg, pr. 2S. Wilfon. 42. ShakeTpear iOuftrated, pr. 6s. Mil* lar. 43. Letters from Julia, the daughter of Auguftus, to Ovid, pr. 2s. lowed. , L. Davis. 44. The Temple of Gnidon, pr. as. fewed. Swan. 45. Paradifas Amiflus. Poema Joannie Miltoni, Latino redditum, a G. Dobfon, LL. B. In 2 Vols. Ato. Manby. 46. The Works of Virgil. Tranflated by Mr. Pitt and Mr. Walton. In 4 Vols. Svo. pr. 20s. Dodfley. 47. The Works of Aaron Hill, Efqi In a vols. 8vo. 48. An Eflay on Ridicule, pr. is. 6d. Millar. 49. The Life and Hiftory of a Pilgrim, pr. 3s. Whifton. 50. An Ode on Benevolence. By S. Beckingham, Efqj pr. is. Dodfley. 51. Poems by Mr. Grey, with Deflgna by Mr. Bentley, pr. 10s. 6d. Dodfley. (Seep. 332.) 52. Sylla, a Dramatick Entertainment, pr. is. Bouquet. 53. ATranflatlonofthe 10th Satyr of Juvenal. By R. ffingefton, M. A. pr. is. Dod. VTo bt cvntinmd in our next,] faicgf Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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CONTENTS. TRIAL of John Barbot, at St. Chri- ftopher's in the Weft=fndtes, -fbr the murder of Matthew Mills, Efq; 347 His defence 350 A genuine account of the manner qf making beft Ruflia pot-afhes 3 51 Extract from Dr. Addington, of the fea fcurvy ibid. A defcrlption of the county of York 3 52 The Journal of a learned and political Club, Sec. continued 353—^67 Speech of Servilius Prifcus on the bill to permit perfons profefiing the Jewim religion to be naturalized by parlia- ment 353—35* Debate on the bill for the better pre- venting of clandestine marriages 356— . . 367 Speech x>f Arrianus Matunus in favour of the bill 356 A recital of former laws relating to mar- riages 3 pole 37* Queries propofed to the circuiteercrs of Great-Britain .379 The furprizing French periwig- maker's comical advertifement 380 Claufes propofed to be added to the late ad againft clandestine marriages 381 Poetey. Young Dorilas, a new fong, fet to rrrofick 38a A new country dance , 383 To the Rt. Hon. the lord Boyle, on his ibid. 3*4 ibid. Ibid. n late marriage to Mifs Hoare An addrefs to the mufe To a friend The charms of Sally The head-ach, to Aurelia Epitaph on brigadier general Hill Epitaph on a young nobleman, killed in an engagement at fea ibi 39* N. B. As thejpeeehes of feme of the mothers oftbe Political Clmb> befidestbofe already me** have beat lately Jent in to us, we Jhall infert tbcfe upon the Jews bill in emr next $ and ok fuck as may hereafter be lent in, upon that or any other JubjoS, we JbaUtake tare togrue in the mam following, or feme future mouth, A beautiful View of Tork, with a dtfeription of that city, Jhall be in our next* (£3» Receipts for coffoMiug the Land Tax and Window Lissits, areghnm Gratis by R. Baldwin, Bookfeller, at the Rofe #• Pater-Nofter-Row, Digitized by VjOOQIC

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t H E London Magazine. AUGUST, 1753. Tiial*/ JOHN BARBOT, at St. Chriftopher**, in the Weft-Indict, fir tbt Murder of MATT. MILLS, Efq\ 7S the trial, condemna- tion, and execution of 1 John Barbot, attorney at Jaw, for the murder St. Chriftopher's, and fell very foon into considerable practice there; fo that before this unlucky affair happened, he had got about 800I. before-hand ; and as he had always been employed by Dr. Webbe and his family, he was prevailed on by the do&or to fet up as the purchaser of his eftate at the fale, which he was en- of Matthew Mills, Efq; A abled to do, by a gentleman's undertaking in the ifland of St. Chrif- topher's, has of late been a fubjett of converfa- tion, and contains fome very extraordi- nary circumftances, we mall give our readers a /hort account of it, beginning with as exa& an hiftory of the perfons chiefly concerned as we can colled. Matthew Mill** E^> vras a rich planter of the ifland of St. Chriftopher's, a gen- tleman of a general good character, and highly efteemed in that ifland; and he was, it feems, a conuderable creditor up- on the eftate of Dr. James Webbe, who had always been a great friend to Mr. Barbot, and whofe eftate -in the ifland of to endorfe his bills for the third part of the price, as that part of the price wat to be immediately depofited in good billa of exchange, by the conditions of fale ; and as Mr. Mills and he had oppofite incerefts to purfue at the fale, this brought on the quarrel between them. g What fort of perfon of a man, or what age, Mr. Mills was, we have not heard $ but Mr. Barbot is faid to have been * man of a fmall fiae, but fprightly, and about, or not much above 25 years of age, when this affair happened. He was tried atSt.Chriftopher*s, Jan. $, 1753, and charged with having felonioufly and of malice forethought murdered Mat' Nevis, was by order of court to be fold C thew Mills, Efq; at Frigate-bay in that at a publick fale, for the fatisfa&ion of his creditors j at which fale both Mr. Mills and Mr. Barbot were prefent and nearly concerned, the former to pufh on the (ale, in order to recover what was due to him, and the latter to prevent its taking effect, or to become the purchafer in truft for his friend Dr. Webbe, who had very J) ill will to have his eftate fold to a ftranger, becaufe he had a rich uncle upon the ifland, on whom he hoped to prevail to pay his debts and prefcrve the eftate, which he has fjnee done. John Barbpt was born in London, and was the fon of an eminent and fubftantial filverfmith, who, it feems, is ftill alive. At 14 he was bound apprentice to an at- torney at London for five years, and after having ferved his time, he went to Antigua in 1746, as clerk to a gentleman of the law there. About three or four years ago, he got himfelf admitted as an attorney at Auguft, 1753. ifland, on, Sunday, November 10, about 5 o'clock in the morning, by giving him with a piftol loaded with powder and leaden bullets, one mortal wound, upon the right fide, between the two laft falfe ribs and near the back ; and the witnefles were as follows j Peter Carew fwore, that at the fale of Bridgwater's (Dr. Webe's) eftate, Nov. 7, he heard the prifoner fay to the deceafed, be expecled to be treated like a gentleman, or, be did not treat bint like a gentleman. Thomas Mills.— That at the faid fale, upon the prifoner* s objecting to the con*' ditions of (a!e> the deceafed faid, Mr. __ Barbot, the conditions of fale are very fair 5 ■k xvbywillyou cavil about them f Upon which the prifoner faid, Sir, I cxt>c& to be treated like a gentleman. And the deceafed replied, &>, 1 (ball always treat you and all mankind as fuel. And he gives good reafons for believing, that after the fale the deceafed X x 1 never Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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3 & Trial tf Mr. Iktbotfcr fa Murder of Mr. Mills. Aug. never faw the prifoner, till the morning the prifoner's negro boy brought a red he was killed. trunk to hVt houfe, in which the prifoner Andrew Armour, — That fome time be- ufed to carry his things. The doctor tween the 3d and 7th of November, the likewife faid, that at his defire, the pri- prifoner faid to him, that Mr. Mills had foner and he, upon Nov. 12, fired feveral treated him cruelly, and in fuch a manner times at a mark, with a pair of Mrs, as ought never to be forgiven. And that he Dafent's piftols, which had brafs barrels believed the prifoncr meant Mr. Matthew j± and filvcr mounting, and he believed to Mills j and never heard that before that be the fame with thofe (hewn to him in time be had any quarrel with Mr. Thomas court. That on the jtoth Mrs. Dafcnt or Mr. William Mills, nor did the pri- mifled them, and he helping her to fearch foner then tell him in what manner Mr. for them, found them under the bed in a -Mills had behaved to him, to-occafion his room where (food a red trunk, which he faying (o to him. believed to be the trunk that the prifoner's Patience Dorfet.— That on the king's boy had brought to his houfe the morning birth day (Nov. 10,) as me was going of the 19th. That he faw the trunk into Mr. M'Cabee's tavern (in St. Chrif- » opened : That there was a coat and waifc* fopher's) (he heard the prifoner fay to coat in it which were moift : That he did two men he was talking with, there not on the Saturday night, the 18th, fend it a certain gentleman in this ifland, that his boy or any of his nodes out on any err within a fortnight he would either kill rand : That the night between Saturday or by killed by. But did not know, nor and Sunday the 19th was a very boifterooe ■ had, ever feen either of the men he was night j and that from the time he fpoke talking to. to the prifoner on Saturday night, and Dr. Tames Webbe. — That at the afore- C tnc tmic nc ^aw mm riding up to the houfe (aid fate, he heard the prifoner fay/wf in the morning, he believed, he might will be bound by theft conditions as far at the have been at St. Chriftopher's and back Jaw can bind us and no farther ) and that the again. piarjhal bad no right to make any terms of fale. The witnciTes to the will were then That he heard the deceafed fay, we will called, who fwore they witne0ed a deed b*ve no febtolboys flay. That the prifoner written and executed by the prifoner, purchafed the eftate at his requeft. That Nov. 18, at night, but could not be pofi- the prifoner and he were intimate. And ^ tive it was a will. after this being aflced thus: Did you never u Thomas Hobfon and his fifter living hear the prifoncr mention any thing of on Bridgwater eftate fwore, that on Sa- fatisfaclion or ill treatment ? Without turday night, Nov. 1$, about midnight, objecting to the queftion, he anfwered, Dr. Webbe's boy came to their houfe on never 5 and afterwards being aflced thus : one of the doctor's horfes, about midnight, Did the- prifoner never fay any thing to and faid he had been round the ifland you on the fubject of the difpute that had looking for his matter. That after put- napperiea* at the fale cf Bridgwater's eftate? ' ting up his horfe who was wet, he flayed He, without objecting anfwered, no, he E there all night : That about 8 o'clock next never did. The doclor confefled, that the morning a little gentleman in a white prifoner did, on Nov. 18, in the evening, coat and flJver- laced hat came there, aflted write, execute, and deliver to him a deed for Pope, the boy's name, and the moment or writing attetted by three witnefles, but he faw him, bid him faddle the herfe : faid he did not know whether it was his That as foon as he was (addled, after will or no, nor did th.e prifoner then in- aflcing the boy the nearett way to Dr. form him' of his being a legatee in it j Webbe's houfe, he mounted and rode whereas the doctor had Au'd'in his exami- that way : That he came from towards nation before the judges of the ifland F tn^ b^y* and l^at tne prifoner was the of Nevis, which was read in court, that very man. the prifoner had that evening made his John M'Kenley, fwore, that, Nov. 19, will, and informed him that he was a" about 5 o'clock in the morning a negro legatee. The doctor further faid, that boy ruined into his chamber, and cried on the 18th at night, the prifoner went out, 0 Lord, majler make bajle and etme td beji at his, the doctor's, houfe, and that downf fir my majler is fighting with/word on the 19th in thefjeornirfghefaw the pri- and pipels, with a' gentleman that is com* fdner riding up to his. the doctor's, houfe, rfrom Nans. That the boy got prefently on one of his, thedoflor's, horfes, and his, ^ again upon his matter's horfe, galloped the doc*or>, negro boy aMong with him : down, and he followed on foot. That That he then had on a whitifh coat, a he found the gentleman juft expired, JHver~}*ced hat, and a dark-coloured therefore aflced the boy who had kiHeif waifrcoat : and that about the fame time bis mailer, and that he told him it was ■"' • • ' " ' &&! Digitized by VjOOQ iC

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1753- Trial of Mr. Barbot /ar the Muritr of Mr. Mills. 349 Barbot, who was juft gone off ki a canoe. fore it was the prifoner, and that he was That upon going down to the fea-fide, drefled in a brown coat. , A he faw a canoe with four oars and a pad- Edward Bridgwater,— That, Nov. jg, dJe, making very fart from the fhore, between nine and ten in the morning, h« about 50 yards off, with fome perfon in faw the prifoner riding over GruffVgut* white fitting in the ftern of the canoe, the neareft way to Dr, Webbers, on \ but did not know who it was. That the horfe of the doctor's. deceafed had on his great coat and his^ John Cribbe.— That, Nov. 17, thepii* gloves : That bis piftols were in the hoi- foner hired his canoe, to carry feme let* ftecs on his horfe, and his fword fome ters to St. Kitt*s, and the canoe returned diftance from him in the fcabbard, with the next day in the afternoon. That the* tfce belt wrapt round the hilt. negroes belonging to her, then took her William Johnfon being then called, his to go a fifhing, as he 1 being fworn was objected to, becaufe <he did not fee them agair had been convicted and whipped at Mont- eight o'clock in the m feirat for petty larceny. Anfwered, by which he aflced Petei the profecutor** council, Yon muft pro- B which he anfwered, pt duce the record of the conviction. Re- very thoughtful and rr plied for the prifoner, that they did not - was troubled 5 for tha know of his being to be produced as a St. Kitt's with Mr. Ba witnefs till the day before yefterday, fo afraid, had done a gre that they had not time to procure the for, he believed, he tu record, but would prove it by witneffes. That it was about 1 But this not being admitted, Johnfon was morning he had this fworn and faid, that in his paftage from Q ter ; and that he had Nevis to St. Chriftopher's, Nov. 19, about of Mr. Mills being kiiiea. &x o'clock in the morning, a canoe with Thomas Qu in. —That he was fent from four oars and a fail patted by him, in St. Kitt's in purfuit of the prifoner: That which was the prifoner, drefled in a white he did not arrive at Nevis till about eleven coat, a laced hat, and a dar-kcoloured o'clock, and that he was fure he waa waiftcoat : That it feemed coming from the firft that brought the news of Mr* Frigate-bay, and was landing for Nevis 5 Mills being killed to Nevis. Mrs. France* and that as he could then fee the whole p. Dafent and Jofeph Herbert, Efqj con* way between the two, he could fay ** firmed what Dr. Webbe had faid about there was then no other canoe in the finding the piftols j but faid there was channel. nothing in the trunk but a brown waift~ Thomas Wilfon, Efq; fwore, that, coat and a black pair of breeches j and Nov. 19, this Johnfon came to him with Mr. Herbert added, that finding them wet, a letter from Mr. Mftfct of Mo n Terra t. he put his tongue to the waiftcoat, and That upon his telling Johnfon of Mr. found it fait, from which he concluded, Mills being killed, and that it was fup- it mult have been wet with fait water, pofed by Mr. Barbot. Barbtt I faid he, £ Dr. Hamilton and Mr. Edwards fwore* *oby I met bim going in a canot to Levi's ibis that, Nov. 19, they were fent for to view morning. the body of the deceafed, and found he Jafper Thomas. — That, Nov. 10, be- had been wounded by a ball from fome tween fix and feven in the morning, he fire-arm 1 That the ball had entered the saw Mr* Cribbe's canoe, with Mr. Hal- right fide at a place which they could not 'fcard's Peter, and Mr. Deverade's Joe in defcribe better than by drawing a ftraight it, land juft under Lowland church, and line directly from the pap four inches feemed to have come from the falt-ponds. p downwards, and then carrying it four That the ioftant it (truck the /ho re, the inches towards the back. That upon prifoner, who had on a filver- laced hat opening the body, they found the ball and whitifli coat, jumped out, and after had entered between the two la ft falfe him a little negro boy with a little red ribs, and fplintered one of them and trunk on his head . And that both went had penetrated the body obliquely from towards the town. the right to the left fide, which was the John Thomas, the fon, fwore to much caufe of his death. That they did not the fame effeft with his father. think the deceafed could have received William White fwore, that, Nov. 19, G fuch a wound if he had been Handing in he law the prifoner in the morning, a pofture of defence, becaufe the ball walking up the road that leads to Bridge- took its courfe towards the forepart of water's eftate, and believed he came from the left fide. the bay : That he was dretied in a brown Mr. Walter Pringl* and Mr. Samuel coat and a laced hat 3 and that he waa Baker, fwore, that, Nov. 19, when they Digitized by VjOOQ IC came

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35P Trial of Mr. Batbotfor the Murdir of Mr. Npik Aug; came into the room Where the deceafed's fefled, that he did kill Mr. Mills, but the* body was, they called for his piftols, he killed him fairly according c#^e«o- which fomebody brought to them. They tions of honour prevailing among men. were fcrew-barrel piftols, and the fame That the caufe of the quarrel was, Mr. then the wed to them. That they exami- Mills calling him at the (ale of the eftate ned the piftols, and in one they found an impertinent puffy, and refuting after - neither powder nor ball, nor in the other wards to make any apology, but inftead any powder, but only a ball ftickiag in * thereof faying, that if I thought myfetf the barrel. That there was not the leaft injured, he was at my fervicc, when pro- ftain of burnt powder, either about the perly called upon. That upon this *that day at St. Kitt's. ing upon one of the ribs may take a dfc- Then after the prifoner and the counfel region different from what it had when for the profecutors had made their fpeeches it entered the body. as ufual to the court and jury, the pre- We have given the more full fident fummed up the evidence, and the of the evidence upon this trial, jury, after being withdrawn for about the proof was founded entirely upon pre- half an hour, brought in their verdict fumption, without any one witnetV of guilty, whereupon the ufual fentence was the fact, which is a dangerous fort of pronounced ; and then the prifoner ad- G proof, but more neoefiary to be admitted drefting himfelf to the court faid, That in the Weft-Indies than here at he*M| fince it could no longer avail him to con- benaufe negroes arc not admitted as wit* ceal the fact, he would make a frank nciTcs, even tho' employed to aflift aftr confefiioa of the whole. He then con- committing a crime, . , 4 Digitized by VjOOQ[C

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i753- Raffia P*f-4®*f. Dr.Addington of the Sea Sturvy. 351 A gifutim Account if the Manner of if there k oectfioft 5 the furnace* ntuffbc making left Ruflia Pot-Ashss. Cwtmu- made hot with oak or a/hen wood, * wo**/ /• fl&e Editor £* i& late Sir ftrong fire in each furnace, which mull PETER WARREN. burn day and night. TH E beft kind of Pot- Aflies are thofe Then the prepared afhes muft be thrown which being broke appear of a fine gradually on the fire (with a large iron las light bluiffi colour, intermixed with red die) when they will run into a metal like* and yellowiih veins, free from coals, of * lead j the fire muft never go 01ft till tht a ftrong fmell, and extreme quick, poi- ° furnace is almoft full of Pot-Affies. nant tafte j they are generally in cakes The procefs being thus finifhed, and about three or four inches thick. the furnace cool, the afties muft be broke The beft woods for making of Pot- fo as to be taken out, (but the larger tlie Afhes are well grown oak, afli, poplar, pieces are the better) as foon as the Pom succory, elm, hazel, beech, and other Ames are taiten our, the large pieces mult forts of white woods. be put into tight caflts by themfelves, fa But pine, fir, faflafras, liquid amber that no air may come to them to make" orfweetgum, and all odoriferous woods, B them flack, and get moift, which da- at well as thofe which abound with a ro- mages Pot -Afhes. The dnft and fmaU ••in or gum, muft be utterly reje&ed. pieces muft be put into caflcs by tbem- The wood muft be cut in the months felves, and drftinguifhed from the othcrt c£ November, Decanter, January and Fe- by a mark On the heads of the caflcs. bruary, fplit and ftacked up in piles, to dry. It ought to continue ftacked ten or Extract from Dr. Aldington*; £]jptfp twelve months, mat it may be thorougly 0n tb* s E A S C U R V Y, printed, and 4ry before it is burnt. q *Mreffhd to the lords Commtj/tonen of tat ' The wood ftould be burnt to afhes on Admiralty at tie Requeft of Dr. Stxphxw a tight brick hearth, by a flow fire, in Ha us, and ftvcral eminent Pbyficiant. a kind of kiln or clofe place, otherwife npHE fea-fcurvy-generally begins with when it is burnt in the open air by a J. an unufual oppreflion and wearjnefs, ftrongfire, great -quantities of the ames a difficult reflation, and different co- are confumed in fmoak, by the faline loured foots difperfed. over tiie whole body, and trerreftrial parts being carried up in efpecially the legs and arms, Thefe fymp- funftes before they are feparated from the toms increafing, by degrees are attendee! cxbalable parts by the a(%ion of the fire 5 ™ with a low unequal pulfe, lixivial urine, for the difference between burning wood a pale-brown or. livid complexion, a in a clofe place, and burning it Us the weakness and fweiling, or lomctimes open air is fo great, that it has been wafting of the legs, a difficulty in walk- found by experience the quantity of ames ing, acute tranliem pains, frequent bleed- obtained from the former are more than ings at the nofe, /linking breath, putrid double the. quantity produced from the gums, loofe teeth, ill-conditioned ulcers, latter. and rotten bones. Its virulence has bee* The wood being thus burnt into afhes, £ fo great as to force open wounds which they muft be well lifted thro* two fieves, had been healed for many years ; and to one finer than the other. difiblve the callus of a broken bone. It The fifted ames muft be taken and put Sometimes occafions fudden death, efpe- iiito tight fquare brick troughs, or wooden daily on any exeitfon of ftrength, or fcacks, twenty or thirty in number, about on any hafty motion. In the laft ftage, four foot deep, covered with water, and which is contagious, it produces horrors well marmed or incorporated, where they of imagination, trembling $ fainting, con- nnuft lie four or five months, .that they vulfive, epileptick fits 5 weaknefs of me- jnay thoroughly diflbive, and attain their ** mory and reafon, lethargies, palfies, apo- «lue ftrength. piexies 5 purple, livid, and black fpots $ Care Ihould be taken that they are not violent effufions of blood from every in- ' wetted with fpring water, much iefs ternal and external part of the body; •with what is bracktih, the proper water putrid fevers, he&ick, continued, and gor the porpofe being foft river or rain , intermittent 5 exquifite rheumatick pains, •vvrater. pleurifies, the jaundice, obftinate coftive- Warm open weather is the only time nefs, colicks, vomitings, diarrhoeas, dyw §ayr making Pot-Alhes in. fenteries, mortifications. Two or three furnaces muft be made G The immediate caufe of the fcurvy is osf brick, after the manner of bakers ovens, a ftate of humours far advanced towards f>ot much larger 5 the mouth of the furnace putrefaction in the firft ftage, and quite muft be very Jarge, and three or four putrid in the laft, which therefore is for laoles towards the top of the furnace, to the moft pan fatal. eke it draw, which m*y be ftopped, A Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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3#* A D,ESCRipTK>tf */ YORKSHIRE, Aug. ^ A ftrong dtJpofition in tfce fluids to delightful foreftst and if fome be mooriA, eorrept, or a real corruption of them, mirx and urtpJcafaot, others are as fin© Which (earns to be the efience ot" this dif- and agreeable as the eye can wi(h» It order, may proceed, firft, from in general abounds with cattle, fi(h and Undeantineft, in the (hip and in her fowl, and it remarkable for a breed of company. The (hip it unclean when her fine horfet, great flocks of goats and bilge water is furTered to ftink *> or her (heep, and mines of lead, copper ami decks are not well fcraped or washed j * coal*. It is famous for medicinal waters, or when rrefh air is not often conveyed particularly at Scarborough, and has a- tp her dark holes and receffesj or when bundanco of jet, allum, time- (lone, li- trmny putrid effluvia ftream from nui* quorice, Ace. Their principal manufac- iuwes on board her, fuch as corrupted tare is coecfe cloth j next to which Rip- food, foul ulcers, (ick men, dead bodies, pon spurs, Sheffield blades, andSherbom, asid the ordure of animals. Her company pins, are of e/pecial note. This very if unclean when they neglcd airing their large county, for the more eajy manage- feed cloflths, or changing their linen, or tnent of its civil government, is divided fweetening their perfcns, B into three parts, called Ridings, via. the 4 ITbe rtf of „ rv^ft^tjutnt? North-Riding, each of Which might mako ^Descair™**/ YORKSHIRE, a county of Wetf, wib a Gw» u Map of the ivhok The north and weft fides of the Eaft- STa tf* j£arT£'* *% °f Ridi°K ** ^otindtd by the winding ? tit ^ ^ S" *** * "" v*™'* of *« Derwent, the fouth b/th5 % Magazme/^1749.) Humber, and the eaft by the German ¥0 R K S HI R F is of larger extent Q Ocean j which part, with that towards <han any two counties in England the Derwent, is pretty fruitful, but the joined together. It is equal to the duke- middle, called Yorlcfrroold, is nothing tJom of Wirtemburg in Germany, and -but a heap of snountaJM. In this divi- <con tarns more ground than all the feven tlon are three boroughs which fend mem* United provinces. It is 90 mites long, Jsecs to parliament, via* Beverly, Hull £© broad, 360 in circumference, and con- or King&on upon Huft, and Headcn or tains about 3,770,000 acres. As to Its Heydon. See a particular account of thai boundaries, it has Lancashire and Wfcft- Riding in our M?$* for 1 740, with the moreland on the weft, part of Weftmore- D Map annexed, p. a.51, 1.5a. land and the bifhopridk of Durham on the The Weft-Riding, which is the moft •north, Derby mire, KottinghamJhire and conftderabie, is bounded by the Oufe, by Lin coin (hi re on the fouth, and. the tea or Lancashire, and by the fouthern limits of German ocean on the eaft ; and the (both- the county, and lies towards the fouth weft part juft touches upon Chemire. It -and weft. In this divifion are the city of .is divided into it hundreds, has 563 pa- York, and five boroughs that fend mem- •rffhes, and 49 market-towns, and (ends bers to parliament, vie. Knareiborough, 1 jo members to parliament, vuu two for £ Aldboroiigb, Borotrghbridge, Rippon, and 'the county, who in the prefent parliament Pontefract or Pomfort 5 betides Sheffield, are lord vifeount Downe and Sir Conyers Wakefield, Hallifisx, Leeds, and many D'Xrcy, knight of the Bath, two for the other noted towns. See the particular city of York, and 26 for 13 boroughs, description of this Riding, with its Maf, •each fending two. No county rurpafles in our Mag. of the fame year, p. 346, -this for (lately and convenient feats of 347, 348. -fhc nobility and gentry, nor does any go The North-Riding, a few miles above -beyond it in giving titles of honour. Its F lam bocough- Head, emends itfelf in a thief rivers arc the Tees, Swale, Warfe, F long and narrow trad for 60 miles, at ttfre, Oufe, Derwent, Calder, and Dun ; far as Weftmoreland to the weft, being moft of which by their confluence form bounded on one fide partly by the Der- .that great ssftuary or river, called the went, fepa rating it from the Eaft- Riding, ^Humber, which feparates this county from and partly by the Oufe and Vre, dividing 'Lincommire. It is generally Melted with a it from the Weft-Riding ; and on the wholefome and temperate air, but it muft other fide by the Tees, which pans it ike fuppofed, that in a county of fo large from the bimopricfc of Durham to the extent the foil mnft be various : And this Q north. There are five boroughs in this 'indeed is the cafe, for if one part be ftony, dfrtfioa} via. Scarborough, Maltoo, mountainous, fandy and barren, another Thirfic, Northallerton, and Richmond. is richly adorned with corn fields and pa- See its defcri prion, with the Mar of it, . ftures j if feme places be naked and de- in our faid Mag. for 1749, P* 395» 39*» ftitute of woods, others are (haded with J O U R» * Sta water fmtnjusfo cafly hy flagaatiom, that %pert it not fir tht avstmtf •[ tb* fts by tit for* «f winds, tidat and currents, it would corrupt ail the vnrld^.^ {

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*m; 353 JOURNAL of the Proceedings and Debates in the Political Club, continued from p, 321. they refided in any part of oar king** The laft Speech I /ball give in the dominions, becaufe he couM demand Debate cb ims continued in what fum he pleafed from any one of your lafit pofte4 themfelves of a great part of vulgar acceptation of the word, I our jmbtick funds, but none of diem have always underftood common law Would live here* They would all to be common cuftom, and I* cannot refide in Holland, France, or Italy, fee why an old cuftom may not be or in feme place where they could altered by a new one. If this be (b, have perfonal fecurky > and thus we whatever was the cuftom under our C mould have, perhaps, a million or arbitrary monarchs for fome reigns two fent out of the country yearly, after the conqueft, it has been alter- for paying the intereft or dividends ed by a late contrary cuftom ; for the to fuch of the proprietors of out Jews have been deemed for this laft publick funds, as were forced for century as much under the protect- their fefcty to live in foreign comm- on of the law, as any Chriftian in tries, and who would otherwHe • the fame circumftances. This, how- D gladly Ottne to live and fpend their ever, is a point which I (hall not in- yearly income amongft as. .» lift on : On the contrary, I fhall fup- This would certainly be the con* pofe the common law to be as the iequence* Sir* were the learned gen- learned gentleman has ftated it j and tleman's doctrine to be efobtimed, upon that fuppofition I muft be of and in my opinion, even the broach- opinion, that it is abfolutely necef- ing of k will fo terrify many of the fary for us not only to pafs the bill E rich Jews we have nowaiaongft us, now under confideration, but to bring as to oblige them to retire beyond in and pafs a bill for altering what is fea as foon as poffibir, nnlefs by palT- faid to be common law, and for fe- ing this bill we (hew, that we are curing fuch Jews as are, willing to refolved to fupport and eftablKh t&at live amongft us, in the pofieflion of doclrine or cuftom whkh has pfe- evcry part of their eftate as well as vailed for this laft hundred years m that which they have in our publick F their favour. According to this cud funds ; for if the Jews may dill be lorn, a Jew born in the king*! do* treated by the crown as they were in minions is, iri every refpeft, as much the reign of king John, and for fome his natural born fubje& as any CfcrU time both before and after his reign, ftian ; and as this cuftom has obtain* even that which they have in our cd for this laft hundred years, it is a publick funds could not be fafe, if length of time, which iri every other H P— — . cafe would eftablifti a right j where- Au*uft' W Y ' o^Google M

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J54 Proceedings of the Political Club, &c. Aug/ as if the learned gentleman's doc- tifed by the church of England,, is tune mould prevail, it might be a part of our ejkblifhment : Wirf contended, that the children of a any gentleman fay, that we ought not Jew, who Jiad refided feven years in to allow any perfon to live amorigft the plantations, could not be deemed us, that will not in every pun&ilio natural bom fubjc&s, tho' all born conform to the profeffion and prac- in our plantations, unlefs they de- A ttce of the church of England f clarcd themfelves Chriftians, became Surety, Sir, I am not to look upon the ad does not fay, that futh per- every man as my enemy who differs fowandilmr p*fterityfta\\ be deemed- from me in opinion upon any point his majefty's natural born fubjedts of religion. This would be a moil of this kingdom, notwithstanding unchriftian way of thinking ; there- any law or cuftom to the contrary, fore I muft think, that the Jews are If then by the law and the cuftom B in much the fame cafe with the as it now ftand?, a Jew born in his other diffenters from the church of majesty's dominions is to be deemed England : We ought not to look a natural bonrfabjed of this fcrog- on them as enemies to our ecdefiaf- dom, what mighty favour are we- to tical eftablHhmenty but as men whofe grant the Jews by the bill now before confeience will not allow them to us? Only that the father may, by an conform to it; therefore we may, ad of naturalization, to be paflbd Cin charity we ought to indulge them by feme future parliament, and fo far as not to endanger thereby which the parliament may refufe if our ecclefiaftical eftablifhment ; and it pleafes, eojoy thofc privileges-, from them we have lefs danger to which his children would of courfe fear, than from any other fort of dif- be intitkd to enjoy, if bora in the fenters, becaufe they never attempt king's dominions; and which even to make converts, and becaufe it the rather might entitle himfelf to, D would be more difficult for them to by refiding feven years in our plan- fucceed fa any fuch attempt. Nay, tations, or by engaging in Several we know, that by the ftrift tenets of forts of manufactures here at home, their religion, every man is excla- • Is this a favour which can be* attend- ded from it who is not of the feed of ed with any dangerous confluences? Ifrael ; and as they cannot intermar- Is it not a favour which we ought to. E ry with a flrange woman, we need grant, as it may, and in my opinion 'not fear their having fuccefs in con- certainly Will, induce feveral rich verting our women, foreign Jews to come and refide in From the Jews therefore, Sir, we this country, which muft neceflarily have nothing to fear with refpeel to be attended with an iacreafe not only our ecclefia(lical eftablifhment, and of our trade and manufactures but as to our civil eftablifhment, they alio of our pnbliok revenue. F are by the laws now in being fuffici- As to what hat been faid, Sir, a- ently excluded from ever having any bout Chriftianity.'s being a part of fliare in it; for unlefs they become our eftaUifiiment, and that we ought Chriftian, they ^cannot be fo much as Jtot to allow the profefled enemies excifemert or cullom-houfe officers. Of our ecclefiaftkal eftablrthment to Confequently,' Sir, as they can never Come and live amongft us, no more have any (hare in the government of than we would allow the profefled Qthis country, our indulging them lb enemies of our civil eftablimment to far as to allow them to live amongft come and live amongft us, it is an us, and to enjoy the protection .of argument that goes a great . deal too our laws as to their perfons and pro- fa*. Not only Chriftianity, but perries, can no way interfere with Chriftiamty as profefled and prac* any prophecy relating to them, r.or 3 with Digitized by VjO

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^ 1753. Proceedings of the Political Club, 6ta 355 with the carfe pronounced againft that our having a great number 4f them, which plainly relates to their Jew merchants fettled amongft us being eftabliflied as a people in a would increafe our commerce and country which they could call their the export of our manufactures ; own, by having the government of and though 1 do not admit that the it in their own hands ; and this, I Jews are the only brokers, or that tfcink, it is plain they can never tea- A they have fuch weight with the re- fpnably expect, until they have ac- tailers and confumers in any country knowledged Chrift to be the Meffias, as is contended for, yet I am of opt- and have embraced his religion. If nion, that it would be of great fer* the indulgence propofed to be allow- vice to us, to have the Jew-brokers ed them in this country could con* in all countries engaged both in inte* tribute towards this definable end, as red and inclination to recommend I think it will, I hope every gentle- B our manufactures. This, I think, man will admit, that it is a ftrong. cannot be difputed, and as little can argument in favour of the bill now it be difputed, that our parang this under our confederation, bill will contribute towards our ob- As to our foreign commerce, Sir, taining this de Arable end, fo far at and the export of our manufacture*, relates to the Jew-brokers in all fo- the very argument that has been ceign countries, made ufe of againft the Jews if, in C But fuppofing, Sir, that our hav- my opinion, a ftrong argument in mg Jew-merchants fettled amongft their favour. It has been faid, that us could no way contribute towards by means of their intereft among increafmg our foreign commerce or the Jew-brokers in other countries, the export of our manufactures, yet they may engrofs the whole trade to it is certain, that our having rich themfelves, and exclude all other Jews come to fettle here with their Englifti merchants from having any D families will contribute towards in- Qiare in it ; for if thofe Jew-brokers creafing our home confumption of have fo much influence among the every fort, and, confequently, will natives where they refide, as to pre- increafe both our home manufactures vail with them to buy from one mer- and our publick revenue. Suppofe chant, or one houfe, rather than an- a Jew worth 1 00,000 1. mould, up- Qther, fqrely they may prevail with on paffing this bill, come here to ihem to buy the manufactures of one £ fettle with his family, and that he country rather than thofe of any fpent his whole income, or 3000 1. other ; CQnfequently, they will pre- yearly : Can we fuppofe that lefs vail with them to buy the manufac- than 300 1. of this annual expence tures fent from hence by their bre- would be laid out in Britifh rnanu- threo, rather than the manufactures failures for the corrfumptipn of him- of any other country whatever; and felfand family? For, 1 believe, the as we have now foreign rtyals in all p Jews are as little guilty of wearing Jbrts of manufactures, this will always foreign manufactures as any fet of prevent its being in the power of people whatever. Would not this our Jew-merchants to exact too high be an increafe of our home manu- a profit upon fuch of our manufac- factures to the amount of 300 1. year* tures as they fend to foreign markets, ly ? Then if we fuppofe that of eve- even fuppofing they Ihould ingrofs ry 20 s. fpent by a man of eafy fbr- to themfelves alone the exportation Q tune, there is 10s. goes towards the of all our manufactures. Therefore, payment of taxes, would not this be Sir, if there be any truth in this fad, an addition of t coo 1. a year to the t he argument to be drawn from it is, grofs produce of .our publick reve- V y a nne r Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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\ 356 PROCEEDINGS of ike POLITICAL CLUB, t$C* Aug. nue ? And if by oar pafirog this bill* »#»/., 40 or 50 fitch Jews fhould be induced Mr- ?"/***, to come and fettle with their fami* SIR, lies in this kingdom, it is eafy to >T* H E bill which has been now compute what an increafe it would •* read a fecond time to us, is de- snake both to our manufactures and. figned for putting an end to an evil the produce of our publick revenue. A which has been long and grievoufly This advantage is §0 certain, fo de* complained of, an evil by which monftrable, that I am furprifed to many of our beft families have often hear the bill oppofed by any gentfe** fuffered, and an evil which our laws man who has ever complained of have often endeavoured to prevent, the decay of our trade, or of the but always hitherto without fuccefs ;' infupportaWe burthen of our debts and yet it is an evil which, one and taxes ; and am the more for- B would think, fhould rarely happen, prifed, when Iconfider the chimeri- if we confider that duty and refpecr. cal apprehenfions upon which this which children ought to (hew to- oppontion is founded ; as if by na- wards their parents, and that indul- turalizing a few Jews our conftituti- gence and affeclion parents ought to on was to be unhinged, our liberties have for their children, efpecially in Sacrificed, and the christian religion that affair of their marriage, which extirpated. I fhould be extremely C is generally the fir ft ftep that people ibrry, Sir, if I thought that any of all ranks make into the world, gentleman could be fenous when he and a ftep upon which their future endeavours to poffefs us with fuch happinefs, profperity and fuccefs al- apprehenilons, becaufe I fhould from moft entirely depends. In this ftep thence conclude, that both our reli- the happinefs both of the parents gion and our conftkution flood upon and children is (o intimately con- a very unliable foundation ; but as 1 j) cerned, that children ought never am convinced that no man of fenfe to make it without the approbation can be ferious when he talks fo, I of their parents, nor ought the pa- fear no danger to either from this rent to refufe his approbation, when bill ; and as it will certainly be of the match propofed is not fuch as fome, and may be of very great ad- apparently tends to the dishonour of vantage to this country, I (hall be his family, or may probably bring for its being pafled into a law. £ on the ruin of his child. Yet we often find the pailion called love tri- tts next moft important Subjecl, upon umphing over the duty of children •which *we have lately had any Do- to their parents, and on the orber bate in our Club, ftance of all the excellent Speeches tieiigning* people, and fo many arts made upon tht Occaft on would make made ufe of for engaging their af- a large Volume b) itftlf alone ; feclion, that their innocence oftea therefore I ft/all give you the Sub- becomes a prey, perhaps, to the low- ftance only of fome of the moft re- ^ eft and vilcA feducer. How often mariable, beginning Auith that have we known the heir of a good. made by Arrianus Maturius, tvhich family fed need, and engaged in m was to this Efecl. private and clandeftine marriage* S— D — - R— — # perhaps with a common ftrum pet ? How Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1753* Prociedinos of (b* Political Club, &c. 357 How often have we "known a rich mon law an information will lie, and heirefs carried off by a man of low a punifhment rosy be inflicled, for birth, or perhaps by an infamous fedacing a young man or a young fharper ? What diftrefs fome of our woman away from their parents, and beft families have been brought into, getting fuch young roan, or fuck what ruin fome of their fons or young woman married, without the daughters have been involved in. A confent of the parents. by fuch means, every gentleman Thus, Sir, by our old laws great may from his own knowledge recol-' care has been taken to prevent young led ; and every gentleman mud al- gendemen or young ladies from be- low, that fuch misfortunes ought to ing feduced, or taken away and be prevented, if poflible. married without the confent of That this ought to be done, Sir, their parents or guardians ; and by the laws we have now in being are B two l*te ftatutes clandeftine imrri- a fufficient teftimony ; for not only ages of all kinds have been exprefsly by the canons, but by feveral fta- prohibited ; for by an acl of the jut tntes, marriage without proclamation and 8th of king William it is enacl- of banns, or a regular licence, is pro- ed, that if a parfon (hall marry any hibited ; and no licence ought ever perfon in any church or chapel, or to be granted unlefs oath be made, in any other place whatfoever, or if that the* parties are of age, or thit q he (hall employ or fufFer any other the parents or guardians have given minifter to marry any perfon in any their confent. Befidesthis, there are church or chapel to fuch parfon be- feveral penalties inflicted by the fta- longing, without publication of tutes, for by a ftatute (o long fince banns, or licence, he mail for tvtry as in the 3d of Henry VII. it is fuch offence forfeit 100I. the man made felony to take away, or to be fo married (hall forfeit tol. and the concerned in taking away, a woman rjfexton or parifh clerk, knowingly having lands or goods, or that is heir affifting thereat, 5 1. This forfeiture apparent to her ancestor, and to mar- to the parfon fo offending, was re-, ry or defile her, even though fhe enacled in the 10th of queen Anne ; fhould after being thus taken away and it was then further enacled, confent to be married or to be deft- that if the offender, at the time led by one of thofe concerned in tak- of the offence committed, mould ing her away ; which ftatute is con- £ be a prifoner in any prifon, not firmed by a ftatute of the 39th of being a county goal, he fhould, Elizabeth, and all principals, procu- upon his conviclion, be removed to rcrs or acceflaries in any i'uch offence the county goal, and there charged are excluded the benefit of clergy ; in execution with the faid penalty, and by a ftatute in the reign of Phi- and with all the caufes of his former lip and Mary, whoever fhall take imprifonment. Moreover, it was away, or caufe to be taken away, p by this laft act enacled, that if the even with her confent, any maid or keeper of any prifon fhould be privy woman- child unmarried, being with- to, or knowingly permit any fuck in the age of 16, and deflower or marriage in his prifon, he fhould for marry her without the confent of the every loch offence forfeit 1 00 1. And father, or of the mother having the befides all thefe provifions by canon, cuftody Of her after the death of ftatute, and common law againft the father, fhalK be fined or imprifon-Q clandeftine marriages, the court of ed for five years; and if fuch woman, chancery has always deemed it a child, being above 1 2, and under 16, contempt of that court to marry one fhall confent to fuch marriage, fhe of its wards without the confent of fhall be deprived of her inheritance the court, and has been in ufe to during her life. And even at com- commit Digitized by VjOOQ iC

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35$ PftociEDrNos of the Political Club, &fr. Aug. commit the offenders to prifon for tual againft 4H forts of clandeftine that contempt during the pleafure of marriages ; becanfe the feveral cafes the court. * cannot be properly diftinguifhcd, and It is therefore plain, Sir, that in * puniAiment'that would be fo fevere the eye of the law a clandeftine mar- »s to be effectual in the moil heinous riage has always been deemed an of- and moll tempting cafe, would be by fence which ought to be punifhed, A much too fevere in all the others, and an evil which ought to be pre- Nothing can, in my opinion,, Sir, Tented. But when a young gentle- be effectual for preventing; dandef- man or young lady is intitled to a tine marriages of every kind, but large eftate, the advantage to be got that of declaring all fuch marriages by marrying them is fo great, and null and void to all intents and pur- confequcntly the temptation foitrong, pofes whatsoever. This, I am per- that our laws have never as yet been B fuaded, our anceftors were fenfible, able to prevent the evil ; for they of, but a fuperflitious opinion then. are either fuch as may be eafily eva- prevailed, that when a marriage be- ' dcd, or the penalties are too fmall, tween two perfons come to the age. and the only proper penalty that has of confent was once folemnized by a, ever as yet been inflicted is laid upon man in holy orders, it was fo firmly the wrong perfon ; which juries are eftablifhed by the divine law, that fb fenfible of, that it would be very C it could not be annulled and made difficult to give fo clear a proof, as void by any human law whatever. to prevail with them to bring in a Thank God i we have in this age verdict againft the defendant. When got the better of this, as well as we i fay this, I fuppofe it will be un- have of a great many other fuperfli- derftood, that I /nean the ftatute of tious opinions ; and the reverend Philip and Mary, which deprives a bench in the other houfe will deferve young lady under i6of hei inheri- Dthe thanks of lateft pofterity, for tance, for confenting to a marriage, confenting to render Chriftianity con- to which (he has been feduced by fiftent with common fenfe. I hope, fome deceitful betrayer. This is re- I (hall not be mi (taken : Primitive ally punifhrng the innocent, and add- and pure Chriftianity always was ing misfortunes innumerable to her confident -with common fenfe ; but misfortune ; and therefore it would additions have been (ince made to it, be the height of cruelty to take ad- Emany of which are inconfident with vantage of, or to carry this law into common fenfe, and of thefe I take execution, could it even be proved the old opinion relating to marriage to the fatisfaction of a jury, that (he to be one ; for I think nothing can had voluntarily and freely confented be more inconfiflent with common to fuch a marriage ; but as this, as fenfe than to fay, that the fupreme I have faid, can very feldom if ever legiflature of a fociety cannot put be done, this law is no bar to the F contrails of marriage, as well as deducing a young lady of great for- every other contract, under what re- tune to elope from her parents or gelations they think moil conducive guardians, and to marry her betray- to the good of that fociety. And I er; and the penalty or punifhment, think ic is ridiculous to fay, that in- inflicted upon him by that Aatute, is fants (hall have a power, when they not to (tvete as to deter him from come of age, to avoid and annul committing the crime. Indeed, I G every contract they made, even for do not think that any punifhments, the mereft trifle, while under age, either upon the parties contracting without the confent of their parents the marriage, or upon the clergy, or guardians, and yet if without con- man that performs the ceremony* fent of father, or mother, or guar- can be jnade (o fevere as to be efFeo dian, Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1753- Paocebdings of the Political Club, lie. 359 d'un, they difpofe of tbemfelves and thcr very great and frequent evil is, every thing that belongs to them in the occaiion which thefe clandeftine marriage whilil under age, they (hall marriages furnifh for polygamy : If have no power to avoid that contract all marriages were publjckly folem- when they come of age, let k be nized, or fo publickly that it muft never fo fraudulent, pernicious, or be known in the neighbourhood, it infamous. This is adding a fan&ity A would be difficult for any man or to the marriage contract, which is woman to be guilty of polygamy : inconfiftent with the good of every At lead no man or woman could be fociety, and with the happinefs of drawn in to marry a woman or man, mankind in general. It is what even who had then a hufband or wife liv- the canon law itfelf does not do; ing, without being guilty of very for even by that law a marriage may great rafhriefs and neglect ; but at " for feveral reafons be declared to B prefent a man may have privately a have been void from the beginning ; wife in every corner of this city, or and if a bay marries before the age in every town he has been in, with- of 1 4, or a girl before her age of out its being poffible for them to 1 a, though the marriage be allowed know of one another, or for the to be fo good that they need not be next woman to whom he makes his married again, yet both of them addrefies, to discover his being a may avoid the marriage when they C married man. And the very Dill come to the age of confent, even by now before us owes its rife to a moil the canon law, that is to fay, the boy flagrant cafe that was this feffion at the age of 14, and the girl at the brought before the other houfe : A age of 12; and if at that age they gentleman had married a lady of do declare the marriage void, it be- family and fortune, had lived feve- comes void likewife as to the wife of ral years with her, and had children the boy, or the hufband of the girl, D by Ber, yet after his death another though fhe or he was of full age at woman laid claim to him as her huf- the time the marriage was folem- band, by virtue of a marriage fo- ri i zed. lemnized between them before his But the ruin of young perfons, marriage with the lady, whom He and the diftrefs of families, is not always acknowledged as his wife, the only evil, Sir, that is brought Thus, Sir, we may fee what infi- apon fociety by this fanclity and in- E nite mifchiefs flow from this fanctity diflblubility that has been added to and indifTolubility, which has been clandeftine marriages : Every gentle- added to the marriage contracl ; and man that has been converfant in the bow this contract came to be held fo practice of the law knows, what a facred and divine as not to be touch- . number of expenfive law-fuits are ed or regulated by any human law, thereby occafioned about the legiti- we need not be at a lofs to difcover. xnacy of children ; and how diffi- p When popery, ignorance, and fu- cult it often is to determine whether perftftion rode triumphant in every the parents were married or no : part of Europe, the court of Rome Nay, fometimes a clandeftine mar- took care to eftablifh every regula- fiage is fet up after a man's death, tion they could think of, that might which was never heard of in his life- tend towards rendering applications time, and by an inconteftable proof, neceflary and frequent to the holy which may by ways and means be q fee, from every one of which they obtained, his whole effects are car- knew how to draw large fees and tied away from his relations by the perquhltes. For this purpofe they children of a woman whom ne ne- extended confiderably the prohibited ver acknowledged as his wife. Ano- degrees of marriage, and for this purpofe Digitized by VjOOQ iC

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360 Proceedings*/ the Po^ifiCAi. Cl0B, &c* Aug. purpofe they made the marriage contract of, according to the form of .words ptc- a facrament, or facred and divine con-, fcribed in the book of common prayer, tract,, which no unhallowed law wa< to upon thret Sundays preceding the fofcm- meddle with. But the Pope by his dif- nization of marriage ; that all other the penfation could make any marriage law- rules prescribed by the rubrtck concern- fol, and by hi» decree he could duToive ing the publication of banns, and the fo- the moft regular and folcmn marriage lemnizaripn of matrimony, and not al- that was ever entered into, and that with- £ tered by this bill, (hall be duly obferved $ out fo much as confulting the laws of that the publication of banns /hall be the fociety or country where fuch mar- registered in the regifter book of the pa- mge was to be, or had been folemnized j rilh ; and that in all cafes where banns for the church, that is to fay, the court (hall have been published, the marriage of Rome, had then affumed the fole power (hall be folemnized in one of the pa rilh of regulating and of judging in every churches where foch banns have been thing relating to marriage 5 tho* we have published, and in no other place what- the moft authentick proof, that this was foever. not the practice during the firft ages of « By the next claufe of the biH it is pro* Chriftianity; for among the Romans, di- vided, Sir, that no elergytoan mall be vorces by mutual confent were allowed obliged tq publish the banns of matrimo- for a long time after the eftablifliment ny between any perfons whatfoever* of Chriftianity, as appears by feveral laws unlefs the perfons to be married (hall, of the rlrft chriftian emperors, and fuch (even days at the lead before the time re- divorces were prohibited by a law of the cjuired for the ftrft publication of fuch emperor Juftinian's, and again introduced banns, deliver to. him a notice in writing, by a law of the emperor Juftm's, with- Q of their true chriftian and furnaines, and out the intervention, and for what ap- of the houfc or houfes of their refpective pears, without fo much as confulting any abodes, within fuch parifh, and of the bifhop or eccleOafticar aflembly. time during which they have dwelt, inha- From thefe laws, Sir, which are ftill bked or lodged, in fuch houfe or houfes extant, it is evident, that the doctrine respectively. afterwards introduced by the court of By the third claufe, Sir, k is enacted, Romet was not fo much as dreamt of that no licence of marriage (hall after the during the firft ages of Chriftianity, no ~ faid day be granted, to folemnize any not for above 200 years after it had been u marriage in any other church than in the eftablifhed as the religion of the Roman parifli church within which one of the empire ; for Jurtinian did not begin his perfons to be married (hall have dwelt reign till Aug. 1, 517, a day now re- for the fpace of one month immediately markable in this kingdom, and it was in before the granting of fuch Licence. And the year 311 that Conftantine the Great by the 4th the right of the archbirtiop of declared bimfelf a Chriftian. How we Canterbury to grant fpecial licences U came to retain this Popifh doctrine, that preferved. a marriage between two perfons once E Then, Sir, by the 4th and 5th claufe* folemnized by a clergyman in holy orders, of the bill it is enacted, that if any perfoa is fo facred a contract that it cannot be (hall after the faid day folemnize matri- difannulled by any human law : I fay, mony without publication of banns in how we came to retain this doctrine after foch church as afore fa id, or without fucH the reformation, I (hall not pretend to licence as aforefaid, every peifon fo of- account for j but that it is not a-chrif- fending fhall be guilty of felony, and bo tian doctrine I have clearly (hewn, and tranfporred for 14 years, if profecuted we may be convinced from experience, p within one year after the offence com- that it is impartible to.prevent clandeftine mitted. And that all marriages had and marriages, or any of the evils flowing fotemnized without publication of banns from them by any other method but that in fuch church as aforefaid, or without of declaring them null and void, to all fuch licence as aforefaid, (hail from and intents and purpofes whatfoever. There- after the faid day be null and void to all fore, Sir, the bill now before us begins intents and purpofes whatfocver. with describing how marriages (hall be By the 6th, 7th, and 8th it is enacted, folemnized for the future, by enacting. that after the faid day all marriages had that from and after Jan. 1, 17^4, all G by licences as aforefaid, and all matrimo- banns of matrimony (hall be published, ma) contracts, where either of the par- in an audible manner, during the time of ties fhall be under the age of 21, which divine fervice, in the pa»ilh church or (hall be had or entered into without the churches wherein the parties to be mar- coufent of the father of fuch Qf the parties ried fhall have dwelt for the fpace of one fo under age, if then living, or, if dead, month next before the publication there- of Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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*J5$- Proceedings vftbi Political Club, &V. %6v of the guardian, or if no guardian law- folutely neceffary for^ afcertaining th* fully appointed, of the mother, if then marriage and rendering it publick, which* Hving, firft had arid obtained under their every marriage ought to be ; and tot hand refpe&ively in writing, and attefted guarding againft the many artfur con- by two credible witneflTes, (hall be ab- trivances fet on foot to fediice young folutely null and void to all intents and gentlemen and ladies of fortune, and to1 purpofes whatfoever ; and that fuch con- draw them into improper, perhaps m- lent Co attefted fliall be registered in the *" famous marriages. Nor is there, I think, fame regifter, wherein the marriage of any thing that can incumber or render^ inch parties fliall be regiftered 5 but nei- difficult the ceremony of marriage among ther of thefe regulations to extend to the the vulgar. If it were pofflble, I confefs marriage of any perfon under age, whole that a diftinclion mould be made be- ftther er mother (hill be non compos mentis, tween the marriages of people of rank or or beyotid the teas, at the time of fuch fortune, and thofe of the people we marriage. « ufually caU the vulgar; but this it is By the 9th it is enaaejl; that if the impofiible to do in this country, and guardian be non compos mentis, or beyond B therefore was not attempted by the judges fea, or refufes his confent to a proper wno made the firft draught of this bill; and advantageous marriage, the perfon by order of the other houfe, nor by a defirous of marrying may apply to the learned lord of that houfe, whofe know- court of chancery by petition, which ledge, wifdom, and capacity no one caii court is to proceed thereupon in a Aim- doubt, and who, to the many eminent irtary way, and the order of that court is fcrvices he had before done his country, t6 be deemed as good and effectual, as if |ia8 now added the infinite care and paini the guardian had consented. q he took in modelling this bill. But at By the 10th and nth, no marriage law- ^ no human being is infallible, and as no fully folemnized is to be declared void man can forefee every thing that may be by any ecclefiaftical court, byteafon of proper or neceflary ma matter of fo much any precontraa ; nor is any fuch court to intricacy, I (hall grant, that objections compel a celebration of marriage infacit mav he made to fome -parts of the bill. rtdefot, in confequence of any precon- , However, they are all fuch as, I think; tra& ; but this not to extend to any fuit we may cafily remove by a few alterations commenced before March 19, 1753. or additions in the committee; and con- Then, Sir, the 12th claufc provides Dfidering the re(pec*l due to the learned againft the altering, forging, or deftroy- judges who brought in the bill, and td ing any regifter book, or part of fuch • tj,c other houfe by which it was almoft book, by making every fuch offence fe^ unanimoufly parted, I believe, 1 need not lony without benefit of clergy. The 13th add any new argument for gaining the and 14th declare, that the aft (hall not concurrence of this houfe in the motion I extend to the marriages of any of the am to conclude with, which is, That this royal family, nor to Scotland, nor to bill be committed, the marriages of Quakers or Jew's . And « the 15th orders the z€t to be once read ** fbt next that Jpoke in this Debate was in all parifli churches and chapels ih each c. Numifius, whofe Speech was in Snh- o( the months of September, O&obef, jta„ce as fJlrws. November, and December next $ and afterwards quarterly for two years. Mr* Prefident, This, Sir, is the (ubftance of the bill SIR, now under our confideration, which I t KNOW the difadvantage I labour un- thought myfelf obliged to open to the J| der, whon I ftand up to oppofe thd houfe, as fome gentlemen may not as P bill now under our confederation. All yet have had an opportunity to read it the mod tender paflions that can agitate with attention ; and from the (hort ac- the human breaft militate in its favour : c6unt I have given of it, 1 believe, every Love for children, compaflion for betray- gentleman will fee, that a method has ed innocence, the honour of our families, now at laft been found out to prevent all plead ftrongl? for our parting it into a effectually all dandeftirie ■ marriages, and law. Likewife the high character of thoft all the mifchievous confequences flowing who brought in the bill muft give every from them, without inflicting' any penal- q gentleman a bi3s in its favour; moreefpe- ties Upon the innocent, or any more fe- cially the great opinion which the world vere penalties upon the guilty, than every fy defervedly have, of the (olid judgment man will think they deferve. And I of that noble lord who was at fo much think there is no ceremony or folemnity pains in the other houfe to rttndei it per* required by this bill, but what is ab- R— - N— — . Auguft, 1713. . Zl fec>, Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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36a Proceedings */ the Political Club, 6fc Aug. fgSt, and who has given fo many and (6 gave of marriage j and when Chriftianity great teftimonies of his warm concern was eftabliihed among them, their em- tor the good of his country. All thefc, perora were obliged to indulge them with 1 lay, Sir, .confpire together in favour of fome fort of liberty in this refpe&, not this bill ; and yet my way of thinking is becaufe it was agreeable to religion, or Inch, that for the good of the publick* even to the good of fociety, but for the. nay, for the good of mankind, and for fame reafon that the great lawgiver of the fake of that reverence whith I mall j^ the Jews indulged them in feveral things, always have for that facred engagement becaufe of the hardnefs of their hearts* called marriage, I think myfelf bound in And if we were to introduce this cuftosn duty to oppofe the palling of this bill in- again into this country, I am perfuaded* to a law. I hope the Hon. and learned many a hufband would treat his wife gentleman will excufe me when I call the with rigour and feverity, and even with marriage contract facred, after he has cruelty, on purpoie to force her to con- been at fo much pains to mew, that it is fent to a divorce, in order that he might 00 way more (acred than any other con- marry another woman who was richer, trad. But I muft beg leave to fay that, B or whom he thought handfomer 3 and in my opinion, if there can be a religious many a wife would treat her hufband and facred engagement amongft mortals, and his affairs with contempt and neglect* the marriage contract is fuch ; and it is on purpofe to force him to content to a for the intereft of mankind that it mould be divorce, that (he might marry another thought to be fo. I am as much an enemy man (he liked better, or perhaps merely to fuperftition as any gentleman in this for the fake of novelty. Therefore 1. houfe ; but I am afraid,'that if we go about have (aid, that this liberty of divorce by to aboli fh all manner of fuperftition, we q mutual confent is as little agreeable to the mall aboli m religion itfelf : Like Jack in good of fociety, as it is to the principles the tale, we (hall tear our coat to pieces of the pureft Chriftianity. But by this by going too roughly to work in tearing bill we are to go a great deal further s off the lace and embroideries ; and both We are to introduce divorces without the men and women are fo apt in this age to * confent of either of the married parties $ forget and tranfgrefe the marriage vow, for to declare a marriage void, if not ce- that I am far from thinking it a proper lebrated with all the punctilios prescribed time for endeavouring to remove, even n by this bill, is really to divorce the huf- that fuperftitious character of fanttity, " band and wife from each other, and to which our anceftors wifely took care to oblige them, if they live together, not te (lamp upon it in the minds of the people, live as hufoand and wile, but as whore Whether the legiflative authority can de- and rogue 1 fo that, according to the late clare void and null a marriage vow, or merry catch, whore and rogue will no indeed any vow that has nothing irreligi- more be called humand and wife, but on ous or immoral in the performance, is a the contrary, humand and wife will be queftion that I muft (uppofe the reverend called whore and rogue, and actually bench maturely confidered, before they £ treated as fuch by law* contented to this bill ; but I never yet But now, Sir, fuppofia* that the legif. heard that the legiflative authority of this lature has power, or rather a right, to kingdom took upon them todifpenfe with prefcribe what forms and ceremonies it any oath or vow that was not^ from its pleafes to the marriage contract, and to own nature originally, or had not .from declare every marriage void and nuM, fome future accident become in itfelr void where all the punctilios prefcribed are and null, if it was made by fuch perfons not exactly observed, which, notwfth- as could any way be fuppofed capable of « (landing the authority of the reverend knowing the nature of the oath or vow * bench, I am far from being fatiafied they had made. about, yet the bill now before us I muft As to the practice of the primitive be againft, becaufe I think it abfoluteljr Christians, or rather the practice of the inconfiftf nt with the publick good of tlu> firft Chriman emperors, though I am 00 kingdom. The other houfe bad fome ma- civilian, yet I have heard civilians talk fon, and fome fort of right, to agree to upon the fubject of divorces by mutual it, becaufe they reprefent tbemfelves and confent ; and according to their opinion, thofe of their own body only, and ba- it was a practice rather permitted than G caufe, fliould the bill be pafled into a law, authorised. Amongft the Heathen Ro- they will thereby gain a very confiderable mans a mod extenfive liberty of divorce and a very particular advantage j for or repudiation had for a long time been they will in a great meafure fecure all the allowed, though contrary even to their rich heireues in the kingdom to thofe of old law, and to the very definition they their own body. An old miier, even of *• Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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i753« P*e>c*!Din©4 tf the Political Clvi, Gfr. 363 the loweft birth, it generally ambitious of Betides this, Sir, the bill plainly tends . fiaring fab only daughter married to a towards introducing into this country * 4ord, and a guardian has generally (ome diftindion, which is inconfirtent with our felfifh view, or feme intereft to ferve, bv constitution. In other countries they have getting his rich ward married to the eldeft diftindions eftabttOied and ftill kept up, Ion of fome duke, marquift, or earl j fo between what they call their nobleflc and that when a young commoner makes his their burghers, boors, or roturttrs. In ftddreflts to a rich heirefs, he has no friend a fome countries a nobleman lofes his eftate but his (uperior merit, and that little dei- if he marries below his rank; and in ty called Love, whofe influence over a France one of their noblefle mult not young lady always decreafee as me in- marry a roturitrt. What is the confe- creafes in years j for by the time (he quence, efpecially in France ? The mar- comes of age, pride and ambition (tizes . riages of their quality are fomething like fc>ofleffion of her breaft tikewift, and ba- the marriages of fovcreign princes : The nifties from thence the little deity called bride and bridegroom fome times have Love, or if he preferves a corner for his never feen one another, till they m«et to friend, it is only to introduce him as a B be married. Can any love or affe&ion be gallant, not a hufband. The/efore 1 may expected between fuch a married couple r prophefy, that if this bill pafles into a Accordingly, it for the moil part happens; law, no commoner will ever marry a rich The bride goes to bed, perhaps, the firft heirefs, unlefs his father be a minifter of nffeht with the bridegroom, but the next, Hate, nor will a peer's eldeft fon marry if not before, with her gallant ; and con- the daughter of a commoner, unlefs (he jugal love or fidelity is now become fo be a rich beirefs. rare in that country, that it Is deemed From hence will appear, Sir, the par- q fcandalous for a lady of quality not to* ticolar advantage which the other houfe have a gallant, or for a Man of quality to had in pafflng this bill, and as they are be feen at any publick diverfion with his Hot chofen by the people, we have often wife, unlefs his miftrefs be known to be found that they (hew no great regard to in company. Can any man be defirous of the intereft of the people, when it hap- introducing fuch cuftoms into this coun- f>ens to come in competition with the try ? Yet fuch cuftoms will certainly be particular Intereft of their own body, the coniequence, as our quality and rich But we in this houfe, Sir, represent the people will by this bill acquire the abfo- people, and as the intereft of the people D lute difpofal of their children in marriage; and that of the nation muft always be for whilft the father is alive, even the {he fame, whatever advantage may ac- court of chancery is to have no power to cme to our noble and rich families from authorise a proper marriage without hie this bill, if It be againft the national in- confent, let his refufal be never fo whim- tereft and that of the people, we ought fical or felfifli. not to confent to its being parted into a In this country, Sir, we as yet know law. As to the national intereft, I think of no distinctions with regard to marri- it is allowed, that to prevent the a ecu- g age : A gentleman's, a farmer's daugh~ irmlation of wealth, and to difperfe it as ter is a match for the eldeft fon of the beft much as poffible through the whole body lord in the land, and perhaps a better of the people, is a maxim religioufly ob- match than his father would chufe for ferved m every well regulated fociety. him, becaufe the will bring good and Riches is the blood of the body politick : wholefome blood into the family. It is It muft be made to circulate : If you al- this equality that gives fuch fpirit to our low it to ftagnate, or if too much of it middling fort of gentlemen, and to our be thrown Into any one part, it will de- common people in general : It is this that ftroy trie body politick, as the fame caufe F makes the infantry of our armies fuperior often does the body natural •. If this bill to any in the world. And I believe it pafles, our quality and rich families will .would no way derogate from the health,* dairy accumulate riches by marrying only ftrength or fpirit of our nobility, if, out one another 5 and what fort of breed of pure love, they married the daughters' their offspring will be, we may eafily of our middling fort of gentlemen oftner judge s If the gout, the gravel, the pox than they do j for the offspring of con- and madnefs are always to wed together, jugal love have generally more fpirit, and what a hopeful generation of quality and q morefenfe too, than the offspring of con- rich commoners mall we have amongft jugal duty. But fuch marriages will be its ? What a fine appearance will they rendered almoft impoflible by this bill. make at the head of our army, mould we At prefent, indeed, our nobiKty are not aver happen to be invaded by a foreign quite fo fqueamifh as thofe of France or enemy ? - Germany 1 They do not think, nor do Zis oer Digitized by UOOQ IC

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364 JUocEEDiwqs *f the Political Club, fif*. £ttfr pur laws render it beneath them to mar- paffiont that all the marriages both of ry the daughter of a tradefman or mer- rich and poor" ought to be owia§» though chant, if flie J>e one whofe f-ther has they arc fometimes, efpecially among the heaped up, by whatever means, a large rich, directed by the pailions' of avarice fum of money, and has no child but her 5 or ambition ; /but by this bill, I am afraid, and if the father was become rich before, you will oblige the' poor to take fo long or.foon after (he was born, /he is gene- time to confidcr what they axe about, rally bred up to be good for as little, and » that many of .them will get the better of %o be as proud, expenfive and whimfical tt their paflfona, purfue the dictates of wif- *s any lady of quality whatfoever. dom, and prevent their repenting after, But, Sir, thp moft pernicious confe- . by repentW before marriage. quence of this bill will be, its preventing Among the poor, Sir, there are many marriage among the moft ufeful, I will marriages made, and even fuch as prove hot fcruple to fay, the heft fort of our peo- very happy, that never would have been pie. The healthy ? the ftrong, the labo- made, if lb much as one proclamation of rious and the brave, I may juftly call fo. banns had been neceflary. I myfeK have Jt is from their labour our quality derive B made many fuch 1 Gentlemen need not their riches and their fplendor : It is to be furprifed j for in the county where I their courage all of us owe our fecurity. fometimes ,refide, I have the honour to Shall we, (or the fake of prevcnting,a few be a juftice of the peace, and for the fake misfortunes fo the rich and great amongft of my neighbours often ad as fiich. Of us, make any law which will be a bar to cburfe I have had feveral country wenchee the lawful procreation of fuch fort of men brought before me by the pariw officers fn this country ? Gentlemen may talk for being with child : She names the fa- what thsy will about the proclamation of q ther, generally fome young country fei- banns, and about marriage being an af- low in the neighbourhood : He is imme- fair of fuch importance that it ought to diately fent for, and confefTes his being be gone about, with caution and delibera- the father : The confeqnence is, he mull tion : But among the poor marriage ne- either agree to marry her, or go to Bride* ver was, or ever can, be the effect of wif- well: If he agrees to the firft, I fend dom and forefight : Even among the rich them direclly to church, and they are pre- it feldom is fo : And for this rcafon the fently married. But if this could not be ^otient heathens feigned, that Minerva, done in left than a month, or even a who was the goddefs of wifdom, feldom E> week, do you think any fuch marriage |f ever chofe to be prefent at any nuptial could happen ? No, Sir : The young feU ceremony. Would a poor labouring man, low would in that time march off, and who can by hard labour earn but a little leave both the girl and the pari/h in the more than is nece/Tary for fupporting him- lurch. Another cafe often happens : A felf in what he may think an elegant young man by accident obtains a favour manner : Wpuld fuch a man, I fay, in- of a girl of character } a girl for whom cumber bim'felf with a wife and children, he has a great and real regard : She proves if he were directed by nothing but . the, £ with child : To fave her character, and dictates of wifdom and forefight ? It is to atone for the injury he has done her, certain he wou)d not. But God Almigh- he refolves to marry her privately, fo that ty has indued all animals, and mankind none of the neighbours (hall know but ' among the reft, with an ungovernable that they were married before the child a,nd irrefiftible paflion, which leads them was begot. But if this bill pafles he can- to the procreation of their fpecies 5 and not do fo, becaufe he does not know how rather than not fatisfy this pafiion, they to get a fpecial licence from the archbi- Will fubmit to any hardships, they will (hop, or cannot well fpare to pay for it * expofe themfelvcs to any dangers. * They muft then be married at the parifli In this paflton or infttncl, Sir, as well church where one of them refides 1 Th« as every ,o^her, we may fee, and we time of the marriage could not then be ought to admire the wifdom of the crea~ concealed ; and if flie mould be brought tipn ; and as God Almighty certainly de- to bed in four or five months, it would figned, that m mkind mould live in a mar- very much derogate from her character, ried rtate, he has indued us with another and not a little hurt his own 5 the thoughts more tender and elegant paffion which we of which might make him reiolve not to call love, and which often, if indulged, G marry hep at all, and we have no law for becomes as ungovernable and as irrefifti- compelling him. ble as the oth$r. It is to thefe two paf- A multitude of cafes might be put, Sir, fions, and not to the didrates of wifciom, for /hewing the inconvenience of absolute* that moft of the marriages among the ly prohibiting, or annulling all private or •opr are owing{ and it is t» thefe two, fudden marriages. In ihort, it fecme to Digitized by VjOOQLC

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1753- PitocBB din-os tf ^Political Club, &c. 365 bt flying in the face of Providence, by which may become burthenfome to th* enafting, that that pauura which God parith. Do thefe wifeheads think* that Almighty has made the, caufe, and which labourers, fervants, common feamen awl ought to be the caufe of every marriage, foldiers are not necefTary for the fupport ihall not be the caufe of any marriage in and fecurity of this kingdom? Or do they this country. And it is certain, that pro- think, that the paffion I have mentioned,* clamation of banns and a publick marri- which has been implanted by the Author©* age is againft the genius and nature of . nature in all creatures, for the procreation our people : It (hocks the modefty of a A of each refpecttve fyecies, is not as ltroa* young girl to have it proclaimed through and as violent among the poor as the rich? the parim, that (he is going to be married 5 Sir, I will be hold to fay, it is equally and a young fellow does not like to be ex- ftrong, and perhaps more effectual for the pofed fo long before-hand to the jeers of end intended 5 and if you render mam-* all bis companions ; and to be married age among that fort of people fo difficult by licence cofts more money than poor and expensive, you mud by publick auw people can well fpare; How fond our thority fet up a common ftew in every people are of private marriages, and of B parifh : If you do not, you will be the faving a little money, we may be con- caufe of the murder of many infants, ei~ irinced of by. the multitude of marriages ther after they are bora, or by abortion, at Keith's chapel* compared with the before they come to the time of their number at any parim church. I have birth: Nay, I tremble to think of, Idif- made an enquiry, and I have been told, dain to name the nafty the abominable* that at Keith's chapel there have been crime, which this bill may be the caufe of $000 married in a year, whereas at St. rendering as frequent in this country as ft Anne's church, which is a very populous q is in too many others, parifh, and a very convenient church for And for what, Sir, are we to bring private marriages by licence, there are fel- all thefe mifchiefs upon our native coun- dom above 50 marriages in a year 5 yet try ? That my young lord, or the young the difference in the expence is not above rich 'fquire, forfooth, may not beinducea % or 10s. but this is fometimes near, equal to marry his mother's maid, or a neigh-? to the whole (lock of the married couple, bouring farmer's daughter, who may proz end coafequently no wonder they mould bably make him a better wife, and render be for faving it. him more happy, than if he had married It is therefore evident; Sir, that this D the richeft heirefs in the kingdom : Of bill, if paired into a law, will in a great that young mifs may not run away with meafure prevent marriage among our la- her father's footman, who may matte bet borious and induftrious fort of people ; a better hufbaod, than any lord or rich and a« to all our itinerant fort of men, it 'fquire (he, or even her father, could have* will render marriage almoft impofflble 5 chofen. Such marriages, I (hall grant, for by this bill a man muft refide at leaft a Sir, are a great disappointment to the month in one parim, before he can pofli- avarice or ambition of the parents ; but bly be married without a licence, which g they are rather ef advantage than of pre* he is not perhaps able to pay for. How judice to the community 5 and if the mar- then can our feamen, our foldiers, our ried couple are unhappy, it generally pro- bargemen who live in their barges, as ceeds from the cruel, unnatural, unfor- many of thera do, and our waggoners giving temper of the parents, which our* who live at the inns where their waggons laws mould rather endeavour to re&ify put up : I fay, how can any of thefe men than encourage. But if this bill be pafled marry without a licence ? Nay, even with into a law, the parents may relent, the a c mmon licence they cannot marry, un- parents may forgive j but lex eft res furdm lefs they are to be married to a woman F & hextabilis : The law will neither re- who has refided a month in the parim lent nor forgive : The married couple where me then is. Muft not every gen- muft be looked on as whore and rogue, tleman thus fee, what difficulties and dif- and their children born before they are couragements this bill will throw in the again married muft all be baftards j for, way of marriage among the poor ? And contrary to the cuftom of all other coun- indeed I muft obferve, that the humour tries, a future marriage does not by our of preventing the poor from marrying law legitimate the children born before prevails too much of late in all parts of q it ; therefore if this bill panes, I hope this country : Our numerous bills for in- our law will in this refped be altered, and doling commons have a great tendency this made more agreeable to common fertfe. way ; and thofe wife parim politicians, But fuppofing. Sir, that a young gen- cal»ed parish-officers, are every where de- tleman or lady's marrying below their 'ft roying cottages, becaufe they encourage rank were as great a misfortune to their the poor to marry and beget children, 5 , families Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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366 PtoetiDiNos of AfePbtiTicAL Club, ©V. Aug. natnuhea it it it generally deemed to be. atious law-fuittj bat the tetter ne hmit eteeay in a great meatare be prevented legiflature can, or ought to pretend to do. hf a proper education. If due care be We were aflced, Sir, by the Hon. and to implant right notions in their learned gentleman, why a man, when he •arlp pesajb, and to learn them betimes comes of age, miy not be imitled to avoid tn> oarb their paAons, they will , not con- a marriage contract, as well as every other frrt wish people below their rank fo fa- contrail he made while he was under age, aaiBariy as to fall in love with any of ^ without the confent of his parents or tjseaa ; or they wMl ftiflc the paJRon in its guardians. The reafon is very plain, left*; and unsafe that paifion, by indul- When a man avoids a contra& fo made becomes violent, no fucb mar* whUft under age, he is obliged to reftore stage can ever happen. And fuppofing what he got by virtue of that centred 1 that even by this means the misfortune but if a young fellow of 19 or ao marries eaurid not be prevented, yet it does not a woman and contaminates chat marriage, ttatow, that we moil prevent it by a pub- he cannot reftore, and therefore the law Sell law* How many great and ancient of God, and hitherto the law of man, flaneilUii are daily ruined, and the family » obliges him to abide by that contract. cafes* squandered, by the extravagance And the reaJbn why the canons aBow at* one man who happens to be left in the a boy at 14 to avoid a marriage made by entail ? Should we for this reafon pafs a him before that age, is, because till then s»Jf far rendering intaUs perpetual ? Our be is fuppofed not capable to contaminate 1 would all cry out, the law can- the marriage. But I will aik the learned not endure perpetuities* I could men- gentleman in my turn, whether a young tjoo many other misfortunes that cannot follow of iS or 19 may not be guttty of, he prevented by pubiick laws, but muft q and punimed for a rape r And I will fiiy, ft* fak to the education, the morals and that there it the fame difference between the cuftome of the people j and this of a man who deflowers a gni under the tassidfiftSnr marriages I take to be a mif- pretence of a marriage, which he knows lamina of this kind. They are feme- to be void in law, and a man who ra- taejet pernicious, but this law would be vimet a girl, that there is between a man anore pernicious than they ever can be, who cheats me out of my purfe by salfe tntatsc itmoft flagrantly unjuft. dice, and a man who robs me of it ape* The Hon. and learned gentleman talked, the highway. The former, in both cafe* Sir, of one of our old laws having laid V is the greateft criminal of the two, fho* the penalty upon the moft innocent 1 I not fo feverdy punimed by lew ; but t*n> suae, yon do fo by this bill in the tardy the leaft punulanent that ought to anoft glaring manner $ for you lay it upon be iufii&ed by law upon the firft fort of the children before they are born : You ravimer, is to oblige him to abide by the declare them baftards, and for ever in- marriage he has entered into. And whilft capable of fucceeding to the eftate either I am upon this fobje£ I muft obforve, of their father or mother. And as to the that you are to do by this hill what never fair test, inftead of being favourable for g yet was done by the laws of God, the them, I am certain it would prove a (hare laws of nature, or the laws of man : You for intrapping many of them to their are with refpe& to marriage to make the ruin. Such a law as this has proved fo age of confent the fame in women as it It in Ireland 1 It has already produced fome in men 5 therefore I muft say, that there efthemoft mocking barbarities. A young never was, I believe} a bill brought into woman is but too apt by nature to truft parliament, that made fo free with the to the honour df the man (he loves, and lawt of nature and of God, at the bill to admit him to her bed upon a folemn R does which is now, I hope for the left promife to marry her. Surely the moral * time, under our conflderation. obligation is as binding as if they had Now, Sir, with regard to the prevent - been actually married $ but you are by ing of law-taits about the validity of a this bill to declare it null and void, even marriage, or the legitimacy of children, tho* in writing. Nay, if he has actually is there any thing more plain than that married her, but not in the form by you they will be multiplied exceedingly, and prescribed, you are to declare both the the proof rendered much more difficult, obligation and the marriage null and by this bill, mould it be pafled into a void. Is not this taking upon youQ law. At preient the marriage xis eaflly to annul the laws of God ? There is proved whilft either of the parties ie a great difference, Sir, between declaring alive, and after the parents are both dead, that no aftton mall lie upon an obliga- I am told, that the children are not ob- tioo not duly attcfted, and declaring that lit*ed to prove the marriage, if their fa- obligation null and void. The former tier and mother lived together as man a' legiflature may do, for preventing vex- and Digitized by UOOQ IC

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f753- Solution of* Sua vet j nc Question. and wife, and were commonly refuted to be lb. Bat if this bill parts, not only the marriage muft be proved, but ft muft be proved to be fuch a marriage as Was not void by this law : That is to fay, that all the pvfidilios prefcribed by this bill were duly obferved. Thus a man 367 or a (core oft-times before they come of age 5 and they will meet with girls eves of character, that will agree to fiicb % marriage, becaufe the marriage, and their real or pretended ignorance of the law, will* be an excufe for their breach of cha* (Hty, and every one will hope, by her may get rid of his wife, or a wife of her ^ conduct and the charms of her perfon, to hufband, becaufe after a few years it '- — ^- - .-„ c^—j r „*— • cannot be proved, that they have refided ainonth in the parim before the banns were proclaimed or the licence granted. Thus a lady may be difappointed of her dower, becaufe her hulband negteaed, at the time of their marriage, fome of the requifite punctilios. And in the next fecure him as her hulband for ever. That this will be the ufe made of the bill by many, I am fully convinced 5 and there- fore as a facetious gentleman faid of a bill to the fame purpofe, and with tho feme tide, which was brought into this houfe a good many years ago, I think if you do pais this bill, you (hoold alter the age feveral gentlemen may perhaps be D title of it, and inftead of calling it a bill oufled of their eftates, becaufe their grand lather and grandmother were not mar- ried according to all the forms prefcribed. Por there is no time limited for com- mencing fuch fuits j fo that one would think the bill was defigned for multiply- ing law- fuits 5 and for this reafon, I make to prevent, you mould call it a bill to en- courage clan Jeftine marriages. In mort, Sir, not only the general fcopo of the bill, but almoft every claufe itt it, is, in my opinion, big with mif- chievous confluences j therefore, I hope* it will be dropt in the moft lefpedrol no doubt but that it will be a favourite Q manner, by committing it for this day bill among all the lawyers without doors, tho* as to thofe whhin, I am fare, that this will be no argument m its favour. taftry, Sir, as to polygamy, it is equally clear, that this bill will render that crime orach more frequent 5 for cunning fellows will always omit fome one of the forms two months j for if this is not previously agreed to, I muft give my negative to «hi motion, which I mould be fbrry to do t and if I am obliged to do fo, I hope, it will not be look'd on as any want of re* fpe& to the judges who brought it in, or to any lord who promoted its being paJM prefcribed, on purpofe, that if they are by the other houfe, lor all of whom I profecoted, they may mew that one of the \D have the greateft regard j buj whUft I marriages was void in law j and yon cannot convi& a man of having two wives, when the law exprefly lays, that one of them is not his wife. Then as to our rakim young lords and 'fquires, I am perfuaded, that many of them will marry a doxen have the honour to lit here, t mail 1 allow my regard for any one to bias me in giving my vote upon any queftion that comes before us. [Tbit Dibatb ami JouavAi to bt mm* tinund in our next.] To tbt Author of tbi LONDON MAGAZINE. S I R, Watford, July 18, 1753- IH A V £ attempted the folution of the furveying queftion in your f ' gazine for June> p. 279 * : How far I have fucceeded, I leave ID jronr better judgment ; and am, SIR, your humble fervanr, J, NOORTHOUCL THE fubftance of the queftion is, In the right- ^ P B C». Is* angled triangle AEC is given, BD = 1 1, 58, BC = X> E, and A E =: D C ; required the parts of the three included figures. LetJnn. $$,x=:DCz2AE9j=zBCzzDE. B Ay the known properties of the figures in queftion, W* obtain *rn>fe two equations, %** = 6% -}- yx9 and 9c : b : t *4-y : x, by the laft x* = b x 4. by% vjr = - — , Which & 2 isjf* = ^ • f which • Stt tm/thtr foJutien in our Ufa $• 33 ft Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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g€S Queftions proptfed. O/d Hbnky Jenkins. Aug. which value of j* being wrote for k in the firft equation will exterminate y, and give us an equation with one unknown quantity in tiiefe terms, x2nb*M -r- > which produces an adfe&ed anfwer thus, 2 b x* — *♦ =r i4. Now x being fuppofed knoWn, y, and by confequeuce all the fides of the triangles are determined. The angles are found by this proportion CD * R : : B D: z. BCD z= z. PDE, and z. B D C = z. PED = complement of the former ; all the reft are right angles. rBCx^iS f BCD 1 I*%» SPDX— f =areasof < PED fas was required. (abxbdj CABDPJ I did not take the trouble to work out the numbers, as I apprehend the theorems that produce them are fufficient ; and if they are true, the num- bers mult inevitably be true alfo. _r r _ .. ~ Henry the Eighth. I aflced what pcblick Si ^AUTHOR oftbeLO N D O N thing he could longeft remember? Ho MAGAZINE. frjd Flowden-rield. I aiked whether the SIR, king was there ? He faid no, he was in I LATELY happened to be in com- France, and the earl of Surrey was gene* pany where this queilion accidentally ral. I aflced him how old he might be arofe, " What may properly be called then ? He faid, I believe I might be be- State Trials ?" There were fome gentle- ^ tween 10 and 12 5 for, fays he, 1 was fent men prefent, who bear the character of to Northallerton .with a horfe-load of ar- being learned in the law ; by them and rows, bnt they fent a bigger boy from the reft of the company diverfe opinions thence to the army with them. All this Were given, but none admitted as con- agreed with the hiftory of that time j for clu0ve. It will therefore be very ob- bows and arrows were then ufrd, the liging, if by the means of your univer- earl he named was general, and king f*Uy read monthly collection, an anfwer Henry VIII. was then at Tournay. And to the above is procured from fome of yetitisobfervable, that this Jenkins could your learned correfyondents. B neither write nor read. There were alio I am, SIR, four or five in the fame parifli, that were Yourconiiaat reader, reputed all of them to be 100 years old* and humble fervant, or within two or three years of it, and VELLUM. they all faid he was an elderly man ever _ A . . _ f fince they knew him ; for he was bora Jh Arithmetical Queftion, by Mr. Todd. in another parith, and before any registers A MALT diftiller, whofe (lock is were in churches, as it is faid : He told ioo,oool. at compound intereft, has p me then too, that he was butler to the paid out of it (to advance in trade) monthly *~ lord Conyers, and remembered the abbot 639I. in. yd. f, and at 4 years end, has, of Fountains abbey very well before the but" 80,000 1. remaining: Quere, what ditfblution of the monasteries. Henry rate of intereft percent, per annum he Jenkins departed this life, December, 1670, had allowed ? at EUerton upon Swale in Yorkshire 5 the * _, battle of Flowden-fieid wasfought, Sept. 9, * rbtrredt Age o/HENRY JENKINS, IJI3f and hc wa8 tbout J% y^n ofd h Mrs, Anne Savilli. With bit wncn Flowden field was fought. So that Head beautifully engraved. Q this Henry Jenkins lived 169 years, via. WHEN I came firft to live at Bolton, 16 years longer than' old Parr, and was I was told feveral particulars -of the oldeft man born upon the ruins of this the great age of Henry Jenkins ; but I poftdilnvian world. In the lait century believed little of the ftory for many years, of his life be was a fither-man, and vied till one day he coming to beg an alms, I to trade in the ftreams : His diet was defired him to tell me truly how old he coarfe and four, but towards the latter east was ? He paufed a little, and then faid, of his days he begged up and down, lis that to the bed of his remembrance, p hath fworn in Chancery, and other courts, he was about 162 or 3} and I aflced, to above 140 years memory, and was what kings he remembered? He faid ofwa Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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*753- Odtous CrtARAcTiR of a LYAR. 369 often at the aflizes at York, where he ably and univerially defpifed, abandoned, generally went on foot j and 1 have heard and difowned ; he hat no domeflick cohfo- Fome of the country gentlemen affirm, lations, which he can oppofe to the cen- that he frequently fwam in the rivers after fure of mankind j he can retire to no fra- he was paft the age of too years. In the ternicy where his crime* may ftand in the King's remembrancer's office in the Ex- place of virtues ; but is given up to the chequer, is a record of a deposition in a niffes of the multitude, without friend caufe by Englifti bill, between Anthony * and without apologtft. It is the peculiar Clark and Smirkfon, taken 1665, at Ket- condition of falfchpod, to be equally de- tering in Yorkmire, where Henry Jen- tefted by good and bad. kins, of tfllerton upon Swale, labourer, It is natural to expect, that a crime thus aged 157 years, was produced and dc- generally detefted, mould be generally a- ^piofed as a witnefs. voided 5 at leaft, that none mould expo ft . . himfelf to unabated and unpitied infamy, Epitaph on a Monument ereffed at Bolton without an adequate temptation j and in Yorkfilire, by the Subfcription bffeve- that t0 gunt fo cafiiy detected, and fo fe- ra/t totbe Memory of Hinr y JtNKiNS. g verciy pUnimed, an adequate temptation Blufh not marble, would not readily be found. To refcue from oblivion Yet fo it is, that in defiance of cenfure The memory of *nd contempt, truth is frequently vio- Henry Jenkins. lated ; and fcarcely the moft vigilant and A perfon obfeure In birth, unremitted circumfpeclion will fee u re him But of a life truly memorable : that mixes with mankind, from being For hourly deceived by men of whom it can He was enriched q fcarcely be imagined, that they mean any With the goods of nature, injury to him, or profit to tbemfe.lves $ If not of fortune, even where the fubjeft of converfation And happy could not have been expe&ed to put the In the duration, paflions in motion, or to have excited If not variety, either hope or fear, or zeal or malignity* Of his enjoyments : fufficient to induce any man to put his And reputation in hazard, however little he, Tho' the partial work! might value it, or to overpower the love Defpifed and disregarded D of truth, however weak might be its ta- His low and humble ilate; fluence. The equal eye of Providence The cafoifts have 1 Beheld and blefled it finguiftied lies into the With apatriarch's health and length ofdayf, cording to their varioi To teach miftaken man nity 3 but they have, ^Thefe bleffings are entaiTd on temperance, omitted that which is A life of labour, and a mind at cafe. perhaps, not leaft m He lived to the amazing age of £ fince the moralifts hi 169. name, I (hall diftingi Was interred here, December 6, vanity. 1670. To vanity may be jufftly imputed mod And had this ju ft ice done to his memory, of the falfehoods, which every man pcr- 1743. eeives hourly playing upon his ear, and, perhaps, moft of thofe that ai e propagated From ^Abvint»rii. with fuccefs. To the lye of commerce, Quievnque turpi fiaude femel innottiit, and the lye of malice, the motive is fo Etiamfi iJera dicitj amittit fdem. Phsed. ** appa-.ent, that they are feldom negligently WHEN Ariftotle was once afked, or implicitly received : Sufpicion is a}» what a man could gain by uttering ways watchful over the practices of in- falfehoods ? he replied, " Not to be ere- ieieft 5 and whatever the hope of gaity dited when he mall tell the truth." or defire of mifchief, can prompt one The character of a liar is at once fo man tp affcrt, another i$ by reafoijf fateful and contemptible, that even of equally cogent incited to refute. But va* thofe who have loft their virtue it might nity plea fe* bcifclf with fuch flight grati- be expected, that from the violation ofp ficarions, and looks forward to pleafuie , truth they fhoUrd be retrained by their ** fo remotely consequential, that her prac- pride. Almoft every other vice that dif- tices raife no alarm, and her iiratagem# graces human nature, may be kept in are not eafily difcovered. countenance by applaufe and aflbciation t Vanity is, indeed, often (offered to paf* But the liar, and only the liar, i» icvari- uiipurfued by fufpiciori j bccaiiie he thai Aujuft, 1753, A *.* Would Digitized by VjOOQ iC

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37© Of Lyes of VAN IT. T. At7g. would watch her motions, can never be to whom all perfons and affairs are thua at reft: Fraud and malice are bounded in intimately known ? Their influence j fome opportunity of time ' This kind of faltehood is generally fuc- and place is ncceflary to their agency j cefsful for a time, becaufe it is praetifcd but fcarce any man is abftraeted enc mo- at fiift with timidity and caution : But merit from his vanity ; and he, to whom the profpenty of the liar is of (hort du- truth affords no gratifications, is generally ration ; the reception of one (lory is al- inclined tofeek them in falfehood. a ways an incitement to the forgery of an- It is remarked by Sir Kenelm Digby, other lefs probable ; and he goes on to •' that every man has a defne to appear triumph over tacit credulity, till pride or fu peri or to others, tho* it were only in reafon rife* up againft him, and bis corn- having feen what they have not feen." panions will no longer endure r© fee him Such an accidental advantage, iince it wifer than themfelves. neither implies merit, nor confers dignity, It is apparent that the inventors of all one would thirtk mould not be defired fo thefe fictions intend fome exaltation of much as to be counterfeited j yet even themfelves* and are led off by the purfuic this vanity, trivial as it is, produces innu- B of honour fMpm their attendance upon . merable narratives, all equally falfe ; but truth : Their narratives always imply more or lefs credible,' in proportion to the fome confequence in favour of their cou- Jtkill or confidence of the relator. How rage, their fagaciiy or their activity, their many may a man of diffufive converfati- , familiarity with the learned, or their re- on count among his acquaintance, whofe ception among the great ; they are aJ- lives have been fignalized by numberless ways bribed by the prefent pleafure of efcapes 5 who never crofs the river but in feeing themfelves fuperior to thole that a tWm, or take a journey into thecoun- Q furround them, and.receiving the homage try without more adventures than be- of filent attention and envious admiration, fel the knight errants of antient times, But vanity is fometimes incited to ticti- in pathlefs forefts or enchanted caftles ! on, by lefs vifible gratifications : The How many muft he know to whom por- prefent age abounds with a race of liar*, tents and prodigies are of daily occur- who arc content with the con^ptoufnefs of rence ; and for whom nature is houily falfehood, and whofe pride is to deceive working wonders in vifible to every other others without any gain or glory to tht-m- eye, only to fupply them with fubjects of n felves. Of this tribe it is the fupreme converfation ! " plea fu re to remark a lady in the play-houf* Others there are that amufe themfelves or the park, and to publifh, under the with the diftemination of falfehood, at character of a man fuddenly enamoured, greater hazard of detection and difgrace j an advertifement in the news of the next men marked out by fome lucky planet for day, containing a minute defcription of universal confidence and fnendfhip, who her perfon and drek j fiom this artifice^ have been confulted in every difficulty, indeed, no other effect can be expected entrufted with every fecret, and fommon- than perturbations which the writer tan ed to every tranfaction ; it is the fupreme £ never fee,' and conjectures of which he felicity of thefe men, to ftun all com pa- can never be informed * Some mifchier. Dies with noify information ; to ftifl however, he hopes he has done ; and to doubt, and overbear opposition with have done roifchief is of fome importance, certain knowledge or authentick intclli- He fets his invention to woik again, an£ gence. A liar of this kind, with a ftrong produces a narrative of a robbery, or m memory or brifk imagination, is often the murdt^ with ail the circumftance* of oracle of an obfeure club, and till time time and place accurately adjufted : This difcovers his impoftures, dictates to his p is a jeft of greater effect and longer dura- hearers with uncontrouled authority j for ** tion $ if he fixes hi* fctne at a proper «*if- If a publick queftlon be ftarted, he was tance, he may for feveialdays keep a wife grefenjrat the debate; if a new fafhion in terror for her hufband, or a mother Ui* e mentioned, he was at court the firft her fon j and pleafe himfclf with reflect - *lay of its appearance; if a new perfor- ing, that by his> abilities and addrefs,ioiai.e ittance of literature draws the attention addition is made to the miferics of life, of the pub&ck, he has patronized the au- There is, I think, an anuent law in thor, and fttn his work in manufcript ; Scotland, by which Itajhig- making was c^a- if a criminal of eminence be condemed Q piully punifhed. I am, indeed, far fxxoxx co die, he often predicted his fate, and defiring to increafe in this kingdom tli« tndeavoufed his reformation : And who number of execution! j yet 1 cannot out that lives at a diftance from the fceae of think, that they who deilroy the cotvfi, action will clare to contradict a man, Wh<» dence of focictv, weaken the credit o£ »n 'reports from his- own tyw and ears, suid teUigtnce, and inttrjupt tho fecunty o£ Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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j 753. Mk Horned State of the Cafe, &c. defended. 371 life j harrafs the delicate with fhame, and lately emptied of fome liquid, we are perplex the timorous with alarms ; might apt to fay it is empty or void, which ia very properly be awakened to a fenfe of reality it is, of matter of an equal den- their crimes, by denunciations of a whip- fity with water 5 .yet as it is full of air, - ping-poft or pi 'lory 5 fince many are fo I fuppofe, this gentleman will not ima- mfenfible of right and wrong, that they g»ne that there is a philofophical or abfo- have no ftandard of action but the law j lute vacuum in the veflel filled with air. nor feel guilt, but as they dread puniih- a So Vv« fey the receiver of an air pump TOent. , it full of air before we extract it 5 but on the extraction, we call that fpace To the AUTHOR «/^LONDON within the receiver a vacuum ; tho* by MAGAZINE. rubbing one fide of the receiver with our hand we can force light directly thro' it a SIR, . which (hews us, that the receiver is full ON reading your Magazine of March, of light. Now this feems to have been I there found; p. 119, fome queries the reafonwhy fome inconfiderate readers put to Mr. Home, author of the State of B have imagined philofophers to talk of an the caft, Sec. Thertfore, 1 hope you will abfolute vacuum, when in reality they grant me the fame favour you have done meant a comparative one only, as may this author, that is, to print the follow- be fecn plainly in the writings of Sir Ifaac ing remarks on the above letter * in your Newton, Mr. Boyle, &c— So, (as $hii Magazine author obferves) when we talk of vacui- Your humble fervant, ties, we muft only fuppofe p.rts or CANDIDUS, places filled with a fluid of a more fubtil p kind, whether it be the fame or of a THIS gentleman begins thus, " How *" different nature from what furrounds it, is it poflible to conceive his fluid and the more fubtil it is, the more pene- medium to be denferor rarer in one place trating and of the lefs refinance it muft than another, if we do not fuppofe a be. vaft number of interftirial vacuities to " As to the clecliical experiment men- be in the place where it is rarer?" By tioned in his note above, we have from our author** dating this queftion, I am thence fome reafon to'fuppofe, that there afraid, he is little acquainted with phy- is fuch an electrical ftream continually fical or philofophical inquiries j for if Difiuing from the fun, and that this may he had, he would have known, that the poflibly be the caufe of the motions of denfity and rarity of fluids, may be, and the planets ; but no one, I believe, will are, occafioned without either an inter- fuppofe, that this electrical ftream is more ftitial or abfolute vacuum- As, for in- denfe or powerful the farther it reaches Aance, fey mixing two fluids, a heavy from the center of the electrified body ; one that caufes great refinance, with a fince we know by experiment, that it lighter that caufes but little, this mixture reaches btit to a certain diftance,* and will be of a middle nature, i. e. it will „ grows the lefs powerful the farther it is prefs more than the lighter and left than ^ dirt ant from the electrified body.** the heavier. If we mix half a pint of This paragraph is fo full of inconfif- fpirit of wine with half a pint of water, tencies, that it (hews us nothing but the this mixture will prefs more, or caufe great confufednefs of its author. In the a greater refinance, than a pint of fpirit of firft place, he fays, that it is probable ■wine, and lefs than a pint of water 5 fo that ftreams of light of the fame nature that if this mixture and a pint of water with thofe in electricity are continually -were put in an oblong veflel, the water ifluing from the fun, and that poflibly would prefs into artd incorporate itfdf F t"i* may be the caufe of the morion of with the mixture till they both became of the planets : But how or in what man- as) uniformity ; orelfe, if the pores of the ner this is performed he feems as little to mixture were fo fmall as not to admit underftand as he does Mr. Home. For had the particles of water, it would prefs the he underftood him, he could not have ima- mixture fo far above the level of the wa- gi'ned, that he thought the action of light ter, till a fuperficjal inch of the mixture was more powerful at a great diifcmce preflTed with an equal weight with a roper- from the fun than it was near it. No, 6cial inch of the water, q but he would have found that Mr. Home This gentleman muft confider that many ** fuppofes juft the contrary, that the action authors, as well as people in common of light is the greateft, more expanfive converfation, when they fpeak of a vacuum, and penetrating, the nearer it is to the do- not mean a place altogether void of fun ; but that the preiTure (which pro- all ma ter, but only of matter of fuch a eteds from the light being condenfed into fefiAanGe 5 as when a veflel has been A a a 2 • ^-) mSee Mr. Home's anfwer to the faid letter, in «ar Ma$. fir April, f. 180. And tbt +*tfrrs reply, in 9ur Mag. fir June, f. x%u Digitized by VjOQQ LC

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$ji Of Am, Light, Electricitt, &c Aug. air) is the greateft the farther it recedes dy.— When the electrical light, or the aire from the body of the fun. which are rarefied, divided and made So, therefore, on considering Mr. (mailer by the motion of the glaSi glob* Home's account, and this author's, with ajainft the hand, are fuffered to expand the utmoft impartiality I am matter of, themfelves all around the glafs globe, wuh- I cannot help thinking but that this au- out being conducted in a Stream, thro* thor's ideas of the caufes for the motion the pores of a wire or fome other pro- of the planets are very confufed, even to ^ per body, then the farther they recede himfelf ; however, I doubt not but they from the globe, the more denfe and left will be fo to the world, till he can explain powerful the light or electrical effluvia them in a clearer manner than he has will be, in the fame manner as heat is done In the above letter. On the con- all around a globe of fire.— But on the trary, I think Mr. Home's account to be contrary, when this electrical light it ▼cry Simple and clear, making their mo- conducted in* a ftream, as this author tions to proceed from two actions, viz. fuppofes, by proper conduits, as a wire, $hat the planet obftruaing the rays of Sec. it then acts with as great force at a light proceeding from the fun, it is there » diftance as it docs nearby 5 there having reflected, and by that means divides the been experiments which prove, that by a airs, and caufes a greater rarefaction on communication of a wire electricity acts onefide of the planet than there is on the full as Strong at a great many hundred Other ; and as it is the natural quality of yards diftanceas it does within one. An4 the airs which are denfer, to endeavour by this experiment it feems probable, that to prefs into the places poSTefled of airs of could a wire be carried from an electrical .* more fubtil or finer nature, fo we nwft machine, here at Oxford, to the Eaft of imagine, that thefc airs on the oppofite Q Weft-Indies, it would ad with as much fide of the planet will be more denfe than power or Strength there as it does here thofe rarefied and divided by the action of within a yard of the machine. the fun on the fide of the planet next to «' That there is fuch a fluid as light, it, and of confcquence thefe denfe airs, and that it is more fubtil, and of a nature by their endeavour to force themfelves in- very different from air, we know by many to the places pofleffed by the more fubtil experiments ; therefore we may very rea- ©r finer, muft carry the planet round its fonably, and I may fay experimentally own axis, by their force or preffure ; e- ^ fuppofe that the interstitial vacuities of fpecially as that planet js furrounded and u rarefied air are filled with this fluid called Jupported by thefe very airs. light, &c." Here this gentleman Seem* So we find, as was before obferved, to own as much as is required of him, that Mr. Home thinks the motion of the viz. that the vacuities of air are fitted planets proceeds from two actions ; the with light $ but then he fays it is proved rarefaction which is caufed by the fun on by many experiments to be of a different one fide, and the prefling in of the con- nature from air. — Now as Mr. Home fays denfed air on the other 5 and net from it is of the fame nature as air, the proof that inconfiftent and unintelligible action E whether it is or not, feems of great con- of light, which this author feems to ima- fequenceinthisdifpute. — On examination, gine j Likewife, that Mr. Home fuppofes I imagine, we (hall find it to be of the the light to be more denfe the farther it fame nature, notwithstanding this an- recedes from the fun, and that it is then thor's afTerting the contrary in fo positive lefs powerful, and not more powerful, as a manner; as I find he does other thing* this author feems to have understood him 5 he has taken on truft, which by expert* therefore I would advife this gentleman to ment we find juft contrary to this gentle- give his pamphlet a fecond reading, and p man's aflertion ; therefore do now caU then I hope, if he does not like it better, upon him to produce one of his many ex- he will at lead understand it better. * perimenU, which prove air to be of a dif- This gentleman fays, n That we know ferent nature or eflence to light. How- from experiment that it reaches (that is, ever, if he cannot bring experiments to the action of electricity) but to a certain prove it of a different nature, I wooJd diftance, and grows the lefs powerful the defire him to read Mr. Pcnrofe's treatise farther it is diftant from the electrified pn electricity, where be will find many body.** I am afraid this author is H'tJe experiments which prove air convertible converfant with electricity or electrical G into fire, and light, and one that provevfire experiments, for if he was, he would not and light is convertible into air j ecMl eft have advanced a thing wh.ch he fays is nature always acts with uniformity esse! proved by experiment, when in reality it never in contradiction, fo, I doubt nor km* is directly contrary to it ; as that the elec- thofe many experiments he talks of aw to be trical Stream grows the \tfs powerful the found no whexx but in his own ill! ^inMJQP. farther it is diftant from the electrical bo- Te Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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m \75%. Another Solution of the Surveying Queftion. To tho Author, of th$ LONDON MAGAZINE. YOUR inferring the following folntkm to the queftion in your Maga- zine for Jane, p. 279, (fee p. 367.) will much oblige Crick, July Y our humble fervant, 28, 1753. R ** • zk + az, x+ + zaz* 4" **** 1 -J-tf« = ^- ^ ** ; then ft*r 47 Euc. I . ) <* * + 2afc -f- x& — a* r= *•*, and gg -f" 2* z = sas -J- 2tf« "B *#, reduced z3 + 2*** = 2a3. "Hence* =9,7 1 8, andtf-{"* = DC = A £ = 21,298, whence (fer 47 Euc. 1.) *• 5= 17,872, and PD=AB=: 15,002. Thenar trigonometry a •+■« : 1 : : x : — --— = fine Z. D =; 570 2' 52" J, which taken from 900, leaves the Z. C ;= 320 57' 7" $ ; confequently, *he other angles are known (4, 5, 6, 7 Eucl. 6.) C A. R 0 & *D 1 / / And the area of the - Z.CBD= 101 15,64224! 19,57056 V required* a ABDP = ADPE = "7 7 6,31548) /f Summary of the mtfi wtfortamt Affair* h tbt loft Seffion of Parliament. Con- tinued fhm p. 330. f THE fame day, to wit, Jan. 23, a mo- tion was made and leave given to brine: in a bill, to oblige (hips more effec- tually to perform their quarantine, and a for the better preventing the plague be- fog brought from foreign parts into Great- Britain or Ireland, Ac. and that the lord Barrington, Mr. Horatio Walpole, fenior, Mr. fecretary at war, Sir C«orge Lyttle- ton, Mr. Ellis, Sir William Calvert, and Mr. Barrel, ftioutf prepare and bring in the fame. Feb. 8*, the bill was accordr ingl? prefented by the lord Barrington, B read a firft time, and ordered to be read a fecond time, and to be printed. The aoth, it was read a (econd time, and comr mitted to a committee of the whole houfe for that day feven-night ; but the houfe did not refolve itfclf into the faid commit- tee until March the ift ; and as there were ' claufes in the bill by which it was propo- Q fed to be ena&ed, That ourjconfuls abroad residing in any part of the Ottoman domi- nions, or iruany other port, when his ma- jefty, his heirs or fucccflbrs, fliculd (0 order in council, mould fee that the mailer of every (hip which mould touch at any place within his confular diftriO, mould, at the cods and charges of the faid mailer, be provided with a yellow jack with a fwallow tail j and mould flgn and deliver to every fuch mailer, upon reafonable re- queft, a bill of health, and ntanifeft, cer- tifying the quantity and quality of all goods taken on board, at what time the la(l peftilential contagion, or fuQricion thereof, began } what number of perfona • were fuppofed to have died of the plague * and when it apparently ended within hie jurifdi&ion : That no fuch matter mould prefume to enter the Britifli channel, or any port or harbour within or belonging to the Britifti dominions, without hoift- ing the faid yellow jack, at fome confpi* cuous pact of his (hip, as a fignal to all boats not to approach, except boats car- rying pilots $ nor mould ftrike the faid jack, till allowed by the proper officer of quarantine: nor fhould vifit any (hip m the Bntim teas, or fend his boat on more in any part of his majefty's dominions, unlefs in cafe of urgent neceflity, or in fuph cafes as were allowed by the ad: That Digitized by Google

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g74 Summary of the lafi Sdfion of Parliament* Aug. That no matter (hould hoUl a yellow jack the faid iflands, or mould be forced up eU as aforefaid, unlefs he had received it ther of the channels, he (hould not pre* from a Brit ifh conful for the fore- men ti- fume to enter wich fuch (hip into any oned purpofes t That no perfon, except port, bat (hould remain in fome open fuch as were properly authorized by the road, till he received orders from his ma- iling or his privy council, mould take from jefty, or his privy council j and mould on beard any (hip, where the faid jack was take care to prevent any of his (hip's dying, any letters, or other thing what- j^ company from going out of his (hip, and foever : And that any (hip wearing a yel- to avoid all intercourfe with other Jhips low jack, as aforefaid, being forced on or perfon* ; and the mailer or any per- thore, or otherwife diftrefled, (hould be fon on board difobedient herein, to be afli rted by the officers of the cuftpms, or guilty of felony, and fuffer death, with- t>y perfons authorifed by them only. To out benefit of clergy j the trial to be In ail which regulations the puniihmcnt of tie county where the offence was com - death, or fame very high penalty, in cafe mitted, or In the county where the off en- of a breach thereof, was intended to have der (hould be apprehended, been annexed. But the whole was ob- B Jan. 23, leave was upon motion given to je&ed to, as being of dangerous confe- bring in a bill foj enforcing the laws againit quence, 1. B^caufe in time of war this perfons who fhould (teal or detain (hip- yellow jack would be a fignal and an en- wiecked goods, and for relief of perfons couragement to the enemy's privateers to fuffer ing lories thereby ; and it was order- attack every fuch \ (hip, by letting them ed, that Mr. Gray, Sir Richard Lloyd, Sir know, that (he was not only a merchant- Edmund Thorrias, Mr. Bond, Sir George fliip, but a rich Turkey (hip. 2. That in Lyttleton, Mr. Burrel, and Mr. John time of war all (hips homeward bound Q Gore (hould prepare and bring in the fame, would hoift fuch a yellow jack, to pre - Feb. 14, there was prefented to the houfe vent any prefs-gangs from coming on and read, a petition of the merchants, board to prefs the men. And, 3. In time traders, and infurers of the city of London, of peace as well as war, all fmuggling vef- whofe names were thereunto fubferibed, tfels, or (hips designing to run any goods in behalf of themfelvce and all others, con- clandeftinely on (hore, would always keep cerned in the trade and navigation of thefe fuch a yellow jack hoifted, to prevent kingdoms, representing the inefficiency of any cuftom-houfe officers from coming on _ the act of the izth of queen Anne, for prt- board ; and in particular it would be a D ferving (hipwrecks, and expreffing their great protection for (hips carrying wool gratitude for the houfe's ordering in this from Ireland to France. Thefe objections bill, and their apprehenffon of the necef- were thought fo ftrong, that the whole fity of fome more effectual remedy 5 and of thefe regulations relating to the yellow on the jfth the bill was prefented to tke jack were left out of the bill by the com- houfe by Mr. Gray, read a firfl time, and mittee, and feveral other amendments ordered to be read a fecond lime, and to having been made to it, and agreed to up- be printed. The 26th, it was read a fe- on the report, the bill was read a 3d time £ cond time and committed to a committee and paffed March 16 $ and being fent to of the whole houfe for the Thurfday fol- the lords it met there likewife with fome lowing 5 but the houfe did not refohe amendments, which were agreed to by itfelf into the faid committee until March the commons, April 10, and the bill re- is, and feveral material amendments be- ceived the royal a(Tent, April 17 ; the ing therein made to the bill, and agreed principal new regulation now contained to upon the report, the bill was read a 3d in it being, that if the plague (hould ap- time, Aprjfc 1 7, paffed, and fent to the pear on board any (hip to the northward lords, who made but one amendment to of Qape Finifferre, the matter (hould im- " it, which the commons agreed to, May 14, mediately proceed to the harbour of New and next day it received the royal affent. In Grimfby in the iflands of Scilly *, and this act likewife there was a very material (hould make known his cafe to fome offi- daufe left out, which was in the bill cer of the cuftoms there, who (hould im- as it was firft brought in ; for when a mediately acquaint fome cuffom- houfe of- (hip is ffranded and plundered by the fleer of fome near port of England there- people upon the coaft, the great difficulty of, and he with all poflible fpeed to fend is to difcover who are the criminal* : The intelligence thereof to one of his majefty's Q poor feamen being quite ftrangers, per* principal fecretaries of ftate. That the haps foreigners, know none of tltcm, faid (hip (hould,remain at the faid iflands, and the whole neighbourhood being con' till his majefty's pleafure (hould be known, cerned as accomplices in the dime, ral^e? nor (hould any of her crew go on (hore. care to conceal one anothe» j therefoce But that in cafe the matter of the faid in the bill as nfft brought in there was, (hip fo infected (hould not be able to make anJ • See tin dijcrifdtn and maf *f thefe ijlands in London Magazine^ Api il /^,/. if(, x Digitized by VjOOQLC

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*753* Summary of the taft Seffion of Parliament. . 375 and ftill is in the act, a claufe for obliging lord George Sackville, colonel Haldane, the clerk of the peace of the county Sir William Yonge, &c. but as lord George where the crime was committed, upon Sackville's chief reafon for opposing it, delivering to him an information or ex- was its being a new claufe which he had amination upon oath before a proper ma- not fumciently considered, the earl of giftrate, that fuch crime was committed Egmont withdrew his motion, in order within his county, to caufe the offender to have it. amended by concert, and again or offenders to be forthwith profecuted ^ offered upon the report. Accordingly for the fame at the expence of the conn- upon the 15th, when the report from ty j but as the informer, in fuch cafe, cart the committee was received, a claufe was very rarely give the name of any fuch offered by lord George Sackville, forim- offender, and as the clerk of the peace powering the prefident of a regimental may eafily, and probably will anfwer, court martial to examine the witneflei that he cannot difcover any of the offen- upon oath, in cafe ne thought the affair ders, therefore in the bill, as it was nrft of importance, or the foldier to be tried brought in, there was another claufe, fhould require the fame. As this like- by which it was propofed to be enacted, B wife was oppofed, it occafioned a long That in cafe any of his majtfty's fub- debate, in which the principal fpeakers jects, or others, fhould be injured by were, Sir William Yonge, Mr.Hardinge* the lofs or fpoil of his (hip, asaforefaid, col. Haldane, Sir Richard Lloyd, col. Con- to the value of or .upwards, and no way, Mr. Hay, and lord Hillfborough, perfon in the county where it happened, againft the claufe j and Mr. Fazakerly, fhould be profecuted and convicted there- the earl of Egmont, admiral Vernon, upon within after notice given Mr. Northey, Sir George Lyttleton, Mr, thereof to the clerk of the peace, or his q Prowfe, and Mr. Fox, in its favour; but deputy, by delivering the examination in at laft the previous queftioa was moved writing of the fact, taken upon oath as by Mr. George Grenville, and being of aforefaid, then it fhould be lawful for any courfe put, was carried in the negative $ fuch proprietor to fue fuch county for the and this claufe not being again offered damage fofuftained, by action at law againft upon the third reading, as it might have the clerk of the peace of the county where been, the bill paffed both houfes without any fuch fact Aiould be commit ted} provided the addition of any fuch claufe. that fuch action fhould not he for more , As the bounties payable upon corn cx- than for (he county to anfwer or D ported were dill very much in arrear,.a pay, with refpect to any one ihip, and great number of petitions were this fef- the cargo and provifion thereof; and that fion, as well as laft, prefented to tho fuch action fhould be brought within houfe by the exporters of that ufe/ul corn- next after the fame fheu Id accrue | modity, complaining of the non-payment and that every fuch action fliould be laid of the bounties due to them upon this in Come county next adjoining to the head, and praying that the houfe would county where fuch fact fhould be com- make fuch provifion for1 the payment of mitted, Sec, This claufe would haveren- _ fuch bounty then due to the petitioner* dered the act effectual, and would pro- & as fhould feem juft, and alfo for the bet- bably have put an end to the inhuman tcr and more effectual payment of fucd practice of plundering fhipwrecked mer- bounty money as fhould afterwards be- chants and mariners $ but private intereft come due to the exporters of corn. Tbefe often gets the better of publick utility: petitions were firft, upon Feb. 6, referred The claufe was left out of the bill. to the confederation of a committee, to Jan. 29, A motion was made and leave examine and ftate to the houfe the mat- given to bring in a bill for puniftjing rnu- ters of. fact contained in the faid peti- tiny and defertion, and for the better pay- p tiohs j and March 6, Mr. TownJhend xnent of the army and their quarters;' made the report fi om die faid committee, and Mr. fecretary at war and Mr. Tho- which was referred to a committee of th« mas Gore were ordered to prepare and whole houfie, and in that committee it wat bring in the fame. As this bill is now rcfolved, That from and after March 25, annually paffed of courfe, we fhail take 1753, intereft after the rate of 3I. per cent* g\o further notice of ic but only to obferve, per ann. fhould be allowed upon every de- that Feb, oa the houfe having refolved ir- Denture, for the bounty on the exportation felf into a committee of the whole houfe of corn, payable by the general receiver or upon the faid bill, the ear) of Eguicnr G cafhier of the cuflonu, which after the propofed a new claufe to be added to the end of fix months next following the day bill, for impowering and requiring rcgi- on which the fame fhall be product d to mental courts martial to examine wit- the commiflioners of the cuftoras, mould Defies upon oath in all trials bciote them. remain unfausfied^ to be computed from This was oppofed by Sir Henry Aicfkinc, the Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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$?6, Summary 4f thtUfi Serffion of Parliament Aug. the end of the faid fix months, until the fettling the prices here, at which each for* principal, with fuch intereft, (hall be paid, of our corn mould bo imitled to a bounty or until money fuffident (hall be referved upon exporution ; for when it fells a for that purpofe, and proper notice mail good deal lower here than the fame fort be given thereof 5 fuch intereft, together fells at thofe places, there is no occasion with the principal, to be paid out of fuch for a bounty, the merchant exporter wilt cuftoms or duties as are chargeable with have profit enough without a bounty; and the payment of any bounty for the ex* . when it fells a good deal higher, we , portation of corn. A mould not encourage its being carried Attho* many .people without doors away from our own people : By obferving think, that this bounty upon the expor- this rule we mould keep the price here at tation of com is of pernicious confe* heme always at or near a medium, which quence to our trade and manufactures, would prevent Our poor from being en-» * and only ferves to raffe for a time the couraged to be idle by too great plenty* tents 6f our land eftates, which would or reduced to great diftrefs by too great /bon fall much more than they can be a fcarcity 5 and in mort the general rttltf raifed by this bounty, if by it our trade with regard to bounties upon exportation and manufactures mould be ruined 5 and g is, to enable our merchants to fell at foreign Jltho'fonv very fenfible observations upon markets a little cheaper than any of oar this fubje& were printed and delivered . rivals in that commodity can Ml it t to the members at the door of thettoufe, When this is neceflary^ it cannot fureiy Jet this refolution was upon the report, be imprudent to give our merchants a (arch 16, agreed to by the houfe, nem, crown, in order to enable them to bring las. and a bill purfuant thereto was order- nine or ten crowns into the country* ed to be prepared and brought in by the which they could not do without that laid Mr. Townfhend, the lord Hobart, bounty ; but when the commodity fellakere Mr. Horatio Walpole,fen. Mr. Woodhoufe, v atfo Iowa price, that our merchants may Sir John Turner, Mr. Edward Walpole, without any bounty fell it in foreign mar- Mr. Horatio Walpole of King's Lynn, kets a little cheaper than any of our rival* Mr. Charles Townmend, Mr. Page, Mr. can, it is extravagance to give a bounty Bacon, Mr. Weft, Mr. Hardihge, and upon the exportation of any tach corn- Sir Richard Lloyd. Which bill, intitled, modify, to give it upon corn is wicked, A bill for allowing intereft upon deben* becaufe it is taking the bread out of the tures, payable by the genera] receiver or mouths of our laborious poor, and giving caftkier of the cuftoms, for the bounty D it to our rivals in manufactures at a> granted on the exportation of corn, was cheaper rate than they can have it any afterwards pafied into a law, and intitled, where elfe, and perhaps at a cheaper rats An aft for allowing intereft on certain than our own people can have it at home; debentures, for the bounty granted on for if wheat fold here for 20*. per Quarter, the exportation of corn j which by an our merchants might, and probably would inftrucnon to the committee upon the bill export it, and fell it in France for iSi. Was made to extend to Scotland as well as per quarter, perhaps at lefs, and yet would England. _ by means of a bounty have a profit of is. As wheat exported Is at prefent by E per quarter, (which is rol. percent.) aa taw intitled to the bounty, if it fells here 3s. per quarter would aolwer all the lor 48s. or under per quarter, and other charge of exportation, forts of corn are intitled to the bounty Feb. 14, No lefs than ten petitions from when they (ell at proportionable prices, Liverpool, Great Yarmouth, ftc. were it it furprizing this opportunity was not prefented to the houfe, complaining of laid hold of, to lefien the prices which in- a great decreafe in the exportation of title corn to the bounty upon exporta- F the woollen manufactures of theie ktng fot t* Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1 753. Summary of the Iqft Seflion rf Parliament $77 to grant fucb other relief to the petitioners Sir John Barnard to the firft ena&ing in the premises, as to the houfe fhould claufe, by which all but mere merchants feem meet. would have been excluded from being •£ As foon as thefe petitions were all read, ' the faid company, which was rejected ; Mr. SaJufbury, one of the members for and another amendment likewife offered Liverpool, flood up, and moved tor leave by him to another daufe, for excluding to bring in a bill, tor enlarging and re- all but -his majefty's chriftian fubjecJU gulating the trade into the Levant leas ; from being fader* for the Britifh mer- and, tho* a bill for this purpofe had been A chants in Turkey, which was agreed to s twice before attempted, once in the fef- And it likewife occaflofltd thecommittee's fion 1740-41, wl^en a negative was pot fitting feveral days upon Che bill, fo that upon the hoofe's going into a committee the report was not received till April 10, , upon the bill • 5 aod again in the fettion and the confideration of it took up that 1743-4, when the bill was pafled by the day and the next, when the bill was or* home of commons, but after a long de- dered to be engrofTed. • April 13, it was bate rejecled by the ho u fie of lords f ; read a third time, and with fome new yet this motion was now agreed to with- g amendments palled and fent tb the lords, out oppofition ; and Mr. Salufbury, Mr. who agreed to it without any amendment, Nugent, Mr. Neale, Sir William Youge, and it received the royal aflfenr, May if j Mr. Charles Townfbend, Mr. Southwell, fo that any Britifh fubje& may after Mid- Mr. Hoblyn, Mr. Herbert, Sir Charles tummer next get himfelf made free of Mordaunt, Mr. Popham, Mr. Chefter, the Turkey company upon paying or ten* Mr. ' Barrow, M{. Bay ntun, Mr. Pro wfe, deringto them the rum of 20I. Whereas and Mr. Tracy, were ordered to prepare the fine formerly was 50I. and none but and bring in the fame ; after which ft- _, mere merchants could be admitted, nor vcral accounts and papers relating to this C my mere merchant living within to miles trade and company were ordered to be of London, unlefs he was free of the faid laid before the houfe, and all, as foon as city j and all the members are now fe- brought in, referred to the faid com- cured agamft any monopolizing by-laws, mittee. March 5, Mr. Salufbury pre- as no fuch law is now to be of any force, fen ted the bill to the houfe, when it was unlefs confirmed by a fecond general court read a fir ft time, and ordered to be read to be held at lealt a month after, and a fecond time, and to be printed. The even then may be rejecled by the board 13th the bill was read a fecond time and J) of trade in a fummary way, upon an ap- committcd to a committee of the whole peal to them byany feven of the members, boufe for that day fe'night : In all theYe But however wife or well concerted fteps the bill met with "little oppofitiea, this law may be, It is doubtful whe- and before or after this time petitions were ther we can thereby recover our Turkey . prefented from Mm oft every maritime or trade: It is, indeed, a queftion, whether manufacturing city, or town in the king- we can recover any branch of trade we dom, all praying, that the trade might be have loft, or even preferve fome of thofe laid open } but on the 15th a petition was « we have ftill left, if we do not foon a- prefented to the houfe and read, from the ^bolifh feveral of the taxes our people Turkey company, fetting forth, That there groan under, and this we can never do were feveral claufes in the bill, which, whilft we continue fo much in love with fhould they pafs as they then flood, would being principals in carrying on wars upon deprive the petitioners of feveral of the the continent of Europe. We fecm to privileges granted by their charter, very be like a gentleman, who feme years fince much atTeO them in their properties, en- was far gone in a consumption, and danger the ruin of their eftabklhment in tried every quack remedy foggertcd *o him Turkey, and greatly diftrefs, if not oc- p by every old lady of his acquaintance j cafionthe total lofs of the Turkey trade but at laft was obliged to fend ffor Dr. to this nation; therefore praying to be Garth. The doctor, upon feeing he had a heard by their counfel againft fuch claufes very handfome wife, prcfently perceived in the faid bill $ upon which it was order- the caufe of his illnefs, and advifed him to ,«d, that they fhould be heard by their Pit out forthwith for the Spew in Germany, counfel before the faid committee if they Doctor, fays the lady, 1 very much apX thought alt j and the committee wen? in- prove of your advice, and fhal! go along itruatd to admit the petitioners for tbe^ with him to be his nurfe. Poh, crie> ilm bill to be heard at the fame time, by them- ^ doflor, if your ladyfhip goes to Spaw, I felves or counfel, in favour thereof, a- mall advife him to day at home ! So left gainft the faid petition. This occafioned them ; and as the gentkrr.an could m t feveral debates in the committee, parti- part from his beloved wife, his diftemper cularly Upon an amendment offered by at lafl put an end to his life; ^ Auguft, |7 *3S-

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37* Of the luminous Spaces abdtit the Sout hPoLi. Aug. that art Eke them, hi the mean time Trm th$ Lokdon DAitv-AoviaTisia, we muft do this gentleman the juftrce to Auguft 14. acknowledge, that the triangular one he A GENTLEMAN of fomecuriofity has mentions fo near the pole, is a difcovery given me a letter, an extract of of his own : The two others have been . which I (hall, with his permiffion, pub- remark'd for feveral ysara. Hfti. The writer of it is an Italian, and They are called Magellanic* cle*ds, and " of considerable reputation. It was tranf- ^ have long been in ufe as he mentions, mitted hither with intent to have been ferving to the fame purpofes with the laid before the Royal Society : but that northern ftars. Tho1 the vulgar call * has been prevented by a mifunderftanding them eloutfs, thofc who have written of between the perfon to whom it was font, them with more knowledge, call them, and fome of the members of that body. only lumii**t /paces in the heavens 5 and As the fobjedt is curious, and the obfer- while fome. of them would account for vations in part new, I cannot anfwer it their light from the blended rays of many to the publick, to fuffer them wholly to little ftars, others foppofe tbem to be be loft. ° felf-enlightened fpots: Trafts enjoying The letter is dated from a very remote an eveflafting day independent of any part of the world, and was written while ftars : And they explain by thefe what is ' the author of it was on a long voyage, . mentioned in the Mofaick account of the The part which concerns the prefent fub- creation, where God is faid to have made . ject, is as follows : light before the fun was formed. "The nights are in general very clear, This, however, tho* an ingenious con- but the heavens are not of that uniform jecrure,is but a conjecture: And, perhaps, appearance as with yous The fouth pole q in the eye of impartiality, will appear too ,is in view, and the ikies about it are fpot- far (trained. We have famine** fpaces in ted. In the general blacknefs there are the northern as well as thefe in the fpaces of wlate, or whirifh ; not nearly fouthern hemifphere, aJtho* they happen fo bright as the (tars, but as diftinguifh- not to be called by the fame names ; and ' able : The failors call thefe ch*d*y but as a careful obfervation, and the ufe of that is a very idle term ; they are fixed good instruments, have informed us of in their places, and ferve as ftars about the nature of thefe, we may thence very the north pole for directing their courfc. well conclude what is the truth with re- The appearance is very new to me, and D gard to the others. I hardly wonder at the name tho1 I con- In feveral of the northern confteWations demn it : They have very much the look there are fmall enlightened fpaces ; which, of thofe fmall and light fpecks in a clear for want of a better term, aftronomers flcy, which we have fometimes taken no- have called nebukus ftars ; thefe arc ex- tice of together by day in Italy ; but thofe actly of the fame nature with thofe bright are temporary and fleet about 5 thefe are parts about the fouth-pole, only fmaller: always feen, and they never change their And we have a vaft tract of enlightened places. g fpace befide, which we call the milky way. There are two of them at a fmall dif- This alfo is of the nature of what are cal- .tance below the pole, which the failors led the ttebuleut ftars, only more extenfive s . moft regard ; particularly one that is the And the Magellanick clouds defcribed by larger, and near the conftellation Hydrus; the Italian are of a middle kind between but there is a fingle one above thefe which them. They are of the fame nature, only they feem not to have obfefved, and which different in extent j and by understanding will better ferve their purpofe. It is one, we fhall know what they are all. brighter than either of the other, tho* When the milky way is viewed by the fmaller, and its figure is nearly triangular. afliftance of a telefcope, every part of it 'it is above the other two and nearer to is found thick fet with little Oars ; and the pole. Tliey-ace alt very lingular, and it is an allowed point, that thefe ftars oc- il (hail be glad, when that is pofltble, to cation the bright appearance. They are Jcnow your opinion of them.'* too fmall to be vifible fingly, at this dff- , The appearances the ingenious Italian tance, but their blended light reaches to defcribefc.are not unknown to the cufi- us, and forms this brightness. . •ous ; but they -have differed in opinion as Tn the fame manner the nebulas ftars, to their natere : It is unfortunate thatQ when viewed with glafles of fufhoent .they lie out of the reach of obfervation power, are found to contain each feveral from, this part of the world, for they little diftincl fixed ftars. In particular, never can be vifible here : But there are in that remarkable one, whieh is in the 4fiethods of obtaining a knowledge of conftellation of Orion, a reflecting' tele * what they are, by what we have in view fcope of 20 foot mews not fewer than r*. As Digitized by VjOQQ l€*

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w 1 75Z* Queries to the Circuiteerers of Great Britain. 379* As the brightness of the milky way, which roaring to procure Wifehood to be advan- is the greateft luminous,fpacc in the hea- ced and credited ? vens, is acknowledged to be owing to the Whether thofe good men and true, who Mended light of thofe little (tars which fervc upon our juries, ought not to guard telefcopes difcover tn it } fo doubtleft thefe themfelves particularly againft this abufe ? nebulous ftars, which are the fmalleft, and to refolve to govern themfelves owe their luftre alio to the feveral little wholly, as to their verdict, by the ap- fixed ftars difcovered in them : And in ^ parent fairnefs and cleamefs of the evi • * the fame manner, without queftion, thofe dence ? And whether fuch oratory of any ; luminous (paces, which are of a middle of the filver tongues, as tends at all to-a bignefe, and are called Magellanic* clouds, wards abufe, &c. ought to have any other % owe their light to multitudes of little liars effect upon them, than to give them a cluttered together in them. hint; that the faid waft e- word (as far as The difcovery of the cloud, as it is caN he is a lawyer) doubts of the goodnefs of led, neareft to the pole, is this gentle- the caufe which he would feem defirous of man's ; at leaft he is the firft who has fupporting by it— As men feldom throw written of it ; and the aftronomical world B dirt, till they are in great want 6f better i* indebted to him for the observation, weapons r Whether the decreafe of bufinefs (6 Quaaias frofofedto tb< CiacuiTtiaias juftly complained of, on aU our circuits,^ of Great Britain. ^ rather to besttributed to the increafing rHBTHER, if our Engliffi law is poverty and tamenefs of our people, to in all refpectj fo perfect as it has the long want of a good cyder- year, or" been often aflferted, it may not yet be to the faid moft effectual method, taken: Sometimes brought to fuffer greatly in q by fuch learned council, to drive all fuitort the estimation of the publick, for want from the courts, and to recommend re- ef a reformation of fome few things in ferences inftead of law-iuits ? the courfe of its adminiftration, and in Whether it would not be of great ufe to the manners of fome of its practitioners ? the publick to have an officer appointed Whether a great <Jeai of perjury may on every circuit, under the name of a not be prevented, by cauAng the oath modulator, or whipper-in I Such officer taken by witneftes in our feveral courts to be provided, at the publick expence, to be adminiftred with fomewhat more with a pitch-pipe, cat-call, ibw-gelder*s folerrmity than is often done at prefent ? D horn, or other inftrument to regulete rh# Whether the officers appointed to ad- Yoke by [See Plutarch in Caio GracchoJ miuifter it mould not at leaft be obliged and that, as foon as any learned pleader to pronounce the words of it articulately, begins to be fo far hurried away by paf- or Co as to beunderftood however, if not won, levity, or other undue motive, as deliberately, or in as plain a voice as that to ft r aggie from tire merits, to ufe any ■ in which they afterwards demand their fort of pert language to, <fr by any m saris fees ? And whether a mort comment by endeavour to baffle a fair witnefs, or to thecouit, oecaOonally repeated, and en- g abufe the indulgence of the court by imper- forced, on the nature of oaths in general, tinenceof any kind, the faid officer do ftrike and the great (in and beinoufne,fs of per- a foft note with his faid pipe or horn, in jury, Sec* and particularly with regard to order to the recalling him to due temper the oath they then take, <« of fpeaking and deference to the court. But if the the truth, the whole truth, and nothing faid learned pleader (hall perfevere in fuch but the truth.** to caution them not to offence, fo as to be guilcy of it a fecond deceive themfelves and others, by any time, that then the faid officer do endea- kind of prevarication, mental refervation, vour to reclaim him,- by the whotefomc or falfe insinuation (which are fome of F difcipline of the whip and bell, the duck? the snoft pernicious fpecies of lying) as ing-ftool, or any fuch other facetious well as againft all prejudice or partiality, method, as to the court, and to the per- may not be of great ufe in thofe <lays of fon offended, (hall feem meet. And if {wearing ? he yet perleveres, fo as to be guilty of it Whether the too general practice of our a third time, that Ue be, on conviction drcuiteertng council, of confounding fair thereof by two or more credible witnefles^ evidence, by bantering, fneering, over- confiderei as incorrigible in his prefent bearing, Jtrc. i* pot oftentimes an offence q ftate j and that then, in order to meliorate againft truth and equity, equal in- guilt his voice, &c. fuch officer do forthwith' to fubornation of perjury ? For is not proceed, in prefence of the court to per* the endeavouring <to difcredit truth, to form the operation on bim, with which jpet.it to be di(beiieyed» or to ftifle it in the fow-gelder of ancient times threatened tfee 4eliveJ7, equal in guiii to the eiuje^- the great Englifh lawyer Ignoramus, ana B b b 2 whifb Digitized by UOOQ LC

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380 The furprizing French Periwig-Make^. Atig. which our Italian fongfters are often made ordinary tafte 1 As for example, »to eccle- fo undergo, for the more pleating enter- fiaftical perriwigj>he gives a certain demure tainment of the publick 1 In which caft, air ; he confers on the tye, wigs of the law, a reformation U fcarcely to be doubted, an applearance of great fagacity and deep much to the advantage of the publick penetration ; on thofe of the faculty and themfelves j as, according to the of phyfick, he cads a folemnity and gra- Kewmarket proverb, A vicious horfe may vity that feems equal to the profoundeft make a fober gelding, and a lean cock may £ knowledge. His military fmarts are fatten in a capon. mounted >H a curious manntr, quite un* Whether chofe only mould be exempted known to every workman but bimfelf ; fgpm the aforcfaid pains and penalties, he throws into them what he calls the who, ■ when nrtt gently called to order animating buckle, which gives the wear- by the arortfaid officer, (hall produce to er a moft warlike fierccnefs. He hat the judge and jury a certificate under the likewife invented a fpecies of major or band and feal of the venerable Mr. Orator brigadier for the better fort of citizens H— > or under the hands and feels of his and tradesmen, which, by adding a tail majefty's purveyor of oyfters, and two to them, that may betaken off and put on other graduates of Billingfgate, that fuch B at pleafure, may ferve extremely well, when learned in the laws has kept his due num- they either do duty in the militia, or intend ber of terms, and gone thro* the feveral to ride the franchises. He alfo flatters eacercifes required for a degree in the faid, himfelf upon hitting the tafte of the Irifh academy, and likewife a licence fiom the country gentlemen and foxhunters, by .fame for prating and fcolding, through- his fliort cut bobs of nine hairs of a fide. ' out England : in which cafe, fuch learned For the gentlemen of the bean monde, b> be allowed to proceed for the future in whofe tafte and talents lie in drefs, he what language he thinks proper, without q prepares perriwigs frized in the following any farther controul from the fald whip- tafte and faihion, all which are now worn per- In, &c* only that for diftinclion** fake, at Paris, viz. * en aiiet de pi^oa, a la and Jeft others mould pretend to equal comette, a la chcuxjkure, a Voijeau royak, privileges, fuch graduates do- thenceforth en efcaJier, en ec belle, en beog'e, en eUs de wear, additional to the bar- gown and Janglier, a la temple, a fa rbi metres, en poet hand, and if ferjeants, inftead of the coif, dt Imp garrotte, a la Sax, a la dragone, en the upper garment of an oyfter- woman, reft, enbtquiUe, tn neglige, a la cbancclliere, and, by way of pre-eminence, beaddref- afacecoupee, en hng, enboucle denti naturelle, fed by the titk of Goody, in all letters D en cbaines, a la bordage, en boucle detacbet, and falutes, fee. a la Janfenifte, en pcint, en efcarget, en gram d'epinards, en cul d'articbaut, &e. &(. For To the PUBLICK* young gentlemen of the law, who ate Ladies and Gentlemen, not troubled with much piadice, he has MONSIEUR du de la Papillotte, invented a perriwig, the legs cf which merchant perriwig - maker, hair- may be put into a t'mart bag during the cutter and frifleor, educated under the vacation, and which in term time may celebrated artift the Sieur Latroupe at Pa- j? be reftored to its priftine form. He in* ris, now begs leave to advertife you, that tends to Keep from two to three hundred being animated by the riftng tafte of the of this fort always in readinefsto hire out gentry of this kingdom, he is refolved occafionally. to abandon his native country, in order He alfo makes white woollen bobs, to fettle in Dublin, where he propofes to which fit as clofe as night-caps, very pro- be toward the beginning of September. per to be worn by young pertons of dif- His innate modefty would fain caft a veil p tindion, either when they chufe to over his accompliihments, but jufticecon- ** mount the coach box, or walk in a morn- ftrains him to publiih them for the benefit ing like their footmen, in difh«bille with of mankind, and the good of the publick j an oaken club in their hands. For fuch which obliges him to inform you, that as love to fave their ca.1i, he will have he fabricates all kind of perriwigs for perriwigs made of calves tails, which he churchmen, lawyers, physicians, military, engages will laft a long time j this kind mercantile, and country gentlemen, in a (as there is but little profit 10 be had moft new, exqmfite, curious and extra* by • TaV the above are truly technical terms in the perrhvig-mskcr t art, wejhall eadeavmr fir the fake of oar country readers to trarfiate them. The pigeons wing, the comet, the ully- fewer, the royal fard, tbefiaircafe, the ladder, the brufi, the wild boards back, the temple, to* rhinoceros, the corded wolf's paw, count Saxes mode, the Jbe dragon, the rofc. the crutch, the *2r%«» the cbemcelury, the cut bob, the long bob, the half natural, the chain buckle, the contW buckle, the detached or loofe buckle, the Janfenifi bobi the dropwigrfke frail butkJe, tbeffif - f9ed and artichoke, £?<;. ^. / Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1753- Claufea for the Claftdcfttne Marriage Act. 3&1 by tliem) he only make* to oblige the- people celebrated for their attachment to . lathers of fuch young fparks who honour the beaux arts. This liquor is perfectly him with their cuftom. innocent, and might be a means of con- He allures the publick, that there are veying feveral fupplies to the intern*! bat few conditions in life who may not organs of fenfarion j but he leaves thfe reap a feeble benefit by his labours, as as a hint to be profetuted by the gentlO- many of his cuftomer* have experienced, men of rhe faculty $ and tho* he boafe having by the diverfity of his perriwigs A himfelf a barber- furgeon of the honour- contributed greatly to advance the affairs able fraternity of St. Come at Paris, he and mtereft of the wearers 5 for all the does not mean to encroach on the upper world mull allow, that it is neccflary to branch of a proftfflon he has only the have a man's head put into a proper order honour of being an underftrapper of. for bufinefs, to have any affair terminate happily. Ciauixs propefed to be added to the fafg He dreffes, cuts, curls and frifles hair AEi againfi Clandeftine Marriages, in the mod elegant tafte, either for ladies \ Jl 7"E^ tw0 young thoughtlefs fools, or gentlemen j and to prevent lofs of B VV having no vifible way to maintain tixr.e at the toilette (a confequence the themfelves, nor any thing to begin tHe Jiifh gentry may at firft complain of, but world with, refohre to marry and be ms* which cuftom will render in a fhort time ferable $ let it be deemed petty larceny, as familiar as in France, where they give . If a younger brother marries an old up the whole morning to fo neceffaiy a woman purely for the fake of a mahffat- duty) he has by long ft tidy and labour nance, let it be called felf-prefervation. difcovered and invented a commodious When a ri h old fellow marries a young machine, called the night baiket, by q wench, in her full bloom, it mail be death which ladies and gentlemen may have without benefit of clergy, their heads drefled while they divert them- When two old creatures, that can felves at cards without lofs of time. This hardly hear one another fpeafc, and can- * baiket being conftrucled on mathematical not propofe the leaft comfort to themfelves principles, is fitted on the infide with in the thing, yet marry together to be mi- feveral iron point, covered with velvet, ferable, they (hall be deemed non compot. that attract the hair, (it being firft oiled When a lady marries her fervant, or a and powdered with loariftone duft) and gentleman his cook maid, (cfpecially if friffes it into the form of the infide of the D there are children by a former marriage) .baiket, which is moulded into the tafte they both fhall be tranfported for 14 years, du moutoo, and all the other moft fafhio- When a man has had one bad wife, an4 nable (ha pes now in vogue. The faid buried her, and yet will marry a fecond, points preferve the buckles in an admi- it (hall be deemed ftlo de fi. rabie Symmetry, and rhe velvet, being When a woman in good circumftances ' dipped in a foporiterous liquor, contri- marries an infamous 'man, not worth a butes greatly to comfort the brain and groat 5 if (he's betrayed into it, it fhalj bring on deep, provided the wearer has £ be called accidental death; but if me knows slot had an ill run at cards. it, it mall be made fingle felony, and iho He has an admirable fecret to colour (hall be burnt in the hand. all kinds of hair on the head, and give When a man, having no children, mar-i any tint the wearer pjeafes j and this ries a woman with 5 or 6, and vice vcrfa, he performs without the ufe of lead let the delinquent (land thiice in the pil- combs, mercury, or any outward applica- lory, lofe b >th their ears, and fuffer one tion what foe ver j for an all naturalifts al- year's imprif mment. low the hair to be only certain tubes which If a man marries a woman of ill fame, take their colour according to the quality F knowing her to be fo, he fhall have a of the juice with which they are nounlhed, pair of horns painted on his door j or if he has invented a fyrtnge, with which Die be a known fcold, a couple of neat's he injects the hair with a liquor of the tongues in the room of them. colour the perfbn chufes to have, or that And when a man or woman marries which may happen to be moft in the mode, to the difinberiting of their children, let Th s method being dear is little ufed in them fuffer as in cafes of high-treafon. France, rhe people of that nation, though When a woman marries a mart deeply they love to mine, love to do it at a cheap in debt, knowing him to be fo, let her rate ; on the contrary, the generofity of G be fent to the houfe of correction, and the irirti, and their contempt of money, kept to hard labour for 3 months ; and J* well known, the fame thereof has if he deceived her, ancT did not let her ■spread to Park, fo that the artiil flatters know his ci cumftance*, file mall be ac- btmfelf, his noble defigns will meet with quitted, and he doomed to beat hemp all ■the countenance, and protection of a the days of his Ufct Y Q V N Q Digitized by VjQOQ IC

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3** YOUNG DORILAS. A NEW SONG, ifei Yonng Dorilaa an artieiafWai^ And Daphne pride of weftern plain Tndr |^f^Pft^ flocks to— gether drove, . Their flock* to— ge- -ther ggffiggqEffgE face, She no left /hone with every grace, Yet,ncither thought Yet neither thought of love Iefs fhone with ev'ry grace, Yet f^a^i^^^ neither thought of love Igggigg^lll With equal joy each morn they meet. At mio'-day fcek the fame retreat, And fhelter in one prove 5 At evening haunt the felf-fame walk, Together innocently talk, But not a word of love. Hence mutual friendship firmly grew, Till heart to heart fpontaneoqs flew, tike oil) to bill of dovt. Both feel the flame, which both conceal, Both wifh the other would reveal, Yet neither f peaks of love. 4- She hung with rapture o'er his fenfe, He doated on her innocence, Thus each did each approve ; Each vow'd — whilil each the vowobferv*4» The maid was uue, the fwain ne*«r . fwerv'd 5 - Then every word was lOJftw 4 Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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Poetical Essays in AUGUST, 1753. ^Jfee COUNTRY DANCE. The THATCH'D 3*3 'The firft couple caft off, one couple foot it7 and turn hands ** ; then caft off below the third couple, and turn hand's £ j )ead up to the top, foot it, and caft off ~ , right and left quite round if J the firft man foot it to the fecond and third woman, and tur A m ; his partner do the fame with the- fecond and third man 'A, then the fame on their own fides, then lead thro* the third couple, caft up one couple, and foot it 'A, right and left quite round with the third couple •- » ~ " Poetical Ess a y s in AUGUST,..i 753. From hill to hiU the joyful echo's fly, T« the Right Ho*. Lord BOYLE, on bis late Marriage to MifsHOAKt, of Stur- ton. (Set p. 243.) WHILE crowds,' my lord, apphtad your happy choice, The Mufe attempts the theme with grateful voice. Ye nymphs of Helicon begin the fon& For themes of love to heavenly nymphs belong. What fwain, wbat ftoic* can a fong refuft, When Hymen calls* and Boyle infpit es the, Mufe? With every virtue bled, a youthful peer, Friend to the mades, and to the Mufes dear, Yields to the foft captivity of love, What bread fo hard that beauty cannot move ? [confpire^ When fweetnefs, fenfe, and innocence With blend id charms to fan the gentle fire. Thrice happy peer, poffeft of fuch a bride, Thrice happy nymph, to fucha peerally'd. Let lawlefs libertines licentious live, Virtue alone true faappinefs can give ; I^et cavern'd anchorites,, in cell, or bower, With fallen pleafure fpend the filent hour, Born for a focial Hfe> the hlifs we boaft, Is fialf in monkifh celibacy loft ; But when in bleft connubial date ally'd, "W« both our pleafures and our pains divide. Scrft are the chains, when friendflirp min- gles hands, And Cupid y«ke* the doves in filken bands. Hail ! happy pair I in fuch bleft union Join*d\ ja>y mutual love and fympathyof mind. fgsg-ic- ! whifpering sephyrs propagate the [vali :} And waft the welcome tidings to the (k.y* See nature fmile in all her pomp around, For you gay Flora paints th* enameU'4 ground ; [?***> For you new beauties deck the dawning And halcyon ikies in azure robes appear *. .See from afar the mountain nymphs, ad- vance, And fylphs and dryads ip the vallies dance. See Paphos* queen, with all her train of loves, [ graves. To Sturton flies, and leaves the Idaliaa The bowers of Cythera no longer pleafc, But yield in beauty and in blifs to thefe^ Hail! happy Sturton! —elegant re- treat ! At once the Graces and the M&fes feat, ' And love now makes the paradife cora- pleat. O ! cou'd my bumble Mufe in equal ftrains • fplains, Paint thy fair landflcips, and thy verdant Thy filver fountains, and thy fragrant flowers, Thy nodding forefts,and romantic bowers. Where folemn grottos blend with funny glades, ((hades, And lyric birds infpire th* harmonioua Then mould thy feat, when ail thy fcenes decay, [**?!> When groves and grotts, and temples fade Smile with the laurels which the Mufes give, , And in the fmooth defcription always five** Then mould the fair creation flourifh ftitt. And vie with Phoenix park, or Cooper1 shiu% Clad in eternal verdure, bloom as long As Windfor walks immortaliz'd in fongs Long as the name of Boyle's Hluftriqus line, Shall grace the feat, or in the fenatefhine. FaoMi, July 5, 1753. An tale, 4J*fico*. every confeious grove, and vocal • yHhiUngH the uvcmtm* fir* fee fir., Vibicb wtimuiaU tkejfri*gt and rrrufl ma^ifir Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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$u Poetical Essays in AUG US T, 1753. jh Admix /. /fcMUSB. HAIL queen of wrft! Immortal he»»*n born m«id, WnmBtfrons flight*, ftulHw.ll the tao- *ain would my ^"^tTh^h^f An* fear .mbitiog* to be Meft by thee j B« d!mp-d with <-r, to thee Ihe make. her court, ' And humbly feeking for proteaion hop«} Afflft, blcft Clio, if by tfcee infptr dr £EoVrwefteA Mn* among the virgin throne, * I0*"*' Oh leM how nature and the fate* com- Why Pope could plcafc, or how great Milton fung} fl. I§„ Or if with better grace Aon canft declare How nature to perfection grows, or whence Sublimity of thought or accent flows How man (hoots up to time, or how th« Mufe Sits in fweet numbers on the poet', ton j«e5 Perfitt* well (killM in every turn ol fate, Wiile I attentive liften to the fong 5 Sure it U innate paffion that infoircs, *To offer incenft at the Mufe s ffirine 1 And thou that wak'ft the -™*J™ meaner things, [ beito wo. And lights the torch, which nature firft •Tis by thy aid thebard improves the flame, And tow'rs on wings impatient of delay _j "Twas thy bleft aid irft taught him how The ft°reng?hof nature, or the force of love, Wien geSius prompts, he afrs the Mufe s aid, . - Andfwclls luxuriant with poetic fire 5 Juch If thy power j and fuch thy gracious ^hlch^les mankind with an endearing That nature's felf is warm'd with pleafing force [wreaths from thee j And leamhig boafts, When crown'd with pelgrt, heav'nly charmer, to approve mj And aown my youth with the benigneft Thou whom the bards of every age adore, And in fweet numbers celebrate thy fame, ¥hou that re-anhnafft thofe golden days, When Mutes dwelt in fwee* Ely fian bowers, "When gods defcending, took on human fhaoes [bid ; ?otafte of mortal blifs, which heav'n for- hou that rccaU'ft true honour from the grave, , [denies, And ftivHI tjiee life, which vulgar fame, Blefs my attempts, infpire each rapt roua lay Pave thefoft cadence of the flowing line, fill me with ample comprehenfive thoughts, With gratitude to virtue, heay n, and thee; Pidft thou but deign to prompt my genial fire, Advancing flowly on the wings of time, Each wrapt idea would break forth to thought, And every thought would fwell to extafy $ Then (hall the (jpark/tnaf in my bofem glowt, Recatch, and kindle, at Apollo's rays. XEANDER. 7i « FRIEND. VJncefirtBKom $ - — Kiferitf vmkum generofus a*fe*. Flmterit t dxlci refer era nfu : Stlus, etfmptr tuui ejft fttovis Difcc tuwutkw, I. WREN fortune frowns on thee, as now, Charles, prithee what avails the brow Beclouded thus with forrow? Confider, man, the jilt muft change, From this to that muft always range ; AH will be well to-morrow. Oft as I rode thro* Brentford town, I flop my fteed beneath the Crown,. Aod view old Thames a roaring ; Odzooks 1 'twould frighten any tartar, Yet e'er I reach the Star and Garter, Tumult is heard no more in. JTen fo the fates ordain, roy boy. After much dolour Cometh joy, Grief driving from our faces ; And when you know all this, to wail, And fret and vex and ftorm and rail, Moft villainous and bafe is. 4- Once On a time (pugh ! what's his name?) From his own turnip ground there came, To rule the Roman (late, A wight of wifdom and renown : Ne'er thought to be again brought down, So joyous hVd and great. Now mark our friend depos'd 5 content Life's remnant fmall in eafc he fpent, With throne exchanged forcottagff The axe, his type of quondam power,. Now ferv'd a neighboring tree to lower. For firing to his pottage. TU CHARMS of SALLY. By Mir. Borci, 1. NO nymph that trips the verdant plain* With Sally can compare j She wins the hearts of all the (Wains, And rivals all the fair. Tfce Digitized by VjOOQ iC

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Poetical Essays ii AUGUST, The beams of fol delight and cbear, While fummer feafons roll ; But Sally's (miles can all the year, Give fummer tp the foul. * 2. When, from the eaft, the morning ray Illumes the world below, Her prefence bids the god of day With emulation glow. - Frefh beauties deck the painted ground, Birds fweeter notes prepare ; The playful lambkins (kip around, and hail the filler fair. 3« The lark but drains his liquid throat To bid the maid rejoice $ And mimicks, while he fwells the note, The fweetnefs of her voice t The fanning Zephyrs round her play, While Flora (beds perfume j And ev'ry flow* ret feems to fay, 1 but for Sally bloom. 4- The am'rous youths her charms proclaim, From morn to eve their tale 5 Her beauty and unfpotted fame Make vocal ev'ry vale : The (bream, meand' ring thro* the mead, Her echo'd name conveys ; And ev'ry voice, and ev'ry reed, Is tun'd to Sally's pfaife. No more (hall blkhfome lafs and fvrain To mirthful wake refort ; Nor ev'ry May- morn on the plain, Advance in rural fport « * No more (hall gum the gurgling rill, Nor muiick wake the grove ; Nor flocks look fnow-Uke on the hill, When I forget to love. The HEAD- AC H. To Autuu. AURELIA, when your zeal makes known Each woman's failing but your own, How charming Silvia's teeth decay, And Celia'shair is turning gray i Yet Celia gay has fpai kling eyes, But (to your comfort) is not wife : Methinks you take a world of pains, To tell us Celia has no brains. Now you wife folk, who make fitch pother About the wit of one another, • With pleafure would your brains refigs, Did aU your noddles ach like mine. Not cuckolds half my anguith know, When budding horns begin to grow ; Nor batterM flcull of wreftliog Dick, "Who late was drubb'd at finale dick $ Not wretches that in fevers fry, r 1 Not Sappho when her cap's awry, > E'er felt foch tort' ring pangs as 1 $ j Auguft, 1753. • Sateen Arme, 175?- S%5 Norjbrehead of Sir Jcff'ry Strife, When fmiling Cynthio kifs'd his wife. Not love-fick Marcia's languid eyes, Who for her (imp' ring Corin dies, So (leepy look or dimly (bine, As thefe dejected eyes of mine : Nor Claudia's brow fuch wrinkles made At fight of Cynthia's new brocade* Tuft fo, Aurelia, you complain Of vapours, rheums, and gouty pain f Yet I am patient, fo (hou'd you. For cramps and head-achs are our due s We fuffer juftly for our crimes ; For fcandal you, and I for rhymes : Yet we (as harden'd wretches do) Still the enchanting vice purfue $ Our reformation ne'er begin, But fondly hug the darling fin. Yet there's a mighty dirT'rence too, Between the fate of me and you j Tho' you with tott* ring age (hall bow, And wrinkles fear your lovely brow j Your bufy tongue may (till proclaim The faults of ev'ry finful dame : You ftill may prattle nor give o'er, When wretched I muft fin no more. The fprightly Nine muft leave me then, This trembling hand refign its pen $ No matron ever fweetly fung, Apollo only courts the young j Then who wou'd not (Aurelia, pray) Enjoy his favours while they may ? Nor cramps nor head-achs (hall prevail $ 111 ftill write on, and you (hall rail. P I A P H On Brigadier General HILL. OF manners gentle, yet a friend to truth. With age not peevifii, nor yet vain in youth: f fevere j Brave, yet humane, and blamelefs tho* His fpeech was open, and his heart fincere : In courts unbrib'd,not factious tho' retir'd 5 Moft lov'd the foldier, more the man ad- mir'd. [kind \ A queen his miftrefs *, and his friend man- His fortunes ! —to yon little fpot + confin'd. Such one was Hill- -and various tho* his lot, The fame companion, favour'd,or forgot. I H On a young NOBLEMAN, JCiltJ /»m£ncagimint at Sea. YOUTH, beauty, ftrength, the trophy, and the buft, ' Not thefe his honours to the tombwetruftj But modtft manners, innocent of art, The open nature, and the moral heart. Such love of truth as ancient Br tons bore, Such fortitude, as never Roman more : And call'd betimes, his talk of glo^y done, To mix with natures focial a& his own. C cc THE t^/c/J^.edbGo

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THE Monthly Chronologer. f INCE our laft we were informed, that in the 7 vefleUarrived fromGreen- land in the Frith of Forth, there were no fewer than 31 fiJh and a half, viz. in 5 of the vefleh belonging t0 Leith se and a half, in one of the Dunbar veflels 7, and in the Borrowftonefs veflel 5 sand that two other veflels afterwards arrived, one hav- ing 7 fifh and a half, and the other 3. (See p. 339.) On July 27, an officer of the Mint having received information, that one Bell had made a practice of coining a certain foreign coin called French guinea*, or piftoles, and alfb Louis d'ors, had a warrant for him, and carried him before jurtice Fielding, who, after examination, committed him to New Ptifon. He at the fame time alfo committed the fraith who was accefiary, by fetting up the ma- terials for the coinage. And information being given, that the faid Bell lodged m vVinchefter-ftreet, Mr. alderman Scott granted a warrant for (earthing the houfe, where was found in a cellar, juft put up, all the materials and implements neeeflary to go thro* the whole art of coining, as compteat as at the Tower ; which were afterwards all taken away by the proper officers. His majefty has ordered a reward of 100I. to be paid to any perfens, who (ball apprehend Sampfon Phips, one of the perfons concerned in the late riot at Briftolj and 100I. for apprehending ei- ther Samuel Britten, John -Moody, other- wife Wordy, John Summers, and Heze- kiah Hunt, Jikewife concerned in the faid riot, fo as they, or either of them, may be convicted of the faid offence. (See p. a4z.) WlDNtSDAY, Auguft I. One Edward Murphew, otherwife An* drew Reid, was committed to MaidAone goal, being charged by a warrant under the hand and feal of the duke of New- castle, with the murder and robbery of John Athcrfold the younger, his mailer, late cf Suodri/h, near Sevenoak in Kent, on Thurfday night, 0€k. ao, 1748. He ' was brought from Scotland by two of bis tnajefty's meflengers. Friday, 3. • This afternoon a fire broke out at the brewhoufe belonging to the Red -Lion at Great Catworth, in Hunttngdonihire, which in a fhort time confumed c dwel- ling boufes, with all the hou(hoW furni- ture, fereral barns, (tables, &c. The fame afternoon a fire happened at Dorfington, in Warwick/hire, whereby 7 cottages, betides the farm-boufe, were confumed, with barns, (tables, a bean* rick, a great quantity of hay and ftraw, Sec. and the church * was very much da- maged. Satuiday, 4, This or the following day a moft (hock- ing and tragical affair happened at Cor- ringdon, about two miles from South- Beent-town, in Devon/hire. Mr. Jofeph Harvey, a farmer of that place, his wife, his fon and daughter, were all croeUy murdered. Thefe murders were not dis- covered till the 9th intent by William Proufe, a labourer, who had worked for Mr. Harvey, and bad been feveral times to fee him to get further employment j but to his (urprize finding the doors al- ways ftu% he went to a neighbour, who accompanied him to the boufe, and both looking, thro' the kitchen window, law Mr. Jofeph Harvey lying dead on the floor, with his throat cut. They then went to Brent-town to acquaint Mr. An- thony Harvey, brother to the deceased, with what they had (tw, who went with a number of the inhabitants, and enter- ing at .the window found PromVs relav tion too true. Going up flairs, they found. Mrs. Harvey in her bed with her throat cut from ear to ear j ana* then proceeding to the fon's bed, a (lout young snam about *i, found htm alfo dead, naiaqg his brains beat out, and his throat as* 5 as was alfo the daughter, aged about ao» whofe brains worked thro* the u\«H» A hatchet was found in the fon's room. Ota the 14th the coroner* $ Jury finingd* tbstar inquiry into the eaufes of thefe muna*?m» when it appeared, that Jofeph fag»gy had fent his two men and a maid (erw*a»t to Bentar, about five.. miles from Bmail town, to get in fome hay ; which V^marfi would detain them above a week ; 1 the hatchet found in the 4q&*« room* longed to Mr. Harvey * iNat Mr. had for above three montfet naft ft _ lirious, and greatly -out of bit fenfefc 3 there being no ugns of a robbery jury brought him ip guilty of the ; Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1753- etbe MONTHLY CHRONOLOGER. 387 ders, as a lunatick. But, furely, fuch an aftoniming fcene is not to be parallel's ! Monday, 6. The feven following malefactors were this day executed at Tyburn, vi2. William Corby, Thomas Collingham, and John AylifTe, condemned at June feulons ; Thomas Buckmore, James Williams, and Thomas Twynbrow, condemned in Jury j and John fiih, condemned at the feffions In May, but refpiced till this time. (See their fcveral crimes, p. 141, 291, 339. Davis died in Newgate, and Smith was refpited for a month, Millicent Clifby and Anne Robinfon were pardoned. Anne 'Ellis and Peter Tickner to be tranfported for Me. WlDNESDAY, 8. Was held a general court of the Society of the Free Britifh Fifhery, when war- rants were ordered to be' iffued out for a dividend of the three per cent, per annum for two years, granted by act of parlia- ment on upwards of ioo,oool. employed by the fodety, the faid bounty having been received of the commimoners of the cuftoms. The Rt. Hon. the lord mayor gave a very grand entertainment to the deputies and common-council men of this city, at the Manfion-houfe, at which upwards of 140 members were prefent. Friday, 10. His majefty in council was pleafed to order, that the parliament which flood prorogued to the 14th Inft. mould be fur- ther prorogued to September 27 next. Saturday, ii. Three Iri/hmen were committed to Wood- ftreet Compter for perpetrating a rape on the body of Diana Pufhee, an oyfter-woman, at the Queen's-Arms in Newgate-ftreet. On Monday they ap- plied to be bailed, but were refuted, and after an examination of above two hours before Thomas Chitty, Efqj the fitting alderman, were by him recommitted to the Compter to anfwer for their offences the next feflions at the Old- Bailey. The fame day, early in the morning, a fire broke out in the houfe of a broom- maker in Kent- ftreet, Southwark, which entirely confumed the fame, with three others, and the adjoining houfes were very much damaged. Sunday i*. This morning, between one and two, a fire broke out at a hatter's in Caftle- Itreet, near the Park, Southwark, which confumed t£e fame and 1 3 others on both aides of the way. Thursday, 16. A fire happened about one this morning in Coca-yard, Bifoopfgate ftreet, which communicating itfelf to the front houfes, four or five of them were burnt down before it could be extinguished. At the affiles at Buckingham, two re- ceived fentence of death, one for poifon- ing : At Abingdon, two t At Oxford* one : At Winchester, one : At Northarap- ton, three: At Cambridge, one: At Worcefter, three, among whom was John ■ Morris the younger, for murder, who was executed according to the late ad : At Dorchefter, one for the murder of hit wife, who was executed 5 and a foldier, for murder, who was refpited till Oct. 1. At St. Edmund's -bury, four were capi- tally conviaed : At Stafford, fix, but were all reprieved : At Exeter, feven s At Chelmsford, feven. The anises at Oakham for Rutlandshire, at Huntings don, at Nottingham, and at Derby, pro- ved maiden ones, none being capitally convided. At York eight received fen- tence of death, one of whom was Wil- liam Smith, for poifoning Thomas Har- per his father-in-law, and the foa and daughter of the faid Harper. (Seep. 241.) Andrew Reid, who was brought from Haddington in Scotland to Maidftorit, by two meflengers, on fufpicion of murder- ing his matter farmer Atherfold, near Se- venoak, in Kent, in 1748, was difcharg- ed, the wife of the deceafed having de- clared he was not the man. (Seep. 386.) Thursday, 23. This morning died, by the bite of a mad Cat, in the parifh of Wrington, So- merfetmire, Anne Qover, wife of John Cover, blackimith. She was bit about fix weeks ago, and tho* big with child was feveral times dipped in fait watter, which healed ihe wounds in her thumb, and no infection appeared till Sunday the 19th ; It then he>;an to appear by a prick- ing in the thumb, pain of her arm, and reltleflhefs. She continued to grow worfe and worfe till the time of her death, thof fhe retained her fenfes till the Uft, and de fired every one to keep out of her way j nor would fhe fuffcr any one even to wipe the foam from her mouth, left it might infecl them. , Came on to be tried, at Hereford aflizes, before Mr. juftice Fuller, feven informations in nature of quo warrantos againft fome of the a&ing members of the corporation of Carmarthen. The trial of the firft took up eight hours, and a verdict being given for the crown, the defendants in the fix others fubmitred to the like verdicts againft them, without making any defence ; and in confequence of this, 1 5 other like informations, grant- , ed againft the prefent mayor and recorder, and the reft of the acting body, muft C c c % mare Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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388 M A R R I A 0 E S, D E A T H S, &c. Aug. (hare the fame fate, at they depend ex- actly on the fame points : But thofe in- formations could not be brought to trial at this affiles, as no procefs could be executed to enforce the appearance of the defendants therein 5 for one of them in- lifted on privilege of parliament, and the Sheriffs of this year declaimed their offices, on purpofe to avoid executing any proceft on the reft of them. The council for the king were, Mr. Morton, Mr. Price, Mr. D Oyiey, and the Hon. Mr. Harley ; and for the defendants, the Hon. Mr. Bathurft, Mr. Phillips, Mr. Afton, and Mr. Naires. Monday, 27. This day was executed at Hertford, purfuant to his fentence at the laft aflizes, Job Wells, for the unnatural crime of ravilhing his own daughter. He was very penitent, freely forgave her appearing againft him, and hoped the would for- give the abominable part he had ac*ed towards her. Ma*riacs$ and But hs. July 31. 1 OHN Dodd, Efq; of Swal- J lowneld Place in Berks, to Mifs Juliana Jennings. ' Aug. a. Thcophilus Lane of Hereford, Efq$ to Mifs Marcha, of Greck-ftreet, Soho. Hon. — — Egerton, Efq; of Marley, in Cheshire, to Mifs Fanny Seabright, 5. Alexander Kay, Efq; of a great eftate in Yorkshire, to Mifs Caroline ( Chambers, of Brumpton. 7. Rev. Dr. Sandford, minifter of St. Mary Alderman bury, to Mifs Horton. 8. Rev. Mr. Wannup, ree>or of Wal- don, in Hertford/hire, to Mifs Chol- mondeley, only daughter of Charles Choi* mondeley, of Vale-Royal in Che /hire, Efq; a n,oool. fortune. Legh Matter, of Newhall, in Lanca- shire, Efq; to Mifs Hoikins of Barrow - , Green, in Surrey. 9. Edwyn-Fiancis Stanhope, Efq; to lady Katharine Lyon, niece to his grace the duke of Chandos. j 3. Richard Marden, Hfq$ to Mifs . Bennett, of Stanton Harold, in Stafford- shire, a ^0,000 1, fortune. 14. William Strahan, Efq^ of Haymes, • In Glouce/le mire, to Mifs Popham, iole daughter and heiiefs of the late Edward Popham of Tewkcfbury-Lodge, Efq; 16. George-Richard Carter, Efq; to Mifs Spitman, daughter and only child of James Spilman, Efq; one of the directors of the Bank, a *o,ooo]. fortune. 17. Henry Warner, Efq; a Jerfey mer* claant in- Cannon ftreej, to Mifs Wallis, of WanAead in Eflt-x. ' '. vi. Lieut, col. William Deane> to Mils Mary Chambers, cldeft daughter ot the late John Chariibers, Efq; *f Derby. , 25. Robert Sibthorpe, Eft^ of Ireland, to Mifs Cochran, daughter to the Hon, col. Cochran, of Hampftead. 26. John Day, Efq; timber-merchant, in Bermondfey, Southward, to Mils Clayton, of Throgmorton ftieet. Rev. Mr. Quick, rector of Morcbard Bilhop, to Miw Lavington, only daugh- ter ol the bilhop of Exeter. Rev. Mr. Richardfon, vicar of Fic- chingheld, in Elfex,* to Mifs King, of Epping. Mr. Simpfon, merchant of Old- Ford, to Mifs Lydia Summers, of Mile- End. Aug.i 1. Countefs of Cardigan, delivered of a daughter. The lady of John Corbet, of Shrop- fliirc, Efq; of a fon. 15. Lady of lord Carpenter, of a daughter. t*. The lad/ of Sir WilHam Seabright, of a fon. ,a*. Lady of lord Benfon, of a fon. 29. The lady of WilHam Harvey, Efq; knight of the jure for Eftex, of a daugh- ter. Deaths. July 25. ¥ AMES Vernon, Efq; only J fon of admit al Vernon. The lady of the Right Hon. Charles lord Stourton. 16. Rev. Mr. Edward Gregory, minor canon of Durham. 29* The lady Sophia Hamfin, reli& of Sir James. Hamlin, of Warwickfhire, Bart. William Owen Pyr, in the loStb year of his age, who had been parifh clerk at Dulas in the Ifle of Anglefea, 83 years, 30. Rev. Dr. Bromley, re&or of Wick- hamr in Hampshire : He was fon of - Bromley, .Efq: fpeaker of the* houfe of commons in the reign of Q^ Anne. Don Andrew Bucno, at Badajox in Portugal, aged 124. He was only a lieutenant of foot, tho* he had been m the fervice above 100 years. Aug. 3. Mr. John Lowe, formerly o«e pf trie common-council men of Alderf- gate ward. Lady Dorothy Wefton, relic* of Sir Ambiofe WeKlon, Bart. f,. Hen. Mrs. St. Leger, fifter to the Right Hon. the late lord vifc. Donerayle. 7. Mr. Polhill, fon' of David Pol&jtt» Efq; member of parliament for Rochester, of a hurt he received by bong throws* from his horfe at the foot of Wcfttabafier- Bruige, thi ee or four days before. Mr. Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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i753- PROMOTIONS, Mr. Ifaac Vaillant, uncle to Mr. Paul VaiHant, an eminent bookfeller in the Strand, and formerly of the fame bufinefs. S. James Crofts, Efq* in the commif- fion of the peace for the liberty of Weft* miniter. 9. Rev. Mr. Peter Richardfon, under matter of the grammar- fchool in Chrift's- HofJ>ital. 10. Rt. Hon. James lord Torpichan, in Scotland, and one of the lords of po- lice there. Sir Harry Danvers, of Culworth, near Banbury, Bart, focceeded by his brother, now Sir Michael Danver*, Bart. Rt. Hon. the lord Mountague Bertie, one df the oldeft captains in the navy. it. Mr. Matthew Collrtt, one of the chief clerks in the Bank of England. 13. Michael Harris, Efqj formerly one of the South Sea dire&ors, aged g«. 14. Mr. Wefton, counfellor at law. 19. His excellency lieutenant general George Churchill, commander in chief of his majefty's land forces in Scotland. »i. Hon. Mrs. Mordaunt, wife of Charles Mordaunt, Efq; and third daugh- ter of Scroop lord Vifc. Howe. 14. William Smith, Efqj fecretary to the South- Sea company. Ecclesiastical Phifirmxnts, From the London Gaxette. WHitehall, Aug. »i. The king has prtfented Francis Milbanke, M. A» to the reclory of Croft, in Yorklhire.— And John Gooch, M. A. to the reftory of Pen-Ditton, in Cambridgeftiire. From the other P AH 11 8. John Trenchard Brorrmeld, M. A. pre- fented to the reflory of Warmwell, with Hoxwell thereunto annexed, in Dorfet- fhire. — Mr. Samuel Fauconer, chofen , lecturer of the united pari flics of St. Mary Somerfct and St. Mary Mounthaw.— Sa- wn uel Rigby, B. A. prefented by Sir Francis Dafhwood, Bart, to the rectory of of Conningfliolme, in Lincolnshire.— Ri- chard Fawcett,* D. D. to the redtory of jFehny Comptoo, in Warwick (hire. —Mr. J-Jaines, by tjie lord chancellor to tlie ^vicarage of St. Martin** in Leicefter. — X^r. A/hburnham, dean of Ctochcfter, to cfie residentiary (hip of St. Paul's, by his frsajefty, in the room of Dr. Johnfon, ftyifhop of Gfoucefter.— Pr. James Wil- Jington, by his majefty, to the redory of ^svage-Leigh^ in Suffex. — Mr. Mence, Iptpe of the canons of St. Paul's, chofen JleAurer of St. Mary Magdalen, Old Fi/h- jf r*et> — Mr. Michael Tyfon, prefenred f>w the lord chanceHor, to the reclcry of BANKRUPTS, &c. 389 Gretfbrd, in Lincolnshire.— -Chriftopher Artfty, B. D. by the mafter, fellows and fcholars of St. John's College, Cambridge, to the vicarage of Holme, Spalding Moor, • in the Eaft- Riding of Yorkmire. Promotions Civil and Military. WILLIAM Marfhall, EfqjmaMea captain in the firft regiment of guards,— Richard Meadows, Efa; made a collector of the revenue of excite in the county of Eflex, —Michael Hayes, Efq; appointed by the earl of Granville as principal bailiff of the id and of Jerfey, to be one of the deputy bailiffs of that ifland.— The earl of Cardigan, created a knight of the Hon. order of the Bath.— • Mr. John Berresford, appointed by the court of directors of the Bank, one of their camiers, in the room of Mr. Mor- rifon, who refigned 5 and Mr. Martin, clerk of the Exchequer orders and ac- compti, in the room of Mr. Collett, de- ceaftd.— Richard Littleton, Charles Paw- let, Edward Walpole, and Huffy Mon- tague, Efqrs. created knights of the Bath 2 and the eirl of Cardigan* appointed grand mafter of the faid honourable order. — Capt. John Richardfon, made a captain in the fecond regiment of foot-guards, B— ica— ts. "PYAVID Ruffd the younger, now JLA or late of Maidftone, butcher.— William Whitehart, of Calne, in Wilts, drugget- maker John Spencer, late of Hanover-ftreet, near Long-acre, taylor. —William Church, late of, the pirifh of Wooburn in Bucks, paper maker.— John Stevenfon, late 01 Bickerton, in Chemire, cheefefaetor. — Richard Fuller, late of Reading, innkeeper and vintner. —James Howarth, otherwife Haworth, late of Manchefter, chapman.— Thomas Dixon, , now or late of Rooley, in the pari/h of Kirkheaton, in York/hire, tavlor and li- nen draper.— John Gibbs, 0/ the parim of St. Margaret, Weftminfter, victualler. — Thomas Varden the younger, of Mac- clesfield, dealer.— John Crichton, late of Newport -Pagnell, in Bucks, linen-draper. — Henry Rooke, of St. Dunftan's in the Eaft, broker.— John Martin Willett, of London, merchant. — Stephen Maffey. late of Pater Nofter Row, vintner.— John Cattean of Crowland, in Lincolnfnirc, mercer and draper. — James Pardoe, of Liverpool, merchant. — John Edwards, of Tooke's Court, in Curfitor-ftreet, St. Andrew's Holborn, hotter.- Charles Hud- dy,of St. Giles, Cripplejrare, victualler. —John Manby, of Weftminfter, coal- merchant. — Samuel Plummer, late of Trowbridge, clothier and linen-draper. THE Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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FOREIGN AFFAIRS, 1753. 399 THE moft remarkable occurrence 4ha% has lately happened in feu rope, U a new treaty between the houfo of Auftria and the duke of Modena, by which it is laid to be ftipulated : 1. That bis ferene highnefs be ap- pointed peepeCual governor of the dutchy of Milan, and the houfe of Austria's vi- car general in Italy, with a falaty of 991,000 florin* a year \ his ferene highnefs to keep on foot a body of 4000 men, at Che difpofal of the empreft- queen. a. That her Imperial majefty have a right to -place agarifon of her troops in the citadels of Mirandola and Reggio, and in the caftle of Mafia-Carrara. 3. That the archduke Peter- Leopold, third (on of their Imperial majtfties, mall snarry the daughter of the hereditary prince of Modena, by the heirefs of Ma/fa-Carrara j and if this princefs die without heirs male, the eftates of the houfe of Maid-Carrara, and the dutchy of Mirandola* wall go to the archduke Pe- ter-Leopold as his lady's fortune j but in cafe there be male iffue, (he mall have . the principality of Fermia, and the other eftates in Hungary claimed by the duke of Modena, for her fortune. 4. That on the extinction of the male branch of the houfe of £11, the duke of Modena's dontsmee* mall all devolve to the houfe of Anuria* And it is faid, that in confequence of this treaty, the duke of Modena will next month take up his refidence at Milan, with a penfioo- of 90,000 florins per annum. Laft month the Pruffian minifter at the diet of Ratifbon, pre fen ted to that atifem- bly his Pruman majefty** final declaration with regard to the affair of Eaft Frieflaod > and foon after the beginning of this month the Hanover minifter prefentdd to the faid aflembly a. memorial from his Britannick majefty, as eje&or of Hanover, by way of anfwer to this his Pruflian majefty^s final declaration. From Amfterdam they write as fol- lows t We are very attentive in this coun- try to the kin* of PrumVs taking into lus fervice and favour as many Irifh and Scotch of the Jacobite party as he can. Amongft others, he has, not long ago, entered into a treaty with" one of thefe gentlemen, an Irifh papift, who was well eftablifhed at Rotterdam, has a thorough knowledge of commerce, is a very cun- ning" man, and who has fold a fine houfe wfuch he had in that city, in order to 50 into the fervice of the king of Pruflia. Many people even fay, that the young Pretender lies concealed in the dominions * q{ that prince $ but as they give no proof of this, one may with reafon doubt the truth of it. The republick of Genoa have refblved to build a citadel at St. Re mo for curbing jhe inhabitants, and for obliging them to fubmit to fuch regulations as ihall hereaf- ter be prefcribed; but as they claim to be a free republick under the protection of the empire, and no other way depen- dant upon Genoa than by confederacy tor mutual defence, this may prove a kootty affair j and in the mean time the repvb- lick's affairs in Cornea feem not to be in a very profpercus fuuation ; for they ac- knowledge, that a party of their troops in that ifland has been defeated, and all killed or made prifoners by a party of the malecontents. The Monthly Catalogue for Auguft, 1753. Dfvihity and Contsovessy. 1. vtOTES on the three firft Chapters IN of Genefis. By T. Scott, D. D. pr. 7s. fewed. G. Woodfall. 2. A Vindication of the doclrirfe of the Trinity. In two parts, pr, is. 6d. each. Rivington. 3. A Free Enquiry after the Church or Kingdom of the Meifiah, pr. is. Robin* fon. Mathtmaticjcs, Physick, &e. 4. An Elfay on the general Method of treating cancerous Tumours, By W. Bui ford, pr. 2S. Baldwin. 5. A genuine Account of the Man- ner of making beft Ruffia Pot- A flies. Communicated by Sir P. Warren, pr. 6d. Tryc. (See p. 351.) 6. An Eflav on the Sea Scurvy. By A. Addington, M. D. pr. is. Cooper. (See P- 35' •), 7. The Univerfal Dictionary of Trade and Commerce. Vol. I. By Mr. Poftle- thwayt, pr. 2I. 2s. in Sheets. Knapron. 8. A Syftem of Practical Matheroa- ticks. By J. Potter, pr. 6s. Cbmyns. 9. The Mathematical Repofitory. Vol. II. pr. 4s. 10. The Univerfal Meafurer. By A. Fletcher, pr, 6s. Clarke. 11. Mr. Salmon's Univerfal Traveller. Vol. I. Containing a Defcription of China, Tartary, the Japan, Philippine, Ladrone, Mollucas, Banda, Amboyna, Celon, and Sumatra Iflandsj the Sunda and Java iflandsj Tonquin, Codun- China, Siam, Ava, Arracan, India, Per- fia, Arabia, Turkey, Germany, Bohe- mia, Hungary, Poland, Pruflia, Ruffia, Sweden, Denmark, Norway. ufaftra^ed with 124 Copper-Plates and Maps, jpr. tl. 8*. in Sheets, Baldwin. Mla- Digitized by LjOOQ IC _

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Tbi Monthly Catalogue for Auguft, 1753. 391 MlSCBLLANtOUt. 12. The Seeds of Mankind, pr. it. Needham. 13. Dr. Free** Speech to the Mayor, Aldermen and Citizens of Oxford, July 30, 1753, pr. 6d. Hodges. 14. The compleat Engliih Dictionary, pr. js. Trye. 15. The Trial of John Barbot, Attor- ney at Law, for the Murder of Matthew Mills, Efqj in the Ifland of St. Chrifto- pher's, pr. js. Whifton. (Seep. 347.) 16. The Hiftory of the firft Difcovery and Settlement of Virginia. By W. Stitb, M. A. pr. 5s. 17. Britannia's Precaution to her Sons, pr. is. Owen. 18. A true Account of the late Hurri- cane at Whitehall, pr. 6d. Carpenter. 19. A Review of the whole Evidence for and againft Canning and Squires, pr. 1». Corbett. io. Seceding Pre(byterianifm difplayed, in the Cafe of Mr. John Potts, pr. 6d. Kingman. 21. The Pocket Companion fqjj^Qx* ford : Containing an Accurate defcnption of the publick Edifices, Colleges, Statues, Butts, Pictures, Ac. A new Edition en- larged, with Copper-plates, pr. is. Bald- win* 2i. 4 candid Examination of Lord Bo- tingbroke's Letters on Hiftory, pr. is. Sigley. a 3. Aa Alarm to Britannia's Protectant Sons, pr. 6d. johnfon. 24. A Journey from Joppa to Jerufa- lem in May, 1751. By D. Falconar, pr. is. Comyns. 25. A Letter from a Gentleman to his Son Abroad, occafioned by his having married a Roman Catholick, pr. 2s. $d.t Robinfon. 26. An Appeal to the Throne againft the Naturalization of the Jews, pr. 6d. Bouquet. 27. The Rejection and Reftoration of the Jews. By Archaicus, pr. 6d. Baldwin. e.8. The Cafe of the Jews confidtred, . pr. 6d. Reeve. ae. ScafonaWe Remarks on the rate % Ac* in favour of the Jews, pr. 6d. ' Podflcy. 30. A Review of the Naturalization of the Jews, By a Merchant, pr. is. POITIY. 31. A Choice Collection of Songs for Jfeveral Voices. By J. Arnold, pr. is. 6d. Hitch. 32. The Jews naturalized : A Ballad, pr. 6d. Webb. 33. Poems on feveral OcCafions. By 1 Olen Shing, B. A. pr. as. Bourn. StSMOWS. 34» A Sermon preached before the Lord Mayor, Sec, at St. Bride's, on Tutfday in Bafter Week. By S, Cowper, D, D. pr. 6d. Sandby. 35. A Sermon before the Society for Propagating the Oofpel in Foreign Part*, Feb. 16, 1753. By Edward Lord Btthop of LandarT, pr. is. Roberts. 36. A Sermon on the Death of Mr- J. Thurrowgpod. By B. Wailin, pr. a& Keith. 37. David's Sin in numbering of the People, pr. 6d. Cooper. 38. A Sermon before the King, Dec. 8. 17 ci. By E. Cobden, D. D. pr, 6d. Baldwin. 39. Pifcourfeson feyeraiSubjefts. Bjr„. W. Wifhart, D. D. pr. as. 6d. Millar. 40. The Reafons and Neceffity of pub* lick Worfliip, an Aflize Sermon at Ox- ford, March 8, 1751. By G. Fothergill, D. D. pr. 6d. Rivington. 41. The Crofs of Chrift. A Vifitatfon Sermbn at Northampton. By J. Hervey* A. M. pr. 6d. Rivmgton. 42. A Sermon before the AntigalOcans* By J. Free, D. D. pr. 6d. Robin/on. 43. Four Sermons of the late Rev, Mr. John Stuart, pr. aa. Hodges. 44. A Sermon at the Triennial Viola- tion of the Bimop of Lincoln at Hemcl- HempAead. By F. Ayfcough, D. D. pr. 6d. Owen. 45. A Sermon before die Lord Mayor at St. Bride's on Wedhaftay In Eafter Week. By T. MoreU, D. D. pr. 6d. Dod. 46. A Sermon on the Death of Seawen Kenrick, D. D. By J. Butler, LL. D. pr. 6d. 'Tonfon. 47. A Sermon before the Houfe of Commons, on May 29. By L. Howard, D. D. pr. 6d. Dodfley. 48. A Sermon before the Sons of the Clergy at St. Paul's, May 10, 1753. By T. Afliton, M. A. pr. 6d. Whifton. . 49. A Sermon on the 29th of May, pr. 64. The Author. co. Twelve Sermons on feveral Sub- jects. By C. Hufley, D. D. pr. 3s, 6d. Ward. 51. A Sermon at the Ordination of the r Rev. Mr. Barron. By J. Burroughs, pr. " 6d. Noon. 52. A Sermon at the Affixes at Thet- ford, March 23, 1753. By Glocefter Ridley, LL, B. pr. 6d. Clarke* 53. A Sermon before the Houfe of ( Lords, May 29, 1753. By James [John- fon] Lord Bifhop of Gloucelter, pr. 6e\ H. Cox. 54. Ten Sermons of the late Rev. Mr. Steuart. Owen. 55. A Sermon at the primary Vlfitatio* Of the Bithop of Norwich, at Bui y St. Edmund's. By R. Kedington, D. D. pr* 6d. ttctcroft. Paics; Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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h ■«>■«> -o*S-S «^-a ^ i*" •g".^ 5.S 6 * « «0 O O O O O o 0 O = =,? 3? - a-— — .^ | |ga is o -s |I 5 H paung s|.!:3'g.5'S,a.i:,83 fe.S w.s 2 c e u -j .. .. ^ u.2 -i3 J'g u J |l*.s.s: 2 b.s^.§.§« as 2 jr-a 833.5-3333 "a t. cf 33 " M a* si gg 8 a I aaaf a :**. •* *^ CO an en ^ •5 > \0 %© >0 \0 so «0 SO *0 >0 ^^^ ;**' ja .«e .«a .Ac* vo*o«e*o o o to o o o o o tv o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o J CO CO D o S*SS3,S3 5oC*S3,3 > »■.,»»■ +» •3 o C^CO_ 2^ 8 ML 4 M o o s .o 3 o ifSSs2 1 5 2S22 a* m — # 1? 6\Ae\( c 3 c ^ M M M £M MB Mb tm to> «■ k« «A u k. »_ ^_" •~ ■•.-• 2"' '•"•''" i* ^^ »*» «^ !•» Wi 0»^» • * «•»♦ «*^t) t^«i i^oo o\ 5 •• '•» W^wAoTTf^^m'j n • . n« « «w ww . a . M ^ 7" t^ J ^?V

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CONTENTS. Aft hiftorical account of the famous bull Unrgenitus 395 A cure for the gout or rheumatifm 396 A receipt for modern drefs ibid. Types of the folar eclipfe that will be on v October 26, in the morning 397 Particular remarks on the faid "ecjipfpin, the' feveral parts of the world 398 The life of Geoffry Chaucer, the father of Engltfh poetry ibid. &c. His characler 399 An account of his works 400 A fpecimen of his poetry ibid. The Jo venal of a learned and political Club, fcc. continued 401 410 Speech of T. Sempronius Gracchus againft the Jews bill 401 — 406 The three arguments for immediately palling the bill, and not postponing it, anfwered 401, 40a The queftion, whether the bill ought to pafs at all, confidered ibid. A regard to religion, and reverence to parliament, urged as motives againft the bill ibid, The inutility of the bill confidered 403 The prejudice and danger apprehended from the bill, with regard to our com- merce and prefent landed imereft 404 With refpect to our prefent happy efta- bhthment, and the next general ele&i- 4*** 4** s for 405 neral The road bill The Jews bill, and petitions for and againft it 4*2, 4*3 *The marriage bill 423, 424 An account of Mr. Cuffs new-conftrucV cd double microfcope 414 ExtraeVfrom M*. NorfonTs lettev to Mr. * Freke concerning' cancerous- *t*mours 4*5 A remarkable cafe related by him 425, 426 M. Voltaire's letter to his -niece, in the original French 427 The fame translated into English 428 A caution againft (harpers, (hop-lifters, houfc-breakers, Sec, with the arts made ufe of by them 429 The deceiving art, called mafoning ibid. Ringing tuggs and feats, or changing great coats and faddles 430 Milling of kens, or breaking of houfes ibid. A The little horn in Daniel explained 43c, 43» Poetry. The retort, a fong fet to mu- fick 432 A country dance 433 Monimia to Philodes, written by the late lord H y ibid. Written on the nrft leaf of Milton's Fa- rad ife Loft, that was fent to a lady 43$ A fpring evening ibid. The Monthly Criomologii 436 Eledrical experiments for drawing the lightning from clouds ibid. A lift of the important differences de- pending between the courts of Europe ibid. Infcription on lord Bolingbroke's monu- ment 437 A woman burnt for poifoning her ho/band ibid. Sefiions at the Old Bailey ibid. The three Abbot(bury men acquitted ibid. Mr. Crouch robbed and murdered ibid. General court of the Bank 43S Sheriffs fworn in, and new lord-mayor eleded ibid. Parliament of tinners ibid. Country aflizes Marriages and births Deaths r Ecclefuftrcal preferments Promotions civil and military Perfons declared bankrupts Prices of ftocks and grain j wind, wea- ther 44* Monthly bill of mortality That the bill is a ftep towards a general naturalization 406 SrttcH of Afranios Barrhus, in favour of the t marriage bill 407 Dr. Addington, of the fea-fcurvy 410 Of the cure of the fea-fcurvy 411 Latin difcarded, a fatire 412 To whom it may ftill be of ufe 413 Cenfure on the prefent fashionable em- ployment of rural life, from The World 414 Solution of a furveying que ft ion 415 Qgeftion in navigation propofed ibid. Solution of an arithmetical queftion 416 Defcription of the city of York ibid. Maflacre of the Jews there '417 Publick buildings there 418 The cathedral and chapter-hoofe 419 A fummary of the moft important affairs in the laft feflton of parliament 419— 424 Of the bill for permitting the exportation of wool and woollen yarn from Ireland to Great-Britain 419, 420 The Edinburgh bill 420 The alehoufe bill 420, 421 The Letter from Cambridge againft the Jews it'll, in anftoer to the remarks lately pAijptd^ by one kuLq calls bitsfilf a byfLnder, pall be in our next 5 as alfi the hymn to Contentment* am ^ber pieecs we have received* C$* Receipts for allecling the Land Tax au/WiKDOW Lxohts, mri grven Gratis* by R. Baldwin, Book/eHtY, a tbt Roft in Pater-NcAtr-Row. ibid. 43*> 4S9 ft Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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THE London Magazine. SEPTEMBER, 1753. Jn Account ef the Bull Ukxgskitus. fHE glorious ftand which it made by the parlia- ment of Paris in favour of liberty of conference, cannot fail to be applaud- ed by every true Briton. ^ reading it.' fpirit, piety, and myfteries of the holy fcriptures." Prop. 80. w The reading of the holy fcriptures i$ for all.*' Prop. St. «f The facred qbfcurity of the word of God it no reafqn for the laity to'difpenfe with the obligation of They oppofe the vile at< tempu to manacle the aonfcience* of the people, with a genius and fpirit able to cope with the combined force of regal ambition, prieftly cunning, and minifterial influence. That our readers may judge of the im- portance of this affair, we prefent them Prop. 8*. « The Lord's day tfluft be fandified by christians with the reading of pious books, and above all of the holy fcriptures. It is mifchievous to think of withdrawing a chriftian from the reading thereof.** Prop. 83. " It is an illusion toperfuade one's felf, that the knowledge of the -with the following brief historical account & myfteries of religion muft not be imparted of that famous bull, or constitution of tbe late pope, called Unigenitus *, which is but little underilood, altho* it is the fouroe of all the difputes which have lately arifen between the clergy and par- liaments of France. The defign of the pope's bull, pub- to women by reading the facred books. The abufes of fcripture, and hereties, are not fprung from the Simplicity of women, but from the proud knowledge of men." Prop. 84. '« To match the New Tefta- ment out of the hands of christians, or to keep it Shut to them, by depriving them limed in the year 171 3, was to condemn Cof the means of understanding it, is a great number of proportions contained in a book, published by father Quefnell, totaled, « The New Teftament, with moral reflections upon every verfe, Sec, or, An abridgement of the morality of the Cofpel, the Ada of the apoftles, the epiAles of St. Paul, the canonical epiftles, to Shut unto them the mouth of Chrift.' Prop. 85. " To forbid chriftians the reading the holy fcriptures, especially of the gofpel, is to forbid the uie of light to the children of light, and to make them fuffer a fort of excommunication.** On thefe propositions, among the reft; and the Revelations." Out of this book ^\ the pope paffed his cenfure in the follow* of father Quefnell* s, the Pope culled 101 ing words? Wherefore having heard the judg- ment of the cardinals, and other divines aforefaid, which they delivered to us both, in word and writing, and having implored the aSEftance of divine light, by appointing private and "alfo publick prayers for thai end, we do by this our unalterable con* I Shall only take notice of thofe E Ai tut ion 'declare, condemn, and reject .refpeelively, all and every one of the pro- positions aforefaid, as falfe, captious, founding ill in, and offensive to pious earsj fca'ndalous, pernicious, rafli, In- jurious to tl»e church and her practice, contumelious not only to the church but Ddd *"• * ' ' t* proportions, and paSTed a moft fe^crt cen- fure upon them. Moil of them exprefs Che common Sentiment of thofe called Jan- fenifts, relating to the efficacy of divine frace, fome to the invalidity of unjuft excommunications, and one to the prac- tice of making oaths fo common in the church propositions that relate to the reading. the holy fcriptures, which the pope, in this bull, has thought fit to condemn. Prop* 79. ^ It. is profitable and necsf • tary in all times, all places, and for all sorts of .perfions, to fludy and -know r the September, 1753 • From tkejirftvwrd of tbt bull, wbitbltginttbutt Unigtnitus Alius Dei plantavit vineam. Digitized by VjOO<J IC

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|p6 Bull Unigeaitwu Curt/cr #i# Rheumatifin, fe?*\ Sept. Co the fate, fsditious, wicked, blafpne* every morning failing in a cup of wine 'pious, fape&cd of herefy, and alfo fa- and water, broth, tea, or any other vehf- yoaring ot bereticks , heretics, and fchifin clc you like beft ; keep failing an boar anil too, erroneous* bordering upon herefy, a halfafter it, continue this for three months and in fine alfo heretical, &c." without interruption, then dirainifti the And in this constitution he commanda dofe to | of a drachm for three months Ion- the faithful of both fexes, that {t they pre- ger, then to I drachm for fix months more, fume not to hold, teach or preach other- ^ taking it regularly every morning, if pot- wife concerning tee propofitions than is fible. .Jester the firft year it wiftbe fuf- nonUined in this conftitution. mfomuch ficient to take I a drachm every •(her as whoever (hall teach, defend, or pub- day. As this medicine operates infenfibly, 1ifh them or any of them jointly or feve- it will take perhaps two years before yon rally, or /halt treat of them by way of receive any great Vnefit, i> you muft difpote, publick or private, unlefs to im- not be difcouraged tho* you do not per- pugn them, (hall, iffo JaQo% without any ccive any great amendment \ it works, other declaration, incur the church cen- flow but fure, it doth not confine the (tares, and be obnoxious to other penalties » patient to any particular diet, fo one lives appointed by law againft fuch delkr* foberiy and abAains from tfcofe meats and quent. He further forbids the printing liquors that nave always been accounted of the faid book of father QuefnelTs, and pernicious in the gout, as champaignei forbids every one of die faithful the read* drams, high fauces, Jtc. $ng, transcribing, * keeping, or ufirig it, N. B. In the rheematitin that is only under the pain of excommunication to accidental, and not habitual, a few of the be' incurred, ipfi fa&o. He requires his drachm dofes may do j hut if an babituaj venerable brethren, patriarchs, arch- Q or that has been of long duration, then bifhopt, bithops, and other ordinaries, you muft take it aa for the gout ; the rem- and alio the inquifitors of herefy, that by medy requires patience, as it operate* all means the?' reft rain and reduce who* but flow in moft di&empcrs. sjoever mail contradia or rebel againft the i ».,..„.- e„ MnMRfJ ni*«$c; eonftitution, by the penalties and cenfure* A ******* fcr MODERN DRESS, a/ore/aid, and the other remedies of law Fran tU Salisbury Journal, Sepu 17. and fad, even by calling in, if need be, tjANG a fmall bugle cap on, as big an the fee uJ a r power.' * xi. a crown, [pompoon) This remarkable bull concludes thus, D Snout it off with a now V, vmlgo dia. a " Let no one then infringe or audacioufly Let your powder be grey, and braid u*V eppofe this our declaration, condemns- your hair tion, prohibition, and interdict \ and if Like the mane of a colt, to be told at a fair ; any one prcfume to attempt this, let him A ihort pair of jumps, half an ell from Ifnow he (hay incur the indignation of your chin, '* Almighty Cod, and thai of bis blefled To majteyour appear Hkoonejuft lying-in; ApoRJes, Peter and Paul, Given atRome at Before, fos your breait, pin a Aomnohor St» Ma.f7 Major's, in the yea/ of our Lord £ bib on* [con* tjtjf, the 6cJ> of the ides of September, Ragout it with cutlets of fihrer and rib* end in the 1 3th year of our pontificate." Your neck and your moulders both naked! % the terrible roaring of thia bull the flsouM be» [vtttx-defihet j mm, thought to Qience the doctrines of Was it not for. Vandyke, blown with eU* Isthejr Quefae.ll, bur great numbers of Let your gown, be a fack, blue, yellow or tye French nation have embraced them. green, rfixteen j l?>e. clergy therefore make ufe of this bull And frizzle your elbows with roiBee nt a fort of teft to discover fuch beredeka \ tv*\ off your lawn apron, with flounces end if they do not fubicribe to it, the fa- F in rows, " [your toes i cramentaand other rigjtfe of the cjweb Puff ajidpuckerupkisou on your arnssaswl aye refufed them. Make your petticeata iportt that a noon j^AnftolocWarotwxU.wftrtbO Vitb fringe* of toot**, ytmr Dicky t w,ort 2 rest* caboe% ' GentUn ^. — _ J On flipfjers.ofvehet^ fetsplda^la-daisbet Oennatocfcf 7 r; anitsaount c^FresKA basis when you go Ground pineW«WW*. <J tee,bell, [canfcHj Centaury J, TU the retnlon to totter, and mew yosj trert AKE of all thefe well dry'd, powderM Threw naodnfy. oet from your maswirrs 'X and Med, » »• «• you can, equal andtace, height, mix them well together, aM Arla-oiede dc Francois, ysm?ne a bet tjlxc one drachm of thia muted powder for his grace. 0/ Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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f?5$- Of tht Ect ipsf «f/fcSUN» O&ober. $9y Qf tbi Sot a* Scfcitsi t£* twtf A* #» Friday, 0&. 26, 1753, « '*» Afcn«%. TX?Biir LONDON. Begin* 16 V after S ] i 4/9" aft«f W 3a'7"tAfrio Sit* - W 40" after 10 SDIKBttROH. DUBLIV. 'after* gin* 3S" »A«t iratiii Digitized by VjOOQI£

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j9S Observations 0* the Solar Eclipse; Sept NOTES/ i. A T the middle of the general eclipfe f\ the whole penumbra -will not • be comprehended within the earth's illu- minated diflt* Nor can there any where be a total fton from Dublin, about the time of tee middle of the eclipfe at that ?faot» wffl be but 26 {miles per minute : Tbeiea~ ion is,* aH places of the earth are cartied by its rotation from weft to eaft, and la thofe places of the earth's illuminated fe- mifphere following the made with a flower eclipfe, except at thofe places where the £ pace mud, of confluence, diniintfh tfae altitude of the moon, at the time the center of the penumbra pafles over or near them, mall be 140 or more. 3. In the lat. 34* 4' north, 210 ia' } weft long, about 100 leagues N. W. of the Madeiras, the penumbra will firft touch the earth 59' 35'' after 7, where the eclipfe will begin at the fupreme point of the fun's periphery at fun-rife. 4. The center of the penumbra will ftrft be received upon the earth 5' 1' af- ter 9, in the lat. 46 ° a' north, 330 1' { weft long, about 140 leagues north -weft of the Azores, where the fun will rife centrally eciipfed. 5. At 19' 47'; after 10, the fan will velocity whereby it moves from them* 11. Tho' the times in the prectdbg notes refpect London only, yet thrjj^j eafily be adapted to any other place. #H London Magazine for May, 174S, p*Sfe 221, 222, where are alfo dire&ioasfto viewing a folar eclipfe. _ Viearage- Houfe, » " Shoreditch, Sept. 4, 1753* C.Moxt**, lie Life */ GEOFFRY CHAUCER the Father euricus PI TH E place of Chaucer's birth hast?*' almoft as much controverted 4s that of Homer, fomc affigning tr of Englim Peaty. JFtt* * »RINT «/^R»d. be "centrally and totally eciipfed at noon,£ others. Oxfordshire, particularly w*ftej in the lat. 210 48' J north, 25°!' J eaft ftock, for that honour $ long, which aniwers to the eaftem ex- tremity of Zaara or the Defart, near the river Nubia, that falls into the Nile, which, without doubj, wfll greatly fur- prize the migratory inhabitants of that barren place. In this longitude, the fun being on the meridian, will be more or. . buttheflf* probable conjecture is, that he wtl tpt at London. His defcent is equelHr fft* certain, tho* it is mod likely that mtt» ther was a knight j for we find ei Chaucer attending upon Edward \ queen Phujppa, in their ex Tlanders and Cologn, who ha DCing on inc muriai«u, win uc mure or~ rMiiiuvi»«iiuv.Biwgii, wjiv uwj Itfs eciipfed from n° 48' fouth, to 77* & protection to go over fea in the 25' north lat. at the former of which places the moon will but juft be in con- tact with the vertical poinj of the fim 5 but at the latter the defect will be 2 digits 32' upon the lower part of the fun's diflc. 6. In the lat. 190 north, 31° 23/ \ eaft long, a little to the weft of Nubia, of his reign. The fuppofitipn, ti gentleman was Chaucer's fatp a knight or not, is ftreng '" making, after leaving the univ inns of law, his firft applicad court ; as it is not unlikely I' vices of the father mould 1 the fun will be centrally eciipfed in the £ fon 300 of the ecliptick, at 40' 19'' after 10. 7. The center of the penumbra will leave the earth in the north part of the bay of Bengal, in the lat. 180 23' north, long. 840 44' J .eaft, about 30 leagues caft of Biralipatan : Here, at 4' 3'' after 12, the fun will fet centrally eciipfed. 8. The penumbra will wholly leave the „ earth 9' 29" after 1, in lat. 6° 13' north, * 700 13' 4 eaft long, at the moft northern of the Maldivia's, where the eclipfe will end at the fun's fupreme point at fun- fet. Hence, But wherever Chaucer dr breath, or whoever was his univerfally agreed, that he 1 the fecond year of the reign of J ward HI. A. D. 1328. His firft. were in the1 univerfity of from whence he removed to ' after a considerable ftay tb came (fays Lei a mi) " a ready | fmooth rhetorician, a pie great philosopher, am ^5°^ matician, and a holy divine*? leaving hrs learned retirement,., veiled into France, Holland, he fpent fome of his younger 1 his return, he entered hknfi 9. The duration of the general eclipfe will be 5 hours 9' 54'', and of the central 2 hours 59' .z' . " 10. The velocity of the moon's fhadowQ Inner Temple 5 but had not when pairing over the earth wQL.be '26 $ there before bis fupertor aba miles per minute j but the velocity where- with it will recede from a given place on the earth's illuminated diflc, will be lefs than it* Ttos> for example, its recef- taken notice of by feme perfafc i tinclion, by whofe patronage be tfct proacned the fplendor of the court. was now about the age of 30, aa*t W Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1753: the Lifs «/ CHAUCER. 399 ides the advantages of wit and learning, was in groat favour with K, Richard If. waa remarkable for the eomdinefs of hit who, among Other benefactions* reftored ptrfon, and his genteel behaviour j fo to him bis grant of a pitcher of wine that he now became a finished courtier, daily, and a pipe annual'y, to be deli* He waa firft made page to the king, a. vered to him by his fon Thomas, then place then of great honour. In the 41ft chief butler to the king. But being now year of Edward III. he received an an- about 70 years of age, he quitted the mrity of 20 marks per ann. which was A ftageof grandeur, and retired to Dun ning- no inconfiderablc penfionin tho(e days. ton-Caftle, near Newbury, in Berkfhlre, The year after he was advanced to be of to reflect at leifure upon paft tranfa&xons the king's privy chamber, and foon after in the ftill retreats of contemplation. In his (hield- bearer. He now contracted this retirement he fpent his remaining' friendships, and procured the efteem of days, univerfally loved and honoured : perfons of the Arft quality : Queen Phi- He was familiar with all men of learning lippa, the duke of Lancafter, and his in his time t Gower, Oceleve, Lidgate, dutchefs Blanch (hewed particular honour ~ and Wicklilfe our firft reformer, were his to him ; and lady Margaret the king's " great admirers and particular friends : He daughter, and the countefs of Pembroke, was alfo well acquainted with foreign gave him their mod zealous patronage as poets, particularly Francis Petrarch, the a poet. In his poems called the Romaunt famous Italian poet, and refiner of the of the Rofe, and Troilus and Crefeide, he language. After a retirement of about gave offence to fome court ladies by the two years Chaucer died, 0€t. 25, 1400, leofenefs of his description, which the in the yzd year of his age, and in the 2d lady Margaret refented, and obliged him of the reign of Henry IV. He had two to atone for it by his Legend of good C Cons, one of which, viz. Thomas, above- Women, a piece as chafte as the others mentioned, made a great figure in the were luxuriously amorous 5 and, under ftatc, in the reigns of Richard II. and the name of the Daifey, he veils lady Henry IV. V. and VI. Margaret, whom of all his patrons he Dryden fays, our Chaucer was poet inoft«fteemed. laureat to three kings 5 but Urry is of By the recommendation of the dutchefs opinion that Dryden muft be miftaken, a* Blanch, he married Philippa Rouet, After among all hit works not one court poem to the guardianefi of her grace's children, ^ is to be found 5 and Selden obferves, that who was a native of Hainault. In the he could find no poet honoured with that 46th year of the king's reign, he was title in England before the reign of Ed- fent, in commiflion with others, to treat ward IV. to whom one John Kaye dedi- with the doge and fenate of Genoa ; and cated the Siege of Rhodes in profe, by for his fucce&ful negotiations there, the the title of his Humble Poet Laureat. king granted to him by letters patent, by The following words of Urry will very the title of Armger Najler, one pitcher of well difplay the character of this great wine daily in the port of London, and man. " As to his temper, fays he, he Aon after made him comptroller of the B had a mixture of the gay, the modeft, coftoms. The duke of Lancafter, whofe and the grave. H13 reading was deep and favourite paiBon was ambition, which re- extenfive, his judgment found and dif- quired the afliftance Of men of ability cerning ; he was communicative of hit and learning, engaged warmly in our knowledge, and ready to correct or pafs poet's intereft ; betides, the duke was re- over the faults of his cotemporary wrt- markabry fond of lady Catherine Swyn- ters. He knew how to judge of and ex* ford, Chaucer's wife's fitter, who was cufe the flips of weaker capacities, and then fuardianefs to his children, and p pitied rather than expofed the ignorance whom he afterwards married : So that he of that age. In one word, he was a waa doubly attached to him, and with great fcholar, a pleafant wit, a candid the varying fortune of the duke ef Lan- critick, a fociable companion, a ftedfaft cafter, we find Chaucer rife or rail : He friend, a great philofopher, a temperate was now necefiarily entangled in the af- ceconomift, and a pious chriftian." A* lairs of ftate, which, amkm the various to his genius as a poet, Dryden (than broils and disturbances at court, fome- whom a higher authority cannot be pro- times proved very prejudicial and even duced) fpeaking of Homer and Virgil, dangerous to him, and occafloned him G pofitively aflerts, that our author exceeded tonce te fly his country* On his return; the latter, and ftandsin competition with "he was for fome time in very tow and the former. aUtrefied tircumftances, till the duke ol His language, how unintelligible fo- |*ncafter*s intereft reviving, Chaucer's ever it may mm, is almoft as modern as food fortune returned wit* it, and he any ef ms eetemooraries, er of tbofe 4 wh#

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— — — »▼- — — - - ■"■— «w««w Ma, ■■■■■! Or bolls, of popes, mm! of canfinelos, Of natriarkes, and of btfeopt I fcewi And in Latin I l>eake wordcs a few. 4po 5feLi»i»/CHAUCEi &p£ who followed torn at the diftancc of 50 feme of which err juftf y fojpeded nc£ to or 60 yeas*, have been Me, The comedies imputed . a . r « , %*r *. to him are no ether than his Canterbury An Account of Cka*ce»'s World. Takf> ^ ^ Twgtdief ^tn thofe tJJ The Court of Love was written while monks Soil in his Tales. The Teftantent he refided at Cambridge, in the sSthyear of Love was written in his trouble the of his age. The Craft Lovers was writ- latter part of bts We. The Soar begins ten in 1348, and the Remedy of Lore Am** Fly fro the Prefe, tut. wa* written probably about the feme time. The La- in his death hid. mentation of Mary Magdalen, uken from Origen, was written by him in his early. A Specimen of Cha vest's Poetry. ££ -Oj&JZSS&ffl; ™* CROONERS PROLOGUE, about the fame time. The Romaunt of Lording* ! quoth he, in chirch when I the Role is a tranftation from the French : precne, rtpecfie f It feems to have been translated about « I peine mee to have an have an kamemo the time of the rife of WicklinVs opi- a And ring it out, as round asdoth a bufl| nions, it confining -of violent invectives For I can all by rote that I tell, again!! refigious orders. The Complaint My teme is always one, and ever was, of the Black Knight, is fuppoicd to ' (Radix omnium malorum eft cupiditasj be written on account of the duke Firft, I pronounce fro whence I come, of Lancafter's marriage. The poem of And then my bills, I mew all and feme 1 Troilus and Crefcide was written in Our Page lords feel on my patent 1 the early part of his life. The Houfe of That mew I firft, my body to warrant 1 Fame j from this poem Mr. Pope ac- C That no man be fo bold, prieft ne clerk, knowledges he took the hint of bis Tern- Me to difturb of Cfanft's holy werfce | pie of Fame. The book of Blaunch the And after that I tell forth my tales, Pucbeis, commonly called the Dremeof Chaucer, was written upon the death of that lady. The Affembly of Fowls, or Par- lement of Briddis, was written before the To fever with my predication, death of queen Philippe. The Life of St. And for to Here men to devotion. Cecilia feems to have been Arik a &igler)ThenmewIforttmylong^chiailaUftoiie% poem, afterwards made one of his Canter* " Ycrammed foil of dents and 0/ bones » bury Tales, which is told by the frcomt Benches they been, as were dwy,eohooe I Nouns 1 And fo perhaps was that of the Then have 1, in Latin a feodsr bone, Wife of Bath, which he advsfes John of Which that was of an holy Jewcs mope. Oaunt to read, and was afterwards in* Good men, fey, take of my words fcepe I fertcd m his Canterbury Tales. The Can- If this bone we wamen in any well, terbury Tales were written about the year If cow, or calfe, fhepe, or oxe Iwett 1383. It is certain the Tale of the Nonnes That any worm hath eaten, or hem ftrona} Prieft was written after the infurrcftion B Take water of this well, and waftihfetenfi of Jack Straw and Wat Tyler. The And it U bole a-non > And furthermore, f fewer and the Leaf was written by him Of noekes, and feabs, ami every fore in the Prologue to the Legend of Code Shall ftiepe be bole, that of this well Women. Chaucer's ABC, called la Priere Prinketh a draught 1 Take keep of mat da noftre Dam*, was written for the ufe I toll ! of the ddbhefe Blanch. La belle Dame fens If that the good man, that beftftsoweth, Mercy, was tranflatcd from the French of Woll every day, ere the ooeke crow**, Alain Chattier, fecretary to Lewis XL • Falling drink of this well* a draught, fang of France. The Complaint of Mars (As thiik holy lew our eWeri taught) and Venus was translated from the French. His beefts and his ftores mall multiphe t The Complaint of Annihda to falfe Ar- And Sirs, alfo it healtth jeakmic, ettc. The Legend of Code WomenXcalled For, the/ a men be fell in Jealous rage, the Affembly of Ladies, and by feme the Let make with this water his potage, nineteen Ladies) waa written to oblige And never mail he more his wife mtArm\ the queen, at the rceueft of the countess Thughe, in froth, trie derate by her wiftt of Pembroke. The Tteatife of the Ceo> All had fee taken priefts two or three ! elnfisn of theAftrolabie was written in 6 Here is a mittaine eke. that ye may fee* she year 1391. Of the Cuckow and He that baa his hand well pet m this Nightingale j this feems by the description snktame ; te> have been written at Woodstock. The He feell have mjtkipl* fog of hit gram*, Ballade beginning, In Fevosse, fee. waa a When ht h«tk fewon, be it wlieat or etesf auenplimens to thoeountefe of Pembroke. £e that hoofegc*dpcn*c* grotos! Several other ballads are afcribed to him, JOUR- Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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JOURNAL of the Proceedings and Debate! in the Political Club, continued from p. 367. (peaking very intelligently againft it d&boogb I have alrtady fent you a long for half an hour,) whether he mnderftyoJ Delate we had in our Club upon the Jews what was the intention of the bill? to which BUI, yet as we had feveral Debates upon he made anfwer, that be undaftocd bint' the fame SubjecJ, in which many remark- ft!ft and believed every body under/food, that able Speeches were made, and as many the intention *f the bill was to tiatarmlixe the of your Rtaders may be defrosts to fee fame JVnw.— The gentleman take* advantage of them, I have ftnt you the following, £ of thir expreihon, obferves that the bill which was made by T. €?mpronius Grae- it not a bill to naturalize the Jews, but ckus, upon what we call the third Reading a bill to take a way the incapacities which, of the BUI, and was in Subftance tbm. by the common law of the hnd, and bf _- the ftatute lawi, they now lie under to Mr. Frefident, ^ natufinzed— and from hence argues, SIR, that even the petitioners themfelves againft BY tbe motion now made for ad- the bill are ignorant of the nature of the jourmng thia debate to a diftant bill.— But it this way of fifhing for in- day, I am at liberty to fjpeak to B accurate anfwert out of the month of both theft queftions, firft, Whether this refpe&able merchants, coming humbly faill ought to pafs at all, and fccondly, to lay their apprehenflont upon a point Whether it ought to pafe at this time, of great national concern, in a regular The firft of thefe questions depends and parliamentary way, before you, a wholly upon the merits or demerits of fair method of proceeding? Is there any the bill : The latter upon the weight of dignity in this manner of debate ?— The the arguments of the gentleman in the gentleman at tlie bar fpoke eflentially aununiftration> who has juil nowfpoken. C the truth, This is a biH intended tonatnralixe —I (ball beg leave, in the firft place, the Jews, or it is a biU intending netblnr. to confider thofe arguments,— and in the —Ninety- nine men in an hundred would next, to fay fomething to the bill itfelf. have exprefled themfelves in the fame The firft reafon given by the Hon. manner upon the fame aueftion, and none, gentleman why this bill ought net to be who had not conceived a mean and dif* postponed, but to bepaflcdat this time, refpeQful opinion of this houfe, would * p becaufe he finds the nature of the bill have thought it neceflary to have guarded wholly mifunderftood even by the peti- r* what he laid againft a quibble (pardon tienets themfelves who have appeared at the expreflfion) of (uch a kind as this. tbe bar, and consequently, that it muft The next reafon offered by the Hon* nod ' will be greatly milapprehended by gentleman, why we mould immediately the nation, if it mould end here t— Where- proceed to pafs this bill, is drawn from aa if the bill mould pafs, it will become the refye& due to the other houfe, who a law, printed, promulged, and fully have agreed to it with almoft a genera! known to the whole people, who will voice.— That the pofponing the tonfd&ation then fee how much they have been im- of this bill would be treating them with font • pofed upon by fome factious and defign* E degree of difrejpecl. To this 1 anfw chat ing men, who have ftirred againft it in the it feems to me, and I take it to have city of London, and have been dignified -been always underftood in this place, that by the Hon, gentleman with tbe title of it was more fefpeaful to any bill, or the tbafcaUylbeep. ' advocates of any bill, to let it fall gently Sir, I hope the gentleman wilf excufe by adjourning the confideratton of it to me, for I neither want a proper regard a long day, than to cant it out of the , for him, nor bear him any particular ill houfe upon debate, with that refentment, will | but it is imponlble for me to avoid p which I think the bill does thoroughly laying, that his reafoning in this inftance deferve. Unlets, therefore; the gentleman se neither confiftent with that candour means by this refpeft to the other houfe, which he prefefles, nor well founded in that we muft pafs this bill becaufe they . asny rt(pc€t. Upon what does he found have been pleafed to pafs it, his arguments it r Upon a queftion, which he juft before from the refpecl due to them makes no- pot to one of the petitioners at the bar, thing to his purpofc— I have great re- £ which I own 1 thought a ftrange one at fped for the other houfe/ becaufe they *re tbm time, after that perfon had been one of the three conftituefct parts e*> the E_ of E— , legislature, and ef equal imp* caeca to Jhe September, 1753. £ a e cent Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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4 therefore it mud pats now.— —Tin the latter cafe, yon would do veeJI But give me leave to fry, this kind of to reflect what consequences may result talk is a very light treatment of the forma from h to your own existence. If the nod orders of this boufet— If the forma opinions of the people are, either juftly or and rules of this houfe, as to the courfe of ' unjuftly, fo formed ae to believe, (which, bills, are not contemptible, they are of onjuft as it would be, may ftill potnoJv uft $ and they can he of no ufe, unlefs be the cafe at this time) — that parlia- they mean to grvo yon opportunity, in „ menu have Ml all attention to their civil every (Up, upon every law, to conflder * liberties $ and if in the feme temper of and reconfider the fobjed-matter of that their minds, you would lead them into n law, abAra&ed from any regard to the farther error* and fuperadd a conviction opinion which had prevailed at any time that you fit equally loofe to their religious or times of debate before. - rights $— What fupport can you expeft f Permit sue now, Sir, to conflder the —How long can yon hope to fuhent as main queftion, Siail this bill ptfi at all, a parliament, againft the power whkh.you *r mat With my concurrence it hyil fay you annually rajfe, and conceit font never pa ft, and I will explain to you thoQ felvee now able to controul, but which, motives, which determine me to fet my without any doubt, may then treat you fece- again* it. Firft, out of regard to as the feme power railed by your pro- #ei«eion« aid reverence to parliament, and deceflbrt formerly treated them ?— I (beak, «next» Cor reafons grounded on the inuti- in the next place, to the inutility of this fuajr, pcsjndice anddange/ of the meafqre. bin* :#* T°* • 7bt MarrUit &ff. Digitized by CjOOQlC

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tj$$. Proceedings*/" /A* Political Club, Ctfr. 403 The benefit to arte from the admiffion power but. neceflity in this country to he of any foreign people upon earth can con- above the law }— yet I will venture to fay, fifl in tbefe circumrtances only, — That that Jewifli troopt will not fcrve the pur- they will bring over great treaAiress— That pofel, either of the nation, the admin t- their numbers will Incrcafe the military ftration, or the crown.-—! muft confefs ftrengtb and power of the ftate i— That however, that one purpofe may be an- they will improve your manufactures, and fwered by their admiflion «— The abomi,r extend your trade. a nation in wliich they ane held by the peo« At to the treafures that will be brought pie of this kirindom, mould they grow ©ver by this admiflion of the Tews, you * infolent, or obnoxious by their num* have been told by great authorities at the bers, may provoke excctTes againft them, bar, that in (ad there are very few rich which, when all other arguments fail for Jews to come from any pact of the known * (landing army, may furnim new ones world, and as things now stand this for its fupport.— For it is no extravagant country ntuft be the place, in which fuppofition, (hould this bill pafs, that the nil Tews of cosraderable property, who confeouence may hereafter be not only aj« here already.will remain, and to which B the eftabliihmrnt, but the employment all others wiU naturally come without of an army to knock our own chriftian thnyid of this bill :•— Beeaufe the lenity fellow- fubjects on the head, in protection. of our laws,- and fecurity of property to o( our foreign Jews. men of att perfusions whatsoever, as*- Sir, it is equally chimericaliapropofe any fords a better protection to them than advantage from the manufactures or lahour they can find in an> other part of Europe*. •* the Jews, which have been both idly ' —In point of privilege, whatever has been mentioned : Whence are theft manufactur,- fald, they enjoy none greater in any na- Q »ng, thefe labouring Jews to come ?— j tion upon earth.— We are told, that they flueftion whether any number of Jews at are indulged m France to buy houfes in this time exercife any manufacture, or foi- Che trading towns :— And by Jaw they low any laborious profeflion in any part of have been intitlcd to this here for many the known world.— -And in truth from their centuries, tho* excluded from the right obftinate fypcrftkiop, and the total dif- jU purchafing any eftates in land, whioh ference of their csiloms in every circum- they are neither by law intitlcd to do here, fiance of life, it would be utterly impof- or any where elfe that I know ot, or, as n flWe for diem to mix with our people, i Hand at prefent informed, do believe, " were they never io well qualified tor it in in tbeihriman world.—If therefore they «*erv orher refpect. But we are toloW 1iave neither confiderable wealth to bring, admitting afi this— they may Aill greatly t>or want fuperior inducements already extend our commerce.— Sir, if we flatter to come, it is nothing bat a wanton ourfelvea with any notions of this kind, fpiritof innovation, of changing the old we do it in opposition to all experience; laws of England, and Jetting op for every both of antient and modern times.— The novel inftitution (the very difeaft of the trade of the Jews, as it appears by the eimesy that can prompt us to this ungra- £ oldeft of our hiftories, and the earlieft re- ~ciou* act* cords both here and in other countries. But does any man expect any eocreafe was ufury, brokerage, and jobbing, in *f ftrengtb or military power, from add- a higher or a lower degree.— By this traf- ang to the numbers of your people by the fiok, in former ages, they diftreflcd and pdroimon of the jews ?— - Tho* it be true, ruined the christian fubjects in fcch that in defiance of the fundamental laws numbers every where, as to draw down of this country s— f o direct contradiction upon them from time to time therefentment of the very act of fettlement itfclf,— fo- „ of all nations, and in this tramclc riiey reigners arc now actually lifted, not ontyr * have improved fo far in this age, as now in your armies, but in the very guards : to ruin whole kingdoms inftead of indi- — and that in the inftance of a late and viduals, by aiding miniftere to beggar signal infraction of the laws, aggravated the itatet they fcrve, by which tramclc by cireumftancet of oopataUefd cruelty aUb they have greatly aided to plunge and oppremon, and actually commuoi- this nation into a debt of near 80 milli- eated this very (emon to this houfe, yet cms ; but for real commerce, and any the very (bktier named (after full notice of honeft trade of merchandize, even in this hie cafe In parliament, and after petitioning q country, where the greateft opportunities -tor his difcharge) k still by violence de- of trade exift, where their people have tained in the fervice s— And tho* this in- the largeft fortunes to carry it 00, their -(COntedably proves, that our armies can- dealings are fo incormderable, -that they •pet be compleated out of our natural born do not deferve to be the object of our at* s^aje&a, fcr J am not to fuppofe any tention in any degree, oil*rwife than as E e e % fht Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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404 PitocfeEDiNOS of the Political Club, lie Sept. the enquiry into the fa& miy prove the can judge of this better than we can* contrary of the pretence. For in truth, it mould hot be run. will not be found, that of all the immenfe But inconveniences of this fort are con- fortunes made by the Tews now fubrnling- federations far inferior tothedanger, which among us. any one has been otherwife this bin threatens to bring upon the Re- acquired than by contracts, fubferiptions, neral eltablimment of this kingdom.— I eommiflions, and correfpondences, and am to (uppofe that this bill muft have this all kinds of jobbing with the neceflities \ effect, that the Jews who are now here, of the public* in the late war. or who are to come here, will lay out Since therefore the naturalization of vaft fums of money in land. The advo- of the Jew* tends to no important addi- cates for this bill have been imprudent tion of property to this kingdom ; — to no enough to intimate, that this is their in- pofliblc encreafe of flrength 5— to no im- tention j—Th'rs they avow to be one of provement in manufactures ; — to no ex- the greater benefits they expect from it, tenflon of the commerce of the kingdom, as it will nrife the price of lands. — Now, this bill can be no meafure of utility, and & Sir, if this mould not be the cafe, what has cannot merit the fanction of this houfe. " been already faid proves that the bill wiB I now come to lay before you the preju- have no effect, which is alone a fuffkient dice and danger, which I apprehend from reafbn why it mould not pafs :— But tf it this bill. (hould have this confequence, I do main* The firft relates to the commerce of tain it to be the mo ft formidable and high - the kingdom, and has been ftrongly, (la- ]y dangerous meafure that was ever pur- ted by the gentlemen who (poke in behalf fued ; — for it directly tends to the ruin, of themfelvcs and other merchants of Lad- and even annihilation of the prefent land- don at the bar.— They have told you, that C ed interert of England. Of what tmpor- in Portugal, tho* many who are known tance is it to gnglimmen, that the price .to be Jews in their heart do reflde there, of lands in England mould be raifed, to yet any Jew would be burnt at a (lake this end only, that by this advance of who avowed his religion, and did not put price the people may be tempted to throw himfelf under the immediate protection thofe lands for ever into the hands of the of the Fnquifition by the title of a new Jews ?— The prefent old Englifh gerterati- Chriftian :— That they really apprehend on, who have now poffeifion of the land- -this averfion to be fo violent, 'that when *\ ed eftates of England, are for once indeed it mall be known in that country, that to have the infidious advantage of being we have taken a meafure of this kind in bought out of them at an advanced price, favour of that race, we mall be looked —but nationally they and their pofterity upon as the moil impious nation upon for ever after are to be deprived of their earth, our merchants and hbufes there inherifances here, and the Jews are to re- will (land in great danger,— and our com- main for ever the land-holders of Great- snerce run the rifque of being greatly im- Britain, and for ever after to enjoy out paired, if not totally destroyed :— That titles to this kingdom.— In whatever de- at prefent our trade thither is of great E grce this bill is to operate by the fale of profit to this kingdom, we being now our lands to Jews, it operates more or treated as the moil favoured nation :— lefs to turn the tables upon the Chrifriana 'That France has been long afliduous at in favour of the Jews, — to put the Jew* that court, to obtain a treaty which might upon the ground of the Engltfh, and the put - her upon the fame footing with Englim upon the prefent footing of the Great- Britain in refpect to her commerce Tews.— And fuppofe this bill mould only there :— That hitherto indeed me has not have an extenfive operation of this fort, fiieceeded, but that there is great probabi- p (which it mud have) and not an universal lity, that from the bigotry of that court, operation, (which it may have in length Inflamed by that of the people of alfde- of time) yet great eflates in all the coun- grees, me may carry her point if this bjll ties of England will of necefllty fall, and mould pafs.— Sir, none of us are able to that very foon too, into Tewim hands *— judge how probable ftich a confequence Then let me aflc, whether it is poffibse may be. I thank God, we are ou Helves fo that great eftates mould not give great free from this bigotted difoo^tjon, that influence r Let mc follow it with another we cannot eafily raife our ideas to thofe queftion, whether great influence (in abfurdities, to which fuch notions carry G whatever hands) will not be called upon the people of thofe countries 5— yet cer- to exert itfclf by the ministers of this tainly for a meafure of little or no utility country in all future elections ? Let me at all, a rifque of this nature, apprehend- purfue It farther with a third, whether ed fo much, and pointed out to you by this influence fo acquired, fo called upon Jhe trading interest of this kingdom, who lo exert itfelf, will not £e exerted *— I to Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1753- Proceedings of the Politicai Club, tie. 405 fay, that undoubtedly it will ; for obnoxi- tonly and weakly create confufion, and ous as this Jewifti intereft will be, it from a contempt of thofe they govern mud lean upon the ' admin i A ration for raife an oppofition themfelves : — But fu^port.— Every feet m religion not fa- our minifters certainly are not aware Toured by the people, or thoroughly bow national, bow general this oppofitioa countenanced by the law : All new bo- may probably become, which, from the dies of foreigners, even to the third ge- times in which we ftand, and from the Deration, do it for the fame reafon :— £ tendency it may probably acquire, it if And if we fee this in the conduct of all neither wife nor honed to provoke, who fettle among us by denization or by The prefent adminiftration are font* naturalization :— If we fee it in the con* of them the fame men, others bred at dnet of the Difienters of all denominate lead in the fame fchool, moty if not all ons, and even of the Roman- Catholicks of them able to remember the fpirit that themfelves, the latter of whom moil rofeagainft their connexion, and overthrew commonly give their weight to the fame them, towards the end of the reign of fcale 5 and the former too generally, and queen Anne. — The origin of that was ft too openly, in feveral counties, and in B filly meafure which jarred the feme firing many boroughs, form themfelves into an with this.— It is true they recovered their avowed intereft for the minifterial pow- ground again by the accident of the crs in all times :— Can any man doubt queen's death, and the acceflion of the but that the Jewifh diflenters will become" prefent royal family to the throne.— Bpt in like manner the fervants of the fame let them take care now $ if they over- power in all corporations of the kingdom, throw themfelves by the fame wantonnefs, where they (hall procure any cftabli/h- the fame preemption, the fame inatten- anent ? And can tt be doubted but that q tion to or ignorance of the true temper their eftablifliments will be more potent of the people, they poflibly may fall never in our boroughs, than thofe of the diflcn- to rife again. ters of any other denomination, as their For my own part, dead as all fpirit 'riches arefo much more considerable, and appears to be throughout the whole na- their union fo much clofer and more dif- tion, I do verily believe, this bill will tinct, than that of any other fett of dif- rouze it, but in a way of all others, in fenters in the nature of things can be ? which I (hould lead wim to fee it rife. — I That the Jewifli landed influence in deteft tfjc race the nation was hurried to counties, and the Jewifli diflenting in- D run by that fpirit which I have juft now tereft in the boroughs muft and will act mentioned, and I rejoice that I know in this manner, and may even hereafter (and I have had opportunities to know drive out every other diflenting intereft it perhaps better than any man in thie of the kingdom, is not poflible to be houfe,) that a moderation, and a fair dif- denied $ from whence another argument pofition to the prefent royal family, does arifes, which I (hall offer to you With cxift (as much as they are traduced) in far great fincerity and great good- will to the the greater number of thofe who are de- peace and quiet of my country. £ fcended fron the warmeft aetors of thofe It has been thought, in the Situation of times. — Nothing but your folly and ex- the royal family at this time, by every travagance inthepurfuit of fuch meafures prudent and every honed man, that every as this, can bring them back into the paf- sneans (hould be purfued to maintain the fionate humour that appeared then.— Sir, prefent tranquillity of this country t Many I have certainly, as to my own particular, who think that they have publick as well no reafon to apprehend a large minority as private reafons enough to oppofe mi- — Tho* I expect it, I am fure that I do oifters and meafures, yet reftrain them- not define to fee one, which (ball become felves at this conjuncture, from thefe ho- F fo merely by the effect which this bill neftcpnflderations.— Tothiscircumftance may have upon the minds of men at the fome men owe their undifturbed enjoy- .next general election; for it will be a mi - ment of the great profits, and unc*> nority of a fort with which I (hall be as ampled power of the high ftations in tittle able perhaps to concur, as the which they ftand. How then ban we gentleman over the way to contend.— account for their infatuation, fo call il Indeed, I am amazed that this confidera- jno worfe, of urging a meafure like this tion makes no impreflion, — for fo fure againft what cannot but be known, with-Q I am that this bill will have an effect arat any immediate evidence of publick upon tbe people which you do not ex- alarm er refentment, to be utterly re- pect,— that when that day comes, which ' pognant to the genius and ientiments of is not far off, 1 (hall not fear u fet my the people of Great -Britain : Sir, it is foot upon any ground ef election in the fip new thing that mincers (honjd wan- &n$dom— fl who have fpoke my fenti- * • " ' ments Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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406 Proceedings of the Political Club, tSi. Sept. 'roents and voted againft the bill) in op- thing, which I hope will be long i poTition to any one man among you, or • bered, and well thought upon by all thofr any new Chriftian who has appeared or who hear me— That theft gentlemen who voted for it— And fe> do I verily believe, plume themlelves that upon their open any other gentleman may do, who this day and extenfive underftandings , are in tm€t in thia houfe (hall aft and vote with me. the men of the narroweft principles in Sir, k it eafy to be perceived, in aimed! the kingdom. — For what it a narrow every ftep that we have taken during this ^ mind ?— It is a mind that fees any pro* whole parliament, that we think ourfelvea pofition in one Angle contracled point of wifer than all our anccftors for 700 yearn view, unable to complicate any fabjec* before us— for our bufinefs has oonftantly with the rfrcumftancee and confiderations been to unravel all that in refpedt to law that are, or may, or ought to be combined and liberty, religion and commerce, they with it— And pray, what is that unden- liad eftablimed as the proper rule of go- (landing which looks upon naturalization ▼eminent for this nation— We ridicule only in this general view, that naturaliza- the narrow notions of our forefathers, tion is an encreafe of the people, and the and we applaud our own open and ex- B encreafe of the people is the riches of a tenfive underftandings— which is carried nation — Never admitting the lcaft re- to that ridiculous excefs— that if a man fle&ion, what the people are whom von talks of magna cbarta, or the Petition of let in upon us,— how in the prefect bail right, or of any of the fundamental con- regulation of our police they are to be ftttutions of the kingdom, he is fneered employed or maintained,— how their and laughed at — If he talks of caution principles, opinions, or practice, may in admitting and countenancing every influence the religion or politicks of the enthufiaftick fce>, he is a Jacobite or a q ftste, or what operation their admiflkm Tory— If he talks againft the hafty laying may have upon the peace and tranquil- «pe« of any branch of commerce, which Kty of the country :— is not fuch a genine from circumftances may ftand upon a equally contemptible and narrow with different footing from the reft— he h a that of the pooreft mortal upon earth, won man of little narrow principles, and trade grovels for his whole life within the ver&B is to be opened tho* the plague were to of the oppofite extream ? be brought with it, or the conditions for ' Sir, this leads me to the left argument that opening were to have flavery an- -which I (hall urge againft this bU) — and nexed— From the fame conceit, from the D it is not the lcaft important. This biM fame rage for novelty, and unlimited h a ftep to a general naturalization, which tHirmit of general principles,— when you was very daringly attempted, but happily talk of naturalization, no circumftaneee defeated, not above two years ago* — The of our flotation in regard to the royal fame fpirit now animates thofe, who family now upon the throne, or to the moved you then to attempt that hateful jealoufies of the people, are to be at all meafure — They dare not openly avow the confidered— No regard is had to the Aate fame defign, but they artfully endea- of the laws actually now in being in £ vour to bring it about again by thit Ireland or the Plantations, where any means,— knowing full well how ftrong wian may acquire tltis privilege for half this argument muft be hereafter, when a crown— to the facility with which all you have pafled this bill, What ! wiUjm who apply to the legislature for it may who bavt confuted to naturalize evm tbt obtain it here, — to the general indulgence Jem9 hoggU at allowing tU Jama privilege and prote&ion of all thofa who come to foreign protejlarts frof effing the cbrifiiam among us, tho* not naturalized, and ex- religion as yon doyourfebvet r But the nation, crcife any art or manufadure— nor any Sir, will fee thro this defign, and by reflection made how far thefe crrcuen- r fome means or other I am confident wifl fiance* already anfwer every reafonafain defeat it now, At they-did then, purpofe of this kind. But general natu- I conclude what I have been led to fay ralization without exception is the wordv upon naturalization in general, and up- —Naturalize ail, rich and poor, Jews, on this naturalization of the Jews in par- Turks, Infidels, and Heriticks, be they ticular, with this common proverb. That who they will, or what they will, or there is 110 rule without an exception, and where they will,— do itorithout any check that if ever there fhould be an exception or contoul - do it witliout a power of re- Q to any general principle,— it ought furely to medy, let the conferences twro out ever be in the cafe of the naturalization of that fo much counter to what you msy expect, people, the very eflence of whofe cha- Sir, it is not common feme, fc.ut /ipwn- racier and religion confifts in their abhor- right madnefs, to follow general principles rence of Chriftianity and rancor to the in this wild manner without limitation or whole fhriftfrn race* «ufcr.ve— 4nd give me leave to fay one ' * f Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1753- Proceidincs *f the Political Club, &c. 40? tjUff now ghoe you the only other Speech w* *fous proclamation of banns, or a licenc9 bad made in our Club, upon nobat we col- for difpenfing therewith j and originally kd the fecvnd reading of tie Marriage tt was provided, that the banns mould be Bill*, which was made h Afiranius Bur- proclaimed three different Sundays or rhus, and was /• this Efecl. holidays hi the church or churches where the parties refided, where likewife the Mr, Prefident, marriage ceremony was to be performed, SIM, £ nor was this ever difpenfed with by li- THE Hon. gentleman who fpoke laft cence bot upon good caufe mewn, and was very much in the right when upon proof that the parents or guardians he fuppofed, that in oppofmg this bill he had contented, if either of the parties had all the ftrongeft pafBons of mankind were under age. By this regulation ic to combat againft 5 and if he had flip- was effectually provided, that tvtty mar* pored, that he had likewife the reafon riage mould be pubhckly known and de* and common fenfe of mankind to com* Kbcratery entered into ; and no marriage bat againft, he would have been equally could be entered into againft the will of In the right; for finely k is not only the " the parents or guardians, becaufe they intereft but the duty of every parent to could forbid the banns, if the party was take care, that his child mall not contract under age, or if they could mew any a fcandalons or an infamous marriage, other good caufe why the marriage mould and if he cannot do this by his paternal not 'be folemnized. But this regulation authority, the laws ought to amft him has in a great meafore gone into difufe, as far as pofftble s- It is hkewife the in- or methods have been found to evade it 5 tereft of every Ibciety that aU marriages and therefore we muft either be of opinion, fhould be pubtickfy known 1 and it is the £ that our anceftors had no judgment of intereft of every individual, not to run what was proper for the good of fociety, headlong into a contract, which is the or we muft think, that it is how neeeflary moft important of any they cart ever enter to revive it, and to revive it in fuch a into, and which, without a high crime, manner as may render it eftecroal. can never be difielvctf, during the Hvea I believe no gentleman wiH venture to #f the two parties concerned, ne net arraign the judgment of his anceftors, be- even tho' Both mould agree to have it caufe through every age to this very day eHflbhred. For thefe reafons, in all well it has been approved of, and laws made regulated focieties it has been eftabfimed O from time to time for enforcing it. Even either bylaw or coftom, that the mar- folate, Sir, as in the 10th of queen Anne, riage contract mould be entered into in a law was made for enforcing it; as baa a more puMick and solemn manner, than already been obrerved by the learned gen- is neceJTary in any other contract 5 and tleman who made you this motion ; and in all chrifuan focieties it has been found as this law has been found to be Inef- neceftary to render it facred by adding to fedual, I cannot fuppofe that the ne- ar a religious ceremony, without which canity of a new law wiH be difputed. I tie marriage can now be absolutely bind- £ muft fuppofe, that the only difpute wilt Ing. But unlets this religious ceremony be about the propriety of what is propofed fee folemnkeed by the perfbns appointed, by this biB ; and the principal objection smd according to the forms prefcribed by feems to be againft that of declaring the the laws of each refpeftive fociety, it adds marriage void, if not celebrated according nothing to the fandity of the marriage to the forms prefcribed by the bill. This, contract, nor is the marriage vow to be it is faid, will derogate from that fuper- steemed a vow, any more the* an oath ftitious opinion which the vulgar have would be by law deemed an oath, if ad- of the fan&ty of the marriage ceremony { sntnlftered by one who had no power to * but I never before heard that the render- adminifter an oath, or in a form not ing it neeeflary to go about any religious warranted by the laws and cuftoms of this ceremony withfblemnity and deliberation, kingdom. would derogate from that awe artd re- Now, Sir, if gentlemen will but attend verence which the people have for it: to the tawi we have now in being, they On the contrary, we know It adds to it. ■raft fee, that all thefe things have al- Do nor we every day hear of complaints ready been by them in a great meafore made againft our manner of adminifter- taken care of. No marriage cao be goodQ ing oaths, on account of their being ad- unlets it has been folemmaed aecordmg mtaiftered with to little folemnity ? la to theft religious ceremony prefcribed oy not this affigned as one of the caufes why ehatfeftof religion to which the eentratl- perjury is become fo frequent amoogft leg parties belong, nor can any marriage us ? And I bejiere^ no man will jay ' be regularly entered into without-* $re- that the manner of performing the mar-, L—M ■ . riage • Sm Lend. Mag./sr fafl wmth, p. 3 j«. Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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40 8 Proceedings of tb$ Political dug, &t. Sept. riage ceremony in the rules of our prifonf, will be left liable to be -deceived bj a or at Keith* t chapel, can contribute to- mam marriage, after this law takes place, wards making the vulgar believe, that than they are by our law as it ftands at there it any fanetity in the marriage con- prefent. trad. Gentlemen may as well argue, But what furprifes me moft, Sir, is that that if a plowman mould take upon him fuch exceptions mould be taken to tbte to marry people in a neighbouring barn, bill, by thofe who cannot be ignorant of the law ought not to declare foch marri- £ the law in this country, with regard. to ages void, left it mould derogate from the the adarinUtration of oaths and the pa- opinion which the vulgar have of the nifhments inflicted on perjury. Does not sanctity of the marriage contract ; and every gentleman know, that by our law yet as to the moral obligation of die mar- it is highly criminal in any man to admi- riage vow, it is certainly in confeience as •, nifter an oath, if he is not duly autbori- binding when made before a plowman in zed to do fo, and that an oath fo admini- a barn, or between the two parties with- ftered is fo far from being deemed an oath, out the prefence of any witneft whatfo- that a falfe oath taken before a man who ever, as when made in a parim church, *> has no power to adminifter the fame, is before the parfon and in the .face of the neither perjury or falfe-fwearing, nor any congregation. , way punUhable as fuch ? Is it not as no- This vow, Sir, as to its moral obliga- * ceffary that no man mould be allowed to tion, we do not pretend to declare void j adminifter the marriage oath or vow, but "We are only by this bill to declare, that thofe that are lawfully authorized to do it (hall have no legal effects, unlefs made fo ? And is it not as confonant to reafoo in a legal manner j and this is what is that the marriage oath or vow, when ad* often done in many other cafes, by the miniftcrcd by one whoiias no authority to laws not only of this country but of eve- C do (b, mould have no legal effects, nor ry country m the world. We do not be deemed a marriage oath or vow, at therefore by this bill pretend to difpenfe that any other oath fo adminiffered mould with any oath or vow whatever ; on the not be deemed an oath, or attended with contrary, if a Ample ignorant woman any legal effects ? Has not the legislature "Ibould be drawn in to an irregular and as much power to prefcribe alter what .void marriage, and in confequence thereof method, and by whom, the marriage oath mould cohabit with her fuppofed humand, (hall be admimftered, as it has with re- me would have a good action againft him, j) fpect to any other oath ? And to prevent notwithftanding this bill, in cafe of his men and women from living together in a refufal to marry her in a regular manner, continued ftate of fornication, is it not and upon fuch an action the jury would .neceflary that every marriage mould he Certainly give her fignal damages, if me publickly known ? was a woman of good character and he Neither the power of the legislature as in affluent circumftances. We. are there- to the enacting part of this bill, nor the tore by this bill only to prevent any legal neceflity of its being palled into a law, effect of a fcandalous or infamous marri- can therefore, I ttynk, -Sir, be in the age, which a perfon may be deceitfully E Jeaff doubted $ and as to the bad confe- and ramly drawn into $ and after many quences apprehended from it, they are, trials it has been found by experience, in my opinion, altogether chimerical, that this cannot be done by any method There is not the kaft ground to ' but that of declaring all marriages void, that it will any way tend towards intro- as to any legal effect, that mall not be ducing an ariftocracy ; for it gives the 'entered into and folemnized according to rich no greater power than they had be- tbe rules prefcribed by this bill $ which fore, no not even over their own children rules are no other than fuch as were by J? after they come of age, and before that the original chriftian institution of mar- time neither man nor woman ought to be riage thought necenary, and regularly are bound by any contract they make t Nay, ftill required by the laws we have now in I believe it would contribute greatly to being 5 and that thefe rules may be known the health and ftrength of our people in by all women as well as men, particular the neat generation, if a law were made care is taken by the bill, that the law for preventing any man or woman's mar- mall be promulgated in a very extraordi- rying before the age of one and twenty, nary manner, by enacting, that it mallp even with the confent of parents or gear- be publickly read in all parim churches ** dians j for we have the bed authority tor and publick chapels on tome Sunday in believing, that early marriages have con- each of the four months before it begins tributed towards mortening the life of to take place, and four times a year for man 5 as from the facred fcripture* we two years afterwards ; fo that women mayjiarn, that before the flood men ware t near* Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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I1 1753, Proceedings of the Political Club, &fr. 409 dear, nay often above a hundred years of paflions, but merely from prudential con- age, before they married, and that after- fiderations, a ftate of marriage is more wards the life Of man was gradually neceflary for them than for people of fa or tened, in proportion as they were opulent fortunes ; and accordingly we fooner married. 1*0 prevent a young find, they more generally chufe it. gentleman or young lady's being ra/hly As to our feafiring and other itinerant Ind inconsiderately married before being forts of men, Sir, there are few or none of age,' can Be therefore of no prejudice £ of them but have a residence fome where fo fociety, or to the health and vigour of or other j for a feaman's refidence will the next generation j and as the .bill gives always (btf underftood to be in that parifh no power either to parents or guardians where he ufually refides when he is on to prevent their marrying whom they fhore, and a waggoner or bargeman's re- pleafe after the age of one and twenty, fidence muft be allowed to be at that or to force them to marry before that age, place to which his waggon or barje be- lt can no way add to the power of any longs ; and if they are to be marred by £ch man, or any fet of rich men in the _ lice nee, they can be under no difficulty, ingdom. " becaufe they may be married at the parifh Then, Sir, as to the lower clafr of peo- church were the bride has redded for a pie, 1 (hall grant, that they generally month preceding* From hence therefore chufe to be married in an iriegular rather no objection can be raifedagainft the bill| *ftan a regular manner, and many of them, and as little can any objection be drawn : believe, would chufe to cohabit toge- from the confequence of an irregular and ther, if it were not fcandalous, without Void marriage with refpect to the children, any marriage at all ; but is this a reafoa We may as well fay, that the incapacities why either mould be permitted bjr law ? Q which baftards ace by law laid under, are For if their living together aS man and punimments upon the moft innocent, at wife, without any marriage at all, were" to fay, that the declaring of an irregular bnce permitted by law, it would grow fo marriage void is a puni foment upon the bomraon Chat it would foon ceafe to be moft innocent. Theft incapacities were (candalous, and fo at lift it would become introduced not as punimments upon the genera^ if. not univerfal, which, I am children, but as incentives to marriage, perfuaded, would neither contribute to and for the fame purpofe they may and the good of fociety, nor- to the propaga- ** ought to be extended to children born af- tion of the fpecies, the two great ends ter a clandestine and irregular marriage. we mould have in view when we are Baftardy, I mail grant, is a misfortune making any laws relating to marriage* upon a child born out of lawful wedlock j We are not therefore now to confider but it can no more be called a punifli- what the vulgar would chute, but what tnent than that of a child's being bora will moft contribute to ihefe two great without a leg or an arm j and will any one ends j and from what happens in all the tay> that m order to prevent this misfor- country places in tjie kingdom we roajr tune we ought to remove all the incapaci- conclude, that our rendering it neceflary E ties of baftardifm, or that we ought to for every one to be married in a regular declare every marriage good and lawful, manner, would no way prevent or lefien tho' never fo irregularly or perhaps whim- the number of marriages amongft the fically folemnized ? vulgar. In thofe places they have no With regard to the law as it ftanda at Fleet parfon nor Keith's chapel to repair prefent, J am really, Sir, furprifed, that to j and yet we find that marriages are more innocent girls are not drawn in by as frequent there, in proportion to the (ham marriages than we find there are, numbers of people, as they are in this ,, becaufe it is now fo very difficult to de- great city. This mews that we may for ■* termine what is, or is not a good marri- this truft to thofe paflions, which the Hon. age, and ftill more difficult to convict a gentleman was pieafed to obferve, had been man of polygamy, who has been married implanted into mankind by our Creator j in a dandeftine manner. But if this bill and that if we leave a poor labouring mould be pafled into a law, it will be fo man or woman no other way for fatisfy- eafy to know all the reouifites for render- ing thofe paflions but by a regular mar- ing a marriage lawful and binding, that riage, even the moft conflderate of them no woman can be deceived, if (he is not Will fubmit to it, let the conferences be Q willing to be fo, and for fuch women the what they will : Indeed, if we conflder law ought not to provide any relief, be- that poor people have no fervants, and caufe they deferve none. Therefore, often few or no friends, to take care of ihould this bill be pafled into a law, there them in caie of ficknefs, we muft con- will not be the leaft danger of a young dude, tlnit without any regard to theft take's marrying feveral times before he September, 1753. F f f Digitized by UOOQ iC

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4iO Extraft from Dr. Addington, of the Sca-Scorvy. Sept comes of age, or even fo much as once, without the confent of his parents or guardians ; becaufe no woman can then be ignorant of the marriage's being ab- folutely null and void j and mould he meet with a woman fo ignorant, or one who pretended to be fo, it would be very difficult for him to find a parfon to mar- a ry them, or a church to be married in. I hope, I have now fliewn, Sir, that there is no folid foundation for any of the objections made againft this bill ; and as the Hon* gentleman himfelf confeiTed, that our love for our children, our com- panion for betrayed innocence, and our regard for the honour of our families, to grow foul and degenerate into a ftatt of putrefcence. Another caufe that promotes putre- fatten in the bodies of feamen is the bad* ncf» of their provifions. Common water makes part of their provifions. Their provifions are bad when they are rancid, or putrid, or worm-eaten, which they often are, either from clofe air, or mottt warm air, or time, or negligence, or un- avoidable accidents. Putrid food and water promote putrefaction, becaufe when received into our bodies, even in fmall quantity, they have a power (which differs under different circumftances) of diflblving their texture, and of changing: all plead ftrongly for our paflSng it into B their constituent parts into a fetid faniee a law, I make no doubt of obtaining even his concurrence for our fending it to a committee) efpecially, as that refpeft, which we ought to have for the other houfe, feems to require our giving it a little farther confideration. like their own } as a (park of fire, faUirtg on combvftibtes, kindles them into (Same. What has been laid of putrid diet is true in a lefs degree of Chat which is mouldy, or eaten by worms and weevils j for every tendency to rancidity is a propor- ITbi* Journal to be continued in our next.} ^ tjpnable tendency toputttfaflioji, and C" the production of infects is m an actual ef- fect of it. When putrefaction is to far advanced in any body, as to favour, or contribute to the production of inJecb, a certain rinvifibie principle (vary file*, perhaps, if not the lame with that tyhro- ftrian pojfonous fplrit, which is secretly detached, and unseen fie* from ttcetabtct A-fiH ft d !? *• *a**f*!^^)i±?lr *"" tSpds all /^SrticHii made in the Political Cx.ua, are not inferred in their Journal book, any gentleman may fend £ copf or oxtratl of what be laid nfon any important debate, to the pnUifher of tm Ma casini, and it JbaU be tnferted by ttfelf, or in its proper plate* Memaindir of the Extract from Dr. An- dinoton'j Essat 011 the S E A- SCURVY. (Seep. 351.) ANOTHER reafoo why the Mood is fo apt to putrefy at fea is, becaufe the air there is not enriched with a time let loofe in or diftngaged from that bodyt which principle has the power of fofecnng or haftening eornrption in other The fifth and lair caufe, and indeed a very material one, that gives the hu- mours fuch a putrid difpofition, as im- mediately produces the lea fcurvy, is the Hock of vegetable effluvia from the earth. B white and hay fait ufed to preserve flefli Every foecies of beings enjoys the heft ftate of health in its proper element. Aquaticks droop by land, as land animals do by (en. A third caufe that difpofes the fluids to corruption, may be plenitude, to which failow are very fubjeel, on account of thttr voracity, coftiveneis, and diminimed refpiration. Their refpiration is dimi- nished at fea becaufe they feed on grotler food and ufe lefs exercife *, and breathe a motfter air there, than they do by land. The extraordinary moifture of the fea air leflehs perfpiration by' relaxing the fibres of the (kin. The more the flun is relaxed, the lefs matter in a given ^time for the service of the navy. It it true* thefe salts in a dry place, either hot or cold, refift the corruption of stem, and of other corruptible bodies: Bat In a moift and warm place, like a living hu- man body, they are juft the reverie. That both rock and fea fait in a moift and warm place, like a living human body, haften the corruption of our humours, and alto the corruption of the folid parts of our bodies, even of one bones, I am fatisfied by a multitude of experiments* The principle, by which they haften it, is in many refpe&s analogous to that pel* fon already taken notice of in potrai animals and in putrid or fermenting vege- wiH be difcharged by it. And it is the G tables. Let it not be inferred from henee, nature of ail anim: 1 fluids by confinement that the common ufe of thefo (alts ought • toftmaf ofexercife and great dampnefs in the air are no uncommon castfet of the % even among land men. To on* or other of theft canfes toe may afcri&t the A- (ompUinH of many /Indents, ne and ptrfbns Irving f» confined mark W mar the fea. Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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. 1 753. ExteL&from Dr. Addington, of the Sea-Scurvy. 411 to be forbid ; (race a moderate degree many days before they will pafs it, and e fatety advifed. In the firft place, or rottennefs in his bones, it may be of if he has any marks of fulneft, from fervice to apply fea- water externally too, whatever caufe, let blood, to prevent B with a fmaH quantity of fpirit of (alt add- ^anternal haemorrhages and other acci- ed to it. dents. To leflen the quantity of redun- The lad, but not the lead advantage of slant blood dill more, 1 would farther fea- water in the fcurvy is to be gained by advife a gentle daily purgation with fea- ufing it as a cold bath. Frequent iramer- water ; which is now very judly edeem- fion in the fea correds or wafties away ed as a cleanfer of the intedines, and in- thofe innumerable putrid particles on the efeed of the whole glandular fydem. It furface of the body, which being abfor- ataight be well for Jailors, if, when they p bed into the blood, would aggravate its are free from the fcurvy, but have fome corruption. oeber complaint that indicates gentle The mod proper diet for feamen, much ^purging, or are in perfect health, they afflicted with the fcurvy, is the vegetable w*ould now and then in the morning part of their provifions, fuch as bifcuit, eaurly, perhaps ' twice a week, have re- flour, oatmeal, peafe, rice, all which, if courfe to a draught or two of fea- water ; they are good of their kind, conceal aa tyf the timely help of which mod of the acid that oppofes putrefaction. FleJh and bsxfifjT evils to which they are liable, e- fifh of every fort, whether they have or ^aerially their codiveneft and its confe- G have not been falted, will, in human bo- ^ucncei, maybe either cured or prevented. dies infected with fcurvy, by an eafy and non (alt and brackim' fprings are ei- natural traniitioh, in a few hours dege- the caufe of, or are hurtful in the nerate into a date of corruption. y, becaufe, being flow purgatives, Of all Ample liquors the bed in the are apt to be confined in the body fcurvy is frefli water, as it promotes di- F f f a geflion, * Tbu carnSor, tbt &&6r telh us afterwards, is tbt ffirit tffeafak* Digitized by VjOOQ iC

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4ia Latiw Jiftardedt a 3ATIR E. Sept geftion, and dilutes and foftens the blood This laft it done by efeoigr tfcc porat, more than any other fimple auid what- *nd by mean* of a ventilator, which eW? ever, Let every man then have fix pints ry (hip^ cfpeciaJly traofport, Palatine, a day. Four pints in five of fwoet wa- and Guiney 0ave fW ought to be pro- tcr may be diftilled without much trouble *ided with, no lefs than with a rudder, or expence from fea* water after it has pa- 0r with, ma£s and fail*, trefied, and one in three before it has pu- • trcfied. But pure water will receive great * <ftt MONITOR. No. tc. improvement, *s an antifcorbutick, from T *7 the addition of fome acid, either vegeta- From the Londox Daily Adv a* Taxa- ble or foflil. As the vegetable tripe U . . hardly ever to be got at fea in any abun- j9*d rimadnft V t***" *» welcome the vnear. dance, we moft generally be obliged to I T w*s fuppofed at one time neceflaig ufe theie one of the fofljl kind ; of which I to a gentleman's education, that be the fpirit of fea- (alt i% to be recommend- mould understand Latin : But among ed far before the reft, becaufe it is Ids many other abfiird and* ridiculous cuiloms ftyptic, lefs corrofivc, more volatile, more B of our anceftors, this is now grown into fubtile, mote penetrating. If water be ma- difufe. 1 he world continually improves; derately impregnated with this acid, only and it is fit that one after another, the in the proportion of A^t drops to a wine idle opinions eftablifned in times of Ids quart, and each patient has a full allow- (lifcernment in'oujd be fet afidc. •nee every day, it may be found to ex- The character of a gentleman is to be ceed the virtues of the Roman Pofca, and 'die, and extravagant, and weak, and to equal thofe of whey, butter-milk, and wicked ; and all this may be done with- the other celebrated drinks agamft the q out any language befide our own. The fcurvy. Add to this, that the fame pro- common method of conveying this ofckfr portion of fpirit of fait (which is about language into a boy's head, tended only an ounce and half of .fpirit of fait to a tw break his fpirit ; and we find univec- tun of water) will aclually preferve wa- fally at this time, that thofe young pea* ter * in wooden calks from (linking or pie who have the moft learning are the Corrupting in the hotteft climates, for awkardeft fellows in nature 5 and that many months together, even a year and among your men of the beft breeding, it longer, as I have been convinced by re- is not one in fifty who can fpell. peated experiments. Nay farther, when 0 Cuftoms ought to vary when thofe things it is thus preferved, it may be found an change which gave them origin : At one excellent and an adequate fuccedaneuai time Latin was the univcrfal language $ it for that moftfubtle aerial acid, which in- was then neceflary thfat every man AouU fanfibly and unavoidably, and without in- know (bmetbing of it, since he might by tcrmiffion, is infufed into the blood in vajl * fliipwrtck, ox fome other chance, be plenty by land, but which cannot in fuch thrown upon the fliore of a fore gn coun- plcnty be infufed into it by fea. try. In this cafe Latin was as ncceflary While this regimen is puifued, it will £ to be provided as the jubilee beau's fwun- be proper that the patient, if he be able, minfc girdle : But that great occanon is ihould bo employed almoft every day in at an end, for the French have ufarped fome bodily labour or diversion. It will this privilege. A Comment vousportex. «ws, ever be neceflary to keep him clean, and or a Jefuit voire ferviteur tro bumble, mxf plfo his jhip and her crew. The patient be picked up in every ftreet, and it is the and crew are kept clean by frequent id left thing in the world to be at the combing, (having, waihiog, bathing, un- plague of any other language. dtr certain circumftances, change of li- p In common life Latin is therefore mo nen, airing of hammocks, and proper ** longer neceflary ; nor have the tmprove- drefflng of wouqds, ulcers, and carious menu of the late ages left it any great bones. The (hip is kept clean by a quick place in the fciences j or will it long re- removal of dead men and tainted provift- tain that little ground it has. It U$ru*» ens, * by frequent pumping, fcraping, this language was once neceflary in law, iweeping, fcowering, warning with fea- but kx -murdtravit Larinum a great wbi»* water, fprinkling with vinegar or fpirits ago : And even while it retained its plan* of wine, and admiflion of frefli air. in the courts, Jaw Latin was like tar Fraofefcy • Tbe JUv. Dr. Stepen Hales bat difcavered, that three drops of oil ofJ*Jpb*r «*?.£■** /■roe a wine quart of water. Mr. Boyle Godfrey obferves, that three drope if trne Jfomt of vitriol, or me dnf of oil of vitriol, wff do the fame* I have beam informed (fami Sr. dome- 4iogton) by a fenfibk diftilkr9 that reGified proof fpirit t in the proportion of om pert jpiri$*p Jentew of eeeur* %*U keep water from tomtptmg in say donate far jcuoraljeart. Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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fcencht * language bf jtfctf } and had ncceflary or even advifabic to drive it en. vecy little conne&ign, witfc w$*t, TO* etfe tinely not of the kingdom. Ifhas been caried by that name, long mice obferved, that an anivsrfuy ; Thedoftors (fruggle bard to keep upon education was very well tor a footman, fome terms with it j and they have sea- that U waa too pedanjick for a man of ion j for what is medicine without my- ftfeaon. Perhaps it may be proper to jfiery ? ignorance* however, la to retolute keep ap tome remains of latin and to oMUnate, that (be is difpeting incb A the man of this rank, that they may write £y inch this ground with her arch-enemy; their matters cards with decency, and if it be poffibie to get oyer tfiofe col- Nor are thefe all the perfons to whom lege examinations in tin* antiquitated Latin will be iifefel $ there are thefe three fongue, the next Aep will be to pcefcribe other defies of people to. whom it may *n Engliih. It is hard there Should be fo be of eminent advantage. Thefe are the much oppofition to this froail remainder of trades-people, the aJehoufe men, and po#- the language ; for it has been a long time tore- matters : Nor is this theory or chime- allowed that fixty-fix words were fujfici- R ra ; hot it is warranted by fofficient expe- ent for all the purpofes of prescription : ** rience. A Latin fentence has as ftrong Kay, we find' apothecaries woo make a a tendency to call people out of the ftreet, very good figure in their ptosis, aye, aad as to 4raw up their eyes to a pulpit. talk £ke apochecaries out of tnem, who In a ftreet going to the city I have ob- €o not know the odd fix. ferved oyer the door- way of a certain The clergy will perhaps £e the laft to mop, ViaTus sua lavd*t. The ba- gjve up this part of erudition, for a fesi- bitation has gone thro* feveral changes ten co of Latin in a fcrmon it always in my memory: I think I can in the found to edify more than ten pages of doll Q compafs of a few years remember it>a Sngliib : Befide. it may concern them alto hatter's, a ftationers*, a honor's, and a in their temporal affiurs* The ftory is muff- (hop: But under all thefe revolu- jfamous of a difpute between a certain tions, the infeription has held its place j p*rion and his parUhiooers, whether be and beyond a doubt has called in as many or they were to pave the chancel i The to buy peper as hats, or (lockings as to* matter was about to have been left to the .banco, very near the Royal Exchange jiecifion of law § when at length the good an optician has written over his door « not feem may be ufetuL 4 **' Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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4*4 FtfisomUe Employments if Rand Life. Sept «*» «.,«*»*«* %*• toooW be thus thrown away, and And tbe mower when bit Jytbe) as much dhVegarded as the depth of win- arenegleaedanddefpifed. » '%!/?"* *ler,y V***0*^ **« » 5 Y iome degree immoral. ** How, thoocht I have received a letter upon this fun- I to mytelf, can talents designed for the jed, which, for its candour and good stobleft purpofet be thus perverttd to the ■genie, Khali lay before my readers. meaneft ? Is it the fole province of wfc rr me r ~ a i\u &* toaAc> *** a/ou think in general 0/ fummer amofe- land. ^ tncnts, and tbe faraionabfe employments Be Co good, Mr. Fitz-Adam, as to e- ♦f rural We. To fupply in feme meafure fpoufe the caufe of injured nature, and this defea, give me leave to acquaint ycti remonftrate loudly agamft this enonnoos with the principal occurrences that en- barbarity of killing the fummer. Let gaged my attention very lately, in a ten * cards prevail in the winter, and in cities days retirement in the country. only t Too much of them do we fee in As the fi iend I vifited was a man who this great town to defire them elfewhere. bad (eeo much of the world j as his wife Let drinking be confined to election dm- and daughters we.re adorned with aU the ners, and corporation fteafts, and not con- ascomphftiments of genteel life 5 and as tinoe (as k too much does) imperceptibly they were no lefs admired for their under- to make havock of our private families tendings than their perfons 5 my expec- Affure the ladies, the young ones I mean! cation was raifed and flattered with the Gthat bowever their mothers may inftrudk pteafing, yet reafonabk thought, of paf- them by example, or whatever they them- Sing my time with no lefs improvement Selves may think, anxiety and difappoint- than delight, in a fituation where art and ment, hope and fear, are no improvers of nature con/pired to indulge my utmoft ' their beauty : That Venus never kept her wilhes. But how gricvoufly diftppointed court at 4 rout j and that the aunwt of . Cupid Digitized by VjOOQ IC I

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1750. A QjrE8*ion filvid, and another fropofed, 415 Cueid ire not winged with card*. Let and gardens (I mean, if their mamma'* shim take but one wa*, and the mil*- or humands (hould happen to be fo en- maid that civet them a fyUabufr at the end thufiaftically rigid as to forbid gaming of it will convince them that air and e*- upon that day) let it be lawful for them creife are the true prtfcrvativeB of health, to lie abed and ftudy Mr. Hoyle. and beauty, and wffl add more lively •' « » ._ Doom and freJher rofcs to their cheeks, SIR, «c. than aH the rmg* of French art, or all the 4 Rvsticos. tbeyinay efteem themfdves fober when %J^12&*1QJ%£!£T*' they are not dead drunk, and poffibly may *!$** trT J t* IV'L never be in a ftate of mtoxlcation, yet pUT *=BC=DB (fee the propofer • drinking to anv degree of excefr wiB cer- X fig™0 c . *. tetoly hurt, if not totally ruin their con- jr» AEse DC, and let^rs 11, 58 pet ftinmens, and be the Aire, tho% perhaps, R Ounter. ^ flow occafion of rheumatifms, gouts,1* Then v—.««PEf and PDs=«2L—? dropnes and death itfctf. Many in- * (fences of this will occur In the fjjhere -= AB. ef every one*a acquaintance; and if Forai BDt BC::PE:PD. How, Ibme of the deceafed have lived 50 or » a »t a »r 1 n w t to years, it is hardly to be doubted, E QJJ A T I O n I. _ that had this barbaeous cuftom never pre- w « 1 ^ ^^ f**»— ay*««-fre»aff vailed, their lives might have been ex- ^ -r-v- 4* tended to at lead 70 of 80. C --_ «*-r-**g%— *r*3 In (hort, while thefe pra&ices conti- **7~ *yM—yi nue, by which every rural delight is en- * ^ tirely toft, country (eats may be efteem- E QJU A T 1 0 N II* •dan idle expence, and an ufelefs bur- ,.MjrxsBi# den. London is certainly the fitteft place /x ac * v — 4 a for either the bottle or cards ; it is there that the gentlemen may purfue the one, E QJJ AT|ON IB* and the ladies the other, without being ** * **4»t*4* — *»«*„. interrupted by fuch troublelbme guefts as u if*— v* ~~M a * my&lf, who may be now and then ddi- ^-1-y*/*— lis— «,?-. 9 4 Xm3.L«***' rents of picking a nofegay, or of liftening JVIl. t - ,14.-4 _ a/3 * =3 o. Tm* to the nightingale. For in vain does ju- elation ■fceing1 reduced by the univcHal tore lavUh her charms, if they are thus gnathed of converging feries, wiltdHcovef nogleaed j m vain do the birds flng if no aI 6 ? ^ •nd confequcntly one hears them, and in vain do the flow- -/Ksm x^ J^ ^ * era Mow, if Whence all the fides, and areas, wiU thy hhw uujun> ** eafily be found, and the angles alfo. And wjk their fwtttmefs on tbt it/art *ir, (Fid* Hawney's Common Meafurer, and his Trigonometry.) But if thefe polite perfons will conti- nue to refide in the fommer at their coon- A QjasTioN in Navicatiok. try feats, merely becaufe it is the faihion, By A. Liquicr. h would be no unfriendly office to fpare A SHIP (ailed from latitude north, ha them the mortification of continually f\ a direa courft, between north and gazing upon unwelcome obje&s. In or- p eaft 50 miles, and met a (hip, that had der therefore to fix their attention to the alfo failed from the fame degree of lat. moil important concerns, I would hum- north on a dire& courfe between north My propofe (and I doubt not but the pro- and weft 27 miles ; he failed on, and pofiU will meet with their approbation) met another (hip coming alfo from the- that immediately after dinner the win- feme degree of lat. north full betwixt slows be cfofed, and the light of the ran north and weft 5 and tbeplaee of departure exchanged for that of wax candles $ bv of this latter waa t8 miles diftant from which meant the gentlemen over their that of the fecond. Now I demand. in one room, may uninterruptedly G 1. The diftance run by the third, (hip* tosmcoe on hounds and horfes, while a. The diftance from the place of depar- thst lames in another may be (hut up tilt tore of the firft mip to that of the fecond* anfctofsftt with cards and counters. And And, 3. The diftance (ailed by the firft the Utter may be fpared the difquiet (hip, to the third, after he had met the recourse on a Sunday to fields ffccOnd* J*.

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4i 6 Question folved. If 6 H fc StfcrmZ. *' &jfc JUr. Todd1 j Quefti6n /« London Maga- zine fir Auguft, 1 7 $3, p. 368, **- fwtrea. THE whole ftock was « . ^ ^' IOO, www Vp.^cf. Remainder at 4 year* « r 1 end ck was S ^.roo.ooof 80,000 3 Stock advanced muft be 20,000 £♦ But per queflion lie advanced £ • 639,63115 per montlr. 12 7$75>575 eight chamber lain*, 72 common-council men, a tows* clerk, fword- bearer, and oommoa-l«rja. 5 ant. It fends two members iei puis ment, who at. prefer* mt9 George fesj and William Thornton, Bfqrs. The kseH mayor and aldermen have coftiervaftiontf the rivers Oufc, H«n?faer, Wberfe, is** went, Air and Pun, within n 1 nin liasJld of each* . x>rk has p&en given title of *J don exercifed the f Eowaid Paox. A DascixpTtoK, and btmttifid VxXw, oftbeGty of YORK. YORK, thcEhoracum pf the Roman t, was of ibch account in their time, that no lefs than three military ways eifled thro* it : And it was not only a oman colony, but fome bf the principal generals redded here, and the emperors Severn* and Conftantius Chlorus, lather of .Conflantine the Great, kept their courts, and are faid to have died here. And here alfb have been found many Ro- man altars, inferiptions, urn, coins, Sec. York,' in regard to its dignity, is ge- nerally efteemed the fecond city in Eng- land, as Briftol is on account of its trade and commerce. It is fituateon a plain on both fides the river Oufe, over* which it has a fta'ely ftone bridge, confiftinjr/ of five arches : The diameter of the mid- dle arch, which was the lafgeft in the kingdom before that at Blenheim houft was built, is 81 feet, and its height 5*. It was owing to an accident that it was fcnilt (b wide 5 for upon a fudden thaw, which occationed a great flood, a prodigi- ous weight of ice broke down two arches firft day of the 4 of every new parliament* The arcJWbirfipp of York 1 tended for the primacy with tsW~**sV . bifhop of Oaaterbniy, till the cqnsx esu fy was determined by pope AJexssnskr M favour of the latter. Here are foxsr sjfea* tiful markets weekly, viz. on TueBatv E Thurfday, Friday and Saturday. "1'fc 150 eomftfted, and 102 meafbred lAs diftant from London. t . This city was formerly very psspe|sit% and had a great trade, which is ttoftain* ty much decreed. JEn Henry Vtfc*a||frs there .were 41 parishes, 17 rhipsi, |f bofpiuls, and 9 abbeys, b P thcdcal, $ .but now there are ' r churches^iu wfe. TheprefentJ the city is eWefly owing tp who make it their winter A there Is great plenty of jmtov kinds to fuxniih an elegant fmall e^tpence. The ixihaUtaa| Ute Vcetfv panch given mux it there beiqg .pbys, a0e»Vli«lb G meetings, and fome estf other, every night in die 1 The city of York ftai ground, perhaps, than «*J in I except London and tfojneicJi | J the buildings are not fo cloft as I fcnt^ikwfnta idb/Vj

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1753- Massacre of tbi JEWS at YORK 417 fer Durham, nor \% it (o populous as ei« th« guards, they were beat, abofed, and ther Briflol or Norwich :. But as York is fome of them killed. full of gentry and perfons of dilHn£Hon, The people hereupon, being poflefled fa they have houfes proportioned to their with a notion, that the king had given quality, which makes the city lie fo fat orders, that the Jews fhould be deftroyed, extended on both fides of the river. began a maflacre of tbem m London, and Upon the whole, it is a fair, large and plundered and burnt their houfes, and in beautiful city, adorned with many fplen- Athens many of their wives and children, did buildings, both publick and private. And tho* the king immediately ordered The famous bridge over the Oufe we d proclamation to -ftop thefe proceedings 5 nave already taken notice of, and (ball yet the example at London was.iollowed tore add, that the great council- chamber ait Norwich, Lynn, and Stamfoid, and ipr the city, near which the records are with (till greater fur^ at York, notwith- Jtept> as al(b the exchequer and courts &tndmg the king, at his departure to the Of the iheriffs, and, beneath them, the Holy Land, left orders for the protec- two city prifons for debtors and felons, •» tion of the Jews, and the pun i foment of are all upon this bridge. *» fuch as mould mokft them j for, being The cattle, which (lands at the conflu- inflamed by a wicked prieft, certain eace of the Oufe, and the Fofle, was bloody wretches, who had refolved upon boiJt by -William the Conqueror, anno the deitruelion of the Jews, and to ell* 1069. The face it now wears, and the ritih rhenrfelve* with their pillage, jet fire ■hfc made of it, are very different frorti to a part of the city of York ; and while) that which was the primitive Hate of this the citizens were bufy in extingui thing fbctrefs. However, the mentioning of it the -flames, broke into the hoefe of a has led us to give an account of that tra- C principal Jew, who had beeiv muidcred gical fcene of bloodmed perpetrated on at London, and whole wile had ftrength- tfce Jews, within its walls, on March 11, ened it for her defence j and murdering x 1 89 j whkh we the rather do at this time the whole family, and all who had taken Co c*ution people a gain ft any approaches refuge there, burnt the boufe to Use towards fuch barbarity. For tho* we ground. cannot approve of even the moil diftant The Jews hereupon, in the utmoit tet- farofpect of admitting them to any mare ror, got leave to convey aH their wealth in our government, or any influence in t\ who the caftle, and obtained (helter them the affairs either of church or ftate, yet for their own perfons, and for their wive* to treat them with any degree of inhu- and children* except fome few who wens inanity is certainly very criminal j but Sacrificed to . the rage of the populace j there is not that danger of any fuch pro- who burnt all the houfes of the Jews ccedings now, as there was in the dark throughout the city, times of Popery, when the mild and be- It unluckily happened, that toe gover- nevoler.t fpiric of Chriftianity was not at « nor of the caftle having buflnefs in the all underiftood. The narrative h as follows. * town, the poor Jews, being afraid ha The Jews, from their firft introduction went out to agree upon delivering them into England, growing immenfely rich by np to their enemies, refufed him admit- traYRck, never failed to become the ob- tance into it 3 which incenfing Him, ha je£t* of envy and hatred; both to prince applied to the high flieriff, who, raiting and people, and the flighted pretences the fojft cemitstus, befiej|ed the caille, and were always eagerly laid hold on to plun- reduced the Jews to (o great extremity, der them j fo that, on every new acceffi- that, being refufed mercy, tho* they offer- on or turn of affairs, they were forced to F cd to bay it at the expence of immeme compound for their fafety, by large pre- (urns, they took the dreadful advice of fents to the prince. one of their rabbies, come lately among At the acceffion of Richard I* though them from abroad 5 and firit haviag burnt that prince gave tbem no difturbance, yet all their rich goods, and fo damnified he iflued out an order, that no Jew mould eVen their plate, that their barbarous ene- be prefent at the ceremony of his corona- mies could not be much the better for tion, either at church, or at dinner. their ({potto, they fet fire to all the tow- However, the chief of the Jews, from p ers of the caftle, arid fell each man to all parts, being fummoned to London by cutting of the throats of his own family, their brethren there, in order to agree tifl they had deftroyed all who came into upon -a rieh gift to the new king to ob- this dreadful (theme of theit rabbi's, who, tain hie favour and protection, many of in the laft place, followed the advice he notwithstanding the injunaiort, hdd £tven. , Use curiofity to fee the ceremony j J* the mean time, the Are of the caf* jaasd feeing difcovered among the cspud by tie increafing, a number a( unhappy September, 1753. 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4x8 Piblick Buildings m Y O R K dtfcribtd. Sept, Tew*, who would not come into this infirmary apert from the common prifon, Moody aAion, (in vain endeavouring to to which tbt fick are conveyed, and * •xtuignim it) from the walls befought the fiirgcon haft an appointed falary to attend lixjf of thtbcficgers, acquainting them them. The caftlc- yard it larger than the whh what had happened ; and threw areas of the Fleet or KingVBench in tfrer the dead bodies of their brethren, London \ and the fltoation is fo high, in confirmation of the truth of what they pteatant, and airy, that it it furpriting Aid x and, ofiferiug to become Chriflians, ^ any prisoners mould remove themferret had nopcs given them of their lives ; bat by baha$>cwf*s to either of thofe prifont, no fooner did their mercilefs enemies gain unlefs it be with a view of purcbafing tbt admittance, than they butchered every liberty of the rales, becaofe here they art one of the Jews, calling aloud for bap- never permitted to go without the walls, tifm, in hopes of efcaping their worft The afiembly room, for the entertain* than Paganim cruelty. < ment of the nobility and gentry, who re* Not fatisfied with this, the barbarous fide at York during the races, was de- robbers, as well as murderers, ran next figned by the earl of Burlington. That to the cathedral, where were depofited B ptrt which is the Egyptian hall, taken the bonds and other fecorities of the mo- from a draught of PaUadio, is in length ney owing to the Jews by the Chriflians, 123 feet, 40 broad, and rather more in broke open the cherts, and deftroyed them height: If we except the banquetting all. houfe at Whitehall, it may undoubtedly There were 500 men who took (belter claim the preference of any room in the in the cattle, befides women and children. kingdom, if not in Europe. This halt So that the whole number of Jews thus communicates with the common baH- miferabry Slaughtered, rouft be between Q room, in length 66 feet, in height and 1000 and 1500, befides thofe who were breadth 22 feet, befides other rooms for maflacted in the city. cards and tea, all richly decorated and We muft do this juftice to the king, illuminated. The front to the ftreet it Who was then in the Holy- Land, that, an exceeding fine piece of archkedore. as foon as he heard of this unparalleled In 1728, a very elegant mention- booth proceeding, he was highly incenfed, and was ereded for the lord- mayor. Here it lent orders to the bifttop of Ely, his chan- a large room, the length of the front 49 cellor and regent, to go down in pcrfon _ feet by 29, So that this city has had the to York, and execute Ari& juftke, with- *) honour to begin -a precedent to the ckr out favour or afse&ion, on aH offenders. of London to copy after. The bUhop came to the city, but the In Auguft, 173S, a fubfcriptio* wet chief author of the riot had fted to Scot* set on toot for an infirmary in this eity^ lane). However, the citizens were laid like thofe of London, Winchester, Ac. under a large fine, and the (heritT and and this excellent charity has met with governor of the caftle were removed from much encouragement and fupport. their places, and committed to prifon ; Among the antiquities of York, wt and the foldiers concerned in the fray £ had almoft forgot the arch at Micklegate* were punimed, and turned out of fervicej bar, and the multangular tower and wall, hut not one man, either then or after- near a place called the Mint-yard, both wards, was executed for the unheard-of built in the time of the Romans. But villainy. whether the two ftatues now proftrate To return to the prefent ftate of the on the waH of St. Laurence church-yard, caftle. It is now made ufe of for a pri- be Roman or Saxon, is hard to deter* Ion, but a prifon the moft (lately and mine 1 Certain it is, that the fepukhral compleat of any in the kingdom, if not «. monument of the ftandard-bearer to the in Europe. The prefent edifice was r ninth legion of the Roman army, was erecled in 1701. In the left wing is a dug up near Micklegate. tiandfome chapel, neatly adorned with The Guildhall is a building very well fuitable furniture, and an allowance of deferving notice, as Ukewife are fevers! 40I. a year is fettled on a minifter, for other publick edifices, equally ufcfal and •performing divine fervtce, and preaching ornamental to this antieni city. -to the prifoners weekly 5 and such of the But what exceeds all others in it, st debtors as attend at fermons, are allow- the cathedral church, commonly caDed td each a large loaf of fine bread. The G the Minfter, which, for magnificence of jufiices of the peace take great care, that ftru&ure, challenges the pre-eminence of the goal (hall be kept as neat withinfidV all other Gothick churches, not only in as it is noble without. The felons are this kingdom, but throughout Europe} allowed draw, and their beds are now according to the opinion of a gentleman, fiifed font the ground t and (litre is an who had feen the churches at Strasbourg, Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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I753* YORK Cathedral iefcribtd, &c. 419 Milan, and Notre Dame in Paris. It hat diameter i The height to the middle knot Certainly two remarkable beauties net to of the roof is 67 feet xo inches, unfup- fce found in any other Gothick edifice 5 ported by any pillars, and entirely depen* which are, that the height and breadth of dent upon one pin geometrically placed the net and fide ifles of the church, and in the centre. The whole roof has been of all the arches and windows, come ve- richly painted, and the knots of carved rr near the dimensions laid down by the work gilt ; but is now defaced and fullied c&ablimed rules of Roman architecture $ £ by time. Over the roof is a jpire of tinv that the fpan of the roof, from eaft to bir-work, covered with lead, (admircd weft, rifes very near equal to the modern as a mafterly piece of work in the car- proportion 5 the exceffiva height of the penters art* The eight fquares of the ifcofs being the chief blemrmes in molt octagon have each a window beautiful^ cathedrals, as may be feen at Lincoln, adorned, and enibclliihed with painted Saliibury, Wcftminfter, and particularly glaf*. Winchefter. The plan of the" whole , ♦ - «# church if uniform, as well as the fuper- « Ex*lanatiok «/^YIBW, itro&ure, efpecially from eaft to weft ; *» 1 Severus*s hill.— a Mickle-gate bar.— Che windows are of a fine and dtftance 3 OM Baile hill.— 4 Road to Bifliopf- proper to the magnitude of tbe ftruclu re, tnorp. — 5 River Oufe.— 6 The terjafs and are admirable for their Workmanlhip j walk by the river fide near a mile in neither is it crouded or incumbered on length— 7 St. George^s dofe.— 8 Skelder the out-fide by its buttreflcs, but every gate poftern.— 9 The craihe. — 10 St* .part is enriched with ornaments, which Mary's church the elder. — 11 St. Mary's receive an additional beauty from the co- church the younger. — 12 Trinity church, lour of the ftone, as it retains almoft its C ""-U Caftle Mills. — 14 Moore Monktoo original whitenefs. The weft end, which church. — 1 5 St.Martm's church.— 16 The is 124 fcct *n breadth, fliews a grandeur caftle. — 17 Fifher Gate poftern. — iS itiexpreflible : This front contains two Clifford's tower. — 19 Town-hall. — 20 uniform towers, in one of which hangs All-hallows church. — 21 St. Michael's a deep peal 0/ 12 bells. Between thefe church.— 22 St. Mary's church.— 23 Su towers, over the principal entrance into Martin's church. — 24 All-hallows. — 25 the church, is a large window, whofc St. Olave's.— a 6 St. Hellen's.— 27 The tracery in mafons work is of a figure fo r\ sffembly room. —48 City wall. — 29 St. fceautifuJ, that it cannot be equalled any Dynas's church. — 30 St. Sampfon's church, where. The eaft front is exceeding no- —.31 St. Crux's church. — 32 Chrift'e We, and has the fiaeft window in the church. — 33 St, Michael's church.— 34. world, being 10 fbet 9 inches broad, and The cathedral. 75 feet high, but the tracery at top not „ • „ # m . ' .- . . lb beautiful as that at the weft end. Be- A **™*n *f <** *•/ mpcrtant 4ffmrt m low the tracery are 117 partitions, where- tbt W ****** *f Pasliamint. Cw- ih is reprefented, in fine painted glafs, turned frm p. 377. ■soft of the hiftory of the bible: And E 1TIB« *7» a motion was made and indeed all the windows of the church, IT leave given to bring in a bill, for per* except one or two, are adorned with mitting the exportation of wool and painted gtaft, reprefenting the facred hif- woollen or bay yarn from any port ia tory, and the portraitures of eminent Ireland, to any port in Great-Britain ; perfons. In entering the church at the «nd that Mr. Keale, Mr. Nugent, Sir weft door, which opens into the middle James Lowthcr, Sir William Yongc, Mr. »et, we pafs under* the largeft Gothick Horatio Walpole, fen. Mr. Chancellor sfrch in Europe, which binds and fup- p <** the Exchequer, Mr. Alderman Beck- ports the two towers. The net is the fbrd, Mr. Gray, the lord HilUborough, and short fpacious of any in Europe, except the lord George Sackville, fhould prepare St. Peter's at Rome ; it exceeds the dt- and bring in the fame. March 2, it was mentions of the net at St. Paul's four feet prefented to the houfe, read a firft time, ' Six inches in width, and 1 1 feet in height, and ordered to be read a (econd time. In and that of Weftminfter-abbey 16 feet 6 every ftage it met with fome opposition, inches in breadth, but its height is two erpecially with regard to yarn, but the feet left.— But the bare mentioning all the chief debate was upon the third reading, particulars relating to this magnificent G March 26 5 for a petition having been edifice would carry us to too great a prefented on the 20th, from the high length j We (hall therefore conclude with Ihcriff, and grand jury of Lincolnshire, taking fome notice of the Chapter-houfe, fetting forth, that the petitioners had 4 building which for a Gothick piece, has been for feveral years part, not only en- sje equal. . Tia aa oftagon of 63 fret ecu raged by a tolerable fale for wool. G $ $ * but Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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420 Summary of the hfi 'Sdftan of Parliament.' Sept. but alfq neceffitated by the diftemper of to execution, without the aid of an aft the cattle, (not then ceafed) to ftock their of pailiament j therefore praying the houfe} fands extraordinarijy with fheep, in tp to take the premifes under corifldcrationt jnuch that at that* tune there w^s not and to grant leave to bring in a bill for oniy much more wool than ufual grow-. the purpofes abovemeritioned, and tq »Pg* k Jt Srea* quantities of laft year ly-' granf. fuch other relief in the prerrjifleSj Ipg upon the hands of the farmers unfold, as mould feem reafonable and joft. iind that if ftill more was wanted, more a This petition was referred to the con- vould naturally be produced j and al- fideration of a committee, and upon their ledging the importation of wool from repqrt, March 12, leave was given for Jreiaqd' to be -prejudicial j and that they bringing in a bill for erecting feveral pub- had been jrTormed, that the caufes of lick buildings in the city of Edinburgh, our late fuppofed flourishing trade for and to empower the truftees therein tq woollen goods were accidental, and were be mentioned to purchafe lands for that in a great meafure ceafed, therefore they purpofe, and alfb for widening and en- fudged' the ft»d bjll to be moil unfeafona- larging the ftreets of the (aid city, andj^ blc, at tfii j ,n3uieefpecially j and there- B certain avenues leading thereunto 5 an4 fore they pt. /ed, that either the irppor- that Mr. Ker, Mr. Ofwald, and Mr, tation of wol, or woollen yarn, from Fletcher fhould prepare and bring in the Ireland, might be totally inhibited for fame. Accordingly the bili was prefented the prefent, or fuch other relief granted/ to the houfe by Mr. Ker on the 23d,pauecJ( as to the houfe mould fecm reafonahle. both houfes without oppofition^ and re- " This petition having been prefented ceived the royal aflent, May 15. But, like as aforefaid, and aftcr being read order- moft of Our late new Jaws, we fuppofe it ed to lie on the table, until the third Q mu ft next fcflion be explained and amend - reading of the bill, the fcme was a- ed j for as it ftcjnds at prefent it does hot gain read, and a motion made, that feem clear how the commiffioners can; the bill do pafs, whereupon a debate a&, unlef$ thofe prefent at any meeting enfued, in which the principal fpeakers be unanimous in their refolu'tions. for the Mil were the lord Hobart, Sir March' 5, a motion was made arid leave. William Yonge, Horatio WaJpole, fen. given to bring in a bill for regulating thdT Bfqj the lord HiJlfborough, Charles Grayi number of alehoufes in England, and fof Ufq$ and Humphry Sydenham, Efqj and _ the moreeafy convicting penons felting ale {he principal fpeakers againft it were, V and other liquors, without licence 5 an^, Robert Viner, £fq; Thomas Wbichcot, Mr. Bathurft, Mr. Prowfe, Mr, Wilkin- #q; John Thornhaugh, Efqj Andrew fon, and Mr. Nugent, were ordered to pre- Wilkirtfon, Eftj; and lieut. gen. Ogle- pare and bring in the fame. This bill wa^ thorpe. At laft a motion was made ancf pafledin the ordinary courfe without oppo- tbe queftfon-put for adjourning the debate fltion, and enacled, amongft other things^ to th*at day two months, but a negative 1. That upon granting licences by juf- feeing put upon this motion, the qucftion tlces to keep an alehoufe, ipn, vi£tualling- was pqt for paffing this bill, and carried g houfe, or to fell ale, beer, and other, in the affirmative $ whereupon it was * liquor? by retail, the perfon to whom the tarried to the lords, and being there paf-. fame was to be granted mould enter into)" ied without any amendment, it received," a recognizance in the fum of 10I. with the royal affent, April 17. [ $wo fufficient fureties, each in the Amy '' March 7,1 there was prefented to the* of 5I; or one fufficient furety in the fom, fcoufe and read, a petition of the provoft, of iol. under the ufual condition, for, iftagjftrates, and council of Edinburgh, maintenance of good order and rule with- tjprefenting the con£ned fituation of that p in his houfe } or if he fhould be, hindreof city, and the jneonvenitneies and dangers * from attendingin perfon, through ficknefs, refulting therefrom 5 and that a very con-; infirmity, pr any other reafonable caufe, flderable number of noblemen, gentle- to be allowed by the faid juftices, fuc$ tnen, burgeffe^, &c.' had opened a volun- licence might be granted upon two fuf- !*ry fubfeription, for contributing certain ficient fureties entering into recogniiance, argc fums, and had appointed managers each in the penalty of 10L fur the per- or truftees to overfee, and direct the ap- for mance of the faid condition. %* That plication (hereof, towards ' opening and no licence fhould be granted to any perfot\ improving the avenues to the faid city, G not licenfed the year preceding, unlets enlarging and adorning the ftreets and * fuch perfon fhould produce, at the gene- ether places' of pubiick refort, erecting fa.1 meeting of thejuftices in September^ proper edifices for the prefervatiqn of a certificate under the hands of the par- tfce records, and other pubiick ufes, ae- fon, vicar, or curate, and the major par* carding to a plan which had been concerted j. of the church- wardens and overfccrs, o< Sit that the famecould not be carried in-' ' . 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175^ Summary* ofjbi hjt Seffion ef Parliament 4% i *?1fe of three oc four reputable and fub- Hey, were ordered to prepare and bring Aantial' houfeholders and inhabitants, of in the fame. Accordingly on the a*d, the flis good feme, and fober life and conver- bill was prefented to the houfe by the) fttion ; the producing of which certifi- lord Strange, read a firft time, and order* jCate to be mentioned in the licence, other- ed to be read a focond time. Thf 24th, wife the fame to ba void. 3. That if a there waf prefented to the houfe and read, fkenfed perfon mould die or remove, the a petition pf William Wrightfoo, E% perfon fucceedmg might keep on fuch ale- \ chairman, Sir Rowland Winn, Baa* houfe durfog the refidue of the term of Godfrey Wentworth, John Battie, Fran* ' fUe licence j on condition that within to cis Wood, and John Lyfter, Efqrs. juf* days after fuch death or removal, he tices of the peace for the Weft- riding of mould obtain a certificate as aforefaid> to York (hi re, aflembled at the general quaff he figned by fome neighbouring juftice, ter feifiona of the peace, held by adjourn-) in order to its being produced at the next ment at Donca&er, in and for the faid general meeting in September 5 and that raiding, January 17, 1753^ and of t^f if fuch certificate mould not be obtained R gentry, merchants, freeholders, trade!? Within the faid 30 days, then immediate- *■ men, farmers, and others, of. the did iy from and after the expiration thereof, riding, whofe names were thereunto fan* Aich licence Zhou Id be void ; and that no (bribed, fetting forth, That the highway* licence mould tntitle a perfon to keep an within the faid riding in general were in alehoufe in any other place than that in great decay, altho* the inhabitants of which it wa* Arft kept by virtue of fuch narimes and places liable to repair the licence. 4, That no licence mould be fame had done the ftatute work, and granted but at a general meeting of the raifed great fums of money upon them* juftices, acljng in the divifion wherein C felves by afleflinent from time to time, Che perfon to be licenfed dwelt, to be held and notwithstanding the aids received On Sept. 1, yearly, or within 20 days af- from turnpikes j and aUedging,- that the Ccr j and every fuch licence .to be made laws in. being for prefervation of the highT |br one year only, to commence Sept. 295, ways of this kingdom were not fcfficiant «nd that the day and place for granting; for the purpofe, and that it would be im? frch licences mould be appointed by war- poflibie to bring the fame into good con* fant of two or more j unices, . 10 days at dition, whilft fuch heavy carriages a* Jeaft before fuch meeting, directed to the t\ then pafied upon the fame were allowed* fiigh-conuable of the divifion, requiring unlets the wheels and tire of fuch cartir fkim to order the refpeclive petty confta* ages were made broader than they werf blea, to give notice to the fevcral alehoufe then required. to be ; and therefore prajFf and inn keepers within their confUble« in? that leave might be given" to bring ig wicks, of the day and place of fuch meet- a bill for better preferring the high, roads jng. And; 5, It was provided, that this of this kingdom, by enlarging the breadth di& mould not alter the times of granting and tire of the wheels of waggons, carta, licences for keeping of common inns or and other carriages, in fuch manner as alehoufes 5 or oblige perfons not licenfed £ to the houfe mould feem meet ; f he year preceding to produce certiorates This petition was ordered to lie on the In any city or town corporate. - table until the faid bill mould be read a Thefe are the claufes moft material for fccond time 5 which it was April 4, and all alehoufe and inn keepers to know ) committed 5 and on the 6th, upon a mo- jfpr as to juftices, &c. it is to be fuppofed tion made by Sir William Beauchamp that each of them will always have a co~ Pro&or, the committee were inftru&ed py of this a£t by him, as they mull foj and impowerqd to make provision in the, ctften have recourfe to it, and are to be fo o faid bill, more effb&ually to prevent the) well paid for their trouble ; therefore we drivers of carts and other carriages*, from; can hardly fuppofe that they , will leflert riding upon fuch carts or carriages, in) the number of alehoufes, tho' their the city of London, or within ten miles, number is now certainly fuch a, publick thereof. After which the bill was pafled nuifance as deferves the attention of thp according to the ufual forms, and amongft legislature, other things it enacts, 1. That after the March 14, a motion was made, and 29th of Sept. 1754, no waggon or othef leave given to bring in a bill for the wheel carriage mall be drawn upon any amendment and prefervation of the pub- G turnpike road, unlefs the fellies of th* Tick roads of this kingdom, and for the wheels, thereof be of the breadth of 9 more effectual execution of the laws reT. inches from fide to fide, at the lcaft* unf fating thereto j and the lord Strange, Mr. der the penalty of 5I. to be paid by th* Northey* Mr. Fazakerly, Mr. Thornton, owner of fueh carriage $ or of forfeiting £Xr. John Pitt, l^r, ^ilkiftfon, anjj lfaf any one of the nodes, with ail his ac. ) * 4" 4 " coutremenfs. Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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411 Summary cf the UJt Seflton $f Parliament. Sept. CMtrcmentf , not being tht (haft or thill- truftees, or any other inhabitant, may* - horft, to the fole ufe and benefit of the after the faid Sept. 19, 1754, appreheocf fcerfon who (hall feiw or diftrain the the driver of any waggon, Ac. palling nine $ fuch failure to be delivered to the on any turnpike road not having the eonftaMe, or other parfth officer of the wheels at this ad directs, or which fhall place, who (hall keep the fame, till proof be drawn with a greater number of horfes be made of the offence on oath before than refpeftively appointed, except as be* Ibme jeftice, who (hall thereupon iflbe £ fore excepted, and carry him before any his precept for delivering up fuch diftrcfe' juftice for the county, *c. and upon con- to the faid party for his own ufe and be- vi&ion, either by felf-confeffion, or the asefit, upon his paying fuch reafonable oath of one or more credible witneUce, charges for the conftable's keeping and he (hall forfeit 5I. or if no goods to be Jecuring the fame, as the juftice (halt di- dtftrained, he (Kali be committed to the feet ; but if no proof (hall be made with- houfe of correction for one month, or in three days, the horfe, lee. (hall be re- until payment of the (aid fum. And, ft. turned back to the owner, he paying rea- R The owner of every waggon to have bis (enable charges for keeping the fame. *» name and place of abode in legible letters «. This aft not to extend to any chaife- written or painted upon the tilt or fosne marine ; nor to any coach, landau, her- other1 confpicuous place of his waggon, JRa, chaife or cala(h ; nor to any waggon under die penalty of 5!. and if a falfe or drawn by lefs than five horfes or hearts of fictitious name, the penalty of 50I for draught ; nor to any other two wheel every (bch offence, carriages drawn by lefs thaa four horfes, April 16, a bill, which had been paflec! a*, nor to any carriage drawn by oxen without any great oppofition in the houie or neat cattle only. 3. Immediately after C of lords, intitlcd, At atl ti ftrmt pafens faffing this ad, any carriage loaden with fro/effing tbt Jcwijb religion f bt nMtursBxtd one tree or piece of timber, or one (lone iy parliament t ami for ttber furfefn thcrtim or block of marble only, having the fel- *«*//«*««', was fent down to the commons* lies of the wheels thereof, of the breadth where it was next day read a firft time, of 9 inches, may be drawn upon any and ordered to be read a fecond time, turnpike road, with any number of horfes The 19th, it was ordered to be printed | or beads of draught 5 and waggons or and, May 7, it was read a fecond time* other four-wheel carriages with like broad ** and a motion made for its being commit* wheels, with any number not exceeding u ted, and tho* there are no clergymen in fight ; and two-wheel carriages with any the houfe of commons, yet upon this number not exceeding five j without be- motion a long debate enfued, in which sag liable to be weighed, or fubjc& to an the principle jpeakers were William Nor- additional toll of 10s. or without being they, Efqj Sir Edmund Kham, Sir John, liable to forfeit any horfes, by the 24th Barnard, Charles Cholmendeley, Efq; and of George II. chap. 43 \ or the 6th of Nicholas Fazakerley, Efq; againft com- George I. chap. 6. Nor to any penalties mitting the bill 5 and the lord Dupplia, for travelling with a greater number of £ Robert Nugent, Bfq; the lord Barrington, horfes than are now allowed by law. 4. and Henry Pel ham, Efq; for committing That no greater toll be taken for fuch car- it ; and the queftion being at lad put, riages than is directed by the turnpike and carried In the affirmative, it was re* ad! to be taken for waggons, dec. drawn folved, that the bill (hould be committed by five or four horfes. 5. That the turn- to a committee of .the whole houfe, and pike truftees (hall by writing order the that the houfe would refolve itfelf into the tellies of the wheels of all carriages which (aid committee on Tuefday, May 15* ought to be of the breadth before pre- p when the bill was again ftrenuouffy op* fenbed, to be gauged at any turnpike pofed, but it parted through the commit- through which fuch carriages (hall pafs ; tee, and the report was agreed to with- and if it ftiatt appear to the fatisfadion of cut any amendment. The next day, it the (urveyor or gate-keeper that the fellies was ordered to be read a third time on were originally 9 inches broad, but by TueWay the nd ; and previous thereto, wearing had become lefs, fo at not to be viz. on the 21ft. there was prefented to above 8, fuch carriage (hall pafs, without the houfe and read, a petition of the fe« feeing liable to any of the (aid penalties, veral merchants and traders, in the city 4. Whoever (hall hinder or attempt to G of London, whofe names where thereun* prevent the meafuring, or the feizing of to fubferibed, alledging, that the petitio- a>ny horfe, &e. forfeited, mall forfeit sol, ners were of opinion, that the pafllng of for every (uch offence. 7. The conflable, this bill into a law, might encourage per- tyrhing-man,. furveyor of the highways fons of wealth and (ubftance to remove tr turnpikes, or oerfon appointed by the with their ejfc&s from foreign parts into Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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r 753- Summary *f tbt laft Scflion 0/ Parliament. 42 3 this kingdom, and cncreafc the commerce the woollen and other manufacture* of this and credit of this nation ; and therefore kmgdom, of which the perfons who profefs E raying that the bill might pafs into a the Jewifh religion had, for many year* iw ; and that the houfe might fee what lift paft, exported great quantities j and fort of men the petitioners were, federal therefore praying, that the faid bill might of their names wtre upon motion read to pafs into a law. This petition was like* the houfe. Bat as merchants and traders, wife ordered to lie upon the table, until as well as all other forts of men, are of- a the bill (hould be read a third time* ten of different opinions, there was the which it immediately was, after fome of fame day prefented by the (herifft of Lon- the laft petitioners againft it had beem don, a petition of the lord-mayor, alder- called in, and their petition being again men, and commons of the faid city, in read, they were heard, and they exa- common -council afiembled, which petiti- mined feveral witnefies in fupport of their l on, being read, exprefTed the apprehen- petition j after which they being with* fions of the petitioners, that mould the drawn, and the bill opened by Mr. Speaker, said bill be paflcd into a law, the fame a motion was made, that the bill do pafs* would tend greatly to the dishonour of o Upon this there enfued another long de- the chriftian religion, endanger our ex- bate, and a motion being made, that the cellent constitution, and be highly preju* debate (hould be adjourned until that day dlclal to the mtereft and trade of the month, the queftion was put thereupon, kingdom in general, and the faid city in and carried in the negative; whereupon the particular j and therefore praying that it queftion for the bill's parting was put and might not be patted into a law. Both carried in ttie affirmative j and Mr. Hume, which petitions were ordered to lie on was ordered to carry the bill to the lords* the table until the bill (hould be read a Q and acquaint them, that the houfe had third time ; and next day, after reading agreed to the fame with out any amendment* the order for this purpofe, a petition was This famous and important bill bavin* prefented to the houfe and read, of the thus pafled both houfes, fome of the moS fubtcribing merchants and traders of the zealous advocates againft it without doors, city of London, in behalf of themfelves, began to talk of petitioning his majefty and all other merchants and traders of not to give it the royal anent; but as it was Great-Britain, alledging their being ap- a queftion, whether this would have been prehenfive, that the faid bill, if pafled in- agreeable to our confUtution, the defign to a law, would in its confluences great- was either laid afide, or they had not ly affect our trade and commerce with fo- D time to carry it into execution ; for as reign nations, and particularly with Spain the feffton ended June 7, the bill then and Portugal, and would alfo be attended received the royal aflent 1 Tho*, from with many other very bad effects to the what has flnce appeared, it muft be pre- ktngdom ; and therefore praying, that Aimed, that the crown could never have tbey might have leave, by themfelves or had a better or more popular opportunity council, to offer their reafons againft pail"- for exerting that prerogative which ia sag the fame into a law. Which petition like to fall into defuetude ; and indeed was ordered to lie on the table until the c it was perhaps the firft time that it could bill mould be read a third time, and that ever have been exerted with any view to the petitioners might then be heard by popularity *. themfelves againft the faid bill, if they As to the next bill we are to take no* thought fit j immediately after which, tice of, we (hall obferve, that a cau(e there was prefented to the houfe and having been laft feffion brought before read, a petition of the feveral merchants, the houfe of lords by appeal, which was traders, and manufacturers, (hip-wrights founded upon art alledged clandeftine and commanders of (hips, whofe names marriage, it fet the bad oonfequences were thereunto fubferibed, in behalf of F of fuch marriages in fo ftrong a light, themfelves, and many other perfons con- that their lordthips ordered the judges to cemed in (hipping, and in the woollen prepare and bring in a bill for tbe bttttr prt* and other manufactures of this kingdom, 'venting ofclandtfline marriages j which thee alledging, that the petitioners were of opi- accordingly did 5 but the bill met with nion, that the pa fling this bill into a law (b many alterations and amendments in might encourage roany perfons of wealth that houfe, that it was not fent down to and (ubftance to remove with their effects the commons till May 7, Next day it from foreign parts into this kingdom, the q was read a firft time in that houfe* and greateft part of which, agreeable to the ordered to be read a fecond time, and to experience of former times, would be be printed. The 14th it was read a fc- employed by them in foreign trade and cond time, and a motion made for |ts commerce, and in the encreafing the (hip- being committed, which occafioneel a, ping and encouraging the exportation of debate, * S* *'/«*> jr. »54» *57* 3a5> tf3*-4**« Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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%i4 Of a new conftrufted Doufii/s MicroscoM. Sep*. debate, Mr. Attorney General and the The iquare collar D hold* the two pi/» lord Barrington having fpoke for the mo- Jars 6 and C together, and Aides up or tjon, and Robert Nugent, Efq; again ft flown upon them, carrying with it th# ft 5 but upon a divifion the queftion was body of the microfcope. — The fcrew -but- carried in the affirmative by 116 to 55. ton 3 is intended to fix the pillar C, whes£ Whereupon it was committed to a com * the upper edge of the collar D being let at Hiittee of the whole houfe, for that day the fame number as that of the magnifier levennight, and all the members in and a employed, its focal diftance is brought about town were ordered to attend. Ac- nearly right. eordingly May 21, the houfe refolved it- When the pillar C is fattened, the mi- tttf into a committee of the faid houfe* crofcope (by the fine- threaded adjullinf upon the faid bill, as it likewife did, on the fcrew £) may be moved fo gently up or 33d, the 25th, the 28th, the 30th, and the down, without jerks or flips, that the true? j 1 ft, in which there were many long de- "focus may be found with great readinetV bates, that of the 2Sth having held till and exadnefs. . three o'clock next morning, and the bill # The horizontal plate or ftage F, having almoft entirely altered, both by the addition B in the middle thereof a circular hole 4, di» of new daufes, and the alteration of every re&ly over which the body of the micro- one of the old. June 1, the lord Dupplin fcope^is fufpended, is exceedingly con* according to order made the report, when venient to place obje&s on for obferva- fome of the amendments were difagreed tion, being freed entirely from the leg* fo, and the reft were, with amendments which incumberother double microfcopea, to fbme of them, agreed to $ and feveral The concave Iooking-glafe O, turning claufet were added, and feveral amend- on two fmalj fcrews in the arch d (at the menu were made to the bill. The 4th, q bottom of which a pin goes down into the the bill was read a third time, and a hole e in the pedeftal) reflects the light of motion made, that the bill with the a- a candle or the flcy direcUy upwards oji mendments do pafs. Upon this there was the objeel, by moving the looking-glaft a new and a long debate, the principal horizontally or vertically, speakers for the bill being John Bond, Efq* A double convex lens H, turns on two trie lord HilKborough and Mr. Sollicitor fcrews, for transmitting light to affift ha General j and thofe againft it were, coK illuminating opake objects, when tha Haldane, Charles Townfliend, Efq; Hen- long round wire/ is placed in the fpring* ry Fox, Efq; Mr. alderman Beckford, and D tube g, at the corner of the ftage F. Humphry Sydenham, Efq; but the quef- I— is a hollow cylinder whole fides are tion was upon a divifion carried by 125 open, and at whofe end a concave filver to 565 and the* lord Dupplin having by or- fpeculum b, having a round hole in the der carried the bill to the lords, the amend- midft thereof, is fere wed. This cylinder ments were there, after force debate, all flips over the fnout / of the microfcope. agreed to the 6th, and the bill received and when fet to the figure there marked,aj)4 next day the royal aflent *• correfpondent to the number of the mag* £ nifier made ufe of, the filver fueculum re* 4* Account of Mr. Cuff's nevmmfiruBti flc.as HSht on thc °P»k« obje& to be exa* DOUBLE MICROSCOPE, mtb a named $ which object muft either be held turitut Plat* of tbobme* *n l^e fpring- tongs at one end of the wira O, placed in the flit m on the ftagc F > ALL parts of this inflrument are brafs. or be put on the ivory block P, duck on —The body A, being firmly fup- the pointed end of the faid wire* Thf ported in a broad circular collar at the third or fourth magnifiers are fitted to be and of the arm a 4, which projects from ufed with a filver fpeculum* the top of the pillar C, may be taken out F K. L. M. N. Q^Q^ R. S. T. V. W, X« or put in at pleafure. Y. Z. are different parts of the apparatus, A fquare box b b, fcrewed down to which it is needlefs to defcribe, as all who; the wooden pedeflal 1 1 fupports the whole are acquainted with microfcopca will machine, by the ailiftance of the long know them at firft fight. Uatfquare pillar B, which is fixed within In the year 174.7 a micrometer for thie the faid box. inftrument was alfo contrived hy Mr* The moveable pillar C, which is fliorter Cuff, being a lattice of fine wires, placed than the pillar B tho' of the fame Aiape, q (when made ufe of) in the focus of the by Aiding up or down again ft the broad eye-glafc, by unferewing the body of tf»e slat fide of the faid pillar, raifes or lowera, tnilrument. The readinefs wherewith the the body of the microfcope as occafion real fize of objects may be calculated*) inay require—Both pillars fland in tho this micrometer muft render it vajuatt* fox***, ta the curious, ':* ^^ */'"//> 337* 35** 4** Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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*753* Mr- NokFGRt), of Cancerous Tumours; 42^ As an new t>ifcovery that but ferns to have ^ In a few weeks after her delivery, her a Tendency towards the Cure of that terrible right breaft fwelled and inflamed, fo that Diftemper called a CANCER, ought the child could not fuck of it : But to , tp he made as tuhlick as peflible, tve /ball prevent its coming to fuppuration, me five our Readers the filtnmng Extrael nad it, twice in a day, fomented with very from a Letter written by 'Mr. William hotfpir. vin, re&. which, indeed, abated Noaroan, Surgeon and Man- Midwife, the fwelling, in fome meafure, and the in- to Mr. JohnFiikI, Surgeon to St. A Animation j but reduced the whole breaft Bartholomew's Ht>fpiialt and publifhed to a very hard fchirrhous tumour.— The un- at the End of Mr. NoRroaft*$ Ajfay on eaflnefs which me fuffered from the pains CANCtaout TvMovas. in her bread, and other circumftances* MR. Norford, after a preface, which ??in& contrary to her wifhes, threw her fbews him to be a gentleman of a lt}t0 a fcw» fof whicn me kcPt her bed true publick fpirit, fays, that he had thrce weeks. — During this diforder the made trial of the juices of divert kinds of m,,k in her othcr brca b7 clipping off the top with her 9nly, in general terms, tell you in what w^ars, afterwards rubbing it with the manner I have ufed it, and the fuccefs I v,tno1 "on*» and then covering the ulcer have had with it in one cafe ; at the fame r\ with, an oin,tment a»d a» UrS* •» an ordinary man*a of each one fcnaple » The unguent, thus . rtlumb» **>* rooti of twhlch teemed to prepared, was kept in gaily pots cJofe tied grow fr?m whencethc fungus grew, were nrft flie Aickled. attended with fuch lancinating pains, that September, X7I3. Hhn * * IVhat I esS Mercur. dulcis prsscipit. isfwtet mtrevrytrecifitated in aq. calcts, and is prepared atfolUnot. Take offirong aq. calcis one pound \ of mercur. dulcis wll levigated, ■ kfUf em ounce ; mix, and la them ftand together a day or two till the mercury isfreciptoMd he a wry black pctvder at the bottom of the glaft } then feparate it from tht water ; by filtering t|* latter per chartam t The remaining powder i> tht paper is to hi drfd, mod kept its * mat tltfejlopptdfirufe. Digitized by UOOQ LC

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4%6 A nwarkafrte Cafe in Cancerous Tumours. Sept. (he, frequently, for fame weeks pa ft, had henfivc of t return of the dijeafe, owing, laid whole night* without Aeep.— Except as I fuppofed, to fome affe&ed part being a little feverim indifpoGtion, confequently left behind, which Aiould have been cxtir- arifing from the trouble and fatigue of pa ted. thii bread, (he was otherwife is pretty I attempted reducing this excrefcettct good health, tho* (he had had no ap- with red mercury prstcipitate | but this pe.x-snc* of ber meofes for three months did not agree x it teemed to harden the ex - pady A crofcence, although it cropt the top of it, I pa&d my prohe near two inches into while the bads daily encreafed, and the Ccvtral parts of the fungous mafs, without , other parts of the wound began todifchargo giving her much pain j but the blood im- a very thin matter, mediately followed the withdrawing the I endeavoured to excite a gentle falivatlon probe, to the quantity of an ounce or after the operation, according to the 62- two. reckons in my efley, but in vain ; the From the/e circumdances I was appre- mercury always ran through her.— The* fcenfive the bread was become cancerous j ft methods proving unfuccefsful, I applretf and, although 1 concealed my fentiments ** the following cataplafm, and made her from her concerning it, 1 judged there drink daily five pints of the dteSt. Kg* could be no cure, unlefs the bread was> fu*ise. as directed in the medical effays. •&£ uvdte to fa whu x • **£ Ut"^ ^ t *"* could do with u, before I propofed the ex- **"* "V?* **" m **' *** V ticpation j I bled and purged her, twice in ** ****** w** f*fi**+ a week, with argtnt. vnj.gr. xij. pilul m ft Ma-far cOatvr. VKfs. f*rk. Jan. & *i*ywthtitcum mkegr* xv. made into pills $ C ., . £" -. / direded cooling lotions to tbeimflamed ftv.cq. 0dto*flk*t.c*spt*p** integuments j applied **g . mutrit. cum After a weeVs ufe of there things, I fmlw. %sU. to the fungus $ and, ladly, (bund they would smfwer neither mine. covered the whole bread with a mercurial nor my patient's expectations j for alttio* Saturnine cerate. I likewise prefcribed her me fweat contiderably, and part of the afyitable dicu bread continued in good order, yet the* Five weeks were fpent in attempting to fungous excrefcence encreafed, and tho refolve the induration of the bread, witb.rx fore dairy grew more crude, this fuccefc, that the hardnefii difperfed, u I then covered the whole fore, with and if became .very moveable on the ribs j thin pledgets of lint fpread with the un- ftait the tumour and fungus remained much guent of the eatefmtia before defcribed ; as ufual | diily difcharging a thin watery over this I applied the cataplafm, and ichor, but left foetid. — I then endeavour' d continued the decoction as before— The to dedroy the fungus with fome pracipi- fecond day after the application of the, tate, but by this means the diforder was cttaputia, the lips of tho fore grew turgid ' greatly itritated ; the tumour, in a few and inflamed ; and the affeded Ade of days, enlarged \ the whole bread fweiled, E the bread, on the third day, was fome- and grew again very painful. Upon this, what tu mi fled, but attentfed with no great 1 immediately deftded from any farther ufe degree of pain.— In fhort, in about ten o/ tho precipitate j applied u*g. mutrit. ut days, there followed feveral fmafl tqnpu- +tust continuing the application of the rations in the lips of the fore, tbeftmgona saturnine cerate \ repeated bleeding and fuhdance daily waded, and was call otT, purging as before,— In little better than and in fifteen days after the ufe of the c«~ s* week's time, the fwelling was again tafutia, the ulcer became well digefted, febfided, and the pains almoA gone, fo p and appeared in a healing date.— 1 then chat 1 could feel didinelly the tumour, ordered her to drink lefs of the decoction, which, was, indeed, harder than ufuaJ, as and left off the ufe of ointment of the eatmf+* well as the fungous flertn— -In a few tia. — I drefled the ulcer with foch oirsmary 4aya after this, the bread coming to its applications, as are commonly ufed to natural foftnefs, I then, with my patient's * wounds in an incarnlng date ; but conti- aonfent, was determined to difleii out the nued the ufe of the cataplafm to the end knot and fungus together | which accord- of the cure; which was completed hi ingly X did.— Five days after the opera- two months after the application of tht tion, the wound began to diged, and G cmafuti*. feemed to go on as well as we could wifhj Two months after her cure, her menief but in the fpace of a week more, at the rerucned, and continued their regular pe bottom of the wound, I discovered a hardifh fungous excrefcence arirlng, at- tended with fome pain. former complaint* ' This greatly alarmed me, being apf> re* That nods ; and fince that (he is grown hcafrfcy and drong, having no fymptom of haw plaint* Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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4 75J- &• Voltai*ivj Litter t* his Niicr/ : 41,7 *n. w J £^^ t-ts --'-■- ti. ** t**0**** Pai J*t,fb77 . * . . I}aM2t m'envcyer itt des httres four U*£&'«x~f/ ****' *l y m* une *' tnadame Fontaine qui Be Jbyeecr, Jennie JiwA&/, 1755* tf eft pas confolante j mi freUnd toujturt out IL j amtit trtit «■ eittffrr .#»* *//* je n'a- /a/ iff/ Fruffie, fi on enttnd far let que jai tnis flcnr/, tt jt eomftvit bien que met rependu par de F attachment ', et dePentcufirjme "yrvfit/fu ft* Hnnoitroitnt flux cette fiibleffe aux avaneesftngu Hires que le rot de PruJJe vCa jufqud e) te em eihs fi fcrmnfent four jamais ! faitet 1$ ans define on a grande ratfin j mait Wtr le Jteretmri 4* comet de Stadian me fi on enttnd que fai /t/non fijet, tt que fat frtt^&a fondant en tormes 5 ye plettroit vStre B cefff un fiul moment dVtre rrancvit^ *» fi okpnrt tt o** iticK nvtc mot 5 vttre fatience et sent marque de bcntl que lui-nteme affelle fri- *Jkre courage m*en donrnthnt 1 matt apr/s v€- vole dans lei vers quil ft four mo: en mt doit' *r# dejftart je nmi fins (tt fcutcnu. Jt crois nant cette ftef et cctte crotx que fat nmifis a) N- f«w firm* de prods, fins fetmne de cbambrt, mjuftice a ne me pat regarder cemmt Franpit firm domeftijntt errant a fit forte quatre fid* pendant que j%ai toujourt conferve'ma fnaifen a time U bayonettt am bout dmfvftf, tt tontrainte Paris, et que jyai fay/ la capitation. Ptut ah finffrir qu*vn commit de re Vreytagt sen on prrtendre Jerieufmene aue Vautevr dnSietlt fishnet de la plot vile effect, paffe fcul la nuit de Loilis XlV» JJoferctt on dire devatt Aw atoms fa cbambrt t S^vand la Srim/iliers futD ftatues de 'Henri IV f J"ajoutenis de I.t£- arrrrtttle boream ne fut jamais fiul aruee etle' t h XV. puis que je fits le fiul accademicitn If my a point fextmple tPnne rndecencefi bar- qui ft fin pancgirtque quand il ruus demta fa et quele'toh votre crime t & avoir cod- paix, et que lui-mtme a a panegerique tradvit +ie eoo Sestet four venir tonduirt anx eaux de en fix Ungues. life pent fairt que fi tncjffi Phmbkres un encte movrahty jue inutre garden P5 ujfienne, tromp4e par m&n enremi et far tn ewrmre vitre pert. II eft trffte fans doute pour mbrvement de eclere, ait irrit/le roi ntsn tnai- ie roi fe Prujfe, qu%il nait pas encore repare tre contre moi ; ma is tcut cede a fa jufice ex M * ■msee far title indignite' comife en fin nom par un JJ fa grandeur d%amc ; it f era le prtmier I de* imwmequi fe dtt fin mintftre. mandcr au roi men maitrc qu%t,n me laijfe fir.ir Paffe encore pour moi 5 il m*avoit fait or- met jours da ma patrie j it fi foutriendra quil vr four r avoir fin livre imfrime de pocfies, a c*te mon difciple, et que je' n'errfsrte rhn ' four r avoir fin livre imfrime de pocfies, a c*te mon difciple, et que je* n'errfcrte aUrrt il rfavoit rratife, ee auquel faveit d%aufres de mi, que Pbomtcur de /' 'avoir mis qfuehqut droit, lime l" avoir laifj'e amme on en /tat d*ecrire mieux que moi j ilfe an tent era gage de fit hontes, et cemme la recompense de de cette fiperiorite, et ne vtudra pat fe fervjr ihzs fiir.s \ il a, voula reptendre ce bienfait \ de edit que lui donr.t fa place pour accciler un -it n avoit qua dire un mot, ce n'etoit fas la etranger, qui Ta enfeigmf quelauefois, qui Va peine de fatre emfrifonner un vieillard qui va F cberi et refftcle toujours. ye m fauroh jut fremdre Its eaux ; il auroit fC fe fiuvenir que imfuter Us Litres qui cturent contre nmi fiut Jep*is fins de 15 ans il m'avoit frevenu far f on nom ; il eft trof elev/ et trof grand four, fiet bont/s feduifanta j qu'il m'avoit dam ma outrager un farticulier dans fes fettres 5 if fait ^rieilfrffe tire de ma fatrie \ que j'avois tra- trof comment un roi doit e'erirey et il cor.neit le *raif?e avec lui deux ans de fuite <J ferfecTiontr frtx des bienfeances 5 il eft n/ fur tout four •fat talent \ que jt Vai bitn ftrvi, et ne lui at faire connoitre celui de la bonte et dt la clemence, "meAnqmi in rien ; qu%enftn il eft bien au deffous Cetoit le cara&cre de nitre hon roi Henri jy, Je fi* nang et de fa gtoire, de prendre farti q il e'toit promt et colcre, mat's il revtnoit, Tint- gfett* une fuerrtle acaiemique, tt de finir* four mtur n'avoit cbex lui que des moment, tt rtu* tastt rrctmfenfe, en mt faifant demanaer fit mimttcT infpira touteja vie. fdSfifs par det foldats. jeffere qu'il eonnoi- Voila, ma cb<rc enfant ', ce qu*un oncle, tm tra tit ou tard quil a it/ trof hsn j que mon plttitt un fere malaa\ diBt fiur fa file j jg ' Va tremp/, tt qtat ni VauUvr r.i le ni firtit un feu confoDJS vtvt arrive* en bvnna ! W h h a fi** Digitized by VjOOQ iC

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4*8 Trapfotion tf M. Volt? a 1 * eV If .E T T E R. $cpt fine. • Mn tomfUnuut a vStrt frert et * vbwt drawn me out of my own country in my Jotur. A di*u, puijfai-jt vemr mcurtr fan tm old age, that I 'had laboured wtth htm lor brst. itmortdti bmmtx tt da fit, , ^ two ycart together to perfe* his talents, ' * V. V. that lhaveftrved him frithmlly, and had . never failed in any part of my duty; and A Lxtt** fro* Mtnfiar TOLTA1UE ^^ finally, u was much beneath his u Malm DENIS, bit Ni from that of hie fuflferiags appeared lefs horrible to me reafon and goodnefs, But what can he when you was with me ; Your patience do to repair that abominable outrage , and courage infpired me with the like ; .which las been committed againft you in but after your departure I had no longer his name ? My lord Marfhal wili, no any fupport : J cannot help thinking doubt, be ordered to make you forget, X ' (but it is only an imagination) I (ay I can- noinble, the horror* into which you have . not help thinking, that all this muft have been plunged by a Frcytag, happened in the time of Dionyfius of Letter* have been Cant me hither for Syracufe. 1 put the queiUon to myfelf, C you. One of them is from madam Fon- whether it is pofiJble,. that a lady of taine, and is not very confoiatory. They Paris, travelling with a parTport from have always pretended that I was a Prof- the king her mailer, can have been nan ; if they mean by this that I have dragged through the ftreets of Frank- returned the Angular advances which have fort by folcUers, imprifoned without any been made me by the king of Pruffia for •form of trial, denied the convenience of thefc 15 years together, by attachment a waiting woman or ajny domeftick, the and enthunafra, they are very much in door of her prifon guarded by four fol- -q the right j but if they mean that 1 ha«e diers, with their bayonets fixed to their not been a fubject, and that I have ceafed mufquets, add compelled to Aider one one fingle moment to be a frenchman, of the creatures of this F rev tag, a wretch they are miftaken. The king of Profits of the vileft fort, to pafs the night alone never proposed any foch thing, and gave |n her apartment } When Brinvilliert was me the key of chamberlain only as a eonfinecj the executioner was never left mark of his goodnefs which he himfetf alone with her. There is no example calls frivolous in the varies which he wrote of fo barbarous an indecency. And what to me when be gave me this key alnd the was your crime ? The having travelled K crofs, both which I have laid at bis feet. 100 leagues to conduct to the waters of Thefe required neither oath, fon£Hon, Plombieree a dying uncle whom you re- nor naturalization. No man is a fubjed . gard as your father, It is certainly a to a king merely by wearing his order. dishonour to the king of PrurTia that he Monfieur D'Ecouville, who is in Not- has not yet made reparation for fuch an mandy, has alfo the key of chamberUm indignity, committee! in his name, by to the king of Pruffia, which he wears a man who calls himfclf his minifler. with the crofs of the order of St. Lewis. This is a frefh wound to me, whom p It would be highly unjuft not to regard he had before caufed to be imprifoned, to me as a Frenchman, though I have all regain bis printed book of poems, with the time kept my houfe at Paris and have f which he had favoured me, and to which payed the capitation. Can this be feriouf- I had fome claim/. He had committed it to pretended of the author of the Steele de to me as the pledge of his favour, and as louts XIV I 'Would any one dare to fry the reward of my toils. He was defirous this before the ilatues of Henry IV? I |o take back this favour. He needed only may add, of Lewis <KV. fince I am the to have intimated this defire 5 it was not r only academician who wrote his panegy- worth the while to imprifon an oJd man ^ rick when he gave us peace,, and fince who was going to drink the waters. He he has himfelf this pa negy rick translated might have confidcrtd, that for upwards into fix language*. His Pruifian majefty, of fifteen years, he had attached me to ocing deceived by my enemy, aod. front* him by his engaging favours, tjiat he had an impulfe/of paiBoo, may have irritated Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1755- ;4 Caution **$*fi& Sharper^- Shoplifters, 6fo 42 9 the king ray raafter againft me. Bat other that went in before \ he or (h* buy* f very thing rmift fubmlt to bis jttftice and ing fomc thing, the counter being covered jreatnefc of *foul, and he will be the ftrft with goods, one of the two Sail look to defire the king my mafter would j>er- ever the goods, while the other Jhatt mit me to tnd my days in my own coun- plant a piece uo,der the reft, not opened* try; He will Call to mind that he has although one or more perfona be behind been my difciple, and that I have gained the counter at' the fame time, who ftuU siothing from him bat the honour of en- ^ not Tee them* by rcafon they will open noting him to write better than myfelf. a piece of ttuff and hold it up between He will be contented with this fuperiority, the owner and their partner thattf u down and will not make «& oF^hat which hie with her petticoat! hal(up, ready for the rank gives him to ruin a foreigner, who word nap it 5 then /he puts it between feas fometimes Inftrucled him, and by her carriers, (that is a, cant word for, whom he has always been eheiiihed and thighs} and then gets up and lets her refpe&ed. cloaths drop, agreeing and paying foe I cannot attribute to him the letters what they like, and fo walks off. andean which have been written againft me and a walk very well without putting their difperfed under his name. He is too ele- hands to hold it j then going into, a yard rated and too great to commit an outrage or entry, thejr partner takes it from them ; upon a private perfon in his letters. He Some in the feme manner fecrete goods knows too well hoW a king outht to under their cloaks, and if finaU pieces, write, and what regard Is to be paid to In their under petticoats, half tucked up s good manners end decency of behaviour. If it be a box of ribbons, they will pom*. He is more efpccially born to know the a piece or two in one hand, while the value of goodnefs and clemency. This was q Shopkeeper meafures a yard or two on the character of our good and glorious the counter $ they have a handkerchief on king Henry' IV. He was hafty and paf- purpofe, when taking It up to wipe their fionate $ but it* was over in a moment, bofe, they put it with the ribbons into and he was actuated by the dictates of their pockets j but you aiuft obftrve if humanity all his life. they do not prig any goods, they will not This, my dear child, is what an uncle, buy any j but to prevent them, you rauft ©r rather a fick father, dictates to his obferve at fairs and markets, that thofe daughter. I mall be a little confoled fort of people call tor a great many goods, ff you arrive in good health. My corrtpli- J) till the counter is full, on purpofe, they ments to your brother and After. Pray feeming difficult to be pleafed. All mop- Cod I may be able to come and die keepers, to prevent this, mould put by one in yemr arms, unknown to men and kings. fort of goods before they take down ano* V. V. ther. Jdn exafl Account of the Manner in 2. 7be deceiving Art, called Mafoning. w^Gamblzss andotbir$*A*fx*% ^ jtaSONERS are a fct of people mffi s*f». *«fU at Tarn and other J^J that ivc for ^ ££ fb£*? where one ap3 lUX r£R, ^famous Gambler and pQarJ ^ ^ fj|r||»r Qf ^ £ Bi&wyman, ye frail give our Readers Qth„ tWQ a$ vouchcrf , 60nc jj to ,ook feme Parts of it, in oraUr to prevent their out fof a {Armtr thtt ha$ a Wnd ^ lesnww&fed on or fuffering lyjucbjbsrping bcaft ^ m> an<J jf he ^^ ^ {% % Methods for the future. like,y fcUow to bc took ^ ^ oth^ X. To caution all Shopkeepers and Salefmm perfon is to aflc the price of the faid cattle, mhfi Shoplifters of both Sexes, the heft f where they come from, what market Way to frevent their Villanies is as follows: towns the farmer keeps, and the houfe* THERE mail bc generally threc per- *nd peoples names in fuch towns ; when he fbna together, called in cant *, pri- finds out thefe lie goes and tells th* rtafontr gets* lifts, or files. They (hall go by a mop the ftory : The farmer is then brought in-' or ftanding to fee if there are any goods to the houfe, where the mafener is fitting down on the counter j if not, one of paying money for cattle, as the farmer them mall go to the mop or ftanding, and thinks j and the rnsfonvt man tells him call for goods of differ ent forts to be p what money he has offered the farmer, fbown him or her, and then comes in ^ and they begin to talk about the loweft the other two, who take no notice of the price : The mafoner then goes out, that * Cant i\ the thieves language j prigers are thieves ; files are pick pockets • lifts arefeop* lifters j plant h to ftcretc j nap is tab J pame /'* to I'and may j prig » tojlesL Digitized by UOOQ IC

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410 A'lkv&tm agtinjl Sftarpers, Houfe-birtalccrs, &c. Sepfc. that they may have an opportunity of Cratch ah ©p^rtaaity of taking and mtifl be in Tome country place) and that tying the cloth over it with a fcrfingal, hh note it worth five hundred pounds : and then take their horfe away, and put ttie -tufmer fool* returns, and Ays, 1 him to another inn. diwnoTflhd the gentleman 1 have a draft ._. . . „ _^ ., npoti, and do no? know what to do for a * M^** if™** ** f>,Treatt«t ef money to f&y for the goods t have bought Houses. to-day f \ hnuft Order them to meet me T* OCSfe-hrdaking is always dona Ttt at fifth ■ iflacev and the performs name il the night $ the perfb'ns concerted where he know* the farmer ufes j the take a view of.the hpufe or (hop the day farmer hearmg Ail, (ays,1 1 know them before to fee what if to be tafcen, and very well j the tmtfinet then iflts him whe- where' to malte entrance ; it is generally rVtr he cOmrt that way, Ind the farmer done At midnight and if there is any fcftlmj him he doe's, he ftvt, that is right ft fcouts1, fyat is, watchmen, one of the tfc*n ; *eif m* the loweft prioe of your B gang tikes him away, under pretence aattlct, I cannot pay you now,, hut I win to light him home, or Ihow him fome pay yda next market *Ay> at the place diflant houfe, and in the mean time the it hefotr mentioned, 1 fuppofe that wijl work goes on. If they get entrance they not bt any difference fo you farmer ; no, have a dar* bntnorn, and f»fl to rifting infwers the pftfbn thatnroqght him in,, the Tiotife, for which purpofc they carry yOuf note 1$ worth a thoufand pound, feck*, and always know where to fel too will give your promlfTory note for the goods before they take them ; the fee money, and any deilcr in the fair C wrld may be fare if there was no re- *H1 take it ptym* a fmall difcount, for ceivers there would be no thieves, for it t* as good as the Bank of England. This they are the whole encouragers of vice. Eneralfy makes the agreement, the note To prevent fitch robberies, 1 beg leave to taVeft, and the cattle drove awaV, and acquaint all (hopkeepers, and howfo- Id direeVy to another deafer, ton free. keepers, to put the fore lock of the bolt ' There ant dealers waiting on purpofe to faft with a good fpring, and to have good buy futh goods, for they buy them cheap, infide bolts to their doors, or a chain acroft fettaufc they know them tocoft no money ^ them, and a TmaU bell to their doors and feot paper* "the poor fainter gees to the -^ windows, and to keep a little dog that place appointed, thinking to receive will bark ; you may be aiTured if fuch the money, but to his grief finds himfelf things as thefe be done, of not being rob- bit. bed, becaufc if a dog barks, or bell rings, they will not attempt any further. 3. Ringing Tuggs, and Sests, that h, tb**%fog Great toats end Saddles. v A little Diflertation htviqr heem UeeJj put* PtfcPLE in fairs or markets in the $M» imitfed, M Explanation of feme fummer, are apt to give their great g Paomecias h the Book ef eoats to the maid, and put their names DANIEL* by m Trefrjter of the on it with a piece of paper; the fervent Church of England, «i it « vpw *<verj cannot remember every coat, and the eurmitjubjetl, mW feems te he more trrr- /harper comes in and writes his name on *'«** '**" V"*A wefiaBpvn tmrRcaden his eoat that is worth but JTttle, but the fallowing Extr+a from it. Changes his note to another coat ; he *ir^HZ author, after (hewing that the then goes out, and comes in prefently 1 little horn mentioned in the Sth and calls for the coat with fucii a note » chapter of Daniel cannot be underftood on it, and the fervent delivers it without to mean cither Antiochus Epiprun«, or difpute, &d they fe/id another to fetch Titus, goes on thus s But Jet us under- their old coat } they often get fix or fcven ftand the little horn to mean the Maho- coats in a day with that old one: To metan kingdom, and the explanation of prevent this, the landlord or fervant ought this virion may very fairly be accounted to write two notes, both in one hand, for. For whereas Herod was, in order and to deliver one to the owner, and pin of time, prior to Mahomet; whereas he the other on the coat, and if the per fen was mighty, not by his own power, that comes for the coat cannot produce G but by the decree of the Roman fenate 5 the note as above, let him not have the by making his peace with the Romans eoat without good proof, and that will did deftroy many ; appeared in the latter prevent many diforders. end of tliofe kingdoms into which Alex- Changing faddles is done by the fame ander's was divided 5 and attempted to fbrt of people, their horfe having a rug deflroy the Prince of princes, the tord or horfc doth on it for that purport, they 5 ei Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1753* f^e Little Horn in DANIEL explained. 431^ of Kfe and glory, and was at laft broken tioned in tbe other place. I confidered far- without hand ; \% Wat very proper to- ther, that whereat the particular event from fpeak of him in this place, to characterize which the 113 5 days ware to be computed ene of the f^tefttyranu that ate? plagued was exprtify mentioned by Daniel, tf ' mankind* from the time of that event wa added Again, the manner in which this king* 1335 days, and from the year fo found dom fpread, as wtM as the exceeding cms mould roeben backward 2300, and extent of it, will exactly agiee with the » mould come to the very year in which defcription of it in Daniel. Toward the the firft remarkable event happened, whioh •aft it waxed exceeding rroat^ when thofls is proyhefted of in the vtfon manrloned ia) vaft countries, Peffia and fad*, ware fob- the tth chap, this would make it more ducd. In the fouth, the Ethiopians than probable that we had discovered were at Us ftcps, received its yoke. No- what daily ftorifiee it wu that fkould be thing now is wanting to comeieet the taken away by the little horn, description, but the conoueft of judsta, 3. To the end of the. wonders revealed and the neighbouring countries. Bs* it to Daniel, that ia, the beaft'a aanking waf is well known, that thofe regions foon » with the faints, and overcoming them* fcbmitted to Mahometan arms. Maw X wit to be a time, times, and a half; that teppofe, that, if a particular application is jf , at isoo years. St. lohn likewiff e>f DanicTs and St. John's number* eon fhould be the virion concerning the daily way of reckoning ufual among men) ana) Sacrifice, was told, that it flwuld fan until hia number is 466 (Rev. xitf. 18.) Nov* %y*o davs, at the expiration of which rime I ftfppofc tftaa this number denotes tha tbe fancruary is to be cleanfed. Now the year from whence we are to compute only difficulty here is to fix upon a proper the time of the Holy City's being trodden sera at which to begin our computation. under toot. To this number then add If ow nothing can be mora probable, than tito, and wa mall come to she yeer of that the sera of this vifion begins with n Chrift 1926. And from this year £fup. the firft remarkable event which the vifion "pofe the Mahometan kingdom will de* is deHgned to inform us of. Wow this chne apace. was the deftruclion of the ram by, she 4* From the time that the daily fa« be- goat ; and this happened in the year crifice (hail be taken away full he, fays before Chrift no,. For, though Darius DnnieU 1290 days, that is, years. Now wae flam in the year before Chrift 330, Jerufalem, as we have before obferved, yet, as Beflus was retired with feme for. was taken bv the Saracens, A. D. 636. eee in hopes to regain the kingdom, the To this number add 1190, and we (hail Perfian kingdom cannot be faid to be de- E come to the year of Chrift 1916, as wa ftroyed till this defign was brought *o did alfo in the laft article. nought 1 which was not till the year after, The conctuflont to be drawn from theflj via* the year 320. To this number add premifcs are thefe. ^300, and v?e mall come to the year of Firft, that the facrifice prophefied by Da ntbtr tmiaficrA tbe Embartf, wbhb tit frft ckrjftiatss cekiratcd dsfy. r Digitized by VjOOQIC

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4J2 fkRETORf.',' Sung by Mr. Lowe, at VavxhmU 1 Ye fcir, from matfs infidious love. Your Under hearts defend « Left the miftaken Mil* ye prove,But forrow in the end » Thro* reafon fcan, each artful man, Nor truft your ear or eye. Young * ^i^hTiHTTtl^JiUJuiL-U: 95 maidt be— ware, young maids be-ware, young maids beware, =E=a £ ^H^#^^^ fiih enihare with ar— ti— fi— cial fly, • TV -^^y^E^^^^ Witk looks as fair as fummer flow'rs, Soft words like honey fweet, And tears that fall in gentle (how'rs, Your pity they'll intreat. Mere common arts to catch your hearts. Bach foible to defcry. Young maids beware, &c. The honeft clown that plows the jm love is all a cheat $ And monarchs born to high well know the dear deceit. In love's fly tricks and politicks* A promife is a lye. Young maids beware, *C Were clods of earth all animate, Each blade of grafs a tongue, 'Twou'd wafte their moifture to relate The mifchiefs men have done ; Then guard your hearts from Cupid's darts, And all the tot defy. Young maids beware, men fiih eninart With artificial fly. Digitized by VjOOQ IC L«*

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fttticol Ess ays in SEPTEMBER, 1753. 433 A New COUNTRY DANCE. PRETTY SALLY. p&?m gjgjjgii^ The firft and fecond couple right and left half round, and the firft couple hands acroft with the third couple ~ ; lead ep to the top, foot it, and call off ~ ; the firft man back to back with the fecond woman, and his partner do the fame with the third man, both meet in the middle, and turn the firft man, back to back with the third woman, his partner with the fecond man ~, meet and turn into the fecond places ~ . Poetical Essays f»SE M ONI MIA a PHILOCLES. Written kj d* toe Uri H— — Y. SINCE language never can defcribe my pain, How can I hope to move when I complain? Vet fuch is woman's phrenzy in diftrefs, We love to plead, tho* hopelefs of redrefs. Perhaps, affe&ing ignorance, thou'lt fay. From whence thefe lines? Whofe merTage to convey? * [demand, Mock not my grief with that feign'd cold Too well you know the haplefs writer's hand; But if you force me to avow my (hame, Behold them prefaced with Monimia's name. Loft to the world, abandoned, anH for- lorn, Fxpos'd to infamy, reproach, and fcorn, To mirth, or comfort loft, and all for you, Yet loft perhaps to your remembrance too; How hard my lot ! What refuge can I try, Weary of life, and yet afraid to die ? Of hope, the wretch's laft refort, bereft, By friendi, by kindred, by my lover left. Oh ! frail dependence of confiding fools ! Or lover's oaths, or friendship's facred rules, How weak in modern hearts too late I find; Belinda's falfe, and Philodes unkind. To thefe reflections each flow wearing day, And each revolving night, a conftant prey. Think what I fuffer— nor ungentle hear, What madnefs dictates in my fond defpair: Grudge not tins (hort relief (too fall it flies) Nor chide that weaknefs I myfelf defpife; For fure one moment is at lea ft her due, Who facrifie'd her all of life to yon s , September, 1753. PTEMBER, 1753. Without a frown this fartwcl then re- ceive, For 'tis the laft my fatal love thai) give ; Nor this I would, if reafon could com- mand, But what reftrieXon reins a lover's hand ? Nor prudence, (hame, nor pride, nor in- t'reft fways, The hand implicitly the heart obeys ; Too well this maxim has my conduct fltown, [known. Too well that conduct to the world i* Oft have I>wrie, and often to the flame Condemn'dthis after- witnefs of my (hame 5 Oft in my cooler, recollected thought, Thy beauties and myfondnefs half forgot, (How ihort thofe intervals for reafon* s aid!) Thus to myfelf in anguirh have I faid, ** Thy vain remon/trance (foolifli maid I) give o'er, f deplore, u Who aft the wrong can ne'er that wrong Then fanguine hopes again delufive reign, I form thee melting as I tell my pain. If not of rock thy Minted heart was made, Nor tigers nurs'd thee in the defert (hade, Let me at leaft thy cold companion prove, That (lender fuftenance to greedy love : Tho' no return my warmer withes find, Be to the wretch tho' not the mift reft kind ; Nor Whilft I count my melancholy ftate, Forget 'twas love and thee that wrought my fate. Without reftraint, habituated to ranee The paths of pleafure, can I bear tins change ? Deom'd from the world unwilling to retire, In bloom of life and warm with young defire : lii 1 In Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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434 Poetical Ess ays in SEPTEMBER, 175 j. In lieu of roofs with regal fplendors gay, Condemned in diftant wilds to drag the day ; [court, Where beafts of prey maintain their favage Or human brutes, the worft of brutes, re fort j Yet, yes, this change I could unfighingfee, For none 1 mourn but what 1 find in thee ; There center all my wots, thy heart eftrang'd, I weep my lover, and my fortune chang'd, Bled with thy prefence I could all forget, Nor gilded palaces in huts regret j But exil'd thence, fuperfluous is the reft, Each place the fame, my hell is in my breaft, To pleafure dead and living but to pain, My only fenfe to fuffer and complain. As all my wrongs diftrefsful I repeat, Say, can thy pulfe with equal cadence beat? Canft thou know peace ? Is confcicnce mute within ? That upright delegate for fecret fin. Is nature fo extinguim'd in thy heart, That not pne fpark remains to take my part ? Not one repentant throb ? one grateful fight . Thy breaft unruffled, and unwet thy eye? Thou cool betrayer ! temperate in ill, Thou nor remorfe, nor thought humane canft feel t Nature has form* d theeof the rougher kind, And education more debas'd thy mind ; Born in an age, when fraud, and guilt prevail, [fcale 5 When juftics fleeps, and int'reft holds her Thy loofe companions, a licentious crew, Moll to each other, all to us untrue ; Whom- chance, or habit mix, but rarely choice, Nor leagu'd in friendfhip but in focial vice: Wh.» if 'i'ent of honour, or of mame, Glory in crimes, which others bluih to name ; By ri^lu or wrong difdaining to be mov'd, Unprncipl'd, unloving, and unlov'd. ^The fair who jrufU their proftituted vows, If net their fa 1 (hood, ft ill their boafts ex- pofe, [harm, ^Jor knows the wifeft Ev'n (he whofe prudence i fel charm, They know to flindcr, They make her languish in fictitious') flam*, [name, I Affix ibme fpecious fcandal on her > And baffied by her virtue, triumph o'er ¥ her fame J Thefc are the lenders of thy bjindedyouth, *Twas thtfe feductrs lauv,h'd thee out of truth, [phane, "Whofe fcurril mirth all fclemn ty'es pro- Or friend rhip's bund, oj liy men's Cacred chain. , {till tneir boafts ex- [harm, 'J 'ifeft to elude the I encefpurnsiherin- > [warm ; I ler, tho' thsyfailto J Morality as weaknefs they upbraid. Nor even revere religion's hallow' d head s Alike they fpurn divine and human laws, And treat the honeft like the ichri^iaa caufc. [art Curfe on that tongue, whofe vile pernicianf Delights the ear, but to corrupt the heart; That takes advantage of the chcarf ul hour, When weaken* d virtue bends to nature's pow'r, And would the goddefs in thy foul deface. To fubftitute difhonour in her place. With foch yeu loft the day in falfe delight, In lewd debauch you revel out the night ; (Ohl fatal commerce toMonimia's peace) Their arguments convince becaufe they pleafe : WhUft you for reafon, fophiftry admit, And wander dazzl'd by the glare of witt Wit, that on ill a fpecious luftre throws, And in falfe colours every object (hows ; That gilds the wrong,depreclating the right, And hurts the judgment whilft it feafts the fight s Thus in a prifm to the cheated eye, Bach pictured trifle takes a rainbow -dye 9 With borrowed charms the gaudy profped glows, But truth revers'dthe faithlefs mirror lhows, Inverted fcenes in bright conrufion lie, The lawns impending o'er the nether flcy, No juft, no real images we meet, But all the mining vifion is deceit. Oft I revolve in this diftracted mind, Each word, each look, that fpoke my charmer kind j But oh ! how dear their memory I pay ! What pleafure pa ft can prefent cares allay r" Of all 1 love for ever difpofleft, Ah f what avails t# think I once was bleft? Hard difpofition of unequal fate ! Mixt are our joys, and tranfient is their date, Nor can reflection bring their tafte again, Yet gives an after fting to every pain t Thy fatal letters, (oh ! immoral youth !) Thofe perjur'd pledges of fictitious truth, Dear as they were, no fecond joy afford j My cred'lous heart once leap'd at ev'ry ' word, [heav'd fighs j My glowing bofom throb'd with thick* And floods of rapture rufh'd into my eyesj When now repeatcd,(for thy theft was vain, Each treafur'd fyllable my thoughts retainj Far other paflions rule, and different care, My tears are grief, my tranfports are de- fpair. [love ? Why doft thou mock ail tyes of conftant But half his joys the faithlefs ever prove ; They only jaftethe pleafures they receive* When fure the nobleft is in thofe we give; Acceptance is the heav'n which mortals know, But 'tis the blits of angels to beftow t Ob Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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Poetical Ess ays in SEPTEMBER, 1753. 435 } Oh! emulate (my love !) that talk divine! Be thou that angel, and that heav'n be mine. Yet, yet, relent, yet intercept my fate ! Alas ! I rave, and fue for new deceit t At foon the dead (hall from the grave re- turn, AsIoveextinguiftYd, with new ardor burn. Oh ! that I dar'd to acl: a Roman part ! And ftah thy image in this faithful heart, Where, rivetted to life, fecure you reign, (A cruel inmate) (harpning ev'ry pain j But, coward-like, irrefolute, I wait Time'* tardy aid, nor dare to rufh on fate ; Perhaps may linger on life's lateft ftage, Survive thy cruelties, and fall by age. No; grief (hall fwell my fails, and fpeed me o'er (Defpair my pilot) to that quiet more, Where I can trud and thou betray no more. Might I but once agai n behold thofe charms, Might I but breathe my lad in thofe dear arms; On that lov'd face but fix my doling eye, Permitted, where I might not live, to die: My foftn'd fate I would accufe no more, But fate has no fuch happinefs in ftore t 'Tispadj 'tis done; what gleam of hope behind,- When I can ne'er be falfe nor thou be kind? Why then this care f 'tis weak j 'tis vain; — farewel — At that lad word what agonies I feel ? I faint 5 I die J— remember I was true s— *TU all 1 aflc '.—eternally adieu. Wrttttn en the firfl Leaf of Milton' j Para- dice Loft, that was fint to a Lady. YE gentle fair, Whom love of virtue warms, [yoer charms, Who foek by worthied deeds t'improve Heedful attend to Milton's facred fong, To you the dictates of his mofe belong : He for your ufe this well-wrought piece defign'd ; To pleafe and cultivate the human mind 1 Let then the poet your affection (hare, Your juft regard will well reward his care. Let Eve's unhappy fate the virgin warn, Who makes the guidance of mankind her fcorn, Who vainly fearful of a date unknown, Ventures to pafs thro' life's vaft wild alone. [marie r How wretched was our general mother Soon as from Adam's faithful fide (he ftray'd I [prove Oh ! think on this, ye fair, and hade to The joy and fafety of connubial love. The path of life's a dark and dangerous way; Alone who dire to tread it often dray : I: But man, wife man, (hall all your fteps dired, Guide you in doubts and in didrefs profed. Fix then your choice ; but let that choice be wife, Let Eve's example teach you to defpife The glozing (erpent's tongue, the outward (how, Of the pert coxcomb and the gaudy beau. The one like Satan, vers'd in treacherous wiles, By folly, drefs'd in wifdom's garb beguiles s . The other with fair form and fpecious mein, At firft with wonder and delight is feen 5 ; But tailed, like the fatal fruit is found, Deceitful, hurtful, bitter and unfound : Such for our fakes avoid, if not your"]' own, For by our poet's tale, *tis clearly mown, That man mud be, when woman is, undone. But let the wife, the brave, the generous (hare [care $ Your tendered love, and mod afitduous Thefe (hall thro' life their happy confortt pleafe, [with eafe. Give nights of joy, and crown their days Then (hall faU'n man refume his priftine date, And ProvOence revexfe his wretched fate 5 Then woman (hall her firft form'd grace maintain, And man, that Paradife he loft, regain ! A SPRING EVENING. THE weftern (kies with Phoebus* car are bright, [of night : And lengthning (Shadows (how th* approach Fir'd with the love of Thetis, iwift h< fpeeds, And urges on with hafte his foaming deeds. From ev'ry fpray, from ev'ry new-blown bu(h, The lark, the linnet, nightingale and thrum, With voice* fweet, the fongders of the air, To fing their great Creator's praife prepare. The new mown hay delightful fragrance yields, [fields. And nature decks with fmiling green the The orchards gay, Pomona's rural care, ^ With bloflbms fweet perfume the neigh- 1 bouring air j r The earneft of a coming plenteous year. 3 Expectant of the ruddy milk-maid's hand, The willing cows with dretch'd out udders dand.j [p^ With juice neaareous fill the flowing Strain'd from the herbs of yenrier fiow'ry dale. [fpi^ Thewhilftling fwain from work returning With pleafing hope, his future harveft rife; Defcending dews the gtowing blade re- fresh, And all things wear a face of chearfulnefs. Ilia TUB Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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THE Monthly Chronologer. of a Letttrfrcm tie ingenious Dr. Joust iniwg, of Charles-Town, South- Ca- rolina, dated May J 5. 'HAVE feveral times this feafon, when there wat an appearance cf a thun- der ftorm, fucceeded in making Mr. Franklin's experiment with a kite for drawing the lightning from clouds •, and laft Monday I repeat- ed the fame with remarkable fuccefs before many fpefrators. The flow of the elec- trical fluid, or of the matter of lightning, was fo rapid and copious down the line near feven hundred feet long, to the key appended at the lower end of the line, that from thence I obtained fparks of lightning as thick and long as the firft two joints of a man's little finger, and thefe as quick one after another as I could bring the loop of a wire, which I ufed for that purpofe, within about two inches of the key t And the mappings from the key were fo fmart and loud; that they were heard at the diftance of at leaft two hun- dred yards. A ten ounce phial coated was then properly fufpended by the key that it might be charged, but the flux of the electrical matter down the line was fo copious, that the phial was charged almoft as foon as it was hung to the key, and the furcharge continued flying off for a considerable time, from the end of the phiaPs hoop, making a very loud hifling noife. I then endeavoured, without tak- ing the phial off the key, to difcharge it in the ufual manner j but as foon as I brought the loop of the wire towards the coating of the phial, I received fuch a ihock up to my moulder that I failed in the attempt ; and before I could be fur- nimed with a longer wire to difcharge the phial without receiving a mock, all the cle&rical fluid, or lightning in the cloud, ' was drawn from thence and difcharged in the air, with a hifling noife from the ex- tremity of the phial's hook. A greater de- gree of ferenity foon fucceeded, and no more of the awful noife of thunder, be- fore expected, was heard. • To this it may be proper to add the fol- lowing extract of a letter from Peter f- b'oiirg, dated Aug. 7, to (hew what cau- tion ought $9 be ufsd in thefe experiments. • Suttr Mag. for " We had an odd accident happened here yefterday : A profeflbr was making electrical experiments, when it thundered and lightened, in his garden, and was fttuck dead by a flam of Are that came from the iron. A man who flood quite clofe to him got feveral ftrokes with the wires, which made feveral deep cuts in his back crofs one another. I am juft come from feeing the profeflbr's body : He has got a large red fpot on the top of his- head, another on the left brcaft, and a black one on his foot.** L The total account of the fuccefs of the Britim veflels this feafon at Greenland is as follows, viz. Sh. Wh. Barrowftounefs s be made to France for /hips taken by the Englifh during the war with Spain. Of all which matters, fosie may poffi- bly be adjufled by treaty, and fome deci- ded by the fword. A fine monument has been put up, on the north fide of Batterfea church, to tba, memory of the late lord vifcQjmt Boting* broke, done by Roubiliiac, with'tlris to- fcriptioo : Hfft Uft year, p* 6c 7* Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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i75* ** MONTHLY Her* lies HENRY St. JOHN j In tht reign of queen Anne Secretary of war, fecretary of date, and vifcovnt Bolingbroke. In the days of king Oeorge I. and king George II, Something more and better. HU attachment to queen Anne Bxpofcd him to a long and fevere perfe- cution ; He bore it with firmncft of mind. He pafltd the latter part of his life at home, The enemy of no national party 5 The friend of no faction. Dutfoguifh'd under the cloud of aprofcrip- tion, Which had not been entirely taken off, By zeal to maintain the liberty. And to reftore the an tie at profperity Of Great Britain. In the fame vault Are interr'd, the remains of Mary Clara das Champs de Marfllly, Marchioncft of Villette, and vifcountefs Bolingbroke, Born of a noble family, Bred in the court of Lewis XIV. She reflected a luftre on the former, By the fuperior accomplishments of her mind j She was an ornament to the latter, By the aimable dignity and grace of her behaviour. She lived The honour of her own fex, The delight and admiration of ours. She died An object of imitation to both, With all the firmncfs that reafon, With all the resignation that religion Can infpire. Mary Clara das Champs de Marfilly, marchionefs de Villette, and vifcountefs Bolingbroke, whofe character is given in the above infcription, was relict of the marquis de Villette, and niece to the ce- lebrated madam de Main tenon, wife of Lewis XIV. Her fortune, according to Voltaire, was " fcarcely any thing j (he bad little elfe, fays the author, be fides expectations j and has often told me, that me reproached her aunt for doing Co Kttle for her family." Her uncommon en- derftanding, however, made up for this deficiency, and madam de Maintenon, in her letters lately published, accordingly (tiles her " the mod fenfible perfon among her female relations.** Saturday, Sept. 1. The grand jury for the county of Sur- rey found a bill of indictment againft the keepers of Richmond park, for refuting eeaain perfont admittance therein. Se- venteen of the jury were ftr the bill and CHRONOLOGER. (See our Mag. 4S7 forlaft feven againft it. yw, p. 35S.) MONDAY, J. Sufanna Bruford. of Mounton near Taunton, was burnt at Cure- Green near Wells, for potfoning her hofband, who was a farmer of good repute. A little before her execution, me declared that the .beginning of her misfortune was a too near intimacy with an attorney's clerk, who feduced her when (he had been to fee fome fire- works at Taunton. She behaved very, penitently, and ac- knowledged the juftice of her fentence. The Hafiemere caufe, at Kingfton af- fixes, between Mr. Burrell and general Oglethorpe, on one fide, and Mr. Moli- neux and Mr Webb, on the other, lafted 13 hours, when a verdict was given for the bailiff in the in te reft of the two for- mer gentlemen, except in one point, which was, whether he had qualified him- felf conformable to the corporation and teft acts, and that point, by agreement of both parties, was found fpecial. Monday, 10. The feflions ended at the Old. Bailey, when the 5 following malefactors receiv- ed fentence of death, viz. John Harris and Philip Wilfon, for a burglary : Han~ nah Wilfon, for Stripping and, robbing an infantinWhitechapel-road: Edward John- . fon, for a burglary : And Mary Rimas, for (tearing a guinea privately from the perfon of Anne Wheately. Thomas Grevil, John Gibbon and WiU liam Clark, the three Abbot/bury men, who fwore in favour of the gipfey on her trial about Canning's affair, were acquit- ted of the perjury for which they had been indicted. The three lri(hmen for the rape on the oyfter-woman were difcharged. (See p. Monday, 17. This night, about nine o'clock, as Mr. Crouch, cook to the earl of Harrington, was riding to town from Peterfham, he was ftopt by the Gravel- pits on the king's roads near Bloody- Bridge, by two foot- pads, who pulled him off his horfe, and on his refinance fired two piftols at Mm ; he drew a large knife he had in his pocket and very much wounded one of them* the blood running on him : After he was down, they wrtffed the knife from him, and altnoft ripped his belly up, and cut and wounded him in feveral parts of his body $ but fome perfons coming by, he was carried to St. George's hofpital, where his wounds were dreflTed, and he fent home to his houfe in Green-itreet, Grof- venor-fquare : The villains took his watch and money, and jumped feveral times on his body. The next day Ue died of l»ir 5 wounds j Digitized by LiOOQ IC

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43« MARRIAGES, BIRTHS, &c. Sept, wounds ; and two foldiers were ta.ken.up and committed on account of the (aid murder and robbery. ) Thvisday, ao. At a general court of the governor and company of the Bank of England, a di- vidend of 1 1 per cent, was declared for. the half year .ending the 10th of October next. Whitehall, Sept. 22. A convocation or parliament of tinncn met at Truro in the county of Cornwall, on Tuefday the nth inftant, in order to confirm the an- cient laws, rights and privileges of the ftannaries, and to pafs feveral new laws Which were prepared in July, 1752. All thefe laws were accordingly figned by John Hearle, Efq; vice- warden of his majefty's ftannaries in Cornwall, and by twenty -three ftannators then prefent. After which an humble addrefs of thanks to his majefty was unanimoufly agreed upon ; which addrefs being tranf- mittcd to the earl of Waldegrave, warden of the ftannaries, was by him prcfented to his majefty. Thursday, 27. Both houfes of parliament met, accord- ing to their lad prorogation, when a pro- clamation was ordered to be iflucd for theif meeting on the 1 5th of November for the difpatch of bufinefs. The fame day, at a court of common- council at Guildhall, it was ordered, That the town-clerk do wait upon the mem- bers of parliament for this city, and ac- quaint them, tha^ it is the earneft rcqueft of the faid court, that they would feve- rally ufe their bed endeavours to obtain a repeal of the late ad in favour of the Jews. Friday, a3. Thomas Chitty, Efq; alderman of Tower ward, and Matthew Blackifton, Efq; alderman of Bimopfgate ward, the two new (heriffs, were this day fworn in at Guildhall, with the ufual formality ; and on the Monday following they were fworn in at Weftminfter. (See p. 292.) Satuiday, 29. Edward Ironfide, Efq; alderman of Cordwainers ward, was eleded lord- mayor of London for the year enfuing. At the aflizcs at Maidftone 3 received fentence of death, at , Norfolk affixes 2, at Warwick 2, at Hereford 2, at Glou- cefter 4, at Kingfton upon Thames 3, at Wells 4, among whom were James Poul- ter, alias Baxter, for a highway robbery, (fee p. 429.) and Sufannah Bruford for poifoning hcrhulband, who was executed as above-mentioned ; at Newcaftle up- on Tine 3, for a rape and murder ; at Carlifle 4, at Briftol 2, and bills of in- dictment for high-treafon were found a- "ainft two of the late rioters ; at Apple* by, one Hodgfon, a taylor, was condemn- ed and executed, for poifontng a foldier** wife near Kendal ; at Shrewsbury 2 war* capitally convided, at Durham 2. Masiiacii and Biitss. Aug. 27. TJ T. Hon. Charles Areflcine IV of Alva, lord juftlce clerk, to Mrs. Maxwell of Prefton. William Wild, Efq; of Langley, Books, to Mils Isabella Cruden, of the tame place. 30. Hon. Robert Butler, brother to' lord vifc. Lanciborough, in Ireland, to Mrs. Stoyte, daughter of Dr. Howard, late bifhop of Elphin. Thomas Knox, Efq; to the Hon. Miff Vefey, daughter of lord Knapton, in Ire* land. Sept. 4. Major Campbell Dalrymple, of gen. ChoImondely*s reg. of dragoons, to Mifs Dowglafs. 7. Mr. Gregorie, of Campvere in Zea- land, merchant, to Mifs Macaulay, daugh- tor of Archibald Macaulay, Efq; confer- vator of the Scotch privileges in the Ne- therlands. John Maria* Efq; of Darlington in the county of Durham, barrifter at law, to Mifs Betty Smart of the fame place, a 15,000 fortune. . 10 William Richards, of the loner- Temple, Efq; to Mifs Margaret Glavcl, of Smedmore in Dorfetwire. 18. Francis Wheeler, Efq; of the In- ner-Temple, to Mifs Jenny Smith, daugh- ter of Abel Smith, Efq; of Nottingham. 23. Robert Gibfon, Efq; of the Inner* Temple, to Mifs Hartley of Reading in Berks. 25. Mr. Derby, apothecary in Hol- bourn to Mifs Kitty Owen, of Clay UilL Aug. 30. The lady of Daniel Matthews, Efq; delivered of a daughter. Sept. 2. The lady of John Borlace Warren, Efq; of a fon. Countefs of Berkely, of a fon. 7. Lady Charlotte Conyers, daughter of the late earl of Pomfret, of a fon. The lady of Sir Francis Seabright, Bart, of a fon. The lady of Sir Rowland Stanley, Bart, of Hooton in Chefhire, of a fen and heir. 12. The lady of col. Thomas, and lifter to the earl of Albemarle, of a fon. 20. Countefs of Powis, of a daughter. The lady of Sir Edward Hawke, knight of the bath, of a fon. 22. Countefs of Scarborough, of a fon and heir. Deaths. Aug. 26. Q T. Hon. Robert Pondas, of tV Arnifton, lord prefident of the court of feffion in Scotland. 30. Mr. deputy Thomas Northey, an eminent apothecary on Bread-ftreet hill. 3*« Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1753' DEATHS, PROMOTIONS, BANKRUPTS. 439 31. Lord vifcount Coke, member of parliament for Harwich, and only fan of the earl of Leicetter, joint poft. matter- general with Sir Everard Faukener. John OUver, Efqj deputy- governor of Windfor- cattle for 30 years paft. Mr. John Holland, filverfmith, without l&Aopfgate, many years dep. of that ward. William Owynn Vaughan, Efqj at. his feat in Brecon/hire, which county he re- pre fen ted in three feveral parliaments. Sept. 2. Sir Henry Bacon, Bart, at Beccles in Suffolk. Hon. John Tomlinfoa, Ifq} deputy- govenor of Antigua. 4. Richard Bulkley, Efq; at his houfe on Winifrid-plain, near Windfor, fome time mice a great brewer in Old ttreet. Hon. Sir Andrew Fontaine, Knt. vice- chamberlain to her late majefty queen *w#fc' "\ w "cuu ana "arvcy Smith Caroline, warden of his majefty's mint, Pnt: 5° ** cor,1?^n/. the f*W reg.-Ne and a great antiquary. 5"n*h p>nc«an, "Eft,; 'to be major to — - - - - the king s own reg. of foot, commanded PaouoTiONS Civil and Military. From tb< London Gazettx. WHITEHALL, Sept. 1. The king has appointed the Rt. Hon. the •arl of A/hburnham to be ranger and keeper of St. James' s- park. - Robert Grylls, Efqj to be governor of Dart- mouth catties and block- houfes.- John Wells, Efqj to be capt. of a "company in the third reg. of foot-guardv Montagu Blomer, Efq5 to be capt. lieut. to ano- ther comp. of the faid .reg. John Smith, Efqj to be bent, and Jehnfton, to be enfign in the faid reg— George Eyre, Efqj to be capt. of a troop in the royal reg. of horfe-guards, George New- ton, Efqj to be capt. lieut. to another troop in the faid reg. Hungerford Bland, gent, to be lieut. and Harvey Smith, The lady of count Steinberg, by an ac- count from Hanover, fitter to the Rt. Hon. the countefs of Yarmouth. 10. Rev. Dr. Steward, 'minitter of a differing congregation at Bury St. Ed- mund's, in the 84th year of his age. 11. The worfliipful William Stratford, Efqj LL. D. commiflary of the archdea- conry of Richmond. 1*. Thomas Le Gendre, Efq; of Wal- thamttow, a gentleman of a large fortune. 19. Mr. John Woodbridge, a wine- merchant, and one of the common- coun- cil-men of Tower ward. EcCLSSlASTICAL PtlFERMlNTS. From the London Gazbtti. THE king has appointed John Mor- gan, clerk, to be chaplain to the governor and commander in chief in the jfland of Minorca. From the other Pafzi s. Mr. Thomas Darkin, prefented by earl Fitxwilliams, to the living of Odfon- Moor in Lincoln/hire. — Mr. Thomas Bateman, to the redory of Winch- Monkton in Cumberland. —Dr. Webber, and Mr. WUkes, by the dean and chaprer of Exeter, the former to the vicarage of Mynhinnet, and the latter to the vicarage of St. Conftantia, both in Cornwall.— Vr. Townfoend, brother to lord vifcount Townfliend, made a prebendary of Weft- uiinfter-abbey.— Henry Dawes, M. A. prefented by the earl of Pembroke, to the re&ory of Wilton St. Mary in Wilt- Ihire Stanley, M. A. by the earl «f Derby, to the reflory of tcclcton in I-ancafliire, a living worth 600I. per Ann. — Mr. Fox, chofen lecturer of the united paxilhes of St. Swithin London ltone and St. Mary Botha w. — Richard Samfon, B. A. to the rectory of Thame-Ditton in Yorkshire. by lieut. gen. Wolfe, and likewife to be a capt. of a company in the faid reg. Fran- cis Wilkinfon, Efqj to be capt. of ano- ther company in the fai< reg. John Cor- rance, Efqj to be a capt. lieut. Thomaa Backhoufe, gent, lieut. and Adams, gent, to be enfign in the faid regiment. Whitehall Sept. 8. Henry Conyngham, of Mount-Charles, Efqj created baron of MountCharles in Ireland Sir John Sa- ville, knight of the Bath, created baron Pollington of Longford in Ireland.— Wit liam Yorke, Efqj made chief juftice of the common-pleas in Ireland. Whitehall, Sept. 25. The king has ap- pointed Sir James Gray, Bart, to be his majefty's envoy extraordinary to the kin* of the Two Sicilies. From the other Paters. Earl of Rothes made governor of Dun- cannon-cattle — Lieut, col. Thomas Bn- denell, appointed lieut. governor of Wind- for^caftle, by the earl of Cardigan who is governor — William Arundel, Efqj made a capt, in col. Leighton's reg. of foot. B— Kl — TS. AMBROSE Marfljall, of London- budge, ribbon-weaver.— John Sax- on, late of Sunderland in the county of* Durham, mercer.— Thomas Grubb, of the parifh of St. Clement-Danes, viflual- Jer.— James Bainbrigg, of Leeds in York- shire, tobacconitt — Paul Savignac and Judith Savignac, of Carmalton in Surrey, . leather-dreffers and partners.— Jofias Jo- hannot, of Deptford in Kent, paper- maker. — Thomas Bagnall, of Upping- ham in Rutlandshire, grocer — William Stafford, of Whifton in Yorkshire, gro- cer and fiaxdreffer. — John Tcrrey, of Aylrtiam in Norfolk, grocer, mercer, and draper. Paieis {Foroi^ affairs, and Catalog of h*k,s "%^byG0OgIe

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* -V «"■' " 4 I > , » m i.i ■ i - i ■ * iThe London Magazine: For O CTOBE R, 1753. iL Vo be Continued. (iVi-e bix t^cc each Mo::tb ) C orwaimm^ (Greater Variety, and more 'in Quntttity, than any Monthly, Book of tbej'qme Pnc jl t-» - /• • tt ./■ e^ y-> "i-TV IV ''''ft ... . ■■——•»■ I. A Difcourfe in Honour of St. George, II. Method for preventing Duels. III. Defc:iption of the County of Dorset. IV. Summary of la ft Seifton of Parliament.- V. Two Leturs from the World. V«- Anfwer to the By-ftander on the Jews VII- The Journal of a Learned and Poli- tical Clu», Sec continued : Containing \^%c Spijicmes of T. Herminius and L. Bellienus on the Marriage BJ1. VXJI- Of the Improvement of Land, with proper Remarks. IX. How to preferve Fruit. X.! The Proteficr, concerning Peers, and the famous Peerage Bill. XI.' Anfwer to the Reply to Mr. Home aboub a Vacuum. • , XIK How.the Venetians loft their LiNerties.' XIII. Our Pantomimes cenfured and ridi- culed- 1 XIV. Of obtaining Floorers in Winter. XV. A Defcription of Richmond in York- shire. , XV I. Mathematical Que ft ions and Solutions. XVII. Cirenccfter Addrefc, *c. XVIII. Powers of the human MincJ. XlX. Projectors ^indicated. £X. Treaty with the Fanree Nation. XXI. Dukoof Dorfet's Spcsch at the Open- ing of the Iriift PajlUmenJ; XXli. Pcztry: The Diamond, a Fable : Hymn to Contentment $ 10, a Lad/ . viy- ing a Vifit in the Character of a Eer-ar for a Convene j to Mr. Foote, on his new Comtdyj to the ^ui'iorof the Receipt onmodermDiefs j Mom. A-hr-modc, by aLariyj on Difiontentj VV'cflon Mufes, a oon^ j Epiaieto the Lord M.v/or: Pro- . [o-ue written by Mr. Garrick, and fpoke . by Mr. Foote; from nn Aii.iqua.v in lewn to a Jl.other Antiquary in' the . Ccajjtr> j.a pifticlitfathe-Emprefc Queen, tranflated, and parap.'uaitd : anew Son*. vfct to Mulic'-, &c.« ^XIII. i :w; Mokthiy CH«a?»oLOft!cr. : bef.ions at the Old Sailey } Malefactors executed, &c. &e.- . - XXIV Promotions ? Martians and Births ; Death* i Bankrupt*. ' XXV. Frices of Stocri^for eack Bay. ^»VJ. Monthly Bill of Mortality. XAVII. Foreign a f r a i r s. XXVilf. Catalogue of Book*. ' With a new and correct Map of DORSETSHIRE, and a Heauiifn! Prospect of RICHMOND in YORKSHJRE, nea»ly engraved. M U LT U M I //■ PAR i: 0. LGNBON : Printed for R. Baldwin, jurr. r.r the Rote in P.::cr-i\o::tr-Ko»y Of.wbom may be had, compleat Sets from the BeginninR to this Time, neatly ^und or Stitc h*d, or any fingle ,Iwonth to eomj^cja^ Set*. * Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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CONTENTS. ADifeourfe In honour of St. George* the famous Englilh patron ' 443 Two letters from the paper, entitled, Tbe Wot t » 445 Oar pantomines cenfured and ridiculed ibid* To Mr. Foete, on his new comedy, enti^ tied, Tbe Engfi/bman st Psris 446 A defcription of Dorfetfliire 446 — 44S Of the county in general 446 Lime Regis and Bridg port defcribed ibid. Weymouth end Melcomb Regis, Dorchef- ter, Wareham, Ac. 447 t The idea of Pur beck and Portland 447, 448 Pool, Blandford, Shaftibury, Ac. 44! The Jo vt hal of a learned and political Club, dec. continued' 449—456 ilk ten of T. Herminius againft the marriage bill 449 That it may tend to introduce an ariAo- cracy ibid. pinefonce between the houses of torde end commons, with regard to their consti- tutional power 450 How the Venetians loft their liberties 450, 45* That the bill will tend to hinder marriages among the poorer fort * 451. A Sri ten of L. Bellienusin favour of the bill 45* Pra&ice of the Dutch with regard to mar- riages 454, 454 Objections againft the bill aniwercd 454, 455 Remarks on the By-ftander in* relation to the Jews bill 456 Anfwcr to the reply to Mr. Home about a vacuum 459 * ExtraA from Tbe PieTBiTi* 460 Opinions in relation to the peerage 461 Of the famous peerage biU, with the ar- guments for and againft it 461 D, 462 Of thetimprovement of land, with proper remarks 463 How to preierve fruit ibid. D A defcription of Richmond in Yorkshire 464 A fummary of the moil important affairs in the laft (cfion of parliament, con- cluded 464—470 Of the militia bill, and the pawnbrokers bill 464 The Jamaica bill, andcambiickand French lawns bill 465 BiU tor regiftring the number of people, Ac. 466 Petition* of the frame-Work knitters **¥, 4*7 Petitions againft the bad naff-pence 467 G, 46* Petition of the ftigar refiners, ftc 46S Affair of the King's-Bench priibn 460 A mathematical queftkm 470* How to obtain frelh blown flowers in win- ter abidL Of the powers of the human mind 470* 47* An efl&y upon duels, ami a method pro* pofed for preventing them 471 C, 47a* Solution of an arithmetical question ob- jected to 47 J Cirencefter addrefs to their reprefenta- tives about the lew's ad 473*G, 474. What fort of projectors art to be com- mended 47f Pot tit. The pleauare of a ingle life, a new fong, fet to mn6ek 47* A country dance absd. The diamond, a fable 477 From an antiquary in town, ton brother antiquary in the country ibid. A diftich oa the emprefe-queen, tranfla- ted, and parnpttrafcd 47S Hymn to contentment ibid. An epiftle to the Rt. Hon. the lord-mayor ibid. Wefton mtrics, a fong* 47* To a lady paying a vifit in the character of a beggar for convents 480 To the author of the receipt for modem drefs ibid. Monfieur A-la-mode, by a lady 4(1 On difcontent, to Stella Ibid* The MomtiltCni«wolmii 4!* Treaty between England and the Fantee nation, at Cape-coaft-caftle ibid. Malefactors executed 4S3, 4S4 Duke of DoHet's fpeecfa to the Irim par- liament 4S3 Semens at the Ok) Bailey 4S4 A memento wrkcen on a uvern window ibid. Prologue written by Mr, Carrick, and (poke by Mr. Foote ibid. Marriages and births 48c Deaths ibid. Ecclefiaftical preferments ibid. Foil low Affaiis 4ft A catalogue of books 487 Prices of ftocks and grain ; wind, wea- ther '4** Monthly biH of mortalitv ibid. Am Mmhotr to tbe jueflim in mavrgttien (ball be in w next \ ds alfa tbe tpifiU to 0 frioieS M*ibt &c. &c. We toil/ ctmfider of Mr. Rb—%* vrrfts, but dtfirt fir tbe future be urnli write mart like a gaitJeman, and not be fe wry angry* ADVERTISEMENT. An Sorts of A L M A N A CK S for the Year 1754, witt be mibtiflted together at Stati«w1is»Hai.s, on Tut/day, November to, 1753. Digitized by CjOOQ LC

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THE London Magazine. OCTOBER, 1753. *T© the Atthor of the Low eeit Magazinx. S I R, Sf pmfloafe to fujG^ >« y*wr «/ng, that it derived feme trvpstious influent* pom the faint it related to. Let us now examine thefe new principles 1 their wit and learning 5 B of St. George, which our author has to sfuch an one has lately appeared under the dogmatically aflerted title of A iiffertation upon the eaue/hi an figure of St. George and the Garter, eiulgns of 4>ur rooft noble Engliih order, wherein we aire told, that what (for many ages) has been taken for the figure of St. George on tiorfeback, is nothing elfe but an Egyptian feieroglyphick. The learned author of this happy dif- «overy, it foems, is a member of the late incorporated focicty of Antiquaries of London, by whole charter St. George's 4ay is appointed the anniverfary of the Society, and from this comttffioa, fays the author, St. George* s day may ftem to have a The slrft foundation our learned author builds upon, is, That there is not fvfficicnt grounds to believe there ever was Jueh a per f on as St. George* Yet, he admits the menwy of St. George Was very early ? and much re- garded in the Eafi. This notion he feems C to have conceived from an opinion, that our St. George, a knight of Cappadocia, was no other than the Asian heretick, George bifhop of Alexandria : But tbcfe are both ftalc objections, long ago refuted by the learnc* Sclden, who by a cloud of witoefies, and by many teftimonies, both of the eaftern and we/tern churchei, has right to the notice of the foetety : Hence the v% proved the identity of our St. George t Attestation may likewife feera to have their ** nor is there (fays he) any warrant, but mere fancy, for (uppoflng that our St. George was the Anan George j that the Arian was a Cilician, not a Cappadecian^ and that nothing deduced out of the ftonf of George the Arian, doth in the teaft degree, if rightly confidercd, impeach the truth of the martyrdom of our St. George, imayl }>ubUck (an&ien, which, however, I hope it ha* not. Another reafen the author jtives, for writing upon a ftibje& that, he ■»y»> may perhaps he thought of no great tm- fcrtsmce, is, the relation ithears to the Engltfh 'bifUry, and to the nehlefl military order in the %vcrU. From this connection, and this re. lation, he has yrvy judtcioufly dedicated £ which is placed under Diocletian, 70 years the work to his Majefty, as (bvereign of the mott noble order ot St. George, and iojtnder and patron of the feciety of An- tiquaries 5 considering, no doubt, that a work, tending fo eminently to promote #bf honour of St. George, muft propor- Mobcr* 1753. before the other : Nor doth it appear, <ays he, that the Arian was ever woraippc^ as a faint j ngr doth the place brought to prove it fo much out of Epiphanies, war* rant, with any colour, any fuch matter. Why mould we now (continues he) begin Kkkjs * fk Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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• 444 0/ St. GEORGE */* EwGtisH Patrow, Oft. lo to confound into one thefe two, who gin Maryy and St. George patrm of tbertmfm lor abov« 1300 y«ar» time have been re- of England, and for that reafon made pa* membred, tiie owt as a faint and mairyr, tron of the order. God and St. George vr*S the oth- r as a wicked heretick ? And here the ufual word with our victorious arrrfics ; >«r ingenious aurhor of the Difiertarion but I never heard, that by tlus invocation, app.ars incontinent with himfclf, by fup- any fupernatural : j--% fays he, St. George / ad ary com- the only amulet ', the only part of the talif- tr.ai.J in tie Cu-xK.lr) ; and tbir: is r.o rrahn to mcr.t ck apparatus of St. George', which they he ytvtn ulv a jo/Jier jbould be reprinted ufed ; a Jigti given us at our baptifm, ill raucr on lo'ifl/ck tlan on foot. 1 fuppofe token of our chriftian profeffion. ^Tor<fO Jie does not think it abfolutely necefiary « 1 fjnj pur clergy object to this, to the re-, to br af.eriair.ee!, whether he was a ge- ligious ceremonies of the garter, or to r.cral, lieutenant, major, or brigadier-gene- any other, that ferve either to fupport the ral ; hut, that he was a foldier and a church hierarchy, or bring advantage to knight, is acknowledged by all the writers them, becaufe they are derived from that mention him ; and a» fuch he could popery. not be p.«v;t.!y represented but on horfe- Another motive with oor author for back : And our author himfelf obferves, thinking the George an amulet, is, that frcr.i it Amh-ofc an-i Baronius (fpeaking q the Fgypuam, he fays, ufed vpom their mmi- of the Eq^eiliian n~ure of St. George) let: , the exprejfs figure whteb we nno call Su th.it KO^.f ".'.v add be ttt^de cf l:r*t b:ing George fiaying tU dragon, and to prove it, Jvijftil a f 'dur a*..: a w.m&r.der ; and it gives draughts of both , by which ocular is' fait!, he was not only a knight and demonfi ration, there appears to be as cotrrr.andtr, but a coent at the time of much dirTeicnce as well can, between m« his ma;tyrdom. and horfes, a ferpent and a dragon, or, aa # Kc .3 not fcfs miftr.k<n in his definition in fact it is, between an Egyptian amulet of an order. A ;•../.»*«// ctdtr, iayt hs, Is and the onfjgn of St. George. re other tl an a Judality of men, who put ilm- & But as a proof that the figure of St. Jtlves utid*r tit fn.-eeiiun rf an ung-i or faint, G#orge was not antiently worn by the by w cfe pwcrj u I inter pcfi ion they txptfi -vie- knights of the garter, <ts an amulet or talif' Ury oi:rrtfcirer*ric: : But a military cder man, derived from the caflern kicr^g!ypb;eksk js femethi..^ more than this. All military and adopted by the fuperjiition of our fort' orders coi.f.ft of two parts, the military fatbirs, both Ammole and Anftis agree, and the icligi^ui: the military is the prin- t! -at the figure of St. George was not an- cipal part, and mull confift of a foveieign, tiently worn by the knights as an enfign % and a certain nuiu'icr of knights, govern- g of the order. I do not find, fays Mr. An- ed hy ttatu'cs, and continued by a rc^u- rtis, :bj: irjlar.ee of rejptel Jktzvn bim by our Jar fucweffior ; theft; are eflcotials to every aKtnnt companions of this order : He is o| oider, by which it appear*., an order is a opinion, the collar of the order was not fodality of & tights, and not under -the pro- inflitutea* before the latter end of king tecHcn of a faint but afvA-eignj there- Henry 7th, and much about the fame ligious part is acceirary only: In the time, it is probable, the George came into Saxon times, churchmen affpmed the ufe j which, nevcrthejefs, was' not ap- powcr of conferring knighthood, from pointed to be worn as an enfign of the whence many fupcrflitious ceremonies are P order, till the 13th of king Henry the 3th, - derived 4 but thi* practice was reflraiued when it was decreed in chapter, that every foon arter the couqutfl : Neverlhelefs, tm'glt jhottld wca* the image of St. Getrge military orders being confidered as chri- (not as an amulet or talisman, but) t$ flian inftitutiuns, and partly for the dc- diflir.gJJJj tbcw.f cm ethers. fence of chniliaiuty, there was a concur- The fame hypotliefis he ha* purfued rence of military and religious (fays Afhr with icfpect to the garttr, which he calls ruclc) cf divine affiitance and military in- part of tbt fame tahftnamtical dpparatus,lho\*%h rluUry i the one to fight, and the other tq Q nothing moie than an emblem of unity pray for fuccefs upon their arn;s. All and concord. We may with as mucfc ihnftian foctetiei, as well as churches, propriety apply the amulet to the gown veie anciently dedicated to fome f»int. and catfbek, and every thing elfe that is |t was a c'iriflian rather than a fuperfti- worn to distinguish the different orders ojf jicus cuftom. The fociety of% the gaiter men from each pther, J^a.s inflicted to the Un'.ur of God, t^eFtf- . feo$ Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1^5 J. -?w LtTTBRs/r^ /& WORLD. 445* Two Letters y*w* tbt WORLD, of comedy. But it grieves me* io an eh- » Ofi. 15. tertainment fo near per fed ion, toobferv** certain indelicacies and indecorums, which*, T« Mr. FitxAbam. though they never fail of. obtaining the , SIR, approbation of the galleries, muil be ex-* IF it would not Uft medltng with religion tremely offenfive to the politcnefs of the* (a fuhjtfft which ycu have decrartd boxes. The indelicacies I mean, are, the , againft touching vpon) I with you would ^ frequent wriglings of Harlequin's tail,, recommend it to all retfors, vjcars, and and the affront that Pierrot is apt to put. enrates of ptriihes, to omit in the prayer, upon the modeAy of Columbine, by commonly ufed in the pulpit before fcr- foraetime* fuppofing, in his fearches for, mon, the petition for )ews, Turks, and htr lover, that ihe has hid him under. Infidels. For as the Jews, fince a late her petticoats. That fuch a fuppofiuon, aft of parliament, are juftly detefUd hy would be allowable in comedy, I am, the whole nation ; and as it is fhrewdly very ready to own 5 the celebrated Mrs. funded that a bill is now in agitation Behn having given us in reality what, far naturalizing the Turks, wife men are B j5 here only fuppofed. In a play of that of opinion that it is no bufmefs of ours delicate lady**, the wife to conceal ht$ to 'be contiuually recommending fuch gallant from h«r huiband, not only hides people in our prayers. Indeed, as for the him under her petticoats, but, as Trail* Infidels, who are only our own-people, did by Hudibras, ftraddles over him, and Ifhould make no fcruple of praying for holding her huiband in difoourfc, walk* them, if I did not know that perfons of backwards with her lover to the deor; fcfhion do not care to hear themfelve* where with a gentle kwefkick ihe <Bf- named fo very particularly in the face of q miflcs him from his hiding place. But a congregation. I have the honour of an that the chafte Columbine mould be fc£* acquaintance with a lady of very fine un- peeled of fuch indelicacy, or that Pierrot demanding, who afTuies me, that the would be Co audacious as to attempt , the* above mentioned prayer is abfolutely as examination of premifes fo faxred, is * terrible to her as being churched in public : folicifm in Pantomime. Another impuw for that fhe never hears the word Infidel rity that gives me almoft equal offence, - mentioned n om the pulpit, without fancy- is, Harlequin's tapping the neck or bofom mg herfelf Hie ftare of the whole rabble of of his miftrefs, and then kifiing his fin- believers. ' -^gers. I am apprehenfive that this behas As it is certainly the duty of a clergy- viour is a little bordering upon wanton- man to avoid giving offence to his pari- nefs 5 which in the charade r of Hark* fhioners ; or.d as our hatred to the Jews, quin, who is a foreigner, and a fine genUe* our alarms about the Turks, aid the mo- man, and every thing agreeable, is as ab- defty of perfons of quality, are not to be fUrd, as it is immodett. eve* come, I beg that you will not only When thefe reformations can be brought infert this letter in the World, but that about, every body muft allow that a Pan«j you win alfo give it as your opinion, that £ tomime will be a moft rational andin- the petition Ihould be omitted. I am, Aruclive entertainment : and it is to be SIR, hoped that none but principal performer* Your moft humble fervant, will be fuffered to have a part in ir. How I* M. pleafed would the town be this winter to Mr- Fite- Adam, read in one of the articles of news in the NOW the theatres are open, and the Public Advertifer, «« We hear that at each town is in high txpeftation of fee- of the theatres royal there is an entire ing pantomimes performed to the greatefl « new Pantomime now actually in rehearr advantage, it would not be improper if p fal, and that the principal parts are to be you were to give us a paper upon that performed by Mr. Garrick, Mr. Wood- fu^jedi. Your predeceffer the Spectator, ward, Mr. Moffop, Mrs.Cibber and Mrs. and the Tatler before him, ufed frequently Pritchard at Dfury Lane ; and at Covent- to animadvert upon theatrical entertain- Garden by Mr. Quin, Mr. Luei; Mr. pnents ; but as thofe gentlemen happened Barry, Mi fs Nofliter, &c." It is not t* to have no talents for pantomime, and be doubted that a Pantomime fo acled were partial to fuch entertainments as would run through the Whole feafon to themfclves were able to produce, they G the politcft as well as mod crowded au- treated the nobler competitions with un- diences. Indeed, I have often wondered warrantable freedom. Happy is it for us, at the good humour of the town, that that we live in an age of rajfe, when the they can bear to fee night after night fo dumb eloquence, and manual wit and elegant an entertainment, with only one humour of Harlequin is juftly preferred to pejiormer in it of real reputation, Jfoe whining of tragedy, or the vulgarity ft Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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446 A DiscRfPTtow ^DORSETSHIRE. OA. It wit ▼try well ©bftrved by t pcrfon from north to fouth, making in circum- •f es tjrro* ev'ry part, many forts of ufctel earths, cfjpeciaHy That charms, that tooths, that captivates tobacco-pipe day/ which U dug about the heart. [eafe, Pool and Wareoam, and tent as far at *Tis thine, oh Foo-r* ! with a peculiar Charier and London. The county givet AtosM»tolafti,t*inftruaus,andtopleaifli| title of duke to the family of Sackeilk. So tweet, yet poignant, all your fatiret g The boroughs, towns, and other placet *ow, [know 1 ^ of nou, ari w followt 1 That patiently from you our faults we ,. Lime, or Ume Regis, 1x4 computed, Thedunce, thefribbte, the affeaed wit, ami 156 mee^rted miles W. from London. ChaftisM by you, moft flfently fubmitj ft is fituate at the very entrance into this •tin may Britannia, with a grateful fenffe, county from Devonfhlre, ftand* on a high Thy snatchkft labours ftrive to recom- fttep rock, end has a fmall river running pence t through it, over which it has a bridge, at Thus eVry error we in time mall find, B is a famous fea.port and borough, and has And Footk ftill prove a mirror to man- F , market on Saturday. It is governed by kind. * mayor, recorder, Ac. and fendt two J- C P. members to parliament, who now are iiww^.;nnH?T8HittP, Robert Henley and Henry Fane, Efitnj. «af D"""*!*** */ DORSET* HIR Ei Thc harbour h defended by a fort, ami Wttk a mw ml***** Ma** fca8 a pj^ ]yin$ k qulrter ^ a jnae DORSETSHIRE, or the county of from the town, which has fcarce its equal Dorfet, is a maritime county ib the in EngUnd. That part of the town next weft of England^ bounded on the eaft by Q the fea is fo low, that at fome tides the Hampfhire, on the weft by Devon/hire, houfes are wafhed 10 or 1 a feet high. on the north by Wiltshire and part of a. Iridport, 7 miles E. from Lime, at Somerfetfhire, and on the fouth by the a little diftance from the Chore, between tnglifh or Britim channel. It lies in the two fmatl rivers. It (lands in a low dirty eViocefc of Briftol, is about 50 miles long foil, and conlUU principally of two Hreett | ftem eaft to weft arid » cj wntre broadctV *• Digitized by UOOQ IC

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1753- A Description and are which yield plenty of garlick. It had joined by a handfome timber bridge of 17 once 17 churches, which are now reduced Arches. They are governed by a mayor, Co three, and they fupphed by one mini* rocorder, two bailing, Ire. And both towns fler. The tower of Sb Mary's is let lend each two members to parliament j £ chief ornament. It had formerly a wall* the freemen of both vote for four bur- and a ftrong caftle, which hate been lonf goties, though they are returned as two fines demoliftted. It conftfts now only of for each, and the leaft freeholder has a two (treats croffing each other, and they vote, though he be not an inhabitant, but meanly built. However, it has (till a The four members in the prefent parlia- market, is governed by a mayor,, to. ami jnent for this united corporation are, fends two members to parliament, who Welbore ElKs, Eiq; Lord George Caven- now are R. Banket Hodgkinfon, and «iifh, George Doddington, and Edmund « Henry Drax, Efqrt. Tho chief trade hero Jlungate Bcghan, Efqrs. Melcomb is the * is in tobacco-pipe clay. Jorgcft town, having tevcral ftreets full of 10. Corfe-caftle, about c miles S. E. of good houfes, and a fair market-place, Wareham, in the ifle of Purbeck, is go- <*r here are two markets on Tuciday and verned by a mayor, aldermen, Ac. hat a Friday j though Weymouth is alio a po- market on Saturday, and (ends two mem* jx»lous, clean, and well-built town, hav« bers to parliament, the prefent ones being sfig many fubftantial inhabitants, and to* J. Bond, and H. Banks, Efqrs,— Though get her they grow rich by a great (ea- faring Purbeck be called an ifland, it is only a crade continually carried on here. Wey- Q peninfula | for though it is encompa/TcdV snoutfa gives title of vifcount to the fa* except on the W. by the (ea, yet there's jtiily of Thynnc. no river that feparates it quite from the . 8- Dorcbefter, % miles N. W. from continent. It is about 10 miles long, and 'Weymouth, and 07 computed, and 123 6 broad. It is full of heath, woods, sad ^acn&ircd miles diftant (rem London. It foitfts j buf the (butli patt is very rood 5 U*i, Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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448 A Discretion ^"DORSETSHIRE. Oft. land, and underneath are veins of marble, none. It is pleafantly fituate on the banks and good (tones for building, of which of the Stour, and many of the hotries art large quantities are,fent to London.— handfomely built of ftone. It h fur- Having mentioned Purbeck, we (hill here rounded with a great number of gentle- give fome account of Portland, which lies mens feats, and has a pood market on S. of Weymouth, and was formerly an Saturday. Formerly the manufacture d ifland, but now joined to the continent. Fandftrings was catried on here, and It is fcarce 7 miles round, and is but ^ now ftraw hats and bone lace employ thinly inhabited. It is encompafled by a £rcat numWs. It was burnt down in ridge of rocks, fothat the fides are high, i?ell-f«eoueMed market on Friday. Frome, where are abundance of troota 13 Cranborn, ismilesN. of Winburn', « ar,<j other fim. It has a market on Ihurf- bas a fmall market on Wednefday. It rs i day. pleafantly feated, and has a chace near it 24. Orne, or Cerne Abbas, 5 miles many miles in length. N. E. cf Frampten, which though but a 14. Bere, or Bere Regis, Smiles N. W. mean tewn, has a very good market on ©fWareham, a fmall town with a market Wednefday for com. fheep, cattle, &?. on Wednefday, tho* the Inhabitants are It is fituate in a dry bottom, watered with but poor and the houfet meanly built. a fine rivulet, in an open champain 15. Middleton, or Milton Abbas, a- country. bout the fame dirtance N. W. of Bere, G In this county is a village called Her- ein ancient but poor town, with a fmall ■ mitage, remarkable for a large ptece of market on Monday. ground being carried, in 1585, by an 16. Blandiord, o milts N. E. of Mil- earthquake, or fubrerraneotts wind, 4c roda ton, every ancient borough, governed by from its place, leaving a pit, and retain- two baHiffs, -which formerly fent two ing the tiees and hedges on it entire, member? 10 parliament, thV now.it fends J O U R- Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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*75Z- 44$ JOURNAL of thcPkocEEiiiNGS and Pebatbs ia the Political Club, continued from p. 410. thing*, Sir, we cannot avoid being tpi t jball next pi* y&a ano\h& Debate toe bad prehenfive left the whole power of our in our Club upon tbe Bill for preventing government mould foon center in th« Clandtftine Marriages, which was that other houfe, or at leaft fo much as to 4ve bad upon tobat toe call the third Read^ fet it above being controlled by, the crown ing of the Bill, when the ufual Morton arid the commons united together. But • mat made, that the Bill do pafi ; when- why mould I (ay the crown and the com- upon T. HerminiusyW vp, andjpokt m ^ mobs f THe commons, Sir, have no " Hklftanee tkmu power, no conflltutional being, but what they have by their representatives in this Mr. Prefidemt, houfe . and jf v^ confider what a large* • * ^ -flt (hare of property the other houfe has in UPON the fecond reading of this every county, and what a number of bill I was one who gave my vote our cities and boroughs are become ab- * for its being committed, which folutely dependent upon fome neighbour* % did not out of any refpe£b to the other ing peer, have we not reafoh to fetr, houfe, for I do not think we owe them B ]eft the other houfe mould become the any fuch rtfpe&, as they often upon the abfolute difpofers of moft of the feats in fecond reading rejeel bills fent up by us, this ? For this purpofe the fole power and fome which have been very onanimouf- of being the ultimate and fupreme judges ]y and deliberately agreed to in this houfe. in all cafes of property, wtiich we feem I did fo becaufe I approved of the prin- * now to have yielded to them, muft al- ciple upon which the bill was pretended to ways be of great uffe j and from ex- be founded. I always thought thatclandef* perience We know, that our (landing or- tine marriages, efpecially fuch as are fcan- Q devagainft the peer's concerning himfclf dalous or infamous with refpeel to either in the election of members to ferve for of the contracting parties, mould be pre- the commons in parliament, is an order vented, if it could be done without produ- which even now we find it impoflible to ting greater evil, which is that of preventing carry into execution; much lefs will it marriage itfelfj therefore I was for fend- be poiftble to carry it into execution after ing the bill to a committee, in order to a majority of us have been returned by fee if it could be (o amended as to pre* the influence of the other houfe » Nay, vent its producing this evil, to which _ I do not know but I may live to fecit it plainly appeared to be liable when it ** put to the vote here, and carried by a made its firft appearance in this houfe* great majority; to have this order erafed Accordingly it has been very much alter- out of our journals, as being difrefpeclful ed in the committee, but far, I think, to the other houfe 5 for the refpelt due from being amended j for it is ftill liable to it is already,, I find, made ufe of as an ""-^i** only to this evil, but to almoft every argument for bulling the votes of gentle* id confluence that could at firft be men in this, spprehended from it, cf which that of its Now, Sir, if the other houfe mould tending towards introducing an ariftocracy £ once get into their poflefliod the power of is One of the moft apparent. electing, or rather of nominating a majority It is a maxim allowed, Sir, by all the cf the members of this, I mall fubmit to belt writers upon government, that power the confideration of gentlemen, and it •r dominion will always follow property ; defer ves the oonfideratiort of every com* «>nd if we confider how vaftly the number moner in the kingdom, whether our con- of our nobility has been increafed fince ft i rut ion would not be entirely over- the beginning of this century, what ex- turned ? They might, perhaps, continue renfive poneflions are already vefted in p the (hadow of a monarchy ; but our king that body, what new pofleflions may be r Would be under the neceffity Of entirely added by the marriage of heirefles, and lubmittin^ to be governed by the leaders the now fo frequent nobilitating of rich of the other houfe j and this would add commoners, and how independent of to their influence at all elections of mem- the crown all our landholders, efpecially bers to ferve in this, becaufe they would our nobility, have been rendered, ever thereby get the executive part of our Ance the aboliming of military tenurei, government into their hands, and confo- •and the fupprefling of the court of wards quently the nomination to all pofts and and liveries : I fay, if we confider tbeie G employments in the ftate, in which we - * G H . may fuppofe tbei* font, their brothers, Oaobcr, 175$, Ml «nd Digitized by VjOO'Q IC

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4$d Proceedings of the Political Cluj*, fie. Odt. and>ven their valets and footmen would that before the paffing of this aft, tl# not be forgot. Would our king in fach crown had too great a power as to the cafe be anything more than a doge of fummoning of thofe peers who were to>«p- Venice ? Would any commoner in Eng- fear and vote at fuch trials 5 but it mult land have a refource againft the op- likewife be granted, that by this law th* preOion of a neighbouring lord ? And as body of peers have got a power of pro- our nobility would always take care to tofling any one of their number, am4 have fome of themfelves at the head of A would probably make ufe of this power, our army and navy, it would be tmpof- if they would ever form a deugn of ms- fible for the king or people* to recover croaching both upon the crown and the? themfelves out of their hands, or to re- commons, and ingrowing to themfeiTea ftorethe conftitutionwithout a civil warj alone the whole power of our govem- which, if fuccefsful on the lide of the ment 5 and fuch a defign as this they may people, might probably end in fubjeding very probably form, if they mould ever lis to an abfolute and arbitrary monarch; acquire fuch an influence over our ***f~ and if unfuccefrful, would probably end R tions, as to be able to return a maJ^Jj*y in abolifliing even the fliadow of what ** of the members of this houfe j tor tlicy is monarchical or democratical in our woutd probably prevail with moft of tfct form of government. leading men in this houfe to concur in Upon this occasion, Sir, I cannot avoid fuch a deugn, by promifing to adopt observing the great difference between them into the order of nobility j and that aflembly in which the constitutional they have the eftablimment of the pre- power of our nobility is lodged, and that feat ariftocratkal and tyrannical fora^f Jn which the conftitutional power of the government in Venice as a precedent cpmmons is lodged. The other houfe is C for directing their method of proceed* ^ certain, fixt and unchangeable aflembly, lag. in which every one of our nobility ha* Until after the end of the 13th century* a feat eftablimcd hereditarily in his family* Sir, every citisen of Venice of any fub- whereas this houfe confifts of a change- ftance had a vote in their great council* aWe> fluctuating affbmbly of men, no one and a chance of being cbofen into tfco member of which is abfolutely certain high eft: offices of the ftate, as well a» of having a feat here in the next enfuing being protected by that council againft parliament. The former therefore may ~ the greateft man in their city j but a few probably unite in augmenting the power u of their richeft citizens having then got •f their aflembly at the expence of our too much influence in their great council, conflitution j becaufe every member of they prevailed with it to pafs a law, b£ it thereby increafes the power and the which it was ena&ed, that none but fucfc •onfequence of his family for ever ; but a certain number of families mould for no member of this houfe can well be fup~ the future have a rigiht to appear or yott pofed to concur in any unconfttovttonal in their great council j from which tun* elcfign for increafmg the power of this thofe famines anumed the name of noble aflembly, becaufc it is fo far from in- E Venetians, and none but they, or fuch aa ereafing the power or confequehce of his they have fince been plcafed to adopt, he*i family, that he himfelf may fuffer by now any mare in the government of that ,it, in cafe he mould not be returned a repubiick; for as to all the reft of tb* member of the next enfuing parliament. people, they are as great Haves as tat And for the fame reafon the other people ace in Turkey, and they atetteat* feoufe is much more capable of con- ed with more inference by their neeJea» certing and fteadily purfuing ambitious than the Turks are by their **&***$ and unconftitutional deugns, than this o which would probably beurcafe,<houM toufe can ever be fuppofed to be j to oer nobility be ever able to ingrofe tm which I muft add, that by a law whole power of our government to tneow paiTed fince the revolution, it is rendered fehres alone j and it is certain, ****** much more difficult for the crown to are in more danger of it, than the Ve* prevent the profecution of fechcefigns. nettans were at the time this ct**nt**^ When I fay this, Sir, I believe every their form of government was eftabltihedt gentleman will fuppofe I mean the law for they had then no nobility among puffed in the 7U1 of king William, by them, much left a body of nobility <W* which it is provided, that upon the trial G tin& from the people, acting in *° *■* of any peer or peerefs for treafon or mif- (embly by themselves alone, and pofefM prulon, all the peers who have a right to of a negative in their legiflatfve peweey fit and vote in parliament, mail be duly as well as the la& refort in the juiMMeHviv fummoned to appear at fuch trial, and to Sir* when we confider the ckxwnAao* vote at tht lame. I mall readily grant ces and tonditioo of tfat tUat and people j ■#)* Digitized by UOOQ IC

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i?S3* Proceedings of /& Political Club, &c. 451 of Venice when this remarkable change wards reducing them to the fame abje& 'in their form of government was brought 'flavifh condition, which the people of about, we have reafon to be furprifed Venice were reduced to by their great how it was poffible to concert fuch a de- council in the beginning of the 14th G%n, much m&re how it was poflible to century. But this of its being dangerous . tarry it into execution ; and we can af- to our conftitution is not the only bad cribe it to no caufe but that of their hav- confluence to be apprehended from paus- ing allowed a few families to accumulate A mg this bill into a law $ for it will really too great a fhare of the wealth of their prove a fort of prohibition of marriage country : This thererefore, as well as a with refped to all our poorer fort of peo- great many otherinftances, muft convince pie, beeaufe it will render the folemniza- us, that there is no preferving a form of tion of that ceremony fo tedious and government which has any thing of the troublefome, or fo expeniive, that many democratical m its conftitution, but by of them will either chute to live fingle, tiifpertmg, as much as poflible, the wealth or agree to live together without any mar- aud property of the fociety through the n riage at all. We know how averfe our ■whole body of the people, and by pre- B people generally are to a proclamation of venting, as much as pofiible, every cuftom banns, even in the prefent method, when or regulation that may enable thofe, who in any of our holy -day weeks the whole have already too much, to accumulate may be performed, and the loving couple more. That this would be one of the made happy by marriage in three or four bad efFe&s of the bill now under our con- days ; how much more averfe then will *6deration, if pafled into a law, I think they be to this way of marrying, wrier* no man can conteft ; for it is certain, they muft give a week's notice before the that parents generally have no coofidera- C banns can be firft proclaimed, and after tion for the affections of their child. Let that muft wait above three weeks before a man be but rich, he may be deformed, the proclamation of banns can be finimed, he may be brutifh in his nature, nay, he and the marriage ceremony performed ac- atkay be next degree to an id cot, yet ft ill cording to the rules prefcribed by this bill ? an old mifer will think him a proper huf- We may therefore with great reafen pre- bend for his only daughter. J-et a wo- fume, that very few even of the moft vul- jnao be but rich, me may be ugly, me gar fort of our people will fubmit to be may be difeafed, (he may be juftly fuf- r\ married by way of proclamation of banns j peded as to her chaftity, yet ft ill an old and what with ftamp-duties and fees we mifer will think her a fit match for his have made licences fo expeniive, that very -only foa $ and in both cafes the father few of them can bear the ex pence, an) often takes every method jn his power to if they could, there are but few of then* force a compliance with his defirc : Nay, that know how to come at a licence* we know, that the fon or daughter has What then will betheconjequence, Sir, often no way of avoiding fuch a detefta- of patting this bill into a law ? In my toe match, but by getting him or herfelf opinion, the certain confequence wili^f married clandeftinely to fome other j but E that of rendering common whoring at this refource will be taken away from frequent among the lower fort of people^ every unfortunate child, mould this bill as it is now among thofe of the better "be pafled into a law, fo that our avariti- fort ; and multitudes of wenches in aU •us rich men will have an indefeasible parts of the country, when they find they method of accumulating more wealth m- cannot get huubands according to law, la their families j and ambition, the next will fet up the trade ; fo that the bill governing paffion*of all rich mifers, will ought really to be called, a bill for the Ur impropriate every rich heirefs in the king- p creafe of fornication in this kingdom* idom to the eldeft fon of fome of our no- How this will fuit with the religion or aility, which in a few years muft greatly morals cf our people I (hall leave to the. |ncreafe the property and influence of the consideration of our clergy, but I am fure other houfe of parliament, to the mani- jt will not fuit with the happinefs of the left danger of our prejent happy conftitu- fociety, which muft always, depend upon -tion. jncrcafing the breed of the induftrious and In mort, Sir, I think there can be no- labouring fort cf people amongft us ; and thinr more evident than that ttiis bill^, theicforc ir Head of making a law for pre« muft tend towards introducing an ariflo-^1 venting this incrcafe by throwing obfta- cratical form of government amongft us ; cles in the way of marriage, we fflbuld therefore I rnuft be of opinion, that our confvJer what is the caufe that makes giving our content to its being pafled in- cVindeftine marriages fo frequent amonpft to a law, would be a fort of treache;y to- us, and endeavour ro remove that caufe wards our eonJUtuems, as it is a flep to- \>) fume new regulation. 1 mall not pre* I- 1 1 a tend Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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45* Proceedings of tbi Tout it al Club, tSc. Oft. tend to offer any fcheme for this purpofe, vulgar would chufc to be married there j but 1 rouft fay, that 1 can fee no necejfity and I flxould readily agree to any law you for a proclamation of banns : I. can fee pleafe lor enforcing the keeping of a re- jno reafon why the parim ihould be told gular regiftcr at every church or chapel io often, and in fuch a folemn and pub- where marriages could be folemnized, Jick manner, that there is a marriage in- and for the more eafily conviQtnu, a&4 tended between John the plowman and more feverely pu nulling fuch as mould be Mary the dairy- maid j and it is plain, « guilty of bigamy ; but I cannc; agree to that neither the clergy nor the promoters what will be in fome meafure a prohihi- of this bill think a proclamation of banns tion of marriage amongft the poor, /or tip abfolutely necefTary, becaufe they admit fake of preventing what we call clandef- of a marriage licence without it. I am tine marriages amongft the rich ; for mar- therefore apt to fufped, that this procla- riage may be compared to the importation, mation of bann* wa, introduced, and is of fome of the conveniences of life ; If now to be enforced by law, in order to you lay heavy taxes upon fuch importati- render licences necefTary j and the only on, you of courfc introduce fmuggling, life of a licence I rake to be that of put- B and if by fevere laws you prevent Jmug- ting money into the pockets of our clergy- gling, you force die poor to make the bell men or fome of their officers : Whereas, fhift they can without the uie of fuch if the parfon of every panfh had a power conveniences j fo by taxing and throw- to marry people at his church without ing obftaclcs in the way of marriage, jop either licence or proclamation of banns, of courfe introduce clandeftipe marriages, 1 believe, we fbould never have any fuch and if you prevent thefe by feveier law*, marriage fhop fet up as that at Keith's you will force the poor to make the beft Chapel, or any of thofe now kept within q fhift they can without marrying. This, the rules of the Fleet or King's -bench I am convinced, will be the erTcd of the •priibn* j and if there were no fuch pub- bill now before us, and as this is neither lick marriage mops kept, a young gentle- con lilt en t with the religion or mora}* of man or a young lady would find it very the people, nor with the intereft or hag- difficult to get married to any low or in- pinefs of the fociety, 1 muft be agaipft famous perfon, becaufe a fettled clergy- palling this bill into a law. man would have fome regard to his cha- f*aer; and as fuch clergymen are not b*. Tk next that fj>oki was L. Bellienus, xotcfi low the law, they might be prevented by sPcecb "j*" '*" Oecafion toat ftbcftUno- lawfrom marrying ar.y but fuch as they D ing^ffL^% knew, or fuch as were recommended to */ p «£&•# them by fome perfon of character whom rrtpaeut they did know, who mould always be SIR, prefect at the ceremony, and a figning l HAVE nqt very long had the bono* witnefs to the regtfler and certificate of 1 of a feat in this augufl alTembly, fcnt» SOarriage. I bei eve, the oldeft member amongft us I mail not fay, Sir, that this would never was prefent at fuch an extraefdi- prevent a young gentleman or young la- c nary debate as what we ate now upon* dy's being ever married without the con- ^ The real que ft ion now before us is, whe- fynt of their parents or guardians ; nor ther we ihall leave our young gentlemen do I think that fuch marriages ought to of fortune, whilft under age, a pity to be abfolutely .prohibited, becaufe it would bawds and proftitutes, and our youag la? be giving a greater power to parents, and di&s of fortune, whilft under age, a prey •fpecially guardians, than they ought to to iharpcis and fortune-hunters, orwhe- have, and which, from experience we ther we (hall pafs a bill which akoecui jnayprefume, would often be made a ve- effectually put an end to this evil, by ry bad, a very tyrannical ufe of. But it p which fo many of our bed families have would, f am perfuaded, prevent infamous fuffered, and more may fuffer, and aba) or fcandalous marriages, becaufe there which cannot poflibly be attended vwtai would then be no /hop for the folemniza- any inconvenience or danger to the (brie- tion of fuch a marriage, as their only ty ? To hear fuch a question ferjoufly op- fupport now arifes from the multitude of pofed, and gravely clc bated, mrf cer^auK vulgar marriages folemnized at fuch (hops, ly appear very ft range to every one, who becaufe they cannot be fo conveniently, is not well acquainted with ocrconftirt- or at fo cheap a rate, folemnized any _ tion j and if there were any forcignera where elfc. Whereas, if a marriage could ^ now in our gallery, I hope there are not* be folemnized as conveniently, and for as they would certainly fuppofe, that eaauj |tttle expence, at the parifli church, and of us were (harpers or fortuae~kun{cf% hr * '*£u!»r flcfgyman, cvep t^e moft J- B .' # Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1753- Proceedings of the Political Club, t£c+ 453 and many others of us in combination appeared to him to be ram, fbandalout, with bawds and proftitutes. or infamous, with refpect to either of the To confirm what I fay, Sir, I (hall parties. But I am forry to fity, Sir, confider this bill, firft as to the evil , that many of our clergy are not in eaftr which it is defigned to put an end to, and circumftances, and fome are very far ' next as to the inconveniences and dan- from being of unexceptionable characters*, - gers which, it is*faid, may be apprehend- for we all know that fome of them have ed from It. By our jaw, as it ftands at a fet up (hops, as the Hon. gentleman very prefent, a boy of 14 years of age may properly called them, where any twt> be fcduced to marry a kitchen wench, perfohs whatsoever may be clandestine* or a common proftitute, and let his qua- ly married, without any inquiry into -lity and fortune be never fo considerable, their characters, or even notwithftandint; lie can never by any means avoid fuch a its being known, that the marriage win •ram, inconftderate, and infamous mar- be of the moft infamous fort, with raw riage 1 Nay, even our king's eldeft fan, fpect to one of the contracting parties* the heir apparent to our crown, may at This we all know, Sir, and J believe, 'this age be (educed to marry a creature, B every one of us may recoiled more than without portability of avoiding fuch a one mftance, where a young gentleman, marriage by any law now in being. Then or a young lady has been betrayed, and with regard to the female fex, a girl juft deceitfully drawn into fuch a marriage, turned of \% years of age, may he fcduced to the great grief of their parents, an ft to marry the loweft, the mod infamous the utter ruin of themfclves. And as wretch 1 can name, and let her quality the evil is fo glaring, and the misfortunes or fortune be never fo great, this mar- ari6ng from it fo notorioufly frequent, .riage can never be avoided, nor can you n will any gentleman fay that a remedy inflict any higher punishment upon the (hould not be attempted, or that any •man who marries fuch a girl, than an other adequate remedy can be contrived* imprifonment for five years \ neither can but that of declaring the marriage void, if you, I think, deprive either her or her not celebrated according to fuch rules at <nu(band of the pofleffion of her fortune, are or (hall be prefcribed by law? - if her parents were both dead at the time That the parliament has a' power t» •of fuch marriage; and tho* it be high dofo: That there is nothing mconfiftent treafon to violate the king's eldeft daughter, with juft ice or with religion in our dome; yet it is neither treafon nor felony to mar- D fo, no one, I believe, Sir, will doubt, 17 her, even tho* (he be then presumptive who confidere that this bill has already heir to the crown, nor could you by any parted the houfe of lords, where the learn- law now fubfifting difannul fuch a mar- ed bimops have voices, and where tho riage, if (he was above is years old when learned judges always attend and are the marriage was contracted, fo that the ready to inform their lord&ips upon fon, perhaps, of a footman who had feduced every point relating to law or right ; an4 her at that age to marry him, might come that our doing fo can be no way inconllf* to have a legal right to the crown of thefe £ tent with the good of fociety, we may realms, and a right which you could not learn from the practice of our neighbours make void by any law now in being: the Dutch. In Holland, Sir, a regular I fay, Sir, by any law now in being, proclamation of banns, much the fame becaufe in fuch extraordinary cafes, I do with what we have here, is lb neeeflary, not know what the parliament might be that a marriage without it is abfolutely induced to do by a law e* f*fifaSl% j but void, without any decree or fentence of as all fuch laws are of the moft danger*- any court for declaring it fo ; and this out confeqoence, finely the wifidom of proclamation of banns muft be made not the nation, as our parliaments are called, F only in the place where the parties then (hould have forefight enough to prevent refide, but alfo in the place of their its being ever under a neceffity to make former refidence, if they have refided but any fuch. a (hort time in the place where they ■ Sir, I (hall readily grant, that if our then are j and even after proclamation • clergymen were all men of eafy circum- of banns, they muft be married in tho fiances and unexceptionable characters, church or chapel of the religion to which there would be no great danger of any they belong ; neither of which can be fuch infamous marriages as I have men* q difpenfed with but by the fupreme court tioncd being ever contracted, becaufe no of Holland with refpedt to the nobility, fuch clergyman will ever folemnize the or by the fupreme magiftrate of their religious ceremony of marriage between city with refpect to the other inhabitants; -any two peribns without knowing fame* fo thsjt in Holland no licence can * ~ thing of their characters, and would ab- granted, either as to the proclamation Digitized by VjOOQ IC feiutely refute to do (o, if the marriage ( of

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454 PaociiDiwos of tbe Political Club, fcfc. Oft. of banns, or as fo not being married at of the feven provinces is a fort of fove- cbmxfc, by any a*c|em)(HeaJ perfon or reignty within itfelf; the laws of the lonrt whatfoever j and no fuch licence other province! are in fame few refpe&a or difjpanfttiop ought tq be granted but different from thofe of the province of Jtppn food. caufe mown to the court or Holland, but in general they are pretty jnagiAratc, why one or both of theie much the fame j and thefe laws with ro- , 4bonld be dUjscnfed with. (peer, to all the provinces have fubfiftcd /or Then, Sir, with regard to the conient of a^ feverat centuries, without adding to the its or guardian*, the law of Holland power of the nobility of that country, ' saceni that a ion under 95, or a daughter being any hindrance to the marriage of th* «^jeVtr to years of ane, muft have the poor, or any bar to the propagation fonfent of the father, if alive, of the of induftrious and laborious people in «eotber,if be be .dead, or of the next re- that country, which, I believe, is th* jetton*, if both be dead $ ■ and fuch a moil populous fpot of ground of any up- uewer have the parents over their chU- on this glo&e, not even excepting Causa, 4n* under this age, that even after the f them as be foe* caufe j and if without that no father can abfoluteiy compel bin lus authority aha marriage mould be fo- u daughter, much left can a guardian com- Jamaised, *he marriage, 'tis true, is not pel his ward, to marry any one he pleafee, void, but the party thus marrying a and if the young lady will but Aay till perfon under age, can reap no benefit Jhe is one and twenty, me may as freely pf thje marriage from the efiate of the marry the man (he likes after this bill g*rfon fo married. Hay, fuch is the duty is palled into a law, as (he can ' do at ttf children to their parents, according to this pre fen t time, becaufe neither tbe* (be opinion of tbe Dutch, that even after father nor the guardian can then forbid they are above the anas I have mentioned, £ the banns, or prevent her having a li- they are obliged to give exprefs notice cence, unlets there be fomethiog very uv to their parents of their intended mar- famous in the match (he propofce for riage, vebo have 14 days after fuch no- herielf ; and even in that cafe it could tice, to appeat before the proper magi- be done only by making intered with State -and give their reafons for forkdding the proper perfoni not to grant a licence the marriage, and if thefe reafons mould ox to proclaim the bannsj for this bill fre approved of, and the marriage never* gives no legal power to the father, or to thelets (otemniccd, it would ho i» jmt any relation, of a gentleman or lady of Void* F full age, to prevent the granting a licence* I have been the mom full in my ae- or the proclamation of banns $ and if fount of tbe lawe of Holland with regsrd the proper officer would refo/e to grant to marriage, becaufe I hope it will from a licence, or the proper clergyman mould thence appear, * that every objection a- refufe to proclaim the banns, without gaiaft the bill now under our confidera- a juft caufe, I believe, he would be liable to tion is frivolous and entirely groundtefs ; an adion upon which very heavy damages and I ma ft farther ebferve, Sir, that theie micht be recovered again** him. laws are in foiee with regard to every q But now, Sir, fuppoftog that by this fobjeaof HoUand even tbo' the marriage hill's being pauod into a law, all the mould be folemnised in a place not under rich heirefles in the kingdom could be the dominion of the fiates, and accord- effectually fecured for the cJdeJt fons of ing to the rules prefcribed by the laws of our peers, I believe the property of our that place. I know that as every one nofrilitv in general-will in cverv age be Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1753* Proceedings °f *^* P°LITICAL Club* tic. 455 as much diminished by the extinction of the parfon orxiurate of their parito can tf* fome, and the extravagance of otheri, ways inform them. an it can be increafed by the marriage Bet befides the reafon of fl»0 thing* of helrefles or the creation of new peers* Sir, the example of Holland, wHere tht This has always been m? way of think- marriage it abfolutely void if onteret? ing, and 1 am forry tofity that the conduct into without proclamation of banns * aV of the prefent generation furnifhes me with licence, muft convince us, that feeh reafons for being confirmed in this way of ^ a regulation in thtt kingdom can ntf wa+ thinkings rather than with any reafon for prevent or leflen the number of marriage** altering it ; from whence I am of opinion* amongft our poor % and from the taf*u> that we have more reafon to apprehend example we imrit be convinced, that if danger to our constitution from an in- can no way impede the propagation of create of the number of peers, than from the mduftrkfcis and laborious part of out an increafe of their property, for nothing people 5 tor there is no country in th# can be of more dangerous confequence to world where this fort of people' is mors* our confutation, than a great number numerous, more frugal, or more tfilrgetrtr* of peers who cannot fupport their dignity, B than they are in Holland, which- 1 ami without a penfion from, or fome em- apt to think it chiefly owing to their peew ploy m en t under the crown ; which may venting tbofo ram and ineonfiderafe rft*r*: very probably happen, if the number of riages fo frequent in this country r sot" peers mould be very much increafed, at if an inquiry wore to be ftriAIy made* no eftate can by our law be unalienaMy I believe it woo Id appear, that our Tleef annexed to the title, and as the family and May -lair marriages have very much m>» eftate is often Separated from the title, creafed the propagation of beggars, rogues* when the latter happens to devolve upon Q and the raoft abandoned fort ofproftitu*e*» m collateral branch; therefore, if it were amongftus, and but very little that of ft** in our power, I think, we mould con- boriousaiKlinduflriouspoortaimoftOfAlhf tribute towards a poor lord's being1 al- fort here m London are fuch a* were torW' ways lure of matching himfelf with fome and brought up in the country, where they1 rich heireft, and thereby reftoririg the have very few clande/tine marriage*, and' fcjftre and the independency of his family, where their marriages do not Then, Sir, as to the marriage of our from -a drunken frofack, or fome *fod*fen> poor, there is nothing in this bill that p. whim, as moft of our clandeftine mar** oan prevent any thing of that kind which ^ riages here in London do, and as theo> ought to be encouraged, or even fuffered; are fuddenly joined they are very often* tor as to all thofe rafh and inconsiderate as fuddenly parted, and each of them)' anarriages whtth are entered into between perhaps in a few days coupled with a* rwo poor creatures, fometimes before frefti fpoufe ; therefore I do not at al) they have got cloaths to their backs, and wonder at its appearing, that vat> mul- often before they have faved any thing titudes have been married m a year it tor furnHhing a lodging or cottage for foch a place as. May- fair. But this hV themfeives, or have got into any way of £ fuch an abufe of the religious ceremony urowding for themfeives, much lefs for of marriage, that no man who thinks? their chi Wren, I think they ought all, if there is any thing facred in that ceremony, it were pof&hte, to be prevented j there- can in my opinion be agamft paflmg-tm> tore to Jay the poor under a neceffiry of bill into a law, as it is the only effectual thinking beforehand of what they are method for putting an end to this abufe, About, is in my opinion, a wife and ne- and for Ihutttng up thofe infamous mar* eesTary regulation, and can prevent no riage (hops, which have- fo long been> a> marriage which ought to be permitted j _ fcandal to tins country and a public k nu- aod as to tech of the poor, who have * fance in tlte eye of every fober chriftian. thought beforehand, and in confequence' I have faid, Sir, the only efieerual me* thereof have faved a little money, and thod ; for what tl»c Hon. gentleman wuo> got into fome way of living, if they are fpoke laft was pfeafed to propofe* {% ra- in a very great hurry to be married, or ther a fchemt for rendering alt marriage* fcot witlmgto have the parifh made ac- chndeAinc, than for preventing any facts' quamted with their intended mar- for rhe future •, becaufe an abandoned fel- liage, 30 or 40 (hillings is not fuch low might then marry twenty different a large fam as to prevent their getting Q women in twenty different parishes, ansf themfeives married j and this is the high- might in every parifh get an alehdufe- eft expence that a marriage by licence keeper, or fome tradefman, to vouch fbf witt coft them any where in this kingdom, him to the incumbent, who could not for in ntoft places it will not coft near tike upon him to object to the chara&erot fo much, nor can any of them be at a one of h»s parishioners agtinil whom ho lofo where <o appiy for a licerfce4 became had Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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45^ Anfwer to the By-stand er on the Jews Bill. 0 P.o 1. 1 t 1 c a l C l u a, are not injtrted in ments that were made ufe of againft it f their Journal book, any gentleman may fend £ and he wifely concludes, that there is not a copy or extraS of what be [aid upon any any curfe attends the Jewiftl nation, be- important debate, to the publijber of this caufe our Saviour upon the crofs cried. Magazine, and it Jball be infertcd by Father, forgive them, for they know not toner itjelf, or in in proper place, they do : And becaufe St. Stephen, when +> . - .. ~ ». * ~ *- » » ^ ™ « * ™ tn^v wcrc ft°nin8 h>«n to death, cried, To the AUTHOR of the LONDON jr,^ iay mt ,*/,% t9 tbtir ,^, ^ MAGAZINE. this our by -ftander (hews himftlf to be an , (hallow a divine as he is a politician ; tor * * *» F every fchool-boy muft know, that botJt "T T is an old proverb, that a By-ftander thefe petitions implied the condition, pvo-t 1 fees more of the game than either of vided they fincerely and heartily repented $ne parties engaged in it ; but for the truth of the crime they had committed : Can of this proverb, we mud fuppofe the by- this be fuppofed, whilft they continue ob-» Aander to be fuch a one as perfectly un- ftinate in their unbelief r God Almighty derftands the game 5 for a by-ftander at may be pleafed to open their eyes, a game at chefs, who knows nothing, or when he does, they can have no oat but very little, of the game, cannot Aire- q for fuch a bill as this ; but until he ly be fuppofed to fee more of the game we have 1700 years experience for fappoJ than either of the perfons engaged in it. flng, that a curfe does and wiU attend the For .this reafon 1 have always thought it nation in genera) ; for none but fuch a very prefumptuous in any of our little divine as this author will fuppofe, that garreteer ftatefmen, to aftume the name God Almighty will ever (new tnercjr to an > * 1 lave added the word ChriAian, becaufe even this By-ftauder cannot be fi ignorant *»s» OfPtf* tbt Jem can livefecurily in the defpotici and tyraimical governments ofAja or Aflrkd. Digitized by VjOOQ iC

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1753- Anfwer /o/fcBr-sTANDERW the Jews Bill, 457 An obftinate finner or unbeliever ; and that is to fay, the Aaoding army, thai every Chnftian muft grant, chat we ought were to have been the cbiet executioners not voluntarily to afiociate with tinners and murderers, in this therefore the Jews Or unbelievers. may moit juftly be compared with thf The next argument he takes notice of Papifts, the only ditrerence being, that is. that drawn from the Aory of Efther, this jewim mauler© exceeded, as to the and in order to mew that thi» rtory was number of people muidered, any fopiflft not properly applied, he lays down two a maflacre we read of in hiftory. portions, both of which are falie. The The 3d, and the only other argument firft is, that this ftory is recorded in the this author attempt* to anfwer, is, that of holy fcripture to do honour, inAead of its being very precarious to expeft, tha£ being a reproach, to the Jews. From this bill will induce an old rich Jew, who what part of the book he drew this pofi- * has been born and bred in another couiw tion, neither he nor any one elfe can tell; try, to come over to fettle and live heie^, for the ftory is related merely to mew the In order tb anfwer this argument he fate* reafon why the Jews afterwa/ds kept the it, as if the gentleman had faid, that thie j"4th and 15th days of the month Adar as B bill will not encourage or prevail with on* days of feafting and joy, and of fending rich Jew to come from abroad, and fettle portions one to another, and gifts to the in this nation. Upon which our author poor j and at the lame time to inculcate exults thus : " And if it will not encou- that religious and moral doctrine, that rage rich Jews to come over and fettle Cod Almighty by his Providence often here, no man can be fo weak as to think tnakes the wicked fall into the pit which it will bring over the poor lews. Is ihey had d\t$ for others, J ihall indeed not this a plain confemon, that this bill a; rant, that if the unfortunate natives Q will do neither good nor harm?" 'From who had fallen under the difpleafure of whence he wifely concludes, " that the the Jews, were poflcued of any thing oppofers have been ailing * fare*.** that was worth taking, it was honourable Whereas every man of common fenfe in the Jews, and at the fame time very would from hence conclude, that the le- political, confidering who helped them to giflature has been acting a fane, and nerpetrate this mafiacre, not to lay their that every member of a legislature ought hands on the prey \ but no man will fay, to oppofe parting a new law, if he think* (bat they could acquire any honour by it fuvh a one as will do neither good not murdering 76000 defencekf* people. *J harm. But tho* an old rich Jew may not % This our By-ftander was himfelf fcnfi- be prevailed on to leave a climate which, ble of, and therefore bis fecond pofition from his infancy, he has been accuftom- is, that the Jews were aflaulted by the ed to, in order to live under a new dis- people, and that they killed this great t mate which may very probably be dtfi number in their own defence : Whereas agreeable to his constitution, yet his chili, the facred hiftorian fays, chap. 9, v. a, 3. dren may, and ery probably will, when ffhi Jews gathered thetnfifves together in their they can thereby intitle themfelves to all titles, throughout all the province* of the king J? the liberties and privileges of a free born Abafuenu, to lay hand* on fueb at fought their hnelimman , and as hah a dozen, or per* hurt ; and no man could wttbftand them, for haps halt a hundred Jews, (for I know of the fear of them fell upon all people. And no law or order to prevent it) may be in* oyl the ruLrs of the provinces, and the lieute- eluded in one naturalization bill, it is fo njMMts, and the deputies, and oficers (or fcr- far from being weak to think that this Tants) of the king, helped the Jews -y becaufe bill will bring over the poor Jews, that it d&fear of Mordecai fell upon than. Thus is ridiculous to fuppoie the contrary, con- tjrom the holy fcripture itfelf it appears, - fidennp the abject flavim condition in that this was what may properly be called * which rhe Jews live in every country of n general maflacre of an innocent defence- the world, even Holland not excepted^ leu people j for tho* the Jews were pro- and the fecurity they acquire tor ufe, U^ feably then as much hated and detcited by ( berry, and eftate, by being naturalised in the people of that country, as they are 'this country. now by the people of this country, and Our By-ftar.der had not tht fagpeity to always muft be by the people of all coun- find out, that the gentleman who trade face, becaufe they hate and deteft all but ufe of thi» argument, did not make u/e their own people, yet if the decree ob*G of it for (hewing, that the bill would do ^ajned by Hainan had been to be carried neither pood nor hanr., but to (hew, that into execution, and all the Jews to be it wouid not do the good our miriftert murdered, it, was not the people, but the expected from it. He knew that mmi« rulers of the "provinces, the lieutenants, iters fcldom extend their views beyond tfee deputies, and the fervantt of the king, what they think may be the term of their . OaoberA 1753, Mnm cwn Digitized by VjOOQ iC

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43* Aafwer to the By-stande* *n the Jiws fclL 0&. own admin iteration j and that our mini- free and independent parliament,or a parlia- Iters expected, that this bill would induce ment that would give themfelves the leaft the rich Jews to come here from all parts concern about the liberties and privilege* of the world, to inveft tbeir money in of the people ? Therefore it is, I think, our funds, which would enable them to a demonstration, that this Jews act, if run the nation yet farther in debt, in cafe not repealed, muft neceflarily at laft «te- of a new war, or to reduce yet farther ftroy our conftitution. the intereft payable on our publick funds,* * But fuppofe the nation mould take the in cafe the peace continued. But neither atarm, before fuch a number of Jews this gentleman, nor any gentleman of were naturalised, by birth or otherwife, common fenfc ever fuppofed, that when as to be able to carry moft of our eleclf- tbe birth-right of Englishmen was thus fo ons in favour of the court ; and fuppde generoufly, and at fo cheap a rate, ten- fuch a parliament mould be chofen, as dered to the whole Jewim nation, great would bring in a proper bill for guarding numbers of them would not in a few againft this danger ; if we had then a years come over, either to turn our land- great number of rich Jews in the king- ed gentlemen out of their eftates, or our B dom, and an artful, ambitious prince merchants and (hop-keepers out of their upon the throne, what would be the con- trade 5 will any man but this mallow po- fcquence r He would not do as Charles J. liticiau fuppofe, that the Jews, who can did : He would not think of railing mo- purchafe land eftates no where in the ney by illegal methods upon his people, world, will not come to purchafe here, before he had an army willing, and fuffi- as foon as they are convinced, that they cient for enforcing the payment of them-j cannot only pure ha fe here, but are to but he would difmifs his parliament, and have the protection of our laws, and of q immediately draw together a nozneroo* our lords lieutenants, deputy lieutenants, army of natives and foreigners, for which high foeriffs, • juftices of the peace, and purpofe the Jews would readily farnilh. {landing army, for fecuring them in the him with the neceflary ferns of money, enjoyment of the land eftates they pur- becaufe they might depend upon being re- chafe ? Will any but fuch a one fuppofe, paid with ufury, as foon as the prince had that the fcvn will hot come to be mer- eft ab limed his abfolute power, chants, mop-keepers, matters of manu* This fuggeftion is far from being chs* factories, tec, in this country, when they merical 5 tor the example of king John, find they can do fo with as much fecurity V which watvery properly mentioned by ano* as any natural born fubject, and with ther member of your Political Clubf, mult more than they can expect in any other convince us, that a king who has money country whatfoever ? may always have an army fit for his pur- Thcfe are fuppofitions which none but pofi ; and whoever reads the hiftory of fuch as are totally ignorant of the nature, that tyrannical reign with due attention,, at well as the prefent ftate of mankind, muft, I think, be of opinion, that we will make. Therefore it is moft reafona- have already too many Jews amongil usj hie to fuppofe, that in a few years we £ for 1 mail always be jealous, I hopelaueV fall have an inundation of Jews amongft ably jealous, of the crown's having any us 5 and the confequences with refpect to other way of raifing money thao mat of our constitution will certainly be fatal; a free- grant from the people in parhameaU for it* was rightly obferved by one of the And if any future king of this I members of your Political Club, that the mould, by the advice of wicked or oar-' Jews can never, like other foreigners, nipt miniftcrs, refolvt to protect the Jew* Incorporate with us • : They muft always in defiance of his parliament, can wo remain a diftinct people ; and as they make it a doubt, whether or no the Jew* hate and deteft all people but themfelves, F would fupply fuch a king with samwy they muft be always hateful and detefta- for raifing fuch an army as would under ble to the people of this kingdom 5 there- it unneceflary for him ever to call soother lore, for their own fafety, as well as fe- . parliament ? curity, they muft always be for exalting 1 hope, I have now (hewn, that that the power of the crown and debating that act not only may, but neceflarily atose do of tte people 5 confequently, at all elec- great harm, and as our By ftamtoha* aft* lions they will throw their weight into lowed, that it can do but very little godd^ the ministerial fcale j and if many ofQ even he, I think, muft grant, AaHfcll them mould become poflefled of land ef- an act which ought not to have bead prist* fates in our counties, and many others of ed, and an act which ought, as foosio* them mould become fharers in the rights poflible, to be repealed* and privileges of our cities and boroughs, Cambridge, I any Jo* would it be poflible for us ever to have a Sept. 17, 1753* • Su Lend* Mag. fir June bjl, p. 465* f Su Load, Mag. fir July, »» 317, «at ^ Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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175$. Anfwcr to the Reply to Mr. HORNE. 459 fchret become of a (mailer or larger fize/ ft^AUTHORj//4» LONDON i Cinnot conceive 5 for friction or intei nal MAGAZINE. motion never alters the conftituent parts SIR* of any fort of matter, but only feparatcs YOUR long delay of the insertion of thofe parts which before adhered to- my letter made me imagine you did gather." Here again he cither mifunder- not defign to pubhfli it j but as I now (lands or mifreprefents him, for Mr. find it was occafioned by the great room ^ Home does notfuppofe, that the original, the debates took up in your Magazine, or (as he pleafes to call them) the con- which were things of greater confequence, ftrtuent particles of matter become of a and finding this gentleman has made a fmaller or larger fize, but only a fepara- reply to a letter of Mr. Home's, (p. »8i.) tion of concretes of thofe that had adhered I therefore hope you will give this a together. place alfo in our next. — If there mould «' Nor can I conceive, why a fluid of fee any thing this gentleman has objected larger conAituent particles mould pufh to that I have not anfwered or have over- p hard againft a fluid bf fmall conftituent look'd, I (hall be glad to know it by *» particles, if there be no interftitial va- your Magazine, and I will then either cuities." agree with him or give my reafons for dif- As to interftitial vacuities, this ^en^ fenting from him. lam tleman, to make a plaufible argument, Oxford, Yours, carries it farther than can be determined, Sept. 29, 1753* CANDIDUS. nay, farther than is intended ordefiredj for we will not contend, fuppofing a num- THIS gentleman in his reply observes ber of original particles or atoms of the thus. " One for^ of fluid may be C fmalleft fize were united together, that there rarer than another and yet confift of par- (hall be no interftitial vacuities between tides of a' larger fize } and if the con- them, becaufe this is a thing of no con- ftituent particles of one fluid, or any other fequence in the dilute, nor can there fort of matter, be (mailer than the con- be any experimental proof on either fide, ftrtucnt particles of another fluid, I can- therefore this muft depend on our own not look upon them to be the fame fort imagination ; but by interftitial vacuities, of fluid t They muft be two different we mean the vacuities amongft all con- torts, even tho* mankind mould give t\ creted matter of the univerfe in general, them the fame name." This is aflerted aswe find in the diamond itfelf, where with the author's wonted confidence, but we fee the vacuities between its parts are wants fome proof, either by experiments filled with light, otherwife it could not or otherwife, to be credited 5 and as we have a free paflage thro* it; for was there now admit nothing into philofophy but not a plenum of light within its parts, what is grounded on experiments, which light by entering on one fide could not are againft the above aflertion, therefore, pufh other light out on the oppofite fide.— I hope, its author will excufe me for not " Whether fome forts of matter may aflenting to it. — In the firft place, it is E not produce an effect without contact, entirely begging the queftion, when he is a queftion we cannot eafily refolve, lays, " that one fort of fluid may be becaufe the conftituent parts of fome fort rarer than another and yet confift of par- of matter may be endued with a rep'ulfive tides of a larger fize." For to come to force, and confequently may without con - tste original particles or atoms of any fluid tact act upon one another, and upon a!l isout of our power, therefore this aflertion parts of matter that come within the is falfe in fact} but this we do know, that fphere of their repulfion." As to his the more divided or the (mailer the parts p imagination, that matter can act where of any body are, the rarer it will be and the it is not in contact or at a diflance from lefs refiftance it will have ; and as, in my itfelf, it is fo abfurd an opinion that I laft letter, I produced experiments that believe it needs no anfwer. " That mat- prove fire, light and air were of the fame ter may be endued with a repulfive force, fubftance or eflence $ fo, 1 think, unlefs and act withinin its fphere of vepufion,** tio can prove that thefe experiments are thefe and fuch like arc only learned teims not Juft, he muft allow this, viz. that to prevent the vulgar from knowing we the'fmaller the ajrs are, the more rare they are ignorant of their caufes. " The ccn- wiJ! be, and where they are moft con-G ftituent parts of air feem to be endued •reted, or where the largeft number of with this repulfive fc?ce, which is the reafon atoms are united, there they muft be the that air may be vaftly comprcirrdby avom- moft denfe, and caufe the greateft refiftance. prenVe power that is fu peri or to it* power In the next place, this gentleman fays, ofrepulfion.** Thar air may becompreflfd ** how the conftituent particles of a fluid, into lefs compafs than what it naturally or any other fort of matter, can of them* M m m z takes

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4$o Ext* act. fhm The PROTESTER. OA.. takes up, I doubt not, is a vulgar error will be mod denfe.— As to his imagining by not knowing its properties j which is that at the focus of a burning glafsv Hgbt compafed of parts of different fizes, there- is more denfe than, any where eUe, it is a fore enclosing it in veflels that will con- miftake, for the air it there rarined or made fine only fome of itslarger parts, we can, by left denfe, as we fee U is in every place* force, prefs out a great quantity of thefmai- where there is fire in aOioo, and the ler particles thro* the fide of the containing rays of. light are not collected by the veflels, when mo ft of its largeft are left ^ Jens, but the etfe& is occauoned by the behind 5 in the fame manner a* we do the lens fuffering no part,s of the air but light juice of any berries in a prefs, which berries, to pais thro* it; therefore there muft be when they are m ft put into theprefs, will, a larger quantity at the locus than any perhaps fill a bufhtl, but after the juice where el fc.— His miftaken norion, of the, or finer parts that will pafs the prefs have electrical dream getting the more rare the been di 'charged, the whole quantity left farther it moves from the ele&ica) body, in the prefs will not fill a peck : fo the has been already explained in my laft let- air, after the finer parts art palled, the ter. (Seep. 371.) concreted air left behind will be much lefs *> ...... in quantity than it was before j and what From a Taper ibat ha* lately male mAp- he calls the repulfive power, or power of ftarame under tbi 'Title cf The Pao- expanfion then given to it, is no other tistis, by IflTachar Barebone, one than the endeavour of the more fine, rare, of tnc P * ° p L *• N° '*• or fubtle pares of ihe airs to prefs them- \\7^ haTC Ilte^ had Aichan overflow felves between ' the parts of this denfcr W of honours, and our poor minif- air. Storms, hurricanes, gunpowder and ters are ftill befct with fo many claimants, every phenomenon in nature give us in- Q that I am afraid it will not belong in the v stances of the great force, or conflict power of any man in England, to adver- . there is between rare and denfe air, and tife his eftate for fale, as a cert. in perfoa this force is always in proportion to the did about ao years ago, with an N. B. by rarity of the one, and the denfity of the way of recommendation, '* That no pees* • Other. , had refidence within 1 1 miles of the pre* This imagination, that the air itfelf mifes." was prefied into lefs compaf* than it oc- And, upon this occafton, it will be- cupied before, has led fome of our greeted n come me to retracH many of the free philofophers into the moft abfurd no- ** things which I ventured to fay io a for- tions ; as that is which Mr. Pcmberton mer paper, of national poverty : More ef- . gives us, as the opinion of. Sir lfaac New- pecially thofe which fcem'd to argue, that, ton, fee his View, p. 356, where he lays, in point of ability, merit, feme©, fpirif, 4* that this whole globe of earth, nay, &c. Sec, this country was never fo poor all the known bodies in the univei fe to* as now. gether, as far as we know, may be com- 1 have fince caft my eye on the peerage- pounded of no greater portion of folid lifts, both Irifli and English * and, upon matter, than might be reduced into a E fight of fo many new creations, and fo globe of one inch only in diameter, or many new promotions, cannot avoid tak*> even lefs.** Now had we not a great ing mame to myfelf, by acknowledging many other leafons to think thefe great thus publickly, that the contrary is true 5 men were in their fenfes, by fuch after- and that neither this, nor any other cona- tions as thefe, . I think, we muft have try, ever produced fuch a crop of worthies, fuppofed them to be mad men, by form- in fo (hoit a fpace of time before. Ine an idea that the whole univerfe and After frverai tber things faid in the jam* all it contains could be reduced to Co p manner on this fuhjeel, the writar prictedi fmall a compafs as a common walnut. thus : To lay all in a wordr were even When they were imagining, they might the old, old nobility to take umbrage at as well have faid a grain of muftard j their new companions (as fome foolifli which, I think, would have feemed a little people affect to wonder they do n«t) and, more furprifing to the vulgar, in imitation of thofe, who, on a late me* If this gentleman thinks aether a more morable occauoo, werc-fo extremely sea* proper name than light, as not being fo lous to draw a line between the peerage Intelligible to the vulgar, I will not dif- and the commons pf Britain, were alio pute it with him; but 1 cannot agree Gto draw a line between the two clafleij ■ that this aether or light can be more denfe who would regard the di(bnAion» or dii^ in one place than in another; no, the tinguUh the diffidence? Is -not the mm- denfity and ratity are occasioned by the tage of honour as much in the difpofition different mixtures of light and air. of the crown as that of the coin i la it "Whet ever light abounds there it will bemoft t^ be luppofed, (hat the ♦ * • * weu*A and where the aii abounds, there it p«l Digitized by VjO£)QI€

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175** Ouniovs h Relation, to the PEERAGE. 461 put hit image and fuperfcription on any councils mentioned by Csefar and Tacitus, one piece that was not of ft andard -value j or in the great atTcmblies of the Saxons, apd confequenfly needed nothing but the* it could be of no advantage to fuch a» are royal ftamp, to authonfc it* own curren- now called by thofe r-mes. They *ven* cy f U there any man fo ridiculous a* to the titles of office conlerr'd upon thofe' prefer an old, thin, half-worn guinea of who did and couid beft conduct the ^eo- Charle* 11 to one of George Jf. /rein out pie in time 01 war, ejvc , ounci; to the of the Mint, with fo many additions of \ king, ad.ninifter juftice, and perform' German arms, and German titles upon other pubiick duties, but were never made tbern ? And as to the old coins of the hereditary, except by abufc : Much left Tudors and Plantagenets, do they net were they fold U r money, or gi*«n» ^ re-' exactly refemble the old nobility of thofe compences of the vile t fervLes. If the times ? Are not they in a manner worn antient order be totally inverted, and the out ? Are their names any otherwife re- ends of its irftttution perverted, they, collected or considered than as fo many who from thence pretend to be dittin- belps to hiftory ? Are they to be found in R guifhed from other men, muft build their any of the great offices of ftate which claim upon fomething very different from were held with fo much luftre by their antiquity.** aaccftors ? And have not, on the contra- Thirdly, Mr. Locke defines the prero- ry, the new men, like the new guineas, gative, to be a power in the fuprtme ma- got the dart of them in all things F giftrate, of acting at difcretion, >r with- And now having premifed thus much in out a rule, for the pubiick ^ood, in taufes favour of the present fyftem, I mall fin where the laws are filent : And, having" op the reft of my paper, with the opiai* fufficiemiy enlarged upen the ufe, pro- ons of paA times on fame fuch topicks asC ceeds in thefe word upon the reductions thefe j begging pardon at the fame time> occafioned by the abufe, to wit. " But for having called them authorities, in my when miftake or flattery prevailed with introduction : For fome of them having' weak princes to make ufe of tnis j.uwer been already exploded by the wifdom of for private ends of their own, and rot* the nation j and all of them laid afide fot the pubiick good, the people were with other obfoletes, it is plain, they are fain, byexprefs laws, to ret the prercga- ©f no authority at all. ttve determined in thofe points wherein In the nrft piece, then, Mr. Selden jn they found difadvantage from it.*' takes the liberty to fay* " the making of And, laftly, our annals furntfh us with new lords lenens all the reft :" And by a one remarkable inftance, of a mini Aerial familiar reference of the ftory of a coon- fcheme avowed in parliament by an ex- try fellow, who- never could be brought prefs menage from the throne, to curtail to pray to a St. Nicholas, which he knew • the prerogative in one inftance, by limit* bad been made out of his own plum-tree, ing the number cf peers ; which at the infinuate*, how hard it is to honour the death of Q^ E'lzabeth was but 57, the name, when we cannot help defpifing the biihops excepted -} and at that thr.e was materials. £ increafed to 178 ; difference 121. That martyr to patrotifm, Mr. Sydney, I touch upon this as mc, e matter of alfo, exprenes hirrifelf on the fubjelt of hiftorial curiofity ; for the opportunity nobility, in the following brave words. being once loft, repentance comes too* *' I forbear to mention the fordid ways of Jate : And, it 1 add any part of the con- attaining to titles in our days t But who- troverfy, not commonly to be found in ever will take the pains to examine them, the collections relating to it, it may be (ball find, that they rather defile than en- alfo fuppefed, 1 do it for fear that fhould noble the potfefibrs : And, whereas men p be loft likewife. are truly ennobled only by virtue, and re- The reafon of the bill afligned in the fpeft is duo to fuch as ate descended from fasd mefTage was, " to fecure the freedom thofe who have bravely ferv'd their coon- and constitution of parliaments to all fu- try, becaofe it is presumed, (til] they (hew ture agees $•• and the argument employ- ee contrary) that they will referable their ed again rt it were diawn from the danger anccftors, thefe modern courtiers, by their arifing to the fame conftitution, from an names and titles, frequently oblige us to over-weight thereby given to the peerages call to mind fuch things as are not to be But this notion of an over-weight 01 that mentioned without blofhing. Whatever G kind was not admitted by the friends of' the antieot noblemen p( England were, the bill ; for, at the fame that they did we are Aire they were not fuch as thefe. admit every Angle peerage would be of And, tho' it ihould be coniefted, that no more value to the holder than it "was be- orbers but dukes, marquefles, earls, vif- fore, they denied, the whole number as counts %nd barons had their placea in the determined by the bill, would be near fo ton- Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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462 Ttifipatt* to the Bill for Limiting tl* PEERAGE. Oft. considerable, as a greater nombcr would crown fuch a jewel as the power of bri~ oeceflarily become, on a fuppofttion, they bery, when fuch a conjuncture may pof- were to go on. encreafing as they had Ably happen in which there nay be ©c- hitherto done : For it was faid, the great- cation for it ?" And 'that, in fliort, no- *r the number of peers was, the more left the bill was furrered to pafs, the con- land and money would be poftefled by the Aitution would not only be (hocked at whole body of peers taken together ; the often as a number of peers was made, more numerous would be their relations, j± whether for a good or bad purpofe ; bat, friends, acquaintance and dependants ; by the ordinary courfe of progrcfllon, as alfo the Wronger their influence in firft would, fo often, be brought fo much electing, and then ruling a houfe of com- nearer both to contempt and ruin, mom $ in confequeoce of which, the Then, as to the objections offered to boufe of commons might be little more that part of the bill, which fubffctuted than the houfc of peers over again, form- 25 hereditary peers in lieu of the 16 ing thofe money-bills which the latter, elected by the peers of Scotland accord- were only to pafs ; full of their creatures ; ing to the articles of union, it was (aid, not the reprefentatives of the commons " the bare ftare of their cale was enough of Great Britain, but of the lords j not to (hew, that the alteration propofod, even the reprefentatives of property, any was for the credit of both parties : They otherwife than by reprefenting the peers, being at prefent, but a fort of infect- who, in fuch cafe, would have moft of lords, generated by court fun-mine in a the property in their hands : Nor, in corrupt foil, having but a tranfitory ex- any refpeel, operating as a balance againft iftence, and no hope, but from their good the lords, bur, on the contrary, operated behaviour, of a parliamentary regene- upon and fubfervient to their influence Q ration, when their parliamentary being only j which fubfervience would give was brought to a period, them in effect a monopoly of all parlia- And, whereas It was alfo urged againft snentary power, and thereby render them the bill, that the remedy it contained waa matters of the constitution. not fuited to the evil ; but that, in cafe It was alfo urged, ridiculoufly enough, of any fuch abufe of the prerogative, as by fuch of the whigs as had complained feemed to be indicated by it, the ad- fo bitterly in the preceding reign of the vifer of fuch abufe, ought to be made very thing they now contended for t that, _. anfwerable for it j to this it was anfwer- in depriving the crown of the power of u ed, that fuch an alteration had the times forming a majority, by as many new undergone, that minifters could only b* creations as would ferve any prefent pur- punimed, by minifters : That he, who pofe, the lords would be rendered too obtained the office, by what means to- mighty for the crown s To which it was ever, thought it his perquisite to abfolve anfwered, that the crown had much Itfs his predeceflbr, how obnoxious or guilty to apprehend on one1 hand, than both the foever: That this was marufeft both crown and the people too had on the from reafon and experience: And that other t And that in all difficult caufes the £ confequently the clamours of the houfe leaft evil was to be chofen : As alfo, that of commons for inquiries, impeachments, in the particular thus objected to, which &c. would from thence forward refemble was the rendering the lords indepen- thofe gales which (hook the foreft with dent, lay the very virtue of the bill t their noife, without rooting up a Angle That if thofe who pretended to be lovers tree j tho* many were ready to drop with of liberty thought it eligible for the crown their own rottennefs. to have it in its power to lay fuch a force Laftly, it was faid, that the commons, on the lord*, for a force it certainly was, p (where all the material opposition lay) they ought, for the fame confiderations, r at leaft the bulk of them, were as souch to infift on the expediency of bribery too. out of the queftion as thofe who were As thus, if a propofal was made to lay without their doors : And that if aB the the ax to the root of bribery, would it afpircis among them were to be gratified not appear very odd in an advocate for with peerages, their (hare of the mif- libtrty to reply in fuch terms as thtfe ? chief reiulting from it, would, Jn the «« Indeed bribery is not in itftlf a good end, be much the fame with that of thtk thin^. It has been already ufed almort fellow- fubjects* That when one part of • to the ruin of the whole — it may beQ the conftitution, or a mixture of the (e- ufed more effectually for that purpofe in veral parts, would, like Aaron's ferpsnt, time to come. But then, in cafe of a re- be in a capacity to fwallow up the reft, fraflory difpofition in the lords, how will all would then look back to «hie great it he poinble to foften them ? And how crifis with regret. That in fbeb cafe, ' trd will it be to take away from the either vv'-h or without a cOattA* list 5 , caufe OOQ

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1 753. Improving Land. Prefcrving Fruit. 46$ caufe of the community would pro- Land, however rich and fertile in it* bably be defperate j or rather there would felf, is of no value, if it lies at a diftance* be no community at all— And that al- from any inhabited country. The more ready, for want of a due balance, every populous any place is, the greater is the tiling was to be apprehended from a value of land in it. If in England there combination of grandees, attached to are feven or eight millions of people, and profligate minifters, and devoted to the if the land throughout the nation is now Will of a refolute prince. ^ worth feven or eight millings an acre * - . * .r ^ « * » ... ,A„nAv tben !t is probable, that every addition of ?iri,AUTHOR of Hi* LONDON a minionr t0 our ^^ wouM ^^ MAGAZINE. our rents one miiling an acre, and that SIR, the lofs of a million would decreafe them AN account was publifhed not long as much, ago of the Norfolk husbandry j by Thefe points being not to be contre- which any one, who is curious in fuch verted ; it is plainly abfurd, to attempt enquiries, may be in feme meafure in- to raife, or fupport, the value of land, formed, how a tract of land, formerly B by any expedient, which will leftcn the efteemed poor and barren, is now be- number of our people. But the number come one of the moil fruitful countries of our people muft be leflened by ever/ in the world, and annually exports more thing, which is prejudicial to our trade, than half as much corn, as all the red of and every thing is prejudicial to our trade,, the kingdom. The chief art, by which which enhances the prices of our manu- this wonderful change has been effected, factures we export. And thefe price* is that of varying frequently the produce. muft be enhanced by every thing, which The fame inclofure is never fown with Q makes the neceffaries of life dear at home, corn for feveral years together j but after Now the bounty on exported com one or two harvefts, it bears grafs or plainly contributes to make it dear at turnips ; and the, cattle which feed on home. It therefore encreafes the price* thefe, manure the ground, and prepare of our manufactures, is prejudicial t» it for another crop of corn. Thus it our trade, leflens the number of our peo- ia contrived, that the land is never un- pie, diminiflies the growth of corn, and profitable. The turnips pay the charge is oppofite to the intereft of our farmers of tillage : and when it is ncceflary that it and land-owners. Jhould reft from bearing corn, it is then co- */ vercd plentifully with fown grafs. Now it ^Mitmod«/ prefer*™ FRUIT. would be impoflible for the farmers to ^ purfue this method of husbandry, if they r)ITCH upon the beft and moft perfect had not a market for their mutton, beef, \ of the fruit you would preferve whilft and butter. Thefe they fend in great hanging upon the tree, which is not in quantities to London ; and it is the fale the leaft bruifed, nor the (kin any where of them which has enabled the Norfolk fcratched or broken. Do not touch nor. hofbandmen to bear the expence of open- £ gather it with your hands, but tiea ftrong ing clay pits, and by the help of this thread about the ftalk, and, holding the manure to improve their foil. And if thread tight in your hand, cut the ftalk the demands for thefe things were much above the thread with a pair of feiffars i encrcafed, almoft all the wafte grounds The fruit being thus detached from the in the kingdom would be broken up, and tree without touching the branches or turned to advantage. any thing elfe, clofe the cut end of the My defign in making thefe remarks is ftalk with Spanifti wax to prevent the air only to (hew, By one inftance, out of p acting upon it. Then roll up a meet of many which might be offered, how much * paper in the form of a cone, with a little the intereft of the fanner and land-owner opening at the top } through this aperture depends on the number of our people. pafs the thread tied to the ftalk of the Some have fooli/hiy imagined, that the fruit, fo that it may be fufpended in the exportation of com may fupport the price cone, tben clofe the aperture with (oft of it. But it mould be firft confidered, green wax, and fold in the paper at the -whether it can preferve the growth of it. bottom, and clofe and fecure it with wax If the consumption of cattle, and other in like manner, fo that the air may be products of our land, declines ; the G effectually excluded, for if the air had ^h of corn, and confequently the accefs to the fruit, it would foon fpoil asportation of it muft decline alfo. and corrupt. The little cone inclofing Ht t» therefore apparent, that the more the fruit may then be hung by the thread lie we have to eat our meat at home, upon a nail in a dry temperate place, more corn we (hall bare to fpare for neither hot nor cold, fo as it may not touch Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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46$ A Defcriptfon of Ri c h mow 3 in Yor Kstti it e. 0&. touch any thing : and by thefe means ftocfcings is carried on, which is indeed fruit may be preserved quite found and a very confiderable one, and of late great* perfect for two or three years. Apples, ly increkfed, as alfo that of knit caps, peas, plunlbs, cherries, and all fuch lik name of Richmondfhire, and is in the tinucHfrcmp. 424. diocefc of Chefter. It is called Richmond" TjAVlNG now given art account of from its fituation upon a hilf or mount, . fl the mod remarkable bills that wen) having a rich and fertile foil about it, » hrft fefflon pa fled into laws, we (hall ne Charles, on whofe death in 1750, the be fit for the purpofe j for whilft tftqf prefenf duke fucceeded to the title. The are allowed to employ fervants andl '~ Greets of the town are neat and hand- fellows to ferve for them, n. militia d» fbme, and it holds pleas in all kinds of he fafe, or any other way uf&iil r*&W actions. It is faid, that in the year 1732, ferve for breeding recruits for ourM> Mr. Wharton of Newcastle, agent to his ing army, grace the late dukeof Richmond, by order- p ing feveral places he' e to be dug very deep, lea discovered the draw-bridge and moat be- pa longing to Richmond caftle, which were bit ef very curious workmanship. am Here thrives a kind of manufactory of ret Knit yarn ' ftockin^s for fervants and or- bei dinary people. Even, family u employed Ri that way, both r eat and fmall $ and p;rA'er>moreland, or rather n'o from Weftmoreland, hither ; for, at Ken- * a'l ' dal, Kirkby Stephen, 3nd fuch other • ] places in that* county as border upon" be' Vorkflure, the chief manufacture of yarn Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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tfS}. Summary af the lafl Seffion ctf Parliament. 465 bo gratioufly pleafed to give directions, Mr. Hume, Mr. Charles Tewnrtiend, hi • that there mould be laid before that houfe, Ofwald, and the lord Dupplin, were 01 - tfce printed acts of aflembly paffad in the dered to prepare and bring in the fame, ifland of Jamaica from 168 1, to 1737, The bill was accordingly prefentcd by tl.c mclufive. The 23d Mr. John Pitt, (from lotd Dupplin, May 9, when it was lead the commiflioners of trade and plant a- a firit time and ordered to be read a fic- tions) prefented to the houfe, purfuant cond time, and to be printed ; but was tc> their addrefs to his majefty of March * carried no farther during laft fcfiion. % Mt 17 sa* a report prepared by the faid Feb. 23, there was prefented to the commiflioners, in purfuance of the faid houfe and read, a petition of the mcr- addrefs, relating to the prefent ftate of chants and dealers in linen, of the city the ifland of Jamaica, and alfo copies of of London, whofe names were thereun- feveral accounts relating to the trade of to fubferibed j alledging, that the act the faid ifland, and of feveral late acts palted in the 18th year of his majefty'a paflcd there, for encouraging white peo- reign, for prohibiting the wear and im- ple to come over and fettle in that ifland, portation of cambricks and French lawns, • Sec. as an appendix to the faid report 5 B and further explained and enforced by and alfo at the fame time he prefented to a fubfequentlaw, had by long experience, the houfe the printed alts add retted for as been found ineffectual, to the great dctri- abovc. All which were ordered to lie upon ment of his majefty's revenue, and the the table. The 27th the faid report, &c. lofs of this branch of trade to the fair were referred to a committee of the whole merchants and dealers, and putting it houfe ; and Mr. alderman Beckford into the hands of fmugglers and unfair moved for an addrefs to his majefty, that traders 5 therefore praying the houfe lie would give directions for laying before q to do therein as to them mould feem the houfe, a copy of the addrefs to his meet. This petition was referred to Viajefty, from the council and aflembly - a committee of the whole houfe $ and of the iflind of Jamaica, reprefenting to feveral accounts relating to the importa- his majefty the hate of the faid ifland j * lion and exportation of cambricks being in which motion he was feconded by Sir called for and referred to the faid com- Francis Dafhwood, but the fame being mitcee, the houfe refolved itfelf into the objected to by the lord Dupplin, Charles fame, March 23, and directed Sir Wil- Townfliend, Efqj Sir William Yonge, lia:a Calvert, their chairman, to move Robert Nugent, Efqj Edward Elliot, Efqj D for leave to bring in a bill, for the more and Henry Pelham, Efq; the queftion effectual preventing the fraudulent im- was carried in the negative. March 8, portation of cambricks and French lawns, the houfe refolved itfelf into the faid which he did the 27th, when it was grant- committee, and next day the reflations ed, and Sir William Yonge, Mr. alder- of the f«me being reported by. Mr. John man Baker, and he, wercoidered to pre- Pitt, and agreed to by the houfe, were pare and bring in the fame, .which was as follow, 1. That the peopling the ifland the more furprifing, as it had from ex- of Jamaica with white inhabitants, and £ perience been found to be impoflible cultivating the lands theieof, is the moit to prevent the importation of cambricka proper meafure for the fecurity of that and French lawns from other countries ifland, and for increasing the trade and under d.ficrent names, and ftilmoreim- navigation between that ifland and Great- poflible to prevent the confumption. Britain, as well as to and from other parts However, a bill was prepared as ordered, of his majefty's dominions. 2. That the and prefented by Sir William Yonge, endeavours hitherto ufed by the legiflative April 17, when it was read a firit time, of the ifland of Jamaica, to encreafe the and ordered to be read a fecond time, ntimber of white inhabitants, and to en- F The 19th it was read a fecond time, and force the cultivation of lands, in the man- committed to a committee of the whole ner w^hich.may conduce bell to the fe- houfe for the Wednefday fe'nnight follow^- curiry and defence of that ifland, have ing. But by this time the, linen-draper* pot been effectual for thefe purpofes. having feen the bill, had taken the alarm, Theft? refolutions being thus agreed to, therefore on that day there was prefented Mr- PJtt, by direction from the committee, to the houfe and read a petition of the merv .jnoved for leave to bring in a bill for the chants and dealers in linen of the cities of better peopling the ifland of Jamaica q London and Weftminfter, and borough of with white inhabitants, for encouraging Southwark,- whofe names were thereunto the cultivation of lands at prefent unculti- fubferibed, on behalf of tbemfelves, and vated in that ifland, and for making a pro- allother the merchants and dealers in linen per distribution of fuch lands j which be- within Great-Britain j alledging, that ing* agreed to, the faid Mr. John Pitt, fliould thfc faid bill be palled into a law, -Qftobcr, 1753. Nza it Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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466 Summary of the loft Seflion of Parliament Oft. it would lay very great hardships and the bill with the amendments was order- difficulties upon the fair trader, without ed to be ingroffed., May 1, the bill was> retraining the infamous pradice of fmug- ordered to be read a third time on the fling, or the fcvcral other illicit means, Friday following, which order was pmt by which the ads for prohibiting the ira- off until May 8, when the order of the portation and wear of cambricks and day being read, a motion was made, French lawns had been hitherto eluded; that the bill be now read a third time, which therefore praying to be heard by their p^ being oppofed, a long debate enfued, c6unfel againft the faid bill ; and it was wherein lieut. gen. Oglethorpe, Mat* ordered, that they (hould be heard by Ridley, Eft}; Thomas Pitt, Ifq; William themfelves or counfel upon the report 5 Thornton, Efq; Thomas Whicheot, Efq; after which the houfe refolved itfelf into Robert Vyner, Efq; col. Haldane, and a committee of the whole houfe upon Humphry Sydenham, Efq; (poke againft the faid bill, as they did alfo the next the motion ; and Thomas Potter, day, when the report was ordered to be Efq; the lord Harrington, George Gren- feceived upon that day fe'nnight. In the ville, Efq; Charles Yorke, Efq; and the mean time petitions to the fame effect *> j0rd HUUborough, for agreeing to it. with the laft, were prefented againft the At lad the queftion was put and carried bill, from the merchants and dealers in in the affirmative by 57 to 17 ; where* Jinen of Briftol, Reading, Prefton, and upon the bill was read a third time, m York ; and when the report came to be claufe added by way of rider, and feveraf received, May 17, fuchftrongreafons were amendments made to the bill, after which given by the petitioners counfel and wit* the queftion was put and agreed to for Defies againft the bill, that it was re- its patting, and Mr. Potter was or- committed for that day month,andfodropt. Q dered to carry the bill to the lords, and March 27, a motion was made and defire their concurrence, which their lord- teave given to bring in a bill for taking (hips did not think fit to grant, and con* and regiftering an annual account of the fequently the bill was loft, total number of people, and of the total We come now, according to our ufoal number of marriages, births, and deaths, method, to give fome account of the moft and alfo of the total number of poor re- remarkable affairs of laft fefiion, in which ' ceiving alms from every parifti, and ex- fome bill feemed defigned, but none ac- traparochial place in Great* Britain ; and ^ tually brought in ; the firft of which was k was ordered, that Mr. Potter, Mr. u a motion made, Feb. 1, for an inftrufrion Grenville, the lord Strange, the lord Hillf- to the committee of the whole houfe, borough, the lord Barrington, the to whom it was referred to confider fur- lord Duppiin, Mr. Charles Yorke, the ther of ways and means for railing ths) lord advocate of Scotland, and Mr. Of- fupply granted to his majefty, that they wald, (hould prepare and bring in the (hould have power to confider of the a& tame. Accordingly the bill was prefented of the firft year of his majefty's reign, to the houfe by Mr. Potter, March 30, for prohibiting the importation of wine when it was read a firft time, and or- £ in flafks, bottles, or fmall calks, fo far dered to be read a fecond time ; and a mo- as the faid aft relates to the prohibiting* tion was then made, that the faid bill the importation of certain wines in Mates be now printed ; but upon the queftion' s or bottles. The defign of this motion -being put, it wis carried in the negative. was to have given liberty to import Bnr- April 2, it was read a fecond time and gundy and Champaign wines in flaflca committed to a committee of the whole or bottles, as they are apt to be fpoiPd houfe for the Friday following, which when imported in large calks ; but as it jrdeV being put off till next day, the » would have been a lofs to our own glafr houfe then refolved itfelf intoJ the the faid manufactures', which now pay a heavy- tommittee ; and Sir William Calvert, the duty, the queftion after fome debate was Tthairman, reported the bill with the a- carried in the negative, by 141 to 76 j ■toiendmtnts, when it was ordered, that and the principal fpeakers were lore the report mould be taken into confide- Hillfborough and Henry Fox, Efq; for ration1 ubon the Monday ft'rmight follow- the motion; and Robert Nugenj, Efq; ing, and that fuch a number of copies of the lord Luxborough, and Charles Cocks, the bfll, with the amendments, mould Efq; againft it; Henry Pelham, Efq;wh* be printed, as (hould be fufficient for theG likewife fpoke, having declared himftff ufeofthe members of that houfe. Accord- entirely indifferent, ingly on Monday April 16, the faid report Feb. 15, there was prefented to tht was taken into confederation, as it was alfo houfe and read, a petition of feverai pef- *on the iSth and 19th, during which time fens employed in the bufineft of frame* ftvetar debates enfued, and great .oppo - work knitting in the town of Nottingham* fttioj* was made to this bill, bufat laft 'in Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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*793* Summary of tie hfi Scffion of Parliament. 467 in behalf of themfelves, and all other perfons felves or counfel, in order to exculpate employed in the faid trade j fetting forth, themfelves from the charge contained in the that the company of frame-work knitters faid petitions, and that the houfe would be of the city of London had made certain pleafed to give leave, that a bill might be by-laws, by which, againft all reafon, and brought in for regulating the faid trade, contrary to the liberty of the fubjects of in fuch manner as to the houfe mould Great-Britain, they inverted themfelves feem meet. This petition was likewise with a power of laying fuch taxes upon ^ referred to the faid committee, and the themfelves at might greatly aflift them in petitioners to be heard by their counfel, carrying into execution their pernicious if they thought fit j as were alfo the other schemes of extending their jurifdidion over petitioners, if they thought fit j after this the whole kingdom, and eftabliming in feveral other petitions were prefented, fome themfelves, a power of fearchingali places in favour of, and others agalnft the corn- belonging to the members of the faid fo- pany, and all referred to the faid com- eiety, or any ufing the faid myftery, and . mittee, whofe report was made by Mr* moreover endeavouring to monopolize the D Thoro ton, April 13, and taken into con- lending of frames for hire 5 and alledging, ™ fideration by the houfe the 19th, when that thefe, and other oppreffions, under the following refolutions of the com- which the manufacture laboured, from mittee were agreed to, viz. z. That the this company, it was feared, would great- by-laws of the company of the frame* \y affect the trade of this kingdom, unlefs work knitters, incorporated by a charter, the poor manufacturers meet with the bearing date, Auguft 19, in tjie 15th protection and afliftance of the houfe ; year of the reign of king Charles II. are and therefore praying the houfe to take injurious and vexations to the manu- thefe matters into consideration, and grant C facturers, and tend to the difcouragement the petitioners, and the faid trade in ge- of industry, and to the decay of the faid rcral, fuch relief as to the houfe mould manufacture, a. That the powers granted feem meet. At the fame time there was by the faid charter, are hurtful to the another petition to the lame effect pre- trade, and tend to a monopoly. 3. That fented from the inhabitants of Guildford, the carrying on vexatious profecutions Godalmln, and places adjacent, and a againft any perfon, male or female, for third from thefe and feveral other places exerdfing the art and myftery of frame- in the county of Surrey ; all which were n work knitting, is hurtful to the mami- referred to the consideration of a com- ** faeture, and deftructive to the trade of mittee, at which all that came were to this kingdom. Thus this affair ended have voices. The 20th, another petition for laff feflton ; and it was certainly a to the fame effect with the former was very ticklim affair 5 for in all countries prefented from Nottingham, and refer- that have been famous tor manufactures, red to the fame committee; and the Came they have laid their manufacturers under day, there was prefented a petition of fome certain regulations, and fubjected the mailer, wardens, affiilants, and fo- their manufactures to a review before ciety of framework knitters, and alfo of Ethey were allowed to be expofed to fale ; divers hofiers, dealers, and manufacturers but the great difficulty is to prevent in the faid trade, living and refiding in an oppreflive or corrupt ufe being made and about the city of London, taking of the power by thofe who are intruded notice of the faid petitions, and fetting with the making of this review, or efta- forth, that the petitioners were incor- bliftung or altering thofe regulations. In porated by a charter of king Charles II. this country we have no proper court for by virtue whereof they had from time to this purpofe ; therefore the power of re- time made fuch orders and by-laws, as „ viewing or regulating any manufacture to them appeared beft calculated to ad- * will always, we fear, be made a bad ufe ranee and improve the laid manufactury, of 5 and yet it is of the moft dangerous and (as they hoped to make appear to the confluence to the credit of a manufsc- houfe) without fuch intentions or effects ture, to leave every manufacturer at full as were alledged in the faid petitions ; liberty to work up his manufafture after and alledging, that the (aid manufacture what manner he pleafes. is of the utmeft importance to the trade March 7, there was prefented to the of this kingdom, and that fome further houfe and read a petition of the feveral regulations were neceffary to be madeG brewers, diftillers, dyers, wolftapl«rr&, therein, for reitoring the credit thereof, fellmongers, tanners, harmakers, and which had of late years very much de- other manufacturer*, refidmtr wirhin the creafed in the moil valuable and eflential borongh of Southwark, whofe names branch 5 and therefore praying, that fiich were thereunto fubferibed, in behalf of of the petitioners ,ae were members of the themfelves, and the icrt of the inhabitants /aid company, might be heard by them* Nnm o*

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468 Summary of the lajt Scflion of Parliament Qft.' of the faid borough; fetting forth, that and the price of fugars attheBritifli fogar the petitioners were frequently obliged colonies is more than double the price of to receive in payment from their corre- what it is at the French fugar colonic* j and fpondents and chapmen large quantities that the excesltve gain of the Britifh plan- of halfpence, and that the petitioners had * ters, by a deficient importation (all fo- htely met with great lofles and incon- reign fugars being excluded by cfctit*, veniencos, by means of an extraordinary which amount to a prohibition) may be a circulation of bafe metal, made in the a temptation to them to forbear breaking up form ot halfpence, of which the peti- more land for fugar plantations, efpe- tioners had then in their hands to a confi- daily in the iftand of Jamaica, where the derable amount ; and therefore praying petitioners are informed large trads of the houfe to take the premifles into their land, fit for that purpofe do remain un- confideration, that the making of the faid ■ cultivated ; and that the common people bafe metal into the form of halfpence, and of England* are deprived of one of the their currency, might be prevented for conveniences of life, by the prefent high the future ; and that the petitioners might price of fugars, and the petitioners of have fuch other relief in the premifles, B the benefit of Supplying them therewith, as to the houfe mould feem meet. This and thofe who can afford it, are obliged petition was ordered to lie upon the table, to pay double the price which the reft of - and not taken up again during the fcfiion; Europe do for the fame commodity ; and tho* there feems to beat prefent no proper that there is no poflibility of exporting la>w again A counterfeiting copper money} either Mufcovada fugar, or refined, to for the penalty is but 5I. and feems not to be any port in Europe, not even to Ireland, recoverable unlefs it can be proved, that the prices here being much higher than the defendant has coined at leaft a pound q in any other part of the world, for weight ; nor is there any penalty upon which reafon the traders in Ireland have the perfon that utters the fame, knowing made ufe of the liberty they have of it to be counterfeited ; therefore we can- importing fugar from Portugal 5 and that not wonder at fuch quantities of counter- the very great difparity of the price of feit copper money being imted, confi- fugar here, and in France, Flanders, and dcring the profit that may be got thereby. Holland, is a ftrong temptation to fmug- March ao, there was prefented to the gle fugar from thence, to the great Kn- houfe and read, a petition of the fugar jury of the government, and of the fair refiners, grocers, and other dealers in*' trader) and the petitioners are credibly fugar, in the cities of London and Weft- informed, that large quantities of re- minfter, and the borough of Southwark, fined fugars are fmuggled into Scotland, whofe names were thereunto fubferibed, and that in other parts of the kingdom fetting forth as follows, viz. That the French fugar loaves are fold at a much price of Mufcovada fugar is become ex- lower price than they can be afforded by ceflively high, owing to a deficient im- our own refiners j and that the deficient portatien from our fugar colonies in importation of fugar is of great detriment America, notwithftanding the a flu ranees £ to the manufacture of refining fugar, given by the planters, in the year 1739, wherein a great number of families, in of a much greater fupply, when the ahnoft every part of the kingdom, are now kegiflature indulged them the liberty of concerned, and a great number of hands fending their fugars dire&ly to any lb- employed, and which gives employment reign port fouth of Cape Finifterre ; and and maintenance to many other manufac* that ever fince Lady-day 1749, the fugar turers, and pays considerable taxes to the planters have received for their fugars a government j for by ihe prefent fcarcity much higher price than what they did _ they are deprived of fugar to refine (nor for many years before the commence- *\ can the common people afford to pay ment of the late warj and notwithftanding for refining a commodity already fo dear) thefe encouragements, inftead of increaf- to their great lofs, being obliged to very ing their plantations, and fending home a large expences, even when they have no larger produce, they have decreafed in employment, and to the lofs of all thofe their importation ever fince the year 1739, who depend on their manufacture, and upon an average, very confiderably j and by the prefent immoderate price, can that the planters are greater gainers by have no hope of exporting any part ©f a fmall importation than a large one, but Q their produce, which when they wetu the navigation, the revenue, the peti- enabled to do, their labour and expenet tioners, and the confumers of fugar, are was repaid them by foreigners, and de- great fufferers 5 and that the foreign mar- feats the wife intentions of . the legulature kets are fupplied with fugar from the in granting a bounty upon the export of French at lefs than half the price it is here fugar refined in Great-Britain } and that fold for, exclufire of all duties paid here j . tht Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1753- Summary of tie laji Sefllon of Parliament 46* the inhabitants and proprietors of Jamaica » do during the war, the French, it feema, tuo* they have many hundred thooCind are refolved to do during the peace, acre* of land fit for ftigar plantations, As to thofc affairs of lart feflion wherein which, as they have publickly declared, are no bill feemed to be deflgned, the only iuificient to fupply all Europe with fugar, one we think ntfeeflary to take any notice and are exempt from the tax of 4 \ per of, was that relating to the King's Bench cent, to which our other fugar iflands prifon, which had been brought before are fubject, have notwithstanding forborn a the preceding feflion *, and in this lad to cultivate them, but inflead thereof, feflion a committee was appointed, Jan. have pradifed the trade of refining fugar ao, to enquire into the Mate of the King's there, and in order to encourage it, have Bench prifon, and of the office of marthal impofed a duty of no lefs than 6d. per of the court of King's Bench, and to re- pound on all refined fugar imported from port the fame, as it mould appear to Creat- Britain, to the great detriment of them, to the houfe. March 16, the re* the navigation and revenue of this king- port was made, and with the appendix, dem, as well as of the petitioners j and delivered to the houfe, by Sir William that in fome of the other Britim fugar B Calvert, their chairman j when it was , iflands refineries are likewifefet up, which referred to a committee of the whole practice is injurious to the navigation and houfe, and April 12, the houfe refolved revenue, by dimiriilhing the quantity of itfelf into the faid committee, when the/ Mu&ovada fugar which would otherwife came to the following refolutions, which be imported, and interferes with the ma- were by Mr. Cocks, the chairman, re- nufaCture of refining fugar here $ and ported, and agreed to by the houfe the therefore praying the houfe will take the next day, viz. 1. That the prifon of the premifes into their con Oder at ion, and make Q Marfhalfea of the King's Bench, is in its it the intereft of the Britim fugar colonies prefent condition, unfafe for the cuftody to produce and fend home a large quan- and dangerous to the health, of the pa- rity of fugar to Great- Britain, in order foners, which inconveniences cannot be to become more ufeful to their mother remedied, unlets the prifon be rebuilt. ' country, its trade, navigation, and re- 2. That the office of marflial of the faid venue, or to grant any other relief, as to Marfhalfea, is an office of great truft and the houfe mould feem meet. importance. 3. That the granting in fee As this petition contained fo many ~ by king James I. and the fubfequent mort- jmportant and allarming fads, it was ** gaging of the faid office, by perfons claim- immediately referred to the confederation ing title under the crown, has been a 9/ a committee of the whole houfe ; and very great obstruction to the due and pco- an the 23d a petition of much the fame perexercife of the faid office, highly de- purport was prefented from the fame fort trimental to the authority and jurifdic- of traders in Briftol; which wasreferred to diction of the faid court, and to the faiety fhe fame committee. Upon this occafion of the pri Toners committed to the &id a great number of accounts relating to prifon. And, 4. That the fum of 10,500!. the importation and exportation of fugars E will be a full and fufficient compenfation were by order laid before the houfe ; and to the mortgagees of the faid office, for Several perfons having been ordered to at- their eftate andinteicft in the fame. After tend the committee, the houfe refolved which Mr. Cocks moved, by direction itfelf into the fame, April 11, as it did from the committee, and it was refolved J ike wife the 17th, after which the com- to addrefs his majelty. that he would be jnittee was adjourned from time to time, graciouily pica fed to give directions, that till after the end of the feflion, without fome proper and convenient place mould doing any thing for the relief of the pe- p be found for the reception of the prifoncra titioners j but what they feemed te aim of the faid prifon, till fuch time as the at was, that a law mould be made for prifon mould be repaired or rebuilt ; and giving them leave to import fugars from that estimates might be laid before the any other place, when that from our houfe, in the next feflion, of the charge plantations fold above fuch a price here of repairing or rebuilding the faid prifon. 10 England, on paying for all fugars fo But no attempt was made, nor does it imported by them, near double the duty feem that there was any defign to brine vrhich is paid upon the fame fort of fugars in a bill for leiTening the number of pri- inrrported from our o*m fugar colonies. G foners in that or any other prifon, the This may convince us of the neglect we number of which is a reproach to this urcre guilty of during the laft war, in nation, and a flxong argument again/I not taking that opportunity to poflefs the wifdom and humanity of our laws 1 ourfeh/es of the neutral iflands in the for it is ridiculous to inflict imprifonmene <Wcfi • Indies j but what we neglected to by way of punifhment upon any offender • S« mr M«s«we/„ bfym, f. ,8^ by (

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470 A Mathematical Question, &c. . 0&. •rb.tfomr, and moch more fo ^to inflia AMutui,f ^M ^^ Flow,„ ;. «ft upon any one for not dome what this *" «.. #M £. a. u n^ A, £. itty imprisonment renders if impoffibre W^c^ *™ -V «* JJ" ^ •for him to do : becaufe it is generally /^HOOSE fome of the moft perfca too fevere upon a poor wretch who can- V-i buds of the flowers you would pre- not fupport himfelf, and fcarcely any pu- **ve, foch as are lateft in blowing, and nimment at all upon the rich, who may ready to open ; cut them off with a pair -porchafe almoft any indulgence they plcafe a of fciffars, leaving to each, if ooffible, a 4rom the keeper of the prifon. piece of the ftcm about 3 inches long 5 We fhall now therefore conclude this cover the end of the Item immediately Summary with obfcrving, that June 7, with Spaniih wax, and when the buds bis majefty came to the houfe of peer*, are a little mrunk and wrinkled, wrap and after giving the royal affent to all the each of them up feparately in a piece of fcilh that were ready, he put an end to paper perfectly clean and dry, and lock the fcffibn, by a moft gracious fpeech them up in a dry box or drawer, and frem the throne, which our readers may they will keep without corrupting. fee in our Magazine for that month, p. » In winter, or any other time, when j2i you would have the flowers blow, take the buds over-night, and cut off the end 9§ tbe AVTHOK of' the j-ONDON of the ftem fealed with Spanifh wax, and .MAGAZINE. put the buds into water, wherein a little SIR, nitre or fait has been infufed, and tbe BY inferting the following queftion next day you will have the pleafure of in your next Magazine, you will feeing the buds open and expand them- fnuch oblige C ^vts» am* tnc fl°wers dMplay their moft Your humble fervant, lively colours and breathe their agreeable E. JOHNSON, odours. Teacher of the Mathcmaticks at Hull. ' tj, MONITOR.N0.60. Q^ITE S T I O N. From tbe London-Dailt-Adviitis*»« IT is required to find how many dif- _ . . . r . . . n fereniways it is poffible to pay 100I. &£&*?& *£"' "Lilt J**"9 thac naturc ^id not regard UT *=N^ of moidores ; jr=N° of man as a creature of low and mean cori- _ 18s. pieces, and *=N° of crowns. dition ; but gave him life, and threw Then, by the queftion, *■ 1 Y \ g=ioo ; him upon this vicious world, as into a vaft and i7x-\-i%y^-$zz=zi&Qo j from the firft and fpacious amphitheatre, to view and equat. jcrsioo—)-— *, and from thefecond £ examine all .before him : She entered him aooo — t8v c:s j • mmmm fpeclator at once and adlor in the fcene j |ts= — - •• ioq j — a candidate for fame and immortality j *ooo— iSy-~c« k 700—22* who fhould not condefcend to admire ex- "' — ■3-,whencejr= . — — ^^ wbat vvaS magnificent 5 and who 7— a« mould breathe nothing but glory. It J7— 1«-{- - — i- $ now , or was therefore me implanted in his foul a 9 9 ftrong and an invincibly palfion for every A*~~7 mud be a whole number, P thing that was great and divine ; together 9 ' * with a noble difdain of mcannefs in him- aherefore the leaft value of 2 muft be {v\{f and contempt of it in all things. •=4 ; to which add the denominator 9, Hence it is, that the whole earth is not "and we get 13 for the fecond value of «; capacious enough for the extenfive con- 13 4-9=-* for a third value, and templations of the human mind j and .*2+9=3 » for a fourth. And hy writing that our thoughts foar above the beavens, *hefe numbers one by one for « in the ex- and penetrate beyond thofe boundariea preffion 7™-™«, w<J thmc<J t||C which terminate tht uniyei*. r 9 * G Difdaming to be limited by the Bar- four following anfwers j which are all the row powers of our fenfes, we open th* queftion will admit of. field ,to our imagination; and as if the x=z8 41 54 67 earth on which we tread, were too mean j.=:68 46 24 a for our confidering, we ex am me Worldt as= 4 13 2.1 sx that revolve at ioimenfc diftances above Ottf Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1753- Powers of the HUMAN MIND. 471 our fun, and fancy millions more re- ourfelves the creatures of a Power capable volviog in the fame unaltered coorfe a- to have formed fuch wonders 5 we be« bout the feveral ftars. come great while we admire his magni* We diftinguim behind and beyond all licence $ and at the fame time we fee of thefe, our unaffifted fight difcovers ourfelves little and inconfiderable in com* others not lefs in magnitude, but feemlng parifon with thofe things which fo a- fo becaufe more diftant ; and that genius ftoniih our imaginations ; we fed a poc- we receive from heaven, extenfive as the ^ tion of divinity within us, we difeover infinite fpace which it contemplates, and that to entertain a fenfe of thefe hit in which it is as it were at length mingled, operations, is to enjoy, though at tra- fwallowed up and loft, perfuades itfehf meafurable diftance, fomething of hit of multitudes beyond the moft remote j own nature 5 fome emanation of hirafek* and knows no more bounds than that communicated from himfejf, and there* infinity of fpace it would examine, or fore too great for mortality, than the Power itfelf, which it fuppofes It is not every mind that dares, per* . to have furnifheo! that infinity with worlds haps it is not every mind that can exert innumerable. " this glorious faculty: But he who has It was on a view like this the divine the courage and power, feels within him- lyrick, fhrunk up into himfelf, and faw [elf cod virion of the true dignity and the insignificance of his condition ; won- real fuperiority in his nature above that of dering that man, or that the whole race other creatures. He now believes he has of man, could feem of enough Import to proof of the fouPs immortality, while he claim one thought from the Creator: contemplates heaven and earth, the fea and On fuch a view, the divine Socrates, air, and thofe innumerable worlds formed the martyr to that God, to that oneQ like to this, and doubtlefs peopled like Cod who formed the earth and heavens, it} he glows with pride that he U the exhorted man to blufh, when he fup- creature, the fon of that great Power pofed himfelf poflefled of ought more than who formed them ; he feels a noble plea- virtue and humility j and bad him look Aire while lie admires the works of hie upon the little worm, his brother reptile, Creator, as if himfelf had fome fliare in blind and ignorant, who fancied the foot producing them ; and confeious that can fquare of earth, which he inhabited, all never die which has capacity to enter- that exifted, and that made for him : tain thoughts fo exalted, feeing at once On fuch a view (pride and importance loft) & that he is to live for ever at the difpofal the noble Roman beheld the feat of that of this Power, and that he owes to him extenfive empire, which called itfelf the reverence with attention, he will under- greateft of the world, and which his ftand his duty and perform it. He, will hand had helped to raife into that emi- (ee the intent of his Creator fo far as it nence, a fpeck of dirt, which from the regards himfelf in the difpofition of things fuperior feat he then poflefled, he hardly about him ; and conforming his actiona could diftinguim. with love and with obedience to that 4e» Thus human reafon acts when right g fign, he will exert every virtue, directed ; and thus a foverelgn pride This was the defign with which nature, grows on confefled humility, as know- as the heathen phrafes, but God as U ledge upon confeious ignorance. He becomes us to fpeak, conferred this dig- who fancies himfelf great, diftinguifhed nity, and beftowed thefe jpbwers upon by his powers, h,is faculties, and talents; the human mind. This is the confe* who feeing fome things left, foppofes quence of exerting and employing them j himfelf fuperior to all, glories In what is and this being the confequence, it is vir- little more than nothing j but when we tue fo to employ tbem ; and with the have the. modefty to know ourfelves fo F ignominy there is fome tin&ure of a iow ; andj with that modeft> the crime in fuffering them to be vnexened* boldnefs to extend our contemplations „ _- . w . . . , , a^ farther thari the fenfes carry us ; when *» *™ij ujxn, and a Method }rop*jcdfit defpiftng thefe as creatures of the body, preventing Dotnt| WeatOncediftirtguifhthefoul to be fome- ^ fU AUTHOR .f the L,0 N DC H thing fupenor, and (hew its (eparate na- MAO A Z I*N E. tare by exerting its independent facul- . ties) Wh<n, enlarging our views, weQ S **' A t m, - ,,, .. take In the whole fcale of being, and add np HE Extract of Mr. Barbot's trial, to what we fee, what we fuppcfe from I which you gave us in your Maga- Hafon : We raife upon the (Vruflure of line for lafl month, excited my curioficy that hamility, \ noble and a reafonable to purchafe and read the trial at large, pride ; wt glory, and with cauie, to fin* aad upon the whole i muft obfe/ve, that • f ' "5 fome Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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47a A Mithod prepojei for preventing DUELS. (54. fome of the facts fworn to fcem to me al- and every man is allowed to kill a high- together irreconcileable. It is evident, I wayman who attacks him upon the road', think, that Mr. Mills and Mr. Barbot met or a thief who breaks in, or is breaking attach a Jonefome place as Frigate Vbay, at into his houfe In the night-time ; and m five o'clock on Sunday morning, by exprefs man's honour ought, furely, to be deem* appointment to fight a duel ; and from cd as facrtd att any part of his property, ■what Mr. Mills's negro faid to Mr. or even as his tile itfelf ; therefore whilft M'KLenley, and his being mounted on his * the opinion prevails, that a man's honour matter's horfe, it is alfo evident, that \% forfeited and loft, if he does not fight they had engaged, or were preparing to one who has affronted him, it is hard, I engage, for fome time before Mr. Mills think, to punifh him for endeavouring t* was killed. How is this reconcileable vindicate, or to preferve his honour,' ■with Mr, Mills's being found juft expired. Whether this opinion be right or no, I with his great coat and his gloves on, his (ball not pretend to determine $ but r~ piftols in the holders on the horfe which muft obferve, that laws have always fail-, the negro had rode away with, and his cd of fuccefs when, in a direct manner, /word at fome diftance from him in the B they attempted to alter or govern the opi* fcabbard, with the belt wrapt round the nioRS of mankind j and from experience' hilt ? Or is it pofftble to fuppofe, that it muft be allowed, that the practice of Mr. Mills would go to fight a duel/ for duelling has made gentlemen treat one what he knew with fword and piftol, and another with more complaifance and good yet go to the place appointed, tingle and manners than they ufed to do, that arTafll- alone, with a pair of piftols that had no nations are not fo frequent in thofe coun- powdcr in them, and without any pow- tries where this practice prevails as in der in his pocket to charge them with ? q thofe where it has in a great meafur* Thefe are facts that feem to me very in- ceafed, and that it lays gentlemen under confiftent 5 but as my defign is not to ex- a neceflity to learn at leaft thofe military amine this trial, I (hall make no farther exercifes which are proper for feif-prefer- remarks upon it, efpecially as the verdict vation. murned by the jury was, I think, right, However, I mail not propofe that our according to our law as it ftands at pre- prefent laws relating to duels fhouW b* ftnt. My defign is to examine, whether altered, but as the king has a power to our law relating to duels might be fo pardon a man condemned for murder in a amended, as in a great meafure to pre- D <jucl, I think fuch an ufe might be made vent any fuch for the future. Whether of .this power, as would in a great mea- the practice of duelling be confiftent with fure prevent duels. At prefent a pardon our religion is a queftion which 1 mail is granted or refufed without any proper leave to be determined by our divines. inquiry into the caufe of the duel -% but if If the words of our Saviour, Matt. ch. v, a court were eftablfhed, and proper judges v. 39, &c. were to be ftrietly interpreted appointed, whq mould always be fome of according to the letter, it is certain that the oldeft generals of our army, to make lighting a duel, even upon the higheft g this inquiry, in the prefence of both par- provoeatjon, would be inconfiftent with ties, and in the moft publick manner, and Chriftianity ; but revenge was the darling thefe rules laid down with refpefi to the paflion of the Jews, to whom that fer- granting or refuting a pardon, viz. thst if mon was addreflTed, and it is probable the man killed was he who gave the firft that thofe precepts were aimed chiefly affront, wkhout offering any proper fitif- againft that national failing. We ought faction, and the affront fuch as no gen- not to return a blow, or to defend our tleman coutd confidently with his honour property, merely for the fake of revenge, put up with, the condemned furvivor becaofe revenge helongeth to God alone, * mould certainly be pardoned. On the or to his vicegerents upon earth, the ma- other "hand, if the condemned furvivor giftrates of the fociety to which we be- refufed to accept of a proper fattsfaction* long ; but when felf-prefervation renders or was the man who firft gave fuch an it neceffary, we not only may, but ought affront, and refufed to make any proper to return the blow, or to defend out pro- fatisfaetion, no pardon, nor reprieve petty* againft whofoever (hall violently mould be granted, let his quality or merit and unjuftjy attack us ; for unlefs we ad- be never to great 5 but tho* he was the mit of this, no Chriftian could have a Q firft who gave fuch an affront, yet if he coat to be taken, much lefs a cloak to afterwards offered a proper fatisfaetion, give, nor would any Chriftian fociety be and fuch a one as any gentleman might able to fupport itfelf a moment. confidently with his honour have accept- Upon this principle it is, that a man ed of, he fliould then certainly be par- who killeth another in felf defence is juf- doncd. tified by the laws of all Chriftian fbeiciiv*, } Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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t}$j. Anrwcr to an Arith. Question rtjeflid to. 473 - I fay, if fuch a court were eftabluaed, came to be Inquired into, the prifone* . and theft rales reKgioufly obferved, I might not be deprived of hit moft mate- mm perfuaded, it would foon pat an rial witneffei 5 efpeciaUy a* in ftich a caf* end to duelling. An accidental rencoun- every killing in a duel would probably be ter might fomctinies happen, but duels brought in, murder, by the jury upon tht by appointment very rarely, if ever 5 and trial, becaufe they would of courfe confi- even as to accidental rencounters, when der, that the prifoner had ftill an oppor- one of the parties happens to be Wiled, A tunity to avoid the puoimment, by (hew- our juries ihould inquire a little farther n ing that it was in fclf-defence, thai is to than they ofually do, into the caufe of fay, in defence of his honour, which the quarrel j tor a man who by his rude- could not be preferved, in the opinion of nefs or ill language provokes another to mankind, but by running the rifk of kill- ° *• /which is found deficient in the ^treatment f Or any fuch queftion as , paffed in the la ft feftion of ceflary, that when the caufe of the duel /\ parliament, to grant feme new in- October, 1753. 600 dulgenc f • Sot tbefnjhninoMr Magsxinf fir Auguft, * tf% > «* *>• *«l«'» "•/*"' ''"

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474 Cirencefttr Addrefs about the Jews Bill - Oft. hakefpear, de- can not, furely, be any doubt which is the ferted to Aimdius, the Volfcian safer fide ; and the experiment feems by G at Arft infuited him,, even while I e 1 much too dangerous to be tried. under the prctedion of the houfebeJd Very far are we from defning that they, gods : But when they fow that the pro* or any part of our fellow creatures, mould ject took effect, and the ft ranger wai feat* be treated with hardmips, or be excluded ed at lUe head o. ihe tabic, eneot from being objects of our Chriftian bene- \ety judicioully obieivcs, «s thai volencc j and we hope we ftull always Digitized by VjOOQIC

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1 753. What Projectors are to be cmmenieL 47 5 ways thought there was more in him than A projector generally unites thofe qua- he could think.** lities which have the faireft claim 10 ve- * Machiavel hat joftly animadverted on neration, extent of knowledge and great- the different notice taken by all fucceed- nefs of defign : It was faid of Catiline, ing- timet, of the two great projectors immodtratm, incrcdibilia, nimit aha Jenifer Catiline and Caefar. Both formed the cupUbat : Projectors of all kinds agree in fame project, and intended to raife them* their intellects, tho* they differ in their felves to power by fubverting the com- ^ morals j they all fail by attempting things monwealth : Tlhey purfued their defign, beyond their power, by defpifing vulgar perhaps, with equal abilities, and with attainments, andafpiring to performances 'equal virtue ; but Catiline perifhed in the to which, perhaps, nature has not pro- ■Sleld, and Caefar returned from Pharfalia portioned the force of man : When they With unlimited authority t And from that fail, therefore, they fail not by idlenefs or time, every monarch of the earth has timidity, but by ram adventure and fruit- thought himfelf honoured by a compari- lefs diligence. fan with Csefar 5 and Catiline has been ^ That the attempts of fucli men will never mentioned, but that his name might ** often mifcarry, we may reafonably expect j be applied to traitors and incendiaries. yet from fuch men, and fuch only, at 4 . After mentioning [trveral other prtje&ers of we to hope for the cultivation of thofe tbi* firtt be proceeds thus : I am far from parts of nature which lie yet wafte, intending to vindicate the fanguinary pro- and the invention of thofe arts which are jects'of heroes and conquerors, and would yet wanting to the felicity of life. If wtfh rather to diminim the reputation of they are, therefore, univerfally dif- tfietr fuccefs, than the infamy of their couraged, art and difcovery can make niifcarriages ; for I cannot conceive, why Q no advances. Whatever is attempted he that has burnt cities, and wafted nati- without previous certainty of. fuccefs, may ons, and filled the world with horror and be confidered as a project, and amongft denotation, fhould be more kindly regard- narrow minds may, therefore, expofe its •ed by mankind, than he that died in the author to cenfure and contempt j and if rudiments of wickednefs ; why he that the liberty of langhing be once indulged; accomplifhed mifchief fhou'd be glorious, every man will laugh at what he does and he that only- endeavoured it mould be not underrtand, every project wril be criminal : I could wifh Caefar and Cati- _. confidered a« madneft, and every great line, Xerxes and Alexander, Charles and ** or new defign will be.cenfured as a pro- Peter, huddled together in obfeurity oc ject. Men, unaccuftomed to reafon and deteftation. . refearches, think every enterprifeimprac- But there is another fpecies of projec- ticable, which is extended beyond corn- tors, to whom I would willingly concili- mon effects, or comprises many inter- ate mankind 5 whofe ends are generally mediate operations. Many that prefume laudable, and whofe labours are innocent; to laugh at projectors, would confider who are fe arching out new powers of na- E a flight thro* the air in a winged chariot, ture, or contriving new works of art ; and the movement of a mighty engine) but who are yet perfecuted with incelTant by the fteam of water, as equally the obloquy, and whom the univerfal con- dreams of mechanick lunacy ; and would tempt with which they are treated, often hear, with equal negligence, of the u- debars from that fuccefs which their in- nion of the Thames and Severn by a canaJ, duftry would obtain, if it were permitted and the fcheme*of Albuquerque the vice- to act withont opposition. roy of the Indies, who in the rage of -They who find themfdves inclined to p hoftility had contrived to make Egypt a cenfure new undertakings, only becaufe barren defart, by turning the Nile into tho they are new, mould confider, that the Red Sea. Celly of projection is very feldom the folly Thofe who have attempted much, have of a fool 5 it is commonly the ebullition feldom failed to perform more than thofe of a capacious mind, crouded with variety who never deviate from the common roads of- knowledge, and heated with intenfe- of action : Many valuable preparation a nefs of thought j it proceeds often from of chemiftry, are fuppofed to have rifen the confeioufnefs of uncommon powers, from unfuccefsful enquiries after th« from the confidence of thofe, who having G grand elixir: It is, therefore, juft to en- alecady done much, are eafily perfuaded courage thofe, who endeavour to enlarge thJrt they can do more : When Rowley the power of art, fince they often fuc- had compleated the Orrery, he attempted ceed beyond expectation j and when the perpetual motion ; when Boyle had they fail, may fometimes benefit the eKhaufted the fecrets of vulgar chemiftry, world even by their mifcarriagts. he turned hie thoughts to the work of franfmutation/ O o o z <TU Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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476 *** PuiwtiV * SINGLE LIFE. A NEW SONG. 8ft by Mr. HUDSON. i As Daphne fat beneath the fliade, Tp keep he? ^^^^^^» iheep from ftraying, It is a pleafing thing,. (he fal<j, To live with— out d^H g ttixu J-^EgflEE How pleafaot is a tingle life! It* 8 far beyond expreflion : But (he that is become a wife, . Needs pity and companion. She bids adieu to all her joy, When matrimony binds her To one who does his thoughts employ* In driving to confine her. How pleafant then is liberty, When none can e'er moleft them t And they are fools who don't live free, When fortune fo has bleft them. ^JVwCOUNTRY DANCE, LAMB SKINNET. Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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Poetical Ess ay§ in O C T O B E R, 175$. 4^ . tf* DIAMOND. ^ FABU, LONG on Golconda's Au>re a diamond lay [ctay: Negle6ed, rough, concealed in common By every paflenger defpis'd and fcorn'd, The latent jewel thus in fecret moorn'd, ** Why am I thus to fordid earth confin'd, «« Why fcorn'd and trod upon by every hind r [terring hue, « Were thefe bright qualities, this giit- " And dsgzUng luftre, never meant for view ? 49 Wrapt in eternal (hade if I remain, « Thefe fluning virtues were beftow'd in vain.*' As thus the long-neglected gem difolay'd Its worth and wrongs, a fkilful artift ftray 'd By chance that way, and faw with curious eye, [Aire lie, Tho' much obfeur'd, th' unvalo'd tree- He ground with care, he polifiYd it with *rt, [partj And calTd forth all its rays from every And now young Delia's neck ordain'd to grace, {face. Je adds new charms to beauty's faired The mind of man neglected and untaught, Is this rough diamond in the mine un- wrought. fill Education lend her art, unknown The brightefc talents lie, a common ftone j By her fair hand when faftiion'd, the new mind Rife* with luftre, polifiYd and refin'd. VERSBS/rwi an Awnc^uAaT in Town, to * Bmbt Anti^ait in tbtCtuntrj, From the M O N I T O R. WE read, dear friend, in antient time, [rhyme : 7"he Greeks, (you know 'em) wrote in A merry and a fprightly nation Could not hold common conversation j Not even a vulgar tale rehearfe, Or laws, prayers, hiftory, but in vcrfe. 50 that the learned all agree, fbxice fprung their fam'd mythology. The figures which the poets ufe, Made of fome woman their fam'd Mnfe: Tfce vulgar readily could fwallow. For gods, Mars, Jupiter, Apollo i And rhyming thus became, we fee, TP*>€ language of antiquity. Wonder not then, my ftyle I vary, Writing to brother antiquary : Reafon fufficient I (hould do ir, Tho' I profefs myfelf no poet ; 9Tor vviu the verfes I here fend,^ Pp cenfur'd from a city iriend j ! Tho* not conceiv'd fo bright and clear, When we breathe fmoak inftead of afr* Smoak of the pipe too let me mention, A modern, but fublime invention j Of prefent bards it warms the brain, As formerly did Hippocrene j While aromatick fumes afcend, To contemplation (till the friend ! And envy'd pleafure oft 'tis we taAe, {The Audits of the day o'erpaft) When to the evening pipe fat down, We quit the hurry of the town j From men retired but leaft alone. The mind then takes its boldeft flight, And brings all nature into fight t Thro* ev'ry empire, kingdom, ranges, Recall their periods, and their changes! At once forveys the fum of years. And traverfes the heavenly fpheres. Thus paftt away our tranfitdays, In learned, tho* inglorious eafe. Now books our leifure hours employ. Now we focieties enjoy, Here offer'd to us voluntary, . The royal or the antiquary. What here the fpactous globe fupplies Of natural curiofities, From earth, air, feas, or heav'nly height^ The curious bring to open Hght. Now leads the walk agreeable, To Pancras lawns, or Jiampftead-hills To grove minute of Kenti/h town, Or winding walks of Marybon. Now well-ftor'd cabinets excite Our equal wonder and delight : Shells, corals, gems, fair nature's pride, Laid in nice order, fide by fide. Nor the diluvian ftores forgot, Metals and minerals, and what not ? The pride of Pond's and Parfon's flcilL D'Acofta, Baker, Millao, H— . With greedy eyes we next run o'er, The rich medallick noble ftore, Of Mead and Sadler* Giffard, Ayre, Booth and Stukeley's ftudious care* The day we thus in town amufe, In matters curious, or of ufe $ And to the ev'nlng's calm retreat, Sacred to contemplation fweet $ While you, my friend, in* country vilT; Repofing by the murmuring rill, Study immortal Maro's page 5 Or Homer's or high Pindar's rage « Horace's wit, or Ovid's flame, Or Milton** majefly fupreme. Now wand'ring by fome Druid's eel!, Under the oak's foil fragrant ftneH, You fcan the deep archives of fate, The fortunes of the wife and^reat t And full of chronotogick drill, The fecrets of old time reveal. Ere day-fpring may we fee yon trace A Roman road with* eager pacei Thrict Digitized by VjOOQ LC i

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# »7« ft*/**/ Essay]* iiOCTOBER, 1753 1 Thrice bappy in the locky gam, If an old coin reward your pain, Or &ore your rich rcpofitory ^ With great Caraufius, Britain 8 glory: Too oft arc you in Audy found With Polyglots cncompafs'd round, Schindler, or Buxtorf, or Pagnine, Reading the antient text divine : When on the approaching facred day, Full of the God you preach and pray 5 Thunder in Tillotfonian fenfe, Or win with Herring's eloquence. We two engag*d in the fame ftatxon, Tho' fixed in different fituation j On a like bufinefs both intent, Make life of ufe and innocent. Winter approaches, hafte away, And with your prefence lengthen day; In Cordial friendfhip, love fincere, Drown to bur thoughts the fick'nmg year ;. Winter fliail then a fpnng appear. The two following Lines were written by an EngHjb Gentleman of Diftinftion, no*' at the Court of Vjinna. OREG1NA! 0> bis prima, et fukberri- ma I rideni A Venus, incedtr.t Juno, Minerva kfum. . TlANIlATIO. O EMPRESS' rrftandfaireft! fpeak, fmile, move -, [of love. Thou fccm%ft the queen of heav'n, of wit, Paiaphiased. O EMPRESS ! firft and faireft of the earth ? [worth : Three godcJelles but match thy (ing)e Smiling, the queen of love thou feenVft to be, In all her beauty rifing from the fea : In thy majeftick motion beft it feen The dignity of Jove's immortal queen : And (peaking, from thy lip fuch wifdom flows, As Pallas, only Pallas, can difclofe. Hymn to C6NTF NTMENT, in hri- tation of Mr. Gray* Hymn to Aiimfity, hfertedin Mag./^ Juiyty?, p. 332. By lYoutb not yet 19. CONTENTMENT! fweet prophi- . ous pow'r, Thou feftner of the human woe, ©ear partner of the adverfe hour. Whom happinefs is bound to know : Charm'd by thy foft perfuaiive tongue, The tortur'd foul takes comfort long, And poverty is taught to find New treafures, hid before, to footh her fufFring mind. When infant Virtue firft, from heav'n, Jove to Advcrfity confign'd, Thou, as a conftant mate, waft giv*n, w ^d bad to cafe her burden'd mind. Soft pleating friend ! thy fweetning car* Taught her the rigid fcourge to bear ; In thee a part'ner of her grief (he found, Whence healing comfort Aow'd, like balm to ev*ry wound. From thy fweet Cmiles, aba(h*d retire Self-tor'trine envy, and defpair, Fierce hopes, and covetous defire, And leave us calm raidft crowds of care. Quick they depart, and with them fly Falfe-pleafure, and deluding joy 5 By wild ambition cherifh'd ftill, And feem awhile obedient to her tow'rfnj will. Patience flow moving, and fedate, With piercing eye that views from far, And hope, with future joys elate, That gently drives her fteady carr, In all thy labours acqulefce : Humility, that Chnftian grace, Still confeious of her own defe&s, And faith, believing maid, whom charity protects. Fair goddeft, with benignant (miles, Thy model* votary ailft, If virtue recompence my toils, •Tis impious dulnefs to deftft. For me thy kind eft beams prepare, That I each harmlefs joy may (here, And able wifely to difcern, View providential care in every changtnf turn. Bright power f retrieve my finking breaft, Defcend aiid dwell fole regent there, Far hence be anxious thought diftreft, Green jealoufy, and mute defpair 5 Teach me, with comfort, to enjoy Life's competent benignity, Not pamper'd with luxurious eafe To covet more and mote, but thank ksn4 heav'o for thefe. An EPISTLE to the Right Hon. aid Right Wordy Magistsiatx ; ucafi»*'i by a late Verdi El obtained in favour oftb* Abbotfbury tVunefcs. (See f. 437.) ■ Nee lex rH jufiior ulla Quam necis artifice* arte pe'rire fn*. Ovx», OF ev'ry patriot gift poflefs'd, From high to higher fame afpire ; The city now has long confefs'd, Let fenates next thy worth ad mire* There warm in freedom's noble caufe, Each cloud that fhades her brow difpelj With wifdom planning out thofe laws, Your courage executes fo well. To pradiceev'ry impious art, Let fraud and infoknee combine j But to unveil the perjor'd hearty That glosious talk and toil be thine. 5 The' Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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Ponied Essays/»OCTOBER, i y5^ Tho* deep in midnight gloom conceal' d, The dark and bell bred fcheme may lie 5 Dragg'd out to light, it ftands reveaTd, And open to thy Marching eye. This breaks the vizor, melts the paint, That drives to cover guilt and fin 5 Convinc'd by thee, an outward faint, Too often hides a jilt within ! By thy own native pity pre ft, Live the kind friend of juftice ftill j And lance the /haft againft the breaft, That ftrove, but Arove in vain to kill* Tho' the fair profped be the Came, - That animates the good and brave 5 To triumph is the lieroe's fame. The patriot's to protect and fave, •Tis thy ambition's nobleft height, From great nefs nobly to defend r* To borrow nought from pomp and ftate, But the bleft pow'r to be a friend. To view weak innocence opprefs'd, And guilt the gutltlefs wretch arraign j Wak'd in thy pitying gen'rous breaft, That love which freed her from a chain. A zeal which lawlefs rage difarms, And ftops the fuppliant** burfting figh. With tranfports each kind bofom warms, When fame difgufts, and titles die. Be it thy boaft, with woes diftrefs'd, To dry the penfive pris'ner's tear* To fix the dart in falfehood's breaft, And (hake the guilty foul with fear. Invy the faireft wreaths may rend, Her cenfures on the upright fall j But he who makes his heart a friend, Or turns afide, or blunts them all. When malice ftrives to give thee pain, And does her weakly fpite renew j Nobly to fcorn and to difdain Unjuft reproach, is to fubdue. From thy own heart to fteal a joy, With thy own acls thyfclf to pleafe j Is gaining raptures for a toy, And flighting pomp, to purchafe eafe. Tho* thirft of fame each bofom draws* The proud, ambitious, and the vain 5 *Tis nobler to deferve applaufe, Than, wanting merit, to obtain. WESTON-MUSES. A SONG. OSIRS ! what wondrous nymphs, at Wefton •, Their welcome vifits fondly pay ! And, with each well- performed, fine leifon, Devoutly lift'ning lovers ftay f Dear, cruel creatures !—ah ! how can ye Make fiich Tad havock of our hearts ? Why thus demolish evVy man ye With your divine, harmonious arts? 4)9 Yourfongs, fonata's, airs, and graces, Enchant the audience with delight : And warbling throats, and fair, fweet faces, ffirht Charm both our hearing, and our Such taper, white, bewitching fingers, Such lively, lovely fyrenfingera Ulyfles over-board bad borne. They do Aria juftice, I can telJ ye, In manner fuperfine and clever To Handel, Feiton, Aroe, Corelfi, And each compofer pure whatever. And yet no merey, (Wen defend u, \\ Thefe matchlefs virgins have on tho/e TN^-n0:' Sira' ab«ce of windows, Nor their two ears refolve to clofe. Melodious harpfichord!— thy merit * 1 ln m1? T" faitcd t0 thX ^und,' And Kirkman /hou'd be fitly crown'd Yet thee, in fed, iU- fated hour, tLT\"? C!!riftoPhert hasfurely bought* The ladies (hew in theefuch pow'r * When by feme ikilful mafteV taught. Thou then |>rodigiou8 pang, imparteft Surprizing inftrument !~thouthen With fweet vibrations, ftronglydmeft At u. poor, deeply-wound^lmenf And yet, to murd V us quite unwilling, We find methmks, the dear Mifc ifncs; Since, for her harmony fo killing Her hofpitality atones. This, we'll allow, extreamly kind is :— But, Sirs, a fig fop meat and drink! Such heavenly mufick, in my mind, is Better by far, than food,— I think. S*E?1:. 5"le'. ***'> har|nonlous Wefton' Well fraught with ev'ry lovely grace » * Thou art by ev'ry one's confeffion, A moft delightful charming place. What lofty, handfome rooms there feen are* How all things elegant appear • And fit for either king or queen are 1 thew?ht °ne bUt' at knZth' COmt How grand the gardens feem, tho' (bull. Sirs ! fcloie t What walks,-whatgrafs. plats they dif- How vaft y neat !-Nor is this all, Sirs r ■ Behold '-thebeauteous-pr-v-te-houfel Ev'n that, you'll find too, a fweetplaee is ; (Fear not the little cell t'infpecf :) Nice flowVy paper th' infide Siaces 5 Th' outfide's with fragrant Arabs be- deck'd. All, Sirs, in fhort is wond'rous pretty •— Yet wonder at it pray who can ? That any ftiou'd, 'twould be great pitv Siqsc courteous Kit J contrived the plan. Among . • /VH wkft-ne, iVShr-pfo-rc. + Mr, ChriftoDher Ton#s + m 1

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1753- How kind and yet how creel the employ, Where while thy lips relieve, thy looks deftroy f [move, Thy voice may well the rudeft temper But all our pity is th* effect of lore : Some merit eJfe our charity might boaft, But v»tue here with liberty it loft t Can' ft thou invoke a pity you difown, And fue to virtues to yourfelf unknown f A form fo fair was made ne* te implore, 'Tis yours to rule, 'tis mankind'* to adore* Ah ! quit the ruppliant, relume command. But deal the power with a gracious hand) Hear the foft vow, attend the ftealing figh, Th* expreflive filence, and the pleading eye; [prove, Let him that menu molt thy mercy And know all charity's compriz'd in lewes Oh ! view each object with impartial eye, Nor bid the convent (mile, the lover die. 480 Pottkal Ess a ys DOCTOR Eft, Among the neighboring rocks, moreover. If you'll but look about with care, Perhaps, Parnaflus you'll difcover,— From whence arriv'd the forefaid fair. Mufes, for certain, Sirs, -(if any Be (till fubfifting in thefe times,) They are that come to fee Mifs Nanny, Who mufick loves, and tuneful rhymes* But, ah I— I've hardly ever tafted The pure Aganippaun fpring : Why then (houkl preciout time be wafted? — Or, why poor I pretend to flng ? But, who (the deuce !) can help defcanting On females fo divinely fair, That, tho' fome folks may call it ranting, Would almoft make a dead man (tare ? Fair Fl-tch-r, I both feen, and heard have 5 And N-rgr-ve too,— (thofemufes twain: Both whom, fine things might be averr'd And penetrating P-rce would fain. This virgin, I came Ihort of feeing, By, Sirs, a day or two, at moft ; But, as good folks, have been agreeing, This happinefs e'er long may boaft. Honoria too •, a friend of mine, Sirs, Kind Kit, and Anna fweet invite, (Tho* th* offspring of a dull divine, Sirs!) To (hare with them the dear delight. But, if confin'd in homely hut, Sirs, Sweet Wefton-court, I can't attend, •Twill vex me to the very guts, Sirs !— And fo,— my fonnet here (hall end. Sept. 24, i753« Pmilomusus. London, 0&. 13, 1753. SIR, THE following lines owe their origin to a cuftom, which prevails abroad, of ladies of faihion vifiting in the cha- racters of beggars for convents, &c. The writer of them having received a vifit of this nature from a very beautiful young lady, addrefied them to her in French and Engltth : A copy of the latter Is here fent you in order to be inferred, if approved of, in your next Magazine, which will oblige, Your former correfpondent, and humble (ervant. Tp a Lady facing a Vifit in Cbarafier tf M Queteufe for a Convent at Angers im France. FAIR nymph, who thus canft quit the ranks of fame, For pious ends aflume the beggar's name, Oh ! Weft with ev'ry merit ev'ry charm, Towin thejudgmentorthe heart to warm 5 Say mall thy care affuage religion's woes, Ijeedlefs of that, which from thy beauty flows f T# the Autb* •/ The Receipt for Modem Drefs, /. 396. SINCE, Sir, you have made it your ftudy to vex, f fei* And audacioufly laugh at the drefs of our Pray don't be fo blind to the faults of your own, [be mown : But let them, I beg, in your next linee Inftead of fmall caps, you rauft then add (mail wigs f pig's ; The tails of which moftly refemble a Put a hat upon that, before point it op high, [flty 1 As if 'twas an arrow aim'd juft at tba At the corner of which t pray don't forget A taflel of filver to make it complete 1 Let the flock be well plaited in various forms [fom adorns : Whilft a fine diamond heart bis ihirt bo- Let his fword hilt be cover'd with ribbosi good ftore, [der hand fore * Left the roughnefs without make his teav- Tho* there's no need of that, for they'll take care tb fly [is nigh x The place where they thmk any danger His coat is to be but a foot from his waift* And fix'd there as tight as if it was he'd s In his pocket a houfewife and pmcuOuon place, Not forgetting a gtafs to admire his face j With (lockings of filk, nothing left can fuch pleafe, [above knees, Bind his legs round with filver an bo* Hang a taflel to that, or elfe it won't do, Which generally reaches half way to his moe; His buckles of (tones, of five-guineas price. To adorn his fweet feet and make him quite nice t [to be feat* Thus drefs'd and equipp'd, *m \ He's not one jot better Pantin. H— n— r D-*w—H o/H— -», rSCtffdft-rt.

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Poetical Essays in OCTOBER, 1753. fl completely ty'd up with ta*Tc!s of lace : Thus fully equipp'd and attir'd for mow, Obferve, pray ye belles, that fam'd thing calPd a beau. OQjfosr, 1 j 5 j. On DISCONTENT. 7# Stella. SAY, dearcft Stella, why this penflve air ? Tell me, O tell thy forrows and thy care$ Why thy lips tremble, and thy cheeks are pale ? * [gale ? Why heaves thy bofom with a mournful Let not thy eyes for diftanc evils flow, Nor rack thy bofom with prophetick woe: Imagined ills deceive our a king eyes, *j As lengthened fhades appear of mon- / ftious fize, [ikies, f When fetting Phoebus gilds the evening 3 Tho"1 pictured joy deludes our panting ■fouls, [rolls j When round the heart its fmiling phantom Thegayimpoftormocksourrcachingarms; Yet while it lafts the pleafingvifion charms: Not fo diftruft her gloomy forehead rears ; She brings cold anguifh and a crowd of fears e Ah lovely Stella ! as you prize your reft, Expel this fury from yourguilrlefs breaft. The wife and mighty guardian of man- kind, Toeach dividual has their draught affignM; And tho' no pearls ihou'd in ourpotion fall, Let us be chearful while he fparCs the gall: Unmeaningtranfportsforamomentpleafe, Yet peace alone can blefs your equal days. But coldly viewed, or quickly thrown afide, See cringing merit at the gates of pride 5 See Wit and wifdom(that our fathers priz'd) In youth neglected, as in age defpis'd : Behold (thefcorn, as late the dread of all) The politician from his glory fall : He whofe fly genius cou'd a kingdom rule, Shall have his exit hifs'd by ev'ry fool : With aking bofom and a ftreaming eye The hoary foldier fees his honour fly 5 Who in his age muft to oppreffion bow, And yield his laurels to a younger brow : Thofe laurels (hall the proud fuccefibr wear A while ; then ftrip and leave them to his heir. ' If thefe are wretched, let us not repine, Whofe meaner talents ne'er were made to mine : Our good and ill, our vice and virtue falls Within the compafs of domeftick walls : To thofe fmall limits be thy views connn'd, And blefs thy cottage with a humblemind. Look not at joys that dazzle from afar, Nor envy Glaro on his gilded car : For all degrees their days efanguiihknow, And the mod happy have a tafte of woe. Then calmly take what providence ordains, He fwclls the load who murmurs and conplains : For all things vary : And who fits to day Half- drown* d in tears j to-morrow may be gay. Ppp THE Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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THE Monthly Chronologer. ' btllf * ^nafy a*ebW ** Cape-Coaft- Caftle, between England and tbt Fantee Nation, on Feb. 6, i^3« ' . JE the Braffoe and Cur- ranteers, the priefts and people of Fantee, do de- clare, that our fathers, under the condu/l of their Braffoe Imorah, were brought by the Englitfi from the country now Arcania, and by them furnished with arms, ammunition, and money, not only to take poffclTioc of the land now inhabited by us, but likewife to conquer all thofe ftatcs a- round us, at prefent fubjeft to our. domi- nion. And whereas we are certainly inform- ed, that within thefe ten years part fe- deral fubjecls of the French king have been endeavouring by bribes of various kinds not only to diifolvc that clofe con- nection between the Lnglifh and Fan- tee nation which we look upon as our greateft fecuriry, but liktwife to procure to thcmfelves fome of that ground which Was conquered at the Enghfti expencc ; which, befides the natural injuftice of the thing, can have no other tendency than to introduce jarring interefts and divisions amongft us, and thereby deliver us up an eafy prey to our enemies : For thefe reafons, and to recognize the lights of the Engliln nation in the mo ft folemn and au then tick, manner, and to cut off all claims and pretenfions of any other nation whatfocver : We, the whole people of Fantce, did on the 26th of October laft, aflembled at Munnin, and there unanimously pafled the following law, avhich we hereby declare to be con- stitutional; and publickly, according to he wonted form of our anceftors, dc- . nounce a curfe upon ourfelves, or any of our pofterity, who (hall attempt, ei- ther direclly or indirectly, to break through it. Which law is as follows : *»r, to continue to us that protection which °y long experience we have found fo be- neficial, we the aforefaid Braffoe and Cu rranteers, the priefts and people of Fantee have adjudged it proper anal ne- ceflaiy to fend the following perfooa (Imorah fon of Aduafor, &c. tec.) duly . and fully authorifed, foCapc-Coail Cattle, and there in prefence of the prefident and council, to fwear allegiance and fealty to the Englim nation, and to deliver the following hoftages, viz. Cudjoe Annoorna, fitter's fon to the Braffoe of Fantee, from the faid Braffoe and Curranteers; like* wife Quabino Sabi, Quacoo and Coffee, into their hands, to remain as pledges of our punctual obfervance of the above law. We the aforenamed perfons, deputies from -the Braffoe and Curranteers, the prieff s and people of Fantee, being duly and fully authorifed, have, according; to the cuflom of our country and the form prefcribed by our religion, as likewife according to the cuftom of the Engliin and the form prefcribed by their religion, fworn to the due performance of the aforefaid law,, and have in confeonenet, fet our marks to two originals of this recognition, being firft read and inter- preted to us, in the prefence of the fasd prefident and council, on Feb. 6, 1753* according to . the white mens manner of "computation in Europe. The above recognition was executed at Cape-Coatt-Cattle, by the perfons therein mentioned, the dayand year above written. George Cockburne, captain of his ma? jetty's fhip the Glory } Thomas Mel- vin, governor ; Jofeph Harmer, ac- countant} Matthew Mackaill, forgcon; Chriftopher Whyttels, fecretary j. John Wi liams, lieutenant of the Glory j » William Lille, furgeon of ditto. By an order of privy council, on Sept. >6B his majefty, by and with their advice, re- quires and commands, that William Cutfe- bert fon , William Steedman, William Baird, Adam Lillie. James Manfen, James LiUie, and William Leniwx, all beatmenat Aben- 4m Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1753, *** MONTHLY CHRONOLOGER. 483 4our in Scotland (charged upon oath with having been guilty, upon r'ic 8th of July lait, of being together with AY, Oct. I. John Harris and Philip Wilfon for a burglary, Hannnh Wilfon for Gripping and robbing an infant in Whitechapel road, and Edward Johnfon for a burglary, were executed at Tyburn.— Mary Rimes, •god 13, another of the condemned male- factors, was ordered to be tranfported ibr7years. (See p. 437.) John Stanley, a foldier of Sir Robert Rich*s dragoons, was executed at Dor- chefter, for the murder of Stephen Ware* ham, near Blandford. Monday, 8. Sir Waher Blacken, bart. one of the aldermen and reprerentatives in parlia- ment for Newcaftle upon Tine, having informed the ma>or, aldermen, and com- mon council of the intention of Thomas Davidfon, of Ferry hill, Efq; and his iiftert, to found an hofpiral for the main- taining fix poor maiden women, the ex- pence of which would be 1200!. at the fame time Sir Walter offer'd the like Aim to maintain fix poor^men: Upon which the corporation came to a resolution to be at the charge of building, and to ap- ply the intereft of the above fums for the maintenance of the 12 poor perfons above- mentioned. Toisdat, 9. - The parliament of Ireland mct.when his grace ti>e duke of Dorfet, Jerd lieutenant, made the following fpeech flu both houles. My Lordt and Gmtlcmtiiy *w MY experience of your loyalty and JVJ teal for the king's fervice, the fig- fial inftances upon every occa6on of his majefty's paternal goodnefs, and a con- icioufnefs of my juft regard to the honour of his crown, and of my nncere wishes for the prosperity of thi* kingdom, give me the fureft grounds to expect, that the buflWs of this feiCon will be carried on with that candour, temper, and una* nunity, which will add dignity to your proceeding!, mod effectually advance the publick fervke* and afford the moft ac- ceptable proof of your gratelul and af- fectionate duty to the beft oi princes. A due care of the protectant charter fchools cannot be too often or t<5o eameft- ly recommended to your confideration j and the benefits already experienced call upon you to cultivate every method of promoting to the urmoft the fuccefr of that wife and ufeful institution. The nourishing ftate of your linen ma- nufacture gives me the highefl plearare. I will mod chearfully aflift your endea- vours for the further advancement of that valuable and important branch of your trade ) and in providing for its fuppoit and encouragement, you may fecurely depend upon his majefty's rnoft gracious favour and protection. Gentlemen of the Houfe of Comment. I have ordered the proper officers to lay before you the feveral accounts and efti- mates, And have nothing to aflc in the king's name, but the ufual and neceiTary fupplies for the fupport of his majefty's government. 1 am commanded by his majefty to ac- quaint you, that he will gracioufly con- fent and recommends to you, that fa much of the money remaining in his treafury, as (hall be neceflary, be ap- plied to the difcharge of the nation- 1 debt, or of fuch part thereof as you (hall think expedient. His majefty, in his grcaj wifdom, judging a time of general tranquillity to he the fitttcft feaion for providing againft future dangers, will direct an inquiry to be made into the condition of feveral for- tifications, that the kingdom may be put into a proper ft ate of defence. An esti- mate of the expence, witch will attend that neeeflary fervice, Hull in due time be laid before you j and his majefty ia perfusded, that this inftance of his at- tention to the (ecurity of his people, will be highly agreeable to his faithful commons. My Lords and Gentleman, * 1 have not failed to embrace every op* portunity, (and it was a part of my duty moft pleating to .me) to reprefont to too king, in the full eft and ftrongeft terms, the loyalty and good affection of his fub- jects of Ireland j and 1 have it in com- mand to declare to you, that his majefty relies with an entire confidence on their inviolable attachment to his facred per- form roy.il family and government. It is unnecenVy for .me, at this day, to make profeflions of my zeal for the P p p 4 welfare Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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aH Mr. FOOTE's Prolog of. oa. welfare and profperity of thii kingdom : Let the true intereft of Ireland be ever your great object : My conduct (hall demon- fixate, that it is unalterably mine. Whitehall, oa. la. His majefty hat promifed his moft gracious pardon, and Mr. Hale Wortham, jun. of Royfton in tambridgefhire, a reward of 50). for dis- covering the perfons concerned in writing and Tending an incendiary letter, fent, on the 16th of Sept. laft, by the poft, from London, to the faid Mr. Hale, requiring him to lay jool. at the outfideof his gate, an the Monday following, by two in the morning, and threatning in cafe of failure, to murder him, or fire his houfe; and alfo, a fecond incendiary letter on the 7 th inftanr, by the poft from London, threatening him with death if he did not lay the faid fum of 100I. in the highway, 'by one o'clock on the Monday morning, following, and th^t if he fet any body to watch, his whole family mould be murdered. Mondat, 29. The 1 1 following matefa&ors Were ca- pitally convicted at the Old Bailey, viz. Job Horneblow, for a robbery near Pan- eras ; Mark Shields and George Hailey, for a ftreet-robbery ; lfaac Clark and James Jackfon, for a highway- robbery ; George French, for robbing Mr. Ripping, in Moorfields, of his hat ; James Hayler, for the murder of John Pi oby, by beating him on the head with a hammer ; Wil- • liam Edgell, otherwife Ellford, for horfe- flealing j James Gallaker, an oyfter-man for the murder of Eneas Turner ; James Fairbrother for burglary, and Martin Sul- livan for returning from tranfportation. James Hayler and James Gallaker, the two murderers, who received fentence feparately on Friday and Saturday, were this day executed at Tyburn. And the next day the reft were condemned. ^Memento written on a Tavern Wi ndow. HO W weak the fpark muft be who trufts a lafs, - That robs him of, his nofe before his face: - But 'tis the common cuftom of a wench, To borrow Englirti coin, and pay in French. * An Oecafional Pioi.ocui. Written by jlf> GAR RICK, and fpoken by Mr. F O O T E, at tie Theatrc-floyal, in Drury Lane. From dye Grays-Inn Journal, Sept. 27. THE manyvarious object fthatamufe -J Thefe bufy curious times, by way / of news, [Jews j C Are, plays, elections, murders, lott'ries, J All thefe compounded fly throughout ikt nation, [tkm! And fet the whole in one great fermenta- True Brittjb hearts the fame high fpint mow, Be they to damn a farce, or fight a foe. One day for liberty the Briton fire*, The next he ftames — for Catering, or foe centres. f flows ; ' In like extreme* your laughing humour/ Have ye not roar'd from pit to upper > rows, [nefe •. V And all the j eft was,— what ? — a fidkr's J Purine your mirth 5 each night the. jokt grows ftron&er, [loogev- For a» you fret the man, his nofe look* Among; the trifles which occafion prats, Even I fometimes, am matter for debate. Whene'er my faults, or follies are thfouei- tion, [tion. Each draws his wit out, and begins diflec- '6rrP£TEaPaiMR0SE,fmirkingoverlustea, Sinks from himfelf, and politicks to me. Papers boy. -Zi^*Sir!7*Kwhatt>ewsto-4is)v . Footi, Sir,is advertis'dt— what.-run away. No, Sir, heads this week at Drury Lam\ How.'s that (ctie* Feeble Gbub) Fxwti come again ! [dance j I thought that fool had done his devifs Was not he hang'd feme months a^o ie France? [harango'*; . Upftaxts Machonb, and thus the rocs *Tis true, Ins friends gave out that ht was hang'd, r But to be lure, 'twas all a bam, becafc -\ I have feen him fince, and after foch / difgrace [face, t No gentleman would dare to fliow his ) To him reply'd a facer ing bo ray Scot ; 1 Yow raun reet, my frynd, haong'd/ he was nor, [he'll gauag to pot. t But neither you nor I caun tell how toon } Thus each, as fancy drives, his wit d£ plays, Such is the tax each fon of folly pays- On this my fcheme they many namrt beftow, [pocket's k>^« 'Tis fame, 'tis pride, nay worfc— Ik 1 own I've pride, ambition, vanity, And vvhat'smorellrange,perhaps,>c fee Tho* not fo great a portion < For you I'll curb each fclf fuindcsx •thougltf, [lasft. And kifs the rod, whene'er you pain: a Many my pafSons are, tho* one my view, They all coaccnter, in the pleating yen. Marriages and Births. MR. Hans Sioane, furgeoa atRoek- fter, to Mi&Johnfon, of Cravefari. , vanity, } haps,ycull / [deftr.f 1 of it-mo- J * Tbefxrfw bae intended, is Munf, Cervetti. mho bafleen a fandiirg jck* wtth tB**fp**~ gallery, for a long time pajr, on account of the Icrgtb ef bis nofe j but, as I amttifmmtd, 4* re feature of bis mind is out of / report ion, unlejs it be tbttt lis g$cd qmaiitirt art mtr***di*tfy J tale tits opportunity to mention J kfit it is cruel to render lim unsajj tu tht bufiafa /*«**£ »« maintnt a$td by which ktmujl get a livcUbcod, Digitized by VjOOQlC

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MARRIAGES, DEATHS, &c. 1753- Sept. £4. Frederick* Stanton, Efq; to Mifs Lequefne, of Harrow on the hill, a 15,0001. fortune. 29. Nathaniel Wil)Ums,»Efq; of Low- Lay ton, to Mifs SalJy Wright, of Jenny n ftjeet. ' Rev. Roger Moftyn, M. A. teclor of Chriftlington near Ckefter. brother to Sir Thomas Mortyn, bart. to Mrs. Anne Thewal, a eo,oool. fortune. Oc**. 2. Grey Cooper, Efq; counfellor at law, at North Shields, to Mifs Grey, daughter of the late Sir Henry Giey, of Howick, hart.* 4. Archibald Edmonftnne, Efq; to Mifs Harcne, of Alhemarle fL ett. William Bowler, Efq; of a plentiful fortune in Eflex, to Mifs Sarah Arm- Aead, of Red hon-ftreet, Holboin. 6. Rich. Abdey, Efq; of Ellcx, to Mifs Colby, a relation of the earl of Thanct. 3. William Stanley, Efqj a near rela- tion of the tar I of Derby, to Mifs Cock- burne, an heiiefs, of ao.cocol* fortune. 10. Simon Fanfliaw, Efqj member of parliament for Old Sarum, to Mifs Fan- ihaw, of Bedford -row. 11. James More Molyneux, Efqj of Lofeby inSurrey, to Mifs Margaret Slier ard, of Cloomfbury. Hon. William Howe, Efq; to Mifs Blake, of Epping. is.. Eira Turner, Efq; of a plentiful eft ate in Hertfordshire, to Mif* Sawbridge. 17. — _— Reynolds, Efqj of Weybridge, to MiCs Peggy Hughes or Greenwich. j 8. Peiegrine Bertie, Efq; member for Werthury, to Mifs Back well, of Great Billing in Northamptonlhiie. Martin Haws, Efq; of Illford, to Mifs Grevill, ofStratfoid. 23. Capt. Maynard, of the Spence (loop of war, to Mifs Shephard, of Deptford. Sept. 21. Lady Athunry, delivered of a fon and heir, in Ireland. 0&. 8. The queen of Sweden, of a princefs. 11. The queen of Denmark, of a prince. 12. The lady of Sir Charles Wefton, of a fon and heir. 17. The lady of Sir William Burton, bart. of a fon and heir. 23. The lady of — Barker, Efqj and lifter to the countefs of Marchmont, of a ion. 24. The lady of Sir James Stapleton, bart. of a fon and heir. Deaths. DR. John Whetcombe, archbUhop of Camels in Ireland. Henry Lafcelles, Efq; a very great Bar- badoes merchant, and fometime mem- tfcr of parliament for Northallerton. Sept. 2i. Rev. Dr. Andrew Hamilton, archdeacon of Rapbbe, in Ireland. 1 4»5 29. John Collins, Efq; one of the fix clerks in chancery. 30. Mr. John Clothier, matter drum- major, and head court drummer of England* Sir John Anftruther, of Anftruther, in Fife(hire, bart. Oc"h 3. Stephen Phillips, Efq; at hit feat near Ongar in EJfex, formerly a Spa- inim merchant. Rev. Mr. Lloyd, reflor of Staple- ford Tawny, and vicar of Epping in Eflex. Thomas GrevjDe, of Coomb near Salif- bury, who was acquitted, with the two Abbotfbury men, laft fefllons, on 'an in-, diclment of perjury, at the trial of the gypfey in the affair of Elizabeth Canning. (See p. 437.) 11. Thomas Roycrofr, Efq; at Kenfing- ton, poflefled of a confiderable fortune, and formerly a merchant. 13. Rt. Hon. the countefs of Halifax, lady of tho prefeitt carl. Lady Woollaflon, relict of Sir Ifaac Woollafton, Bart. 14. Mifs Henrietta Charlotte Maria Darner, of Pall-Mall, a young lady of a * . very large fortune. Evan Pierce, a poor labouring man, at • Dolgelly in North Wal^s, aged upwards of no. Francis Pearfon, Efq ; formerly lieut. co- lonel of general Otway's reg. of foot. 17 Richard Kent, Efq; an eminent -fim- monger at Temple-bar, who fined for fherifTof London in 1751. John Mitford, Efq; an eminent Turkey merchant. 18 Hon. Richard Lcvcfon Gower, Efqj fecond fon to eail Gower, and member of parliament for Litchfield. Ecclesiastical Pripir mints. MR. William Gale, of St. John** College, Cambridge, prefented to the reclory of Braceburgh, in Lincoln - ihire.— Mr. John Leach, by George Tren- chard, Efq; to the re&ory of Litchet Maltravcrs, in Dorfetfliire. — Coroeliua Clarke, B. D. to the living of Bud/bury, in Wiltshire. — Mr. Francis Millbank to the reftory of Crofts, in Yorkfhire.—Mr. James Dawfon, by earl Brooke, to the vicarage of Monfon cum Ealing, in Suf- folk.— Tho. Harwood, B. A. by ReyneH Spiller, Efq; to the rectory of Shepperton, in Middlefex. Paulett, M. 4. by the duke of Rutland, to the re&ory of St. Lawrence, in Huntingdonshire.— Mr. Hy- borne, by the fociety for propagating the gofpel in foreign parts, to the living of All-foints, in South Carolina.-— Samuel Dyer, M. A. to the vicarage of Ryton, Hi Devonshire.— Richard Porter, M. A. ts> the reftory of Chaley, in Sutiex. [Prtnt'iint &d Bankrupt* in $*r next,] TO- Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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486 FOREIGN AFFAIRS, 1753. TOWARDS the end of Auguft laft, the ftates of Holland and Wefl-Frief- land hTued a placart for the encourage- ment of their filk and woollen manufac- tures, by which it wai ordained, that the mobility, burgo-mafters and magiftrates of the refpe&ive cities, the members of the aflembly of their noble and great mighti- nefles, and all thofe who had publick em- ployments or offices in that province, Should begin on the i ft of May, 1734, they, their wives, children, and domef- ticks, to make ufe of no other woollen or filk manufactures for cloathing, but fuch as had been, or mould be made in that province. And it is thought, that a like regulation will be made in every one of the other United Provinces. The parliament of Rouen, whofe jurif- di&on extendi over Normandy and Pi- cardy, having followed the example of the parliament of Paris, by profecuting fome priefts, who refuted to adminifter the facraments to dying perfons, becaufe they would not accept, or (hew a certi- ficate of their having accepted of the bull Unigenitus, (fee p. 395.) and the arrets of that parliament upon this occafion hav- ing been annulled by the king's council of Aate, the parliament prepared a long re- monftrance againft thus annulling their ar- rets, ftc. which was fent up to court laft Auguft, and after the fame was fent up, the chambers met on the 27th of that month, in order to iflue their orders forfeizing the body of the bifhop of Evereux, who had retufed to appear before them to be ex- amined, in relation to the directions he bad given to the priefts within his diocefe, not to adminifter the facraments to any s that had not, or would not accept of the laid bull. But as foon as they had met, they received a letter de cachet from the king, ordering them to fend up their firft preodent, two vice presidents, three coun- cilors of the grand -chamber, and one of each chamber of inquefts and rcquefts, together with the attorneys and folicitors general, to be with his majefty on the ad of next month by ten in the morning. Accordingly thefe deputies attended his anaiefty that day, when he told them, be bad Pent for them to let them know his pleasure, which his chancellor would in- timate to them j whereupon the chancel- lor made them a long fpeecb, which he began by laying, bis majefty was furpri- fed to And, that their remonftrances tend- ed to Jefleo'the authority which the con- stitution Unigenitus had received both under the late king, and fince his maje- fty'a aoeemon, by his edicts in 1720* and 1730 j and concluded with orders for them not to intermeddle in any difputes elating to the refuial of the fecraments. or to proceed in any fhoy had begun, par* ticelari y that relating to the bifhop of Ev- reux. When he had finiftted, hk majrfty faid 1 " What my chancellor has (aid to you is my will. I defire it may be exe- cuted, and regiftered in your books.'* And when they returned, the parliament appointed 18 of their number to confider this anfwer. Accordingly thefe 18 met on the 6th ult. hut their deliberation* were interrupted by letters patent fent from the kin?, forbidding them to break up before they had regiftered the king** anfwer given by his chancellor j v. here- upon all the chambers met the next -day, when it was carried by a great majority, not to regifter but to prefent new remon- ftrances. However, they agreed to regif- ter the letters patents, fo far as they re- garded the prolongation of their fittings, and the fervice of the chamber of vacati- ons. In the debates upon this fubjec% M. de Franquevtlle, cotmfetlpr of the grand -chamber, had, it feems, fpoke too freeiy, or at lea ft, what he faid had been mi (represented at court, therefore, on the 15th he was arretted by a party of dra- goons, and carried prifoner to the cattle of Dourlens, at which the people mewed fo much refentment that they began to in- fult even the clergy in the ftreets, which was, perhaps, the chief caufe of his be- ing very foon releafed j but he lived not long to enjoy his liberty, for he died the 9th Inft. leaving the parliament he be- loged to very bufy in drawing up their ne,w remonftrance. In the mean time fome copies of their laft remonftrance are handed about in m*- nufcript, and it is highly commended, particularly what they fay upon the 91ft proportion condemned by the bull Unige- nitus, the purport of which propofitiea is, that the fear of an unjuft exenanunitatitm ought mt t§ deter us from doing o*r jfvfy. And, indeed, it is not poflibie to imagine, that any king of common fenfe would Al- low, much lefs authorise the condemn- ing of ftich a propofnfon ; becaufe it i» really and effectually as far as opinion will go, a fufeje&ing of the crown fo the mi- tre, and enabling the church to deprive their Sovereign both of his authority and power. A difpute has juft happened between the regency of Hanover and the cify of Bremen, which is a free imperial city * and as execution feems to be the firft ftep in lawftiits within the empire, the former have fequeftered all the reve- nues in Stade and Ferden, which belong to Bremen, till that city (hall fatisfy the claims of the regency on Tome bas&wttfc* fltuated in its urriaorfes, . A«*» Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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72* Monthly Catalogue for O&obcr, 1753.' 4*7 Aits, Sciincxs, and Law. I, • ^TpHE Britifli Carpenter, or a 1 Treatife on Carpentry : Con- taining the moft concife and au then tick Ruler of that Art, in a more Ufeful and Extenfivc Method, than has |*en made Publick. To which is added, a Supple- ment, containing the celebrated Andrea palladio's Orders of Architecture, with the Ornaments of Doors and Windows, proportioned and adjufted by Divisions on Scales } together with the accurate Curves of their Mouldings, and their Application toUfc. By Francis Price. The 3d Edition, pr. 7s. 6d. bound. Printed by C. and J. Ackers, for C. Hitch and L. Hawes, and R. Baldwin. 2. A Supplement to Chambers's Dictio- nary, in 2 Vols folio, pr. 4L 20s. Long- 3. Notes and Obfervations on the fun- damental Laws of England ; wich fome Account of their Origin and prcfent E- ilabttfliment. By G. Horfaian, Efqj pr. %», bound. Baldwin* Divinity and Contsovxesy. 4. An Explanation of fome Prophecies contain'd in the Book of Daniel, pr. 6d. Baldwin. 5. Pious Memorials. By R. Bumham, pr. 51, Buckland. 6. An Anfwer to Mr. Kennicott's Dif- fertation. By F. Comings, M. A. pr. is. 6d. Rivington. 7. A Letter to a Friend on his Entrance fnto the Ministerial Office. By J. Mafan, A. M. pr. 6d. Noon. 8. An earned Exhortation to the Jews, pr. 6d. Waithers. 9. Colle&s upon the principal Articles pf the Chriftian Faith, pr. as. fewed. Birt. 10. The Credibility of the Gofpel Hif- tory, Vol. X. By N. Lardner, D, D. pr. 5s. Noon. 11. The Ancientnefs of the Chriftian Religion. By B. Regis, D. D. pr. is. Oliver. is. Human Reafon a fallible Guide, in Anfwer to the free Enquirers of the pre- fent Age, pr. is. Baldwin. Entkbtainmemt and Poxtby. 13. The Kentifh Candidates, pr. 6d. Carpenter. 14. The Female Rambler, pr. as. Reeve. 15. • The pofthumous Works of Mr. Samuel Butler ( Author of Hudibras) com- pleat in one pocket Volume, with Cuts, pr. 3s. Baldwin. 16. * Tlie London Spy compleat, in 18 Parts. The Fourth Edition rcvifed and correded. In which Youth may fee the Vices of the Town, without the Danger •/ Recline, vicious Company, and {earn to avoid thofe Snares and Subtilties which trepan many to their Ruin, pr. 3s. bound. Baldwin. MlSCXLt akxous. 17. Proceedings at the Old Baily, pr. 8d. Cooper. if. The Menu of Whig and Tory weighed and balanced, pr. 6d. Payne. 19. Remarks on the Life of ArehbUhop Tillotfon, pr. is. 6d. Owen. ao. A De&ription of two Methods by which the Irregularities in the Motion of a Clock may be prevented. By J. EUicot, F. R. S. pr. is. 6d. Wilcock. a 1. The Trial, Jtc. of W. Smith, at York, for poifoning 4 Peribns, pr. 6d« Cooper. at. The Court and Country Interaft United, pr. 6d. Baldwin. 23. An hiftorical Defcription of Weft- minfter- Abbey, pr. is. Newbery. 24- Some Hints to prevent the Choke of improper Perfons to (erve in Parlia- ment, pr. is. td. Owen ac. The Difcoveries of J. Poulter, a Highwayman, pr. 6d. Owen. (Seep. 4x0.) 26. The Bank of the Fiddles, pr. U> Owen. 27. An historical Defcription of St* Paul's Cathedral, or. 6d. Newbery. a8. New Church Melody : Being a Set of Anthems, Pfalms, Hymns, tec. in 4 Parts. By W. Knapp, pr. 3s. 6d. Bald* win. 29 The Life of Pontius Pilate, pr. is. Cooper. 30. • The Age of Lewis XIV. in % Vols. lamo. pr. 6s. Dodfley. 31. A second Addrefs to the Free- holders of Oxford, pr. 6d. Bouquet. 32. A Letter on the Jew* Bill, pr. 64. Cortat. 33. A Letter from Lord Vifcount Cage to the Voters of Tewkefbury, pr. 6d. Barnes. 34. A Treatife on Cyder-making. By H. Stafford, Efqj pr. 28. «c. An earneft Addrefs to the Free* holders and Electa* of Great-Britain on OccaAon of the Naturalization of the Jews, pr. is. Baldwin. *6. Considerations on the Acl to natu* rahze the Jews, pr. is. Baldwin, 37. A Collection of Pieces in Defence of the Jews, pr. is. Griffith. 38. The Jews Advocate, pr. is. Cooper. 39. A Looking-Glafs for the Jews, pr. is. Dickinfon. 40. A Collection of the bed Pieces againft the Jews, pr. is. Cooper. 41. A candid Examination of the A& for naturalizing the Jews, pr.6d. Wright. 42. A Memorial by the Earl of Kr-1- e) — e to Jus M— — y, pr. ^d. Carpenter Paicxt. Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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The London Magazine *or jn u v b m k t, k, 175?. To be Coadaued. (trice dix- fence each Month.) Containing, (Greater Variety, and more in Quantity > than any Monthly Book of the fame Price.) I. The State of Britain in Boadicia's Time, for the better under (landing of the new Tragedy. I T. A remarkable old Re cord, being a Pa- tent for a univerf.il Medicine and the Phi- Jofophers Stone. II. The Art of not knowing People. IV. The Life of Spencer, the famous Poet. 7, Picture of a jealous Hufoand. f\. The Joukkal of a Learned and Poli- tical Clue, Sec. continued : Containing the SrzzcHEs of L. Trebontus Afper and L. Virginiua> on the Bi^l for preventing clandestine Marriages. rlT. T*he King's Speech at the Opening of the Sefiion. rlt!. The Lords Addrefs. X. The Commons Addrefs. . OftheEtymoWyoftheNameoftheDruids. I, Que ft ion in Navigation folved. IT. Dr. Stebbing's Letter to Dr. Shuckford. III. An A& of Henry HI. and another of £dward I. in relation to the Jews. IV. Of the City and Univerfity of Oxford. V. Of the new Exchange at Briftol. Opinions of Lawyers about the Jews XVII. Remarks on the fame. XVIII. State of the Jews under our anticnt Kings. XIX. French King fcftablimes a new Court of Juftice. XX. An Apology for Polls. XXI. Of Difference in Opinions. XXII. A ufeful Observation relating to mad Dogs. XX II I. PofcmV : A new Prologue fpoken by Mr. Barry j EpiftJe to a Friend at Bath j Birth-Day Ode 5 on the late Rev. Or. Fofter ; the Free Mafons Anthem j On the Death of Lord Coke j Flavia j a new Song fet to Mufick, &c. &c. XXIV. The Monthly Chionologib I Lord-Mayor's Death, and a new one elect- ed ; Thanks to the late Lord-Mayor : Shipwreck ; Fire, Sec. &c. XXV. Promotions j Ma/nages and Births ; Deaths $ Bankrupts. XXVI. Pricss of Stocks for each Day. XXVII. Monthly Bill of Mortality. XXVII T. Explanation of the Stationers Al- manack. XXIX. Catalogue of Boekik VI purchasing Lands ith a beautiful Head of SPENSER, a neat-Vitw of the City of OXFORD, and of the new EXCHANGE at Bristol ; all curioufly engraved. ' MU LT U M 1 N V A RVO. " -. ■ ■ ' ■ ■■ ; ■ » ■■ ■ < 1 ON DON : Printed for R. Baldwin, jun. at the Rofe in Pater- iNo.'tef- Row ; ' whom may be had, compleat Sets from the Beginnin? to this Time, neatly Bound, or StitcVd, or any fmgls Month so compleat Sets. Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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CONTENTS. TH E art of net hearing people, or not knowing them $ from the World 491, 491 Subftance of hit majesty's fpeech 49a O, 493 The lords addrefs, with the kind's anfwer 491 The commons addrefs, with his majefty's anfwer 493, C, 494 State of Britain in Boadicla's time, on occafion of the new tragedy 494 The life of Spenfer 494—496 Stories concerning him, and fpeciment of his poetry 495 Different accounts of his death, and cha- racter of him and his writings 496 The Journal of a learned and political Club, &c. continued 497 — cot Smich of L. Trebonius Afper agantf\ the marriage bill 497 — 50$ Srisc* of L. Virginius in favour of it 5°5 ~5og Picture of a jealous hufband 508 A remarkable old record, being a patent of K. Henry VI. for a univerfal medi- cine and the Philosophers -(tone 509 Solution of a queftion in navigation 511 A difcourfe on the etymology of the name of \ht Druids 511, 51* References to our large defcriptioas of the city and univerfity of Oxford, with an explanation of the Via v/ annexed 51a Dr. Subbing*! letter to Dr. Shuckford 5x3, 5H A£t of Henry ITT. againft the Jews pur- chasing or holding any land eftates 515 ACt of Edward 1. in relation to the Jcwt 516 Kcmar ks on thefe ads 517 An apology for ports 517*518 Of difference in opinions 519 Different views of human life, from Po- fidippusand Metrodorus 519, 520 An account of the new Exchange at Brirtol 5x0 C, 511 Some other particulars relating to the city $*i When a perfbn has been bitten by a dog, how to know whether the dog was N mad ibid. B. Opinions of lawyers on the queftion whe- ther a Jew born here could purchafe and bold lands to him and hh heart ibid. D, and 50* A letter, containing remarks on the feme* and feveral other things relating to the Tews 5*3—52$ Of naturalization, denization, &c. 5x3 State 0/ the Jew* under odr ancient kings . 5*4 Pottiy. The freemafons anthem, at laying the foundation of the new ex- change at Edinburgh 5a 5 A new fong, fung by Mr. Beard, let to munck 5x6 A country dance «*7 Ode for his majefty's birth-day seta. On the late Rev. Dr. James Fo<ler $af EpHfleto Mr. C — rK— ck at Bath ibid. Flavia 529; A prologue fpoken by Mr. Barry, In the character of Romeo, on Mifs Hoffitcr** firft appearing upon the ftage ibid* . On rhe death of lord vifcount Coke 53d On travelling with a lady ibid. Extempore on capt. CHve's arrival ibid. The Most TnltCiioholocii 531 French king's declaration for eftaUilhing a royal chamber, in the room of tho parliament of Paris ibid, A terrible (hipwreck 53m A fire, in which three perfoas were burnt ittd. The new lord-hiayor fworn in ibid. Opening of the feventh feffton of the pre- fent parliament Htid. Thanks of the court of common-council to Sir Crifp Gafcoyne, knt. the late lord-mayor Ibid. The Rt. Hon. Edward TronfidV, Efift the new lord mayor dies, and alderman Rawlinfon elected in his room Explanation of tfte flatloncrs almanac ibid. Marriages and births Deaths Ecclefiaftical preferments Promotions civil and military Perfons declared bankrupts A catalogue of books Prices of flocks and grain \ wind, Wea- ther 51$ Monthly bill of mortality £i4» nacfc ibid, ibid* ibid. «& ibid. 555 We have received feveral mathematical fueflim, and ether pieces h prtfe and werfc, fball he eettfidertd. Some acaum ef the late JUv. Dr. Fofter in em next. f5» Rr.ctiTTs for ret/effing the'LAxn Tax and Window Lights, art pva Gratis If JL Baxpwik, Meet/tiler, at the Rofe in Patcr-Noflor-Row. 1

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THE London Magazine* NOVEMBER, 1753. T«* Letters from The World, Nov. 15. T§ Mr» Fitz-Adam. SIR, t HEN a rich man fpeak- eth, fays the fon of Si- rach, every man holdeth his tongue, and lo ! what ^ he fayeth is extolled to the clouds $ but if a poor man fpeak, they lay, What fellow is this ? I had a mortifying opportunity yefterday of experiencing the truth of this observation. It is not material, that I mould tell jrou who or what I am ; it will be enough to fay, that tho* I dine every day, and B always make my appearance abroad in a clean mirt. I have no thoughts of offer- Ins; my fell as a candidate for a borough %t the next general ejection j nor am 1 am, AMONG the many inventions of this wife and polite age, I look up* on the art of mt knvwitii fetfk, to be one Qjl q a of Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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49* *** A R T of not knotting People. Nev. efthegreateft. But for fear the term mould perfons of falhion, or a few very gentefct be a little too technical for many of your people who have rtudied under them, readers, tlhall explain it at Urge. What can make themfelves mailers of. But ic I mean is, that perfons of diftinelion is an art tfiat will undo me, if a living /hall meet their inferiors in publick places, which my friend the noble lord has been and either walk, lit, or ftand dofe at fo good as to allure me of, (hould hap- their elbows, without having the lead pen to become void while I am in this recollection of them ; whom but a week ^ place ; for how can I fuppofe that Ms or « day before, they have been parti- lord/hip will give that to an entire ftraxv- cularly intimate with, and for whom ger, which he has long ago promifed *> tl»ey have prefeiTed the mod affectionate an intimate acquaintance ? regard. As you have taken no notice I am, S I R, of this art, in all probability the pro- Your humble fervant, feflbrs of it have efcaped you j but as Abraham Adams. 1 have lately been the fubjea of irs fulled exertion, I beg leave to trouble you with 1 have taken the firrt opportunity (fayt a few words upon the occafion. B Mr. fitz Adam) of publiihing thefe- I am a clergyman of fome fortune, tho* letters, not from a conviction that the no preferment ; and knowing that I had writers of them have any caufe of corn- many friends at Bath this feafon, ) came plaint, but from a defire of removing falfe hither laft week to enjoy the pleafure of prejudices, and of doing juftice to the their converfation. The morning after charaders of great people* As for the my arrival I took a walk to the pump- Ton of Sirach, whom the firft of my cor- room, where I had the honour of feeing refpondents has thought proper to quote, a noble lord, a baronet, and fome ladies Q everybody knows that his writings aif of quality, with whom I was very well apocryphal; and as to the matter com- acquainted ; but to my great furprife, plained of, namely, ' that a private man tho* I flood at thediftance of only two cannot make hJmfclf beard among lords or three yards from them, I did not per- and great folks, it is a fault of nature, who ceive that any one of them knew me. it is well known has formed the ears of* I have dined feveral times with his lord- perfons of Quality only for hearing one a- fhip, have frequently drank tea with the nother. My other correfpondent, who it ladies, ar>d foent two months this fum- piqued at not being known, is equally un* mer with the baronet, and yet am throw- *J reafonablc | for he cannot but have ob- ing myfelf in their way every morning, fcrved at the playhoufes and other public* am fitting next them in the rooms every places, from the number of glaffes ufed •ventpg, nay, playing at cards with them by people of famion, that they Mrt natu- at the fame table, without their having rally fhort -lighted. It is from this vifoal the leaft remembrance of me. There is defect, that a great man is apt to miftake atfo a very genteel family in the place, in fortune for honour, a fervice of plate for «rhich I have been fo extremely intimate, a good name, and his neighbour *s w>f« that according to the fong, £ for his own. Hi» memory is in many in- J have drari noith the father, haw taWd tenets as defedive as hit fight. Benefits, with tie mother, [ but I have, the graph in praife of great men, if 1 was not fatisfa&ion of finding -that my eyes, nofe refrained by the contf deration, that of all and mouth are not only remaining, butG things in the world, they hate flattery, that they Hand', as near a& I can guefs, in * the very individual places, as when my f\** Thuriday, Nov. 15, the partia* friends knew me j and that their forget- \J mem met, when his majetly made firfnefs is altogether owing to -this new in- a molt gracious fpeech from the throne, venud art, aa yt wjuth it fecms none but in which §t <eils Uoth houfes,That he had called izectbyC

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1753- King's Speech, Addresses, 6?r. 493 called them together as early at their at- inftance more confpicuout than in your tendance upon their private affairs would vigilance to prefer\e to them the bleffinge admit ; and he was confident, they were of peace. Our juft confidence an your all met with the beft difpofitions, to give majefty's purfuing the moft efteclual mea- fuch application and difpatch to the bufi- Aires for this purpofe is equal to thotit nefs of this feflion, as may be moil con- grateful feotiments with which our hearts ducivc to the publick utility : That the are filled on this otcafion. The honour events of this year had not made it necef- ^ and fecurity of the nation, both at home tary for him to offer any thing in particu- and abroad, the maintenance of our re* t]ar to their confideration, relating to fo- ligion and liberty, the protection and ex- reign affairs : That the continuance of tenfion of our commerce, and every the publick tranquillity, and the general branch of the national happinefs, are the ftate of Europe, remained upon the fame objefis of your royal care, wifely and foot as when they laft parted ; and they fte-dily exerted for the common good of might be allured of his Head i nefs in pur- your people. . fuing the mod' effectual meafures to pre- It gives us the utmoft concern, that it ferve to his people the bleflings of peace. B fhould be neceffary for your majefty again Then his majefty acquaints the com- to take notice of the increafe of thofe nor* tnons, that he had nothing to afk of them, rid crimes of robbery and murder, which but the neceflary fupplies for the ordinary are arrived at io great a height. We are Services of the enfumg year ; and fuch as duly fenfible, that your majefty's jufticc' bad already been under their confiderati- is never wanting te protect the innocent on : That he had ordered eftimatcs to be and punifh the guilty 5 and it fhall be our laid before them j and from the experience conftant endeavour to inforce, and add vi- ne had had of their conftant regard for his Q gour to, the laws for bringing fuch auda- honour, and the fecurity, as well as eafe, cious and obftinate offenders to punifh- of their fellow fubjtlts, he entertained no ment. Your majefty, like a true father doubt of their making the proper pro vifiont to your people, has often gracioufly re- for thefe purpofes. commended to us the falutary work of re- Then his majcfty, fpeaking to both formation $ which, though it proceeds too houfea, concludes thus : - 1 am forry to flowly, we wiB not fail to promote to the be obliged again to mention to you a fub- utmoft of our power, jetl, which i efte&s dishonour upon the Nothing mall be wanting on our part to nation, as well as creates great danger and anfwer your majefty's juft expectations, mifchicf to my good furjecls. It is wi;h D that the publick utility mail be our rule in the utmoft regret I obferve, that the hor- carrying on the buflnefs of this feflion, rid cri;nes of robbery and murder are, of And we humbly entreat your majefty te late, rather encreafed than diminished. accept our ftrongeft aflu ranees, that as the I am fcnCble, that works of reformation continuance of your precious life is the axe not to be effected at once ; but every fubjec"t of our ardent wifhes and prayers j body mould contribute their beft endea- fo the fupport of your government, the vours : And let me earneftly recommend glory of your aufpicious reign, and the it to you, to continue your fcripus attcn- g preservation of the Proteftant fuccemon tion to this important object. Whatfo- in your royal family, are, and fhall be, ever fhall be found expedient, either in the invariable principles and aim of our this, or any other refpeel, for the welfare conduct, and happinefa of my people mail tnctp with my hearty concurrence and fupport. His Majesty's snofi gracious Aiitwta. Tic Loans Addrisb, pref.nted on Friday, MS *"'&> Nov. 16. tltO THING can be more agreeable F i\| to me than this very dutiful and af- Mcfi Grades* Sowiign, fcftiooate addrefs. I thank you for it t WE your majefty's moft dutiful and . And, as my jtreat aim is your lafting pro- loyal fubjeifts tr-e lords fpiritual fpcrity, beafTured, thit the confidence you and temporal in parliament afTembled, repofe in me fhall be made'ufcof for the teg leave to return your majefty our hum- honour and true intereft of the nation, ble thanks for your moft gracious fpeech from the throne. Tbt Commons Aoaaxss, prefinttd on Sa« Every opportunity of approaching your q turday, Nov. 17. facred perfon furnifhes us with new mat- ter for ackn6wledj- in; yaur majefty's con- Mcti Graaous Sovereign, Hant and unwearied attention to the wel- ¥ x J E your majefty's moft dutiful and fire of your kingdoms ; which is jn, no yy lo>al fabjccls the commons of 1 Great. Digitized by VjOOQ 1C

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494 State of Britain in Boadicia's Time. Not. Creat-Britain in' parliament aflembled, ner j but hii aJTain at home hindered hiw beg leave to return your majefty our hum- from making a eonqoeft, which was beat*, ble thank$ for your moil gracious fpeech »y brought about under the emp«ror Clam- from the throne. dius. ,rhc country was divided into fe- " And we affure your roajeflyy that we *eral kingdoms er diftricls, as that of cbe -will not fall, on our parts, to give fuchap- Iceneans, of the Trfnobanqans, of the tflicarton and difpatch to the bufinefs of Brigantians, Sec. Which were governed this feflion, as may be moft conducivo to A refpecriveiy by kings or chiefs. The na- the pubDck utility. tives ^trt reckoned brave, and fought The happy continuance of the general from chariots armed with long fythefe tranquillity calls up*»n us fo cxprefs our which were terrible to the Romans. TbeV latitude to your majefty, for your con- jfcrfoimed their religious worship in grove). Sane attention to an object fo eflential to of oaks 5 their priefts, called Droirfs, flit intereft of your people : And we have taught the transmigration of the foul, and the utmoft confidence in your majefty's often (acrinccd their captives at the altars ' wifdom and (leadinefs, that you will pur- of the godddefs Andate, a principal deity fue the meft effe&uni meafures fori>re- B amongii them, as being the patroncfa of ferving to this nation the ineftimable blef* war. lings of peace. Il wa6 in the *me of Nero, that Prafu- We beg leave to afitire your majerty, tagus, king of the lceneans, at his dieatf^ that we will chearfully raife fuch fupplies, left part ot his dominions to the emperor ^ as (hall be fvund neceffary for the fervices hoping thereby to fecure a protection for of the enfuing year. his queen Boadicia and his daughters. But Nothing can be more pleating to your the Roman procurator, Catus Dccianu^ faithful commons, than to receive IrertiQ not content with feizing the whole, corn- marks of your majefty*s gracious appro- manded the queen to be dishonoured with bation of our palt aeal and regard for ftripes, and her daughters to be ravUhed. your honour, as well as for the fecutity The Britons enraged at thefe infults ttfe, and eafe of our fellow fubjedU. and, led by the injured Boadicia, deftroy We lament, with the decpeft concern, 70,000 of the Romans, and burn many that the methods hitherto attempted to of their fettlements. To fupprefs tbeXe teprefs and prevent the horrid crimes of disorders, which thrcaten'd the lofs of the robbery and murder, fo gsicrous, as well ifland, Paulinus Suetonius, the proprietor, as dithonourable to this nation, have D marches with an army againft the iafuk- proved ineft'ea«al j but we aflure. your ing foe, and by his prudent condua, talf- majefty, that however difficult the taflt ing advantage of Boadicias rafiinefs ajad may be, to reform, or even leArain, the obftinacy, gains a complete victory, defperate and abandoned, we will never- The whole action or the play paces' in theleft perfeveie in our ferious endeavours the Britifh camp, beginning juil beibia to provide, if it be poffiWe, a more ade- this memorabk battle that determined the m whl*ch be was hi amjfi to Uy fumlbmg 0/ 0* i>tati of unfucrctfbful. THIs, joined with the nar- tbtt IjLvdat that Time rownefs of his ciicomftances, obliged hir* U LI US Cacfar was the fii fl ©f the Ro- %q leave tlie univerfiry j and wc £ad UUxi sunk ilut lauded lier&in a hcitiie man- nexe ' J Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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*753* ttf Ltf* of S PE N SE R. 4$s next refidjng tt the boufe of a friend in Items to ajbide to the dtfeouragesneota the North, where he fell in leva with hie Above mentioned, in the following ftana*. fcofalind, whomhenneiy celebrates in his 0 #& & ^^ o gall of ail goo* Eaftoral poems, and of whofe cruelty he hCJim * ^ • BWW as written fuch pathetical complaints. To fte thlt ^^ ^^ d^^ ^ _!fu.fer L51mUi*Amb0^i^S ^ r^J* Cf fu JV fll0ft £- 0 1* not thefe, of whom di mufe ia ^cation, to the Maecenas of that age, the My9 or dead be by the mufc adorn'* immortal Sir Phtfip Sidney. A ftory is ' «««• told of this gentlemen, which Serves to Thefe lines are certainly mesnt to rey iHuftrate hia great worth and penetration, fled on Burleigh for neglecting him, ane? a* well as the excellent genius of SjSenfcr. the lord treafurer afterwards conceived * It is faid that our poet was a ftranger to *» hatred towards him for the fatire he ap* him, when he began to write his Fairy prehended was levelled at him in Mother Queen, and that he took occauon to go to Hubbard's tale, in which are the follow* leicefter houfe, and introduce himfelf by tag remarkable lines, (ending in to Sir Philip, a copy of the oth FuH little bnoweft thou, that haft not tamo of the ift book of that poem- try'd, Sidney was much furprifed wUh the de- what helHt is in fling long to bide, fcriptioo of defpair in that canto, and is To ciofe good day*, that nights be better laid to have (hewn an unufual kind of Q f^, * W^ tranfport on the difcovery of fo new and To wafte kmgnights in pe^ivedtfcontene t uncommon a genius. After he had read Tofpeed today, to be put backtc-monow! fome ftanza's, he turned to his fteward, To feed on hope, to pine with fear ani and bid him give the perfon who brought forrow $ f peerZ thofe verfes

reading one ftanza more, Mr. Sidney ruQ> ^ piled the gratuity to 100I. and command- To fpend, to give, to want, to be undone. #d the fteward to give it immediately, left as he read farther he might be tempted to There is a little ftory, which feente give away his whole eftare. From this founded on the above, grievance. Ic if *>A»e he admitted the author to his ac- faid, that upon our author's preferring cjuaintanc* and conversation, and pre- £ fome poems to the queen, flit ordered pared the way for his being known and re- him a gratuity of iool, but the lord trea- feived at court. furer Burleigh objecting to it, faid witls Tho' this feemed a pr omifing omen, he fome fcorn of the poet, What ! all thia did not immediately reap any advantage for a fong ? The queen replied, Then give from it. He was indeed made poet laureat to him what is reafon. Spenfer waited fojr Q. Elizabeth, but for fome time he pof- fome time, but had the mortification t felled only the place without the pennon, find himfelf difappointe'd. Upon this he Lord treafurer Burleigh, under whofe dif* took a proper opportunity to prefent a jrieafure Spenfer laboured, took care to in* F paper to Q^ Elizabeth in the manner of tercept the queen's favours to this unhappy m petition, in which he reminded her of Eeat man. Such difcburagements greatly the order (he had given, in the following n*k his fptrit, and accordingly we find lines. htm pouring out complaints at fo injurious j was promis'd en a t/mo apl undeferved a treatment ; which, pro- To have reafon for my rhyme j . bably, would have been lefs unfortunate From that time unto this feafon, Co him, if his noWe patron Sir PhHip t received nor rhyme nor reafon. Sidney bad not been fo much abient from G aourt, as by his employments abroad, and Hereupon the queen, after fharply re> efce? (hare he had in the Low-Country proving the treafurer, immediately di- wars, he was obliged to be. In a poem, reeled the payment of the tool, me had called The ruins of time, written fome fir ft ordered. same after Sidney's death, our author In 1579, Spenfer was fent abroad by the Digitized by Vj.OOQ IC

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%$t !& Li>b i/SPEN$ER: Nr the poet's fancy led, purfu'd powerful enemy the lord Burleigh, 1598 ; Thro* pathlefs fields, and unfrequented that he was buried in Weftminfter Abbey, floods, near the famous Chaucer*, as he de- To dens of dragons,and enchanted woods, fired : and that his monument was erected But now the myftic tale, that pleased ef at the charee of Robert Devereux, the un- yore, fortunate earl of Eflex. But Mr. Cibber Can charm an underftandmg age no more 1 rives a different account of his death, *The long fpun allegories fulfome grow, from the ineenious Mr. Drummond, who While the dull moral lies too plain below* favs «• that Ben Tohnfon told him, that ^ We view wdl pleasM at diftance, afl-J Soenfer^s goods were robbed by the and a little child of his burnt, and he and And damfels in diftrefs, and courtews^ Itis wife narrowly efcaped j that he after- knights. J wards died in King-ftreet, Dublin, hy ab- But when we look too near, the flunks folute want of bread, .and that be re- decay, __ /yfed ao pieces, fent him by the earl of And all the pleafing landfcape fades aw*f. • Sti Lis life in our Magazine for Stftemlcr, p. 308, with a <aW#ei/fwf */ bis HlA*. Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1753- 497 JOURNAL of the Proceedings and Debates in the Political Club, continued from p. 4^6.. bill as it now appears before us. In the Debate, hegun in pur lajf9 the The foundation is upon three grie- mxt that fake <was L. Trebonius vances, which are now did to be fe- Afper, ivho/e Speech was in Std- verely felt, that is to fay, the uohap- Jlance as follows, viz. pj marriages clandeft inely made, .. which bring (hame and vexacion up- Mr. Frtftdent, ^ Qn priwa(C families, and want and " ' R$ , mifery upon the individuals that con- AS I have before given my trail them : The difficulties that are opinion fully upon the bill often found to prove the marriage, now under confederation, I or the legitimacy or illegitimacy of Ihould not think it necefTary to fay children : And the frequency of po- any thing more upon the fubjecl, lygamy, or bigamy, call it which but as f j many alterations have been B you will,, for our lawyers, L think, made that it can hardly be called the call it fometimes by one, and fome- fame bill, and as it may be imagin- times by the other name. Now, ed, that by thefe alterations I have Sir, as to the foutdatioa of this b 11 been induced to confider it as a bill I (hall make this general remark, that may now. be palled into a law, that all dangerous or oppreiTive laws I think it incumbent upon me to en- have been fir ft introduced under the deavour to fliew, why it is in its pie- C pretence of removing fome felt grie- fent drefs as unfit to be received by vance ; for people are but too apt us, as it was in the drtfs which it to run themfelves into a greater dan- firft appeared in ; and indeed, were ger or inconvenience, in order to I of opinion, that the alterations had prevent or get rid of a left, becaufe made it a bill fit to be pafled into a dangers or inconveniences at a dif- law, yet neverthelefs, / fhould be tance, like diftant objects, always againft the pre fen t que it ion, becaufe D appear lefs than they really are, and when the committee upon a bill, e- but few men have patience or judg- ipecially a bill from the other houfe, ment enough to di ("cover the fallacy make fuch alterations as render it in of their appearance. As to the a great meafure a new bill, I think, crime of polygamy, and the diificul- the bill ought upon the report to be ty of proof with regard to marriage withdrawn, and a new bill brought or the legitimacy or illegitimacy of in with thofe alterations in the body E children, both thefe grievances might of it; for otherwife you depart from be eafily removed, by a fhort bill for thofe forms which time and expert- appointing a proper regifter of mar- ence have (hewn to be ncceflfaiy for riages, and for efbbli thing it as a preventing furprife. rule by ftatute, that the legitimacy Sir, the objections againft the bill, of children fhould never be queflion- even as it now Hands, are fo nuny^ ed, after the death of their parents and of fuch different kinds, that it F who lived together as huiband and is hardly poifible to reduce one's wife, and were generally reputed to thoughts into any method : How- be fo in the pariih or place where ever, I (hall endeavour to do fo as they refided ; for what makes the much as I can, and for this purpofe crime of polygamy now fo frequent, (hall confider the foundation, the de- is the great chance the criminal has fign, and the confequences of the to efcape punilhment, becaufe of tne g T ■ ■ ■» G difficulty of conviitioa : As the l<tw Nomnbtr, ,7„. Rrr Di8itizedbyGoogll8W

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498 Proceedings of tie Political Club, &*. .Nor. now ftands, ic is hardly poflible to and were generally reputed to be Co convid a man of polygamy, unlefs* in the place whole they laft reftded, both his wives concur in the profe- which might be eauly done by the cutioa ; and if one of them was moft creditable perfons in the aeigh- married in the Fleer, or any fuch bourhood. fort of place, it is often not poflible, J now come, Sir, to the third even with her concurrence, to prove A foundation of this bill, which is the her marriage to the fatisfa&ion of a grievance (aid to be fo feverelj fek jury ; and even when proved, the by what we call a clandeftine marri- puniftiment is fo light to a man who age, which is a marriage without K- has no eftate, goods, or chattels that cenct or proclamation of banns ; for can be laid hold of, that it is no ter- as goods entered without a clearance ror to fuch men, and fuch thofe art from the proper civil officer, are faid generally who are guilty of this B to t^e clandeilinely entered, tho* of- crime : Whereas, if a proper regif- ten landed upon fome parts of our ter of all marriages were appointed, coaft in a very publick manner, fo a and the benefit of clergy taken away marriage entered into without a clear- from the guilty, every woman would ance from the proper e cclefiaftical of- infift upon having her marriage re- ficer, is faid to be chndeftine, tho\ giftered in the proper rcgifter, and perhaps, folemnized in a much more it would be fo cafy to convift the of- C publick manner, than mzny of thofe fender, that no one, I believe, would that are folemnized by licence, fiat venture to be guilty of the crime. ^ as the publick reaps no greater bene- Then, Sir, with regard to marrj- fit from thofe marriages that are fo- age, or the legitimacy, pr illegiti- lemnired in the moft regular manner, macy of children, we all know, that than it does from thofe that are fo- fuch difputes feldom hippen until ltmnized in the moft clandeftine man- after the death of the father, and J) ner, therefore chndeftine marriages they are then occafioned either by a cannot properly in themfelves be call- woman's laying claim to be the wi- ed a publick evil, and as they are dow of the deceafed, tho' in his of different kinds, they ought CO life- time he never owned her as his have a different corfidcration. wife, or by the heirs or next of kin I fay, Sir, of different kinds ; for to the deceafed, pretending that tho' a clandeftine marriage may be equal he lived with fuch a woman as his £ both as to rank and fortune ; or un- wife, vet they were never aclually equal as to rank, or fortune, or both; married. Does not every one fee, or fuch a one as is fcandalous and in- that there could be no difficulty of famous upon one fide or the other, proof in either of thefe cafes, if a As to thofe clandeftine marriages chat regifter of marriages were appointed are every way equal, furcly they and duly kept ? For in the fiiftcafe cannot be called a publick evil, be- the woman could not but remember p caufe they are generally the moft where (he was married, and could happy, and fuch as parents ought bring a proof of her marriage from to approve of, and would appiove the 'regifter of that place : In the of, if not governed by fome whim fecond cafe it would be the fame if or caprice ; and (hull we put it out the mother were ftill alive ; and if of the power of parents to approve the mother were dead, the children of fuch a marriage, which will be would have nothing to do, fuppofing^ the effect of the bill now before us ? them ignorant of the place where As to thofe that are unequal with re- their parents were married, but to fpect to fortune, they are fo far Jrom prove, that their father and mother being a publick evil, that they arc a lived together as huiband and wife, pubhek benefit, becaufe they ftrv* Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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tJSY* Proceedings if the Political Civb, &c. 499 to difperfe the wealth of the king- The only kind of clandeftine mar- dom through the whole body of the riages therefore, Sir, that can be people, and to prevent the accumu- faid to be a publick evil, are thofe I lating and monopolizing it into a few have called fcandalous and infamous ; hands ; which is an advantage to eve- and thofe alone, I think, fuch that ry fociety, efpecially a free and trad- are entered into between a gentleman ing fociety. The lame may be faid A of chara&er and an abandoned pro- of clandeftine marriages that are un- ftitute, or a lady of chara&er and a equal both as to rank and fortune ; notorious rogue or common fharper : for if a lord of a good eftate mould I mean, Sir, a fharper of low rank ; marry a taylor's or a fhoe maker's for we may, perhaps, have (harpers daughter of good character, tho' not amongft us, whofe addreffei would worth a groat, or if a lady of qua- be approved of even by the parents lity, inticied to a good eftate, mould B of moft ladies of quality in the king- marry fuch a man's fon, who was of dom. This kind of clandeftine roar- 41 good character but no fortune, it riages is, I fhall grant, . a publick would be no difadvantage, but rather «vil, which ought, if poffible, to be a benefit to the publick, nor would prevented by a publick law, becaufe there be any thing reaily fcandalous it is the publick intereft that fuch or infamous in the marriage ; becaufe creatures mould meet with no good if fuch a daughter or fon were by C fortune in this world, as their exam- the mduftry of the father, or the pie might be an encouragement to •gift of any relation, pofleifed of a others to follow the fame profligate plentiful fortune, neither parents nor courfes. But how rarely do fuch in- relations would think the match dif- famous marriages happen, efpecially honourable ; and furely riches can with refpeft to thofe that are under never make that honourable which age ? And as to thofe of full age, if would otherwife be infamous, norD they cannot marry clandefunely, can poverty make that infamous, there is nothing in this bill that can which would otherwife be no way prevent their con trad ing fuch a mar- ilimonourable. Nay, i will go far- riage in a regular manner by licence ; ther, I will fay, that fuch marriages for the ecclcfiaftical officer never doe?, Seldom, if ever, bring fhame or mi- nor indeed can refufe to grant a Ii- iery upon the contracting parties, cence upon demand, if affidavit be Indeed, when the gentleman or la- £ made, that the parties are of full dy of quality fo marrying has no e- age, and that there is no legal ob- ftate but what depends upon the good je&ion to their being married, which will of their parents, we know that the reputation of a man's being a |M rents are often by their pride and rogue, or a woman's being a pro it i- avarice rendered fo cruel, as to leave tute, is not. I cannot therefore their child to ftarve rather than feem think, that we ooght to add to the xo approve of fuch a marriage ; but F fize of our ftatute book, already too this does not enfue from the marri- voluminous, by making a new law age's being dan deft ioe, for the fame for preventingwhat can but very rarely confequence would enfue from a re- happen ; and much lefs do I think, jrular marriage by licence ; and the that we fhould for this purpofe run iame confequence will more probably the rifk of introducing one of the enfue from a lady of quality's elop-G greateft misfortunes that can happen ing with fuch a man, or a gentle- to fociety ; and that this will be the man's cohabiting with fuch a woman, cafe 1 (hall endeavour to democllrate, without any marriage at all, or after when I come to ccnfidcr the conie- a marriage which you have declared quences of the bill now under our to be void in law. confideration ; but in purfuance of Krrz the Digitized by UOOQ IC

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500 Proceedings of the Political Cltjb, tie. Nov. the method I have laid down, I to truft to, and therefore, I am port rouft firft confider the defign of the fuaded, that a few yean hence ma* bill. ny a young woman will be debauch- As the foundation of the bill, Sir, ed under the pretence of a fhani is tbrcerbld, (o the defign muft of marriage, or .a written promife of courfe be threefold, that is to fay, marriage ; for tho' thofc of (he pre- To prevent polygamy : To render A fent generation may remember forne» the proof of marriage more certain thing of the law, and be a IhrJe can. and eafy, in order to prevent dif- tious, yet the young women of th* putes about the legitimacy or iilegi- next wilr be as ignorant and as re- timacy of children : And to prevent gardlefs of it, as they now an of clandeftine marriages. As to the our laws a gain ft wearing Camhricks* £rft, Sir, this bill will be fo far from Thus, Sir, it is evident, I think, aniwering the defign, that, in my B that this bill will rather defeat than opinion, it will render polygamy anfwer what I have ftated as the firfc much more frequent than it is at pre- defign of it, and which, in my opi- fent ; for it prefcribes fo many for- nion, is the moft laudable deign, mali ties fcr rendering a marriage the moft defirable end. And as to good and valid in law, that a cun- the proof of marriage, how far the ning fellow will always take care to regifter by this bill to be eltabitfhed have fome of them omitted, by C will anfwer this purpofe, I (hail not which means he wi;l prevent its be- at prefcnt pretend to form any cor- ing in the power of the law to con- tain judgment ; but this I am rare vid him, or to fubjtrdt him to any of, that fo far as relates to this punifhment ; and as has been alrea- regifter, the bill is intirely a new dy obferved, every rakifh young fel- bill ; and I muft be of opinion, that low may marry feveral times before fuch an important regulation, a re- he comes of age, without being in D gulation upon which the legitimacy • the leaft danger of punifhment, or of all the children of the next gone* of being made to fuffer either in ration will depend, ought not to be purfe or'perfon ; for tho1 a young thus patted per Jaltvm, as it will be woman might, perhaps, have an ac- if the prcfent qoeftion be determined tion and recover damages againft a in the affirmative. I think, we man of full age, who, under a pro* ought to take a little more time so jnife of marriage, or under pretence E confider of it ? Nay, I think, we of a fham marriage, debauched her, ought to leave it for one futnrarr at yet if he was under age when he did leaft to be considered of by our coa* fo, fhe could recover no damages, flu a eats ; efpeciaily as we find, that for he could certainly plead his non- fome of the lawyers amon^lt.us are age to any fuch ad ion ; and even in a doubt, whether this regifter, fuppofing a man to be of full age tiro' kept in the moft formal and re- when he was guilty of fuch a vil- p gular manner, will be a fall proof hi nous impofhion upon an ignorant of the validity of any marriage thero Jove-fick maiden, as there can be no in entered. l*or m: own part, as it adequate recom pence for the lots of is not declared in any part of the a man's honour or a woman's virtue, bill, thajt fuch regifter book fhali be an aclion of damages would be but a proof, or even a presumption of an uncomfortable relief for a woman the truth of every entry made there- of any character ; nay, if the affaire m» ' am very much afraid, that our had been kept but tolerably fecret, couns below will require fome for* fhe would rather fubmit patiently to ther proof, that all the folejnmaet rhe indignity, than feek for repara- requir*.*d by this bill 'were duly ohw tidn in fuch a publick and mercenary ferved ^ and if they do, it will reo. way. This men will be but too apt dcr Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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i753* Proceedings •/ tbt PbtincAL Clu», ftfr. 501 der the proof of marriage more dif- that, I believe, it will be effe&ual fault and uncertain than it is by the for preventing any future marriage prefent pcaftke. without a proclamation of banns or £v*A as to the regifter itself, Sir, a licence ; but if a proper regifter I am afm*l» that our incumbents of marriages were eftablifhed, I can will be often under great difficulties foe no neceffity either for a licence, about making the entry, when the A or a proclamation of banns ; and as parties happen to live in pan (has re- it now teems to be the unanimous mote from each other, which is very opinion of this houfe, that fuch a often the cafe in the country ; for if regifter ought to be appointed, there they are married by proclamation is not fo much as a fhadow of reafon W banns, haw fhall the incumbent for carrying this third defign into of the church where they come to execution, but a great many ftrong be married know, that the banns B reafons agatnft k. Clandeftine mar- were regularly proclaimed in the riages, or what I mail now call, church of the parifti where the marriages without the confent of pa- other party refidet, and where he rents or relations, may affect the has not, perhaps, any friend or ac- pride or the avarice of the rich ; but quamtance ? They may bring him I have mown that every kind of fuch a falfe certificate ; and if he upon marriages, except one, are rather a the mith of it enters the marriage in C publick benefit than a publick evil ; his regifter, he may afterwards find therefore in fo far, they ought not himfclf indicled, and muft run the to be prevented by a publick law ; rifle of being condemned to be hang-' and as to the only one that can any ed for having made a falfe entry in way be called a publick evil, thofe his regifter ; for what will not a of this fort fo rarely happen, that lover do to .obtain a beautiful young they do not deferve to be taken any lady of a great fortune ? What will D notice of by the legiilature, efpe- not a revengeful father do, when he dally as they generally proceed from finds, that his daughter was married feme negiett or wrong conduit in at a church 100 miles off, and an the parent*, with regard to the en re entry made in the regifter, as if (he and education of their children. But had been married by proclamation even fuppofing that fuch marriages of banns, in his pariih church, tho* happened much oftener then they none fuch were ever proclaimed ; £ do, is it poffible by laws to prevent Again, if the marriage is to be by all the misfortunes that are brought licence* the incumbent may know, upon individuals by mifconduct ? that the party who reticles in his Would you prevent fuch misfortunes pari(h is of age, or that the parents by bringing a misfortune upon the Mve confented ; but how fhall he fociety i (elf ? Becaufe fome men be certainly informed of this, as to *afte cheir fubftance and ruin thetr the otucr* party, who refides, per~<ff families by their extravagance, would iiaps, in a very diftant ptrifh ? 1 n you therefore put it out of the pow- fhort, Sir, if i were an incumbent er of any man to difpofe of his e- of a pariih, I would not, after this fete ? Becaufe fome men make very bai takes place, perform the cere- whimfical, and really very unjult mony o£ marriage between any two wills, would you therefore pat it out perlons whatever, unlets 1 perfonally of the power of any nun to difpofe knew, not only both c he parties, butG of his property by wfll ? And be- the relations, of both ths parties ; caufe fome people rafhly contract in- and what an inconvenience this may famous marna5es ; will you there- he I leave to gentlemen to confider. fore put marriage under inch regula- Now, Sir, with regard to the tions as will in a great meal are pre- ihird defign of this, bill, I fhall grant * vent Digitized by UOOQ 1C

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502 Proceedings of the Political Club, tic. Nov; *ent it, amongft the mod numerous the banns may there be proclaimed o« and moft ufeful ptrt of your people I a holiday, at well as a Sunday ; and This, Sir, leads me to the laft confequently the proclamation' mar head I propofed, which was to con- be fiuifhed, and the parties married Jider the confequences of the bill in a week or ten days time, now under our conuderation ; and Then, Sir, with regard to licea- npon this fubject I muft lay, I was A ces, whatever may be the ftridnefr iurprifed to hear the Hon. gentleman of law in Holland, I bare been ia- who fpoke laft draw any argument formed that the practice U different ; in favour of this bill from tixe laws for the parties may have a licence' pi Holland ; for the people of this upon the hxit application, from the country are fo very different from magiftrates of the town where they the people in the United Provinces, rchde, or from the court of Hollands in their difpofition, their temper, B and tho' I have not bean certainly and their humour, that a regulation informed, yet I have reafon to which in Holland has besn' found to believe, that a licence there does ^contribute to the publick good, may not coft fo many pence, as it here in this country be productive of the coils millings ; therefore the poor moft fatal confequences ; and betides, may eatiiy, and for a very small jthe form of government in the two expence, be married in Holland with- countries, as well as the religion, is C out proclamation of banns ; whereas, fo very different, that no regulation if this bill pafles into a Jaw the in the one can ever be made a pre- expence of fuch a marriage will very cedent for the other. In Holland foon amount to 40s. or two guineas 1 not only every province but every for a licence cannot be now had town is a fort of fovereignty within nnder four or five and twenty ftiil- itfelf ; and their religion, eipecially lings, befides the fees to the parfon, with regard to marriage, is much D &c. and after licences are made fo the lame it was in this country in the neceffary, the fees of both will cer* days of Oliver Cromwell, when nei- tainly be increafed, ther the marriage contracl, nor the But what makes the moil material ceremony was fuppofed to have any difference, Sir, between the laws of Janctity or religion in in nature ; Holland, (for upon this occafion I wbicn is a doctrine that, 1 hope, have inquired a little into them) and will never be propagated among the E what is propofed by this bill, is ia vulgar, efpecially the women of this what relates to promifes of marriage, countiy ; for the vows of wedlock, and the marriage of pcrfons under lilce Die vows of virginity, I am a- age. In Holland, a promife of mar- fraid, are too often broke, tho' in riage is fo facred, that the parties churches made. Ti*e Dutch, Sir, mufi perform,. if they were of age are naturally a cool, patient people, when the promife was made, and and not given to fudden cnanges, F the fame can be proved by the oath either in their tempers or paffions i of the party, by writing, or by a therefore the rendering a prockma- fufficient number of witneffes; other* tion of banns neceilary may do ve/y wife the judge will imprifon the party well in that country ; but in this refufing, or determine, that the par* where the people aie naturally fan ties fhall in every refpea be deemed guine, impatient, and as apt to as if they were married j for they tiian^e as the air they bicuhe, i am think that the breach of fuch a pro- conviuced, that luch a regulation Umife is ineflimable, and cannot be would bv the caufe of numl>crleis compenfatcd by any fum of money* mifchiefs i yet even the Dutch have unlets the plaintiff agrees to accept never ventured to go fo far in this re- of it. tor this reafon efpoufals, or fpect, as is propofed by this bill j lor A Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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i753« Proceedings of the Political Club, tic. 505 a mutual engagement to marry, are promife in writing : Even then, if yry frequent in Holland, and often he was under age, his nonage will entered into before the magiftrates be a bar to her a&ioo ; and fiippofing in the townhoufe, afcer which it is him of age, (he muft fubmit to have & very common for the parties to co- price put upon her honour and virtue habit together as if they were mar- by a jury of tradefmen, few of whom lied : Nay, if a gentleman gives a A are much accuftomed to deal in that lady what they call a trow brief \ commodity ; for even fuppofe fhe had that is a promife in writing to mar- taken a bond, I doubt much if our xy her, (he makes no fcruple to ad- courts of law would give her an/ mit him to her bed ; which is a greater fhare of the penalty, than very convenient cuftom for the ladies; the jury mould find by their verdict, becaufe if after that, fhe does not From all which I muft conclude, like him for a hufband, (he throws £ that this bill, if paffed into a law, her tru-u* brief into the fire, and is and not foon repealed, will be the under no obligation to marry him. caufe of numberlefs villainies among Thus, Sir, we fee how favourable the men, and of the ruin of a mul- the laws of Holland axe for the fair tkude of young women. fex ; but with regard to them this Now, Sir, with regard to the mar- bill will be a moft cruel law. It is riage of perfons under age, I (hall impofilble to prevent an innocent q grant that in Holland, where mar- credulous young creature's truiling riage is confidered only as a civil con- to the folemn promifes of the man tract, it is void, if contracted again ft (he loves, and every man may find the declared will of the parents ; but twenty reafbns for convincing a young if they do not declare their duTent, woman who loves him, of the dan- nor any fraud ufed for preventing their fer of their marrying at that time, knowledge of it, the marriage it t would therefore be vain to imagine jj good, if the hufband be above 14, that fuch promifes will not hereafter and the wife above 12; and even be made, and ftill more vain to when the parents declare their dtf~ imagine that they will not be too fent, the magiflrate may- interpofe, often truiled to : He muft be a man and if they cannot give a fufficient very ignorant of the world who can reafon for fuch diffent, the magi* imagine the former, and I muft think ftrate may authorize the marriage him a very unfortunate man who can £ whether they will or no. But by imagine the latter, becaufe it is this bill we are to go a great deal plain he never enjoyed the pleafure farther ; for the exprefs confent of of having the good graces of any the parents muft be had, otherwife young woman whatfoever. As the the marriage, if by licence, is to be Jaw now ftands, if a treacherous void, and let the father's diffent be young fellow mould refufe to per- never fofelfifh, capricious,orcruel,no form fuch a promife, the young wo- p magistrate, no power whatfoever can man who trufled to it may fue him authorize a marriage either by li- in the ecclefiaftical court, where fhe cence or proclamation of banns, may put him to. his oath, and if he This is really eftablifhing fuch a ty* confeifes the promife, or fhe can rannicai power in the father, as will, otherwife prove it, he muft either I am perfuaded, be the ruin of many uiSLrry her, or be imprifoned upon children, efpecially fuch as may thf writ de excommunicato capiendo, q have a father under the government Jfcit if this bill pafTes into a law, fhe or influence of a cruel ftepmother. ^an have no relief : The ftatute of Then, Sir, with regard to the con - frauds and perjuries will be a bar fent of guardians, in the province $o her a&ion at common law, unlefs of Holhnd, their confent is fo far Jhe iia* been fo cautious as to take a froa Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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504 Proceedings^/^ Political Club, (£& Nov. from being neeefTary, that marriage fuch an enemy I couM not farely even without their confent pats an hope for the protection of the ge*> end to their power ; for from that Clemen of our army, moment the ward is deemed to be But, Sir, of all the conferences Of full age, and may aft as fuch ; that muft enfae from the paffi^g of and the reafon given for this regu- this b'fl into a law, that of preseni- lation, which, indeed, is pecaliaxtoA ing marriage and promoting forni- the provir.ee of Holland, is, becaufe cation among oar induftfiOus poor it is for the benefit of commerce, will be the moft pernicious. We But by this bill, if ahe marriage be know how averie our people are to by licence, the exprefs confent of marriage by proclamation of banns, the ggurdian, or a decree of the court even now when they may be com- of chancery, muft be had, let the pleated in a week or ten days : How perfon under age be never fo poor; B much more averfe will they be, when and if fuch a perfon has no guardian they cannot be compleated under a appointed by the will of the father, month ? Thofe who do not think their marriage by licence feems to this too long a time for a loving be abfolutely prohibited, without couple to wait for the completion of previoufly incurring the cxpence of their wifhes, muft either have never having a guardian appointed by the felt the paffion of love, or muft be court of chancery* £ *° °W as to have entirely fbrgot the Let us confider, Sir, that the paffions of their youth, fo as to be flower of youth, the high eft bloom now callous to all paffions but that of a woman's beauty, i?, from 16 of avarice, which is too often the to 21 : Ir is then that a young wo- domineering paffion of Old age. ma", of little or no fortune has the What then moft our poor do ? A btft chance for difpofing of herfelf licence they cannot pay for : Sir, to advantage in marriage ; fhall we J) they will certainly begin to cohabit make it impoffible for her to do fo, together, as foon as they have given without the confent of an indigent notice to the parfon to proclaim the and mercenary father? Shall we banns; and the man, efpecially, may render it next to impoftible for her be fo cloyed with enjoyment before to do fo, even tho' (he has neither they are finifhed, as to rcfufe being rather nor mother alive? For a gen- married : Thus both being initiated demon's marrying a beautiful young g in fornication, may probably go on girl of little or no fortune, is gene- in the fime way, and never think rally fo much laughed at by his com- of marriage more ; for the firft bar- pan ions, that no man would chufe rier of virtue is to all men, and e- to have it made publick before-hand, fpecially to women, the moft difficult by a procl?mation of banns, or an to furmount. application to the court of chancery It is impoffible to imagine, Sir, for appointing her a guardian ; and p that any fct of men would think of the neceflity of his doing fo may fubjedting their country to fo many very prcbaoly prevent his making inconveniences, for the fake of pre- her happy, or induce him to render venting that fort of clandeftine mar- her miferable by debauching her. riages which happen fo rarely, and Sir, I muft look upon this bill as one which may more effectually be pre- of the moil cruel emcrprrfes againft vented by a due care and a proper the f*ir fex that ever entered into the^ education of children. There muft be heart of man, and if I were con- fome latent defign, and that can only cemed in promoting it, I mould ex- be a defign to fecure all the hcireffes peel to have my eyes tore out by the of the kingdom to the eldeft fons of young women of the firft country noble and rich families, in order ♦own I polled through ; for againft thereby Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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f 753« Proceedings ef tbi Political Club, 6fr. 505 thereby to eftablifh that fort of ari- owe to their children, and the cor> ftocratical government which, from fequence will be a neglett of duty the con quell to the reign of Hen- on the other fide, as toon as it is in ry VII. was the plague of this coun- their power. Therefore, to the ma- try, and fo often involved us in bloody ny arguments I have before ufed, 1 civil wars ; for I look upon this bill mull add this, that for preserving only as the prelude to another bill A the duty of children to their parents, for refloring the old law of intails, I mud be againit pafiing this bill into as a much ftronger argument may be a law, and confequently mud giva drawn for the latter, from the mif- my negative to the queftion* fortunes of families by the extrava- gance of an anceftor, than ever can Tie next that /poke war L. Virgi-' be drawn for the former, from the nius, the Purport of wbrfe Speeck misfortunes of families by the clan- B nvas as follow. dettine marriage of a fon or daughter. - 0 Sir, if this bill could any way con- Mr' rrejt*nt, tribote to fecure all our rich heireffes SIR, to the eldeft fons of noble reduced T AM very fenfible of the danger families, the argument might have x I am in, when 1 rife up to fpeak fome weight ; but as a rich noble after the Hon. gentleman who fpoke lord is as fond of having his eldeft fon C lafl : His manner of fpeaking is fo married to a rich heirefs as any poor engaging, there is fuch mufick in his lord can be, and as an avaricious fa- voice, that it pleafes the ear, tho' it ther always wilj, and the court of does not inform the underftanding t Chancery, or a guardian always muft At the fame time he exprettls his prefer the former, the bill will have fentiments in fuch beautiful terms, a quite contrary effect The poor is fo ingenious in finding out argu- nobility will become, as they are in D meats for fupporting his opinion, and Poland, attendants only opoo the ftates thofc arguments in fo ftrong a rich, and will ferve to incrcafp their light, that he is always molt deferv- power to tranfgrefs the bws and dif- ediy heard with attention, and even turb the peace of their country. with a fort of prejudice in favour of I hope no gentleman will from every thing he fays. But yet I am any thing I hive faid fuppofe, that fo folly convinced of his having up- I am for encouraging children to be £ on this occafion adopted the wrong Undutiful to their parents. I think fide of the queftion, that, I think, I children are in duty bound to confute may venture to (hew the impropriety their parents upon all occaiions of im- of moft of his arguments ; and in- portance, efpecially m that of their deed, there was not, in my opinior* marriage, and even to curb their incli- one argument he made ufe of againit nations, if poftible, when they find this bij, but what militates as ftrong- them difagreeable to their parents, p ly againit every law now fubfiiling But the duty if reciprocal : There is for preventing clandeftinc marriages ; a doty owing by parents to their therefore, if 1 thought there was any children, as well as by children to weight in thofe arguments, I fhould their parents ; and an exacl and af- move for leave to bring in a bill for fedlionate performance of that duty repealing all the penal laws we have on the fide of the parent is the bed agamft fuch marriages, in order to way to fecure it on the part of the q leave every boy of 14, and every child, If you eftablifh a tyrannical girl of 12, at full liberty to run to power in the father, as you propofe the next marriage (hop, (for 1 fup- to do by this bill, yon will make pofe we fhould loon have one in many fathers forget that daty they £ — of H— . November, 1753. m 5ji t\^y Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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506 Proceedings of the Political Club, He. No*.* every ftreet) ind be married when, and furprifed to hear fuch a gentleman argue to whom any fudden ftart of fancy fhould for the expediency of dandeftine mar- lirecl them. riages, for this is in effect the tendency But, Sir, I have always thought mat- of all the arguments made nfe of againft riagcavejyferiousarTair,therefore,l think, this bill. Doe* he think that the vulgar it ought (o be gone about with difaetion, can believe, that there is any shing facrasl with deliberation, and even with a re- in a ceremony performed in a little room ligious awe and reverence. A mutual * of an alehoufe in tbe Fleet, and by a pro- love between the two parties contracting A fligate clergyman whom they fee all 6* marriage is, I foal I grant, a vtry proper rags, f wearing like a trooper and higgling ingredient ; bqt then it ought to be a about what he is to have lor his trouble, ft date and fixt love, and not a fudden and half drunk perhaps at the very time* flam of paiTion which dazzles the under- he is performing the ceremony ? Surety, - flandi ng, but is in a moment extin- no gentleman can think that a practic* ruilhed : The happinef* of a marriage which brings not only the religious cere* founded upon fuch love can never be tnony of marriage, but even our religion lading, and accordingly we find from B itfelf, into fuch contempt, ought not tn experience that it feldom proves fo. There- be put an end to; and experience may fore our religion as well as our laws have convince us, that there is no way of pot- very wifely provided, that no fuch mar- ring an end to it, but by declaring all riages (hall ever be contracted 5 and when fuch marriages void by law. 4h« motual love is flxt upon a folid foua- Then, Sir, with regard to the mar- ' dation, that is to fay, upon the beauties riagc of pei fons under age, one would of the mind, as well as the charms of really think from gen ik mens way of the pe 1 fon, a month's preparation can be q arguing againft this bill, that we hare no ways grievous to either of the parties, now no laws againft infants being bur is in a manner neeeffary for convincing married without the confent of their pa- the world, as well as the parties them- rents or guardians,, and without pro- felves, that their choice of each other clamation of banns; yet we have h founded upon judgment and difcretion. fubfifting laws both of our church and flat* This time for deliberation is, I think, againft it, and we have had fuch laws nccefary for all ranks of people : As to fubfifting, ever fince we had either law thofe of the better fort who can conve- or religion among us. Therefore if it niently pay for a licence, it is to be fup- D be a hardship thac a beautiful young girl pofed, that they have taken time enough of 16 or 17, muft either have the con- to, confidcr what they are about, before fent of an indigent or mercenary father they apply for a licence; but as to the or be difappointed of a mod advantageous poor fervants and labourers amongft us, marriage, the hard/hip is not to be in* it is fit they mould be obliged to take troduced by this bill, becaufe by the law* fo much time, becaufe when left entirely now in being die muft either have the to themielvea, they are but too apt to father'* confent, or fhe could not pomfcl/ run into matrimony, before they have £ be married in a leeal way. And in the eenfldered how they are to fupport either fame manner it would be cafy to fliew, them fe Ires or the children they may pro- that every inconvenience which has been •ably have after marriage ; and the op- mentioned as the confequence of this porruniry they have of doing fo by means bill, mould it be patted into a law, is an of the marriage (hops at May fair and the inconvenience that is now eftabliraeoV fleet, is certainly the caufe of our having and has for many ages been eftablifced, to nuny rogues and beggars in and about by the laws both of our church and date ; this great city j for the profperity and p fo that we have not only the wifdom of happincfa of a country does not depend * our anccftors, but the experience of many upon having a great number of children ages, to convince us, that thefe incon- born, but upon having always a gieat veniences muft be fubmitted to, rathet number well brought up, and inured than to allow fuch a licentioufnefs with from their infancy to labour and induf- reflect to marriage as has been of late •*?• years introduced into this kingdom, and No publick mifchief can therefore en- too long furTercd, by marrying in a dan- fue ficm any thing to be eftablifhed by deftine and unlawful manner. There* this bill relating to the proclamation of G fore, all that the Hon. gentleman has banns, and I am furprifed, Sir, to hear faid upon this fubject, can fignify nothing any gentleman who thinks there is any againft our parling this bill into alaw| thing facred in the marriatje ceremony, for tho* at fxrik hearing it founded very or that fuJi an opinion ought to be pro- prettily, yet upon a dof« examination pagaud amongft the vulgar : I Uyt I am it appifrs to be wax et tr*:ert* mbtL t Wilt Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1753* Proceedings^/^ Political Club, &?<r. 507 Will any gentleman fay, Sir, that clan- proceedings, I believe, very few bills could tjeftine marriages, in the manner they are be patted in the fame feflion in which they now prac"tifed, ought to be fuffeied ? I were firft brought in, which would render think, I have not heaml any gentleman ©ur fcflions much longer than they are, fey fo in direct terms j and I was glad to and much longer than moft gentlemen hear the Hon. gentleman own, that this could bear to attend. Such a rule can . bill, if pafled into a law, will be effectual never therefore be eftabhflied, and there for putting a flop to the infamous prac-^ is lefs occafion for it with refpect to this tice, for fo far it muft be allowed to be a bill, than moft others, becau/e it was fo good bill. This alone is therefore a great often and fo well considered in the com - point gained j and as the Hon. gentle* mittee : Tho* the claufes relating to a re- man was likewife pleafed to own, that a gifter be new, yet the regulation itftbf regifter of marriages ought to be appoint- cannot be faid to be now, becaufe when ad, I (hall fhew, that unlefs you alter the the bill was firft brought to this houfe, laws now in being, no fuch legifter can there was in it a claufe appointing all pro- be appointed, but what would be attend- . clamations of banns to be regiflered, and ad in fome degree with every inconveni- » licences, we know, have always been re- ence faid to be attending this bill ; for giftered in the proper office where they unlefs you made all marriages void that are granted. Betides, we know, that in were not regiftered in thepropcr regifter, moft parifhet a regifter of marriages fo- y^ur regifter would fignify nothing. Would lemnized at their parim-church has always you truft a Fleet- parfon, or any fuch par- been kept, tho* in moft places not fo re«- fon as the parfon of May-fair, with keep- gularly, nor fo well preferved, as they ing a regifter ? No one can fuppofe you ought to have been, which is the reafon would. The keeping of a regifter could C °* tnc*r not being deemed fo authentick be trufted to none but the incumbents of as not to require fome further proof even of cur regular parifh churches or chapels, the marriages there entered ; but if this and they to regifter none but fuch as were bill partes, thofe regifters muft be fo re- folemnized by them (elves at that parifh gularly kept from henceforth, that I ant church, or that chapeL But dich incum- convinced, every court in England will bants neither could nor would folemnize deem them authentick, and look upon any marriage without a regular licence or them as a full proof of the marriage there proclamation of banns ; and if either of entered, unlefs a ftrong proof be brought the parties were under age, no regular li- of the entry's being Calfe or forged. This cence could be bad without the confent of Dwill of courfe put an end to ail difputes parents, guardians, or relations, nor about marriage, or the legitimacy or itle- eould the proclamation of banns proceed^ gitimacy of children j and it will be, I if a parent, or guardian, or the next re- hope, an effectual bar agairift polygamy j lation, came and forbad tfiem. Thus gen- for theie are no forms or rules prtferibed tlemen muft fee, that no bill can be con- by this bill, upon winch the validity of trived for appointing a regifter of marri- the marriage depends, but what the par- ages, but what would be in effeel the fame fon who folemnizes the marriage muft take with the hill now before us, and would g care to fee obferved j therefore it will be be attended with the fame inconveniences. in no man's power to neglect any^of them, 'except only as to the time for proclama- with a view to prevent his being profecu- •ion of banns ; and even in this refpefl ted and convi&ed of polygamy ;' and if there could be no very great difference, the puniftiment fhould hereafter appear for except at Chriftmas, Eafter, and not to be fufficiently fevere, we may cafi- Whitfuntide, the parties muft by the laws . ly by a fhort bill deprive fuch criminals of now in being wait three weeks, or at the benefit of clergy. ^ leaf* a fortnight before the proclamation __ This bill therefore, Sir, will anfiver aU «f banns can be finimed, as the incum- r the ends that are really prcpofed by it | bent, .unless he personally knows both for as to that of its being deugned to in- the parties, muft even now have fome troduce an 'ariftocratic&l government, the c)ays to inquire, before he begins publifh- (uggeftion is Co chimerical, that J cannot *ing the Banns, left he fhould be impofed think any gentleman ferious when he on, and drawn in to publim the banns of talks of it. The riches of the peerage ■carriage between two perfons who never can never enable them to eftublifti fuch a bad any fuch purpofe. • government. It was not the riches but As to the rule, Sir, which the tion.Q the military power of our antient barons gentleman was pleafed to lay down, that that made them fo formidable : 'I hey had *o bill ought to be patted, if it has received every one a great number of va(Tui» or te- sjey materia^ alteration in the committee, Bants by military tenure in their refpec- it ft were to be t&abUlhed as a ruis for our tive manors depending upon them : Thort MU VAuala Digitized by VjOOQIC '

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5o8 **e JEALOUS HUSBAND. Nor: VafTals and all their farmers, at well as hit big*eft fcholars ; then of the lefler ; the farmers of their lord, where all oMi- and at laft was thoroughly unhappy about ged to provide themfelvcs with arms, to a bluff Chubby ftced fellow of four years breed themf elves up to military discipline, old, whefe (hock hair and flat forehead and to follow the lord, whenever he call- had made me call him tsmreaa, my little ed, or in whatever caufe he embarked. bull. By this means every great baron wai able Determined to avoid all occaflons even. to bring a confiderable army of well arm- ^ of hU moft unreasonable uneaftneft, I re- ed, well difciplined foMiers into the field j tired to my chamber. I immured myfeif and this it was that made them Co for mi- for life, I mean for his life : Content to dablc to an ambitious, afpirtng monarch jive a man cafe to whom 1 was obliged, or favourite; but what ufe did they make and to keep my reputation untainted, at of this military power ? Never to opprefs, the expence of an utter exile for thole but to preferve or reflore the liberties of years from the World, the people j as every gentleman mult grant, Alas ! Nothing does i When jealoefy who ha* read with attention our hiftory has taken poffeflion of an huiband's head, from the conqueft to the reign of Hen- ** it is fixed for ever. If the lover cafcnot ry VII. therefore we have -much more fcale the walls, fears will always ftorm reafon to be afraid of our liberties being his imaeination. For the firft four months brought into danger by the poverty, ra- he would run in upon me twenty times a> ther than by the riches of the peerage ; day, look me full in the face, and then for mould they even get the old law of fearch the clofets, table-drawera, and intails reftored, it could not enable them, band- boxes t It was In vain that he found if they would, to opprefs the liberties of nothing to warrant his cneafinefs. De- the people, as the whole military power Q termined to be fo, he would not be let at of the fociety is now lodged in the crewn reft : When there was no better reafca and the two houfes of parliament, and forfufpecting me, he contented his jealoufy there it muft remain unlefs the commons with the affurance, that no woman could tfhould confent to the re- establishment of be heneft in my circumftances. How na* military tenures, which, 1 am fure, they rurally does the weaknefs of others create never vrill. fufpicions of our conftancy ! But I did For thefe reafons, Sir, I am fully con- not intend to moralize : I will tell you vinced, that this bill will anfwer every the plain (lory. good end, th-t it can anfwer no bad end, " Iwas alone in my chamber, cutting feme fior introduce any new inconvenience, food for a pretty robin that perched daily and that it is the only method by which at my window, and repaid the entertain* we can put an end to the prefent infamous ment with a fong. Hark, fays I, deary, abufe of the facrcd ce: emony of marriage 5 as he entered, hark, to the little creature, therefore 1 ftull molt heartily give my fuf- (l»e was waibling out his thanks at that frage for its bcin^ pa&:d into a law. moment) he vifits me every day ; and I fn* Joo.nal /. b, omkmi in «r „«,.] „ f m F™*™* *" •>«»*»«'• My h«f- • J J £ hand ftarted j he tuined pale j he flew to 8HoKSSHSi'ii'& >J®! &3^3&&&& lhe w»ndow »n an outragious anger, and happy for my vifitor he had wings, with- Frm tbe INSPECTOR, Nov. 9. out a figure : My good man eyed him as a- i itiTUAD ^C wcnt °^» sncJ muttering twenty imper- Y# tbe A u 1 HUK. feft cxccrationSt a\At6 ! faid he j yes, a HAVE the misfortune, Sir, to be pre;ty vifitor indeed 1 Throw me the food married : That I fuppofe would enti- into the fire : And do you hear, Madam, tie me to your companion : But I have a change your apartment ; if ever I hear greater claim to it. I am very young, F that robin again about you, I /hall ling end my hufband an eld man : I expected you a tune you little think of. I trem- he would be jealous j and I was refolved bled, for I feared the man was going out to conquer it, by a moft cautious conduct. of his wits : My fear was conftruod as a Alas, I was a fool ! I mould have remem- confeflion of my guilt. I was obliged, bered that jealoufy dstb make tbe ft*d it tho' trembling more, to tell him the oc^ Jceds en j and that to be unworthy of a « cation of it. wife, and to be fufpicious of her, are one \. ,. . , . , thing. Thus far, indeed, I (hare the fate Q ty fuIJ< ™ S°*r'(*h, ttm£r"*b *«P "«a of thcufands; but my Aory has in it sbd meha at bcahbful muftk. Something fingular. Thus he began, and fitting down coolv This hufband, I am to tell you, it a by me, told me we would reafon the mat- fchoolmaftcr. When I had difmifled all ter fairly together. Jupiter, Madam, any real acquaintance, be grew jealous pf fays he, (I will mew you lhe account of Digitized by UOOQ IC I

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ijSi: ^ Rim auk able old RECORD. 509 it, here reach me the Pantheon) Jupiter My brother for this reafon muftnot com* transformed MmfeJf into a fwan to de- to fee me. He wilt have no inceft under his bauch Leda 1 And one bird may ferve roof: Be fide, he loves rpe too well, bad at fuch a wicked purpofe as well as another. I may be, to let me become a breeder of It was in vain I argued ; every thing I monfters. The French perfon who re- faid was turned to his purpofe. He told tided lately near St. Paul's, he infifjs me he had at firft fufpefced it was only an on it was the ifibe of fuch a mixture 5 attempt ; but by my warmth in the mat- ^ and he expects no better conftquencet ter he was afraid it had gone farther. He from crimes that are againft nature. left me in a full en ill humour, and order- I ihould tire you to tell all, and ap- ed one of the biggeft boys to keep a gun pear perhaps romantick in the relation, always charged, and (hoot every flying In fhort, every kind of fatisfaclion ia thing that came near the window. The forbidden me, and aimoft food and drink, poor robin periled the next morning } i&galea was made with child by the and it has been as fatal to any thing wing- found of Triton's trumpet j it is a fiif- ' ed ever fince, to come over our garden, ficient reafon why I mui* hear no muficka as over a certain lake I have heard him o aod if I go too near the fire, I am told fpeak of, but I cannot recoiled the name that this fame terrible Jupiter was the ©f it. s deftrudHon of ^Sgina in the fhape of a From this time, Sir, I have been ex- flame. Bread may be dangerous, for pofed to a fpecies of jealeufy that I be- Jafon under" the figure of an ear of corn sieve never troubled any heart before : My corrupted Seria , and wine mull not be hufband is very much advanced in life ; allowed, for it was called Barchus, and lie has taught fchool thefe fifty years, and there was not a greater rake than him in he has read thefe ftories till he believes Q all the heavens. them. Everyday now furnilhesfome new, Now, Sir, what think you of my fl- caufe of fufpicion ; and unlefs I knew all taation; what advice would you give ins books by heart, it is impoflible 1 mould me ? The women of my acquaintance fay avoid the mifery. nothing is too bad for him 5 and that if The boys next day brought him a croW; they muft be fufpecled, it mould not be they had killed ; he turned up his eyes for ants and robin red-breafts. But, Sir* devoutly, and gave thanks to heaven, I pity him. If you can cure him, you'll It wis the very bird in whofe (hapc the _ make an honeft woman happy ; if not* lame god ravifhed his own Juno, before *** his follies are no authority for crimes in they married one another. The town- me ; nor do they deferve fo fevcre a pis* bull muft not be fuffercd to come under nifhment. my window, for Euro pa was deluded in I am, that form, and he would not have me Your humble fervent, carried over fea, as naughty as 1 am, for E. RECLUSE. all the world : Nay, he thinks there was _ . A . _ ^ m . tome mifchief more than he at firft fuf- *• *** A U T H O R cf the L O N D O M peeled in the little (hock-pated fellow IE ~ . MAGAZINE, called my taur/au. * * &* When I receive money for the affairs of *TnHE following record, which I have the houfe, tho* it be from Ms own hand, 1 tranflated for the benefit of the Bngi it mud come all in filver. Dar.ae was de- lift* reader, will fliew the ridiculous powered by a mower of gold $ and heaven fojly and fuperftitious credulity of the forbid he mould be the inftrument of his prince and parliament from whom it re- cwn flume ! He fufpecTed the phyfiogno- ceived its authority. It is a patent granted my of a goat, which is kept by a neigh- ~ by king Henry VI. in the 34th year of his boar of ours, becaufe Antiope was ruin- *' reign, and by authority of parliament cd by a fatyr ; and yeilerday, no longer inrolled among our records, which made fincc, he fw eat with rage and fear from it of equal force with an a& of parliament} head to feet, becaufe there was an ant as follows 1 upon my apron : It was the animal in '* To all to whom theft prefents IhaH •whofe form Jupiter undid poor Clytoris, come, greeting. Be it known to you, and this was the fame deity in the fame that whereas the learned and moftfamcus «fifguife, he'd flake his foul upon it. philosophers of antiquity have in their Thrice his jeatoufy prompted him to tread G books and writings recorded, and under it to pieces, but reverence got the better figures and metaphors taught, that many even of the feelings of the bufband ; and notable and glorious medicines may be |se at laft opened the window and turned extracted from wine and precious rtones, loofe the ravifher. from oils, from animals, from metals4, Mercury had a fon by his own fitter and from rqincul compofiuons 5 and •- ^Tcnus, tfcrmophreditus wa* the pcrfpa f fpecully Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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£ jio Vatzxt fcr the Philosophers Stone. Nor: a^ecially a certain moft precious medicine,* any way difturbed, difquieted or damnified which fome philosophers have called the in their or any of their perfons or goods, mother and emprefs of medicines, others either whilft they are upon the fearch Lave named it the inestimable glory, and difcovery, or after the fuccefs of vtbers indeed have given it the name of their diligence and labour, upon ae- tbe 61th eftence, the philofophers (lone, count of the ufc they may make of thofe and the philofophers elixir $ the virtue medicines* of which medicine appears to be f o cf- ^ We therefore, confiding in the fidelity-, ficacious and wonderful, that by it all circumfpe&ion, profound learning, and curable difcafcs may be eafily cured, the benevolence of thofe eminent men John life of man may be extended to its natural Fanceby, John Kirkeby, and John Rany, eiiod, and to that period mankind may who are moft deeply learned in all parts >c wonderfully preferved in their health of natural philofophy, have fele&ed, sp- an* natural fttengtb, not only of body pointed, and licenced all and every one but of mind, in the vigour of their limbs, of them, and by virtue oi our royal pre- the diftiu&nef* of their memory, and the rogative, authority and certain know- Iprigrulincfs of their fancy 5 hkewife all B ledge, do by thefe prefents give and grant curable wounds may without difficulty to them, and each of them, full power* fee cured by it j and moreover it would authority, liberty, warrant, and fpeaal fee the chief and be ft antidote againft all licence, jointly and feverally to fearch kinds of poifens : Many other ad vantages for, inveftigate, perfect, and make a might alio be drawn from it, which would compleat difcovery not only of all and fee of the greateft ufe to u* and to the Angular the aforefaid medicines, accord- cemmoa-weal of our kingdom j fuch as ing to their knowledge and difcretioa, the tranfmutation of metals into the pu- q and according to the writings and direc- reft gold and fineft filver. Therefore, we tions of the learned ancients, but alio fcave with deep thought often revolved to make and praclife tranfmutations of in our mind, how delightful and even metals into pure gold and fine filver, the vftful it would be to us and the common aforefaid ftatute,orany other penal flatots weal of our kingdom, if thefe precious made and provided againft the mulripli- fnedicines could, by the favour of divine cation of gold and filver, to the contrary providence, and the labours of learned notwithstanding. snen be procured j and alfo that for many Moreover, the faid John, John, ani years paft to this very day, it has been D John, and alfo all the fervants they (hall panted to few or none, to arrive at the employ in or upon account of the fad fecret of making thefe glorious medicines; practice, and every one of them, we by either becaufe ol the many incidental ajid thefe prefents conftitute and take inte arduous difficulties with which the com- our fafeguard, tuition, and fpecial pro- pctitvonoi' them is furrcunded, or becaufe teclion j hereby commanding all and fin- many ingenious men well vcrfed in the gular our judges, juftices, flieiiflfs, mayors, Jsnowledge of nature, and very much bailiff*, officers, fervants, true liegemen, Inclined toward fearching for and dif- £ and fuhjecls whatfbever, that neither covet ingthofe medicines.have been hither- they nor any of them mall, under pre- to frightened, diverted, and reftrained tence of the faid ftatute, or under any from the fearch and difcovery of fuch other colour whatfoever, impofe or lay, important fecrets, by the danger of in- or allow to be impofed or laid, any cuiring the penalties of a ftatute made grievance, impediment, or disturbance cf and piovided in the time of our grand- a father Henry againft the multipliers of 1 gold and filver *. « ] For this tea Ton it feems to us to be * 1 £t and expedient, to find out, chute, 1 and appoint fome ingenious men, fuf- 1 ficicntly endued with all natural know- < ^dge, who ate willing and well difpofed < towaids the fearching for and difcovering I of the faitl medicines, who 1 car God, love the truth, and hate all deceitful opera- tions and fallacious metallic counterfeits ; Q • and to provide fully, by virtue of our authoiliy and royai prerogative, for their .fccurity, indemnity, and quiet, that rwi- tfetr they, nor any one of them, may be < 5 fimry IV. eb. 4. rtfu&d Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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Question in NAVIGATION fotoed. 51* 1753 And farther we publith and declare it to be our royal intention, that thcfc our letters patent (hall be valid and fufncient to all and every one of them, and alfo to their fervants, for fecuring, quieting, and indemnifying'them againft all vex- ations and moleftations which can any another patent of the fame kind to fe* veral other pcrfons, and had fo mucb faith, that he therein told hit people, that by means of thefe medicines he would be able in a few years to pay all his debts in fterling gold and filver; as any one may fee who will look into our records, way be brought upon them, under any ^ and thofe who have not an opportunity + . «. _ r __„ A.^... — 1- -«j to do f0f may lee it in Dr. Tovey's AmgUm Judaira, p. 253, kz. Therefore we can- not be furprifed, that credit was given to all the ridiculous ftories about frm mafinry, by a prince *, and in an age. when fuch entire credit was given to every thing that had been faid or written abo* the fbiUfoftxTtJlim. £ort of pretence of any ftatute made and provided againft the multipliers of gold and filver. In teftimony whereof, Sec, "Witneff the king, at Weftminfter, May 31. By the king himfelf, and with the authority of parliament.** This patent was fo far from being •btained by furprize, that the very next year he, by the fame authority, granted iSonTUN t§ Mr. L I QJJ I E R*s S^utflion m Navigation. Su Mag. fit Sept. Ufi, p. 415. LET A reprefent the fitua- tion of the firft (hip's fta- tion j B that of the fecond ; and C that of the third j Then, af- ter failing, there will be given .AD =50 miles, the diftance run by the firft (hip when (he met the fecond: DB=27m. the diftance run by the fecond 4iip at their meeting: BC=28m.^ the departure of the third (hip from the fecond at their fetting fail: As alfo the angle BCEe the third (hip's courfe, to find the quafita as per queftion. The difference of lat. BE of the third (hip, and the departure BC will be equal, and will form the right angle ifofceJes triangle E B C , whofe fide, by common trigo- nometry, will be found to be 39. 5979 = the diftance run by the third (hip. — Then fuppofe the Ahaham Stomi, Land-Surveyor* B G 450, thepofitioncf 5> 1753' %n tht Rtpjier of the Royal Academy of In- jcriptiont and Belles Lettrts, lately publijbed, we find the following Difcottrfe on the Ety- mology of the Nam* of ibt Da v ids. THE name of the Druids has, by the ancients, been derived from* the became fynonymus with quercus, in La- tin j thus it is by accident that the Cel- tick word deour refembles the Greek £;£;* The Druids attributed tranfeendent vir* tues to mifletoe, and offered Sacrifices On* ly in forefts of oak : So that at firft we might feem to conclude, that the name Greek a;v,-, an oak, and doubtlefs it was p of the tree is the radix of that of the this etymology which led Diodorus to give iliem the name of Saronides, from 2ct{ev, a fynonymous term with A^uc. In the different dialecls of the Celtick Ian- gvagf, the words dar, derou, derouen, tbur, darakk, dai*ough, *c. fignify an doubtlefs on account of the hard- Druids 5 Pliny, and feveral other writers, have been of this opinion. M. Feret, however, is of different fen- timents, and gives another etymology, which he founds on the following re a Tons, Britain was, as it were, the centre of the religion of the Druids j fo that, accord- mpf* of its wood, front deour, fortis, ro- ^ ing to Caefar, thofe defirous of acquiring Wftus. Robur, from a fimilar reafon, ** a profound knowledge of it travelled thi- • jfiwr/ VI, it iifsid* 1* b:mfttfdu#id * <rte njafea* tfwr Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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gii Origin of the Name of tbt DRUIDS, &c. SMt thcr to compleat their ft u dies. Whence it follow*, that the true etymology and pronunciation of the name of the Druids is to be fought for in the Britifh and Iriih. The Britifh poetry of the fifth and fixth Centuries, that is, at a time when that religion was not totally obliterated, men- tion* ihefe pricfts, who arc there called A Derouyddn, in the plural number, and A ttorouydd in the Angular $ and upon this fnanner of writing the name, M. Feret is Of opinion, is to be founded the etymo- k>gy, which will difcover its true fignifi- cation. He apprehends the word dorouydd to be compounded of the two Celtick words, de, or di, God, and rhouydd, or rhaidd, the participle of the Irifh verb 3 rhaidhim, or ihouidhim, to fpeak, fay, converfe. According to this etymology, the name of Druid is of the fame fignm- cation with the Greek 6>*o\o/'>. Monf. Feret, after obferving that Dio- dorus of Sicily gives the name BtoXoyci to the Druids, adds, that the word de, or di, is of great antiquity in the Celtick Ian- guage. The Celti, as Cjefar obferves, <■» being extremely devout, had very early a word to denote the fapreme being. De, or di, is a primitive word, and fynony- mous with da, whisk impliee bounty, beneficence,- good, well ; the latter of which acceptations Aill remains in' the Trench word oui-da j for which fome writers ufe oui- bicn, which flgnifies, yes, J} truly. It is not at all furprizing, that the idea of beneficence mould have been con- fulted in the formation of the name of the deity. Godt, God, in the German language, is derived from the fame root with gut, good. The Druids had alone the privilege of fpeakirtg of the gods. Sole minifters of „ the facrifices ; fole interpreters of heiven : & They were the only perfons fuppofed tov understand the divine nature j and thefe auguft prerogatives, it muft be owned, juftify Monf. Feret's conjecture on tht origin of their name. Chriftiany has rendered the name Druid as odious as before it bad been venerable j k being now, both in the Britifh and lritfi F language, applied! only to forcerers and magicians. So early as the time of the Anglo-Saxons it was ufed in this oppro- brious fen re. Monf. Feret diftinguiftie* the Druids in- to three claifcs, adding, that the fecond Were the bards, or poets, who com po fed the hymns and fongs in honour of the p gods and heroes. The word bards, of Celtick origin, he obferves, is . still in ufe in the Britifh and Irifh languages, as the funOion exprefltd by it alfe is in thofe countries. The name of bards it given to thofe whom our anceflbo&s Trouveres or Troubadours, a kind* .etical tnuficians, who vifit the el the nobility and gentry, tinging the t of great men, dead or living, their' being accompanied with an h,arjfc September theatre, WE have here prefented . .^ with a beautiful P*a**EcV the city of OXFORD; but ' * formerly given a very large and j description of this famous city am verfity, it will be fufflcient ro refer to thofe paflages where this defc to be found. They are all contained in our zine for 1747. In that for Septet.. that year, p. 4ig, 419, 4*0, it a cular account of its fituation, dimeu markets, flreets, diurchcs and othe* lick buildings belonging to the that for October of the fame ~ 442, 443, may be feen a d the Bodleian library, the .^_ RadcliflTs library, and the other ,„ edifices belonging to the unhrerflty, the famous phyfick garden, ftc, A .., December of that year, p. 565, cteyi our readers will fee a very diftinet SUM of the feveral colleges and haHs, w4 names of their founders and the of their foundations. Befitfes theft. cular defcriptions, there is a gen count of this city in our Ma January, 1749, where there is _„ correct Map, and a defcription whole county of Oxford. Epplanation •/ the V1%^L 1 The road to Abington.— % St. TTfcai mas's church.— 3 Friar Bacon's 4Mfe«* ... ... - .. _j^ 4 The caftle.— 5 The caflle hiX _ „ river lfis — 7 St. Peter's chun*h**~$Bfc Tole's church.— 9 Great Tom*s 1 10 Chrift church hall — it CarfaXC or, St.MartinV — ia Chrift church 4 dral. — 13 Chrilt-church willow Wi 14 Chrifi-church meadows.— .15 church library.— 16 All Saints el 17 Corpus-Chrifti college.— 1% college — 19 St. Mary's church a*'.]C4A cliff1* library.— » 1 The publkk / aaAH foulscollege. — i3Newcc Queen's college. — 15 St. Peter*! the eaft.— 26 The phyfick gs Magdalen college.— a8 Magdafen-4 new building.— 29 St,Ckmentf»t — 30 Magdalen college water1 31 The Londpn road. — 3a road to London. —43 The f this drawing was taken is \ and the Henley road. Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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i^53* LeUer/nwbr.STjBBiNO^Or.SHtJCKtoftii. 513 K ^ , r n 0 Should the fon now offend herein : I will S / #, a queftion about the fon. I give him up IH your difcourfe on the creation and fall for a fool to receive the fruits of his trifling of man lately published, I finjl a paf- impertinence. But I muft enquire con- fage quoted from my Boyle s lcclurc, which ccrning the father j what may pofterity, you have greatly miftaken, and in which confideriog fucb a ruin of a whole family 1 beg leave to fet you right. A unto all generations* think of him who 1 had introduced an objection of unbe- made fo trifling an injunction fo peremp- lievcrs againft the credibility of the fcrip- tory and fo penal/*— You immediately ture hiftory, via. That God (hould lay fo fubjoin :— " It will not be admitted that fevere a penalty upon to infgnificant a we write worthily of God, if We fuppofe thing as eating the fruit of a forbidden him to have given Adam a commandment tree; and my anfwer is, that infignifcant of no real moment, only to make bis as the thing may feem as to the matter of neglect of it, if he mould happen to neg- it \ yet as God had laid the whole weight R ject it, most terribly dertruftlve. God of his authority upon their not eating ; our " is not man, that he mould lay the ft re fs ilrft parehts, in tranfgrefling the com- of his authority, in ca*rici, upon a mand, were guilty of the bigbeft offence* matter of no moment, ftc/' Creation And to illuflrate this I give the following and Fa/1, p. joi, &c example. Your meaning is plain. You think

Amply a neglect, but) a contempt of the pa- and as a tji of the fon's obedience. And rent's authority, it will defcrve the higheft you think that I have given the fame refentment. What the fon thinks to be a image of God in the command given to trivial thing, and in common eftimation Adam, But if your panic had not taken, partes as fuch, he may pre fume the father off ^ your attention to the rcafoning bf will think fo too, without warning to the which my example is introduced, for contrary j but if the father fliould fay, -. eight or nine pages backward, you would fon, I expect your obedience in this poir.t, orl** have feen that, far from fuppofing that will treat you as a rebel, and the fon mould God gave the command to Adam in prefamptuouflj offend, would you think caprice^ and only to make his negleft moft it excufable ?'* BqyWs Left. p. 44. terribly dcfiruSive (as you, mockingly This example you report, and tell me enough, reprefent my meaning) 1 fet euc that — it is unaccountable ratiocination j that upon the very contrary principle, and lay ~itjhceks you exceedingly ; and adds to the it down as the foundation upon which t Jfumo/ing-block injlead oj remwing it. You build that Cod in his wisdom saw it do not, indeed, mention my name, nor £ fit to bring the virtues of ottr firfl parer.tt the book from whence you took the argu- to tU tryal. That this command was a ment which gives you fo much offence* tryal of the obedience of our nVft parents This has fome mew of tendernefs 5 whe- is incontcftable. But I do nor fay that therof me or of yourfdf, you beft know, God tried them merely for trying fake, or and it is not worth my while to think of. (as your expreffion is, p. 10.5.) *' purely But though hundreds that read your bcok for the fake of, and to lay a ftrefs upon, ihould not know whom you point at, I do \ bis own authority ;'* but I fay that he tri- svnd here 1 am j ready to accept your chal- _ ed them in wijaom, that is for teife rtafins lenge. * moving him(o to do. Th\% fuppofed, I go Thus then you proceed. (t It is obvi- dn to fhew (from p. 35, to p. 40.) that ems that the unbeliever will readily reply, as matters then (toed, it is fcarce poffibl* Should a man htdidtbemtft magnificent habitation to be conceived, how the virtues of our in the world, and add to it in eftate every de~ firft parents could have been brought to Jsrable poffejpon^ but in fome one room in bit the. tryal, otberwife than ,by fome fach boufeionld fet up a piece or wood tsntb command as the hiftory fcts forth. Is this ftritl prohibition to his fon : At a MASK of this wming of God as if he a&ed in <-««• wty authority j as a t*%t of your oxx-G frict f But thus, you fee, I berin 5 with plKNCt to me jfittr father, I command that this I fet out ; and any man Of commejh this one piece of wood be never touched by you: fenfe will underfttnd, that a fuppofttion, For I have made it my will, that if ever you laid down as the foundation of an argv* t it, an abfojute difoerifon fballtake place ment muft adhere to it in its whole tOUfT* ' agoing you, and your pofterity for over, and progrefs, November, 2753. Tit But Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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514 Letter yivarDn St ebsiho /*Dr.SHucK*oRi>. Nov. But how then, will my example frit th* remaining to be confidered was, tho^v/fc* cafe ? Does not the example fuppofe the of God in laying the penalty, which is the father to act capridoufly and arbitrarily t JingU point in which the comparison it So you reprefent; and it Rands entered in concerned. (See Boyle % Lccl. p. 42.)- I* y ov k example, that the father forbad tho is difficult, and may. be impoffible, to give fon to touch the piece of wood as a mark an faftance in common life where a fa- ©f his authority 5 at * uft of the fon*e ther's layiag fo much ftrefs upon a trivial obedience, i. e. (for lb you mull be un- a matter will fland with icifdvm \ and there- derftood) mr^ at a mark, and auroras a fore I did not pretend to give any. If teft j capricioujly, and only to make hit you can find fucb an infcance, take it and neglect moft terribly dtftruftive. But no- make your bell of it. But as the preient tiling like this is fo much as hinted at in inftance of a man's for biding bis fon to my example 5 as your readers would have touch a piece of tend is not offered as fucb» feen if you had transcribed the paflage as but intended to place the father in a rtdi- you found it. But you have corrupted the culous light, it is nothing to the purpofe. paflage, and in fo doing have confounded ' Some readers, perhaps, may fmile to the fenfe, which it is very plain you did B fee two grave divines fighting (as they w2J not- under (land. The words, as they fay) about a piece of wood. And truly, if ' Hand in my lecture, are thefe 1 «afont j and juftey fuppofed it may *• «*» AUTHOR of the L ONDOTt be, though we cannot toe thole reafonay MAGAZINE. For who will pretend to meafure the in- $*I Ry finite wifdom of God, and fay there could Mr. Tovejr in his Anglia Judaic*, having be no wife reafons why he lhould give fuch given si an Aa of Parliament paghd » J*\ ■. a command ? This^jfcr fecures the point Reign oftUmj 111, figntf tht Jw^i ajainft unbelievers j and the only thinj <4f%* Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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*753- sfo of Henry m.afain/f the Jews holding Lands. 515 tb^faz or holding any Land Efittts, which b€ fti' ****' $\ thi, fhaI1 makc rents and profits of the faid cft.Jte ac- tenements, fees, rents, and other tenure** cording to its true value by a reafonable -And that no prejudice may hereafter hap- JuTefTmcnt j faving however to fuch Chrif- pen to us, to the commonweal of our tians their fubfiftancej and fo as that Jew kingdom, or to the kingdom itfe/f, we by may from thence receive the money or the advice of our bifhops, nobles, and confideration by the hands of fomc Chiif- great men who are of our council, have tian and not of any Jew, as faid is. provided, ordained, and enacted, for us And if a Jew mould hereafter happen And our heirs, tliat no Jew (hall from to receive from any Chriftian a feoffment henceforth have a freehold in any manors, C of any fee or tenement, contrary to this lends, tenements, fees, rents, or tenures prefent aft, the faid Jew (hall abfolutely whatsoever, either by charter, gift, feoff- forfeit the faid tenement or fee, and the* ment, confirmation, or other grant, or fame (hall be taken into, and fafely kept by any other means whatever. in our hands; and the Chriftians or their Provided nevetthelefs, that they may heirs may recover the faid lands or tcne-i hereafter hold, as in times paft they were ments out of our hands j but upon conl accuftomed to hold, thofe houfes in our' dition that they pay to us the whole. cities, boroughs and towns, which they J) money which theyTeceived from the faid tbatnfelves inhabit ; and likewife that Jews for fuch a feoffment. Or if they, they may let thofe houfes to leafe, which have not furficient wherewithal to do, ebey now hold for that purpofe, to Jews this, they (hall then pay yearly to us and •nly, but not to Chriftians. our heirs at our Exchequer, the true Yet neverthelefs it is here provided, yearly value of thofe tenements or (ees, that it (hould not be lawful for our Jews according to a juft and reafonable afleflT- of JLondon to purchafe, or by any other ment, until we have had ful] fatisfac- irwthod to acquire, more houfes than „ tion of the faid money or confideration. they now have in our faid city of Lon- tt Then with regard to the nurfes of 4on $ by which the parochial churches Jewifti children, and the bakers, brewers, of the (aid city, or their incumbents, and cooks of the Jews, as they and the may incur a lofs. However, it (hall be Chriftians are quite different in tlieir faith lawful for the (aid Jews of London at *nd worfhip, we provide and cnac>, that their pleafure to repair their houfes, and no Chriftion man or woman (hall prc- evesi to rebuild, and reftore to their for- fume to (erve them in any of thefe ca- , rn*r condition, (uch of their old houfes parities. a* Have fallen down or been demolished. P And becaufe the Jews have long fine* ■ We likewife by an4 with the advice of been accuftomed to receive, by the hands tur ikid council provide and enad, that of Chriftians, certain rents fomething nricl* refpee> to the faid houfes fo to be like fee -farm-rents, out of the lands and ntuaBited, or let to leafe as aforefaid, no tenement* of Chriftians, which likewife fe^ar fliall fue or be fued by our original have been called fees, we will and or. nrrwt* out of chancery, but before our dain, that the ftatutu relating to them vjffcicea appointed for taking care of the heretofore by us made, (hall remain in . [cwra^andby the writs of Judaifm hitherto q foil force, nor (hall any way be dero- t/c€t and accuftomed. gated from by tl'u prefent art ; therefore it with refpeft to thofe lands and re- we command and ftriHIy charge you, a in which the Jews were before this that you caufe the faid provifiow, ordi- ^>aa»€eoffed, and which they now hold, our nance, or ftatute, to be puhlickly pro* vill is, that fech infoorTments and grants chimed, and duly obferved and obeyed, : fcadtt Mm abfolutely anaujitd $ amftfut tte throw shmit your whole bailiwick. T 1 1 % 19 Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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5 1 6 AZpJ Ed w a rdI. in relation to the J E W S. Nov.* In teftimopy whereof we have caufed moity of his lands tnd chatells, and tba to be iflucd thefe our letters patent. chief boufe for his fuftinance as is before Witnefs myfclf at Weftminfter, 24th exprefled. flay of July, and of our reign the 54th And if any thing ftolen be found in year. the pofleulon of a Jew, let him hare hit Althd* this acl be now loft from the fummons, if he regularly may have it : rolls, yet it is evident that it was fup- If not, he (hall anfwer in fuch a manner pofed to be in force, in the third year of a as a Chriftian would be obliged to, wit!*- Zdward I. when the famous ftatute dt out claiming any privilege. Judaifmo was pafled, of which, as lord Likewife all Jews (hall be refident in Coke lias not in the fecond part of his fuch cities, and burroughs, as are the Inftitutes given the whole, either in French Icing's own j where the common cbeft or English, we (hall give a copy at length of their indentures, is wont to bo kept, in Englifli as follows. And every one of them, that is pafl ffeven Whereas the king has obferved that, years of age, mall wear a badge, in form in times part, many honed men have loft of two tables, of yellow taffety, fix fin- their inheritances, by the ufury of the B gers long, and three fingers broad, upon Jews ; and that many fins have from his upper garment 5 and every one that thence arifen ; altho* Judaifm is and has is paft twelve years, ihail aifo pay an- been very piotiV.h!t * > him and his an- nually, to the king at Eafter, the tumm ceftors, yet neverthci.t. U* .v^ains, and of three pence both men and women. eftabhfhes, for the honcoi of Hull live guarded and defended, by bis the king piomifes neither to give him af- iherirTs, bailiffs, and other Icige people. flftance by hirr.fclf, or officers, in recover- And that none fliall do them barm, ei- ing his debts, tut on the contrary, will ther in their perfons, or goods, move- punifti him for hi* trtfyafs, and aflift the able or immoveable, or fue, implead, or Chriftians againft him, in the recovery of challenge them in any courts but the their pledges. king's courts, whergfoever they are. And it is further enicled, that no dif- And that none of them fliall be obe- trefs for any Jews debt, mall hereafter £ ditnt, refpond^nt, or pay any rent, te be fo grievous, as not to leave Chriftians any but the king, or bis bailiffs, in his the moiety of their lands and chatcUs, name, excepting for their houfes which for fubiiftance. And that no diftitf* they now hold, rend ring rent ; faveiag, ihal! be made by any fuch Jew, upon the likewife the rights of the holy church, heir of his debtor named in the bond, or And the king *Hb granta,' that they any other perfon in pofleflfon of the may practice merchandise, or live by debtoi'i lands, before fuch debt mail be their labour, and for thofe purposes, proved in court. And if the Iheriff, pr f 1 eeiy converfe with Chriftians. Except* other bailiff, is commanded by the king, r inc; that upon any pretence whatever, to give feifin, or nofleflion to any Jew, tlrcy mall not ^>c levant, or couchaet, of lands or chatells, to the value of his amongft them : Npr on account of theif, debt, the chatells mail firft be appraifed merchandjfc, be in foots, lots, or taftiage, by the oath of heneft men, and delivered wjth the other inhabitants of thofe cities, fo the Jew or Jewefs, to the value of the or burroughs, where they remain : See- debt. And if the chatells be not found ing they are talliablp to toe king at his Sufficient to anfwer it, then the lands own vaflals, and not otherwiie. mall be extended, by the fame oath, ac~ q Moreover the king grants t.hem free cording to their feparate values, before liberty to purchafe houfes, and carti- feifin is given of them to the Jew or lages, in the cities and burroughs 1 Jewefs i to the intent, that when the they icfide : Provided they are held in «lebt is certainly known to be difcharged, chitf of the king. Savetng to the lords 1 anx( tecuftomed fervict Digitized by VjOOQ IC ♦he Chriftian may have his lands again. their due and eccuftomed fervicft* aing to the Chriftian, nevertheiefa* the ^aj

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1753* A p at oo y for P OSTS. 517 And further the king grants, that inanimate being, vulgarly called a f$p fuch at are unfkilful in merchandife, and which everybody knows is held in the can't labour, may take lands to farm, loweft eon tempt, yet whofe fervices to for any term not exceeding tenn years i mankind entitle it to a very high degree Provided no homage, fealty, or any fuch of regard and veneration, kind of fervice, or advowfon to holy " As ftupid as a pod," is a phrafe per* church, be belonging to them. Pro- petually made ufe of. If we want to vided alfo that this power to farm lands, a characterize a fool, or a man abfbluteljr /hall continue in force for five teen years, without an idea, the expreflion is, " As from the makeing of this a&, and no ftupid as a port." " As dull as a bee- longer, tie,** is a term I have no diflike to 5 nor Now as this ftatute of Edward's is fo have I any great objection to <( As grave very careful that the Jews mail poflefs no as a judge,** which I have considered as a lands in this kingdom, that it prohibits fynonymous phrafe ever fmce I faw aa their taking a leafe of lands to farm for old gentleman in company extremely art- above ten years, and retrains even their gry at being told he looked grave 5 when purchafing of houfes in cities and boroughs, B it was obferved by a third perfon, that and yet does not prohibit them to pur- train in the dictionary was vide dulL chafe lands or tenements in fee, we But tho* it is admitted, that the idea of mull fuppofe, that the aforefaid a& of dullnefs may be iUu ft rated by a beetle, Henry 111. was then in force, and that and the idea of gravity by a judge, I po- therefore there was no occafion for pro- fitively deny that ftupidity and a port have hibiting them by this new act to make any fimilitude whatsoever, any fuch purchafe. Therefore it is pro- It is well known, that the ancients bable that this act of Henry III. was Q and more efpecially the Egyptians, the ftolen from the rolls by the Jews or fome wifeft nation of them all, paid the grtat- of their agents, before lord Coke's time, eft degree of veneration to feveral inanl- pr that it was fo miflaid, that neither he mate things. Almoft all vegetables were nor any one fince could ever find it j considered as gods, and confequently wor- and if there was any ftatute in the 18th (hipped as fuch. Leeks and onions were of Edward I. for baniftung all the Jews particularly efteemed j and there was out of England, it has met with the fame nardly a garden to be feen that was not fate; but perhaps no ftatute was then over- run with deities. Now I own that thought neceflary for that purpofc, be- V 1 have no fuch fuperftitious regard for a caufe they were looked on as the king's port as to recommend its deification j nor cattle, and that therefore he might ba- am I for making it minifter of ft ate, as nifh them by proclamation, and by his Caligula did his horfe 5 I only think, that own authority hang up any that dared when it is undefervedly branded into a to difobey : And indeed, from the writs proverb of contempt, common juftice re- that were upon that occafion iflued to quires its vindication. the (he riffs, &c. for protecting them in In former ages how much ports were their paflage, it would feem, that they £ efteemed appears from what Juvenal fays were banifhed by proclamation only, in of them 1 purfoance, tho% of a covenant with the Orntntur poftes, et rranii jama laun : federation for fodomg. with laurel. Virgil likewife, in defcrib. EWORLD Nov 8 !l* thc dcftn,*ion of Tror» {»Y** t*»t • ^WORLDj NoV' *# the women in the height of defpair, To Mr. Fitz-Adam. Ampltxsefue tenent poftes, atque ofculu.fyunt | $ J R, F without doubt to take an affeclionate IT»MER? is hardly a greater inftanct JeaTCuof t£'m' Andr°ld ^J*' r"0".* i of ill-nature, or a more certain to- »* *hat **** * cre in ^e meafure tared, ken of a cruel difpofition, than the abufe i^T^Vff* * F v« ? lhe goddcfi Of dumb crcatureTj efpecially of thofe ^ifcord h€rfc,f t0 dcmolith them : who contribute to bur advantage and con- — ~ DifawLa trtra yeniency. The doing "an ill office to one Belli fcrratn poftes, portafque rtfegit. who has intended us no harm is a ftrong But before I confider the fervice of proof of inhumanity j bu( unkindnefs toG port* to mankind in general, I mail take a benefactor is both inhuman and ungrate- this opportunity of acknowledging the Jul. obligation which I have prrfonally receiv- But it is not my intention at prefent to ed from one of them, and which may animadvert upon our barbarity to the ani- very pofiibjy bias me in favour of the snal creation ; the bufinefs of this Utter is while fraternity, .jpnly to yindicate from reproach a poor I Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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$i$ A>oiboY /^r POSTS. Noir; I was travelling very lately, where J J could enumerate fever*] forts of pofts was entirely ignorant of the road, in a Which are of infinite fervice } fuch as the jart of England too far from town for mill-port, the whipping- poft, the fign- the common people to give that rational poft, and many others : I mall at prefent direction to a ftranger which they do in content myfelf with making a few obfer - and about London j and too near it, at I rations on the two laft, the whipping- afterwards found, not to relifli Arongry poft, and the fign- poft. erf its vices. Coming at laft to a place £ If to put in execution the laws of tho Where the road branched out into diffe- land be of any fervice to the nation, pent paths, I was quite at a stand, till fee- which few 1 think will deny, the benefit ang a country fellow puffing by, I enquire of the whipping* poft mjuft be very appa- #d the road to Bifley. " To Bifley !*• vent, as being a nece/Tary inftrument of lays he, fcratching his head, and looking. fuch an execution. Indeed the fervice it lip in my face—'* Where did you come does to a country place is inconceivable, from, Sir ?" I was nettled a good deal I myfelf knew a man who had proceeded at the fellow* » ufelefc and impertinent _ fo far as to lay his hand upon a filver stueftion, efpedally as it began to grow ™ (poon with a defign to make it his own $ ahilk j however, that I might get wbag ^it upon looking round, and feeing a inftruaion from him I could, I fatisfied whipping- poft in his way, hedefifttd front Jura. He then, after having attentively the theft. Whether he fufpected that the leoked round the country, and informed poft would impeach him or not, I will no; ane I might have come a nearer way, gave pretend to determine ; feme folks were jne to underftand, that He could not well of opinion, that he was afraid of a bchta* tell, but that 1 was not above two miles corjms. It is likewife an infallible remedy £om it. P— x take the fellow ! fays I, Q for all lewd and disorderly behaviour, ne is as ftupid as a poll, and rode on i which the chairman at feftions generally But 1 had hardly gone a hundred yards employs it to reftrain* Nor is it left be* before I difcovcred a poft, which very nencial to the honeft part of mankind good-naturedly held oat its finger to (hew than the dimoneft ; for tho* it lies imme- sue the road, and informed me in a few diately in the high road to the gallows, it words, that I had ftill three miles to go. I has flopped many an adventurous young followed the advice of this intelligent man in bis progreft thither, friend, and foon arrived at the end of my _ But of the whole family of pofts, I journey, athamed and vexed at the ingra- D know none more ferviceable than a fign- citude 1 had been guilty of in abufing fo poft, which, like a bill of fare to an en* Serviceable a guide. tertainment, always ftands ready without If a man reflects feriouflv with himfelf, the door to inform you' of what you are as I did then, he will find that pofts are to expect within. The intent of this has very far from being fo ftupid as they are been very much perverted, and according- imagined to be. I may fafely venture to 1/ taken notice of by your predeceflbr tho srfTert, that they have all negative wifdom. Spectator. He was for prohibiting the car- They neither ruin their fortunes by gam- £ penter the ufe of any fign but his faw ; fng, nor their conftitutions by drinking. and the (hoemaker, but his boot ; and They keep no bad company $ they never with great propriety j for the proverb Interfere either in matters of party or re- fays, ne fitter ultra ere pi dam. And indeed ligion, and feem entirely unconcerned it is reafonable that every (hop. (hould about who is in favour at court, or who have a fign that bears feme affinity to the out. Tho* I cannot fey that their cou- wares in which it deals j for otherwife a rage is great, they never fuffer themfelves ft ranger may call for a yard of doth at a to be affronted un revenged j for they are _, bookfeller**, or the laft WvrU at a linen- always upon the defenfive, tho* they fel- * draper's. But when thefe things are ad- dom give the challenge. Drunkards they jutted, nothing can be of greater fervice have a particular averfion to j nor is it than a fign-poft ; inafmuch as it inftru&s uncommon for a man, tho* the fumes of a man, provided he has money in his poc- wine may have made him infenfible at kct,- how he may fopply all his wants $ ni^ht, to feel the effects of their refent- and often directs the hungry traveller t« ment in the morning. In (hort, they the agreeable perfumes of a favoury k itch- feem devoted to the fervice of mankind j en j from whence it is imagined that the keeping neither day nor night, nor cverQ common exprefliop comes, of (nulling a deferring the ftation which is affigned poft. tbtfm. One thing I own may be juftly Thus, Mr. Fits-Adam, you fee how laid to their charge, which is, that they much we are indebted to theie ferviceable are often guilty of cruel behaviour to the tilings called pofts j and I think it would blind ; tho' I think they amply repay it, frc a great inflance of your goodnefi to by leading fuppert to the U*$e. # cndca> Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1753 Of DIFFERENCE, /», OPI^IPKSX £*jfr endeavour tocorrec"r the world's ingratitude plain* »« * n't place on which the. fate of to them 5 tnce ft te grtown fo Very nbto- empires * might be decided in battle « rious, that I have known feveral, who which the farmer will defpife as bleak and ewe all they have te a poft, induftrious barren, neither fruitful of pafturage, nof ' to- undervalue Us dijghity, and make its fit for tillage." #hmra$er appear ridiculous . Two men examining the fame querooa, proceed commonly like the phyfician and ' Adtintcui, Nov. 13, gardener in feleaing herbs, or the farmer * IT has been fometlmes aficed by thole, A *nd hero looking on the plain j they . - who find the appearance of wifdom bring minds impreffed with different no- , more eafily attained by queftions than tions,.and direct their inquiries to dif- ' forutions, how it comes to pafs, that the ferent ends j they form, therefore, con- world is divided by fuch difference of trary eonclufions, and each wonders at •pinion 5 and why men, equally reafon- the others abfurdity. •We, and equally lovers of truth, do not Wc have left reafon to be torprifed Of „ always think in the lame manner. offended when we find others differ from , With regard to firrtple propofitions, B ** in opinion, becaufe we very oftet* « where the terms art underftood, and the °^kr from ourfelves : Kow often we / whole fubjec* is comprehended at once, altcr our ntinds, we do not always re* there is fuch an uniformity of fentiment mark i# becaufe the change is fometime* among all human beings, that, for many made imperceptibly and gradually, and > ages, a* very numerous fet of notions the l*ft convi&ioif effaces all memory of were fuppofed to be innate, orneceflarily the former j yet every man, accuftomed coesiiftent with the faculty of reafon j it from time to time to take a furvey of his being imagined, that univerfel agree* c own notions, will by a (light retr^fpec- snent could proceed only from the in- w tion be able to difcovcr, that his mind variable dictates of the univefal parent. has (uffcred many revolutions, that the „ in queftions ditfufe and compounded, J*™* things nave in the feveral parts of this fimilarity of determination is no Ion- «» h7e (been condemned and approved, ger to be expeded* At our firft fallv purfucd and (hunned ; and that on many int« the intelledual world, we all march occafions, even when his practice ha* together along one Graft and open road ; heen fteady, his mind has been wavering fcur as we proceed further, and wider w^ he has perfifted in a fcheme of aaion* profpecls open to our view, every eye Dfatncr hecaufe he feared the cenfure of fixes upon a different feene j we divide inconstancy, than becaufe he was always into various paths, and as we move for- plcafed with his own choiee. ward, are (till at a greater diftance from °*" the different faces (hewn by the each other. As a queftion becomes more "anie objects as they are viewed on op- eompficated'and involved, and extends pofite fides, and of the different incfina- to jf greater number of relations,difagree- }ion8. wliich they mud conftanUy rail* , merit of opinion will always be multi. in him that contemplates them, a more plied, not becaufe we are irrational, but p "riking example cannot eafily be (bund hecanfe we are finite beings, furnifiied than two Greek epigrammatifts will with different kinds of knowledge, ex- afford us in their accounts of human life* crtiftg different degrees of attention, one which I (hall by before the reader in Eng- difcovering confequences which efcape Ufliprofe. another, none taking in the whole con- Pofidippus, a comic poet, utters this catenation of caufes and effects, and moft complaint j « Thro* which of the patha comprehending but a very fmall part ; of ,ife ** »t eligible to pafs ? In publick each comparing what he obferves with a *ffemblies are debates and troublefomo different criterion, and each referring it F **&»« 5 domeftick privacies are haunted to a different purpofe. with anxieties j in the country is labour j Where, then, is the wonder, that they, •«* tn« fc» »s terror } in a foreign land, who ice only a fmall parr, (hould judge .he that has money muft live in (ear, he orroneoufiy of the whole > or that they, that wants it muft pine in diftreis j are who fee different and difflmilar parts, you married ? you are troubled with mould judge differently from each other ? fufpicions ; are you fingle ? you languid* Whatever has various refpecls, muft *& folitudcj children occafion toil, and have various appearances of good and Qa childlefs life is a (late of deftitutidn 5 evil, "beauty or deformity : Thus, the the time of youth is a time of folly, and- gardener tears up as a weed, the plant grey hairs are loaded with infirmity, which the phyfician gathers as a medi- This choice only, therefore, can be mace, cine*; and " a general, fays Sir Kenclm either never to receive being, or imme- Bigby, wfiMoek witfc plcafure over a totely (tidbit,*^ 1 -' Such Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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£2b Liferent fcews of Human Lite. tfot] -Such and To gloomy ii .the profped, and which every day affords at trefli op- ^rtiich Pofidippus has laid before us. But . port unity to examine : We may examine, Wc are not to acquiefce too haftily in his indeed, but we never can decide, because determination againft the value of ex- our faculties are unequal to the fubjocl » iftence j for Metrodoros, a philofopber of We fee a little, and form an opinion j w» Athens, has (hewn, that life has pleasures fee more, and change it. as well as pains j and having exhibited This inconflancy and unAeadineft, to theprefentftate Of manih brighter colours, ^ which we muft fo often find ourfelves lis* draws, with equal appearance of reafon, ble, ought certainly to teach us modcrati- a contrary conclufion t on and forbearance towards thofe who « You may paf$ well thro' any of the cannot accommodate themfeWes to oar paths of life. In publick aflemblies are sentiments ; if they are deceived, we fa honours, and tranfaftions of wifdom ; no right to attribute their miftake to what excufe (hail we be able to find for is poor may keep his poverty fecret j are averfion and malignity conceived again* you married, you have a chearful houfe ; him, whom we (hall then And to are you fingle,you are unincumbered j chil- committed no fault, and who offended us dren are objefts of affcclion ; to be with- only by refuting to follow us into error ? cut children is to be without care 5 the It may likewife contribute to soften time of youth is the time of vigour 5 and that refentment which pride naturally grey heirs are made venerable by piety. raifcs againft oppofitioo, if we coofider, )t will, therefore, never be a wife man's Q that he who differs from us does not al- choice, either not to obtain exigence, ways contradict us ; he has one view of or to lofe it ; for every ftate of life has an object, and we have anotlier j each do* its felicity." fcribes what he fees with equal fidelity, In thefe epigrams are included moil of and each regulates his fleps by his own the queftions, which have engaged the eyes : One man, with Pofidippus, looks (peculations of the enquirer* after hap- on celibacy as a (late of. gloomy fohasdt> pinefs j and tho* they will not much . without a partner in joy or a cosnfofjn? aflrft our determinations, they may, per- _ in forrow 5 tlie other confiders it, haps, equally promote our quiet, by (hew- ** Metrodorus, as a (late free from iacum» ing that no abfolute determination ever branccs, in which a man is at liberty to an be formed. chufe his own gratifications, to 1 Whether a publick ftation, or private from place to place in queft of pjcafore, life be defir able, ha sal ways been debated; and to think of nothing but merriment we Tee here both the allurements and dif- and diverlion ; full of thefe notions, one oouragements of civil employments ; on haftens to chufe a wife, and the other one (:dc there is trouble, on the other laughs at his ratfinefs, or pities his igno* honour j the management of affairs is £ ranee j yet it is pofiible that each is right* vexatious and difficult, but it is the only but that each is right only for hirnfelf. duty in which wifdom can be confpicu- Life is not the object of faience ; We ©ufly difplayed 5 it muft then (till be left fee a little, very little 1 and what is be* to every man to chufe cither eafe or glory 5 yond we only can coojeciure. If we en- sior can any general precept be given, quire of thofe who have gone before us, fince no man can be happy by the pre- we receive fmall fatisfa&ion ; fome have ienption of another. travelled life without obfervation, and Thus what is fa id of children by Pofi- „ fome willingly midead us. The only dippus, that they are occafions of fatigue, r thought, therefore, on which we can re- and by Metrodorus, that they are objects pofe with comfort is that which prefects of affection, is equally certain 5 but whe- to us the care of Providence, whofe eye ther they will give moft pain or pleafure takes in the whole of things, and under muft depend on their future conduct and whofe direction all involuntary orrors will difpofnions, on many caoTes upon which terminate in happinefs. the parent can have little influence : There is therefore, room tor all the caprices of -*» Account of tbt rrw Exchakgi imagination, and defrre mull be proporti- Q Bristol, tmtb a r.m V I a w «/" tU oned to the hope or fear that (hall happen fame* tt to predominate. | N the year 1733, the crthens of Bri- Such is the uncertainty in which we are J. flol obtained an aft of parliament, and built a regular Excfaang Digitized by VjOOQ IC always likely to remain with regard to have now built a regular Exchange, vmb <u.eftions wherein we iuve moll mtereft, teu|

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t?53- Account of the New-Exchange at Briftol, 6fr. 521 four entrances into it, and rooms for fhops over it like the Royal Exchange at London, and about two thirds as large; The old buildings, pulled down for that purpofe, coft the chamber of the city mboife 20,000! . The firft rtone of it was laid by the mayor, the 10th of March, it. The kay is reckoned the longeft ia England. The College green is deemed the healthi- eft place in the city, it being plea fan tly Si- tuated j in the middle of which (lands the High* croft which a few years fince (rood at the upper end of High-ftreet. — In the 1740- 1, with feveral pieces of gold and ^ College green ftands the cathedral, which silver coin under it, and this inferiptioti tapon it : Regnanti GEQRG10 1L e°/#, Felici, Augujh, Liber tat is t & Rei Met- catoriet Dtrmi For iff ue Vindice, Frimarium Lapidan bujufce JEdificii, Sujragio Ci apprehended to be mad, it commonly happens that the dog is killed before one is allured of his con- dition, and the perfon bitten continues in a cruel uncertainty. Mr. Petit the furge- on hath an expedient for putting an end to this uneafinefs. He rubs the throaty the teeth, and the gum* of the dead dog q with a piece of meat that hath been dreiT- ed, taking care that there may be no blood to ftain it, and then offers it to a living dog. If he refiifts it with crying and howling, the dead dog was certainly mad j but if the vi&uals have been well received and eaten, there is nothing to fear. This ftru&ure (which is all of free* ftdsw, with two fpacious apartments at tfte entrance,, one for a tavern, and the Other for a coffee- houfe) isthecompleafeftU Tbt^fojlotohg^ opinions of fome of our mt^ of Hi kind in Europe, and was opened' w~~ with great pomp on the a i ft of Septem- ber, 1743. Behind it atto a large fpace of ground was laid out for the markets, which very much -embaraffcd High-ftreet end Broad-ftreet, where they were before kept ; which markets are now ftnifhed, «nd are the compleateft of any in England* g In our Magazine for May, 1749, we gave a correct Map of Somerfetmire, With a defcriptiott of that county, p. 202, In which our readers will find an account of the city of Briftol, to which we fball Only add what follows. The great fquare called Queen*s, for- merly the Mead, where the ground was _ fubjedt to the hatards of inundations, is * now fo railed, that it is free from that in- convenience : It is very handsomely built su\d inhabited : And is reckoned larger &an any fquare in London, except Lin- coln^-Inn- fields. On the north fide of it it the cuftom-houfe, and in the middle, walks with rows of trees : In the center of which is a fine equeftrian ftatue of G do not know, that the law has put any Eminent Lawyer* having been lately pmblijhed in a Pamphlet, tntititd, The QJUESTION, whether, a Jew, born within the Britijh Dominions, wae before the making the late Act of Par* liament, a Perfon capable, by Law, to purchafe and hold Lands to him, and his Heirs ; «?* think they definvt * Place in our QolkcJion. IN the year 17 18, Sir Robert Raymond, then attorney general, and afterwarde lord chief juftice of England, gave hit opinion on the following cafe s A. B. was begot and born in England j but both of his parents were aliens 1 He has intention to purchafe an eftatc ia fee. Q^r* Whether fie can enjoy it, being; the io»i of an alien, and of the profefflotv of a Jew ? I am of opinion, A. B. is a natural born fubjc& of the kingdom of Great- Britain, and, as fuch, capable to pur- chafe and enjoy lands, Arc. in f ee j and king William HI* ere&cd, the workman- Jhip of the famous Mr. Ryferack. •The kay along the river is very noble, and well filled with all forts of merchan- tiize, and a handfome row of houfes fronts November, 1753, dtfabUjty upon him upon account of hie being by prof© (Bo* a Tew. Q. %, Whether Rich lands will de- fcend to his iflue, or be sbffeitcd to tho erown ? Uss I Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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522 Opinions of Lawyers about the Jews. Not*; I am of opinion, what lands he mall him of that right of purcbafing he acquired fo purchafe will defcend to hit children, by being an EngUlh fubjc&. as tlic lands of other fubjefts, and not be Middle Temple, ir p w forfeited to the crown. peb. %$t 17a 3. *** rsffMm <t„ 5. If he procures letters of denize- mV. ferjeant Whitaker. I am of opi- tion, whether he may then purchafe and „ionf that a fubjeft of his majefty, born enjoy lands m fee ? in England, tho* a Jew, may purchase I take it, letters of denization will not £ an<j noid ian<is fo purchafed in England * pit him in a better condition, as to his and I am of opinion, that a free denizen, capacity of purchafiog lands, than he is after j^ i$ fo m^ may likewife pur- in already by his being born a fubje& of cnafc and hold lands by him purchafed, the ctown of Great-Britain. th0% fuch denizen be a Jew. Lincoln's- Inn, R. Kjymond. Feb. 26, 1713. EJ%*arJJPI»toler. Feb. 23, 1718. Mr% Kettleby's opinion. I am of o- Again, in 1723 feverat opinions were pinion, that a Jew born hi England, or taken upon the following qreftion, g being an alien born, if he be denixated Q^ If a fubjeft of his m-jefty, born in by letters patents, or naturalized by acx England, or a free denizen, being a Jew, of parliament, is as well qualified to par* may purchafe lands ? chafe lands, and to hold and enjoy them* Sir Thomas Bootless opinion. I am as any other fubjecs whatfoever. of opinion, he may in either cafe. jihel KcttUbj* FcS. ic, 1723, T. Boil*. Mr. Mead's opinion. I do not know Mr. ferjeant Chertiyre. Antiently the of any law that reftrains a Jew, who is perfuns, wives, ch.Mren, and effects, of ~ a natural-born fubjeA of the kingdom of the Jews, were under the protection and ^ England, or who is made a free denize* power of the kings of England j and, of Che kingdom of England, from psr- during their continuance under fuch pro- chafing lands ; nor do I know of any recti on, they were allowed to purchafe judicial rtfolution by which it hat been lands, or to take mortgages of lands, for determined, that fuch a Jew may por- fccunty ot money 'y and the heir was in chafe lands. ward to the king during his minority ; Feb. 26,, 1713* & iffwio* a lull account whereof may be fecn in Mr. Lutwich'a opinion. I do set Mr. Maddux's Hidory of the Ami^aities J) know, that, in any of the law-boosts, of tin Exchequer, p. 150 to p. 178 ; there is any eMinuion made between* and, on the Jews quitting this realm on Jew fubject, born in England, or made account of the Astute called Steutum <U denizen* and any other j and, there be- J^aifino, init. 506, the lands of the Jews ing no aft of parliamentr that I ever eiiheaud to the king. On what foot heard of, for difabling Jews from par* th* Jews have been tince, or are now, chafing lands, I conceive, that tbey map I do not know, nor ever heard this point purchase m the fssne inftances, and with brought in queAion : 1 do not apprehend, „ the fame capacity, as Cbeimana or Pro* that they are on a worfe foot fmce their * ceftants may purchase* former expulfion j nor do I know how Feb. 26, 1725. 7+Lmmct. to dirtirtguim them, in this refpect, from Mr. Reeve, afterwards chief juftice of other of the kings natural born fubje&s, the common- pleas. I know of no law having no certain rules whereon to form that hath made Jews incapable of par* any fuch diflinclioa. chafing lands 5 and am of opinio*, tkat Feb. 26, 1 72 j. J. Cbejbyrt. ' * Jew that is a natural- born fubject, or Mr. Pigofs opinion. I am of opinion, _ Ruralized, or made denizen, may par* that a Jew that is hi* majefty's fubj«a, * chafe lands* born in England, or who has obtained Feb. 25, 1723, 72*. item* fetters patents of denization, may pur- Mr. Talbot, afterwards lord high chan* chafe lands ; the ftatute de Judaifmo, and1 eellor of Great Britain. I am of opinio*, Oie other old rtatutes, relate only to that he may purchafe : Purchafes by Jews ufury j and there is not in them any thing ere not frequent ; bur I do not know ef to difable tnem to purchafe. In ancient »ny laws which make them incapable of times perfens excommunicated, lepers, purchaflng upon account of their rehgion. Jews,- and many others, were dtf*biedG Feh. 26, 1723- C. Tadfef. to purchafe* as appears by Bracton ♦, Sir Clement Wetrg, follidtor general. and our old authors 1 bot I am of opinion I do not think there is a fufficient fosu- a Jew may purchafe j becaufe I know dation for thit common notion, that rot* mo Uw that diUbles him, or deprives Jews are not intitled to the fame chrtt rights' • • This, *s e tb*2*vx, Ikdimtpu * ntfakt: &*&$*, wwbtrt, tidt 1 ctnpd, f*j**§ Digitized by VjOOQ iC

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8753' Of Naturalization, Denization, fcfr. 523 aights with people of other religions : I oftner by the mere connivance of the apprehend* while they are aliens, they crown, and the extenfion of the pcero- are fubjed to the incapacities of aliens 5 gative, relating to noli profe^r j> which in -when they arc made denizens, or if born in the cafes mentioned by this author, and England, they are intitled to the fame civil *U fuch, is in effect a difpenfmg power, rights with perfons of other perfuafione, 6. That thofe who live under indul- hlet having been fince published, in favour born within the liegeance of the king. Nay 4>f the late act for naturalizing the Jews, *ven as to the children of foreign pi oteftant which I have reafon to think was wrote, merchants born within thi« kingdom •r at kail ^he principal matter furnUhed, I doubt much if they can be deemed na! kj perfona of RMtoh higher rank, than tural born fubjecls, unlefs their father was Jiian who feems to be the author of it, I £ made a denizen before their birth, or after- aiMift beg the favour that you will likewife wards naturalized 5 for why a child born afford room in the fame Magazine for the bere before his lather's denization mould Jem following remarks upon that learned •»»*, and a child born afterwards mould eidiculous pamphlet j butfirft I muft ob- be inheritable to his father, I can fee no ^ that, reafon, unlefs it be, that in order to in. From the eonqueft to the reign of Ed- title a man to the high privilege of being ward VI. no man could live in England, * natural born Englifh fubjedt, he muft ■JOfikfs by indulgence, much lefs be na- rv by the common law not only be bom ♦uraHzed, or deemed a natural born (Ub- within his ma je fly's dominions, but he ject, if be openly profefled not being a muft be the fon of a father who was a Roman Caiholick. denizen at the time of his birth, or after- a. From Jtbe beginning of the reign of wards naturalized j and this h confimed JKdward VI. to the *rft year of. king Wil- by the common law relating to children liam, no man could live in England, un- born in foreign countries of EngHih pa- £efe by indulgence, much lefs be natura- rents, or of a father afterwards natura- lized, or deemed a natural born fubjedfc, lized, who were not deemed natural born i£ he openly profefied not being of the £ fubje&s, becaufe not born within th* ^church of England 5 excepting, however, king's dominions, which (hews that both Che few years of queen Mary's reign, and the place of the birth, and the condition /•f the rebels againft king Charles I. of the father muft by the common law 3. That from the ftrft year of king concur to render the child a natural Korri 'William to the year 1740, no man could iubjeft of England. Whether the children 3«te in England, unlefs by indulgence, much of the Lombard or Eaftland mefchanta iefs be naturalized, or deemed a natural born here, ever claimed being natural -born fobject, if he openly. profeiTed a dif- p born fubje£is, unlefs the father was deni- httoaS in the trinity, or in the divine au- zated or naturalized, 13 a quWllon which tJwwty of the holy Scriptures of the Old lieave to be decided by the author of this +nJN**p Teftament. pamphlet and his afibciates, beca'uVe they 4. That the daufes in the Act of 1740, fc*™ to be more converfant in our old fWere not originally in, but added by the records than I am, or incline to be ? committee upon the bill, and alio the And now with regard to the pamphlet wordf«.*Wrf£ert, in the title. ttfelf, I Shall remark, 5. That the indulgence I have men* ift* That thefe our learned ar.tiqyiriei, Caoned is fometimes granted by law, asG if their judgment had been equal to then* §mt jexample, to foreign ambafladors and learning, would have avoided men.tionirifc ajaeir Servants by the law of nations, to the ordinance of king John for pu'niihing Jfcfoign merchants by magna chart a y chap. thofe who treated his bimops and clergy 0te to foreigners of the foreign reformed vvith contempt ; becaufe every one knows, flfcbtchcs allowed by the king, by the Act that it was published for protecting tiiat 9$ 4©d 24 Charles U. chap. 4. but much V u u % j,^ • SUttbtjtMh /. 5J> S1^ Digitized by UOOQ IC

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5*4 StMe of the Jews under cur snttint Kings. Nw, part of the clergy who fltewed theaotelvee tars of their pctfoss, as wall ae eftates 5 ready to (acrificc the eilabliihed chureh to end yet it was not footah intbe Jews to the pleafure of the king, to fupport him live in England under this hard conditio* $ in all J»is attacks upon the liberties and becaufe they had then no bettor feoaricy privileges of his people, and to juftify or for (heir perfon or property in any part of palliate all his anti-conftitutional and anT the world 5 and that this was their coo- ti-national meafnres, by which means dition here, no maa can doubt who con- they had rendered themfelves^ not only a fiders that king John, becaufe he cooM contemptible, but hateful to the people. not find any eftate belonging to the Jow When I fay this, I do not mean to juilify the of Brjftol to feize r>n, feized upon his encroachments then made by the court or teeth, and that Id ward I. by his proda- Rome i for it was his ufurpation and con- mation ordered all Jews to be hanged that duel, in which he was encouraged by the mould be found in the kingdom, after the ambition and fycophancy of his clergy, day thereby limited for their baniOimest, that fir ft hid a foundation for tbofe en- and feized upon all their eftate* without croachments j and this will always be the any feotence or form of law. TtsereSore, cafe: When our government renders it- B whether that law of Edward the Cenfeffbr, ft)( odious to the people, foreign powers which declares the Jews and all they have avili encroach upon our rights tome way to be the king's, be genuine or not, it is pr other. plain that it was in effect the law from the 2. Theft antiquarians, if their judg- conqueft, and continued to he the taw as m«nt had been equal to their learning, long as there was a Jew in this kingdom j would have faved themfelves the trouble nor is it anyoejeorian to ita authenticity, pf prying into our ant.ent records, in or- that Ingulphus did not tnfert it in his co- oler to mew, that from the conqueft until Qpy of that king's laws, becaufe -he copied near rhe end of the reign of Henry III. only for the life of his moeaftory, wt* the Je^vs were permitted to purchafc and could have nothing to do with this law $ cranfmi' to their heirs all forts of real or and as rhe Jews had no (hare m, nor right land trta'cs j for the UQ was never de- to any of. the laws or coftoaae of England, nic<i. They may certainly by the com- neither Glaovil, Bra&on, nor Fleta, who mon law ftill purch »fe, and even tranfmit wrote of thofe lawe and cowome only, to their heirs, as well as every other alien could take any notice of the Jews, wto may do, it the king makes no claim, for nhad neither law nor caftan in their fa- no other perfon can, without a print from Dyour, but merely the good will of the him j but the qucftion is, whether the king, who encouraged their aoqoiriaf lung could not feize upon thofj eftates property, cfpecially land property, becaofc when he pleafed, or tax the Jews in what he could take as much of it as he pleaded, an 1 when, he oleafed, without any legal and ab often as he pleafed, without any authority ; and tins is plain from many authority from parliament, inrtance* in oar hi ft ones, and particular* 3. As to the aft or regulation of- the 54th ly from their being bani/hed, and all their of Henry III. the queftion ia of no greet pftates confiscated, by Edward I's pro- £ importance, whether it was an ace of eUmation in the iSth year of his parliament or not; for the king fey his reign. If any one of them had ever been fob; authority could make what regabti- fleemed a natural born fubjec*t, the king 00s he pleafed with refpect to the Jews, was reft rained from impofmg any new and fine, imprifon, or hang any of these, tallage upon him without content of par- that tranfgrefied, or did not yield obedi* liament, or taking from him any part of ence ; and the chief reafon why I believe bis eftate real or perfoual, or imprifoning it wan an a& of parliament ia, becaoieef or bani flung, hoc by due couifc of law : _ that claufe which forbids (phnfttans to be Thefe reftrainti, I fay, were laid upon ** nurfes, bakers, brewere* or cooks tort* the crown, wtrh refped to all the freemen Jews. But upon this fubject. our awsaar of this itngdom, by William the Conque- has committed three very great, 1 hope, ror*s charter, chap. 5 ; by Henry I's not wilful miftatoes j alt- He fayt, that Charter, chap. 17 } that of Stephen, there was no parliament in Henry Md*l chap. 13 j that of Henry II. chap, a j reign, after the 520" year thereof, when that of John, chap. 14, and 46 4 that of the ftatute of MarJWidge,waa patfc4 -** Henry III, called Ma&a Charta, chap. 29, m Dam. 1267 : Whereas if be had hat and j$ ; and finally, by an aftof the firft Q J°°k** *nto Kapm*s hiftory, and tneeotef parliament of Edward I, ufually called D* fubjoined to it, he would have teao, that t'fiUagh yen cowetdinio. Yet with refpeft to there was a parliament ia the <aafte*eeaf the Jews, none of our kings were ever of that king's reign, buiAmoDmw* ifttt. fuppofed to be under any fuch reftraint 1 which granted the king a fubfidy $ teat On the contrary, they wac abfolute ra*f- the ie was another in the 54th year of M* Digitized by UOOQ IC

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175?. ?b$ Frii-Mascws A N T H E M, &5V. g%f reign held at London in June, 1270 3 and morc remarks upon this learned antiqua* that there wit a third in xi?t. a. Our ria„'s apology, only this, that I hop2 no author dates the ad of parUment, or re- revolution principles ever tended to indue* fulation in queftion, on July a4, in the us to affociate ourfelves with Tews Turta 55th year of that king's reign } whereas, and Pagans, much lefs to "rive 'them I . T°y ¥?*?' u*?n*romjl* ™W- ft«e in our government, which every nal, u dacsd Tuly 24, »n the MtVyetr oi i„Gcd man muft b his influence h*vZ his reign, an* probably was palled in the AwhHA our constitution fluids upon 12 parliament 1 have mentioned, which was pr€1vnt jvWUr footine. Whether JuJ* bid at London in June, and might not eftabh/h,d religion mould not be upoTI •break up , tiU July 24 following. 3. He m0re general foundation, I mall not taki fuppofes that the words, and otbvs, in the upon me to determine ; but I think w* £atute 0 mortmain, paOid the 7^ ^ nave already «onc ,ar enough with «o- Edward I. means the reprefeautives of Nation 5 for the ignorant ana* thought^ the commons 5 whereas , > that . Enlarge the mind, and chear the fenfi ' ^hrrflianity u a part of the common law Where fcepter'd reafon from her throna >]f this kingdom ; and if it is, I am Aire, Surveys the lodge, and make, ustm* 4 h*t no Jew, tho born here, can be fup- And harmony'rdelightful fway yafed to be a Hege fubjea to the king 1 For ever /beds ambrofia! day • ^ay, I doubt if the king, rtriaiy'fpeak- Where we biefs'd Eden's pleafu re tafte. n^, can in the ufual manner make him a r Whilft balmy joys are our repaft lenazen, erpecially now that rhe alien du- Our lodge the focial virtoek erace; ' Y fiends appropriated to the payment of And wifdom's rules we fondiv trace 1 f»e optional debt. But as king and par- Whole nature, open to our view am«nt -may airer the common law, furer Points out the path we mould oUrfofc, ' a Jew naturalized by ad of parliament Let us fiibfift in fcrftin* peace. ould ^heff by become knitted to.all the; And may our happinefs increafe. ght5 and privileges of a natural bom No prying eye can view us here • nghfliiffm, and even to that of having 1QN0 fool nor knave difturb our cheer. ,e benefit of clergy, mould he have oc- Our well fbrm/d laws fet mankhRl ttet. fioo for it, which no unnaturalized Jew And givo relief to mifcry. ' 2 baVC'- f. I** XV bUt '-V"? fcope* tb^1 V* Po^'^efs-d with woe and grit*

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V* A NEW SONG* Sung by Mr. Be aid. ;iHS§ That Jenny's my friend, my delight, and my pride, I always have in boafted, and feek not to hide : I dwell on her praifei where- \ ever I go, They fay I'm in love, but I anfwer'd no no 'ligppp^SEte&P^ I I no no no no no no no no no, They (ay Vm in love, but I s •nfwer'd no no. ■l,*J,d a At evening oft-times with pleafure I fee A note from her hand, 1*11 be with you at tea } Tbelow \ My heart how it bounds when I hear her But (ay not it's love, for I anfwer no, no. £he flngs me a Cong, and I echo it* (train, Again I cry Jenny, fweet Jenny, again, I kifs her fweet lips, as if there 1 could grow 5 lut fay not it's love,. Cor I anfwer no, no. She tells me her faults, as fiie fits on my knee, I chide her, and fwear, (he*« an angel to me, My moulder (he taps, and ftill bids me think foj [no no. Who knows but me loves, the' fh# anfwer From beauty, and wit, and good Humour, howl [fly Shou'd prudence advife, or compel me to Thy bounty, O fortune, make haife to beftow, And let me defervt her, or ftulTfl fry no. >qIc

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Pnlical Essays in NO V EMBER, 1753; %if yf^COUNTRY DANCE Mathews frighted at the Highwayman, The firft couple caft off, and the fecond couple lead up to the top at the fame time, and all four hands acrofs quite round ~ j then the top couple cart off> and the firft couple lead to the top, hands acrofs quite round ~ ; right and left ♦? } lead thro* the third couple, cart up one couple £* \ fet it crofs corners, and your partner E« the firft man go round the fecond woman, and his partner round three men, both mtcTan4 turn £* j then round fecond man and third woman meet and turn £•. Poetical Essays /» NOVEMBER, ODE fir bis Ma jesty'x Birtb-D*yt 1753. CmfrfeJ by Coliey Cibber, Efc Solo, Boy. AS on the foaring eagle's wing, Aloft the linnet joys to ting j So on the flights of Caefar's praifc, The lifted mufe fablimes her Jays. Recitative, Mr. Savage. Let there be light. Such was at once the word, And fuch the work of heaven ; When on the formlefs mafs of night Great nature* s Lord From his cceleftial ray, Spontaneous pourM the day, And light prolifick to the world was given. Air, Mr. Savage. The pugnant earth enjoy*d the flties, The genial field was Paradife t There lilt divine, there firlt began The infant monarchy of man. Recitative and Air, Mr. Beard. That empire loft, there ftill remain*d, In mercy to the general doom, A brighter Paradife to come, By pray'r and penitence regain' 4 t But ah ! rude nature ftill By inborn paflions prsft'd, £}as by unbounded will The rasa of man diitrefs*^ In vain a Solomon has taught, In vain have holy fages wrote, Ambition ftill avows her joy, Lefs mov'd to fave us than deftroyf Recitative, Mr. Wafs. Repofe, the fweeteft draught Of life's delighted taftc, Ambition fets at naught, Compar'd to worlds laid wafte r Yet Briuin from the world detachM, An happier fate rcferv'd has reach'4. Duetto, Mr. Baildon and Mr. Waft* Britain ftills hails the chofen morn, When a diftinguiuVd grace of power Proclaimed this glorious inftant hour. The beft of monarchs ihali be born : A Gioaci from Gioacx this ifts fttalt fway, With virtues of amazing ray : In foreign fields tho* conqueft oft | Has rais'd the Britifti arras aloft, Yet nobler wreaths has Gxoaci obtam'dL Than Hercules from Hydra gain'd 5 For never knew or Greece or Rome, Fell faction fo fubdu'd at home. Recitative and Air, Mr. Beard. Party no more now ftains the vote. To fofter fears, from truth remote ;- No more afpiring patriots toll, To make tie mended ftats their fpoil ; M Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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528 Poetical Essay* ^NOVEMBER, At length has Cacfar'S glory (hewn, That kings and fubje&s weal are one ; With gentle gajes now glides the reality "While hands fraternal hold the helm. So guardian angels fix'd in view, ^hc courfe that heaven command! purfue. CHORUS. In mutual virtues long fecure, Long may the btendid btifs endure j That agts yet unborn may ring, fetch were his fubje&s, fuch their king. On the Rev. Dr. [amis Fostxi. Written jcveral Years ago, and now printed on Oc- aafian of kit Death* ^W fUlLJL furious bigots with intern* VV prate zeal [wheel, are the cruel flame and toit'ring t their dire vengeance at the wife and good, [ftian blood ; And ft* in their murd'ring fwor.ds in chri- fofter, 'tis thine in truth's defence to rife, *£o cheek the progrefs of triumphant vice, With focial virtues ev'ry bread infpire, And wake in British hearts a nobler fire, Than antient Rome's diftinguifh'd patriots knew, [flew. When o'er the world her conqu'ring eagles WondVing we fee in thy fublime difcourfe Warmth with difcretion, elegance with force : We fee each talent and each art appear, Which can or mend the heart or charm t!>e ear. To thee enthuuafiic zeaJ attends, [bends* And, aw'd, to reafon't rightful fceptre Profanenefs trembles at thy powerful word, And persecution drops her bloody fword. Truth (lands by thee difplay'd to mortal fight, In naked majefty fupremely bright 5 While from thy arm her darts unerring fly, And folly, vice, and fuperitition die. Proceed, great preacher ! plead fair vir- tue's caufe, Infocce her precepts, and aflert her laws, Till ev'ry heart her fecrtd voice obey, TUL bleft Britannia own her peaceful fway : Then, ripe in years and piety, remove To realms illumin'd by celeAial love : There (while thy name thro* each fuc- ceffive age j page) Blooms in thy own and * Pope's immortal In more exalted blifs thy foail maU live Than fablee e'er can feign, or hope con- ceive, [malt trace, Fleas'd the wife fchemes of Providence And mix among the friends of human race. EpiiHe to Mr. C a K cr at Bath. As promijed in our la ft, AMIDST the pleafures that attend At Bath, my worthy honed friend, If unexpected I intrude, Forgive me, and not think me rude. • Epilogue to Pope*j Satires, Dialogue I, *753- Intent at firft my zeal to prove,1 And (hew at once efteem and 'love* I thought, dear Cr nm-r, to difclof* My fentiments in languid profe $ But gath'ring from acquaintance taag How much you're fmtt with love of footy 1 thought a verfe, as more refin'd, Would be more grateful and aa kind 3 And ie> again ft my reafon chafe, To pleafe my friend, t'invoke die Mufe* You've read, no doubt, and may admire^ Of country farmer and the 'fquire -j- j How John to London city went, So fee the 'fquire and pay his rent 3 ow 'fquire, delighted to behold His tenant's face, and touch the gole% Amid ft a fet polite and fine Would force the farmer in to dine- No pcrfon can a ftation grace Who has not talents for the place.—* No wonder then that John is found Tiie butt and jeft of all around ; For whilft he tries his wit t 'enhance* With more than ufual complaifance. He but his want of fenfe difdos'd, And finds himfelfi the more expos'd* So I, perhaps, with heavy fturT, In profe might come or? well enough. Put driving, void of grace and fear* To pleafe with rhyme your nicer ear. May fheW myfelf the more a fool, Juft objedt, of jour ridicule. Oft I revolve, devoid of ftrife, Th' amufements of fcholaftick lift ; (Bleft ftate ! where joy and truth abound? And pleafures, void of cares, are found.] And there the learned page explore, And con our quondam leflons o'er : Or, from the hours of durance free^ To ev'ry heart glad liberty, Unknown to ficknefs, care, or pais* Contend at cricket once again : Or, bleft beyond our greatcft hope, When favour'd with a wider fcope, With you, with Bullock, Turner, ftrayj Where Norwood- hills invite the way j At Allen's tir'd fometimes regale, With wine, or punch, or buns arid ale* Ah ! Turner, much lamented youth, Adorn'd with learning, virtue, truth, Had fate permitted longer flay, Nor fnatch'd thee from thy friends awag* Thou (houldft liavefilTd fome nobler place* Thy country's ornament arud grace 1 Receive,, thou dear departed (hade. This tribute to thy mera'ry paid ; And may it, while it fpeaks thy fame. Tell how I love, revere thy name. The days of pleafures part, 1 weet* Are in the recollection fweet : O ! may fucct pdmg days reflecl A pleafure ftHI In retrofpecl ; And leave no bitter thought behind, To ruffle or drflurb the mipd : That 13 1. f Vi** Tfte Farmer'* Blunder. A tale* Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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Poetical Est ays in NOVEMBER, 1753- 5*9 That when (hall come the final day, When we the debt of nature pay, We may refign without a tear, Have much to hope, but nought to fear. The clofing of poor Turner's eyes Has led my Mufe to moralize j Forgive me, if 1 call anew His image, Cr-nm-r, to your view, And caufe you freflily to deplore Your friend and mine, alas, no more ! Sometimes, when bufinefs will admit, I fearch the regifters of wit : To hiftory I'm often led, Thtre view the a&ions of the dead : By this inftrucl ive fcience fliewn, From others faults I learn my own. Or, to poetic flights inclin'd, When time permits, and Mufe is kind, In rhyme I trifle out an hour, And fing in verfe of Nature's Power : To love-fick damfels friendly prove, And fcribble out a Cure for Love ; Or, thro* imagination's aid, Enraptured court fome painted maid. Amufements like to thefe, I find, Enlarge th' ideas of the mind, Afford niore pleating fweet content, Than hours in riot, taverns fpent. Whilft I a vacant hour employ, To give you pain, or give you joy, Methinks with fancy's airy flight, I fee you m th* aflembly bright, With eafy lightfome ftep advance, Rejoicing in the mazy dance : Or elfe with beaux and belles fit down. To play at cards for half a crown, Till, captiv'd by fome beauty's art, You lofe your cam, or lofe your heart. I thought t'enquire your gay deflgna, And health at firfl in twenty lines j Bnt foon as e'er I could begin, Thought upon thought came crouding in, And drove me with fuch rapid force, I could not eas'ly flop my courfe. So boys in Thames their plea fu re take, One ftep, and then another make, TiB quite depriv'd at length of ftay, They're carry 'd by the tide away. But not to lead you more about, Nor weary quite your patience out, If a few minutes you can fpare From your attention to the fair, I fbould be glad to have a letter, In verfe, or profe if you think better s— Mow grand the balls, how fine the place, How fijay and fplendid fhines his grace j How Na/h, diversions all his care, AfTec*ls of youth the fprightly air : How hearts to conquer beauties try, And throw around th* alluring eye, To mc> if willing, you might fend Who am your fervant and your friend. Vaux-Hill, April 3, 1753. J— -11 M«—\V8—Y. November, 1752* FUVIA, OVOU, that baflc in fortune's fmiJet* « Unclaim'd of me her favours (hare ! No thirft of wealth my heart beguiles^ For wealth is haunted ftill by care. Unbounded rule, and wide domains, Be yours, ye feepter'd fons of Jove : ^ Let fame, ye .chiefs, reward your paint, And drip for you the laurel grove 1 The pomp of courts, the glitt'ring hour, Be freely your*, ye filken band : Be yours, the height of envy's pow'r, That wi(h to grafp ambition's wand. Be mine (far greater blifs I feck) My Flavia's gentle heart to gain j To mark her lovely glowing cheek, Betray the foft extatick pain. Be mine, beneath fome poplar's made, A filver riv'let trickling by, To clafp the dear enchanting maid, And pour my vows with many a figh. There let me oft with pleafing toil Select each flow' ret of the brook j Be hers the filken fragrant fpoil ! Be mine a fweet regardful look ! There oft with fancy gay and free, Attune for her the dorick lay '. Her blooming charms the fubjett be ! Her tender kifs the fong repay ! And O ye nymphs that trip the vale ! Ye fauns and all ye fylvan pow'rs ! Kind wifhes breath in ev'ry gale, And blefs a flame fo pure as ours. S— mire, Thyisis* Kov.7, 1753. B. From tbt Publics Aitzxtiseb. A PROLOGUE! Spoken by Mr, Bakrt in tbt Cbart&er «/ Romko, en Mifs Konsnl^s Jirfl A^» pt&ring on tbt Stage, • WHO could have thought that Juliet e'er cou'd prove Falfe to her Romeo, faithlefs to her love ? She! on whofe voice the raptur'd audience hung, Caught with th'angelic mufic of her tongue j Whofe native tenderneftfo ofthasxhann'd, Whofe grief affli&ed, and whofe rage alarm'4, Deaf to her vows, and to her Romeo's calls, Has fled, alas ! from our Verona's walls. In fuch fad plight what cou'd poor Romeo do ? [anew ; Why, faith, like modern lovers, feek And happy mail I think me in my choice, If 'tis approv'd of by the public voice. Trembling fhe now prepares to tread «> the ftage, fpage, / Soft as thatluliet drawn in Sha kef pear's r As inexpenene'd too, and jufc her age. J X * x ^hen Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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Peelical Ess ays in NOVEMBER, 53o Then (he has one Arong mark of merit too, A modeA awe and reverence for you. And, tho* the trial's dreadful (he muft make, 'ffUke, Where fortune, fame, and evVy hope'* at Yet thefc, and more, to you (he'll freely trtiA, fjuA. Forwell me knows you're candid as you're Tnen let her all your foft indulgence find j To growing merit partially be kind. Q pity her diAreGs, her youthful fears, When *midA this gating circle Ihe appears, And, robb'd of ev'ry Pow'r, contus'd ihe Aands, [hands A thousand critick mouths, a thoufand All ready to deftrcy her— file may think ; Then roufe her dioc;>u)g lpirits ere they fink. fp!:iufe, So from the genial w.irmth of your ap- BeAow'd thus early in our Julian riurc, Hereafter mould you fee this Bud of love * A beauteous flow'r i>» full perftcTion prove, Rais'd by the favour that yourfelvcs have (hewn, [own. You %hcn may claim her merit as your On the Death of the Rt. fan. L*rd k'ljaunt Coke. fot* f; 439.) WEE muft refign j but /hail our ho- nour'd friend. In mournful fiknee to the grave defcend ? No heart-Aung bard, with gen'rous friend- (hip fiVd, To ring thofe talents we fo late admir'd : Say, weeping grates, mufes, virtues, dy j No lyre yet Arung to raife the plaintive lay: And muft this talk be mine, whofe num- bers long [fong j Have ceas'd to flow, and modulate in Confcious of what they owe, the Nine commend/ [friend. And where the poet fails, will aid the And here, departed made, from me re- ceive [give, The dropping tear that %o thy worth I Poor humble tribute j but 'tis all we have [grave. To pay the peaceful urn, the ft lent Gone ! he is gone ; alas ! but with htm fled A heart as hone A, and as clear a head, A foul from laws and liberty as found, As ever Bri^qn warm'd, or Roman, crown' d. [ing's maze, Whether his parts we trace thro' learn- Or from the fenate catch the founding praife, [wick's caufc, "When midA the patriot banJs f in Brunt- He tells his count. y what rebellion was ; With nervous Aren&th to ey'ry paffion fpeaks, [makes : And all his <av r his counriy*s fufT rings * A /,;/ Jy up n the words (f J 'diet in tbefirfl a& ; N %T,ms bvd cf !cvc, by fummrrs ripening breath, Mtj prove a b-autt*tiifazi}yr9 when next tve meet. -\ He vas ent rf ;U ;n j nr.gr. tf*r tL I. oufc cfUrnmini at tie trial •/ the rebel /crdu 1753- Alike in parts and principles approved* • A fubject worthy of the king he !ov'd. Or let the mufe to private life defcend, And leave the patriot for the focial friend, In private lite we Aiil admire again, The fine companion, and the well-bred man. Alike each Aatjon did his parts adorn ; Alike the patriot and the friend we mourn. Such was thy worth, O Coke, in this de- generate age, [nian rage. Spite of donieAick wrongs, and Caledo- R. B. On Travelling xvitb a Lady. AS at my prttty pilgrim '6 fide, A Jon;; the CJtry day $ A timorous, but a faithful guide, I chofe the dubious way { WiU) ar.xious care, and watchful pace, The imootheA paths I trod ; Contriving pkafant tales to eafe The tedious irkfome road. I told of gallant knight.s, who fir'd By gently ladies eyes, To moic than mortal feats afptr*d, Their love the precious pri?c. I watch/d from far the black'ning Aorn% And wafted off the" air, That orefs'd with rude afiault to harm My fearful traveller. Now ftoppinp, with unheeded Aealth, I catch'd her wand'ring eyes, Whilft the dear queAion of her health, A kind pretence fupplies. To profpecl6 that from far invite, I teach her eyes to roam, While laviihV wkh no other fight, I feaft my own at home. If chance fome lonely cot I fpy 5 Retreat of happy pair ; I figb, and fay, how bleA were I, Was Caclia miArefc there. When thro' fome Aragling town we go, Their honeA joy I (hare 5 As round the gaping rufticks bow, In homage to my fair. Thus for fo dear a partner's fake, Might \ for ever rove. And life's long tedious journey make A pilgrimage of love. Extempore on Capt. Clivi'i Arrived. i RITA IN rejoice ! victorious Cliv? re torn s ! But how, alas ! deferted Afia mourns ! Dupleix exults in India's haplefs fate. And Gallia triumphs in her wluVd for flate: Yet fear not, diAant India ! Aillhis arms Shall Europe awe, and five thee from alarms. TH? B1 Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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THE Monthly Chronologer. The fi/fovvittg Inflance of the Effefr of arbi- trary P<nu:r tt of too great Importance h be omitted. From the Public Advertiser. fARIS, Nov. 16. The chamber of vacations, which fat at the convent oi the Aueuftins, havine compleated the term of its commiflion, the dif- ference between the clergy and parliament being ftill in the fame ftate, and the high chamberof the parliament of Paris being at prefent banimed to Soiflbns, the king has beenpUafed to cftabh/h a royal chamber, by letters patent, in form of a declaration, dated the nth in ft, whofe tenor is as follow?, Lewis, fire. One of the principal duties of kings is to adminifter juftice to the people whom Providence has intruded to their care ; and as they cannot in perfon difcharge that office, they are obliged to com million fuch as are capable of exe- cuting it, and taking the burthen from them. The parliaments have been charged with the exercife of this part of our au- thority j and we experienced the utility of their fervice whilft they did not exceed the powers we entrufted them with, and aflidu ufly difchaiged their functions, agreeable to wliat they owed to us, to our people, and to themfelves. We have feen with regret, for fome time, our parlia- ment of Paris departing from thefc prin- ciples, and forgetting this eflential duty. On the 5th of May laft they refolved to fufpend their ordinary fervice: On May 7, they refufed to obey the letters patent we fent them, enjoining them to refume it ; and wh«n we transferred them to Pontoife, at the fame time that they tc- } jittered the declaration of their tranf- ation, they renewed the arrets which deprive our fubjects of the. neceifary a£ fiitance of juftice. We bore with this •behaviour till the end of the ufual fittings of our parliament* in hopes that time and their own reflections would bring them back to their duty* : But our views, in this refped, not having the fucceis we defired, and finding ourfelves under a ne- ioflity of providing, during the vacation, for the adminiftration of juftice, already too long fufpended, we could not entruft it to magistrates belonging to a body who ftffdfed to adminifter it j we therefore made choice of fome perfons of our coun- cil to fupply »hcir ptace. The term of their commiflion being expired, it is, become ueceifcry to ltdore the ufual courfe of julticc in ito whole extent s Which v e have thought could not be better effected, tlun by nominating for that purpofe all the magistrates belonging to our council, whofe ftation and employ- ments ate not incompatible with the office we atfign them. For thefe caufes, and other confedera- tions us thereto moving, by advice of our council, and of our ovVn certain know* ledge, full power, and royal authority, we declare, and ordain as follows. 1. By thefe prefents, figned with our hand, we eftabljfh a court of juftice, which lhall be called the Royal Chamber, and fit in our caftle of the Louvre. 2. The faid cham- ber mall take cognizance of all matters, whether civil, criminal, or regarding the police, which are cognizable, by' our court of parliament of Paris, whether in the firft inftance or by appeal from inferior courts 5 giving our faid royal chamber lull power and jurisdiction for that effect j and enjoining all inferior courts to ac- knowlege its authority, and execute its arrets, ordonnances, judgments, and man* dates. 3. Our faid royal chamber fhali con A ft of the fieurs le Fevre d'Ormiffon* Tachereau de Baudry [and fixteen others] counsellors of our council of itate and privy council 5 and of the fieurs Ponchcr, Mahoul [and thirty-eight others] maftere of requells in ordinary to our houfhold 1 And the other matters of 1 equefts, who ere not denominated in this article, mall do the fervice of the requefts during the whole year, without diftinction of quarter. 4, 5. We commiflion M. Bourgeois de Boynes, matter of requefts, to execute the office of attorney general; M. Feydeau de Brou and Amelot, alfo mafters of re quefts to exe-» cute the offices of advocates general in our faid royal chamber j and M. de Vetry to be greffier in chief both for the civil and criminal, empowering him to draw up and iffue all the necef- fary writings, any edicts to the con- trary notwithftanding. 6. The ufhdrs ©f Our council and chancery, and of the re* quefts of the houfhold, iliad ferve our faid royal chamber. 7. The advocates in our councils fhall plead in the faid chamber* 8. The attorney- general of the royei chamber (hall compel the g refers of the X X X a par- Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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53a 7& MONTHLY CHRONOLOGER. Nor. parliament, even by corporal punifhment, to deliver up to the greffier of the cham- ber all writings, Ac. relating to criminal proccfles. 9. The parties are alfo hereby empowered co withdraw their papers, Sec. and the royal chamber (hall compel the persons who have them in cuftody to de- liver them up. 10. We moA exprefly prohibit all perfons from carrying any ceufe, of the competence of the parlia- ment of Paris, before any other court, than the laid royal chamber, under pain of nullity with cods and damages. 11. We moreover referve to ourfelves tlie making rach regulations as we (hall judge neceflary for the interior fervice and order of the faid chamber. So we command e*r trufty and well-beloved the Sieurs le Fevre d'Ormeflbn, &c. that thefe prefents they caufc to be read, published, and re- tjiAer'd: and that the contents thereof they obierve and obey, according to their form and tenor, any ordonnance, t6\€t, declaration, arret, regulation, or ufage to the contrary (which we hereby annul) notwithftanding. For (uch it our plea- fore,*:. Left Tuefday this chamber was opened by a folemn mafs performed in the queen's chapel at the Louvre, at which the chan- cellor, and all the members of the royal chamber affiled. The chamber afterwards held its firft fitting, and registered the letters patent eftablifliing it. Fkiday, Nov. a. The anniversary of the birth of her roy- al htghnefs the princefs of Orange, his majetty's eldeil daughter, was celebrated, when her royal highnefs entered into the 44th year of her age. TevatDAY, 2. His majefty, with the whole court, came from Kenfington - palace to St. James's for the winter feafon. The Britannia, Capt. George Davis, bound to Philadelphia, ran on the Wool* pack, and the (hip and cargo were entire- ly Ml, except two anchors which were saved by the affiftance of boats,* as were tome of the paflengers. The people drowned on board the above (hip are, ♦George Davis, commander $ Tames Davis, fbn to the captain, a youth about 15 years of age $ William Currie, Michael Dung- can, John Leave, teamen j Mrs. Leave, wife of the above John Leave, who died in her hufband's arms : 4 Dutch. women, and 3 Dutch-men j (b that 1* were drown- ed and 13 (aved, there beuig a6 perfont on board. The captain was warned over- board. Ft 1 day, 9. Thlt morning, about 5 o'clock, a fire broke out in the houfe of Mr. Ayre*s, a cheefcmongcr, the corner of Rote-lane, Spital-hclds, which confumed the fine, with his furniture, dock in trade, Ac and part of the houfe of Mr. TuHy, ad- joining. Mr. Conftabse and his wife, with Mrs. Jones, who were lodgers in the houfe, were burnt to death by the up- per part of the houfe falling in. The Rt. Hon. Edward fronfide, Efqi the new lord- mayor, was fworn in at Weftminfterwith theufual folemnity. His lordJhip being greatly indifpofed with the gout, was carried to and from Weftmin- fter in a fedan chair, Mr. alderman Bezm fupplying. his place in the barge and in the ftate coach, who alfo acTed for him afterwards, as his locum taum. Satuspay, 10. His majefty's birth- day was celebrated with the ufual rejoicings, when his ma- jefty entered into the 71ft year of his age, being the oldeft prince that ever fat on the Englim throne, no king or queen af England having ever attained to that age. WXDKESDAT, I4. Mr. William Bridges of Clapham, the fbte executor of~Houlton Woolley, late of the fame place, Efqj deceafed, paid the treafurer of St. Thomas's hoCphal loooli devifed by the faid Mr. Wooltey's will to the governors for the ufe of that hofpiral. Thusshay, 15. His majefty went to the houfe of peers with the ufual (late, and opened the tefl- on of parliament with a moft gracious fpeech from the throne to both houfe*. (See p. 492.) Fbiday, 16. The Rt. Hon. the houfe of peers pte- femed their addrefs to his majefty for his moft gracious fpeech. (See this addreft with the king's anfwer, p. 493.) At a court of common-council at CuiW- hall, a motion was made, that the thanks of that court mould be prefented to the late lord mayor $ which being read, was, after fome debate and alterations made therein, agreed to, and ordered by the court to be copied by the town -clerk, and prefented to Sir Crifp Gafcoyne, Kau The following is a copy of it 3 " That the thanks of this court be giv* en to the Rt. Hon. Sir Crifp Gafcoyne, Km. late lord mayor, for his diligent at- tendance to, and faithful difcharge of the duties of that high office : For his Heady perfeverance In the caufe of juftice, his generous protection of the dtttrels'd, and his remarkable humanity : For the many generous Inftances of his benevolence, and great regard to his fellow citixeoa j and for fupportmg the dignity of chief magi- ftrare with the utmoft fplendor and mag- nificence : For giving at all timet ear) se- eds Digitized.by VjOOQ iC

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MARRIAGES, DEATHS, &c. *753- «efs to hU perfon 5 and for determining ♦n every occafion with the greateft can- dour, ability, aud integrity.*' Saturday, 17. The Rt. Hon. the houfe of commons prefented their addreft of thanks to hit tnajefty for hit moil gracious fpeech from Che throne. (See p. 493.) , Monday, 26. The ftate lottery began drawing this day at Guildhall. There were accounts from feverai parts of the country, of the diftemper being broke out again among the homed cattle. The bill for repealing the Jews ad has pafied both houfes. Wednbsbat, *8« Thomas RawlinJbn, Efq} alderman of Broad- ft reet ward, was chofen lord may- or of this city for the remainder of the year, in the room of the Rt. Hon. Ed- ward Iroafide, Efq; the late lord-mayor, deccafed. (See the Deaths.) Explanation •ftbe Stationers Almanack. The head-piece represents the French herald petitioning the brave Henry V, king of England, for leave to bury the dead, after the famous battle of Agio- court, fought in 1415* between 16,000 Englifh and 100,000 French, who were entirely routed ; their general the confta- ble d'Albert, the duke of Alenfon, feve- rai other princes and great men (lain, and the dukes of Orleans and Bourbon, with many other perfons of diftinction, were among the prisoners : The total lofs of the English not amounting to above 400 men. Mariiacks *nd Births. MAJOR James Molefworth, of gen. Fowkes's reg. of foot, to the Hon. Mifs Molefworth, eideft daughter of the Rt. Hon. lord vifc. Molefworth. Nov. *. Martin Bridges, Eft); of Ham in Eflex, to Mifs Brougliton. ■ ■ ■ Murray, Efqj fon to lord George Murray, heir to the duke of Athol, to lady — Murray, his grace's daughter Baron Stark, a nobleman of Germany, ' to Mifc Ogle, fitter to lord Kingfton. Jofleph Terril, Efqx to Mifs Charlotte Wright, of the ifle of Wight. Major Noel, of the (ccoad reg. of foot- guards, to Miss Adams, of Cavendtm- fquare, 15. *- Allen, Eiq; maAer builder of Woolwich-yard, to Mifs Corbet t. 18. Dr. Monro, phyucian to Betlilem- hotoital, to Mils Betty Smith, of Hadley in Middlesex. 11. EartofShrewlbury, to Mils Dormer, of Grove-parjc io ^farwickihire. 53$ Jerome Strickland, Efq; to lady Gaf- coign, relitl of the late Sir Edward Got* coign, Bart. 27. Rev. Mr. Thomas Jones, chapkia of St. Saviour's, Soumwank, to Mifs Jane Bateman, daughter of capt. Bateaan. Nov. 2. The lady of Sir Richard Adams, knt. one of the barons of the Exchequer, delivered of a fon. 3. The lady of Sir Henry Monro, of a daughter, in Scotland. The lady of col. Whethim, of a ion. 4. The lady of Philip Jennings, £fi|a of a daughter. 6. The lady of Sir Thomas Hatton, Bart, of a Ton and heir. 12. The lady of Sir James Hobart* Bsrt. of a fon. 13. The lady of Sir James Mikoa, of a fon. 19. The lady of Sir Sidney Clark, Bart* of a fon and heir. Diathi. Oa. 26.QIR Jofeph Datrvers, Bait, foc- O ceeded by his only fon, now Sir John Danvcrs, Bart. 28. William Monfon, Efq; uncle %o the lord Monfon, and one of the comraiffi- oners of the revenue in Ireland. William Smith, Efq; under fecretary b> the matter- general of the ordnance. 29. Richard Herbert, Efq; aged 90, reprefentative for Bodmin in Cornwall kk the two laft parliaments of Q^Anne. 30. Kyffin Williams, Efq; member of parliament for the town of Flint. Dr. Purccl, an eminent phyfician ac Dublin. Lieut, col. George Walfli, of col. Rich's reg. of foot, at Minorca. Charles Browne, Efq; eoonfellor at law, at his feat at Bay -hall near Ton- bridge. Nov. a. Stephen Wright, Efij; former- ly recorder of Buckingham. Rev. Dr. James Fofter, an eminent dif- feting minifter of this city, well known for his learned and judicious writings* 6. Rev. Dr. John Hay, many years vi- car of St. Stephen, Coleaaau-ftreet* 7. Dr. Bamber, father in-law so Sir Crifp Gafcoyne, Knt. late lord-mayor. 8. Samuel Afliurft, Efq; formerly an eminent whoklak ftationcr in Patar-oof- ter-row. 20. Lord vifc. Allan, capt. of a troop of horfe in col. Browne's reg. in Ireland. Sir Henry Tempeft, tart, of Tong in Yorkshire. 12. William Herbert, Ifq; of Kettering* in Nortruunptonmtre. Sir Harry Hicks. Van. at CatgweJI, in Eflbx. >4> Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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534- PROMOTIONS, BANKRUPTS, &c. Nov. 14. John AHert Pufey, of Pufey, in Berks, Efq; Edward Vernon, jun. Efq; * Turkey merchant. i6. John Hope, Efq; one of the direc- tors of the Eaft- India company. 15. Lady Lombe, relic! of the late Sir Thomas Lombe, knt. and alderman of London. to. Lieut, gen. John Johnfon, col. of a reg. of foot. Mr. Colin Drummond, profefTor of Greek in the univerfity of Edinburgh. 20. Nicholas Mann, Efqj mafterof the Charterhoufe, and F. R. S. 21. Robert Wright, Efq; one of the coroners for the county of Middlefex. 24. Edmund Pytts, P.fq; member of parliament for Worcefterfhire. J. Weftby, Efqj counfellor at law. 27. Right Hon. Edward Ironfidc, Efqj lord mayor of London, and Alderman of Cord warners ward, (See p. 532.) Ecclesiastical Pi in* mints. J Ames Hewetfon, M. A. prefenred by the earl of Stamford, to the rectory of Shetworth in Staffordshire.— Mr. Wilkin - fon, by the lord vifcount Fauconberg, to the curacy of Coxwold, endowed with the rectory of Rafkelf.— Mr. Robert Eux- nings, by the lord chancellor, to the rec- tory of Elbe, in the city and diocefe of Oxford. — —Heath, M. A. by his majefty, to the rectory of Lineham in Wilefliire.— Mr. Button, by the earl of Pembroke, to the reftory of Newton in Wiltmire.— Ro- bert Englifti, M. A. by the mafter and fellows of Emanuel college, Cambridge, to the living of St. Andrew Ilkcrfall, in Suffolk.— Mr. Hayes, by the lady Hay,' to the living of Wefton Adderley, in Ncr- thamptonttiire. — Mr. Armes, by the hen. Charles Verney, Efq; to the vicarage of Lumley cum Adby, with the chapel of Eaft Wetfton.— Richard Gregory, M. A. to the reclory of Stoke Abbots in Norfolk. —Mr. Arnold, by the countefs dowager of Litchfield, to the rectory of Sutton in Hampfhire. — Mr. Venn, unanimoufly chofenone of the lecturers of St. Swithin's, London Stone. — Samuel Smith, B. D. prefented to the rectory of Nefworthy in YerWhire.— Mr. John Belward, by the lord chancellor, to the rectory of Burgh- caftle in Suffolk. — Thomas Moore, B. A. to the vicarageof St. Cloud's in Cornwall. Promotions Civil and Military. From the London Gazztti. WHITEHALL, Oft. t6. The king has appointed Arthur Owen, Efq; to be governor cf* Pendennis-caftle. — Patrick Douglafs, Efqj to be town major' of the town and garifon of Pbrtfmcroth. — Gabriel Ie Pipre, Efq; to be captsin c( the independent company of invalids do- ing duty in the caftle and garifon of f*en- dennis. — George Carr, Efq; to be cap- tain in the regimen? of invalids, com- manded by col. John Parfons.— George Tarn, Efq, to be lieut. in the third re- giment of foot guards. — WalterBurroughs, gent, to be lieut. in the third regiment of dragoon guards. Whitehall, Nov. 3. The king has ap- pointed George Adams, Efq; a com- miflfioner, in 'quality of a principal of- ficer of his majefty's navy, in the room of William Corbett, Efq; deceafed.— Frederick Rogers, Efq; a commrfliocrr, in quality of a principal officer of fcis majefty's navy, for the affairs of his ma- jefty's yard at Plymouth, in the ror.-n of Philip Vanbrugh, deceafed. — Thomas Bland, A.M. vicar of Wendovrr, toSenwf- ter of the free-fchool of Bcrkhamrlead, in the county of Hertford, of the founda- tion of king Edward VI. Whitehall, Nov. 17. The king has ap- pointed lieut. gen. Humphry Bland to be commander of all the land forces in Scot- land, in the room of George Churchill, Efq; deceafed. From the other Papers. Rev. Mr. Torriano, fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, chofen Hebrew pro- feflbr of that Univerfity.— Rev. Dr.Gecrje Hudde&ford, prefident of Trinity college, and keeper of the Ammo lean Mufeum in Oxford, admitted and fworn vice-chan* cellorof that univerfity.— Edward Haw- ley, Efq; made a captain in col. Howard's regiment. — Lord Tyrawley, made go- vernor of Minorca. — Claude Crefpignr, Efq; chofen fecretary to the South-Sea company. — Mr. Edmund Wilfon, made clerk of the errors in the court of com- mon-pleas.--L0rd Charles Hay, ma* col. of the rCg. of foot on the Irifli efta- Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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The Monthly Catalogue /or November, 1753. 535 Divinity and Controversy. 1. /% N Examination of Lord Boling- r\ broke's Letters on Hiftory, pr. as. Sigley. 2. A Diflertation on the natural State of the human Body and Soul, pr. is. Robin fon. 3. Remarks on Eccletiafttcal Hiftory, Vol. III. and laft. By J. Jortin, M. A. pr. 5s. in Boards. Whifton. 4. Eifays on feveral Divine Subjecls, pr. 4s. 6d. Millar. History, Sciencis, &c. 5.^The Ruins of Palmyra, pr. 3I. 10s. in Sheets. Millar. 6. A TreatUe on the Scurvy. In 3 Parts. By J. Luid, M. D. pr. 6s. Millar. 7. Curious Remarks c.xtracled from the Hiftory of the Royal Academy of Sci- ences. By Dr. P. Templeman, pr. 6s. Davis. 8. * An hiftorica) Account of the Rri- tifli Trade over the Cafpian Sea. By Jonas Han way. In 2 Vols, in 410. pr. il. 10s. Hitch. 9. * Britannia. By William Camden. Pubhined with large Additions, by Dr. Gibfon, in 2 Vols. Folio. Miscellaneous, to. The political Teftament of Cardi- nal Alberoni, pr. 5s. Nouife. 11. A Catalogue of Seeds and Roots, pr. is. Webb. 12. Dialogues on fome important Sub- jects. By Mr. Vernet, pr. 2s. Millar. 13. A Letter concerning Naturalizati- ons. By J. Tucker, A. M. pr. 6d. Trye. 14. Remarks on Mr. Tucker's Letttr, pr. 6d. Withers. 15. Tl»e Queftion, pr. as. 6d. Roberts. 16. Observations on the fundamental Laws of England. By G. Horfeman, Efqj pr. *«. Baldwin. 17. Count Saxe*s Plan, for new mo-, dulhng the French Army, &c. pr. 3s. Oibornc. 18. A new Pantheon. By S. Boyce, A. M. pr. 3s. Newberry. 19. A Letter to the Rev. Mr. Delafaye, in Anfwcr to his Sermon againft Inocula- tion. By N. Bolaine, Surgeon, pr. 6d. Baldwin. 20. The Daily Journal for 1754 ; or, Gentleman and Tradesman's methodical Accompt-Book for the Pocket : With gieat Alterations and Improvement* Printed on a. fine writing Paper, and exactly ruled for Accounts, Appoint- ments, Memorandums, &c. pr. neatly bound is. 6d. with PocJ«;ts for Notes and Letters. Baldwin* 21. UniverM pocket Bcok, for 175J, pr. is, Manby. Poetry and Entertainment. 22. Familiar Letters on various Sub- jects of Bufinefs and Amufement. By £• Halifax, pr. is. Baldwin. 23. The Hiftory of Sir Charles Gran* difon, in a Series of Letters. Published from the Originals, by the Editor of Pa- mela and ClariiTa. The 4 Vols, in 8vo. pr. 17s. the izmo. pr. jos. 6d. in Boards. Kivington. 24. A Letter to Mifs Nofliter, pr. is. Owen. 25. The Hiftory of Lucy Wellert. Written by a Lady. In 2 Vols. pr. 6s. Baldwin. 26. Publick Virtue : A Poem, pr. 2s. 6d. Dodfley. 27. Poems on feveral Occafions. By Mr. William Whitehead, pr. 35. Dodfley. 28. The School of Woman, pr, 35. Robinfon. 29. The Stage-Coach. In 2 Vol*, pr. 6s. Oiborne. 30. Memoirs of the Life of Count Grammont. By Count Anthony Hamil- ton, pr. 3s. Vaillant. 31. Dean Swift's Gbdft, pr. ts. 32. The Vifion of Mirza, pr. is. Payne. 33. The Beau Philofopher, pr. 3s. Griffiths. 34. The Lover's Manual, pr. 3s. Hitch. 35. The Accompliihed Woman, pr. 6s. Dc3. Sir m on s. 36. Inoculation an indefenfible Prac- tice : A Sermon preached in the City of Canterbury, June 3 and 24, 1753. By T. Delafaye, A.- M. pr. 6d. Cooper. 37. A Sermon at the Aflizes at Nor- thampton, Aug. 2, 1753. By J. Fiflier, M.A.pr. 6d. Whifton. 38. A Sermon at the Vifitation of the Bifhop of Exeter at Barnftable, July 9, 1753. By J. Elworthy, M. A. pr. Bd. Birt. 39. The Excellency of the Knowledge of Chrift. By S. Chandler, pr. 6d* Noon. 40. A Sermon at Bratton in Wilts. By J. Stennett, pr. 6d. Ward. 41. A Sermon on the Death of Mary Brown. By Lewis Wayman, pr. 6d. Keith. 42. A Srrmon at St. George's Hanover- Square, Och 28, 1753. By the Rev. Mr. Winftanlcy, pr. 6d. Brindley. 43. A Sermon before the Lord Mayor, Sept. 3. 1753. By \V. Cockayne, B. D. pr. 6d. MeaHowo. 44. A Sermon in Defence of the Jews, preached at Huntin«;Hon, Oct. :8, 1753. By P. Peckard, A. M. pr. 6d. Dsvis. Digitized by VjOOQ iC

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CONTENTS. OF the complexion, features md ftiape of men of different climate* 539 Of the force of example, together with an excellent characler 540, 541 The epilogue fpoken after Teience's Eu- nuch, performed at the king's fchedar* dotmitory at WeAminfter 541,541 An EnglUh translation cf the fame 542 A proper reply to the bifhop of Montau- ban's late Mandate to his clergy, re- flecting on the Aate of England fincc .the reformation 54a A dtfcription.of the ifles of Jerfey, Guern- sey, Aldcrney, andSark 543, 544 The Jcurkal of a learned and political Clue, &c. continued 545 — S remarks, &c, 559 — $6x Various motives for coming to town, - from the Wo»ld 562 That of a young lady the word of all ibid. B. Stories of Sir Godfrey Kneller, and Mr. Pope 563 An account of the late Rev. Dr. Fofter and his writings 563, 564 Extra els from a pamphlet, intitled, A rood eft defence of gaming, dcfigned humoioufly to expofc that pernicious vice 565 Story of Almct the deivife, from t r Allegro and il Penferofo ibid. An allegory, attempting to explain the theory of vegetattoo ; from Mr. Dod- fley's Puhlic Virtue 57* Nanny of the vale, of Wefterham in Kent 574 Prologue to the new tragedy of Boadkaa ibid. Epilogue to the fame 575 Prologue to the Roman Revenge, a tra- gedy by the late Aaron Hill, Efqj ibid. An evening contemplation in a college, being a parody on the elegy in a country church-yard ibid* On the death of a lady's fquirrel pj Occasioned by the late marriage of a young lady out of Eflcx, now (ertled with her fpoufe at St. Ives Ibid. Extempore -on a drawing of the counsels of Hertford's, &c. ibid. The Month l y Cm a on 01. 06 1 a 57S A barbarous murder ibid. William Alexander, Efq; elected alderman ibid. Princefs of Wales's birth-day celebrated ibid. Malefactors executed ibid. New lord mayor fworn in at the Tower ibid. A murderer condemned and executed ibid. Seflions at the Old Bailey ibid. A lift of the truftees appointed by act. of parliament for the Britiftt mufeum, and 1 5 ethers elected in purfiiance of the ad 579 Act for repealing the Jew* act, and other acta palfed ibid. Marriages and births ibid. Deaths fcid, Ecclcbaftical preferments 5S0 Promotions civil and military 581 Perfons declared bankrupts ibid. FoaaicN Affairs 5(2 A catalogue of books 5S3 Price* of ftocks and grain j wind, wea- ther 5I4 Monthly bill of mortality ibid* :ff>tnd<«:s, form §f which will a* in air Appen- Ab-vt the Middle <?/ January wV h PUiijid, A N APPBVDIX to the LONDON M A G A Z 1 N E- for 17c*. with a 7-\ Beautiful FRONTISPIECE, a Genr^l Tirta curtoufly tnfrVvtd, e*n- picat Jxrrxxs, and ftjveral otter TMi.gs, WeflSrj fob* bound up wiih ibe Vokm* Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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THE London Magazine. DECEMBER, 1753. middle region. the 30th 5 and after the yellow bile min- gles with the black, they are of a greeniih caft ; till at la ft they become tawny, and under the tropicks entirely black. ■ The inhabitants of the moft northern regions are extremely pale and lean, red- haired, a clear &in, of a middle (rature, xion there U an amating a broad-flioulder'd, eyes of a fea- green, a variety produced by age- weak voice, but far from delicate. Trie Germans and English are generally fair. The northern differ greatly in their eyes from the fouthern people, thefe be- ing black eyed, whereas the eyes of the former are either of a fea-green, or a fky- Wue ; tnofe of the middle region again are not unlike goats eyes, of a dull brown Of tU Complexion, Featarts and Sbafe cf Mem tf different Climates, Taken /rem a Ao*, totaled, The Spirit of Nations, iranJUted from the F a x * c a. (See +> iy4.) f N men of the middle re- neral mixture j as it has been a coftom founded on nature, for men to leate the extremities of heat and cold for the Accordingly, it is in thefe countries that the Scytluans, Goths, Turks, Tartars, Arabs, Saracens and B yellow. The colour of the true German Carthaginians feated. thtmfelves. The VandaU alone pa&d over into Africa, and from thence were foon expelled, Neither the Saracens nor Romans pone* traced irud Scandinavia nor Ethiopia ; ac- cordingly, in this lift country the inhabi- tants are all like each other, th*ir teeth eye is deeper than a (ky-bluc, without any green or whitifh tinge 5 it has alfo fome thing of mildnefs ill it. The blue of the Scythians eye hat a mixture of white in it. The fea- green colour in the eye indicate* a hot conftitution 5 the brown yellow exceeding white, and a kind of fimofity Q are the keeneft of all j a goat is never in their features. The externals of men hi the eaftern countries are not fo eafily determined ; for there, China and Japan excepted, the perpetual circulation, the Health of the fine women and young Haves by the Tartars, Arabs and pirates, the marriages of the Turks and Peruana with the Circaffian and Georgian women, «FC LUC ITCCHVtb Wl «ll i i known to be blear eyed. The northern people are generally tall of ftature, with a white complexion, lank fandy hair, (ky- blue eyes, and very fanguine 5 the fouthern, 6n the contrary, are of a middle ftature, a brown com- plexion, black and curling hair, black eyes, weak legs, and deficient in blood. the recruits of the fovereign's officers for •L'The blood of the Scythians is grofs, like war and the feraglio, produce continual changes in the principles of the natural blood ; fo that the ju&eft reprefentation /which can be given of the figure of thefe people, muft be drawn from the com- monalty, whoic low circumftances would not permit an intermixture with foreign women, that of bulls and wild boars, whereat the fouthem blood it as thin as that of hares or flags. From 45 to 75 degrees there is an in • crcafe of the inward heat in men, and nature obferves the fame rule in the lower hemifphere, beyond the tropick of Capri- corn, the ftature of men lengthening the Under the tropicks men are quite black, £ further their region is from the equator, and by a contrary reafon under the ardick pole they are brown j from the a r click pole to Hie 60th degree, they contract a red- nc& ) from the 60th to the 45th they are pale ; from thence they alter to fair till December, 1753. of which the Patagonlans are an inftance ; and Afi ica, on the fame account, affords very iew herds of cattle, fcarcely any goats and (heep, and Uiefe yield little or no milk. Y y y * Beyond Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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£4 Complexion, &c. nf Men of different Climates. Dts. Beyond 75 the cold may be, faid to fcorch the bodies, not by the inward To the A UTHOR ef the L ON DO N hear, but by the very activity of the cold MAGAZINE, penetrating into the moft interior parts, SIR, and deftroyjng the humidity in bodies a* | T is on all hands agreed, that the pre- it does in plants, • - 1 valence of example is much greater The principle of this height of ftature than that of precept, whether it be to |s the heat and moifture with which thefe preform or corrupt the morals of mankind, people abound, a* tio the enermou? fea- Next to this, the recorded fives and cha- jnonfters j and to allay this beat it is, raclers of remarkable peifons muft be that they are fonder of liquors than of fo- allowed to have thtir weight and influ- lid foods. enc*. A* therefore the following account, To recapitulate the'fe feveral particulars, tho* but a fhort and fuperficial one, of . the fouthern people are cold in the inward a truly good and valuable young man pvts ; they are dry, hard, weak, with (who was cut off in the flower of bis age) very little hair on their bodies, of a low may poflibly furnim ufeful matter for re- Aatqre, curling hair, a dark brown flcin, B flection, and be of fome fervice, to the black eyes, • clear mellow voice 5 the younger part, efpecially, of the prefent northern are hot and moid, hairy, rob oft, or future times, intowhofe hands it may fair, tall, their flefh foft, their hair lank, happen to fat] j by giving it a place in their eyes blue, their voice deep and in- your Magazine, you will oblige, dined to 4 bale, Your con ftant reader, Set, A two-fold objection lies againft tbif On Sunday, Nov. 4, after a week's 31- p'efcripnon. You make the inhabitants n'efs, died at Drey ton, near Dartmouth in of the north robaft, and thofe of the (butb C Devon/hire, Mr. John Pering, M. A. and weakly ; yet, according to hiftorians, fellow of Exeter college in Oxford. By pl.ilofophers are in an error, and it is whofe death fociety in general, and hit the'e who are hardy, and the former are friends in particular, have fuftained an Weak and tender. inexpreflible lofi. He was a young gen- . in ortler to reconcile them» be 1% ob- tleman of good parts, and great induftry, ferved, that the northern people eafily and had made no fmall proficiency in frear fatigqe in cold countries, die nature moft branches of ufeful literature; e- whereof requires hard labour for their fpedaUy in the mathematicks, and thofe tillage and improvement ; whereas the ® parts of natural fcience, that either tend easiern foil is light, ftuitiul, and rich in to adorn, or are more Immediately Jer* natural advantages and ornaments. Nor- viceabJe to the ftudy of phyfick. For Tij-.-m men coming into a hot country, this profemon he was defigned; and in melt and hngiilh*j and as little can the this, had it pleafed God to have con- fouthcrn men bear the feverity of cold tinued his life, he would, in all proba- countife* j on this account the Spanifh bibty, have made a considerable figure, women call the German fifties. The —After taking his degrees in arts, and fjttr.tfs of their Heft), and thinneft of £ profecuting his ftudies fome few years at their (kin, makes the Flemings and Oxford, he removed to London, and for Ctlri, when in Italy, complain bitterly Of fome time attended St. Thomas's and St. the gnats and other-infects, which are lit- Bartholomew's hofpitals. From thence tie minded by the natives pf fbe cqun- he. travelled Into France, and was now try. returned to England with an intention of The abundance of moifture, or ftccity, prattifiog" phyfick, fo foon at he had taken ckars up another difficulty, which to Ta- a bachelor's degree in that faculty. citus feemed an incompatibility in the _. Nature had bleft him with a ch earful, temper of the Germans. They love ** lively difpoiition 5 and an open, charita- fioth, fays he* yet bate inaction ; war is ble and generous turn of mind. The .their delight, yet in time of peace they former of which was much ftrengthened cither fleep or feaft away the cay ; the and improved by the returns of a good principle of this fcemi-ig contradiction is confeienoe; and the latter by anacqoain- ' in the mixture of the inward heat with tance with the* beft authors ancient and jnoiiture j heat inciting them to a&jon inodetn, which he read with judgment. and motion, a« in children} but/ as in Ke was a bigot to no party but that of fhefe, through the abundance of moifture, Q truth and gopdneft ; and had contracted it i» looii fucceeded by remiflhefs and Ian- no prejudices but again ft vice and Im- guor j to tiiis it i* owing that the Spanir morality. Whether employed in ex.- nius aiid Italiaps eafilv icpulfed the Gauls amining the wonderful frame and flruc- ard Gcrm.-.ns, g iter flapping the vigour tu re of the human body, in contemplating of then £rft etfoits. tip fur-prizing grandeur and periodica! ♦ it- Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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ijr^J. <&* Excellent Character. 541 Evolutions of the bodies which compofe relation 5 but to remove all fufpicioo of tht folar fylleui, or carrying his re- this kind, let him remember, wc are nor featches into other Works of nature 5 he with felfifh views painting the fancied at no time was unmindful to make pro- qualifications of any great and poweriul per reflections on the adorable wifdom, perfon, ftill in being 5 but only paying power and goodnefs, which muft be the a debt juftly due to the memory of a late peculiar attributes of that Being, the truly deferving friend, who is now no wcrk of wliofe hands all thofe things / more. As the commonwealth is unfqr- were 5 who formed their feveial parts n tunately deprived of his ufeful prefence to fuch aflonifning beauty and proportion, and living example, we are willing to re- and adapted them to fuch a variety of pair, as well as we can, that lofst by givinf . wife and ufeful purpofes.— He was a fin- a true though faint delineation 0/ bis cere well-wiiher to ail mankind j a faithful many excellent virtues and good qualities, friend, and a true chriltian. And tho* The memory and the characters of great all, who had any the leaft knowledge good men mould ever be prefcrved and ef him, bore teftimony to the good cha- transmitted down to pofterity with the rafter he fo highly deferred ; yet his va- B utmoft care. This U a duty which they nous and extraordinary merit ftrone forth who have been acquainted with them, in its bnghteft colours to thofe alone who owe both to the deceafed, and to thofe Were molt intimately acquainted with that furvive them. — Upon reading the him t For he was one of the few who are ftories of wife and worthy predeceflbrs poflefled of much in trinfick worth, witli* (though they have been long laid low in out the 1e aft degree of oftentation ; and their graves,) the heart, if it be not who are more follicitous to deferve well altogether vitiated and deptaved, naty«* of tike woild, than to appear to do fo. q rally grows warm ; we contract a reve- To a cortftant and careful perufal of the rence for thtir characters, and grow en- tered fcriptnres having joined much fe- amoured of their virtues. Actuated by rious reflection, and a diligent and im- the ufeful hints their written examples partial examination of the learned la- fugged, how often have men of bad lives hours of feveral good divines, in order been induced ferioufly to confider their to Jatisfy himfelf in the moft important own follies and miftaken purfuits,. and points of religion, and that he might be to turn their feet from the dark and dan- able to give a reafon of the hope he en- geroys ways of vice and error, to the far tertained, he at laft made choice of the more fafe and pleafant paths of true wif- ufcful tracts of the good archbiiliop Synge Ddom ? wlulit the languid and lifelefs r«- lor the fubjecls of his daily meditation : jfolutions of the well-meaning but floth- Thefe he ufed to extol for that fpirit of ful fons of virtue iiave from the fame piety which runs thro* them, and the quarter received frefh fupplies of frrength, great perspicuity and familiarity with and they have been excited to purfue which they are written ; and by which with vigour the road that leads at*once» they arc fo wtll adapted to common ufe to their own felicity, and the good of and general edification. their fellow citizens. This indeed baa ever Upon the whore, we cannot without g been juftly efteemed one effectual method (heddinga tear reflect that, notwithfland- of initruction, and comes recommended ing all his excellencies, fo feldom united to us by the practice of our wifeft fore- in one man, he fo early in life underwent fathers.— If the fubject of the prefent the com.hon lot of humanity, in that he fhort and plain, but faithful narrative came up, and was cut down like a flower, mould in any meaAirc anfwer this great without continuing in one flay— he had end, it will give much real fa tis faction to put forth all the tender leaves of hope, thofe, who had once the happinefs of being and was juft blooming into peifcction, the friends of our good departed brother* when an inflammatory colick deftroytd In F and remain hearty well-wiftiera to the a few days To promifing a plant, and put community he has left behind him. a fudden and melancholy end to the growing expect <tions of all that knew The Epilogue fpoken on Wednefday night, him. — By this lad rtroke his relations and Dec. 11, after Terence's Eunuch, per* acquaintance are deprived of a very va- formed at the King's Sholars Dormitory liiahle friend and companion, and the at Weftminfter. JJy a young Gentle* world of a bright example of true un- man in the Character of Pythias. affected goodnefs, and every focial virtue, q From the few inftarccs of men of fo Enters reading the Ma»biacs Bill, much genuine merit in the preicnt age, TJT dandejiini pofibac ctjfcnt hymen*i ! '— the reader may perha; s be led to fufpeit Quidnam hoc eft moniln ?— Jam mem part at leaft el the ti uili of the p.eftat res aeitur. ' Jqgm Digitized by UOOQ 1C

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54* Epilogue to Te r e n cb*s Eu n uc 9, GV. Dec. Forfanethaecolim,cumfintconmibiacordi, What then? fuppofe a lata approve a Ad vosperrinearit: ft placet ergo, legam, youth, htprmh dceretum, xtt fatfa jugafia facrn And hearts united are by love and truth | Sht audits, tria ftr fabbata, di&atalam. Can ft be right our wifeacrcs (hould lay J*»rr» tpu* in totum mcMcm utfirt incohfavi, Such dilatory ftatutes in their way ? Dtiqut facrrdcti r.omtn uterfittfuam. Amid thefe hazards then what can be done? $riftn*i ? unit domt qxi Pttrt, et vuttre The time is (hort j the threatening day tnati t fa comes on. ffte to tXfi* tmdis bifcefavere veKnt : 'Tis now or never (cries my am'rous mate) Sin mbati far Hon vigintt mgtevcrit annas, E'er yet the gentle Hymen muts the gate. • T3*tr erit merttrix, progimejque wtbi. My rogue has play 'd the pimp— yet love* Hjfoomc tnattrris libertas aequa pueltls f but roe ; Usee vincla Hi/pane font graviora jugo. ' Then to reform him ftill my care ihaJl be* CWtti fint hat leges, quae virgo eft, virgo Well !— the Fleet chaplain o'er us (hall lap snanebtt 5 [malum. grace $ Quod procul a nobis fit procul ufque With tatter^) gown, and with a rugged face* quorfumnatn haec Sfenibus data tanta U- » And, if the place ye not defpife, I there cento, tanquam * Invite you all my nuptial feaft to (hare. Virgo nihil juris debet habere &i? ,».*>.%. •uidvero?juvenisphweatfiquandop6enaB, -* ^^ *W ff 'f ) [for me. c firli race of our kings, but that they were m <Sa*dtft*we marriages^f-They've done more barbarous than Turks j however we Jtnd this perhaps, when you're inclin'd to ' rouft account them good Chriftians in the wed, [read. lump, becaufe they were dutiful fons to May you concern t Be pleas'd to hear it mother-church. The Carlovingian race " Firft'tis decreed, the banns on Sundays was not much better; neverthelefs wt three, mull not bear hard upon them, becaufe Amid the iervice loud proclaimed be. * they were very humble fervacts to the Each a full month muft in the psrifh live, pope. Of the third race, feveral w»rc Awdboth their names unto the parfoa give. F not fo complaifant to the court of Rome And what, and whence they are, their as they (hould have been j and Henry Hi- ps rents who j the laft of the houfe of valois, was mur- And if they thefe, their nuptial rites, allow. dercd by a monk^ for reafons of church But mould me marry under twenty one, , more than reafons of (late: And Henry IV. A Whore the wife, a baftsrd ev'ry fon !* tho* he turned catholick, was afiafiinatcd is this )uft liberty for girls mature ? by a villain properly tutor'd by the Jcfuirs, The Spanifh padlock'* eaiier to endure. becaufe he was not ungrateful and bar* When ftcbthelaws, maids ever maids will q barous enough to extirpate his faithful he. [me. Proteftant fubjcOs, and becaufe he feet From which dread curfe,good lord, deli ¥er information of the powder plot to king For why mould thefc old puts take on 'cm James. His fucceflbrs having been aealoes thus ? perfecutors of hereticks, all things have Jt^ tho* o» privilege belong* d to us. profpered in their hands j and indeed it cannet * H'bieh uw f*tp*ff*d iy <*v Mr ret tf the Ft end kfag. Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1753- Description of JERSEY. 543 eannot be otherwife, according to the animal the toad, abounds here, as do in- bitfiop ; for whoever upholds arbitrary noxious creatures of the Terpentine kind* covetous churchmen, can be in no danger particularly lizards, which gaze on paHen- of feeling their refentment by poifon or gcrs, as they lie baflcing in the fun. The dagger. The tranfatliohs of former ages climate here is generally wholefome ;, the in Germany, Italy, Spain, Sec. prove that rocks are vaft and terrible j the tides in- flations in communion with the fee of pid and ftrong, fo that here is no Ail! wa- Rome are not more peaceable and orderly £ ter at any time, as in other ports of the than thofe that reject her authority. Upon British channel. The whole ifland con- the whole it is evident, that the works of lifts of 12 pari/hes, which are divided in- the author of difcord and confutioji have to vintaines, from the 20 houfes, which abounded in Chriftian ftates thcie many formerly, as is faid, cooftituted them, ages paft, more than thoie of the prince tho* now fome vaAly exceed that number, of peace: Which may fuffice tofilence fuch The parishes are St. Ouen j St. Peter St# Auoin> tnc ftcond of the ifland, ana* A Defcnption of the IJks of Jwuttr, B from it thc bay adj0;njng derives k name GuieN* *v, Aldienet, aae* Sark : Thc pon ig thc ^ft and moft ffc^^m With a correff Ma*. ;n Jerfey, and has a ftrong pier carried in- THESE iflands are the only remains to the fea, which receives and affords a of the dukedom of Normandy, now fofe harbour for (hips. The houfes are in poffeflion of the Englifh crown, and moftly new. St. Mary : St. Laurence j all lie in the BritUh channel. St. John ; Trinity 5 Sc. Helier, in which JtasiY is fituate in 49° 10' north la- is the town of St. Helier, the capital of titude, and 2° 20' weft longitude from Q the ifland, whofe tituation is pleaiant and the meridian of London. It is 12 miles commodious j there are about 400 houfes in length, and between 6 and 7 in breadth. in it, difpofed into divers wide and well Its north fide, from its lofty clifls, is 40 paved ftreets j the inhabitants are eom- •r co fathoms perpendicular from the fea, puted at 2000. Here the courts of juC which renders it inacceffible that way if tice are held, and every Saturday here Is but the fouth is much lower, and almoft a market, or rather a fair, whither pee* level with the water. It is pretty much pie flock f»om all parts of the ifland to in the form of a reclangled parallelogram, enjoy their friends or traate& buiinef*. or long fquare. It was called Caefarea in u St. Saviour ; St. Martin ; CronviUd ; the time of the Romans j and that they and Su Clement. And thcie 12 pariflses were here, i* plain from the remains of contain 52 vintaines, or cneiHettes, ea an antient camp near the manor of Dila- thefe divisions are called in the pari/h at* ment, as alfo from coins that have been St. Ofien only, which has tin of 1 found in different parts of the ifland. Its The buildings are all of Aone,a* may well modern name is only a corruption of its be fuppofed ia a country, which is no- old one, Jar being a contraction of C*- thing but a huge rock, covered with Urate Jar, and Ey fignifying iJUnd, q. d. CarfarU £ of earth* The churches and fineft edifices ifland. Augia was an appellation ftill are covered with blue flate. The aria- older than the Romans, and fuppofed to cipal trade is that te Newfoundland s be the original one. The higher lands are Another branch of trade is that of knit cUverfified by gritty and gravelly, ftony ftockings, which are every Saturday AM and rocky, fine and fweet mould ; the at St. Helier to the merchant* $ and lower by heavy, deep, and rich foil. All many thousand pairs are made weeWy kinds of foreft and fruit trees, fhrubt, in the ifland. The language is French, roots, flowers and herbs, flourish here, p tho' obfolete, and thence to be e&eemed with pulfe and corn, tho* their wheat is r barbarous ; hat in their religious worths** smaller than the Englifh. They have in- judicatures, and the conversation of tie deed of late converted much of their ara- more polite the pure French is utesL ble land into orchards for the culture of Tho* this is the original language, yet one cyder, which is the ufual drink of the may obferve a pretty good {mattering of inhabitant*. On the rocks lea-weed grows £oglifh, even among the lower ejafs of plentifully, which ia the common manure people, owing to the intermixture of the of the ifland. Here is good meat and fokliers in the gartfon at St. Helier, in the butter, tho* the cattle are but fmall in G church of which town, pcayers are altar- size. Fowl of all kinds are here in great nately in French aad Engtiflt. The chief Juantities, but none exceed in beauty the , officer, who reprefents the king's perfoe, trf%y partridge. Here, is plenty of all is the governor ; bat the civil govern - forts of ftfli, (hell-fi Ai, flat-fifli, Sec. and iifceat is adminiftered by a haily* aflifled Some of an uncommon kind. The ugly, ajr ia jurats. Meant Ofgue^l is af great but harraiefs, and perhaps wholefome Digitized by VjOOQ iC

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544 Defcripttott of Guernfey, Alderney, and Sark. Dec. antiquity, butis at prefent (lighted, and in rocks is found the (harp and hard (lone, a ruinous condition ; and what it was for- called frtyris or emm7, ufed by glazier* for •merly Elizabeth caftle now is, equal to any cutting glafs, and jewellers for policing fortrefs within the Britim dominions, their work. In trade it is fu peri or to There are five well-difciplmed regiments Jerfey, by having a more convenient port of militia on theifland, which are review'- at its eaftern extremity, adjoining to the "ed every 29th of May, the anniverfary of fouth ; where the more retiring inwards, the reftorarion. Here arc feveral monu- £ in the form of a crefcent, makes the place ments of theDruidical fuperllitions, which capable of holding large veffels; On the are flat rag-ftones, of vaft fize and weight, right fide of the port (lands Cornet cattle, raifed 3 or 4 feet from the ground, and which at high tides is furrounded by the fuftatned by others of left bulk. Here fea. St. Peter's, the only town in Guern- *re alfo monuments of the Popim fuper- fey, has a free trade, and a market j is ftition ftill remaining, tho' the inhabitants well Aored with implements of war, and have been Proteflants ever once the refor- confifts of one long ftreet, which is nar- matlon in England j and it is remarkable, R row, being confined between the fea and that notwith (landing the prevailing te>- " the impending hills. The market is al- rort of the papal empire in the days of ways plentifully fupplied with nib. To Q^Mary, the magiftrates of Jerfey had the north Joins a peninfula, called le the courage to put to death Nicholas Aver- Valt where once was a priory; and to ty, a prieft, and furious profecutor of the the weft, near the fea, is a lake, a mile married clergy, for murdering his bailard and half in circumference, (locked with child, which he effected without the mo- fim, efpeciaily a kind of ca?p of extra- ther's knowledge. This ifland gives title ordinary fize, and a delicious tafte. of earl to the noble family of Villiers. C Aldirney is dependent on the gor The mace, borne before the baily and vernment of Guernfey, and is fitu.jtc very magiflrates, at the convention of the near the coafl of France, being bu: about ftates, &c, has a Latin infeription upon a league and an half from Cape la Hogue it, which in Englifli runs thus t in Normandy. It is about 8 mile* in eir- ., ., • , t l l — — *j cumference, and contains one church, Mr aU art wuk fucb bom»r Vac d. ^ a ^ m ^^ m ^^ ^ -•* Caarles II. the mod ferene king of houfes and 1000 inhabitants. The ft il a Great Britain, France and Ireland, hath good for paflure or arable. The land lies refolved, that his royal favour towards the V high j and to the fouth is an harbour, ad- ifle of Jerfey (in which he twice met with mitting only fmall veflcls. The ftreir,ht a place of refuge, while he was ex- which divides this ifle from France, called cludetf from the reft of his dominions,) the Race of /ildernty> is a dangerous paf- tfiould be confecrated to pofterity by this fage in (lormy weather, when the winds truly royal monument j and commanded, happen to encounter with the itrong cur- that thenceforward it mould be borne be- rents. And here, during the late war, fore the bailies, in perpetual memory of Sir John Balchen in the Victory was caft the loyalty preserved both to his moft au- E away, he and all his company, who were guft father Charles 1. and to his majefly, upwards of 900, being drowned, the (hip during the rage of the civil wars, by the finking with them all at once. moft excellent men Sir Philip and Sir Sark, as well as Aldtrncy, isdepend- George de Carteret, knights, bailies, and ent on the government of Guernfey. It chief governors of this ifland.*' is no more than two miles in Itneth, is Ccukjiv, whofe ancient name fituate in the midft of all the other iflands, was Sarnia, is diftant from Jerfey, »o but ueareft to Guernfey, and guarded miles to the north-weft, but equals not p with fteep rocks. The inhabitants are that ifland, either in point t)f fruitful- * about 300, and one minifter officiates for nefs or extent of territory, having only them. Its corn is excellent, the lard 10 parimes, four of which are united, very high, which, together with its fitu- No venomous creature can fubfift here, ation, renders it one of the rtrongeft and it is naturally better fortified from places in the world. Formerly here was invafion than Jerfey, by craggy rocks no way for draughts and carriages from and precipices. Both thefe iflands agree the fea, till Philip de Carteret, feigneur aa to their original produftions, and de St. Otien (who had a grant of theifland civil and military government; butGuern- Q from (^Elizabeth,) caufed one to be cut fey is under a difttnd governor, repre- through the impending clifT, which for fentmg the king's perfon. The eccle- fome fpace is carried en in fubterranean fiaftical government in this as well as darknefs, till it emerges within the ifland, in all the other iflands is managed by a and is fortified with Cannon, and by a dean or commiffary from the biOiop of fate. "Wmcbefter, Among the circumjacent JOUR. Digitized by VjOOQIC

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»753- -■ S45 JOURNAL of the Proceedings and Debate* in the Political Club, continued from p. 508. added j bat this I need not tell yoa, The next that foke in the Debate Sir, I mall fhew it, for it may moft bill to provide for the protection of AS I cannot pretend to have innocence, it is directly the con- any mufick in my voice, trary ; We are laying a trap for the* I am afraid, the noble lord moft innocent and the moft eafily de- will receive neither pfeafure nor in- luded part of mankind : We are formation from what I am to fay going to expofe the whole female upon the prefent fubjeft; for no- B fex to their moft infamous betrayer*, thing, I think, can be more clearly I fay, moft infamous ; for of all the di reded to the understanding than deludcrs and betrayers of woman* what was faid by my Hon. friend kind, thofe are the worft who de- who (poke before him; but it is bauch them under apromifeof mar- a misfortune incident to human na- riage. Such promues young inno- ture, that when our underftanding cent girls have too often truited to: is prejudged, we can receive no C Such promifes they "will too often more information from reafon, than truft to, make what laws you will we can, when our ears are ftopt up, againft it ; and by this bill you are receive pleafure from mufick If going to take from them the only this were always the cafe with the remedy they have, the only method majority of this houfe, 1 am fure, in which they can fae for the per- I mould never give you any trouble; formance of fuch a promife. Nay, but as it never is. I hope, the cafe D you are to do more : You are to ex with any one of us, I m3y now perhaps, pofe young women to the danger of have the good fortune to meet with being deluded and debauched, even better fuccefs than either I or my by what they may think a true and friends have, it feems, hitherto met lawful marriage. Is this providing with. As to one argument, and, I for the protection of innocence ? Is believe, the moft prevailing argu- it not inhuman? Is it not cruel t ment, made ufe of for our going E And for whet are we to be fo in- nto a committee upon the bill fent human, fo cruel ? Only that the iown to us, which was the refpett few rich heirefles we may have from ,ve owe to the other houfe, and to time to time amongft us, may be he learned judges, who brought it fecured for our quality, and for foch n, I am very fure ijcan in no fhape of our quality too, as have the leaft >e pleaded for our pafling the bill occaiion for k ch mercenary matches; iow before us ; for it is quite a F for a rich mifer will alweys be foe lew bill. There is not fo much-as making his daughter a dutchsfs or >ne da ufe, hardly indeed a fentence, a counted, and will as certainly hat ftands the fame as it was in the chufe the richeft that offers, with- »ill fent down to us from the other out confulting in the leaft her in- lOufe ; and befides, there have been clination ; and from experience we o left than fix or feven new claufes may know, that guardiaus will very ii. F — . feldom fcruple making a lacrifice. December, 1753. Zzz bf • Bert It Itlivf tit frirtttd Ml with all tbt rexvrts, alttratiwi tniaiiiuem made U A ,

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54<S PHOCEEDINGSP//^ POLITICAL ClUB, £?£• DcC of their ward for promoting their fe^uencetdourconftitution;and what Own intereft. is worft of all, it will endanger our vay This, Sir, is in itfelf a bad mo- exiftence 5 for without a continual tivc for a new law, were the law to be fupply of induftrious and laborious * attended with no fatal confequence ; poor no nation can long exift, which but the misfortune I have mentioned is fupply can be got only by promoting far from being the only one with A marriage among fuch people. X which it will be attended. To accu- (hall grant, Sir, that by our prefent mulate the whole wealth of a fociety laws relating to marriage, a procla- ims a few families, is inconfiflent with mations of banns, or a licence, is the happinefs of every fociety, and absolutely neccflary for renderiog to throw it all into the hands of the marriage perfectly regular ; and our nobility is inconfiflent with our if thefe laws had been Jlrictly car- conflitution in particular. It is not B ried into execution, we had felt the the increafc of their military power badeffeclsofthemlong before this time, that we are at prefent afraid of : They were invented and elhbliOied It is the increafc of their elective in the times of popery, when every power, and the increafc of their method was taken to increafe the elective power will be of more dan- revenues and theperquifitesof priefts; ger to our conftitution, than ever and I fufpect that this was the chief the military power was% which they C motive for continuing them after the in former times feparately poflcfledi reformation, But even high church for a factious majority of the other itfelf never took upon it to declare houfe having, by means of their that to be void, which was in itfelf elective power, got a majority in valid both by the law of God and this, will foon force the crown to the law of nature ; for fuch is every put the whole military power of the marriage not prohibited by thofe kingdom into their hands ; whereas D laws, when ' perfected by conk ra- in former times they could only get mation, let it have been contracted that part of it which they feparately in never fo clandeftine a manner, poffeifed, and if the crown prefer ved let the inequality between the Con- or rt covered the affections 0/ the trading parties be never fo great, people in general, it foon became with regard to rank and character an overmatch for any faction among in the world. This regard, which the nobility. Therefore both the E even high church itfelf has always crown and the commons have now fhewn to the laws of God and na- more reafon to be afraid of the lure, together wirh the difceukies elective power of the nobility, than and expence, which the avarice of ticyevcrbeforehadtobeafraidoftheir priefts had thrown in the way of military power ; and if thofe of the what they called a regular marriage, other houfe mould once get into their introduced the cuftom of marrying hands all the chief commands in our clandeftinely, and this cuftom has a my, it would then be too late for hitherto prevented our feeling the uuothinkofrefumingourantientinde- bad effects of our prefent laws relat- pendency : If we mould but attempt ing to marriage. «, they would very probably re- But, Sir, if you not only efiablifh turn us the compliment wc once but increafe thofe difficulties and this I aid to them, of voting this houfe expence : If you render them ab~ ufeitfsand dangerous, and therefore q foluteJy neceflary, by declaring every robeabolifhed. marriage void that mail hereafter. Thus,' Sir, the bill now before us, be contracted or folcmnixcd without ii palled into a law, will be of the them, you will foon come to feel moil dangerous confequence to the the bad cffcwts of it, as you will female fex , of the moft dangerous coa- there- Digitized by VJOOQ IC

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1753- Proceedings of the Political Club, tie. 547 tkereby pat almoft an entire flop to fappofe the re&or, vicar or curate, marriage among the pooreft and attending the cure, ftiould be abfene moil laborioui part of our people, or ill at the time, I do not fee how I fay, Sir, if you not only eftablifh any clergyman ferving for him, can but cncreafe the difficulties and the marry any two perfons at that church expence which our prefent laws have or chapel in the terms of this aft ; thrown in the way of marriage ; for A fo that during the Illnefs or abfence you are to do both by the bill now of the re&or, vicar, or curate, fhould before us. As the law now (lands, it be for half a year together, all a laborious couple may agree to be marriages at that church or chapel married of the Saturday night, and mud be fufpended, and if both par* they may go next morning early to ties fhouki live in that parifh, they de/ire the curate to proclaim the could be married no where eifc. banns : They are accordingly pro- B Thus, Sir, we fee what new dif- claimed that day for the firft time : acuities we are to throw by this bill They are proclaimed a fecond time in the way of marriage, efpecially upon an intervening holy-day, which amongft the poor ; and as to the often happens, and a third time the expence, they muil be very little next Sunday : Thus they may be acquainted with the nature of offices, married, after a regular proclama- who do not know, that the more tion of banns, in nine or ten days ; C ncceffary you make it to apply to and if it mould happen to be at any office, civil or ecclefiaftical, the Chriflmas, Eafter, or Witfuntide, more you will increafe the infolence in four days after they have agreed and the expence of that office. And all to be married. But if this bill partes thefe inconveniences, all thefe dan- into a law, no couple can ever be gers, we are to expofe ourfelves to, married by proclamation of banns left the daughter of a noble or rich in lefs than a month after they haveD family mould marry a footman or agreed upon it, in which time it is lharper, or the fon a chamber- a great chance but one of them re- maid or common {trumpet. As to pents, very probably the man, after the daughter, Sir, if (he marries fuch having prevailed upon the credulous a one, I will venture to fay, it ai- wench to admit him to her bed in ways proceeds from fome fault in view of the future marriage ; and as her education, or from fuch a bad to a licence, it is ridiculous to think E naturaldifpofition as very little defer ves that poorpeople ever can, or ever will the concern even of her parents, and pat themfelves to the expence of k, much lefs that of the legiflature. Then, Sir, as to the regifter, I am In former times, when daughters of opinion, that our poor people, were bred up in fuch a reclufe way moft of whom have never been as never to converfe freely with any taught to write their names, will be but the fervants of the family, fuch abfolutely excluded from marriage F misfortunes might often happen ; either by proclamation or licence ; but fince the modern method of edu- for by this bill, as it now (lands, cation has been introduced : Since both the parties, and both the wit- young ladies have been introduced nefles, malt fubferibe their names into the fafhionable world, almoft to the regifter : Suppofe one of the as foon as they have dropt their parties, or one of the witnefles, hanging • fleeves, fuch misfortunes has never learnt to write his name, q very rarely happen, and I may be the minuter cannot make an entry bold to aafwer for it, that they never in his regifter, and confequently can- or but very feldom will happen. not marry tivo-fuch perfons, accord- Then as to our young matters, I *"£ to the direftipns of this aft j and am furprized to find any one in a Z 2 2 2 pani:k Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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548 PftDCEEDINGS $f tbt POLITICAL Curs, &c. Dec. panick about their marrying com- human legiflature whatever; for ft' mon ftrumpets before they come of is a miftake to fay, that our law did age. Men come to years of difcre- ever before this ti me annul or d idol v« too, men of all ages above that of. a marriage, wfcteh was not by the infancy, do takes fuch creature* int« divine law declared to be void or keeping, and afterwards very often diffolved. The proceeding!! in our marry them ; but if a young gen- A fpiritual courts, or even in parlia- tleman under age ever marries ment, is not, properly fpeaking, to a young girl of inferior rank, it is annul or tod iflblve the marriage, but generally becaufe he finds he- can- to afcertain and efUblifh the troth tot make her a harlot. Therefore, of the facls upon which the rullity Sir, as fuch misfortunes happen fo or the diffolution is founded by tl.e very rarely, I cannot fuppofe that laws of God. Jf we had deprived any man would have bf en at the pains B a clandeftine marriage of all afiif- to think of a publick law for pre- tance from the law for either party's venting them ; and for this re a (on I recovering any of their matrimonial mall iufpeel, that the introdu&ion rights, it would not, fferhaps, have of the bill now before us proceeded been a going beyond the bounds of from motives which neither have our. power; but if the marriage be been nor will be avowed. a good and a valid marriage both But, Sir, let the motives be what C by the divine and the moral law, I they will, the fcope of the bill is really do not think it is in our power to do what we neither ought, nor to declare it void, becaufe fome of can do. We may deny the afliftancc thofe ceremonies were not obferved of the law for enforcing a divine which we had thought fit to pre- or a moral obligation : Even this fcribe ; and our attempting to do would be going a great length : But fo will be attended with this bad we cannot render it void, nor ought D conference, that the paities may we to declare it to be fo. If we do, think themfelves no way bound ei- we are partners in, we are in fome ther by the divine or the moral law. meafure the authors of the tranfgref- Suppofe, that after our pafling this fion. The ftatute of frauds and perju- bill into a law, a young gentleman Ties declared, that no aclion (houldbe fhould marry a young Ld> of equal brought upon any marriage agree- rank, but no fortune, in fome fort of merit, unlefs it was in writing ; but E clandeliine manner, but in fuch a ■they did not declare it void : The manner as evtry divine \n England reverend bench in thofe days would would deem to be a good mar r age : have ftarted at the very 4 thought Suppofe that he, depending upon the of fuch a daring proportion : Nay, nullity of his marriage by viitue the legislature did not then (o much of this law, fhould defert her and as declare, that no fuit mould be marry another: And fuppofe that had in any fpiritual couit for com- F fhe fhould in two oT three years die peliing a celebration of marriage in for mere want. I will aver, Sir, facie tccUfia% for any contract of that, during her life, his living with matrimony not reduced into writing, the other would be a continual coorfe So cautious was the legiflature at of adultery, and by her dying ia thai time of annulling an obligation, fuch a manner, he would be guilty . which is binding both by the divine of a moft cruel murder. Could any and the moral Jaw. Whom God G man who had been concerned 10 has put together, let no man put promoting this bill lay his hand upon afunder, was then thought to be a his heart and fay, 1 was in no fhape precept wnich was not to be broke the author of thefe atrocious crime*? Luou^h, or incroached on by any I am fore. I could not s and there- fore, Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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X753- Pa*cei d!W03 $f the Political Club, &c. 549 fore, if any fuch thing mould happen fort, J do not think the publick much whilft I' live, it would be an in- concerned about pre venting them ; finite iatisfattion to me to reflecl, Nay, 1 very much question if it.b* that I bad oppofed the paffing this the publick intereli to prevent them bill to the utmoft of my power. altogether ; but I am very fure, we I hope gentlemen will con fid cr ought not to think of preventing this a little, for if they do, I can- A clandefline marriages even of the not think, Sir, they will be for mod infamous fort, by exposing the making fo free with the laws of publick to fo many inconveniences God and nature as at prefent they and dangers, as I have (hewn it wilj feem inclined to do. I hope that, be cxpofed to by the bill now for inftead of increafing the difficulty the iaft time under our conideratfon; and the expence, they will think of and therefore 1 fhall rnoft heartily fame racrhod for rendering marriage 6 give my negative to its being palled led difficult and cxpenfive to the into a law. 30or than it is at prefent ; and by laying a feverc penahy upon tvttf Upon this Quintus Mucins, flood up ;r.c concerto ^ promoting or fo- *udjfpoke in Subftance as follow. emnizing an ^imous clandefline narriage, yr *{ ni.-y in a great mea- Mr. Prefident, »re prevcviny i*ch for the future. C * t p J ie eftablifning «f proper regiflers o J K9 or marria^ * woi/d, in my opinion, TN fome part I agree with the >e more e «rclur" Tor preventing po- J, Hon. gentleman who fpoke laft, r gamy, and ' cutting an end to but I agree with him upon a very i difputes abo: 'J>e legitimacy of different principle. I agree with !i:ldren, than either a licence or a him, that therefpect we owe to the 'reclamation of l ^ns; but for thi&D other houfe cannot be pleaded in urpofe, tJ ,- would be no necef- favour of the queftion now under :Y f°r X. 'it doing what, I think, our confideration ; but in this I o-j cav 0r do, that is, declaring agree, not becaufe the bill now be- fl m^na^c*; void that are not re- fore us is quite a new bill, but be* f*re^* X ti-v**iT duly kept would m caufe the refpeft due to the other c ai: have their mar* upon any bill fent down to us from "oc rcg-'tertrJ, fnoula fail of proof thence, can never be an argument ..in they had occafion for it, it of any weight for our paffing it into n aid be entirely their awn fault, a law. The bill now before us h he certainty of proof In one cafe, efientially the very fame with that A the uncertainty of it in the o- which was fent down to us from, *.r, would Ie if you jnade it very near in it, with fome very immaterial r or clandeitine roar- mencement from tha firft day of ^es, from wVintc ar.v Tort of in- q January, or the 25th day of March, r ;y may e:;iue ;o - t.icr of the next enfuing ; or that it is of any .iirac"tin<* n f I vviili with all great importance whether profecu* near ^1. ...jy could be entire- tions (hall be commenced within i rtveutci * hut as to every other W— — At—-. one Digitized by VjOOQ iC

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55© Prociidihos ef the Political Clvi, f£c. Dec. one year, or within three yean, trary, they (hew, that the bill has after an irregular folemnization of been folly considered ; confeqoently, matrimony ; and as to the other al- I do not think that any gentleman terations or additions that have been can be for putting off the palling made to the refpeetive claufes, they of this bill to another feffion, but were thought neceffary even by thole fuch as are againft our palling any whofeemed to be againft the bill, A bill that will be effeaual for pre- m order to prevent doubt* or quef- venting that burlefk upon the marr tions that might arife upon the words riage ceremony, which is now fa as they at frit ftood in the bill. Then frequently repeated at the pretended at to the claufes that have been ad- chapel in May -fair, or the more ded, moil of them relate to the e- fcandalous pretended chapels within ftaWtfhing of a regifter for marriages, the rules of the Fleet- priton. That which is a regulation that every B forae young gentlemen would be gentleman now feems to approve of, againft putting an effectual bar to all and was approved of by a great clandeftine marriages, I do not much majority, in a bill which this very wonder ; but I cannot fuppofe that feffioa paffed through this houfe : any gentleman wht ^as ever known But as that bill is not like to receive what it is to be t a &therf will be the approbation of the other houfe, againft it. Every man^vho has the therefore the defign was again taken q leaft degree of paternal affection, up, and proper claufes for the pur- mail ardently detre to fee his cbil- pofe inferted by the committee upon dren happily and honourably mar* this. As to the other claufes that ried, therefore it \\\fc be &d unfpeak- have been added, one, 1 think, is able grief to a pi^ou^jo bear of his to prevent a mmifter's being liable fan's being roarriect to a common to ecclefiafttcal cen fares for folem- ftrumpet, or his daughter to a com- irizing marriage after banns publifti- J3 mon (harper, pq£ aps to a fellow ed, between perfons under age, with- who at that very JT.^Uable to be tut confent of parents or guardians, indicted and hadiged for reding up- rf he has no notice of their diffent, on the highway1; and that iiFn mif" A fecond is for determining what fortunes may hereafter happS"' *et places (hall be deemed extraparo- parents take what care they W'U» ehial, for the purpofes of this act. we cannot but , be convinced, from A third, for obliging the perfon g what has often happened withi* oar who is to grant licences to take an own memory. Shall we, Sir, be deters oath for the faithful execution of red by imaginary fears and con* his office. And a fourth, to pre- ceited dangers from providing againft vent its being neceffary for the par- fuch a real, fuch a known misfor- ties to give proof of their actual tune f For that all the inconve- dwelling in the refpeetive parifhes niences and dangers that' have been wherein the banns were published. p fuggefted as the confequences of this Can it be fa id. Sir, that all or bill, are chimerical, may, I think, any of thefe claufes render the bill be very eafily made appear, a new bill; or that any of thefe As to the danger, Sir, which claufes, or the claufes for eftablHbing the female fex may be expofed to, a regifter of marriages, are improper it is very evident that they are now for being inferted in a bill to prevent in greater danger than they can be clandeftine marriages ? Therefore no q after this bill is paffed into a law; argument can be drawn from any for whilft the law is vague and un- of the alterations or additions made certain, weak people may furely be to the bill, againft agreeing to the more eafily deceived, than when it prei'ent queftion ; but on the con- is plain and determined. As the law Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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)753- Proceedings of the Political Club, &c. sSt ftands at prefent a young woman may riages oftncr produce evil than good, truft to a promife of marriage, be* both to the fociety and the contrao caufe fhe may have fome hopes of ting parties, this, I am fure, can being able to compel the man to be no objection againft the bill, fulfil his promife, tho' fuch hopes Another danger faid to be ap^ generally prove abortive ; but when prehended is, that it will put chill it is declared by a pofitive law, that A dren too much under the power of no fuch promife mail be binding, their parents. Sir, there is no coua- no young woman will truft to it ; try in the world, there new was for whatever opinion fome geotlc- a country, I believe, where parents men may have of the knowledge of had fo little power over their chil- young women, they generally take dren as they have in this. Among care to be pretty well informed a- the Jews and the Romans, efpeciaily bout every thing relating to mar- B among the latter, and in the infancy riage. °* tAe'r republick, the fathers had Thus, Sir, if we can be under a moft abfolute and unlimited power any apprehenfion of danger to the over their children, and every thing female fex, who, I (hall moft readily that belonged to them ; and this admit, deferve our utmoft care, it power continued over the fons as is on the fide of rejecting this bill, long as the father lived, and over and not on that of palling it into C the daughters until he gave them in a law. And as to the dangers that marriage. Whereas among us, the are to be apprehended from accu- father has no power over his chil- mulating the wealth of the kingdom dren, but what is neceffary for their into a few, hands, or into the hands education and prefer vation. Whilft of our nobility, we can never in they are young, he may correct them any period of time have fuch a nutn- moderately when they are guilty of ber of rich heirefTes in the kingdom, D a fault, and until they come of age as to furnifh the lead foundation for he has the cuftody of any eftate an apprehenfion of this kind, no that belongs to them, for which he not even if it were certain that all muft account as other guardians do, of them would be married to the Even this power of being their guar- eldeft (ons of our richeft noble fa- dian does not continue fo long as milies, which is fo far from being in moft other countries ; for here certain, that, 1 think, the certainty £ it ends at their age of 21, whereas in is on the other fide, as neither the many other countries it lads till their father nor guardian can force a age of 2$. And hy this bill no new young lady to marry whom they power is given to parents or guar- pleafe, and after ihe comes of age, dians, nor any power but what they ihe may marry whom Ihe pleales, are already by law poffefTed of ; for as freely after as before this bill is as the law now (lands, no perfon un- paged into a law. There is there- F der age can be married in a regular lore not the leaft foundation for this manner, without confent of parents apprehenfion, and as little is there or guardians. Therefore if this bill for that of the bill preventing mar- proves effectual, which I hope it riage among the poor ; becaufe we will, there can be no room for fay- find ne fuch effect from prodama- ing, that we have put it out of the tion of banns in the country, where power of the father to forgive his the poor muft now marry in that G child, and to eftablifh the marriage way. It may, indeed, prevent fome by his future approbation ; becaule of the fadden rafh marriages which the child under age cannot then be might otherwife be made clandef* married without his previous con* tincly in this city ; but as fuch mar* feat, either tacit or exprefs ; confe- c^uentlv. Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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£52 Procibdings *f the Political Club, (£e. Dec. quently, what was quoted from a to be goodi and a man is obliged both Latin author by an Hon. gentleman by the law of God and the tew of whd fpoke early againft this bill, nature to pay a debt without fped- was very improperly applied : Lix alty, tho* he has not been fucd for iff res furda et inexorabilis * is a it within fix yearsj yet the ftatute true and a right faying: The law, it declares he (hall not be obliged. is true, knows no friend but fuch as ^ And even with regard to marriage, are friends to their country ; and I belie yc, it will be allowed, that what is equally beneficial, it knows if a man and woman ferioofly and no enemy but fuch as are enemies fincerely enter into a marriage con- to their country } for fuch t^ftry trad, without the interpofition of man is who tranfgreffes the laws of a clergyman, or any religious ce- kis country : But the Hon. gentle- remony whatever, it will be a good man fhould have told us by whom* g marriage both by the law of God and upon what occafion, thefe words and the law of nature; yet the law were made ufe of: It was by the of this fociety, and, I believe, of young nobility at Rome, who were every chriftiaa fociety, has declared confpiring againft the liberties of it not to be a good marriage ; there- their country, and to reftore their {ore why may not we declare those tyrant king, Tarquin, becaufe in the marriages to be void, which are (b- ncw cftabhftied republick they could q lemnized by fcandalous worthier not find that pardon for their debau- clergymen in a clandestine manner j cheries and oppreffions, which they for it is really doing no more than had found eafy to be obtained from what the Hon. gentleman laid we an arbitrary and tyrannical fovereign; might do: It is only denying the and therefore this famous fpeech affiilance of the law, for enfor- is concluded with thefe words, ptri- cing the performance of fuch a con- tulofum ejfe, in ft bumanis errtribm ip tract. fola innocentia <ui<wre. " Thus, Sir, this general objection Now, Sir, with regard to the ob- muft appear to be without any foun- j eft ions made againft this bill : It dation ; and as to the particular ob. is in general objc&ed, that we are jectioiis againft fome parts of the bill, going to do what we have not a they will, upon a little confideration, power to do : That we cannot de- appear to be equally groundless. \x dare that to be void which is valid „ is impoflible to provide by ex pre (s both by the law of God and the words, in any law, for all the mi- law of nature. Sir, we are only to nute accidents that may afterwarrs declare a marriage void in law, which happen in pra&ice. Wnen fuch ac- is not contracted according to the cidents happen, it is always deemed forms prefcribed by the laws of this fufficient, if the general intent and fociety ; and this is what every fo- meaning of the ftatute be purfued. ciety may do, and what we have » I know of no ftatute that authorizes done in a multitude of other cafes, an illiterate man's fetting his mark, Our ftatute of frauds is an inftance iaftead of his name, to a deed or of this, and every ftatute we have writing, either as party or witneis, made for the limitation of actions and yet there is nothing more corn- is an inftance of it. A verbal con- mon in practice ; and according to trail for the fale of goods above this practice, if any of the parties 10I. is a good contrad both by the q or witnefles to a marriage cannot law of God and the law of nature, write, it will certainly be deemed tho1 the buyer has received no fofikient, if they fet their mark to part of them, or given any earned ; the regifter, without any exprefc yet that ftatute has declared it not words m the law for anihoming them • Sit Lond# Mag./#r Auguft kft, p. 365, «/♦ 2*F. Digitized by UOOQ 1C

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1753. Proceedings of ibt Political Club, &e. Si them to do fo. And if the reclor, tie, which is that of leaving out the vxu, or curate be abfent or ill at the word, clandeftine. time, whoever ferves the cure for him, But fuppofing. Sir, that there may certain )y folemnize all marriage* were no pretence for calling this a it that church, and may in his name, new bill, or for, faying that it was )r for him, fign the regifter, without very imperfett. when it was fent iny exprefs c^ufe for -imppwering A down to ns, yet che dangers that aim to do fo. Therefore, there is no* are to be apprehended from its be-: >ccafion for any new amendment to ing paffed into a law ought to pre- this biil } and, I hope, i have fully vent our agreeing to it ; cfpecially, infwercd all the objections that have as the evil which it is to preveit- xen made againft it. is either no publick evil, or an evil that fo rarely happens, that it is ridi- Tbe laft thai /poke in this Dtbatt Bculous to run *ny the lead rifk fcr; family ; for furely it is more, the pub* ~HAT may conftitute a bill to Uck fotereft, and we ought to take 9 be the fame or a new bill,c more care, that none of them (hall qucftion that may admit of fome make an improper marriage, than lifputes, and a queftion, I think, noi we have any occafion to do with rety material ; but if feven new refpeft to any other family in the :laufes added to a bill which at firft kingdom. As to the dangers that roniifted but of fixteen, and every are to be apprehended, it it had .me of thofc it confillcd of at full [>eta poflible to make them appear /ery much altered, does not make ^ chimerical, I am fure, the Hon, t a new bill, 1 am fure, it (hews, and learned gentleman who fpoke hat the bill, as fent down to us, was laft wouia have done it effeaually j. l very inconfiderate and imperfect and hU having . fuccccJed fo ill if* >ill ; and if the other houfc, with what he undertook, mull convince he afliftance both of the learned €ycry ,man who knbws him, that udges, and of the reverend and all thofe dangers are moftjuftly to be earned bench, Werefo'rnuca mif- ^ apprehended ; for how comes it, Sir, aken in its firft conception, I am t.iat the fair fex are fo often deceived, is fare, that it b an, uaaniwerable. deluded and ruined by promifes of irgument for our taking a longer marriage? Is it not becaufe the be- inie to confiderof it, than is :o be trayer pretends fome difficulty or llowed by the prcfent queilion ; another in going dbeclly to be mar- w S I "or the bill was. much . longer de- rjeci? Either he cannot get a licence, ■ coding in the other houfe than it ^ 0r he cannot find a parfon, or be has ias been in this* and. a.bill of fo fomc relation from whom hecxne&a nuch importance to every man in a grcat fortune, and cannot publick- he kingdom, ought, I think, to be \y marry till his death. Thefe aro cade known to every man in the tJje pretences made ufe of by men tingdom, before it be palled into a WA0 intend to feduce and betrav : awj cfpecially as feveral things have Thefe are the pretences by which >een hinted in this debate wakh, I q women are perfuaded not to iniiffc hink, require new claufes or new upon a previous marriage, but con* imendments in the body of the bill $ fent to yield upon a prooiife * for no nxi one amendment, I am clearly of woman, I believe, ever yielded up* opinion, we (houid make to the ti- on a promite, in hopes of her being W— fi — . able to compel a performance of December, 1753, 4 A that Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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554- £*0CBE dings i>/ the Political Club, 6fr. Dec. that promife. Will not thefc pretences by telling us that parents here are not » he rendered much more probable and have fo much power over their children by convincing after this bill is palled into' tUU bill, as tfcey have in other countries, or a law ? Will not young women oftner as they had among the Romans. Sirr I be thereby induced to truft to a promife know that in the infancy of Rome, pa*- of marriage ? And will not deceitful men rents had an unlimited and ridiculed* be more ready to make fuch promife* power over their children 5 but no fuch than ever they were heretofore ? a powtr was ever eftabliihed, I believe, in - This bill may therefore, Sir, moft jtrft- any other countjy. There was never any ly be in titled a bill for the ruin of the thing like it among the Pcrn>ns or Greci- rair fex j and as to its tending to throw ans $ and even among the Romans, they all the wealth of the kingdom into the, foon began to limit and reftrain this pow- bands of our nobiKty, the only anfwer er. But if our nobility Mould be fo fond made to it, was that of affirming its being of following in this refpicl the example ojntain, that all our rich heircifes will not of the old Romans, 1 hope, they will tol- fall to their marc : Wliereas, if we con- low them, in another, and fend us down a Ader that fuch ladies are generally mar- g biU (or cna6Hng, that no one v6f Patrician ried before the age of 2 r, and that after blood AwU ever marry a Plebeian. If this bill takes place, they cannot marry fuch a law mould be patted, I mould not wirhout the content of their fathers ov much fear their increafe in riches : I bo- $oardians, I think, vre may much -more3 he,ve, their poverty would foon make them piohably conclude in the affirmative s. wiih to return to the old laws of thcir Even as ro tlrofe heitefies who may by country. To- be fcrious, Sir, is it not re- chance happen to remain unmarried tilt atly ridiculous to .enatl, that a fervant* after the age of' zt, they will generally ,, maid who was turned out of her father's at that age chafe to he a dutchefs or a ^ family a I moft as foon as me could crawl, dountefs, rather than the wife of a gen- mall not marry againft the con fen t of her tleman, a fquire, ©* even a baronet,* foo father or mother? And a multitude of it was rightly ©bierved by an.H0n.3en- cafes might be pub where it would be as. tlcm.in upon this fuhject, that ambition Ridiculous to enact, that a young gentle- begins at that age to' banim love out of man or lady, mail not he married agaiail the bread of women as well as* men/ the confent of a capricious father or mo- jf,nd as to the danger of this bttt's prt~ dicr. This bill has not been maturely venting marriages among the poor* -iup* P dontidered, otherwife, I am fure, fome ponng it granted, whicji I am very fac^ ' regulation would have been contrived far from doing, that all fuch marriages in' preventing the ingoflveniences that may the country fire folemnized after a pro- arife upon tim head, and will arife much •tarnation of bairns, is there no difference oftener, and moie probably than that an/ bttween making a month necetiar? for young gentleman moult) marry a ft rum - c/ung through that ceremony, and making., per, or any young lady a thief or high- ten days, perhaps but four, ncceliaiy, way man. for that purpofe? Whoever fays fo, may ~ 1 hope, Sir, I have now made it ap- a* well tell us, there is no difference be- ** pear, that the Hon. and learned gcntle*- ^een making a man fail for ten days/ man fucceeded very ill in endeavouring ro a>d making- him faft but for one, for the ihew, that the" dangers to be apprehended, fame reward. The latter a man may from tliis bill wore all chimerical ; and at e/'ily do, but the former, I believe,, very to the power we have of onacimg what is te^v men can do, and therefore moft men propofed by this bill, I was forry to bear will ehufe to go without the reward ra- ' the folemn and {acred contract of marri- t#itr tkah earn it upon fuch a hard con- age put upon trie fame footing with a con- ation. And as to our fearoeo, few of F trad for the fal* of goods, or • debt f/iem can ever be manitd at all, for a without fpedalty*.- A young gentleman marriage by licence they cannot bear the, who is. not married, ami is refoived never * e\pence of/ and an induftrious feaman to marry, may rind his private account in rftvtr'<hufes to be' *e home for a month ridiculing the marriage ceremony, and together* At leaft, 1 hope, if the bill perfuading women that they may as freely paifes, our government will take carvQ break the promife they iriade upon mar* never to prefs a young feaman w hi 1ft he riage, as they may a,promife not ro go to t& under proclamation of banns j and if a rout or aflembly j but every man that * this regulation mould be refolved on, is married or defigns to marry, and in- l believe, they would hnd very few un- deed, every man who loves his country married teamen to prefs* more than his own pleafure, ought or will As to that of putting children too much endeavour to have a veneration preferred tender the power of their patents, no an- faf. the mania gc vow. Therefore even flv#rx "1 ihir.k, lui been made to. it, but. . . ths - Digitized by VjOOQIC

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1753* PftOCEEDINGSflf/&JE>OiITiCAL CluB, &C. $$$ lie legislature neither have ner ought *\ befng a valid marriage in the terms of this tiTume fo much power over marriage cdi*- act j but that the grandchild mall prove, racts, as over contracts of any other fort j that both lus father and grandfather were or the form of the marriage contract, married by proclamation of banns, or a particularly that of its being entered into regular licence, in order to intitle himfelf ►efore a per foil in holy orders, was not to the honours and ettate of his family. ftablimed"by the laws of this or any other How far back the lawyers of future ages ountry, but by the laws of our religion $ a may, for their own benefit, carry this nd therefore, whilft we continue Chrif- necefiity, time only can determine ; but tans, I am of opinion, we cannot declare it (hews that this cluufe is dangerous as eon t raft void, which is good and valid well as ridiculous ; and this is a manifeft y the laws of Chriftianity. Even m the proof that the bill has not becncoulidered ifes mentioned by the learned gentleman, in this lioufe more maturely than it was /e may fee how cautious the legiflature in the other j for which reafon, among ave been ; for a contract for the fale of many others, 1 murt be agaioit its being oodi is valid by the ftatute, if the buy- parted into a law. r lias received any part of them : Now a B r^y, jle. Befides tliis, he has weaned hi** :ir, or curate ; but even he muft allow, mind from all the prejudices of childhood, at both thefc queftions are to be deter- and from all attachment to certain pcr- net nnci, and yet ax the fame time to enact the taftc cf our learned men, who feek it no proof flialibe required of its hav- only to diftinguifh themfelves by the mul- ; been done in that manner, is really, titude, and by the rarity of their acquiii- my opinion, ridiculous. If the claufe tions. He does not think a man to he i Tim, that no fuch proof mould be re- wifer than his neighbour, becaufe ho irt-d after the death of the parties, or knows a thoufand ufelefs things, that aro lt a certain time, there would have unknown to the other. He meditate* n feme fenfc in it ; but :o leave it as Qon ihe bert books ; not only reflects on icw itands will, in my opinion, expofe what he reads, but upon every thing rh^c ro the contempt of every thinking man offers itfelf to him. He fludics t!ie woild f i>e kingdom j and at tire fame time it as well as books, and rtill more frtquenf- rus to import, that the regifter of the ly ftudies himfelf, In ill hi* enquiries lie rriage ihall not bt a fofl proof of its chjefiy applies himfelf to rind cut thofe 4 A a ^ tiotha Digitized by LrOOgle J

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55$ Idea of s PH : LOSOPHER. truths which arc the mof> neccOV* -v frosn reafon : The pafilons, now no len- Pt ger her enemies, obfequioufly follow in as her train : If he loves any thing, it is be- to c-jufc reafon approves it as aimable ; Ke th abhors nothing but that which reafon ab» * U< Home, he anfwered like a gentfciri-, and as fuch, I hope, I replied to r-a. But in the two letters you have firce prt-| lilhed from fome other conefpor^tr^i there does appear a little fpice of pec* try ; for pedant in learning is pre much akin to a fanatick in reh^onl felf, or fuch as arc equal'y mad with H has any religion, and is apt to be vtj angry with every man that differs frcf him in the moil trivial opinion vc'J^ he thinks a ooint of rtltrion : So a ds b\ ti< Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1 7 5 3- R*Pfy i0 *b* Letters about a Vacuum, fc? c . 557 riration •. He might as well have faid, ftream may operate Upon the planers | that becaufe a rock upon the furface does and whether there be an inconfirtency iiot fink to the center of the earth, there- in this fuggeftion, the reader, I believe, fore the earth has no attraction, nor will judge more candidly than Mr. Can- the rock any gravitation. Again he fays, didus. But his account of the caufe of that Mr. Penrofe in his pamphlet, p. 14, the motion of the planets, which, he has explained how a denfe air preflbs fays, is Mr. Home's, is really fomething into a place of a rarefied air f. I have * diverting : *( The action of light, fays looked again over this part of the pam- A he, is the greateft, more expanfive and phlet, and find the author there talking penetrating, the nearer it is to the fun ; of the air's being melted and congealed; but that the preflTure (which proceed* but for my part I never before heard of from the light being condenfed into air) fuch a thing, except from our travellers is the greateft, the farther it recedes fromr to Greenland and Nova Zembla, where, the body of the fun ff." I take no notice they fay, words fpoken in the winter are of the falfe grammar, becaufe, 1 believe, frozen up, and not heard until the thaw we mail foon hoar of fire as well as air comes in the fpring. As to what the author B being congealed. But I would afk this of the anfwer fays about the comparative author, if prefling be not action as well gravity or levity of bodies t» he might as expanding or penetrating ; and if it have explained it better and in fewer is, this fentence m its true and plain drefs words, by telling us, that bodies rife and will (land thus 3 The aclion of light fall in the air, juft as they fink or fwim is the greateft, the nearer it is to the in water t When they are fpecifically fun ; but the action oflight is the greater, lighter they rife or fwim, when they are the farther it recedes from the body of fpecifically heavier they fall or fink. And pthe fun. This maybe philofophy, this as to gravitation's being a, caufe or an may be learning, but, I am fure, every effect ||, no one ever doubted its being an man who is not an adept in this new fort effect caufed by' attraction, which is it- of philofophy or learning, will think it felflikewife an effect; but whether the nonfenfe. What this author fays about caufe of attraction be the mediate or im- the electrical light J J is juft what I had mediate influence of omnipotent power, afferted, for he admits, that if it be has not as yet been determined, and Sir allowed to expand itfelf it will grow the Ifaac Newton was too modeft, perhaps lefs powerful the farther it is diftantfrora too wife, to attempt it. D the electrified body ; but, fays he, if you I muft now have a word or two with can by any means prevent its expanding Mr. Candidus. In the firft paragraph of itfelf, it then acts with as great force at his letter where he talks of water and a diftance as it does near by, or in other fpirit of wine §, I muft afk him, how and more plain words, if you can prevent he can mew me or any other perfon, its lofing its force, it will preferve it. Is that fpirit of wine has not larger or a not this a wonderful fee ret ! But with much greater number of vacuities in it this author's leave, tho* light moves with than water ; for from its being lighter E fuch infinite velocity, that we cannot we muft conclude that it probably has. diftinguifh what it lofes in any given I do not fay that thofe vacuities are ab- diftance, yet to conclude from thence folate, left I mould appear to be a coun- that it lofes none at all, is, I fear, a little try caff who thinks his pot is empty when rafh. In the laft paragraph of this letter, he has drank out his liquor. No, no, he calls upon me to produce one of my thofe vacuities may be, and indeed, it is many experiments, which prove air to probable they arc rilled with that fluid be of a different nature- or eflence to we call light, or fire, (fort I find, I muft p li«ht ||||. Surely this author never faw a not call it aether) becaufe the liquid is fo glafs window ; for through fuch a one inflammable. As to what I faid in my we daily fee that light partes freely, and queries to Mr. Home about the elec- yet not a breath of air can pafc. Nor trical ftream ifluing from the fun, it was has he ever feen a cannon fired at a dif- only a fuggeftion from an electrical ex- tance, the flalh of which is always feen periment referred to by him * • * I do not fome moments before the report can be pretend to fet up any new fyftcm of phi- heard. But thefe men of deep learning lofephy, therefore do not think myfelf ~ have their heads fo full of artificial ex- obiiged to explain how thi* eleclrical ** periments, that they never once reflect upon * See London Magazine, 1751, p. 455, «/. 1, A. f See ditto, ct>h 2, D. J See ditt9t E. || See ditto, p. 454, <•«/. r, E. % See Lond. Mag. 1753, }~ 37*» »'• *» D' •• See ditto, 121, »/. 1, C ft See ditto, p. 371, at. 2, G. JJ See ditto, p. 37:, c»A 2, A. 1] Seedit:; G. Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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55$ Reply tv the tetters about * Vacuum. Dee» upon thofa that nature continually ex- from the mutual attradron. and the gra» tiibtcs. As to what Mr. Penrofe has fa id vitaticn of its original parts, and the ce- about air being convertible into fire and lerity of the hody patting through ; for li^ht, and fire and light into air, I muft as to the fize of the parts, the fluid of ftill be of opinion, that no fuch thing the f ma licit constituent parts will make t« proved by any of the experiments lie has the great eft refinance, if its parts be mentioned. And as to my admitting that equally attractive or vifcid, and equally the interftitial vacuities of rarefied air £ heavy, with the large constituent -parts may be filled with the fluid called light, of the other, becaufe the interftitial va- I 60 not thereby admit that there are cuitits in the latter being largeft, its parts no interititiai .vacuities in nature ; be* will occafion the leait friihon. As to caufe between the constituent, or if this this author's denying the exigence of a author pleafes, the original atoms of the repulfivc force J|, I ilia 11 only refer the fluid called light, there may be interftitial reader to thole authots who have proved vacuities, nay, there muft he, unleft* hey it by numberlefs experiments. And as to . again be filled with a fluid more fabt-iJ, his denying the poflibility of tomprtlTing and To on in infinitum, air into a lefs compafs titan what ic na- Now a* to the fecond letter of Mr. B urally takes up, and consequently its Candidas, who, it feems, Hunks himfelf elafticity §,, I mall obferve, that if what highly inteicrted in this difputc, I un- he fays were true, that by reducing air luckily happened to fay in my reply to within a lefs compafs, we only prtft Mr. Home, that if I conceive two fluids out the fmaller particles thro* the fides to be diiferent, I cannot look upon them of the containing veflel **, then even he to be tl>e fame fort of fluid. This he muft grant, that as the. particles of Nght, calls an impudent aflVrtion * ; whether are the fmalleft, they would be die thft it ix Co or not I leave the reader to judge Q to march out, and consequently the re- They may indeed be the fame with re maining air will become opaque, which ipeci to fome genus, or general name, never yet happened : But nothing more which includts both; but as foon as I needs be faid for (hewing the abfur- have perceived, or even conceived a dif- dity of this negative do&rine, than what ference, I can no longer fay tliey are he himfelf fays about his rcpulfive power, the fame ; and if I have occasion to talk or power o, expanfion, which, fays he, of them dirtinetly, I mull give them is no other than the endeavour of the different name*- This requires no ex- p.more fine, rare, and ftibtle parts of the per iment -. It is founded upon the nature J-* airs to prefs themfetves between the parts of language. Then again, i happened of this denser air ff. Hitherto we Itave to fay, that one fort of fluid may be been told, even by this author,- that it rarer than another, and yet conlift of i* the natural quality of the airs which particles of a larger lize. To this he are denier, ro endeavour to "prefs into the anfwers, that it i* out of our power to places poifelfed by airs of a more fob til come to the original particles or atoms or finer nature %% : i muft by the bye 00- of any fluid, therefore this aifertion is ferve, that this natural quality is an oc- f*H* in facl f. What refined reafcners£ cult qnality, for he does not pretend to are rhefc modern phijofophers ! Let me give any reafon for it. But now he tells aft you, Mr. Candidus, if there are not us, that the more fine, rare, and fubrte larger vacuities, and upon the whole parts of the airs endeavour to prefs them- naore of a vacuum (I mean with regard fclves between the parts, that is to fay, to the fliot it fch) in a pint j>ot full of into the places of the denfer air. How fwan fliot, than in a pint pot full of true is tlie faying that great wits have fmaW Shot, confequently the formci mult pfhort memories! Nay, he goes farther, be a Mowed to be the rare ft, and yet its he fays, that this endeavour is (o quick ^conitituent particles are the lar$;cft. From and violent, that from hence we arc to hence I muf} conclude, that 1 do not account for Aorms, hurricanes, and all fcnow, whatever this auilior may do, the effects of gun- powder j but how theCe that the more divided, or the fmaller the fine, rare, fubtil atoms acquire fo much parts of anybody are, the raier it will force he does not ptetend to tell us; be and the lefs rcfiflance it will have J. for he bas but a little before told us, that On the contrary, if tire parts be not kept the large ft atoms ate the moft denfe, and afnnder by their mutual repulfion, or ^caufe the greateft refinance ||)|. I fliall by the inter pohtion of fome other body, conclude with an obfervation upon his 3 mult conclude, that the fmaller the account of a burning glafs. He fays, the parts are the denfer it will be; and as rays of light are not " collecled by the to the refinance of a fluid, I have al- lens, but the effect is occafioned by the v. ays thought, that it proceeded chiefly lens furTering no parts of the air but light to • See JLond. Mai;. i?qj, p. 4^0, r»/. 1, D. f See ditto. F. J &* ditto* || Stt ditto, •-'- 2, F. § See dim, C. •* Seedirtotp. 460, cot 1, A* jf &? &i*, B. JJ Sit dit*> V2,c*.\h B. ||i; o>, *;/,,/>. 450, «/,,,G.

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1753- Of *be Glanders in HORSES* 55^ to pais thro* h j therefore there muft be loxg as their breath wilt give them leave ; a larger quantity at the locus than any therefore if the water be very cold, or where elfe *. How admirable are this they very hot, they ate apt by this mean* authors conclusions ! Can there be a to catch cold in the nole, which, if fever*, larger quantity any where on that tide produces the glanders* For this, reafon of the glafs than have patted thro* it ? horfes ihould never be allowed to drink in Can thete be a focus any where, if all very cold water, nor at all if they be vc- thole that liave parted thro' are not direct- ^ ry hot, unlefs the water has been made a ed to, and collected in one particular little warm. The caufe and feat of the point ? diftemper being thus difcovcred, M. de 1* Ha ving now done with this author, I rtiaU Fofle propofes, and has* already with fuc only add, that I did not give the name, cef3 praclifed, a fort ot trepanning of the aether, to tlun fluid which communicates bonts that cover the malady, which he to us the idea we call light, becaufc of its has found may be fafely done, in order to not being fo ineligible to the vulgar f ;. apply topical remedies directly to the ve- but becaufc 1 think it as improper to call ry place where the ulcer te feated, and by it light, as it would be to call the air B this means he is hopeful it may always ba found. However, if this author does cured. not like the name I have given it, he may As it wotrid be no difcredtt, even to a vail it, materia fubnJis, or any other he regular phyltcian, to Audy a little ol what pleafes ; and if he inclines to continue the antients caHed nttd/eina -vaeranarh, in his opinion, that air, die and light, are which was by them fo highly and fo juftly not different but one and the fame fort efteemed, perhaps, fome ingenious gen- es' fluid, and tiiat there is no fuch thing tlcraan in this country may And out a. as any interftitiai vacuity in nature, I can q more eafy and lefs dangerous method of allure him, he mall meet with no further cure ; for horfes, furely,deferve our care as diflurbance from, roach as horned cattle, and no gentleman, Oxford, Nov. S, S I R &c * believe, would think it beneath him to 1753. * * find out and prefcribe a method for curing ^. „ „ , „ „ , _ .the diftemper that at prcfent rates fo fa-> rbc Caufe and Cure of the Giandus in ulJ lhcaj# Hursrs, frw M. de Fuffon. 7 6 MK. de Button, in the 4th volume of Of all pbihfopbical Experiment 1 'and Obfcr- his Natural Hiftory, has given us a D various, tlofe are the rrnft ufeful, tlntt tend very curious account and description of towards the Improvement of the Arts y that that part of the animil ct cation, we call are nectffary fur the Support or the Convent - a liorfc, which he begins with obferving eucy of Mankind. Oj theft toe Jball give yery juitly, that the tanungcf that haugh- the following from Dr. Templemah** ty and fiery animal, who lhares with his curious Remarks, Sec. as it may incite matter in the fatigues of war and the glo- feme of the Curious to- try 'whether fuck ry of. viclory, is one of the moft noble Sheli fijh or Eggs are not to hi found on our conqucih that have been made by man- p Coafs in Curope or America. i:in »253>#»4(«» w^*, A, t **Jrt», I. r, ». Digitized by VjOOO IC

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560 Of the Purple ef the AN TIE NTS. Dec. Our coafts • upon the ocean do not partem, which being extended is nearest afford any of the laft kind of (bell (Uh $ to the fummit of the (hell. Now it if but one meets with very commonly a eafy to conceive that when thefe flieH-nih little (pedes of buceintm, which furnithes have drawn back their foot or partem into a purple dye. I have not obferved on our the (hell, by bending it in foch manner coaft that fpecies of bucanun mentioned that the inferior part, or that which was in the Philofophical Tranfadions, Low- applied to the ground, it brought back thorp's Abridgement, Vol. II. p. 823. . towards their head j it is eafy to conceive, And I have but feldom (bund due which A * fay, that this cover will then flop up Columna hath got engraved in his treatife the mouth of the (hell, fine* the (ervke on the purple, as the true buccimtm of the of the partem to which it is fattened will ancients ; but 1 have not feen in it any of by that means be the neareft to the that liquor which gives the purple, as I mouth ; and all that is repuifite for the have in the other buccinum : Perhaps the purpofe is, that the (nape of the cover difference of Teas, or the difference of mould be the fame as that of the mouth feafons, in which I made my obfervations; of the (hell. are the occafion of it. B Upon breaking the (hell at fome diftance The largert of the fpecies of buccinum, from its mouth, or head of the bmtaMmm, common on our coafts, u between 1 x and and taking out the broken pieces, you 23 lines f long, and between 7 and 8 in difcover a little vein, to ufe the cxpreinon diameter, in the place where they are the of the ancients, ox to fpeak more pro- biggeft, and (haped pretty much iike our perly, a little refer voir, full of a liquor garden mell-fnails. Their fize agrees very proper for giving the purple dye: the well with Pliny's account of the buccimtm, colour of the liquor contained in this which he calls minor concha j he describes q little refervoir makes It eafiiy diftinguim- them more particularly (till, when he adds able, it is very different from that of the that they arc fnipped at the edge of their flelh of the animal. Ariftotle and Pliny vnou.htre:u*ditiat »ris in margitu irtctfa ; ours mention that it is white, and indeed it is are fo likewife. There are of different of a colour inclining to white, or a yxl- colours, fome white, others brown, others lowi(h white : I (hall excite a difagrueahk have (treaki of a land colour along the idea in mentioning the pus of ulcers, but fpirals of the (hells, upon brown or white at the fame time a very proper one to grounds j the external furface of thefe convey an exact image of the colour cf tnells is commonly chamfered, but in two this liquor. The little refervoir in whit* different manners $ the chamfetings of D'«t is contained is not of equal bignefsia fome are formed by a kind of wreaths all ; it is commonly, however, about a tunning the length of the (pirals ; and fine broad, and two or three lines long: others have likewife other chamferings You will eafiiy conceive its pofition if yoa that run acrofs the firft, and confequently confider the buccinum as a land mail, in- crofs the fpirals of the (hell. deer! it is a kind of fea fnail, and confider Their progreflive motion is performed the fnail as ft ripped of a part of its (hell, in the fame manner as that of fnails, by fo as to leave bare its collar, or that raaft means of a large mufcular part, to which q of flefti Which fur rounds its neck ; for it we may give the name of foot or partem is upon this collar that the little refervoir in fnails ; all the other forts of fpiial we are fpeaking of ii placed j itsougiQ (htU-n(h have a part very much refeni- - is fome lines diftantfrom the edge of tlui bliog this, and deft in ed to die fame collar, and on its mod elevated part, that actions 5 this part is never feen but when is to fay, on that part which is uppermost, they would move themfelves, at other when the mouth of the (hell is down- times it is intirely drawn back into their wards. This refervoir runs in a diredioa (hells ; it ferves even to (hut them up conformable to the body of the animal, there, by means of a little lid or cover F that is to fay, it goes from the head to- that is faftened at its end : this little cover wards the tail, not in a ftraight line, but is given to all thefe forts of fhellnm, in winding the fpiral of the (hell, order that they may be clofed on all fides, . It was this Httle refervoir that the an- as well as the brvahuular (heil-nlh ; it is cients were obliged to take out of the compofed of an hard fubftance, although buccinum, in order to have the liquor it Jefs hard than the (hell. One may eafiiy contains : they mo ft have cut it out fr- apprehend how thefe animals (lop up with parately from each fi{h, which muft have this cover, as with a fort of gate, the q been a tedious work if you confider the mouth of their (hell j for it muft be quantity that is to be collected from it j obferved, that this cover is attached to the for there it not fo much as a good drop superior furface of the end of their pa- contained in each refervoir. No wonder flern, that Is to (ay, to that part of the that the fine purple was at fo high a price • Off ranee. f A Urn it ifc Wiftrt •/ *» h&* Digitized by UOOQ IC

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1-753- Of the Purple of the AN TIE NTS. 561 amongft them. Ariilotle and Pliny men- In tfye Journal des Scavan* of 1686, tion indeed that thefe little re fcrvoirs were they have defcribed the lingular changes not take/i away feparately from the fmalleft of colours that happen to the liquor of (hell fifli of this fpecies ; that 'they were luccinum ; if inftead of taking out the only pounded in mortars, which was a vefTel which contains it, as the antienti means of difpatcbing a sjieat deal of work pYaclifed, you only open it, and by fcrap- in a little time ; and Vitruvius feems to ing it get out the liquor, the linen or give this as the general preparation, Ar- ^ other (tuffs, whether of filk or wool> chiteclure, lib. 7. cap. 13. that mall have imbibed the liquor, will It is9 however, difficult to conceive how (hew at firft only a yellowlm colour likt they could have a fine purple colour by to whit pus would give ; but the fime this means ; the excrements of the animal linen expofed to a moderate heat of the* muft have considerably altered the purple fun, fuch as in a morning, takes in a few colour, when they were heated together, hours very different colours. The yellow after being mixed in water $ for the ex- begins at firft to appear a little more crcmentitious matter is' of a greeni/h _ greenim, it becomes a citron colour ; to brown, a colour which is communicated *» this citron colour fucceeds a more lively probably to the water, and muft have green j this green changes into a deep changed very much the purple colour, be- green, that terminates in a violet colour ; caufe the quantity of this matter is in- after which you fee at laft a very fine pur* comparably greater than that of the li- pie. quor. Thefe changes are made fo much the I am the more convinced of this, as I quicker as the heat of the fun is greater ; have obferved, that the more you take of you have fcarce the time to perceive therri the flefli of the animal, in taking away its Q diftinclly, when the linen is expofed to liquor, the lefs beautiful will the colour the rays of the fun at noon in fummer. , be. Not only the heat of the fun, but like- . The trouble, however, of getting out wife that of fire produces the fame effecls : the little refervoir of liquor from each Yet it is a fa& worthy of remark, that lucdnum, was not all that was requifite : the fame degrees of heat from the fire and they threw next all the little refervoirs the fun are not equally powerful in pro- into a large quantity of water, which during the colours ; the heat of the fire they kept for ten days over a moderate _ reuft be much greater than that of the fire : That they kept it fo lorn* a time over *^ fun to produce the fame change of colour the fire was not becaufe it was neceflary in the liquor, as I have been convinced in order to give the purple colour to the by experiment* liquor, it would take it much foorier, as The air alone without fun-fhine, or the i have been well affined by a \;i cat number heat of fire, will produce the colours, of experiments j but it was nectflVy in but mere flowly j if the liquor is thick, brder to clear it of the flefli, and of the fuch as it is when taken from its refer' little vede! itfelf that contained the liquor, E voir, you muft expofe it to an high wind, which being diiTolved in warm water rofe and then it takes in a few hours the fame in a fcum to the fur face, and were colours fuccetfively as it would in a mo- ikimmed off. derate fun(hine. The cauldron they made ufe of was of It may appear furprifing, that Ariftotle, tin j we make ufe of the like cauldrons and Pliny, who mention fo often the tine at prefent for fcarlet dyin^ : Copper caul- ture of purple, and the (hell fi(h that af- drons would give a colour that would ford it, have not faid a word of thofe alter that which you defi^n. p changes of colours fo worthy of remark, The ancients diflblved a good deal of through which the liquor pjuTes before it fea fait in the water, with which they arrives at purple. It cannot furely be mixed the liquor of the bvcciHum, or of thought that they have neglected to tell the purples. I do not believe they did it us fo fingular a fac"r, becaufe it was too becaufe they fuppofed that the fea fait well known in their time ; I am fatisfled would render the colour more beautiful ; that fuch a reafon would not have indu- but perhaps they employed it only in ced them to pafs it over in Glence : It is order to keep the flefh in the cauldron much more probable, and I think it the from growing putrid during the longtime G true folutioi>of the difficulty, that they it was to continue there \ for by growing did not know it, becaufe they had not putrid it would have fpoilt the purpj« co- much examined thefe fh?H-fim therrifehes, lour, as I have found by experience. I . and have only given us on this fubjec*r, as fcave made likewifc feveral experiments, on many others, the accounts that, had by whicli I am allured that fait doth not been communicated to them. Thofe make the purple colour mere beautiful. which they had on this article muft have* •December, 1753. 4 B beea •*K Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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562 ' Various Motives for coming to Town. Drc. been given diem by workmen employed leave his principality to come into a coon- in the purple dying, or by pcrfons that try where they paid fo little regard to the had feen tbem work, and who could fay antiquity of hit houfe, or the length of nothing of a change that did not happen bis pedigree ; and deAred that he would m the ordinary preparation of purple j tell me why became to London. He im- fot it muft be obferved that the liquor mediately fwelled with all the pride of hia nailes all of a fudden to a red, when it anceftors, put his arms a-kembow, arwf •a diluted in a great deal of watrr ; and, ^ anfwered, « To pull down the Frcncb as we mentioned before, their method king/' was to mix it in cauldrons with a great But the worft reafon for coming to Lon- euantity of water. ^n tn»* * mr *»«*«*# in my life, was giv- Lr9bi£M€lvduliM9iirArttiiDi%.i en me laft night at a vifit by a- young lady of the meft graceful figure 1 ever beheld j Fhm ikWORLP, Dee. 15. it was, " To have her (hape akered to -. „ .. . f .. ... the modern fathion.** That is to fay, ro- EtiuttantafrtRcmamukcaufrndtnd,? ^ hff brcaftg comprcfrH by k to> «- mm 1? a M B ftraight line, which U to extend crofs- 7V Mr. ¥ 1 t s - A d a m. w.fc fw>m ^ouWcr to (houWer, and alfo S I R9 to defcend, dill in a A wight line, in fuch T HO* I am a conftant inhabitant of * manner, that you mall not be able to this town, which is daily producing pronounce what it is' that prevents the ibme new improvement in the polite and ufual tapeting of the waift. 1 proteft, elegant arts, in which I interefl myfelf, when 1 faw the beautiful igeve that was perhaps, to a degree of enthufiafm, and to be fo deformed by the ftaymaker, I lave always a thoufand reafons for not q was as much mocked, as if I had been leaving ir a (ingle day ; yet 1 cannot help told that The was come to deliver up thofe ftill accofttng my friends, upon their firft animated knewh of beauty to the furgeoa. arrival from the country, with the ufual —I borrow my terms from gardening* exertion at this time of the year, " Well, which now indeed * runtimes the molt Sir, what brings you to town ?** The pregnant and exalted expreifions of any anfwer has always varied according to the fcience in being— And this brings to my circumstances of the pcrfon alked 1 " To mind the only inflance that can give an fee the new bridge ; to put a fon to Weft- adequate idea of my concern* Let us miniler, the inns of court, the army, D fuppofe that Mr. Browne mould, in any ice. to hear the new opera j to look one of the many Elyfiems he has made. Out for a wife \ to be in fortune's way at fee the old terrifies rife again and mafic the drawing of the lottery j to print a his undulating knowfs, or (trait rows of ftrmon, a novel, the tfate of the nation, cut trees obfeure his nobicft configurate &c Sec, to kifs hand* fo: an employ- oris of ftcnery. When loid Duilington ment -> to be elected fellow of the Royal faw the rebuilding of St. Paul** by Sir Society ; to confulr Dr. Ward; to be wir- c. Wtrn, the remembrance of the fionc nefs for Mrs. Squite*.** In fhort, the £ which had been defVroyed, and his parti* reafons given are infinite, and 1 2m ality to the work of bis admired Inig* afraid the detail ha> been already tedious. Jones, drew from him the following cita- But I muft ohlerve, that the mart general tion. << When the Jews law the feccmf motive of the men has been to buy fome- temple they wept.** 1 own (tho* no Jew J. thing they wanted, and of the ladies to ] did the fame, when 1 heard that the buy femething they did not want. moil beauteous remain of nature's archi- This year, indeed, that general reafon tedure was fo foon to be deftroyed ; an4 has given place to another, which is not p could not help reciting thofe once adm*- •nly general but univerfal : For now, a(k * icd lines in the Henry and Emma : whom you will what he is come up for, „c , ^ tU boddice, aptly AkV, he d,aws up all his mufclcs into t moft ¥rm fh |u„ Mom „ d flc^r wain\ devout gravity, and with an important fo- ^ J and ^ J ^^ ^^ lemnsty anfwers you, « To repeal the Fine . d ^ and b^dly kfs % Jew bill. This religious anxiety bungs jot to my mind the political leal, nolef* warm ^^ % or univerfal, in the year ten. I retneni- "~" ' miAn borfiman s coat Jbafl bUe ber 1 then met with a Welch collier who G ™? **?** M**. and n******** °f fide- jilted me for a halfpenny, telling me he Obferve the force o( every word ; and as was (larving here, as were his wife and a tefximony that thi* excellent writer was children 200 miles off. As 1 knew him by peculiarly happy in the expreinon^ ceiwA- his dialect to be of a good family, I ex- mfs of Jide, the niceA obfervcr of oor y.vXzi ic him my furprxfe that he Ihould times, who-is now publifhing a moll ratio- nal Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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1753- Stories rf Sir Godfity Kndler, and Mr. Pope. 563 ««) analyfi* of beauty, hat chofen for preftion. — ** Mend you !** (ays the coach- the principal illuftration of it, a pair of man, " It would not be half the trouble to itays, fuch as would fit the lhape defcrib- make a new one." If it may be allow- ed by the judicious poet ; and has alfo able to draw a moral reflection from a lu- ihewn by drawings of other flays, that dicrout Gory, I could heartily wim the -every minute deviation from the firft pat- ladies would, every morning, make ufc tern h a diminution of beauty, and every of this invocation of Mr. Pope \ and grotfer alteration a deformity, j^ then apply themfelves properly Co puhue 1 hear an ingenious gentleman is going all human means for the due accomplish* within thefc few days to pubhin a treatUc men* of their ddlre. -on deformity. If he mean artificial as To conclude the biftory of my unhap- well as natural deformity, be may make py vifit. I muft confeft I was provoked his work as voluminous as he pleafes. beyond all patience, reftrve, or good A few books of travels will furnifti him breeding $ and very rudely flung out of with abundant inftances of head-moulders, the room, having firft told the lady (he face-(queezers, nofe-parers, ear-rtretcb- need not luwe given heifeJf the trouble of ers, eye painters, lip-borers, tooth- ftain- B * journey to London, for I would anfwer «rs, breatft-cutters, foot-fwathers, ice. &c for him, the talents of Mr. Square, her all modelled by fafhion, none by tafte. . Somerfctfhire ftaymaker, were fu&cieoc Whenever tafte or fenfe (hall interpofe to drefs her in the moll elegant fa fie of to amend, by a flight improvement, the the modern fafhion, or indeed to put her mere deficiences in the human figure, we in a way, that <hc could not poffibly drefs «iay fee by a Angle seitance how it is «rat of it. likely to be received. I am, A country family, whofo reafon for q As a lover of elegance, coming to London was to have their pic- Your admirer and humble fci van*. tures drawn, and principally that of the hopeful heir, brought him to Sir Godfrey An Account ef the late Rev. Dr. FosTta* Rneller. That JkiUuJ artift, foon dsfco- . n vering that a little converfe wit* the Frm tie Pvmc Adviitism. .world might, one day or other, wear off "T\R* James Fofler was born at Exeter, the block which to a common obferver I M Sept. 16, 1697. His grandfather. obfcuied the man, Instead of drawing was a clergyman at Kettering in North- Itim in a green coat with fpaniels ; or, D amptonrtrirc. His father was educated in the more contemptible livery of a fop, by a diflenting uncle, and was himfelf a playing with a lap-dog, DiJTenter j and by trade a tucker or fuller ». l - • r±t j x-- tn E*on. His mother eileemed one of the Os bmunx fMtr.e duhu ^ ^ womcfV He gave him a foul darting with a proper At Ave years of age be was put to the spirit thro* the rufticity of his features. I free-fchoo) at Exeter \ and had his gra*a~ met the mother and fitters coming down mar learning under Mr. Thorpe, who flairs the day it was finished, and I found £ drtcovered in him fuch a genius, that he Sir Godfrey in a mod violent rage above. boafled of him as the glory of his fchool. '< Look there/* fays he, pointing to the Here his intimacy commenced with Dr. picture, •• There is a fellow ! I have put Conybeare, the prefent bifhop of BriftoJ. tome fenfc in him, and none of his fami- Thence he was removed to an academy in ly know him.** the tame city, kept by the Rev. Mr. Jofeph Sir Godfrey's cenfcioufnefs of his own Hallet, fen. with whom he finished his flu- fklll was fo well known, that it expofed dies, receiving his learning gratis ; which him frequently to the banter and irony of he always thankfully acknowledged. Hem die wits his friends. Pope, to play him * he was admired by his tutor and fellow off, faid to him, after looking round a fludents, as having natural abilities fupc- room full of beauties that he had painted, rior to moil ; a quick apprehenfion, folid " It is pity, Sir Godfrey, that ym had judgment, a happy memory, a free coro- not been confultcd at the creation.** Sir manding elocution. Godfrey throw his eyetftrong upon Pope's He began to preach at the age of 10 JhouJders and anfwered, " Really, I years and fix months, in the year 17a* diould have made fame things better." Soon after which a ftorm began to gather. Hot the punifhment for this profanenefs Q and an attempt was made to impofe arti- amrfued our wit AiJl further. dee of faith : So little did Prottrtant Dif* It is remarkable, -that the expletive Mr. fen ten understand their own profe.Tcd prin- .Pope generally ufed by way of oath, was ciples. —Clamours running high againft " God mend me !** One day, in a difpute him he was prevailed upon to accept of an with a hackney coachman, he ufed this ex- . invitation to Melborne in S&merferfhtre, 4 B x . where Digitized by VjOOQlC

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564 Account cf the tate Rev. Dr. Foster. Dec. where he confirmed till fome of his hearers, lived with him to have made too deep an who had caught the common infection, impreflion on his tender fympathifing tpi- made the place oneafy to him : So that he rit. An abatement of hi* vivacity was removed to the Rev. Mr. Billing/ley's at henceforward djfcernible, till the year Afhwick under the mountains of Mendip. *750» when in April he was vifited with Here he preached to two poor plain con- a violent diforder, of which he never tho- gregations, one at Colesford, the other at roughly recovered, tho' he preached as wookey, near Wells $ both which did *^ often as lie had an ability till Jan- 5. not bring him in above 15I. a year, yet he 1752. Three days after he bad another retained great chearfulnefs, and porfued (hock ; ever 15 nee which, tho* with fome Iris ftudies With clofe application. It is snvervals of mitigation, his djforders havo probable from the dates, that at this place been too moving for any particular dcfcTip- fie wrote his eflay on fundamentals, and tion : They were fumewhat of the para- his fermon on the refurrcclion of Chrift lytic kind. His intelie&ual abilities were proved and vindicated j for they were greatly impaired, efpedally for the laft 2% published in 1720. months. It is obfervable he never once Thefe pieces raifed him many enemies. B difcovered in his moil fenfible feaibns ef He removed to Trowbridge, and boarded refleclion, any uneafinefs with his theolo- with Mr. Norman, a reputable glover. gical fyftem ; but to the laft fpoke w*tb His congregation here did not confift or- great diilatisfaction of the narrow and dinarily * f more than 40 or 30 perfons j confined fc hemes of the divine mercy. and fo very inefficient were his finances In a lucid interval, about fix weeks before for his fup^ort, that he had thoughts of his death, he ipoke with great ckarnef* betaking him fell* to fome fecular employ- *nd connexion upon thofe words of the ment. (His refuting to ftarve was no in- Q apoftle, ** If in this life only we have - ffication of his want of chearfulnefs $ and hope in Chrift, we are of all men the moft his chufmg rather to have learnt the trade miferable /* applying them to his own of Mr. Norman, than feck for fuccour in condition. Ten or eleven days before be the eftablifliment, is an early inftance of fintfhed, a dead palfy Aruck his right fide, His fteadinefs in the principles of non- but he remained It nil We, and much more conformity j of which he gave later tefti- calm, even till be breathed his lalt, which monies in declining the large offer made was on the 5th of November* him by Dr. Rundcll, hi/hop of Dcrry.) w Uis otner works, befides thofe already But providence raifed him up a friend ^ mentioned, are his traels on herefy, a- In Robert Houlton, Efqj who took htm gaintt Dr. Stebbing J, which JoA liin Into his houfe as liis chaplain. no reputation. Several funeral ferrnons* In the year 1714 he was chofen to fuc- Four volumes of fermons on various fub- ceed Dr. Gale at Barbican j and en the jecls. His account of lord Kilmarnock j iff of July was ordained co-paftor with the which- drew out ill-natured and hitter Rev. Mr. Jofeph Burroughs, with whom cenfures, that reflected more infamy on " he laboured above io years •• their authors. His two volumes of dif- In 1731 he publifhed his valuable De- E courfes on natural religion and focial vir- * fence of Chriftianity againft Tindal ; of tue, which had 2000 fubfciibcr* j a terti- • which Tindal always fpoke with great re- mony of publick efteem, of which, per- gard. And in the year j 744 he was chc- haps, no other divine can bcaft 5 hot ' fen to fucceed Dr. Hunt in the partoral this laft effort of his abilities proved too 'charge of the Independent church of Pin- much (or his conftitution, and he funk ners-halF. Flere he preached his firft fer- un<Jer theft, his labours, mon, Jan. 6, 1745. The firft eclat given him as a preacher, In December 1748, the university of p which threw him on the wings 01 lame, Aberdeen conferred on him the degree of was by a pbyncian of rank and eminence, doclor in divinity ; in doing which, they held in great- efteem in this city, who hap- 'declare, they fought rather to rertecT- ho- pening to pafs by the houfe where he was nour on rhomfelves, than to do him ha- preaching, and (landing up for flielttr from nour, by rightly placing the academical the Vain, heard a few Sentences, and was 'dignity, the principal value of which is charmed, wenttn, fiaid the whole time, thfc being at once highly merited, and en. and upon all occaions- fpoke cf him with tirely unfoKched. emphatical efteem as a preach. r. The His attendace on lorj! Kilmarnock, in q Sunday evening lecture, begun in 1718, «AuX* *7t& t» is thought by thofe who which he carried on at the Old-Jewr) tor above * ^t JhoU jufl add to this account, that this ii a Baptift congregation, that Dr. Cah ws •nfy an cjjylant preacher, and that Mr. Fofier had, font time bjcre, received haftijm hj ;»- nrrficn. f Set Lond. Mag. for AugUJt, 1746, p. 40S. \ Jkftra&t of thtjewth &% Z;t^n£Sanfv,trsm*y&efe<niBovrM3i£:fori7}St 1736, and 1737. Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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753- GAMING bumormify expefcd, 565 hove 20 years, till his bodily weaknefo feflion : They would cpnfider, that iu- bliged him to quit that fervice, (hewed duftry and application might fet things eyond difpute, that his popularity ex- right, and make them almoft as rich as their eeded any thing yet known amorg the younger brethren. Intercft would charm 'rotefhnt Diflenters. And of the ufeful- them to virtue, though they had ft opt tfs and fuccefs of thefe lectures he had a their ears to re-fon and cunfcicnce : For irge number of written tefiimonials from all well bred perfons are agreed to deleft nknown as well as known perfons. * poverty more, if poflible, than leari.in^j ret his popularity did not rob him of his itfelf. umility and modefty. Still it will be urged, that the daughters For farther particulars of this truly of gamefter% are unprovided for in this "od man, we mall refer our readers to fcheme, whom cuttom, if not nature, is funeral fermon by Mr. Fleming, from hath barred from all refources of induftry, vhence we had the above { and winch except, fuch as are beneath the dignity of arther informs us, that his beneficence • noble birth $ and therefore in the cafe vas fo extraordinary, that he never re- above-mentioned, they are inevitably ex- erved any of his appointments for bis B poled either to poverty or contempt, wn future ufe $ but his poor brethren in It is confetied, their education differ* he miniftry, the widow, the fatherlefs, from ouri : 'a hey cannot flouri/h at rhe he dift relied, were his treafury. And bar, or bluftur in a campaign : But they tad it not been for the 2000 fubferibers to may exercife their genius at whift, or lis di'fcourfe on natural religion, &C. he their courage at the brag table j the card nuft have died poiTefled of fcarce any pro- aiTamblies are ftill open to their induftry, >crty. the nobleft fcene, wherein the female ta- q lents can be exerted $ neither is any great iXTSACTS from a pamphlet lately publijb id, fund neceflary for this, if we conndcr the entitled, A modeft Defence ot Gaming, known prerogatives of the fcx 5 when d'Jign:d bumoroujly to expofe that ptrciciovi they win, they have fpeedier payment \ Vice. when they lofe— they have longer credit. . And certain it is, whatever pain it may IT is further alledged agamft the praise give us to confef* it, the ladies have the ot gamine, that the heirs of great fa- powers of gaming in greater perfedioii nilies are often ruined by the vice* of tnan the men : What enthufiafm in their heir parents, and reduced from a date of D hopes ! What judgment in their fears ! iffluence to ftruggle again ft poverty with what Jkill in changing places and veering 1 fpirit broken by difappointmenf. about, when the wind of fortune is in Let us argue this matter calmly. The their teeth '. How HextrouQy do they (huf- nifchiefs ot a vicious education are uni- fle j How crjticaUy do they cut ! Eiow fcrf*Hy lamented j and 1 hope all will revent or cowed the efle&s of a vicious can prttenJ to do. duration, and to fecure our youth from But fuppoftng they had no rcfource j it ntemperance by the lalutary reftraints of \% olliy a particular infiance of diArefs vant and poverty. It is the confidence from which no ftatehith been exempted; >f inheriting great eftates that naturaHy an accidcnt by which the be ft purpofes of >eget* idlenefs and debauchery j and do induftry and virtue have fometimes mif- ve cenfure thofe whofe unwearied pric- carried : It is no difgrace to a gamefter ice it is to abate this confidence > It is to F that he i3 foiled by fortune, who hath hi* independent fpirit we owe the cXiA- lurched generals in her time, and ftatef- nce of thofe creatures that walk upright, men too when they have looked wifeft. nd are called bucks : And from this u ic islikewife alledged, that gaming has lerived that monllrous brood of country a tendency to deitroy all diflindtions of quires, whofb foe bufinefs and pleafure rank and quality, for that many perfons t is to kill foxes 5 a practice that cann6t 0f the moft foidid and obkuic families afily be juftified, becaufe thofe animals are heieby introduced to fami.iaritie* with lo left mifchief in a manor, and are a far q the great, by which the dignity of the nore rational vermin than themferves. p- age is debafetf. But if the -principles of play were du|y With fubminton, T am of a different ttended to, the heirs of gaming-famiTles Opinion $ I think the dignity of tlje ironJd reflect on their precarious fituation, p — r-ge is moft effectually dtbafed fcy nd ihelter themfelves in fomc liberal pro- pride, and exalted fey condefcenfion. : f What Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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$66 Stoiv of ALMET the Di it vise. Dec. What on be more amiable than to fee a (hip, and leave no traces of my exiftenct perfons of the highcft rank vying with more durable than the furrow which re- each other to card* an unfortunate man, mains after the waves have united. If in that is making a defperate pufh with the the treafiiries of thy wtfiJoro, there b aa? laft handful of guineas he has in the precept to obtain felicity, vouchsafe it to world ? PropoAng betts with fo much af- me : For this putpofe I am come -9 a pur- lability, taking his money in fuch a frientV pofe which yet I feared to reveal, left Uke iy manner, and adminiftring the laft onV * all the former it mould be difappointed." ces to him with fuch a fund of humanity ? A Almet UAened, with looks of ailoninY* 1 fee no juftice in excluding every ftrangcr ment and pity, to this complaint of a be- from an EO table, thatojtnnoc produce* ing, in whom reason was known to be a Cdigrcc traced from the conqueit : If he pledge of immortality : But the serenity s the drefs, and purfe of a gentleman, of his countenance Coon returned j and, that is fumcicnt : A* for a full and true ftrctching out his hand towards heaven, j account of his birth, parentage, and edu- Stranger, faid he, the knowledge which I ' cation,— let that be refcrved for another have received from the prophet, I will j time and place. B communicate to thee. To fay the truth, theft queAions about As I was fitting one evening at the family are more for curionty than ufe, and porch of the temple penfive and alone, do but ferve to delay bufinefs. For when mine eye wandered among the mukito*k a dozen carrion-birds are met together in that was Scattered before me ; and whtk a field, and get fceat of a carcafe, I ne- I remarked the wearinefs and folicitude ver could obl'crve them debating whether ■which was viable in every countenance. it were an horfc or an aft they were a1>out J was fuddenly Aruck with a fenfe cf to devour : All they do is, to vote them- q their condition. Wretched mortals, kM fehres hungry, and fall on without farther I, to what purpofeare ye bury ? If to pre. ceremony. ' duce happinefs, by whom is it enjoyed » Do the linens of Egypt, and the filks of The Adtihtviii, Dec. 8* Perfia, bellow felicity on thofe who wear _ _ _ . r .. them, equal to the wretchednefs of yen- Spcrat nf<fitit metmt femndtt ^ flaVft$ whoo| , ^ ]e^int Oie camels Alteram Joritm btnt pr erratum tfcat |„ing them ? h ^ fin€fte* of *t Pcfluu Hoa. texture, or the fpkndor of the tints, re- aLMET, the dervife, who watched D garded with delight by thofe, to whom X\ the (acred lamp in the fepulchre of cuAom has rendered them (amiliar ? Orcaa the prophet, as he one day role up from the power of habit render others infennhit the devotions of the morning, which he of pain, who live only to traverfe the de- liad performed at the gate of the temple fart • a fecne of dreadful nniformity, with his body turned towards the caft and where a barren level is bounded only by his forehead on the earth, faw before him the horizon j where no change of pro- a man in fplendid apparel attended by t £ fpect, or «a;iety of images, relieves tkt long retinue, who gated AedfaAly at him traveller from a fenfe of toil and danger } with a look of mournful complacence, pf whirlwinds which in a moment may and leemed defuous to fpeak, but unwil- bury him in the fand, and of thirit whic* line to offend. the wealthy have given half their poJTcnV The dervife, after a fhort filencc, ad- oos to allay ? Do thofe on whom heredi- *anced, and faluciog him with the calm tary diamonds fparkle with unregarded dignity which independence confers upon hjftre, gain from the pofterTion, what is humility, requeued that he would reveal bft by the wretch who feeks them m the his puruofe. * mine \ who lives excluded from the com- u Almct, faid the Aranger, thou fecit rnon bounties of nature 5 to whom even before thee a man, whom the hand of the vjcitfutude of day and night U not profperity has overwhelmed with wretch- known j who fight in perpetual daricneCs, ednefs. Whatever 1 once deli ted as the and whofe lite is one, mournful alternative means of hapoinefs, 1 now poflefs -t but of infcnfibility and labour ? If thofe am 1 am not yet happy, and therelore I de- not happy who poffefs, in proportion as fpair. I regret the lapfe of time, becaufc thofe are wretched wlio beAow, how vain it glides away without enjoyment j and Q a dream is the life of man ! And if there as I expect nothing in the future but the it, indeed, fuch difference in the value of 'vanities of the paA, I do not with tltat exiftence, bow (hall we acquit of partia- the future mould arrive. Vet I tremble lity, the hand by which this difference has left it (houki be cut off 5 and my heart been made t links, when 1 anticipate the moment, m While my thoughts thus multiplied, and which eternity (hall clofc over the vacuity my heart burned within me, I became of my tifc, hkc (he tea upon the path 'of 5 fenuhfc Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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r 753. The Way to Happiness, an Allegory. 567 enfihle of a fudden influence from above. and barren \ on the path there was nor The ftreets and the crouds of Mecca dif- verdure, and the mountains afforded no ippeared. 1 found myfelf fitting on the (hade ; the fun burned in the Zenith, and' iediviry of a mountain, and perceived at every fpring was dried up ; but the valley ny right hand anan*el, whom I knew to terminated in a country that was pteaftnt « Azoran, the minifter of reproof. and fertile, (haded with woods, and rVhen I faw him, I was afraid. I cart adorned with buildings. At a feconcf nine eye upon the ground, and was £ view, I di ("covered a man in this valley, bout to deprecate his anger, when he meagre indeed arid 'naked, but his coun- ommanded me to be filcnt. 'pen before thee ; look up, confider it ° pain, and fometimes he (topped (hort as in d be wife.0 if his foot was pierced by the afperities of I looked up, and beheld an inclofure, the way : but the fprightlinefs of his ►eautiful as the gardens of Paradife, but countenance inftantly returned, and he >f a fmall extent. Thro* the middle, prefled forward without appearance of re- here was a green walk ; at the end, a pining or complaint, viid defart ; and beyond, impenetrable 4 turned again toward the angel, im- larknefs.. The walk was (haded with patient to enquire from what fecret fource rees of every kind, that were covered at C nappinefs was derived, in a fituation fo Mice with blofibm* and fruit 2 innume- different from that in which it might have -able birds were tinging in the branches 5 been expected j but he again prevented ha graft was intermingled with flowers, my requeft : " Almet, faid he, remember which impregnated the breeze with fra- what thoo had feen, and let this me- (rance, and painted the path with beauty t mortal be written upon the tablets of thy >n one fide Aowed a gentle tranfparent heart. Remember, Almet, that the world iream, which was juft heard to murmur in which thou art placed, is but the road >ver the golden fands that fparkled at the j} to another ; and that happinefs depend* >ottom j and on the other were walks not upon the path, but the end 1 the ind bowers, fountains grottos and caf- value of this period of thy exigence, is :ades, which diverfifled the fcene with fixed by hope and fear. The wretch who •nditfs variety, but did not conceal the wifhed to linger in the garden, who pounds. looked rourfd upon its limits with terror. While f was gazing in a tranfport of was deft i rut e of enjoyment, becaufe he lelight and wonder on this enchanting was deftitute of hope, and was perp*~ pot, I perceived a man dealing along the tually tormented by- the dread of loftng /ralk with a thoughtful and deliberate E tliat which yet he did not enjoys The >acc : His eyes were fixed upon the earth, fong of Hie birds had been repeated till it ind his arms eroded on his bofom: he was not heard, and the flowers had fo bmetimes ftarted, as if a fudden pang had often recurred that their beauty was not eized him 4 his countenance expretTed fo* Cpen ; the river glided by unnoticed j and tcitude and terror j he looked round with he feared to lift his eye to the profpcclfc, 1 figh, and having gaaed a moment on the led he (houtd behold the warte that ch*- lefart that lay before him, he (eemed as cumfcribed it. But he that toiled thro* f he Wifhed to (top, but was impelled p the valley was happy, becaufe he looked brward by fome invifibfe power $ his forward with hope. Thus, to the fo* eatures, however, foon fettled again into . journer upon earth, it is of little moment 1 calm melancholya his eye was again whether the path he treads be ftrewed, ixed on the ground, and he went on as with flowers or with thorns, if he per~ >efore, ' with apparent reluctance, but ceives himfelf to approach thofe regions, vithout'emotion. I was (truck with this in comparifon of which the thorns and appearance j and turning rraifcly to the the flowers of this wildernefs lofe their* ngd, was about to enquire, what could q diftincSioo, and art both alike impotent >rttduce fuch infelicity in a being, fur- ** to give pleafure or pain, o uncled with eytty object that could What then has eternal wifdom ua- ratify every fenfe : but he prevented taef equally diflributed ? That which can make equeft : " The book, of nature, said he, every flation happy, and without which 1 before thee j look up, confider it and every ftation rmm be wretched, is ac- ►e wife." I looked, and beheld a valley quiied by virtus j and virtue is pofflble to tawecn twe mountains, thst were craggy all, Digitized by VjOOQIC

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£68 Description of Birmingham, Sec. Dec. sUl. Remember, Almet, the vifton which thou had feen j and Jet my words be written on the tablet of thy heart, that thou may* ft direct the wanderer to hap- pinefs, and juQify Cod to men.*' While the voice of Azoran. was yet founding in my car, the profoec? vaniflitd from before me, and t found myfelf again a fitting at the p^rch of the temple. The fun was gone down, the multitude was retired to reft, and the folemn quiet of sjaidnight concurred with the refolution of my doubts to complete the tranquillity of toy mind. Such, my Ton, was the virion which the prophet voudhfafed me, not for my fake only hut for thine. Thou haft fought fe- B licity in temporal things j and, therefore, thou art difappointed. Let not inftruclion pe loft upon thee, as the fcal of Mahomet in the well of Aris : but go thy way let thy flock doath the naked, and thy table feed the hungry j deliver the poor from opprcfoon, and let thy conversion be above. Thus malt thou " rejoice in q nope," and look forward to the end of life as the confummarion of thy felicity. Almet, in whofe breaft devotion kindled is he fpake, returned into the temple, and the ftranger departed in peace. A. Ltqtjif*** Anfwer to his own Que ft ion. {See September Magazine, ^.415) D D A • • £ 28 ED LET AE reprefent the' la^tudc, from » whence the three fliip* fet out, AD the whole courfe of the firft, Be that of the fecond, and D E that of the third. Now letxrrrAB, then we have thefcthrce Proportions. jr:5ot:*8:I122=CD x !£2 » 28 :: 27 s 1£^=DE: Whence this * 1400 Equation. *7 x 4»7c6 756X x 1400 37800 x + 1058400 = 756 *z . XL — ye/tion in Logarithms, if A. Liquier* I Demand the logarithm^ the number 3095338386721, with the fyntbethic • See Mr. Stent's demonftration, which may be as a genera! theorem, to find the logarithm of any number whatfoever. A gagrapbieat Paradox, by A. Liquier. THERE are two places upon the earth above 1000 miles diftam from each other, and yet the fun rifes in both places exactly at the fame time. h our Magazine for 1752, tr* inferred a corrtQ Ma? of the County of Warwick, together with a Dcferiptfon of the /jmt, p. 491, A92 J in which we gave fime Atccunt of the Town of Birmingham, fi- tuate in that County. And as we have here presented our Reader t with a Beautiful Vi 1 w of that famous Town, we fiali add a few more Particulars concerning it. BIRMINGHAM is 88 computed, and 106 meafured miles North-Weft from London. It is fituate on the fide of an hiH in the weftern part of the souetofr where it borders on Staffordshire and Worcefterfhire. It is a large and very populous town, and full of iron and fteel manufactories, efpecially of the fmaller, forts ; in which the inhabitants fo greatly excel, that their works are carried in great quantities to all parts of the world. It is one of the moft noted towns in England for this fort of manufacture, in which abundance of hands are employed, fo that one miy hear a continual noife of ham- mers, files, and other inftruments made ufe of in it. It has a moft plentiful mar- ket on Thursdays for cattle, com, malt, and all manner of provifions j and two annual fairs, viz. on Afcenfion-day and at Michaelmas. This town was a lord* (hip before the Norman conqueft, which, denomioatibn it ftill retains, being go- verted by two conftablas. It is of Jate years greatly improved and enlarged by many new buildings, both pubhek and private $ particularly a church bcilt by virtue of an aft of parliament paned in the 7th year of Queen Anne, which it dedicated to St. PhlTip ; a charity- fchool, wherein ate maintained and taught up- wards of fifty boys and girls $ and a free grammar- fchool, founded and hai dfomely endowed by king Edward VI. now re- built in a ftately and commodious form. Explanatxok of the V I E W. 1 Dcretend chapel. — a Mr. Richard's houfe. *— 3 St. Martin's church. — 4. The Market houfe.— 5 Eafy Hill, Mr. Baiker- vill's* — 6 The f ree-fchool — 7 The tea ware- JH>ofev**~S Mr. Cooper's windmill. St. Philip** church. — 10 The river Rea.— t r Mr. Cooper's houfe and water mill.-* it The fteel works — 13 The new chapel, 14 Tl* ^"'^tfedbyC

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1753- L^to i0 * Lady. Remarkable Cafe, &c. 569 — 14 The braft works— 15 The .road to equal to the length of a pendulum which Vauxhall.— 16 The workhoufe.— 17 The vibrates as many times in a minute as it ftation where this drawing was taken, is inches in length ? near the London road. Q*eft. a. What curve is that, whofe Litti* it a LADY, $n the Death •/ **definite quadrature i* exprefled by l!j her Mother. a T^rM*A*- kA rmark*M* Ctf' of * M« hwm deaf t marMa&m, A From Timpliman'; Memoirs of the AS I have the greateft regard for you, Royai Academy of Sciences at Paris. t cannot hear of your being in _ -.„ v .... . - . v trouble, without participating in fome A/| *A'™lbx™*r * member fthe aca- sneafure with youY therefore Uke the £**J™yt?{ ^P*°~.>* Cent an liberty (and hope you'll pardon me) of ??OU-n to th« acadcmy of ^nces of a deflriigVou not 7o give way toimmode. ^^t^\V^n*7ifS!9hnt4 rate gfief, for the misfortune which ha. of>. **** tin Vt^t*^*"™^ lately befallen you, as you are fenfible * '??*£££?£" *}%* HJWJ fate deals alike by all, and there is no «&, V^k^L **** ** *■■* ftate exempt from death and forrow, for * *on? hlbi;th' T1 *U °f * fuddr ? man was born to labour, grieve and die, £? * * the,rSrc* ^^^ of the And as fortitude and patience are the wholc towtt- Thcyk,"rnt from *■»' tha* greateft marks of a good STriftian, which £"? or four months before he had heard I am fully fenfible you are, I flatter my- }^ fo«nd of bells, and had been extreme- felf you will bear up againft your »if- lf **&* and with the few ideas that he re- you my thoughts on this melancholy ceived by his eyes : He did not even infer occafion, and hope you will pardon this from xhs comparing thofe ideas all that freedom, as nothing but a fmcere regard one would think he might have inferred, could have induced me to it. This was not owing to his not having O-n-h, Kent, lam, Madam, naturally a good underftanding } but the March 15, 1753. Yours, &c. R ttndcrftandin^ of a raan' d*Prived of. lh* commerce of others, is fo little exercifed, T«ra Queftions, by £. Johns on of Hull. and fo little cultivated, that he thinks no QUEST. 1. It is required to deter- more than what he is indifpenfably forced mine the greateft parabola that can to by external objefts j the great fond of •u mfcribed in a cire'e, who.'f radius it the ideas of men is in their reciprocal December, 1751, eemmerce. M ' 4C •« Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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57° ^DIALOGUE, Sang by Mr, Lowe and Mift Stephenson. cm*. 5BF^U.Jj.J**gfeM3f =£ fufftr me longer to court you in rain, And FU love yea fincerely for &ste#tS&&&=rw\ -*rm ver, And rillove you flncerely for ever, And ni a^if+r |ff f#»fffil-«**=r=t= PbiUiu ks-X* ag£gE^gpE-'j|Jjj jj^g love you fincerery for ever. Ah Colin, my haart was about feg^^d^g^ggd^B 3^ i^^^^^^fe^^ ^y# to comply, But what ray hope wifhes my fears wtH deny. I can zns CWrir. P&V/rV. Can. never be your*. What nev,er ? No never, Ic^n never be yours. What i never ? No never, I ne'er can be yours. Digitized by VjOOQ LC C*7*

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Poetical Essays in DECEMBER, 1753? 571 Colin. Fye. Phillis* how cin you ftill trifle with love ? way with your fear*, and my paflion approve, When I tell you Til love you forever. Pktihs. Fye, Colin ! how can you ftill teazc me in vain, hen I fold you before, and I t it to the fecond and third woman at the fame time, and turn all three-:, the * woman foot it io the fecond and third man, and turn all three, then of their own es £ , crofs over two couple ~, right and left half round, and turn .the toD couple the n>ft couple be in the fecond couples places £• Poetkal E^8A vs in DECEMBER, R U S. Imitnum »f Milton's Mtafure in VAIltpo and il Penferofo. Fhmina amans fyfoafy; inghrius Viae ^zll'.tittn: alii rarisfrcr: caea — ftnttnnt aufas itlimin<i return, IENCE vanity and noife, Hence empty pride and loofe im- pertinence, -J all yc tinfel'd toys ! hit into folly* $ fiurcs betray the fenfe; to tke foioaky town, Mierc lowering hang th* unremov*d clouds of night, d f^arcely Cynthius bright lends thro1, the tainted aira tim*rous ray, n" nog the fickly da/ ) or mansions dark that wear a joylefs frown, ; welcome, peace, f»vcct (huling moid 1 d innocence in white array 'd ; :u liberty, who chcars the fwain, , ih fcaerking plenty tA thy trtjin j *753- And nature drefsM with carelefs pride, Leading gay fancy by her Ode : Hail 1 hail ! to thee, (laid folitudc. Hail ! goddefs j let none elfc intrude, Whi^ as the morn from th' eaftern clime Advancing o'er the peaily rime Rolls the gold breaking clouds away, And (beds abroad the new-born day : With thee retired from mortal eyes My foul to diftant regions flits 5 The moral or the phyfick page, Th* Achaian or Hefperian fage, Or thofe that blefs a modern age* In this devoted filent hour Unlock rich wifdom's wondrous ftore. Welcome, ye goodly plants, fo fair, That erft have been my tender care, Thro* whom a troop of zephyrs kind . Soft breathe the gentle- warbling wind, Or waft to yonder neighb'ring bower The fragrance of each woodbine floWer: That bower a calm and cool retreat, From July*? flaring npontjd* heat : } . Digitized by VjOOQLC

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57* Putical Essays in DECEMBER, 1753. Where with trim madrigal of Gay, Or rural Spencer's fimple lay, 1 lull into a peaceful reft The roving paflions of my bread. ' Oft winding thro* the mazy (hade, By thofe wide branching beeches made, I feek an hollow (unlefs dale, Or the more fpacious woodland vale, Where herds retiring from the blaze, Raging without, in fhelter graze : The incenfe-breathirig kine that pafs, The living verdure of the grafs, The rufh-fring'd rill that purls along, The lark that chaunts his airy fong, Confpire at once to pleafe my fight, And wrap my fcnfes in delight. See ! fee beneath yon hawthorn (hade Fair Phillis with her Damon laid ; Their eyes the fofteft joys impart, Looking the wifhes of their heart : When with a kifs he plights his tioth, Its influence calls fweet blufhes forth t The weft thus breathes upon the fpring, Thus does his breath her rofes bring. Sometimes to the field I go, Where damfels rang'd in goodly mow Spread amidft a fragrant ftream Fre(h clover to the rip'ning gleam ; Or thro* the vifto's lengthen'd way * Up yonder high brow* d hill I ftray j Where in the ruftlck tow*r reclined The opening views dilate my mind ; The planted clofe, the enamel'd ground, The various objects fcattcr'd round : Here church, a village, and a green, There the rang'd mountains (hut the fcene. Mine eyes ftill fed with fre(h delight Thro* meads in flow'ry mantle dight Trace the fmooth — la's winding ftream, Where lightly fports the funny beam } While (low by willow rows he wanders Wantonly hiding his meanders Among the reeds that round him throng, Who, as he gently glides along, Aye wave their fiiaggy locks and nod, Courteously bowing to the god. Soon as th* eve- bird from hazel fpray •Gins lull to fleep the drowfy day, And twilight on his faffron wing Bears in the fober evening, On fomc green bank retir'd from care J lift to the jingling bells from far : The peal now runs along the (kies, Now in the fportive bieezes dies, Returning in a flood of found, The woods then tremble all around. ' Oft rapt in thought and flow I rove Darkling amidft thefcrious grove j Where filencc fits in folemn ftate, While lift'ning horrors round her wait : Save when rude Auftcr's gufty breeze Itins growling o*cr the claming trees j Or diftant crovv of chanticlear, Or feow'ring leaves aroufe my ear 5 Or the myftkk fcream of owl, 1 Or the mailings midnight howl, > Startles the loft forgetting foul. ) Here meditating I digeft, As holy paflions fill the breaft, Thy fable-mantled * mule, O Young, Or, fov'reign Milton, thy fam*d fong f» Majeftick fraught with power divine T'inftrudi and charm ; wbofe glowing bos Clads the almighty King in arms, All heav*n refounding with alarms j Far from the world, far from control!, Shakefpear pofleflcs all my foul j Whilft in imagination's eye Hamlet's pale glioft ftalks ghaftly by. Hark ! a voice runs thro' the air, A voice which bids the world prepare : •Twas this pcrplext the Theban % kiag, As Dryden*s tragick rmife doth fing : *Twai this appall'd Mackbeth of yore, And bad good Duncan fleep no more: This voice affrights the guilty ftill, Still, ftill forerunsthe murderer's will: But he that wears a conference dear, To virtue** fteady rules Sincere, Undaunted liftens to the found And bids the bufy fhapes dance round, While all alone, unvext by folly, He dares be pleas*d with melanehoty. When deep his timely dews doth (fad, No hideous ph* ntoms haunt my bed, But led by Morpheus* magick train I lightly (kirn the furgy main s Or featcd in Elyfian bowers Bedeck my Sylvia with May flowers, As on her breaft the zephyrs play, And am*rous pant their foul away ; While me with more than modem fcsfe Defcants on virtue's eloquence ; (When beauty pleads the golden caefe Her leflbn more attention draws. Than all the labour-gather* d rules Sought in philofophy andfchools.) Or on fantaftick pinions bore Thro' the vaft realms of air I foar, Up Parnafs* fruitful hill I climb, Run o*er the day a fecond time, Then tell, perhaps, my dream ih rhynsc An Allecosy, attempting to exptrt Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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Poetical Ess ays ^DECEMBER, 1753 573 To the pleas'd eye tht beauties of her form. [lap Then follows Autumn, bearing in her The bluflung fruits, which fummer*s ful- try breath [wreath Had mellow*d to her hand. A cluttering Of purple grapes, half hid with fpreading leaves, [locks Adorns her brow. Her dew-befprinkled Begin to /alJ, her bending moulders fink, And active vigour leaves her fober fleps. Winter creeps en, fhriveJ'd with chilling cold 1 [beard Bald his white crown, upon his filver Shines the hoar froA, and ificles depend* Rigid and flern his melancholy face j Shivering he walks, his joints benumn*d and AiflF $ [trunk. And wraps in northern furrs his wither** And now, great Nature pointing to the train [bine, Her heaven-direc^cd hand, they all com- ln meafur'd figures, and mylterious rounds, [the found To weave the mazy dance : while to Of Pan's immortal pipe, the goddefs join'd fmufe, Her voice harmonious j and the liflening Admiring, caught the wonders of her t theme. [" and good T " To God, fupreme Creator ! great " All-wife, almighty parent of the " world ! [" Idve, «< In choral fymphonies of praife an<r " Let all the powers of nature rahothe " fong ! < The watry figne forfakiog, fee, the Am, * Great father of the vegetable tribes, * Darts from the ram his all-enlivening * ray. [' yielding breaft « When now the genial warmth earth's ( Unfolds. Her latent (alts, fulphureous ' oUs, P pel, * And air, and water mixt j attract, re- ' And raife prolific ferment. Lo ! at « length 4 The vital principle begins to wake s < Th* emulgent fibres, ftretching round * the root, [' eonvey'd ' Seek their terre&rial nurture j which, * in limpid currents thro* th* afcending * tnbes, [' cells, « And Arain'd and filter'd in their fecret « To its own nature every different plant ' Aflimilating changes. Aweful Heaven ! * How wondVous is thy work ! To thee ! < to thee ! • Myftc- • Myihologiftx have thought the unkerfal nature of thfngs to he fignifjfd by this rod 5 and that bit pipe, tempofid of [even rerds, <wOs the Jymbol of the /even planets, vtbicb they fay make the harmony of the fpbera. f- According to Dr. Boerbaavt and other modern phi lofrpbers, ell the motion in nature drifts farm fire ; and taking that emay, all thing* wooda become fixt and immoveable : Fhids tvevfif become fofid 5 a man would harden into a fialue ; and the very ah would cohere into a firm and rfgid niafs. t The f&ilofiphy of tin hymn it built on that wr- fcrimmal foundation, laid by the karred and tngemm Dr, Bales, in bis Vegetable Staom. A mingled wreath of fruits and flowers entwines. [hue, Her robe, with every motion changing Flows down in plenteous foldings, and conceals Her fecret footfteps from the eyes of men. Lift ! lift i what harmony, what heavenly founds [* Pan, Enchant my ravifh'd ear ? *Tis ancient Who on his feven-fold pipe, to the rapt foul Conveys the fancyM mafic of tbe fpheres. See, by his Arams the elements infpir'd, Join in myftcrious work 5 their motions led By f active fire, in windings intricate, Sut not perplext, nor vague. * And who are they ? What pair obeying in alternate rounds The tuneful melody ? Majeftic one, And grave, lifting her aweful forehead, moves In (hadowy filence, borne on raven wings, Which, waving to the meafur*d founds., beat time. A veil obfeures her face 5 a fable ftole, Bcdeek'd with fparkung gems, conceals her form ; [brow. And wreaths of bending poppy crown her The other, rsis'd on f wan-like fpreading plumes, Clides gayly on 5 a milk-white robe inverts His frame tranfbarent $ in his azure eyes Dwells brightnefe 5 while around his ra- diant head, A mining glory paints Iris flying robe, With all the colours of the watry bow. Proceeding now, in more mejeftic fteps, The varying feafons join the rayftic train. \n all the blooming hues of florid yonth, Gay Spring advances foiling : on her head [buds, A flow'ry chapfet, mixt with verdant Sheds aromatic fragrance thro* the air ; While tittle Zephyrs, breathing wanton gales, Before her flutter, turning back to gaxe, With looks enamour' d, on her lovely face. [bearded ears Summer fucceeds, crowned with the Of ripening harveA j in her hand me bears A mining fickle 5 on her glowing cheek The fervent heat paints deep a rofy blurti : Her thin light garment, waving with the wind, Flows loofely from her boibmj and reveals

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574 Poetical Essays in DECEMBER, 1753. My fterlous power belongs s Summer's ' fierce heat Encreafing, ratifies the du&ile juice* See, from the root, and from the bark * imbib*d, Th' elaftic air impels the rifing fap. Swift thro* the item, thro* every branch- ' ing arm, £« flows, And (mailer (hoot, the-vivid moifture Protruding from their buds the opening * leaves : [' flows out Whence, as ordain'd, th' expiring air In copious exhalations $ and from '' whence Its nobleft principles the plant inhales. ' See ! fee ! the (hooting verdure fpreads ' around ! [' fcene ! Ye fons of men, with rapture view the On hill and dale, on meadow, field, and ' grove, {« light to dark, Cloath'd in foft mingling (hades from The wai dering eye delighted raves un- * tir'd. [' na's blooms, The haw thorn** whitening bum, Porno- " And Flora's pencil o*er th* enameU*d « green, [biffer*d, " Sea my bbff4 " And to no ftmlei but mine refign thy fate* u Beneath the pregnant branches nfi awhile, if Which by my culture fpread this favoured " On that fair tree the fruits of rvry eoafi, " All, vobtcb the Ganges and th* Volga boafi, " All, vtbicb the funs luxuriant beam *j "fuptlics, " Or fawfyripent under fraaten fides, " Jn mix* d variety of growth artfu ?' The copiovs leaves bancjictuctdsjfufe, " lybieb on ajfiicHm drops reftcriug dews, *' And birds of hope among the loaded jjbrays ^ *' tune with enchantment their alluring I u lays (« raJfe. C 4t To cheer defpondence and th* ina&ive J u Rrfl here, Jbe erf d, and fouling time again " May firing thy lyre, aid I approve cat " ftrain^ At length bit mufe from exi/c be reeaBs, ' Urg*d by bis patrons in Aogttfias toallu Thofe gonrous traders, who alike fufiaiu Their nation's glory on th* obtdiat mam, And boanieosuraife afiiBwts. drooping train, They', who benignant to bis toils afford Tbotr Jbfk'rrng favour) botve tit mufe. n- pofyd. They in her future fame vjill ptfih (bare, But her difgrace berfclf mufi fingjy bear ; Calm, hours of ' learned letfine they have give*, And could no more, for genius isfrombeavn* » To open new ber kxg bid roll foe tries, Whe4 varyd forms offiflurd pa£uns rife. Revenge and pride t bar fur us JirJtsmfoU, By artlefs virtue faulty ccntrouPtL Scenes wrought with gentler pencils thenfutyti, rfhfre Uve perfuada a faithful %cife u bleed \ ePbers* Digitized by VjOOQLC Ft I \

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Psetital Ess ays in DECEMBER, 1753. 575 Where, join'd to publidt certs, domeftitk wot Is fan from tnanly fortitude tofiow. But if her colourt mock tbt candid eye By fpurious tint?*, umnhc'd with nature's dye, it friendly bands, reflrain your fruitlefs aid, And witbjuft cenfurt lit ber labours fads. EPILOGUE. 8poken by Mr. Havard. JtfOfr- wt have fiewn tbt fatal fruits of M A hero bleeding with a virtuous toift, A field of war tmbrud with nation's gore, Wbicb to tbt duft tbt bopts *f Albion bore, Jf weak description, and tbe languid flew Of ftrains unequal to this thane of wot Haw faiV dtp move tbe fympatbyzing brtafi, And nofoft eyes tbeir melting ftnfe exfreft j Not all tbt wit, this afitr pent might fiare, Can give fucctfs, wbtrevo* refits' d a tear | Much lefs, if haply fill tbe pott's art HatbfioVn perfuafivt to tbt feeling heart, Will be with fancy's wanton band effact From gen'rous minds companion's pleafing tract, Hor from tbeir thoughts, while penfivt they purfut This snaxt cfforrow, fnaub tbt moral tlut : Jf yet to bim tbofe powers of (acred fong To melt tbe heart, and raifi tie mind btlong, Dar'd be to hope, tbisjkttcb of early youth Might ft and th' award of nature and of truth : Encourag'd thus, hereafter might be four JVitb double ftrengtb, and loftier f Cents explore, And fallowing fortune through btr various wiles, Shew firugglmg virtue, drefs'd in tears, or /miles ^ Ttrhaps bis grateful labours would requitt With frequent off" rings out propitious night* Paologur to the ROMAN RE- VENGE, a Tragedy, by the Uto Aaron Hill, Efqj afted at Bath. CT*ELL mt> yt matclle/s fair ! Yt feariefs brave ! h there one Briton — born to be afiavt ? Nf. —While your prince half Europe'* rigbts maintains, Nor fouls, nor bodies, itre, tanfioop totbsbs* Angels, and Englishmen, like homage pay, Bow, but from love,— -and, but by Met obey. £*yal, to rcafin's rights, notflavery's Awe, The fins offtccdomferve tbt kings of law \ Ail, toi:h no dogs on fenft, no clouds on art, But let in truth's, whole light, to cbtar tbt heart* Such, once, was Rome— to ftrengtb, not luxury , train d: Veen liberty was bars, ar.dvirtwt reign d : Sufe, in ber win felt power, and bluntly brave, She /corn d alike to be — or make— afiavt* No puny popeling, jrcf, mans birtb-rigbt Hold foe, r? th" invaded empire—of tbt soul ! J* tarn, pridtJefs rule bound fiort ambition's fleas But left thought^ art, faith, hope, and con- ference free. [rtign'd. Far other fame washers, when church-craft " Then, every cherub* S face, with gall, wot ftain'd: Sweet-ey d religion, fow*rd, byprieftly leaven, Frown d on pale peat* — and fiotk ber keys at beavtx, [fraall, More than ber Maker's rights, fit found too And nmrtmtr'dr, that bis grants coudgivt— but all : Wild, inconfifitnt, blafpbemons, and vain, Rtvtrs'd God's laws— to propagate bis reigns Her creeds taught curfes.—Htr proud febook dtbatt, Nothing, but fool, afiattery, 'fcap'd her hats. Sbt lov'd obedience,— but fie lev' die blind t And, faftlier to/uhdut, debas'd mankind. No pardon, there, lee Britain' s fins prefume 2 Freedom, and truth, are Hxrrtjcks— at Rome. Religion's dark'ners will no reverence feel For faith, that bears no traft, and blinds ha xeals \from wiles, Learning, uncurb' d by cant ; Truth, wafi'd An tartb, that rtafins — and a heaven that /miles : Homage, that no J edition can betray, Yet liberty that laughs at lawlcfs /way. Such bad tbt world's vain un'ftrefs, then, been f ram' d, [cJaim'd ; When this night's ftory Rome's attention Freedom bad nurs'd no/on tt blaft ber reign, And Cslar bad a foul, without on* ft a\n. ytf« Evening Contemplation /W Col- lege, being a Parody on The Elegy in a Country Church-Yard •. By another Gentleman of Cambridge. TH E curfew tolls the hour 0/ ctofing gates, [key, With jarring found the porter turns the Then in his dreary raanfion flumb'ring waits, And (lowly, flernly quits it— tho* forme. Now mine the fpires beneath the paly moon, [reign, And thro1 the cloyfter peace and (Hence Save where fome (idler fcrapes a drowfj tune, Or copious bewls infpire a jovial (train : Save that in yonder cobweb-mantUd room, Where lies a (Indent in profound repofe, Oppreis'd with ale, wide echo* thro* the gloom The droning mufic of his vocal nofe. Within thoie walls, where thro* the. gUmm'nng (hade [heap, Appear the pamphlets in a mold' ring Each in his narrow bed till morning laid, The peaceful fellows of the college deep. 'Ihe • Set Lond. Mag, for 17 51, p. 134, Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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5?6 Poetical Essays in DECEMBER, 1753. The tinkling bell proclaiming early pray'rs, The noify fervants rattling o'er their head, The calls of bofinefs, and domcftic cares, • Ne'er rouze thefe fleepers from their downy bed. [cial fire, No chatt'ring females crowd their fo- No dread have they of discord and of ftrife 1 [fire, Unknown the names of hu(band and of Unfclt the plagues of matrimonial life. Oft have they baik'd along the funny walls, [weight : Oft have the benches bow'd beneath their How jocund are their looks when dinner calls ! [plate ! How frnoke the cutlets on their crowded O let not temp'rance too - difdainful hear [ners left j How long our fate, how long our din- Nor let the fair with a contemptuous fneer On thele nnmarry'd men reflexions caft ! The fplendid fortune and the beauteous face [moan) . (Themielves confefs it and their fires be- Too foon are caught by fcarlet and by lace: Thefe fons of (cience (hine in black alone. Forgive, ye fair, th* involuntary fault, If thefe no feats of gayety difplay, Where thro9 proud Ranelagh's wide echo- ing vault Melodious Frafi trills her ouav'ring lay. Say, is the fword.well fuited to the band, Does'broider'd coat agree with fable gown, Can Dresden's laces (hade a churchman's hand, [town ? Or learning's vot'ries ape the beaux of Perhaps in thefe time-tott'ring walls refide [fair ; Some who were once the darlings of the Some who of old could taftes and facti- ons guide, Controul the manager and awe the play'r. But fcience now has all'd their vacant mind [alted views } "With Rome's rich fpoils and truth's ex- Fir'd them with tranfports of a nobler kind, [the mufe. And bade them (light all females— but Full many a lark, high- tow'ring to the fry. [light ; Unheard, unheeded greets th' approach of Full many a ftar, unfeen by mortal eye, With twink'ling luAie glimmers thro' the night. [lefs bread Some future Herring, that with daunt- Rebcllion's torrent (hall like him oppofe 5 Some mute, fome thougbtlefs Hardwicke here may reft, (foes. Some Peiham, dreadful to liis ceuinry's From prince and people to command applaufe, [bate, 'Midft ermin'd peers to guide the high For who, to thoughtlefs ignorance a Neglects to hold (hort dalliance with a book? Who there but wifhes to prolong his ftay, And on thofe cafes cafts a ling* ring look ? Reports attract the lawyer's parting eyes, [quire ; Novels lord Fopling and Sir Plume re- For fongs and plays the voice of beauty cries, And fenfe and nature Grandifon defire. For thee, • who mindful of thy lov'd compeers Boft in thefe lines their artkfs tales relate, If chance, with prying fearch, in future years, Some antiquarian (hall enquire thy fate. Haply fome friend may (hake hi* hoary head T4 he ran And fay, ' Each morn, unduU'd by (rolls, ' With hofe ungarter'd, o'er yon turfy ' bed, [< jam •* To reach the chapel ere the pfalms be- ' There in the arms of that lethargic * chair f4 high, ' Which rears its moth devoured back fo * At noon he quaff 'd three glafies to the * iiif, [c eye, f And por'd upon the news with curious * Now Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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Poelical Essays in DEC E MB E R, 1753- 577 Forget myabfeiK fteps, and naufing ftray, Where penfive melaucboly marks the li- * Now by the fire, engag'd in ferious « talk * [« ftand ; * Or mirthful converfe, wouM heloit'iing 4 Then in the garden chofc a funny walk, * Or launch'd the polinYd bowl with ' rteady hand ; [' of pray'r, . ' One morn we mifs'd bkn at the hour * Befide the fire, and on his fav'rite green 5 *■ Another came, nor yet within the chair, 4 Nor yet at bowl), nor chapel was he ■ feen i [' b'ring (hire * The next we heard that in a neigh- * That day to church he led a bluming * bride ; [« fear ' A nymph, whofe fnowy veft and maiden ' improved her beauty while the knot was * ty'd. [s of viitue, beauty, fenfe unite ; Thcie climes awhile the lucid object cheers, [fpheres. Too foon (he fets and mines in diAant Abandoned I furvey the lone letreats, The foleran Rook wood * walls, and yew- capt feats, December, 1753. * Rochw*i.Rall xt. EJex, where the Udy refided lap fntmcr, betfrsmt tbt $*#. \ At*U cypreji befirt tbt i tuft* 5 lent way. [dome ? Ah 1 where's the fun that gilded late the Aurora waiting on the royal room f ? Summer, while D— a ftay'd, provok'd her foy9 [were gay. When D — a fmil'd, the groves and fpririg* Pleas'd Phoebus mot a warmer, genial fire,- Bid nature revel, and ev'n Sk— s defire. But nature droops, fince D— a'» fled the green, And hoary winter dares deform the fcene; Winds, rains, and ilorms intrude; the cyprefs J there [fair, Unfiles aloud, and mourns the partirig Nor wit, nor jocund fancy cheers the place, [race. O'ercaft with Hooding fwains, an iron Oh tbt Death of a Ladf* Squirrel. OH Httle Scug ! lie gently, earth, For he was gentle from his birth t Ah cruel death ! was iuch a prey, So fraall, fo trifling, tho' <b gay, Worthy thy pow'r ? Ah cruel death ? Why had thou robb'd poor Scug of breath * Poor Scug 1 thou prettied thing that e'er With blithfomc fportings footh'd the fair j How oft I've feen the wanton rove Unqurftion'd thro* the feats of love ! How oft my Lucy to delight Play o'er thy tricks ! at noon, at night Poor Scug had always fomething new, And yet 'twas fomething pretty too : But, oh ! he's gone, his tiicks are" o'er ; And pretty Scug can pleafe no#more. For all thy pleaiantries now pad (Oh ! that they could not ever laA !) Accept thefe numbers, nor refofe The grateful ofFring of the mule, I, pretty, little, tiny thing, Could give no more unto a king. •- Lucy, each morn, upon thy bier Shall drop (O precious gem !) a tear. Oxon. Trin. Coll. Kxtem poax : On a Drawing of the Cotm- ttfi of Hertford'*, afterwards Dutcbefs of Somerfet. TH I S piece to lateft times whea mown, Hertford, ihall dignify your own j Where as a vifitor you- came, Juit ihew'd yourfelf, and left your name. So, Prior fays, fome years ago, Apellci left his name at Co. Learn hence, ye nymphs of Britain** ifle, How Hertford writes, and mark her ftyle. 4 D THE Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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THE Monthly Chronologer. v \ JE had an account from Briftol, that on Sunday, Nov. 25, one Jonas Le- vi, a travelling Jew, was found barbaroufly mur- dered between Aberga- venny and Crick bod, in Monmouth ihire,- and his box plundered of aim. -ft. a!> hrs ^ods. It appeared he was ftrangLd, a belt being git t and buck- led exceeding tignt round his neck, and that afterwards his brains were beat out, two large Aakes out of the hedge lying by him, as alfo fevcal pieces of his (cull. H;s box was left by him, being plunder- ed of all the plate, except one tea fpoon and a piece of another : Some hard -ware, likewife was ieft in it. His pockets were turned our, and all his money gone. Tho value of lus plate and money is imagined to be worth upwards of 100I. The co- roner fat on the body where it was found, and the jury brought in their verdict, vihul murder 1 And in order to bring to juilicc the perpetrator of it, the Jews re- fiding in Biillol promifed a reward of sol. to any perfon that (hall apprehend the murderer, fo he be convicted of the fame ; to he paid by the clerk of the fynaerngue. —Towards the end of the month we were informed, that the inhuman villain was taken and committed. On Nov.#30, William Alexander, Ifq; citizen and tallow-chandler, was unani- moufly elected alderman of Coniwainers ward, in the room of Edward Iron fide, Efq; the late lord-mayor, deceafed. The fame day the anniverfary of the birth of her royal highnefs the princefs dowager of Wales was celebrated, who Chen entered into the 35th year of ber age. Monday, May 3. Jackfon and EdgelJ being ordered to be tranfported for life, the feven other male- factors condemned the laft feiTiocs at the Old Bailey, were this day executed at Tyburn, viz, Horncblow, Shields, Hai- ley, Clark, French, Fair brother and Sul- livan. (See, their fcveral crimes in our Mag. for October laft, p. 48*.) The fame day, at a general court of the free Britim fiihery, his royal highneft the prince of Wales was re-efected governor, as was Mr. alderman Bethell prefidcnt, and Mr. alderman JanfTen vice prefidcnt. Tuisday, 4. qrhe Kt. Hon. Thcmas Rawjinfon, Efq; the new lord-mayor, with the court of aldermen, preceded by the worftiipful company of grocers, of which his lord- fhip is a member, proceeded in a grand manner (his brdfhip's coach being drawn by fix horfes adorn'd with ribbons) from Cuildhall to Tower-hill, where he was fworn into his high office before the Rt. Hon. earl Ccrmvallis, conftable of the Tower j as is ufual when a lord- mayor dies, and the couYis are not fitting. (See P- 533-) Friday, 7. At the feflions at the Old Bailey, John Hamilton was capitally convicted for the robbery and murder or lord Harrington's cook, (fee p. 437.) and received fentence immediately according to the late act. Saturday, 8. Mr. John Bell was tried at the fame feiTions upon an ir.diexment for bigh- treafon, for having in his cuftody a prefc for coinage, againit theftatute of the Sth. and 9th of K. William; and fevera! que- ftion* of law of great confequence aridng, Mr Bell was, by confent of the attorney- general, of council for the crown, and Mr. Davy, of council for the defendant, found guilty, but fubject to the opinion of the twelve judges, and the judgment to be refpited accordingly. The council for the crown were Mr. attorney and fol- licitor- general, Mr. Banks, Mr. Ord, Mr, Pairot, and Mr. Williams ; and for the defendant, Mr. Davy, and Mr. Gafcoyne. Monday, to. Hamilton, abovementiooed, for the; murder of lord Harrington's cook, was tbjs day executed at Tyburn, and his body delivered to the furgeons, purfuant to hi: fentence. He died a^Roman catbo- lick, ffnd denied the robbery and murder to the laft. The fame day the feflions ended, when the 8 following malefactors received fen- tence of death, viz. Dennis Neal, fcr robbing John Rixton, near the Fcur.dT ling-Hofpital 5 John Mafon and Joftph Welch, for robbing John Humphry* of a watch and one guinea, near Iflington ^ Robert Keys and Crace Granett, for rob- bing William Nafh of about 30s. near Coldbath- Fields $ John Smith, (or horfe- ftealing ; Stephen Barnes, for breaking the dwelling-home of John Purford, and (leafing a guinea ; and Richard Hutton. for lfrturning from tranfportation. T*is- Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1753* *& MONTHLY CHRONOLOGER. $79 TutSOAlt, If. A \a%t of the 26 Perfons appointed Truftees */" the Britilh Mufeum (late Sir Hans Sloane's) in the A3 of parliament for that purpcfe. (See p. 44, 89, 101, 193.) Archb. of Canterbury, lord high chan- cellor or lord keeper, lord high treafurer or firft commuTioner of the treafury, lord Jirefident of the council, lord privy feal, ord high admiral or firft commimoner of the admiralty, lord fteward of his ma- jefty's houmold, lord chamberlain, ditto, bi/hop of London, the two fecretaries of ftate, fpeaker of the houfe of commons, chancellor of the exchequer, lord chief jo ft ice of the King's Bench, matter of the rolls, chief juftice of the Common Pleas, attorney- general, folicitor-general, presi- dent of the royal fociety, president of the college of phyficians. All above for the time being* Charles lord Cadogan, Hans Stanley, Efqj Samuel Burrows, Efq; Thomas Hart, Efq; William duke of Portland, Edward earl of Oxford and Mortimer. The archbishop, the lord chancellor, and the fpeaker of the houfe of commons, have the nomination of all the officers, afliftants, and fervants. A confiderahle number of the above- mentioned truftees met this day at the Cockpit, and, in purfuance of the direc- tions of the faid at>, defied the follow- ing 15 perfons additional truftees, viz. Archibald duke of Argyll, Hugh earl Qf Northumberland, lord Charles Cavendifii, Hugh lord Wilbughby of Par ham, Hon. Philip Yorke, Efq; Sir George Lyttleton, Bart. William Sloane, Efq; James Weft, Efq; Nicholas Hardinge, Efq; Sir John Evelyn, Bart. Charles Grey, Efq; Wil- liam Sctheby, Efq; Thomas Birch, D. D. John Ward, L L. D. Mr. William Wat- fon, F. R. S. Thursday, 20. At a court of common council field at Guildhall, the antient oaths of office to be taken by the conftables, inqueft men and fcavengers, were oi-dered to be laid afide, and fuch others were prefcribed as are in the power of every confeicntious perfon to difchsrge. His majefty went to the houfe of peers, and gave the royal aflent to the following bills, viz. An aft to repeal the aft to per- mit perfons profeflmg the Jewifli religion to be naturalized by parliament : An aft lor the better fecuring to conftables and others the expences of conveying offen- ders to goal, and allowing the charges to poor perfons to give evidence againft fe- Ions : To the land-tax bill of as. in the pound, the malt- tax bill, the mutiny bill, one private bill, and fevers! naturaj&Mtion bills* MAaiiACis aid Btatas. Dec. 6, \/f ILES Branthwayt, Efq; of iVl Norfolk, to Mifs Souther- ton. 8. John Befl, Efq; of Lincoln Virin, councilor at law, to Mrs. Brad (haw, re- lid of John Bradmaw, late of Watford hi Hertfordfhire, Efqj it. William Hallett, jun. Eft]; to Mifs Hopkins, daughtef of John Hopkins, Efq; of Britons in fcflcx, a fortune of upwards of 30,0001. Thomas Winn, Efq; of Achton in Yorkshire, to Mifs Duncalf, of Higheate. 15. Samuel Henry Ponr, of LincolrTs- inn, Efq; to Mrs. Lethieuillier, relift of Manning Lethieuillier, Efq; of Bee ken - ham in Kent. 18. , ■ Williams, Efq; couhfello? at law, of Serjeants-inn, to Mifs Capper, of Southampton buildings. Sir James Caldwell, Bart, and count of Mtfan, to Mifs Hort, eldeft daugh- ter of the lare abp. of Tuam, and niece to the ear! of Shelburne, in Ireland* 22. Mr. Jofeph Gafcoync, youngeft fon of Sir Crifp Gafcoyne, Knt. and al* derman,to Mifs Chandler, a io,oool. for- tune. The hdy of Charles Gore, Eftj; memb* of parliamant for Hertford ll lire, delivered of a fon. A Dec. 5. The lady of Sir William May- nard, Bart, of a daughter. 6. Countefs of Kildare, of a daughter* Lady Dorothy Hotham, wife of capt. Hotham, of Duke-ftrcet, Weftminfter, of a daughter. 15. The lady of the Hon. £apt. Rod- ney, of a fon. 26. The lady of the Hon. Thomas Vil- liers, Efq; one of the lords of the admi- ' ralty, of a fon and heir. Dxatbs. THOMAS Clargis, Efq; only fon of Sir Thomas Clargis, Bart, in France. * Sir Danvers Ofborn, Bart, lately ap- pointed governor of New- York s He died a few days after his arrival in that pro- vince. Nov. 28. Rev. Jofeph Harrlfon, at CI- rencefter, father to Sir Thomas Harnfon, Knt. chamberlain of London. 2Q. Hon. lady Cookes Winford, relic* of the Bart. he Hon. Sir Thomas Cookes Winford, The Rt. Hon. lady Jane Douglas Stew- art, only fifter to his grace the duke of Douglas, and fjpouf* to John Stewart, Efq; a lady poffefled of all the virtues of her (ex ; a dutiful daughter, the bed of wives, and a moft tender afleclionate mo- 4 D a «hex| Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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58o DEATHS, PREFERMENTS. Dec ther; of moft unbiafled, diflinterefted friendship j mod eartenAve charity, bene- volence and humanity to all in diftreft } with an affability, courtefy and humility, that heightened her illuftrious birth, and gave a luftre to her virtues a Die bove the fevere and undeferved trials (he under- went with the heroick gieatnefeand firra- nefs of mind natural to her family } and died perfectly religned to the divine will, endifturbed at her difappointments in this world. She left iflue only one Ton, the other having died about nine months ago. Rt. Hon. the oountefs of Hyndford, mother to the prcfent earl of Hyndford, one of the x6 peers for Scotland. Dec. 3. The moll noble Richard Boyle, earl of Burlington and Corke, vifc. Dun- gaivon, baron Clifford of Lanelborougb, and baron Boyle of Youghall, hereditary lord high treafurer of Ireland, lord licut. of the weft riding of Yorkshire, and county and city of York, and vice-admi- ral of the fame, one of bis majefty's pri- vy-council, and knight of the moft noble order of the garter. His lordflup was ' one of the fit ft introducers of the natural art of gardening, which at prefent pre- vails in England ; and likewife a lover and encouiajeroi the polite arts, parti- cularly architecture, of his (kill .and taftc in wh'.ch many fpecimens remain. He is fucceeded, as lord high treafurer of Ireland, by the earl of Orrery, that poft being annexed to the earldom of Corke. 4. The moft noble Sackvillc Tufton, earl of Thanet, baron Tufton, and baro- net, lord of Skipton in Craven, and he- reditary flieriff of Weftmoreland and Cumberland! He is fucceeded by his on- ly fon Sackville, now earl of Thanet, Ac. Rt. Hon. the countefs dowager of Ba- rymore. 9. Thomas Brooke, Efq; barrifter at law, and one of the commiffionors of bankruptcy. 10. The moft noble Henry Hyde, earl of Clarendon and Rochefter, vifc. Corn- bury, vifc. Hyde of Kenelworth, baron Hvde of Hindoo, and baron of Wot ton- . Is of 80. He was ious Edward Hyde, ind lord chancellor, irles II. and his on- , dying in May laft, , tin St. >f Croft-caftle in He- [e is fucceeded by his e name, a cape, in joon guards. Scott, lifter to his eclcugh. 13. Hon. lad/ 4Uce Byme, daughter of lord Slane of the kingdom of Ireland, and reli& of Sir Gregory Byrne, Bart, of that kingdom. 16. Hon. col. Butler, brother to lord vifc. JLanefborough, and adjutant general of the forces in Ireland. 18. Henry Polhill. Efq 5 brother of Da- vid Polhill, Efq; memb. of parliament for Rochefter, and of thailes Pol lull, Efq; firft commiflioner of Excife. 20. Rev. Mr. Jefler, one of the pre- bendaries of Chicbefter. The lady of William Baker, Efq; al- derman of BaftHhaw ward, and lifter to Jacob and Richard Tonfon, Efqrs. book- fellers in the Strand. a i. Sir Thomas Grefley, Bart, who was lately ele&ed memb. of parliament for Litchfield. aa. Hon. Mrs. Colebrooke, wife of Robert Colebrooke, Efq; member for Mai- den in Eftez ; fhe was daughter to the lord Harry Pawlet, and niece to the duko of Bolton. ac» Sir Thomas Bootlc, knt. memb. for Midhurft in Sufiex, one of the king's council, and attorney general for the county palatine of Durham. 26. Mr. Robert Brown, an eminent hiftory painter. The death of Sir Harry Hicks, Bart* proves a miftake. EcCLtSlASTXCAL Pi tFlE m'eXTI. From tbi Lokhon Gaxxttx. BERNARD Mills, M. A. prefente* by his majefty, to the rectory of- Hitcham, in Suffolk 5 and Thomas heath, M. A. to the vicarage of Helmerton, in Wiltfhire. Frwm tie other Papers. Mr. Robert Vaux, prefent cd by the lord chancellor, to the rc&ory of Curt on - liaiynNortlumptonmire. — Daniel WaroJc, M. A. by the hon. Fulk GreviHe, Efq;, to the rectory of Tringford, in Oxford- Ihire.— Mr. Thomas Hill Jackfon, to the reftory of Holmes Pcirfon, in Notting- hamrturc. — Richard Criggs, M. A. to the vicarage of Ryal cum-Monkton, in Wilu ihire. — Mi'. Thomas Rogers, to the rec- tory of Trevanion, in Cornwall. — Rich.. Ward, M.A. to the reclory of SauM- Brook, in Lincoluflure. — Thomas Jordan, B. D. to the reftory of Weften Under hill, in Wxltihire. Mr. Chapman, chofen by the dean and chapter cf BriftoJ, a minor canon of that catkedral.w-.Thomas Role, B. A. prefented to the vicarage of Hinton St. Leonard, in Dorfctfhire. — Samuel Moore, Mf A. to tlie reSory of Lowtb- grange in Devonshire.-*- — Ai colt, M. A* Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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PROMOTIONS, BANKRUPTS, &c. 5*1 "753 by the carl of Coventry, to the vicarage Bromlidge, in WeftmoreJand. — John Der- by, M. A, to the rectory of St. Peter in the Stoke, in Hampmire.— John Lock- man, M. A. to the reaory of Dunitable, in Bedfordshire. --Mr. Rous, by the hon. PhUip Yorke, £Cq; to the rectory of Clap- well in Bedfordshire. Potts, M. A. by the duke of Mancheiier, to the re&ory •f Bearfton, in EOex. Pa omot 1 on* Civil end Military, From the London Gaiitti. MORDAUNTCracherode, Efqj made Ueu:. governor of Fort St. Philip in Minorca, in the room of lieut. gen. Churchill, deceafed : Lord George Beau- clerk, governor of Landguard fcrt j and John Maitland, Efqj capt. of an inde- pendent company of invalids tfoing duty there: Both in the room of Mordaunt Cracherode, Efqi— Lord Charles Hay ap- pointed col. of the late lieut. gen.- John- fon's teg. of foot; Richard Piertbn, Efq; capt. or lord Charles Hay's company in the firft reg. of foot guards $ Edward Urmfton, Efqj capt. lieut. and Knevet Wilkm and Edward Pownal, Efqrs. lieu- tenants in the fald regiment.— Byam Crump, Efqj appointed major to col. Du route's reg. of foot.— Thomas More Molincux and John Lefly, Efqrs; made lieutenants in the 3d reg. of foot guards. Fnm the other Papers* Mr.Thomas Smith, attorney at Dartford, elected coroner for the county of Kent.— "William Rowley, Efqj admiral of the .white, rear-admiral of Great B.itain, one «f the lords of the Admiralty, and mem- ber of parliament for Taunton, knighted by his niajefty, and inverted with the en- figns of the order of the Bath.— Michael Jordain, Efqj made a captain in the regi- ment of Welch fuzileers. — William Mott and Richa: d York, gent, elected coroners for Cambridgeshire.— George Cragie, Efqj made lord piefident in Scotland. — Rev. Dr. Bcarcroft, appointed by the governors, mailer of the Charter-houie, in the room of Nicholas Man, Efqj deceased. B— KB— TS. JOHN Gibfon, of St. Clement Danes, holier.— William Downing, of Exon, fcrgemaker. — John Cox the younger, of the parifliof St.Olave,Soutbwark, button* maker and inopkeeper.— William Sander- fon, of the panto of St. Mary Woolnoth, linerv draper.— John Ridge, of Chichefter, merchant. — Jofeph Sorton, of Chefter, merchant and wetglover. — Jabez Mar- chant of Briftoi, merchant.— Henry Webb and William Webb, of Chichefter, mercers j«d raalffterf ,— James May and benjamin tfay, of St. Leonard Shorediteh, weaver* and partners,— George Dipford, late o Fteet-ftreet, haberdatner of f mall- wares. —Edward Markland, late of Liverpool©, merchant — John Johnfton and David Fotheriogham, of Blackwell - hall - yardt Cateaton- ftreet, merchants and partners . -* Tho. Dorling the younger, of Bury St. Ed- mund's, merchant.— William Searle Peers, of Braintree in Eflfex, clothier.— Robert Lumb, of Wakefield in Yorkshire, clothief and fador.— Charles Chapman, of Union court, Broad-ftreet, cyder merchant.— Anthony Freeman, of St. Albans, dealer* — Thomas Valden, late of, Alton, in Hampthire, baker and meahnan.-— Ed- mund Palmer, late of ditto, carpenter and timber- merchant. — Ralph Bifhoprick, of Durham* woollen draper. — Samuel Smith, of Llai, in Denbtghtnire, timber- merchant; —Benjamin Catthrop, late of SpiHby, in Lincolnshire, grocer and tallow chandler.. — Robert Farmer, late of Bond Stables, within the Hberty of the rolls, coach- mailer.— John Robinfon, of Friday-ftreet, filkman. — Sydenham Shipway, late of Briftoi, linen-draper. —John Adams of North Walmam in Norfolk, mercer and grocer.— John Laurie, of York Buildings in the Strand, wine-merchant. — Robert Davis, of Spittlefields, weaver and vic- tualler. — Jofhua Mitchell, of Fording- bridge, Hants, grocer. — John Dixon of Egremont in Cumberland, merchant.— Henry Patient the younger, of St. Martin** in the Fields, woollen draper. — Henry Jeffery of Grocers Alley, bookfeller.— William Hughes, of Norwich, merchant. — George Freolick, of Hungerford mar- ket, wine merchant.— John Appleyard, of St. Sepulchre's, oilman. — AlexanderFatio, now or late of London, merchant.— John and Edward Brewer, of Cheapflde, haberdafliers and partners. — William John, now or kte of Fenchurch ftreet, victualler. —Robert Williams, of Abing- ton Buildings, Weftminfter, wharfinger. — William Partridge, late of Coventry, but now of Wood -ft reel, London, rib- bon-weaver. — William Cokayne, late of Cannon- ft reet, merchant. —Henry Bow- man, late of Penington-ftreet, m the parim of St. George in the eaft, brewer and vidualfer— William Sparke and Ed- mund Brydget, of the Strand, ironmon- gers. — William Davies, late of BrHrol, linen-draper.— Thomas Dover Hopkins, of Abchurch Lane, holler.- Jonathan Hob- foci, of Trrames-ftreet, upholder. —Daniel Wales of Peterborough, mercer and dra- per.—<FrancisHod$fon, of KnareSborough, Yorkihim, mnholder. — John Dale, of Sheffield in Yorkshire, mercer, woollen- lUaper, and dealer in cutlery wares. , BY Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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5Si FOREIGN AFFAIRS, 1753. BY totters from the Hagtae we learn* chat in coafequence of the aepre- fentationsmadeby that republick, in con- junction with hit Briunnick majefty, to the court of France, touching the new work 8 at Dunkiik, the French ambafiador has prefented a memorial to the prefident of the week, in which it is raid, ' That the court, in giving orders to dig a canal behind the barracks of Dunkirk, had no other intention, but to carry off the filth of the ftreets, which infected the air, and injured the health of the inhabitanes and garifon ; that they never imagined this innocent precaution could give any occafion for the fmalleft complaint ; that, neverthelefs, to give the maritime powers a manifeft proof of his moft christian majcfty's religious regard to treaties, and to remove every ground of uneafinefe, he had not only ordered the kid works to be ftopt, but alfo given directions for laying before their high mtghtineiTes a plan of Dunkirk, that they may Judge themfelves of the true ftate of its fortifi- cations.* But we have fince heard, that their high mightineues have fince had a parti- cular account of thtfe new works from one of their own people, which feye, that they manifcftiy tend towards re- storing that port to its former condi- tion j therefore they will not probably truft much to the plan of Dunkirk to be laid before them by the French mtniftcr. Nov. 6. The new remonftrances of the parliament of Rouen were Tent by four of their members to the French king j but however ftrong their reafoning may be, it can have no effect upon his moft chriftian majefty, for his majefty would not (o much as admit that parliament's deputies to an audience, but ordered tbem to return home dke&ly, (o that probably he may never be truly informed of what brought them to Paris, much Itfs fee the remonftrances they brought along with them. However, they are fince published ; and tho* they are full of re- tpe& for his majeft ft perfon, yet as they are both elegant and nervous, they will certainly add fuel to the flames of dif- cord now raging between the clergy and laity of that unhappy country* In the mean time the coup de grace feems now at laft to be given to the par* liament of Paris 5 for on the 7th ult. a cou- rier arrived fromFontainbieau atParis with a packet of letters de cachet, which were » foon after delivered by the mofqueteire* to the members of the grand chamber, and by which they were ordered to rfepair - dire&ly to SoiObns, and wait there till further orders. Thefe gentlemen being thus removed to a greater dihance from ^aris, and the time 6 xed for the expiration the commiffion of the chamber of va- cations being come, his majefty thought fit to eftablifh by his letters patent a new fort of court, never before heard of in France, to be called by the name of the royal chamber, and to hold its fittings in the grand, falon of the caftle of the Louvre. Nov. 12, this new court aflembled for the firft time, and war opened by a iblemn mafs of the Holy Ghoft, in the fame manner as the parliament ufed to do: The king's letters patent* were then rend for eftabli thing this new court, in which his majefty, after frtting forth hit reafona for eftablifhing it, explains his intentions, and orders it to Cake cognizance of all civil and criminal matters, and of thofe relative to the police, in the fame man- ner as was formerly pradifed by the par- liament. After which, thefe let ten pro- ceed to nominate the perfbns who thall compofe this chamber, among whom am moft of the great officers of ftate ; and concludes with a provifo, referring to his majefty a power to make fuch regu- lations as he (hall judge neceflary for carrying on the fervice, and for the good order of the faid chamber. (See p. 531.) But ft ill there was fomething wanting : It was neceflary for form's lake to have thefe letters patent regiftered fome where or othep Properly they ought to have been regiftered in the parliament $ but the par- liament was now no more : To funply this defe&y the court of the chatclet was applied to, and required to regifter them. Even that little court at firft refufed to obey ; whereupon one of their members was fent to the Baftile, and another a- voided being fent thither by abfeonding. After feveral meetings they were at laft informed that letters de cachet were ready to fend every one of them thither if they made any longer a fcfiftance, upon which' they adopted the doftrine of paflave o- bedience, and allowed the king's officers to regifter thefe letters patents in their regifter. But they have fince come to more vigorous refolutions j for that court having met on the 7th in ft. as foon as the lieutenant civil appeared, all the coun- sellors rofe up to go out. The lieutenant, aftonifhed, afked what was the matter ? They made him no anfwer, and with- drew without fpeaking one word, leaving on the table the following arret! Dm-

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The Monthly Catalogue /*r December, 1753. 583 Divinity and Cont*ovi asv. x. A VIEW of the Evidences of /\ ChriiVs Refurretfion.' By G. Benfon, D. D. pr. it. Robinfon. a. A new Eftimate of Human Life, pr. is. 6d. Owen. 3. TheRubrick in the Book of Common Prayer, Sec. conlidered. By T. Sharpe, D. D. pr.js. Knapton. 4. An Eflay on the proper Leflbns ap- pointed by the Liturgy, vol. I. Riving- ton. 5. A feriout Enquiry, relating to fome Paru of our Eftabhthed Worfhip, pr. is. 6d, Shuckburgh. Phtsick. 6. An Hiftorical DUTertation on a par- ticular Species of a gangrenous Sore Throat. By N. Torriano, M, D. pr. *s. Robinfon. 7. A Treati fe on the Bath Waters. By R. Charkton, M. B. F. R. S. pr. is. 6d. Dodfley. 8. Dr. Albert Haller's Phyfiology, * vols. pr. 128. Innyt. 9. A Treatife of the Virtue of Afles Milk. By F. Hoffman, M. D. pr. is. Whifton. 10. An Eflay on the Night-Mare. By J. Bond, M. D. pr. is. 6d. Wilfon. MlfClLLAKIOUS. 11. Valium Romanum: Or, The Hiftory, Antiquities, and prefent State of the Roman Wall, commonly called the Picls Wall, in Cumberland and Northumber- land : Jlluftrated with a Map thereof, and near 200 Roman Infcriptior.s and Sculptures. By John Warburton, Efq: Somcrfet HeraJd and F. R. S. on Royal Paper, Quarto, pr. iqs. 6d. in Boards. ' Baldwin. i». The.Analyfis of Beauty. By W. Hogarth, pr. 1 5s. 13. A Letter to a Perfon of fcrvpolous Confcience, about the Time of keeping Ch rift mas according to the New Stile, pr* 4d. Baldwin. 14. An Enquiry into the Confequence of the publick Debt, pr. is. Cooper. 15. An Hiftorical Account of Thomas Sutton, Efq; and of his Foundation in the Charter-Houfe. By P. Bearcroft, D. D. Birt. 16. A profound Meditation on Turn- pikes, pr. is. Griffiths. 17. A mode A Defence of Gaming, pr. is. Cooper. (Seep. 365.) 18. Memoirs of M. de Montefpan, pr. is. Cooper. 19. The fecret Hiftory of the Rye- Houfe Plot, and of Monmouth's Rebel- lion. By Ford lord Grey, in 1685, pr. as. Millar. ao. The Works of J. Houftoun, M. P. pr.gd. Bladon, a 1. A Lift of the Members of Ireland who voted on the Expulfion of Mr. Jones, pr. 6d. Carpenter. aa. The Clerk's Affiftant in the prac- tice of the Ecclefiaftical Courts, pr. 5s, Millar* 23. ACompleat Syftem pf Intcrcft and Annuities. By J. Hardy, pr. 2s. 6d. Payne. 24. Accurate Tables of Intereft, for all Rates and Time. By H. Moore, pr. 3s, Baldwin . 25. An Attempt towards the CharaQer of Mr. J. Muchlow, pr. 6d. Cooper. 26. A Vindication of the Royal Col- lege of Phyficians. By Sir W. Browne, pr. is. 6d. Owen. Poitky and Entibtaikmint. 27. The Dictionary of Love, pr. as. 6d«' Griffiths. 28. Deformity j an Eflay, by W. Hay, Efqj pr. is. 6d. Dodfley. 49. On the Management and Education of Children, a Series of Letters, written to a Neice. By the Hon. Juliana -Sufanna Seymour, pr. 3s. Baldwin. 30. The Poet, pr. is. Cooper. 31. The Roman Revenge, a Tragedy. By A. Hill, Efqj pr. is. 6d. Michell. (See p. 575.) 32. Boadicia; a Tragedy. By Mr. Glover, pr. is. 6d. Dodfley. (See p. 574.) 33. The Scotch Marine, 2 Vols. pr. 4s* fewed. Robinfon. 34. A Collection of original Poems, tec* fey J. Vearge, A. B. pr. 5s. Jeffries. 35. Some Reflections on the Tragedy of Boadicia, pr. 4d. Dodfley. 36. Religion, aPoem,pr. 3s. Hodges. 37. An Evenjmg Contemplation in a College, pr. 6d. Cooper. (See it at large, P- 575-) 38. De Ammi Immortalitate Poema, pr. is. 6d. Tonfon. 39. The Hiftory of Sir Charles Gran- difon, Vol. 5, pr. 4$. 6d. and Vol. 5, 6, in i2mo. pr. 5s. in Boards. 40. The Works of Horace, with the original Text, the natural Order of Con- ftrueTion witB Accents for the right Pro- nunciation, and a clofe and truly literal Englifli Translation, rendering this Au- thor exceedingly eafy and familiar to every Reader; the 3d and lafl Part, pr. 4s. and compleat in a Vols. pr. 7s. Baldwin. St IMOMI. 41. A Sermon, by P. Lloyd, A. M*. pr. 6d. Bathurft. 42. A Sermon on the Death of Dr. James Fofter. By C. Flemming, pr. 64. Payne. (See p. 563.) 43. Another on the fame Subject. By C. Bulkeley, pr. 6d. Field. 44. A Charge delivered at the Ordi- nation of John Siurch. By W. Foot, pr. 44, (fro*. Paicas Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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g O ^ SOW •• M m m m * ». WNrt vD +tm«\0 O JC' t.^2,JU, II I [ I I I I I I 1 .35-'" l i I iimji&i -2 II I I I I I II It Y>o «a0 o o q o c o o c g 1*8 » a "u _ ■4*8' ooqooooco « m # w*o MO » O M S5SSS599* • ill till *& 2 8g,S.^?.JSgi J|a« I .8 "3 4 £j*s3 pung I =1 o o o o o o o »© « >• O O O O * ft tl ft * ft ft «J O S "• m m ** 1* *+ m n •• m 1 •P *• «• 0) O O M xJ a,3 «5vo3\oS3 S3v5So« ?3 CS 3 ~*»~l«*.{4 I oooo O OUOOC oho ^.r^j — Ss invA >o »a v» v->«o OOOOOQ OQO « t) rt rt w o» o» o* o^ ». ^ M M NJJ M i v»^o t^to c> o - r» «p j (■ »^M> tv«0 Ov o *« « « n il tl «*n^ vl M M «» o *o «*>•• a. 5 8.^28 •si - I§222 Ooo o «<•• O «« — « T» ^ k «• or A3 228 ii - t« O T? fS a* • — *- *c " h ►- * c 2 £23 iZ~ 4 *• m ^ t«- » md 0 •• — r<* •c 6©S cr c~ m Oa© r* •" h 4, " OOO ++ — & PC~* « w «» OvftM M O ft - tl il &S-8 0 — O - * ^S £22 UiT • •• 52:3-

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APPENDIX TO THE London Magazine. MDCCLHL JOURNAL of the Proceedings and Debates in the Political Club/ continued from p. 555. jfs every Thing relating to our Woolhn Manufaclure is cf the utmojl Confe- qu;nct\ I Jkall ntxt give you a Debate nve had in our Club9 on the BUI pajed la/l SrJJion, for permit- ting the Exportation of Wool and A Woollen or Bay Yarn from any Port in Ireland, to any Port in Great* Britain * ; which ivas begun by L. Veturius Philo, ivbofpokt in Suhjfance thus. Mr. Prejident, • o S I R, '$ Ireland is united with us under the fame fovereign, and really a part of the Britifh dominions, I (hall always concur in C every thing that can >e thought of for rendering it a happy fid flourifhing xfland, without do- ng tt prejudice to the people of Appendix, 1753. • See London Magazine /• this kingdom ; out, I hope, the people of Ireland will forgive me, if I am again ft encouraging either their trade or manufactures at the ex- pence of the trade or manufactures of England. I know that every gen- tleman who fits here, oaght to look upon himfelf as one of the repre. fentatives of the people of Great- Britain, and not of the particular county, city, or borough for which he was chofen ; but I never heard, that we ought to look upon our* felves as the reprefentatives of the people of Ireland, or of any other of the Britifh dominions. It is there- fore the duty of every gentleman who has the honour of a feat in this aiTembly, even tho' he may have been born, or may have an eflate in fome of the Britifh dominions beyond fea, to confidcr in the iirft pKice the interelt and welfare of this kingdom : When a competition hap- pens between the interefl of thofe dominions and the inttrcft of any 4 E foreign r September ftf, j. 41 J, Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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5S6 Proceedings of tbi Political Club, &c. App, foreign country, we are certainly tation of Irifh wool : It is certain, bound to prefer the former ; but that all the lands in England are when their intereft happens to in- higher rented than the lands in Ire- jerfere with that of Great-Britain, land, and that the expence of agri- we are as certainly bound to prefer culture in England, by reafon of pur tjie jatter. This, I fay, is our duty, numerous taaes, far exceeds that in and it is our duty not Only as re pre- A Ireland ; consequently the farmers m fentatives of the people of Great- Ireland may fell their wool at a Britain, but in common juftice to much cheaper rate than thofe in the people we reprefent, becaufe England can poflibly do. Is it not they have always borne, and do fti.ll then a neceflary confequence, that bear much more than their propor- we muft either diminiih our rents, tional (hare of the publick expence. and abolilh moft of our taxes, cjr *Uor t))is reafon, Sir, I think it B that all our farmers muft in a fefr my duty to fuppofe the pafling of years become bankrupts? But our this bill into a law, becaufe there taxes we cannot aboli/h, becaufe they never was, I think, a bill brought are all engaged either for the pay- into this houfe, which tended more ment of the publick debt, or for directly to the ruin df the people of the necefTary fupport of our govern- this kingdom, and to the ftarving of ment even in time of peace. A di- sjaany thouiands of our poor. Thore C mi tuition of our rents then, and a is not a landed gentleman or a farmer vtry considerable one too, is the of this ifland, but muft be hurt by it; only method we can take for pre- and as to our poor who live by ("pin- venting the bankruptcy of our farm? ning, fjiould tiiis bill be parted into a ers. But can our landed gentlemen law, it will foon become impoffible bear this? They mull continue un- for them to earn their daily bread der the fame ailerTraent : They muft by that fort of labour ; and very D continue to pay zs. in the poun<} few of them, efpecially thole Qf the land tax, in time of peace, and 4s. female fex, can earn it by any other, in time of war, according to that What then muft they do? They affeflment: Is this (hewing the fame muft come wjth (heir children, if regard to the landholders in this tjiev have ^ny, upon the parifh ; ifland, of whom we are the repte- ana we all know, that every parifh fentatives, as to the landholders in in England is already charged with E Ireland, of whom we are not the a- poors rate abpve what they can reprefentatives ? And the partiality well bear : Or otberwife they muft is the more glaring, the tnpre cruel, fell themfelves for fervants to fuch as the latter are neither fubjec"k to an as will be at the expence of tranf affeflment nor to a land tax. porting them to Ireland or our plan- Sir, if this bill (hould pafs into a law, tations in America; which will ftrip it may be fuppofed that fome of our this country of fuch numbers of thofe F rich landholders, who are not very who now afljfl our farmers in their highly afleffed towards the land tax, hay and corn harveft, that it will ancj who have penetration and fore- be impoflible for them to manage light enough, will prefemly begin their farms. to lower the rents of all their farms Thefe,' Sir, are fome of t^e moft which have any fort of fheep walk, obvious cpnfequences of this bill ; but the far greateft part neither can but as it cpnfifts of two diftin&G nor will; the confequence of which, parts, ' to wit, that relating to the muft ])C, that all fuch farmers will importatipn of wool, and that re- foqn be undone, and at laft the land- . latingto the importation of woollen- lords Nvill themfelves be undone, by yarn, I fhall cdfider them diftinflly; having moft of theirfarmi thrown qpon and firft, witji regard to the impor- . ' ' * * their. Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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f753- Procbidings of tbe PoLiTrcAL Club, fck. 587 their hands; for every gentleman' who elude, that it is impoffible for the has" ever met with fuch a misfortune, poor to live here at fo cheap a rate mad be convinced, how little a gen- as they may do in Ireland. Let me tlemnn can make of any farm while it then Uippofe, that a poor woman la 15 in his own hands. Even a farm this country may earn 6d. a day by which confifts chiefly in fheep- walks, fpinning, and that this is the leaft requires more (kill than moll gentle- A (he can require for furnilhing her men are capable of, and more care with the coarfeft fort of food, lodg- and expence than any gentleman will ing and apparel : I may then mod chufe to be at ; for a fheep is a very reafonably fuppofe, that a poor fpin- tender fort of creature, and liable to ner in Ireland may live equally well many accidents, which prove fatal if for a groat a day, and if fhe be not prevented by due attention ; and equally fkilful and indubious, fhe every one knows, that the lower fort B may confequently fell as much yarn of people are more apt to be both for a groat as the other can fell for negligent and wafteful, when they 6d. which is juft 50 per cent, diffe- ferve a gentleman, than when they rence. Can we then fuppofe, that ferve a common farmer. And as to any manufacturer in England will the expence, however fmall it may purchafe an ounce of Englifh yarn, be in the fummer time, it becomes whilft there is any frifh yarn to be very heavy in the winter, efpecially if C got ? This, I think, is demonftra- the winter be any way fevere, and tion ; and to talk in mathematical the fheep taken fuch care of as to terms, the corollary plainly dedu- Erevent their wool from being fpoilt, cible from hence is, that mod of our efides which, there are feveral arti- poor who now live by fpinning, will cles of expence necefTary for the im- tranfport themfelves to Ireland or to provement of the wool ; for in my our plantations in America, from country, where fome of the beft wool D whence many fatal confequences muft in England is produced, it is very necf ffarily enfue both at home and. common for a farmer to give 20 gut- abroad. At home, as I have already neas for a fine tup or ram, in order hinted, it will bring great diflrefs up- to improve his breed of fheep 1 but on our farmers ;for during the hay if the price of ouf wool fhould be and corn harveft, many of thefe poor beat down by the importation of people employ themfelves in that Jrifh, none of our farmers will be E fort of labour, and during the reft able to afford giving fuch a prjee* of the year they fupport themfelve* and therefore x muft fuppofe, tljat by fpinning ;4but when they are- all our wool will decreafe daily, not on- gone, our farmers will often fuffer. !y in quantity but finenefs. greatly by a want of hands. Another Prom what T have faid, Sir, it is ratal confequence will enfue here at evident, that this bill, if Rafted into home, which, I hope, fome gentle- a law, will very much hurt tvery F men on the other fide of the houfe landed gentleman and farmer in will attend to : It will confiderably- Great- Britain, and as to our poor leflen the publick revenue ; for if who live by fpinning, they muft be the fupport of a poor fpinner cofts utterly undone ; for if we confider 2d. a day here more than it does in the many taxes we have in this conn- Ireland, I muft reckon that the whole try upon the neceflaries oflife, fgch of this difference goes fome way or as the malt tax, the fait tax, the taxG other towards the publick revenue, upon leather, upon foan and candles, and amounts to 3I. and 1 cd. per an- and upon feveral other tilings, which num ; therefore, if in a few years af- atfect the poor a* well as the rich, ter the pacing of this bill, 10,000 of and which neither poor nor rich are thefe poor people fhould be drove out iubjecl 10 m- Iceland, we mud con- of the kingdom, it would be a lofs of near Digitized by VjOOQ 1C

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§68 Proceedings of tbt Political Clob, fit. Appl near 30, cool per annum to the pub- entry we may learn, what a lofc it lick revenue, which is a lofs it can- would be to this kingdom* fhould not at prefent well bear. But the they once fall into a way of fupply- greateft misfortune, in my opinion, wg themfelves with all forts of wool- that will enfue here at home, from ten manufactures, which may very our rendering it impoffiblc for poor piobably be the confequencc of our women to (up port themfelves by fpin. a driving all our fpinners of line wool- ning, is, that it 'will drfcourage ma- len yarn over to thofe countries, trimony among all forts of our poor ; But fuppofc. Sir, that we could At prefent a plowman, or a journey- pafs fuch a law as this without the man in any mechanical fort of bufi- appreheniion of any danger, yet the neft, may venture to marry, becaufe prefent is a very improper time for he knows th it his wife may fupport it. The late mortality among tfce herfclf by fpinning, and that even d horned cattle, which, I am forry to his children may in a few years learn fay, is far from being yet ceafed, has to fup|K>rt themfelves by the fame obliged many of our farmers to flock means, without being any charge to their farms with greaxr numbers of htm ; but if you take this'mean of fheep than they evtr did befoie ; fo fobfiftence away, it will hardly be that there is more wool now grow- pomble for a poor woman to find any ing in this kingdom, than they can ether, and confequently few fuch q probably find a vent for at what they men will ever venture to marry. call a living price ; and tho' we had. Now, Sir, with regard to thofe during the late war, and for fotne fatal confequenccs that muft happen years after the peace, a pretty brifk abroad : 1 do not mean, Sir, that fale for our woollen manufactures in any confequences can happen that foreign parts, which increased the Will be fatal to frclard. or to our demand for our wool, and encoura- plantations in America; bat f mean, n gcd our farmers to increafe their flocks that fuch confequences will happen of fheep, yet mod merchants are of there, as mud be fatal to this coun- opinion, that this extraordinary (ale try ; for after we have drove all our for our manufaclures abroad is new fine fpinners of woollen yarn to thofe over ; confequently we never had lefs countries, they wiV, certainly fet up occafion for a fupply of wool or wool- all for:s of fine woollen manufactures, len yarn from Ireland than we have and will at leaft fupply themfelves, « at prefent, nor was there ever a time which will of courfe prevent the fale when it would have been fodetrimcr* of any of our manufactures, either ial to the farmers and the poor fpin- in Ireland or in our plantations, and ncrs of this kingdom. Therefore I confequently diminifh the quantity of cannot, efpectally at this critical thofe worked up here at home, which time, give my confent to the palling will drive a great many of our ma- of this bill into a law. nufaclurers, as well as cur fpinners, _ out of the kingdom. J know that %The *txt Speech I Jball give ynt in we have prohibited the exportation this Debate, was made by L. Vale- of any woollen yam, or any wcollcn *ius Flaccus, which was it this manufactures whatfoever, from Ire- Effefl " lard to any foreign parts;' and I l;ke- N .- D cj . wife know, that we hsve laid the ***' rrtjuient, fame prohibition upon our planta- n S I R% tions in America ; but we have never G T SHOU LD not much w<md<r t* yet prohibited their working up any ^ hear of this bill's being difltked Jort of manufactures for their own by the populace, that is to fay, by ufe, nor do I think that we ought the very 1q weft fort of our people, for ever to do fo i and from our bills of S— r W Y— !L. nona

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*753- Proceedings of tbt Political Club, tie. 5J9 none of them nnderftand the true in- Secondly, that our fpinners canndt tereil of their country ; and in eve* poflibly fell their labour near fo cheap ty county and every town in England as the Iri(h fpinners do theirs. And. the labouring people of every trade thirdly, that it is impofUble for us and occupation, and the low dealers to increafe the fale of our woollen in every commodity, are for confin- manufactures in foreign parts. The ing the labour or the fale to them- A firft two of thefe, the Hon. gentle* feivea alone, and are very angry if man was forced to take for granted, any one they cull a foreigner, bjr but I muft beg leave to differ from which they mean a perfon not born him in both ; for as to our wool, in their town, comes to interfere with notwith (landing our high rents and them. To this felfifh monopolizing heavy taxes, our farmers .have fuch (pint we owe what are called the a high price, and fuch a ready fale, privileges of many of our cities and B for every thing elfe they can produce boroughs, of which they are fo te- in their farms, that they may fell nacious : To this we owe the fre- their wool as cheap as the Irifh far- quent mobs we have had amongft mcrs can theirs ; at lead, if there be our hay -makers here about London any difference, it will be more than agamft the Irifh ; and to this we compensated by the charge of traaf- owed the late riots among the jour* porting the wool from Ireland* and neymen hatters here in Southwark. C paying commiflion for the fale of it This, I fay, 1 am no way furprifed here. And as to fpinning, if our at ; for tho* thefe people know no- fpinners will fubmit to live as fro- thing of the general intercft of the gaily as the fpinners do in Ireland, kingdom, they very well underftand which they will certainly do rather their own interefl, and v»ery well than be tranfported, they can be but know, that the fewer labourers there very little affected by any of oar are in their way, the higher wages D taxes ; for they would then ufe very they may infill on, or the fewer re- little (alt or fmall beer, and the taxes tailers there are of the commodity upon both are fo very moderate, that they deal in, the higher price they they could fcarely be felt. Then a* may exact, the more eafily they may to moes, they can make but very lit- enter into a combination for railing tie ufe of them, and confequently their wages or their price But as could not be affected by our tax up- there is no maxim in trade more cer- £ on leather ; and as to our taxes up~ tain and evident, than that the low- on foap and candles, they car* never er the price of the materials and the much affect them, becaufe they dp labour is with regard to any fort of not warn the yarn they fp'in, nor do manufacture, the cheaper it may be they in country places make ufe of fold, and the cheaper it is fold the candles but of lamps. Infhort, I do more of it may be exported, 1 am not think that the expence of living furprifed to find this bill oppofed by F to a fpinner in England, could be a gentleman of fuch good fenfe, and half a farthing a day more than xn fo much publick fpirit as the Hon. Ireland ; for tho* we have, it ia gentleman who has fpoke againil it. true, more and much heavier taxes To find the lead lhadow of rea- than they have in Ireland, yet all ion, Sir, for oppofing this bill, fe- our heavy taxes are fuch as affect the veral poflulatums mult be taken for rich only, or fuch of our poor as granted, which are contradicted by 6 do not live in fo frugal a manner as every day's experience : As firil, it they might and ought to do. There* muit be taken for granted, that our fore, confidering the charge and rifk farmers cannot poflibly fell their of bringing woollen vara from Ire- wool near as cheap as the farmers land, i do not think it can be fold in Ireland may and do i^l (heir*. it Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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5$o Proceedings of the Political Club, fcfa App, to cheap here, as our fpinners or fault either in ttir people or odr thofc that employ them may afford publick conduct. I, indeed, be- to fell what they fpin. The confe- lieve it is part of both. Our poor qaence, indeed, of importing Irifh people will not live ft) penuriouflr yarn, may perhaps be, that it will or labour fo cheap, as the poor do ei- oblige our fpinners to live more ther in France or Holland ; and all oar frugally, and to fell their yarn cheaper, ^ middle (landers, between the wool- than they do at prefent, which is grower and the foreign confumer, ft confequence that, inftead of being infift upon a higher profit. Then dreaded, ought to be wifhed for, with regard to our publick conduct, cfpecially confidering the rival ^ve 1 am apt to believe, that the e- aow have in woollen manufactures fhblifhment* of the woollen manu- at all foreign markets. facture in France, and the conti- This, Sir, brings me to the third g nuance of that in Holland, W3$ chiefly poftulatum neceflkry for founding an owing to our prohibiting the export oppofition to this bill. Will any of any woollen manufaclures from man of common underftanding fay, Ireland in the year 1699, without that if we could drive the French doing at the fame time what is now and the Dutch entirely out of the propofed to be done, that is to fay, woollen manufacture trade, we could without opening every port both in not work up and export a much q Ireland and Great- Britain, for the greater quantity of woollen manu- exportation of wool and woollen factures than we do at prefent ? Sir, yarn from Ireland to Great Britain. if we could do this, 1 will be bold At that time, Sir, there was a to fay, that we fhould have occa- flourifhing woollen manufacture in fion tor all the wool that could be Ireland, and much more than fufficient produced, anti all the woollen yarn for fupplying themfelves, fo that by that could be fpun, both in Britain j^ this prohibition a vaft number of and Ireland ; and that our manu- fpinners and manufacturers of every factorer* could foon afford to give branch were thrown out of employ, a higher price for both than they ment; and as it was then a time now fell for either in Britain or he- of peace with France, and numbers land. Thefe two countries are the of French (hips always in the lri(h chkf rivals we have for woollen ma- ports, they were ready to carry every nufaclures at all foreign markets, and £ one of thefe people that offered to yet when I confider their circum- France at free colt. By this means fiance?, I am amazed how they e- the French fupplied themfelves with ver came to be fo. In France, their expert fpinners and other manufac- poor are as heavily loaded with taxes turers of all kinds ; and as no wool, as the poor are in England : In woollen yarn, or woollen manufac- Holland, they have more and heavier tures could then be exported but taxes upon the ncccfTaries of life p from a few ports in Ireland, nor im- than we have in this country: In ported but at a few pons in England, both, their manufacture is chiefly and were betides liable to pay high fupportcd by the wool which is by duties upon importation here, the Health carried to them from Britain people of Ireland could find no vent or Ireland ; fo that they muft pay for a great part of their wool and a much greater price for it than it woollen yarn, but by felling it in a fells for in either of thefe iflands ; q clandeftine and unlawful manner to and yet they fell their woollen ma- the French. I lhall not find fault nufactures at all foreign markets with the prohibition then made ; but rather at a lower rate than ours can furely I may fay, it was made at an be fold for. There muft be fome improper time, and that we ought 5 * Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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*753« Proceedings of the Political Club, &?r. 591 at the fame time to have given them for their fupport, at a cheaper rate full liberty to have imported, at leaft than our manufacturers here at home ' 'their fpate wool and woollen yarn could have fuch materials or fuch into England, without paying any provifions, while at the fame time o demand for it, nor without pay- mixture of Englifh or Irifli wool, it ir.g luch high duties as made it im- makes a tolerable fort of cloth ; and potTible for them to fell it to any ad- as to all their fine woollen manufac- \an,:age; and this prohibition was tares, they are made up entirely of the more grievous, as they were £ Englifli or Irifh wool, orof that wool ti.cn and {{,11 are prevented by a with a mixture of Spanifh. This affair lending law, made in the reign of I have been diligently examining into, I harles II. from importing into En- fox thefe 30 years, for which pur- £2and ar-y of their cattle, fheep, pofe I had fent me from France a Twine, beef, mutton, lamb, pork, pattern of every fort of cloth they gutter or chede ; nor would they make, with an account what fort of h^veocen allowed to import .bacon, F wool each refpective pattern was if we had not laid an additional tax made of; and I once met with a -upon it in the year 1692. gentleman fo well (killed in their Thus, Sir, at the fame time that, manufacture;* that from the pattern by a law of our own making, we itfelf he told me, without being once fmnrfhed France with a great num- xniftaken, how much EngliQi or Irifli her of woollen manufacturers from wool was in the compofuion, %the Ireland, we laid our fellow fubjcctsG coarftft of which had a mixture of in Ireland under a neceOity to furniQi at leaft one (bird part of fuch wool, onr enemies the French with wool This, Sir, is, I think, a demon- and y at n for the emplov ment of thofe flration, that if we could prevent manufacturers, and with proviiioafi any wool's being clandciiiuejy car- -Append x, 1753* *F xici Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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£gl Procedings of the Political Club, l$c. App. fried from Britain or Ireland to ingroffing, in a great mcafure, the France, we fhould put an end to whole woollen trade to -ourfelves their rivallhip in the woollen manu- alone, it will increafe the price of factore, and by the (arae means we our wool and woollen yarn in this fliould put an end to that of the country as well as Ireland, and al- JDutch ; and if we could do this, fo the number of fpinners in both j gentlemen may eafily fee that the A and confequently, that it will con- Importation of Irifli wool, or wool- tribute towards railing the rents of . len yarn, would be far from lower- all the lands in Ireland, without di- tng the price either of the wool, or the miniftiing any of thofe in Great- woollen yarn, of Great- Britain. But Britain ; therefore I hope it will be this we have been attempting to do palled into a law. by a method which near a hundred years experience might have (hewn B The next Speech I Jball give j*n m os to be by itfelf alone ineffectual : this Debate, was maie by T. Vir- That is to fay, by prohibiting the ginias Rutilus, the Purport of which exportation of wool or woollen yarn was as follow. finder fevere penalties: I am far ■#»/., from fuppofiog that this method Mr. Prejta**t, ought to be altered or neglected ; but S J K it will not do by itfelf alone ; and the C /HT* H E advocates for this bill are only additional method we can think X VCI7 much in the right to tn- ©f, is that of allowing wool and woollen fift upon it- that the wool and wool- yarn to be carried eafily and freely len yarn of England may be Ibid as from any part of our own dominions cheap as the wool and woollen yarn |o any other ; for when every fort of of Ireland, and that by this bill we monopoly is aboliflied within our own (hall in a great meafure pot an end dominions, we (hall certainly be able to D to the woollen manufactures of France work our own wool up into cloth, at a and Holland ; for if there were any cheaper rate than it can be worked up truth or probability in thefe two pro- in any foreign country ; and this will pheiick tacts, I fhould be as ftrenu- likewife be the mod effectual method ous an advocate for the bill as any for confining the weaving and finifh- gentleman in this houie. But as I ing our wcoilen manufactures to this am fully convinced of the contiary ifland ; nothing being more evident. E with refpect to both, I muftbeagaioft than that our allowing the Irifli to the bill's being palled into a few. 1 import their wool and wool fen yarn think it is next to a demonftratioft, freely into Great-Britain, will ra- that until the rents and the taxes in ther prevent than entourage them England be reduced as low as they . to fet up any manufactures of fine now are in Ireland, or thofe in Ire- cloth, even for their own ufc ; and land railed as high as they are at the argument holds equally ftrong p prefent, or may hereafter be, in with refpect to our plantations in England ; that is to fay, until the America, mould they ever be in a rents and the taxes be brought to a condition to produce either wool or perfect equality in the two countries, woollen yarn. it is impoffible for our farmers to af- I hope, I have now (hewn, that ford felling their wool, or for oar this bill can produce none of the fpinners to afford felling their wool- frightful confequences that have been Q len yarn, near fo cheap as the fame mentioned : On the contrary, Sir, I commodities may be fold in Ireland. think, tha,t as it is the mod proper Out farmers who live near London* jnethod we can tajce for putting an or any of bur great cities, have, in- end to the woollen manufactures deed, a ready fale, and a pretty £oth of France and Hdland, and . J r WL_ ■ . good *

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1753- P*OCfED!KGSef AkFoJLlTlCAt O.UB, &C. $9$ good price, for every thing they can of (hat leather, from the producer produce upon their farms ; and every to the confumer ; and all thefe agairi one knows, that their .rents are high- contribute towards the taxes that are er in. proportion. But as to our Jar- paid, or contributed towards, by men who Jive at a diftance from any the fpinners of the yarn of which great oity, they have no. fale at all the doaths they wear are made. It *or any thing that cannot be kept, A is the fame with refpecl to fmall and eafily traafported from their beer ; for J hope, the advocates fof farm to a diftant market : There- this bill will deign to allow Oar Bri- -fore from thofe things only, of tiftt fpinners a little fmall beer: They which, wool is one, and in many not only pay the male-tax and the farms the chief, they xnuft make op egcife for all the fmall beer they their high rents ; and confequently drinjc, but they contribute towards can fell none of them fo cheap as B the payment of that and all the' they may be ibid by Jarmcra who do other taxes that are paid by the far- oot oay near fo high a rent ; or if mer who produces the barley and they (hould be obliged to lower the hops, by the maltfter who makes the price upon one ibrt of produce, inch barley into malt, the miller who' as wool, they muft raife the price .grinds k, the brewer who brews it, proporttonably upon all the reft, fuch and every one concerned in the fale as com, cattle, butter, cheeie, and £or retail of the malt, hops, or fmall die like ; and what fort of an effect beer ; for I mull obferve, that few, this would have upon oar fpinners, if any, fpinners brew their own fmall manufacturers, and all other tradef- beer : They generally have it front -tten, every gentleman may eafily fee. the brewer, or more frequently from • Bat even with regard to our far- the chandler's (hop ; and as every meis, Sir, it is aot the high rents tax raifes the price of the com mod*. only, but alfo the taxes they and 0 ty above twice as much as the tax • their fexvants pay, that contributes amounts to, if we allow a fpinner -towards rendering it abfoktely no- but a quart of fmall beer a day, cefTary for them to fell every pro- wbioh is but one third of what we

. fter or fcrvaw, in the fale and retail 4 F 2 ing Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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59+ Proceeding* of ibt Political Clxtb, t3c. Appi ing a tut upon the coals they burn ; do, and always wilt fell in Fiasco and even the greateft part of the oil for near double the price they fell for they burn in their lamps they morr. in England ; they will (moggie into pay a tax for, befides contributing France a great deal more than they towards the taxes paid by tbofe con- do at prefent, cfpecially as we (hail cerned in the importation fale, or by this bill render it more cafy for retail of it. A them, to do fo ; for the more porta Thus, Sir, frcra what I have (aid (here are in Ireland towards which- gentlemen may fee, that the effect wool or yarn may be conveyed under of our taxes is really a fort of circle: pretence of fending it to Great-Bo- lt goes round and round from the tain, the more eahly k may be fmug- producer or importer, through eve* glcd on board fome (hip bound to ry intermediate operator, to the con- France ; and the more ports there Turner, and back again, by the fame & are in Britain to which it nay he path, from the confumer to the pro- conveyed, . the more rifely their ducer or importer ; and this circle fmuggiing drips may fail to France may mod properly be called a ma- or Holland, as it is impoffible for gick circle, not only becaofe of the our guard, (hips to iearch every flwp marvelous effects it produces, bat they come in fight of upon any past becaufe we were drawn into it by of our coaft. And in time of war, delufion, and,, I fear, mall never C it will be knpoflible for us to paeveat get out of it, by any afliftancc that the French from having as much of is not more than human. It is this the Jrifib wool and yarn as they pleafe, circle which we have been deluded by a connivance between the Iriih into, that has enabled theFrench to be- merchants and their countrymen let- come, and the Dutch to continue to tied in France, in order to have the be our rivals in the woollen manu- (hips they load with wool at fome failure ; for whatever their taxes-D by port for England* ft ized foon af- may be, whatever methods they take ter their failing by a French privateer, to raife them, tt is certain, that in I am therefore convinced. Sir, both thefe countries the poor work- that by this bill we (hall rain o«r ing people may live at a cheaper own people, without doing any pre- rate, and do work for lefs wages, j ad ice to the woollen manufacture than fuch people may or do in Eng- either of France or Holland ; and land. We may ruin our farmers, £ this our people feem already to be we may beggar our i pinners, by the fenfible of; for tho* the- bill has been importation of Irilh wool and yarn ; harried through this houfe with great but whilft we are in this magick err- precipitation, it has already occafi- de, we (hall never be able to put an oned mobs and riots among the ma- end to the woollen manufacture, ei- nufadurers in revexal parts of the ther in France or Holland. On the country, as at Norwich and feveral contrary, it is my opinion, that by p other places, particularly at firad- this*bill we (hall iucreafe it in both ; ford, where the mob was fo outna- for we fliaH divert the Irilh from the gious that they were forced to fend linen manufacture they are now en- for two troops of dragoons to keep gaged in : Inftead of employing their them quiet, a method for keeping fends in the production of hemp and the peace which, I (hall grant, may flax, they will turn them into incep- fometiraes be neceilary, but every walks ; and inftead of fpinning Ji'-q gentleman mud grant, that we ought sen yarn, their fpinners will turn as much as poiable to avoid every themfelves to the fpinning of wool- thing that may reduce us to the ne- len. By this means they will greatly ceflrty of making ufe of (bis method, increafe their quantity both of wool If this bill be in itfclf right, and nc- acd woollen yam i and as both now cdfey Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1753* P*"0CIIDINO8 gf/&FoLiriCAI/CLUH, fe?r. £ pie may have time to cot fid tr it ; or at leaft for the free importation for hawever.felfifh fome of the lower of JrMh yarn, which, in my opinion^ clafs of people may be, the fenfibJcA is one of the nvoft pernicious thing? men among thorn underfiaod the we can think of? for the yarn coifcs true intereft of their country as well, -more than all the other parts of the and have, I believe, as- great a re- manufacture, and confequently it is gard for it, as fome of their betters, giving away from the people of By (hem the itfc will alwayj be go- Great-Britain more than one half verned * and therefore if it be of the profits of our woollen maim* Tight, give them but time to con- B fa&ure, which ought not, I think, fider it, and they will approve of to. be done by the parliament of it, whioh they are far from doing Great-Britain. at prefent.; for if the bill had sot ' . been So hurried, I am perfuaded, ?* l*fl Jf*** T Jball give jcu tn we fhould have had petitions from {f" Debatt, ** '> ■ In thofe petitions, Sir, tJ^ey would C **&/***«' fa- Mi*, told you, that it js not the Mr. grifident* high price which the farmer has- for S I R9 his wool, that -makes it come to T A M afraid, that many gentle* .dear to the manufacturer, but the X men Ipoic upon our prefent de> high profit which the wox*l«ftapleas bate as a difpute or competition be- in£ft on ; and that this profit they tween the people of Ireland and the have railed* and ftill keep up, byD people of Great- Britain, and bycoo- a fort of combination among them, fidering- it in this light, 1 do not at By this combination they beat down .all wonder at their allowing to e> the price to the' farmer fo low> that rtry argument againft the bill atore the producing, of wqol is hardly weight, and to tvtry argument io worth his while, if his farm wUl favour of the bill lefs weight, than produce, any thing elfc ; and they it mould have. This is a commend- jraife the paoe- to the manufacturer £ able partiality, if the difpute were to high, that he can get but very really fuch as they conceive it to- be. little profit by the file of his cloth. But the cbV.pute or competition is JBy this means thefe wool-ftaple/s, really between the people of Great- who are but a fort of brokers, make Britain and people of France, which • great eftatea, fame to the amount of its (hall have the fpare wool and of 20, 30^ or 40,0001. whiltt nei- woollen yarn produced in Iceland, ther the farmers they buy from, norp above what the people. there have the manufacturers they fell to, can . occafion for to anfwer their home* coi- get fufficieot to provide for their fumption. If gentlemen would coa- families.. We have many laws, Sir, fider the prefent debate in this which tor preventing combinations amoagft is the true light, I am convinced poor workmen, but few, if any, their partiality would be upon the for preventing combinations amoagft opoofite fide to what it is at prefent, the rich mailer that employ them : Q and in that cafe we (hould have had The one I take to be as necefiary as no debate, for the bill would have the other; and I wifli we would begin met with an unanimous concur- with contriving fome proper and ef- rence. In Ireland as well as in Eng- fe&ual law for preventing any fort of land, there are large traces of . combination amongourwool-ftaplcn. H— • W— — S ten. couo- Digitized by UOOQ LC

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\ 596 Proceidimcs cf tin Political Club, &c. Appt country which aM fit for. notaing bccanfe with one pound of k the? but fhecp-walks : la Inland as well an* work up two pound of thro as in England, the poor will employ own, into afortof cloth that i* not oa* themfelves in fpinning woollen yam ly a* for their own quality, bat feltv cather than fit idle and ftarve; for able at a foreign market: Wherrn, they cannot all be employed in (pin- if they could prooure no Ineo wool ing linen yarn, or any other tort X or yarn; from Britain or Irolaad* of bufinefs. The neceffary conife- they coold not of their own wool quenceis, that more, wool and more alone, make any fort of doth that woollen yarn will always be pro- would be fit for richer of thefc pur- duced in that country than their pofes. From this cowfidemuon e- feome eonfamptioo requires: What *cry gentleman mot fee, how much can they do with the 'furpJus ? We oar exportation of woollen manu- havc prohibited their exporting any B fa&ure* might be increated, if w» sort of woollen manufactures : We could prevent the Ftench from tor- have likewife prohibited their ex*- |ng any wool or woollen yarn fro* jporting to foreign parts any of their Britain or Ireland; and in any ops- wool or woollen yam; and hare .nam, the only efFe&aal method im moreover laid them under great dif- doiagvthti, wjUbetoopenameaiyaoi Acuities with refpeft to exporting free importation for both front ba- it to .England. The prohibition, C land to Great- Britain. By this mesas Sir, is like the prohibition again* -we mall remove the nocetiky which exporting gold or filver in Spain the Irifh are now under to mU taek and Portugal: It is- impoftible to wont* and yarn at a low pike to prevent it ; ior where the courfe. of thorn who clande&oely export k oracle makes the exportation abfo- to France, which will not ealy lately neceffary, or extremely ad- greatly leffen the quantity 4b ex- **m*geoos, for thofe that have it, D ported, bat raife the price of k» no fevcrity. of law, no rigour in high to the French, that it wafl ba- the execution can prevent it : It come Jmpomble tor them to rival at only raifes the pric* to the par- at any foreign market, •chafer*' The Irrfr 'find that they This, Sir, is a confeqnooee that, can make no advantage by working I think, mud neaesTarily enfoe free up and exporting their woollen ma* «oor Opining an eafy and tree nn- "oofe&ures either openly to England, £ portauon of woof and wpoHeo yam feecaoleof the duties and -difficulties Jrotn Ireland; and it is a eoase- •they are liable ' to, or tlandeilinely i|uence 46 defirable, thnt it it forerr to any foreign port, because of the .worth our while to try tho exper*- high duties laid upon them at every mem. J mould beibrry if 1 4 tfuth part; but all countries except -that our forme* could not pofity this receive their wool and wootten fttl their woo], or onr tpnusen yam at every port, and without any $ their woollen yarn, aa c&eop as «"• slaty or difficulty ; and as France 'is ffeer the wool or woollen yarn of the country to which they may ex- Ireland could be fold here, after port clandefttuely their wocl and paying freight, infuvance, c&moul woollen yarn with the gpentcft etffe 'Jon, and several' petty charge, and "moll' advantage, we may atture which the importation mot alwavi ourferves, that all they can fpare will be attended whh. But if it mmii be carried thither, unlefe we open ar\Q upon trial appear to be fo, we nwS eaiy and free importation for it bene, otther lower oar rent*, or niter eor The reaton. Sir, that makes the method of taxation, by aboJifcieg Fiench fo fond of, and pay fo high aJMhe taxes that any way afeftthc a price for Inlh woo! and yarn, is • pear, and augmenting thoio that 4 af *t\ Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1755- Proceedings if the Political Club, tic 597 affe& the rich- only ; for it would the difference between a poor fpin- be better, even for oar landed ten- ner's living hi Britain or Ireland, clemen, to pay a conftant tax of 43. what I have obferved with regard in the pound, than to fairer the French to linen yarn, is a proof from ex- to worm us out of our woollen ma- perience, that it is not fo confider- nufa&ure; becaufe they would in that able as fome, gentlemen imagine* cafe find a diminution in their rents, £ Then as to our farmers and their far exceeding 49. in the pound. How- wool, I think, no better argument ever, I am under no apprehenfion of can be offered in favour of this bill, our being reduced to any fuch nccef- than what an Hon. gentleman who fity, for two very fubftantial reafeos s fooke againlt it, told us of our wool - Firft, becaufe I am convinced, that staplers ; for to prevent combina* both our farmers and fpinners may a!** tions among the dealers in any par* ways afford to fell their wool and their ]} ticular commodity, there is no way yarn as cheap as the Irifli wool and fo effectual as that of increafing their yarn can be imported and ibid here t number, which we flull certainly and as to yarn, I think, I ana do by this bill ; becaufe at almoft e- Jbunded on experience ; for thof rcry one of our ports, there will . a free importation of linen thread be fome perfon eftablifhed as a fac- and yarn from Ireland, has been tor for the Jrifh wool, and heofcourfe allowed ever fince the year 1696, C will apply himfelf to the buyiogand yet it has not dimmifhed the fpin- felling the Britilh wool produced in ning of fuch in this ifland, but on his neighbourhood, which will ef- the contrary the fpin ning of both feclually out an end to the combina- has increafed very much fince that -tion, if there be any, amongft our time. And my fecond rcafon is, prefent wool ftaplers. becaufe I am convinced, that by al- And as to this bill's giving a greater lowing a free and eafy importation j) latitude for fmuj^gling wool and of Jrim wool and yarn, and thereby yarn to France from Ireland, I was depriving the French of the chief furprized, Sir, to hear it insinuated fupport of their woollen manufac- by any gentleman who has confidered ture, the price both of Bri i(h and Irifh the regulations eftabUfhed by the wool and yarn will4 in a few years* acl of the t2th of his prefent ma- rife above what either fells lor at jefty, and that of the 1 1 th of K. Wil- prefent. The importation of Irifh £ liam ; for by the former no wool may for the ftrlfc year or two lower can be put on board any fhip but the price here; but in that time fuch as have been regiftered for the exportation of our woollen ma- tranfporting of wool from Ireland nufadures will increafe fo much, and to England, nor at any place but there will be fuch a demand for all the fome lawful quay appointed by the wool and yarn that can be produced commrffioners of the cuftoms in here, or imported from Ireland, that p Ireland ; and by the latter any pet* tbe price will foon mount up to a- fon may feiz; and carry to the king's bove what it is at prefent. ware houfe all fuch wool and wool- Now, Sir, after what I have (aid, len yarn, cs wall be laid on board I think, I need not enter into any any vefiel, or laid en (bore at op minute confederation as to the et- near the fea, or any navigable river, fed of our high rents or taxes ; for with intent to be exported to fb> if the price of wool and woollen q reign parts, which intention will yarn here be not diminished, we certainly be prelum ed, if the wool fhaH only enable the I rim farmers has been brought from any diffance, and fpinners to live better, without unlefs it b= nrar a lawful quay, and obliging the Britilh to live worfe, a legHlered Ihip there ready to re- {Ji*n they do at prefent ; and as to ceive Digitized by VjOOQ LC

Page 637

5<jS A new PURPLE difeovered. App. eeive it on board. To this I muft add, hath almoft always a (hare in our dif- that the commiftioners of the cuftoroe enveries, and all that attention can 60 it in Ireland will certainly increafe the to puih luck to the improvement of oa- numbcr of their officers ; and it will tural knowledge, as at play to the itn- uot furely be faid, tliat increasing the provement of one's fortune. I obferved number of watchmen gives a greater v that the bucana (for I would preferve to latitude to thieving, especially when thefe mem their Latin name) were commonly watchmen may always make more by £ collected together round certain ftones, or their fidelity than they can make by their under arches of (and, which the fea bad treachery. But what I depend moft on, made hollow by warning away the fand is an alteration in the temper of the people underneath. I remarked, I fay, that the of Ireland themfdves j for when they be- fotca'na were afiembled fometimes in fbca come fenfible, that both their wool and gneat quantities in thefe places, that yon yarn may be freely tranfported from any might gather them tip in handfuls there, Swt in Ireland to any port in Great*- whereas they lay widely difperfed every ritain, and find that they may have a where elfe. I obferved at the fame time higher price for both than they ufed to 6 that thefe ftones or arches of fand wore have from the French fmupglers, they will covered with certain grains, whofe figure all become cealous againft allowing any fomewhat refembled an oval. The length clandeftine exportation to foreign parts $ of thefe grains was fomewhat more than an inftance whereof, a noble lord told us, three lines, and their thicknefs fomewhat has already happened at Cork in Ireland. more than one t, they appeared to me to As to this bill's having been hurried contain a whitifh liquor, inclining to a through the houfe, Sir, the Hon. gentle- yellow. This refemblance in colour to man who (aid fo, did not certainly con- Q the liquor of the buecitttm, and the manner lider the time when it was moved for, in which the bwecitta were always aflembled which was February the 27th, fo that it round thefe little grains, gave me a notion will be a full month to-morrow fince it that there might be drawn from them a was firft moved for ; and fuch a fhort bill purple tincrore, fuch as is drawn from which has been a month in patting thro* that fifh t I muft own that a conjecture this houfe, cannot furely be faid to have can fcarce have a more flight foundation : been hurried ; nor do I believe it either however I took fome of the grains rm- has, or ever will occafion any mobs _ mediately from the ftones to which they among the people : The late one at Nor- D were adherent, and making ufe of the v/ich was occafi^ned by a combination firft linen and the leaft coloured that pre- amortg the workmen to rcife their wages ; fented itftlf at the inftant, I lquceted and very probably the riots at Bradford, fome of the juice upen the ruffles of my and other places, were owing to the fame fliirt ; they appeared to me to be a Iktte caufe 5 for all fenfible farmers, and all foiled by it ; but I faw no other colour matters of manufactures muft approve of than a yellowifh call, which 1 decerned this bill j and the mob never consider any with difficulty in certain places. Divers thing that does not immediately affect g objects that drew my attention made mo them, which this bill certainly does not forget what I had done to my ruffles ; 1 at prefent, and, 1 believe, never wiU, thought no more of them, when calling as I have (hewn that the exportation of my eyes by chance upon my ruffles a little our manufactures will probably increafe, while after, I was ftruck with an agree- and confequently the wages of all work- able furprife ; I faw a very beautiful men in that way will life, or greater purple colour on thofe places where the numbers of them will he employed, grains had been bruifed. I could fcarce which is a confequence every Briti/h fub- believe a change fo quick and fo great ; I jeel ought to wim for ; and therefore I am *1 repeated the trial by wetting my ruffles tor the bilPs being paired into a law. with the juice of fome others that I pickt [This Jouhnal to be continued in our out with care, as the whkeft or rather Magazine fir January, 1754.3 ***& y*Uov* ; I fqueezed them on places 0/ my ruffles untouched before, which at iSH&H3H$$£$$&£R&$$ 9KSHg&$$$$$ firft gave no colour that approached to — ^./n , - , ^ . * red ; yet I had fcarce fixt my eyes on TbeDtJferumon on the Purple of the Anti- them two or three minutes, but I faw a* t s, from Dr. T *mt 1 im av, con- q them take a purple colour like that which eluded. (Seep. 559 J the former grains had given 5 this purple WHILST I was considering, fays colour is at leaft as beautiful as what is Mr. De Reaumur, the fnell-fifli I drawn from the buccinum j my only fear have been mentioning, I chanced to find was that it would be more fading, and on the fea fhore a new tincture of purple, confequently lei$ proper for dying. The weich I was net in queft of. Chance 6m Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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J753t Experiments &n& Obfervations about it* t 599 fea water ferved immediately to clear up on the plaftering at the window • fcarce this point, I wa(hed my ruffles in it as had I continued a few minutes to ob- much as I could, without perceiving any ferve what effect the liquor would produce, alteration in their new colour, and they but I faw the purple colour appear. This have preserved it, notwithftanding a great led me to conjecture., that if I placed the number of wafhings through which they pieces of finen that I had wetted with have pafled flnce 5 I muft own, however, the liqtfor near ,the window, they alfia that each warning weakens it, although it ^ might turn ted like the plaftering. ftoth not entirely remove, it. \ . This conjecture foon ripened Into cen- The reader wttl imagine, that my curi- tainty, for no foon'er nad I placed tfie li- efity was routed at this new drfcevery, nen on ih'e window, than I faw it tinged and that I gathered up as many of thefc with a beautiful "purple, grains as I could before the tide came in, The caufe of fo fudden tfthange was in order to make experiments at home. then eafy to perceive ; {hat fince iriy , Nfc fboner was I got into my ctofet than I ftnen had continued to preferve the white began to fqueoze out the juice of fome of colour of the liquor With which it was them upon different pieces of linen ; but B wetted, whilft I left it in the middle ot , fife fucceft did not anfwer my expectation, my chamber, and on the contrary had and 1 had at much reafon now to be far- taken a purpTe. when I put it in the win- prized at the failure, as before at the fc>ro- dow, this effect could* be attributed only da&ion of Co 4udden a colour. In left to the different maimer in which the air than two or three minutes my linen had ailed upon it in thefe different eircura- jpaffed from white to red in my firftex- ' ftance*. Who could have devifed that a pertinents 5 and now at the end of two little more or a little left circulation of air or three hoars 1 did not. perceive the leaft rj mould have produced To fuddenly fuch a alteration* I knew that there was nothing divert ty . of effects > For ft muft be ob- which brought out the colour of the )i- ferved iikewife, that the cafcmems of the qnor of batcimtm fo fpeedtly as the heat of chamber were all the time open : All the the fan or fire ; but 1 recollected, that experiments I made afterwards confirmed there had been no fun-fhfoe at the time of trHs opinion, that it was the air alone nry experiments on the fea fttbre. How* which caafed the difference. It happened ever, to be Satisfied on this head, as there even when I expofed pieces of linen wet- was no Am-fhina at prefent, \ placed the ted to the open air, in the midft of a linenthat tiadbeen wetted with the liquor D court, and, to prevent the wind from •f the grain very near the fire 5 they dried blowing them away, put fome little Hones there, but without any change of colour. upon the corners, that all the corners, on Confounded, and not knowing what which the ftones refted, did not change elfe to nave recourfe to, I was preparing their colour at all, whilft tftc reft of the to return to the fea H&e, to Tee if the linen took a very beautiful purple 5 the grains I had brought from thence would effeA of a greater or a lets impreflion ot resume their power, or had entirely, loft the air (hewed itfelf inr a very fenfible it by being tranrported 5 when ceiling my £ manner, when I expofed fome of this li- cyes by chance towards the window of quor In a glafs or tea-cup on a plao? nay room, I perceived fome fyots oif a where the wind blowed freely ; all the beautiful red, inch a* I was feeking ; upjjer lurface wis coloured red, whilft the thefe foots were on the plaftering of the interior remained whftifo. will of the window j the liquor of fome N. B. I cannot forbear throwing in a grains, that I had fqueeaed near the win- query, how far thefe experiments and dbw, had fpurted on the wall, and there obfervadons may tend to give light taken the colour that had <Bpt away from „ into the nature of fanguification. In me. In pnrfuing this Proteus, my firft * animals, and to make it probable notion at *ne fight of this Colour in the that air mixes with the blood in the window^ was that the alkali of the lime lungs t An ufeful refle&fon may be Contributed to its production, and that drawn Hkewife from the great di- y raffles might retain, from their wa(h- verfity of effects occatioried by a little r g, enough of that fait to produce the more or a little left air, which ma/ esrat. In order to afiurfc myfelf con- fblve many difficulties in the animal earning it, I took off a piece of the escdnomy; and (hew the mifchlef of plaftering from the window, and having Q a ctofer, and the benefit of a more* put k on my table 1 wetted it with the open air; even in fuch (mall degree* Rquor of the grains \ but it only ferved to , as one fhouM otherwife have thought eonfound my reafbning, and to baulk my inconfiderable. expectation, for no colour appeared. At Whatever experiments I have tried, frf* fength I went and fqueeied feme grains Mr, de Reaumur, they have fiat been fuc- AppendU) 1753, 4 G cefsfel G Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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6tK> Of M E N who lived to an uncommon Age. App*. cefsful enough to difcover to me what t of the fea-coaA (fox inftead of ehi in the thofe little grains are » I make no doubt, Latin, the Greek text gives it thej#2*r- however, that they are the eggs or fpawn men) confider it as the lower of the fucui, of fome fi(h, but in vain have I attempted from whence the alga afterwards comes $ €o find what fpecles of fiihprodaces them; which is very conformable to what oar they are all of fuch a determinate bignefs fimermen think, who cake it for the grain* as the eggs of the fame fpeciea mould na- or feed of the fame plant, turally be ; and in whatever feafon you a Laftly, he adds, that the purple- fite obferve them, you find no change either derive their liquor from it $ for the ex- in their length or thicknefi, which hinders prtfixon fioipurfmr* in Ariftotle means that one from' conceiving them' any ways' ve- liquor. Now this agrees well likewife getable. with our grains,, from which we may As the buccinum appears commonly af- imagine the buccUum. derives its. liquor •* fembled in great numbers round about We have given their refemblancea, an# lliefe eggs, it gave me great inclination to (hall now confider their difparities : believe them the fpawn of that fifli ; yet , Firft, he (ays/r hoc *ft*tii imti»% whereas they appear fome what too big to come B our grains do not begin to. appear until • from fo little a fi/h : All the experiments, the end of fummer, or rather the begin- 1 . have made, have not been able to clear ning of autumn. Next, theie grains are up that point. In vain have I differed fo adherent to rjie Aenes, that they are no* abundance of buccina at different times $ eafily feparated. We fcarce ever find aau/ I could never find fuch eggs in their body, removed from the place where they went I have fliut up buccina in eartljpn pots put naturally fattened.* baftly,- all that Am into the fea, in fuch manner that the ilotle fays in this pauage, may. very well1 water had a free pafiage, and yet no fuch£ be underload of fome little Jbpcies of tie. sks or fpawn was to be found there, fucu* tinclorius* t Shell; fHh feed on it 5 and* which 1 think muft nave hapj$cneo7 if it it being proper to -give the dye,, it was' had truly been their fpawn. natural enough to think that the purple-' This, however, is certain, that thofe fiuV derived their colour fromthme. gfains are eilher the fpawn, or the nouriih^ .It is eafy to conceive, that the liquor of ment of the bucrin*, which they are ex,- theTe grains might have been fquoesed out tremely fond of 5 for otherwife why t in * manner infinitely more commodious? mould they aflemble fo much about thofe' than what the-antients made tife of in grains r But uncertain muft we remain ** order to get the liquor of the bmcnmnm $ Whether the bucriuum gives the purple h- all the labour requifice is to gather up the quor to thefe grains, or on the contrary grains, of whicjj tfcere is great, plenty 4 derives its own purple from them. and alter having waibed them in the fa* I have fought with great care in .the water to clean away the fikh* which writers of natural hiftory,and particularly might otherwife. bf its mixture alter the in Ariftotle and Pliny, to fee if I could purple colour** to put them under little find any thing that could give light in this preilesr and fqu^cze out all their KftjttDf aV fubjeer ; but I have not found any pafFageE an inftant*.- Thc.Uquor of tb*4»«cfreav where they have (poken clearly of it. , on the contrary, equJd not 04 drawn oat , One Jingle pauage in Ariftotle appeared witliout employing a great deal of to me to have fome. relation too,, hut- - . . . : .•# * r *' \ ■ « having weH cenfidercd the whole, I remain A A:coUKt tfjmeMi* who lived to em e> tmcertain whether Ariftotle meant to tnwrdiaary Agi. ipcak of thofe grains that aretlie fufeea A TTIJ- A* kio& of tb* Huns, who' of our enquiry. This patiage is at the MX reigned in the fiftfr ceafery^Hved ta end of the 13th chapter of the 6th book A 124, and then died of. his exejeft,. an ^h* of the hiftory of animals, and I will give * firft. night of his fecond nuptial with one it in the Latin verfion of Gaza, of the moft beautiful princefies of the ago. - Dtftrtur <xpont» in bclkfontnm fiuqrmew- : Piaftus, king of Poland,, who, frootthe turn fuxUam ulim mari$i quod algae jtemint rank of a pcafant, was raked to that of aV fkycos appelUnt, colore paBiinm, JUr an alg* prince, A. D. 824, lived to be 1 so, and id fjft alii vohnt, atf; ex eo fveariam a/gam governed his fubjecls fo prudently*, that }revenife ( ft \ hoc a^atii initio, «yj turn he gained immortal giory amiongft has ftftUufi turn ofirue fajus lad alunlur ; for- ■ countrymen. furam quo? -f Jiium Jive* bint trabere, non- Hippocrates, the beft of phyficiaes^ xulji exiflimant. f Q lived co 104. But Afclepiades* a* Perfiaor There are in reaHty m tfcs paflage doclor, reached 150. Galen hyeoV in ua- feveral things which feem to a^ree to- the cufturhed health, to 104* SophooW, lha grains we are fpeaking of. The pale t^agick poet, to «o. Dcmocritjis, the colour he gives to that fpecies of fucus is ptulofophcr, lived apb to 104* Aa<Eu- thc fajne m of our grains » the inhabitant* paraler, Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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*753* S|>inftcrs Remwjtranct againfi the Marriage Aft. 60 1 •phrator taught his fcjiolars at upwards of tharine Milton, whom he eot with child, ■ -pox>. Finally, Epimenidct, of Creet, ac- and did penance in the church for it.'— cording to the testimony of Theopompus, Some months before his death the earl of Jived upwards of 157. Artmdel brought him to king Charles I* Pliny, the great naturalift, sfTures us, at London j but, through change of air, .that in the city of Parma, there were "and high living, he died foon after, on two of 130 years, three of iao years ; the i$th of Nov. 1635, aged upwards of and that m many cities of Italy men lived * 150, feme fay 152, and was buried in much older 5 at Armiaiurnefpecially, one Weft minfter Abbey. He flept away molt Marcus Apponius, who was 150. of his time, and was over-grown with In our own part of the world, Lau- hair, according to that of the old poet, rence Hetland lived, in the Orknies* to '170, From head to heel, his* body had all over, |imes Sandi, towards the hitter end of A quick-fet, thick fet, natural hairy cover, -.the laft century, died at 140, and his jfpoufe at 1*0. — In Sweden it is common -Henry Jenkins, of Yorkshire, was 160 to meet people of above an 100 ; and B when lie died. (See his H z a n, with a Jtudbekrus affirms, from the bills of particular account of him, p. 368.) mortality figned by his brother, who was Thomas Damme, of Leighton, near k bimop, that in the fmall extent of 12 Mmfhul, in the palatinate of Chefter, pafiihes, there died in the fpace of 37 was 154 years of age when he died, and years 232 men between 100 and 140 years was buried at Minfhul aforefaid, on the of age: —yet, what are thefe to the na- 20th of February, 1648, as it appears by tive of Bengal, who (according to Ferdi- his grave-ftone, cut in words at length, Jtand Lopez deCaftegneda, hiftoriographer q not figures ; and to prevent difpute?, as royal) was near 340, when he was pre- the event is fo remarkable, it is now to be iented to the' vlce-roy of the Indies >— feen in the church regifter, figned by the And as die ftory is no lefs curious than Rev. Mr. Thomas Holdford, vicar, and plsafant, I beg leavo to add a few par- by Thomas Kennedy and John Warbur- ticulars concerning this celebrated long ton, churchwardens, who were then liv- - liver, as confirmed by the above-mention- ing. I thought proper to mention this ed author : Be tells us, « that the faid relation, as it never was taken notice of native remembered that be had feen the by any chronologers ; few know it, but city wherein he dwelt, and which was D it ought to be handed down topofteiity. *ne of the moft populous in the Indies, — , , ,, - a very inconfidcra}>le place— That he had TbebnmbleRmnft^nttandPctuionoffeveral fchanged his hah-, and recovered his teeth, Srwrnas pf the Cnnty of Kent, (at four times ? when the vke-roy faw him, wftntd in the London Evening Port) 1* tiis Head and beard were black, but his B**V °f tbmfel-vcs and many TboufanJ hair thin : That in the courfe of life he «** diftreffed Damfcls *f (be faid County, -had 70 wives, fome of which died ; the fricvouJJy ctmjdatnwg, fasfirtb, reft he put away.— The king of Portugal ?? *Tn HAT the petitioners are now arrived caafed a Uric* fearch to be made into this I at the proper age of anfwering the matter, and ah annual account of the ends of their creation, by fulfilling the -ftate of this man's health to be brought firft commandment ; and that the pc~ him by the return of the fleet from India. titioners are alfo very defirous of doing it. —This ldng liver was a native of Bengal, That the petitioners can with truth and and died at the 'age of 570. forrow of heart fay, that they find the • The relation is very.curious, and I have men not fo ready to obey the firft, and, jMroduced my authority for it. The reader a$ the petitioners conpeive, the principal may put wltat faith in it he pleafes. I F commandment, as themfelves. •Ihall flnaMy fpeak of the three famous That the petitioners, being at church, -Bn^lifh long livers, the tcftimonies of were Aruck with grief and allonifhment which may be received as of undoubted on hearing thedoclor read a paper, called, veracity. 'An Aft re prevwit dandtjiine Marriaf hopes^ and render -their cafes quite defpey- laudaWe, In fobrjety andchanHty.— At 8 J ° rate. ' lie married his firft wife Jarre, by whom ' That the petitioners, not understanding he had two children, neither of which .the meaning of .the word dandefime, did were long lived ; the firft died at the age " ariply to their Rev. paftor (who is a good of a month ; the other Kved but a few man, and always ready to ftand their years.— At 101 he fell in lovrfwithCa- Attend, as far as he is able} whoJtald thenu '■4Cj •' iha' Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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602 Spinfters Rmonfltance againfi the Marriage Aft. AppJ that the meaning was, the/ royft not The petitioners apprehend, this ctasfe marry fuch men as they themfelve* lik'd, is neither equitable nor confident wick except their parents alfo approved of facred (cripture. By this claufe, if ft them. . woman was not only promifed marriage That the petitioners, not at all pleated More wi^nefles, bat even aflced three with this explanation, did turn to the times in church, and made the publick marriage ceremony in their prayer books, talk of the parim ; the man may, «ot- where they did not find that matrimony * withftanding, refuie her, and Jhc be left was inftituted for the pleafure of their without remedy or recompence. Man. is parents, byt that it was ordained for the by nature falfe, and weak woman too procreation of childi en, and for 'a remedy credulous and complying. Ungenerous againft fornication. man is but too apt to glory in his falfe- That the petitioners do humbly c,on- hood, and to triumph In the mod bar* ceive thofe ends will not be anfwered by barous treachery ; there was no occafioo this aft. St. Paul fays, It is hater to marry to tempt him to. be more perfidious by aa than to bum ; but, if they burn for One, a&. How often bat the cruel fpoiler, by and are^ compelled to many another, how g a well-diftembled pajfion,by fwearing that will their flame be quenched ? Nor will the pried mould at the holy altar join' it, they apprehend, anfwer the purpofe their hands, by fight* and tears, and Of procreation near fo well as if they vo*s, and allthefoft, but ftrong artillery married the men they like ; tho*, perhaps, of Iqvc, forced the tender virgin** heart, it may tend to hinder tormcajtion, by broke -thro' tjie feal of virtue, cropp'eV fubftituting in its room adultery. the fweet flower ; then fted, and left her The ad fays, " Tha,t aU marriages, to bewail the lots for life I Is not a rape where cither of the parties are under the _ of woman's body now death by law ? age of a i years (except widows or ^ What are a man's warm proteilationt of w.dowcr*) without confent of parents or eternal love, and calling all the heavenly guardians, (hall be null and void to all . powers to witnefs, he will fureiy marry * intents and purpofes whatfoever." young woman, but a rape of her mind, a The petitioners cannot but think that forcing her confent by a thoufand per* this claufe dire&ly contrau&s the word juries r And mall he go unpunished ? of God i for they find it written, St. And mud the poor, deluded, < injured Mark x. 7, 3, 9. For this eaufeJbaU a man women have no court. to apply to for re- have his father and mother, and cleave to bis X)drefsr Will the keeper o{ the king's- wife j and they tnqainjball be onafUjb 1 So conscience fay, this is equitable ? no j nor tben tbey are no more twain, but om fiejb, is it confonant to (acred fcripture, which What therefore God kd$jei*ed together, let not fays, Exod. xxii, 16* Andjf a mam emtta man put a/under^ Now the petitioners are a maid that is, not betrothed, and he vu'tb ber9 humbly of opinion, that thofe pairs may be JbaU fureiy endow Iter to be bis xcife. .be mote truly faid to be joined together Whenever a virgin is. deluded of her 1 by God, whole hearts, whofe fouls, whofe by a tingle^ man, it muft, it ought, to be fpirics arc, as we!) as their bodies, united prefumed, that he prevailed .upon her and joined together. Will any man fay, & thro* the promifeof marriage ; and there* that when a parent cornpO« a daughter to. fore he thould be compelled to fulfil bit marry the man the hates, that fuch a contract. This it equity ; this is fcrip- r oupie are joined together by God ? Uo, ture ; and fuch petitioners wifti they f'j«h matches are made by the devil Mam- could fay, this is law too : For, if it was, mon, and generally begtt' a numerous and and proper care was taken to get rid of wretched offspring, called content Ton, all thofe poifonous vermin, the present jcaloufy, adultery, murder, &c. If then common proftitutes, by providing for thofe, whofe fouls as well as bodies are p them, either at home or abroad, fome united in matiimony, are joined together method of getting their bread boneiUyby by God, and made one fleih, why does labour, the town could no more be pen- man's act drive to put them afunder, and ftered with fuch abandoned incendiaries $ attempt to make them twain r But indeed which would certainly prevent many rob-. neither this atl, nor any other, can pof- bcries and murders, and be no ffnall tap fibly make fuch marriages null and void to Q towards a general reformation. all intents and purpofes whatfoever j be- Thefe petitioners upon the* whole think vcaufe the intent and purpofe of procre- this act much better calculated for the en- a*ion, which is the chief end of matri- • couragernent of common proiHtutet, than mony, will never thelefs be anfwered. to make the honeft, but poor, petitioners The ail fays farther, " That no fuit happy mothers of lawful children. tiall be brought in the ecclefiaftical court, The petitioners therefore rnoft baabjy to compel any marriage by rea/on of any pray, lie* c MrkCt of matrimony /•• fk Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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1 753.* Haftinefs in Law-making cenfureL 6q$ _ mifcarries. Men muft not argue in Ibch Ibi PublicA»v£*tx3*» bat given Ki the morotnioui affairs as they do in lighter filUwwg Extratl from a Piece caUtd Tbe matters ; and cry, It is eafy to make the RiPLKCTOR, experiment, becaufe commotion is fooner SCARCE any thing (hews the in ftrrai- raifed than fupprefTed in a government. ty of human nature more, than the bit trim patkur juButt is a maxim that muft hafty making, repealing, amending, and be regarded j for no good man ihould be multiplying of laws. It is impoffibie that ^ hurt. And as it is neceflary to be well good laws mould be made, and duly ex~ aflured of the ftrength of a medicine be- ecuted, unlefs the legislative power be fore it is given 5 fo it is neceflary that the knowing, prudent, and virtuous 5 fo as fcheme of a law mould be well confider- to render each Angle law prpduftive of ed before it pafles into an aft. happinefs, or preventive of* miiery, to To prepare the plan of a law requires the people. To do this requires greater a whole man, and more than a day ; for, circum(peftion, ftudy and (kill, than men befides particulars, a law-maker muft ne- feem generally to imagine. ceflarily attend to four capital things of a The antient Romans, before theyenacl- B general kind, viz.»i. The nature and fl- ed a law, hung up the fcheme for it m a tuation of the country. 2. The turn and publick place $ where it remained expofed temper of the people. 3. The preceding to view for three weeks, or during the timet, to fee what has happened. And, fpace of trts imndituey including three mar- 4. To future ages, to forefee what may ket days j whereby the inhabitants both happen. of the city and country had an opportu- 1. He mud carefully represent to him - nity of reading and examining it. The (elf the nature and Situation of the coun- ableft orators and lawyers publickly ha- p try for which the law is intended. A rangued upon the (ketch. 5 fo that every particular feed may be proper for one fort man might hear what was to be laid for of land, but improper for another. A and againft it. After this the whole pco- (kilful farmer examines the nature of his pie were convened to give their votes, in ground, before he fows it 5 and a lawgiver their refpeftive clades 5 and if the law muft carefully examine the nature and Was adjudged to be good by a majority of difpofition of the country, before he under- tones, it was confirmed by the council, takes to give it a law. The fame cuftoma and engraved in copper. This ceremony and the fame laws do not equally (bit all may appear Arange to us 5 but it had fuch D places. A certain philofopher being aflc* an efTetl, that the laws fo made are likely ed, which were the bed laws ? anfwered, to prove eternal : For they not only re- thofe beft adapted to the country ; for a mained in force to the end of the Roman good law at Athens may be a bad one at empire, but have furviyed it j fo as to. be ^acedemon. (tlh obferved and followed in moft of the *. Every lawgiver muft regard the turn, dates of Europe. genius, and bent of the people for whom How Ample foever a law may appear, his laws are intended. Sometimes the it ought to be thoroughly fitted and confi- j? people may be of fuch a temper as to bear dered : If men are in a hurry about it,, harm reformations, and yet be raifed in- the confequence may prove as bad as if to commotion by trifling alterations. Tho a farmer mould cut his corn before it is Chinefe patiently fubmitted to all the laws ripe, or flack his hay before it is dry, of their conquerors, the Tartars, except which therefore fires or row in the barn. that of cutting off their hair j about «Apelles expofed his pieces to publick which many of them loft their lives. The view, that all forts of people might ex- great reformer, PeterAlexiowitz, brought amine them* and upon once hearing that a the Ruffians to quit moft of their ancient moemaker had found fault with a moe, in F cuftoms ; but by infilling upon their one of his pi&uies, he acknowledged the (having their beards, threw the whole error, and corrected it. The like method country into confufion. The ordinance for has been advantageoufly taken by diffe- abolishing exorcifms, tho' in itfchf a thins ■rent artifts in their refpeftive perform* of an indifferent nature, has produced anew. more violent effects than the changing of ,. Some may think it a lofs of time thus articles of faith. As abfolutc as the to fpin out the examination of a law 3 Perfian monarchs are, they do not van- and an eafy matter, by a fubfeoucnt aft, Q ture to abolim the pernicious ufe of opi- to correft the errors, orfupply thedefefts um t And as powerful as the late emj>e- of a former. But the making of experi- ror of Rufiia was, he durft not prohibit ments in law is as dangerous to a ftate as the drinking of brandy, Thefe and the the making of experiments in pbyfick. Mif- like examples may direct lawgivers to dfcief is done in both cafes if the experiment ftudy the nature and inclinations of the people Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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or. - » tcrs m extreams, I muft add, that, by The latdCjar, who moulded Ruffia a- 'accidents, I mean no other than common ' sew, ufed fbch precaution in his refor* accidents ; for, to provide againft extra- tnations, that he rarely attempted one ordinary ones, rs not fen&ble, but unreal without being well aflured it'would prove fonable* The heft intended regulations advantageous. Ring William being ex- maybe as much defeated by unreafosn- nortcd to introduce the new £yJe, took ble precaution, as by no caution at-aU. time to confider of it ; and conralted with And thus, tho' prudence and coniMe- . his aftronomers, whether leap-year, and q ration are required in making a Jaw j yet .other chronological irregularities, could the middle way, betwixt the French all- oy this means be avoided : The aftrono- crity and the Spanith fokmnity, maybe mers anfwered in the negative c " Then, * cltofc.' In the framing of laws, sib faid the king, we had as good4et the ftyle (hould neither galfop nor creep : For toe remain as it did/* This conduct of the much and too little hafte have equaila Britifh monarch the Czar frequently cited, great inconveniencies. Hafly coaoief is when any new regulations were propofed like unripe fruit ; and flow dclrberatiosks .to him, trom which he could fee no great -.like fruits that rot. ft (bine times hao- .advantagc to the publkk. ^pens,: that the drcumftances of public* Indeed, it isbeft to retain the old re- * affairs will not admit of delay : And in gulations when they cannot be bettered foch cafes* an imperfect attempt is bettor •by new ones 5 becaufe inconvenience* than none. It may therefore be proper . -may arife from alteration. A ftatc is like for a ftate to have two lets of ooumel- * building confifting of feveral parts, fo j0rs, a young and an old one, and em- put together, that one cannot be much p)oy the young when matters require ex* ^tifturbed without difturbing the whole. pedition, but the old when tliey ought to And hence Lycurgus obliged the Lacedae- £ be done in perfection. ' rnonians to take an oath, that they would vever alter his ordinances 5 which oath A Tampbld Uving bttn Jatefy fmUpxd, they fo religioufly kept, that when Phrynis An Isjojiiftr into the O- f>ropored to improve the Lacedaemonian riginal and Confluences of the P»»- ute, by the addition of two new firings, xicx Debt, by a Perfon of Diftinc tlie Ephori ordered him to be put to death. tion, we Jbail give wr Retdcri a fim This was rigid ; for the ciccumftanccs of Extraffsfrom it, asfiUowt. times frequently require old ordinances to - npHE author, after having (hewn, that ibe abrogated. Agefilaus was defcrvedly * 1 the landed and trading interefts" praifcd, when, upon a certain occafion, he are the fame, and that the pobhek debt ^ordered the laws to ileep for twenty-four has created an intereft diftind from and hours. The fame may be (aid of Alcxan- Oppofite to both, proposes to examine,* .tier, who once,ibr weighty rcafonv order- 4. What the publick dtbt is. %. To -ed that June (hould be May. And Piu- whom it is due. j. Whence eamt the •tarch commends it in Philopcemenes, that money lent -to the puWick. 4. -How far he not only knew how to command ac- the publiek'ts afie&ed by it. 5. HoW corriin* to law, but even to command the G and where that money wat employed Jaw itielf when occafion required. Doubt- before it was lent the poblkk. 6. What itfj, no law Jhouid be made without necef- has become of it Once. 7. What would < f:ty,.or but for-iche fake of conriderable be the consequence of a*aying it off. And, advantage. ladty, what will be the coniequence of 4. Lawgivers mufl reprefent to them- increafing.it* •♦ * * •6:Ivrs what may probably happen, to ren- 33iefe t ^ Digitized by UOOQ IC

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1753/ Observations on the Publick Debt. 605 Thefe eight beads he confjders feparate- ccofing number lefs publick houfes $ moA of . ty and diftinctly, and makes very proper which are to be confide red as fo many a~ observations upon' each ; but we (hall give cademies for the acquiring add pjopaga- onJy fome of thofe he makes upon the 4th, ting the whole tcience of iniquity; and gi and Sth. As to xhi 4th, he fays, The the landlord is generally an adept ready Mick debt is attended with every dread- to inftruct the ignorant. It is from thefe- fui confequence that can accompany any academies that Newgate is peopled and national calamity j of which I Jhall hint A Tyburn f applied j but it is likewife from only at the moft obvious of fuch as dif- thefe that a great part of the revenue atifesu. tioguish it. If it was payable only out Pulpits may thunder againft vice: of the rents of land, and of fuch as live juries may hang Criminals,, to eternity^ . on their means* it might be pretended* while every means of corrupting the, mo- that fince the induftrious farmer mud rala of the people is thrown in their way, pay his rent, it is the fame thing to the -it is in vain to look tor reformation* nation, Whether it is wholly poffefled by With what face can it be pretended, that the fquire, or if one half of it is enjoyed — we dare reftrain vice, after the late glaring by a ftockjobber. Even in thait cafe there " inftanceof repealing the gin aft ? On that woold be a wide difference. But the rents occafion we were obliged to confefe, that of land are not in qu eft ion: Our taxes are the health, the numbers; the morals, of . ebieffy paid out of the confump^ion of the our people, are of no account in cempa*.. mduftrioua j and the farmer moft pay hit rifon of the revenue, but muft be faciificed « (hire out pi his osvn particular profits, jn~ to the pvbllck debt, dependent of what the fquire pays out of , Upon the 7th he fays, it fottowr frosa I&s cftate. , , , , what has been (aid, that, if the publick A tax of, operant, on any commodity C debt was paid off, the profits of the aJQuft raife the price of it above % ; and at manufacturer would be all his own. Otr tradesmen work under the dtfadvan- He would be exempted from paying Mgeof paying taxes for almoft every thing at leaft 40 per ant, out of his gains.- theyconfume, they cannot afford their la- It would be equal in every tefpeet to bout fo cheap as thofe who pay nothing 5 a- bounty to that amount on all our pro- ^ and of courfe moft be underfold in the ductions* and of three-pence a-day to tbe lareign market. In other words, if an % day-labourer, and fo in proportion. With? . SpglUhman con fumes to the value of &*-t\ that advantage we moald be able founder-*- pence a-day» and moft pay three-pence for ftl our neighbours* Our people would of . toe privilege of doing fo, he candot live courfe multiply. Our poor would find to cheap as the Frenchrnan,wh© enjoys (hat employment. Even the aged and difableo? privilege for nothing. . We Inhabit the might earn enough to live upon. New; snoft plentiful fpot in Europe; our people arts and manufactures would be introduced, nee allowed to f>e naturally induftrioue r ' and the old ones brought to perfection* £et our poor want employment. • We have Our moft barren lands woold be cultivated^ not mouths at home to confwne our pro- and the produce of the whole infufficjent dace. Foreigners can afford to fmuggteE tofuppiy the demands of our people. The. our wool at' a vaft txpence, and to Under- ftockjobber, when paid off, would find isl us even in that manufactory* If wo employment, for his money in trade and fcave ftill fome trade left, thanks to the manufacture, and would find that turn Sou provident care of our anceftors* who fet- better account than the preying on the*- tied our colonies, and to the Angularity of vitals of his country. He would then be-, •urtaftO) thareanaccomraodatc itfetf with come an ufefol member of fociety. Rent* Portugal vejne> which fecuree tto us the lu- would rife* and the country gentleman 9C*£vc tra#>.of that country. , To judge p would be able to provide for his younger fairly of the bad effects of our taxes, let children. We would be able.to reftoxe ns fisppofe ooriekes releafed from them, morality amongft our people, and tbcinv •r let ua fuppofe all the money paid to the , menfe increafe of trade would furnifh em- stocks and -finking fend given fcack in ployment for every induftrious man. Our bounties to the manufacturers and expor- colonies would lhare in the benefit, and. tens a and then jet one imagine how many many caufcs of jealoufy between them and! hands would be fet to work at home, and their mother country would evanifh. We* whether we Would not underlet ail the mould become formidable to our neigh- «oclc\«hroad.- G hours } for, befxdes the increafe of our na* The publick debt has entailed knmora? val power, in cafe of a jolt caufe of war* fctjr and idjtnels upon the people $ .and the we mould be able to advance much toot et civil magiftrate, wtiofe chief office ought to money within the year than we have eve* be toceftra^n vice, is forced to connive at it. done by anticipating. Such of our Mood- The revenue cannot be fupported without fuckers as had m*JUAt for honest indoflry* •waging idlcneaj and eapence, and li- would Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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fco6 Remonltrances of the Parliament of Rouen. App; would probably go with their mictions, meaning, chat the land would run away, and prey on our enemies, to our great or ceafe to be occupied by Tome body, emolument, and their perdition. It may At prefent, that is, fixty years after the probably be objected fc# men of narrow revolution, one tenth of the land of Eng- conceptions, that there was a time when land is not poflefled by the pofterity or we owed no debt, and yet this country heirs of thofe who poflefled it at that was neither richer, nor had it more trade time. And if the extermination (as It than at prefent. .I,et fuch men recollect A may juftly be termed) is not univerfal, the ftate of this nation fixty or feventy it is only becaufe there were a few < years before king William's war, with re- grown eftates, fuch as the Devon/hire, Ipect to numbers, trade, Shipping, wealth, Bedford, Cdrzon, &c. which where proof and manufacture 5 and let them compare againft the wafte of luxury and taxes, it with our fituation when that war broke Suppofe the Turks were bo over-run Eng- OUt, and then let them give a reafon why land, it might certainly be affirmed with we have not increased in the fame propor- prbpriety; that if we did not drive them tion fince that period. Trade was then _ out, England niuft he undone j and yet if in its infancy. Our colonies were hardly ** they mould prevail, ■ the land would ftm* cftablifhed. Thofe times had all the ex- remain, would ftill be occupied and cumv pence of them, and we all the profit, vated ; and poffibly the trade of England Ireland was then but little better than our might receive fome advantages from the settlements in America are now. We had favour of other Mahometan nation*, who bo union with Scotland, and Portugal af- are all great cuftomers for the woollen, forded but little money. Each of thefe and moft other manufactures ; and it is hat opened a new fource of wealth to us. more than probable, that a greater pro* And, with fuch advantages, ought we not C portion of the property of the country to have throve in the fame proportion we would remain in the poflWRon of the ori- did in the former period ? Had it not been gmat inhabitants fixty years after fuch a for the publick debt, there can be no doubt conqueft, than is now to be found m tbt but our improvement* for the laft fixty pofterity of thofe to whom it belonged years muft have furpalfed thofe of the fixty at the revolution. As the caufe, I years, preceding. Biit, alas ! • • * the pubtick debt, ftill fubtifts, the prefent And upon the 8th he fays, The flock- pofleflbrs niuft not expect a more durable jobbers have the words publick faith tv efrablimment. Was the plague to rage m and publick credit constantly m their u a city, and all the rich to perifh, the poor mouths $ and want to eftablifh it as a would get pofleflion of the houfes and e£ maxim, that they are' both engaged to feels \ but if the infection continued to fupport their monopoly, at the expence of prevail, they would fobn make room for the whole body of the people4. others in their turn. The advanced price of ftocks Is more a proof of the folly, than of the faith of Preamble to the Rmonflrdtots of the P*r£*~ the publick ; and if people did not depend matt of Rovkn r» the JCrag . (Set p. 58s;) more on the firft than the laft, a redeem- £ • • »• able annuity could never rife above par. SIMS,. The exceffive premiums are owing to an XT OUR parliament cannot avoid again opinion, that we want either the means or I fixing your majefty's attention on the Inclination to pay oft* our debts. Such an progreft of the fchifm in your kingdom; opinion would not add to the credit of a the dangerous principles which gave rife private man j and how it mould increafe to it, the odious meafures which fupport that of the nation, is difficult to be com- it, and the fatal effects which it produce*, prebendf d by thofe that are not in the c If four pailiameat were lefs acquainted secret, with their duty, and lefs affected by the And afterwards upon the fame hetd, evils which threaten the church and ftate, he fays, When the art Of funding was flrft they would, perhaps, be afraid Of prefent- inrroduced, the common talk of man- ine the fame objeet* (b often to your ma- kind was, that the people of England jefty : But their fidelity, and your own muft be undone. Some people tell us, intercft, which (hall always be the rule that the event has proved the vanity c of their conduct, oblige thefn to infift e- of that apprehenfion. I affirm, that** frefh upon thefe points, 4n order to mains the prediction has been verified in the your majefty fenfible of their great im- ftricteft fenfe. All that could be meant portance to religion, to your fecvice, and by the affcrtion was, that the then pof- to the-pubHck tranquillity; JefTors and their pofterity muft be un- The magiftrates have always1 carrieat done, and their inheritances given away truth to the throne. They have oven n from them, and become the of othet men. It could never from them, and become the property pasted their applications tiU thtytriumpl- be thtir e# Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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t753- MtftTiPLifeiTV of Oaths cndemui* Soy cd over every oblUclc that feemed to bar detneeitrate that perjury it a horrid crime its accefi. At prefent they would think againlt God and man, and deftruclive of themfelves more criminal than evcrx if human focicty. The lawr of England from indifference, faintheartednefs, or a ti- -prcfume th*r oaths will be kept (acred z mid deference to orders, evidently incom- that n6 man w»fl perjure hmdclf; and Kitible with your majeily's true intercft, therefore faith is given to aa oath 5 and ey (hould lit down lilent or unactive. all judgments, as well upon the lives m It is very rare, Sir, that the difputes which » the properties of tlie fubtecrs, are founded arife in the church do not occafion a con- * upon oaths. * rulfion in the date. But how great is the This preemption of law is built trpoe danger with which it is threatened, when good reafon j England, as defined by the the divifion is carried to fuch a length aa old lawyers, is a common- weal, com* to produce an open rupture $ when the pofed of chnfttan people, and Chri&ane rninifters of the church, unmoved by the are fuch as are baptized and bel:eve in the boarors of a fchifm, communicate the lawof Cod, as revealed by Holy Jel us, the £eife zeal witli whkh they are animated} Chrift. Now tio one who ftedfeftly be- to the people* 8 lieves that God is prefont> and will puntdi Your parliament, wholly employed la the perfon who takes hu name to a fajse- anaintatning the publick peace, wens hood, dare venture to tell a lie upon oath, preatly alarmed at the fchifm wnich has no more than a thief would dare to take aroke out in the kingdom. They made pwblickly plate away from the fide-board lafte to put a flop to it by the rigour of before the matter's eye, who has flrcngth the law, and they prefume to acquaint enough to take the plunder from biro, pour majcfly, that the firfl flaps whkh and punira him upon the fpot. :heir vigilance took to flop the evil in its q It is therefore the want of faith, in be* teginsing, would have been effectual, if lieving that God is prefent and ready to orders furreptitioufly obtained from your punifh, which occations perjury ; and cnajefty, and arrets of your council grant- perfons who take falfe and prevaricating >d to importunity, had not encouraged oaths, and find they are not puni/hed, in- the guilty. Ought not they to have flat- creafe in hardnefs and unbelief. The more ered themfelves, Sir, that, on their juft re- univeiial faith and Chriflianity were, die >refeotaciona,your majefty would difavow fewer there were that would commit per- thofe ads which were contrary to law, jury ; and therefore when credulity cx- ind the good of the kingdom? How D tended even beyond faith into bigotry* and greatly, then, muft they have beendeceiv- that Credulity was universal, oaths were td in their hopes, and with how much fo flrong an evidence of truth, that all rricf moil they have beheld your majefty, determinations turned upon them. But hro* the fame abufe of your piety, turn- as credulity difrppeared and faith lefiened* ng a deaf ear to their complaints ? perjury increafed, the horrid confeqeencoa Their fidelity is proof againfl oppofition of which we dally feel. The uncertainty >r difgrace. The (mail fuccefs of their of the evidence of an oath makes it difft- emonftranoes, far fsom abating their £ cult to convict the guilty, and often conf» ourage* on the contrary ferves to ani- demos the innocent. And the mere difll- nate it, because nothing ought to cool cult it is to convid a murderer or a felon, heir zeal for fuch interefSng objects. the more murderers and thieves will in- Yes, Sir, whatever may have been the creafe. urprife and conflernation of your parha- Therefore it Is highly necefiary for the nent on reading your chancellor's dif- government to keep up the tanority of an ourfe, Aill guided by tlie love of their oath in the opinions of men. luty, and perfuaded that, fooner or later* The firft reafon that leflened the peo- uch pure motive will juftify them in your F pic's regard to oaths, was the decay of tycs, tliey are not afraid of reptcfenting Chriflianity j the fecond, familiarity. o your majefty, with the freedom that Wife and good men will always pay ab hara&crizes magift rates, that that dif- awful regard to oaths, and wilt rtriaijr ourfe, in almoft every part of it, tended take care to aver nothing but truth upon 0 favour the independency and dominion oath, and they would do fo, were thry ojs* •f the ecclefiafticks who diflurb your amined without an oath. But the multi- ;iifgdom ; to extend the fchifm, to over- tude take up thir»g* more by habic than urn the laws* and to vilify the courts in Qby reafon* and many of tbofe would, rhich your Sovereign authority is lodged^ perhaps, tell an untruth to favour them- ec. felves or their friends, who would not INSPECTOR, N°. 54. confirm the fame, if an oath was admi- r T would be an idle talk to prove it is niftered to them in a folemn manner j 1 day.lirhtainoon,anditviaspetdieaie and it is this kind etf men that makes the- Appendix, 175* ♦ « enujtitude. Digitized by UOOQ IC

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&>t Plan tf the Nav t-Surc edits, 6? his hand, or his mark, inftead of torn, by practitioners- of the beft note kifiog the book, and fwearing, So help and greateft experience in thofe countries, me Cod, and the moft frequent confequence of is. N* B. This alteration of the law is not —It is therefore ftrongly recommended so great as- that made m favour of the to them to be carefully attentive to those Quakers, by which, inftead of fwearing very material articles ? And further toinv upon the book, they only affirm : And 'prove every opportunity of informing this, inftead of fwearing upon the book* themfelves of the popular methods of treat- is to declare under their hand-writing. Ging different dittempers in thofe places, where phyfick is little cultivated 5 of ^PLAN/* attesting and publifiiwg futb attaining the natural hiftory of the coun- Gtj'a and Obfvrvatiens in Physics, try 5— -the/ weather ; -the animals-; S v a **a t, tecs* maj «# of general j— plants (cfpcciaUy aE indigenous phyfcil Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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1753- * Plmi */ fie Naty-Siho tout, 6fr. 669* one*) * nd foflils 5 — — to endeavour matter is coJle&cd Jbr cm volume in ocn to difcovcr the procefs and manufacture tavo, it (hall be digefted for the preft, and of any drugs in it 5 and to furnilh publi/hed. themfelvet with the heft eolledion of VI. That each of the members, wbor fuch productions, as they can conveniently tranfad the bufinef* of the committee* procure. And for the reception of any rare fhaJl have a copy on large paper of what- and ufeful materials as may be prefent-. ever mall be printed ; that fix copies, on: wrcts (hed ambrofial fwcets* IV, That all papers, fubftances or ar- No rill delights thine ear } ticks, intended for the promotion of this' No limpid brook thine eye intra**** defign, be directed for the committee* To view thy beauties there, under cover, to Mr. Millar, bookfeller, in 3. the Strand, or delivered at the apart- E Where late the verdant carpet fjpead* ments of the Navy Medical Society, in the Wide o*e the lawn was feen, Little Piazza, Covent Garden, every Wed* Through which the flow'rs upiear'd thejn nefday in the evening from fix to eight* head, with a diredien where to addrefs the And dappling deck*d the green, author' or correfpondent* if a more par- Now crifped fnow, and glittering froft ticular attestation of the fads* or an Invert the chearlefs ground, elucidation of any circumftance of the And ev'ry charm of nature** loft safe, may be judged requifite. That the » In ev'ry mead around. name of each author or correfpondent 4. (hall be faithfully concealed* if required x A lefiure to the proud and gay* But all anonymous papers, where any A needlefs one to you* Iheft is laid on facts, imify be neceflarily Each moral profpeet feems to fay* difregarded on this plan, without a. fatif- " Life has its winter too/* faclory evidence of their reality. Ye reptiles vain in beauty's fun, V. That if the publication of any thing, Refloat on what you fee j communicated to the committee, (hall When youth's (hort faithlefs fummer** be deemed inconfiftent with their plan* G gon?, in cdhfequence of which the author (hall How haplefs (hall ye be ! think him/elf neglected, or difingenuoufly , 5. dealt with, he may apply to them at plea- Now o*e/ the lawns the hunters fly* Aire, to be informed of their motives for To trace the tim'rous bare* not publifhmg it, and may depend on receiv- While echo mocks the op'ning cry* ^ ing til reafonable fatisfadion on their part* And fills the vocal air. A&4 that as. foorv a? proper and fufficient 4 H a- % Thro* Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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6io Poetical Essay 8 m D Thro* woods, fhre* glades, the fowlers rtray, Where lonely birds retreat j To them their little lives they pay, . And flutter at their feet. trill does the mind of man reveal Marks of that favage race, When woman taugty no foul to feel, . Nor fooch'd him into grace : Ob, poweiful fex ! thy mag\ck art Sublimes our proffer clay, And bids the lordly tyrant's heart, Love, honour and obey* 7- Say, can you join the ruftjek train, - Whom horns and hounds delight ; Or view *em fcour the diftant plain, Enraprur'd at the fight ? No : Tho* if bufy fame fay true, * The fport fonrie females mare ; But heav'n, my Ccha, falhion'd yoti A pattern for the fair. 8. Now rife you with the lark, to hear .His fong falute the dawn ? To view the f wains with flocks appear ••' And nymp!>s trip o'er the lawn r ' ' • Or tempts the morn your feet to ftray, As you were wont to do j While ev*ry landtkip look*d more gay, As look'd upon by you ? No s Now, perhaps, pale Photons fleets Halt his meridian way, Ere from thlrie eyes a glance appears, To clear the doubtful day : No bowV you f$t\ And fofjow extdu it* day & EC EMBER, 1753: Shines with new charms, daists new at* plauiel Great in the mimick art, The tragick fecne oar pity draws, ' And melts the hardeft heart. Ev'n Op'ra now the taHe alarms, With wreaths of merit crown 'cf ; yi\\\k comick fcones.the fancy charms, And tunes the foul with foond : No more the feat of fenfe arraigns Th* enchantment of the ear j Wit gives its fanclion to the ftraina, • The judgment's rapt to bear. 14. Hafte, Celia \ hade, let Jove perfisadc \ Our various pfeafures try \ Advance, in awefel charma array'4* With foftnefs in thine eye. And when, bright • gleaming o*er ts* plain, The fummerVdawn is feen, Return to rural life again, And reig'n the little queen. TH E people of a certain place RefusM a paftor to embrace, Vnlefs that he would undertake - The weather to their minds to i The thing was hard, you will id Sor An He Th Tol Fof Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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ToetUd Est ay» H D E C E M B E R, 1753. $it On this, they with fubmifRon cravM Hit pardon, and therofelve* behav'd With aH refpecr. and reverence, And fUll in hhn put Confidence. My friends, quoth be, to testify My readinefs to gratify Your inclination, andtofheur My own veracity alfo, With yourconfknt, I chufii to heir The pubHck voice in this af&urj - The point is delicate and nice, And confbqeentty- needs advice. Let** call a meeting then, and fend To warn the parifh to attend 1 And, if you pleafe, without delay, We'll for the meeting fix a day. The motion was approved, and fo They ail content away did go, Muftng, or talking, all the way, On the importance of the day. The day 15 come $ the people meet, And one another kjndly greet $ Inters |he prieft, among the reft, IVho thus the audience addreft : My friends, the caufe of this. our meeting You all well know without repeating j - you*d have Hie weather at your will j I promit'd, and will now fulfil, J mull your (entimenrs confult, And of the fame know the refult 3 Be pleafed then to let me know How you would have the weather blow. You, friertd, (1 know not yet your '*- names) Then flood up one, My name is James, Well, JameS, your judgment tell me plain; What weather chufe you ? I'm for ram. You, honed man s What is your name ? - Is it not John f The very feme, Then, John, what fay you ? I'm for drought. And you,- the next, your mind fpeak out j Are you for rain, or for dry weather ? "vVhy really, Sir, I am for .neither, for neither, fay you, pray what then f You muft, my friend, yourfelf explain. Temperate weather I think beft. * Then fays one, Let the wind blow wed. Nay, From the eaft, another fays, 4'd have it blow, for certain days. My friends, fays be, this will not do 1 Who can give rain* and dryneft too ? Who can make eaft and weft unite r Or join what is fo oppofite f Ic panes my abilities To work imponibilities. At prefent you can not agree ; y/e therefore mufl difmifs, I fee. 'Gainft the next meeting make your choicp ] $peak your opinion with one voice ; B*of one mind s And t,hen I (hall Ciye weather that will oWo you all. The fhip full laden, and the freight all I pay'd. X Since then for reafons I the flage give o'er* And for your fakes— write tragedies no more 1 [brain, Some other febemes, of courfe, poueta my For he who once has eat,— muft eat again. And left this lank, this melancholy phy* Should grow more lank, more difinal than it is, [ftarel A fcheme I have in hand will make you Tho* off the ftage, I ftill muft be the play'r. Still muft 1 follow the theatric plan, > E&ert my comic pow'rs, draw all I can, V And toeach guc ft appear a different man. 3 I (like my liquors) muft each palate hit, ^ Rake with the wild, be fober with the C cit, [part—the wit. C Nay fometimes ad my kaft becoming J With politicians I muft nod— feem full— And a& my beft becoming part— the AuH. My plan is this— man's form*d a fodal creature, . Requiring converfe by the laws of nature $ And as the moon can raift the fweHing ^ fiood, / Or as the mind ii influenced by the blood, f So— do I make myfelf well underftood. J I*m nuzzled, faith— let usUkeBayes agree it ; [fee it* You'll know my plot much better when you But truce with jetting, let me now im- part The warm overflowings of a grateful heart; Come good, come bast while life or mem'rylaft,. J [p»ft« My mind mall treafure up your favours And might one added boon encreafe the ilore, [fhore t With much less forrow fhould I quit this To mine, as you have been to me, prove kind, [behind $ Protect the pledge, my fondneis leaves To you herguardians I rcfign my care, Let her with others your indulgence mare \ Whate'ermy sete $ tf this my wim prevails, 'Twill glad the father, tho* the fchemift fails. To Mifi MACK LIN, en her Fail* and Mother's leaving the Stage, SINCE fprightly wit, and humour you poflefs, Majeftick carriage, and polite addrefs 5 Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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fid Important Advices >w* I&itijta Since yon, at if by inftine}, do inherit, Tear father's geniin, and your mother** fuirit; With Icfs regret the lots of them we bear, Who left fo rich a treafure in our care L While with paternal fondnefs running o*cr» To oar protection he refigns his ftore 5 Who hut with inward forrow muft repine ? Who could refufe an offer fo 4>vine f Tliee to admire, encourage and reward, let ev>ry genYous Briton have regard, Togive that budding merit kindly heat, Which time with fteaHng hours mail make eorapleat ; Then the rich produce we may hope to fee, Of OftTfteld't excellence reviv'd in thee. Wfcen m the graceful dance thy foctftept move, Bteganee bids each man of tafte approve, ifcr'ta things minute and trivial you adorr}, And flttfte that pleafe* which elfe would meet eur fcom. [retire, Thrioe happy Mackidi, who can thus And Kkethe Pheenix leave thy parent fire, Which muft as long as judgment rules the baft, Cive fptrit, life, and happinefs, to all. iPuienic #» VIRTUE. ENNOBLING virtue I thy transcendent \ worth [brings forth. Out-rates the treafure* which the earth As tbou'rt from God an emanation pure, Thy native brifehencfs ever (hall endure. ¥0 toJb act thoo^n© feeble light foon dona, A full gleam thou, more lafting than the ton 1 fheav'nly rays, Kore py, more bright, thou darf ft my Jkod each enlighteo'd ibul reflecls thy In vice's garb, the beauteous falfly /hine"; Actom'd by thee, (he homely look divine : Each thought within their minds is truly ; (**** AU is agreeable, all lovely there, fairs); Kone view thy' charms in fots voracious .Nor are they feen in worldlings grov'tinf; . • cares* Kothiag like rioting by thee is /hewn : .Where e*er thou fhbVft no lewd dull things are known. Politeacft, honour, magnanimity, , Jfcacc, modeft y, and candour, blaze in that. Additions ft> December. Dublin, Monday, D*c. 17. TH E grand queftion, which has fo ge- nerally and defervediy engroffed the attention of the publick,aftera)ong debate, which lifted till 12 at night) was finally de- termined in a manner highly agreeable So a»l friends of liberty and 'their country. The populace, who impatiently waited the important decifion, carried the patriot Cr}% App. bone to his coach, and eomto&ed then* glorious defender home, amidft repeated acclamations, and the joyful incuts of protected liberty. The found Of the trum* pet was net wanting to proclaim the gLaeT tidings, which, as m an inrtant, reached the moft dittos* parts of the city ; joy fparkled in every honcft countenance, and gladdened every boneft heart t The blaze of more than 1000 bonfires iHumined our itrects, which reibundod with the grate- ful voice of multitudes, whose lejotdog* were ofcty fufpended by the approach of day. Such were the ezpreAonav by which a people, truly fenfible of the ineftimabk blenlngs of liberty, and the merits el* tliofe difintcrofted champions, who, wirir a generous difregard of -private intereft, (6 nobly contended for- the puhfick, tefti- ned their gratitude and approbation 5 and which might have done honour to the an- tient Romans, thofe fons of freedom, even, when their republick was at its htgfceft pitch of glory and perfecrionw :t Tueftlay,iS. The merchants and trader* of this city prcfented the following ad- drefs, figned by upwards of 100 of the moft eminent (whole names/ for want of room, we are obliged to omit) to Sir Sa* MutL Cook a, Bart, psje of our reprete- utives in parliament * whieh he accepted with great poKtenefs, tefttfvmg the Agnal pleafure he received by this pubiick mark of approbation from fo refpectabk a hody ; and amaring them, that aa it has hitherts> beenJut conftant endeavour, to acquit him- felf of the facred truft delegated to htm witfc ftdeftty and honour ; fe nSeaild he on every future occafion invariably parfue the feme great object, by fupperting, to the utmoftof his power, fash meaiures, as fecm beft calculated to promote and secure f he true intereft and welfare of his eonr ftituents. Jo Sir Ssmul Ctoh, Bart, one of the Representatives in Parliament for the City of D*bi»*. SIR, In the preient crifis of affairs, when the preiervation of every thing truly valuable calls for our utmoft vinlance and circuxn* rpe&ion, to maintain the principles of our happy conftitution facred and inviolable j we the tubferibing merchants and traders of the city of Dublin, cannot omit this Opportunity of testifying our entire ap- probation of your condud m parliament, as well in promoting t,hc intereft of this city in particular, as in opposing foci m^afures, as might prove fatal 10 the welfare and liberty of the kingdom. Our regard for the prefent and future generations, would calf upon us to ex- hort you to pcrfcvtre, &A set fa; geee- Digitized by VjOOQ LC I

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fo/s 1753.; Important ADVTtis jrom Iceland. 613 rous principles upon which you have hitherto aeled make that unneceflary. It is, therefore, our part to allure you, that a faithful difcharge of your duty witt be the flireft recommendation to a grateful people, who will,, upon all occanons, en- deavour to mower honours upon tfeofe,and upon thofe alon4, who adhere ftedfaftly to the true united intereft of our mod excel* lent king, and yet happy country. Such are the marks of refyeft and gra- titude, which are at the fame time the juft reward, as well as the infenarable at- tendant on virtue and public* fpirit ; and it is very obfervaWe, that feveral of the gentlemen who concurred in the above ad- clrefs, were fuch as efpoufed a contrary intereft on the late election. Many of the inhabitants, who from the lateneis of the hour had not an oppor- tunity of rejoycing on the determination •f the preceding night, testified their ap- probation of that important decifion by bonfires, illuminations, and other ex* preflions of the fincereft joy. Wednesday, Jo. Near too noblemen and gentlemen, of me firft dftftinc*rion in the province of Munfter, with the lord mayor and fheriffs, dined at the Tholfell of this eity 1 the right hon. Henry Boyle, fpeaker •f the Houle of Commons, in the chair : Where all poflible magnificence and ele- gance were difpUyed for their table enter- tainment, while their ears were delighted with an excellent band of muflck, the ringing of all the bells in town, and by the pleating acclamations of the populace round a large bonfire, where they poured out their unafie&ed, cordial praifes of their benefactors. In this fcene of mirtfe and good humour, which were never more eminently diftinguifhable in any aflembry, aU toaftt, exprefllng loyalty and patriot- ifm, were remembered, amongft which the following were mod remarkable: The king. The prince of Wales. The princefs dowager of Wales, and the reft of the royal family. The duke, and the army. The duke, and battle of Culloden. •The glorious and immortal memory of the great king William. May the fac- eeffion to the crown be perpetuated in the illuftrious houfe of Hanover. The lord lieutenant. Profperity to Ireland. Pro- fpertiy to Munfter. Pro^>crity to the «city of Dublin. All thofe worthy citizens, who joined in thanks to their faithful re- prefentative, Sir Samuel Cooke, for his good conduit in parliament. May the commons ever hold the parte of the na- tion. May the prefent fpeaker, and all fuccceding fpeafcers, maintain their dig- nity in the ftate. May power ever remain in the friends of Ireland . May there never fct wanting an earl of Kildarc, ef at mush spirit and fenfe as the prefent, to feppott the liberty of Ireland. May thofe only seel ecclcliaftical tyranny, who would fobmit to it. May the eommons of Ire- land ever defend themfelves from all' un- due, anticonftkutional influence. The glorious majority on the 83d of Nov. ami the 17th of Dec. Religion without prieft- craft. The church to the bible. Keep te> your tackle, old Harry. The linen ma- nufactured All the manufactures of Ire- land. Lord Tyrone. Lord Kinglborough, The patriot reprefentatives of Ulifer; The patriot reprefentatives of Leinfter. The patriot reprefentatives of Connaughu May the true lovers of liberty, in Oreat- Britain and .Ireland, be for ever united in- atife&ion, as they are in intereft, &c. &c„ Ac. Many zealous citizens forced into the room, to view the earl of Klldare and the Speaker, their beloved patrons : And after gratifying their curioflty, and exprefling their fatisfacVion by a loud huzza, very orderly retired. The chear- fulneu and unanimity, that fo power- fully prevailed in this aflembly, promitb the heft eflecTs to the province, and to the whole kingdom, as far as the endeavours of one province may contribute thereto : And its firft endeavour Tords a fair ex- ample for the other provinces, in the fol- lowing refolution of thanks to their wor- thy reprefenutives in parliament for the province of Munfter. At an aflembly of the gentlemen of the province of Munfter, held at the Tholfell of the city of Dublin, on Wednefday the 19th of December, 175J. Refolved, That the thanks of this aflembly be given to the Speaker, and to their faithful reprefentatives in parlia- ment $ for having, in this critical Xer+ fon, zealoufly and fuccefsfully defended the caufe of liberty agsinft all anticonv ftitutional invafions } M^having exhibit- ed for pofterity the xrmi illuftrious ex- amples of loyalty and* patriotHm ; and for having, with the aflhtance of the generous reprefentatives of other pans of this kingdom,, hitherto preferved their country from the mifchievous effects of corruption and other mile-praclices, by which they have entitled themftlves to the moft grateful acknowledgments and fervices of all who have a due fenfe of • the intereft of this kingdom, and rightly conceive bow greatly fociety is concerned in giving virtue ample rewards. The difcovery of William Price, a nitivjs and joiner of Crlckhewel fn Breconfhire, who was the barbarous murderer of the Jcw,(fee p. 57&O was occafloned chiefly by his audacioufly carrying in his pecker* fcvsoW Digitized by VjOOO IC

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014 Other Ad ait ions ^DECEMBER, 1753; fcveral watches, and wearing at his kneet and in Ms flioss genteel fiWcf buckles, ornaments unfuitable to him $ and, in tome meafure, to his great generofity towards his female acquaintance in Bre- con, in beftowing on them gold rings, Hone girdle -buckles, (huff- boxes, &c. in too liberal a manner $ and flncc his commitment to Monmouth goal, he has made the following voluntary confefflon; rt Nov. 20, I was going from my mo- ther's houfe to Brecon, I met Jonas Levi a Jew within two fields of Crickhowelj there I turned back and followed bim to the place where I took a ftake and laid it down 5 I was then before him, and then furn'd back, and met him, and with that Hake I knock'd him down and haul*d aim to the wood where he was found ; I shrew the firft flake away, and was in fuch confofion that I could not find it again, but took another (lake and ftruck him again, and no other blows, neither was there any body elfe with me; nobody knows any thing of it but myfelf till this moment, and there I robbed the box of all that was therein of any value j after I killed him, I robbed him of a guinea in gold and two (hillings and fix pence in filver $ as witnefs my hand, William Price*" TnuasDAY, Dec. vj. The Rtt Hon. the lord Onflow, Sir Charles Poulet, Sir Richard Lyttleton, Sir Edwarrd Hufley Montagu, Sir Ed- ward Walpole, and Sir William Rowley, were installed in a private manner knights of the Bath in Henry Vllth's chapel in Wetainfter-abbey. FaiDAT, aft. . The drawing of the ftate lottery ended at Guildhall. Death. IR Marmaduke WyviH, bart. pofl- genexa? o 54 A Hundred*. A Hunted and Oafa. A Hundred and Two 1, ^ M JKPII digitized by VjOOQ IC

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•I N-13 E X to the Debate* in the Political Club, .to the Essays, Politicks* Docieftick and Foreign OCCURRENCES, fcff. 1753. . A BBOTSBURYmeo, the VI! agateft iJTjl them not found 241. Found after- wm4$ *9i. The* arc acquitted 437 Acxjexota, remarkable ones 4a, 43, 9*, **S> 53* Ads pafled 92, 146, 194, «4i, 14a, 291, 579 A&s of Henry HI. and Edward I. in relati- on to the Jewa 515, 516. Remarks en tbnfe alb 517 Adam*, Sir Richard, made a Judge 45. And a ferjeant at law 91. He rcfigns hia re- corderlhip 92 Aldington, Dr. extred from him, of the fca-idirvy 351, 410, 411 Addrofs of the merchants, (radars and citi- 2ens of Dublin 41 Addreflea of the lords 28, 491 AddrerTes of the commona 29, 493 .Adventurer, extra&s from 132, lit, 311, .^ . « . .. 5J,» 369»*74. 5'9 Aframui Burr hoe, hit lpeech in favour of the marriage bill 407 Agiippa, M. hia fpeech in favour of fubfidy . creatica 161 ' Air, lighr, ele&ritHy, Ac. 37s Alcock, Mr. extracts from his remarks on two bills for the better maintenance of the poor 113—1x6 Aldernev, ifle,of, described $44 Alehouies, purport of the aft for licen&ig them 337, 410, 421 Alexander, William, Efoj eledcd aJderman 57* Aliens, the incapacities they are fubje& to *64 Almet the derviie, ftory of, with his moral vifion 566 . Alfton, Dr. hit experiments with lime-wa- ter 65 Alterations in the lift of parliament 4c, 149, 196, 245* 614 .Amelia and Caroline, princclTcs, their birth- day celebrated 191 Ames, Mr. hia method or receipt for taking oh* the infcnpoeos from bra> plates in churches 267 Amfterdaoj, mnJBberof burials there- in 1753 014 .Ariftocracy, how the marriage act may tend to introduce it 449 Arithmetical quefHoo propofed 368. An- fwered 416. The anfwer objt&cd to 473 Atrlamis Matnrjus, his fpeech in favour of the marriage bill 356 Art of not hearing people, or not koowiog them 491, 490 +?*****9 I75S% Affixes 193, 3$7, 438 A Uu ranee. See Modefty. Atfurance man of war loft 241. Court mar- tial on that affair Lid*. BACON, Sir Francis, hia lite and cha- racter 23—26 Bsmpfylde Moore Garew, a famous impcf- tor, hiftvry of 183 — 1S8 Bank, general courts of X47, 438. Direc- tors chofea 194 Birbot, John, his tr'a! at St. Ch'iftopher'e. for the murder of Matthew Mils, Efyi 347—35° Bartholomew's, St. hofpita), infeription on a marhle (lone put up there 338 Bsll, John, apprehended f.x counterfeiting foreign coin 386. Tried 578 B;llienus, L. hia fpeech in favour of the marriage bill 452 Ben Johnfoo, hia life, character and wri- tings 303, 304 Bertholde, adventures of. with a description of his perfon 27a. His ready anfwers to q/.teftions 173* How hs efcaped being hanged 276. His Jaft wiil 276, Vfj Bill of mortality. See Barlals. • Bills of mortality, a computation of the number of inhaoitsnU within them, from 2701 to 1752, and the increase and de- creafe in ihe intervals conildcred 207 Birch, Mr. confirmed Dr, in divinity 140 Birmingham, a description of 568 Bite of a mad cat, Shocking ftory of 2 per- fon dying by it 387 Bite of a mad dog, receipt for 147. How to know, when a peifja is bit, whether the dog was mad 521 Boadict*, (rate of Britain in her time, giv- ing light to the new tragedy 494 Bsculonim, A* bit fpeech agatnft the Saxon iubfiJy {treaty 57. Againft the clande- ftioe marriage bill 55) Bolingbroke, lord, abftteit of his letter to Sir William Windham, in 17 17 209— 218. Translation of lord 9 air's letter to Mr. Craggs concerning him 227. Inferip- tion on his monoment 437 Boloaian (tone, properties of it, and a phos- phorus made out of it 222, lie. Expe- riments with it 224 Bounties upon the exportation of earn, ob- fervations on them 376 Briftol, the riot there 241. Reward for apprehending the rioters 38 $ Briftol, of the new Exchange there 520* Other particulars relating to the ciry 5 a t .Britifb; muJseam, truAcet aV itappoiated by eel of parliament ' 579 4 ;r *Wd

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INDEX t« the Ehays. &S. Bread wheels, their utilty confident 153. Purport of the a& for encouraging tht oie of them 337 Brothers, account of the new tragedy of the 99. Remarks on it 255 BrurorJ, Sofanna, burnt for potfbnfag her hu&and 437 Brute creation, fome thoughts on 179 JtuSon, M. his accoont of the human fartue •7 Burials, monthly account of 46, 94, 15a, aoo, «4S, »**, 344, 39*. 44*. 4**t 53*f 5*4. Yearly accoont of 614 Burner, birnop, abftra£t of hia life, written by hit fon 50—84. Hia diligence in dis- charging the dados of his epifcopal office S3. His death «4 Burnet, Sir Thomas, hit declaration in hit laft will 91 By -(tanner, remarks on him, In relation to the Jewt bill 456 C. CJESO FtUnt, hia fpeech again* the Jews bill 316 Cambnck and French lawn bill 465 Cameron, Dr. committed to the Tower 194* Condemned for high treafoa 04a. Hia execution 290 Cancerous tumours, a remarkable cafe rela- ing to them 425, 426 Canning, Elisabeth, the firft ftory of 9a. Trial of the gypfy and Mrs. Wells for that affair iao—130. Her evidence 117. A further account of her affair 14a. Ac- count from the Infpe&on on that fobjeeH ibid. Abftraa of Mr. Fieidmg't fote of the cafe 14a, 143* Abftraa of Dr. HilPs pamphlet in aofwer to it, intitled, The Story of Elisabeth Can«iiag conGdered 15% Bail for her appearance 146. The bill againit her for perjury not found 841. Af- terwards found 291. Warrant for appro* hendingher 33S Carmarthen, affair of 387 Character, an excellent one 540 Chra&ere, two opposite ones I4 Charities, great coUe&ions for fereral 193, *94» 195 Chutclet, court of, their drfputes with the king*s court about rcgiftering the lettere patents for eftablHhiog the royal chamber 5'* Chaucer, Geoffry, hit life, chancer and writing! 398—400 Chefter, a description of 317, 3*8 - ChrinVs-hofpitaJ, general court of the gover- ,,or, 339 Chriftina, queen of Sweden, her life and character 19, to Christmas, cb'stvations on the time' for keeping it e? ChrHlnlngs. See Batiala. Circoittenrrof Grea- Bixttio, queries prop©. S7f 11$$ Qrencaater aaVlrefs to about the Jews aA 473 O, 474 Ctaadeftioe marriages, accoee* of the aA to prevent them 337, 360. Debate eta at SS*~ 3«7» 407-41** 449— 45«a 4fT — 5««» 545 — 555* a*oittpropoilB4t»t% added to it 3I1. Proceeding on the hal 4*t, 414. Spinfters petition agesnA at Cfogher, bimooof, emtraa tram his tranfle- tion of a journal from Grand Cairo to mount Sinai 155. He aenfoota it to the fociety of aeti^seriee too Commons addrefs at the opening of the fixtfc femjnns9. At the opening afti^ t^eatm Complexion, features and shape of anon of different climates tft Condnaof a married fife, fee, eatraafosna that piece J if Conftaotia, her afle&tng ftoty 09, 30 Copenhagen, advice from, relating to the Jewa in that city S4*JU Corn, petitions from the exporters of, about the non-payment of the bounty anouey 375. A bill occanenod by them 370 Cornwallii, Hen. Edward, ECr; elaoao* member of parliament for Weft mi after, in the room of Sir Peter Warren, ecceav ftd 4S Cornea, affairs of 390 Court martial 141 »Cenrts of Europe, a Eft of the important differences depending between thena 436 Cows, malicatus a&ion 0/ cutting of their tests and tails or Cranftoun, capt* particulaca relating to hia death 19, 90 Grouch, Mr. robbed and murdered 437. The murderer condemned and executed C7S Cuel execution of a youth, who turned Jew in Poland 340 Cruel executions in Ruffia and Perfia ojg Cuff, Mr. account of his new contended double microfcope 404 Cdmberland, duke of, his berth-day eejeaoav- ted 19s D. aEAP, remarkable caie of a naan foborn Debatss in the Political Cob, tin. on e> new fobfidy treaty with the king of Po* lend, eltaor of Saxony 9—19, 57— 65a 105—1 io. On fubfidy treaties in general in time of peace 110—113. On the hHl to permit persons profemng the Jewish re- ligion to be oaturalieed by parhanaent 957 — a66, 305—3x1, 353— 356, 401— 406. On the clandeftme samnaaga US 356—367, 407— 4»«f 449>-45»> 497 — 50S, 545—555* On the hill for per- mitting the exportation of wool and wool len or bay yarn from any port in Ireland to any port in Gieat- Britain ftftl** D1 Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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**53 ««9 iSS INDEX/Mfe Essays, & 54« Excife, total amount of that revenue 1 4* Executions at Tyburn, &c. 91, 191, '94* >95» *43» 3*7» 3**t 4*3> 484, 57* of eox laws fdatittf to then B*trs&aon, Immorality of Dtffaeiftce in opinions 519 mflerait views of human li£e, from Pofidip- pss tad Metrodorus 519, 5*0 Dii&nrjng minifters, annual collection for their widows and children 146 ptfrnafST amopf the cattle breaks out again DiAreas at '6a, a melancholy relation of 145 Pof biting a nation, how to know whether he wet and 501 B Desist, dnke of, hie fpeech to tke Irlfh pariiaaent 4S) Dorretmire, a defcriptioo of 446—44! Xfcei&en chins, a curious aeeonnt of it *tO Druids, a difcourfe on the etymology of the name 511, 51* Drains Publico!*, JuL his fpeech in favour of the Jews bill too G, *c Dublin, address of the merchants, traders and citizens there 4 1. Important advices from, relating to the proceedings in parsta- tneat there tJta, 61} Dublin yearly bills of mortality 4* , 614 Duds, an eflay on, and a method proposed tor preventing them 471 G> 471, 473 Dunkirk, of the new works there 5** Dotch, their practice with regard tomarna- «*• 45* 454 E. EARL of Effex, account of the new tragedy of 1*1— 1*3 Ea#. Frieuand, dilutee about 946,390 Eaft-Indla direaors chofcn 1 94 Saft-Indres, journal of the late war there 130—13* Earthquakes in Yorkshire, Lancalhtre and Chenire a»9 Earthquakes, Dr. Stukeky's conjeaore of the caufe either* 79 Edipfe of the moon on April 17, with a type Edipfe of the fun on 0€t. *6, types of 397. Particular remarks on it in the (overs! uartsef the world 39* Edinburgh, defign of improving it 146* The safer that purpofc 4*° Edward I. ad in his reign in relation (0 the - Jews 5* Elearical csrperiments for drawing the light* ning (rem clouds 436. A person killed by them Ibid. Elisabeth, eueen, her Latin fpeech, in an. fwer to the Polim amb*ffador*e, with an EngEfh translation, and proper remarks 3»4» Empire, difpote between the electors snd princes who moll judge of the neceflsty of clearing a king of the Romans 13, 14. Danger of its befog without a head 16. How the electors snd princes fland tffec- |cd with itfsrd to the ckfiioa of a king F. F ANTES nation, treaty between them and the Engliih at Cape^coaft-caftle 4SS Peaft , a prodigious one, made by an arch* bifhop of York ate) Fielding, Mr. abftraa of his eeopofal tor making an etTe&ual prpvifion tor the poor 74— 7f. Abftraa of his Clear Hate of the cafe in relation to Canning 14* Fire, remark on Mr. Freke*s treatise on job nature and property 34 &• Firea 4s, 241, 339, 34a, 3I6, 3S7, 4*3* 53» Flowers, how to obtain frefh blown, in W'O- . ter '470 Foetus, human, hiftory of its formation 67 Foote, Mr. sccount of his new comedy, in- titled, The Engiiihman in Paris a*S Fetter, late Rev. Dr. an account of him and his writings 5*3* 5°4 Foundling hofpital, opening of the new cha- pel there 194. The (acred oratorio per- formed there 041 Premewoik-kttitters, their petitions 466, 467 •Prance, ebfurdity and folly ef Bnglifli families going thither a, 19— ass Free Britim fUhcry, general courts of 9 1, 387, 57* Freke, Mr. a remark on his treatife en the nature and property of fire 34 D. French fasntons, ridiculous ones %xx French perriwig maker, his humorous and fttiricai advertifement 3S0 French hofpital, colleaionfor 194, 19? Fruit, how to preferve it 463 D* FuWius, Cn. his fpeech againft the clande- stine marriage bill 545 O. GAME laws, the countryman's com- plaint sgainft them 3 1. Trial of a farmer upon them 147 Qamefter, a new tragedy, an account of it 51 Gaming, modeft defence of, extracts from that pamphlet 565 Gaming and routs, mischiefs of no Gardening, whimfical variations in 156 C. Gafcoyne, Sir Crifp, lord mayor, gives a grand entertainment at the rnaniion house 3S7. Thanks of the common council to him st the expiration of his office 53* . Generis, remarks on a pamphlet, inttrjed. Some reflections upon the 7th, 8th, and 9th eerfes of the ad chapter * 14* Are* 4 I a Genii* Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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I N X> E X u tU Ess a vs, of*. *75St Ceeii, e new ceu&taiomcnt, an account of to Geographical paradox 56I Geometrical qoaftions 5*9 George, St. the famous loglifh patron, a dif- . cottiie in honoor of him ^ 44$ German princes. See Empire* Glanders in horfes, caufe and cure of that . diftemper 559 Cold and filter lace, obfervations on it 3 c GoW and filter wiredrawing 7* Geut or rheumatidn, a cute for J*> Gran. See Pricea. Guernfcy ilU defciibed SH Guioea, tragical account of the loft of a ihip from thence* by the infurrecTion of the negroea 91. A more particular account of it ill* 18* Gypfies, ftatutet eoncero'trg them 170 Cypfy woman. See Canning and Squires. , H. HAGUE, number of deaths therein 1753 614 Hail ftormt, remarkable ostea 290, 19s Hales, Dr. his account of the rnccefsof renv ttlators 90 Halfpence, penalty for counterfeiting them 146. Trial on the cafe 147. A per*011 feted for refufing good oact 290. Petiiione again* the bad ones 467 G» Hall, Virtue* See Virtue Hall. Hamiltm, John, condemned and executed for the murder of lord Harrington's cook S7* Hanway, Mr* extract* from him ia>», 10 J, »3*» *31» «7»» *©j Happinef*, the way to. an alkaory 307 Hatdonius, App. his i'peech in favour of the Jews bill jit Harrey, Mt. hit tragical ftory 386 Healing, enrlefauc en the modern art of Hebrew journal, from the Craftfman 302 Henry III. ae> in hi* reign againft the Jews put chafing or hold ng any land cftatet 515 fiemy V|. his patent for an univerfal mc«* dicne and the philofi j>bers ftone 509 Heraclius, prince, his fuccefr in Perfia 046. His lemaikable fpeech to the Perfian gran- dees 294 Herrainiu*, T, hit fpcech agair.ft the mar- riage bill aio, B-rrfrg fi/hcry 3)9. See Free Britiih Filhery. Hcfie, prineeftef, her bit th -day celebrated 146 Hill, Dr. abftracl of his pamphlet in relation r> Canning 1 $0 Holla d, advices from 47, 486, 581 Home, Mr. retract from his Hate of the cafe between Sir Ifaac Newton and Mr. H trhinfcn 119. A qoertion put to him Uii Hi anfsur, 180. Reply to him i *8i. Deeded by Cartdiews 07 1, 4«e> Reply to all that has paOed in Use coau**- wfy 55** Hoik aadai** dklogae betfiacji if* I. .*«* JAMAICA Wl Je cmk, Mr. hit letter b defence ofMr. WhirWs charaaer »8e Icaluus hdfeeflrt, picture of 5c % Idea of a philosopher $$$ Jenkins, Henry, who lnred 189 yoott, an account of him 36% Infcriptioa on n menument erected to his memory jt*9 Jerky, ifleof, defcribed 543 ew barbarouily vrarceied 578. The maw derer*s eonfeffion * UtiX. *** Jews maflacre at York °~ 4t7 Jew* bill, petition sgainA 24s. Subllanee of the ad When parted 2 54 O, s 5 5. Whether a Jew can he naturalised try tirtue of it 283. Debates on the bill in the political club 257—26*, 305— 3*t, 35*— J5*» 401—406. That they can newer he the beemners of trade in any country 310* Hiftury of their fettiement id »hta kmf> dom 317* Preeeedinfa on the wJI, and petitions fox end againft k 411, 42]* A regard fo religion, and reverence to pern*, meet tuyed as motives again* the ball 40a. The prejudice and danger epprehended from the bill with refpoft to our present h»pty eftabliioment, and the next genorei elt&ion 405. Remaika on the By* slander in relation to it 406. The ad repealed $33>S7?« Ad of Henry III. end lew. I. in re la- ion to the Jews, with resnarfcs 515, 516, 517. Opinion* of Uwycsf about Jews bom here norckwlMigend hohV ing laudato them and their hcire 521 , 502* Remeiks 00 the lame and other t kings re- lating to them 523. Their note under our antient kings 324 Immorality of detra&ion 1 8f Incendiary letters 4&1 Inhumanity to a parent, inockiaujisUUoce off Inquiry into the original and cceifceoeoeea of the publick debt, cxm&s from chat pamphlet 604 Inscriptions on braXt plates in churches, mo rhod or recept for taking them off 267 Icf^'dor, extradsfrom 29, 35. 71, 78, 508, 607 Jnftrucliona to members to get the Jewa aft repealed 438, 473, 474 Johnion. See Ben Johnfbn, Journal of a learned and political dob. Set DzsATre. Jonmal from Grand Cairo to mount Steal and back again, extras from it 155 Journeymen tayiuts, their wapea end hewra of working lettlcd 91 Jpfwkh, yearly bill of morUlity chore fit*) Lne> Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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INDEX to tht Essays, &c.' Irirhmeo committed for a rape 3X7* Did charged 437 ' Ironfide, Edward, Efq; elected lord mayor of London 438. Sworn in 53 a* D.ea Italy, a fine description of 3*6 Julius, C his fpeech againft the Jcwi biU 264 K. KING, h:% fpeech at the opening of tht feffioo a£. His anfwers co the lores and comnoom addrefles 29. H;s fpeech at the cod of the fcffion %%%. His birthday celebrated 532. Hit fpeech at the open- ing of the picfent feffion 49a. His aofwer to the adaicffte of the lords and commons w run c , .493* 494 King of the Romans. See Empire* King's Beach prifon, affair of 469 Kitchen gardener's new and compendious dt* re£or 160 G, &c lonelier, Sir Godfrey, (lories of him and Mr. Pope ^63 ttnlghts of the Bath, new ones 389. in* flailed 614 JCotili Khan, turhemkk account of him from Mr. Hanway 171— 1 75, 203—200* U LA D Y, a letter to one on tht death of her mother 569 Land* of the improvement of, with proper remarks , 463 Latin difrtrded, a latire 41s Law>, not to be hafbly made, &c and what things axe to, be attended to by legiihtore 603 lawyers, their opinions on the queftkwi wi^ether a Jew born here could purchaJc and hold lands to him and his heirs 5a 1, .522. Remarks on the ftme 523 Lewi. XIV. account of his laft ficknejs and . death 22 Libe- ty, blemngs of, and mileiies of slavery 3*5 -Lift, different views of 519, 520 Lightning, electrical experiments tor draw- ing it from clouds 436 Lime, water, experiments (hewing that it preve.tt* putrefaction 65 LhcMcoJtein, prince of, his fine (eat burnt 34a Little horn in Daniel explained 430, 4ji Logarithm*, a queftion in 568 .Loadoo a wonder till ciry 32I London Gaactteer, eutracta from 218, 279 London Hofpital, col ection for 193 Long Livers, account of ieveral 600 Lore* addieft at the opening of the fixth lemon 28. At the opening of the feventh 493 ' Lordi and commons, difference between the houfctof, with regard co their conAiru- tienal power 450 Lattery faig.ns drawing $33, Ends 6x4 Lumii oua fpaces about the (both pole 378 Lunar eclipfe on April 17, with a type r*l Lyar, odious character of 369 Lyes of vanity ^yo ' MAINTENON, madam de, two let- ters of hera 2 1, 2a> Marble rocks engraved with antienc un- known characters 156 Mathematical queftion, objection |o the lo- lution of one, 34. Candidly allowed by the author 119. Another pr> pofed and /o!ved 470. See A rithmetical, Ceometrjciii, Ni- vigatioi, and Surveying. Maude, Mr. William, cafe of his death, 147, 19* Mercury, its tranfit over the fun on May 60 with a type 121 C, Microfcope, account of a new-conftructed double one 414 Mihtia bill 464 Mind of man, its powers 470, 471 Modern, duke of, treaty between him and the houfe of Auft< b 399 Modefty and Affurance, a, fable 27 Montauban, b:lnop of, a propar reply to his . invectives againrfc England 54m Moral vifion of Almet the dervife 466 Moreton, William, EJoj cholen recorder of Mofcnw, the famous great bell there 10a Munftcr, conceit between that regency and the regency of Hanover 344 Murder, a perfon committed for, 386. Dis- charged as not being the man 387 Murderers executed 193, 194, 339, 437, 483, 484, 578 Mutiny bill, debates on a new ciaule pro- posed to be added to it 37a; N. NABOBS in the Eaft- Indies, an ac- count of them 130 National debt, a ftate of it 270 Naturalization, denization, &c. 523 %/ Navigation, question in, propofed 415. Sol. ved 511, 568 Navy furgeons, their plan 4qS Newcaftle, a new hofpital to be fcunded there 483 Newcaftle, duke of, his anfwer to the Pruf- fian memoiial 5], 113. He vinti Cam- bridge 291 Nobody *s letter concerning wheel car* riages 329 F. Noniui, A. his fpeech againft the Jews bill *57 Norford, Mr. extract from hit letter to Mr. Frejtr, concerning cancerous tumours 425. A remarkable cafe related by him 425, 426 Nbrwich, mayor of, hi* essence* for- a pub- lick dinner iu 1561, 206, A remarkable fpeech on that occafion ibid. F. Norwich* Digitized by Vj(

Page 659

INDEX to the Essays, tfti ij$f Harwich, yearly bill of mortality there 614 Hoft rums and fpecific ka 951 Hova Scotia, exprefa from 24s, Present ltateef eoo Hnmber of people, bill for rendering them 4ANTOMIMES cenfored and ridiculed r 445 Paris, advices from 47, 25, 246, Ac, 58a Parliament, meetini of the 6ih feffion 41* Prorogued 191, 387, 43$. Alterations in the lift of 4S*i49> *9** *45>*|4» Som- tnary of the niott important affairs in it 26$, a6o , 389, 330, 373—377. 4»9— 414, 464 — 470. Meeting of the 7 th and lift feffion $3* Parliament of Paifc, conteft between them and the clerty of France 47. Copy of their remonftrancea 95, 197. Thry are haniihed 246. Brave fpeech of the rirft prefident of the great chamber, who are afterward 1 baniftied ibid. A new court eftablifhed in their room 531, 5S2 Parliament of Rouen. See Rouen. Pawnbrokers bill 4*4 Peerage, opinions in relation to k 461 Peerage- bill, the arguments tor and againft it 461, 46a Perjury, horrid crime of 36 Perfia, croeities cxercifed 00 the rebels there 133 Peyrac, M. owner of the French merchant • man the Phoeoi^, his cafe 195 Philofopher, ioea of one 555 Philofopers done, »n old patent for 509 Phoiphorus from the Bolonian ftone 121, Ac. Pick pockets apprehended 3^8 Plaifler cf Paris, cxpenn-entt and obftiva- tions ok 175— iS©. Further oblcrvatwnt upon it 266 Political Cbb. See Da B a t is. Politicks, fevcral tnftancee of onr late hast ones 1*35 Pomponios Atticot, his fpeech again* the Saxon fubfidy, but in favour of the motion for it 12. His fpeech on the Irim wool and woollen yam bill 595 Poor, ab*ra£ of Mr. Fielding's proposal m relation to them 74— 7S. Extro&a from Mr. A I cock's remarks on two btlls for the better maintenance of them 123-* see* Pope, Mr. ftories of him 563 Popilius Lamas, C. his fpeech again* the Saxon fobfidy treaty 105 Popirh prince, abfurdrty of baring one to gorern a protectant people - 217 Pofthumlus, A. his fpeechea agaioft fobfidy treaties in time of peace 1 10, 165 Pofti, apology for 5 s 7, 5S4 Pot-amet, See Raffia pot-afbe*. Pretender, lord Bolingbroke*s charades of him 214 Prices of flecks and grain 46, 94, 152, 200, 24S, 296, 344, 392, 440, 4*S, 53*» 5*4 Projectors, what (brt of are to be commended Proteiler, extraa from that paper 460 Pruffia, king of, his letter to Mr. Vadtaaae 197. His politkal proceedings 190 PmiTian memorial abbot the Silefia baa 4— f. Duke of Newcaftle's anfwer to at, with the report annexed 53, 55, tit> Obfervadons on it 72 Pablick debt. See Inanity. Purple of the antients, front Dr. TeencJe- man 559. A new purple dtfcamrtd by M. Reaumur 59S Putrefaction prerented by Bine* water 65 /^xVARANTINBbil! 373. 374 VJ Qoeftiona. See Mathematical QoJntusMocioe, his fpeech in favour* of the Saxon fubfidy 1 c. In favour of the dao> deftine marriage hill 549 R. RAWLINSON, Thernef, Ffq; eseded lord mayor, on the death of Edwusd Ironfide, £fqf 533* Sworn in at the Tower 57! Reaumur, M. a new purple discovered by him $9* Rebels, account of feme iessed in Scattaad Rerleclor, extract from, ajgainft the half making, Ac. of laws 2w| Rfg;r>ring bill 46s? Reverberatory furnace, a new kind of oae **3 Rheumatifm. See Gout. Rhyroirt, <jueftion proposed aty F. Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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INDEX U tit Essays, &c. »75S- Richmond new park, memorial concerning it prefentcd to hit mtjefty 147. A bill of iodiAment found agninft the keepers of it 437 Richmond in Yorkihiro. a defcription of 464 Riot at Briftol 141. Jo Yorkfiiire 338 Rood till 4*1, 4a* Rooen, parliament of, difpotes between them and the court, wherein they follow the example of the parliament of Paria 4S6, 58a, Preamble to their remon- strances M Royal clumber eftablUhcd in the room of the parliament of Paria 5*1, 58 a Rami hfe, cenfore on its prdent &Jmonable employment 4'4 JLniEa pot*dhes, a genuine acconnt of the manner of making the beft 351 S. SAINT Luke's hofpitaJ, colleaioofoi 194 Saint Remo town aod diftricl, affair of 34s* Proceedings of the Gcnoefc with regard to it 390 Saik, island of, defcribed 544 Saxon iohfidy treaty, debate on it 9—19, 57 — •«» 105— no Scfcomberg, Dr. a heating on the difpute be- tween him aod the college of phynaani 3)9 Scilly islands, a defcription of 158—160* Their names, number, qualities, and qoan- titiet of land contained inoarh 159. Num- ber and character of the inhabitants J 4© Sea-fcurvy, from Dr. Addington 351, 4m, 4«i Scmpronius Cracchus, T, bis fpeech againft the Jews bill 401—406 Serviliua P.ifcui, his fpeexh in favour of the Saxon Oubfidy treaty 9. In favour of the JcwsbiU 553—356 Srtfcons at the Old Bsiley 4a, 9a, 241, a9«» 339> 437, 484* 578 Sharper, (hep*lifter», houfc-breakers, &C. caution againft them, with the arts made uie of by them 4*9> 430 Sheriffs appointed 91, 9a Sherirrs for London and Mid oleic* chofen «9». Sworn in 438 Shipwreck, a terrible one $%% Sbipwreck'd goods bill 374, 375 Shovel, Sir Cloudefly, his fed di&fter 160 D, Sikfia loan, copy of the Pruflbn miniftcr*a memorial concerning it 4—6. Duke of Newcastle's anfwer to it 53. Abftract of the report on the fame (ubjeet, made to hit oujefty fry Sir Oeorge Lee, Dr. Paul, and the attorney and feUfcitor general 55, 113. 'ObfervarJona on the marnecial re- lating to it 7* . 373 — 377» 419— 4*4. 4*4—47* Supply, fums granted rer it a68« Way* and means for railing them a6n Surgeons of the royal navy, their plan 608 Surveying queftion solved 277. Another prooofcd *79. Solved 331 £, 367, 373, 4»S T. TACITUS, critical remarks 00 him 173 Templcman, Dr. corioua extracts from ■& Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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INDEX to the Essay*, 6?r. fhisVe, new knlfchts of 19J Thomas's; St. hol'pttaJ, great benefaction to Thunder- ftom in Cornwall, accoont of a moft extiaordinary one OS CTMotfoo, archbilhop, his Kfc 31—34 Tinners, parl'rtment of 43S Tory and whig parties, lord Botiogbroke'a account of them ^ *o9 Town, various motives of coming to c6s>. That of a young lady's to alter her inane the worft ef ail 56* Trade and taxes, confiscations on • tit Trading towns, advantages of living in them Tranfpkmtation of men, and the changes that have happened m climates and coun- tries 176 Trebonias Afptr, L. his fpeech againft the marriage bill 497 Trclawncy, governor, arrives from Jamaica •4-1 Trent and Severn, account of a propofal for rralcing a navigable communication be- tween them vSo Trials ia6, 146, 147* 33*» 347* 3*7. 57S Tot key trade, petitions relating to it, and the bill occafioned by them, with observa- tion 376, 377 Twig'wees and French Indians in America, account of an engagement between them V. VACUUM in nttttre, reply to the feve- ral letters in that controversy 55$, &c. See Horne, Mr. Valerius Corvus, M. his fpeech againft the Jews biU 30S •Valerius FJjccus, L. his fpeech in favour of the Saxon fubfidy tieaty 6t. On the Irifli wool and woollen yarn bill . 5S8 Vegetable*, of the gradation from tbern to animals 1 17 Venetians, how they loft their liberties 450, 45 « Ventilators, account of their fuccefs 90 Vetnrius Philo, L. his fpeech on the Inih wool and woollen yarn bill 585 Vienna, advices from 341, ic. Virginius, L. his fpeech in favour of the) marriage bill 505 Virginius Ruiilus, T. his fpeech on the Trim wool and woollen yarn bill 591 Virtue vindicated from BrutuVs (lander 144 Virtue Hall, ker evidence on the trial of the gypfy for Canning's affair 1*8. She re- traces it 146 Unigenit*st bull, historical account of 395 Universal medicine, K. Henry Vlth's pa- tent for ' £09 Volga, account of that great river 103 Volga acd Cafpiao pirates, account of them '753- 1 j*. Terrible maimer nf executing tktm *33 Voltaire, M. king of Pnil!ia"s letter Co fern 197. Arretted at Frankfurt 00/4. IU letter to his niece in the ongioad French, with an EngHJh (ranfiatioa 427, 41I tTpnor caftie in Rear, a oeicriatioa or k, and of the neighbouring forts 104 Utility- of broad wheels 353 W. WALES, prince of, his berth-star o> lebrated too Wakes, pnncels dowager of, has? fcertb-aiy celebrated 57I War, feemtng preparatione tor, ia iarepe *§♦ Weather at London 46, 91, 15*^ ana, *4*# *9*» 344, 39*t 44«. 4**» 54I, Wells, Mrs. See Canning and Squire*. r Weftminfter election 42, 4] Weftmoreland, a deicriotion of y, I Whale, a defciiptien of ir, and of the wW flheiy if 2 G, tit Whale finery, itsfucceCi J39, jW, ^ Wheel carriages jx| ■Whifton, Rev. Mr* remarks on hn chant* ter 1 1 8. Letter in viodicacjon of jf 157. Two other letters ia defence of it 1*5, *t6. Mr. Jeactcke's tetter to the fcax purpofe \X\ WhiteneJd, Mr. extm&s from his eeaafa- latory letter to count Zir aendorf sjg, 034 Whole duty of woman, charadejr of tat piece, with an extract from it 5* Wild boar, a defer iption of it 56 I. Wind at Deal 46, 94, 15a, loo, 14S, .. *9*> 344. 39*. 44o, 4*t. If* f«4 Windbam, Sir William, ab<tr*a of l«dB- lingbroke'a letter to aha aoo— ill Wire- drawing, gold and lilver yt Wool and woollen yarn, of the bill fee per- mitting them to be exported fawn fceJani to Great- Britain 419, 4*0% Debate oa It in the political dub 585 — cat Digitized by VjOOQIC

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*758- Vorkfltire, deJcriptian of 35* Young, Dr. his benefaction to the fwiery fur propagation the goipel in foreign pens »47 INDEX/o tba Poet**; z. 7INZENDORF, count, the head of L/ he Moravians, cxtra&s from Mr. vVhiterleld's expoftulatory letter to him *33; *34 INDEX 7tf /£* Poetry, i753. ADDRESS to the mufe 384 Adveifity, hymn to 31* A la mod;, monfieur, by a lady 4$ I Allegoiy attempting to explain the theory of vegetation ,57* Andria of Terence, epilogue* to it 187 Anion and Warren, a foog fet tomafick 135 Antiquary, from one ,in town to a brother antiquary in the country 477 Artemifia, to her 333 Afthma, prefcription to cure-it 1 90 TJ AROANY, lord, epitaph on htm B » th , epiftle to a friend there £ tS J}iph-day 435 Birth- day ode 5*7 Biac|coird? elegy cccationed by (hooting one .on Valentine*! day 133 Boadicia, a new tra&edy, prologue and epi- logue to it * * 575 Bojingbroke, lord, epigram on his letters tod the anfWere 191 Boyle, lord, to him .op hit marriage 383 fyijtHh country lift, in Imitation of Horace 33* Brother*; difpute on feeing that play lo*. . Prologue to jt juyj, Historical epilogue to h 138. -To the Rev." t)\. You g, the 'author 140. Complaint of the tra- gjck poets, aidreiVtl to him, on that play • -• .' $r r ; , CELIA in the coutrtr?, to&er - 669 Charms of Sally ' 384 Cuaucer, fcfptciaacn ofhtspeetr? • 400 Ciive, <apr. extempore XM his arrival 530 £»*ke, lord vittOunt, «n hi* <kui!L 530 Colin and Phabe, a new fong 139 Colquheun, Mrs. epitaph on her 40 Complaint of thetragick poets toD ; Youflg, on Kit tragedy of thc^Brothers J 89 Contentment, enquiry after 87 Contentment, hjmnto 478 Country dances 38, 136, *86\ 383, 433* . ,., V*» S*7» 5?* Country life 33* 4N7UR ptBrm. in the A0r/<* **/*- csfut, tranlktcd 38 Ajpendi*, 1753, * D fcavies, Mifc, hearing her pracTOng on fete harplicord 1 40 Death of a young lady, verfes on 333 Dialogue between the Rt. lion. H— P*-, and madam Popularity 14 1 Dialogue fet to nu Tick *y0 Diamond, a fable 477 Difcontcot, to Stella 48 1 Depute, occafioned by fee'ng the play of the Brothers IO( Dlftich on the emprefs-queen, tranflated and pataphrafed ^% Dorfet, duke of, a poem to him, by Mr. . Jones, author of the fcarl of Eflfcx 188 Duty to Ood 139 Duty to our neighbour and our/elves 19a Dyer, Mr. te him, on his poemcalled, T»e Carnation ig» EARL of ErTex, to Mr. Henry Jon-f, the author of chat tragedy 136. Pro- logue and epilogue to it 137.. Other verfe* to the author I39. Epilogue deilgned for it, by Mr. Foote ' 141 EJegy xkcafiooed by /hooting a blackbird on Valentine's day 133 Emprcfs- queen. See Dtftich. * Empty verfe, foliloquy on 335 Enquiry after contentment ,/ 87 Epigram* 190, 191, 478 Epilogue to the Gatfefier 86. To the Karl . of E$x 137. To the Brother* ijjg. To Terence** Andria 287. To Tereoce's Jcuiuch, in Latin and Englilfc 541, 54a. To Boadicia 575. Mr. Macklin'a, on hi* leaving the flage 611 Epiftle, a humorous one of a facetious young lady be- rhymed J38 Epiftle to the Rt. Hod. the lord mayor 478 Epiftle to Mr.O ■ j K— -cka: Bath 528 Epitaphs 40, 87, 190, 385 Efthsr, ftansas in the cho.us of Raciu*s tra- gedy of 289. Imitated in EngiiJh ibid. Evening contemplation in a college 57$ .Eunuch of Terence, epilogue in, in Latin andEnglim 54»# 54* F. FLAVIA 529 Foote, Mr. epilogue defigned by him for the tragedy ef the Earl of Elfex 141. To him, on his new comedy, intitled. The Eng'imma* at Paris 446. P/oJogoe faokco by him 484 4 & Fvttcr, Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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INDEX to the Po*try. *7Sl. Fofter, late Re?. Di. James, vtifcs oa him Sit Fiee-mafonr lot hem, at laying the foundati- oo of the new Exchange at Edinburgh 5*5 Friend, rerfee to one 384 Friendihip interrupted by trifles, reftorcd and ancreaisd by rcaibn »|9 O. GAMESTER, prologue to 86. Epi- logue ibtd. Song introduce* in it 87. Te the author of it ibid. God the unisexfal parent, a hymn 191 H* HEAD ACH, to Aurelia 3S5 Herculaneum, liree wrote extempore by a gentieman to hit friend, on heating he had left England with a defign of ?i- fiting it agS Hertford, counted of, extempore on a draw- ing of hers 577 Hey for the forcerer 40 ftili, brigadier. general, epitaph on 3S5 Holt fchooJ, terfes from, in Latin and Eng- Irfh 138, I39, 19* Horace, an ode of hit imitated 239. Ano- ther tianflaied 240 Hymn to adrerfity 332 Hymn to contentment 478 IANTH E and IpK?«, fct to mufick 37 Jore?, Mr. Henry, to him, on his trage- dy of the Eat! ot Eifcx 136, 139. His poem to the deke of Doriet a$8 K CK, Mr. €- r„ epifWe to him at Bath $i% LA D Y and the pimple, a ft Me Tj Lady, to one who prefenied a gentle- man with a pair of rallies of her own making 333. Written in the firft leaf of Mtkrn's paradife loft, that was fent to one 435. To one paying a vific in the charac- ter of a beggar for convents 4S0. On travelling whh one 530. Occasioned by the late marriage of one out of Eflix, tmw fettled W:th her fpoufe at St. Ires 577 Lady*s fquirrel, on its death 577 Limbert, Mr. to him 88 l« mafkk Millervs fong, fet to mvfick 324 Milton's meafure in 1' Allegro and 3 Pnifriaea imitated $71 Minueti 86, 9158, 335 Modern dteft, a receipt for 390. To ahc author 480 Monimh to Philcclet, written by ike lose lord H y 43J Monfieur A* la mode, by a Indjr 481 Mufe, addrcft to 584 NAN NY 0/ the rale, of Wcfefatoa aj Kent SH .New year'* ode 40 Ncffiter, Mil's, pro!ogot token by Mr. lat- ry, In the character or Romeo, on her nrft appearing on the flag* 529 OCCASIONAL prologoe. attended* to hare been fpokeahy Mr. Woadmmt Ode for new year*! day 40 Ode of Horace imitated ajej* Transited 14© Ode en the prince of Wales's birth-day ttf Ode for his majefty's birth day (2/ Off cum nfi'tim cri* Vtwm 13!. Imitated at Englifli heroicks Itt Officium tufinm tr^g priximu tt mtm^ffm 192. Imitated in Engliih atei. Ozyrhel BufBy, to htm lot P* fsi PANEGYRIC* on tirtoe Pardonera prologue, from I Paftoral dialogue- 39 Prefrription to core an aftKott 190 Pmlogue to the Gamete S6\ To the Earl of Eflex 137. To die Brother! ibid. Intended to hare been Jpokear by Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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Single life, the pfeafiire of, a new frog fct Co tnufick 476 Soliloquy, wrote in June, 1746 289 Soliloquy on an empty porfe 335 Songe $7, 139. Mo, 479 Songs fetto mufick 37, 85, i} 57© The Species 38 SpesUer, fpetimentof hit pofitry 495 Spring evening 435 Squirt cj, 00 the death of a lady's 577 T. TALE of a paribn and hit parifliioneri, 610 Terence*i Andris, epilogue to a8y Terence'* Eunuch, epilogue to, in Latin and Engliih 541, 542 Travelling with a lady 530 V. VEGETATION, allegory to ciphin (he theory of 57a Vernon, adtntfal, extempore occafioned by INDEX of N A M K 8. • readiog an the pa peri, that he had 1 flag given him, written in 1739 330 View of life *]9 Virtue, panegyrkk on 61* W. WALES, prince of, ode on hit birth- day aftf Webb, capt. on his having a flip i$e> Wcfton niufes 479 Winter 335 WiOora of Solomon, paraph rafe on a pafla*e in it 330 Wits generally great fools, on the D— of a certain C— — ge, who made that obfer* vation 191 V. YOUNG, Rer.Dr. to him, on his ex client tragedy of the Brothers 1 40. Complaint of the tragick poets addreucd to him on the fame 189 Young Dorilas, a new fong fet to mufick 38a Young laJy, on the death of ooe 333 Young nobleman, killed in an engagement at fea, epitaph on 385 Names to the Marriages, Births, hs, Promotions, fcfr. 1755. 148 Birch £44 Burde INDEX De Avavt 4*$ Abcrpf«aoy93 AtUat J40 Adams 45, 341, ♦», A«Ubn »*5JS 57* 533 43 195 £44 196 >95 4*5 3*9 *43 .5*0 93* 43* 534 534 439 *93 J4' Allen Aligned AlAon Amy and Andrews Anne (ley Anftnither Anfty Archer Arcott Areflctne Armes Arnold Arundel Ambrook Amburnhnai of AT Baltimore .,,.« _..— AiTiber 5)3 Biron Bambridge Buckeridge Blacket 196. Burnet, 340 Biackiftoa 19a, 438 Burridge Bampneld 49 Bland 439, 534 Barrongh B*nkes 19a Btaney "* B**kr»pts 45, 149, BJom?r **5» *93. 34«» Wount 389* 419. 534. Board 581, 614 Boldero Barker 485 Bond 9*w v^ Barnard 943 Bootle 580 f^JESAR £93 Barrington an 3 Borlace tVarnm 438 V-l Caldwell 579 Barymore 580 Bowler 485 Campbell 193 34«» 439 B,yle ~Mm *a- rw.i:. AJhurtt Aihunry Auchmuty B. BAckhoufe Bacfcwell Bacon Baker Kaltfaa;ar 3*9» 4S9 si* 4*5 *43 439 43 419 0* 4* Bat cm an Bathuift Bayly Bearcrofc Beard Beauclerk Bedford Bell netware Bendi/h Benaet Benfon Bentiey Berjew Bfeikeley Berresford Bertie neriwortk Biddulph fiiUinghuift £44 Burdett 341 Burlington j 9 6. Burnet, 7.,43•« 34t *4* «49> 34° 34*. £9£ 44 •93 5*0 91 H» Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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INDEX of Names. Oiefwyna1 93, *4* Chitty 592, 43* Churchey *49 Chart hill 389 Clarendon 580 CUraJa 579 Carfce 4*5 Cawcing 193,341 Cl-oKirg 45 Cleveland 293 Ci#e 45, 93 Clonfcrt 4-S Clothier 4$; Cloyne 44, 93 Coat ci 193 Coke 439 C>lebrook 586 Coles 45 Collett 389 Collingwocd . 293 Call oi JOf, 485 Coney 3*1 Coo way 244. Ojnye-f 438 Ctmyrigham 439 Coolcei WinWord 579 Cooer 195, 4»S Qope »93 Corbet: 4S, 193,340, 3*8 Cornwalli* 14$, 293 Cor ranee 439 O.xon 148 Cr^cherode 58 1 Cragie 58 1 CannSur* 45 OawforoV 93 Crefpigny 534. Crightaq 196 Croft 580 Crofts 389 Crump e8l Cat son »43 P. DALRYMPLE 43* Umer 293, 48$ D*n*ers 38JJ, 4/13 Drkin 439 D'vell 44 D'Avcnint 341 pivie 214 Djwcs 4^9 Pivrlon * 34Q, 48 ; JXy 388 P&acon 93 D^ane 388 Deoham J 49 Dental! k 485 Denne • 9j bt'ty 438; 58' Dfwar 195 Dgby 293 Bobbins 149 mv Dobfii 4; Dodd 244, 388 Dodfon 03 Dolman 148 Done Han 439 Doude'well 243 Dofcglas 243, 534 Douglas Stewart 579 Duwn and Connor 4; Downef 4 > Drake 196 DruKtnond 195, 534 Drory 340 Duff 195 Dundas 43* Dup^lin 340 D>er 485 E. ED LIN 340 Edmonftone 485 Egfrtcn 195, 388 Elert 148 Ella T49 E'gti/h 534 Effex 339 Eflex Wyndham 19 * Erarii 93 Every 44 5 .xuings 534 Eyre - 43$ F. FAIRCHILD 196 Falkener 14S Fan (haw 485 Fatio 244 Fauconer 389 Fawcett 389 Fenwkk 43 Fern 148 Ferrers 19$ Fitzmaurice 293 Fleming 339 Fooneretn 341 Fontaine 439 Forbes 29 * Ford s Forte fcue 4 Fofter Hyde 19$, h:. s*° Hystfbrd r **> f ACKSON i<?, J 5«* Jacobs Jaminean W 34» Jarvia Jenkins HS 44 Jennings S!I Jepibn »$* Jeffc »44 Jefler Jruheqajn 5te # Innes m Johnibn 534 Tohrfton 43! Jones 149, 1 t44»H*. 531 Jordan ? Jordaio 5«» Irobfide 4] ;«. 5^ «♦ K it-ay 4m !» 19S Keene M Relall *44 Kerrp tat Kenr.pe 53 Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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* 753: Lefh LcOcf Le Pipre Leauerne Le*ett Levis Ligonter INDEX *f Nam ft: 581 514 149 *93 4? Morgan Morfc Mortimer Moftyn Mote 439 Sorter 196 Potts 244 Powell 43? Powis 5*« Pownal Lcrefon Cower 4*$ Litte4 >4« Littleton 3*9 Lloyd 29*, 4*5 Lockmart 5*' Lombe 534 Lowe 293, $t°» 3** Lowth 4? Low t her 93 Ludlow *9* Luroley *44 Ltndfbrd «f» 7 M. MAcclesfieJd 19 * Maiilasd 5*1 Maolove 34' Mann 53* Manning >49 Maiden 3** Maiih 43* MarmaU 93 » 3*9 Martin 3*9 Mafon »96 Mafler 3** Mathrr *9* Matthews 340, 43* »4»uHcc 196, 292 Mawfon 341 Maynard 4S5, 579 Me*dows 389 J^leOlicott >96 Menre 3*9 Metcalfe *43 Milbank 19S, 3*9» Miles 34* M'lW n* Mi Monro $3; Monfon 93,19^, 143, Montague 148, 389 Mon tenor t 43 Mantilla 195 Montoliea 19 c. Moore 534, s*o Mordaunt 389 M*e Molineug 581 Moieton * 9a Montague Bertie 3S9 Priee Mount Char let 439 Prideaus Murray 340, 533 Pringle *44> Mufters N. NAPIER Nirfh Nattau Nea'e Nelb't Nethercoat Newton Nicholas NichoUi Nicol Noel Norbury Norman Norris Not they Noithumberland O. OAKES Obrien Oliver Olmius Onflow 93 pullen Pureel 93 Pufey »43 Pyc 29* Pyr 344 Pytts Q' UICK 4*5 ?**# 340 581 14* 614 196 533 534 & 534 41 3*« *93 439 34o "*" R, R 439* 56 3a 534* 58* Smyth 45 Summers 9] Somner 293 Southwell 339 9>>eke 4j Spragge 293 Scanderwkk 149 Stathopo 341, 3«t Sunley438.439.485 Star ton 485 Stapfeton 340, 48$ Stark 531 Stehelin 340 Steinberg 439 Stcpheofon 196 Stevens 346 Steward 439 Stewart 579 Stone 244 Stonehoufe 93 Stopford 9f Storke 340 Stourton 148 Stratian 388 Strangford 29s Strath mors 44 Strstrord 439 Streatfield 290. Strickland 53] Stnart 93, 149, 244 Stump 243 Styles 14* Sweden 489 Swinhow 148 Syer 93 T. TALBOT, 14* Tantum 93 Tarn 534 Taylor 45» 91 Tempeft 5J3 Terril 5 if Thackeray 149 Th*net 5*9 Theobalds 14! Toicknofs 91 Thomas 45, 43* Thomfon 149 Thty^o, 45 Tobw A

Page 667

Tola* Tonkin Toinlinfoa Torpichsn Tcrr-jno Tothili Townley Townihend Trapaiid Trchearn Tftrot Idff Turner TvreefLJe Tuiidcn Tyrjwley Ty (on V. 244 Veon 439 Venncr 389 Vernoa 534 „r 93 Vefmen 339 Viftor 439 Villieft 293 Voyct 244 UVmftoa «49 W. 580 534 14*, I9$» 34*> 514 196 43 579 340 5S1 *9*» ^ WwX 93* I4«» 4*5 «, - 19% Waldegrart " 93 Wallace 514 Wallit 389 Walooie Walfli x;- A ILL ANT 3*9 Wannop V Van 14I WarbortoA 341 Ward 243 Wardl« 439 Wariag 43; Vanbrogh V^nc Vaughaa »49» 341 *9* 3*0 34i 389 533 3S8 »9* 5S0 580 *9* 0 «k Books. 1753. Warner 3ft- William* 93. ?dy and Sosl ■ Peter 6* 198 M7 iaid. i 4t H3 *47 4»7 t ibid. M7 5J5 s«8 Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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753- fay's ReBgjo Phflofophi solloway's Letter and Spirit lu man Reafon •irtiiTt Remarks Lennicott's Hebrew Teat Ch g of Terror! ^iikby on the Trinity C.ow lea's Aafwer to the Eflay ofl INDEX/^/feBooKi Gardner's Bpiftles of Clement — Gofpel Hiftory »eland»afainft Bolingbroke .-tter to a Dent Fothergili «etharpe on the Arable Ihuckford on the Creation itebbing's Inftru&ione >tinitra*s Letter rhcophilui to Gaiai rhfoughts on Self- Love, *c. Three Spirits in Man Vindication of the Trinity Wattt's Works Vh alleyS Evidence of the Gtipel tVhkhcotc'a Aphotifras White's Enghfhman guided £47 ibid. 487 % too »7* Spit it 198 *47 4*, 4*7 4* 4* *9S *9* 4*7 »95 *95 295 343 487 ib.d. 19S 5*3 »95 *47 . *47 34$ '$ 39? ns 4» *95 19I Sntbrtaimmiht *aaf PotTarr A CC0MPLIS1TD Woman f\ Alfred Arnold's Songs leautiea of the Spectator, ft* lw% field's Travels load-cia sVctbera frowne's Travels hitler's Worka tarnation Jlive's Rehearfal :oll€ftioo of lefts ■ Poll ?onremphtioii 2rccfus )c Animi immottaBtate Deformity, an Efiay 3i£tbnaiy of Love MOcrtation 00 Italian Poetry >obfon pjradifua AmUTus J»ayton\ Works 3uty of Woman UrlofKiTeft fvltf 1 co Otmu* 535 «9f 39* 9* 48 5*3 199 4* 487 *47 *99 9* ibid, M7 »47 5*3 5*3 *47 343 H9 «99 »9> Eloge d'Edinbourg Epiftle to Dr. Young Eflay on Deifai ■ - ■■— Ridicule — — — Tormenting Evening Contemplation^ Fatal Extravagance Female Rambler Oamefter Grey's Poems Halifax's Letters Hill's Roman Revenge ——Worka Hiftory of Sir Charles Grandifen - ■ ■ ■■■ ■ the Jubilee ■ a Pilgrim — — Pcrfiui aod Demetrius 1 ■ — Fanny Seymour — - SophU Shikefpear '■ Lucy Wetiers Huxours of Whift Jews Naturalised Kentifh Election KiogYPoeme Knapp's Pfalmt Lap Dog Letter to Mils Noffitef Letters from Julia London Spy Love Epiftle Loves of Hero and Leaader Lovers Manual. Louth Sacra Poefi Heb. Memoirs of Count Fathom ■ ■■ Grammont —a— Sir Charles GoodviUe ■ —Madam Montefpan Merit Ode ro an unpopular Man m ■• ■ on Benevolence Odea Paoegyrick on the tfitt Pasquinade Paradife Regained Perlette's Letters Pitt's Virgil Poet Precepts Publick Virtue Reflections on Bbadkst Religion Satyr of Juvenal Scorch and Engliih Poeme — Marine School of Wcrtnan Seymour oo Education Shakelpear UluftrateA Silk Worm Smart's Hiiliad Smartiad Song of Deborah Spectacles Stage Coich Story of the Brothers ** 141 »*f H9 343 199 5*3 109 4*7 96 343 *r 5*1 535> 5*3 -rmr- 343 199 199 5U 39* 4*7 3S* 4«7 •47 Hi ?J$ 4*7 *9» *9» 515 '3- 5*1 343 *99 343 *9* •4-7 »99 . . .4*1 J99 5is 341 S»I SJ* ,4I 9f $ 535 »^9 - Stay Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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INDEX to the Books. tttry of tie GameAer 96 Strahaj^s Virgil 343 Swtft*s Ghoft 535 Taftc 343 Temple of Goidoo 343 Travels of Poft Chaife 1 99 Tranflatiosi ^43 Thought 199 Vearge's Poems $8j Vifion J*9 *— of,Mi«*a 5|5 Voltaire's Amelia 48 tjpper Gallery 96 Weft'i Pindar 1 99 Whitehead's Poena 535 Winter Evenings Companion . 4* Wotka of Horace 583 Law, Politic*!, and Tr ad t» ADDRESS to the Freeholders of Oxford 198,487 . ■ ■,—,.!■*■ Freeholders 4S7 Advantage of the Revolution 4* ■ Trade 198 Alcock on the Poor Laws 1 98 Clerk's Affiftaot . 581 Cunbderatiois of the Game Law 198 Court and Country uoited 4? 7 i>ifcourie ou the Poor 343 ttttTertation on LToela 247 inquiry into publick Debti 583 Orcans of Great Britain 1^9,247 Hints of Members ' H7# 4*7 friflory of Dublin Ele&ion 1 98 lioneft Advice to Freeholder* 247 fclorfman's Obfervation* 487 f.if^itutcs Laws of Scotland 198 jtfaxims of the Law 343 ltttiit of Whig and Tory .487 ^arhamenrary Regifter 398 Philips*: Fudamental Lasts ■ 48 Political Teft. Card. Alberoni 515 j* reccedinps at the Od Bailey 487 Ptupofalt tor Free Election 343 J ' ' Mending Roads * 1 9S fcfcfledions en Aria and Commerce 198 — — i.— — — ; Naturalization: 14.7 fcetnarks on the Game Lawi . . 198 ,; . — Tucker V Letter 535 $eriea of Polite ReAecYiona jog Source Ihd Spirit of Laws 247 Spirit of Laws \ 19S Sate of the Corn Tr*ade 199 Thoughts on Naturalization* 343 Trial 0/ John Bar bot ( 391 d Y ... W ^r= Timothy Murphy 24.7 *>> ■ J. Stewart 247 -■-■—> William Smith 487 Trcafon considered 343 Tucker's Letter. 535 Uruverfal Dictionary of Trade ai:d' 6jm- merce 391 »753- MisctttAniocs. A CCOUNT of the French King's Dr> ,/TL mood - of the Irifli -Taoeft* y at Falham -Tranfaeriom in India -of the Vaudou Admonitions to Jew? Advantages of a marriaf Lift Age of Lewis XIV. Alarm to Britannia Appeal to 1 lie Throne Application Sugar Refiners Apology for naturalising fatt Battle of the Fiddles Beaumont's Letters Bentivogho's Letters Bolaine's Letter Bounty on Com Britannia's Precaution B 6wne*s Vindication of the Cjliege of Pa*- ficians Buchanan's Engiiflr Scholar Canning's Story Cafe of A&ley ■ — iTaudy — — — H. Simona* • the Jews Catalogue of Seeds Caufe of the Rife of Sugars Charaaer of J. MuchloW Chriaina's Works 4J Churches deferted 34; Compleat Enghfli Expofitor is) Complaints of the Growers of Wool 56, if? Cbnititotion* of the College of fhj&aut Considerations nat. Jews • oil the Jew ofll Cowper^s Speech C>x*s Appeal foCaon'sfg ., D*ily Journal Deift Triumphant frelcription of St. Paajfia ^ — Weftmia^cr Abtey *•>*" — a Stove- Grate frog's Cafe of Canning Dogs Plea Ergiifh D ftloniry Enquiry late Refignidon Eflay on A£t en Celibacy » ll" ' ■ Homer's Gods' t •— — ~> Sacred Harmony Examination of BoIingbroMe Fallacious Apology • . - - Fielding's Propofals . t C*fe of Gaanicg' . free* a Speech gardy's Intereff ervey's Letters Home* Thruft Hogarth's Analyftj of Buuty UofncfCsfeftated Digitized by VjOOQ IC 41? m ai 4i MJ IP 4* »95 W hi Ml isl flu*

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*7&5- IMDEXft^ Books. f-Joufctoon'i Workt Hurricane Howard's Letters Uyparia Jew's Advocate Xnfpe£©r JC. .of Pruflia's Motive* Kennedy's Examination tetter from a Clergyman -■ ■ lord Gage ■ of Confolatmo - — . on the J:w Bill . keeping Chriftmai Letter on Marriages ■ numbering the1 People ■ to L>rd tfarcourt • a young Gentleman Lettera from feveral Parti of Europe Lift of IriA Members booking tjiafi for Jews -Mehnoth's Tolly Meditation on Turnpike* Memorial of the E— 1 of fe '■ ■ € IW iicellateous Thoughts * .M odeft Defence of Gaming Moore's Intereft lNclion on Education Newcaftle's Letter Obfervations on the Cjaflicks ■ Debentures »■ the Engliih Language" ■*•■■ ■ ■■■ — Herculaneum 5*3 391 199 343 487 198 343 4*7 »47 4*7 5*3 34$ 4* *47 j 99 4*7 *4? 5*1 487 4* 5«3 5*3 343 9$ 343 «47 »47 29 S 19* 343 ibid. 4*7 4*7 39i 4*7/ 4* 39* Oxford Conteft PerfuaGve to the Jewi Pet win on Studying Hiftory Pieces in Defence of the Jewi * againfl the Jews Pocket Companion for Oxford Poulter'a Discoveries ** Prejudice detected t^reibytcrianifm difplayed Proposals for the Amendment of Servants 4* *!■!■" ■■ «■ Eftabliihmen: of CHriftia- nity «9S TheQueftion ' 53 5 Ratiooaiity of Brute! 48 Rejection of r;he Jews 391 Reaions againft the Growth of Jodafm 29; Remarks on Avifon 48 *— *— — Bolingbroke 343 ■ 1 Marriage* a 9 5 *— — — Mmutc Philosopher 343 ■*■ a Speesh in Gammon- Council *95 _— Tillotfon's Life 487 Review of Canning's Ci ■ ■ ■ Diatriba Wallace's Number of Mankind » Warner's Scheme Watkini on, Foreft Tree* Wh.tefTelo'i Letter Woman's Companion Youth's' Companion *■ ■" »■ Monitor Physic* and SctKNtJi A A I ft on on qui k Lime Baiter on the Microfcope Bartlet's Farrier Bond on the Night- Mare Brookei's Difpenfatory Burford on Tumours Burton's Letter Charleton on Bath Waters Clarke's medical DfiTeitation Colburne'i Difpenfatory Defence Letter to Di. Lobb DilTertation upon Sugar cf Lead EHicott on irregular Motion Eila/onDlfeata * Fletcher's Me«furer Gorney'i Short-Hand Haller'sPhynM.-gy H«rd on PeQilential Difeafe* Huffman on AiTes Milk Hutchinfon's Works Iogram*s Anatomy Kennedy on Motion L'nd on the S urvy Mathematical Repofitary New Diipenlatory Nugent on the Hydrophobia Peocpfiioa Magnetifm Phiiofoph.cal Tnnfaftipns Potter's Mathematicks Price's Obfervaiiona Ruins of Palmyra RutTel on Sea Water Ruflia Put Aft Shaw's Edioburgh Difpenfatory Solan's Art. Pulfum Speakrnan's Gauging Stafford on Cyder- making Supplement to Chambers Templemaa's Remarks 4 *• 39* 96 10$ ibid. a95 *47 3+3 199 48 398 96 ibid, 199 48 4* *47 ib d^ 96 9* 39* 96 295 ' 4» 48 5*3 *9S 39* 491 5** 198 96 343 *95 487 395 39 * 9* 5*3 343 5*3 »9$ ibid* *9$ 535 39* *9S 343 *9S 4*. *95 59» 487 535 343 39C *95 ibid. 9* 4*7 4*7 Toman* Digitized by VjOOQ LC

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INDEX T>rr :a«© n« a fore Threat 58 ^ Vernef s Dialogue! 33 > Un.vcrfal Merchant 4« — — - — Pocket- Book 535 Young an Opium *95 /« A&* Books. «75J. AS HTO N before the Sons of the Clergy Ay 100 ugh at a Visitation 391. Blarkburne at a Vitiiation 48 BJackett before the Common* en the 30th of January 06 Bulk'ey on Fofter*s Death " 583 B-inoughi, at an Ordination 391 Buder on Kenrtrk*! Death 391 Chefter, Bifliop of, before the Lards on the 30'h of January 96 Chandler 00 the Knowledge of ChrUUanity Cobden before the King 391 Cockayne before the Lord Mayer - 535 Cowper on Rafter Tuefday 391 Divid'sSia 391 Delafaye again ft Inoculation 535 tXichaPt Sermons 48 El worthy at a Vifitttion 535 Falie Accofert '199 J flier's Affix? Sermcn 53 j Fleming oa Fofter's Death 583 Font at an Ordination 583 Jothergttton the 30th of January 199 ^ty— — *» Affile Sermon 391 Free before AntigaUicana 391 —on the 30th of January 19a Gill's Sermon £t laft( Oloucefter, Bilhop of, on the 19^ af May 19' Hervey on the Crofi of Christ wk?. Howard before the Cornmoas on the sgth >a May l6,, Jenner at a Confiscation ofi Keddingtm at a Vifitation 39» UandarT, Bi&op of, befw* the$x*iyta the Propagation of the GoJpeJ Lloyd's Sermon Markham at a Oaoieeratioa Merrick at St. Anne't MoreU at St. Brae's NeIfon*s Sermons Parry%s Chriftian Sabbath Peckard in Defence of the Jews Pike in Crifptn Street Regit** Parallel Ridley at Thetford Affixes Rife of Christianity* Salmon's two Sennona Sermon on old Chriftmas Day the 19th of May Stennett at Bratcon S'euart's Sennona Walker at Wukefie?* Wallin on Thorowgood Waugh at Worcester Way ana n on Browne Wi/hart's Difoourfea ife£ 5«! >9! ikd 39 I* 53! 19 ibid 39 19 4 9 39 5? 39 1 34 i« a Ht End if You XXII Digitized by VjOOQIC

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IJ I 3"^*|0gji II This book should be returned the Library on or before the last dat stamped below. A fine of five oents a day is inc by retaining it beyond the speeifle time. Please return promptly. j WiCFKiF^ 1 *>+> - *w rt -JW^WJjflai fll&2i'55K jir • •. Digitized by VjOOQ IC

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