Aviation Week 1928-04-16

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The Oldest American Aeronautical Magazine ie we VOLUME Z xxiv All_American Aircraft Show Number AVIATION PUBLISHING CORPORATION 250 WEST 37 STREET. NEW YORS . ¥. Emrered Becons-Cinss Matter. Rov. Sa, a ander Act of March %. 1579. Publication Office, Highland, B. [020, at the Post Office, a Highland. k Gee %

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‘930 AVIATION April 16, 1928 4,,,.) 16, 1928 AVIATION 931 Thirteen Years of Pioneering in Aircraft Motor Development PACKARD — 1915-1928 FAIRCHILD AERIAL CAMERA COR- PORATION, pioneers and largest manwe focturers of aerial eameras. GS ponrernaaneneennrenes: T. FAIRCHILD AVIATION COR- PORATION was formed for the purpose of Model 3A 1500 Direct Inverted Model 3A 1500 Geared Develops G00 B.H.P. at 2300 R.P-M., ra-cylinder, ‘Vitype. displacemem 500 cubic inches, Develops 600 BHP. at 2500 RLP-M., displace: organizing, financing and managing a group of subsidiaries in both the manufacturing “Fanciio FLYING CORPORATION. : ators of erplenes for photograph ond and operating fields of aeronautics. is ‘ecrial tat work. MASTER Motor Builders for almost thirty years — pioneers in aircraft motor development for thirteen years, Packard's leadership in powerplant engi- neering is unchallenged. The newly improved Packard Aviation Engines rep- resent the most modern achievement in water-cooled motors. All have been de- but at the same time profiting from the veloped recently and embody the latest advances in engineering science and me- chanical efficiency. Today there are eight subsidiaries, each a distinct and complete organization in itself, | centralized management and guidance of | : i j ze rh | the parent company and the friendly co- Complete information on Packard Aviation Engines will be mailed upon request. | | e , idiari L | operation from all of the other subsidiaries. Model 3A 2500 r; Im Ganeda: FAIRCHILD AVIATION, Le - Direct . 24-Cylinder X- TaON, mecaeanens of edemel ee af ‘ Fairchild “et srecring for large timber intr Develops #00, BLP. at 2000 RPM. displacement : lindas X-tyee sfecnren opodcenettvo=eS For nearly eight years the name Fai wrina J te 2soo cuble inches." "The most powerfl “siveralt wend’ oS Re we ses vith the utmost i i ri," - ae es = has been synonymous with the utmost in Gee seruchh Sed veovea) Sith two to ane reduc Pd iarger designed and S only accuracy and reliability of aerial prod- ucts. It is, therefore, only natural that the Fairchild Aviation Corporation will endeavor to maintain its enviable position of leader- ship in the field of quality aviation products. F (IRCHILD AIRPLANE MFG. CORPOR: 1: COMPANIA M DE Farncmmo ampLane ure. conrors FAIRCHILD AVIATION CORPORATION © Seewcomrsms memes 05 setpiene aod etel fom 270 West 38th Street = = New York. janengerandenpostvanpor/ponTanyo AVIATION ENGINES | “ALR CH TED AS K THE MAN WHO OWNS ONE

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932 AVIATION April 16, 1928 Fairchild Cabin Plane (Wasp) as used by the Canadian Transcontinental Airways Reserve Power RESERVE POWER in all aircraft is of great importance, and a necessity in commercial aviation. It provides a greater factor of safety, increased dependa- bility, and longer life. An important step in American commercial aviation of 1928 will be recognition of the factor of RESERVE POWER. “WASP” engines in the Fairchild monoplanes of the Canadian Transcontinental Airways provide the neces- sary RESERVE POWER. Quick take-off, with the combination skis and pontoons with which this ship is equipped, is vitally essential in the transportation of the Air Mail from the mouth of the St. Lawrence River to Quebec. PRATT & WHITNEY AIRCRAFT CO. HARTFORD CONNECTICUT DEPENDABLE ENGINES oss AVIATION 4 vril 16, 1928 Red Arrow Monoplanes ——— MANUFACTURED BY THE SIMPLEX AIRCRAFT CORPORATION, DEFIANCE, 0, 2 PLACE OPEN 2 PLACE CLOSED 3 PLACE CLOSED Speed—Cruising 110 MP.H—Top 120 MP.H—Landing 38 M.P,H.—Cruising Radius 1200 Miles, Power—Kinner 100 HLP, 5 Cylinder Radial Aircooled Motor—Others at Adjusted Price, Wing Spread 33' 4'—Length 20'— Seating Side by Side—Control Dual, Very Desirable Sales Territory Open.

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934 AVIATION WACO - TEN RYAN SIEMENS What WACO Shows ... others will eventually offer WHEN A pRopucT leaps into prominence, through unusual performance, and continues growing in favor month after month, year after year, it surely must offer unique qualities and values. The air-minded, are recognizing more and more how WACO engineering and production methods are constantly leading the way. How refinements and improvements are first given the public, as standard equipment on WACO planes. Approve WACO was first to offer — complete production type certificates planes at moderate prices — all steel fuselages — Numbers 11 — 13 — 26 center sections — enclosed cowls — dual controls side door and wing step — adjustable stabilizer high top speed. WACO offers CHOICE OF FOUR MOTORS — a wonderful range of per- formance — a price field to satisfy every one. See them at the All-American Aircraft Show — Detroit, April 14th., dependable than ever. TROY OHIO April 16, 1928 Since he left San Diego last May, Col. Lindbergh has flown more than 42,000 miles in the “Spirit of St. Louis.” For all this flying, Col. Lindbergh has used the same engine and the same lubri- cating oil—Mobiloil. The Mobiloil used by Lindbergh is not a special oil. It is Mobiloil “B”, the choice of most careful aviators. LINDBERGH’S 42,295 miles —with Mobiloil From San Diego to New York . 2,500 miles From New York to Paris . . 3,625 miles She Flights in U. S. A. including quick take off — fast climb — slow landing speed — Hea, Waser te Moree: Now WACO pioneers, with the quantity production of airplanes utilizing new type motors. WACO en- gineers have developed the super structure of the WACO TEN to take full advantage of Whiriwind — Ryan-Siemens — Caminez and OXS motors. This wonderful plane — the acknowledged leader in its class — now gives more performance and is more WACO ADVANCE AIRCRAFT COMPANY oe April 16, 1928 AVIATION Lindbergh completes 42,000 miles of flying— with Mobiloil “x” flights in Europe. . : 430 miles tour of every State in Union . 26,350 miles n Washington to Mexico, Indies—and back to St. Louis . 9,390 miles plus TOTAL 42,295 miles You can buy Mobiloil at or with- in reasonable distance of every fly- ng field. Youare always sure with ‘he World’s Quality Oil Mobiloil ~~ VACUUM OIL COMPANY s WW socora 935 ah SHING?, OO Chart showing route of Col. Lindbergh's recent Pan-American Aighr.

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AVIATION April 16, 1928 Others Interested in Aviation ~~ Our revised and enlarged Aviation Manual will be off the press when this announce- ment appears in print. The last edition of the manual proved so popular that the supply was soon exhausted. This 1928 edition contains much new and valuable material. Besides information rel- ative to types of aero motors, and the char- acteristics that distinguish good aero gaso- line and oil, it gives the names of 1,800 towns and cities where this company has painted the roofs of its warehouses with the names of the respective communities; also a list of the Airports and Landing Fields through- out the Middle West. The enlarged Manual should be in the hands of every aviator and mechanic flying in the Middle West or traversing this part of the country on trans-continental flights. A copy will be sent free upon request. Use the coupon. STANDARD OIL COMPANY (indiana) 910 South Michigan Avenue Chicago, Illinois STAN 910 South Michigan Avenue, Chicag Please send me 2 copy of your revised Aviation Manual. Stanolind Aviation Gasoline and Stanolind Aero Oil may be had at all warehouses, airports and landing fields listed in the Man- ual. The Standard Oil Company of Nebraska and the Standard Oil Company of Ohio have stocked Stanolind Aero Oil, and are pre- pared to serve planes in the states of Nebraska and Ohio, respect- ively. Ap 1 16, 1928 AVIATION 937 VER a period of twelve years, Eclipse has specialized in the design and production of Aviation Engine Starters -+ This experience is reflected today in a complete line of starters and generators, built to fit almost every type of engine, and to meet all operating conditions + Write for full information, specifying the engine on which you are in- a ter. Vertical type, ada PTO eee Lede celone Up 6 2580 cubic taches terested in installing a starter + Eclipse Secies 7 Hand Inertia Scarfor. Vertical type, adapeed Eclipse Direct Cranking Com- Bination Hand ‘and Electric Skarter, adapted ‘for applica Son oa ‘engines up to 2000 cubic inches: eal Eclipse Aviation Generator 15 Volt, 13 Ampere capacicy ECLIPSE MACHINE COMPANY EAST ORANGE PLANT Elmirs, New York East Orange, New Jersey Walkerville, Ontario ‘gulated, Eouine CLIPS, AVIATION ENGINE STARTERS AND GENERATORS for radial engines So'catic inches

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938 AC sPARK PLUGS AC GASOLINE STRAINERS AC OIL FILTERS AVIATION said “We” he included AC “THROUGH his magniticene fights over Mex- ico, Central America, and the West Indies, Col. Lindbergh continued his great work as good will ambassador of the United States. ‘And once again the world wonders at she r00- percent success of Lindbergh performance. Skill, courage, vision, indomitable will — all these are Lindbergh's. Yet he was first to acknowledge the part played by his equip- ment and to single out for special mention AC Spark Plugs. ‘And so with Chamberlin, Byrd, Acosta, Maitland, Hegen- berger, Stinson, Myers, Schlee and Brock, All these great flyers are users of AC Spark Plugs. In developing spark plugs with sufficient stamina to with- stand the test of the longest endurance flights, AC has made available to all flyers plugs of known quality. There is a type and size for every engine. The letters AC ideneify these plugs, proved by every test standard of the world. AC-SPHINX ACSPHINX AC Spark Plug Company TITAN, ENGLAND Fi Ac. LINT, Michigan 1g AC FUEL PUMPS AC OIL GAUGES April 16, 1928 (© 128, AC Soak Ping Cor? AC AMMETE'§ AC THERMO GAUGES Ay il 16, 1928 A&A (C&O Nee DR AVIATION dee Bis E.On IN 939 to Aeronautica Lei ence FLicH T... man’s realization . . . the Wright brothers pushed out of their bicycle shop the first heavier than air machine. It flew. Flight . . . man’s pursuit . . . hazardous . . . discour- aging . the clumsy floun- High volatility without gas lock, complete com bustion and complete burning even at low tem peratures, does not freeze at high altitudes and WEIGHS 46 POUNDS PER 100 GALLONS LESS THAN U. S. DOMES- derings of the fledgling . . . now up, now down, strug- gling and striving for power, for safety . . . speed . . .endur- ance. Then! War birds . . . dash ing daring sacrifice . . . not in vain, but for the advance of science . . . the triumph of aviation. Came peace . . . pinions of progress . . . oceans spanned . worlds united. Now! The era of flying with altimeters, speed indicators, direction finders . . . what next? .. . Fuel . . . the occult power that makes it all possible. Flying has reached the efficiency, the economy stage. I: has taken unto itself a valuable auxiliary in Naturaline, the super fuel embodying the impor- toat and obvious advantages of quick starting, jest pick up, increased revolutions per minute (som 50 to 125) greater speed 20 to 25% more er. CHESTNUT & Cc RP O RA 6 SMITH CHES TMUT TIC AVIATION FUEL. This characteristic alone gives to the user of Naturaline the great advantages of increased efficiency, more pay-load, less strain, longer flight, an im- portant factor when the mar- gin of profit in commercial flying is squeezed down in the wine press of intense comper tition ... aneven more important factor now when commercial air ways are being subsidized to get them on a paying basis. ‘Naturaline was evolved and perfected in our labor- atories, tested and tried through scientific and ex- haustive research, then proven . . . proven in the motors of planes, piloted by men qualified to judge . . . proven in thousands of miles of actual flying . . . a deserving contribution to the 2d vance of Aeronautical science, a deserving auxil iary that keeps the plane aloft with greater power to lift, power to carry, power to endure, with power and affinity to climb higher and SMITH T I, O° NN BUILOING ula S) hla,

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AVIATION April 16, 1928 April 16, 1928 AVIATION 941 / eo. . axl Wana fuel with Phillips —A stable 100% natural gasoline made especially for Aviation use by the world's largest manufacturer of natural gasoline. Used exclusively by the Boeing Air Transport Company tocarry passengersand U.S. Air Mail over the roughest section of the trans-continental air mail route. The fuel which carried the victorious Woolaroc in its flight to Honolulu. Now available at Chi fo. Iowa City. Des Moines, Omaha, North Platte, Cheyenne. Rock Springs. Salt Lake, Wichita, Bartlesville and Amarillo Air Ports. Ce FUEL ECONOMY IS DUE’ TO GOOD DISTRIBUTION, seo ee onpe Consolidated Gireraft Co r Buffalo, N.Y. l Ips {fad ‘4s Phillips Petroleum Co Aviation Bartlesville, Oklahoma WORLD'S LARGEST MANUFACTURER OF NATURAL GASOLINE

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942 AVIATION April 16, 1928 See the New B.B.T. Landing Floodlight at the Aircraft Show i, ril 16, 1928 AVIATION 943 Illumination from the New B.B.T. Intermediate Air Mail Type Landing Floodlight The Ideal Floodlight for the Medium Size Wax free Field or for Preliminary Installations gives a tougher, heat-resisting All the advantages of the single light source are provided in this unit con- structed on the same principle and incorporating many of the features of our large Air Mail Floodlight. The 180 degree angle of illumination from this type H-8-D light permits the use of the maximum landing area. The objections to the multiple unit system— expensive cost of installation and glare in the eyes of the pilot in passing from one light to another— have been effectively overcome. This new unit using a 5 KW incan- descent lamp is the most economical airport landing floodlight. Let us tell you more about this floodlight and send you our complete catalog—“Airport Lighting” MOTOR eL-bal Tel body [summer protection | More interesting than its rigid specifications is the per- formance record of A-M-L-O. “After twenty hours of high speed running in a Curtiss OX-5 motor A-M-L-O was drained and tested. The body was still good, and dilution was hard to notice . . . the oil was too good to throw away. *Name and full details on request. 7 ‘Texas Pacifiie Coal & Oil Co. Fort Worth, Texas qe without obligsticn your Ban Tog Dona descrived shove, and EPs sch ns

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944 AVIATION The Choice Gf of Experienced Aviators April 16, 1923

matic Rubber Cushions, Patented SUPER-PROTECTOR Ratti’s World Patents GOGGLES BEST $7.50 Postpaid if Remittance is sent with order.

i PRR PY Tees te ‘a Seoedenering the ouele tnd preveots oan 5 Light in Weight

wear Protector goggles for many hours ore, Saly espa een of ened proector SUSE 9 your face

Bridge Lock Patented

‘ontinuous Wide Head Band ves comfort Aluminum Case IF YOU WEAR PRESCRIPTION GLASSES “BIFOCUS PROTECTOR” WILL SOLVE YOUR PROBLEM AIR TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT, INC. Carle Place, Nassau Co., N.Y. We want a representative on every flying field. Please write for our very attractive sales proposition.

AVIATION April 16, 1928

TAGLEROCK with RYAN-SIEMENS 9 cylinder, 120 hip. motor Note: Figures bosed on motor manufeturere rating landing Spd «+--+ + 34 mph. Service Celng, full oud «14,080 High Speed 128 mph Peel Consunpi nb ful fed» +» 890 th po min, Giding Ang + Coling, fll ud ++ ++ 26800 th Power Loudg «+» + 18,88 Iba fp, Required High Incidence Load (or Safty) Factor « » «6.7 Actual High Incidence Loud (or Safely) Pacor «+++ 8 PRICE $5320, DENVER FIELD

Denver, Colorado

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946 AVIATION April 16, 1928 ohinounding ® TMNOUNGNS thellew Nero Coupe ~~ an aiyplane that is distinctively different The. €ro-Coupe produced by theAero- Graft Manufacturing Company, Inc., = Detroit, will make its debut at the All- American Aircraft Show. This new product, embodying every modern con- —— ] struction feature of merit has exceeded SPECIFICATIONS its designer’s greatest expectations. The TRONG—POWERFUL—an adventurer into the S great air spaces. Everything you ask for in . air travel—comfort—speed—safety—visil : economy in original cost and performance. > This newcomer marks a step forward—a decided advance in airplane manufacture and construc- ee ar site Aero-Coupe is a two-passenger closed See tion. It is designed to do one thing—to carry Sean ree Wing . . 28 Fe. cabin plane with open cockpit for the your loads swiftly and safely at a minimum of ‘Wing Area - - - 250 Sq. Ft. pilot and is an ideal ship for long dis- Be sts cost. Inspired by the Vikings of old, it pushes bis eet hea Patron | tance taxi service—for mail and express . forward to new conquests, greater achievements - | i f . eight empty Net Weight - - - 1100Lbs. feeder lines or for sight-seeing tours 4 through the air. See the Viking at the All Amer- ‘Goons Welahet >= (2100 Eis. —cruising speed over 100 M. P. H. ican Aircraft Show in Detroit, or if it is impossible ruising Speed - LP. oda 3 passengers and pilot High Speed - ~ 113 SL BH. See this ship at the All-American BERROAMANGE... for you to attend, send for our catalog and book- ruising Radius - 600 Miles | Aircraft Show, Detroit, April 14th to 105 : “ ° Length Overall - - - 24Ft. | 21st, or write for detailed information 37 let; “Pay: Load Profits Height - - - - 8 Ft. 6 inches jon 10 gal. per hr. full thi = as e . ivqsperb. WIKING AITRCRAFT COMPANY 745 South Clark Street, Chicago V VIKING// & SS *_ S=""| Azno-craFT AERO-CRAFT MANUFACTURING COMPANY, INCORPORATED 1489 East Fort Street, Detroit, Michigan

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earn 0 Imagine yourself in this plane over the crowded city—below the fields a huge checkerboard stretch like rivers are silver of thrill and excitement profit—a life that can well be yours. Aviation is the world’s coming indus try—one that offer more opportunity now to the man ready to seize this opportunity than any other. Learn to fly now with us in Chicago, America’s center of aviation, at the field in the Middle West, where daily the air liners from all over the country bring their cargoes of pas sengers, express and mail. Our course includes everythin need know about _ flyin Chicago Aviation Company 737-745 S. Clark St., Tl No At This Airport town factory and you learn to fly at Chicago’s Municipal Airport UNLIMITED FLYING TIME 9 Aviation Company was in removing the bond for ge. Now the unlimited flying time means tee to you that you will learn how to ure of guaran: fly. Only volume business makes this ble. Before you pick your school gate our “Unlimited Chicago, Ill. NAMEW Big Free Book “How to Fly” Chief Pilot ing without We will be to you upon requ Just tear off the coupon, sign it and end it in today to make sure of secur ing your copy promeceeneeneeenenena nanan Chicago Aviation Company ADDRESS. = Town. big book we are to those inter lad to mail a copy I am interested in Aviation. Please send me 2 copy ot your Free Book “How to Fly. STATE - AVIATION 949 Leaders m Aviation use PROGRESSIVE AIRCRAFT Fl On the Wings of Progress/ BERRY, BROTH ERS Varnishes Enamels and Lacquers Detroit, Mickigan therville, Member Aero- mautics! Cham- ber of Commerce Manufacturer of Progressive Aircraft Finishes 1858—70th Anniversary—1928 Meet we at the AU-American Aircraft Show én Detroit, April 14 to 21

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AVIATION Micarta propeller on OXS engine in Waco plane at Bettis Field, Cleveland-Pittsburgh air mail depot, with D. Barr Peat, manager of the field. April 16, 19% ‘April 16, 1928 AVIATION LAMOGLAS NAVIGATOR New Micarta Propeller for the OX5 Aircraft Reflectors ‘Transformers Westinghouse Exhibit Detroit All-American Approach Lights Obstruction Lights Hangar Lights Micarta Propellers Micarta Pulleys Micarta Fairleads ~ Westinghouse Go” Light - Durable - Adjustable Pitch NEW model of Micarta propeller for the Curtiss OXS5 engine has successfully passed rigid tests at Wright Field. This propeller is extremely durable and light in weight. It has an adjustable pitch and is unaffected A by moisture or change in temperature. The long-felt need of a propeller for the OX5 engine, possessing these qualities, has now been met. Send for Special Publication 179] —W estinghouse Contributions to Aviation Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company East Pittsburgh Pennsylvania arieh EYES FOR THE SKIES Companion to the Celebrated “Seesall” MONTH ago Seesall was almost un- known. Today it is the most wan- ted aviation goggle . . . Q.Now Lamoglas has produced the Navigator, a worthy mate of the Seesall, with the added safety feature of non-shatter- able lenses. The Navigator possesses nearly all the unusual features which have s0 quickly popularized the Seesall; only in range of vision does Seesall ‘excel. Snug-fitting, wind-proof, with scientific indirect ventilation, the Lamoglas Navi- gator can be worn for hours without dis- comfort; you may forget to take it off. In the Navigator the lenses are set very close to the face. For this reason this goggle has a wider range of Send for “SEESALL” $15.00 per pair Other Lamoglas gogsles as low as $1.73 vision than any other non-shatterable gog- gle. The famous Lamoglas lenses used in the Navigator assure absolute optical clarity and maximum light penetration. This marvelous goggle, the Lamoglas Navigator, costsonly$8.50a pair-QThere are Lamoglas dealers most everywhere. But if you cannot find one, send us your check for $8.50 and we will send you your Navigator by return mail. If upon receipt you are not fully satisfied with your pur- chase, we shall cheerfully and im- mediately refund your money. The same guarantee applies to the Seesall and the other Lamoglas num- bers shown below. Insist on the genuine, created only by Lamoglas. Wholesale orders west of the Rockies filled from stock by: R. Mokr & Soms, Moker Buiiding, Sam Francisce, Cai. LAMOGLAS 36 Heery Chenille. 95.00 per pair Lameelas 39 (Same at Batti risetheaie Sa.00 per pe m1 Bu i SC 70 EAST 131s¢ ST... NEW YORK we

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952 AVIATION Champion announces 4 new Aviatio © D) seston after two years of exhaustive tests and already accepted by engineers as a far ad- vance in spark plug design and manufactures An achievement and an innovation in design, the new Champion Aviation spark plug has been developed to function per- fectly under the widely varied conditions to which an aviation spark plug is sub- jected. The new Champion Aviation spark plug owes its superior performance and spark plug %f ) World's Altitude and Speed ‘Records Champion’s new Aviation spark plugs help to establish two new world’s records. Altitude — December 21, 1927. Major Renato Donati in Romeo Jupiter-motored plane. Height 38,793 feet. Speed—November 9, 1927. Major Mario de Bernardi in a Macchi Fiat plane broke all land and seaplane records with an official average of 298.7 miles per hour. Maximum speed 313.65 miles per hour. unique design largely to Sillimanite, the finest insulating material known — con- trolled and used exclusively by Champion. You can't know just how sweetly your engine can idle or answer the gun, until you install a full set of these new Champion ‘Aviation spark plugs. ij April 16, 194% April 16, 1928 PRU AEE-RPEETAL TFRE-SSOTOR Most People, Would Like to FLY o HE PRUDDEN has been created for those who want to fly with absolute comfort and safety. Three quiet and vibra- tionless motors insure continuous power over that stretch where engine failure might mean destruction and eliminate the neces- sity of forced landing due to mechanical troubles. All-metal gives definite assurance of full and continuous strength of every structural part from the time it leayes the factory as long as the ship is flown. Unex- celled flying qualities are a joy and com- fort to pilot and passengers. The Prudden all-metal, tri-motor is fire and weather- proof...virtually crash-proof, reliable and economical. $25,000 Flyaway PRUDDEN-SAN DIEGO AIRPLANE COMPANY San Diego ~ + California AVIATION Luxurious upholslering and trim of the highest quality obtainable affords comfort to those who know only the finest, “Catalog on Requests!” Write for Descriptive Folder CHAMPION SparkPlugs eeCeS rl : TOEED Oy OHS Safety, comfort & economy insure patronage & profil

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AVIATION LANSING AIRPORT SELECTS SPERRY ARCS a 1 / f mn | | i) 2 Sperry 3-Purpose Safety Arc Floodlight Units at the Capital City Airport, Lansing, Michigan FTER careful investigation a Sperry Revolving Beacon and two. Sperry 3- Purpose Safety Arc Floodlights were selected by the Municipal Airport at Lansing, Mich. ‘The selection of the Floodlight Units was based on merit in the following order: Efficiency; Low first cost; 3—Purpose uses; Low operating cost. AIRPORT ARC As a floodlight this LOO! werful unit spreads FLOODLIGHT fi'to’ fan of light of 1,000,000 candlepower evenly over the field covering over 50 acres. As the unit swivels it can be trained to any part of the field. May be used in units of one, two or three, all remotely controlled. THE SPERRY GYROSCOPE COMPANY BROOKLYN oni EMERGENCY Within a few seconds BEACON the spread lens may be hinged back to permit the 30,000,000 candlepower beam to be used as a high power Emergency Beacon in hazy or rainy weather. At no additional cost this safety feature may result in the saving of a pilot and plane in adverse weather. CEILING With the spread lens hinged LIGHT back the unit may be locked at a 45° angle forming a powerful 30,000,000 candlepower Ceiling Light —a valuable aid to safety in night flying, and a necessity at every airport. NEW YORK Pca April 16, 198) 4pril 16, 1928 AVIATION ANOTHER MANUFACTURER IN THE AVIATION INDUSTRY THAT USES SKF BEARINGS AS STANDARD EQUIPMENT THE PRATT & WHITNEY AIRCRAFT CO. Priced Bearing in the World is Used AN-MADE “wasps of the air” which must function under adverse conditions without ever a thought of failure! Such de- mands inevitably led to the choice of sts Ball Bearings for the Pratt & Whitney Wasp motors on fighting planes. From 800 to 1900 R. P. M. in four-fifths of a second! That is all it takes for the Wasp motor to accelerate and develop 425 H.P. Passing all Government acceptance tests also puts the stamp of approval on ssf Ball Bearings. The highest priced bearings in the world make no compromise with“‘good enough” where successful operation de- pends on the reliability of me- chanical equipment. You men who plan, build, use or pay for machines of any kind, remem- ber this: Te costs more to replace a that BAUSIF ever produced. BEARINGS ARE THE poor bearing than to buy the best one AND SS" ANTI-FRICTION ORLD. HIGHEST PRICED IN THE We SKF INDUSTRIES, INCORPORATED, 40 East 34th Street, New York, N.Y. ‘Nothing is apt to cost so much as a bearing that cost so little~= Ball Bearings ~ Roller Bearings

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Floco-A-7-R_a 7 Cylinder ir Cooled Engine Transporting passenger pay loads from port to portin perfect comfort and safety on strict, schedule time is standard per- formance for Floco Aviation Engines. Yet, Floco exceeds its own standards releasing, at the pilot’s will, a rush of reserve power that carries the Floco powered ship through eve AVIATIO¥« exclusive features such as compensating rocker arms maintaining a given tappet clearance regardless of motor temper- ature—pressed aluminum cooling fins on cylinder barrels—cam rollers carried in roller arms relieving tappets of all side thrust—push rod housings and other April 16, 19% April 16, 1928 Developing 150 H. P. at Nominal—1800-R. P. M. The Vought “Corsair” adopts BENDIX Wheels and Brakes This remarkable high-performance 2-seater, standard-equipped with Bendix Wheels and Brakes, has been recently chosen by the United States Naval Air Service as its stand- ard convertible type observation—fighting airplane. The greatly increased controllability made possible by Bendix-Laddon Wheels and Ben- dix 2-Shoe Servo Brakes has won instant ap- proval from leading aviation engineers; based on these outstanding advantages— y condition accessories placed on the rear side of perfect streamline high efficiency peculiar to aviation. the motor reducing wind resistance unusual strength light weight Produced at a surprisingly modest to the minimum. Floco engineers precision-workmanship water-tightness cost, Floco is arevelation in quality have selected only the best, approved motor construction. Engineered along the most conservative, approved lines, yet em- bodying modern motor refinements, Floco presents many COMPLETE SPECIFICATIONS AND PRIC accessories for this power plant. Builders of commercial . planes will find in Floco a motor exceeding ) their most rigid specificatioris. “ES ON REQUEST Now in production in all standard sizes BENDIX BRAKE COMPANY General Office and Plant: South Bend, Indiana Division of Bendix Corporation, Chicago AVIATION Approved by ADVANCE AIRCRAFT BOEING AIRPLANE COMPANY CHANCE-VOUGHT CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED AIRCRAFT CORP. CURTISS AIRPLANE & MOTOR CO. ‘THE DOUGLAS COMPANY FAIRCHILD AIRPLANE MFG. CORP. GLENN L. MARTIN COMPANY TRAVEL AIR MANUFACTURING CO. UNITED STATES ARMY AIR CORPS. (Fully protected by patents and applications in U.S. and abroad) 957 BENDIX @ BRAKES FOR SAFETY Los Angeles, California a £ FRANK L. ODENBREIT, INC. 138 West Seventeenth Street ~---

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Jest SRB Ball Bearing Number 213, that’s all; right out of regular stock; nothing “hand-picked” about it—built like thousands of other SRB Bearings yet it had been given the hardest known durability test when we decided to ex- amine it. After it had served 1569 grueling hours on a Pacific Air Transport Plane SRB Engincers took it off for inspection and found it in perfect condition. It ran as smoothly and quietly as a new bearing... STANDARD STEEL AND BEARINGS Plainville AVIATION it was as tight as one that had never seen service. All that after 1569 hours absorb- ing the terrific propeller thrust of a Wright Whirlwind Engine. It’s going back into thesame place for further service. Such is the performance of SRB Ball Bearings in aircraft engines—which is why you find them in Wright, Curtiss, Pratt & Whitney and other engines. Our slogan is again confirmed— irctl USE SRB BALL BEARINGS-#1 aes theyll last L— INCORPORATED Connecticut AVIATION nthe Spotlight As far in advance as a 1928 ‘‘Straight-8” over a bicycle. —entirely new structural design, from prop to rudder, —speed far in excess, per motor any other cabin ship, horse-power, of —take off in less than 75 feet, climb to 1,000 feet in 26 seconds, CESSNA CANTILEVER CABIN MONOPLANES are truly ‘‘In The Spotlight. Motor for motor, they'll out-climb, out-perform, out-fly any cabin plane yet developed. They'll also OUT-SELL, in the hands of a progressive dealer. They offer an unequalled sales opportunity for the right dealer. : If you think you are the man. Cessna Aircraft Company Wichita, Kansas. wire us quick for full de- tails of our dealer plan. Open tercitories are fast being taken up— don't delay.

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AVIATION 961. April 16, 1928 960 AVLAYION April 16, 199 RYAN SIEMENS ENGINES ARE BALL AND ROLLER BEARING THROUGHOUT Ryan Siemens 5-Million Mile Motor is Now on Display at the Detroit Show IVE million miles is a tremendous distance, it represents two hundred complete journeys around the earth at the equator. Yet five million miles is the distance that has been flown by the Ryan Siemens aviation motors under strictly work-a-day world conditions. This achievement does not include thousands of miles flown in tests and experiment. These five million miles repre- sent the performance of the motors over twelve commercial air lines in Europe. While piling up this stupendous mileage the salient features of the Ryan Siemens motor were proven. Its” builders knew, but the world was skeptical, now the world knows what Ryan Siemens performance means. Its steady, sure power, its dependability and economy are now facts. It is a remarkable fact that many of these won- derful engines fly 400 hours withouta valve grind. They are asked to keep swift schedules between the capitals of Europe, often under the most adverse conditions. Now Ryan Siemens dependability is taken for granted. The proof is positive, the problem solved, success, safety, and endur- ance assured. For detailed imfor- mation address, RYAN AERONAUTICAL CORPORATION San Diego, California APPROVED BY UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT FOR ALL AIR MAIL LINES Commerce follows the pioneer To THE vast majority the air was unknown territory until last year. Difficult, spectacular flights— —some brilliantly successful, some gloriously unsuccessful — pointed the eyes of the man in the street to the sky-ways. He saw great distances covered at incredible speed. He began to know the pos- sibilities of this new form of trans- Portation. And to know them is to desire them. Inevitably commerce follows. 1928 will provide more mail, more merchandise, more passengers for air transport than éver were available to commercial aviation before. Probably more than present lines and facilities can handle. The need is for more commer- cial lines and for judicious ex- pansion and extension of those now in operation. Greater loads must be carried, greater distances covered, greater reliability and safety must be provided. The Ford tri-motored, all-metal transport monoplane meets all these needs of commercial avia- tion. It carries a dozen passen- gers or a ton and a half of mer- chandise at a speed of a hundred miles an hour for five hours. Three engines lift it quickly into the air, and keep it there. Metal construc- tion gives rugged strength, re- moves the fire menace and lowers maintenance costs. To men engaged in or contem- plating the operation of transport lines we will be glad to give the fullest co-operation. Any infor- mation we have gathered through our various activities in aviation will be made available at their request. Write direct to Tue Stour Merar AirpLane Co. Division of t FORD MOTOR COMPANY Dearborn, Michigan

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962 AVIATION | f Hinto World-Famous Trans-Atlantic Pilot Train You for a Brilliant Future ‘The fact that you're looking through this magazine April 16, 19% eat, big, new, booming, bustling, ‘rushing industry— AVIATION. And the f that you're looking at iP 38¢_5s almost proof that Hinton’s proposition You know Hinton, of course—of his history-mal ing hop across the ‘Atlantic in the NC-4; of his pio- neering Aight from North to South America; of his amazing expedition to the wilds of the Upper Am: zon. But possibly you don’t know that in addition to being one of the outstanding fliers of the a; is also widely recognized as one of Aviation’s g est teachers—as a highly accomplished trainer of During the War, Hinton became one of the fying instructors—and since Commercial Aviation ito its own, he has forged to the front once agai as the coach and co-worker of those who want to “get in to the gam Learn Where You Are: No need to pass up the opportunity of a lifetime just because you haven't the time or money for several weeks of months at 2 school. No need to close your eyes to the great money-making possibilities of this most fascinating of all industri because you're tied down to a job. For the impo: al, basic 40 other HighlyPaid Positions ‘ant, facts that form the foundation for real success a branch of Aviation—whether you propose to climb the skies or keep both feet right on the ground—Hinton can give you quickly, thoroughly, and inexpensively-— right at home. ‘0 mae 10 to 40 Fine Jobs on the Ground Hinton Will Teach You All About: - ; Seas ween to One inthe Air | Bt tana nmr oat ai War memry pce, ace sect be wen 80 fore ae 708 bow to ea Aviation Bre tea te teach Pe ay a Aig Bled ‘eooeer na wih bundreds of” pieture, charts and dingraney be. aiver a oe Settee ta deena Be ghee S i atane ames sari gaa dea rca? cane Sie of ake, Rankermore, =e Fo get started right in Aviation—to grow with Aviation— bag ke Eee aT a Se Sere bees Watrsx Hnvron, President, Aviation Institute of U.S.A., 1115 Connecticut Avenue, Washington, D. C. Send me a copy of your FREE book, “Rich T ' | | : = acy ° ; | ee use ‘ant or tas beast Gopoans. Sto anode ‘coupon's handy—the book is youre aren oe sais baw you give H =e Name | H S48 res Age. Aviation Institute of U.S.A. ee Z 1 Walter Hinton, President City. State. i 1115 Connecticut Avenue Washington, D.C. L__. ] April 16, 1928 AVIATION KKK O>>99° THE NEW SERIES AN / ANI RADIAL AIR COOLED ENGINE Especially adapted to American commercial use EE the new Anzani in these airplanes: Mohawk Pioto Cessna Driggs Dart’- Wallace At the ALL-AMERICAN AIR. ‘CRAFT SHOW at Detroit, April 1410 21 filter and returns it to the distributing Pees and operators will recog- ‘ system. e the value of these new special features of all the 1928 model Anzani Engines— Double Ignition Two separate high tension magnetos, each serving all cylinders—two spark plugs per cylinder. Magnetos are the highest type of moder design and located'in s well protected but easily accessible position at the rear of the crankease. Uses mineral oil The lubricating system of the new series Anzani is especially adapted to use mineral oil—* Mobile B” recommended. This means that proper oil may be obtained easily anywhere in the United States as well as in most foreign countries. Due to the high operating efficiency of the oiling sys- tem, the consumption of oil is low—only .02 Ibs. per horsepower per hour. Double rotary oil pump “he llloving stock 1008 modes of the Anzani Enpea These and many other im- A positive acting gear pump tives powerplant range to mect the requirements of hehe proved features of the new supplies an unfailing flow of eT Nowal Wee Noy Bas Ln Anzani assure the utmost in lubricating oil to all working HP. +.p.m._(lbn.) eylinders (inches) (inches) Price economy aed co gaeeracad of surfaces—oil slingers on shafts a operation for all requirements prevent leakage and insure eco- so iso 218) 8 (giss Spat teas of from 18 to 120 H. P. We will nomical distribution. A sepa- wo_1550_ 58010 $183 Sisie__ 2170 be glad to furnish complete rate scavenge pump is provided Tie prices quoted ip Gr Engine complete. vaclading specifications. Let us know which draws the oil through a Se your requirements. BROWNBACK MOTOR LABORATORIES, Inc. “Sole representatives for the Anzani Aviation Engine in North and South America, Australia and Japan A-1038 GRAYBAR BUILDING - NEW YORK CITY Pacific Coast Distributor: C. C. Lupvow, 848 So. Grand Ave., Los Angeles, Cal. ‘Canadian Distributor: Exicsox Amecnarr, Lrp., 45 Jarvis St., Toronto rw EK _————————————

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964 AVIATION April 16, 19%) April 16, 1928 AVIATION 965 ailwing Performance in a Sport Model THE PITCAIRN SPORT MAILWING The Pitcairn Mailwing* doffs its working clothes in this modeland becomes a sport ship, retaining its well known features of wide speed range, comfort and maneuver- ability. The mail compartment is converted into a separate passenger cockpit, unusually spacious for one passenger — and quite able to accommodate two. An adequate baggage compartment has been placed behind the pilot’s seat. Except for these differences, the Sport Mailwing is the familiar Pitcairn Mailwing, with square section steel tubing fuselage construction, butt-welded cross members and stays, wide track split axle under carriage, wheel brakes, and oleo pneumatic shock absorbers. It is fur- nished with the following instruments and equipment :— Instruments Compass + Altimeter Air Speed Indicator ‘Tachometer « Gas Gauge Oil Pressure Gauge and Thermometer + Clock Equipment Navigation Lights (also wired for landing lights) Flare Release Mechanism Fire Extinguisher ~ Battery Engine Tools « First Aid Kit Price, fully equipped, at Bryn Athyn, Pa., $9850. See the Pitcairn Sport Mailwing at the All-American Aircraft Show, Detroit, April 14 to 21, or write us for further information. * Reg, U.S. Pat. Office PITCAIRN AIRCRAFT Inc. 1864 LAND TITLE BUILDING, PHILADELPHIA, PA. \ The Oldest American Aeronautical Magazine Eart D. Ossonw ‘President and Publisher Editor Lester D. GARDNER Ricuarp M. Mock Director ‘Technical Editor Grorce Newsoup Auperr F. MULLapy Business Manager ‘Assistant Editor L. D. WxssTEr Davin J. Leis Trearurer ‘Art Editor BR, Swsey Bowen, Jr. Managing Vol. XXIV April 16, 1928 Index to Contents Eprrorrars. ‘Tue Ampenane Divi Tae Enowe Division ‘Tue Accessory anp Equipment Division Marertats oF CONSTRUCTION ...- THe Prosuem or Comnatixc Ice AccusuLATION Tue Snort “Carcurra” Seut THe Foren Markers News .- Reviews - Swe Surs . Forsron News - Arrrorts axp AIRWAYS . ‘U.S. Am Forces . Enarye Srecrvication Tape « AIRPLANE SPECIFICATION TABLE Inpex TO ADVERTISERS AVIATION PUBLISHING CORPORATION Business and Editorial Offices 250 West 57th St., New York City Cable Address: AEROENG Publication Office: Highland, New York Canada, fve oat “Ofice ty ‘Copyright 1088 by 4 For Your Convenience in Subscribing Please send AVIATION to Enclosed find check ( ) money vsler ( ) for $+ IRELAND NEPTUNE: AMPHIBIAN BUILT BY IRELAND AIRCRAFT, INC. GARDEN CITY LONG ISLAND.N.Y, EQUIPPED Beauti: Distinctive ¥ +* CONTROL’ This and many other combinations of instruments under one glass may be had. The famous ELGIN CHRONOMETRIC TACHOMETER Van Sicklen Model, in all Unit Control Boards. “TRADEMARK and original “all under one slass installation for airplanes.” TACHOMETER DIVISION ELGIN NATIONAL WATCH COMPANY a5 East Wacker Drive Chicago, Illinois

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See “CORSAIR” The Stock Airplane which holds Four World Records the “Corsair” AVIATION UTSTANDING among the notable O achievements in Aeronautics during 1927 was the capture of four World Records by the new Vought “Corsair” Air- plane. Outstanding because these World Records — one for altitude and three for speed — were made with a strictly stock service “Corsair” seaplane. Outstanding because these records were made without special preparations, the airplane, en- gine and propeller being the original service equipment. And each and every “Corsair” is guaranteed to equal or better these world record per- formances, and is sold with such a guarantee. 3,203,000 MILES — 28,175 HOURS — is the official record of flying done in Vought Airplanes during 1927 — what can speak more highly of their popularity and reliability? VOUGHT “Preferred Airplanes” fod) L2 at the All American Aircraft Show April a ¢ AY ATION: \ The Oldest American Aeronautical Magazine 14th - 21st Vol XXIV APRIL 16, 1928 No. 16 The Detroit Show ETROIT IS this week staging an aircraft exhibition which differs essentially from any other indoor exhibition which has ever been held. Previous exhibi- tions have been promotion schemes, with a preponder- ‘ance of military planes and little emphasis on the direct sales. They have been for purposes of good will with but little expectation of direct results. The Detroit Show on the other hand, is primarily a commercial show. It is a sales outlet such as is used by other well estab- lished industries. The h response of commercial manufacturers to Detroit’s efforts indicates that they believe it to be commercially sound. They feel that the public is ready to buy and not merely to look at air- planes. They feel that it is necessary for the large num- ber of dealers and distributors throughout the country to be able to see the products of the various manufactur- ers assembled under one roof. They feel that their en- gineers will be stimulated by seeing the progress made by others. ‘The crowds which visit the Show cannot fail to be im- pressed by the substantial progress that has been achiev- ed. More than forty companies are exhibiting commercial planes and many of them are showing several models. ‘These planes are practical money-making vehicles and are being produced in quantity. Whether a man is in- terested in a sport plane or an air liner, he will find it at the Show. The planes and accessories which can be seen under the roof of the Detroit Convention Hall re- yeal that a strong and flourishing industry has arisen. Those who are dubious of the achievements of commer- cial aviation in America could not have a better demon- stration of what has already been done. There is no doubt of the value and effect of an in- door show as it ean be much more easily reached by the general publie and there are many who will attend it who would not bother to go to a fiying field which was located a long ways out of town. However a word of warning might not be amiss. The Show is good adver- tising but it is also expensive. Many other cities will undoubtedly try and promote shows of their own and though admitting their public value the cost to the in- dustry must also be considered. The Twentieth Century A‘touce ‘WE deplore the rashness of the attemp- ted Atlantic flights and wish that they were not to be made, none the less, we are forced to admit that there is a certain epic quality in these foolhardy at- tempts. In the Biblical days champion warriors battled while the hostile hosts looked on. Later the Roman pop- ulace looked on while the gladiators fought in the arena. Medieval Europe had its knights who met in single com- bat. Today the nations send forth their airmen to do impossible feats with the whole world as their audienco. America won the glory of the flight from West to East and Europe answered the challenge by sending out their champions on ill fated voyages. Nothing daunted by the apparent impossibility of the task England, Ger- many and France are preparing further attempts. With the lapse of time the history of the twentieth century will become blurred but there will remain a legend of heroism and romance such as has rarely been told. Commercial Aircraft Development LMOST A quarter of a century has elapsed sinve man first flew successf Ry Gicipeaee plane. During that period enormous progress has been made. The flimsy and unreliable plane in which the Wrights first wobbled into the air has been developed until it can be relied upon to cover enormous distances at tremendous speed. Outside of the work done by a few sportsmen and exhibition fliers, this development was carried on until after the war entirely under gov- ernment supervision and with government funds. or several years after the war, planes designed primarily for military purposes were used almost exclusively in commercial work. It can never be exactly determined when commereial aviation began to be weaned away from military in- dependence, but by 1923 or 1924 the commercial opera- tion of aireraft began to be put on a business basis. The gypsy pilot was becoming a fixed base operator and the air mail started its night flying and its continued car- riage of mai! over long distances. It was realized that planes designed for civilian use could be operated more economically than the cheap war surplus planes and we began to have successful manufacturers who catered only to the civilian users. The growth of sound cora- mercial aviation was very gradual at first but has been going on steadily at an ever increasing pace. * Governmental development has produced great results but in all other lines of endeavor civilian enterprise has soon outstripped it. When it is considered that cora- mercial aviation is really less than five years old, the results accomplished, as shown at the Detroit Convention Hall, are really remarkable. It must also be remembered that ‘until a year or a year and a half ago aircraft enter- prises could not look to bankers for financial assistance. With aircraft unfettered from military limitations and with the financial resources of the country behind it, the industry can look forward to even more rapid progress than has been made in the past few years. 967

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Airplane AVIATION April 16, 1928 Division Brief Descriptions of the Exhibits in this Division that Includes Landplanes, Seaplanes and Amphibians ttention is called to the fact that the descriptions of the ex- hibits in this Division, as well as those in the Engine Division and the Accessory and Equipment Division are in alphabeti- eal order. This has been done not only because it simpli- fies reference, but also because we feel that every exhibit is of interest and that favoritism should not be shown to any particular one....The Editor. ADVANCE AIRCRAFT CO. Troy, O. The display of the products of this company covers 4,375 sq. ft. of floor space and is in the charge of the Knapp Flying Service, Ypsilanti, Mich., distributor of Ryan and Waco planes. Five Waco planes are being shown as well as various types of new production engines which are now available. Of particular interest is the Waco 10 powered with a 125 hp. Ryan-Siemens radial air-cooled engine which is being shown for the first time in public. This piane nas a Berry- loid finish consisting of Queen Grey cowling and Viceroy Ivoi fuselage. The wings have the usual aluminum finish. The struts and wires are nickel plated and the plane is equipped with a Special Consolidated Instrument Panel, electric starter and a Hamilton metal propeller. A Waeo-Whirlwind is also being exhibited. fuselage and cowling with wings of ora Tt has black It is equipped Rear quarter view of the Waco 10 fitted with a Fairchild Camines engine. with Bendix brakes, navigation lights, Special Consolidated Instrument Panel and Hamilton Metal propeller. This com- bination was awarded Airworthiness Type Certificate No. 13. The Waco fitted with a Fairchild-Caminez engine on ex- hibition at this booth is finished in two tones of Berryloid red on the fuselage and cowling. The strats and wires are nick- eled and the wings are finished in the usual aluminum color. A Special Consolidated Instrument Panel is included. ‘Two Wacos powered with OX-5 engines are also included in the exhibit. One is fitted with a sct of Edo De Luxe pon- toons, converting it to a seaplane. The rest of the equipment is standard. The other Waco-OX-5 has a special Berryloid finish, nickled struts and wires and a Special Consolidated Instrument Panel. The cowling is finished in Acadian Blue and the fuselage in Baltimore Grey. in the usual aluminum color. Knapp Flving Service, Ine., is also exhibiting in this booth one Ryan Brougham. It is a standard B-1 model powered with a Wright Whirlwind. It is fitted with such equipment as two full width doors, wheel brakes, cabin heater, navigation ‘The wings are finished Side view of the Waco 10 fitted with a 125 hp. Ryan-Siemens engine. lights with battery and dash lights, wind shield wiper, Eclipse hand starter and a full set of instruments. One Monocoupe powered with an Anzani engine is also s part of the exhibit. This plane is manufactured by Mono Air craft Ines Moline, Ill, which company recently took over the Central States Aero Co. Mono Aireraft, Inc., is a sub- sidiary of the Velie Automobile Co. Further details of the planes being exhibited will be found in the Commereial Airplane and Seaplane Specification Te- ble published elsewhere in this issue. Further details of the engines mentioned will be found in the Commercial Engine Specification Table, also printed elsewhere in the issue. Edward G. Knapp is officiating at this exhibit and the off- cers of the Advance Company who are in Detroit during the Show include C. V. Bruckner, president, R. E. Lees, sales manager, Charles W. Meyers, chief test pilot, and E. E. Green, chief engineer. AERO CRAFT MANUFACTURING CO. Detroit, Mich. In a display area of 1200 sq. ft. this company is exhibiting its new “Aero-Coupe”. The Acro-Coupe is a three place semi eabin biplane, powered with a 110 hp. Warner air-cooled r= dial engine. ‘The plane is rated at a top speed of 110 m.ph, and a cruising speed of 100 m-p.h. The eabin which is built to accommodate two passengers comfortably is fitted with s 26 in. door, and a sliding hatchlike roof which opens to pre vide easy entrance or exit. The seats are low and are set st a comfortable angle, The dimensions of the cabin are: height 42 in., length 50 in., width 36 in. clear. By removal of the seats the plane is then suited for mail or express carrying. One of the marked features is that the plane is easily and April 16, 1928 quickly convertible for training purposes. The span of the upper wing is 32 ft., and the lower wing 28 ft. The over- all length is 22 ft. 6 in. ‘The fuselage, empennage and ailerons are of welded tubu- lar stvel construction. Conventional wood construction is vnsed in the wing. The rudder and ailerons are counter-bal- ‘anced and the stabilizer is adjusted from the pilots’ cockpit. The tail skid is equipped with Oleo shock absorber and the plane is finished in attractive color combinations of Berry- oid lacquer. The standard brake and wheel equipment is Bendix, and the wheels work on Timken Roller Bearings. The control is stick and rudder, and the cockpit is equipped with group unit instrument board indirectly lighted and includes jn addition to engine gauges, a tachometer, altimeter, air speed indicator and compass. Capt. Clement W. Brown, president of the company is in charge of the exhibit. AMERICAN EAGLE AIRCRAFT CORP. Kansas City, Mo. The exhibit of this company covers 2,000 sq. ft. of floor ser, Two planes are being exhibited; one an Americ ean Eagle powered with a Quick air-cooled radial engine. stardard American Eagle is a three place, open cockpit bi- plane with two passengers seated in the front cockpit and the pilot in the rear. The fuselage is of welded steel con- struction forming a Warren truss, with no wires, and a wood Front quarter view of the American Eagle powered with an OX-5 engine. turtle deck. The OX engine is completely cowled ud the radi- ator is anderslung. The wings are of wood and are fabric covered. It has welded steel tube tail surfaces and balanced mdder and balanced ailerons. It also has a split type land- tog gear. The span is 30 ft., the length 24 ft. 6 in., the height 8 ft. 4 in, and the wing area is 300 sy. ic Empty the plane weighs 1275 Ib., and loaded it weighs 2750 Ib. The top speed is 110 mp.h., ernising sper? 85 mp.h., and the landing speed 30 m.p.h. Complete specifications of the plane will be found in the Commereial Airplane and Seaplane Table and complete spe- cifieations for the two engines will be found in the Commercial Engine Table. This plane was described in detail in the June 6, 1927, issue of Aviation. ALEXANDER AIRCRAFT CO. Denver, Colo. In a display of 4500 sq. ft. this company is exhibiting three Eaglerock planes, each powered with a different type of en- gine; one a Ryan-Siemens 125 hp., one a Menasco 260 hp., and one a Wright Whirlwind 225 hp. The new Eaglerock was disigned primarily for new radial air-cooled engines. By the installation of a detachable engine mount, the present Eagierock ean necommodate any engine up to and including a Wricht Whirlwind J-5 with a load (safety factor) of 8 plus. This load factor has been increased with no increase in weight due to careful design, The fuselage is of chrome AVIATION 969 molybdenum steel tubing in the form of a Warren truss, and the engine mount is detachable at the fire-wall. A 46 gal. gasoline tank is in the fuselage. The wooden wings which are fabric covered are made up of laminated I beam sprac> spars and built up spruce ribs; double wire bracing is used internally except beyond the interplane struts where single wires are used. Haskelite plywood is used throughout. The plane is fitted with an adjustable stabilizer and the wings are wired for navigation lights. A split axle type of land- Rear quarter view of the Alexander Eaglerock fitted with a 125 hp. Ryan-Siemens engine. ing gear is used. The span of the upper wing is 36 ft. 8 in., and the wing area is 330 sq. ft. The gross weight with any of the three engines mentioned is 2230 Ib. Fitted with a Ryan-Siemens engine the high speed of the plane is 1128 mp.h. Fitted with a Whirlwind the high speed is 135.3 m.p.h. ‘The landing speed with either a Ryan-Siemens or Wright Whirlwind is 34 mp.h. With a Ryan-Siemens engine the plane climbs 830 ft. per min., and with a Wright Whirlwind it climbs 1654 ft. per min. Further specifications of this plane will be found in the Commercial Airplane and Seaplane Specification Table. J. A. MeInaney is in charge of the Alexander Aircraft exhibit. ATLANTIC AIRCRAFT CORP. Hasbrouck Heights, N. J. This company, which is a subsidiary of the Fokker Air- craft Corp. of America of Wheeling, W. Va., is exhibiting its new Fokker Super-Universal powered with a Pratt & Whitney 400 hp. Wasp engine. The company is displaying in 3,000 sq. ft. of floor space. The Super-Universal was de- veloped from the well-known Whirlwind engined Fokker Uni- versal. The Super-Universal, however, is somewhat larger than the other model. The wing is of full cantilever construc- tion and covered with wood veneer. The span is 50 ft., 6 in., the maximum chord 10 ft., the wing area 388 sq. ft., and the maximum height is 8 ft. 11 in. The powerplant which is Front quarter view of the new Fokker Super-Universal pow- ered with a Wright Whirlwind engine. the Wasp engine is complete with tool kit, earburetor, heater and double exit manifold with silencing end. There is an Eclipse inertia starter, booster, magneto, and Standard Steel metal propeller. The fuselage is of welded tubular constrac- tion of specification 10,225, low carbon steel, rust proofed and offering maximum strength with ease of repair. It is of War- Continued on page 1074

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AVIATION April 16, 19% Engine Division Some Details of the Displays in this Division that Contains both Air Cooled and Water CURTISS AEROPLANE & MOTOR CO., INC. Garden City, L. I. Nv ¥. The total exhibit of this company covers 200 sq. ft. of floor space. The engine exhibited is the Curtiss “Conqueror” V- 1550. It is a 12 cylinder V type water-cooled 600 hp. engine developed from the Curtiss D-12. It has the same frontal area as the D-12 and although it develops considerably more power, it is only slightly heavier. It weighs 760 Ib. dry or Front quarter view of the Curtiss “Conqueror” V-1550 engine. 1.26 Ib. per hp., whereas the D-12-weighs 680 Ib. and develops 435 hp. The engine has been under development for the last three or four years and during that time the Curtiss Co. was in production on a 1400 cu. in. engine of the same bore and stroke as the Conqueror which is 54g and 644. ‘The Conqueror has a displacement of 1569 eu. in., and a compression ratio of 58. It is also built with reduction gears and weighs only 90 Ib. more. The geared engines were those installed in the Cartiss Condor, a twin engine bomber. The Conqueror which heretofore was purely a serviee type of engine is now avail- able for commercial use. One is being installed in a Cur- tiss Falcon belonging to the Curtiss Flying Service. A V- 1550 engine was installed in a Curtiss Hawk pursuit plane which won the Free For All Military Pursuit Race at the 1927 Air Races, at a speed of 201.2 mp.b. That plane had wing radiators. Another similar model fitted with the usual tunnel type radiator finished second at 189 mp.h. In the Observation Place Race two Curtiss V-1550 engines finished first and second at speeds of 170 and 162 m.phh., respectively. This engine was described in detail in the issue of March 7, 1927, of Avtariox. Further specifications will be found in the Commerrial Engine Specification Table. Cooled Power Plants DAYTON AIRPLANE ENGINE CO. Dayton, Ohio The exhibit of this company which covers 100 sq. ft a floor space is featured by the showing of the Dayton Cub,s four eylinder in line air-cooled, built with latest type of aluni- num alloy cylinder head on a nickel iron cast eylinder. The Dayton Cub is at present rated at 110 hp. at 1550 r-p.m., bat it will develop a higher hp. at higher r.p.m. The bore is 4.5 in, the stroke is 7.0 in., and the compression ratio is 5.3. Withoat propeller or hub the complete engine weighs 375 Ib. It is fit ted with double magnetos and carburetor as standard equip ment. ‘The engine is built rugged with a view to endurance and low maintenance costs. An additional drive unit has bees provided which will drive either a C-5 fuel pump or gear ol pump or both. This takes care of plane builders who wast ‘a fuel pump or a dry sump engine, Conversion to a dry sump engine necessitates only adding the pump or changing froa 1-2 external pipes on the crankease. Full force feed lubries tion is provided to all plain bearings in the engine, while the ball bearings are oil sprayed. The crankshaft is five bea ings of sturdy construction and is held in place by babbittel steel backed main bearings which in turn carry their load Side view of the Dayton “Cub”, a four cylinder in-line & gine rated at 110 hp. at 1550 r.p.m. through to the cylinder head by long through bolts whit clamp the cylinder heads on the cylinders. The seal is malt by metallic gaskets. Construction permits of easy remov! of cylinder heads for construction or grinding. The overhes! valves are seated in aluminum bronze seats and two dinmett cally opposed spark plug openings directly below the valve are also bronze bushed. The overhead camshaft and housisg April 16, 1928 whieh serve to hold the cylinder heads en-bloc are similar in construction to that used in the Liberty engine. The alumi- pam erankease carries all mountings in the upper half. The oil pump is located in the sump. Baffle plates are inserted above the oil. The Dayton Cub is adaptable either as a trac- tor or pusher without change, as a double ball thrust bearing is provided at the propeller end. Further specifications will be found in the Commercial En- gine Specification Table. R. R. Grant and M. H. Simmons are in charge of the ex- hibit. FAIRCHILD CAMINEZ ENGINE CORP. Subsidiary of the Fairchild Aviation Corp. Farmingdale, L. I., N. ¥. This exhibit contains the Fairchild Camine> engine, a four cylinder radial engine that is rated at 135 hp. at 1,000 r.p.m., and develops 140 hp. at 1050 r.p.m. The engine weighs 350 b., or 2.5 Ib. per hp. The displacement is 447 cu. in., and Front quarter view of the 135 hp. Fairchild-Caminez engine. the compression ratio is 5 to 1. The engine has no erank- shaft and instead uses a double lobed cam in contact with rollers. The pistons are linked together and the camshaft turns at one-half ordinary crankshaft speed allowing a ver efficient low speed propeller of large diameter. The engi on display is sectionalized to show the internal parts. An article by D. R. Caminez describing the engine in detail ap- peared in Aviation, Sept. 12, 1927. R. K. LEBLOND MACHINE TOOL CO. Cincinnati, Ohio The feature of this exhibit which covers 200 sq. ft. of floor space is the showing of LeBlond 60 air-cooled radial engine. This engine which is of five cylinder design was developed from the Detroit Air-Cat engine and is very similar to that engine except that it has enclosed valves. The engine devel- ops 60 hp., and the officials of the company state that they AVIATION 971 are going into production on a three cylinder engine of 40 hp., and a seven cylinder engine of 90 hp. One of these en- gines being exhibited at the Show is in the J.B.S. “Aireoupe” exhibited by the Stinson School of Aviation. The main di- mensions of the Air-Cat were bore 4% in., stroke 3% in., displacement 250 en. in. It develops 60 hp. at 1800 rpm. PACKARD MOTOR CAR CO. Detroit, Mich. In a display area comprising 400 sq. ft. of floor space this company is exhibiting five aireraft engines; the Packard X en- gine, the ackard 1500 direct, the Packard 1500 inverted, the Side view of ‘the Packard 24-1500. Packard 2500 direct, and the Packard 2500 geared ongine. The Packard X engine was designed and built primarily as a powerplant for the racing plane built for Lieut. A. J. Williams, U.S.N. It develops 1250 hp. at 2500 rpm. Two engines of this type have been built by Packard; the second is equipped with a super-charger which gives it 1500 bp. at 2500 revolutions. Lieutenant Williams’ engine was deseribed Front quarter view of the Packard 1250 hp. X engine used by Lieut. Al. Williams. in detail in the Aug. 15, 1927, issue of Aviation. The Pao- kard 1500 direct drive engine which is used in Boeing pur- suit planes built for the United States Navy develops 600 hp. at 2500 revolutions. The inverted engine is the same engine designed to run up-side-down and is being used in = large number of Loening amphibians operated by the Navy. The Packard 2500 direct engines develop 800 hp. at 2000 Continued on page 1070

Page 23

972 AVIATION April 16, 1928 Accessory and Equipment Division Short Accounts of the Many Exhibits that Feature this Division AC SPARK PLUG CO. Flint, Mich. ‘The main feature of this exhibit which covers 150 sq. ft. of floor space is the AC Fuel System for airplanes. The exhibit also contains artistically designed airplane instrument board panels in which are installed AC tachometers, oil gauges, ther- mogauges, and ammeters; and a full line of AC spark plugs which include type N, the same plug used by Lindbergh, Chamberlin, Byrd, Maitland, Brock and Schlee, and other fa- mous fliers. ‘The AC fuel pump on exhibition differs from the type used by the government in that it is a diaphragm pulsating pump, a self priming device. The diaphragm is composed of several layers of especially treated flexible cloth material which is Fig. 1. Drawing of the AC Fuel System. absolutely impervious to gasoline and benzo. This cloth material (Fig. 1, A) is held between two metal dises (B) and is pushed upward by a spring (C). This diaphragm in its upward position almost fills the pump chamber (M) so that in its downward movements a very high vacuum is ob- tained, thus assuring high pumping capacity even at low speed. ‘The repeated 44” movement of the diaphragm is possible in- definitely without any injury due to the flexibility of this material. The extreme movement of the diaphragm occurs only when the carburetor is empty. When fall this move- ment is greatly diminished. In practically all normal engine running conditions the diaphragm is pulsating in a movement of a few thousandths of an inch. The movement is controlled by linkage (FF) beeause when the diaphragm is in the de- pressed position due to sufficient fuel in the carburetor the Feciprocal movement of the lever (D) will merely eause a movement of the linkage (F) to the right as shown by the S"TThe AC fuel pump which weighs less than three pounds and does not affect engine earburetion at any speed is stated to be mechanically reliable, quiet, and economical in the cost of both the unit and the fuel system installation. For air- plane use the AC Spark Plug Co. now has under development a large capacity fuel pump made of alloy steel and mag- nesium which supplies sufficient fuel for a 500 hp. engine and weighs complete less than two pounds. No duplication of pipes is required with the AC pump fuel system and the pum) unit includes a strainer with a glass bowl to collect any wa- ter and sediment that may be in the gasoline. David Gregg, AC research engineer, is in charge of the exhibit. AIRSHIPS, INC. Hammondsport, N. ¥. This exhibit which covers 50 sq. ft. of floor space contains models of the company’s products, pneumatic boats for air- planes. These air rafts are manufactured in three different sizes, the “Soloraft” for pursuit and single place planes; the standard “Airaft”, and the “Superaft” for use in large planes carrying a crew of five or more. Deflated these rafts can be folded and carried in a small space. For inflation air or carbon dioxide gas is usually used. They can, if desired, be equipped with bottles of carbon di- oxide gas for rapid inflation. Flightex is used enirely in the construetion of these rafts. AEROMARINE STARTER CO. Keyport, N. J. This company is exhibiting in 100 sq. ft. of floor space three of its type D Starters. Type DU incorporates a uni- versal transverse hand cranking attachment. It is also equip- ped with a universal joint giving 30 deg. angular latitude in plan aspect to permit easy avoidance of interferences with struts, ete. It is standard Navy equipment on the Wright 1750 engine such as is installed in the twin engine PN flying- Aeromarine starters. Left, “DL”, center, “DE”, and right, “DU”. boats where it permits right and left hand installation. Type DL has a longitudinal attachment to permit cranking from the cockpit in tractors. It is standard equipment on the Pratt and Whitney Hornet engine as installed in the new Martin planes. Type DE has a special form of electric motor incor- Type April 16, 1928 porated in the flywheel giving extreme compactness and ef- fecting a great saving in weight with the result that the com- bined hand and electric machine of 750 ft. Ib. torque capaci- ty, which is sufficient for all aircraft engines up to 800 hp., weighs only 30 Ib. The other two types weigh 24 Ib. each. ‘Ali three machines are characterized by their extreme free running, permitting high flywheel speed and energy capacity without exhausting the operator. A 10 min. free rundown is the minimum required for new production machines and re- cently the officials of the company obtained 19% minutes on a machine which had received 100 locked jaw tests under officis! Navy supervision. It is stated that this advantage is not sicrifieed in any way by the new clectrie attachment, 15 min. being the rundown obtained on the first combined hand-clectrie machine. Roland Chilton, chief engineer of the , is in charge of the exhibit. comps AERO MODEL PRODUCTS CO. Chicago, 1. In a display area of 100 sq. ft. of floor space this company is exhibiting seale model airplanes which resemble real planes in appearance and construction and give satisfactory flying performance. One model which is made of bamboo and is paper covered is known as the Silver Ace. The other is the Silver Ace De Luxe which is covered with varnished silk and is far more durable. Both are monoplanes but an extra pair of wire wing supports have been added to the fuselage of the Silver Ace so that it may be flown as a biplane by adding a second pair of wings. Pontoons are furnished with these models and may be attached to the axles by removing the wheels. The Silver Ace De Luxe has a wing spread of 30 in. and weighs only 334 ounces. Power is supplied by eight strands of rubber bands put under tension by a winding de- vice. Propellers, landing gear, wheels, and nose collars are made of semi-flexible celluloid. Wire spring shock absorbers The wings and tail are of hollow construetion with accurately shaped ribs covered with varnished silk. Fuselage, sides, and ribs are made of balsa veneer. J. M. Schutt and H. F. Coffin are in charge of the exhibit. AIRPORT ENGINEERING CO. Detroit, Mich. The feature of this exhibit, which covers 100 sq. ft. of floor space, is a model of the Grosse Ile Airport at Grosse Ie, Michizan, which the Airport Engineering Co. and the owners, the Chateau Voyageurs, and the Aircraft Development Co. are building. The airport when completed will provide » safe port for airplanes, both land and water, and dirigibles. ‘The model is @ true facsimile made from a topographical map and shows the field, which is a 3,000 ft. circle, hangars rplanes and dirigibles, the seaplane harbor base, the arse, the club house of the Chatean Voyageurs, and the abont the club property. The exhibit is in the charge on B. Voree and of Herbert C. Winter, who formed the Engineering Co. in 1925 to act as a clearing house for information dealing with airport construction. AQUA OIL SERVICE, INC. New York, New York company is exhibiting, in 200 sq. ft. of floor space, ent for storing and dispensing gasoline and oil at air- and flying fields. This equipment consists of over- equipment of continuous flow, metered systems, with Agus Nozzle Control for rapid fueling and oiling. A model is being exhibited at this exhibit to demonstrate the principle of operation of the Aqua System. The exhibit also includes photocraphs, drawings, and sketehes showing the application AVIATION 973 of Aqua gasoline and oil systems for airplane factories. Ix this connection the company is featuring an automatie dyno- mometer test room apparatus. Some of the features of the Aqua Gasoline System for the fueling of planes are: a one man operation; a-continous antl rapid flow; control at the nozzle; delivery of fuel without dirt or water; no sweating inside tanks; any number of fuel- ing points on the field; fueling outlets flush with field; every- thing underground; aecurate measuring device at each outlet; absolute cheek on fuel in storage; no evaporation or deteriora- tion in gravity or volume; every fueling ontlet and filling pipe strongly protected and under lock and key; long life and low maintenance cost. B.B.T. CORP. OF AMERICA Philadelphia, Pa. Four of the products of this company are being exhibited in 100 sq. ft. of floor space. They are: the new B.B.T. In- termediate Air Mail Type Landing Floodlight; a B.B.T. type Q-5 Aviation Flashing Beacon; a B.B.T. type PF-8 180 deg. Triple Reflector Floodlight; and a B.B.T. type AF-8 180 deg. Floodlight unit. ‘The Intermediate Type Air Mail Floodlight was developed for the moderate sized airport because of the objections to a multiple lighting system. It is similar to the large unit Left, a B.B.T. Type AF-8 Floodlight. Right, a B.B.T. Flash- ing Beacon Type Q-5. except that it is somewhat smaller and uses a 5 KW lamp. ‘The housing is constracted of sheet steel, is thoroughly water proof, and is designed to provide ample ventilation for the lamp. A chromium plated spun copper spherical reflector behind the lamp materially increases the unit’s efficiency. A 180 deg. 11 element, hand cut Fresnel lens is used. By means of an adjustable base feature the beam can be tilted to the proper angle. This unit can also be mounted on a 4-wheel track and transported to any part of the field. A landing area of 1500 ft. in length or more can be lighted with suffici- ent intensity to permit safe landings. The Aviation Flashing Beacon is provided with a 250 num. diameter full size 360 deg. Fresnel lens surmounted by a balf lens of the same diameter each lens having a 1500 watt lamp. An intense beam is projected over the entire 360 deg. in the horizontal plane. The rays emitted by the upper half of the top lamp produce a dome of light making the beacon visible when the approaching pilot is above the concentrated benm. Continued on page 1042

Page 24

974 Materials of AVIATION April 16, 19% Construction Stress Analysis of Commercial Aircraft, Chapter Number Six By PROFESSOR ALEXANDER KLEMIN Daniel Guggenheim School of Aeronautics And GEORGE F. TITTERTON Late of the Bursa of Aeronautics, Navy Department HEREVER IN the airplane structure a pure tension load must be taken the most efficient way of taking it is with a steel wire. Wires are used in wing and drag trusses, tail bracing, fuselage construction, and for op- erating controls. In some cases the wires are exposed—in which case streamline wire is often used—and in other cases they are internal as in drag truss. In any case the wire that best fits the situation is the one that should be used. Wires may be classified into hard, stranded, and tie-rods. The hard wire is a single strand of high tensile strength steel; the stranded wire is a miniature cable made up of a number of small strands twined together; tie-rods are single strands with threaded ends and come with cross-seetionis that are round, square, or streamline. The streamline form is for external use where it gives a minimum resistance. Hard wires are now forbidden for use as a structural part of airplanes built for the Army and Navy. Commercial op- erators still use them extensively for bracing of drag trusses and tail surfaces. The properties of hard wire are given in Table 8. There are several reasons why the Army and Navy object to the use of haid wire. In the first place they are but a single strand which may snap without warning after or during a period of excessive strain. Secondly the method of making end connections weakens the wires anywhere from 45 to 40 per cent. depending upon the skill of the workman; bending the end of the wire through 180 degrees to form a smal! loop and then soldering a ferrule close to this point to make the jo'it secure destroys the properties of the wire. The high strength is originally obtained by cold-working and the heat of soldering and the strain of bending through such ‘a large angle destroys this strength. For the reasons just given it is advisable to allow at least 15 per cent. reduction in the strength of this wire as listed in Table 8. It is also important to inspect the loops after soldering to see that there are no cracks present. Unless the ferrule is well soldered there will be slippage at the joint which will cause slackness in the wire. This is serious » Steet

Bre Size Birength Gage ‘Pounds ° 2 24,800 2 5 ‘ 8 Hy : 8 H 19 i ie 3

these wires have no provision for tautening. In genera) it is not advisable to use these wires as the saving in weight is not comparable to the added hazard of failure under load. Stranded wires are divided into three classes, namely, nou Continued on page 1034

Table 9. Strength ef Steel Cable Non-Fiezs Ie trends “Flexible 727 Extra-Flex. 7x19 Diameter in Weight Bresking~ Weight rea. Weight Breaking Inches in lb. per = 3t ho 0 im 1b. per Strength in 1b. per Strength 100 ft. Pounds 100 ft. Poon 100 ft. Pounde 0.031 =—-1/32 0.50 165 +062 ifs 0.78 500 0.81 480 2078 5/64 1.21 780 0.83 550 2094 3/32 1.75 1100 1.45 920 +109 7/64 2.60 1600 2125 1/8 3.50 2100 2.45 1350 2000 +156 5/32 5.50 3200 4.67 2600 2800 187 3/16 7.70 4600 5.80 3200 4200 +218 = (7/32 10.00 6100 8.30 4600 5600 12500(1/4 13.50 8000 10.50 5800 7000 2281 9/32 8000 *312 5/16 20.65 12500 16.70 9200 9800 34401 12500 +375 3/8 14400

April 16, 1928 AVIATION 975 The Problem of Combating Ice Accumulation By C. G. ANDRUS Hadley Airport U. 8. Weather Bureau, New York, N. ¥.

=< + Introduction * HIS PAPER deals witha subject about which next to nothing has been wtitten, “slightly more been studied and generally ignored as of only occasional importance. Ice however ranks first as the terron of wintertime air. It is protested at the outset that this treatment of the subject pre- sented herewith is neither final mor complete. It is published for the purpose of encouragitg further study and to present such facts as have been our great privilege to gather during the past two winters as we have listened to the fantastic and heroic accounts of battles with ice from pilots who wnder- stood that our interest was centered in the collection of such data as would enable us to better understand this bete noir of the air. From all accounts, no airway has more bad wea- ther than the New York (Hadley Airport)-Cleveland line, and of all its bad weather ice is the most dangerous. The, finest fliers of this and foreign countries have been ‘bowed down by ice and defeated by ice encountered during the past season between New York and the Lake Region. Plans for an intensive study of this phenomenon of ice are now being prepared for the 1928-1929 season. ETEOROLOGICAL FACTORS affecting airplane flying fall into two main classifications, those which prevent or stop flying and those whieh affect flying or navigat- ing while flying. The main factor which prevents flight is undoubtedly the accumulation of ice upon the various exposed surfaces of the plane. Its quick action and the small chance of the plane being rid of the trouble by mechanical means gives to this factor grave importance, and the limited character of the experiences of those pilots which have found them- selves caught by icing-up weather has resulted in a rather imperfect apprehension of just what goes on during the ac-. tion known as icing-up, or the accumulating of ice-coats on the plane’s surfaces. These ice barnaeles threaten a forced landing in so certain terms that any but the best trained pilots should be eautioned against flights through clouds or rain at moderate altitudes above ground where the tempera- _ ture is between 15 and 40 deg. F. The pilots who man the planes of the transport line between New York and Cleveland meet as mnch ice as any in this country; their experiences are varied but from their reports and the theoretical considerations which best fit the facts gathered from them several general truths emerge. This air- way has such conditions as a result of at least three factors; the moderate altitude of the mountainous region, the proximity of the Lake Region to the northwest, and the situation on eastern side of a great continent which is a “cold” reservoir in the winter months. What then is the action of ice upon the plane? From a variety of opinions it appears that the ice-barnacles affect the efficiency of the plane in three ways, perhaps more. (Fig. 1) The parasitic resistance offered by struts, wires, outside fixtures of various sorts and the wings themselves (Fig. 4) is immensely increased and the attachment of clods of ice to propeller blades roughens engine action and may reduce the pull. The lifting power of the wings may be diminished by the change in the shape of airfoil by the head of ice on the leading edge (on upper side usually). The weight of the ship may be increased to an amount in excess of the maxi-

Fig. 1. “I—eross section of Clark ¥ type of airfoil. —eross section of streamline wire. “III”—eross section of wing strut. In all three drawings “a” signifies ice accumul- ation. ap

mum loading. Much diversity of opinion has been found as to the relative weights of the first two actions; there is almost unanimity that the actual weight of the ice is the minor con- sideration in most flights because the extra load migit easily be carried if other factors remained unchanged. All three ‘ways combined have however a powerful influence upon flight and have been said to be sufficient to force a plane to settle after less than ten minutes of exposure to the ice forming conditions. ‘These conditions, until recently little studied and less under- stood, are present whenever water particles impinge ‘upon the plane’s surfaces in flight through air at temperatures below the freezing point (32° F or 0° C). These particles may be big enough to be rain-drops falling through sub-freezing air; on the other hand they may be tiny particles of fog or cloud at temperatures as low as 21° below zero F. While they may be existing as water droplets in the free air, upon irapinging against the leading edges of the plane's surfaces they change immediately to glaze, (silver thaw of the British). ‘Vertical cross-sections of the atmosphere during the fall of freezing rain are generally on the following order. Near the Continued on page 1030

Page 25

976 AVIATION The Short April 16, 1928 “Calcutta” New English 15 Passenger All Metal Flying Boat is Powered with Three 485 Hp. Geared Jupiter IX Engines HE “CALCU ", a 15 passenger, all-metal flying boat, I was recently completed by Short Bros., Ltd., of Ro- chester, Kent, England. This tractor biplane, under- stood to be the first of two planes of this type for service with the Imperial Airways, Ltd. is powered with three 485 hp. geared Jupiter IX engines. The Caleutta weighs 20,000 I. loaded and is said to be able to take off and climb on two engines. It carries a crew of three and a payload of 3,540 Ib. or 15 passengers, allowing 236 Ib. for each passenger and luggage. Assuming each passenger to weigh 160 lb., this would permit 1140 Ib. of express, mail or baggage. The pay load is in addition to the weight of the crew, the crew's baggage. food, water, radio and navigation equipment, and sufficient fuel and oil for a range of 500 mi. With a reduced pay load, and full fuel and oil tanks, the Calcutta has a range of 740 mi. The top speed is 120 m.p.h. and the landing speed 57.5 mph. It has a climb of 800 f.p.m. and a service ceiling of 10,000 ft. Short Bros. has specialized in large, all-metal flying boats and presents in this craft a lager plane than it ever built before. The Calcutta is the largest commercial flying boat ever built in England. In design, it follows principles first evolved by that company in 1919. Structurally the Calcutt is similar to the Short Singapore, a twin engine service type for the Royal Air Force. It is n two-bay biplane with three The Calcutta afloat off the Short Bros. Works at Rochester, England. Note the servo-rudder. engines mounted between the wings. The wings are above the hull which houses the passengers, crew and equipment. The hull is of monocoque constrnetion with the skin covering taking most of the load, while the wings are metal covered with doped fabric. Except for a few fittings and struts of Continued on page 1022 The three engined (485 Geared J upiter IX) Short Calcutta in flight. April 16, 1928 AVIATION - 977 Sell the Foreign Markets Problems Involved can be Met Easier Now than if America Waits Until Other Nations Introduce their Products By BROWER V. YORK Department of Commerce IRPLANE AND airplane engine builders are loaded A with orders, we hear. Production schedules are being raised, new factories are under construction and the demand for aireraft and parts is growing rapidly. An in- creasing proportion of the production is sold in the United States and little attention is given to foreign markets. Ameri- can and European manufacturers, the latter strongly aided by their governments, went to great expense to create markets for their produets after the war. With the extension of reg- ular service, the increase of military air forees and the wide- spread interest in air transportation following the great suc- cesses in 1927, conditions have changed. The demand ex- ceeds the supply in foreign countries as well as at home. Almost unlimited opportunity is open to the American manu- facturers of aeronautie equipment of superior quality who will seek foreign sales properly. ‘The problems involved in securing foreign markets can be met easier now than if manufacturers wait while those in Europe introduce their types and train operators to use them. It would be necessary, after such a delay, to go through the painstaking and slow process of learning the types used and needed abroad, and overcoming the familiarity and attach- ment of foreign users to European planes. To introduce American types and demonstrate their superiority now would be to increase the sale of our planes, engines, parts, and sup- plies more rapidly and establish a foundation for such expor- tation as the automotive industry has accomplished. More than 11 per cent. of the American produetion of motor vehicles in 1927 were exported. Increase of 85 per cent. in 192 In contrast to this large and increasing movement of auto- motive products to foreign markets, exports of aeronautie products in 1926 amounted to 49 per cent. of that year’s production. This compares favorably with the 4.1 per cent. of production exported in 1923. Exports in 1927 increased 85 per cent. over those in 1926 and amounted to $1,903,560. The proportion of exports to production must have decreased, for it is almost certain that the 1927 products were worth more than twice as much as those of 1926. Aircraft to the number of 1186 were produced in the United States in 1926. Their value was $8,871,027 and 50, or 3.4 per cent of them (by value) were exported. In 1927, 63 aircraft valued at $848,568 were sold abroad. The production figures are not nearly completed although 2,011 machines of commercial types and 374 military sireraft have been counted. Nearly 6 per (by value) of the engines and parts produced in 1926 e shipped abroad and the value of this movement was 24,061. It increased in value to $1,054,992 in 1927. French exports of airplanes alone in 1927 have been re- ported to the value of $8,000,000. Thus French exports of aeronautie produets must have been worth five or six times as much as ours. Other European countries are increasing their foreign sales and great efforts are being made to ex- ploit other markets and get a strong footing wherever pos- sible at the earliest opportunity. There are more details in building up export sales end in consummating each transaction than in domestic sales. Im- portant differences in the case of aeronautic products are the time needed, financing and servicing. American purchas- ers sometimes go to the manufacturer for their needs and accept delivery at the factory. This is the more convenient method for the seller but the rule is for the seller to find his customer and supply his needs. In the long ran, aizplane builders will comply with the rule. Aircraft Classed as War Material Aircraft are classed as war material and by international agreement they are not to be sold in China, for instance. Our embargo on commercial planes to Mexico was lifted only re- cently. The International Convention on Aviation made at Paris in 1919 contains some requirements to be met by mana- facturers providing planes to be flown in member countries. We have not ratified the convention and an inspection by our Government is not according to the convention. Hence in some countries a second government inspection is needed be- fore the owner will be allowed to operate a plane from the United States. Even then in some cases our planes do not meet requirements. It was interesting to note that the “Spirit of St. Louis” with her welded frame did not meet French specifications. In manufacturing countries there is a strong desire to develop an aeronautie production industry and it is difficult to sell there. Air services are generally subsidized heavily and the assisting government usually specifies that domestic equip- ment be used here as well as in the military services. In non-mamufacturing countries there are fewer aircraft in use and the needs have not been well developed. Aircraft selling missions from Europe have visited most of them, de- monstrated their planes and indueed governments to buy a few for the military services. Most of them are training types. Factory representatives (most of whom saw war ser- viee) have gone to these countries and trained native pilots and of course stressed the qualities of their equipmest. The longer we delay, the more pronounced and widespread will these difficulties become. American aircraft, engines, parts, supplies and appliances, instruments and parachutes can be sold in the manufacturing countries of Europe where they are highly regarded. Sales of these produets there are inereasing. Airplane builders can build to specifieations and by giving quality and value superior to that offered by Eu- ropean manufacturers, build up » trade among private own- ers such as clubs, business men, and sportsmen in Europe. ‘Where European planes have been introdueed in the mili- Continued on page 1020

Page 26

Special Cabin Mailplane Completed By Travel Air Manufacturing Co. A SPECIAL cabin mailplane monoplane was recently com- pleted by the Travel Air Manufacturing Co., Wichita, Kan. It is # conventional biplane with a closed cabin be- ‘tween the wings and an open pilot's cockpit in the rear. Powered with a Wright Whirlwind engine the plane is stated to have a high speed of 115 m.p.h. and a landing speed of 46 mp.h. carrying © payload of 1000 Ib. plus night flying Front quarter view of the special cabin mail plane made by the Travel Air Mfg. Co. equipment weighing approximately 225 lb. The fuselage .x well streamlined with a wide passengers’ compartment, of 66 cu. ft. capacity, covered with a hinged roof and windows at the sides. The pilot’s cockpit in the rear is very roomy, and cowled to protect the pilot as much as possible without im- pairing his vision. The wings are of single bay design with the upper wing slightly larger than the lower one. They are wired and fitted with both navigation and landing lights; the navigation lights are at the tips of the upper wing w! the landing lights are mounted below the wing at the out- board strut points. In the center section of the upper wing are the gasoline tanks with a total capacity of 60 gal. The tanks feed by gravity to the Whirlwind engine fitted with a Hamilton metal propeller. The exhaust manifold is carried below the fuselage and fitted with a heater for the cabin and cockpit. The landing gear is of wide tread with the wheels mounted on struts trussed from the side of the fuselage. Bendix brakes were installed. This plane is understood not to be a standard stock model but design to be built only on special order. The span is 42 ft.; length, 27 ft. 5 in.; height, 10 ft.; and wing area 383 sq. ft. It weighs empty, with night flying equipment, 2140 Tb., and loaded 3600 Ib. Dept. of Commerce Questionnaire Asks Data for Operations Report LL AIRWAY and air service operators, manufacturers, and Private owners of planes have been sent the semi-annual ‘operations questionnaire calling for data to be published in the Department of Commerce Aeronautics Branch report, ac- cording to William P. MacCracken, Jr., assistant secretary of commerce for aeronauties. The information asked includes: miles flown in each kind of flying, passengers flown, passen- ger miles, air transport efficiency, express flown, investment, airplanes in operation, and other items of value. Recipients of these blanks are asked to fill them in and re- turn them as soon es possible. If so requested, the answers of any operator, it is stated, will be kept confidential and used only in compiling general statistics. “Participation in aeronantics, investments, governmental ap- propriations, increased traffic—all are directly influenced by the statistics of the industry,” states Assistant Secretary Mac- Cracken. “Statistics such as these speak for civil air trans- portation and are the silent salesmen of flight.” AVIATION April 16, 1928 Aeronautical Industry is Entered By the National Marine Lamp Co. N AIRCRAFT division has been established by the Na- tional Marine Lamp Co. of Forestville, Conn., which for 20 yr. has manufactured marine lamps, marine hardware, fuel tanks, and various other sheet metal, stamped and cast articles, it has been announced. P. G. Zimmerman, who since 1914 has been actively identified with the aircraft industry, first with the Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Co. at Hammonds- port and Buffalo, then with the Eagle Aircraft Co. at Niles, ©., and with the Acromarine Plane & Motor Co., has been retained in a consulting capacity to start the operation of the new department. It is the intention of the company to first build aircraft parts to the specifications of various manufacturers, and later to develop a line of airport lights. “Our facilities,” states H. W. Armstrong, vice president of the company, “will per- mit us to immediately accept order for gasoline tanks, cowling, and stamped or cast parts. We will shortly,” he continued, “be in a position to manufacture ailerons, rudders, stabilizers, and elevators of heat treated aluminum alloy, and be in a po- sition to build pontoons and boat hulls from that alloy.” J. E. Schaefer Now Sales Manager Of Stearman Company at Wichita ANNOUNCEMENT OF the appointment of J. E. Schaefer ‘as sales manager of the Stearman Aircraft Co., Wichita, Kan., was recently made by Lloyd Stearman, president of the concern. Schaefer, who has had a great deal of experi- ence in sales work, is planning an extensive tour of the coun- try in Stearman plane in order to put the craft before the pal ‘At present, Schaefer is directing the Stearman ex- hibit at the All-American Aircraft Show in Detroit. Following his graduation from West Point in 1917, the new sales manager entered the air service, being trained at the University of Texas and at Kelly Field. Later he was appointed officer in charge of flying and training at Post Field, Fort Sill, Okla. Following his service work, Schaefer entered the automobile tire and accessory sales field. For the past five years he has been associated with the Chrysler company, contacts with owners, dealers, and distributors in this latter capacity hav- ing given him a keen understanding of selling problems. Arkansas Aircraft Co. Reorganized With More Capital and New Name LLOWING A complete reorganization of the concern, the name of the Arkansas Aireraft Co. at Little Rock has been changed to the “Arkansas Aircraft Corp.” New capital has been added to the company, and new officers have been named, the new president being W. F. Moody, formerly the seeretary-treasurer. 'A new test field was recently completed to be used for trial flights of the “Command-Aire” plane manufactured by the company. Two runways about 1,700 ft. in length and run- ning north-south and east-west have been laid out on the field, which adjoins the factory. Rafus R. Rand, Minneapolis air transport man, has ordered a Command-Aire powered with the Ryan-Siemens engine and with all exposed metal of the plane nickel plated. The stand- ard Command-Aire is an open cockpit biplane powered with the OX engine. i April 16, 1928 Lean-to Type Individual Hangar Marketed By Houston Company NAMED THE “Turtlebak” because of its resemblance to the shell of that animal, a new individual hangar has appeared on the market. It is manufactured by the Notrus Hangar Corp. of Houston, Tex. ‘The Turtlebak, as may be seen from the accompanying pho- tograph, tapers toward the ground in the rear thus making the hangar resemble the leap-to shelters constructed by woods- The “Turtlebak” hangar Sac hata by the Notrus Hangar orp. men. The hangar is made of assembled sections joined to- gether by carriage bolts. Anchor bolts imbedded in the con- crete base and flooring fix the strueture solidly to the founda- tion. ‘The construction of Turtlebak hangars employs the herring bone system of bracing, which, it is said, utilizes to the ful- lest extent the strength of the materials used, the interlock- ing being called upon to transmit bending, combined bend- ing, and compression strains rather than tensile and shear strains. The company claims this method of construction to be safer and cheaper than that calling for beams and trusses. Turtlebak and other shaped hangars of the company are manufactured in sections. It is said that the hangars may be assembled on the desired location within 48 br. Standard slate, sheet metal, tin, or other types of roofing may be used, and various types of doors are svailable depending on the locality and weather conditions prevailing in each territory. The Notrus Hangar Corp. was formed but recently. The officers of the company are Harry E. Weaver, president; W- H. Rankin, secretary and treasurer; Theodore Ablborn, vice president; Otis S. Van de Mark, chairman of the board of directors, and Daniel Loeb, director of sales and advertising. The offices are at No. 713 Esperson Bldg., Houston, Tex. Government Gives Russell Mfg. Co. Large Shock Absorber Cord Order RECEIPT OF an order from the War Department Air Corps Materiel Division for 30,000 ft. of 5% in. shock absorber cord has been announced by the Russell Mfg. Co. of Middle- town, Conn., through R. C. Fagan, manager of the Aero De- partment of that firm. A 60 day delivery is to be made. Private orders for cord have also been placed with the Middletown concern by many commercial manufacturing and operating companies in order to take advantage of the quan- tity production entailed in filling the large Government con- tract. The Russell Mfg. Co. also reports, through F. Acker Thomp- son, district manager of the New York sales office, receipt of severs] large orders for Ruseo Aero Rings from prominent turers of commercial and military planes. AVIATION 979 Embry-Riddle Co. at Cincinnati, O., Is Reorganized as Business Grows GROWTH OF the business of the Embry-Riddle Co. at Lunken Airport in Cincinnati has resulted in a reorgani- zation of the company. John Paul Riddle remains as gen- eral manager of the company, but has relinquished many of the detail operations to others. Stanley C. Huffman, chief pilot of the Embry-Riddle air mail line to Chicago, is in charge of all flying as operations officer. The instruction work im the school is also under his supervision. Charles“E. Planck, until recently advertising and publicity man, is now sales manager and is advaneing the company's franchises for Waco and Fairchild planes throughout South. ern Ohio, Eastern Kentucky, and Southwestern Indiana. €. 0. McGuire, a graduate of the school in 1927, is now offies manager, while Samuel ‘Wilds is Flying School secretary, and C. B. Matson, bookkeeper. Okey Bevins serves as assistant operations officer and ai: mail pilot. Warren Vine is instructing and flying the mail. Don Griffith is in charge of the hangars, and Charles Veigel and Charles Wehrung are flying instructors. Ralph R. Graichen, chief designer of the Halpin Develop- ment Co., heads the technical department in the ground school, and he and Walter C. Clayton, assistant designer at Halpin’s, conduct the classes in aerodynamics. Riddle and Huffman teach meteorology, aerial navigation, motors, rig. ging, and air commerce regulations. Find Dolphin Pastes and Cements Suitable in Aircraft Manufacture DOLPHIN PRODUCTS, which are manufactured by The Dolphin Paint and Varnish Co. of Toldeo, O., have beeu found to have many uses in the aeronautical industry. Paints, varnishes, enamels, special pastes, water and gas resisting eo- ments, water and rust-proof cements, ete., are among the products of this company that have been marketed for many years to automobile body builders, boat builders, railroads, and the manufacturers of various items. A water and gas resisting cement manufactured by the Dolphin company is being used in riveted gasoline and water tanks. It is reported that this compound has stood up well under severe tests and gives satisfactory service. Another Dol- phin produet that is being used is a special semi-drying paste that is being used in seaplane float and flying boat bull con- struction. It can be applied in ribbon form with a hand pressure gun and eliminates the use of marine glue and tape. This compound is used between the top of ribs and the dura- lumin plates that are either serewed or bolted on to them. In the construction of airplanes and seaplanes, especially those with closed cabins, many uses are made of Dolphinite water end rust-proof cement. This is a produet that is witie- ly used in the construction of automobile bodies. It can be used to fasten cloth, leather, imitation leather, ete., to steel, wood, or duralumin surfaces. Navy Orders 74 Pursuit Airplanes From Boeing Company at Seattle A CONTRACT for more than $1,000,000 worth of airplanes has been awarded the Boeing Airplane Co. by the Nery Department, according to recent reports, and work on the order has now begun. The contract calls for 74 pursuit planes, most of which are to be assigned to the San Diego base.

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Chamberlin Heads Flying Advisory Board Announced by W. E. Arthur A FLYING Advisory Board consisting of nine leading American pilots, headed by Clarence D. Chamberlin, New York to Germany flier, thas been announced by William E. Arthur, president of the airport construction company of New York City which bears his name. The advisory board will be consulted on matters pertaining to selections of air- port sites, their development, ete. The board members other than Chamberlin are Art Goebel, Floyd Bennett, Bernt Balchen, Bert Acosta, R. W. Depew, Jr, C. S. “Casey” Jones, M. M. Merrill, and H. C. Ferguson. ‘Advice of the board will be especially sought in the devel- opment of the Maine to Forida chain of airports planned by the National Airways Terminals, Inc., of New York, which is headed by William E. Arthur. Aircraft Engineering Co. of Los Angeles Constructing First Plane FTER MONTHS of preliminary engineering the Aireraft Engineering Co., Los Angeles, Calif., is under construc- tion on its first test plane. Jigs and dies are all completed and toois are being assembled with a view to immediate quan- tity production following successful flight tests of this plane. Although the plane now being built is at the Warren School of Aeronanties, a factory building is to be erected beside the warren school that will be equipped, it is said, to turn this model out at the rate of one a day. The plane is of three place biplane design. Both wings have no external flying wires, the upper wing being braced to the fuselage by a double tripod structure at the center and the lower wing being braced to the upper by light N strats near the ends of each wing. The plane is designed to weigh 1450 Ib. light and will have an 800 Ib. useful lond powered with the 1928 10 ey"inder Anzani engine. Jaeger Watch Co. Manufacturing Chronographs for Aircraft Use JAEGER Watch Co. of New York City and Genev, Switzerland, is manufacturing a chronograph that has found many applications in aircraft performance testing a- well as use as a regular service clock. The instrument has = round dial with the outside scale calibrated in fifths of a ‘econd. A single, thin hand points to the numbers on this seale. In addition there is an opening or window on the dial that shows the number of minntes that the clock has been run- ning up to 30 min, when it repeats. In addition there is an inside seale showing the time of day. Jaeger chronographs ‘are supplied with black dials and white or silver bands or fumbers. Luminous hands and numbers may be obtained. L. & H. Aircraft Co. of Hartford Orders 40 More Challenger Planes F[HAT 40 MORE Challenger planes have been ordered by the L. & H. Aireraft Co. of Hartford, Conn., is announced by the Kreider-Reisner Aircraft Co., Inc., of Hagerstown, Ma, manufacturer of the plane. The L. & H. company has already had delivery on seven airplanes called for in pre- Sions orders, states President A. H. Kreider. The L. & H. ‘Aireraft Co. is Challenger distributor in New England. AVIATION April 16, 198 First Three Wasp Engined Fokker 12 Passenger Monoplane Completed (THE ATLANTIC Aircraft Corp., Hasbrouck Heights, N. J., recently completed the first of four Fokker F-10, three 425 hp. Wasp engined monoplanes for the Western Air Ex. press. The plane follows Fokker practice, being a high wing monoplane with one engine mounted on the nose of the fuse lage and one below each wing. The wings are internally braced and of wood construction, using box spars, plywood ribs and Front quarter view of the three engined (Wasp) Fokker F-10 ‘monoplane. plywood covering. The fuselage is of welded steel tubing ered with fabric. It houses a cabin 16 ft. long, 5 ft. wide, and 5 tt. 9 in, high, fitted with 12 heavily upholstered seats. Behind the cabin are three compartments for mail or baggage ‘The total cargo space is 140 cu. ft. In addition there is lavatory fitted with wash basin, running water, ete. In trom of the eabin is a roomy pilot’s cockpit fitted with dual side by side control. Below the pilots’ seats is compartment tor radio or additional baggage. ‘Though the plane is guaranteed to do 145 mp.h. on all three engines it is stated that it made 148 mph. with fall load during its trial flights. With two engines it is stated to have a high speed of 122 m.p-h. and a cruising speed of 104 m.p.b. It climbs 1420 f.p.m. on three engines and 640 tp.m. on two engines. The F-10 weighs 6550 Ib. empty and has a disposable load of 4950 Ib. which includes a payload of 2640 Yb. giving a total weight of 11,500 Ib, Additional specifications will be found in the table of specifieation: printed elsewhere in this issue. A detailed description of the plane will appear in e of AVIATION. Three Engined Junkers with 103 Ft. Wing Span Lands at Croyden THREE engined Junkers monoplane recently arrived st Croyden Airdrome, England, where it exeited much inter This plane, a G-31 powered with thre and comment. The three engined Junkers G-31 monoplane. Gnome et Rhone 450 hp. engines, has a span of 103 ft. length of 55 ft. It weighs 17,000 Ib. loaded and has a hig speed of 125 m.p.h. Accommodations are provided in te eabin for 15 people. In addition to the normal seats, folding berths are provided for night flying. Like all Junkers mone planes it is of low wing design and of all metal construction. being built almost entirely of duralumin. April 16, 1928 Post Office Department Issues Rulings on Air Mail Sent Abroad PECIAL STATEMENTS issued by the U. S. Post Office Department rale that ‘air mail posted in this country but addressed to points in Europe must carry U. S. stamps to cover the air mail rontes of this country, while air mail posted here, addressed to Europe, and destined to pass over a Euro- pea:! air mail route must have the entire postage represented in U. S. stamps. The only ease in which foreign stamps are used for articles mailed in this country to be carried by air abroad is on mat- ter addressed to Colombia, S. A. to be carried by air mail after reaching Barranquilla. A number of foreign countries have availed themselves of the air mail service now in operation in the United States, viz: Austria, Belgium, Canada, China, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Hongkong, Irish Free State, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Nether- lands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the Society Islands. In these countries, the fee for air mail service upon arrival in the United States may be put on in foreign postage. Cana- da and Cuba require the postage on letters to be earried by air in the United States to be prepaid in United States stamps. Mexico allows United States air mail fee to be prepaid in either domestic or United States postage. All other countries require the air mail fee to be prepaid by stamps issued in the country concerned. Persons using international air mail ser- viees should inquire at post offices for rates. Extend American Railway Express Air Service Over Three Airways (AIR EXPRESS service of the American Railway Express Co. will now be extended to three other airways, that company recently announced. The three lines to cooperate with the express company are the Northwest Airways operat- ing between Chicago and the Twin Cities, the Embry-Riddle line between Chieago and Cincinnati, and the Chicago-St. Louis route. Under the new schedules, shipments sent from New York City at 7 P.M. will reach St. Paul and Minneapolis at 11:39 and 11:40 A.M., respectively, next day. Shipments consigned to Indianapolis and Cincinnati will be carried to Chicago over the National Air Transport line and will then be sent from that city by air for forenoon delivery in the southerly Indians and Ohio cities. Rate per pound for shipments from New York to Indian- apolis and Cincinnati will be $1.60 and to the Twin Cities $2, A one pound charge will be the minimum. Incorporation in Delaware Begun By Ryan Mechanics Monoplane Co. F12VING PLANNED expansion, the Ryan Mechanies Mono- plane Co., builder of the “Lone Eagle,” has begun incor- poration under the laws of Delaware with » capital of $200,- 000. ‘The name of the new corporation, which is being backed by prominent Los Angeles business men, is the Federal Air- craft Corp. _Tramedinte construction is to begin, according to plans, on six new all steel-tube planes of the “Lone Eagle” type. The Officers of the company remain the same as that of the Ryan Mechanies Monoplane Co. with the exception of the treasurer —O. R. MeNeel, president; H. W. Hunbold, vice president; Fred C. Ayars, seeretary; and C. R. L. Crenshaw, treasurer. AVIATION 81 Regular Portland-Spokane Service Being Begun by Mamer Company JREGULARLY SCHEDULED passenger service between Portland, Ore, and Spokane, Wash. by way of Colum- bia Gorge Airway through the Cascade Mountains is being instituted by the Mamer Flying Service of Spokane, N. J3, Mamer, pilot and head of the company, has announced. Two round trips a week will be run. A Buhl cabin monoplane piloted by Clarence Paulsen will be used in the service. Flying time will be about three and one-half hours, while fares will be $30 one way and $50 round trip. Way stops will be made according to demand. Goldendale, Wash., on the line of the service is ripening plans for the establishment of a suitable airport, the loval chamber of commerce and the American Legion being the ganizations most active in support of tne project. Options on ground for the field and pledges of subscriptions to an airport fund have been obtained. The campaign for the port was started last year following the Spokane Air Derby. Gates Flying Circus, Newark, N. J., To Distribute Challenger Airplanes ISTRIBUTION RIGHTS for the Challenger airplanes _ in Northern New Jersey and Southern New York inelud- ing the metropolitan New York area were recently awarded to the Gates Flying Cirens and Aviation Corp. of Newark, N. J., by the Kreider-Reisner Aireraft Co. of Hagerstown, ‘Mad., manufacturer. An order of five Challengers was immedi- sinly extered, the pew planes to bo brought to Tetexhovo Air Heights, N. J., which is the i Port, E alii is the operations base Joseph Ferraro, Dover, N. J., automobile desler, will re- ceive the first plane, a craft equipped with pontoons. Ferraro will use his Challenger for sightseeing trips at Lake Hopat- cong, where he obtaind exclusive passenger carrying rights. Northrup Company of Minneapolis Named Ryan Airplane Distributor ‘THE NORTHRUP Airplane Co. of Minneapolis, distributor of the American Eagle planes, has been selected by the B. F. Mahoney Aireraft Corp. of San Diego, Calif., as a dis- tributor of the Ryan monoplanes. Delivery of the first Ryan Brougham was recently made, Leon DeLong piloting the roono- plane to Minneapolis from the San Diego factory with Mr. and Mrs. C. 8. Yarnell, Jr., as passengers. C. S. Yarnell, Jr., is viee president of the company, which is headed by Murvin A. Northrup, while DeLong is chief pilot. President Northrup is now making an extensive tour of Europe in order to study airport and airline operation abroad. land and on the Continent. Sidney, N. Y., Field is Temporarily Closed Scintilla Company Reports NOTICE HAS been given by the Scintilla Magneto Co., ~" Ine., of Sidney, N: ¥., that th landing field at that: city is temporarily unavailable for landings and take offs of' air- planes. An increase in the size of the airport and other field improvements are being begun, and it is expected that the field will be in good shape for use by Aug. 1.

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To Hold Northwest Aircraft Show At St. Paul Airport April 26 to 28 ‘HE FIRST Annual Northwest Aircraft Show is to be held at the St. Paul Municipal Airport April 26-28, acco: to a recent announcement. The show is under the direction of the Aircraft Association of Minnesota which was recently formed by 11 aeronautical companies in that state. Harold L. Rothschild, secretary of the Roth-Downs Airways, Inc., of St. Paul, Norman Warsinke of the Mohawk Aircraft Corp., and Mark Hurd of the Mid-Plane Sales & Transit Co. are chairmen in charge. Exhibits to be Housed in Hangar Exhibits will be housed in the main hangar at the St. Paul airport where it will be convenient to view the ¢ well as note the flying qualities of the show entries by 180 ft, terit has been erected adjoining the hangar to in- crease display space. In addition to the exhibits by the local distributors, manu- facturers, ete., several displays will be brought from the All- American Show in Detroit. These will include a number of new production planes that have recently entered the field, instruments, engines, and plane accessories, and a few of the well known engines as well as some of those that were just placed in produetion. Preceding and during the three days of the show, talks will be given by men prominent in the industry, the leading down- town theatres of both cities will show films of historical and educational value pertaining to aviation, newspapers will co- operate by special feature sections, announcements will be broadcast from local stations and attractively arranged win- dow displays will be shown. Formation Flight a Feature of the Show The aircraft exhibition will be officially opened by a for- mation flight of every available plane in the Northwest led by a triengined Ford transport over Minneapolis and St. Paul and returning to the starting point at the St. Paul airport. Included in the features of interest will be the demonstratious of night flying equipment, parachute jumping, sightseeing trips in the air at night over the Twin Cities, flying exhibi- tions by well known pilots, and exhibitions showing how Or- pheus Radios will be delivered via the parachute route from Travel Airs in flight. Some of the distributors, manufacturers and operators who will exhibit planes are: Eaglerock, Minnesota Aircraft Co. of Minneapolis; Waco, Pioneer Airways of St. Paul; Travel Air and Driggs Dart, Roth-Downs Airways, Inc., of St. Paul; ‘American Eagle and Ryan Brougham, Northrop Airplane Co. of Minneapolis; Fairchild Cabin Monoplane, Mid-Plane Sales & Transit Co. of Minneapolis; Mohawk Pinto low wing mono- plane, Mohawk Aircraft Corp. of Minneapolis. The North- west Airvays, Ine., will have one of their Stinson-Detroiter mail planes on display as well as the Laird Commercial C-240, that was used by “Speed” Holman during his winning of the Class A Air Derby from New York to Spokane during the past September and in establishing several continuous loop- ing records. Several other makes will be in evidence, some of whose showing will be dependent on arrangements pending with the exhibitors at the All-American Show. The Minneapolis Civie and Commerce Association, the St. Paul Association and several other leading organizations in the Twin Cities have approved the show and are cooperating with the committee to assure its success. AVIATION April 16, 19m Call for New Orleans-Border and St. Louis-Omaha Mail Route Bids ROPOSALS FOR bids on three alternate air mail routs between New Orleans and the Mexican Border connecting at New Orleans with the Atlanta-New York route have bee: issued by Postmaster General New, returnable May 11. In another statement, Postmaster General New announced that invitations for bids on an air mail route from St. Louis to Kansas City are being recalled, since new bids are being asked to extend this route to Omaha, Neb. The New Orleans-Mexican Border line will go direct to Houston, Tex. From Houston it may go to San Antonio, Laredo, or to Brownsville, via Corpus Christi, depending apor the location of the Mexican Border terminal and other cir cumstance. Under the proposed schedule, planes from New Orleans carrying New York and Boston mail would arrive in Houston about 3 P.M. and at the Border about dark. The substituted St. Louis-Kansas City-Omaha route would connect with the transcontinental airway in such a way that St. Louis and Kansas City air mail would be greatly expedited to West Coast and intervening cities. New Corporation in Meriden, Conn., Represents Three Plane Companies GENERAL COMMERCIAL acronauties will be entered by the Meriden Aircraft Corp. of Meriden, Conn., which was recently organized. The company will have the agency in thst district for the Fairchild, Swallow, and Challenger planes. One of the latter airplanes has already been purchased by the company for commercial use. According to plans, the city’s landing field in South Meri- den will be used as a base of operations for the present, and if a suitable lease can be obtained, permanent headquarters will be etsablished there. Emest Berns of Kankakee, Ill., has been appointed chief pilot of the Meriden Aireraft Corp. Berns has been actively engaged in’ commercial air transportation for the last four years, and it is stated that he holds all lieenses issued by the Department of Commerce. Berns will act as instructor in the company’s school. The officers of the corporation are C. J. Danaher, president; Leon Englehart and Andrew Kowalsky, vice president D. Elster, treasurer, and Norman O. Huneven, secretary. Huff Daland Company Will Engage In Photography and Sell Airplanes NNOUNCEMENT HAS been made by the Huff Daland Dusters, Inc., of Monroe, La., that it has entered into the field of aerial photography in conjunetion with the Fairchild Aerial Service, Ine., whom it will represent in the State of Louisiana. The company has also announced that it will dis tribute the Travel Air planes in that state as well as use them in teaching aerial agricultural dusting. Edgar N. Gott, president of the Keystone Aircraft Corp. is also president of Huff Daland Dusters, Inc. while L. W- Townsend is treasurer for both concerns. Harold R. Harris is vice president in charge of operations; C. E. Woolman, vice president in charge of sales; and Irwin E. Auerbach is sec retary and controller. April 16, 1928 AVIATION 983 SAFETY SDEED DAY=LOAD B w The triumph of Bellancas in every efficiency competition entered; the Col- umbia’s flight to Germany, and Floyd Bennett’s statement that Commander Byrd’s new Bellanca handles easier than any ship he ever had flown, attest air attributes of which every Bellanca owner can be justly proud. To attain such air-worthiness requires something more than merely fine material and precise workmanship. That some- thing more is pure design with safety and pay load superiority the practical objec- tives. Safety is assured by the remarkable balance of the ship. Of equal im- portance is the Bellanca Cantilever, Axle Type, landing gear which sturdily with- stands any unusual strain. Realizing that TELMEINETORN most crash casualities are caused by a weakening of fuselage members, Mr. Bellanca nullifies that hazard by build- ing 2 fasclags bin oi Protection to passengers and pilot. The range of the Bellanca CH (powered by a 200 h.p. Wright engine) at a cruising speed of 110 miles an hour, is 800 miles when the plane carries its full useful load of 1850 pounds. This high cruising speed, besides being of added commercial advantage, constitutes a safety factor for with increased speed, proportionately greater stability in flight is assured. Truly, the Bellanca CH is the very spirit of rugged fleetness caught in grace- ful lines which emulate its safe, swift flight. a ELLANCA AIRCRAFT CORPORATION DELAWARE RANGE i

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Pa AVIATION Aprit 16, 1915 Ip 4Pril 16, 1928 AVIATION 985 AIRPLANE Adjustable to the “personality”—the move- ment and vibration—of every ship. Every make of ship, and every ship of a given make, has its own period and vibration charac- teristics. The Pioneer Magnetic Compass is found on practically every make of ship—because it is so constructed that it can be adjusted to function perfectly under widely varying conditions. In 100000 this feature, it is unique. America’s most famous pilots are guided by the Pioneer Magnetic Compass. Write us for full information. ooooo0o0000 : (t 2Va Aud xs PIONEER INSTRUMENT COMPAN 754 LEXINGTON AVE.BROOKLYN NEW YO! P c Chae CORPORATION : Aine ease Couk AS JARVIS ST., TORONTO == General European Reprenen _ e MLCALDERARA == = AR BISMUEMONTAIGNE - - PARIS -- faze 00. san PeDao, LOS ANGELES - 1S SPEANST, SAN FRANCISCO - ©7 BOVLEVARD ST. DRICMEL. PARTS = STERNPLATE 4, JOMAMMISTHAL-DERL Ce ———_ = Rae noc re AVIATION

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986 AVIATION Extensive Excavating Work Done On the Oakland Municipal Airport EXTENSIVE EXCAVATING operations have been carried out at the Oakland, Calif., Municipal Airport in which draglines, trucks, a P & H ditching machine, a caterpillar tractor, and a specially designed grader and scarifier are be- ing used. Lying north of the main runway is a deep ditch, which is being tiled to serve as the drain for the field. Cross Showing the caterpillar tractor and special grader being used in excavating the Oakland Municipal Airport. ditehes at intervals running north and south from the main diteh intersect the field, providing rapid drainage of the en- tire field during wet weather. A new caterpillar tractor and a specially designed grader and scarifier built to the specifications of the airport engi- neers have recently been purehased by the Municipal Airport for various uses in the construction project. The caterpillar is used in dragging the three-quarter ton sections of concrete drain pipe to the various points along the main drainage ditch and in operating a seraper in backfilling the ditch after the pipe has been laid. The machine was built by the Spears- Wells Machinery Co. of Oakland. Dept. of Commerce Has Approved Boeing Model 40B and Lincoln-Page ‘TWO MORE airplane types have been approved according to a recent Department of Commerce bulletin. They are: 27. The Boeing Airplane Co.'s Model 40B land plane powered with Pratt & Whitney 525 hp. engine; and 28. The Lincoln Aireraft Co. Lincoln-Page biplane powered with the Curtiss OX-5 engine. The first 21 types approved were listed in the Feb. 13 issue of Aviation, while numbers 22-26 were listed in the March 19 issue. Sponge-Like Rubber Now Made In Chicago is Useful in Aircraft [E C/M Co. of America, Chicago, Il., is manufacturing a light, shock absorbing rubber product which has found many applications in aircraft. C/M Rubber foam (caout- choue-mousse) appears to resemble sponge rubber being made up of an infinite number of small chambers of very small vol- ume. It has one quarter the weight of sponge rubber and is softer and more pliant. It is waterproof and will float. Many aircraft manufacturers abroad are using it and it appears to be gaining in usage in the United States. It is used chiefly for padding against vibration and noise, as well as forming April 16, 1928 an excellent material for seat cushions. Other uses include padding of cockpits against shock and lining the walls to provide an insulating material to keep out extreme tempera tures. The substance floats as well as acting as an insulator finding use in the lining of flying clothing. According to the manufacturer, a flying suit of this material has sufficient buoyancy to keep two men afloat. Bernard Air Lines Formed in Ohio For Sales, Service, and Teaching PIEADED BY J. H. Bernard of the lumber company of that name, the Bernard Air Lines has been formed in Youngs. town, 0. William D. Smith, pilot at Watson Field, will have charge of field service, student work, and passenger flights for the company. Bernard Air Lines will act as distributor of one of the light commercial planes now on the market. Instruc- tion, regular passenger flights, and sight-seeing tours will be offered by the company. A flying field has been purchased three miles east of the business section of Youngstown on the Youngstown-New Cas- tle Road, and the contract for a hangar, upon which work has already begun, has been given to the Truscon Steel Co. Hangar space, gas, oil, repairs, telephone serviee, and over- night accommodations will shortly be offered here. The lo- cation of the buildings and design of the runway are credited to Lieut. C. J. Schuemacher, F. airport architect now with the Owsley Co. of Youngstown. Air Mail Poundage on Pacific Air Transport Route Shows Increase IR MAIL on the Paeifie Air Transport eoastwise route for tke first 22 flying days of February totalled 6362 Ib., as compared with 5788 1b. for the corresponding period in Janu- ary—an increase of 574 Ib. This year’s February mail thus far shows an increase of 2227 Ib. over the corresponding period of February, 1927. Four new Boeing four passenger eabin planes are nearine completion at the Boeing Airplane Co’s factory in Seattle and will be ready for the coast service between Seattle and Los Angeles about April 1, according to an announcement by A. K. Humphries, vice president and general manager of the line. These planes are being built to the same specifications as those followed in the construetion of the Boeing transcon- tinental planes, except that the passenger cabin will seat four, and some detail improvements have been added. Plan Complete New York-Atlanta Airway Weather Report Service COMPLETE weather reporting and communications sys tem similar to those now in operation on several civil airways in the United States is planned for the New York- Atlanta airway to be opened this month, the Aeronautics Branch of the Department of Commerce recently announced. ‘An inspection trip over the entire route was recently made by Thomas H. Chapman of the Airways Division and W. B. Gregg, chief of the Aerological Section of the Weather Bur- eau. They recommended a new upper air station at Greens boro, N. C., for weather observations for the use of pilots flying over the Atlanta route. ‘The Weather Bureau now maintains complete serological stations at Hadley Airport, Cleveland Airport, and Cicero Field at Chicago. A new acrological station has also been established recently at the Salt Lake City Airport. April 16, 1928 AVIATION fo (\zHirise Tue Boeing Airplane Company is planning for that time, which is eventually coming, when air- planes will be an accepted mode of speedy transportation, rather than the un- A staff of fifty to sixty aeronautical engineers, constantly employed in research, gives some indication of the extent to which the future is receiving attention. This research is evolving economies in produétion .... greater safety .... lower oper- ating costs ....higher speeds. Boeing Airplane Co. Seattle, Washington Mail by Air and Speed it There 987

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aces notnn marine teomrrrsites iowa, AVIATION April 16, 1928 April 16, 1928 AVIATION IHE factor of safety in aviation motor performance, now de- veloped to a point which as- tounds nonliers, must not lull us into a sense of false security. For air safety there is no such thing as a bearing that is too good. Lindbergh and the Spirit of St. Louis have demonstrated the supreme re- liability of both Hoffmann and Norma Bearings — they are part of the safety factor which justify him in proclaiming the absence of personal danger. Who wants any flier to be less well guarded? NORMA HOFFMANN BEARINGS CORPORATION Stamford, Connecticut

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990 Report for 1927 of Gates Flying Circus Shows 48,695 Flew Safely RECORD of transporting 48,695 persons by airplanes which flew 377,716 mi. without injury to pilots or pa sengers, was established in 1927 by The Gates Flying Circus & Aviation Corp. of New Jersey, according to its annual re- port to the United States Department of Commerce, Division of Acronauties, it was recently announced. Offices of t company are at 870 Broad St., Newark, and 140 3 Lodi, N. J. A total of 1,078,932 passenger miles also was recorde figure was obtained by multiplying the mileage of ea plane by the number of passengers carried. Aviators and flying enthusiasts who contend that ae nsportati as safe if not safer than other forms, described the fi as proof of the statement. They pointed out that this is equal to flying one passenger from New York to San ciseo some 430 times without injur; tres ecord, The flying covered in the 1927 report ineInded passenger and school operations at Teterboro Airport, Hasbrouck Heights, N. J., as well as the flying cirens touring the nation under the direction of the American Society for Promotion of Aviation. The report recorded 304 hr. teaching students, 5,246 hr 18 hr. of passenger flying, one hour of aerial photography exhibition work, and 816 hr. of cross-country travel. One death was reported, that of a professional “dare-devil” engaged in “stunt” work. He was an acrobat, not a pilot Accident losses for the entire ir tots d $5,500. Flying equipment used included eight four-passenger planes, on two-passenger plane, and a single passenger plane—a tiny Bellanca formerly flown by Clarence Chamberlin, Ski Landing Gear on Byrd Plane Tested in Heavy Canadian Snow JN ORDER to test the use of a ski landing gear under heavy snow conditions on the Bi oY to be used in the Byrd Antaretie Expedition, F Bennett and Bernt Balchen recently flew the South Pole monoplane to the Fair- child Lac a la Tortue Airport of Fairchild Aviation, Ltd., Grand’mere, Province of Quebee, Canad a dozen flights were made off the lake on’ the ski ment proving successful. The monoplane was flown back to St. Albans, Vt., the day where a wheel gear was substituted for the skis pri the return trip to New York. Mr. Mulroy of the Antare- tie Polar Flight, Mr. Weatherby of the Wright Acronautical Corp., and a New York Times reporter accompanied Bennett da. and Balehen on the flight to Cans Advance Aircraft Co. Begins Use Of Ryan-Siemens as OX Days Fade COINCIDENT WITH the announcement of an inerease of $500 in the price of the Waco 10 equipped with the Cur tiss OX-5 engine, officials of the Advance Aircraft Co., Troy O., stated the end of the OX engine is A stoek of 300 of these power plants was fortunately picked up recently, it was reported, but these will soon be gone. With the 300 engines promising only a supply for a few months, the company has already started quantity production of the Waco using the Ryan-Siemens engine. Several other American power plants however will be tested in the near future by the Advance company. AVIATION April 16, 1928 National Air Transport Airplanes Cover Total of 5,800 Mi. a Day NATIONAL AIR Transport planes now fly approximately 5,800 mi. in 24 hr., of which about 3,500 mi. are flown at night. Since May 12, 1926, when operations were begun over the 995 mi. Chicago-Dallas route, its planes have flown a total of nearly 2,000,000 mi. Passengers are earried in the day planes between Chicago and Kansas City on a regular sche- dule, making intermediate stops at Moline, UL, for the quad- cities of Moline, Rock Island, East Moline, IIL, and Davenport, Ta., and at St. Joseph, Mo. Passengers with bonafide reasons for making such a trip when space is available for them, are earried in the mail pl: between New York and Chicago. None of the scores of passengers carried by National Air Transport have ever suffered injury. The 25 pilots of National Air Transport, it was computed some time ago, had spent an aggregated sum of 88,218 hr. in the air. Considering the average speed of an air transport plane as 100 mj these pilots’ time in the air would be equivalent to 8,821,800 mi. The Detroit and Tulsa extensions will, when put into opera- tion, inerease N.A.T.’s daily flying to slightly above 6,000 mi, Seven Airway Lighting Projects Are to be Completed by June 30 SEVEN LIGHTING installation projects on airway routes in the United States remain to be completed by June 30, end of the fiseal year for the Department of Commeree, ac. cording to the program outlined by Capt. C. F. Hingsburg, chief engineer of the Airways Division, Aeronauties Branch These are installation of ighting San Francisco to Redding on the San Franciseo-Seattle Airw: 'y and San Francisco to Blue Canyon on the San Francisco-Salt Lake completion of the survey of the Louisville-Cleveland nd installation of lighting equipment, installation of lighting equipment from Viekery to Detroit on the Cleveland- Detroit Airways, survey of the Blue Canyon to Salt Lake Sec- tion of the San Franciseo-Salt Lake Airways, survey of the Apex to Salt Lake Seetion of the Los Angeles-Salt Lake Airways, survey of the Mobile to Atlanta section of the New Orleans-Atlanta Airways, and survey from Tulsa to Fema City. Winnesheik Flying Club Recently Formed by La Crosse, Wis., Men AT A recent meeting, a group of aviation enthusiasts of La Crosse, Wis., organized the Winnesheik Flying Club. Officers were elected, by-laws adopted, and contraets signed by the members, 5 Membership in the Winnesheik Flying Club consists of three types: class “A” includes those who are interested from a promotional standpoint; class “B”, those who are ready to take the ground course and learn to fly at a later date; and class “C”, those who are to take a pilot's course immediately. A new plane of the popular OX-5 engined commercial type will be purchased. Officers are now negotiating for the ser- vices of a pilot instructor. The club has already taken promotional steps by painting markers on various roof tops, in keeping the airport in shape, and by entertaining visiting fliers. Detailed information for prospective members may be had by writing to Winnesheik Flying Club at La Crosse. April 16, 1928 me IS ZID1 AVIATION 2 ene! fre of commer aaa Morey. ot Man 23 10 GET “NESS. $100,000 WORTH SWALLOW PLANES § 60 TO CHICAGOAN Frank L. Barchard Purchases 35 Stock Model Biplance 8 SWALLOWS 60 « “o BIG AIRWAYS ¥: CONCERN IN EAST P°'Sarchard. of Chicago, on Saye Biglan Sore ne teem Motors, Victor, Ri ‘Be Power i rae Types of WILL BE ENLARGED BEFORE APRIL FIRST Directors Authorize $30,000 Building Program at Yer | terday's Meeting Yet two new factory build Aig ae Zone, Serbting, Tele te onina” TRE Sine. fs to More Sales and Profits Publie Demand and Public Preference un- questionably belong to the SWALLOW— ‘America’s Pioneer Commercial Airplane. SWALLOW has behind it the benefit of ears of successful manufacturing expe- rience. Through these years, SWALLOW has been able to develop features of performance, ‘as well as safety, which have culminated in the remarkable staunchness and peerless perform- ance of the present day SWALLOW. It is only logical that keen business men, of means and commercial ability, who have dur- ing the recent past, and who are at the present time entering the business as dealers and dis- tributors, should prefer a plane with the span of years of successful building back of it, that SWALLOW alone can offer. See the new SWALLOWS at the All-Ameri- can Aircraft Show at Detroit—but if you are planning to become a dealer, don’t wait until then to find out whether your territory is open. DO IT NOW—a wire is the quickest and safest, and will bring full details of the bigger money- making SWALLOW deaier’s franchise. Victor H. Roos, General Manager SWALLOW AIRPLANE COMPANY Wichita, Kansas 992

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Sech AVIATION April 16, 1928 OW Gasdaa Contributes Processes which add to the safety of flying— products which keep pace with the mounting demands of a rapidly growing industry—will make the Goodrich exhibit of genuine interest to all who visit the Show. Here you will see the largest airplane tire ever built —a Goodrich Silvertown. Here you will find the new Goodrich safety tread Silvertowns for airplanes. ‘The Vulcalock process, used exclusively by Good- rich, has opened new possibilities of safety and en- durance, by making rubber adhere inseparably to wood or metal. This process will be another inter esting feature of the Show. Visit the Goodrich Booth—and see how rubber is helping aviation. Tue B. F. Goopricn Russer Company, Akron, Ohio Established 1870 Pacific-Goodrich Rubber Company, Los Angeles, Calif. In Canada: Canadian Goodrich Company, Kitchener, Ont. April 16, 1928 AVIATION 993 to Aviation — at the cAll-American Air Craft Show DETROIT APRIL L4x7 tO 2ZIsr & (,004 rich Rubber Fifins

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994 AVIATION Aero Club at Little Rock Teaches Its Members Flying at Low Cost AN AVIATION club within the reach of the $25 a week salaried young man has been organized in Little Rock, Ark. The initiation fee in this club for the charter members is only $25. Instruction is to be paid for at the rate of $5 per hour, and the plane is to be rented by soloists at the same price. ‘The club was organized with 40 charter members, each pay- ing the admission fee of $25. For its instructors, it has ob- tained W. A. Miller, former naval pilot, and Lieut. James C. ‘Youngblood, of the 154th Observation Squadron, Arkansas National Guard. Miller is giving his work to the club in or- der to open potential markets for the planes of which he is representative. Youngblood, who has other sustaining ocen- pations, is charging practically nothing for his servi Classes in aerodynamics, and other theoretical instruction are held every night so that it is possible for all members to attend. The club has leased a field for its own private use. ‘This field is 48 neres of level land, with a clear approach in ail directions. Tt was necessary for the elub to buy an old production plane in order to keep the cost from being prohibitive. All members of the club are less than 25 yr. of age. Several of them are enlisted in the 154th Observation Squadron. Adver- tising in the Little Rock papers was given to the club by one of its members, the owner and manager of a radiator repair shop. Camden, N. J., Plans a Three Day National Air Meet for May 25-27 ‘AMDEN’S THREE day National Air Meet to be held late in May will be featured by a cross-country, “On-to-Cam- den”, non-stop flight, according to an announcement by offi- cials of the Camden Chamber of Commerce and the South Jersey Aviation Club, joint sponsors of the meet, ‘A first prize of $2,000 or $2,500 is being considered for the non-stop flight into Camden, according to Loyal D. Odhner, secretary of the chamber, and Maj. Earl A. Cryne, president of the Aviation Club. There also will be other cash awards and racing events. The Moro-Philips tract on the east. side of Cooper River and fronting on State St. will be used for the meet. The meet will be held May 25-27. Friday, May 25, has been designated as “Boys’ Day” with model airplane racing and other such features. Saturday will be “Racing Day”, the fin- ish of the “On-to-Camden” flight being scheduled for that time. “Exhibition Day” will be observed on Sunday May 2 Such phases of commercial aviation as aerial photograph: forestry patrol, Army and Navy flying and maneuvers, cot- ton dusting, air mail services, cross-country transport, new developments in aireraft and cabin planes, seaplanes, new commercial planes, airport lighting installations, and aircraft accessories will be featured. “Exhibition Day” also will be featured by parachute jumps and other stunts. Although the educational exhibits now un- der consideration will be featured on the third day of the meet, they will be open for inspection on each of the three days. ‘The United States Navy dirigible, Los Angeles, is expected to make the flight from Lakehurst on at least one of the three days and arrangements are being made to secure sev- eral smaller dirigibles. ‘Among those receiving special invitations are Col. Charles A. Lindbergh, Ruth Elder, Clarence D. Chamberlin, “Eddie” April 16, 1928 Rickenbacker, Lieut. Lester J. Maitland, Art Goebel, “Eddie” Stinson, Brock and Schlee, Orville Wright, Glenn Curtiss, Lieut. Comar. Charles D. Rosenthal, captain of the Los An. geles; Lieut. Comdr. Richard E. Byrd, and also many of the country’s World War “aces”. Governor A. Harry Moore will be asked to represent the State of New Jersey. The cooperation of aviation enthusiasts throughout Southern New Jersey will be sought, the support of several communities having been promised by representa- tives of those communities. ‘The meet will be held under the sanction of the National Aeronautic Association. The educational exhibit will be stressed and, according to preliminary plans, will be located at the entrance to the Moro-Philips tract. ‘The entire mect will be conducted along educational lines, its chief purpose being to acquaint the average citizen of the amazing strides aviation has been making and to promote aviation in general throughout Southern New Jersey. A Committee of 50 Members The meet will be financed under a plan outlined by Mr. Odbner. It provides for contributions by business men and merchants of Camden and Camden County. A committee of 50 members of the South Jersey Aviation Club will be formed under the chairmanship of Mr. Odhner to eanvass the ecomma- nity. The committee held its first meeting recently at the chamber of commerce and will make its first report at the next monthly meeting of the club. Other committees will be named at the meeting, including those for prize donations, program, advertising and publicity, management, rules, and concessions. Lieut. C. Vietor Williams has been appointed chairman of a committee to interview Mayor Price of Camden to ask the city’s cooperation in having the Moro-Philips traet placed in shape for the meet. The tract has airplane runways of 1,500 to 1,800 ft., with excellent unobstructed approaches, All that is required is the cutting of weeds and some slight leveling. ‘The field is flat and dry. The financial goal is between $6,400 and $10,000. This is expected to cover all expenses. California Publishes State Airport Booklet Showing 58 Landing Fields ‘THE AERONAUTICAL committee of the California De- velopment Association has, through the cooperation of local chambers of commerce, published a most useful booklet entitled “Airplane Landing Fields of California”, which seribes the landing facilities in that state. Fifty-eight landing fields are listed, one page being devoted to a deseription of the field and another giving a sketch showing the field’s shape in relation to the town. The book is mimeographed and bound in loose leaf form so that additions ean be made. Each deseription printed gives the size of the field, its ele- vation, the condition of the ground, dangerous obstacles in the neighborhood, and hangar, gas, oil, and telephone facili- ties as well as prevailing wind condition. In looking over the data supplied, it would appear that the majority of the fields are municipally controlled. Many of the landing places listed are not yet developed, being small in size and lacking hangars. More than half the number, however, have runways over 2,000 ft. in length and have one or more hangars. ‘The aeronautical committee of the California Development Association is to be congratulated on issuing this booklet of such great value to fliers travelling through California. The state has set a good example which might well be followed by aeronautical committees elsewhere. April 16, 1928 AVIATION Standard Steel Propeller for Low Horsepower Engines HE = Standard Steel Propeller Company has for the past two years experimented with a propeller suitable for engines of 90 to 110 horsepower. Neither time nor money has been spared to get information necessary for the develop- ment of a propeller that would be the most efficient ever made for engines of this size. The propeller pictured above is the result of this conscientious research. This propeller has successfully passed the whirling test at Wright Field’ Day- ton, Ohio. It was whirled at 100 percent overload, and reports of the test have proven that it is satisfactory in every way. Vibra- tion in the plane has been eliminated and the efficiency of the propeller is greater than any other now in use. The same principles have been carried out in the manufacture of this propeller as in the famous Standard Steel Propeller for greater horsepower, which have helped to make aeronautical history in the past. STANDARD STEEL PROPELLER COMPANY General Offices & Works, West Homestead, Pennsylvania SSS —£—E_—_—_—__E_=_=—=_—

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996 AVIATION April 16, 1928 People keep right on buying Srest-O Mite DISSOLVED ACETYLENE Because they have confidence in a product that has been manufactured for 23 years. But mainly because it is the most reliable and economical fuel for oxy-acetylene welding and cutting. THE PREST-O-LITE COMPANY, INC. Unit of Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation cc} General Offices: Carbide and Carbon Building 30 East 42d St., New York 37 Plants—102 Warehouses April 16, 1928 AVIATION Keeping out poor welds The best welds can be made only with the best welding rod. It is a plain case of metallurgy. That’s why Oxweld welding rod is manu- factured to meet rigid specifications. Not only is chemical analysis specified but actual welding tests are made with every lot of rod before it is stamped with the Oxweld trademark. OXWELD ACETYLENE COMPANY Unit of Union Carkide and Carbon Corboration New York Gry, 30.424 St. [a] STOCKS IN 41 crTtes Cuicaco, 3642 Jasper Place San Francisco, 8th & Brannan Sts. In Canava, Dominion Oxygen Company, Ltd., Toronto WELDING AND CUTTING APPARATUS 97

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998 AVIATION Atkinson Aviation Co., Gary, Ind., Offers Full Aeronautical Courses ULL FLYING and mechanics courses are being offered by the Atkinson Aviation Co. School of Aeronautics at Gary, Ind., a few miles south of Chieago. instructor and head of the company. Many students are reported to be taking instruction in airplane mechanies, welding, and construetion as well as in L. H. Atkinson is chief

Students of the Atkinson School working in the school shop. flying. ‘The company announces it is doing business in all aeronautical branches. Joy flying, exhibitions, and cross-coun try trips are offered, while airplanes and engines are bought, sold, exchanged, repaired, or rebuilt according to order. L. H. Atkinson, a veteran flier, is credited with many hund- reds of hours in the air. He has won places in three ational races and has been appointed official contest committee rep resentative of the N.A.A. for issuing F.A.I. certifieates in his district.

Tabulation Shows California and New York Have Most Airplanes JS NUMBER of planes, California heads the list with New York second, according to the tabulation of 2,715 airplane: thus far licensed, itentified, or given temporary numbers pend- ing inspection out of the total of 4,555 applicatio: eived by the Department of Commerce Aeronautics Branch up to March. ‘The Department of Commerce tabulation follows:

Licensed Identified Temporary Numbers NEW YORK 118 72 73 ILLINOIS 94 62 59 CALIFORNIA 68 134 254 MICHIGAN 67 59 40 PENNSYLVANIA 62 29 46 MISSOURI 53 38 a OHIO 38 49 49 KANSAS 33 25 26 TEXAS 32 im 61 WASHINGTON 32 5 4 OKLAHOMA 27 26 31 DIST. OF COL. 26 0 1 MASSACHUSETTS pal 12 1 MINNESOTA a 15 7 FLORIDA 18 18 10 VIRGINIA 15 7 Ww WISCONSIN u Ex 15 NEW JERSEY 13 7 18 NEBRASKA 13 6 u

April 16, 1928 IOWA a3 16 le CONNECTICUT 1 7 9 N. CAROLINA 9 5 8 GEORGIA 9 15 7 LOUISIANA 8 16 8 ARKANSAS 8 9 8 TENNESSEE ‘i 7 6 MARYLAND 7 16 i INDIANA 6 wu a2 S. CAROLINA 5 0 5 DELAWARE 4 0 0 UTAH 4 1 2 WYOMING 4 2 3 COLORADO 3 5 5 S. DAKOTA 3 4 4 W. VIRGINIA 3 6 6 ALAS! 2 0 8 <ENTUCKY 2 2 10 d \E 2 3 3 MISSISSIPPI 2 1 1 MONTANA 2 4 7 NEW HAMPSHIRE 2 0 0 OREGON 2 2 21 ALABAMA 1 3 4 NEW MEXICO 1 2 1 ARIZONA 0 1 2 N. DAKOTA o 15 1 IDAHO 0 2 7 NEVADA 0 2 0 RHODE ISLAND 0 4 0 VERMONT 0 0 2 CUBA 0 1 0 HAWAII 0 0 1

New West Coast Company Plans Commercial Air Line to Chicago LANS FOR, a $2,000,000 commercial air line to span the Pacific Coast, then turn and reach as far east as Chicago and eventually New York have been announced by Charles V. Eakin, president of the West Coast Air Transport Co. of Portland, Ore. Eakin will head the new company—the Union Air Lines—for which articles have already been filed in Salem, Ore. L. G. Devaney, now chief pilot of the West Coast com- pany, and Miss Sadie Lee joined Eakin in the incorporation. ‘The new concern is designed to absorb the West Coast Air ‘Trapsport Co., now offering passenger service between Seattle and San Francisco, and schedule regular service along a route which will include Seattle, Portland, San Francis-n, Los An- geles, El Paso, Tex., St. Louis, and Chicago. Tri-engined planes will be used, it is announced. ‘The West Coast company is now using two large Bach monoplanes each of which carries eight passengers and two pilots. President Eakin announces that foar more planes of like size and construction and a fifth large enongh to carry 22 persons have been ordered.

Four New Chapters of N.A.A. Are Formed in State of Kansas ‘OUR NEW chapters of the National Aeronautie Ass tion have been formed in Kansas through the efforts of Roseoe Vaughn and his associates in the Wichita Chapter according to an announcement from the headquarters of the association in Washington, D. C. The new chapters are lo- cated at Junction City, Dodge City, Lyons, and Winfield

April 16,1928 AVIATION

Curtiss Offices: Garden City, N. Y.

—— =e in aeronautics is unquestioned. For more than 15 years this organization, with the finest engineering staff in the industry, well- equipped laboratories, excellent manufacturing facilities and skilled personnel, has been building aircraft products that have become the standard to which others are compared. AIRPLANES of every conceivable type, both military and commercial. The Curtiss “Hawk” pursuit and “Falcon” observation types are probably the best-known military aircraft in the world today, and the new “Condor” bomber, “Sea Hawk” fighter, and “Fledgling” training plane have established new performance standards in their widely-differing fields. For commercial uses, the new “Robin” now being produced by the CurtissRobertson Airplane Company at St. Louis, is a design product of the famous Curtiss engineer’ ing staff. ENGINES that sing their song of unfailing power wherever aircraft are flown. The water-cooled D-12 of 435 horse power, winner of many spectacular races, has become the standard Air Corps power- plant for high performance military aircraft. The newer “Con- queror” of 600 horse power, retaining the same basic design and same overall dimensions as the D-12, has already established per- formances in pursuit, observation, and bombing aircraft that are unequalled. New types of air-cooled motors, ranging from 150 to 600 horse power and incorporating marked improvements over existing types are now being developed. ACCESSORIES for all aeronautical purposes. CurtissReed Metal Propellers, pioneers in the field, are universally used on both military and com- mercial aircraft, and represent the greatest single advance in pro- peller design in the last decade. Other accessories of every descrip- tion,—fittings, cowling, dump valves, exhaust stacks, seats, fuel tanks, radiators, complete landing gears, and a host of others. CURTISS AEROPLANE & MOTOR CO., Inc. Factories: Garden City & Buffalo, N. Y.

Ge, Leadership

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1000 AVIATION

Airplane Factories in Wichita TRAVEL AIR MANUFACTURING COMPANY SWALLOW AIRPLANE COMPANY CESSNA AIRCRAFT COMPAN STEARMAN AIRPLANE COMPANY LAIRD AIRCRAFT COMPANY SWIFT AIRPLANE COMPANY LARK AIRPLANE COMPANY QUICK AIR MOTORS COMPANY BLUE STREAK MOTORS COMPANY ALSO Chair of Aeronautics — Wichita University 2 Flying Schools 1 National Air-Mail Line 1 Passenger & Express Air-Transport Line

April 16, 1928 AVIATION Pioneers and Leaders =—<«= of Commercial Aviation = W ICHITA’S position as the Pioneer of Commercial aviation is unquestioned and uni

lenged. Her claims to leadership today, however, are not based on her pioneering record, but on Ast. The fact that Wichita will produce this year one fourth of all the commercial planes made in America; and bu:

2nd. . The air-mindedness of men, and their unified determination to maintain Wi n of leadership. To this end, Wichita has given and will continue to give her best, in unstinted co-operation to her airplane manufacturers, and in her resources, both of men and financial support. : What Wichita Has to Offer The Kansas Plains are one vast, unending landing field. America offers no more ideal terrain for airplane manufacturing and . With an average annual temperature of 56.2 degrees, ta offers ideal flying weather 365 days of the year.

Here is also an ample supply of low-priced labor, not affected by strikes or walk-outs, with cheap natural gas and electric power in abundani Near the geographical center of the country, with excellent shipping and terminal facilities, raw materials are quickly and easily obtained from any part of the country.

‘There is room in Wichita for additional airplane manufactur- ers, as well as other industries allied with aviation. Wichita wants builders of airplane motors, distributors of airplane parts and supplies, ete. Write or wire today for further information about Wichita’s many advantages. He CHAMBER OF COMMERCE WICHITA - KANSAS oe g I

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1002 AVIATION Vulcan Aircraft Corp. Completes Monoplane Called American Moth (THE VULCAN Aircraft Corp., Portsmouth, 0., recently ~ built an externally braced, open cockpit monoplane that is now completing a tour through the southern United States. The “American Moth”, a: it has been named, is powered with Side view of the American Moth manufactured by the Vul- can Aircraft Corp, Portsmouth, 0. a 60 hp. Air-Cat engine. It is constructed of a welded steel tube fuselage and wood wings. Though the methods of construc_ tion are conventional, the design is quite original. The fuse~ lage is exceptionally well streamlined with a pointed spinner on the propeller. ‘There is a single cockpit fitted with dual control with the seats in tandem. The wings are built in two panels with the inner edge of each panel cut at an angle to provide for a triangular center section tank. The wing tapers in plan and chord and has its thickest section at the point of attachment of the external bracing. The American Moth weighs 600 Ib. empty and 1000 Ib. londed. It has a span of 30 ft. and a length of 17 ft. 10 in. It is stated to have a high speed of 110 mp-h. and a landing speed of 40 mph. Tt has a climb of 800 f.p.m. and a service ceiling of 18,000 ft. The plane was designed by Harvey Doyle, while the stress analysis was made by Jan Paviecka. William K. Doyle supervised production. Efficient Instrument Board Layout Used by N.A.T. on Douglas Planes VERY efficient instrament board layout is now standard equipment on all of the Donglas Mail Planes belonging to the National Air Transport, Ine. The major flying instra- ments are arranged with a Pioneer turn and bank indicator in the center located so that it works about the true rolling ‘axis of the plane. Avove it is mounted a large bank indica tor while at the sides and below is an altimeter, an air speed indicator, and tachometer. These instruments have their faces set so that in normal flight the hands or indicators on all instruments point toward the eenter of the turn and bank indieator. Thus when things are functioning properly the pointers on the instruments seem to radiate from one center like the spokes of a wheel. Above the large bank indicator is ‘a compass. The instruments are mounted on a panel insulatéd against vibration by felt and rubber. Nicholas-Beazley Completes New Barling Three Place Monoplane ‘THE BARLING monoplane was recently flown for the first time at the Marshall Flying Field, Marshall, Mo. It is a low wing monoplane designed by Walter H Barling for the Nicholas-Beazley Airplane Co. The wings are of full cantilever*design and said to be of all metal construction. April 16, 19% Welded steel tubing is used for the fuselage construction, Provision is made for three people, two passengers in front and the pilot in the rear. Powered with a 600 bp. Anzai engine the plane is said to have an exceptionally quick take off and low landing speed. It will be recalled that Barling is the designer of the Barling Bomber built for the Army 1 few years ago. Unit Assembly Used by Supermarine On Large Twin Engine Flying Boats T THE Supermarine Aviation Works, Ltd., Southampton, England, difficulties were encountered in the assembly of the large twin engine “Southampton” flying boats. Thee were solved by building parts of the planes in units and later assembling the various units. As an example, the wings an built in three panels exch, the center section and the onter Setting the wings on the hull of a Supermarine “Southamp- ton”. panels. The center unit is assembled with the two Napier Lion, 470 hp. engines mounted between the upper and lower center sections. At the same time the outer panels on each side are assembled and later joined to the center unit. After the rigging is partly completed the entire wing truss is raised and the hull is rolled under it. The wings are the lowered and bolted in place. The Southampton is a five place military flying boat fitiel with two machine guns in the rear and one in the bow. It it stated to have a high speed of 107.7 mph. and a landing speed of 56 m.p-h. With a military load of 2030 Ib., it hs a gross weight of 14,300 Ib. Regarding a Caption Printed in The March 19 Issue of Aviation A CAPTION under a picture on page 706 of our March I! issue has apparently given rise to considerable confusion. When the Skywriters first came to this country they a about for some novel way of getting advertisers intcrestel in their skywriting. They therefore wrote in the sky, “Cal Vanderbilt 7100”, which was their office number. Many st vertisers realized the effect on the erowds which saw the pe formance and telephoned to the Skywriters’ office to find ot more about it. As a result the Skywriters received » lat contract. The idea of writing the office telephone numbe was originated by H. A. Cameron and Major Jack Savest of the Skywriting Company and not as stated in the caption under the picture. April 16, 1928 For More Than Fifteen Years Pilots Have Placed Their Confidence in Hamilton Propellers O matter liow fine a plane may be — no matter how carefully it ‘has been groomed before each flight, or how perfectly the powerful motors function — in the last analysis, it is the propeller that raises the plane into the air and carries it off through the clouds. For more than fifteen years, pilots have placed their confidence in Hamilton Propellers. The careful workmanship — the accurate construc- tion, and proven performance, so characteristic HAMILTON AERO MFG. CO., OX-5 Metal Propeller ‘The Hamilton All-Metal Propeller is one of he’ notable achievements In todern aviation. It" ta'equatracted entirely of Gurafomin ‘com. Uining the two important factors of lightness thd airength” Am ‘adjastable. blade allows the Greatest efleiency under all fying condition: Frols*smooth raining, perfectly balanced and resinaclomatical changes and ‘corrosion from AVIATION 1003 structed allmetal spinner. As convenience the spinner is removable by the release of 8 single nut and may bo transferred to's rew propeller when ni ON DISPLAY AT THE DETROIT SHOW of Hamilton Propellers, has won for them far- flung recognition and preference. Hamilton Propellers are designed to do their particular job in the most efficient manner. Aceufate balancing through every step in pro- duction, rigid inspection by operation, insure a smooth running, efficient propeller that can not be excelled. Supplied in either wood or metal with adjust- able pitch blades. Complete information will be sent upon request. Please specify type of plane and size of motor. 60 Keefe Ave., Milwaukee, Wis. Hamilton All-Metal Floats ‘There is no substitute for strength. Hamilton Floats are motal — from stern to stem wey fare Alclad duralumin — enduring — resisting the pounding of the waves. Scientifically de ‘signed, they “minimize it from the course of the propeller. A shallow Graft st both ends allows the ship to be brought close to the beach. A corrugated 4at yarface is provided so that passengers may or walk without danger of slipping. fiton all-metal floats are made in stancard sizes to AE all ships,

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1004 AVIATION April 16, 1928 April 16, 1928 AVIATION 1005 A fnounan basses WHE NEW ASP POWERED HAMILTON © ETALPLANE IRCRAFT history is in the making — for the New Hamilton Metalplane, powered by the Pratt & Whitney “Wasp”, is not only new in appearance and performance . . . it is new in mechanical design and construction. It is the advanced expression of a wholly new idea in modern, economical air transportation. We consider the New Hamilton Metalplane a most important contribu- tion to the progress of the aircraft industry. We determined to b new comfort, speed, safety, economy and reliability into the eld of com- mercial flying, and believe we have succeeded. ‘The New Hamilton Metalplane is the result of years of careful planning — built for today and tomorrow, after the most practical and satis- factory design that modern engineering ean devise. It is constructed entirely of Alclad duralumin and alloy steel, for durability is the very heart of airplane value. It has unusual speed and power for preseni- day requirements. It is quick and easy to handle. Tt is steady and sure on the open sky-ways, with the stamina so necessary for mile-nfter- mile and year-nfter-year service. Tire xew staminon metatpia mmodela — two for land service and ‘two or’ sea "in 'aihar’ case, Tertible — Sdaplabe Wo ail Bying ‘conditions The Silver Streak and tho Silver Sea-dan, so called because of their remarkabld performance and graceful Aight, are equipped with the Pratt & Whitney "Wasp". Ample power is held. in reserve to conquer battling headwinds oF to “poll out’ in a dead calm. ‘The New Hamilton Metalpiane is bigger than the Weather. “This is of special Lmportance to sir line operators, The Silver Eagle and Silver Swan vary only in slse and motor capacity. They are equipped with the Mriett “Whinivied’” — the eine motor ‘with which ‘a Mamiiton Sataipiage won, Gratin aficleney in both’ the Detroit News and Aviation ‘Town ‘and Country (iub events at Spokane. ‘The winning of these two events ‘demonstrates the economy of this combinativn vias Sane ‘The New Hamilton Motalylano achieves a new standard of safety. Constructed entirely of Alclad duralo- win, it is fre-rosiating end weatherproof. Bectuse of ite inherent stability, it may be flown “hands ott"for long periods of time and if driven to stalling point, will right itt Becanse of its sturdy costraction, the New of miles of steady fyiov Known strength of In ‘the recent Ford ‘Ruclatitty Tow built in four standard quickly and. easily con- Compare the New Hamilton Metalplane, with other planes of similar and capacity. Compare it for comfort, for maneuverability, for re- ‘to meet the unexpected, for low cost of upkeep, and for its y to stand up under countless miles of continuous flying. hen you will understand why this announcement is of importance to aviation. Then you will know why the New Hamilton Metalplane should be your plane. Seating ight passengers, Ia beau vanity caso and cigar lighter are finished in-oxidized silver. ssulaton assures quiet and protection from the cold. ‘There, then, are but s few of the many features of this truly remarkable plane. Let us give you com- plete u.fermist'™m and specifications so that you may give it the careful study and snalysis that is in Keeping with | 's achievement, We will gladly send them upon request. Our reprosenta.ve: sf the Detroft Show will be pleased to discuss dealer openings with reputable, well Snanced distribu. += HAMILTON METALPLANE COMPANY, Milwaukee, Wis. 4 >,

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1006 AVIATION Four R.A.F. Supermarine Flying Boats Complete 9000 Mile Cruise FOUR ALL metal fying boats of the British Royal Air Foree recently completed a 9,000 mi. cruise from Ply- mouth, England, to Singapore on the Malay Peninsula. The flight was an effort to carry out an air eruise equivalent to that of warships on the sea and it was completed without in- cident. It lasted four months with the crews living most of the time on board the planes. The planes are Supermarine “Southamptons”. ‘The Supermarine Southamptons used on this eruise are of all metal construetion. They are biplanes with the wings mounted above the hull and two Napier Lion, 470 hp., water cooled engines mounted between the center section panels. The hulls are constructed entirely of duralumin except for the fittings which are of stainless steel. They have concave V bottoms of two step design. In the bow is a cockpit for the forward gunner, who also acts as bomber. Behind, is the pilot's cockpit connected to the navigator’s cockpit, slightly to the rear. The navigator also acts as relief pilot. Aft of this is a closed compartment for the navigator. It is fitted with an armchair, table and instrament racks. Radio equip- ment, ineluding direction finding apparatus, is also provided. In the hull, aft of the trailing edge of the wing, are two rear gun cockpits, each fitted with a mounting for a Lewis ma- chine gun. The planes have a span of 75 ft. and a length of 49 ft. 8 in. The wing area is 1426 sq. ft. and the weight is 9,010 Ib. empty. With a useful lond of 5,290 Ib. the total weight is 14,300 Ib. They are stated to have a high speed of 107.7 m.p.h. and landing speed of 56 m.p.h. The normal range is 680 mi. and climb of 610 f.p.m. with a service ceiling of 14,000 ft. Orange Car and Steel Co. in Texas Enters Hangar Construction Field TRANCE INTO the hangar construction business was recently made by the Orange Car and Steel Co. of Orange, Tex. A $7,000 steel hangar is being built at the Beaumont, Tex., municipal airport by the company to be ready in May, while others are now under construction at Orange and at Shreveport, La. A contract to erect a number of hangars at Winburn Field, San Antonio, has also been made. J. IL. Byrne, manager of the Orange Car and Steel Co., also heads an operating company whieh has been given 2 lease on the new Beaumont field structure. Two new produc- tion planes and one war surplus plane will be used by the operating company for passenger and instruction work, ac- cording to Byrne. A Ryan Brougham has also been ordered for use in Orange and Beaumont. Passenger service and sightseeing tours during the Demo- cratic National Convention to be held at Houston, Tex., in one of the specialties planned. June Lieutenant Flo to Operate School And Aerial Taxi Line Near Detroit JEUT. LEONARD S. Flo, pilot for the Wise Birds, a fly- ing club of employees of the Union Trust Co. of Detroit, Mich., has been granted a permit by the Fordson Council to operate a flying school and acrial taxi service near Detroit. ‘The field will be established at the corner of Ford Rd. and Wyoming Ave., Lieutenant Flo said. He further stated that the new school and taxi service will be one of « national chain planned. April 16, 1928 Klemm Arrives in this Country To Import Klemm-Daimler Planes HANS KLEMM, designer of the German, Klemm-Daimler, light monoplanes, recently arrived in this country aboard the S.S. Dresden. He was met at the boat by George Kern, Jr, of New York City, who, last summer, toured Europe with William Seypelt in the Klemm-Daimler monoplane, “Yan- kee Doodle”. It is understood that the firm of Kern & Klemm is being organized for the importation of Klemm-Daimler monoplanes into this country and will have offices at 245 W. 41 St., New York City. The company will be entirely in- dependent of the Klemm-Daimler company abroad. A short time ago Kern returned to the United States from Germany and brought with him three Klemm-Daimler mono- planes, one of which is the Yankee Doodle. At the time of this writing the planes are being assembled at the Barrett ‘Airways field at Armonk, N. Y., just north of New York City. They are low wing monoplanes powered with two cyl- inder, horizontally opposed, air cooled engines rated at 20 hp. The planes are quite conventional in design except that in addition to the normal ailerons the wing tips are hinge] that their angle of attack may be changed. This area, which is only about a foot wide, is connected to the ailerons; when the angle of one tip is increased the other is decreased. Heater for Starting Engines in Cold Weather Developed by Army WATER heater for warming up water cooled engines in cold weather was recently develbped by some of the en- listed personnel of the First Pursuit Group of the Army Air Corps at Selfridge Field, Mich. Difficulty was encountered during the winter maneuvers of the Pursuit Group when at- tempting to start the D-12 engines of their Curtiss P-1 pur- suit planes at very low temperatures. The heater consists of a three gas burner arrangement heating a coil through whieh the water of the engine’s cooling circulates. The burners use gasoline from the airplane tank. The heater is eliminated from the cooling system as soon as the engine functions pro- perly. On the northern trip of the Pursuit Group the engines were started after the heaters had been in operation for about two hours. With more shielding from the wind it is expected that the heaters can be allowed to burn all night at half ca. pacity and the engines started instantly. The entire apparatus fits into a space less than a foot square and is installed under the engine inside the eowling. International Aircraft Show to Be Held in Chicago, Dec. 1 to 9 THE AERONAUTICAL Chamber of Commerce of America recently announced its plans for an international aircraft show to be held in Chicago next December. At the same time it also announced the formation of the Aeronautical Expo- sitions Corp. of New York City, a subsidiary of the Aero nautical Chamber of Commerce, to handle all aireraft shows to be held under its auspices. This new organization will handle the show in Chicago which, according to present plans, will be held in the Coliseum from December first to ninth. Details are well under way and assurance of cooperation has been given by the aircraft industry of the various Europes countries. The show will be held in conjunction with the International Aviation Conference called by President Cool- idge to be held in Washington Dec. 10 to 17. April 16, 1928 we The P & W “Wasp” Lf The Packard 2A-1500 AVIATION 1.007. Ppsrs a The P. & W “Hornet Designers of these Engines Selected SCINTILLA Aircraft Magnetos The Caminez For Ignition because Scintilla Means DEPENDABILITY SIMPLICITY and ACCESSIBILITY SCINTILLA MAGNETO COMPANY SIDNEY, NEW YORK Contractors to the U. S. Army and Navy y The Curtiss D-12-0 ¥% ‘The “Comet” é ‘The “Floco” The $ Cylinder Kinner A ‘The 3 Cylinder Szekely The 7 Cylinder Warner

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1008 AVIATION April 16, 1928

Two International Models for pleasure and In no other ships manufactured today are the demands of the commercial or pleasure flyer so effectively met 2s in these two International models. And in no other ships produced today are there combined more advanced engineering developments than are repre- sented in the International “Air-Coach” and and International “Sportsman”.

International is jealously guarding the reputation for safety, depend- ability and construction perfection for which International Air- craft are Six-place . Cruiser. Heated, ventila and richly appointed senger cabin seats fiv passengers with day gage in Pullman comfort. Open 2place pilot c accommodates extra pilot of meer. x F seaengess and ot have full unobstructed Into. International Fiston,__ Full pey toad, 1-000 Planes are built a qual- Ds. ing span, 37 feet. F t P Length overall, % feet. ity of construction rare in the Perfect streamline desi, industry. Many striking color com! nations or can be furnished to color specifications of purchaser. Designed for any 180 fo 300 h.p. motor. Either single or dual pilot control.

world-famous.

Fundamentally correct in design— actually years in the van of most other air- craft—International Planes offer the very acme of perfection in present-day craft of the air. Judge International from ai For performance, speed, stal for absolute dependability and safety—International has consistently outperformed competitive makes.

Both of these International Planes will be exhibited at the < All-American Aircraft Show at Detroit The INTERNATIONAL AIRCRAFT CORP, (formerly of Long Beach, Cal.) CINCINNATI, OHIO Pioneers in aeronautics since 1909

April 16, 1928 AVIATION 1009

that meet all demands commercial flying! Time and again International Planes have demon- strated their vast superiority for minimum take-off, maximum climbing speed, stability and ease of con- trol. This superiority, basically attributable to the advanced International design, is maintained by the very high International standard of construction. International Planes are “built to a stand- ard—not to a price”. That standard is the highest in the industry today.

The “Sportsman” Model £17 Three place Combination Sport and Commercial Plane. Roomy upholstered passenger cockpit will ac- commodate two or three 5 people. Slightly raised pilot inter- cockpit gives unobstructed vision in all directions. Equipped with all the usual instruments a_well-appoint- ed plane should have. Wing span 35 feet. Length over- all 25 feet. Beautiful sport streamlines, with unlimited choice of color combina- To the man ested in any type of ai craft, whether for commercial or pleasure use, International’s record _ alone should recommend a thorough inves- tigation of these two marvel ships. For these men, International has just completed a very elaborate illustrated treatise on the “Air-Coach” and “Sports- tions and. finish. “Can be man”. This interesting brochure will be gladly sent powered by OX-5, Wright, pM ely isso, n-Siemens, req’ Anzani, Caminez or other standard motors. INTERNATIONAL cA rcraft Built to a Standard - - - Not to a Price

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1010 AVIATION Navy Tests NY-2 Seaplane Fitted With Handley Page Automatic Slots (‘THE NAVY Department has been testing a Consolidated NY-2 seaplane fitted with Handley Page automatic slots at the Naval Air Station, Anacostia, Washington, D. C. On this installation, the automatic slots were fitted to the lead- ing edge of the upper wing in front of the ailerons. The rest of the wing was fitted with a manually operated slot in- terconnected with a trailing edge flap. It was found that at speeds corresponding to an angle of attack of 10 deg. the automatic slot remained closed and was not fully opened until an angle of 12 deg. was reached. With the slot open and the wing at an angle of 18 deg., which is normally the stalling angle for this wing, the effect of the slots was to increase the lift by approximately 30 per cent This continues up to an angle of 28 deg., when the lift is inereased by approximately 60 per cent. The dropping of the trailing edge flap has the effect of increasing the camber of the wing which is also advantageous in increasing the lift. It has the further useful effect of ap- preciably increasing the relative angle of attack so that in order to get larger angles of attack on the wing it is not necessary to depress the tail too far. The Navy Department intends in the near future to apply the full slotted wing to a bombing type of plane to reduce its landing and take off speed. It is stated that the automatic slot will be tested on each type of plane now under contract by experimental in stallations on one of each type. The operation of the auto matic slot was deseribed in Aviation for Feb. 27, 1928. Star Air Line, Inc. to Operate At New Seattle, Wash. Airport (THE STAR Air Line, Inc., was recently organized in Sea tle, Wash., as distributor for airplanes, operator of a fly ing school, and operator of aerial taxi and scenic service. The company already is the northwest representative of Thunder bird Aircraft, Inc., and has made formal application for per- mission to erect the first unit of a series of permanent hangars on the new Seattle Airport at Georgetown. Except for the Boeing Airplane Co.’s activities it is understood that this is the largest aeronautical development at the new field Portland, Ore.-Yakima, Wash., Line Is Planned by the Rankin Company AIRPLANE PASSENGER and express service between Portland, Ore., and Yakima, Wash., soon by the Rankin Flying Service, Inc “Tex” Rankin, head of the company, has announced. One round trip daily, six days a week, is contemplated. The s viee is to be started with a Ryan cabin monoplane carr four passengers and pilot. will be inaugurated , of Portland, J B.B.T. Corp. of America Issues Booklet Entitled “Airport Lighting” A COMPREHENSIVE 16 page catalogue with 41 illustra tions and describing the use of airport lighting equip- ment has just been issued by the B.B.T. Corp. of America, airport beacon manufacturer, from its headquarters in the Atlantic Building, Philadelphia. “Airport Lighting” is the name of the booklet. The company’s various lighting pro- nets and their use are pictured and explained in the pages. April 16, 1928 ‘thos. Cook & Son to Use Planes On New Cruise of World in 1929 AJRPLANES ARE to be used, it has been announced, to carry one section of a new Thos. Cook & Son world cruise party to the remains of the pre-historie Greek city of Petra in the hinterland of Arabia, Another group will eross the desert of Palestine in planes to see the ancient metropolis of Jerash, one of the 10 cities founded by Alexander the Great, while Bagdad, Babylon, and the Tower of Babel will also be visited in this way. Camping outfits wll be carried in the airplanes, thus enabling the passengers to sleep out on the desert beneath the wings of the craft. The Cunarder Franconia has been selected by Thos. Cook & Son for the world cruise which will offer the trips by air- plane. The steamer will sail from New York on Jan. 15, 1929, returning to that port on May 31. New Flying School is to Operate From Roosevelt Field, Long Island FLYING school A to operate from Roosevelt Field, Long *™ Island, N. ¥. This field, made famous by many trans- Atlantic flights last year, has heretofore been used by com- mercial aviators, though no hangar space was available or regulations enforced. A few years ago two hangars were built, but these have not been available to commercial opera. tors. Recently a portion of the field was purchased by the Meadow Brook Country Club, nearby, who will use the tract s a polo practice field. There is enough left for an ample landing field though it will be necessary to move the runway slightly to the south. The new runway will be the same length as the old one, or nearly a mile. It is understood that J. J. Lannin, owner of the field, and Lieut. Henry B. Clark are to operate the school with Clark as manager of the field Four planes have been purchased and office space is being partitioned off in one of the hanga: Receive Entries of Seven Nations For Gordon Bennett Balloon Race SEVEN COUNTRIES had entered the Gordon Bennett In- ternational Balloon Race to be held from Detroit June 30, as Avration went to press. Three balloons have been entered by the United States, which placed first last year with a team composed of E. J. Hill and A. G. Schlosser. France and Belgium have also entered three, while other nations which will be represented are Switzerland, Great Britain, Denmark, and Argentina. The National Aeronautic Association has taken charge of the entries for the great lighter-than-air competition. Whitby Sets Record by Dropping 4100 ft. Before Pulling Rip Cord F{AROLD L. WHITBY, machinist’s mate, U set, what is believed to be, a new record when he jumped from a plane at an altitude of 5.100 ft. and waited until he had dropped 4,400 ft. before he opened his parachute. It is understood that the previous record, held by the Army, was 2,300 ft. From other planes at the same altitude as that carrying Whitby, Theodore Morgan and Thomas L. Craw- ford jumped and waited until they had fallen 3,000 ft. and 2,700 ft., respectively, before opening their parachutes. , recently April 16, 1928 AVIATION 2011 DISTRIBUTORS Capitol Aieways, Inc. Washingeon, D.C. Mayer Aircraft Corpo, Bridgeville, Pa. Buffalo Aircraft Distrib. Buttalo, N. Knapp Flying Service, ‘ypsilana, Michigan. Midwest Airways, Ine. Milwaukee, Wiscodsin, Yon Hoffman Airerafe PoC Koglum, Missouri. Midwest Airways Corp’a. Monmouth, illinots. HIL BALL, better known as the owner of the St. Louis Browns, uses his Ryan Brougham almost entirely for business trips over the country. He has travelled 20,000 miles in four months of flying, and in February he said: “The "Ryan Brougham is an economical time saver. It costs surprisingly little co operate and it will take me anywhere I want to go in one hop... Chicago, Tuisa, Detroit, Cleveland, Pittsburgh or Atlanta. . .. I find that traveling by plane is faster and more comfortable than by auto or train, and a lot more in- DISTRIBUTORS CS. Yarnell, Minneapolis, Mina. Stranaky Airlines, Inc Pukwana, So. Dakora Mission Airplane Services, ‘San Antonio, Texas: teresting.” § Brougham owners everywhere report unusual economy. With its ams Aisersft Corpor: ‘Los Angeles, California. Rankin Flying Service, Portlaad, Oregon. M. A. Zuniga, ‘Central America. speed... . performance ... dependability ... comfort... economy .... this sister- ship of the “Spirit of St. Louis” has no difficulty in maintaining its unrivaled popularity. Equipment is complete and fine in every particular. Mahoney distributor franchises are valuable. + + Only qualified business executives and operators will be considered. °U. S. Dept. of Commerce Approved Type Certificate No. AT-25 The: B. F. MAHONEY AIRCRAFT CORP’N San Diego i California ams

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1012 AVIATION April 16, 1928 FOR EVERY COMMERCIAL PURPOSE - OVER LAND AND SEA OVERSEA INLAND Air Commuting Air Transport Ship-to-Shor Field Hoy sees OEMING ae Beach Hopping Company Freight Air Yachting The Amphibian Proven Practical Tand Surveys Opens a new era with THE LOENING CABIN AMPHIBIAN FFORDING the commercial and private operator a variety of airplane possibilities and usages of more complete scope, justifying the higher first cost by economy in the long run, due to wider use and longer life. - Muffler, heater, electric inertia starter, EQUIP eT alee, complete cabin furnishings, triplex glass, lights, toilet, baggage holds, anchor and line, all instruments, including compass and turn indicator, double fuel pump system, fire extinguishers, wheel brakes (optional), pilot’s compartment and passenger seating capacity normally for four but can be arranged for six. PERFORMANCE - 120 miles per hour, high speed, 14,000 feet ceiling, with 140 gallons gas, 12 gallons of oil, pilot, and equipment and 1200 ibs. pay load. Price — Delivered for flight, New York — $24,700 LOENING AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING CORPORATION 31ST STREET AND EAST RIVER, NEW YORK CITY April 16, 1928 r AVIATION OENMING More THAN 100 Loening Amphibians have flown over 2,500,000 miles in all parts of the world and in all climates and the work that has been done by this unique plane for the United States Government in the Army, Navy, Marine Corps and Coast Guard Air Services duri the past four years has well earned the. title of “The For America”. Frou THE very inception of its development the Loening Unit Hull type, which is patented, has always been an Amphibian — logical in its design — extremely convenient and efficient in its layout and after long experience entirely perfected in its surprisingly normal, easy and stable flying qualities. There has been no’ occasion in the development of this outstanding airplane type for after thoughts ‘of adding floats to a land plane or adding wheels to a float seaplane. The Loening type, is actually the first real Amphibian and practically the only Amphibian available today with any serious amount of service behind it to insure its satisfactory opera- tion and its status as an already finished product. Available now for commercial, civil and private use, the Loening Cabin Amphibian is a sensible and practical development of the Government planes and incorporates all of the characteristics, and per- fections that hard experience and constant usage of the past have developed. ABILITY AS A STURDY LAND PLANE of this type is such as to permit its use continuously from Inland Fields of even a very rough character. The take-off with the air cooled engine is quick and the wing loading is light. Usage. which is the real test, has proven that there is ample ground clearauce of the keel and never has the Loening Amphibian suffered from lim- stations on this score, particularly as the keel itself is so greatly reinforced that actual land land- ings have often been made with the wheels up with no injury. The Cabin Amphibian, itself, as a land plane is a normal tractor biplane of the most widely used land type, with large wheels and tires and easy cabin access. BAWORTHINESS AS A FLYING BOAT of this airplane has been found surprisingly good under the most difficult conditions. The hull has been made very strong and serviceable Plane ‘That Does The Hard Work with its Loening type of composite metal covered construction and with the water-tight nose there is no possibility of shipping wacer in breaking seas, as in a “pusher” flying boat. The propeller in front immediately rises well clear of the water under way and is far ahead of the spray, as well as protected by the hull beneath it and yet, exper- ience and usage (which again is the only real eriter- ion) show constantly that the tractor arrangement, s0 desirable for every flying and safety reason, has no disadvantage in comparison to the older type of “pusher” boats, (yet gets away from having the engine poised ‘back of the passengers). Upon coming to a mooring the forward position of the pilot enables him to pick up a line, either from his seat or from the lower wing, and with propeller still running this line is fastened to the side chock. As soon as the propeller is stopped it is transferred to the bow, if desired, for a heavy blow. The ease with which anchoring and mooring operations can be taken care of by merely bringing the moor- ing to the side of the hull has been a revelation. With the propeller stopped, passengers can be taken aboard at the bow and have access to the cabin with steps that are provided, in quite as easy a manner as any other type and with line again merely transferred from the bow to the side chocks the pilot is able to start his engine and warm it up before casting off and can cast off his line or raise his anchor without the slightest difficulty while running his engine. IRWORTHINESS AS AN AIRPLANE — of the Loening Amphibian has been developed to a state of perfection where it is admittedly today one of the finest flying airplanes of any type now in service. Whether over land or water, wheels up or down, this surprisingly versatile proves to be a perfect fiying machine, stable in rough air, handy and normal on all controls and easy to land and taxi. ‘Tie aim is over everything and is a highway with access to all places, but the airplane cam only be considered to have really started on its dominating career when it is endowed with ability to land and operate from both land and water. ‘This time has now arrived. And an even bigger, more sensible and more practical era of flying opens up before us. LOENING AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING CORPORATION 31ST STREET AND EAST RIVER, NEW YORK CITY 1013

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1014 AVIATION Stinson Aircraft Corp. is Using New Type Control on its Planes A NEW type of control is now startdard on planes produced by the Stinson Aireraft Corp., Northville, Mich. It is a dual side by side wheel control of simple design that leaves the cockpit free from obstructions. Each wheel is mounted on a horizontal, tubular shaft supported by an O and S uni- versal bearing. The bearing allows a fore and aft motion of the shaft which is connected to a long bell crank that actuates the elevators through push pull rods. In addition the bear- ing allows a certain pitching motion of the shaft to accommo- date the rise and fall of the bell erank control, as well as the rotational movement of the shaft for the aileron action. At the end of the shaft a small gimbal joint is provided and at this point the shafts of each control are connected by a hori- zontal tube. Bronze bushings carry the sprocket over which the aileron control chain rans. This chain is connected to ‘a cable which runs behind each rear wing spar to where it is pinned to a push pull rod connected directly with the aileron. ‘The stabilizer control has been changed from the left side to the center so that it will be more convenient for both instrue- tor and student. The adjustment of the stabilizer is accomp- lished by a single motion of the lever and is locked in posi- tion by a rachet. ‘The rudder pedals are conventional with those on the left fitted with the heel type wheel brake control. The brake me- chanism is conventional, being simply a cable along the under- side of the fuselage and hence down the landing gear strut to the brakes. The position of the fulerum is such that the neutral position of the heel brake rises as that particular rud- der pedal is depressed. Since it is desirable to apply the brake on one side at the same time as the rudder on that side is depressed, the brake control is so arranged that the pilot may get the full sweep at the heel pedal. In this way, the action of the brake is more pronounced. Maryland Metal Building Co. Forms Special Airport Equipment Division S A means of rendering a specialized building service to the aeronautical industry, the Maryland Metal Building Co. of Baltimore, Md. has formed a separate organization, known as the Airport Equipment Division. Headquarters will be in Philadelphia, Penna. and Lieut. C. William Close, a former United States Air Service pilot, is in charge. The Maryland Metal Building Co. has been a pioneer in serving the building needs of the aeronautical industry. Dur- ing the Sesqui-Centennial Exposition, this company erected for the Philadelphia Rapid Transit Co. a hangar to house the three Fokker Tri-engined planes used on the Philadelphia- Washington-Norfolk line. Later, when the question of a municipal airport for Philadelphia was under consideration, the Maryland Metal Building Co., represented by Lieutenant Glose, cooperated with C. Townsend Ludington and other in- terested parties. After a site had been selected, they laid out a comprehensive building program designed to take care of the building requirements for several years to come. Several of the structures called for by this building plan have already been erected, and the Philadelphia Airport is now being operated under lease by the Ludington Philadelphia Flying Service. The completed buildings include two hangars 70 x 100 ft., a large experimental shop 40 x 200 ft., a machine shop 20 x 200 ft., a photographie room, a woodworking shop, ‘a dope house, and a club house. As a result of the experience gained in the building of April 16, 1928 the Philadelphia Airport, the Maryland Metal Building Co, decided to form a separate division to devote its entire en. ergies to serving the aeronautical industry. The Airport Equipment Division is designed to render a consulting servies besides acting as selling agents for Maryland metal buildings, By studying the present and possible future needs of an air- port, they will recommend the type and number of buildings required. The activities of the Airport Equipment Division are not confined to the building needs of airports, for it serves manufacturers of aircraft and accessories as well. The Airport Equipment Division has already completed hangar and assembly shop for the Keystone Aircraft Co. of Bristol, Pa. The building is 80 x 80 ft. and is to be used for assembling and storing the Keystone bombing planes which are being built for the United States Army. It is of struc- taral steel frame covered with sheet steel. Canadian Vickers, Ltd. Completes Tests on Plane for Forest Service 'ESTS were recently completed by Canadian Vickers, Ltd of Montreal, Can. on a forest patrol type of biplane to be known as the “Vigil”. The plane is powered with « Wright Whirlwind engine and because of the wide temperature ranges under whieh it must operate, it is construeted with no wires or cables in the entire structure. The structure is of metal except for the upper wing, which is of wood covered with fabric. The upper wing is much larger than the lower one, having almost twice the span, Struts from the midpoint of the lower wing are connected to the upper wing and to the fuselage. The landing gear is also supported from this point, making a very rigid form of trussing resembling a Warren truss for interplane bracing. It is a single seater, equipped . with radio, but it ean be fitted with dual control or converted asa mail carrier very easily. The first model was tested on floats, but provision has been made for the installation of wheels or skis for land operations. ‘The plane presents a clean cut appearance and has 2 wing span of 35 ft. 3 in. Overall, the plane is 27 ft. long and 10 ft. high. Tt is stated to have a top speed of 125 mp. landing speed of 50 m.p.h., and service ceiling of 18,00 The Vigil wei; tt chs 1,505 Ib. empty and 2,250 Ib. loaded. This allows a disposable load of 745 lb. which includes 62.6 gal. of gasoline. Bristol Jupiter Engines Now Fitted With Farman Type Reduction Gears ‘ARMAN TYPE reduction gears are now fitted to British Bristol Jupiter Series VIII and IX engines, developing 455 hp. and 485 hp., respectively. These gears have been under tests in various types of planes for the last year and a halt and have shown extremely high efficiency. It is understood thst, in this country, experiments aré underway on both Wright Cyclone and Pratt & Whitney Hornet engines using reduction gents: to reduce the propeller speed below that of the crank- Reduction gears have been proven to increase propellet efficiency by permitting the propeller to be designed for a more efficient speed. This characteristic is especially noticeable oa the take off or climb of a heavily loaded plane. In England most of the large bombers and heavy transport planes am powered with Jupiter engines equipped with reduction gears while in this country the only geared engines in regular se viee are water cooled designs. April 16, 1928 AVIATION 1015, rc A Wonderful Ship to Fly A Profitable Ship to Buy For those who know HE name Stearman insures correct design of the latest type—quality of most exacting character— manufacturing pre- cision that is paramount in the minds of every Stearman craftsman. The Stearman ts on Exhibition at The All-American Aircraft Show The Stearman Aircraft Co. Wichita, Kansas Write or Wire for Information Concerning Attractive Selling Franchise

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1016 AVIATION April 16, 192g Apri! 16, 1928 AVIATION 10%? Landing Planes of Every Description in Restricted Areas On All Kinds of Buildings, Railway Terminals, Steamships and Piers Naval and Commercial Flying Made Practical by . The Gibbons Landing and Launching Devices Te ih aitvaniage ot isn home. Won't that be a great con- ing the, snow from the platform by tata eaten ase de wath, toe Da See se a da wig, We Sirstust legiMpanet, Lacie dl ieee cant Be te Moe AF Na Ray Seana ere oe ee Hee emirate | Be ies Be ele arera ieee Se Engen lard ee ead it Conca tar tee Se caeineine See ta cede ee Sacer Taat Et rf take, pride io promoting interna onal _aviation theese: spirit as Goione! “Lindbergh,” with "no mercenary arpors, him, out, Hiende in the actor Eautical line "can verify, We have re Geived offers from severai lines which we Save ignores. ‘We fo not’ advertise for the purpose of quilting’ piel "holding ‘companicn prox otion schemes, or forming of organizing Subsidiary companies, “In\ short, if our Sevices prove, merit or firm f'to build we will work on ‘a. royall Sharge for' the supervisioa of the building Stele ‘or part of ‘any of thee, devices wich might be used. “IY amy person, fria, Buunicipallty or government’ willing to Build gart or whole of ‘any one of ‘our Sevices, when we prove without dovbt the Brachcablty” ¢ fur egrvice,” well and mol, mo harm “tr don rr Saasiets | ath. Seale and ee ae Sore? Slveat te ettelamt fede guae Sac"untce Corea ruses Rae oe tans set pect at Ge Wier Same EY AET ARE vecned and ge Oe ee gentect with who’ is prominent minutes, whether on roof or steam- a pe a Beneeegatee, Gite a ee rtd nig Reames Been cae Peers i sexe SEALLAE the wind” “Meane ‘are provided to vice is always headed into the wind unless We do mot use catapults. Qur devices Femove the air from underneath the wings otherwise desired by the operator. ble, the | standar BEPG.EE gf the plane, thus causing the plane treat shave been secured in all the supbibian, to land or launch with their Grmly othe surface of the device. “Suit- principal countries, of the. world. and the OW DONTE ae ck ea able guides ‘are provided: further zetard faventions," are thus’ fully protected wicrices will only be twenty to fig divices arc che landing on an iocline, apcinst infringements: Sonthe”planen and torcy-tve tovatty flee spring fetarders, tc. which greatly “They are adaptable. to all kinds of Fetiaine tact for bombing planer vp Y"thecis of ie ues Sree Stats fermen 200. pounds in. wel Sean era, battled Breet thor is Sr aio of Glases | The controle of the devise are lated Hayy Javan Bert fey ‘worehouses, enables ‘the devices to be cut down we is eee . ‘one pict ‘and house ofhces, pal bullies: ‘armories, The, above illustration shows the proposed building, devigned to accommodate owr Sout, weight, and. size, and“ aieo Foe te which the Toos soa Feruseatio ban ie trate Have Sight Gf the’ cleverest, men in The ghong. lnstation, thous the ropored, ouading ,derignes fe tccemmeiate oer Ses ‘uncir Sconstructions SF re ee ae ee ee Hotels, Bre Bowses, # se Eactortan lente, heir , Teqpective lines (on our Advisory first story is cccupied by uz os our office and. plant. This proposed building ‘will be "Ihe devices can be automatically turned Packing with’ visible “and landing signals pleasure resorts, rock ‘coun: Paes eG wesatlantic fliers [ocated ome mile rom the Brooklyn Main Post she Borough Hel, ‘the’ financial into the wind by means of a wind vane so arflnged that operations can be carri ‘and’ for coast defense on the same eens Beater gn MENS “Ree a beed ft Pevatie Mane bes fcr tne Brana igi the Seamed inte Met wind ox meng of Spied vane $0 arcanged tht operations can be carried Oi ee at eters te fhe cause of (preventing cotstlens acer oF @ mile from Governors taland. cha be perated Yo ‘any desired angin te Soatrale fai the sccoad operator cam ie” Our seven types of landing and launch: dents, thereby saving life and Limb. Sie, horltontal. They, "ave "a day and Gver them iiomediately. jor devices may ar te weed ig whhole or part Daring 1986, at 6, dinner: in the pr 5 * ‘inelading a0 “S great variety. of Tequirement cod-sized stcamers are perfectly feasible." four-day speed will be provided with = mci ‘The controller from his pilot house oper- ot reruns SEF SCIGur cf the, bem known scientitc Arthur’ prisbane ju fis cloria os Gasepost East will shocics the’ ts’ poe AF sytem Of “heating the ates an automatic control which is at *° philosophy provides. f tingencies me and‘a unique method of rémov- tached to the wind vanes, eo that the de- which formulae never , does. | Force of ence are the things that win. nce Chamber linsproved this, "Platforms can be used in battery SPs soars te We Seema, eh Toad all: SNE Zee Sy By ater tical ine, the inventor of this de ies wa ems the Sey Ics The, Brooklyn Daly Eagle of Fe Beading detotedtp" one" sngle. butisess yn of February Tek Combans the Grae poner the SENDS Scrat he cogent tat, 12 1908, atk. take. Uitoona pam nding, of lanes on buildings od ships; E'prsblem mity'bersoived from the root snigue to tay the lease, and yet not only protien, may x Saghicere, 8% SS EE Be "Bopes colt omen ine 1019 for tae Duppese of aay OE Seat Higrth Wallington, D.C, iad. many tion bag the tant cope formation gx groupe where pece, a i A i i gon D.C. Maney gm eh feomae Tada im HecMiance. of ‘ais hie? Shane, ge, Decepler 3, 92. RES! FGS tint ciemately ach land setts, Sear darts mss ha promped auch am ingeregt. = "IE tel mens thag not far in the, future com Siar teettan pone Beet the seals ob 10's. Gent ait Gcfan iimers can have two landing and "uslcatlons between one hotel and another 300 JSe Sen airs Suitdingne aa well oe | Hiner of°20,000 pounds weight: with launching devices of our type to land and Will be by airplane; ‘and no group of | [26,¢ ae munch planes or amphibians, “These ‘de- ait ‘more to support both com- failroad stat ig ar ee ee spdigpvernment auplanc activities In» radio talk broadcasted from Sta ‘men of the country. Hen WIE on May Sth, 1924, at 790 drport (a missing Io Tear Admiral, Wiliam A- MeMett_is Gardiner "0 iy, i'Twelcome and appre- quoted as follows 3 Bebe Neg, York tines | Pyblahe ce Aviation aa oy pet $F°Repraary Su fe is entirel ‘a engincer by the name feasible and Fore cf, ft, nnding Brookive, hae 2 landin nd Clnuncling Permit very ‘lfective operation of sircrart land and launch, airplance, om roofs of out any alterations in their basic con- Struction by simple adjustment of the automat pment of the platform. ‘the development. by caleulations, wind funnel tests, and by the use’ of an accurate one-quarter-inch scale work: move! in sich, all, the baale on ditions, were succensively reprod: This sccorate working moods) of the following remarks: MT 'toresee “the. carrying. of “planes by erst leave the ship When neat rer, and de ine, By. iis mean work ‘of the ‘express mail and passengers Miom'decks on be able to land or take off Ym an alrplane eee Serigt Saag tae ea Lineage oe scided wn” trom’ the oot of building nes? your ties; wach an aero rm pilots, air transport fore and other competent men. agers devices can be oper: ated’ ata distance of five miles from the platform for land use. Manufacturing efficiency demands the economical movements of maxi mum quantities ‘of material in the quickest way and. with ibe fewest moves. ‘This can be done with the plane and what goes with i Aviation te bmoching wt amr door new ie saecige “Gp Siar crests, sel As oa Office: 2 Cohen Se, GIBBONS COMPANY Brooklyn, N. ¥., U. S.A. Yards and Shops: Builders Since 1869 mC ak Pin as Ov! wD ac 339 to 353 Columbia St., SRC ie em a te SP ee

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108 AVIATION State Tour and a New Service Announced by Grand Rapids Club YLANS CALLING for an aerial tour of Michigan by Grand Rapids plane owners, the establishment of a Reserve Offi- cers aviation base at the Grand Rapids Airport, and the in- auguration of a new aerial transport service to operate from the local airport were recently announced by Carl T. Batts, president of the Grand Rapids Flying Club. The aerial tour will call at various cities thronghout the state. The new aerial transport service will operate a five place cabin airplane and a three place open plane in its service. The corporation will also operate a general flying school. Capitalization is $50,000 with a paid in eapital of $25,000. The county board of supervisors has appropriated $5,000 for the improvement of the runways at the airport. The Fly- ing Club will undertake to provide funds for lighting tke field for night flying. This will include the installation of beacons and flood lights. REVIEWS ‘Ldviocny Omuitioe Jor Leteneuten, Waskeaton DB. OL Nt Notional N.A.C.A. Report No. 274. The N.A.C.A. Photographic Apparatus for Studying Fuel Sprays from Oil Engine In- jection Valves and Test Results from Several Researches, by Eaward G. Beardsley. Apparatus for recording photograph- ically the start, growth, and cut-off of oil sprays from injec- tion valves has been developed at the Langley Memorial Aero- nautical Laboratory of the N.A.C.A. The apparatus consists of a high-tension transformer by means of which » bank of condensers is charged to a high voltage. The controlled dis- charge of these condensers in sequence, at a rate of several thousand per second, produces electric sparks of sufficient intensity to illuminate the moving spray for photographing. The sprays are injected from various types of valves into a chamber containing gases at pressures up to 600 Ib. per sq. in. Several series of pictures are shown. The results give the effects of injection pressure, chamber pressure, specific gravity of the fuel oil used, and injection-valve design, upon spray ebaracteristics. N.A.C.A. Report No. 273. Wind Tunnel Tests on Autoro- tation and the “Flat Spin”, by Montgomery Knight. The report deals with the autorotational characteristics of cer- tain differing wing systems as determined from wind tunnel tests made at the Langley Memorial Aeronautical Laboratory. The investigation was confined to autorotation about a fixed axis of the plane of symmetry and parallel to the wind direc- tion. Analysis of the tests leads to the following conclusions: Autorotation below 30 deg. angle of attack is governed chief- ly by wing profile, and above that angle by wing arrangement. The strip method of antorotation analysis gives uncertain results between maximum C/L and 35 deg. ‘The polar curve of a wing system, and to a lower degree of accuracy the polar of a complete airplane model are sufficient for direct determination of the limits of rotary instability, subject to strip method limitations. The results of the investigation indieate that in free flight @ monoplane is incapable of flat spinning, whereas an un- stagzered biplane has inherent flat-spinning tendencies. The difficulty of maintaining equilibrium in stalled flight is due primarily to rotary instability, a rapid change from sta- Dility to instability occurring as the angle of maximum lift is execeded. April 16, 1928 N.A.C.A. Report No. 277. The Comparative Performance of an Aviation Engine at Normal and High Inlet Air Tem. peratures—by Arthur W. Gardiner and Oscar W. Schey. This report presents some results obtained at the Lang!cy Memorial Aeronautical Laboratory of the N.A.C.A. during an investiga. tion to determine the effect of high inlet air temperature on the performance of a Liberty 12 engine. The purpose of this investigation was to ascertain, for normal service carburcior adjustments and a fixed ignition advance, the relation be- tween power and temperature for the range of carburetor air temperatures that may be encountered when supercharging to sea level pressure at altitudes of over 20,000 ft. and with- out intereooling when using plain aviation gasoline and mix- tures of benzol and gasoline. ‘The results show that for the conditions of test, both the brake and indicated power decrease with increase in air tem- perature at a faster rate than given by the theoretical assump- tion that power varies inversely as the square root of the ab- solute temperature. The observed relation between power and temperature when using a 30-70 blend of benzol and gasoline was found to be linear. N.A.C.A. Report No. 272. The Relative Performance Ob- tained with Several Methods of Control of an Overcompressed Engine Using Gasoline—by Arthur W. Gardiner and William E. Whedon. This report presents some results obtained dur- ing a: investigation to determine the relative performance, characteristic for several methods of control of an overco:- pressed engine using gasoliic and operating under + © ..+-l conditions. For this work, a special single cylinder test eu- gine, 5 in. bore by 7 in. stroke, and designed for ready adjust ment of compression ratio, valve timing and valve lift while ranning, was used. ‘The following comparative results are based on the opti- mum performance for the engine obtained with non-detonat- ing fuel at a compression ratio of 4.7. The power and fud consumption with full throttle, but retarded ignition, remained substantially constant at the higher compression ratios, the order of ignition timing permitting full throttle operation ranging from 30 deg. at 4.7 to 3 deg. at 7.3; exhaust tempera- tures, heat loss to the cooling water, and explosion pressures at the higher ratios were normal. At the compression ratio of 7.5, the yower obtained when throttling the carburetor to control detonation was about 39 per cent. less and the fuel consumption was considerably lower. With detonation con- trolled at full throttle by retarding the ignition with time of inlet valve opening constant and time of inlet valve closing varied, the power was about 23 per cent. less and the fuel consumption was greatly increased. By varying the timing of the inlet valve to reduce the effective compression ratio time of inlet valve opening and closing varied simultaneously, the power was about 29 per cent. less and the fuel consump- tion was greatly increased. N.A.C.A. Report No. 278. Lift, Drag, and Elevator Hinge Moments of Handley Page Control Surfaces, by R. H. Smith. This report combines the wind tunnel results of tests on four control surface models made in the two wind tunnels of the Navy aerodynamic laboratory, Washington Navy Yard. The purpose of the tests was to compare, first, the lifts and the serodynamic efficiencies of the control surfaces from which their relative effectiveness as tail planes could be determined; then the elevator hinge moments upon which their reletive ease of operation depended. The lift and drag forees on the control surface models were obtained for various stabilizer angles and elevator settings in the eight foot tunnel by the writer in 1922. N.A.C.A. Report No. 279. Tests on Models of Three Bri- tish Airplanes in the Variable Density Wind Tunnel, bY April 16, 1928 AVIATION The “Pirate’s” 1100 POUND BOMBS, dropped from Keystone Pirates — Standard Bombers of the Army Air Corps — Destroyed their Target — The Swift Island Bridge over the Pee Dee River - In a Triumphant Demonstration of Ability of Personnel and Efficiency of Equipment — December 23, 1927. Performance and Maintenance features — which the Army found inherent in The Pirate — are characteristic of all Keystone Products. The Pathfinder Commercial Transport is the Pirate design equipped with 3 Wright Whirlwind Engines — with a De Luxe 10-Passenger cabin — A Sensational achievement in the realm of Modern Transportation. Prey Full particulars gladly furnished on request. KEYSTONE AIRCRAFT CORPORATION Bristol, Pennsylvania 1019 Cause and Effect The photograph on the right is of the Swift Island Bridge over the Pee Dee River, showing damage done by 1100 pound bombs dropped from Keystone “Pirates”. ‘One of these giant bombers is shown on the left. Interior view of “Pathfinder” cabin.

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1020 George J. Higgins, W. S. Diehl, and George L. DeFoe. This report contains the results of tests made in the N.A.C.A. variable density wind tunnel on three airplane models sup- plied by the British Aeronautical Research Committee. These models, the BE-2E with R.A.F. 19 wings, the Bristol Fighter with R.A.F. 15 wings, and the Bristol Fighter with RAF. 30 wings, were tested over a wide range in Reynolds Numbers in order to supply data desired by the Aeronautical Research ‘Committee for seale effect studies. ‘The maximum lifts obtained in these tests are in agreement with the published results of British tests, both model and full scale. No-attempt is made to compare drag data, owing to the omission of tail surfaces, radiator, ete., from the model, but it is shown that the scale effect observed on the drag co- efficients in these tests is due to a large extent to the parts of the models other than the wings. N.A.C.A. Report No. 275. The Effect of the Walls in Closed Type Wind Tunnels, by George J. Higgins. A series of tests have been conducted during the period 1925-1927 by the N.A.C.A. in the variable density wind tunnel to determine the effect of tunnel-wall interference and to determine a cor- rection which ean be applied to reduce the error caused there- by. The use of several empirical corrections was attempted with little suecess. The Prandtl theoretical corrections give the best results, and their use is recommended for correcting closed wind tunnel results to the conditions of free air. An appendix is attached wherein the experimentally de- termined effect of the walls on the tunnel velocity very close to their surface is given. This is of special interest because a “scale effect” was found in the boundary layer with a change in the density of the tunnel air. Cireular of the Bureau of Standards No. 346. Light Me- tals and Alloys, Aluminum and Magnesium. Priee $1.10. Obtainable from the Superintendent of Documents, Govern- ment Printing Office, Washington, D. C. With the increasing use of light alloys, notably aluminum and magnesium, for aireraft construction as well as in other industries there has een a considerable demand for accurate information on the properties, statistics, and manufacture of these metals, In 1919 the Bureau of Standards issued a circular on the sub- ject which has been revised and brought up to date in the form of circular No. 346. A mass of information has been sifted and condensed and much of it is presented in the form of 115 tables and 113 figures in this circular. The physical mechanical properties of aluminum and magnesium and their light alloys are given with the variation of the properties eaused by changing the compoaition of the alloys by the Presence of impurities, mechanical working, by mechanical working, by changes in conditions of manufacturing opera- tions, and by heat treatment. In addition metallography, cor- rosion resistance, and methods of protection against corrosion, the theory of heat treatment, and the application of the al- loys to industry are discussed. There is also a classified bib- Hiography of close to 3000 titles appended. Sell the Foreign Markets Continued from page 977 tary or civil air services in non-manufacturing countries, our mannfacturers will find it worthwhile to send their products with highly eapable men to demonstrate their superior quali- ties. Properly qualified men will find government officials and others whom they wish to interest willing to give consid- eration to their proposals. This is true also in countries where airplanes have not been introduced. AVIATION April 16, 1928 After our men have kept a few planes operating in good condition for a time, they ean sell engines, parts and sup. plies for maintenance and new planes for training, new air services, flying elubs and individual use. A few good trans. portation men could aid in determining where commercial services are justified and in building up traffic. Cooperation along these lines among manufacturers is certain to benefit them as it has automobile, tire and road-building machinery manufacturers. Each manufacturer has individual problems to be solved and their working ont will be influenced by the produet to be the market to be supplied, the capital available, the abi of the organization’s personnel and lesser items. A large manufacturer has formed a subsidiary export corporation; another my employ an export commission agent and a third may select native agents in foreign countries. Foreign sales may be handled by the domestic selling and shipping organi- zation or by a separate export department. One of the vice presidents may have an aptitude for handling the exporting end of the business successfully. Should Study Foreign Market Needs Probably a high officer of the company, capable of the work, should be responsible for an export department. Some of his duties would be to learn the needs of his chosea forcign markets to select highly qualified men (Americans) to repre sent him abroad, to supervise their work and support and as sist them carefully, to look after selling terms and collectivus, to supervise the clerical assistants handling the paper work and to see that the produetion and shipping departments turn out and ship at the time promised exactiy what las been or- dered for the foreign purchasers. Better results can be obtained by maintaining an organi tion abroad to maintain relations with government officials and others interested in aeronautie developments, demonstrate the products’ uses, sell, help maintain the equipment sold and serve generally the exporter and users of his products. Exporters of parts, appliances and even of some types of aireraft may find it advantageous to employ the export de- partment of another manufacturing exporter who maintains an export department and who handles aireraft or other pro- duets which do not compete with theirs. Several small mann- facturers can form an export corporation to handle all their products. It will be necessary to consider the cireumstanees in each case in order to determine the best way to organize and operate successfully in the exporting business. Financial Advice Valuable The question of terms and discounting buyers’ obligations will be influenced by the exporting company’s capital avail- able for finaneing export shipments, the persons to whom they sell, and related points. A good eredit agency or the exporter’s bank should be consulted with regard to the credit standing of possible customers and the terms upon which sales may be most profitably and safely made. The advice of bankers is very valuable in settling all these questions. One of the problems not met with in domestie business ‘s the time needed for correspondence between the exporter’s office and his agency abroad or his foreign customers. Pa- tience will be necessary in making all details and other import- ant points clear to the man abroad, especially when he is the foreign purchaser. It is the exporter’s duty to explain fully his produet, his terms, and every other detail which may be inquired about by foreign prospective purchasers. Ab- solute honesty and square dealing are essential to build uP and maintain sales. The resulting increase in business and the prospects for * constantly enlarging movement of aeronantic products to * April 16, 1928 AVIATION Which Plane Shall I Buy? UGGEDNESS, safety, speed, efficiency, comfort, stability, beauty, low operating cost—these are vital points to be considered in the purchase of an airplane. And they are points on which Stinson planes have built the sound reputation they enjoy today. They have crossed the turbulent Atlantic. They have flown over Europe, Turkey, Persia, India, China, Japan, frozen Alaska, Canada, and even into the wastes of the Arctic, north of Point Barrow. They are proving themselves daily on mail lines, air taxi lines and in the service of many corporations and private owners. Competitive tests—such as the 1927 Ford Reliability Trophy which was won by a Stinson-Detroiter Monoplane—have served only to strengthen their position in the field. Stinson planes are made in three types—six-place monoplane, five-place bipiane and three-place monoplane—each with full equipment. See these planes . .. Ask your nearest Stinson dealer to demonstrate the entire line . . . Prove to yourself shat they excel in every vital point of interest. Stinson Aircraft Corporation —— esate toma stein Northville - - ‘The interior of the heated, sound-proof, six-place cabin of the Stinson- ‘Detroiter Monoplane is shown here.

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1022 AVIATION large number of countries throughout the world will amply repay the necessary efforts which may be given to the devel- opment of export trade. The automotive industry is a shin- ing example of the success of American manufacturers who are willing to meet the requirements of people in foreign coun- tries in need of improved facilities for transportation. The field for the aeronautic manufacturer is practically unlimited and we cannot visualize the prospects fully. Detailed Information Available The Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce maintains a head office in Washington and 23 district offices in the prin- cipal centers of business throughout the country from which detailed information regarding foreign markets, the customary methods of packing, financing, shipping and other details can be obtained. The Burean is constantly collecting information from its 51 foreign offices and all the American consular offi- cers in foreign countries and this is distributed to American raanufacturers regularly. Confidential information is distrib- uied promptly to those on the Bureau’s Exporters Index. This valuable service ean be had by American firms by apply- ing to the Bureau or any of its district offices and all manu- facturers of aircraft, engines, parts, equipment, etc., would probably find it advantageous to use the Bureau’s services. The Short “Calcutta” Continued from page 976 stainless steel, the entire structure is of anodically treated duralumin. The external shape of the hull is the result of considerable testing in the model tanks at the Rocheste> Works of Short Bros., Ltd. These tests were checked later by full scale tests on a number of full size hulls. Below the waterline, the hull is almost identical to that of the Short Singapore. It is of two-step design, having a concave V bottom and rear step of the closed or faired type to reduce the air resistanee. In Interior view of the cabin of the Calcutta, which seats 16 persons; 15 passengers and one steward. plan the hull is quite streamline with the widest section at the chine, in front of the forward step. Above the chine the hull is almost rectangular in section to provide for the large passenger cabin. Behind the cabin, it takes an elliptical sec- tion, tapering to a point at the tail. The hull is very clean with practically no breaks in its lines. The upper part, above the cabin, is rounded at the top, while the sides are curved with a large radius where they meet the chine. Instead of April 16, 1928 the usual upward curve near the stern, to raise the tail, the upper deck is practically flat from bow to stern. Unlike many flying boats, this one has an exceptionally deep cabin, making it unnecessary to increase the height of the deck at the tail. The hull is said to be unusually seaworthy, being water- tight and able to withstand operations in a heavy sea. Afloat it might be compared to a small yacht. The structure of the hull is designed so that the covering or skin takes the major part of the stress. It is constructed entirely of duralumin except for the fittings which are of stainless steel. To give the hull its proper shape in erose- section, transverse frames are employed. The frames are of Interior view of the hull behind the cabin section. (Courtesy of FLIGHT.) I section built up of two duralumin channels riveted back to back. They are bent to conform with the external shape of the hull and no cross bracing is used; this gives a hull in- terior devoid of all obstruction. The frames vary in size ac- sording to the loads imposed cn them. At the point of at- tachment of the lower wing spars they cre somewhat heavier than the rest And extend into the cabin a short distance. Sim- ilarly, at the point of attachment cf the tail surfaces they are somewhat heavier. ‘There are no longitudinal beams, as the covering is depended upon for longitudinal strength. How- ever, attached to the covering are light longitudinal stringers which serve only as local stiffeners. They are only between the transverse frames and do not go through them. These stringers are of flanged V section with flanges riveted to the skin covering. The covering of the hull is riveted in place ana is of sheet duralumin varying in thiekness accord- ing to the stress. The bottom covering, especially the steps, is heavier than at the sides. Loeal stiffening is also inereased on the bottom to withstand impact loads as the result of heavy landings. It is understood that there is no packing between the overlapping sheets of metal; the metal conneetion between the sheets is claimed to be sufficient to insure water tightness. To divide the hull into water tight compartments, bulkheads are provided across the lower parts of the transverse frames They are of such height that in the event of a leak the upper edges will be above the waterline confining the leaking water to that section of the hull. Except for the light longitudinal stringers, the entire struc- ture is of open sections with all major parts accessible from the inside. The interior is visible for inspection and can be kept clean, thus reducing the possibility of corrosion: Ex- cept for the stecl fittings, the entire structure is of duraln- min treated with the anodic process and afterwards painted in a special manner evolved by Short Bros. The company has April 16, 1928 here the crowds are— AVIATION tos Specifications: Engine, 80 H. P. Ansan. Wing Span, 30 fect 6 inches Length Overall, 22 feet. Height, 6 fect 3 inches Weight Empty, 725 pounds Performance: Top Speed, 110 M.P-H. Cruising Speed, 85-90 M.P.H. Ceiling, 15,000 feet. Rate of Climb, 800 fect Ist ‘minute. Gasoline Consumption, 20 miles per_ gallon. it Consumption, 1 per Landing Speed, 35 M.P.H. you’ll find the PINTO! 'HE Mohawk Pinto is the most “‘talked of” and “looked at” little air traveler that ever turned a prop. Wherever it lands it draws the spotlight. The Pinto is a general utility vehicle-econom- ical to operate, with performance that’s a treat— and as safe as grandma’s rocking chair. We'll be at the Detroit show. Come and have a look. THE MOHAWK AIRCRAFT CORPORATION 2600 Delaware Street S. E. Minneapolis, Minn. SchawkHivecaft THE LIGHT MONOPLANE

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1024 been protecting duralumin from corrosion by this process’ for several years and states that the upkeep of these metal boats costs less than of those constructed of wood. In addition, there is no water soakage which takes place in wooden hulls, adding to the weight of the hull and thus reducing the pay load. Duralumin, it is known, weighs less for a corresponding design strength than wood and Short Bros. claims that it hax found this type of construction the most economical from the point of view of obtaining the greatest strength for a given weight. Material that would otherwise constitute the longi- tudinal members can be added to the skin covering which consequently can be made heavier and less liable to local dam- age. It has been found that in the ease of local damage new duralumin sheeting can be riveted in place quickly and at low cost. This system of construction allows an unobstructed interior for the accommodation of passengers, crew and equip- ment and at the same time lends itself to mass production. It is stated that the hull is built in separate units and “after- wards joined together in « simple manner.” The wing tip floats follow the lines of the hull except that they are of single step design. They were developed in the Short test tank and provide the proper righting moment with the minimum of resistance. The floats are attached to the wing by five struts braced with wires; three struts are con- nected to the front wing spar and two struts to the rear wing spar. The struts straddle the interplane strut fittings on the spars except for the extra forward strut which is attached at the fitting and runs diagonally to the rear of the float. The floats are light and amply strong to withsand heavy work. Fitted With Towing and Mooring Eyes The boat has been fitted with the necessary towing and mooring eyes situated on the wing tips, bow and stern of the Imull. It was designed to be towed at 15 knots (17.27 m.p.n.) with a 15 knot (17.27 mph.) side wind. In the very nose of the hull is a compartment for mooring equipment includ- ing one ground anchor, two sea anchors, rope, boat hooks, ete. Behind this is the pilot's cockpit fitted with dual side by side control. The controls and seat on the port side are fixed, while on the starboard side the controls can be removed ‘and the seat folded. With the controls removed and the seat folded, easy access is afforded to the bow from the cockpit. ‘The cockpit is very roomy and like most European commercial passenger planes is open, protected only by a large windshield. This is fitted with automatic wipers for use in case of rain. Excellent visibility in all directions is obtained and the en- gine instruments mounted on the struts below the engine nacelles are plainly visible. Behind the cockpit on the star- board side is the navigator’s compartment, separated by 2 rolling door. This compartment contains the radio appara- tus in addition to a seat, table, drawers, map shelves, instru- ment lockers, ete. The radio apparatus includes a Marconi AD 8 set having a range of from 300 to 400 mi. using con- tinuous wave telegraphy. For telephony, the range is from 200 to 250 mi. and for Tonic Train telegraphy from 240 to 280 mi. Remote radio control can be fitted to enable the pilot to use the radio if desired. For use on the surface there is an emergency serial on a telescopic mast attached to the upper wing and for radio direction finding Bellini-Tosi loops are provided. The navigator’s compartment is fitted with port- holes providing light and ventilation. For night flying there is a dome floodlight. Aft of this compartment and separated by a sliding door, is the main passenger’s cabin, 17 ft. long, 6 ft. 6 in. wide, and 6 ft. 3 in. high. At the forward end, and the portside, there is a door or hatchway. On the door or hatch, which is on hinges outward, are fitted steps facilitating entrance to the cabin. In addition, a narrow deck is fitted to the hull near the hatch, so that the passengers can step from this to a dock AVIATION April 16, 1928 without the use of a small boat. In the cabin there are three longitudinal rows of seats. Two of the rows are placed to- gether on the starboard side with an aisle between them and the third row, which is on the port side; thus the aisle is slightly off center. The seats are constructed of duralumin tubing, upholstered with life preserver cushions which are easily detachable from the seat by unfastening a strap. The seats are quite light, weighing only two pounds each with. out upholstery. Attached to the back of each seat is a fold. ing table for the use of the occupant behind. At the front of the cabin is an instrument board visible from the seats, Port wing engine. Note orane used for lifting engine in and out of the flyingboat. (Courtesy of FLIGHT ) ‘Through port holes in the eabin walls the passengers have good vision to the sides and downward. Though these port holes are below the level of the lower wing, it is said that they provide ample light in the eabin without the ceiling flood- ght. Near the ceiling on each side of the cabin is a shelf for storing clothing or small baggage. As the fuel tanks aro some 15 ft. or so-away from the cabin, there is little danger in smoking in the cabin. The cabin has seats for 16 people, 15 of which are for the passengers and the other for the steward. The steward’s seat is at the rear of the cabin on the port side next to the galley. The galley is provided with buf- fet, oil stove, and ice box, so that light meals ean be served in flight. On the starboard side opposite the galley is the lava- tory, with running water. The rear of the main eabin is entirely under the wings. Behind and connected by a hinged door is the Inggage com- partment. It has an entrance on the port side just bebind the trailing edge of the lower wing. Steps are attached to the hatch to facilitate entrance or exit. This may also be used as an emergency exit for the cabin, in the event that ‘he forward hatch is obstructed. The baggage compartment is exceptionally roomy and free from all bracing. In additivn, the seats in the cabin are removable in the event that addi- tional loads are to be carried. Behind the luggage compst- April 16, 1928 AVIATION 1025 Commercial Airplanes with a Fighting Performance! imine | ROLE SS al mB AIRCRAFT Announce AIR ASSOCIATES, INC. 535 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. Eastern Distributors of Lockheed Aircraft LOCKHEED AIRCRAFT COMPANY General Offices, Factory and Airport at Burbank LOS ANGELES, U. S. A

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1026 AVIATION ment is cat walk on the floor of the hull so that one ean walls back to the extreme tail. However, though this procedure might be desigable for inspection and repair purposes, it is not thought advisable in flight. For transportation on land, a detachable land chassis is provided. It consists of two wheels, each mounted on one side of the hull. Each wheel is supported from the chine and the lower wing spar by four struts, two on the inner side of the wheel attached to the chine and two on the outer side at- tached to the forward and rear spars of the lower wing. They are secured by pins and are quickly detachable. In addition there is a permanent member between the chine and the spar fittings. This also acts as part of the wing trussing in flight. ‘The detachable members are fitted with special bladders to prevent them from sinking when the underearriage is being attached while the plane is afloat. Each Wing Built in Three Sections Each wing is built in three sections, two side panels and the center section. The upper and lower center sections, with the engines mounted between them, form a unit to which the outer panels are attached. The trusses of the engine mounts brace the center section. In addition there is the strut from the hull to the lower wing below each outboard engine. The outer interplane struts slope outwards because of the slight hangover of the upper wing. The upper and lower wings are the same chord and there is no stagger, the lower wing being directly below the upper. Both wings have a slight di- hedral in the outer panel. The internal wing structure is entirely of duralumin ex- cept for the bolts and some fittings which are of stainless steel. The spars, a Short Bros. development, are of box sec- tion, being built up of riveted, pressed, duralumin sheet. Top and bottom pieces are semi-circular in section with flanges at the edges. The side members, or webs, have two complete corrugations in them and are riveted to the top and bottom pieces along the flanges. This flange is also the point of at- tachment for the ribs. The shects making up the box spars Left, a section of the rear spar of the top center section. ht, a section of the top rear spar. Note laminations which reinforce the spar at point of attachment of fittings. (Cour- tesy of FLIGHT.) are laminated where the stress requires, as at the fittings and other critical points. However, the external dimensions are kept the same and only the number of thicknesses of metal is varied. These spars are said to be produced with remark- able ease using simple equipment, and have proved under test to be exceptionally strong for their weight. The ribs are built of seamless duralumin tubes riveted into the form of a Warren truss. Tubes bent to conform with the profile of the wing are used for the cap strips. Attached to these are the cross members fastened with light duralumin clips, using a single rivet in each cross member and two in the cap strip. The nose of the rib is a flanged duralumin sheet, blanked out with a flanged lightning hole. Compression members are of duralumin tubing built up of two sheets riveted together at diametrically opposite seams. Two fuel tanks, of tinned steel with a total capacity of 480 gal., are built into the center | Action picture of the Short Caleutta in the air. section of the upper wing. The tanks approach an airfoil in section and project slightly above the upper surface of the wing. They are supported by horizontal pins riveted to fit tings on the front and baek of the tanks. These pins are set in fittings padded with rabber and resting on the upper side of the wing spars. The wing covering is fabric except for the greater portion of the lower center section, which is covered with duralumin to provide a footing for the crew while working on the engines. A walkway is provided along the lower wing to the wing tips. The outer interplane struts of the center section resemble the letter “Y” when viewed from the front and the middle strut resembles the letter “Y” inverted. The two upper mem- bers of the outer interplane struts straddle the gasoline tank supports, while the two lower members of the middle strat straddle the hull and are connected to the forward spar of the lower wing. An additional member connects the lower end of this strut to the mid-point of the onter struts. Except where size does not permit, all of these members are of durs- lumin including the fairing. The center section trussing forms a very rigid structure and, besides supporting the wings, acts as the mounting for the engines. The three Jupiter engines are each mounted to the center section struts in streamlinine nacelles, similar in construction to the hull. The nacelles have no longitudinal members but depend upon the skin covering and transverse frames for bracing. All of the nacelles are identical and are almost per fect streamline forms, with only the cylinder heads and oi) cooler projecting. Oil tanks, with a combined capacity of 45 gal., are carried in each nacelle behind the engine. Te illustrations show the engines with open exhausts, but it is understood that collector rings, shaped to fair in with the nacelles will be fitted later. Gasoline is fed to the engine from the tanks in the upper center section. The installatioa April 16, 1928 | April 16, 1928 -AVIATION Se The ultimate plane for the private owner Taking its place in foremost rank CARCELY a year old, this plane has won world-wide attention. Its new comfort, ease of entry and control, un- usual performance, economy and high safe- ty factors, have in these short twelve months necessitated immediate expansion of facilities for manufacture. Today the Monocoupe is produced in its own factory—over three hundred thousand square feet of floor space—facilities for fifty planes daily if need be—completely equipped for motor manufacture as well —organization—resources—responsibility. The outstanding features of this modern, MONO-AIRCRAFT, INC “‘approved’”’ plane:—no goggles, helmets or other race-track togs required—wear a straw hat and white flannels if you wish— sit side by side, converse at full throttle— get out of fields that most planes can’t get into—fly in the-roughest weather—its new air-cooled radial motor gives you twenty miles to each gallon of gas—can’t get out of rig—eruises at 85 with a top speed of 100 miles an hour. The lowest priced, deluxe, cabin plane in production and unquestionably the easiest plane to sell to the private owner. Write, or better still visit the factory at Moline, Tlinois. Builders of the Monocoupe and the Monocoach MOLINE, ILLINOIS 1027

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is such that the fuel ean be directed from either tank to any of the engines. In the center nacelle from where it can start all three engines, is a Bristol engine starter. It can also drive # mechanically operated bilge pump or an electric generator for lighting or radio when the main engines are not running. The engines are all Bristol Jupiters developing 485 hp. at 2,000 rpm. They are of series IX, with a compression ratio of 5.3 to 1. Two to one Farman type reduction gears are used and, because of the slow propeller speed, necessitate a four-bladed propeller to obtain sufficient clearances. The propellers are of wood, with the tips of the blades sheathed in metal to prevent damage by spray. They are formed of two two-bladed propellers to facilitate handling and trans- portation. For the removal of the engines without external assistance provision is made for mounting a special crane on the upper side of the nacelles and on the upper wing. These cranes have proved so handy that they are used in the Short Bros. factory as the easiest means of installing the engines. All controls are carried through concealed channels fitted with inspection covers. Those for the empennage are carried Three view drawing of the Short Calcutta. (Courtesy of FLIGHT.) along the top of the hull and wherever practical, rod con- trols are used. The ailerons are of the Bristol-Frise type and are fitted to the upper wing only. They are rectangular in plan and are attached by four hinges. The tail surfaces, like the ailerons, are similar in structure to the wings, using - duralumin box spars and duralumin truss ribs. ‘The stabili- zer is of monoplane design, externally braced by struts from the bull. Its setting can be adjusted from the cockpit to compensate for changes in balance while in flight Only a single fin and rudder are used in spite of the fact that there are three engines. The fin has no external bracing except AVIATION April 16, 1928 that afforded by the stabilizer which is mounted half way up the fin. The fin is built in two pieces to facilitate removal of the stabilizer. The rudder, like the elevator, is of the bal- anced type. To reduce the load on the rudder bar it is fitted with a servo-rudder. The servo-rudder, believed to be the invention of Anton Flettner, inventor of the Flettner rotor, consists of an auxiliary rudder mounted a short distance be. hind the main rudder. The pilot aetuates the servo-rudder, which in turn aetuates the main rudder. The servo-rudder is connected so that the controlling action, which turns the main rudder to one side, actuates the servo-rudder in the ‘opposite direction. The resulting air load on the servo-rud- ELL] Be) fs z =D Plan of passenger accommodations in the Short Calcutta (Courtesy of FLIGHT.) der therfore helps to turn the main rudder in the desired direction. This type of control is becoming quite popular on large European planes, as it enables the pilot to work with ease on a very large area. ‘The specifications of the Short Caleutta are as follows: Length, overall, including servo-rudder 64 ft. 9 in, 4 Span, upper wing +. 93 fe Span, lower wing 76 ft. 6 in Chord, both wings 1 ft 6 in Total wing area (including 1,825 sq. ft. ‘Area of ailerons (total) 150 oq. ft ‘Area, of fin 56 sq. ft. ‘Area of main rudder 49 eq. ft ‘Area of servo-rudder 7.6 sq. ‘Area of stabilizer .. 102 eq. ft ‘Area of elevators . ft. Weight empty - Bb. Disposable load Crew of 3, with baggage, food and water 320 gal. gasoline and 30 gal. oil 2,730 Ib. Wireless, electrical equipment, instruments, tinguishers, cooking and marine equipment - 562 Ib. Pay load (15 passengers, allowing 236 Ib. each) .. 3,540 Ib. Total disposable load . 7,600 Ib. Weight fully loaded - 20,200 Ib. Wing loading .. per sq. ft 113.9 Ib. per sq. ft 12.8 Ib. per sq. ft Power loading (rated power) Power loading (full power) High speed (sea level) . 120 mph. Cruising speed + 100 mpd. Landing speed 67.5 mp. Climb (sea level) - 800 tpn Service ceiling . + 10,000 ft Normal range (320 gal.) . 5% br. or 500 mi. Range with full tanks (480 gal. gasoline and 45 gal. oil) 8.2 hr. or 740 mi. ‘A flying boat such as this, if put into private service, might be compared to a flying yacht. The interior could be fitted with bunks for half a dozen people or more, who could live aboard for long periods. There is plenty of room abo: the plane can carry heavy loads and it is known to be see: worthy. Sir Alan Cobham and Lady Cobham are now e route on a tour around Africa in a similar plane, the Short “Singapore”. The twin engine Short Singapore type of fiy- ing boat has been in service with the Royal Air Foree for some time. April 16, 1928 AVIATION 1029 A New Remarkable Record by Lieut. Alford Williams with MEYROWITZ LUXOR GOGGLES No greater strain has ever been placed on man or ship than Lieut. Williams ex- perienced in negotiating six consecutive *‘outside’’ loops on February 27. Meyro- witz Luxor Goggles were his sole eye protection. (o), N. ¥, World ‘Acme News Never before have aviation goggles been subjected to such severe tests and the U. S. Air Service Model No. 6 (pictured below) worn by Lieut. Williams came through with a perfect score. Luxor Goggles No. 5, $7.50 ROSSER CUSMIONS. GROUND CYLINDRICAL No. 6; Regular “OR MENISCUS LENSES No. 6, No. 6, U. S. Air Service in protective alum- inum case, $15.00 VENTILATION INLETS TN METAL FRAMES. MEYROWITZ LUXOR GOGGLE U.S. Air Service Model No.6 Complete comfort Asymmetrical sponge rubber cushions (Patented) provide absolute comfort and No air seepage perfect fit to the face. No fogging Ventilators in the metal frames (Patented), not in the rubber cushions, insure Perfect vision perfect and uninterrupted ventilation. No fogging or sweating with all air Adjustable bridge currents directed away from the eyes. No pressure Sold by opticians, sporting goods stores, aircraft dealers, flying schools all over Won't slip the world. Optical precision See our exhibit at the All-American Aircraft Show, Detroit. Send for complete catalog and prices Established 1875 520 Fifth Avenue St. Paul Detroit Parin

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1030 The Problem of Combating Ice Accumulation Continued from page 975 surface in a wind from some northerly quarter the thermome- ter reads about 25° F. and the humidity is moderately high. Up to the cloud-sheet’s base at about 2,000 ft. the temperature falls steadily to about 18°, the humidity correspondingly rises, and the wind veers into an east or southeast source. At the cloud base a rapid rise in temperature, a saturated condition of moisture and a drift of air from south are to be found, and within this cloud base temperatures may be considerably above the freezing point. Such clouds are 2000-4000 ft. and within them a second temperature fall with increasing alti- tude sets in. As a result, it sometimes happens that in this rain-making factory rain is turned out in the lower reaches while snow is produced higher up which in falling through the warmer layers is melted to a liquid or perhaps colloid state. The rain-factory marks the turbulent and intermixing air which is sandwiched between a heavy cold stream below and a light warm mass above. This condition persists as long as each current can be maintained and vanishes when either is oceluded. It is in falling throngh this lower reach of sub- freezing atmosphere that the raindrops attain to temperatures similarly low, and when they break against any object are promptly congealed. Sometimes they are congealed in mid- air and the result is those frozen pellets of ice which are termed sleet. When an airplane flies through air containing sub-cooled raindrops, its surfaces in smashing the surface tension of these drops provides the trigger action to set off immediate erystallization upon the plane, with the result that a coating of ice immediately builds into the wind from all leading edges on the plane. In addition to the danger of taking ice when falling rain is found freezing on the ground surfaces there is some danger when the rainfall is occurring with surface temperatures be- tween 32° F. and 40° F. if the plane is taken up over alti- tudes of 2,000 to 4,000 ft. above ground. Ice ean then be taken as a result of the temperature Inpse with altitude which is about three degrees F. for each thousand feet under such conditions. The structure of the air which has just been described as ex- istent during the fall of freezing-rain (sometimes called glaze) is slightly modified in the condition technically called a sleet- storm. Sleet is a precipitation of ice-pellets, which are really congealed raindrops frozen completely as they have fallen through the cold substrata of the atmosphere. It is likely that sleet results when a generally colder state of affairs ex- ists aloft than is found when subcooled rain falls; quite pos- sibly it is safe to assert that at the upper levels, sleet original- ly may have been snow-erystals, then melted to a mixture of slush and water in active condensation, and while in this state frozen into pellets of sleet, all this series of change oc- curring as the condensed particles fell through the air. Sleet if completely frozen is not cpable of sticking to the planes. Flights through sleet unattended by rain can be safely made, although the pellets may attack fabric or wood surfaces. The caution which should be emphasized as necessary in the sleetstorm is to the effect that the pilot must beware of taking his plane into a zone where rain mixed with the sleet will introdnee the ice-hazard. Or he may be compelled by hills to climb to an altitude which will force him into the cloud- ceiling. Here freezing clouds will make ice barnacles at & dangerous rate. This will be described later. A flight through a sleet-storm was made by pilots in a Liberty engined Fokker biplane from Hadley Airport to Bol- ling Field, Washington, Dee. 4, 1927. The factors involved AVIATION April 16, 1928 in this instance were weighed carefully and the weather con- ditions likely to be met were discussed withi the writer with a view to getting the plane throngh if this could be considered at all feasible and safe. At Hadley sleet (without any trace of rain) was falling steadily from a 3000 ft. ceiling, visibili- ty five miles, surface wind NE—26 m.p.b. becoming 40 to 50 m.p.h. at 3000 ft. and temperature 24° F. At Washington the conditions were almost precisely the same, the ceiling be- ing slightly lower and the temperature 26° F. The flight seemed feasible because the strong tailwind would send them sonthwestward at a fast rate sufficient to make them cross over a landing field every ten minutes, and they ATRUTS WELTER REPORT Decesber 20, 1927 aititude Place Hour Weather Celting Vist wind temp.o7, suis 130 madley oon Otoast 6001S West Sp, Broxen Clouds 5000 MAD Bt 3940 Park Place,Pa, 9 py Light oveast 2000 200 Temqus, Pa, 11s, orcst eo 8, 1130 muntaia, Pa. 9p. Otcast moo SHAS oe 2200 Winkelbleck 9 p, Otcat soo 18 mE oo Mie, Pee 1000 peliefonte, 11 000 mw Pe ir00 7 weap St 1810 Suowshoe.Pa. 9 p. Oteast-tt.snow 800 2 mes os 1960 Roekton,Pa, 9p. Posey Min & Slect 0 ows 25 1410 Da note,Pa. Ovenst mts & Snow 600 2 wis 1440 Clavice,ma, yp, Oteeat Smewing 300 3s wae 50 700 Clevelant,o, Woon O'east Suowing «8003/4 wE-2D 30, 3 pe Oroaat 900 0 mes SE rig. 5 were cautioned not to attempt to reach up too close to the ceiling and to be prepared to descend in case the sleet should turn to rain, an eventuality that is difficult to exactly fore- tell. A course inland was safer than over the water. The storm center was off the Carolinas’ coasts moving northeast- ward, and if the flight was much delayed would have allowed it to move so near Washington that the warmer and moister regions of the storm would close down on the course. This rare instance of all elements being favorable for flight was a notable success and the flight lasted 80 minutes only, at which time they deseended to the surprise of Bolling Field and reported that once near Baltimore ice began to form on the windshields, but was a local and transient condition soon left behind. This flight emphasizes the need for full, com- pletely accurate and well-studied meteorological advice before attempting flight. Its rarity is the exception to the rule that sleet and ice are too dangerous for flights of any length of time or distance. Besides occurring as falling drops of water (rain) the sub- cooled moisture may remain in suspension aloft as cloud oF fog. Because of its stealthy onset, its occurrence throughout a big range of sub-freezing temperatures, and the restrictions which such a cloud ceiling may set upon altitude to which a plane may ascend, this type of ice-barnacle challenges de- signers, pilots and weathermen alike. No dependable device to rid the plane of ice has been found, nor one to prevent its attachment; no designer has a creditable record for making planes invulnerable to ice, and we still lack an entirely pro- ven explanation of the physical processes involved. About these processes several features are so unmistakably prominent that when taken up in conneetion with the theories which best fit the facts they may be said to represent the April 16, 1928 AVIA TION 1031 The Bach Air Yacht The Activian Monoplane The Simplex Open Model KINNER | The Kinner 5-Cylinder Radial Air Cooled Engine Tue motor that carried the Kinner Airster Bi- plane across the Continent from Los Angeles to Boston— The motor that brought the palatial Bach Air Yacht safely over the California Ridge Route— ‘The motor that flies the beautiful standard Activian enclosed cabin three place monoplane— And the motor that gives the Kinner Courier folding wing monoplane its excellent performance— Now Powers the Snappy New Simplex Red Arrow Monoplane Motor Price $1875 F.O.B. Glendale, California AIRPLANE & MOTOR CORPORATION SAN FERNANDO ROAD AT GRAND VIEW, GLENDALE, CALIFORNIA

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1032 trv‘us as we know them in the present imperfect state of our ywiedge. It has been our privilege to hear numerous de- wails recounted by the pilots who have flown in and out of this airport during the past two winters; we have to bear in mind however that the pilots have such demands upon their attention at the onset of this ice that they may well be ex- cused if their reports do not contain all that we would like to know. To continue investigations of the nature of the processes involved in this most harassing danger of the free- air, it is hoped that the Weather Bureau may be able to have recording instruments synchronized to record on a graph the temperature, humidity, and altimeter readings of instraments mounted on the wings of the planes. One of the proven facts is that clouds composed of ice erys- tals or snow yield no ice to the planes. These clouds are however comparatively rare at ordinary altitudes and the best example of such a cloud is the mare’s tail cirrus fibers which float at great altitudes. Another kind of eirras cloud covers the sky with a greyish pall and causes rings (halos) around sun and moon. But these snowdust clouds are not frequent- ly found at flying altitudes. All other clouds seem capable of making ice when their temperatures are below the freezing point of water, and’as a result of optical phenomena often observed, the meteorologist understands them to be composed of minute spheres of water. These wet clouds run the whole gamut from the thick, high masses of water vapor just on the verge of rain to the thin shapeless masses of haze and vapor which have hardly become cloud, and throughout this range they are potential ice-makers. In fog (cloud on the ground) temperatures as low as 21° below zero F. have been trastworthily observed and the vapor particles found to be tiny water droplets. While the mysteries of the subcooled but unfrozen water droplets await. final detection, some fairly acceptable theories may be put forward. In changing from the vapor to the solid state many kinds of matter take an intermediate liquid form. In those substances which crystalize, such as water, it seems that this crystal making foree is suspended awaiting the trigger-like set-off of some obscure catalysis, which once introduced permits rapid extension of the erystal action. Subcooled water globules may perhaps be imprisoned within fa shell surface tension or electrical charges which must be broken before the perfect equilibrium of the forces is shat- tered and ice-results. In the free air, perhaps this shattering is quite uncommon, except in the turbulence of storms. Snow has been explained as developing from these minute water spheres by a process which assumes that crystallization oc eurs on certain spheres, resulting in minute hexagonal plates which in contact with other water droplets attach these to themselves and grow into the beautiful forms which we find in falling snowflakes. Microscopic studies of snowflake de- tails show evidence of imprisoned water within the structure of them and such flakes may have grown very fast. ‘And while this water vapor cooled far below the freezing point and saturating the space where we detect clouds may resist erystal action when unmolested, once smashed by the impact of the various parts of an airplane, ice forms forth- with with an appalling alacrity. As the droplets impinge on the leading edges they build forward into the wind “heads” of ice which may so alter the shape and cross section of mem- bers of the plane’s structure as to be responsible for the flight-curtailing results so often felt. It has been deemed safe to assume that the temperature of the plane’s parts can be but little different from the air in which the vapor exists. Once begun the process seems to proceed with added rapidity. ‘To take ice rapidly it is assumed that the air must be sat- urated with water where the plane is flying. The temperature of this air must be below 32° F., and perhaps down as low as 10° or 15° F. In the vicinity of zero and thence lower the amount of vapor which can remain in the air when saturated AVIATION April 16, 1928 becomes so small that even under these conditions of saturn. tion the amount of ice collected in a short time becomes small as to constitute little danger, because before they over. whelm him the pilot ean escape to more favorable location, As a rule the lower the temperature the more frostlike ang white is the deposit of ice; near 32° F., occasions have been reported of a nearly transparent coating being taken, assum. ing when becoming heavy a ripple-like surface in appearance fee cpa = ee ee rar anol Section of a Bureau of Agriculture weather map. much like the wind whipped sand-ripples frequently observe on beaches. Such roughened or wavy coatings aggravate the tendency already developing for the ice to increase head-re- sistance and decrease the suction side of the lift of the wings; if not promptly evaded or cleared it is likely to prove dis astrous to any type of plane now in regular flight-work. Once a plane has become iced-up, two alternatives for clear ing away the accumulations of glazing may be available a5 & result of properties of the air itself at some certain levd. One is to climb sufficiently to come clear above the clouds Here the ice will disappear by rapid evaporation to the com- paratively dry air clearly shown by the absence of cloud; if very dry then the ice literally vanishes as if melted sway, although the action is entirely one of evaporation directly from the ice into vapor (known as sublimation). This method of shedding ice is certain and puts the airman where he wil take no more, but it is not usually as practicable as desi able. For one reason the plane which is feeling the effect of ice must climb fast through the clouds at a time when it is becoming increasingly difficult to maintain even a constant altitude; for another the feat may almost be accomplish fails and then the craft stands in danger of getting da gerous icing on the way down through the clouds. Breaks in the cloud sheets sometimes can be taken advantage of. The other alternative for shedding the ice also has dre backs. It consists of “hedge-hopping” at the lowes! levels possible, thereby keeping out of the clouds and also at the same time making the most of any temperature increas* whith usually takes place with decreased altitude. The action bert is usually both that of evaporisation and melting. It April 16, 1928 AVIATION A Display at the All-American Aircraft Show of Real News Value Two Lavd Airplanes will be shown at the Aircraft Show, Detroit Convention Hall, April 14 - 21. These ships are standard commercial jobs, similar to those placing first and second in the 1927 National Air Derby. Similar in de- sign also to the ships supplied to Aeronautics Branch De- partment of Commerce. 1927 has been indeed a year of accomplish ment for Laird. And deliveries scheduled for 1928 indicate «ven a more successful year to come. It may be of interest that Laird is supplying some of the most seasoned buyers in the aviation world. It is a distinction to have been selected by people as aviation-wise as these: Lloyd F. Layne—Layne & Bowler Mfg. Co., Memphis, Tenn. Northwest Airways, St. Paul, Minn. Thompson Aviation Co., Cleveland, Ohio Aeronautics Branch Dept. of Commerce, USA. E. M. LAIRD AIRPLANE COMPANY Not connected in any way with manulactured exclusively by the E. M. Laird Airplane Co., Factor Laird Ship N-S-9, one of two supplied for U. S. Department of Commerce Inspectors. Standard Oil Company (of Indiana) Grey Goose Air Lines, Chicago, Ill. Joseph W. Brooks, New York, New York R. S. Kilborne, Jr., New York, New York George T. Horton, Chicago Bridge & Iron Co., Chicago, Ill. Chas. Dickinson, Chicago, Ill. Henry C. Etten, Chicago, Ill. W. P. McBride, Chicago, Ill. Earl S. Daugherty, Long Beach, Calif. We invite correspondence with established organizations, owning air-ports, and with funds available to handle Laird sales for a territory. 4500 W. 83rd St., Chicago, IL. ny other manufacturer of airplanes. Laird planes are xy, Ashburn Field, Chicago, il

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1034 feasible when the cloud does not rest on the ground as fog and when the terrain is fairly level. In crossing ridges, an airman must know his route well to keep from “piling up.” In Fig. 2, the daily Weather Chart for 8 A.M. Dee. 20, 1927, weather conditions which were attended by icing up on the Cleveland-New York airway are shown. The case is typ ical, and the attention of pilots may well be drawn to the fact that upon casual examination this may look like a flair- weather map with west and northwest winds, and the weather reports from many city stations show cloudy or partly cloudy skies which usually mean satisfactory flying. ‘These clouds may completely enshroud the higher ridges. They consist of masses of moisture released from the Great Lakes whose temperatures during the main part of winter are higher then those of surrounding regions and of the air which drifts down from interior Canada across them. Turbulence within this wind indueed by both its rapid motion and the rising ground of inland Ohio and Pennsylvania (Fig. 3), soon stirs this moisture up to be chilled into clouds whose baleful and insidious iee-tentacles are ready to grasp our finest air craft. ‘The problem of ice-barnacle action will have to be solved before regular transport lines in many regions can be said to AVIATION April 16, 19%, Materials of Construction Continued from page 974 flexible, flexible, and extra-flexible. The latter two sre wei in control surfaces where pulleys and corners mus: be gotten past; the non-flexible cable is used for bracing. i lar advantage of these wires is that they are made of a nm. ber of strands and in cases of excessive strain some «© strand will give way first thus giving a timely warning of incipient failure. The end connections of stranded cable are made im a sin. ilar manner to those of hard wire. The end of tie cable iy looped back on itself and then wrapped closely w'th copper wire and the whole joint dip soldered. Sometimes when th cable is looped back on itself the free end is spliced isto the cable proper and then wrapped with strong cord an1 paintel over with two coats of shellac. In either case a thimble i put inside the loop to prevent fraying of the strands. One end of this type of wire is always attached to a turnbuckik Table 10. be even partly independent of the weather. The problem Prepertice of Tie-Rede challenges the best engineers. Thus far, the application of Hise various soluble, saponaceons, and oily substances to the wings Streani ine pee Square Breaking Break Breaking Strenges Strengt Strength Uncoated Coated to assune 1/2 in. on (1), 6-40 (4) moa (8) and 5/6 in, on (2), (5) wo000 1000 1000 barca 2100 1900 1900 (2) 1.347 1b. 27.22 Ib. (ratte 1/20) * se-88 aaa ire (2) 14.900 197.60 (ratie 1/13) i/a-2a 3400 3400 zoo (3) 8.649 176.10 (matic 1/20) B/i6-24 6100 8700 5700 3/e- (4) 1.537 (20.10 (ratte 1/13) e-e8 ‘e600 ‘eno 8600 1/18-20 11800 11500 11800 (5) _1.758 22595 (ratie 1/13) aye-80 eas pee as ret. 28.19 43.97 (ratio 1/16) able showing approximate resistance developed by ‘deed and un-iced wires. Figures based upon en airspeed of 105 mi/br, and resistance for streamlined wires, and for eal hard mmooth wires, for uncosted and coated con~ ditions respectively. (2) Stabilizer wires total length 19 ft., .072 in. thick (2) Flying wires total length 110 f¢. in, thick (5) Landing wires total length 96 ft., .090 im. thick (4) Center section brace wires length 14 ft., .112 in. thick (5) Incidence brace wires 16 ft., .112 in. thick ‘The ice-cost is neither hard nor smodth, and the figures for thickness of the ice coats are most conservative. The plane used in the oaloulation is the Air usil Douglas Type 4. (Courtesy of Pilot Thoms P. Nelson) has helped for a brief time to prevent ice there but the action is short lived and too incomplete for safety. To eliminate struts, wires and all possible exposed surfaces, is to attack the problem in another way. Suggestions have also been a vanced that metal planes can be heated to prevent ice, and this suggestion must be given careful consideration; it has the merit of being continuous in action and positive in re- sults. It must however be developed on a scale commensurate with the great lavish expenditure of energy which we have to deal with when we search into the secrets of free air. In the meantime it will be of value for the pilot to think of this ice action in terms which in imperfect completeness have been already discussed, with the hope that any further data of jilaterest be brought to the attention of those best suited to interpret and study them. which may be tightened to take up slackness in the cable. [t is especially important that this turnbuckle be safety wird with copper wire so that vibration will not shake it loo The properties of stranded wire cable are given in Tsbl 9. The non-flexible cable is made up of 19 strands of wire the flexible cable is composed of seven small cables each x whieh contains seven strands of wire; the extra-flexible cable which is used in control systems whenever any sharp comes must be gotten round is composed of seven small cables ead containing nineteen strands. It is generally true that te more rigid the wire, the stronger it is. Thus in Table 9 i may be seen that the order of strength is non-flexible, flexibl, and extra-flexible. As mentioned above there are streamline, round and squirt section tie-rods used on airplanes to take tension loads. Te streamline rods are used externally and the others for inter! trusses. The strength properties for these rods are listd in Table 10. ‘The end connections for tie-rods are simpler and more pot tive than any of the connections for wire or cable. With wit or cable it is very difficult to get a loop that will not elongs or a joint that will not slip under load. In the case of tit rods the ends are somewhat thicker than the rest of the mi and are threaded. A rigid forked terminal screws on and locked by a lock mut. Each end of the rod is exactly t same. This forked terminal passes over a lug which is ps" of the fitting and the two are held together by a clevis pit The forked terminal is itself what is commonly knovn #8? elevis. Tie-rods may be ordered complete from several com panies by merely quoting the size or strength desired. Th proper clevis, lock nut, and pin will be sent attache! to April 16, 1928 AVIATION On Their Appointed Rounds ‘UST five years ago public attention was focused on commercial monoplane by Lieuts. Kelly and Macready. Their brilliant New York to San Diego non-stop flight emphasized the years of patient development — the thousands of safely traveled miles — which had entered into the building of their sturdy Fokker. Year after year, through performance alone, the air- worthy Fokker has taught people that a plane ‘can have inherent stability — that flying can be safe! Important among the many historical Fokker flights, same that of Commander Byrd to the North Pole. Conditions in the frozen north confirmed the efficiency and ruggedness of Fokker type veneer-covered wings, which daily use over many years in all climates — including the tropics — had already demonstrated. And again last summer, the bold ocean hops of Lieuts. Maitland and Hegenberger from San Francisco to Hawaii — of Commander Byrd and crew to France — aroused enthusiastic comment on the outstanding reliability of flying qualities and construction which result from Fokker design and engineering. Back of the notable event, however, stands the day-to- day work seldom ‘nentioned’ but constantly swelling the annals of aviation with the world-wide fame of Fokker ‘Aircraft. More than 12,500,000 miles of safe travel ‘are now accredited to Fokkers on “the swift completion of their appointed rounds. Today's universal acclaim of the advantages peculiar to the monoplane may be traced to the early success of Fokker design. Many of the details of airplane con- struction that are prevalent today, began or were proved in these dependable monoplanes — such as the Fokker landing gear, steel-tube fuselage, cabin arrangement, and the high, forward position of the pilot's cockpit. | Yet the originality of Anthony H. G. Fokker has preserved in Fokker Aircraft the non-spinning, easy-flying maneu- verability at all speeds — the inimitable balance-and pro- portion — which set them apart in the judgment of seasoned pilots and discriminating owners as air trans- ports of unapproachable safety, speed, climb and carry. The operating experience of seventeen years is bui into every detail of every Fokker airplane. ~All parts are manufactured to this uncompromising standard, with an accuracy which ensures safety and interchangeability. ‘This explains why Fokker owners are not subjected to the annoying failure of details that often keep airplanes in the hangar! Fokkers take to the air with the regularity essential to success in commercial planes. ‘The Fokker Super-Universal, with 400 H. P. “Wasp” engine, is displayed at the All-American Aircraft Show, Detroit, where the new 1200 H. P. Super-Trimotor F-10 (three “Wasp” engines) will be publicly announced as the greatest Fokker ever built. Complete data, with ilustrations, sent on receipt of letter indicating ‘nature of information desired. ATLANTIC AIRCRAFT CORPORATION Factory and Flying Field Teterboro Airport, Hasbrouck Heights, New Jersey Subsidiary of Fokker Aircraft Corporation, Wheeling. W. Va. SS ae LEZAES rel EBS SN ey ; is

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1036 rod. It is then up to the manufacturer to fashion the right size lug on his fitting to take the desired load. ‘The Department of Commerce is particularly insistent that the lugs be made as strong as the rods and clevises to which theyjare attached. Quoting from Paragraph 4 under Mis eellaneous Requirements in the Handbook : “The dimensions of all lugs should be such that they will fit standard clevises of corresponding sizes. The average strength of lugs of any design shall be at least 15 per cent. in excess of the rated strength, and the actual strength of any individual lug must not be below the rated strength. Lugs made of cold-rolled steel, in conformity to the limiting di- mensions given in Fig. 47 are considered to comply with the above requirements. “Lug designs of other materials, or not in conformity with the dimensions of Fig. 47 will have to be tested before acceptance. Such tests must be carried to de- struction of the lug and the type of failure reported. “The following rules govern the use of Fig. 47: “J. Dimensions T and D are determined by the dimensions of the fork ends of the standard terminals and the area re- quired for bearing of the pin. “2, Dimension K is determined by the required strength and the fork end dimensions. It shall be neither exceeded nor diminished, except to the extent of the manufacturing toler- ances. “3, Dimension M is a minimum which may be exceeded if desired. “4. Dimension B is the least width of shank allowable with the given plate thickness, t, and may be exceeded if desired. “5. When pin plates are used, care must be taken that the stress imposed on the pin plates by the pin can be carried into the shank of the lug.” ‘These requirements are self-explanatory and Fig. 47 is given in such detail that acceptable Ings can be designed with a Fy 3 5 i AVIATION Binag! SS FIER SNS” * Fie. 7 minimum of effort. The rated strength of the wire to be used as read from Tables 9 or 10 will indicate the lug to be designed from Fig. 47. Rivets are often used to fasten two tubes together such a5 torsion tubes, to fasten fittings in place, and to join metal sheets. In the use of duralumin where the process of weld- ing has met with but little suecess all joints must be riveted. In the newest type of wing beam construction, that of all metal flanges with trussed web, rivets are used extensively. The strength properties of rivets both dural and steel are listed in Table 11. The values given in the Table are for single shear. When the rivet is in double shear the allowable strength given in Table 11 may be doubled. Fig. 48 is an illustration of a rivet in single shear and in double shear. Whenever possible a April 16, 1928 rivet should be put in double shear as this not only doubles its strength in shear but imposes a concentric load on the lug. It prevents any tendency to twist and tear off the head of the rivet. Dural rivets should always be driven within half an Lour after heat-treatment while they are’still plastic. After that Table 11. Shearing Strength ef Rivete, Bolte or Pins. Strength in single shear a) 1/16 93 209 232 3/se 207 ae 518 oh12 294 343 736 ife 369 431 910 2138 447 ee 1117 5/32 576 672 1440 2364 633 739 1580 3/6 828 966 2000 190 849 991 2120 7/32 1128 1316 2a20 218 i101 1285 2750 ifs 1473 i719 3570 5/16 2301 2695 5630 3/8 3315 3868 8110 4375 4509 5261 11100 if 5889 6872 14440 5/8 9206 10738 23000 3/4 13254 15463 33130 18 18039 21046 45100 i es562 27489 58900 Yor 4uralunin bodts, pine ana rivete. For mild sarbon (1025) ateel. For aiokel steel (2530). period of time they become too brittle and the heads crack easily and corrosion sets in, A good broad head is advisable especially where the sheet being joined is very thin otherwise the head may tear through the sheet. When more than one row of rivets is necessary each succeeding row should be staggered. It is especially important that the first row should not be too near the edge of the sheet. Sheets riveted together should be just as strong in bearing as the rivets are in shear. Table 12 gives the strength of steel sheet in’ bearing against different size rivets; Table 13 is a similar chart for duralumin sheet in bearing against rivets. The process of welding steel consists in heating the joint ends to a white heat (2200 deg. F.) and while at this tempera- ture fusing the metal of the welding wire with the metal of the joint ends until the joint is filled. This requires extreme care and skill as the temperature must be judged by the color of the metal. Table 14 is a list of the temperatures and cor- responding colors of steel. The melting point of stecl is 2500 deg. F. and the welder is working near this point all the time. Every degree of heat over 1600 deg. F. is injurious to the steel, and every second this heat is applied burns out the carbon (indicated by sparks). Table 14 Temperature and Corresponding Color of Steel Degrees Fahrenheit Color BBD di acvednine -+.-Very pale yellow 460. Straw yellow 480... Dark yellow 500. Brown yellow 530. Light purple 550. . Dark purple 570. -Dark blue Red, visible in dark Blood red Dark cherry Medium cherry Cherry or full red April 16, 1928 AVIATION What provision have you made to keep the crowd off the field? STRONG Anchor Chain Link wire fence, properly placed, provides a safe area where sightseers can watch plane ma- neuvers. It keeps the crowd off that part of the field used by planes for landing and taking-off—reduces the risk of injury to both visitors and fliers, or damages to planes. An Anchor Chain Link Fence has strength to withstand the assaults of the most enthusi- astic crowd. Its Drive-anchored posts hold firm in any soil, and its fabric of heavy cop- per-bearing steel provides maximum resistance to rust and corrosion. Anchor Nation-wide Fencing Service places fencing specialists and trained erectors at your disposal. The nearest Anchor District. Office will gladly send you complete information about this service. “Buy the fence with the strongest posts and gates” ANCHOR POST FENCE CO. EASTERN AVENUE axp 35ru ST., BALTIMORE, MD. Albany; Boston; Charlotte; Chicago; Cleyeland; Detroit: Hartford; Houston; Indianapolis; Log, Angcles: Newark; New York; CHAIN LINK Bacar ke MEauRy' dan “Princiséo; “Shreveport in all principal cities.

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1038 -Bright red . Salmon ‘Orange :Lemon ‘Light yellow : White ‘The fused metal of a joint is of a east structure and does not have the physical properties or strength of the original metal. The strength of the material from %4 to % in. from the joint is also decreased. The Department of Commerce demands that the efficiency of a welded joint in unheat-treated steel should be taken as 80 per cent. A welded joint made after steel is heat-treated reduces the strength properties to those for the unheat-treated material. Wires and cables should never be welded as heat will destroy their strength almost entirely. The welding and repairing of tubular structures can be performed successfully providing the following precautions are observed: 1) No splices shall be made in structural members (i.e. longerons, spars, interplane struts, and landing struts) by butt welds subject to direct tension or bending stresses, un- less the joint is reinforced by riveting, pinning, telescoping or other auxiliary means. 2) Welded joints shall not be cleaned up by filing, as such treatment causes a loss of joint efficiency. '3) The parts to be welded shall always be cleaned by sand papering or brushing with a wire brush. 4) For splicing tubes “fishtail” welded joints should be used, The angle between the weld and the axis of the tube should not be more than 30 degrees 5) All splicing should be done as close to the strut point as possible, as a tubular member is under greatest stress in the middle and the full strength in that portion of the tube should be retained. ‘The term brazing is defined as a method of joining steel parts by means of dipping them in a molten copper zine mixture. The strength of the brazed joint depends upon the surface area of the joint and the clearance between parts. ‘This clearance should be as small as possible. The allowabl strength for a brazed joint is 10,000 Ib. per sq. in. of joint area that is subject to brazing. Soldering is defined as the application of a tin-base or sil- ver-base metal to two surfaces to form a joint. This type of joint may not be used in the primary structure of an air- plane as small applied loads and vibration will soon cause failure of a soldered joint. Soldering is often used on gas tanks. Where parts are subject to vibration or temperatures exceeding 150 deg. F. and it is not desirable to use brazing, silver solder should be used. No parts should be welded that have already been soldered or brazed. Duralumin is an alloy of aluminum which is about as strong as mild carbon steel but weighs only one third as much. ‘This tremendous advantage in weight however is nullified somewhat by the fact that duralumin cannot be welded or AVIATION April 16, 1928 brazed, and because the modulus of elasticity of duralumin is but slightly more ‘than one-third that of steel. Thus for long columns i.e. those that fall within the Euler formnls, there is but a very slight weight advantage and the difficulty of end connections is present. However in the constant at tempt that is going on to decrease the structural weight of po as Smale Sheay Povble Shear Fig.+8. airplanes to a minimum duralumin is finding its place and daily becoming more popular as manufacturers become familiar with its working. The physical properties of duralumin are: Weight per cubie foot pounds Ww Ultimate tensile strength Ib. per sq. in. 55,000 Yield point de...) Ultimate shearing strength of rivets ” " ” " 30,000 Ultimate bearing strength 2 2 FERN Modulus of elasticity 7» 10,000,000 To realize these properties duralumin must be heat-treated It must also be worked within two hours after heat-treatmen: se it will become so brittle that working is quite impossible, If operations must be performed on it that will take longer than two hours the material should be annealed and then the finished product heat-treated. Duralumin corrodes easily in the presence of moisture ani must be coated with grease, bitumnastic, or an oxide (anodic treatment) to prevent it from eorroding rapidly. Bitumnas tie is a coal tar product that adheres to the surface of the duralumin and prevents moisture from coming in eontact with it. Grease acts in the same manner if the surface is kept well covered. The anodic treatment of duralumin requires an elec trie bath in which the metal must be submerged for a definite period of time and the current passing through be kept with in limits. ‘This treatment causes a coat of aluminum oxide to form on the surface which is a very good protection. Thus far this has proven to be the most successful means of pro- tecting duralumin from corrosion. Columns of duralumin are classified as long or short el. umns depending upon their slenderness ratio. Table 3 of Chapter 5 gives the critical length of duralumin tubing of var- ious diameters that determines whether they are long or short columns. Tubes of greater length than those given in Table 3 ar long columns that are designed by the Euler formula. This formula is Bize of aye Geel [ane [om [om [om [ome [oe [ome | oe | Faas] ag SGI FN 1 | [oer Table 12. Bearing strength of steel sheets on rivets. Allowable bearing—95,000 1b./sq. in. For use with A.S. Spe 10,201 sheet. April 16, 1928 AVIATION 1039 HE NAME Velie is a synonym for quality and superior performance. Highest quality materials, skilled work- manship and mechanical excellence in- sure ruggedness and sufficient over- strength with extreme lightness. VELIE MOTORS CORPORATION, Moline, Illinois VELIE

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1040 P = cr'EI/L’ where E = 10,000,000 for duralumin. Fig. 42 of Chapter 5 is a direct reading chart for steel tubes as long columns. These are designed by the same formula as the duralumin tubes but for mild earbon steel E = 28,000,000 and for chrome-molybdenum steel E = 29,000,000; thus since their E is almost three times as great as the E for duralu- min the values read from the chart will be almost three times as great as the allowable P for duralumin. However if we use the seale of Fig. 42 marked E = 29,000,000 and divide the load P obtained by 3 the answer will be only 2 per cent. off and this will be on the safe side. Therefore Fig. 42 may be utilized to design duralumin columns as well as steel. It must be borne in mind that this chart is figured for 8 co- efficient of restraint of unity but as most duralumin columns are figured on that basis it will cause no complications. If the ends of duralumin column are heavily gussetted and riveted a restraint coefficient of 1.5 is allowable. In this case the allowable load may be figured for a coefficient of unity and the result increased 50 per cent. to give the allow- able load for a long column with a value of C = 1.5. Tubes of shorter length than those given in Table 3 are short columns and should be designed by the so-called straight line formula. This formula agrees most nearly with a large number of actual tests made on duralumin tubing ranging from % to 2% inch diameter. This formula is: P = 48,000A — 400LA/pVe in which A is the area of a cross-section of the tube and may be obtained from Table 5 of Chapter 5. Li is the length of the tube p is the radius of gyration of the tube and equals VI/A. The value of I may be obtained from Table 4 and ¢ figured. © is the value of the restraint coefficient. Fig. 49 is a nomographic chart for duralumin tubes as short columns based on the straight line formula. The full lines are for a restraint coefficient of one and the dotted lines for a coefficient of two. For values in between the formula explained just above must be used. The allowable load for a short column does not vary directly as the coefficient of re- straint as is the with long columns and therefore the allowable load for a coefficient of unity cannot be increased proportionately as the restraint coefficient. This is unfortun- ‘ate but with some little practice the formula can be used and tubes designed quite rapidly. The table in the lower right hand corner of Fig. 49 gives the maximum load that tubes of various gauges and diameters can stand. This table must be consulted carefully if a tube whose length is less than 15 inehes is being designed. If the monogram is used as it stands values can be read off for extremely short tubes that are greater than the tube can stand. And so for tubes of 15 inches or less in length a watch must be kept on the table to see that the value obtained from the nomogram is not too great. The lower value of the two is the one to be used. AVIATION April 16, 1928 inemnincnes SUAALLAAAT LALLA ® 8 a Tt 33109 0" POD aa GAMMA) MAA * A SSSSEES WR PUWEN ex oe aw) gommp Fig. 49. Nomographic chart for duralumin tubes as short coltemns—straight line formula. The modulus of rupture and ultimate tensile strength of duralumin is 55,000 lb. per sq. in. For pure bending and for combined bending and tension the allowable stress is then 55,000. ‘This figure applies only to solid sections. As with wood nearly all duralumin beams have a form factor. Sufficient experimental work has not been done to assign 8 definite form factor to each section but the allowable stresses Bize Rivet 3 T SEE" [ane [oa [am [om [ane [om | ome | on 7 Bearing Stren iz i768 | 23ee 158 321 630 11728 | 14070 + In figuring bearing stresses for sheets under 0.035”, Table 13. Bearing strength of duralumin sheet on rivets. Allowable bearing—75,000 Ib April 16, 1928 AVIATION 1041 Accept our INVITATION to consider the ast word in up-to-the-minute enclosed Monoplanes £ chrome molybdenum tubing construction throughout ot just another airplane very attention paid to endurability and passenger comfort ngineered by Waterhouse nd built by practical mechanics reatest advancement in monoplane construction this year ighter, stronger, more durable L O N E E A G L E xceptionally clean lines and perfect visibility “The Lone Eagle” Place your orders now for early de- livery. For addi- tional information write, telephone or wire What the fliers will demand next year you can get now in “THE LONE EAGLE” RYAN MECHANICS MONOPLANE COMPANY 154 Slauson Avenue, Los Angeles, California

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1042 have been cut down. A value for the modulus of rupture of 45,000 Ib. per sq. in. is the maximum allowable. This value may be applied only to particularly well-designed sections. For ordinary sections a value of 40,000 Ib. per sq. in. is ad- visable. For combined bending and compression the allowable stress is somewhat less than 45,000. The formula is: Fe = fo/fe(45,000 — 36,000) + 36,000. f/fe is the ratio of bending stress to combined bending and compression stiess. It can readily be seen that if the stress were pure bending without compression this vatue would be unity and Fs would equal 45,000 Ib. per sq. in. When a large part of the stress is due to compression a value of Fs very near to 36,000 Ib. is all that is allowable. In Fig. 45 of Chapter 5 a curve for the allowable stress of duralumin tubing in torsion is drawn. The required stress in torsion or in combined torsion and bending may be de- termined in the same manner as for steel tubing. These for- mulas are explained in great detail in Chapter ‘Table 7 of Chapter 5 lists the tensile strength of common- ly used duralumin tubes. These strengths are listed under the column heading 55,000. It is to be noted that duralumin and mild carbon steel each have an ultimate tensile strength f 55,000 Ib. per sq. in. and are therefore equally strong in Duralumin however weighs only about one-third as much as the equivalent steel tube. Comparison of the third and fourth columns of Chapter 7 will illustrate this point. We have discussed in turn wood, steel, and duralumin as they relate to structural members of aircraft. All three have advantages which adapt them more nearly to a given pur- pose than either of the other two. The designer then must study each location on his plane and decide which material is most adaptable in each case. Of course it is preferable to use all but one material if possible from the view-poin simplicity, but yet if weight is to be saved and durab assured a more complicated structure must be designed. The chief advantages of wood are its great strength for a given weight especially when used in bending, its cheapness, its adaptability for experimental work or for limited pro- duction jobs, the possibility of designing very closely with- out being restricted to standard sizes, and the comparatively unskilled labor that ean be used in its working. Its disadvantages are the great waste in securing satisfac- tory quality for airplane use, the rotting in service, the ab: sorption of large weights of moisture, the inability to fasten it securely enough to take tension loads, and the inequality in strength and weight of pieces of the same lot. Steel is of course extremely strong, durable and reliable. By using alloy steels or by heat-treatment almost any desired strength of steel can be obtained. If coated with a rust pre- ventive it will last indefinitely. ‘The properties of steel are very uniform. In addition, end connections can be very readily with steel. In particular the welding of steel does away with the necessity of designing fittings which are very expensive and weigh a great deal. Then too, for 9 given strength, steel is very compact and may be used wher- ever space is limited. This also applies to external locations where a minimum of parasite resistance is desired. This is felt The main disadvantage of steel is its weight. particularly in locations where it is desired to use very thin sheet steel. To avoid local crambling a minimum gauge must be used which is often a great deal stronger than is really necessary. This adds undesired weight to the structure. An- other disadvantage of steel is that when repairs are made in the field almost always a mild carbon steel member is used for replacement. It very often happens that the member re- placed was chrome-molybdenum or alloy steel of great strength. Mild carbon steel being much weaker will destroy the safety of the entire plane. All steels look so much alik that it is quite difficult to tell one from another. Adequate AVIATION April 16, 1928 marking and education of the repair man are the only solu- tions to this problem of replacement. Duralumin has high strength combined with light weight. Its disadvantages however are the difficulty of making end conneetions, the necessity of heat-treatment to obtain its max- imum strength, the need for a protective coating to prevent corrosion, and its expensiveness. When it comes into more general use its expense will be less and constant research ix providing better protective contings. From the foregoing and other considerations it is thouzht advisable to use the various materials in the locations listed below. 1—Exposed struts should be streamlined steel tubes ior fast planes and streamlined duralumin tubes for transport planes. 2—Engine mounts should be construeted of steel and the rest of the fuselage of duralumin. 3—Spars of small externally braced thin wings should be of spruce or simple duralumin sections, while deep, internally braced wings should have trussed metal spars. 4—Wing ribs shonld be of spruce or duralumin in all sir- planes. 5—Propellers should be of metal—duralumin for large transport planes and steel for fast planes. Copyright Alerander Klemin Continued in next week's issue The Ac essory and Equipment Division Continued from page 973 The lenses are inclosed in a cylindrical glass housing with » hemispherical glass dome. The base is constructed of alumi- num having three bronze pipe stand legs. The flashing is controlled by a drum type flasher which may be set to pro- duce any desired coded signal with flashes of long duration. The type PF-8 Triple Reflector Floodlight is constructed of sheet metal and brass castings and is provided with a 180 deg. 7 element, hand cut Fresnel lens. There are three re- flectors made of chromium plated spun copper. A hemi- speherical reflector is placed behind the lamp. Two para- bolie reflectors are fitted above and below the lens so that stray light which would otherwise be wasted is utilized in producing a wider beam. This unit uses a 1000 watt lamp and can take the place of a number of smaller lights with the ordinary metal reflectors. ‘The type AF-8 Floodlight unit is similar to the type PF-8 except that it is more compact and the parabolic reflectors are omitted. It is recommended for the illumination of the air markings of the city names on the roofs of buildings. BERRY BROS. Detroit, Mich. This exhibit which covers 250 sq. ft. of floor space is fea- tured by the showing of a three place commercial airplane completely finished in Linoil and Aireraft Berryloid in a strik- ing but harmonious color combination. The fuselage snd tail surfaces are finished in Aircraft Berryloid, special napier green with gold striping and letters, while the spinner, wheels and wings are finished in Aircraft Berryloid, Waco- maize. The strats and landing gear are in black. Supple menting this feature, there are a large number of model planes finished in a wide variety of attractive color combi tions. There is also included in the exhibit a complete set of large steel door panels finished in all Berry Bros. stand- ard combinations of Aircraft Berryloid. A number of panels April 16. 1928 STEEL AVIATION IN THE AERONAUTICAL 1043 INDUSTRY Making aircraft stronger, safer, lighter WHEN work was started on the first ves- sels of iron, years ago, people scoffed at the idea. Iron was heavy—much heavier than wood. Any sensible person knew that iron ships couldn’t possibly float! What would these hard-headed critics of the iron ships have said if it had been sug- gested to them that some day men would fly through the air in machines built of so heavy a material as steel? Yet today men are flying in 'planes built principally of steel. The entire fuselage structure of the modern ’plane is of steel, and experiments made with steel wing structures indicate that the type of design will prove satisfactory. The engine and its mounting are almost entirely of steel as are the landing gear and other important ele- ments. Of course, steel replaces other materials because of its dependability, because its behavior under stress can be accurately calculated, and most important of all, be- cause of its superior strength. In most cases steel construction results not only in far greater strength but in an actual saving in weight. Steel is making aircraft strong- er, safer, and lighter as well. Bethlehem is proud to have supplied steel or steel products used in many of the ‘planes that by their successful perform- ance are demonstrating that the day of air transportation has arrived. BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY, General Offices: BETHLEHEM, PA. DISTRICT OFFICES: New York Cleveland an ebsrt Philadelphia Cincinnatt Chicago Baltimore Se Louis Washington San Francisco ortlend Atlanta Pittsburgh Portiand ‘Los Angeles Seattle Bethlehem Stee! Export Corporation, 25 Broadway, New York City, Sole Exporter of Our Commercial Products BETHLEHEM

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1044 of fabric, plywood and various metals are being exhibited and all are finished in the company’s new fabric finish known as Berryloid dope colors. This material represents the very latest development in fabrie finishes. An expert aircraft finisher is serving at the Berry Bros. exhibit during the entire show to give authoritative advice regarding the best methods for finishing aircraft. An ample supply of literature setting forth the very best thought in aircraft finishing is being dis- tributed at the Berry Bros. booth. T. B. Colby, manager of the Marine and Aviation Dept., is in charge of the exhibit. J. E. Berry, H. H. Longaker and A. L. Clark are assisting Mr. Colby. BECK DISTRIBUTING CORP. New York, New York This company is exhibiting in 50 sq. ft. of floor space i full line of Aviation Goggles. These include the “Lamo- glass”, the new “Seesall” and the new “Navigator”. The company is also exhibiting its eomplete line of new North- easter Flying Togs. Pictures and miscellaneous literature pertaining to the products being displayed are also a part of the exhibit. Mr. Beck is in charge of the exhibit and is being assisted by Mr. Brook and Mr. Garfine. B. G. CORP. New York, New York In a display area of 100 sq. ft. this company is exhibiting & complete line of B. G. mica aviation spark plugs including the B. G. Hornet. There is also a display showing the me- thods of construction and materials used in the manufacture of these plugs. Methods of testing the spark and insulation are also shown. The B. G. mica aviation spark plug is of two piece construction with mica insulation. The mica used is unbreakable and of high electric strength, resistance to heat and the plug is cleaned easily extra plug gap in the terminal nut to overcome fouling. B. G. plugs were used by Commander Byrd in his flight to the North Pole, the Army Around the World Flight, and various other famons flights. George M. Paulson is in charge of this exhibit. ALUMINUM & BRASS CORP. Detroit, Mich. ‘The exhibit of this company which covers 100 sq. ft. of floor space consists of the products which it is making for airplane engine builders. ‘The exhibit includes aluminum eastings of various kinds such as are used in engines for which the company is furnishing parts, both Bronze Back Babbit Lined Bearings and Steel Back Babbit Lined Bearings, and two piston castings. One of the features of the exhibit is a type of bearing used for Master Rod Bearings in the famous Wright Whirlwind Engines. The exhibit is in charge of C. M. Adams. BOHI BREWSTER & CO., INC. Long Island City, New York This company is exhibiting in 250 sq. ft. of floor space two floats manufactured for the Bureau of Aeronautics, Navy Dept. One is a complete all metal strong aluminum alloy float designed for a totgl submerged displacement of 6115 Ib. ‘The float is suitable for use on either the F3B-1 Boeing Ship- board Fighter or the O2U-1 Vought “Corsair” Observation Plane. It is considered the lightest ever placed in production, having a displacement of approximately 20 1b. per pound of float, which is one of the highest ratios ever obtained in an all metal float built to Navy specifications and requirements ‘and capable of being catapulted. The interior is constructed of practically only extruded metal and tubes, and the bottom AVIATION April 16, 19% of the float is bolted with spevial machine screws. This per mits easy removal for repairs or replacements. There is js. corporated in the design a resilient nose bumper the contin, ity of which insures the streamline form. There is also being exhibited a framework, without cover ing, of a Monel metal float designed for the UO1-C Vought airplane showing the very intricate sheet metal const-netion, This float Js practically immune from corrosion and although An all metal main float for the Vought 02U-1 bult by the fi Brewster Co. the metal itself is over three times as heavy as aluminum al loys the float when completed is approximately only 10 pe heavier than a similar dural float. As no commercial floats can be spared for the exhibit a cutaway model of th forward end of a float is being exhibited to show the unusual sturdy construction. It also demonstrates the esse with which the interior can be cleaned or repaired. The wing tip floats exhibited are those developed by th: company with one piece top and bottom and streamlined re markably well. ROBERT BOSCH MAGNETO CO., INC. Long Island City, N. ¥. The exhibit of this company which covers 200 ‘sq. ft. of floor space is featured by the showing for the first time of type “GF” Super-Energy magnetos for seven and nine cylix- der radial aircraft engines. Original Bosch GF magnetos are of the inductor type giving four sparks per revolutio. Armature windings and interruptions are stationary instead of rotating as in other types of Robert Bosch magnetos. Th inductor rotors an of small diameter, light weight sn are made in ost Piece with the drive shafts, Tis reduces their ine tia to a minimus and prevents e& gine vibration froa effecting the oper tion of the mage tos. The 1 shafts are mountel ball bearing A Type GF Super-Energy magneto for \nich are pest redial’ enotees. nently lubricate! with a special grease which does not have to be renewe unless the magneto is disassembled. Distributor gear bes ings are fitted with an oil reservoir of generous dimensioss so that these magnetos are operated for long periods withot attention. Like other original Bosch Super-Energy msg* tos, the GF types have one piece cast aluminum frames #4 April 16, 1928 AVIATION This advertisement is a barometer of the Industry's Progress — look for it each month. The New CONSOLIDATED AIRCRAFT Instrument Panel (Type A) Now Standard on Curtiss-Robin Alexander Eaglerock Arkansas Command-Aire International Aircraft Mohawk Aircraft Co. Taylor Bros.”Aircraft Co. 5,000 NEW PLANES will fly this year Our instrument sales now forecast HE consistently -in- creased production of commercial aircraft continues to make itself felt in the rapidly growing demand for Consolidated Instruments as standard equipment. For, now our scheduled deliveries, singly and in sets, are on the basis of equipment for 5,000 planes this year. CONSOLIDATED Instrument Company of America, Inc. 41 East 42nd St., New York Western Representative — M. E. Hulse, 1835 Park Boulevard, Oakland, Cal. ‘The type F Star Pathfinder Compass is of the magnetic type and represents the latest development in aircraft com- passes. It has a builtin compen: sating unit eliminating the use of troublesome loose magnets. This unit This fact is likewise a sub- stantial tribute to the de- pendability of our products . and to the widespread preference for Consolidated Instruments on the part of American aircraft_manufac- turers. Today one or more Consoli- dated Instruments is stand- ard equipment on most Am- erican commercial airplanes. L066 is readily accessible for adjustment by means of a removable cover plate. This compass mounts flush with the instrument board surface. It has a spherical magnifying cover lens afford- ing great visibility. Altimet-rs, Tachometers, Oil Pressure Gauges, Gasoline Gauges, Thermometers, Air Speed Indicators, Compamres, Navigation Lights, Landing Lights, Dash Lights, etc. |

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1046 are fally dirt and water_proof_-'The magnetos and windings are fully enclosed but are made accessible by removing a cast aluitinum dust cover. Provision is made for the use of a hand operated booster magneto to furnish a starting spark. A. J. Poole, manufacturers’ sales manager is in charge of the exhibit. BUTLER MANUFACTURING CO. Kansas City, Mo. ‘The feature of this exhibit which covers 100 sq. ft. of floor space is the showing of a model steel airplane hangar pat- terned after the Butler Steel Hangar which was put up for the Marshall Flying School owned by the Nicholas-Beazley Airplane Company, Marshall, Mo. Like the company’s big steel hangars, the model is made with wall and roof sheets of 24 gauge tight coated galvanized steel. The sheets have the deeply panelled corrugations that are unique with Butler Butler Steel Hangar used by the Marshall Flying School Hangars. The model shows how the sheets are bolted togeth er and to the steel frame with galvanized bolts. It also shows the wide span of the building, the excellent lighting conditions that are inside of the hangars, and the ease with which the doors can be operated. In addition, the model demonstrates fhe ease with which Butler Hangars can be erected, their completeness, the economy of their enlargement, and also the simplicity of their being moved and re-erected with practically no loss at all. H. White, advertising manager of the company, ia in charge of the exhibit. CASS TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL Detroit, Mich In a display area comprising 400 sq. ft. the Cass Techni- eal High School is exhibiting gliders that have been made by its students in acronantics. The gliders are of the biplane type, with a wing spread of 20 ft., and a cord of 52 in., giving a calculated landing speed with a 150 Ib. pilot of approxi mately 20 mp.h. The construction throughout is of wood and fabric with wire bracing. The wing section is a modified Clark Y. ‘According to the officials of the school the main reason for this work is to develop greater interest in gliders and glider building in this country. At the present, classes have under construction eight gliders, and at an early date a number of Detroit boys will be taught to fly them. The head of the Aeronautics Department of the Cass Technical High Schga} is A. D. Althouse. CANVAS-LEATHER SPECIALTY CO. Trenton, N. J. This company is exhibiting in 200 sq. ft. of floor space a full line of winter and summer flying suits, summer and win ter helmets, radio helmets, face masks and wind cones. The company has been furnishing this equipment to the Army and Navy and the Department of Commerce for some time. All of its “Snappy-Snug” flying clothes are made according te The company states that it uses government specifications. AVIATION April 16, 192% nothing but the finest material obtainable and considers ity workmanship of an unexeelled nature. Only recently it wa awarded Navy contracts for crash helmets and. summer hd- mets. Stanley Switlik, president of the company, is in charge of the exhibit. CLEVELAND PNEUMATIC TOOL CO. Cleveland, Ohio This company which is exhibiting in 100 sq. ft. of floor space is showing Aerol Shock Absorbing Strats. This new type of landing’ gear which is fitted to many of the planes on exhibition at the Show operates on the compressed air and oil principle, similar to the Gruss Air Spring which has bem used for many years on trucks and busses for shock absorp- An Aerol shock absorbing strut. tion. It is claimed by the manufacturer that Aerol Strate absorb without recoil landing impact equal to several times the weight of the loaded plane. The struts are manufactured in various sizes, one for each weight class of plane. They are now offered as standard equipment by many leading manufae- turers. In the opinion of the manufacturer it is such pre- duets as Aerol Shock Absorbing Struts that will hasten the publie acceptance of air travel that is so necessary to the proper development of the industry. CROUSE-HINDS CO. Syracuse, New York In 200 sq. ft. of floor space this company is exhibiting its complete line of airport lighting equipment which includes such items as revolving beacons, landing field lights, airport projectors, boundary lights, obstacle light, marker and ap- proach lights, wind sock and wind tee lights, ceiling projee- tors, and course lights. The revolving beacon being exhibited is known as type DCB24 and is equipped with a cast aluminum barrel, eas aluminum trunnion arm, and a cast aluminum base. The mo- tor reduction bearing contact rings and all ether mechanism parts are mounted under the base and are protected by an enclosing easing. This beacon is equipped with any of the standard Government code wheels for flashing the auxiliary course lights. ‘The landing field light is type LCE24 and is a floodlight projector equipped with a separate lens to spread the light in a horizontal plane without changing the. natural beam spread of the vertical plane. Three ‘different spread lenses are available, 40 deg., 60 deg., and 80 deg. The projector is provided with a set of vanes or louvers which cut off all stray light above the horizontal ‘The type AKP 180 deg. airport projector being shown con- sists of a glass reflector of such design that the vertical spread is limited to a very few degrees but it has a horizontal spread of 180 deg. It is designed to take lamps up to and including 1500 watt with either the Mogul screw or the two-prong base. It is also provided with a system of vanes or louvers aud is made of cast aluminum and is arranged for mounting on top of 2% in. pipe. The ceiling projectors being shown are known as type DCEl4 and type DCELI. The first has a 14 in, diameter re flector and the other an 11 in. diameter reflector. Both are equipped with vanes or louvers to cut off the spill light. The 14 inch projector is made with a cast aluminum casing and the other is made with a sheet metal case. Both are weather April 16, 1928 AVIATION 1087 TERMINAL FACILITIES for SHIPS of the AIR ODERN transportation demands terminals for railroads, ports for the carriers of ocean commerce and highways for the operation of millions of motor vehicles. A new demand is becoming apparent —airports or terminals for air traffic. Cities that provide terminal fac for aircraft will place themselves in a position to be in the lanes of — ir commerce and will naturally attract manufacturers of aircraft and accessories. ‘American Airports Corpora- tion is an organization of spe- cialists prepared to render, to AMERICAN AIRPO those desiring an airport, a complete service from the selection of a site to the operation of the finished terminal. A complete service or any part of it is available. Lieut. Col. Stedman S. Hanks is president, and the directors are: Maj. Gen. John F. O’Ryan, president of Colonial Air Transport; Ex-Sen. James W. Wadsworth; Wm. B. May: chief engineer Ford Motor Co. J. Leslie Kinkaid, vice-pres. United Hotels Corp.; Guy G. Gabrielson; George Mixter, vice-president Division of Acro- nuatics, Stone & Webster. RTS CORPORATION 527 Fifth Avenue, New York City

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1048 proof and both are equipped with two-way focusing mechan- iam and peepsights for adjusting the lamp at the focal point of the reflector. On one side there is a quadrant and pointer. The type DCE Course Light consists of a 14 inch diameter parabolic reflector mounted in a cast aluminum casing. It Right DCB24 Left, Type LCE24 landing field light revolving beacon. Lupe has a standard Mogul screw base receptacle which is mounted on a two-way focusing mechanism and the barrel of the pro jector is equipped with peepsights. The front lens is a 40 deg. “Spredlite” lens made of special red glass. AEROPLANE AND MOTOR CO., INC. Garden City, N. ¥. ‘The accessory exhibition of this company is featured by a complete showing of Curtiss-Reed metal propellers. The Cur tiss-Reed metal propeller is stated to be the pioneer in this field, the first propeller having been successfully flown in 1921 Field, Long Island. Official recognition of this CURT at Curtiss 2 ——— Custiss-Reed duralumin propeller, Type propeller came in 1923, when the Navy Curtiss racers which took first and second place in the Pulitzer Trophy Race, and the Navy Curtiss racers which duplicated this feature in the Schneider Cup Race in England, were equipped with Cw Reed propellers. The officials of the company state that since that time every Pulitzer and Schneider Cup winner has used — a ——— Curtiss-Reed duralumin propeller, Type D. the Reed propeller. This type of propeller has been adopted by both the Army and Navy.’ It is made of duralumin and two standard types are being exhibited. The original “D” type which is twisted from a flat slab of rolled duralumin and the new “R” type which is forged from a solid ingot of AVIATION — April 16, 1928 metal. Various stages in the manufacture of both types are hown, and there is also being exhibited the “A” type, a modi fication of the twisted slab type of propeller equipped with a new steel hub which it is stated has proven highly satisfac. tory in tests. DETROIT AIR APPLIANCE CORP. Detroit, Mich. The exhibit of this company, which covers 100 sq. it. of floor space, includes the necessary circulars and parts of its produet, the Heywood High Pressure Injection Starter, mount. ed on a board. The main feature of the exhibit is a starter mounted on an OX-5 engine which is located immediately outside the building to permit actual demonstration of its operation. The Heywood High Pressure Starter is adaptable to any internal combustion engine for aircraft, speed boats, automobiles, trucks, tractors, ete., and consists of a small auto- matic pump with compound distributor. The pump maintaii a constant pressure in a small tank of a capacity of 1 cu ft. or at a pressure of 300 to 400 Ib. A minute quantity of pure compressed air, released by pressure on a starter b ton, turns the engine over to firing position. Simultaneous with reaching this position a properly carbureted mixture of gasoline, atomized at 350 Ib. pressure, is forced into the eyl- inder in eyclie order. The start is instantaneous with the pressing of the starter button ‘The manufacturer states that one filling of the small air tank will, when used with the Heywood Compound Distriba tor, start a 400 hp. Liberty engine 12 to 15 times without any sistance from the pump. The pump, however, replaces the mount of air used for one start in less fhan two minutes hus the tank is automatically refilled and automatically cuts off from the pump when full. This unit, complete for a 400 hp. Liberty, Curtiss D-12, OX-5, Packard, Wright I, Wright J, etc., consisting of the starter unit, tank, starting and check valves, automatie control, and copper tubing has a total weight of less than 30 Ib. Complete starting appars- tus for three engines of 400 hp. each weighs about 45 Ib George Fritsche, assistant sales manager, is in charge of the exhibit THE DE VILBISS CO. Toledo, O. The exhibit of this company consists of such items of its tandard Spray-finishing System as are best adapted to the finishing and refinishing of airplanes. The equipment on exhibition for the application of paint or other finishing ms- terial to airplanes is no different from that used in the finish- ing and refinishing of automobiles with the exception that in the ease of the former, larger and specially designed spray booths are very often required. As the exhibit floor space is only 200 sq. ft. a plane spray booth has been omitted. The items of standard equipment on display consist of ‘Type AV Spray Gun, Suetions and pressure feed material Containers, Air and fluid hose, Air transformers, Dusters, Heaters, Hose Cleaners, ete. A portable painting unit may be ineluded in the display also. The Type AV Spray Gun provides advantageous applics- tion of any paint, varnish or lacquer material on any kind of surface. All nozzle parts are self centering. The ball and cone construction used insures fluid tip and air cap being held in positive coneentricity at all times; prevents air leak- age, and provides for complete interchangeability of parts without disturbing concentricity of tip and cap. Other points are quick detachable spray head, simplicity of design, all metal construction, quick fluid needle adjustment, gun hondle designed to hand, good balance and free trigger action, ete. The Type HL Air Transformer is built of hard brass and bronze, nickel plated. It is provided with an extra large 1049 AVIATION April 16, 1928 Latest Record Plane on the As Usual ... Endurance is the factor which has made Flightex the choice of the leading American aircraft manu- facturers. E. S. TWINING & COMPANY, 320 Broadway, New York City Cable Address: Flightex—Code ABC 6th Edition e_—_ .

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1050 condenser tube, equipped with a series of baffles through which the air passes. These baffles collect the oil and moisture, drained by means of the valve at the bottom, making the purifying operation automatic. There is one gauge for indi- cating the main line pressure, and an- other for the regu- lnted pressure. The » Air Duster, Type DG, is attached to , one outlet of the Air Transformer, so that it receives sir at the main line pressure, free from oil and mois- ture. The body is A De Vilbiss spray gun, aluminum, with Type AV. brass nozzle. A special attachment (RR-402) is of advantage where dust from sand papering is to he removed. It is attached by replacing the regular nozzle. De Vilbiss Hose for both air and finid is in standard lengths of 15 ft. and 25 ft. Other lengths are also furnished as well as couplings for connecting two lengths together. The Type HD Hose Cleaner provides for keeping the fluid hose clean by forcing a spray of solvent through the hose, thoroughly removing all finishing material from inside lining. Complete descriptive literature is obtainable at the De Vilbiss booth. ELECTRIC STORAGE BATTERY CO. Philadelphia, Pa. In a display area of 150 sq. ft. of floor space this company is exhibiting its line of Exide batteries for all types of air- eraft service. The battery which is used mostly for this type of service is type 6-TX-19. The Electrie Storage Battery Co. has been developing and producing storage batteries for air- eraft service since = the first require- ments were deter. mined for Liberty engines. It has continued its pro- duction of a stand- ardized line of air- craft batteries for all purposes as well as cooperating with the Army and Navy on the development of aireraft batteries for special purpo- ses. Standard air- craft Exide batter- ies were used on the Pan-American Good Will Flight and by practically all of the entrants in each of the Ford Reliability Tours. They were also used on all“trans-oceanie flights attempted and completed where radio or special lighting equipment was used, including Commander Byrd’s flight to the North Pole and the Sterling Exploration to Dutch New Guiana. H. G. Carron and M. ‘W. Turner are in charge of the exhibit. Type 6-TX-19 Exide battery. ECLIPSE MACHINE CO. East Orange, N. J. The exhibit of this company, which covers 150 sq. ft. of leor space, is featured by the showing of various types and AVIATION April 16, 1928 forms of starters of different sizes to suit engines of various sizes. In particular the exhibit includes an Eclipse Scries § and a Series 7 Combination Hand and Electrically operated Inertia Starter, an Eclipse Hand Turning Gear, as fitted with Booster Magneto, and an Eelipse 25 ampere, 15 volt, voltage regulated generator. Series 6 is known as a concentric type due to its s:rueture being arranged centrally around the application flance, Be. cause of its construction this type of starter is pariicularly adapted for use on radial engines offering a minimum: of in- terference with other accessories usually applied to the rear Left, an Eclipse Series VII combination hand and electrically operated inertia starter with Hart magnetic switch. Right, hand starter with booster magneto integrally mounted. of such engines. It is suitable for engines up to 1350 cu. in. displacement maximum. Arranged for a combination hand and clectrie operation it weighs 24% Ib. for land serviee and 2744 Ib. for marine serviee. Arranged for hand operation alone it weighs 17% Ib. for land service and 19% Ib. for ma- rine service. The Solenoid Switch weighs 3 Ib., the crank handle 2% Ib., and the crank extension 15% Ib. Series 11 is identical in appearance with Series 6, the difference being only that it is latger and capable of starting engines up to 2500 cu. in. displacement. Series 7 has the same eapacity as Series 11 but its general design makes it adaptable for use on large V type engines. An Eclipse 25 ampere voltage regulated generator with con trol bor. It is of the vertical type and the over-all length is six and one-half inches. The length is not increased by the addition of the electric attachment. Arranged for combination hand and electric operation it weighs 35 Ib., and arranged for hand operation only it weighs 27 Ib. same as Series 6. ‘The Eclipse hand turning gear, as fitted with booster mag- neto, is regularly furnished having three different retio+ April 16, 1928 AVIATION Tux Steaxmax C-2B, the Whirlwind engined model, en joys the distinction Of being 1 i piece commercial airplane on the American market 2o'streamlined and proportioned that it be Stamina.” Cowling ‘arrangements. displays ity. to. the. Wright ive maximum. power and” acc Giielwind engine. "Indeed, the Wright’ Actonauticn! Cor poration Riehl reconnacade oar ‘wrlStiasinn Buel oe he cpaine is a large oil tank, with « capacity of Sve gallone— plus a generous margin for expansion, ‘The main’gasoline Supply Se"sarvied inthe upper” wing. this incresalag Senmer or mail’ apace, "Phe" sturdy "Stearns Reaber, rem landing gear carries 30% Stach ‘tres "on neatly fated teat oe" drop “center rimmed, wheels al brakes are built integral with the whests and are stands sanpmene. Stéarman Aircraft are built with the conviction that economy in the operation of an airplane is fundamentally a matter of ultimate cost per flying hour, and that while these hours are accumulating the pilot and passenger should have every convenience and comfort within the limits of feasibility. Tur Stearman will carry 400 Ibs. pay load with a fast cruising speed, a high speed with reserve power. ‘Tue STEARMAN is equipped for both day and night flying. Tue SreaRMAN has proven a dependable ship, hav- ing maintained a wonderful schedule in the air mail service under all adverse weather conditions. The standard equipment of two prominent contract air mail operators is now predominantly STEARMAN. PRIVATE OWNERS AND PILoTs will approve of the maneuverability of this plane and the fine appoint- ments which are selected to satisfy the most critical taste. Aim LINE oPRarors will find that this plane meets with all their requirements—accessable—sturdy— slow landing—high speed—proven low maintenance cost. Corporations desiring to keep step with the pro- gress of the times will find the STEARMAN a com- fortable, dependable, efficient airplane for trans- porting personnel and express to distant places. ANY ONE OF oUR FoUR oFrices will be glad to assist you in determining the adaptability of the STEARMAN to your requirements. Let Us Send You Detailed Information 603 Bedell Bldg., Portland, Ore. °04 White Bldg., Seattle, Wn. ‘The other weights are the —— Si THE PIL oT Varney air lines NSE" 310 Balboa Bldg, San Francisco, Calif. 226 Noble Bidg., Boise, Idaho WHO FLIES ONE

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1052 AVIATION It is designed for cranking the engine directly by hand pow er. For use on magneto equipped engines the hand turning gears are furnished having a Booster magneto integrally mounted and geared upward from the hand crank shaft. For engines equipped with battery ignition the Booster mag- neto is omitted. The three ratios mentioned are: 6:1—for engines up to 900 cu. in. displacement; 12:1—for engines up to 1400 en. in. displacement; and 18:1—for engines up to 2000 en. in. displacement. With booster magneto it weighs 28 Ib., and without booster magneto it weighs 17% Ib. The crank handle and crank extension weights are the same as the others. The Eclipse voltage regulated aviation generator is fur- nished compléte with separate mounted control box contain ing the voltage regulator unit and cutout. It is of the engine riven type and weighs 20 Ib. The control box containi voltage control mechanism weighs 2 Ib. The Eclipse 15 am- pere, 15 volt engine generator is identical in appearance to the 25 ampere machine. Its weight is 15 Ib. and the control box weight is 2 Ib. A. E. Raabe is in charge of this exhibit. EX-CELL-O TOOL AND MFG. CO. Detroit, Mich. This exhibit which covers 200 sq. ft. of floor space is fea tured by the showing of the Ex-Cell-O Diamond-Boring Ma- chine, equipped with XLO Spindles for rotating the diamond, im actual operation. The exhibit also includes the company’s Yime of Drill Jig Bushings upon which many manufacturers have standardized. There is also a complete showing of high grade precision aircraft parts, as well as XLO High Speed Precision Ball Bearings especially designed for grinder and diamond-boring spindles, which are claimed to have a fea- ture common to no other ball bearing. In XLO High Speed Precision Ball Bearings the tracks in the raceways are developed to a mirror finish of the utmost ft ot 1I_° “oll: Examples of fine precision aircraft parts manufactured by Ex-Cell-O Tool & Mfg. Co. precision by the Alden developing process. This is stated to take out all preliminary wear and give a bearing with end and radial play restricted to .0001 in. This accuracy is main- tained over a long period of time without adjustment. An- other feature of the exhibit is a line of different precision parts made by the company for Diesel engine builders. ELGIN NATIONAL WATCH CO. Chicago, TU. In & display area of 100 sq. ft. this company is exhibiting three types of instrument boards. Type TA is directly light- April 16, 1928 ed and contains an Elgin chronometric tachometer, Army Type € altimeter, oil pressure gauge, oil temperature gange, Elgin 30 hr. clock and either an ammeter or a water tempcrature gauge. The board is lighted with a 2 cp. Mazda lamy The other two boards are indirectly lighted. One containg the Elgin tachometer, which is the main feature of the Elgin exhibit, and two other gauges. The third board also contains meter but it has four other gauges. The three boards ed with glass and are fitted with a polished chromium plated bezel. The weight of each board with oil tempers. ture line is 5 Ib. 10 oz, The Type TA board was described in detail in Avrartox Nov. 21, 1927. EMBRY-RIDDLE FLYING SCHOOL Cincinnati, Ohio The exhibit of this company which covers 100 sq floor space features the aims, policies and activities Embry-Riddle Flying School. This flying school which ope rates at the Lunken Airport is headed by Raymond D. Har. ris. Only recently this school was successful in soloing a student in one day. The student was Frank W. Shelton, » fourth year student in the pre-medical class at the University of Cincinnati, and the amount of dual instruction that he re ceived was five hours and 34 min. His instructor was Pilot Rader. During the instruction Shelton made a total of 7 Four training planes of the Embry-Riddle Flying Schodl, Lunken Airport. landings and then Rader stepped out of the plane and set him solo. After getting off the ground he eircled the field a few times and then made a landing wiheh, aceording to obse- vers, was exceptionally good. This company is associated with the Embry-Riddle Co., of which John Paul Riddle is general manager. The Embry-Riddle Co. operates the Chi- eago-Cincinnati Contract Air Mail Line. FAIRCHILD AERIAL CAMERA CORP. Subsidiary of the Fairchild Aviation Corp. Farmingdale, L. I., N. ¥. This exhibit consists of the Fairchild type K-8 fully ante matic recording aerial camera. This camera is of the single lens type and registers time “to the second” that the phote- graph was taken. It can be equipped to accommodate lense of focal length varying from 21 em. to 50 em. Speeds of this camera are adjustable for 1/50 sec., 1/100 sec., and 1/1 sec. In connection with this particular exhibit there is a dix play of various aerial views and maps made and produced by Fairchild Aerial Surveys, Inc., another subsidiary of the irchild Aviation Corp. A description of the Fairchild type K-8 camera appeared in the Feb. 28, 1928 issue of Av ATION. THE GOODYEAR TIRE AND RUBBER CO., INC. Akron, Ohio The exhibit of the Goodyear Co. covers 300 sq. ft. of floor space and is featured by a complete display of airplanc tires tubes, aircraft gasoline, radiator hose, shock absorber dis# April 16, 1928 PERFORMANCE with Dependability AVIATION SA. THE All American Air Craft Show —two Travel Air Planes—a Siemens- Halske motored and an OX-5 will be on display. (Illustrated above). They are typical of the proverbial brilliant performance with depend-, ability that characterizes all Travel Air Biplanes and Monoplanes.—__> Models: Standard Biplane OX-5 Type 20099; Standard Biplane Siemens-Halske Type 9000; Standard 3-place Biplane Fairchild- Caminez Type 8000; Standard Biplane J5c (Whirlwind) Type 4000; Cabin Monoplane J5c (Whirlwind) Type 5000; Special Mail Cabin Biplane Whirlwind Type 7000. Catalog and Story of Travel Air on Request TRAVEL AIR MFG. CO. Wichita, Kansas

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1054 and all rabber products for use in the manufacture and as- sembly of airplanes. In addition there is an interesting lighter-than-air exhibit consisting of various models of dirigi- bles. There is also a collection of interesting photographs and an exhibit of ballooning equipment. “Literature describing im detail the equipment on display is obtainable at the Good- year booth, and L. O. Guinther, who is in charge of the Air- plane Division, Acronanties Department of the Goodyear Co., is in charge of the exhibit. B. F. GOODRICH RUBBER CO. Akron, Ohio ‘The Goodrich exhibit takes up 300 sq. ft. of floor space and contains plain tread and non-skid airplane casings, inner tubes, shoek’ absorber cord and shock absorber rings, gasoline and radiator hose, shock absorber dises and special molded parts. The strictly new items are the non-skid airplane cas- ings which are in three new sizes. Miscellaneous literature and a specially prepared catalog is distributed at the Good- rieh Co. exhibit. R. N. Ellis is in charge of the Aeronanti- eal Sales Division of the B. F. Goodrich Rubber Co. HASKELITE MFG. CORP. Chicago, Ti. ‘This company is exhibiting in 200 sq. ft of floor space of Haskelite blood glue plywood, a product which the company has been manufacturing since 1917. The com- pany supplies panels as thin as 1/16 and 3/32 in., and has made panels 1/30 in. in thickness. ‘bit contains samples of Haskelite used for fuse- lages, leading edges, engine bearers, flooring, tail linings, cen- ter ribs, tank eover, center cover, pontoon parts, walkway ribs, wing ribs, box beams, seats, rudder, step boards, drag ribs, end and tail ribs, walkway, head pads, propeller spin- ner, wing covering in slip stream, bulkheads or partitions. pontoon covering, aileron or elevator surfaces. instrament boards, after deck bulkheads, webs and wing spars, bracing instead of wire, gusset plates on fuselages, and on landing gear struts like box strats. Included also in this exhibit are samples of Haskelite airplane parts furnished to many of the leading aeronautical companies. fi ‘The Haskelite exhibit is in charge of James R. Fitzpat- rick, assistant secretary and treasurer, Howard B. Dunton, sales representative, and Emory W. Stoner. HARTZELL PROPELLER CO. Piqua, 0. In a display area of 100 sq. ft. this company is exhibitin: its line of standard propellers including Wright Whirlwind ‘and OX-5 designs. These propellers are of laminated wood construction after conventional practic ‘One feature of the exhibit is a duplicate of the propeller used on the Whirlwind powered Bellanca monoplane in which ‘Acosta and Chamberlin established the world’s endurance yeeord, and also in which Chamberlin and Levine established the world’s distance record in the flight from New York to Germany. Another feature is a display showing the various manufacturing stages in the production of a Hartzell propel- Jer. Ventilating equipment using aviation propellers is al- so included in the Hartzell exhibit. HAMILTON AERO MFG. CO. Milwaukee, Wis. This company is exhibiting in 300 sq. ft. of floor space its complete line of wood and metal propellers and several types ‘ef metal pontoons. Among the metal propellers on display is a newly developed three piece, adjustable pitch, adjustable diameter propeller using a serew type hub and blade end, AVIATION April 16, 1978 instead of the conventional split hub. This propeller is in. teresting inasmuch as it incorporates light weight, nerod: namis efficiency and strength. Several other specially designe! pro. pellers for the many new aircraft engines are also shown, The wooden propeller display includes several pro;cllers whieh incorporate an aluminum spinner assembly th::t has been recently developed by the Company. The par:icalar features of this spinner is its simplicity (only one nut being required for attachment) and that any size may be attached to the same propeller without the necessity of any changes This same type of spinner is also used with remarkabi> sue. cess on the various types of metal propellers. The all-metal pontoon display consists of one flat deck type pontoon of 2200 Ib. displacement and one round deck type pontoon of 4000 Ib. displacement. There is also shown « section of the large pontoon showing in detail the interual structure. The exhibit is in charge of A. Nelson and A. B. Lord. JOHN C. HOOF & CO. Chicago, IM. The display of this company covers 100 sq. ft. of floor space and is featured by the showing of Hoof Self-Lubricating Graphoil Piston Rings and Hoof-Randall Graphite-Filled Self Lubricating Valve Guides. Hoof Graphoil Piston Rings are manufactured with a lock- ing groove machined in the outer surface. This is packed with Graphoil permanently locked in the ring and gives posi- raphoil Self-Lubricating Piston Ring. tive lubrication at all times. Graphoil is stated to be a spe- cial compound treated to prevent break down under extreme engine temperature, oil conditions, ete. The Hoof-Randall Valve guide has a close grained cast iron body, machined finished all over and made to exact di- mensions. Helical grooves are filled with compressed graphite flush with the bearing surface. The plain or lubricated valve guides are stated to require no reaming to install. A. C. Hoof, president of the company, is in charge of this exhibit. IRVING AIR CHUTE CO., INC. Buffalo, N.Y. ‘The exhibit of this company which covers 100 sq. f of floor space is featured by the showing of the Irvin Air Ghate, a life saving parachute for emergency use. There are also numerous photographs showing the air chutes in astion 3s well as miscellaneous descriptive literature. The outstanding feature of the Irvin Air Chute is the fact that this equipment has already saved over 100 lives in emergencies covering prat- tically every form of aircraft aceident. The fact is worthy of mention that the Irvin Air Chute was worn by Colonel Lindbergh when he made his four jumps during his serviee as a mail pilot. The Irvin Parachute is a free type, manually operated pers; chute. It is operated by a slight pull on the “pull ring” which is located in a readily accessible place on the barnos AVIATION After the Show We will have further announcements to make about THE April 16, 1928 1055 PILOT A REALLY SAFE COMFORTABLE 3 PLACE 125-130 HP CABIN MONOPLANE WILL BE READY FOR DELIVERY AFTER JUNE 1ST. IN- HERENT STABILITY - RUGGED CONSTRUC- TION - EXCELLENT PERFORMANCE AND THE FINEST FINISH. AN IDEAL PRIVATE OR COMMERCIAL PLANE. and THE NAVIGATOR 5 OR 6 PLACE 220 HP CABIN MONOPLANE WITH EVERY COMFORT AND ‘CONVENIENCE FOR LONG DISTANCE FLIGHTS. A SAFE SUBSTANTIALLY BUILT SHIP CARRYING 1400 LBS. USEFUL LOAD. (Delivery after July Ist) THe HE, te EO FLYABOUT We solicit AIRLINER 2 Pla Fall Canti- your inquiri. ‘s - lever “Sport” Monoplanc wane Enatiicver Mouoplane 1e0 HP GENERAL AIRCRAFT CORPORATION HAZLETON, PA., U. S. A.

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1056 AVIATION ‘The Irvin Air Chute is made in three sizes, which are, 24 ft. in diameter for general service use, 28 ft. in diameter for exhibition and training jumps, and 22 ft. in diameter to be used in conjunction with the 28 ft. air chute for exhibition and training jumps. The 24 ft. air chute has been adopted by several governments as standard equipment for their air- planes. It is known as the “Service Parachute” and is packed in three types of containers, viz., the seat pack, lap pack, and back pack. The seat pack is used as a seat enshion and is most generally used by pilots. The lap pack has been de- veloped for the use of machine gunners and photographers. ‘The back pack has been designed for use in balloons, airships and other types of lighter-than-air craft and also certain types of heavier-than-air craft. Complete with harness and any of the types of cont: mentioned the weight of the Chutes. They alt Eight jumpers coming down with Irvin less than 18 sec. leaped from a Navy transport plane iy elapsed time. Serviee Parachute is approximately 18 Ib., the rate of weight descent is 16 ft. per second. ‘The average rate of descent for the 28 ft. air chute is 12 ft. per second. ‘The Irvin Air Chute is secured by a special woven webbing harness. The woven webbing has a tensile strength of 3000 Ib. and is reinforced on all metal parts. The harness is ad- justable. The metal parts of the snaps and adaptive buckles are made of chrome nickel steel and have a tensile strength of 5008 Ib., and are either galvanized or cadmium plated. The body fabric is a specially woven high grade silk developed by the eompany. The suspension or shroud lines are silk cords of 400 Ib. tensile strength. Ventage is taken care of by the special weave of the silk fabric in conjunction with the vent incorporated in the apex of the chute. ‘A small miniature parachute termed the “pilot chute” is attached at the apex of the air chute by means of a separate silk eord of 400 Ib. tensile strength. It is 30 in. in diameter and is constructed with steel ribs and a spring in such a manner that it folds up under tension and is packed thus folded in the container. George Waite, president of the com- pany, is in charge of the exhibit. JOHNSON AIRPLANE & SUPPLY CO. Dayton, 0. ‘This company is exhibiting in 300 sq. ft. of floor space a complete working display of its new products and special equipment for airplanes which includes the Johnson All Steel Dise Wheel, with and without internal brakes, a model of the Adjustable Pilot's Seat, and an Approved Gasoline Sys- April 16, 1928 tem. ‘The Johnson Standard fittings, bolts, ete., are shown as well as a new non-shatterable wind shield, the ney Johnson Avigo Compass, air speed indicator, improved speak. ing tubes, metal pontoons, first aid kits, automatic flash fire extinguisher, ete. The All Steel Dise Wheel which is 30 x 5 in size was re cently tested at Wright Field to destruction and failed at. 4,000 Ib. above the required load of 11,000 Ib. The exhibit contains two models of this wheel; one with, and one without Hyatt Roller Bearings. The wheel accommodates three sizes of tires; the 28 x 4, 30 x 5, and the 32 x 6. The Adjustable Pilot’s Seat not only accommodates pilota of different sizes but permits the pilot to raise himself for better vision in landing, or lower himself for greater com- fort while in flight. The seat is arranged for the seat type parachute and is a development of the recent crash tests to provide the greatest amount of protection in such an event. The Approved Gasoline System being exhibited has been arranged to comply with Air Corps and Department of Com- merce Regulations and incorporates all the latest approved accessories and fittings that are now standard. It is possible for the visitor to the Johnson booth to operate this display and follow the course of the fuel through the various units A diagram is also a part of this display, and descriptive ma terial may be obtained upon request. E. A. Johnson, presi- dent and general manager of the company, and D. B. Dun- lap, chief engineer, are in charge of the exhibit. KELTON-AURAND MANUFACTURING €O. Bay City, Mich. ‘This company is exhibiting in 100 sq. ft of floor space its latest seat developed for the Stinson Aireraft Corp. This consists of a seat with a swinging back so that the passenger may, at will, sit facing the front or the rear. Should a full length couch be desired the back of the seat folds down 3 as to form a comfortable bed. The data and experienee gained by E. C. Kelton, president of the company and an ex-war pilot, and his engineers, who spent as much of their time as possible in flying the existing passenger air lines, have proved of great value in developing this seating equipment which will offer the necessary comfort factor for the passenger and at the same time prove strong and durable and come within the weight limitations of the designing engineer. The exhibit is in charge of A. L. Harris, general manager, and Chas. E. Stone, manager of the Aviation Department of the company. KENDALL REFINING CO. Bradford, Pa. The exhibit of this concern covers 200 sq. ft. of floor space, and contains a large animated sign, or process board whieh de- scribes the process of refining Bradford grade of Peansylva- nia Crude Oil in a most comprehensive way within a few minutes. ‘The Process Board is made of hammered iron and is mor- tised. Each slot contains an electric bulb, in front of which is a flask either of crude oil or one of the forty or more pro- ducts made from Bradford Crude. The first operation shows a light back of the flask containing Bradford Crude, then an- other light leading in two different directions from the crade and still another light back of a flask of gasoline distillate and steamed crude indicates that the first process in refining is accomplished by steam distillation and produces gasoline dis tillate and steamed crude. The lights in the board are ope rated on a fiasher system and remain lighted for five seconds after each process has been completed. Following the first process the light again appears beck of gasoline distillate. Several other lights indicate that this is further divided into high test gasoline and motor gasoline, with a light back of each of these flasks. This again remains AVIATION EARTH — OR OFF “Independence Complete Protection” ON Insurance against loss to plane, loss to persons or prop- erty within the plane, and loss to persons or property out- side the plane—that is the complete protection afforded by the Independence “All-in-One” Policy. For aircraft manufacturers, owners, operators, pilots and shippers, the Independence “All-in-One” is the best, and only complete, aviation policy on earth—or off. The Independence Companies Head Offices— PHILADELPHIA CHARLES H. HOLLAND, President Casualty Insurance - Surety Bonds Fire Insurance ‘These Companies maintain Haman Relations with their Agents, Brokers and Policybolders

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1058 lighted for fiv@%econds’ and: is followed slong by the other PFocesses until each one is complete within itself and the ernde oil divided into more products than the average per- son has any idea are contained in erude oil. ‘The process shews the thoroughness and indicates that a vast amount of equipment must be necessary for the many The Process Board of the Kendall Refining Co., Bradford, Pa. ramifications that occur in refining. The exhibit is in charge of I. H. Shearer, treasurer and sales manager of the Com- pany, assisted by Frank Philippbar, lubricating engineer, Julius Heyden, Newark, N. J., representative, and M. C. “Bob” Loutt, High Point, N. C., representative. THE LEECE-NEVILLE CO. Cleveland, O. The exhibit of this company which covers 200 sq. ft. of floor spase in featured by the showing of the company’s line of voltage regulated generators for aeronautical use. These gen- erators insure steady voltage as a protection for all ligh' instraments and other wiring. They are driven from the engine and are designed to operate at 15 volts in capacities of 15 emp., 25 amp., and 50 amp. As they are so regulated the size and weight of the storage battery can be reduced to a minimum They will not burn out the storage battery from overcharge. MACWHYTE COMPANY Kenosha, Wis. In a display area of 100 sq. ft., this company is exhil such items as streamline tie rods, round drawn tie rods, elevis end fittings, lock nuts and clevis pins, the Maewhyte safe lock terminals, aireraft cord, strand and wire. Photographs A Macwhyte round drawn tie-rod. showing the use of Macwhyte equipment on different makes of airplanes are also a part of the exhibit. The Macwhyte company supplies many of the manufacturers of airplanes with its streamline tie rods for use on government as well as commercial planes. It also supplies streamline tie rods to the Air Corps, War Department, and Naval Aircraft Fac- tory. The round drawn tie rod which is claimed to save 48 per cent. in weight, has a reduced center section and is claim- ed to be absolutely uniform as to physical properties and AVIATION oy April 16, 193 struct ‘Extra strong wrench grips, as approved by the Arny and Navy Standardization Committee are used. The Mas whyte siife lock terminal is so designed that the nut can by serewed up as tightly as possible without injury to the tie rod, no extra spring being set up. No moisture can find its way in to the detriment of the threads, and the maximum strength of these threads is also attained. The company mans- factures the standard aircraft cord in 7 x 7 and 7 x 19 eon. struetion and also the standard 1 x 19 aireraft strand. This material is manufactured in accordance with Army and Navy specifications. METALBOAT DIVISION Fairchild Airplane Manufacturing Corp. Subsidiary of the Fairchild Aviation Corp. Farmingdale, L. I., N.Y. This exhibit consists of the Fairchild pontoon which is ot composite construction having wood members and metal fit- tings with duralumin covering. It is of special step desiga Front quarter view of a set of Fairchild pontoons. with a concave V bottom and a Kapok nose bumper. The tube is built through the pontoon just in front of the step. For beaching purposes an axle may be slipped through this tube thus eliminating the necessity of handling tracks. The Fairchild pontoon was described in detail in the Sept. 12, 1927 issue of Aviation NORMA-HOFFMAN BEARINGS CORP. ; Stamford, Conn. This exhibit which covers 200 sq. ft. of floor space is fes- tared by Noima-Hoffman ball and roller bearings. According to the officials of the company these polished carriers Norma-Hoffman precision ball and roller bearings are of almost frictionless motion. The precision fit of these parts represents a refinement of workmanship equal only in fine instrument making. The exhibit consists not only of ball, roller and thrust bearings manufactured by the com- pany but also shows typical applications. At the company’ booth is to be found precision bearings fitted to crankslaf, April 10. 1928 AVIATION 1059 A. G. Spalding & Bros. invites you to visit the Spaldin = exhibit at the All-American Aircraft Show, April L4th to 2ist, in which will be shown the newest ideas and devices in aviation clothing and accessories. > Spatding Equipment used by All American Trans- Atlantic and Trans-Pacific Flyers Navy “Round-the-World Flyers Army "Round-the-World Flyers Pan-American Good Will Flyers North Pole Flyers Sepa 7 ion Equipment ts standard for U.S. Army and Navy Tae American Altitude Record Holders American Duration Record Holders and a host of other eminent aviators 010%, 4.6.5. 8B.

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1060 starters, magnetos, generators, fuel pumps, superchargers and aviation instruments. The company is represented at the Show by O. P. Wilson, V.P., Norman Bell, asst. secy., F. W. Messenger, New York District Mgr., D. E Batersoll, asst. engnr. Mgr., L. I. Wight- man, adv. mgr., R. E. Hicker, Cleveland mgr., and T. J. Har- ley, ‘Chieago mgr. PIONEER INSTRUMENT CO., INC. Brooklyn, N. ¥. ‘The feature of this exhibit which covers 200 sq. ft. of floor space is the showing of an earth inductor compass similar to those used by Colonel Lindbergh, Clarence Chamberlin, and Commander Byrd on their famous trans-Atlantic flights. A cut-away model of this unit is mounted on a finished revolvin; pedestal to simulate an airplane and is operated by an elec trie generator so that the spectator may see every moving part in actual operation. The “Flying Showease” is on exhibition at the Ford Air This plane is owned by the Pioneer Instrument Co. and Pioneer instruments port is equipped with a complete set of 4 cut away model of the Pioneer Earth Inductor mounted on a revolving pedestal and operated by an electric generator Compass Among the many Pioneer instruments being exhibited are several standard boards fitted with flight and engine instru- ments. All Pioneer instruments are radium illuminated and include the air speed inductor, the climb inductor, magnetic compasses, speed and drift indicator, altimeter, ete. The engine instruments include the oil pressure gauge, tachometer, fuel level gauge, and water and oil thermometer. All Pi- oneer instruments are graduated in nautical or metric units and the dials may be marked in any language. Other features of this exhibit are the Bumstead sun pass used by Commander Byrd in his flight to the Noi Pole, parachute flares, fuel strainer, hand fuel pumps, in- strument lamps, landing lights, octants, sextants and chron- ometers. This booth is in charge of John C. Pearce, Jr., fuel engineer, assisted by Wesley Brown, sales representa- tive. Charles H. Colvin, president of the company, and Mor- ris H. Titterington, chief engineer, are in Detroit during the Show. m- AVIATION April 16, 1928 MICHIGAN STATE AVIATION SCHOOL Detroit, Mich. This exhibit whieh is educational and included in 100 sq ft. of floor space consists of a complete set of photozraphs and printed material describing the school. The Michigan State Aviation School and the Packard Flying Servive are operating jointly in teaching complete ground work, 2 1 KE: ncaa am SEATE Hangars of the Michigan State Aviation School at Packard Field, Detroit and the parachute work, Students going through the school he benefit of seven instructors, each a specialist in his line. The school has leased two hangars on Packard Field, and Mr. Tuohey is head of the flying service and John Workman is in charge of student mechanies. The Michigan State Aviation School is also affiliated with the Michigan State Automobile School. A. G. Zeller is president eral managar now have OF AMERICA York of floor space is fea RADIO CORPORATION New York, New This exhibit which covers 200 sq. tt tured by the showing of the RCA 100 watt transmitter and receiver, which is being used on the Stinson-Detroiter mono plane which is making a tour of the country under the ie New York American, The total weight ‘The transmitter for both phone and telegraph measures 16 in. wide, 12 in is operated from 2 this pices of set is 117 Ib. weighs 17 Ib., high and 8 in. inelud deey tape, The tr ansmitter An RCA 100 wt. aircraft transmitter, model ET3653. control box weighing 8 Ib. The control box is 6 in. wids 12 in. high and 8 in. deep and is placed convenient to the operator. By means of an interchangeable coil system th receiver has three wave length ranges, 85-100 meters, 560 550 meters and 850-1100 meters. It weighs 12 Ib., including tools, and is 1434 in. wide, 10 in. high and 25 in. deep. ‘The five tubes which are mounted on rubber include to T dio frequency, two audio frequency and one detector. Power is received from a wind driven generator fitted with « De lauriers constant speed propeller. This unit weighs 50 ib. snd has a maximum output of 700 watts. The antennae is reeled +h a Micarta tubing fair-lead with a metal end danse e is in charge of this exhibit. AVIATION April 16, 1928 AIRPLANE PRODUCTS MILLER’S POSITIVE INTAKE VALVE CONTROL FOR OX’S Saves 15% on gas, adds 20 to 50 revs to the motor speed, takes all noise from the overhead. greatly reduces friction in pins, bearing surfaces, valve guides and pull rod. Over one thousand sets now in use on OX's in planes, speed boats and racing cars. Standard equip- ment on Alexander Eaglerocks and now being adopted by other leading manufacturers. PRICE, per set of eight, $10. REV’S FOR OX5’s Gy LESLIE C. MILLER A book explaining all faults of the OX-S Cur- tiss motor and the rem- edy for each fault. How to get more horsepower, efficiency, reliability and ‘economy out of this type motor. The author has ‘over 3500 flying hours experience with the OX-5. PRICE ONE DOLLAR MILLER’S ROLLER ROCKER ARM Preventing wear on exhaust valve guides and seats, doubles the life of the OX cylinder. The roller rolls freely cross the valve stem end, instead of sticking and exerting a tremendous side pressure on the guide and valve seat as is the case with the former tappet. More power longer sustained. PRICE, per set of eight, $15. THE MILLER OVERHEAD SYSTEM at ends of pins. Positivel; events loss of pil Zxcludes all grit and dost, and retaina the lubrication "The large pins are on bronze bushings. Exhaust posh rod yokes Includes the roller rocker, arm and intae valve control, all Ife fe mr ete oe ot a Sa wha Conk a Cok Ug aegypti (same ‘as used on Transoceanic Flights on irlwinds). are bronze. ‘ider flange at bottom of water outlet prevents {axe Slag screwed and seftied into H's and push red rocking. leaking gaskets and broken studs. Price for Eight cylinders, less push rods, $85.00, With rods $90. MILLER VALVE GUIDE REPLACEMENT SET Includes a jig which bolts to top of OX cylinder, through which a hand operated end reamer is qui absolute alignment to cut out old guide. A tap operating through threads the hole. We make the threaded gray iron Complete Set $35. Gray Iron Valve Guides $.65 VALVE SEAT REAMER SET Including port widening. seat reaming and seat narrowing reamers. Every thing necessary to make new seats or to use larger valves. Complete Set $22.30 WRITE FOR NEW CATALOG Miller airplane products are sold on 30 days trial. Money refunded on all unsatisfactory purchases. MILLER AIRPLANE PRODUCTS Write P.O. BOX 643, LOS ANGELES, CALIF., FACTORY, 3827 WEST JEFFERSON 10% deposit required on all erders. Write your supply house or order direct. 5% discount for cash with order.

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AVIATION Gorden. AE ROTOGS HEeEre’s everything to make fly- ing comfortable—fur-lined, wool- lined and all-leather flying suits; leather blouses and jackets; leather or cloth helmets, gloves and mittens. Aerotogs are made by Gordon & Ferguson, Inc., of Saint Paul, who have been manufacturing flying clothes for a dozen years and know what aviators need. See them at the. All-American Aircraft Show and you'll under- stand why Eddie Stinson, “Speed” Holman, Ray Collins, W. A. Mara and hundreds of other experienced flyers wear Acrotogs exclusively. Above all don’t miss seeing the new model Gordon Aerotogs Fly- ing Suit, now shown for the first time. Visit the Gordon Aerotogs booth in the Accessories Section at the Show, or write for full infor- mation about Aerotogs, to GORDON & FERGUSON Incorporated Saint Paul, Minnesota — April 16, 1928 RUSSELL MANUFACTURING CO. New York, N. ¥. ‘This exhibit consists of three display boards mounted on easels which in a general way cover the so called “Rusco” aero products. One board is devoted to a complete set of Rusco aero rings of the different diameters and the second board is devoted to samples of all Ruseo elastic produsts ineluding erude rubber and sponge rubber, various diame- ters of straight cord and the new Ruseo streamline gap cov- er which is fabricated from clastic material in the sheet form; the third board displays the line of non-elastie pro- ducts such as braids, tapes, webbings, lacings, brake ing, ete. ‘A small model of a typical landing gear is also being ex- hibited. It is power driven; the wheels are elevated to sim- ulate landing conditions by eccentric rollers. Another fea- ture is an actual sample of full scale shock absorber strut design for lacing straight cord around pegs. A large amount of technical data is available for visitors to the booth includ- ing performance graphs and general information of value to designers. B. RUSSELL SHAW CO., INC. St. Louis, Mo. This exhibit which covers 100 sq. ft. of floor space con- tains a complete working model of the St. Louis Municipal ‘Airport showing all the buildings, runways, ete. The entire model is arranged for night lighting and so shielded that the illumination will automatically die out, representing the coming of night, when the night airport lighting system will be turned on, and vice versa. There is also being displayed ‘A drawing of the Lambert-St. Louis Airport designed by B. Russell Shaw Co., Inc. ‘a model of brick and steel building, a product in which the company specializes. The exhibit also includes a model of the new Administration Control Building which the com- pany is constructing at the St. Louis Munieipa: Airport. In addition there are photographs and plans of other fields which the company has designed or is building, and also plans of; administration buildings based upon the company’s past in the actual operation of air lines. The exhibit is in charge of B. Russell Shaw, president of the company, and O. S. Edginston. SAUZEDDE CORP. Detroit, Mich. ‘The exhibit of this company covers 50 sq. ft. of floor space and includes a display of Sauzedde wheels and brakes. The wheel incorporates the triple lace feature. There are three rows of spokes at the hub laced in such a manner that the spoke lengths are all equal. The manufacturer claims that there is equal strain on all of the spokes. The crossing of the April 16, 1928 AVIATION 1063 Undisputable Evidence that WE TEACH YOU TO FLY We present the photos below as proof of our statements that you learn by doing. Our shop is not the largest but our system of teaching is so concise that you might call our course TEACHING ON PRO- DUCTION”. After years of experience we have out- lined a school policy that re- mains unequalled and the originality of it has brought letters of comment from some of the greatest aero- nautical experts and schools. We give you more for your money than you can secure in any other school in the U.S. You must spend from 4 to 6 months in work and Downtown Office Entrance a and repair and rebuild airplanes and motors Send for descriptive literature and booklet “The Ways and Hows of Learning Aviation’’ study to learn aviation thor- oughly. A man who can fly any airplane under all con- ditions is not made in a day. It takes time to absorb the with fly by night outfits who do not operate strictly ac- cording to regulations as prescribed by the Dept. of Commerce or who are not fundamentals of flying and mechanical knowledge can only be learned by doing actual MANUFACTURERS mechanical work Ree ee ee and since man’s recognized by the profession. Investigate. Complete Course in Piloting and Me- money. by | manufacturing— chanics (Private Li- ince mal cesembling or supplying your abaasl cooeces capacity is lim- seinge, fisings, contrat rar. ) $250 ited the only an- | Fitn“tnd “ipectecation “We Complete Fifty swer is — you oe te ines ee Boat ee = hee = we er euantly onk Tigein cc tee ime. om jnanship "and material ‘guar -$650 Gntecd and subject to your waste your time Mechanies Only, $50 ATKINSON AVIATION COMPANY “School of Aeronautics” 406 Washington Street, Gary, Indiana

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1064 AVIATION spokes allows the brake to be placed closer to the hub, thus distributing braking more uniformly. The brake is of the internal expanding type and resembles the automobile brake except that it is somewhat lighter. It is expanded by a compound cam that greatly multiplies the force applied. The brake of each wheel is operated independ- ent of the other. The Sanzedde wheel was described in the April 18, 1927 issue of Aviation. SCINTILLA MAGNETO CO., INC. Sidney, N. ¥. In a display area covering 200 sq. ft., this company is ex- hibiting a demonstration cabinet upon the top of which are mounted one type V-AG-9-D Scintilla magneto which is standard equipment for the Wright “Whirlwind” and “Cy- clone”, Pratt & Whitney “Wasp” and “Hornet” and Piteairn- Brewer nine cylinder engines, and one type MN7-D Scintilla aircraft magneto which is standard equipment for the War- ner seven cylinder air-cooled engine, the Wright seven cyl- inder engine, the Floco engine and the Comet engine, ete. Between these two magnetos, and slightly staggered, there is mounted a Scintilla vertieal double aircraft magneto type SC which is not yet out of the experimental stage, but which is used on some of the Curtiss 12 cylinder water-cooled engines. ‘These three magnetos are driven at varying speeds by a 220 volt D.C. electrie motor through the medium of countershafts. The sparks from these magnetos are carried through brass conduits to spark gaps of various types. One model EA Scin- tilla aircraft switch is connected to control the type SC mag- neto. ‘The exhibit also includes two tables on which are mounted varions types of magnetos. There is also being shown Scin- tila aircraft magnetos suitable for installation on OX-5 and OXX-6 engines, and a small single cylinder magneto for sin- April 16, 1928 Left, Type MN7-D Scintilla aircraft magneto. Right, Type V-AG9-D Scintilla aircraft magneto. gle cylinder test layouts. Pictures of Scintilla products fit- ted to various engines and miscellaneous literature are also a part of this exhibit. TT. Z. Fagan, vice president, is in charge of the exhibit and is being assisted by L. W. Trees. SNAP-ON WRENCH CO. Chicago, Til. This company is showing in a display area of 100 sq. ft ‘a complete line of Snap-On interchangeable socket wrenches and other mechanie’s hand tools specially adapted for servic- ing planes and engines. The feature of the exhibit is the new Snap-On Ferret Set which is an entirely new develop- ment in socket wrenches and is designed to reach the hard- to-get-at nuts and bolts on airplane engines. In addition there is a complete display of Blue Point alloy steel wrenches, tap- pet wrenches, gear puller chisels and punches, pliers ant screw drivers, This exhibit is in the charge of R. B. Uamp- bell, manager of the company. Triple Type A Standard Hangar Purnished with 36 ft, 40 ft or 49 ft. Door. In 9) positic mie building an: Inexpensive Foolproof operation All steel Construction A Small Boy can open or close the Orange Door in thirty seconds! ition it provides a useful six foot canopy across the does not occupy valuable ground space. Steel Hangars 12 Standard designs Complete Airport Service A standard size for any ship or grouping. Manufactured Exclusively by Orange Car & Steel Co. Orange, Texas April 16, 1928 SKF INDUSTRIES, INC. New York, N. ¥. This company is exhibiting in 200 sq. ft. of floor space a of ball and roller bearings. Several novel devices por- tray visually the anti-friction features of SKF bearings. In addition there is being shown the products of leading aero- nautical manufacturers and component parts equipped with SKF bearings. A scenic background covering the entire back of the exhibition booth illuminated with a large Neon sign of the SKF letters in colored lamps focuses attention on a large painting showing the many flags of the world under which the company’s bearings are sold and service rendered. Those in charge of this exhibit are R. O. Mangam, C. E. Drake, C. R. Mabley, W. C. Ablers, H. M. Metz, A. T. Lud- ington and J. C. Northrup. 2 A. G. SPALDING & BROS. New York, N. ¥. In a display area of 200 sq. ft. this company is exhibiting its complete line of aviation equipment which includes sum- mer and winter suits and helmets, goggles, gloves, moceasins, Navy boots, ete. P. H. Hart, head of the Aviation Depart- ment is in charge of the exhibit. SPERRY GYROSCOPE CO. Brooklyn, N. ¥. This exhibit which covers 100 sq. ft. of floor space is fea- tured by the showing of three of the company’s light units. One is a standard type 24 in. revolving beacon of 3,000,000 ep. The second is a safety three purpose are light. This anit can be normally used as a 1,000,000 cp. floodlight with an 80 deg. beacon for airport use. By swinging back a door on the light it can serve as a 30,000,000 ep. emergency beam. This high powered beam may be used as an emer- gency airport light for bad weather or as an airport ceil- ing light. The third unit is a standard ceiling light 18 in. in diameter and having a candle power of 1,500,000. C. D. Jobson is in charge of the exhibit. STANDARD OIL COMPANY OF INDIANA Chicago, Il. The exhibit of this company which covers 300 sq. ft. of floor space is featured by the showing of photographs of the eompany’s 12 passenger “Stanolind” and the company’s two Passenger “Stanolind, Jr.” Information regarding the pur- The “Stanolind” getting off the ground. Poses of these two planes is also a part of the exhibit. There is also being exhibited the company’s products, Stanolind Avi- tion Go-oline, Stanolind Aero Oil and Superia Aero Oils. Copies of the company’s booklet “Multiplying Time” are distributed at the various cities where and when the Stano- lind pays a visit. This Stout all-metal plane has carried 2300 Passengers a total of 40,000 mi. and has made 10 distinct business trips earrying directors and officers of the company ~ AVIATION Truscon Hangar for the Fairchild Airplane Manufacturing Corp., Farmingdale, L. 1 AIRPLANE HANGARS ruscon Airplane Hangars-are permanent and fireproof. The are assembled from standardiz- ed units which can be combin- ed into buildings of any desired length and width. Being laid out in clear spans, their unob- structed floor space assures ut- most freedom in handling ships. Large Sliding Doors opening the full width of th building, simplify the storing of planes. We furnish Steel Doors for any requirements: TRUSCON ‘STEEL COMPANY YOUNGSTOWN, OH10 Manufacturers and Engineers TRUSCON BUILDINGS for all airport requirements and for every need of the Air- plane Industry Deratt information « ‘Trascon Steel Company “Youngstown, Ohio Please quote price on Hangar as 1065

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1066 for a total of 11,000’ mi. The aggregate mileage that the directors have flown amounts to over 38,000 mi. The Stano- lind will be used this year even more extensively than last year in the promotion of aviation. It will pay visits to the numerous points in the 10 states in which the company ope- rates and to such cities which contemplate promoting an air- port. ‘The Stanolind, Jr., is an E. M. Laird biplane and is to be operated and used by the manager of the Aviation D. ment in the solicitation of aviation accounts and sup of sales in the Middle West. It is powered with a Wrig Whirlwind engine and is fully equipped. Stanolind A Oil being exhibited is a heavy bodied highly refined pure pe troleum produet, made especially for the lubrication of high compression heavy duty aviation engines. It resists extreme temperature without losing its lubricating body and is recom- mended for the lubrication of all types of aireraft engines with the exception of the rotary types. Superla Aero Oil (summer) is somewhat lighter in body than Stanolind and is particularly recommended for use in small type training planes equipped with low pressure en gines. It conforms to the U. S. Government specifications for Grades 2 and 3 aero oil and the Stanolind Aero Oil meets the U. S. Government requirements for Grade 4 aero oil Superla Aero Oil (winter) is a cold tested oil which meets U. 8. Government specifications for Grade 1 aero oil. It will pour at a temperature as low as 15 degrees above zero Fah- renheit, and is recommended for flying in zero weather and altitude work where low temperatures are encountered. The revised Aviation Manual which is a part of this company’s exhibit describes some of its activities toward creating interest in aviation. It also contains a complete list of names, citie and towns where the Standard Oil Co. of Ind. has painted the roofs of its warehouses with names of its representative communities. AVIATION April 16, 1928 STANDARD STEEL PROPELLER CO. Pittsburgh, Pa, In a display of 400 sq. ft. this company is exhibiting a two blade propeller for engines of 90-110 hp., a three bladed pro. peller for use on Wright Whirlwind engines, hubs, bisdes and parts for various standard engines. The two bladed pr peller and the three bladed propeller are new developments, The first has been under development for about two years ‘The manufacturer stated that he had taken his time in this development in an effort to produce the most efficient type ever placed on the market. This propeller, which is now i produetion, successfully passed whirling tests at MeCook Field. A Standard Steel propeller for the Wright Whirlwind engine It was whirled at 100 per cent. overload. The-propeller was designed after those of high horsepower now in use, and it is said that vibration has been eliminated. The three bladed pro- peller was designed for installations requiring a small diameter such as the center engine of Fokker tri-engined monoplane: where the dises of the standard three blade propeller overlap. STROMBERG MOTOR DEVICES CO. Chicago, IU. ‘This company which manufactures carburetors, shock ab- sorbers, and other automotive equipment is biting in a dis play of 100 sq. ft. The features of this exhibit are cut-away models of the same type carburetor as was used by Col. Chas EFFICIENCY EFFICIENCY of an airplane depends not on loading the plane almost to capacity of its power but on POWER. The Sikorsky Amphibian Model 1928 is equipped with two (2) Wasp 400 HP. motors, and the designers of the plane have purposely limited the normal useful load to 3000 Ibs. Thus, with a large margin of RESERVE POWER it flies at cruising speed the margin of RESERVE on a reduced number of R.P.M., insuring flight on one engine with full normal load and longer life of the engines. When flying on schedule RESERVE POWER is a necessity for safety and dependable per- formances under adverse conditions. Seating capacity — from 10 to 12 passen- gers including crew. Normal gasoline capac- ity — 5 hours. Write for Particulars SIKORSKY MANUFACTURING CORPORATION, COLLEGE POINT, L. I, N. ¥. | April 16, 1928 ‘A. Lindbergh, Commander Byrd, Clarence Chamberlin and Mz. Levine, Lieuts. Maitland and Hegenberger, the Army and Navy. sir mail planes, ete. Carburetors designed and built for military use on highly maneuverable airplanes and cap- able « up-side-down, as well as units especially adapted for civamercial purposes are also being shown. A set of pictur: illustrating the various products manufactured by A Stromberg NA- T4 Carburetor which is standard equipment on a Wright Whirlwind engine. this company is also a part of the exhibit. J. M. Miller of the Aviation Department and H. A. Hansen, manager of the Detroit factory branch, are in charge of the exhibit. TEXAS-PACIFIC COAL AND OIL CO. Ft. Worth, Tezas H ‘This exhibit which covers 200 sq. ft. of floor space is fea- tured by the showing of a new type aero motor lubricating oils, sold under the registered trade mark AMLO. The exhibit shows ranger ernde from the company’s own producing wells in Central Texas, which is pure parrafin base crude pro- duced from the Pennsylvanian formation and piped to the Air view of the Fort Worth, Tez., refinery of the Texas-Pacific Coal and Oil Co. ery in Ft, Worth, ‘The ranger pool was discovered in , and a unique model shows the discovery well on the MeCleskey lease in operation. ‘This model is enclosed in a glass case. There is also shown the standard Thurma grades of lubricating oils produced at the Ft. Worth refinery from the high grade parrafin base ernde. The exhibit is in charge of D. T. Evans, chief lubricating cer, and F. R. Staley, chief chemist of the Texas-Pa- cific Coal and Oil Co. STRAUSS & BUEGELEISEN Brooklyn, N. ¥. This exhibit which covers 100 sq. ft. of floor space is fea- tured by the showing of 25 different styles of eye protection AVIATION Routed Airplane Spars, Posey Mfg. Co., Hoquiam, Wash. Mr. Aircraft Manufacturer Why purchase your lumber in the rough? It is a wasteful and useless practice when yeu. can buy FINISHED Spars, rib- stock and _ strips, properly kiln-dried according to Gov- ernment specifications. We work them out for you de- livered in convenient sizes. We have the most complete fa- cilities for meeting your éxact requirements in prompt man- ner in all lines of cured lumber. Posey Mfg. Co. HOQUIAM, WASHINGTON

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1068 for aviation. This company which has offices in San Fran- cisco, Detroit and Hamilton, Ontario, has been making avi- ation goggles since 1917. Its Resistal lenses and goggles have already seen considerable service. The new styles include the Commodore, the United States Navy pilot goggle now being de- livered on government contract and N.M.R., Resistals latest frame and cushion. Joseph Buegeleisen, who is head of the Detroit Sales office, is in charge of this exhibit. W. HARRIS THURSTON New York, N. ¥. In a display area covering 150 sq. ft. of floor space this eompany is exhibiting a large roll of “Dartmouth-Tex” grade A 36 in. mercerized cotton airplane cloth, rolls of pinked edge and straight edge aero tapes and also a bolt of Thur- ston’s balloon cloth. There is also being shown some doped frames of Dartmouth-Tex made up through the courtesy of Berry Bros. A loud speaker constructed of Dartmouth-Tex is on exhibition as is also a model boat with sails made of the company’s balloon cloth. This boat was loaned throngh the courtesy of Boucher Co., New York City. Various photo- graphs and literature descriptive of the company’s products are included in the exhibit. W. H. Thurston, Jr., and J. C. Mathews are in charge. E. S. TWINING & CO. New York, N. ¥. The exhibit of this company which is included in 80 sq. ft. ¥f floor space features the company’s products, Flightex fabric ind tape, which is being used by many of the leading aircraft manufacturers in the country. This cloth is a specially de- tigned airplane fabric made from the best Egyptian cotton obtainable. It is carefully spun in the yarn and is mercerized AVIATION April 16, 1928 to give maximum strength. The manufacturer states that Flightex fabric exceeds the requirements of the Army and Navy specifications and that the finished fabric adds creatly to the appearance of any plane. All of the planes on the transcontinental air mail routes are protected with Flighter fabric. Descriptive literature and samples of the company’s produet are obtainable at this booth. E. S. Twining end V, Dietz, Jr., are in charge of this exhibit. UNIVERSITY OF DETROIT Detroit, Mich. This exhibit which is educational in nature covers 75) sq. ft. of floor space. Here is shown one complete MS. float seaplane, (The construetion consists of duralumin metal spars and rib, and tubular steel fuselage.) a twelve cylinder Liberty aireraft engine, a complete reaction dyno- meter and a Laurence three cylinder air-cooled engine and instrument test stand. There is also an instrument board il- lustrating the construstional feature of aircraft instruments and propeller mounted in three views illustrating propeller layout of cross sections and constructional features. The head of aeronautical engineering at the University of Detroit is Professor P. Altman. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Ann Arbor, Mich. The feature of this exhibit which covers 50 sq. ft. of floor space is a working model of a wind tunnel designed by E. N. Failes, aeronautical engineer of the University of Michi- gan aeronautical staff. The tunnel is 18 in. in diameter and the propeller which is 20 in. from tip to tip is driven by s small % hp. electrie motor. The aeronautical students at the University of Michigan have prepared the exhibit which alo Typical Installation of Rusco Aero Rings On Fokker Tri-motor Transport Weight of Ring. Oe unusual facilities enable us to fabricate complete units to your specifications and blue prints. Inquiries solicited. We have manufactured complete textile military equipment for more than a half century. See the Engineers Manual of Rusco Aero Products at our booth at the Detroit Aero Show. THE RUSSELL MANUFACTURING CO (Founded 1830) Sales Office: 349 B’way, N. Y. C. Load-Elongation Curve, Rusco Aero Ring, 9/16 x 5 3/8 Inside Circumference of Ring. Perimeter around Anchorage at Recommended Working Range. . -16.80 In. sien a O72 In, -20 to 100% -2.7 Ounces Factory: Middletown, Conn. April 16, 1928 includes small model airplanes, dirigibles and other types of ireraft. R. W. Miller, a graduate assistant of the aeronautical departnient, is in charge of the exhibit assisted by Charles Strang, 2 student at the University. WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC & MFG. CO. E. Pittsburgh, Pa. This oxhibit which covers 300 sq. ft. of floor space is fea- tured by the showing of an airport lighting equipment and Micarta propellers, pulleys and fair leads. The airport light- ing equipment includes an airport floodlight projector, boun- dary lights, approach lights, obstruction lights, hangar lights, and rellectors, a transformer, and a daylight lamp setter for the flood light projectors. ‘The flood light projector gives an evouly diffused light of ample brilliance with the upward ays shut off at the horizontal. The Westinghouse airport ions are readily adaptable to any field regardless install: A Westinghouse Micarta propeller suitable for an OX-5 en gine. of size, shape or surface. Recently the Westinghouse Co. designed a new model Micarta propeller which is suitable for the OX-5 engine. This propeller which has successfully passed tests at Wright Field is extremely durable and light in weight and is of the detachable blade, adjustable pitch type. This model and the 200 hp. model which has been extensively used by the Army and Navy are unaffected by change in temperature or moisture. The Micarta pulleys on display are now standard equipment of practically every prominent aireraft manufactured in the country, according to a statement by the manufacturer. They are light in weight and have graphitized self Iubrieating bearing surfaces which reduce friction and wear to a minimum. WESTINGHOUSE LAMP CO. New York, N. ¥. The exhibit of this company covers 150 sq. ft. of floor space and is featured by a unique aviation lamp display which illustrates the various Iamps used in aeronautical practice, The Westinghouse aviation lamp display. from tlic small compass lights located on the instrument board to the |.rge 10 kw. lamps used for landing field illumination. The center piece earries a painting of a Class AAA landing field in front of which are 22 lamps with descriptive cards giving data for each lamp shown. The side transparency AVIATION 1069 “How To Use Aviation Insurance Protection Economically and Advantageously” —is the title of our new brochure. Ask us for a copy. It explains also our free advisory service founded on 20 consecutive years’ practical experience in avia- tion and supported by our corps of highly qualified aeronautical engineers and our staff of executives sides long traming in insurance. Our experience, knowledge and organization are at your service to assist in minimizing hazards with consequent redue- tion of operational costs and insurance rates, thus helping to improve, broaden and stabilize both your interests and our interests as Underwriters. Co- operation is the key to that result and is achieving remarkable improvements. Our success is founded on service and sympathetic cooperation fortified by long experience. Insurance Protection Available aggregates over $750,000 per aircraft Constructive total loss Life insurance Accidental Damage Public liability Fire, Tornado, Theft Property Damage Cargo (direct and liability) Passenger lability Damage to ground property Personal Accident Airport and Airmeet liability Compensation LOWEST RATES BROADEST COVERAGE HIGHEST INDEMNITIES Policies have been issued over a long period of years and, ‘among others, ‘in favor of Federal and State Governments, ‘Air ‘Transport, Inc., Boeing ‘Colonial Air i ‘National Air Transport, Inc., ond ‘Weetern Air Barber & Baldwin, Inc. Underwriting Agents Graybar Building ‘Tel, Lexington 4816 New York City

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1070 boxes of this display show various views of the application of lamps in aeronautical practice. The airplanes are worked in relief. A plane mounted above the center piece is so constructed as to allow its propeller to revolve. This little propeller is driven by a small Universal motor. A rainbow in the back of the display is illuminated by means of a 100 watt lamp. The whole display is 10 ft. long and 7¥2 ft. high. The center piece is 22 in. deep and the transpar- ent boxes are 10 in. deep. The weight of the display is approximately 395 lb. Together with the shipping case it weighs approximately 600 Ib. ALSO EXHIBITING The following firms are also exhibiting at the Show; Over- cashier Aircraft Mfg. Co., Detroit, Mich., two planes; Baush Machine Tool Co., Springfield, Mass. accessories; Kalee and Forster, Detroit, Mich., aerial photography; The Texas Co., Detroit, Mich., lubricants; Hurd Mfg. Co., Detroit, Mich., one plane; Viking Aircraft Co. (formerly Chieago Aviation Co.) Chicago, Ill, one plane; S. F. Bowser & Co., Fort Wayne, Ind., fueling equipment; Imperial Brass Mfg. Co., Chicago, IL, welding apparatus; McCord Radiator Mfg. Co., Detroit, Mach., fuel pumps and radiators; Michigan National Guard, 107th Aero Squadron, educational; Michigan Mutual Liabili- ty Co., Detroit, Mich., educational; Vacuum Oil Co., Detroit, Mich., lubricants; W. F. Williamson Advertising Service, Chi- eago, Tl. airport markers; Ypsilanti Reed Furniture Co., Yona, Mich., reed chairs; and Lenert All-Metal Aireraft Co., Pentwater, Mich., one plane. The aeronautical publication exhibits include, Avratton, New York, N. ¥.; Aero Digest, New York, N. Y.; Slipstream, Dayton, 0.; Air Transportation, New York, N. Y.; Air Tra- vel Nets, Detroit, Mich.; Popular Aviation, Chicago, Tll.; and Associated Trade Press, Chicago, Tl AVIATION April 16, 19% The Engine Division Continued from page 971 revolutions, and are now being used in the Navy three-purpow planes built by Glenn L. Martin. The 2500 geared engines have the same hp. rating and two of them are being installed ins Dornier Superwal plane in Germany which is being preparei for 2 trans-Atlantic flight this summer. RYAN AERONAUTICAL CORP. San Diego, Calif. In a display area of 150 sq. ft. this company is exhibiting three Ryan-Siemens engines; one a 5 cylinder engine, e a 7 cylinder engine, and the third a 9 cylinder engir ratings are 70, 100 and 125 hp., respectively. The engines ay air-cooled static radials and all three are of similar constrae tion. The engines have a bore of 3 15/16 in., and stroke of 4 23/32 in., and a compression ratio of 5.6. The cylinders consist of an open steel journal, with aluminum alloy head: screwed on. They are provided with drop valves which a actuated by push rods and roller tappets. The crankshaft rans on ball and roller bearings. Four, six and eight secon. dary connecting rods respectively are connected to the head of the master rod, acting upon the crankshaft by way of tws sturdy ball bearings. All are supplied with two Siemens mag. netos and each cylinder with two Siemens spark plugs. The # five cylinder engine is provided with one carburetor, the othe with two, The arrangement of the nozzle holder o carburetor permits of varying the adjustment eve the hile the engine is running. Magnetos, carburetors, air ani oil pumps are fitted to the rear end cover in such a way to be easily interchangeable and readily accessible. The e- THE BERLINER MONOPLANE -- See it at the Show -- Maximum Performance Minimum Maintenance BERLINER AIRCRAFT COMPANY, Inc. Write to Factory: ALEXANDRIA, Virginia. . . or Fly to Field: HOOVER FIELD. | Washington, D.C. | April 16, 1928 gines are adapted for tractor or pusher propeller drive and normally run counter-clockwise (looking from the front). ‘The officials of the company state that engines running in a clockwise direction ean be obtained. The engines are built by th: Siemens-Halske Co. of Germany, and are imported to Front quarter view of the 9 cylinder Ryan-Siemens engine. this country. They have been approved by the Department of Commerce for use in licensed aircraft and are rapidly becom- ing standard equipment for many planes in that power class. These engines were described in detail in the Oct. 24, 1927 issue of Aviation. PRATT & WHITNEY AIRCRAFT CO. Hartford, Conn. The exhibit of this company which covers 400 sq. ft. of floor space is featured by the showing of both the Pratt & Whitney Wasp and Hornet engines, as well as a number of the parts representing distinctive features of the engines. The Front views of the Pratt & Whitney “Hornet” (left) and “Wasp” engines. é Wasp is a 9 cylinder radial air-cooled engine rated at 400 hp. »| 1900 r.p.m. It is now a standard power plant for all new single and two place Navy planes for both earrier and vatayilt work. The Wasp without hub or starter weighs 660 Ib. and the weight per rated hp. is 165. Tlie bore is AVIATION 1071 Take your AIRPORT Problems to William E. Arthur & Company, Inc. 292 Madison Avenue, New York City Aeronautical Engineers and Builders. Consultation Designing Selection Engineering ADVISORY BOARD Clarence Chamberlin Art. Goebel Floyd Bennett Bernt Balchen Bert Acosta C. S. (Casey) Jones M. M. Merrill Richard Depew Clay Ferguson Phone Coledonia 7389 Cable Address “WEART-N.Y.”

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1072 5% in., and the stroke 5% in., and the compression ratio is 5.0. It is fitted with BG spark plugs, two Scintilla magnetos and one Stromberg carburetor. The shipping weight crated is 1150 Ib. In 1927 the Wasp played a large part in the establishment of six world records by U. S. Navy planes. Four of these records were made with Vought Corsair (Wasp), and two in the Navy Apache (Wasp). Three of the first four records were high speed and the fourth was for altitude in a service plane. The last two records were landplane and seaplane altitade records with the same equipment. The Hornet is a nine cylinder radial air-cooled engine rated at 500 hp. at 1900 r.p.m. It was designed primarily for the weight carry- ing type of plane and is being installed for Naval purposes ingle engine bombers. The Hornet was developed shortly after the Wasp and follows the Wasp design closely. Its weight dry without hub or starter is 750 Ib., and the weight per rated hp. is 1.5. The bore is 6% in., the stroke 6% in., and the compression ratio is 5.2. It has the same ignition and carburetor installations as the Wasp and the shipping weight erated is 1325 Ib. It is believed that the Hornet for certain classes of work will replace the Wasp. Boeing Air Transport has already, because of excessive rates, put into service four of the Hornet engines in its standard mail planes. Within the last few months manufacturing rights for both the Wasp and the Hornet have been granted for Continental Europe to the Bavarian Motor Works of Munich, Germany. Further specifications of both of these engines will be found in the Commercial Engine Specification Table. WARNER AIRCRAFT CORP. Detroit, Mich. This company is exhibiting in 200 sq. ft. of floor space its new seven cylinder air-cooled radial engine rated at 110 hp. AVIATION April 16, 19% ‘This is the first public showing of the engine. It is of con. ventional type, incorporates no radical features and was de- signed by W. 0. Warner, vice pres, and chief engjpcer of the corporation. It has successfully passed the Depdtiment of Commerce 50 hour test and approval has been received from the Department. It presents a very clean appearance and all equipment is placed in the rear. Tt was designed with a view to minimizing the amount of time required for in. stallation and it is comparatively easy to streamline the cowl ing. The cylinder barrel is of steel with an aluminum head Left, front view of the Warner engine. Right, rear view showing Scintilla ignition units that are easily accessible. ‘The bore is 4.25 in., and the stroke is 4.25 in. The push rod und rear end of rocker arms are enclosed while the front end of the rocker arms and springs are exposed. The engine is equipped with two Scintilla magnetos which are arranged in such a manner as to make them easily accessible. The en- gine can be readily mounted into a cireular mounting of 17 in, diameter. Provision has been made for the adaptation Patented and Patents Pending Yes, ALL METAL, but the Tires 3 Passenger, Model C, 0X5 Motor, $2,950 Meet us at the All-American Aircraft Show LENERT AIRCRAFT CO. Pentwater, Michigan | April 16, 1928 of any standard commercial starter. The development of the Warner engine was commenced in October, 1926, and the first xperimental engine was put through 125 hours of torque aod running including a 50 hour factory test during July, $927, ob-erving the rales of the standard 50 hour Army Air Service ‘est. Following this test the engine was installed in s commercial plane formerly powered with an OX-5, for the purpose of securing flight test hours. This flight test has cov- Ped s period of several months under various climatic con- Gitions during which time the engine has proved very reliable. W. 0. Warner and W. J. Jarvie are in charge of this ex- bibit. WRIGHT AERONAUTICAL CORP. Paterson, N. J. This exhibit covers 400 sq. ft. of floor space and is fea- fared by a cnt away model of the famous Wright Whirlwind 3-5 engine in actual operation. The engine is driven by a pelt on a small electric motor. The second feature of the ex- hibit is the Wright Cyclone R-1750 engine which is one of the last and most interesting developments in the radial en- gine ficld. The engine is a nine eylinder model of approxi. fately 525 hp., and was designed especially for sustained heavy duty work in a high powered field where water-cooled ‘engines are at present being utilized. The Cyclone is now deing manufactured exclusively for the United States Navy, but it is possible that permission may be secured from the Government for the sale of this engine to civilians before the Front quarter view of the Wright “Cyclone” R-1750 engine. end of 1928. The engine has four cycles and the direction of propeller rotation is anti-clockwise. The guaranteed rated brake hp. is 525 at 1900 r-p.m., at sea level. The weight dry without starter or hub is 760 Ib., and the weight per rated hp. is 152 Ib. The bore is 6 in., the stroke 6% in., and the pis- ton displacement is 1753 eu. in. The ignition is dual type Scintilla AG-9-G and the carburetor is Stromberg NAY-7-A. The shipping weight crated is 1530 Ib. The cut away Whirl- wind which is on exhibition is a 9 cylinder 4 cycle engine having anti-clockwise propeller rotation. The maximum brake bp. is 225 at 2000 r.p.m., at sea level. The weight dry with- AVIATION FOR SAFE DESCENT 1073 WHEN YOU FLY be prepared with a 100 % Manually Operated No Springs No Rubber Bands No Dangerous Pilot Chute Made of silk or cotton; prices $250 to $350, complete with carrying bag. Descriptive Folder on Request EXCLUSIVE DEALER FRANCHISES | avanks AVAILABLE > ‘We are appointing exclusive dealers in every state in the Union. Write NOW for folder outlining our attractive proposition for your state. RUSSELL PARACHUTE COMPANY 1202 Kettner Blvd. San Diego, Calif.

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1074 out starter or hub is 500 Ib. and the weight per rated hp. is 25 Ib. The bore is 4.5 in. the stroke is 5.5 in., and the compression ratio is 5. © piston displacement is 788 cu. in. The ignition is dual type Scintilla AG-9-D and the Front view of the cut away model of the Wright Whirlwind engine. carburetor is Stromberg NAT-4. The shipping weight erated is 1000 Ib. Various illustrations of Wright products and their accomplishments together with miscellaneous literature are AVIATION —— April 16, 1928 ineluded in this exhibit which is in charge of John Rozers, sales representative of the company, assisted by other em. ployees. The Whirlwind J-5 engine was described in detail in Avis. tion, Sept. 26, 1927. Further specifications of both the Cyclone and the Wright Whirlwind J-5 will be found in the Commercial Engine Spe- ification Table. The Airplane Division Continued from page 969 ren truss construetion to the rear of the baggage com- partment and wire braced behind that point. The overall length is 36 ft. 8 in. The cabin is finished in mahogany and velour and is optionally equipped with five or six comfortable seats. It is ventilated and heated. The pilots cockpit which ean seat one or two is of the enclosed type and partitioned off from the cabin with 2 communicating door. Control is single non-magnetic stick, accessible from both sides of the pilot’s seat. There are dual rudder controls and steerable tail skid with brakes operating independently of each other. The weight empty with standard equipment is 2,800 Ib. The pay load is 1,230 Ib. The total usefal load is 2,200 Ib., and the total loaded weight 5,000 Ib. The top speed at sea level is 138 mp-h., the cruising speed is 118 m.p.h., and the land- ing speed is 40-42 m.p.h. The plane climbs 10,000 ft. in 10 min., and the service ceiling is 19,000 ft. In addition to the Super-Universal the Atlantic Aircraft Corp. is displaying an interesting set of large photographs and models of the various types of Fokker planes. Among these are pictures of the new Fokker F-10, tri-engine job PHEASAN TP. sosouncesensesers analysis of the PHEASANT biplane has been approved by the Department of Commerce when powered either by OX5 motor or new series Anzani 120 H.P. radial air cooled motor. GA PHEASANT is being exhibited at the All-American Aircraft Show where the many exclusive PHEASANT features may be observed. @Moderate in price and unexcelled in erformance. Pheasant Aircraft Co., Inc., Memphis, Mo. April 16, 1928 powered with Pratt & Whitney Wasp engines. The F-10 which is being made for Western Air Express is designed to carry 12 passengers and two pilots and large quantities of , freight and mail. The plane is stated to have a top speed of 148 mph, and a climb of over 1,400 ft. per nin. Capt. G. E Haynes, formerly of the U. S. Army Air Service und later of the Department of Commerce, is in, charge of the Atlantic Aireraft Corp. exhibit. BERLINER AIRCRAFT CO., INC. Alexander, W. Va. In a display area of 1000 sq. ft., this company is exhibiting an OX-5 Berliner monoplane designed by Henry A. Berliner, president of the company. A similar plane is at the Ford Airport for demonstration use during the Show. The Berliner monoplane is a standard three place open cockpit plane which may be powered with either an OX-5 or a Wright Whirlwind engine. A five place semi-enclosed model convertible into a cabin job and also powered with the Wright Whirlwind is now under construction at the company’s factory, and will be in production at an early date. The fuselage of the plane on exhibition is of welded chrome molybdenum steel tubing, covered with aluminum cowling and fabric. The wing is made in one piece, with box spars conforming to Army and Navy specifications, spruce ribs and fabrie covering. The landing gear is clean and efficient, the shock absorbers being of the most advanced hydraulic spring type. Dual control is used andard finish is Aircraft Berryloid, cream and ma- Rear quarter view of the Berliner monoplane powered with an OX-5 engine. toon, Other colors are optional. A baggage compartment is a part of the Whirlwind model. The span of this plane is 34 ft, the length is 25 ft., the chord 6 ft. 3 in., the height 8 ft, and the wing area 206 sq. ft. The OX-5 model weighs 1350 Ib. empty, and the Whirlwind model weighs 1400 Ib. empty. The high speed with full load of the OX-5 model is 100 m.p.h., landing speed is 41 mph, and the cruising range is 400 mi. The Wright Whirlwind model has a high speed with full load at 136 m.p. i ing speed of 110 m-p.h., landing speed of 44 m, emiising range of 450 mi. The equipment on the OX-5 model includes Hamilton or Hartzell wood propeller, tachometer, altimeter, air speed indicator, oil pressure gange, temperature gange, primer, ignition switch 26 x 4 tires and an adjustable stabilizer. The equipment of the other model includes Stand- ard Steel propeller, Bendix wheel brakes, 30 x 5 tires, mag- neto compression tachometer, altimeter, air speed indicator, adjustable stabilizer, oil pressure gatige, temperature gauge, Primer and switeh. BUHL AIRCRAFT CO. Marysville, Mich. This company is exhibiting two Bubl Airsedans and one Polished fuselage of the same model. The company’s exhibit covers 3,000 sq. ft. of floor space. The plane is # cabin type biplane powered with a Wright Whirlwind engine. It is de- Signed to carry a pilot and four passengers. The cabin which AVIATION 1075 CONTROL AREAS MACELLE TYPE HE following test pilots have con- tributed to the demonstration of satisfactory control and advance- ment in design of the Burnelli airfoil fuselage multiple engined type through the operation of the giant RBI and 2. Bert Acosta, Clarence Coombs, Ran- dolph Page, Lloyd Bertaud, Edward Stinson, Howard Rinehart, George Pond. Romer Weyant, Homer Berry and Earl White. Some Advantages of the BURNELLI TYPE Accessible multiple engine compartment Extensive reduction of head resistance Reduced turning moment on one engine Fuselage lift reduces landing speed Increased capacity of the fuselage Structural efficiency and simplicity Practical Landing Gear Retraction 247 PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY

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1076 is clear is heated and contains a metal baggage and mail compartment. Two 36 gal. fuel tanks are carried, one on each side of the fuselage and in the upper wing. The polised model of the standard Airsedan fuselage is shown in skeleton. The weight empty is 2,100 Ib., the wing span is 42 ft., the high Front quarter view of the Buhl “Airsedan” powered with a Wright Whirlwind. speed is 120 m.p-h., and the landing speed 42 m.p-h. The plane was built under the Department of Commerce Certificate of Airworthiness No. 12, approved for 1,000 Ib. pay load. The plane is of welded steel fuselage construction with wood wings and ineluded in the equipment of the plane are self-starter, compass, air speed indicator, navigation lights, tachometer, altimeter, clock, fire extinguisher, fuel and oil gauges, ex- haust manifold with mufller, ete. BELLANCA AIRCRAFT CORP. Wilmington, Del. ‘The exhibit of this company which takes up 2,500 sq. ft of floor space consists of one Bellanca monoplane, model CH and powered with a Wright Whirlwind J-5 engine. The plane is similar to that used by Chamberlin and Levine on their famous New York-Germany flight, and also to the plane AVIATION April 16, 19% owned by A. R. Martine in which Chamberlin and Williams at. tempted to establish a new endurance record. The only differ. ence is that Model CH is fitted for the carrying of pas-cngen The two individual seats are richly upholstered as is «lso the wide seat in back. The two forward seats are separated with s fire extinguisher mounted between them. The fuselage is of welded steel tubing construction with a section bebind the cabin being detachable by removing a pin in each longeron, The wings are of wood and covered with fabrie. The land ing gear is of the cantilever type with housing such that it can carry the plane temporary in case of failure. T Rear quarter view of the Whirlwind powered Bellanca mono- Pl has a useful load of 1,850 Ib., and when loaded with sufficient fuel bas a cruising radius of 800 mi., and allowing! for the pilot, it has a pay load of 1,100 Ib. With a useful load the maximum speed is 128 m.p.h., cruising speed 110 m.p-h., and the landing speed is 46 m.p.h. This plane was described in detail in the Jan. 23, 1928 issue of Aviation. Farther spe cifications will be found in the Commercial Landplane and Seaplane Specification Table. DESLAURIERS CONSTANT SPEED PROPELLERS For Driving Aircraft Radio Generators and Other Power Requirements Used by Commander Byrd, on both of his epoch-making flights, also used on many other notable long-distance flights, functioning per- fectly, at all times. Used by United States and foreign governments. Operates at constant speed, regardless of air speed. Head resistance only 25% of fixed-pitch propeller, — weighs less than any other radio system,—rugged in con- struction and operation. Full Details Upon Request DESIGNED AND MANUFACTURED BY DESLAURIERS COLUMN MOULD COMPANY, INC. WOOLWORTH BLDG. NEW YORK CITY Bulletin No. 105 will be sent upon request. April 16, 1928 CESSNA AIRCRAFT CORP. Wichita, Kan. This company is exhibiting in 1,500 sq. ft. of floor space one Cessna monoplane powered with a 120 hp. Anzani engine. ‘A Cessna monoplane powered with a Wright Whirlwind en- gine is at the Ford Airport for demonstrgtion purposes. The ‘Anzani model is a closed cabin job and carries three people, two pilots and one passenger. The Wright Whirlwind model is a four-passenger job with a wide seat in back for two peo- ple. The seats are removable for mail or freight carrying ‘The fuse- and there is a standard compartment for baggage. Front quarter view of the Cessna three place cabin monoplane (420 hp. Anzani). lage is of welded chrome molybdenum steel tubing construe- tion. The wing is of full cantilever wood construction with plywood covering the box spars. The wings taper in both plan and section. The Anzani model is stated to have a high speed of 120 m.p.h., a eruising speed of 110 m.p.h., and a landing specd of 45 m.p-h. The plane climbs at the rate of 1,000 Z.p.m. Its weight empty is 1,250 Ib. and with a disposable load of 750 Ib., it has a gross weight of 2,000 Ib. This plane was de- seribed in the March 5, 1928 issue of AvraTion. DRIGGS AIRCRAFT CORP. Lansing, Mich. This company which is exhibiting in 900 sq. ft. of floor space is showing its standard 1928 model Driggs Dart II fit- with a 40 hp. Szekely engine. It is an open cockpit bi plane with Warren truss interplane bracing. The fuselage whieh is of welded steel tubing construction weighs only 54 Ib. The wings are of spruce beams with pressed duralumin ribs. The airfoil is R.A.F. 15, and the covering is Flightex: lded tubing. The Szekely engine with which this e is powered is x three eylinder, fixed radial desi at 40 hp. at 1800 rpm. It is known as the SR-3 and is the first of a line of Front quarter view of the Driggs Dart powered with a three cylinder Anzani. sireraft engines, being developed by the O. E. Szekely Corp., Holland, Mich. to be known as the Szekely SR The bore of the SR-3 is 4% in., the stroke is 454 in. and the com- pression ratio is 4.8 to 1. It weighs 144 Ib. dry and crated for shipping it weighs 205 Ib. Tests have shown a gasoline consumption of .57 Ib. per brake horsepower hour or approxi- mately 3.8 gal. per h The SR-3, which is in limited production, has all accessories, AVIATION 1077 American Eagle You Can Be Sure Because It KNOWS NO DEFEAT IN OFFICIAL PERFORMANCE CONTESTS = -60 feet ‘eae 2 cconds ‘Ox MOTOR ; 16,000 feet ‘al Lond. 850 Ibs. Cruising Duration 25 hrs. You Can Be Safe Because It Has NEVER HAD A STRUCTURAL FAILURE Welded Sea Individual Steel Tube Aileron Controls Rugged Wing Construction APPROVED TYPE C Brilliantly beantiful in desist tural failure and with a pe SRTIFICATE NO. 17 any like powered plane of this type Without question the most outstanding light comm Sport plane on the American Market at any price, With OX5-$2885 at Kansas City Prices With Other Motors Listed in Catalogue the burnished. aluminum ” motor x fuselage sand wi Cadmiuin proof) fttings and. at plywood on leading edge Sf all wings: Dual co ble ‘ailerons: Adjustable sta biiser, "Front cockpit. door, Wing. wirin Streamtine wires ON EXHIBITION AT THE DETROIT ALL AMERICAN AIRCRAFT SHOW stremmtine Send for Illustrate Catalogue

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1078 AVIATION April 16.19% 4pyi1 16, 1928 AVIATION 1079 ‘except the oil pump, in the rear. Valve mechanism and intake es manifolds are behind the cylinders, leaving the rocker arms as the only parts visible from the front. The exhaust port is in front of the cylinder, which is of nickel chromium al- loy cast iron construction. ' The oil pump is mounted on the front of the crank case at the bottom and is easily removable for inspection. The pistons are of aluminum alloy and the valves are of steel fitted with two springs each. The valve mechanism was developed some time ago by the Szekely com pany. A single cam operates both valves through a system of individual rocker arms and push rods. Two Scintilla mag: metos are furnished with each engine and are mounted side by side on a shelf cast integral with the rear erankease cover A Zenith carburetor is mounted below the engine. A more detailed description of this engine will appear in an The wings fold and are hinged about the rear spar attachment point. The All-Purpose cabin monoplane has also been pow- ered with a Curtiss C-6 engine and a Pratt & Whitney Wasp engine. The wing span of the model on exhibition is 44 ft., length is 30 ft. 11 in., height is 9 ft. Fully loaded the plane 650 Ib. The pay load is 845 Ib., and the weight emp- weighs ty is 2150 Ib. The top speed is 122 m.p-h., the landing speed 53 m.p.h. The service ceiling of the Fairchild All-Purpose Flight picture of the Eastman flying boat powered with issue. 75 hp. Anzani, This plane fitted with a three cylinder Anzani engine was yy p.h., a cruising speed of 60 m.p deseribed in the July 11, 1927 issue of Aviation. Further 450. # cmising speed of 60 m-p.b. and a landing speed 42 m.p.h. The manufacturer states that the flying boat climbs at the rate of approximately 400 ft. per min., and that con trol is extremely positive at all speeds, and also that tle boat Jae eASTAEAN shows no tendeney to stall even in a vertical bank at low speed : ; Gena aie With full load the Eastman flying boat requires only 15.17 Side view of the Fairchild All-Purpose cabin monoplane ne he see. to take off. J. H. Eastman is in charge of this exhibit Cas We eerste) n this exhibit whieh is included in 900 sq. ft gpace is the Eastman flying boat, one of the few lying boats FAIRCHILD AIRPLANE MANUFACTURING CO, pest Lateral brn Penden Pe ing displayed at the Show. was designe and by irmin eS abetbates ie * a TH bets adore Pd vines Seertbemiaicr aad - Earmgasit:LniZ Wer wind model either as a landplane or seaplane, and Certificate Sastman and is of the metal hull tractor type and pow This exhibit, which is a part of the Fairchild Aviation ¥7""55 tor the Wasp model cither as a Lendplane or seaplane ered with a 75 hp. Ansani engine, It seats two people side Corp. display that covers 2000 sq. ft. of floor space, is fe No 20 for the Wasp model either as a landplane or seaplane. by side, and is stated to have exceptional stability under tured by the showing of the Fairchild All-Purpose cabin Fee EEE e eal relied mane 7 © eaten, The span of the upper wing is 34 ft., and monoplane, a five place plane powered with a Wright Whi The whole Fairchild exhibit is in the charge of Richard the span of he lower wing is 22 The length overal is wind e ne. The fusel of this plane is welded steel tubing seclngy aged we att 26 ft. The wenght empty is stated to be 980 theand Mines. “Ch toes at cugean, The win Magee - ie) at Dever, sales ninnagic, ancl. J. abseriee, engineer! of the Wer ful load carried, 500 Ib. The plane hi = nally braced with V struts at cach side child Caminez Engine Corp. Graham B. Grosvenor, vice ful load earried, 500 Ib. The plane h ally braced with 'V struts at each sll, > aiaent of the Fairchild Aviation Corp., is also in Detroit. GENERAL AIRCRAFT CORP. Cincinnati, Ohio The exhibit of this company covers 2500 sq. ft. of floor space. The plane being shown is a three place, open cock- pit biplane powered with an OX-5 engine. The fuselage is constructed of welded steel tubing with a V door on the right fide of the passenger cockpit. ‘The wings are of the full cantilever type and constructed of laminated spruce spars and mahogany plywood ribs and covered with fabric. At the wing tips are N struts to take eare of any wing flutter. The landing gear is of the split axle type and made of welded steel tubing. The shock absorber is mounted inside of the fuselage similar to the Curtiss P-l. The tail skid is a steel , segs | specifications will be found in the C Seaplane Speci ple. mmereial Landplane and ation The Whirlwind LOCKHEED “Vega” 135 m. p. h. * with 1000 Ibs. * payload f floor a high speed of 75 wood and are ext AIR ASSOCIATES Inc. OLA LMM 8 tha tot oh (The Aviation Clearing House) Eastern Distributors HANGAR: Curtiss Field, L. I. SALESROOM: 535 Fifth Ave. NEW YORK CITY AS 2 eine. Sogn Wind tunnel model of the “Nighthawk” manufactured by the General Aircraft Corp. tube with a ease hardened shoe and is steerable with the rud- der bar. Tension springs are inserted in the skid cable con- trols. The ailerons and the tail surfaces are made of welded ff steel tubing and are fabrie eovered. Wire wheels with alumi- Pa ts Oe num streamline dises are used. The span of the upper wing ail Pe ce is 36 ft., and the span of the lower wing is 26 ft. The wing SSIN SONGS he Os area of the upper wing is 162.5 sq. ft., and the wing area of CalGinbe = the lower wing is 72.9 sq. ft. The plane is stated to have a top speed of 120 m.p.h., cruising speed of 102 m.p.h., and a landing speed of 35-40 m.p.h. The weight empty is 1250 Jb. Conrad and John W. Diets are in charge of this exhibit.

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1080 AVIATION GILLIS AIRCRAFT CORP. Battle Creek, Mich. The exhibit of this company which covers 1500 sq. ft. of floor space is featured by the first publie showing of its pro- duct the “Crusader” eabin monoplane. The Crusader is an all-purpose, four place cabin plane, powered with a 125 hp. Ryan-Siemens engine. Tt was designed by Prof. Edward A. Stalker and Lawrence V. Kerber of the Department of Aeronautical Engineering of the University of Michigan. ‘The cabin is entered on either side through roomy rectangular shaped door unobstructed by diagonal bracing. ‘The rigidity and strength of the fuselage near the floor is maintained by a nique trussing which forms the cabane for the center wing section. Genuine leather is used in upholstering the cabin whieh has full visioned windows of unshatterable glass. Pro- sion has been made for the carrying of 100 Ib. of baggage. de-by-side dual wheel control is provided. A full Elgin instrument board is in plain view of the pilot, and the plane is fully equipped ineluding wing and tail lights. ‘The fuselage is of welded seamless steel tubing and the tail and aileron sections are of the same material. Berry Bros. paint products are used throughout, the color of the fuselage being Nungesser green. The wings are of conven- tional type made of high grade specially treated airplane spruce and are wired for navigation lights. The ribs are of built up spruce and plywood. Square tie rods are used in internul g together with United States Government specifieation steel tubing for drag bracing. Flightex airplane covering is used on wings and fuselage. At 90 m.p.h. the Crusader has a ernising radius of 420 mi. The manufacturer states that the Crusader will climb 600 ft. per min,, that the best angle of glide is 1 in 9.5 and the best angle of climb is 1 in 9. The service ceiling is stated to be 11,500 ft. The landing gear is of the long stroke oleo split type and JOHNSON AIRPLANE & SUPPLY CO. DAYTON, April 16, 192% is fitted directly to the fuselage. The wheels are Bendiy. Laddon equipped with 30 x 5 tires. Braking is accomplished through a swiveled lever which allows the braking force tp be applied to any ratio between the two wheels and of any degree of magnitude up to maximum. The center of gravity is stated to be far enough back of the wheels to permit good braking action. The wing span of the Crusader is 32 9 in., and the overall length is 23 ft., and the height is 9 The chord is 4 ft. and the wing area is 245 sq. ft. The gros weight of the plane fully loaded is 2400 Ib. ‘The high speel of the plane is stated to be 110 m.p-h., and the landing speei is 45 m.p.h. Further specifications of this plane will be found in the Landplane and Seaplane Specification Table HALPIN DEVELOPMENT Co. Cincinnati, Ohio The exhibit of this company whieh covers 1750 8q. of floor space is featured by the showing of a new high wing all-metal monoplane known as the “Flamingo”. It was de signed and developed by Thomas E. Halpin, president of the company, and is powered with a Pratt & Whitney “Wasp” engine. The cabin seats a pilot and five passengers. Toilet and wash room facilities are provided as well as a mail and baggage compartment of 40 cu. ft. capacity. The fuselage is of welded seamless steel tubing construction throughout, The metal skin is fastened to light dural channels riveted to clips placed on the tubes. The main eabin is 44 in. wide, 60 in. high, and 108 in. long, and is fitted with upholstered reed chairs, secured to the floor. There is one wide door on the right side of the eabin and a door on the left side of the pilots’ compartment. ‘The cabin is finished in grey, duo-tone, embossed fibre board trimmed in red with aluminum strips around the windows and doors. It is also fitted with dome April 16, 1928 lights, The glass in the cabin windows is % in. plate and the glass surrounding the pilots’ cockpit is nonshatterable. The wing is of the semi-thick high lift type having lift praces attached at 58 per cent. of the span. It is construc- ted entirely of duralumin and the spars are of I section and the flanges are built of extruded angles with a dural web set between them. ‘The tail surfaces are of dural channel struc- tare covered with standard .014 corrugated dural skin. The fin is adjustable on the ground and the stabilizer is adjusted by a serew operated from the pilots’ compartment and is self locking in any position. All control surfaces are mount- ed on self-aligning ball bearings. The undercarriage is of the split axle type and fitted with standard Sauzedde 30 x 5 wheels with standard brakes. The shock absorbing unit is Aerol. A tail wheel is also fitted to the plane. It is formed of sheet steel faired with aluminum and is mounted on an arm connected to shock chord. The stern post supports emer- gency skid. Controls are dual deperdussen with chain and sprocket to eables over Micarta pulleys to external horns on all surfaces, Rudder pedals are of the stirrup type. Pioneer instruments are used and provision is also made for landing lights which will streamline into the wing tips. The overall length is 30 ft., the span 48 ft., the overall height 9% ft., and the wing area 354 sq. ft. The fuel eapacity is 150 gal. The top speed is stated to be 140 m.p.h., the eruis- ing speed 120 m.p.h., and the landing speed 50 HAMILTON METALPLANE CO. Milwaukee, Wis. This company is exhibiting in 4,400 sq. ft. of floor space one Hamilton all-metal closed cabin monoplane powered with a Pratt & Whitney Wasp engine. This plane, which is known ss model H-21, is of duralumin construction with corragated covering. The wings are almost full cantilever and have two short supporting struts on each side of the fuselage. The for- ward one goes to the point of attachment of the landing gear. The wings.taper in both plan and thickness and three beams are used. The landing gear is of the split axle type, and Bendix brakes are standard equipment. The plane carries 4 Hamilton Metalplane in flight at the 1927 National Air Races. from six to eight people. The cabin is upholstered, and the windows are trimmed with walnut. The fittings are of ox dized silver finish. The Pratt & Whitney Wasp engine installed in model H-21 is fitted with a Hamilton metal propeller. The control is dual stick or wheel and push rods are used throughout. The type of shock absorber is oleo and air. The instrument equipment on this model, as on all models of Hamilton metal planes, jndudes tachometer, altimeter, air speed indicator, compass, fuel gauge, clock, oil pressure indicator, and oil temperature Bauge, The span of the plane on exhibit is 54 ft., the overall length 1833 ft. 7 in. and the height is 9 ft. The wing area is 392 %. , Empty the plane weighs 2,495 Ib., the useful load is 2205 Ib, and fully loaded the plane weighs 4,700 lb. The AVIATION For The Discriminating Purchaser: THE AIRSEDAN AIRLINE OPERATORS will find this plane meets with all their requirements. The cabin has excep- tionally comfortable seats for four large passengers and the pilot's visibility is unexcelled. PRIVATE OWNERS will ap- prove of the fine appointments which are selected to satisfy the most critical taste. CORPORATIONS desiring to keep step with the progress of the times will find that here is an effi- cient and uptodate vehicle for transporting executives and per- sonnel to widely separated branches. We will be glad to assist you in determining the adaptability of this fine product to your requirements. BUHL AIRCRAFT COMPANY Marysville Michigan

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1082 top speed of model H-21 is 135 m.p.h., the eruising speed 115 m.p-h., and the landing speed 45 m.p.h. The fuel capaci 140 gal. and the normal range in miles of this plane is 750. This model, powered with a Wright Whirlwind engine, was described in the May 2, 1927 issue of Aviarion. Further in- formation regarding its specifications will be found in the land plane and seaplane specification table. INTERNATIONAL AIRCRAFT CORP. Cincinnati, Ohio In a display area of 2,000 sq. ft. this company is exhibiting two of its planes, the International F-17 Sportsman and the International F-18 Air Coach. The F-17 is a three place open cockpit biplane powered with an OX-5 engine, and the F-18 is a six place plane powered with a Wright Whirlwind In the F-18 four people are carried in a cabin in front and two, one of whom is the pilot, are carried in an open cock- pit in the rear. Both planes are of wood construction. The fuselage has eight longerons with built-up bulkheads and pl wood covered sides. The wings are constructed of box spars,

Rear quarter view of the Taiecoaonst F-18 (Wright Whirl- wind). AVIATION

April 16, 1928 ribs with plywood webs, set-in ailerons, and N type struts ‘A split type landing gear is used, also a steerable tail skid. The cabin of the F-18 is luxuriously finished throughout in rich red mohair. A large glass panel door permits ea=y en- trance and exit from the cabin. The windows are of uon-

Side view of the International F-17 powered with an OX.5 engine. breakable wired glass and the overhead windows may be opened for ventilation. Duplicating instruments are provided on the front panel in the cabin and include air speed indiea- tor, clock, altimeter, ete. An adjustable heater permits com- fortable traveling in cold weather. For the convenience of passengers, smoking trays, electric lighter, and a speaking tube to the pilot’s compartment are provided. An overhead dome reading light is installed for night travel. , The top speed of the F-18 is 125 mp-h., the landing speed 40 m.p.h., and the fuel capacity 106 gal. The span of tho F-17 is 35 ft,, the length 25 ft., and the height 9 ft. 6 in. Empty it weighs 1,350 Ib. and fully loaded 2,589 Ib. The

Approved Type Certificate No. 29.

—_ EAGLE AIRPORT School

of Oe eS ed

with Wright Whirlwind, mens, Anzani, Caminez, OXS. Powered

for

Air King Distributor

IOWA, NORTHERN ILLINOIS, SOUTHERN WISCONSIN. Good Responsible Dealers Wanted Complete aeronautical courses with trans- port pilots, full particulars on request.

Hinckley, _ Illinois

Aviation,

April 16, 1928 ed is 100 m.p.h. and the landing speed 35 m.p.h. The y be equipped with either the OX-5, Hisso, Anzani, ens, Caminez, Wright Whirlwind, or other engines lar type. The F-17 was deseribed in the August 8, issue of Aviation and the F-18 in the March 5, 1928 Further specifications on both planes will be found in nereial land plane and seaplane specification table. H. A. Speer, vice president and sales manager of the eom- pany, and Perry V. Ogden, vice president in charge of pro- duction, are supervising the International exhibit.

KEYSTONE AIRCRAFT CORP. Bristol, Pa. The exhibit of this company, covering 300 sq. ft. of floor space, consists of motion pictures, photographs, and models of its bombardment plane, the “Pirate”, now in actual ser- vice of the Army Air Corps. This plane is one of the more recent types manufactured by the Keystone company for the Government. Twenty-five of them are now under construction and several have already been delivered. Carrying a lond of bombs weighing more than a ton, as well as five flex- ible machine guns, the Keystone Pirate has a cruising radius of more than 500 mi. It is completely equipped with radio for sending and receiving and besides a pilot carries a bom- bardier, two gunners, a radio operator and an assistant pilot. The fuselage is built up of chrome molybdenum steel tubing with all joints welded and forming a rigid truss without wire bracing. The tail surfaces are also of welded chrome molyb-

denum tubing, as are the wing stubs on whieh are carried the engine mounts. The wings are of box spars and wosd rib construction and are fabric covered. The plane is powered with two 420 hp. Liberty engines equipped with electric <tart-

quarter view of the twin-engine bombardment plane, the Keystone “Pirate”.

Metal propellers are used. skids are of the oleo type. The brake The span of the Pirate is 67 ft. 10 in. and the overall length is 45 ft. 9 in. The weight empty is 7,115 Ib. and loaded 12,- 230 Ib. A detailed description of the Keystone Pirate ap- peared in the March 26, 1928 issue of Avration. Specifica- to the commercial planes manufactured by the Key- stoue Aircraft Corp. will be found in the land plane and sea- plane specification table. The Keystone booth is in charge of Stanley W. Jacques, service representative. Edgar N. Gott, president of the com- pany, and C. Talbot Porter, chief engineer, are also in De- troit, ‘The landing gear and tail wheels are Sauzedde with

KREIDER-REISNER AIRCRAFT, INC. Hagerstown, Md. This company is exhibiting in 2,000 sq. ft. of floor space one model of the “Challenger”. ‘This plane is a three place open cockpit biplane powered with an OX-5 engine. Two people sit in the front cockpit and the pilot is seated in the rear. The fusclage is of welded steel tubing construction with no wire bracing giving a modified Warren truss. It is well streamlined and the engine is neatly cowled. The wings are

AVIATION

1083

Dolfinite Products for the Aeronautic Industry Dolfinite Water and Gas Resisting Cement for use on riveted seams of gas tanks, creating: a perfect seam and eliminating leaks. This material dries to an elastic film, allowing ample time for riveting without losing its adhesive- ness. Dolfinite Water Resisting Compound for Floats a semi-drying material, applied to framework, eliminating costly operation of taping, can be laid on ribs with hand pressure gun quickly- and economically. Will prevent rust anc corrosion. Dolfinite Water and Rust Proof Cement is very desirable for attaching fabrics to wood, steel or duralumin. It is widely used in th manufacture of automobile bodies and h: many uses in the manufacture of aircra especially enclosed cabin planes. Samples of these materials will be furnished to interested] parties on request. DOLPHIN Paint & Varnish Company “SINCE 1885" Toledo, Ohio

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1084 built up of routed spruce bars and spruce ribs of the Pratt truss type. Duralumin false ribs and trailing edges are used. The drag bracing is by compression members of box section Numerous refinements are stated to have been made on the model now being exhibited. These include a new swiveling type tail skid, roomier front cockpit, a through axle type of Front quarter view of the Kreider-Reisner “Chatlenger™ with an OX-5 fitted landing gear, and radiator shutters. The center section has been widened two inches; this gives slightly more slant to the center section and interplane struts. The plane has been is- sued Approved Type Certificate No. 19. The span of the plane on exhibition is 30 ft. 1 in., the over- all length is 23 ft. 9 in., and the height is 9 ft. 4 in. The weight empty is 1,236 Ib. and the weight loaded 2,000 Ib. ‘The top speed of the Challenger is 102 m.p.h. and the land- ing speed 40 m.p.h. The plane was described in the October 3, 1927 issue of Avrariox. Further specifications will be found in the land plan aplane specifieation table. AVIATION April 16, 1928 IRELAND AIRCRAFT, INC. Garden City, L. I, N. ¥. This company is exhibiting one Ireland Neptune amphibian in 2,500 sq. ft. of floor space. The Neptune is a five place closed eabin Wright Whirlwind powered pusher biplane. The model on exhibition differs from the first experimental modal in that the hull is entirely of metal and the cockpits are covered over. This hull is believed to be the first ever con- structed with welded steel tubing for its internal structure, It is built up like a fuselage with four longerons and tubu- lar cross bracing. Some of the bottom bulkheads are of pressed duralumin sheet and the covering of the bottom and Front quarter view of the first model’ of the Ireland “Nep- tune” amphibian. sides is of “Alclad”, a corrosion resisting alloy manufactured by the Aluminum Co. of America, The cockpits are coverel over with a transparent covering that is streamlined to f in with the hull. The seats are upholstered wi The controls are the same as in the experimental model being dual side by side, “Dep”. The control is in front with landing gear retraction lever between the seats. Three pas- sengers are carried in the rear seat with the pilot and the “Russeloid”. RAND new Whitl- wind Stinson mon- oplane, equipped with full set of Pioneer instru- ments, with extra tanks for long distance flights. This plane is a duplicate of Brock and Schlee’s round-the-world machine and the SALE for Trans-Atlantic hop or passen- ger carrying. Address all commun- ications to Lewis G. Salomon, 1088 Park Ave., New York, N. Y. Stinson record-breaking endurance ship. This is offered at a very reason- able figure. It is suited April 16. 1928 fourth passenger in the front seat. A glass enclosed instru- rd layout manufactured by the Elgin Watch Co. is ment bi used. The experimental model of the Neptune was described in the Nov. 28, 1927, issue of Avratioy. The high speed of the experimental model is 95 m.p.h., eruising speed 85 m.p-h., and the landing speed 46 m.p.h. Further specifications of the Ireland Neptune amphibian are 0 be found in the Commercial Airplane and Seaplane Specifications Table. E. M. LAIRD AIRPLANE CO. Chicago, Il. In a display area covering 2500 sq. ft., this company is exhibiting one Laird biplane fitted as a landplane and an other fitted as a seaplane, each of which is powered with a single Wright Whirlwind engine. The Laird Whirlwind is ‘an open cockpit, three place single bay biplane of conventional yet very light construction. The fuselage is of duralumin tubing with steel sleeve fittings at each joint, and is wire braced with eable in front and hard wire behind the pilots’ seat, which is in the rear. The engine mount is_a machined steel ring held in place by tubes. The engine which is a Whirlwind with exhaust ring behind is well cowied, and there Fron! quarter view of the Laird biplane powered with a Wright Whirtwind. is one fuel tank behind the engine and another in the center section of the upper wing. The wings consist of laminated spruce spars with trussed ribs reinforced with plywood webs. The compression ribs are of solid spruce. No. 8 wire is used for internal bracing. There are no bolts running thi the spar. Arens control is used for ailerons and engine con trols. The weight empty of the Laird Whirlwind is 1500 Ib., and Ionded it weighs 2350 Ib. It has a top speed of 13 mph, a landing speed of 40 m.p.h., and climbs 10,000 ft. in 10 min., and has a range of 600 mi. ‘This plane was deseribed in de G issue of Aviation. Furth il in the July LOCKHEED AIRCRAFT CO. Los Angeles, Calif. of this exhibit is the showing of the Lockheed “Air Express” powered with a Pratt & Whitney Wasp engine. This company also makes the Lockheed “Vega” powered with a Wright Whirlwind. ‘The plane on exhibition is an internal- ly braced monoplane of wood construetion. The fuselage is of monocoque eonstruetion made by the process patented by The fuselage which is an almost per- amined shape is built in sections and glued tog e conerete mold under 150 tons pressure. The wi full cantilever design with two sprace box spars and ‘der type ribs. The covering is of plywood and the win; have been tested to 1400 1b. without injury. The split type landing gear is fitted with Lockheed brakes. The plane is of 4 closed eabin type and seats from four to seven people. The span is 41 ft., the length 25 ft., and the wing area ‘The feature Maleolin Loughhend. fect in a hu is of AVIATION 1085 +d for the 1 tinker with Is blow-toreh is especially mad ‘do odd jobs around the ho ae. Ie is very. substantially produces’ hot Teal antinfaction, Te will Inst a Ufetime if it i price fs ‘about five dollars, omnobile accestory stores. ha’ Look for the red handle. hardwar: or ean get it for you quickly We've put a red handle on it to be sure you get Clayton & Lambert Next trae you're in a hardware store or electrical shop, if hiappen to look over the linc-up of blow-torehes you'll see some. w red handles, ‘They're Clayton “& ‘Lambert torches. fo you could tell at a. glance © you can buy in a blow-torel We. put that you were getting dle doesn't_make it work any you can’t sce do that better. ‘The insides But the red handle tells you the insides It’s too bad you can't seo what @ lot of improvements yiade in blow-torches. Improvements, that Dura on) ast longer too. But. they're there, all Tijht And. they ch definitely better service that users have made Clayton & Lambert ‘the largest selling blow-torch in the world. Hero's an example. Th fteen-thousandths. of Uittle hole the alr comes out of seust inet in diameter. TE you ‘aprend that ma, might as well throw the torch away, for Antisfactoriiy “Clayton & Lambert devised way to. ‘make that hole couldn't be spread, but at the same time wheneve: lose, the hole you clean the carbon out of ita it can't. ‘That's one of the Clayton & others. about it a minute you' Daint, soldering splice Balok for the blow-iorch ‘with the ‘red handle, in the hardware oF slectrical store, Your money can't buy better, CLAYTON LAMBERT MFG. CO. Detroit, Michigan be surprised how often you do, for seraring or any number of jobs around the hangar

Page 80

1086 AVIATION April 16. 1928 275 sq. ft. Powered with a Wright Whirlwind the plane of the wing seating r i ; 2 of w seating four to six passengers and inclus\ve weighs 1650 Ib. empty, and 3200 Ib. loaded. Powered with a small tory. The cabin is fitted up with swive < & Wasp it weighs 1850 Ib. empty, and 3645 Ib. loaded. The chairs, el ights, triplex windows, baggage hol: aga: Whirlwind plane has a top speed of 135 m.p.h., and a land- zine racks, buffet rack and smoking equipment. One ..” the ing speed of 50 m.p.h., whereas the Wasp plane has a high most interesting features of the eabin arrangement is that,

FES “a Front quarter view of a Lockheed “Vega” powered with a Whirlwind speed of 165 m.p.h,, and a landing speed of 55 m.p.h. This plane was described in detail in the Oct. 22, 1927, issue of Aviation. Further specifications will be found in the Com- mercial Airplane and Seaplane Specification Table. LOENING AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING CORP. New York, N. ¥. The feature of this exhibit which covers 3,000 sq. ft. of floor space is the new Loening Cabin Amphibian, powered with a “Wasp” engine. This plane was developed directly from the Government OL-8 type of amphibian. The only material change is the modification for the cabin at the rear

due to the widening at the back of the pilot’s cockpit, here is obtained a direet forward visibility for the pas de. spite the fact that the plane is of the normal biplane “ype. The cabin is over 6 ft. long and 4 ft. wide, and has

The Loening Cabin Amphibian in flight. head room. It is upholstered in natural saddle leather trimmed with buffed cloth and a buff carpet, yet there is no wilful waste in weight or sacrifice of easy access for serviceability. The Pratt & Whitney Wasp engine is mounted at the nose with exactly the same installation as the Government OL-8 am-

HASKELITE at the All American Examine this superior blood albumen glue ply- HASKELITE booth wood at the April 14 to 21. planes. Prywoop —<HASKELITE PryMeETL Ai16-Gray

See it in use in all the leading You will then understand why practically every builder in the country uses HASKELITE, and why this material is specified for 95% of the plywood applications on American planes. HASKELITE MANUFACTURING CORP. 133 W. Washington St. Chicago, Illinois Aircraft Show in Detroit, California Panel & Veneer Company 955 S. Alameda St, Los Angeles, Calif. Railway & Power Engineering Corp.. Lid Montreal, Toronto, Winnipeg. New Glasgow

April 16, 1928

phibian, and drives a 9 ft., three bladed Standard Steel pro- peller «nd is installed with all the latest equipment, such as auton fire extinguisaer, oil strainer, electric inertia start- er and generator. ‘Another feature of the Loening Cabin Amphibian is the

mufler. A very large size manifold gives ample expansion space for the gases that collect in the exhaust and carries them over the top wing where they are delivered to the Ven- tura type mufller, which has been developed by the Loening engincers, This consists of a large single expansion and whirl-

ing chamber instead of smaller ones on each side. The wing structure is of the normal staggered biplane type. ‘The span is 45 ft., the chord 6 ft., and the wing area is 500 sq, ft. The wing section is the Loening 10-A type. The of the Loening Cabin Amphibian empty is 3400 Ib., weigh’

Side view of the Loening Cabin Amphibian powered with a “Wasp” engine. inclusive of the following equipment: muffler, heater, elec- trie inertia starter, generator, navigation lights, batteries, Stendard Steel propeller, complete cabin furnishings, triplex glass, lights, toilet, baggage holds, anchor and line of instru- ments including compass and turn indicator, double fuel pump system, fire extinguisher, wheel brakes (optional), ete. ‘The total weight of the plane in the air is 5,400 Ib. The fuel load is 140 gal. gasoline, 12 gal. of oil. The pay load is 1,200 lb. Further data regarding this plane will be found in the Com- Airplane and Seaplane Specification Table. The Leening Cabin Amphibian was described in detail in Avra ris. \pril 9, 1928. B. F. MAHONEY AIRCRAFT CO. St. Louis, Mo.

The exhibit of this company, manufacturer of the famous “ st. Louis”, covers 1,300 sq. ft. of floor space and is

atured by the showing for the first time of the 1928 “Brough- am”, ‘The plane is stated to have many structural improve- ments and refinements not found in the Brougham of last year, Included in these improvements are 32 x 6 tires, heavy

vheels and wheel brakes, streamlined Gruss Air Springs e of the old type elastic shock cords, and a large cabin operating from the exhaust stacks. The wheel brake wre run in special conduit from the wheels to the rud- als, are streamlined into the landing carriage and are in conjunction with the rudder. The plane on ex- a new type of tail skid. ‘The shock load on the tail = cushioned through rabber dises, thereby eliminating 1. shock cord. Larger tail surfaces and two full width ‘pe doors are other improvements on the plane. instruments are mounted on a dark panel board and air speed indicator, turn and bank indicator, compass, include AVIATION 1087 BSN TERuiNaLs iNco NATIONAL

COMBINING The Oldest Flying Service in the World and The Pioneer Airport Designers of America Offers Expert Advice in Site Selection Design Construction Management Our Advisory Board Consists of the following well known Pilots Art Goebel Floyd Bennett Bernt Balchen Bert Acosta C. 8. (Casey) Jones R. Depew M. M. Merrill Clay Ferguson ——

292 MADISON AVENUE NEW YORK CITY Onble Address, Natairway, ¥. ‘Telephone—Caledonin 7589.

Page 81

1088 AVIATION altimeter, tachometer, oil pressure and temperature gauges, gasoline gauges, dashlights, navigation light switches, and Lunkenheimer primer and choke. Below the board on a dark aluminum plate are the gasoline and oil line pet-cocks, and below these are brake pedals, cabin heater regulator, and Py- rene. The pilot's seat is adjustable up and down and swings back allowing immediate access. The windows on each side of the Side view of the new 1928 Brougham powered with a Wright Whirlwind. pilot are adjustable up and down, and forward is a windshield wiper. The cabin, which accommodates four passengers, is upholstered in velour with leather enshions and thick rugs. Oak trim windows slide open or closed and may be locked in any position from the inside. The baggage compartment is accessible while in flight and holds 150 Ib. of baggage. The silver finish of the Brougham has been retained and the alumi- num work is natural finish seroll with varnish April 16, 1928 The span of the plane on exhibit is 42 ft., the overall length 27 ft. 9 in, and the overall height 9 ft. 10 in. Empty the plane weighs 1,870 lb. and fully loaded 3,300 Ib. Tho top speed is 126 m.p.h., the landing speed 49 m.p.h., and the service ceiling 16,000 ft. Further specifications on this plane will be found in the landplane and seaplane specification table. MOHAWK AIRCRAFT CORP. Minneapolis, Minn. The exhibit of this company covers 1500 sq. ft. of floor space and is featured by the showing of the Mohawk “Pinto”, a two place (staggered seats) open cockpit, full cantilever, iow wing monoplane powered with an 80 hp. Anzani engine. The Side view of the Mohawk “Pinto” powered with an 80 hp. Anzani engine. fuselage is of welded steel tube construetion in the form of a Warren truss with no wire bracing. The wing which tapers in plan and chord is constructed of box spars, with two-ply mahogany bulkheads every 14 in. The spars are not paral- lel but converge toward the wing tip. The ribs are built up A shuttle air line from airports landing passengers right in the city on water IRELAND AIRCRAFT, TIN Ce; With airports, especially in large cities, often distant from the center of the town, the busi- ness of getting passengers in and out is a diffi cult problem. The new Ireland Amphibian meets this need with commercial efficiency. Seats 4 passengers and the pilot—open or closed cockpit. Powered with Wright Whirlwind J-5. Pay load of pounds. Hull and tail of molybdenum steel tubing we Hull covered with new Alclad non-corrosive sheet aluminum slloy. Top speed loaded 94 m.p.h.; landing speed 45 m.p-h. Take-off 30 seconds from water—12 seconds from land GARDEN CITY, NEW YORK April 16, 1928 of spruce cap strips and mahogany ply web. The ailerons are controlled by torque tubes. The landing gear is supported to the wing. The seating arrangement is such that the pilot is on the left and the passenger on the right and slightly to the rear. There is a baggage compartment behind the pilot. ‘The span of the Pinto is 30 ft. 6 in., the length 20 ft. 2 in., fhe height overall 6 ft. 3 in., and the wing area 124 sq. ft. Powered with an Air-Cat engine the plane weighs 700 Ib. and 1200 Ib. loaded. The top speed is 110 m.p.h., the cruising speed 90 m.p.h., and the landing speed 35 m.p.h. The former model of this plane was described in the Nov 21, 1927 issue of Avision and the changes incorporated in the Anzani model were deseribed in the March 26, 1928 issue of AVIATION. Further specifications will be found in the Commercial Landplane and Seaplane Specification Table. MONO AIRCRAFT, INC. Moline, Itt. This company which was formerly known as Central States Aero Corp. of Davenport, Iowa, is exhibiting three “Mono- coupes” in a display area of 1800 ft. One is powered with an Anzani engine, the other a Cirrus engine, and the third a Velie engine. ‘The Monocoupe is a two place closed cabin externally braced high wing monoplane fitted with side-by- side dual control. The fuselage is of welded steel tubing con- struction and the wings are of wood, rectangular in plan with rounded corners, spruce routed I spars and trussed ribs. Fabrie covering is used. The engine mount is of chrome molybdenum and the gasoline is carried in wing tanks. ‘The Velie engine, on display in the Monocoupe, is a new development by the Velie Motors Corp. of Moline, Il. It is a five cylinder radial, air-cooled engine rated at 70 hp. at 1800 r.p.m. However, it is stated by the manufacturer to de- velop 80 hp. at 2000 r.p.m. The engine is of conventional design with all accessories in the rear. It has five statie eyl- inders of nickel steel alloy with integral fins and serewed-on heads of aluminum alloy. Esch cylinder has one inlet and one exhaust valve seated on an aluminum bronze. Two AC Jugs per cylinder are provided. Dual ignition is fur- ny two five-cylinder Scintilla magnetos located behind nished Front quarter view Monocoupe fitted with a 70 hp. Velie engine. the engine mounted on the gear ease. This also carries the tachometer drive and oil pump. ‘The oil pump assembly con- ef two pumps, one supplying oil pressure to the engine nd the other for scavenging. rd equipment also includes a Zenith carburetor mounted below the engine and fitted with a mixture control. This is operated from the cockpit to insure good earburetion at all altitudes. The engine is designed to mount an Eelipse electric starter which, complete with battery, ddds only 40 1b. to the weight of the engine. The engine weighs 210 Ib. dry without hub or starter. Thus it weighs 2.63 Ib. per rated hp. The bore is 41% in. and stroke 334 in. The compression atio is 5.2 and displacement 250.6 cn. in. The Monoconpe span is 30 ft., the length 19 ft. 9 in., and AVIATION 1089 AIRCRAFT YEAR BOOK 1923 (Tenth of the Series) STORY of WORLD AERONAUTICS Published by The Aeronautical Chamber of Commerce 400 Pages—80 Illustrations—60 Pages Designs—Maps—Trade Index THE AIRCRAFT YEAR BOOK OF 1928, as in the past nine issues, tells the interesting story of the progress of commercial and military avia- tion in all its phases, throughout the world. HIGH LIGHTS IN THE YEAR'S REVIEW: Air Regulations Airports and Airways Civil Aeronautics in the Aeronautical Education Chronology Activities of the Industry Licensed Pilots Directory of Operators Aviation Committees of ‘Chambers of Commerce Airport Managers Trade Index Sport, “Aircraft Governmental Aeronautics P Epochal Flights of 1927 Foreign Review Technical Developments World and American Records INDISPENSIBLE FOR REFERENCE — $5.25 Postpaid — ‘There are a few remaining copies of seven editions of the Aircraft Year Book, (1919, 1920, 1922, 1924, 1925, 1926, i937) which Be furnished with orders for the ‘current issue, if desired, at $2.00 each or $10.00 for the seven vol umes, ‘postpaid. If all eight issues ‘are ordered, the price is: 315.60 ‘postpai AVIATION PUBLISHING CORPORATION 250 West 57th Street, New York

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1090 the wing area is 150 sq. ft. The top speed is 102 m.p.h, and the landing speed 48 m.p-h. This plane fitted with an Air- Cat engine was described in the Oct. 10, 1927, issue of Avt- ation. Further specifications on this plane will be found in the Commercial Landplane and Seaplane Specification Table. NATIONAL AIRWAYS SYSTEM Loma, Ill. In a display area of 1500 sq. ft. this company is exhibiting two of its standard type Air Kings, one powered with an OX-5 engine and the other with a 10 cylinder, 120 hp. Anzani engine. The Air King is a three place open cockpit, single bay biplane with the pilot seated in the rear. welded steel type construction. a steel frame and the radiator, whieh is horizontal, The fuselage is of The engine is mounted on is mount- Close up rear quarter view of an Air-King fitted with an OX-5 engine. AVIATION April 16, 1928 ed above the center section. The upper and lower wings on each side are interchangeable. The wing is made up of sprues box spars and spruce and ash ribs, except the tip which is of steel tubing. The plane is fitted with an adjustable stabi. lizer and there is a split type landing gear with rubber cord in tension. The span overall is 34 ft. 1 in, the length is 25 ft. 5 in. and the height 9 ft. According to the manufacturer the plane has a top speed of 103 m.p.h. and a landing speed of 35 mp.h. This plane was described in detail in the Sept, 12, 1927 issue of Aviation. Further specifications regarding the Air King will be found in the Commercial Airplane and Seaplane Table. Dr. Joha D. Reardon is in charge of the exhibit. NILES AIRCRAFT CORP. Niles, Mich. This company is exhibiting one plane known as the Wil- liams monoplane. It is a single place open cockpit job, pow- ered with 2 30 hp. Anzani engine. The wing which is set low is of fall cantilever wood construction. The spars are built up of spruce cap strips and mahogany plywood sides in the form of a box spar. The ribs are built up of spruce strips into a Warren truss with bireh plywood gussets at the joints. The drag bracing consists of welded steel tubes for compression struts with piano wire diagonal bracing. The airfoil used is a Gottingen 387. The fuselage which is rect- angular in shape is of welded steel tubing. No wire bracing is used as the entire structure is built up in the form of a Warren truss. One of the features of this plane is the tail skid which is a wheel mounted in the rudder and fitted with a brake. The wheel is of the wire type with a brake bani mounted at its rim. The landing gear is of the divided type with a compression member supported from the wing spar. In designing this plane considerable assistance was rendered Standardized All Metal SEAPLANE FLOATS EDO Aircraft Corporation, College Point, L.L, N. Y. April 16, 1928 by the senior aeronautical students at the University of De- troit. The model on exhibition is powered with a 30 hp. Anzani engine, but it is stated that future planes will be of two place side-by-side design, and will be powered with single 40-45 up. Szekely engines. ‘The span of the plane on exhibi- tion ix 26 ft., the length is 18 ft., and the wing area 108 sq. Front quarter view of the W a 30 hp. iams monoplane powered with Anzani. ft. According to the manufacturer the top speed is 85 m.p.h., and the landing speed 30 m.p-h. This plane was described in detail in the April 2, 1928, issue of Aviation. Further specifications will be found in the Commercial Airplane and Seaplane Specification Table. PITCAIRN AVIATION, Philadelphia, Pa. In a display area of 1000 sq. ft. of floor space this company is exhibiting the Piteairn Sport Mailwing, an open cockpit Jane powered with a Wright Whirlwind engine. The pas- senger cockpit is upholstered over plywood on all sides and can accommodate two passengers. The baggage compartment is built into the fuselage directly behind the pilots’ cockpit making the plane ideal for touring. ‘The fuselage longerons are of square section steel tubing to which are butt-welded all cross members and stays. The wings are of conventional construetion and are fabrie covered. The wing section whieh is Piteairn No. 1 is a general high performance sec- tion with charaeteristies eliminating the tendency to fall into INC. f the Pitcairn Mailwing powered with a Whirlwind. denly when in flight at minimum speed. The see- s of deep spars both front and rear. Ailerons are the lower wings only. Because of the wing tip and sation lights the wing structure is bonded through- erfeet electrical contact between all metal fittings. group is constructed throughout of welded steel square seetion tubing for the main hinged spar bilizer. The landing gear which is of the split axle extremely wide tread of 76 in., and is made of AVIATION 1091 T ransmitting Reciprocating Forces around Corners, Bends and Obstructions. . . Engine Control RENS PATENTED CONTROLS give a positive transmission of recipro- cating forces around obstructions, corners and bends. They provide a simple means whereby a force applied in one direction can be transmitted in any other desired direction. Their action is easy and with- out “backlash”. No maintenance is re- quired. Arens Patented Controls are adaptable for engine, aileron, and brake control; bomb and flare releases; and stabilizer ad- justment. They are equally effective for all purposes and are made in suitable sizes. Arens Patented Controls are used by Boeing on all mail planes including new twelve-passenger Trimotors (Wasp engine) ; Keystone on Army bombers; Curtiss on Curtiss Condor; Stinson on Pride of De- troit; E. M. Laird on Laird Commercial bi- planes; Ireland on Ireland Neptune. The Ireland Neptune and a Laird Commercial, both equipped with Arens Controls, will be at the All-American Aircraft Show. CHARLES A. ARENS Manufacturer of Arens Patented Control 6541 So. Winchester Ave., Chicago, TI. ARENS CONTROL ‘Peeal hest treated molybdenum and is Olly strom

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1092 Safer! —this new tie rod terminal mS} isit our booth at the All American Aircraft Show ' DETROIT, APRIL 14 to 21 and see the latest developments in tie rods and terminals. Tighten the lock nut on the Macwhyte terminal as much as you will—you cannot hurt the terminal or break the tie rod. Stronger, safer, better. Macwhyte Company, 29(8 Fourteenth Ave- nue, Kenosha, Wisconsin. 1 MACWHYTE Streamline and Round Tie Rods Patent Safe Lock Terminals U. S. Specifies Belden Shielded Wire on Curtiss Heavy Bombing Plane ELDEN Radio Shielded Wire assures reli- able radio reception on the“Condor”,the new high-speed heavy night- bombing plane of the U.S. Army Air Corps. On this latest achieve- ment Belden Wire is used for all power, starting, heating, lightimg and other low tension circuits, Write for descriptions of the Belden com- plete line of Airplane Wires and Cables. Belden Manufacturing Co.**s2sweemsy- ‘Conmlt Belden Engineers resards cially designed at Rerneases “either high “Belden Tow tension radeo shielded or unshielded. AVIATION With normal full load the plane has a high speed of 133 m.p.h., cruising speed of 112 m.p.h. and a landing speed of 50 .h. The gasoline capacity is 56 gal., which allows 5 cruising range of 500 mi. The overall span of the upper wing is 33 ft. the overall span of the lower wing is 30 ft The overall length is 21 ft. 10% in., and the height is 9 f, Farther specifications of this plane will be found in the Com. mercial Landplane and Seaplane Specification Tabla. PARAMOUNT AIRCRAFT CO. Saginaw, Mich. In a display area of 1,350 sq. ft. this company is exhibiting a closed eabin, four passenger biplane designed around a War. ner seven cylinder radial air-cooled engine of 110 hp. The designer of this plane is Walter J. Carr, former chief pilot of the Warner Aireraft Co. The plane is stated to have splen- did performance in the air and unobstructed view has been secured, as well as a very large passenger or earrying space ‘The plane on exhibit, which is a standard model, is upholstered and equipped with an Elgin unit control board, heater, ete 0 wicker chairs and one wicker settee give a comfortable seating arrangement. The span is 33 ft. J. E. Belise, prei- dent of the company, is in charge of the Paramount extibit. PHEASANT AIRCRAFT CORP. Memphis, Mo. ch covers 3000 sq. ft of OS ‘The exhibit of this company wh floor space is featured by the showing of the company model equipped with streamline wires. This plane is a thre place open cockpit job, and stress analysis has been approved by the Department of Commeree for the OX-5 and Anzati models. The fuselage is of welded steel tubing construction ‘The front cockpit which holds two has a door on one si Tubes are used for cross bracing in the form of n modifed Warren truss. The wing is of wood construction with route! spars and built up ribs. Solid compression struts are used The wings are fabric covered and the upper one is Clark Y ion, and the lower wing is Aeromarine section. The tal are of welded steel tube construction and are or Rear quarter view of the Pheasant biplane fitted with » OX-5 engine. ered with fabric. The stabilizer is adjustable from the et pit and all control surfaces except the rudder are conte by push rods. The span of the upper wing of the OX Pheasant is 31 ft. and the span of the lower wing is 9% ‘The length is 23 ft. 6 in., and the height is 9 ft. Empty e weighs 1297 Ib., and fully loaded it weighs 2082 6 plane fitted with an OX-5 engine was described in * t. 19, 1927 issue of Avrarros will be found in the Commercial Lat cations Table. F This tail in the Farther specifieatio plane and Seaplane SIKORSKY MFG. CO. Long Istand, N. ¥. As the plane being exhibited by able it being set up in C on display at the Detroit to e1 April 16, 19% April 16, 1928 pooth contains pictures of Sikorsky products and deseriptive literatare. ‘The plane at the Detroit Yacht Club is a Sikorsky amphib- ian, type $-36. It is a closed eabin model powered with two Wright Whirlwind engines, and resembles the Sikorsky am- phibian recently delivered to the Navy, and also those in ser- vice in South America. It has an outrigged tail supported by a boom from the upper wing and strats from the boat bull, The Sikorsky S-36 taxiing on the water. and it is fitted with a retractable landing gear and can be landed on land or water. The hull is of composite construc- tion, having a wood frame with metal fittings and metal cov- ering. The wing structure is duralumin covered with fabric. The upper wing which is much larger than the lower has a span of 70 ft. 6 in. The overall length is 34 ft., the high speed is 110 m.p.h. and the landing speed is 51 m.p.h. This plane was described in detail in the Sept. 5, 1927 issue of Avtarion. Further data will be found in the Commercial Landplane and Seaplane Specification Table. SIMPLEX AIRCRAFT CORP. Defiance, Ohio The exhibit of this company covers 2400 sq. ft. of floor space and consists of two models of Red Arrow monoplanes. One is a two place open cockpit job powered with a 100 hp. Kinner engine; the other a three place cabin powered with the same type of engine. Both planes are externally braced monoplanes with struts supported from a truss below the fuselage. This truss also supports the landing gear. The Side view of the Simplex closed cabin plane fitted with a 100 hp. Kinner engine. Wing is sct at the thrust line and is made of wood and fabric covered. The fuselage is of welded steel tubing, and dual side-by-side control is provided. In the three place model there is » third seat in the rear. The closed cabin model has doors on both sides. The tanks are behind the engine. Th2 span is 23 ft. 4 in., the overall length 20 ft., and the height is 6 ft. 10 in. Empty the plane weighs 759 Tb., and londed AVIATION STRONG LIGHT-WEIGHT HALL- ALUMINUM AIRCRAFT CORPORATION Successors to Airplane Business of CHARLES WARD HALL, INC. ALL-METAL AIRPLANES and SEAPLANES Standardized Drawn Sections and Stamped Parts 2050 ELMWOOD AVENUE BUFFALO, NEW YORK Contractors to U. S. Navy [PARAMOUNT Trouble-Proof Aluminum Tanks Are Used in ALL PROMINENT PLANES and by the following concerns: VoucHT SIKORSKY FAIRCHILD BELLANCA LOENING ‘TRAVEL AIR SWALLOW KIRKHAM because— Paramount chemical treatment process absolutely prevents corrosion around welded joints. Pay load is increased because aluminum tanks weigh a pound for each 234 gallons of capacity. All work under personal supervision of Mr. Billig, Pres. PARAMOUNT Welded Aluminum Products Corp. 40-42 South 8th St., Brooklyn, N. Y- Pontoons, cowls, and general sheet metal work in all materials

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1094 ANNOUNCING A New Aircraft Engine Approved by Dept. of Commerce On display at the ALL-AMERICAN AIRCRAFT SHOW +> WARNER AIRCRAFT Corporation DETROIT, MICHIGAN, U. S. A. FuEt GAGES “Triumph” Magnetic Aiwerakt Gases Will Register Accurately the amount Fuel on Hand Regardless of Tank Location. “Triumph”? Gages are Simple, Light, Strong, Neat, and Leak-Proof. Manufacturers of Liquid Lewel Gages for 25 Years “Let's get together” + THE BOSTON AUTO GAGE CO. PITTSFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS AVIATIO April 16, 19% April 16, 1928 it weighs 1500 Ib. The top speed is stated to be 130 mph, and the landing speed 40 m.p.h. Farther specific: these planes will be found in the Commereial Landplane ani Seaplane Specification Table. These planes were describe} in detail in the Mareh 20, 1928, issue of AvraTroN. STINSON SCHOOL OF AVIATION Detroit, Mich. The exhibit of this company covers 1500 sq. ft. of floor space and consists of miscellaneous literature, ete., that de. seribes the activities, aims, purposes, and policies of the Stin- son School of Aviation, also the plane known as the J.BS. “Aircoupe” which was designed by Jack B. Stinson for us: in connection with his school. The plane is a closed cabi: monoplane powered with a 90 hp. LeBond engine. It is ex trol is used. The tail surfaces are of steel tubing construction and the landing gear is of the split axle type, with Hayes wheels with brakes. The span of the plane is 35 ft., the length is 23 ft. 2 in, the height is 9 ft. 2¥ in, and the wing area is 207 sq. ft. Fitted with a Wright Whirlwind the weight loaded is 2,450 Ib. and fitted with a Ryan-Siemens it is 2,150 lb. The high .@ of the Wright Whirlwind model is 130 m.p.h., the land- ing specd 41 m.p-h., and the range in miles 621. In the case of the Kyan-Siemens model, the high speed is 110 m.p.h., the speed 38 m.p.h., and the range in miles 500. Further ns on this plane, model C-2B, will be found in the ane specification table. specific land plane and seap' STINSON AIRCRAFT CORP. Northville, Mich. This exhibit which covers 5,000 sq. ft. of floor space is featured by the showing of four Stinson-Detroiter planes. The planes being exhibited are a Standard Stinson-Detroiter mono- plane seating six passengers, a Stinson-Detroiter biplane seat- ing a pilot and four passengers, the Stinson monoplane, Pride of Detroit, which won the 1927 Ford Tour and was later wed by Brock and Schlee in their famous Newfoundland- Tokio flight, and a new three place cabin monoplane powered Front quarter view of the J.B.S. “Aircoupe” ternally braced with a steel tube fuselage and wing set above which is of wood with spruce spars. It is fitted with dual side-by-side control; also wheel brakes, electric starter, ad- justable stabilizer, steel tube controls and compression rubber shock absorber. The school course which is under Mr. Stin- son’s personal supervision and guidance consists briefly of 26 ground lessons and 30 lessons in the air. STEARMAN AIRCRAFT CO. Wichita, Kan. The exhibit of this company, covering 1,500 sq. ft. of floor space, is featured by the display of its standard Wright Whirlwind model, C-2B. Another model, C-2K, powered with a Ryan-Siemens engine, is at the Ford Airport for demonstes tion purposes. The plane on exhibit is a three place oper cockpit biplane, seating two people in front and « pilot in the'rear. The control is of the dual type but the front The Stinson-Detroiter monoplane in which Eddie Stinson and George Haldeman set a new endurance record of 53 hr. 36 min, 30 sec. with a seven eylinder 120 hp., Warner engine. This plane is known as the Stinson-Detroiter “Junior” Monoplane, and this is the first showing of the plane. The Standard Stinson monoplane being exhibited carries such standard equipment as Standard Steel propeller, side- byside controls, brakes, starter, heaters, baggage compart- ment, Oleo and spring landing gear and instruments. It is also equipped with toilet and washstand and is beautifully finished both inside and out. The Stinson-Detroiter mono- plane has a wing span of 45 ft. 10 in., weighs 1970 Ib. emp- ty, has a high speed of 128 m.p-h., and a cruising specd of 105 m.p.h. It may be operated either on wheels, pontoons, orskiis. It was a plane of this type that Eddie Stinson and George Haldeman used when they set a new world’s endurance fight record of 53 hr. 36 min. 30 sec. at Jacksonville, Fla., March 28-30. On a previous attempt at the record they took their plane off the ground with a useful load of 4250 Ib., which 4 to be a world’s record for planes equipped with 4 Wright Whirlwind engine. On the record breaking flight the plane carried 558 gal. of gasoline, 19 gal. of oil, etc., making tle total weight of the plane approximately 6,060 Ib. The Stinson-Detroiter Biplane which seats a pilot and four Passengers is identieal with other Stinson biplanes which have been in operation on the Northwest Airways between Chi- eago-St. Paul and Minneapolis where 800 mi. per day have been flows sinee October, 1926. This type of plane was used Side view of the Stearman biplane powered with a Wright Whirlwind. cockpit controls may be removed if necessary. The fuselage is of chrome molybdenum steel tubing, forming a modified Pratt truss. All Stearman models are the same aft of the fire wall regardless of engine installation. $ ‘The usual instruments are installed and also a Pioneer sit speed indieator and compass. A throttle is provided at exch side of the cockpit. The wings are of wood construction a have routed spruce I beams and built-up ribs. The leading Differential aileron com edge is reinforeed with sheet dural AVIATION 1095, Registered Trade Mark A Complete Range of AIRPLANE FINISHING MATERIALS Dope-proof paint, black, white, aluminum or grey; Clear nitrate and acetate dopes; Ti-two colored one-material dope; Pigmented nitrate dopes Flexible wing lacquer: Wood and metal lacquer (for inside and outside finish). sTITANINE, Inc. Union, Union County, New Jersey Contractors to the United States Government See the Fairchild Monoplane at Detroit LIBERTY 12 Motors & Parts An unusually large supply. For export and domestic use. The Vimalert Company, Ltd. 807 Garfield Ave. Jersey City, N. J.

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1096 At Your Service AERO SUPPLY MFG. CO., INC. Manufacturers and Distributors of | Airplane Accessories and Supplies | Call on us for anything We will help you COLLEGE POINT LJ ISL ¥e AVIATION For High or Low Compression Engines \ “ ? B. G. “HORNET” MICA SPARK PLUGS B. G. Hornet mica spark plugs have prov- en their absolute de- pendability in both high and low com pression engines. A set of 18 plugs weighs less than 33 ounces. The reproduction on the right is the exact size. The B. G. Corporation 136 West 52nd Street New York City Contractors to the U. S. Air Corps and Aircraft Engine Builders i. I April 16, 19% by Capt. George W. Wilkins in his explorations in the Ar. tic. The Stinson Junior is equipped with dual side-by-side controls, oleo and spring landing gear, starter, brakes, heat. ers, instruments and other features of the small quality ‘plane. It has a span of 41 ft. 4 in., a chord of 75 in., an overail length of 26 ft. 1 in., a height of 7 ft. 9 in., and = wing area of 23 sq. ft. The wing section is Clark Y; the wheels are 28 x 4 and the gasoline capacity is 40 gal. Empty the plane weighs 1410 Ib., and the useful load is 800 Ib. The high speed of the plane is stated to be 110 m.p.h., the cruising speed 95 m.p-b., and the landing speed 45 m.p.h. STOUT METAL AIRPLANE CO. (Division Ford Motor Co.) Dearborn, Mich. The Stout exhibit which takes up 8,000 sq. ft., of floor space is characterized by the strikingly contrasting types of monoplanes shown. Alongside Series 4-AT-17, the last tri engined all-metal monoplane to come off the Ford assembly line before the show opened, is placed an antiquated little Bleriot monoplane of the vintage of 1909. This plane is one of the recent additions to Henry Ford’s museum collection The Josephine Ford, the tri-engined Fokker monoplane in which Commander Byrd flew over the North Pole is also on display. The Bleriot plane which has a wing spread of only about 20 ft. takes one back to the days of the lattice-work fuselage and fragile wing construction. It is the only one of its series in the United States, and while not having been flown reeent- ly, it is complete and in flying condition. The main feature of the exhibit is the Ford Model 4-AT-17. This plane, which is the seventeenth tri-engined monoplane to be built by the Airplane Division of the Ford Company, a Front quarter view of the Ford-Stout all-metal monoplane Series 4-AT-17 (three Wright Whirlwinds). has been sold to the Standard Oil Co. of Calif., for use by the officials of that company on the Pacific Coast. It has eapacity of 10 to 12 passengers and is of the closed cabiz type. A new type of wicker chair with a high narrow back designed to give the maximum of passenger comfort is ix stalled in the plane. This chair permits a complete relaxation, the back being sufficiently high to provide a headrest. Its upholstered in bright colors with deep comfortable cushion. The plane which is typical of those produced today by th Ford Company has a wing spread of 74 ft., an overall lengtt of 49 ft. 10 in., and is powered with three Wright Whirlwind engines developing 215 hp. at 1,800 r.p.m. It has a hich speed of 114 m.p.h., and a cruising speed of from 95 to 1/0 mpb, with a ceiling of 14,000 ft. The useful load capacity is 4,00 Ib., while the weight of the plane empty is 6,000 Ib. Further specifications of this plane are contained in the Co:mmereisl Airplane and Seaplane Table. When this plane «ame of the assembly line the Airplane Division of the Ford Com pany doubled its production. During March the p:0ductio: rate was two complete planes per month. As this ovput ¥# not sufficient to keep pace with the rapidly accumu! sting ders, early this month the rate was changed to four « mpletel April 16, 1928 planes each month. Karly in March the plant began produc- ing ont fuselage each week at which time approximately 300 men were at work in the plant in two daily shifts. SWALLOW AIRPLANE MFG. CO. Wichita, Kan. ‘This company is exhibiting in 2,500 sq. ft. of floor space one stadard Swallow biplane fitted with an OX-5 engine, and another mounted on Hamilton pontoons. The standard Swallow is a three place open cockpit single bay biplane. The seating arrangement allows for two persons in the front eock- pit and one in the rear. The fuselage is of welded steel tub- ing eonstruetion and the wings are of wood, fabric covered, with streamline wire bracing and N type interplane strats. ‘The fairing for the pilot’s head is standard. The control is of the dual stick and rudder bar type, and the plane is fitted Front quarter view of the Swallow biplane fitted with an OX-5 engine. with an adjustable stabilizer. ‘The engine choke is located on the instrument board. A split type landing gear is used with rubber in tension for the shock absorbers. The plane has been issued Approved Type Certificate No. 21. The high speed of the land plane is 95 m-p.h. and the land- ing speed is 35 m.p.h. The span is 32 ft., the overall length %4 ft, and the overall height 8 ft. 6 in. Empty the plane weighs 1,400 Ib. and fully loaded 2,200 Ib. Further specifi- cations will be found in the land plane and seaplane specifi- ation table. A detailed description of this plane appeared in the April 5, 1926 issue of Aviation. TRAVEL AIR MANUFACTURING CO., INC. Wichita, Kan. This company which produced the “Woolarce” which won the Dole Derby last year is exhibiting two planes in a dis- Play area of 3200 sq. ft. One is a Travel Air poworec with Fromt quarter view of the Travel Air, Type 2000, powered with an OX-5 engine. 42 OX-5, This plane which is known as type 2000 is a stand- ard thre» place, open cockpit biplane. The high speed is 100 m.p.i., and the minimum speed is 42 m.p.h. The span 23 fs in., the height is 8 ft. 9 in. and the overall length The wing area is 296 sq. ft. and the wing AVIATION 1097 | Special Airplane Parts Milled from the bar of automatic screw machines. Alloy special steel or other material Heat-treated, rust proof or plated. Bu- reau of aircraft drawings and fications on file. {ul| The David Bell Co., Inc. 1555 Fillmore Avenue, Buffalo, N. ¥. Write today for this Booklet T tells of one of the CLEVELAND PNEUMATIC Toot Co. 3737 E. 78th St., Cleveland, Ohio AEROL**STRUT

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1098 for... Airports and Landing Fields Our 30 years of experience in supply- ing and advising with leading olf, Country and Polo Clube and our in- tensive study of the production and maintenance of the best turf fo: rious purposes, places us in a to give authentic and depe: formation in regard to sui for Airports and Landing Fields. We are glad co offer this knowledge to the aircraft industry. Landing Field came Sprmpp Gale 30-32 Barclay St., New York City Airport Formula We offer a formula, adapting it to par ticular soil and cli- matic conditions, consisting of a special combination of grass seeds that will pro- luce the proper tu: for Airports and Landing Fields. Fertilizers AVIATION LIFT THE DOT A dependable fastener for the needs of aviation. The “Lift the Dot” fas- tener, when snapped together, locks securely on three of its four sides. It opens easily by simply lifting the fourth side, the side with the “dot.” The original Carr “Lift the Dot” has a degree of security found in no other fastener. Send for Catalog and Samples CARR FASTENER CO. “A Fastener for Every Fastener Need” 31 Ames Street, Cambridge, Mass. April 16, 1928 section is Travel Air No. 1. The weight empty is 1335 Ib, and the gross weight fully loaded is 2180 Ib. The fuselage, tail surfaces, chassis, and struts are colored Travel Air blue, upholstery is Fabrikoid and w! ) Bx 4. The second plane being exhibited by this company is the standard Travel Air powered with a Siemens-Halske 125 hp. engine. This plane which is also a three place, open cockpit job, has a high speed of 115 m.p-h. and a minimum speed of 42 mph. ‘The other specifications are the same 2s type 2000. Complete specifications for both these planes will be Front quarter view of the Travel Air’ fitted with a 125 hp. Ryan-Siemens engine. found in the Commercial Airplane and Seaplane Table, and the engine specifications will be found in the Engine Specif- cations Table. This company also manufactures the well-known Travel Air mail plane, and also the standard Travel Air powered with either a Wright Whirlwind or a Fairchild Caminez engine. Walter Beech, president and general manager of the company! is in charge of the exhibit. TAYLOR BROTHERS AIRCRAFT CO. Rochester, N. ¥. This company, which was formerly the Arrowing Airplane Co., is exhibiting in 1,000 sq. ft. of floor space its plane known as the Taylor “Chummy”. It is a high wing mono- plane with two seats side-by-side and completely pr~tdcted from the wind by wind shields. The plane is designed for training and pleasure flying, and according to the officials of Front quarter view of the Taylor “Chummy” fitted with @ 90 hp. Ansani. the company the low landing speed, ease of maneuverability and lightness, also make it highly desirable as a eross-coun- try plane. The plane on exhibition is powered with » Ryan- Siemens engine. The first model made by this company was powered with an Anzani 90 hp. engine. Another difference between the two models is that the new production plane is equipped with a split type axle landing gear, whereas the Anzani model ¥s5 fitted with a rigid axle. The span of the new model is # ft, the length is 22 ft., the height is 7 ft. 9 in, and the wins area is 175 sq. ft. Empty the plane weighs 975 Ib. Tbe April 16, 1928 total weight is 1,475 Ib. The top speed is 110 m.p.h. Cruis- ing speed is 95 m.p.h., and landing speed is 40 m.p.h. Farther data regarding this plane will be found in the Commercial Landplane and Seaplane Specification Table. C. S. Taylor, president, is in charge of the exhibit CHANCE VOUGHT CORP. Long Island City, N. ¥. This company is exhibiting two of its latest high perfor- mance 2 place “Corsair” planes in a display area of 4500 sq. ft. One is fitted as a landplane and the other as a seaplane. The exhibit also contains models of Vought products and pho- tographs of Vought planes in action in various parts of the world. The landplane exhibited is a standard plane built for Asst. Secy. of the Navy for Aeronautics Edward P. Warner, and is to be used by him in all of his official trips throughout the country. It is finished in an effective color combination of navy blue and silver. The side fuel tanks are polished The Vought “Corsair” (Wasp) fitted as a land plane. as are also the landing gear wheels and other portions of the It contains standard dual control with the rear stick being removable, and flying instruments that are ied in both cockpits. The rear cockpit is fitted with a writing desk and map eases, ete. The seaplane Corsair on exhibition has been assigned to the Burean of Acronauties, Navy Department. It embodies the same features of finish and equipment as the landplane. All Corsairs are of the convertible type being quickly changed from landplane to seaplar ble landing gear cowling, ete, Side view of the Vought “Corsair” fitted ax a seaplane.” The Corsair seaplane on exhibition, as well as all standard Produetion type Corsairs, is equipped with an especially de- Signed all-metal float type landing gear built entirely of dura- lamin. This float type landing gear and the entire plane is for eatapulting. Both of the planes on exhibition me of the type which holds four world seaplane records for altitude and speed. After the Show the two planes are to be AVIATION 1099 “For Safety in the Air, — Everywhere’ No detail of the IRVING AIR CHUTE has beon left merely to theory, Gf comparative tests. Used by all Air Forces of the United States, Great Britain and 27 other Governments, OVER 100 LIVES SAVED IN EMERGENCY. OVER 8,000 SUCCESSFUL “LIVE” DROPS. OVER 30,000 SUCCESSFUL TEST DROPS. Illustrated literature on request IRVING AIR CHUTE COMPANY, Inc. 372 Pearl Street Buffalo, N. Y. Cable Address: “Irvin Buffalo, N.Y. U.S. A.” “IBECO” Aerotogs for Summer and Winter Flying SPECIALLY constructed for use in open ships. Smart uniforms for cabin ship operators and appropriate clothing for the ground men. Helmets...Gauntlets Write for Catalog No. AV2 [nunc Bros.Fverarp (. Kalamazoo Uniform Co. KALAMAZOO, MICH.

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SCINTILLA Magnetos ‘The recognized best among leading manufacturers throughout the world, their quality is too well known to require further description. We carry ‘© complete stock, and can make immediate ship- ment. Order direct from this ad. Tyee A. G.-8-D For . r Type A. G.-8-D For Hispano-Suiza, $95.00 ‘and. Curtiss OXX6 engines ae Tape A. G-9-D For Wright Whirlwind, Radial ‘motors, Frefinite prices on parts have not yet been estad- Uehed —parte ‘prices wil be quoted upon request. NICHOLAS-BEAZLEY AIRPLANE CO., Inc. ‘220 No. English St, Marshall, Mo. OX5 ENGINE MANUALS 250 AVIATION GRUSS AERO STRUT Shock Absorbers Always in the AIR Yet on the GROUND A 10 inch air cushioned range of deflection absorbs all landing shock and also eliminates all jar when taxiing. A positive hydraulic check governi recoil. These features make landing soft and short and insure Protection te all party of the ship. Safety, Economy and Efficiency Manufactured by GRUSS AIR SPRING CO. of AMERICA San Francisco, California Full information upon request Approved by Department of Commerce April 16, 1928 set up at the Ford Airport and delivered to the Navy there for flight to the Naval Air Station at Washington, D. C. The exhibit is in charge of Temple M. Joyce, manager of sales and service, Chance Vought, president of the company, is also in Detroit during the Show as well as C. J. McCarthy, engineering executive, and Paul Becker, assistant io Mr, Vought. WALLACE AIRCRAFT CO. Chicago, I. The exhibit of this company covers 1200 sq. ft. of floor space and is featured by the showing of a new two place eabin sport plane known as the “Touroplane”. This plane which is a high wing braced monoplane is powered with an 80 hp. Anzani engine; the plane can be made a three place job. ‘The plane has two front seats side-by-side enabling dual control with only one control stick midway between them. In the case of a three place job a third seat is placed betweea and to the rear of the front seats. Plenty of baggage space is available. The cabin is richly upholstered in velour and allows for ample leg and head room. The cabin of the plane on exhibition is 36 in. wide but in future Touroplanes the cabin will be made 42 in. wide. A steel firewall separates the cabin from the engine. The roof of the cabin is the center see- Side view of the Wallace “Touroplane” fitted with an 80 hp. Ansani engine. tion of the wing. The windows are of safety glass and a door is provided on each side. The windows of the Touroplane may be folded back. They are otherwise of a conventional construc- tion with solid spruce spars and Warren truss ribs. Sper material is from Posey, and Flightex fabric is used. The brace struts are streamline steel tubing. The fuselage is constructed of welded steel tabing and is of Pratt truss structure with no wires. The turtle deck is built of spruce strips and the engine mount is detachable Control surfaces are of steel tubular construstion and the rudder and elevator are intrechangeable. Arens control it used for the adjustable stabilizer and all other controls are of the bellerank type actuated by steel tubes. Dual poisl rudder control is provided. The overall length of the Touro- plane is 23 ft. 6 in. The wing span is 37 ft. the overall height is 7 ft. 6 in, and the chord is 5 ft. 10 in. The total wing area including ailerons is 205 sq. ft. The weight empty wit the 80 hp. Anzani engine is 850 Ib. The useful load is 65 Ib., and the gross weight loaded is 1500 Ib. According to the manufacturer the high speed of the Touroplane is 95 mp-b, the landing speed 40 m.p.h., the cruising speed is 80 mph and service ceiling is 11,000 ft. ‘The equipment of the Toure- plane includes Hartzell walnut propeller, hydraulic compres sion shock absorbers, dual Arens control with sticl eable and push rods, navigation lights, and an Elgin unit instrament board, consisting of an Elgin tachometer, altimeter, oil pre sure gauge, oil thermometer, gasoline gauge, dual switch snd choke, ete. Further specifications of the Wallace Touroplae will be found in the Commercial Landplane and Sesplam Specification Table. April 16, 1928 * Side Slips _ By ROBERT R. OSBORN ‘The Intrepid Aviator was in to see us again, after being away for a long while. He said that it had come as a com- plete surprise to him that the endurance record for airplanes had been brought back to this country again, as he had thought that all of the newspaper headlines about the Haldeman-Stin- son partnership were referring to another companionate mar- riage. In the rules and regulations for the All-American Aircraft Show we find a note to the effect that “No crates will be al- lowed to remain in any space during the show”. This is just another example of the great strides being made in aeronan- ties recently. Not very many years ago a rule like that would have kept nearly all of the existing airplanes from being ex- hibited. Congress is now considering a bill which would provide a governmental contribution of $300 to the International So- ciety for the Exploration of the Arctic Region by Means of the Airship. We'll bet that the bill passes without any sort of debate. There are plenty of long-winded spellbinders in both House and Senate, but it would take a pair of them, working in relays, to make a really dramatic speech about any organization with a name like that. This society was featured in the news a while ago, and we irquired at the time as to what sort of a title would be given its president. Congress might do well to get this point settled before making any contributions to their treasury. If the society ever makes any meritorious additions to our scientific knowledge of the Arctic regions with their explorations, their president might have to be awarded a very expensive over- size medal, or possibly a series of six or seven medals, in order to get spaee for all of the engraving. The news reports that when the question “Would you mar- ry Lindbergh if you had a chance?” was given to a hundred and fifty girls at the University of Missouri, only twenty- nine said “Yes”. The reporter neglected to state whether the other hundred and twenty-one said “You bet I would” or *T should say so.” A German designer has recently arrived in this country with the announcement that he will establish a factory here Patterned after his German factory, to make a small air- plane of the “flivver” type. His practice in the past has been to employ no one in any capacity in his plant who can- not pilot an airplane. Possible future advertisements in Avrarion— “Experienced stenographer desires position. Four hours on Jennies, 3000 hours on Remingtons and 2500 hours on Underwoods. Holder of Chewing Gum Endurance Record 1926. Expert on air-cooling undesirable visitors to office.” Recently in Vienna a hotel proprietor has been having beer delivered to his hotel from airplanes, eneh keg having a para- chute attached and being dropped over the side. Such a scheme might work over here for the delivery of beer, but it wontd be a too heart-breaking assignment to ask a pilot to ri dropping any other liquid refreshments with only a Pamelinte for proteetion. AVIATION 1028 CHALLENGER — oxs 'HE Challenger early won approval because of its exceptional performance, sturdy construction, amd the easy accessibility of all parts requiring inspection or servicing. The 1928 Challenger, incorporating numerous refinements that give it improved performance and appearance, will be on display at the All-American Aircraft Show. Approved Type Certificate No. 19 Price $3100.00 at Factory. Complete less engine, $2400.00. Allll prices subject to change. KREIDER - REISNER AIRCRAFT CO. 1s rated HAGERSTOWN ‘ncorpo: MARYLAND The Aeroplane Published Weekly Picadilly, 175 London, W.1., England Grey CHARLES Editor Subscription Rates for U.S.A. 1 year—$8.50

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2102 Richard | Wall ing, popular screen star and aviation fan wearing a Scully Helmet. SCULLY Air Mail Helmets Designed and perfected after many tests by air mail pilots Made from Finest Imported Leathers SCULLY BROS., Inc., 725 E. Washington St., Los Angeles, Cal Manufacturers and Distributors for the West NICHOLAS-BEAZLEY AIRPLANE CO. Marshall, Mo. Distributors for the United States from Denver East. Completely Equipped with Maryland Metal Buildings PHILADELPHIA Munici- pal Airport is completely equipped with Maryland Metal Buildings that have been furnished and erected by the Airport Equipment eerie soo Divwn Machine Shop The Airport Equipment ‘tor = 100" Division is prepared to ren- Photographie room der a complete building ser- Woodworking shop vice to the airport operator, the private plane owner and Dope house Club Rowse the manufacturer of aireraft. Airport Equipment Division of THE MARYLAND METAL BUILDING COMPANY 716 Pennsylvania Building, Philadelphia, Pa. Two hangars each 70" s00° AVIATION April 16, 1928 FOREIGN NEWS By Special Arrangement with the Transportation Division Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce To Make Aerial Surveys in India Acrial surveys are to be undertaken by the British Indian Governments of Bengal and Bihar-Orissa, according to Vice Consul Richard R. Willey at Calcutta. A coastal plain sur. vey is to be made in Bihar-Orissa in connection with the in- quiry into the prevention of floods, while air data will be gathered in Bengal to be used in the study of a settlement scheme in the Malda district. ‘The coastal survey flights, to be made from a base at Cut- tack, will cover a distance of 164 mi. with extensions inland at the mouths of the Dhemra and Devi Rivers. The Bengal headquarters will be at Mathurapur. Some 7,000 photographs on the scale of 8 in. to a mile are to be taken. The total area to be surveyed is 1,600 sq. mi. Prizes Offered to Keep France in Lead To maintain France’s leading position in aviation, the French Government is offering 1,000,000 franes (approxi- mately $40,000) in prizes to French pilots breaking air re- cords, the Minister of Commerce, Maurice Bokanowski, has announeed. These prizes will apply for new distance, speed, weight carrying, and altitude marks made in either land or seaplanes. Independent of the Government offer, there are many prizes open for a trans-Atlantic flight. Among these is a hand- some trophy and cash nward posted by Le Matin, a French newspaper, for the first ali-French Paris-New York flight. France Plans Plane and Glider Contests With the aid of the Government’s Direction Generale de VAeronautique, two international contests, one for gliders and the other for light planes, will be organized this year in Frances b the French Aerial Association. (Association Francaise Acrienne A further indication of European interest in light and engineless planes is shown by these contests, in which prizes will total at least $4,000 for the glider competition and $6,000 in the light plane meet Friedrichshafen to Have Great Airport Work on a lerge new airport, whieh it is expected will as- sume international importance, is to begin on or about July 1 at Friederichshafen, Lake Constance, Germany, it has been announced. It is expected that the new field will be ready to care for traffic by the summer of 1929, the building of # new hangar and the installation of a drainage system neces- sitating some nine months of work. The cost of the undertaking is to be shared by the German Government, the ‘State of Wurttemberg, the City of Freid- richshafen, and the Dornier Metal Works. Invents Airplane Engine Silencer An appliance designed to silence airplane engines has been invented by an Oslo, Norway, engineer, according to reports The apparatus was tried on a 120 hp. engine, and reports of the experiment claimed that the device reduced 1400 xp by but 20 r.p.m., or 1 per cent. of the total power. The appliance, which is built upon the vacuum principle, is attached to the exhaust manifold of the engine. It con sists of a streamlined sheet metal drum into which the ex haust pipes are led. It weighs less than 22 Ib. and is said to be fireproof. April 16, 1928 London-Cannes Passenger Line Opens Daily passenger air service was recently inaugurated by the Air Union Co. between London and Cannes, France. The leave the English eapital at 6 A.M., reach Paris at plane 5:30 AM, Lyons at 1 P.M, and Marseilles at 3:15 P.M. Here passengers change planes and continue to Cannes, ar- riving at 5 P.M. The fare from London to Cannes is about $64 French Aero Insurance to be Compulsory Frerich Chamber of Deputies members recently approved an act calling for compulsory accident and life insurance for both military and civil aviators in France. The ruling, ex- pected to be effective soon, will call for indemnities for death or total disability ranging from $4000 for officers down to $1000 for enlisted men. A seale for civilian pilots will also be arranged. To Introduce German Gliders in U. S. ‘The Rhoen-Rossitten Co. of Germany announced recently that it would accept the invitation of the American Motorless Aviation Club and send an expedition of gliders to this coun- try. The group, composed of Cavalry Captain Roehrer, Dr. George Laubenthal, and Herr Hesselbach of the Academi Fliers Association of Darmstadt, will leave for America late in April. To Open Russo-Afghan Service Russia and Afghanistan have drawn up an aerial agree- ment, it is reported, calling for service between Taskhkent, in the former country, and Kabul, Afghanistan. According to the agreement, two planes will be used each of which is to make fortnightly trips between the two cities, First Canadian Whirlwind Manufactured The Canadian Wright, Ltd., Montreal, Can., a subsidiary of the Wright Aeronautical Corp. of America, has completed its first Wright Whirlwind engine—the first to be assembled in Canada. These engines will be used by the Patricia Air- ways, Ltd., and the Canadian Western Airways at Winnipeg. In The Antipodes | Australian Aerial Services, Ltd., operates this airport at Melbourne, Australia, Hangars face both the field and the river in the rear, which provides a seaplane base. AVIATION 1103 Welding Equipment for Aircraft Spith’s Now 3 Wri, yg TPE SMITH Welding Equipment 2 tight, asl: Corporation is the exclusive manu- pecially ‘suited for facturer of oxy-acetylene welding and Shrovalt “"eclding, cutting apparatus. A complete line of aaa equipment for every kind of aircraft welding is available, whether for airplane construction, repair, or maintenance. Smith Welding equipment is used in the construction of Travel Air, Douglas, Cessua, Air King, Kreider-Reisner, and other planes, and many repair shops. Distributors of Smith Welding products are to be found in practically every im- portant city in the United States, Canada and Mexico. Write for SMITH Compete Welding Equipment Corporation bari 2619-33 Fourth St., S. E.. Minneapolis, M: Wight metal parts PERRY-AUSTEN Acetate P E Clear Nitrate I ) ( ) S Pigmentec Used by © Aruaeric Amcnarr Bum Amenarr Co. | Cmaxce Vovent Corr. | Cunriss AznorLanz | ‘Moron Cone. | The Lasting Undercoat Coxsomparen Amcrart || Dovarass Comraxy | Oumex 1. Manrne Co, Horr DaLaxp Dusvens Perry-Austen Clear Acetate Dope, aS Jomxsox Aincnarr LoxNING Aznonauricat Prrcamx AVIATION U. 8. Amny U.S. Nave U.S. Post Orrice INDERCOATS | THE BEST FINISH { Perry-Austen Clear Acetate ee ee OVERCOATS ‘Arn ‘Tuaxsront tures | Perry-Austen Pigmented Fomiox Govemssceyrs Dopes Axp Mary Ormers PERRY-AUSTEN MFG. CO. STATEN ISLAND, N. Y. Contractors to United States Government

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AVIATION Detroit, Mich. By John T. Nevill Flying 900 mi. in 10 hr., Rodney H. Jackson, Michigan distributor for the Swallow Airplane Mfg. Co. of Wichita, Kan., returned to Detroit recently with the Swallow biplane purchased by the Detroit Air Yacht Club, of which Jackson is secretary. The flight from Wichita to Detroit, vis an overnight stop at Marshall, Mo., is said to have set a com- mendable record for a plane powered with an OX-5 engine. Jack Workman, of the Michigan State Aviation School, ac- companied Jackson in another new Swallow, the property of Howard Hartung, partner of Pat Touhey, in operation »f the Packard Flying Service, now affiliated with the Michigan State Aviation School. Both planes will be housed at Pac- kard Field. Miekey De Burger, holder of the world’s record for the greatest number of parachute jumps in one month will at tempt to beat the present delayed drop record during the All-American Aircraft Show. The jump will be made over Packard Field. In July 1925 De Burger jumped 93 times. Having jumped, in all, more than 900 times he will try to beat the record of Joe Crane, who dropped 4,200 ft. in January 1926 at Miami, Fla., before opening his ‘chute. William B. Mayo, chief engineer of the Ford Motor Co., took off recently in a Ford tri-engined plane for the West Coast on a business trip. The plane is one recently purchased by J. L. Maddux, head of the newly organized Maddux Air Lines, Ine. Delivery of a new Waco biplane was made to Fred Stone, stage star, while he was filling an engagement here recently. Stone, who plans to use the plane in his theatrical tour, kept it at Ford Airport during his stay here. Louis G. Meister, sales manager of the Buhl Aircraft Co., recently announced the appointment of Bob Blair, veteran Arsry and mail pilot of Los Angeles, as California distribu- tor for the Buhl Airsedan. Following the appointment, Blair left for California with a new plane, which he plans to use in demonstrations. Prof. Peter Altman, of the University of Detroit, addressed the Detroit Flying Club recently on “Advanced Aerodynam- “es and the Theory of Flight.” Another speaker was O. M. Butler, hesd of the Department >f Commerce Detroit office, who spoke before the Harvarl wb om aviation and the All-American Aircraft Show. Portland, Ore. By John W. Anderson The Caseadian, tri-engined Bach cabin monoplane, now in passenger service between Portland and San Francisco, hax been entered in the non-stop transport plane race between San Francisco and Los Angeles scheduled for April 15, ac- cording to Charles V. Eakin, president of the West Const Air Transport Co., owner of the plane. On its maiden trip the Caseadian went from Los Angeles to San Franciseo in exaetly three hours, said to be a record for any but a single place plane. Work on construction of a three-unit hangar for the big ‘West Const planes has been started on the Port of Portland Airport. The building will be 145 ft. long and 45 ft. wide. It will contain shops as well as room for the planes. Tt is being built of corrugated iron. A 1000 gal. gasoline tank and and electric pump are being installed. These will be ave lable for servicing planes of other companies on the field, Mr. Eakin said. Other development work on the field is progres. sing rapidly and companies expect to move to it soo1 William Pickens of New York City, field secretary for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored Peo- ple, filled a speaking engagement in Portland the night after he ‘spoke in Oakland, Calif., recently. The long jump be- tween engagements on successive nights was made possible by taking passage on a Pacific Air Transport mail plane. H. R. Reeves, representative of the Kinner Airplane and Motor Co. of Glendale, Calif., visited Portland recently, look- ing over the ground with a view to possible Jocation of a branch factory here. J. 0. York, piloting 2 York monoplane of his own manu- facture and design, stopped at Rankin Field here recently on his way from Santa Monica, Calif, to Aberdeen, Wash, where he is establishing his factory. James C. Rinehart, 19 yr. old licensed pilot, bas bought back the old Jennie that he reconstructed three years ago from parts of various planes. Two years ago Jimmy sold the plane and bought a new Travel Air which he flow oat from the Wichita, Kan., factory. He went to Long Bench, Wash., recently and brought it back to Portland with him. Philadelphia, Pa. Charles Townsend Ludington, president of the Ludington Philadelphia Flying Service and of the B.B.T. Corp of Am- erica, airport lighting specialists, has returned to Philadelphia from three months’ vacation in the South. A new plane ordered for his personal use has arrived at the airport. It Violators of air regulations must beware of Edward Clarke. He is Philadelphia’s first flying policeman. is a Waco 10 with a Siemens-Halske engine. Hewitt, manager of ficld operations’ at the airport, plane from Troy, O., making the 480 mi. hop in 4h He was accompanied by R. J. Phillips, shop sup Eleven new members were admitted to the Aero (lab of Aprit 16, 1928 Philadelphia at a recent meeting and have been assigned to the second squadron under command of Capt. George Jack- son. J. Wesley Smith, president of the Philadelphia Air Transport Co., addressed the elub on “Theory of Flight” and Lieut. S. A. Latham spoke on “Tail Spins”. The club’s Heath Parasol plane, recently ordered, has been shipped from the factory at Chicago and is expected here soon. Th: Ludington company’s Fairchild cabin monoplane has been «quipped with a new landing gear at the Fairchild fac- tory | Farmingdale, L. I., and flown to the Philadelphia Airport by R. J. (Jack) Bartow, assistant manager of field operations for the Ludington Philadelphia Flying Service. He wns aecompanied by O. L. Davis, who recently started work xt the Philadelphia Airport as sales representative for the Ludington company. Lincoln, Neb. By Duncan Price The Boeing Airplane Co. of Seattle, one of the largest air transport organizations in the United States, has an- nounced that there was a possibility of a change being made mm its trans-eontinental air routes in order that Lin i ii ler that Lincoln might present mail route from Omaha ineludes veseo, Valparaiso, Central City, and Grand Island, The proposed changes mean that the route would extend south oe Gretna, coming through Lineoln, Seward, York, Aurora, and Grand Island. Officials of the Boeing company said "there is no differences in miles in making the change, : William P. MacCracken of the air division, Washington, D. C., already has assured his cooperation in movil ‘the beacon lights over the prop. re i arg vegan Uights over the proposed route, provided Lincoli fur- Fifteen thousand dollars’ worth of improvements will be made on Grand Island’s landing field within a few months. Specifications for the improvements are now being made. The local American Legion post has secured an option on * quarter section of land near the city for use as an airport There is only one hazard, a cable strung on the east cide, and that can be eliminated by lowering the poles. Now used for ordinary farming purposes, the land could be converted into an airport with very little work. The option expires Jaly he ion is inj tablishment of an airport = |" movement for the es- Whirring engines in the air kept him an ‘is wife sleeping, ‘frightened his chickens to death mate aie om stingy, annoyed his horses, Emil Glatt contended in his suit against the Standard Aireraft Co. in district court here. He asked $10,000 damages and an injunction to prevent planes from flying low over his farm. The court took the case under adviser i i piensa The aircraft company’s flying field adjoins Dallas, Tex. By Rorie E. Cowden Love Field, a 167 acre tract, improved and maintained as 8 training field by the government during the war, has bees Purchased by the City of Dallas as a municipal airport. ‘The sity has had the field under lease for several years. The consideration was $325,000. Present plans call for an ex. Penditure of $75,000 for immediate improvements. The field § equipped with 11 hangars, most of which are privately owned. Tt is expected that the city will e: i ‘ city will erect a I ni- ‘inal Hongar and club house iv aes cabin, George W. Hopkins, piloting a Stinson-Detroiter onoplane, carrying four passengers, landed at Love Pisa cently. The passengers were Richard J. Wall, To- © Tog. zesentative of the National Safety Couneil; John the Roa Of the Universal Press; W. G. Fisk, engineer for “Tio Corp. of America, and Capt. H. Gordon Smith, AVIATION 1105 Austin Designs and Builds Aviation Buildings AUSTIN designs, constructs and equips eficient hangars, factory buildi ther eeructures at low cose? unas and Austin guarantees total cost, completion date and quality o1 materials and workmanship. Austin will also deliver steel and other es sential materials for erection by a local builder 2¢ a decided saving in time, worry and expense. Representative companies from coast to coast have used Austin building vervice- ‘Atk for epproxtmate cost and folder, Austin Bald for Auta THE AUSTIN COMPANY Se. Derrole Assia ‘The Austin Company of Californias Loo AEROTECH, INC. An organization of experienced aeronautical engineers. Stress analysis for approved type certificates, airplane design, specifications, performance analysis, inspection. Complete testing facilities. Confidential worl. MOLINE, ILL. aE ea The Weekly Issue of AVIATION That You Miss because you are not a regular subscriber, may contain the arti new sory picture or mivertnement which You could eve seed pier If you are a service or a civilian flier, AVIATION i indispensable adjunct to your calling. because in each weekly iteue it publishes more service and commercial fyit news than in any monthly; and, more appears im AVIATION. _ AVIATION Te, Olt Ameen a

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1106 AVIATIO Aircraft Manufacturers & Dealers 'E. own and offer for sale for immediate delivery a large stock of 150 H.P. and 300 H.P. Wright Hispano-Suiza motors and parts. Don’t neglect the op- portunity. Write or wire for prices. State quantity desired. Southland Jobbing House Norfolk, Va. in GOLD For a Name $100.00 the beet name for a,new be cons ‘devoted to the interests of Keeping Abreast of aeronautical activities is possible only by reading AVIATION each week. Yearly subscription rates: United States $4; Canada $5; Foreign $6. AVIATION 250 W 57TH ST. NEW YORK CITY April 16, 1928 of the New York American. The plane was equipped with a 100 watt, standard commercial, combined telephone and telegraph radio transmitter. A coast-to-coast trip, sponsored by the New York American, is being made to determine the possibilities of the new type equipment. ‘April 21 and 22 have been designated in Dallas as “Aviation Day” and will be observed at Love Field with air races, ex- hibition flying, and a free-for-all race. ‘The two radio antennae towers which have been hazards to aviators operating at Love Field for some time, are to be dismantled following experiments with a new type of send- ing apparatus. The new type equipment will be installed as soon as possible and requires only a short antennae which can be stretched along the comb of the hangar. Operators who will attend the reserve officers summer training camp at Love Field this y receive instructions on the opera- tion of the new equipment. Eighteen states are represented in the student body of the Dallas Aviation School. L. A. Winship, president of the school, reports 42 enrollments during the past eight weeks, Lincoln-Page and Swallow planes are used for advanced training. Howard Woodall of Travel Airways, state distributor of the Travel Air, reports business on the increase in cvery branch. A large number of students are enrolling for spring training. Business men are beginning to realize the conven- jence of air travel and are keeping their cross-country pilots busy large part of the time. Waterloo, Ia. The Waterloo Airport Corp., formed here last fall by the city’s leading business men, has purchased 120 acres of well- drained land in the shape of an “L” lying three miles due east of the city. This field affords a take off in six directions with a 2,600 ft. run available. The new field has been equipped with a regulation beacon mounted on a 50 ft. steel tower, boundary lights, and red lights on all obstructions. There are four floodlights to illuminate the field at night. A tile hangar 74 ft. by 100 ft. was completed last fall, a work shop and office adjoining it. The Hawkeye Air Transport, Inc., was organized late in 1927 also, This compary has leased the field and will use it for commercial flying purposes. The officers are C. A. Mor- ris, president; W. F. Marshall, vice president; and A. B. Chambers, secretary. ‘John W. Cable will have charge of the Hawkeye company’s flying, having been recently selected for this capacity. Cable has been operating a field of his own for the past two years During the winter, the Hawkeye company took the Travel Air representation for the state. At present two Travel Airs are being flown, while a four or six place plane is to be purchased in the near future, it is said. M. F. Marshall has flown sufficient hours to take his Trans- port Pilot's License examination. Marshall took much of his training last spring. Hawkeye Air Transport officials were recently given a de- monstration of the Fairchild plane, one being flown in from Moline, Tll., by B. K. “Rusty” Campbell. : The City of Waterloo and the two companies invite all pilots and airmen to visit the field. Charleston, W. Va. The Aero Club of Charleston, formed in October 1927, has been enjoying rapid expansion during the last few months ‘The total membership is now 43, and it is expected some five hundred will belong before the fiscal year ends. ‘The club’s flying field here is located six miles from the city midway between Charleston and Dunbar. Work on the field is now nearing completion, the construction of t? April 16, 1928 hangars and a elub house being under way. Gasoline and oil will be available to visiting airmen, and the luv. ustends the use of the field to the city as a commercial airport. ‘The field, which is marked, may be located from the air by its adjacency to Lock No. 6 on the Kanawha River. The pre- vailing winds are westerly, the field is 3,000 #t. long and 300 ft. wide. ‘Trustees of the Aero Club of Charleston are ex-service men, some of whom were connected with the air service. The club officers are James J. Cabot, president, son of Geoffrey L. Ca- bot, one of the governors-at-large of the N.A.A.; Walter E. Irwin, viee president; H. F. Milbee, secretary; and E. H. Ross, treasurer. The club trustees are George Mathis, Jr., Lowell Childress, and George Smith. The club’s chief pilot is Howard Mayes who has had more than 700 br. in the air. Daring the war, Mayes was captured by the Germans after his plane had been shot down behind the lines. Springfield, Mass. By Charles Hanson Gale ‘The city airport committee recently held its first meeting of the year and decided to solve the present airport problem by obtaining a five-year lease on some suitable field in or near the city with the option to purchase. This would pro- vide an airport for the present and leave the city free to move to another site if subsequent study produced a more favorable location. Drinkwater Field at East Longmeadow appears to be the favorite and the committee admitted that negotiations have been started in that direction. The price of the land has jumped 150 per cent. from $200 an acre to $500 an acre since the first option held by the city expired last December. The field is declared by experts to be admirably suitable and sufficient for all that Springfield would need. The other outstanding possibility has been Dunn Field at Longmeadow but the wave of protest among the citizens o! that town has discouraged progress in that direction. ‘The field is not regarded by many as well suited for all-rouy” development as Drinkwater. About 5,000 pieces of air mail were sent ont by this city on the maiden run of the first air mail motoreyele service in the world on March 15. The event evoked considerable in- terest here and the amount of air mail sent out by local busi- ness houses is said to have doubled with the inauguration of the motoreyeles. Mayor Fordis C. Parker, Alderman J. Frank Tucker, chairman of the city airport committee, Post- master W. Kirk Kaynor and other officials were among those to make the first run over the route as eseorts in the wake of the motoreyeles. Salt Lake City, Utah By E. E. Hale Following a brief visit at Salt Lake’s airport of Clarence M. Young of the Department of Commerce, in which he made some observations on improvements, the city commission has appropriate $6500 for immediate expenditure. Also, on Mr oung’= suggestion, stricter regulations are to be made effec- tive at the landing field in respect to visitors entering in upon the field when planes are in motion. 3 ape ¢ ittee is now rushing work on drainage, comfort ‘ations, sewers, water mains, oil surfacing, cindering, paint- ing of buildings, and other such improvements at the airport. Flying one of the regular type Boeing mail planes equipped with a Hornet engine, the Boeing Air Transport hauled a Tecord load of mail east from here a short time ago. The ie weighed 1800 Ib. Two passengers were aboard. The ce hrough consolidation caused by delays on account sae Air Express, Inc., operating the air mail between en uike and Los Angeles plans inaugurating a passenger Trying line of planes early this spring. The new planes will AVIATION We're Here..:~ Visit our booth At the Aircraft Show. Inspect the line of Flyin Clothes that have no ceiling. They would keep you warca at the North Pole. 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los A Fire Extinguisher that can be operated with one hand . UPER FYR-FYTER is the only one quart fire extinguisher that can be operated with one hand, mak- ing it ideal for use on aircraft. Stinson Aircraft Corporation, manufacturers of the record break- ing Stinson monoplane, have stand- ardized on Fyr-Fyters. B. F. Ma- honey Aircraft Corp. also uses Fyr- Fyters as standard equipment on their Ryan Broughams. THE FYR-FYTER COMPANY Dayton, Ohio OXS Cylinders Have your worn cylinders reground and oversize pistons furnished. Write for prices Engine and Machine Part Manufacturing a Specialty. Edward A. Whaley & Co. Norfolk, V: AVIATION the ideal HANGAR for airplanes offers the perfect building tor all It gives perfect “light and ‘Spana up to Areh Roof Construction ae hangars, temporary or permane! ventilation and in the most economical to erect. 300) foot and over. a Cooperate on plans with engineers, contractors aad all others Interested. Our service department will ARCH ROOF CONSTRUCTION CO. INC. and Contractors . 106 West 42nd St, New York City April 16, 1928 be cabin craft to replace the Douglas planes now carrying one passenger. Maj. C. C. Mosely in charge of operations promises a surprise when the new line is announced. Alfred Frank, president of the National Parks Airways, which is to operate the mail line between Salt Lake and Great Falls, Mont., returned recently from a trip to all the stop cities. He reports increased interest and enthusiasm over the opening of the line planned for some time in June, Super-Universal Fokker planes, carrying six passengers each, are to be used on the route. Los Angeles, Calif. By Charles F. McReynolds Announcement that the Los Angeles city council has defi- nitely taken steps to purchase and equip three municipal airports with a total area of 2213 acres is the greatest stride yet taken in the development of commercial aviation in South- ern California. Besides the three new municipal fields there are eight well equipped private fields now operating within a radius of five miles from the heart of the city. A fourth municipal field which combines land and seaplane also under development at San Pedro facilities is Cae | Xt Here are the members of the Belmont High School Aero Cla of Los Angeles awaiting flight instruction at one of the local airports. With classes in aeronautics taught in many schools youth is rapidly becoming air-wise. Harbor on the territory known as Dead Man's Island. This field will be used by the naval planes because of its proximi- ty to the fleet operations which are based on Los Angele: Harbor. ‘The three municipal fields finally selected, approved by the and now in the process of development are ern terminus of Western Air Express; the Mines site, which is a well situated airport location in the southwestern portion of the city; and the Sesnon site whieh is by far the largest field but because of its distance from the business district (about 23 mi.) will be used chiefly for aerial race meets and as an emergency field in ease weathet conditions are bad at the other terminals. ‘All in all, it really looks as though the City of Los Angeles would shortly be one of the best equipped municipstlities i= the world in number and location of desirable airports. Tampa, Fla. 7 Tampa’s new airport is west of the city near the Pa automobile it is reached over the Memorial Highway pao city couneil, Vail Field, the wes Angeles By i i 1 ar right at West Shore Drive. It is large and level various necommodations such as showers, rooms, ete, fare being & ranged for the convenience of visiting pilots. Sea 0G. Harned of Travel Air is working up a £00 fe aviation enthusiasm among local sporting and bu: il 16, 1928 ba Apr AVIATION les with his demonstration rides in a big transport cabin mono- sae McMullen Aviation School, ohieh a org ats ORO- aS tributer for the state, also has a Travel Air biplane on the line wii Caminez engine. ADIO Severs! students are enrolled at the field, one having pur- E chased » Travel Air with Caminez engine for spring delivery. QUIPMENT FOR Anoth: ‘Harold A. Meres, advertising manager of a Tam- pa concern, has just started his eolo work. AIRPLANES and AIRPORTS Fifty or 60 state and out of state pilots have landed at the new field since its opening. Among these was Eugene Det- mer who finished fourth in the New York to Spokane race. He ha~ been in and out of many Florida airports recently, his instrument board being the envy of local pilots wherever he lands. He signed out for Pensacola. Frederick Lund stopped recently on his way to Havana, delivering a new Waco Whirlwind for use on a line in Guba Oklahoma City, Okla. By Ernest W. Fair The Texas Company's tri-engined Ford-Stout plane gave the Governor ot Oklahoma his first airplane ride when it took him and a party of state and city officials into the air on its visit here Cars ure getting too dangerous, says J. W. Bell of Lindse: drug store operator, who has purchased a Ryan-Siemens pow- ered Englerock from the Southwest Airways Co. Oklahoma City has been selected as one of the stopping points in the proposed transcontinental air races which are to be held in September, H. C. Martin, chairman of the avin- tion committee of the local chamber of commerce has an- nounced. Acceptance of the place is to be considered soon by the committee who will draw up plans for entertaining the racing fliers. A plea for concentration uf efforts of civic, official and in- dustrial Oklahoma City to establish the municipality as a manufacturing center for airplanes was made by W. S. Estes, seeretary of the State Chamber of Commerce in a meeting of the Oklahoma City Jobbers and Manufacturers at the Oklahoma Club recently. Estes cited the natural opportuni- ties afforded by the city as a reason why the aviation indus- try should thrive in this locality. Sunday exhibition flights at the munieipal airport will be abandoned temporarily, it has been announced. Responsibility for accidents which may occur at the muni- cipal aviation field is not assumed by the city, it has been announced by the city clerk, Mike Peshek, Jr. The Chamber of Commerce has filed a bond with the city assuming liability for accidents. “There is a pronounced social use for air mail, it should be confined to business,” said C. B. Braun, Dallas, division traffic manager of the National Air Transport Co. in an ad- ress here to the Hospitality Club. “Trade areas are defined by transportation facilities and a progressive town must fo!- low the modern transportation devices if it expects to grow,” aun also said. New Orleans, La. - By William DeWald William N, DeWald, operations manager, and Victor F. Grima, traffic manager, of the St. Tammany Gulf Coast Air- ways, Ine., operators of C. A. M. No. 23, have just completed Strip in the company’s Fokker Universal to Mobile, Birming- ham, and Atlanta, which points are along their route, com- Pleting finnl arrangements for the successful opening and operation of the New Orleans-Atlanta route abont May 1. Connection will be made at Atlanta with C. A. M. No. 19 from Atlanta to New York, operated by Piteairn Aviation Co. The two ! namely the entire route from New Orleans to New York be opened on the same day. The survey of the New Orleans-Atlanta section of the route, whieh is voter the direction of Alvin Smith, airways exten- Now airplane companies and airports can equip with radio apparatus backed by the name and reputation of the Radio Corporation of America. 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mo SOUTHERN AIRWAYS, Inc. Allied Schools Home Study Course DALLAS $25 AVIATION SCHOOL a Distrioenes, fe D oceagd Exe in $150 Hanger No. 6 Love Field, Dallas, Advanced SAN ANTONIO $250 AVIATION & MOTOR SCHOOL Commercial Located between the Government's $750 two largest training schools. INTERNATIONAL Tet COLLEGE of AVIATION Practical Science of Aviation in ten lessons. “This course is free if fol- You can begin any time. Write lowed by flying course in cither of our schools. SOUTHERN AIRWAYS, Inc. Swallow Distributors for Texas and Mexico. i Le cee ed eevee 210 College Street, SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS AVIATION ROUND, STREAMLINE, ETC. Furnished to Specifications ir - STRAIGHT CARBON NICKEL STEEL CHROME MOLYBDENUM Specialists in Aircraft Tubing—Manufacturers for 25 Years, SUMMERILL TUBING COMPANY (Philadelphia District) PA. BRIDGEPORT, MONTG. CO. Stinson and Haldeman bring back World’s Endurance Record with our cotton TAPES Used in the construction of the famous STINSON DETROITER Get our quotation on quality tapes AIR TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT CO. Carle Place, Nassau County, L. I, New York Seamless Steel Tubing April 16, 1928 sion superintendent for the Department of Commerce is pro. gressing rapidly, but the lights will be installed only after July 1. Until that date the contractors are to adjust ther schedule so that the entire route will be flown by daylizht. St. Louis, Mo. By M. L. Alexander In accordance with its annual custom’ spring has come to Lambert-St. Louis Field. The mud on the runways has dried and one may take off and get down again without the pros. pect of burying one’s front teeth in the instrument board, And there are other signs. . All of the buses that have been accumulating dust in the hangars all winter long, have been dragged out for « thor. ough inspection and an overhauling. Dozens of students are to be seen daily standing open-mouthed about overalled in. structors, and on any day a half dozen planes are in the air or buzzing away on the line. Across the river, at the Parks completed the Parks Airlines School building and big gasoline tank. ‘The lunch stand is partly completed and a contract has been let for the construction of two shop build- ings 28 ft. wide and 76 ft. long, and a 60 by 120 hangar. J. L. Phillips and R. S. Lamount, Standard Oil Co. pilots, brought in a Ford Tri-Motor with five railroad officials of Chicago as passengers. The railroad men attended a luncheon at the Missouri Athletic Association and hopped back to Chi eago in the afternoon, leaving St. Louis at two o'clock ani arriving in Chieago shortly after five. Paul F. Baehr and George B. Arnold of the Buhl Aireraft Co. of Marysville, Mich., visited St. Louis on their way from Wichita to their factory, and demonstrated their plane, an Airsedan, to the pilots and mechanics at the field. Claude Sterling of the Parks Airlines brought in a new OX-5 Travel Air biplane from -Wichita recently. Two of Parks planes are to be used by Allan T. Spivey, East St Louis newspaper publisher, who will leave Parks Airport soon to stump the State in the interests of his eandidacy for Congressman-at-large. The planes probably will be piloted by Clyde Brayton and Joe Hammer. “Brandy” Brandeweide has been appointed manager of the Robertson Flying Services and as such will direct the Rober son Flying School and aerial services this summer. The chief pilot of the Robertson school will be Dan Robert- son, who has been working in an office downtown during tl winter. Robertson was formerly one of the most nctive flies at the field. Kansas City, Mo. By H. H. James The Bennett Flying School, Kansas City, has inauzuratel a new policy of paying the fare of students from sever! points in the United States to Kansas City. Arrangements have been made by the school with the Ni-Sun Bus Lines, and allied lines of transportation, to transport students from Detroit, St. Louis, Chicago, Denver, and Tulsa, to the schools ‘A Stinson-Detroiter monoplane, carrying a pilot and four passengers on a 10,000-mile good will tour of the Unitel States, made a stop at Kansas City recently. ‘The plane is making the trip under the auspices of the New Yor American. The airplane will play a big part in supplying the United States with the picture news of the Republican Nation! Convention in Kansas City in June. The Chicago Daily News ‘has made arrangements for a daily airplanc service between Kansas City and Chicago during the convention the plane to carry movie reels and news photos. The fiyite time between the two cities is about five hours. The Chicas paper will have its chartered plane leave Kansas City April 16, 1928 time so that pictures taken in the afternoon will appear in that paper the next morning. Movie houses may even show the convention films the same day. ‘The Kansas City Chamber of Commerce will invite the 1929 Novional Air Races to that city. The aeronautical com- mittee of the chamber has voted to send a delegation to the ‘All-American Aireratt Show, Detroit, April 14 to 21, to lay the groundwork there for bringing the 1929 meet to Kansas City. Cincinnati, O. By Charles E. Planck The Embry-Riddle Co. believes it has the highest speed average of any mail contractors, with an average of more than 100 m.p.h. for the first three months of operaton. Stan- ley C. Huffman, operations manager of the company, and Warren Vine have frequently made the 270 mi. airline dis- tance between Cincinnati and Chicago in 2 hr. even. Vine ww holds the reeord—1 hr. 59 min.—while Okey Bevins hax amark of 2 br. 7 min, chalked up as outstanding in his first month period. Horace Dodge and two friends were in at Lunken Airport recently on their way to Palm Beach, Fla., Marion Sterling was the pilot. Sterling told of a non-stop flight which he and two others had made March 24 from Jacksonville to New York, a distance of abont 900 mi. in 7 hr. 20 min. He was fiying Dodge’s Stinson biplane. With him were Horace Chase and Arthur Argles, who was with Steffanson at the South Pole. Sterling’s passengers from Lunken Airport south were Dodge, Chase, and E. T. David. “Weighing Day” was celebrated recently at the Halpin De- velopment Co. here. A pot received numerous monetary con- tributions following which guesses were ventured as to the weight of the Flamingo, the new all-metal monoplane. John Knoob, streamline expert working on the plane, guessed 2,850 1b. and won the $13. Ralph R. Graichen, chief designer, guessed it at 2,800 lb. His preliminary estimates had been dlose to 3100 Ib. A Lunken Airport, Cincinnati, seems to have become a reg- ular stopping place for Lindbergh. He dropped in three times during March, once during the dead of night on his unexpected return flight from Belleville to Washington. “Slim” ate Iunch that day in a very masculine and not so highbrow lunch room where the Lunken Airport crowd eats when it’s in a hurry and just before paydays. He ate or tried to eat a bowl of soup, one sandwich, and a glass of milk. His wealthy friends, Bixby Robertson and Mahoney ate at the same place, in deference to John Paul Riddle’s arrangements. Lindbergh had whispered fo Riddle, “Just keep me away from crowds.” ‘The day after, Louie, who waited table at the res- tsurant found out for the first time that one of his guests wa: the famous Lindbergh. Now he enjoys a sort of fame him- Garden City, L. 1., N.Y. By M. Brown A. L. Caperton and Frederick H. Becker have returned to Curtiss Ficld as instructors for the Curtiss Flying Service. Becker is lecturing at present on Theory of Flight to the tlasses that assemble in the new Field Office, where ground school is being conducted. Lectures on engines will begin in fhe near future, also a thorough course in navigation, with Herbert S. Huntington as instructor. The youngest student at Curtiss Field is Mazel M. Mer- rl, Jr. eizht years old, and son of M. M. Merrill, manager st the Curtiss Service. Mazel is not enrolled as yet for the sindent flying course, but he has had many lessons in ac- tally flying a Fairchild cabin plane. Not being tall enough to reach the rudder bar, he is foreed to sit on M. M. Merrill's kp when tiking instruction. He has learned to keep the Plane on ns even keel and his banking is excellent. Mazel AVIATION Bobby KNAPP FLYING SERVICE, Inc. 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AVIATION SERVICE CORPORATION 12 WEST 40TH STREET NEW YORK CITY Cable ‘Telephone 2 Avinery Penn 2045 SEAMLESS STEEL TUBING All Aircraft Grades WAREHOUSE STOCKS for immediate shipment in any quantity. MiLL shipments for substantial production requirements. SERVICE STEEL COMPANY 1435 Franklin St. 43 John St. DETROIT CINCINNATI April 10, 1928 igdlooking forward to dual control instruetion, whieh lis been promised him as soon as he has grown large enough 1) reach the, rudder bar. Qn Capt. Rene Fonek’s return to this country in May, 9 non-stop flight to San Franeiseo is contemplated, in th: “Ville de Paris”. Fonck is planning to earry a large nun.ber of persons to the Pacifie Coast, as the plane will fly for 25 br. with a normal load of gasoline and 10 passengers. Possibly an ocean flight will be attempted later in the season. A new Sikorsky Amphibian was recently delivered to the Sikorsky hangar at Curtiss Field, preparatory to bein flown to Detroit for the Aeronautical Show. It is a two-cngined plane, closely resembling Mrs. Grayson’s Sikorsky, “The Dawn”. The cabin of the new plane is entirely encl:sed in glass. At the conclusion of the Detroit show, it will probably be sold. St. Paul, Minn. y H. A. Lindbergh Curtiss Field, the first flying field in the Twin Cities, has been purchased by the William S. Kling Co. of St. Paul at a consideration estimated to be about $160,000. This pro- perty, which is located on Snelling and Larpenter Avenues in Midway, will be used as an aviation and amusement center, the flying privileges of this 80 acre site having been leased by the Roth-Downs Airways, Ine, Travel Air distributor in Minnesota. Gene Shank, chief pilot of the Pioneer Airways, has made several unsue ful attempts in E. L. Gutterson’s “Spirit of Lubrication” Waco to break the present endurance recor! for a lone pilot held by Col. Charles A. Lindbergh. As the necessary gas supply would mean an initial load too heavy to enable the plane to rise, refueling was tried out while in the air. Although Shank is meeting with some of the diff. culties encountered by other pilots aiming at endurance re cords he declares he will continue his flights until he is sue- cessful. . ‘The all metal Ford monoplane to be used by Commander Byrd on his South Pole expedition stopped over at the St Paul Municipal Airport on its way to Winnipeg and The Pas in Canada. The plane was piloted by Floyd Bennett, and Bernt Balchen, with a mechanic and two news movie photo- graphers as the passengers, The uneventful trip to St. Pes from Detroit was made in 6 hr. 10 min, The Pioneer Press and Dispatch are sponsoring a mode building contest to be held in connection with the Northwest Aireraft Show, with entries open to any boy or girl under 21 yr. of age. This contest will be in addition to that whieh will be held in May for the Boy Scouts under the direction of Frank R. Nicbel, the Scout executive Little Rock, Ark. By Joe Harry Weston There are four organizations in Little ‘tock for the pr motion of aviation, The Little Rock Aero Club, Flying Raz- backs, the Little Rock Aviation Club, and the Argonaut Fly ing Club. The oldest is the Flying Razorbacks, a civilian club composed of the enlisted men of the 154th Observation Squadron, Arkansas National Guard. The purpose of the club is to promote aviation through the sponsoring of sit cirenses, and through civie work. The Little Rock Aero Club, is the next oldest. It wes aay ganized in June 1927. Its purpose is the entertaining ‘ prominent visiting fliers, and so gaining newspaper publicity for aviation. Prominent business men of Little Roek are its of ficers and members. Its president is Gordon N. Peay, » banker, and its vice president is Tom W. Freeman, a Ford automobile dealer. e ‘The Little Rock Aviation Club is a newly-formed ovzanitt tion the purpose of which is the instruction of its member April 16, 1928 The \-gonaut Flying Club is for the same purpose. Its meml\- are all middle-aged business men. Fargo, N. D. The: are now five planes in daily operation at the muni- cipal (old at Fargo and two new ones are expected within the nv future. The flying school, of which E. A. Canfield is the nstruetor, has nine students at present. The iector Airport, which is the municipal field, is ex- pected (0 be in good condition for the take off and landings of plies during most any weather for it will be sodded, leveled, and filled wherever necessary. An oil station will be placed in service on the field with an attendant in charge, the road will be re-graveled, telephone connections made, and the proposed hangar will be erected in the spring. In addition to these improvements, an 8,000,000 candlepow- ec flashing beacon light was put in operation on the roof of the Herbst Department Store of which J. Krohn Herbst is the president. This guiding light to the fliers is the second of its type to be placed in service in North Dakota, the first being the one that has been operated for nearly a year from the roof of the Prince Hotel at Bismarck. Lieut. Verne L. Roberts, one of the entries in the National Air Derby during the past year, is expected home from the South soon to resume his customary activities at the Hector Airport. He is one of the best known pilots in this section and plays an important part in the promotion of aviation activities in Fargo. Chicago, Ill. In response to numerous requests, Erwin Baumgarth, sales manager, and William Burns, pilot, of the Commercial Air- craft Sales Co. of Chicago, distributor of the Lincoln-Page plane, flew to Milwaukee recently to demonstrate one of these planes to a number of Milwaukee fliers and business men. A number of flights were made at the Milwaukee County Air- port, the performance of the plane being commended. Well pleased with the plane, representatives of the Wiscon- sin Flying Club placed an order for immediate delivery of a Lineoln-Page. The club is a new one, having been recently organized by @ group of Wisconsin business men. A. A. Whitkus is president. Olympia Fields Country Club, whose grounds lie some 27 mi, south of Chieago’s business center, is considering making part of the club Iand into an airport for the use of members. On one of the club’s four courses the National Open Golf Championship will be played in June. Olympia Fields will be remembered as featuring the first airplane golf contest several years ago. Fliers dropped golf balls near the greens, following which golfers with the pilots played the holes ont. Milwaukee, Wis. By H.C. Brunner The fleet at the Milwaukee County Airport will be greatly enlarged as soon as deliveries ean be made on a number of planes that have been ordered. The Midwest Airways, accord- ing to Vil Zimmermann, vice president, is to have two more Ryan mouoplanes and two more Eaglerock biplanes. _Arthur Paukner, president of the Milwaukee Light Plane Club, is \ snstrueting an airplane in the basement of his home. The plan is powered with a light two eylinder engine, has a wing spr of 22 ft. and the enclosed cockpit fits in general lines sus stive of the Bellanea plane. There is just room in the evokpit for Mr, Paukner. Eddie “iddagh is the new air mail pilot between Milwau- kee, St, Toul and Chieago who has succeeded Robert W. Ra- doll. Ede Middagh has about 2,000 flying hours to his eredi Radoll re ‘ned this route to fly the Kansas City route. AVIATION nis AIRPORTS SURVEYS DESIGNING CONSTRUCTION A Complete Service Backed by Twenty Years Aviation Experience B. RUSSELL SHAW CO., INCORPORATED ARCADE BLDG. ST. LOUIS, MO. Aircraft Engineer Wanted LA8GE_ manufacturing concern, vicinity New York, having modern plant, equipped to do woodwork, sheet metal work, etc. is considering the manufacture of airplanes. They are desirous of association with com- petent and experienced aircraft engineer as chief engi- neering executive. No capital needed but some interest in Company could probably be had if desired. This is an exceptional opportunity for an assured future for the right man. Give past experience in detail — age and as much information as possible. Box D847, AVIATION. Taylor Brothers Monoplanes are built distinctive, sturdy for economical and long service... with abave the average flying qualities. The Two Place “CHUMMY” The Four Place “FOUR DOOR” TAYLOR BROTHERS AIRCRAFT CORP. 42 Allen Street, Rochester, New York

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What Do You Know About Airplanes ? FEW years ago men had to learn about aircraft from personal, costly experience. They had no one to guide them—no one to point out mistakes when they were made—and therefore years were spent learning what takes months now. Thorough--Practical Training ‘Today the American School of Aviation offers you these long years of experience and knowledge, which cost millions to acquire, in their new and fascinating Home Study Course in Practical Aeronautics which has been highly endorsed by prominent aviation authorities. Write Today No matter whether you have worked with airplanes all your life or are just beginning in the industry you owe it to yourself to send for # complete and detailed outline of this training and our new and interesting free book. “Opportunities in the Airplane Industry. American School of Aviation Dept. 8264 3601 Michigan Ave., CHICAGO, ILL. Ox5 RINGS (BURD, BRAND NEW) EACH, in boxes of 32 only a AERIAL CAMERAS Genuine Eastman Army Type, Hawk Eye lens, brand new, com- plete wooden chests, $150.00 AIR TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT CO. Carle Place, Nassau Co., L. L, New York TO MAKE AMERICA FIRST IN THE AIR Is THE PURPOSE OF THE National Aeronautic Association In this effort it merits and invites YOUR cooperation and support Regular Membership $5.00 per Year NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS The Barr Building, 910 17th St., N.W. Washington, D. C. AVIATION April 16, 1928 [UNITED STATES AIR FORCES~#} Marine Airmen Active in Nicaragua A very important part is being taken by the U. S. Marine Air Squadron in breaking up the rebel forces of Gencral San. dino, according to reports from Nicaragua. In « recen, ground strafing engagement at Murra, 30 mi. north of Ei Chipote, the bandits suffered one of their most seriou losses, General Sandino being reported to have lost nearly 3100 men. After locating the rebels, the Marines dropped a ‘ull load of bombs among them, then returned for another joad, re peating the process three times. During the battle, snipey hit one of the airplanes five times. Flight Comdr. Maj. Ross E. Rowell, Capt. R. A. Presley, Capt. H. D. Campbell, and Gunnery Sergt. Michael Wodar ezyk took an important part in this engagement. Gunnery These Marine fliers took part in a recent engagement with the Sandinistas said to have resulted in a rebel loss of nearl three hundred men. Left to right: Gunnery Sergt. Micha: Wodarcayk, Capt. H. D. Campbell, Capt. R. A. Presley, avi Maj. Ross E. Rowell, flight commander. Sergeant Wodarezyk, who killed the leader of a bandit group at Daraili recently, narrowly eseaped injury when one of the sniper’s bullets pierced his parachute pack. Test Convertible Sikorsky Amphibian Under the supervision of Lieut. Comdr. 8. V. Baugh, genen! inspector of naval aircraft, tests were recently made at Cu- tiss Field, L. I, of the new Sikorsky amphibian plane buit for the Navy. Lieutenant Baugh was assisted by Lieut. Georg: Haas, inspector, and Wilmer Stultz, pilot. The new amphibian embodies Igor Sikorsky’s convertitl feature whereby it may be used as a commereial plane in pes times yet be quickly converted for military use in time of wa: ‘The plane is powered with two Wright Whirlwind engine: has a span of 72 ft., and is fitted with wing pontoons of it proved design. It has a gasoline capacity of 308 gal. Many Take Flying Cadet Examinations Interest of the country’s young men in aviation is shows by the fact that well over a thousand took the examinstv: on April 10 for appointment as Flying Cadet in the Am Air Corps. Examinations were held at the various Air Cor throughout the United States and insular possessions. Only 110 new students may be accommodated at each the two Air Corps Primary Flying Schools, one of whieh * located at Brooks Field, San Antonio, Tex., and the oth at March Field, Riverside, Calif. April 16, 1928 AVIATION WHERE TO a California Georgia | 115 ee | ae ae Indiana Learn Aviation at the | University of the Air The First Adequately Equipped Aviation School in America ‘Twenty per cent of the aviation activities of the United States are PITCAIRN AVIATION of GEORGIA, Inc. SSS x0-HOUR FLYING cours! 1 1, conducted i z “Adiamea, Gt, aay located in Southern California. Sying’ eld, “Aliyear'rotnd’ school” tax Our students are in touch with eT Buccine Osige ne ee, this immense field. Day School-Night School-Home Study Send for new. catalogue and complete ‘information. Warren School of Acronautics bond required. Write for details. Land Title Building Notice The opportunity, of opportunities Fon A’ Lucmto Woxten Omer LIMITED Commercial SQ Hour Cours pate Up to 200 hours $650.00 fe.p sete Only a large rellable school can offer this ‘opporcunity-—So far we are the only ono Sr we are the originators of the systent Note—if you take our 50 hour course aad quality ‘yourselt by special” efforts, to in: Sruct’ ying, we will tllow you, after you Secure the limited commercial “Meense, Us Werk. up 10 200 hours for’ a transport Iicense, "by ‘giving, primary instructions to Bower’ studeute, This or is limited ts twenty “five —~ No reservations "withows Spat, ‘ATKINSON AVIATION COMPANY . Slauson Ave, Lov An 406 Washington Se Gary, Ind. 120-36 W. Slauson Ave., Los Angeles, Cal, PHILADELPHIA *Zenoot ef deronsutice” References Pleag? California Tilinots Tow F CHICAGO AERO SALE The Western College of Acronautics FLYING FigLo Commercial Air, Inc., Battle Creek Announces Sales—“WACO AIRPLANES" —Service Mr. Wm. J. Waterhouse, Internationally famous aeronautical engi- heer. Dean of the W. C. of A. Faculty. Madent training in new Waco 10 airplanes Bates and. full on joe 8037 ‘Ave. Lyons, IL Phone, Lyons 7i21. The Western Collece of Aeronauiies is 20 Miying Field—Jollet” fed. and East Ave. ise tro La Grange, Ii University of the Air, one of the most adequately ‘eqninped huetltutions in the entire Weet aviation training Iinois ‘Expert instruction in fying, mechanien, meteorology, etc. Department of Commeres fives eaauiaauions aud flying teeta at ost! field. “If unable to start actual @ying wi oles we have a special preparatory cay: Fespondence course only $25.00. ed Towa Our cournes on every phase of grou: and air schooling ‘are not excelled. Investigate this statement and be con- winced Only 60 miles west of Chicago EAGLE AIRPORT SCHOOL OF AVIATION ‘Herman J. Neubauer, M.D. HiNcKiaY, ILLtwo! Full information mailed on request. gern to Fir st cut tpuedate, school at i tery “reanoanble' prices,” Gomplete Western College of Aeronautics TE] spttoanble prices, “ Complete ground woe West Stauton Avenue 7 vos “ANGELES "CALIFORNIA ecommodations! for ‘eindonta, | Expert ix LEARN TO FLY ON NEW 1928 WACO PLANES COMPLETE FLYING AND GROUND OOURSE $125.00. Send for Catalog. Distributors for Waco Airplanes DAVENPORT AIRPORT INC. DAVENPORT, 1OWA California PACIFIC TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY =p SAN DIEGO CALIFORNIA “Air Capital of the West” Offers home study courses in Acronau- tical Engineering and Practical Aviation. Residence Courses in well equipped shops, with clase room instruction. Ilincis MIDWEST AIRWAYS ‘Best central ‘shop and. field location. Only U. 8. licensed Intest planes, pilots and instructors, Write Dept. A. Wer Aviation Servico & “Transport, Ine., 208 N. Wabash Ave, Chicago. WRITE FOR CATALOG ‘Kansas ALLISON AIRPLANE CO. L with airplane construction in our Write “as today for further in KANSAS ‘Kansas Learn to Fly the Great Western Way. We toach Navigation, Meteorology, Assembly, and igging. Our students all folo and our course includes cross country training, formation fying, emergency land- ings. Flying instruction, $125.00. Airplane mechanics course of instruction, $100.00, Write for full iformation. Great Western Schoo! of Aviation, Box 138, Kansas City, Kansas. Connect!ut Illinois Kentucky NEW ENGLAND AIRCRAFT CO., INC. DISTRIBUTORS FOR =F MNOS ‘The FATRCHILD CABIN MONOPLANE Flying instruction year round on. net Quincy Aircraft Company QUINCY, ILLINOIS Complete flying and ground course. Licensed Waco planes. _ Transport Teeman Flying Field, Paducah, Ky. Toure Was sera fo.08 sper lesson: No “dows ni.” We guarantee ‘comy"-to insta Rona, not_to exceed’ $200.00. Course in clades cross-country,» narobaties, meteor Slogys ringing, ‘motor’ mechaniea.” No Sequired for solo, Planes rented. reason 10s, Commercial Aying, Advertising omraphy, AM exhibitions, Pare" gbuis "drops, supplies and. service. Operating largest school of commercial Giving instruction in. New Engiand. We sperue “from Brainard” Pleld, grade 4 carited airport Ezcoutioe Officer Bos MAIN ST., HARTFORD, CONN. Phen. NOMce 22889 Phone. Field 2-1423 Wonceerer BRANCH FLYING, SERVICE Nort) Grafton, Mass. Phone Park 6845. years experience teaching men to Ay. HOOSIER AIRPORT Indianapolis, Indiana Distributors for TRAVEL AIR Planes in Tinois, Indiana, Kentucky, West We taught the army. licensed instructors. Large field. Write Se see Ae fee now Mackmroe oak. for information. ravel Air planes Tndiana Louisiana ra to fly at the Cross Roads of the Complete \4_ ground instraction. Nation ‘with instructors who have had 13. $20 per hour Pay as you learn. Write for devails of course,” Year are : eather, Louisiane “distributors of WAGE Firplanes, SOUTHERN DUSTING CO., INC. Tallulah, Louisians (Where Airplane Dusting Was Developed)

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1116 AVIATION April 16. 1928 W HE RE TO FL Y Massachusetts BOSTON AIRPORT CORPORATION East Boston, Mass. Diotsions Boston Airport Flying” School, Boston ‘Aerial Sightsosing Service, Boston & Ni England Air Taxi Service, Bosto Marthas Vineyard & Nantocke: Airways. STINSON DETROITER TRAVELAIR ‘Tei, East Boston 0362 1878 ‘Behoo! — $250.00. Air instruc Hon on modern steal tube ships. Ground Instruction includes, Engines, | Stracture, Navigation, Aerodynamics, 4 Agente for Farmomiuo and Waco planes. Old Colony Airways Corporation Maller Field - Revere, Mass. P.O. Bor 285. Eastern Mass, Dealers Eaglerock and Ryan Brougham Planes Student instruction under supervision of transport pilots in new Eaglerocks recognized as one of America’s best tru yg ships. Some choice dealer territary still open. ‘The School of Superior Training" KANSAS CITY FLYING SCHOOL INC. —Master Inatructors—New 1928 Shipe— 10 Moun Counse $200—15 Hous Counex '§275—50 Houm Counex $600, You pay only for tho timo actually in te ir Grgund course and Inatraction Ie Solutely free to our fiying students. Includes "meteorology, igation, motors, construction, riggin ‘shooting. All work under | Licensed. sport. Pilots. Solo guaranteed in’ 10 hours. Advanced Work, acrobatics, croes country, ite Ay- ing ai ‘aftor solo ing for ti Write for fail detail and outline of course. 617 Grand Avenue, Kansas City, Missouri These Pages Bring Advertisers in Contact With Prospects They Can Reach In No Other Way WRITE FOR RATES ‘Minnesoro ROTH - DOWNS AIRWAYS, INC. Travel-Atr Distributors. Complete fying and ground instructions. Learn to with '2'$150,000.00 corporation in mew Travel-Air planes, Our instructors “are eensed transport pilots, wih many: ‘fxperionce. Resident and” correspondence courses. Write for Information. 2g10 Uni- Versity Ave, Phone Dale 3079, St. Paul. COMPLETE FLYING COURSE Includes practical _Instracti theoretical principles. of | fy’ ehanieal knowledge of the airpla fmotor, AN instruction on modern aircraft find by Hcensed transport pilots of long ‘experiance. VGN HOFFMANN AIRCRAFT SCHOOL St. Louis Flying Field, 303 ANGLUM, MO. ‘Missouri ‘ST. LOUIS AIRCRAFT COMPANY ‘Lambert St. Louis Flying Field ‘ANGLUM, MO. Distributors American Eagle Airplanes Tiying. inateuction the year round. Pri- tary fying course of 10 hours. Advanced Bying course of 15 hours. Courses include al ground work and practical instructi fn cur shop. Write for further particulars, Missouri An pneine Story of YO in Aviation! Qualify for Private Pilot's License 45 hours flying or limited commercial Lgense with "so, hours Syi ‘Take ex Geld. Officer stationed here. Field oldest and best fying port. We train in newest ahd safest Eaglerock com- mercial planes Licensed transport pilots (highest rating) instruct you. Thorough mechanical training. Send name for full Getails and personal complimentary pass entitling you to trip im Eaglerock ‘air- plane free. Bennett Eaglerock Flying School 225 West 12th Street, Kansas City, Mo. Nebraska LINCOLN SCHOOL OF AVIATION Expert and complete instruction in flying, mechanics, meteorology, rigging, etc. $250 for ten hour ground and flying course. $600 for fifty hour course. We qualify you for U. S. Gov. license. "No bond for solo “Get your instruction where Lind- bergh trained.” Write for literature, 2419 SOUTH ST., LINCOLN, NEBR. ea eerie | New Jersey a |? as THE MILLER CORPORATION 10 hour @ying ani ground school co: Modera equipment. “Experienced inuras: tore. No liability bond required Wee for” dates’ to The” Miller April 16, 1928 AVIATION iz [ WHERE TO FL | Ohio 2 Lake Aviation Co., Russell Point, Kaarn 40 dy ‘at Ohio's “most pope: miner resort in new Eaglerock ships, “tent instructors, reasonable quarters, jtions. Actual fying CLEVELAND PASSENGER SERVICE STINSON AIRPLANE DISTRIBUTORS HANGAR & REPAIR SERVICE ‘Aereadvertising ni Sightaocing Flighsa "Contract Work Beident ‘Training, Stinson, Laird, Fock, Swallow, ‘ir plance: Thompson Aeronautical ‘Ohio Pennsylvania Virginia PITCAIRN AVIATION of PENNSYLVANIA, Inc. SSS LYING COURSE... «may fying field, at Willow Grove, Pa., largest in che Eastin aidat of "ideal fying. country. All-year-round, school. Modern “fying equipment, including Pit cairn Orowings Reasonable board and Write for illustrated booklet. Land Title Building PHILADELPHIA PITCAIRN AVIATION of VIRGINIA, Inc. SS woe walt fer Wace Airplanes Yor Warren, Hunderton, Sussex, Passaic counties ic NJ. ic KI. Northampton, Monroe ‘training os ew Waco Airplanes, Rates and partic: ulars on request. Phillipsburg, N.. J Phone 902. TEARN TO PLY IN CINCINNATI Complete, Flying Course in new Goder direction ‘of! Major Hugh Wateon. Bichentiedginon, neat held Weite for “eae. ‘Complete WATSON AIRPORT, Inc., Blue Ash, O. Exclusive Ohio Distributors for el-Air Planes. ‘Ohio CURTISS FLYING SERVICE, Inc Clinton. Road ‘Garden City, N.Y. 1305,000" miles, carried'10,100 pasmengsre 000. mille, carted 10,700 = And graduated 334 fying etedenta. Air ‘Heer cf. sixteen "planes; equipment by Mansfield Aerial Service MANSFIELD, OHIO | Student Training « Taxi Service $20.00" an Boar or $175.00 for 10. br. Sours, Tmeluding ‘ground work, prepara: eee privates license, Write for full information. PITCAIRN AVIATION of SOUTH CAROLINA, Inc. —_ SSS 101 FLYING COURSE, conducted wee Rpertasbure Municipal "Airport Boareanpore, 5. cotapaay. arene Srareaneerg, Shia company. All Send schoo! em modern fying uname inchading Phcsirn Orowines SE" Wty “bond “required. Write for details. Land Title Building ‘end personnel licensed stil incoln-Page in Ohio ELPHIA Dersonnel, Ucansed by Department of Distributors of Lincoln-Page in Eastern PHILAD! Write for Flying Schosl Booklet. Ohio Texas ‘New York AVIATION ENGNG SH Engineering and practical in de signing, construction and etna North Carolina PITCAIRN AVIATION of NORTH CAROLINA, Inc. SSS xe HOUR FLYING COURSE. conducted TRSEM CTS CUES, mat Beckie SME « Mania onetaecd By Bia Gontpay "anf tad ice soloing dee gyi Set bility bond 2 Write for details. Land Title Building PHILADELPHIA The Superior Aircraft Co. (Dealers Alexander Eaglerock) A thorongh course in flying under compe fect instructors, om new Eaglerock piance Gourse incindsa” fundamental principles Gt Sieteorclogy and Navigation. “Taforma- tion on reawest. The W. High St, Lima, Ohio HOUSTON AIRWAYS INC. (Alexander Eaglerock Dealers) 2 most thorongh course In flying Por sonal instruction given in Eaglerock planes. Supplemental course in fundamental prin- ciples of Meteorology and Navigation. Write for information. 210 Medical Arts Bldg., Houston. | Pennsyloania Texas COMPLETE TRAINING Sole NEEYBEY Employment Practice ‘Service Course includes theory, mechanics and flying. Full or spare’ time train- ir Licensed instructors. | Modern equipment. Qualify for any license. Low: cost, Special facilities for out- "wn members. Write. UNITED FLYING CLUB, INC. ro) Chestnut St Philadelphia, Pa. ributore Lrxcoux Pace ArmPLAxE Desiers wanted in Pennsylvania and N. J. UNIVERSITY AERIAL SERVICE CO. UNIVERSITY AIRPORT, Austin, Texas State Distributors for NEW PLANES, PARTS, ACCESSOR- TES, OX-s AND H MOTORS CARRIED IN STOCK Complete Service and Repair Facilities AN ALL-YEAR-ROUND FLYING SOHOOL GRADUATING REAL OOMMEROIAL PILOTS CONDUCTED by University School of Aeronautics Write us about your needs A card in this directory keeps your service constantly before the industry. Through the Where to Fly pages schools come into weekly contact with prospects that can be reached in no other way. WRITE FOR RATES

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1118 AVIATION April 16, 1928 April 16, 1928 AVIATION 119 Brand New LIBERTY MOTORS & PARTS GRANT MARINE MOTOR CO. 10435 SHOEMAKER AVE. DETROIT, MICH. @Cour Advertisement On Pages 984 and 985 This Issue. PIONEER INSTRUMENT COMPANY 754 LEXINGTON AVE.BROOKLYN NEW YORK THE EMBRY-RIDDLE COMPANY, Inc. LUNKEN AIRPORT, CINCINNATI, OHIO This Section Is Growing With Every Issue waco Distributors waco Line of fies on Hand Motor Parts lete Line ALL BRANCHES COMMERCIAL AVIATION ‘WE GUARANTEE TO TEACH YOU TO FLY | SEAMLESS STEEL TUBING Made to Aircraft Specification 10225-D Warehouse stock also mill shipment. THE CLEVELAND TOOL & SUPPLY COMPANY 1427-1437 WEST SIXTH ST. CLEVELAND, 0. Exclusive OHIO’ DISTRIBUTO! AIRPLANES Msior Hugh Watson, President and Chief Pilot Fiving irport, Blue Ash, 13 niles from ¢ ee haere te fy on 0 brand nee Hanes INCORPORATE YOUR FLYING SCHOOL, 2ELCANE SPRUCE CLUB OR BUSINESS IN DELAWARE eS Green-Kiia Dried Rough-Ale Dried or Fished 9 your sizes. Liberal chartere—reasonadle rates we vaply aay of the largest sircrafe manutacearers is) the $100,000 corporation complete $73.00 United States and: Europe, 500.000 es Public Services Balan © QoeTtAND, OREGON LAWYERS CORPORATION COMPANY nildiny POR’ OREGO! R TIC SPECIALISTS IN AIRPLANE SPRUCE OR FIFTEEN YEARS Equitable Bidg., Wilmington, Del. Ta ipdial, special Tadian motor, 25 LP. 216 Ths. complete, $05. 4 Si, Ford'conversion motor 36 H.P. i88 tbs., fine perform Hour Gri. magneto for, Ford. sonversigns B.50, $15. ‘$15... bubs, heat THIRTY-ONE ADVERTISERS ARE REPRE- SENTED IN THE AIRCRAFT SERVICE THE ALL-AMERICAN DIRECTORY OF AIRCRAFT SHOW ISSUE OF AVIATION a ‘and wire ASHEVILLE, N. Cc. ‘STORMS AVIATION CO. AIRCRAFT SUPPLIES Pa a ee ed Bead for 1927 Catalogue No. 5. Special quotations on quantity MONUMENTAL AIRCRAFT, INC. 339 N. St. Paul Terrace, Baltimore, Md. The Most Comfortable Safety Belt Approved Type-Positive Lock-Instant Release $5 00 AIR TRANSPORT EQUIEMENT, INC. Caste Place, Long Island, ATTENTION — PILOTS — NAVIGATORS. Aeron NAVIGATION and METEOROLOGY SEND FOR RATES FOR THE AIRCRAFT SERVICE DIRECTORY tien in simple en wines illustrating and explaining. — IN LESSON FORM — Not ¢ book. EVERY PILOT AND AVIATOR NEEDS VITAL INFORMA. Hy ENDORSED BY APRONAUTICAL "EXPERTS. Prics $9.00: Send to-day for this remarkable NATIONAL AVIATION TRAINING | | WATSON AIRPORT, INC., CINCINNATI, OHIO Box 43 — Dept. © ta_Monica, California LUDINGTON PHILADELPHIA FLYING SERVICE Incorporated OPERATORS PHILADELPHIA AIRPORT PASCHAL P. O., PHILADELPHIA, PA. FACED con teente WACO ‘Instruction Acrial Taxi Bervice Moser id Complete ‘Eecipped for Day and Night Flying. Machine and Woodworking Shops, Supplies and Modern Hangurs MANUFACTURERS, WHOLESALERS, RE- TAILERS, ENGINEERS, DISTRIBUTORS USE THE AIRCRAFT SERVICE DIRECTORY THREE: AIRPORTS In Greater New York On Jamaica Bay. FOR SALE or LEASE — Free Rent First Year. Ideal Location for Both Air and Sea Planes. ——W. C. Hamilton, 11 John St., N. Y. City, LEARN AVIATION Daniel Guggenheim School of Aeronautics Courses in Aeronautical Engineering and In- dustrial Aviation. For particulars apply to the Dean of the College of Engineering. N. Y. University, University Heights, New York, N. Y. PHENIX NITRATE CLEAR DOPE S185 per pl, Ia 60 gl. sea, drama “Drama extra sul it en Mangn treleht propels. 8 Ete Soca Wood Barras OPaE perggae 0 ant Wood ‘$1.60 per gal. in Course in Aviation. We ha now a ses caeeecS ats cane saonanas gus. soe eosin, opportunity for a few of our students to ears Immediate shipment f. 0. b. Factory. their tuition. If interested ‘write at once All freah and for ‘detail "Ne wer sock or reworked materials, vi SCHOOL OF FLIGHT Phenix Aircraft Products Co., 1817-1819 Main Street. Peoria, Illinois THE AIRCRAFT SERVICE DIRECTORY Brings You Into Weekly Contact With THE ENTIRE AERONAUTICAL INDUSTRY L- CITY OFFICE, ATLANTIC BLDG. PHILADELPHIA, PA, PARKER. BROS. AIRWAYS ean LINCOLN PAGE Airpl fete of yiation, We tech you wy on brand ew Linola $4.00 a year = — Canada $5.00 cet laarone all inquiries : PARKER BROS. AIRWAYS, Sandusky, Ohio Foreign $6.00 @_B Air Transport =a SS” Engineering URES Sm Ask for Air Transport Leaflet NEW YORK AE CRADE :_ DISTRIBUTORS, INC. ARCHIBALD BLACK ow Ya re Garden City, N. ¥. Conriss Finn, Ganoex Crrr, N. ¥. South America COLOMBIAN AIRWAY SYSTEM Saves 10 days from Seaports to Central and Western Colombia Air Mail, Parcelpost_and Passengers on scheduled service omm- necting with United Fruit Steamers. Por partioutare ingwire: American Trading Co., Inc., 25 Broad St., New York City IF YOU HAVE SOMETHING THAT WILL INTEREST THE AERONAUTICAL INDUSTRY THIS IS THE PLACE TO ADVERTISE Lowest Rates

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1120 AVIATION April 16, 1928 AVIATION 1121 10 cents = word, minimum charge $2. ‘payable in advance. ‘ress replice to bex numbers, care AVIATION, 250 EVERYTHING FOR THE AIRPLANE LARGBST AIRPLANE SUPPLY HOUSE IN THE W ‘A completo Hine of parta and accesories for aircraft at lowest priees. 4 ‘money-back guarantes on everything sold. 8 TOUR REQUIREMENTS. ‘WRITE OR WIRE CRAWFORD AIRPLANE COMPANY “Masters of the Ate. 35@ WASHINGTON BLVD. VENICE, CALIFORNIA CONSULTING ENGINEERS Airports - Airways - Aircraft SURVEY - CONSTRUCTION - EQUIPMENT - OPERATION AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING CO. 527 Sth Avenue, New York — Murray Hill 4955 Aviation Sales Service “From a Map to a Monoplane” AIR ASSOCIATES, Inc. 535 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY ‘Actual Size oc sins mouneea ontario wie anteay eetee abe Lata ings motnted on Dar pin with safety catch. also Kdentibeation cata ifeasa "by" National. Flyers “Asw'n. "Those pins are ‘being’ worm ‘thousands of aviators, aviation mechanics and boosters. - J WALLACE AERO CO., Bettendort, lows of sterling allver DIRECTORY ADS BRING RESULTS ro Ask Our Advertisers Helmets, goggles, flying suits. Write for complete catalog. BECK DISTRIBUTING CORP., 66 B. 131st ST.. N.v.c. yNTION AVIATORS: Graphite valve guides threaded into OX and AED’ Silndare, Removable vidive asata_ installed,” Graphite ‘piston rings CaN cea descriptive Iiterature upon request. li, Piyiug Co,, S01 Locust Be Serling, TH. FOR SALE or trade: 6 JN-OH fusclages like new: 2 JN-AD fusciages Souplete, 1 DH mail plane complows ieee anotor. i new’ Packand ToS Mode'"A'290 hp, motor” Hino pars. "Cash or trade for Hisee or OSS motcrs.” st. Mt Burlin, 220 Virginia Ave.s" Danville, i PON SALE. Two ©6 motors with Bijur starters §1200.00, Four FOlsl ove crankeases without shafts and one model A ‘crank-case with Rizr rrankshafts. for $200.00, New Orleans Air Line, New Orleans, La. IMMEDIATE SALE: Nieuport biplane, wings, tail group, fittings com- pits, New Gnome 165 hp., completo motor, tachometer, prop.,. instru- ten ire lot erated $260.00. Loyd Pepple, Queensborough, Shreve- port, 1 AIRCRAFT PARTS Made To Your Blue Print and Specifications Tanks and Cowls, Propeller and Wheel Streamline — SPINNING S — RUNNING, LANDING AND FIELD LIGHTS The National Marine Lamp Company AIRCRAFT DIVISION FORESTVILLE, CONN. Advertise in this Section Watch the Results! PAUL G. ZIMMERMANN, M. E. Consulting in Aicplane, Design and Manufacturing Designer and Constructor of «METAL AIRCRAFT Telephone: Mystic 514 22 Clift Street. Mystic, Conn Airplane Business for Sale All planes, hangars, tools, equipment and assets of Yackey Aircraft Co., Maywood, Illinois. Amateur Sportplane Builders You have been waiting for this booklet on Balance, Stability, Controllability and Design of a Light-plane. Mlustrations and Nomenclature of the modern Sportplane is included. Send ONE dollar. DONALD L. J. SMITH, 1247 Loma Vista Drive, Long Beach, Cal. Place Y our Product Before the Industry by Advertising in The Directory STEARMAN—STINSON MONOCOUPE GEO. A, WIES, Inc. Hangar Curtiss Field. AEROTECH Inc. Aeronautical Engineering Design, Stress Analysis, Reports, Appraisals. Complete Testing Facilities 1955 Sedgwick Ave. 511 Murray Bldg. New Tork City Streator, IM. FOR SALE. 1 Air Mail DH, excellent condition throughout. Best cash Byer tates same or will trade for OX-5 Job In good condition. Air ‘Travel Geevive, 9212 Broadview Road, Cleveland, 0.” Phone Atlantic 4687. FOR SALE. Government overhauled OX-5 complete. Never been flown Eico overhaul. Best offer taker i, Crashed Standard as is $75.00. ubres Barnes, Chanute, Kans. REAL BUY—for the not too flush embryo Ayer, Thomas Morse Scout, complete excey lage uncovered for inspection. Wing and tail surfaces sound, nly $300.00. ‘Terms to local pen, “Vernon Kamin, 2089 South oth Ave., Maywood, Ill. YOR SALE: Sport monoplane nearly completed. Anyone can finish. High sit Sg, 80 foot aprend’ with Lawrence 2 cylinder ‘motor, coll and Huvocll'preylers ‘Guaranteed "A1 condition $250.00," Write, or wite EG" Lodks for full particulars, B01 Francie St, Bt. Joseph, Bo. “Waro 10 purchased now February. Ship in Pennsylvania. quick ‘sale, "Wire John Wolf, Conyagham, Pa. FOR SALE: New three place Hinwo Standard. Motor only had four fours. “Entire ship compares very favorably In performance and appear feo with the new production jabs. | Wings finished, in orange plemented Uope:fonlage “dark ‘blue. New tires. New upholstering $1750.00. Fiy sway Ashland. E. M. Burgess, Ashland, Ky. ‘prods Bfood ameeition apd enitabe, for training” ship. Harry Tong, 14608 warden Toad, Detroit, Bitch, FOR SALE; OX's $250.00 op. Hall Soot ATAS, latest "aprove Bests: 400 hp, beand new. $400.00 each. "TAC dual” conteais, 80 Le Hone’ moter, ood shape $226.00. SN wings $50.00 cack. en Torrey, Sorning, Calif: YOUNG MAN desires position with aireraft company; good education, active, ‘reliable. Have completed ground schoo! and flying course. Will Work hard in’ any branch of aircraft Industry with a fatere, Willing to go anywhere. Box 853, AVIATION. MECHANIC WANTS « position in some airplane company; 18 years ox Derience Im auto work” Box 861, Greemrilg NO neeny® 18 708 TEARIEORT EDT ese tt ope oa PPS a ee Sener aa eae LICENSED PILOT. competent, age 26. Available May ist. Hava new Production trer-place “ship. Give full’ detailn your proposition in first 7 1000 hours, five years on different types, desires lion with ‘rollable company vor’ individual, "Prominent meronautical ra for reference, Go anywhere, Box €48, AVIATION: posi 1 APRONAUTICAL ENGINEER: Experienced dosigner (axe 90), whorily Proceeding America, Wide knowledge (pilot, engineer, designer) many Erpen.” Oben ‘to negotiate for responsible post offering scope Tor creative Gnd executive. ability. Enel niversity and aeronautical prissman, ‘Box 846, AVIATION, id PORMER NAVAL, AVIATOR, 28 years old, 10 years experience here and abroad. wishes position si airport manager: anywhere. Best. refer fences. What in your offer! W. Pantser, Contral Hotel, Galveston, Texan, WANTED: Used OX-5 mot OXX-6 crank cases. Box 782, AVIATION. WANTED LS5 cracked or im first dass shape. Also extra 180 aimao. Also OX-5 ‘training ship, three place. State condition and priow Ia first letter, ‘3925 Broadway, Council Blue, Town. WANTED: RADIAL airplane motor, 80 hp. to 125 hp, tate lowest Cash price first letter. ‘Bush Welding’ Works, "Piqua, Obie. WANTED: STEEL tube fuselage: condition no object, if priced right. Sisto condition and price. Leo Allinger, Summit Beach Park, Akron, WANTED—USED Detroit Air Cat motor in any condition. Give de scription and lowest price in first letter. Box 851, AVIATION, = or parts. Also OX-§ crank case and SALE: OXS motor hed 80 hours time in Ad conditign; Just mea sIves_and is ready to install. Price $250.00. W. 8, Sudduth, itinn, Wy Box 116. FOR GALE: Btinagn Detrolior Viplane purchased Apa 1097, for ane Be vor tuscattves: "Ship equipped: with, 230 hp. Wright. Whicivind type JOS mnciae Sip and? motor have had 148 "Roara service » Hefnements Ser impovemente ncorparsted “since purchase” Price #7.500.00 fob. BEhianapolieg Tad Maron’ Motor Car'Co,, Tndianapetie, Kind. FOR SALE: Five OX5 motors from $295.00 to $50.00 according to Eontition, Titabait Hime moda “A™ 160. hp. perfect $430.00. ‘Aeror Senne "dont with, stecl"moter- moqnt, lees pinot, DP, landing Keer. Facial Job, $1500.00." Propeilern, hubs, ete Gnome ne, Som Bee 's30.008 “Prices inclade crating.” Box’ 858, AVIATION. FOR SALE? One JN-40 in good flying condition with practically brand few, O85. One CL, Pokker cabin job. Siolland imported. "AN! steal Reccece With on without BMLW. motor” ‘This ship is. in need of Hight welding sepatre and wing work. Can be seen any time at Newark, X's. “welts Aleplane Sslen & Service Corp, 81 Camp St, Newark, 3. Phone Matberry 3040, TOR SALE: OX5 short winx Alerender Baglerock completely, over Kauiess motor tuene 1400 om gronnd: bargain at sixteen hundred cash. E'S) parker, 513 Lanra St, Jacksonville, Fla. POR SALE: Tisso motor, 180 hp. lke new: all kinds spare parts, 8650 “A. Ghlo, P.O. Box 120%, San Diego, Calif. YOR “ALE: Jl Standard, single bay. high lift wings, split style under ‘overhead Tadintor, high apeet and climb, brand new, $1200.00. lower Hisso ‘Swallow wire. Address 209 N. 18th St, Kansas POR SALE: Single xeater monoplane, body and tail uncovered, $75.00. Laws: on motor with propeller $60.00." Send 10e for picture, Box 858, EXPERIENCED AIRPLANE MECHANICS: A new, well equipped, well financed afrplane plant In Eastern Central Pennsylvania, offers at- tractive opportunities to men thoroughly experienced on rib’ and wing construction, Attings, fuselage tubing, steel tall surfaces, engine testalla- Bon, fabric and dope, Interior finish and upholstery. Amateurs without gt least (e) months: factory experience ‘please do not snewer. Bor: 887, SIATION. PILOT IMMEDIATELY for Waco 0; 50:50 basin: Groehip outfit: atate {grmer employment and number of hours. Wesley ©. Brooks, Westssinster, % Feely Sg gan a Gey a a Bree Mel secant Re ae "end opbanh ht pee er REGISTERED CIVIL ENGINEER twelve y ‘sign and construction work, surveys and maj charge of work. Have thorough knowledge practi Ginding navigation and reculations, Desire position any branch ‘Available Immediately. Best of references. Communteations solicited. OH Moneypenny, Escanaba, Michigan. HELP WANTED: Positions open tn olf established alroraft company near New York City for junior stress analysis man and first-class Tnyout Iman. Opportunity for promotion to project engineer. State full history and salary expected. Box 854, AVIATION. FLYING CIRCUS with national reputation offers an attractive oppor- Ennity to pilot and owner of Rrran monoplane, trlmotored Ford 2° S07 other Inrge passenger carrying plan ing to cat over Foutes thoroughly advertised. “Bex B49, AVIATION. SALESMAN: YOUNG MAN, to sell airplane parts and accoascrien to manufacturers. Box 857, AVIATION. Tayy STEDERATSER goer swine, 20009, Nog Ades, nal Gh TANT STORERANEE geese Se Rae done ar aoe of TOS SRRRa Aa eae BP aan ame WILL TRADE 26 Pontiac conch, first class shape and have sorte cash for good OX-5 ship what have yout C. H. Inmann, 400 N. Twka St, Pratt, Kans,

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1122 AVIATION a April 16, 1928 >—— AVIATION Advertisers In This Issue HE advertising pages of this—the All-American Aircraft Show —issue of AVIATION visualize the present scope of the air- craft industry in the United States. They tell of the products and services of representative companies who have joined with AVIA- TION to make this the most comprehensive issue of an aircraft magazine ever published. These advertisers, because they believe in the fundamental economic value of aircraft and that aircraft operation must become a major branch of world transportation, are wholeheartedly com- mitted to reliable products which will contribute to safety, utility and public confidence. The companies represented in these pages form th backbone of a new industry the progress of which, to a grater extent than any other branch of transportation, must be encompassed in the word “Reliability”. In these advertising pages the engineer, purchasing agent, the aircraft manufacturer, the distributor, the operator, the pilot, the prospective user of planes, equipment and supplies, the airport engineer or airport committee, is given easy access to the best prod- ucts of the American aircraft industry. Long after the 1928 All-American Aircraft Show has become a memory of past achievement, the advertising pages of this, the April 16, 1928, issue of AVIATION will comprise a valuable trade directory of the industry. Reliable products advertised in AVIATION, a reliable publica- tion, command Confidence, Goodwill and Wide Demand. AVIATION The Oldest American Aeronautical Magazine 250 WEST 57TH STREET, NEW YORK CITY April 16, 1928 AVIATION 1123 FLOTATION GEAR All Metal Flying Boat Hulls, Single or Double Floats and Wing Floats Contractors to Chance Vought Corp. Loening Aeronautical Engineering Corp. Boeing Airplane Company United States Navy Ask for Data on Our New Commercial Floats BREWSTER & CO. Aircraft Division Bridge Plaza, Long Island City, N. Y. Exhibiting at All American Aircraft Show, Detroit, Michigan ———.!

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11% fn BERT ACOSTA, veteran of the air, has flown all types of planes from 10 to 750 b. p. air and water cooled. When he says that KENDALL PENZBEST MOTOR OIL gives increased - operating results in all types of airplane engines, he knows whereof he speaks. Regardless of what plane you fly, KENDALL PENZ- BEST MOTOR OIL will give you a quicker, easier start in cold weather—better body under operating con- ditions and more hours of perfect lubrication. Of course, we will be at the All-American Aircrafe Show, Detroit, Michigan, April 14th to April 21st inclusive, and cordially invite you to make our exhibit your headquarters. KENDALL REFINING CO. Bradford, Pa. (OPA [PENZBEST, Cron AVIATION creased Results onaiit of Aiveraft E ngines upes KENDALL PENZBEST MOTOR OIL ‘MANUFACTURERS’ SPECIFICATIONS ON AMERICAN COMMERCIAL AIRPLANES AND SEAPLANES AS COMPILED BY AVIATION ‘THE TAILE BELOW 1S BELIEVED TO BE ACCURATE BUT APLATION DOES NOT ASSUME RESPONSIBILITY POR THE FIGURES GIVEN ‘it anh ee ptt in hi 7 7 F Th r i Pa: Pali | i i ifn i} | unTRER 1 Be title ! ay tl tli . Par Parsi Pale i Pied la i ililg =a : 7 a |e Beige 7 i iol val ar |G |R a ein | laa | =e as | ws |Re fee for Nhs | [ae f emi |] Re ftp oh a) tar ie hoe ala ot ‘trae Heal 0.8 ‘s | ita ia) i || is| aw’ Rat fectier . | ia) lie) a) a) | mat fesse Fs s im lho! | 2 [at fe tore f= Bt | fi] Ne in i) 0 bo) | "|, | a ees cu, ~~ | wa} bate ia | Ey i) || "8 i) | ak al aa| 3121 staal e124 ee ete Sigua | F i 2) [aol aa) =) *. | Ra le ad pare 3 = ay (| S| al az |e | footer het. ML 30 | 8 lito) | 6a] a | Ret rf | eae | a ia] | ¢ lum] 3| | a [Rat rey ie EY i || an] | Ra te eee iB elfen | la) |e sn | Sees eS a fala [tat nae mene Ee te ta) h [ee Emime nt Fd ty S/o] [Ba Famine, ‘Caet H. M Co, we 14008 | mys big peor pet, o » | Jism] uw] as]. | ar ci ” oT a} 0 | wa 2 | me] cli |te ron w Ci te (in| i) ae] | Ra = |e |e ¥ we a ao [ne | |e fay |r Sissme i a a a leat | fa han ticmate i Po F 3s | iar is lie | me t a | ie bs li Hi % « ma | 2 | bee In booties fi i om in} a | Bae Pek une ES | t Bi if aes at s vo | om a | “i b lel Sout H | ie a | S| EE |S Souiten or H | a | ao |S | EE |b ioueetor : ive | | | ia | | FE |e Sioa H Yes | on | Be F a |B Ie ose : fy |'3| | | pe i Ie. | Tene: H | Bl a| ale 4 ls (|e Tie ie 8] a) a] Er) ER HF 26 o | ineor ra a/5) ii felis Mm | nln] |S |i) | fe le Vie lie F ‘vt Roa Ae, be bal aie on | a} i. | Ro | enol al» | | wo eter Fm) | in) | busine |i): || 3 Shae “ 2 i ali Peotrets 3 |i is | in| | apes 8a) WE) oe ken 205) 2 lim) ti fol || | tne Aa F Wn Reva. Bla hon) 5) ist ale F 315) || | || lian) 8) ml + | al tle He Pdr | Es |u| #) & sen oa] 2 fume | A a al basa ts » Fy cy Him rd | Pi 13: Hy ma iran wma east: sin SSS A

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April 16, 1928 AYVTATLION JL2T The three: fixed “radint type pine, ‘having. a tne’ bore and theh strokes witht rompreasion’ ratio. of Tee A Modern and a Efficient Engine MANUFACTURERS’ SPECIFICATIONS ON ENGINES AVAILABLE FOR COMMERCIAL USE AS COMPILED BY AVIATION ‘THE T\BLE BELOW IS BELIEVED TO ACCURATE BUT AVIATION DOES NOT ASSUME RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE FIGURES GIVEN ‘This te wi appear month and carectins and sopestins are ove for Light Planes cE iS 3 es a i : Be : ci = 8 are eee 3 eae 8 bela ‘ ilasaadie ee BB = 8 8 = FE itd BRB BRE BB! = PRR PPP PRPRFyFFE F are visible from the front. The oil pump and oil lines are self contained within the motor, the only outside lines being the tubes leading to and from the oil supply tank. The pump is mounted on the front of the erank- ease and is easily removed for inspec- tion. The pump is of the geared type and is composed of two sections—the pressure pump and _ the ge pump. Oil in the erankease drains to the lowest point where it enters the seavenze pump and returns to the tank. The oil connections are stand- ard nireraft fittings, permitting the use of a conventional oil tube leading to the oil supply tank. The crankshaft is a chrome nickel steel forging, heat treated and ground. The main bearings are cylindrical rol- ler aud the propeller thrust is take by 2 deep groove ball bearing. The connecting rods are chrome nickel stecl forgings, having a lower bearing to aircraft engines, is an old design with the corporation, having been de- veloped several years ago for indus- trial engines and since produced and sold on more than 5,000 units. A sin- gle cam operates both valves through a system of individual rocker arms and push rods. The push rods rest on arms which pivot on a shaft above the cam and contact with the eam on either side. At the upper end, the push rods connect with a con- ventional rocker arm and pivot on a shaft Inbrieated through Alemite grease nipples. The connecting rods are bushed at the upper end, and at the lower end all bearing diameters are concentric with the crankpin. The lower bearing of two rods are sections of a eylinder ent on an angle with the axis of the bearing and contact with a bronze back babbitt bearing which surrounds the crank pin itself. The third rod is 7 3 qlalea 2 i H # fala 2) ie Fl i 7 3 4/3 lisesi e|, | i 3 woorcrmen | com 18) Elle i 5/2 ERIE i ee /a] 5/8 i aa | 5) 2 Ewe : LE Res) g|eaqnee ie] oh : z = js |= 2 | git a 3 4) 2 ESE a | gt lege] gf | = s\2\2 fla | g z lie S| S8| § z 3 | 3| 3 igle| 3 2| PURE] HWS 4 23| 2/2 |g 3\i (Comet. rear bh [| i ieee ees lat ee. a5, HE design of the Szekely SR-3 Nie. ia 9, ii ea his ome ‘eed h the ide Reser the HPA A ee was worked out with the idea in Nia. fe |Ivase | a S| ts lat beam IBS| mind of producing the simplest | and most efficient motor possible, us- anes... 1. a os | exe ann 8 | 025 feo a) a. dua. | ing a minimum number of parts con- asst... JA fa, ane [2596] 20 [a0 | 0 fern 1] a... tal sistent with good practice and satis- asian... pa aol} 120 |g [sem] ov | oer... slialeclat lal el factory performance ‘The rated horsepower of the engine , ‘ 4 a . i ee, Tee Squm, “The dry construction putting all loads directly the master rod, holding the assembly nl i oe the engine is 144 pounds in Tine with a erankpin. ‘The erank- in place. E i , and the erated weight is 205 pounds. ¢#s¢ is an aluminum alloy casting, as Two magnetos are furnished with a a ny ig Tests have shown a gasoline consump- 27¢ the front and rear crankease cov- the engine and are mounted side by \s-230 | a la...oa.e..} ase. fe. tion of .57 pounds per brake horse 8%) | The pistons are aluminum alloy side on a shelf east integral with the jesaee in ia [PO }M Jp fe iE panes Tighe: alloy cast iron. The valves are alloy Toto, ener oneiven’ eo ne s-200 a Bo...,tM. | 2... All of the valve mechanism is to steel and fitted with two springs ench. Ena Capen the sguidian. nite 4 $5 lnc...lew se} aloe i. te the rear of the cylinders and eran! 3 oper Sesugh ihe jee swit H | ease; no visible pal ker arms The valve mechanism, though new in the cockpit he tachometer drive H is Cs a ii : Fa eel ep a eg Tia eagines, Sa ah. old dae taken off the gear reduction driving the oil pump shaft. The oil pressure relief screw is located in the rear erankease cover at the end of the oil Passage. The mounting flange consists of a round machined pilot fitting into the engine bracket on the plane and six equally spaced studs. All machine work on the engine is held to the highest standard and the assembly is carried ont under the su- pervision of licensed mechanics. No effort has been spared to make the engine one to give uninterrupted serv- ice and to be as free from operating difficulties as possible. Bulletin “A”, which fully describes and illustrates’ the SR-3 and the Szekely five cylinder engine, is now available. 0. E. SZEKELY CORPORATION HOLLAND, MICHIGAN SZEKELY ENGINES