The Country Gentleman (magazine) of October 13, 1853
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od “ OB Sournal for the fun, ig 6 “ Vou. ITI—No. 15. Letters on British Agriculture—IV. Lonpon, September 10, 1853. L. Tucker, Esq.—An important means by which the results of British agriculture are obtained, is the Wise appropriation of lands to the purposes for which they are best suited. It would save something in, transportation and much , time in traffic, if each farmer could produce ‘bread- - stuffs, horse-feed, beef, pork, butter, cheese and. eggs enough for home consumption, and then sell the surplus. This would be the best way, provided that all lands were equally well adapted to all purposes. It requires sound discretion to determine when this rule shall be departed from. The wants of the family and the adaptations of the land are to be studied conjointly. English farmers seek a better reason for raising a particular cmp oF series of crops, than that their fa- thers did. They require a better reason than that their families will need the produce. As their country’ is small, and the means of transportation ample, they find it better to exchange produce with each other, than to appropriate lands disadvantageously. What kind of husbandry—what crops and in what rotation, is best adapted to different soils, isa matter which they have studied thoroughly, and which is pretty generally settled. Practices peculiar to individuals, and some- times to considerable sections of country, are, no doubt, in. some cases, mere inheritances; as where hedges enough to exhaust a large per cent of the land are kept growing; or as where a farmer ekes out just enough of every thing to keep his own family clothed and fed, and then pays his rent, out of some money. left him by a maiden aunt. In Some particular things, J am inclined to think that nearly the whole race of English farmers act from a sort of inherited prejudice ; as in the use of plows nearly as long as our Oregon pine, and about heavy enough to load a stout team. But as a general rule, their practice is founded on sound principles. They can show a reason. ‘Especial- ly is this the case in their appropriation of lands for particular purposes, In the Isle of Wight, and in, the south of England, on the main coast, are extensive chalk hills. These, so far as I haye seen them, are generally broad, continuous elevations, extending many miles in length, and seldom steep or abrupt, except where the action of the sea is undermining and break- ing them down; as in the Isle of Wight. They are called ‘‘downs.;” and, as you are probably aware, have given name to a favorite breed of sheep extensively grown in the southern counties, of which the name “black faces’? would be more characteristic than that of “South Downs.’ The soil in these hills is generally thin, often not more than two or three inches in thick- ness; and it lies in a subsoil of chalk and flint stones. Consequently it is unfit for the plow, and is appropri- ated to the grazing of sheep. The soil is of a quick, active nature, producing a fine sweet grass, of which sheep are exceedingly fond, and on which they fatten admirably in the summer, and will live pretty well ' during the whole winter by being “helped out,” as the people here say, by a little hay or a few turneps. In making a pedestrion tour, with an American friend, in the Isle of Wight, I passe¢ along one of these downs from Brading to Arreton, some six miles. The vallies ans iD 3 LPP LPAI II - ALBANY, N.Y., OCTOBER 13,1853. , s i on each side exhibited the most beautiful cultivation I ever saw. The reform of which I spoke in my last, had here done its work thoroughly. Clusters of trees here and there adorned the landscape; but none in- fested the wheat-fields. The hedges, except enough to divide the land into lots of forty, fifty, or sixty acres, had disappeared. The distance, from the cultivated ‘fields on the north to those on the south might have been two miles. On the rising ground between, were feeding thousands upon thousands of sheep and lambs, all South, Downs, or a cross in which the features of the South Down were dominant, and so far as I could learn, all in the care of a single shepherd, whose cot- tage was central between Brading and Arreton, and was the only dwelling-house on a territory five or six miles in length and two or three in width. I then believed, what I had heard before, that the Isle of Wight sends immense quantities of the finest mutton to London. I do not mean to imply that sheep farm- ing is confined to such downs. Almost all farmers in this country have sheep, more or less. In grain-grow- ing districts sheep are employed to feed off the turnep crop, and thus prepare the ground for the crop that is to. follow. But the downs are devoted almost. entirely ‘to the growing of mutton and:wool; and it.is undoubt- edly the wisest disposition that could be made of them. On the other hand, certain interval lands, as the valley of Aylesbury, are. appropriated, to the grazing of cattle. John Lee, LL. D., of Doctor’s Commons, London, but the owner, and a part of the year the resi- dent, of Hartwell House, in Buckinghamshire, invited me to visit him on his estate, in that county—said he knew something of farming, and that his men, some of them, knew more; and. he would put me in the way of seeing some of the most sensible farmers.in that part of the country. I visited him accordingly, He is one of those men, who, with a noble enthusiasm, are de- voting their energies to the advancement of science. Had I been a.very prominent, instead of a very ob- scure individual, I could. hardly have been treated with more kindness and consideration than I was by Dr. and Mrs. Lee. Their house, the residence of a long line of worthy ancestors, built in the time of Elizabeth, the residence at one time of Louis 18th and his queen, and Charles 9th and mite, whose rooms were all pointed ‘out to me, is si in the midst of a park, not as large as some [ Have seen, but exceedingly beautiful, and appropriated, as most of the parks are, to grazing purposes. The house, or palace as it might almost be ealled, is very large; and, aside from. the family apart- ments, is full, literally crammed, with libraries, scien- tific collections, philosophical instruments, &c., &c., col- lected for the advancement of science, or to facilitate its application to the useful purposes of life. After showing me the whole, and saying that I should now know the way over his house, and must stay and study his collections as long as I could afford the time—a rare opportunity indeed, if, I could have saved time from other engagements—he committed me to his bailiff, who accompanied me to the neighboring farm- ers. The bailiff told me that Dr. Lee’s estate extended thirteen miles in one direction and about two in the ‘other—said he was a good master, probably the best in England, and was beloved by all ‘the tenants. He wy K . / 4 am +a FORRES U VAN VRANKEN. WE an Gare, and the Giresibe. 1 Wuote No. 41. Veen | introduced me to four large farmers on the Doctor’s es- tate. One of them said he had lived on that farm all his life and that his father had done so before him. Another said that he and his ancestors had cultivated that farm more than a hundred years. Another, who seemed to be well informed on the subject of America, and to think very highly of our country, said that it was a grand thing to have such a place for the exces- sive population of Europe to resort to, but added, {‘w @ ” have a good country here; our Queen is good; our go-— || vernment is good; we have good land; and in this part \ve have a good landlord.’ “TI,” said he, “am contented; I want ing better.”’ He. was a good, fat, easy-looking sort of a man; and the bailiff told me, after leaving him, that he thought he was worth £50,000. On seeing how. good his land was, and learn- _ing how much he had made.from it, I thought he had pretty good reason to be contented. The names of these farms are Wotton Hill, Cold Comfort, Cold Arbre, &c. The farmer on the last, Mr. Richard Loasley, is entire- ly a grazing farmer. The others are mainly so, but grow a little corn. Mr. Loasléey’s farm contains, if I recollect rightly, a little less than 300 acres, and is, as he supposes, as good land as there is in the world for grazing; but he thought would not be remarkably good for any other purpose. He said it had not been plow- ed for a hundred years certainly, and he knew not how much longer. He would not have it plowed for any- thing; could not get as good a turf on it in fifty years if it should be plowed up. Besides, he was bound by his lease not. to plow it. I asked him if it would pro- duce more by the use of hone dust or any kind of ma- nure? He said it did not require it; it produced well enough without. I asked him how many cattle he had kept in the lot where we were, which contained sixty acres, He could not tell; was buying and selling all the time; had no regular number; but thought that field would keep a cow and three or four sheep to the acre. I asked him if the setting apart such beautiful land, where there was no obstruction to the - plow, to perpetual pasturage, was a common thing i in England ? He said there wag very little as good land, perhaps none; but there was considerable land, which'all expe- rience taught would produce more net profit as pasture than in any other way, and when this was the case, he ‘asked, why not pasture it, and why not forbid it to be “plowed, in the lease? What this man said has been confirmed to me by others, There are certain qualities. of land here, which will produce sweet and abundant feed perpetually. These are appropriated to the dairyt or the making of beef. If the former, they are dress- ed with bone dust. to resupply the phosphates carried off in the milk; if to the latter, there is little need of - any dressing, other than the animals give them. It should be kept in mind that owing to the cloudiness and dampness of the climate, the droppings of animals are incorporated with the soil far more perfectly than with ‘us. What surprises one not accustomed to-this state of things, is the almost perfect evenness with which. the pastures are fed; if- fed closely, they are close in ‘eve- ry part; and if there is rank feed in a pasture, it is about equally so all over. Mr. Loasley’s cattle were of various breeds. He buys when and where he can buy to advantage, but prefers the larger breeds for this a
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POA AAALHNW" land. I never saw finer Durhams, except at the Glou- cester show. Such pastures, I think, go far to account for the surpassing excellence of the English cattle. Mr. L. is confident that the large cattle consume less in ‘proportion to their growth—thinks they-are more pro- fitable than smaller ones, on his land; but that they would not do well everywhere. Not only the wise ap- propriation of lands to the various purposes of grazing, . but the selection of animals suited to each district, is aimed at and measurably obtained by British agricul- turists. It is so with other branches of husbandry; and I would gladly dwell on this point did space per- mit. Their lands are subjected to one or another rota- tion of crops, to this or that mode of cultivation, with a wise and far-seeing policy, which in no small degree accounts for their success. Yours truly, J. A. Nasu. iio Albany County Fair. The First Annual Fair of this Society took place at Bethlehem Centre, Tuesday, Wednesday and Thurs- day, Oct. 4,5 and6. The organization had from its ' formation been regarded by many as an experiment of very doubtful success, and its most sanguine friends strength and beauty of Albany County would not be adequately represented. The Fair has decided -the experiment to be eminently successful, and more than realized the anticipations of all. The attendance on both the public days was very large, and principally from the farming towns. The chill October air and the driving wind kept some exhibitors and more visitors away; still a large proportion of the county and its wife and children'gave the sanction of their presence to the occasion. . ' ! To convey a correct idea of the extent and charac- ter of the show, it would be necessary to publish the entire list of entries and award of premiums, which our limited columns will not permit." We must, therefore, » content ourselves and our readers with a brief notice of the several Departments, and the premiums in the stock Department. The whole number of exhibitors in the Stock De- partment was one hundred and twenty-two. The show of horses was large and embraced many very su- perior animals. Aside from those to which premiums were awarded in their respective classes, ‘‘ Young Norman,” a six year old Stallion exhibited by Wm. Hunter, of Watervliet and one by Mr. M. Oleott, of Adri- an, Mich., are worthy of especial notice. Among sin- gle horses, a fine gelding, half English bred, and well trained, shown by Dr. James F. Babcock, of Albany, and a Black Hawk mare of good style and action, ex- |. hibited by Luther Tucker, attracted much attention. To both these animals discretionary premiums were awarded. There were several fine ponies. The judges awarded a discretionary prize to Thomas Brown, of Bethlehem, for a well-built bay pony. Several spans of matched carriage horses, for which no premiums were offered, were shown ; among these a span exhib-. ited-by Mr. Lawton, of Albany, and another by Sena- tor Cooley, were very fine. The matched horses shown by Peter McHarg, of sNew Scotland, were among the best’ on exhibition. : The show of Cattle was not so large as was expect- ed. For best lots of Dairy Cows there was no compe- tition, and the display of native stock generally was much less in point of numbers than it should have been. The Farmers will have an eye to this another year, and see that this department is not neglected. Sheep and swine did not figure largely at the Fair, still all those shown were superior animals. Those to - which premiums were awarded comprise a majority of those on exhibition. The display of Poultry was. a prominent feature of the Show. Among the leading exhibitors were Geo. Anderson, Joseph H. Platt, H.N. Wickes, C. W. God- ard, N. EH. Crandall, of Albany, and E. Elmendorf, of Coeymans. In-addition there were a large number dh A ere not entirely free from the apprehension that the oe THE COUNTRY GENTLEMAN. NANA NA Nd Nel Set Ne s of individuals who showed single coops or pairs of the different varieties. In the department of Vegetables and Fruits, there were eighty-one different exhibitors, and the display was in extent and variety highly creditable to the county. It was remarked by many who attended the State Fair, that the collection of Fruit showed was fully equal to that. Some of the finest fruit,was from the towns remote from the city. E. Dorr of Albany, received the premiums on Plums. Mr. Rainsford of New-Scotland, and John R. Myers of Bethlehem, were successful competitors for premiums on Peaches. The number of exhibitors of apples was very large, and some very superior specimens were shown. JE. Corning, Jr., James Wilson, C. P. Williams and J. 8. Gould of Al- bany, made a large display of Pears. ©. P. Williams, Joel Rathbone, A. Dorr and J. 8. Goold, made a splen- did show of grapes.. We have not space to notice the large number of exhibitors in the vegetable Depart- ment, but the show was far in advance of those usually made by-the Horticultural Society. . L. Menaud, of Albany, was the only exhibitor of Green House Plants and Flowers, and is entitled to great credit for the public spirit which he uniformly manifests on occasions of this sort. The display .in the Ladies’ and Miscellaneous De- partments embraced a great variety of manufactured articles. The show of fancy needle-work and embroid- ery gave evidence of skill and taste on the part of the ladies. The show of daguerreotypes by Churchill, Me- Bride, Schoonmaker, and Thompson and Greene, was very extensive. Taylor & Waterman and Van CGaas- beck & Co. exhibited. beautiful specimens of carpets, rugs, &c. A. Mareus and J. B. Hoffman & Co. exhib- ited specimens of cigars, tobacco and snuff. John S. Robbins showed a fine assortment of hats, caps and furs. W. Richardson displayed window shades and paper- hangings in great variety. In the Ladies’, Manufac- turer’s and Miscellaneous Departments there were one hundred and ten exhibitors. The large tent belong- ing’ to the State Society was well filled with superior articles, and the general impression left upon the minds of visitors was very favorable. Emery & Co. made a large exhibition of Farm Im- plements. Crownse and Siver and 0. De Groff, Beth- lehem, showed very superior Farm Wagons, to which premiums were awarded. Deering and Dederick ex- hibited their Horizontal Hay Press. The new Séed Drill and Corn Planter of Bebee and Wormer attracted considerable attention. Two carriages were exhibited by Guardinier and Selkirk, Albany, of superior work- manship. . , On the afternoon of the last day, Prof. Amos Dray, of Albany, delivered the annual address. the wind, which made it impossible to raise a tent, it was pronounced in the open air. It was listened to with attention by a large audience, who were instruct- ed by his timely suggestions, and amused by the pleas- antries with which his extempore remarks were inter- spersed. Directly after the address, followed the exhibition of Horsemanship by Young Ladies. This display attract- ed a large crowd from the city, and passed off to uni- versal satisfaction. No one seemed to question the propriety of the thing, and all conceded that it was an attractive feature, which other counties would do well to imitate. As certainly as horseback riding is a healthful exercise, and that to sit and manage a horse well is,an accomplishment for a lady to be proud of, so certainly is it desirable to encourage a generous rivalry in equestrianship. Five young ladies entered the ring, to whom premiums were awarded as follows :— Ist Prize, Miss C. M. Sprinasteep, Albany, Silver Pitcher. : | 2d Prize, Miss Lean M. Inecanp, Watervliet, Sil- ver Goblet. hs a Pe Prize, Miss Saran Osporn, Watervliet, Silver. up. 4th Prize, Miss Heten Lawron, Coeymans,.Silver . Spoons. ee Owing to NPN NAN NA NA he 5th Prize to Miss PHorsze Brarpstey, Albany, Pair of Silver Butter Knives. | The total receipts of the Society, for members ‘and single tickets during the Fair, was over: $900, The whole amount of premiums offered were not awarded, and it is expected that the receipts of the Society will meet its liabilities. | | HorsEs. Stallions.—1. J. Van.Zandt, New Scotland, $6. 2. James Cornell, Berne, $4. 3. J.C. La Grange, New Scotland, $2. “Three Year Olds.—1. John B. Wimre, Knox, $5. 2. Peter Conley, Coeymans, $3. 3. Valentine Oliver, Bethlehem, $2. Also, favorably, Messrs. Link and Hunter, Watervliet, and William Earle, Berne. Matched Horses.—1\. George Lasher, Bethlehem, $5. 2. C. H. Whitbeck, Watervliet, $3. 3. Elias Milbanks, Beth- lehem, Trans. Draught Horses.—1. E. Corning, Jr., Bethlehem, $5. 2. R. Kimmey, do., $3. 3. G. Vanderpool, do., ‘rans. Farm Horses.—\. J. Burhans, Coeymans, $5. 2, I. J. Mull, Bethlehem, $3. 3. Jeremiah Mead, do., ‘Trans. Single Horses.—1. Mr. Springsteed, Albany, $4. 2. Col. Lausing, Watervliet, $2. 3..John Calanan, Coeymans, Trans. , Three Year Old Colts.—1. E. D. Rainsford, New Scotland, $4. 2. Jacob Wine, Guilderland, $2. 3. James A. Loucks, New Scotland, Trans. Two Years Old—1. Wm. Beardsley, Albany, $4. 2. H. Wiltsie, Coeymans, $2. 3. E. D. Rainsford, ‘Trans. Yearling Colts. —1. Hiram Kelsey. Rensselaerville, $3. 2. N. Schermerhorn, New Scotland, $2. 3. J. A. Loucks, do., Trans. id Mares and Colis.—1. John J. Van Alen, Bethlehem, $5. 2. J. C. La Grange, New Scotland, $3. 3. W. M. Bullock, Bethlehem, $2. 4. Lewis Myers, Bethlehem, Trans. CATTLE. Devons.—G. W. Durant, Rensselaerville, for best Bull, $5. Peleg Weeden, Rensselaerville, for best Cow, $5, aud for best Yearling Bull, $3. . Peg, ae Duruams.—Bulls—George Campbe Alb for best two year old, $4—Charies Thornton, Guilder! st year- ling, $3. 2d. Peter Van Wie, Bethlehem, $2. 3d. W. M.— Bullock, Trans. 2d best Bull Calf, Hirafy Kelsey, Rensse- laerville, Trans. , ee Cows—1. George Cary, Bethlehem, $5. 2. do., #3. 2. do., $2. W. M. Bullock, for best three year old Heifer, $4, and best yearling Heifer, $2. Geo. Cary, for best Heifer Calf, $2. HereForps.—E. Corning, Jr., Bethlehem, was the ouly exhibitor, and was awarded the eight first premiums. Ayrsuires.—E. P. Prentice, Mount Hope, exhibited eight fine animals from his herd, for exhibition ouly, for which the committee tendered him their thanks. For the best two year old Bull, James W. oy OCoeymans, $4. Best Bull Calf, John Conger, Westerlo, $2. | Native Cows. —1. C. Wickham, Coeymans, #5. 2. Geo, Cary, $3. 3. John Conger, $2. For best two year old © Heifer, 1. Gilbert Wemple, Bethlehem, $3. 2. J. V. L. Os- terhout, do., $2. 8. O. De Groff, do., 1. For yearling Heif- er, 1. Francis Leedings, Coeymans, $2. 2. O. De Groff, $1. 3. Samuel Jolly, Bethlehem, T'rans. Oxrn.—1. Best’ ten yoke from one town, Joseph Hilton, New Scotland, $10. 2. Gilbert Weinple, Bethlehem, $8. For single yoke, 1. Joseph Hilton, $6. 2. J.T. Kinney, Beth- lehem, $5. 3. Henry Friday, Bethlehem, $4. For four year old—1, Jacob Soop, Bethlehem, $5. 2. Henry Calanan, New Scoiland, $4. 3. John Burhans Coeymans, $3. For three year old Steers—1. Ira Carha , Coeymans, $5. For best yearling Steers, Stephen Calanan, $3. SHEEP. Pama) see Veneee’, for 1st and 2d best Merinos, $3 and $2. 3. W. P. Brayton, Bethlehem, Trans. For best middle wooled—1. M. Springsteed, New Scotland, $3. 2. J. Sager, Bethlehem, $2. To James E. Mackay, Rensselaerville, a discretionary premium of $3, for eight buck lambs, $ French. Ewes—Best fine wooled, J. E. Mackay, $5. Best middle wooled, J, Sager, $5. Best long wooled, W. P. Brayton, Bethlehem, $5. Best five lambs, Gilbert Wemple, $5. SwIne. Boars—1. J. Winne, Bethlehem, $4 2 E. Corning, Jr., $3. 3. E. Milbanks, $2. Sows—Some superior animals exhibited, but not having pigs, all were excluded but one, which was awarded the 3d premium, E. Milbanks, $2. Picgs—1. G. M. Bender, Bethlehem, $3. 2. J. Winne, $2. 3. E. Milbanks, 1. 4 Pou.try. Premiums were awarded, to George Anderson, Albany, for best coop Shanghae Fowls—to Joseph H. Platt, Albany, for Silver Poland, Bantams, and Black Shanghaes—to H. N. Wicks, Albany, fot Game, India, Irish hen feather, and Eng- lish and Moor Pheasanis—to C.W. Goddard, Albany, Chitta- ong and for Bremen Geese—to E. Corning, Jr., for White Shanghaes—to C, Rathbone, Kenwood, for _ Serene E.L. Woodruf, Coeymans, for Speckled Shanghae—to Charles Selkirk, Bethlehem, and John Friday, Bethlehem, for Black Poland—to J. I. Winne, for Speckled Ducks, and L. G. War- ren, Bethlehem, for Geese. Piowine Matcu.—1. A. B. McCormick, Bethlehem, $6. 2. John Vanderbilt, Bethlehem, $4. 3. Philip Kimmey, Coey- mans, $8. : ian Winne, $4. 2. J. Vanderzee, Dairy.—Butter—1. Coeymans, $3. 3. I. Vedder, do., $2. No cheese exhibited. —p— BAKEWELL CAttLe.—Can you or any of your sub- scribers tell me through the Cultivator, where I can get a full blooded Bakewell Bull, not exceeding two years old, and what will be the price of him? Cuaruzs T. Graves. East Cleveland, Sept. 24, 1853. We know of no pure Bakewell or Long-horned cat- tle, in this country.
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? “much the poorest. Re-seeding to Grass. Messrs. Eprrors—We have been disappointed in our newly stocked fields, from the unparalleled drouth in this section. Would it be best to sow grass seed this fall, and harrow it in? or go through another course of cropping and manuring? D.R.8., Malone, N. Y. There is nothing to prevent an immediate and suc- cessful re-seeding of the ground in which the grass-seed failed by the past season’s drouth. We have been quite successful with the practice of sowing the seed, without any other crop, early in spring, and brushing it in. It commences growing immediately, and if plenty is sown, affords most abundant pasture for cattle for the last half of the same year. We have at the present moment a field affording to our milch cows the most productive _and luxuriant growth of grass, by far, to be found in the neighborhood, that was seeded in this way, last spring, at the rate of half a bushel of mixed timothy and clover to the acre. This abundant supply of seed, gives, we think, about twice as heavy a crop as that afforded by the usual quantity. If the land could be plowed late in fall, it would probably fit it well for the early sowing of the grass seed. Farming in Windham County, Ct. Mr. Tucker—I observed in one of the late num- bers of the Cultivator a notice of an address delivered before the Windham Co. (Ct.) Ag. Society the last sea- son, ‘an dciety has been as good as dead for a num- ber of years { st, but has lately revived, through the exertions of ; ome of the more enterprising farmers in Brooklyn and the vicinity. Perhaps a short sketch of its condition as a farming district, may be interesting to some of your readers, _ . Windham County embraces within its limits a great - bushes. de Mind of soil, and exhibits among its occupants every gre of thrift from the skillful management of our best farmers to those slip shod operators which scarce ~, deserve the name of husbandry. As a general thing the eastern part of the Acittaby’ ia is The face of the country is hilly, the soil of a yellowish cast, very thin and full of stones. These characterist¥cs find their culminating points in the towns of Willington, Westford, and Union. Here may be found lands as near barren as one could desire, and which I believe it would puzzle even Prof. Mapes to find means to renovate. In addition to this discour- aging fact, want of ‘neatness seems to be a prevailing fault. - Stone walls are dilapidated or overgrown with Door-yards are neglected. Buildings are put up in bad taste ; the barns especially, frequently look- ing more as if they came together by accident than according to any plan, while the barnyards are often as extensive as the farm. Pig styes*are built by the side of the road, and their proper occupants are’ gene- rally allowed the freedom of the highway. One cannot resist the conviction, either that farming is a secondary - ‘business, or that the farmer has become discouraged and retreated to his domicil, while his natural enemies are advancing upon him with rapid strides and threat- ening to drive him frem the country. Grass is the principal crop, and one would naturally suppose that the most would be made of it, but instead of this I know of some farmers who suffer autumn to make its - appearance before their first crop of hay is cut. As a natural consequence the cattle are small, making but a slow growth; because on such kind of feed they lose nearly as much in the winter as they gain in the sum- mer. I would not impe e industry or ability of the good people of on but if I wished in a single term to describe t neral style of farming I know of none that would apply so well as the word slack. This is rather a dark picture it is true, but it will be remembered that I have been speaking of general cha- racteristics. There are single farms of great natural beauty and fertility, nd some are made such by the hand of patient persevering laborers. ‘There are some plowed and sowed with buckwheat and guano. THE COUNTRY GENTLEMAN. y = PARADA DLMYVADAADPDAAEMABAMNAANAAALALAALALLABLALN SA Oonn—s4U Oe ~—eeaeenesrr_-rl ow OO——™—_ OO on aeeersene eee , signs of improvement too in the mode of conducting farming operations. Occasionally you may see the in- dependent horse-rake bounding over rocks and bogs, doing the work of five or six men, and doing it like a man. Sometimes you will find a man who has come to the conclusion that it is better to cut up his corn at the roots and so save all his fodder, than to top it and save only half. And there are those who prefer keeping their stock yarded and saving their manure, to having it wasted away by the streams, and so enrich the lands of others at the expense of theirown. ~, I think the greatest promise of improvement is in the use of guano. results. The most common way of applying it as far as my knowledge extends, is in raising a crop of buck- wheat. To this it seems well adapted, and its: effects are generally very marked. , I have seen, this season, Though but just beginning to be in-. troduced, it has already effected some very favorable | buckwheat standing waist high on a gravelly knoll. which for a long time has not been thought worth cul- tivation, and this solely by the application of a hundred pounds of guano to the acre, at the time of sowing. I was told of another instance’ in which it was appli- ed at the same rate, and the yield was twenty bushels per acre, while on land adjoining this and precisely similar to it in character and treatment, except the guano, the crop was barely worth harvesting. Still another instance was related to me of its successful use on a very unproductive lot of land containing about seven acres. I think the owner told me that twenty acres of such land would not pasture a cow. It was The yield was a falr one. The next year it was again dressed with about 50 lbs. and planted with potatoes. The produce this year was 400 bushels potatoes, and not far from 80 of buckwheat, which was self sown and grew with the potatoes, being carefully saved at the time the potatoes were dug. The last spring it was sowed with oats and grass seed. The crop was esti- mated at 30 bushels per acre, and there is a prospect of a fine crop of grass thé next year. Considering that guano was the only manure used, and that the land was almost worthless at first, this may be called a very. good operation. I am not sure whether guano was used with the oats. One farmer has become so well satisfied of its value for his land that he ordered a ton the last spring, the greater part of which he used himself. Such facts as these show that the spirit of improve- ment is at work even here, and that nothing is needed but a few more farmers of the right stamp, .and the fos- tering care of one or more well organized and efficient Ag. Societies; to turn many of these wilderness places into fruitful fields. I have been speaking, it will be recollected, of that part of the county the least valuable for agricultural purposes. of natural fertility or skillful management will com- pare favorably with any part of the State.. Such are the towns of Brooklyn, Pomfret and South Woodstock. Having the pleasure of a personal acquaintance with Hon. Witt1am Lyon who owns a farm in the latter place of some two hundred acres, I have repeatedly had occasion to notice the admirable system maintained on his establishment, and the substantial manner in which all his improvements are made. ist When Mr. Lyon took possession of his farm, a young man, it was heavily encumbered with mortgages. These under his skillful management have not only been paid off, but a family has been educated, large and expensive barns and out buildings have been built, There are other portions of it which in point ‘ticularly apples. ~ that part of the country, but which required in his case no little patience and perseverance to accomplish, as he made it a point to dig or blast out most of the rocks, and lay them into walls. He began the improvement of his stock with a cross of what he called the Holder- ness with the native ; since which time he has.carefully bred from his best animals, and occasionally crossed with valuable ones of the improved breeds until he pro- | duced a herd which left. little to be desired, either for | dairying purposes or for the stall. : : The farm is at present managed by his gentlemanly and enterprising son-in-law, Bensamin Sumner, Esq. He is giving his attention chiefly to the breeding of the Improved Short horns, and the raising of fruit, par- Of the latter he has a fine orchard of choice varieties, planted with his own hands, which is just beginning to bear. . His stock of full blood short horns, is not large, but includes some superior animals, and his grades do him much credit as a breeder of stock. I should not omit to mention in this connection his Suffolk swine and | South Down sheep, both fine of their kind, though per- | haps the latter are wanting something in size. But.I fear this communication has been aoe an unreasonable length. If so, the fruitfulness of the theme must’be my apology. E. N. N. Seneaneees {adem Book-Farming. Messrs. Epirors—I presume there are not many of your subscribers who have not one or more neigh- © bors within a mile or two from them, who are in the habit of sneering, more or lesy openly, at book-farmers and book-farming. I wish all such silly or self-con- ceited persons were obliged to "at still patiently and hear read or repeated to them the snbstance of the re- marks which W. 8. King made upon this subject i in his © late Address before the N. H. Agricultural Society. The following contains the pith of what he offered on this subject: “ What is called Book-Farming is simply the appropriation of the experience of other farmers, which they or others for them, have thought proper to print. Ifa farmer, known to you to be a good farmer and a truth-telling man, tells you that by a system of management differing somewhat from yours, he has nearly doubled his crops, you listen with widely-open- _ ed ears; you store in memory every particular of his proceeding, and you determine to pursue, another year, | that plan that has so well answered the purposes of | a book or periodical, that moment it becomes a part of — / and his farm and stock meantime kept in a state of constant improvement. He ascribes his suecess to a few general principles which he early adopted: and has steadily adhered to. These are deep and thorough cultivation, a free use of plaster, and the raising of his own stock. He informed me that his whole farm, with the exception of an acre or two, has been under culti- vation with the plow, a thing quite too uncommon in , ae the your neighbor. But if this very man, desirous of ben- efitting a whole community by his experience, and hav- ing too much business at home to go about repeating his success from man to man, by word of mouth, shall write out his experiment, and cause it to be printed in book-farming, and ceases to, have virtue in the eyes of many. There is a magic in types, it would seem, that. converts what is wisdom when spoken into folly when printed. But the species of book-farming, that above all others calls into play the prejudices of working farmers, is the printed advice of men who work more with their brains than with their hands; of men, who observe the operations of others, and carry into prac- tice, by the hands of hired help, what commends it- self to their fudgment by its fruits; of men who re- gard agriculture as a science.” Let the above find its way to the eyes or the ears of © every sneerer at book-farming, and perhaps some of them may begin to suspect that they have not been so very wise as they have thought themselves. ; ry se AGRICULTURAL Paper.—After the monthly reading of the Cultivator, I can almost: i imagine having attend- ed an Agricultural meeting, composed of some of the most intelligent farmers of the Union, the editor in the chair, your humble servant in some unnoticed corner, cites them to the higher exertion of the mind. ipa D. R. 8. Malone, N. Y., Sept. 1853, ih ‘though none the less interested. Good agricultural - reading makes farmers more proud of their calling, and happier in the discharge of its duties, and it in-*'
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THE COUNTRY GENTLEMAN. LPP PL NF Vr Wrient’s MAmmoru TENT, which will accommodate 3000. persons. Premiums on a liberal seale have been advertised for less breeder too, often so badly pairs the animals, that | the good ‘points of each are’ almost lost, the defects of both increased, and the produce inferior to either sire Che Gragier. nN aw ae or dam. . ity the presentation of Fruits to'be exhibited upon the ta- -Raising Horses. ‘* Another very bad practice, is that of breeding from | bles, and.an unusual display may be reasonably .antici- young animals before nature is well developed in form, and every organ has acquired full maturity. *¢ As to the stallion, it is a well established fact, that pated. Letters of acceptance have been received in answer to invitations to numerous distinguished gentlemen, The following plain common-sense remarks on the defects of breeding horses as commonly practiced by farmers, are from the Report of H. H. Fox, to the Wis- volume of Transactions. When it is remembered that an ugly or bad horse, costs perhaps more than its value to raise, and quite as much as to raise the most perfect animal, the latter perhaps netting a hundred per cent on the expense of rearing, the importance of securing the best breeders is very evident. *¢ The raising of the horse and his application to labor must always censtitute one of the most important and interesting branches of agriculture; and already not a few of our farmers are beginning to turn their attention particularly to that business. *¢ But it is very plain, even judging from some of the specimens exhibited at the fair, that most of our farm- ers breed without due regard to proper system, or to the class of animals most desirable for pleasure and profit. They seem to think that a mare rendered worthless by vicious habits, or disease, will do very well to raise a colt from, no matter if she is blind, spavined, ring- boned, or splinted, small sized; or ill shaped—if they can only procure a good, large, fat horse for a sire. ‘This is a very bad system and ought to be eradi- aated. The great evil is, they pay too little attention to the kind of mare. Both-animals ought to be perfect as near as we can judge and get them, or else our breed of horses’ will never be generally good, but a spurious race will continue, and degeneration progress. If breed- ers do not pay more attention to the hereditary trans- “Inission of disease; if we do not exercise proper judg- ment with regard to form, constitution, and freedom from hereditary taint, how can we expect.a..sound or healthy offspring from either sire or dam ? *¢ The principal maladies in the horse, capable of be- ‘defective..organizations, splints, spavins, ring-bones, curbs, tendency to.contraction of the feet, and Dear also disease of the eyes and respiratory organs. ~ Of this we have daily occular demonstration, together with the testimony of the best veterinary pathologists. The im- provements which have taken place in the different breeds of animals, show clearly how much we have un- dercommand, by judicious crossing, size, form, action, disposition, .&¢., and.tendency to health or disease. Knowing all this, of what vital consequence it is to aVoid all defects in animals intended to breed from. Let us ‘not forget the old saying, ‘‘ that like begets like;”?: and not continue to. do as too many of: us have done, year after year, breed from animals possessing the seeds of ‘disease, and almost every bad quality, evident to the - most casual observer. ‘We'should also give our especial attention to the breeding of such.a class of horses as combine, in the greatest degree, the desirable qualities of power and speed—add to these, sufficient size, met- tle, and docility of disposition, with proper ‘symmetry of form, and compactness—strong, clean, hard. bone, _ and tough hoof—and we have the most:desirable horse for general business, and one that will always command a good: price in any market. The muscles and tendons should be well developed, for the strength of an animal does not depend so much upon the size of the bones as on that of the muscles. ‘Many animals with large bones are weak, their muscles being small. -How much better for us to take pains and endeavor to raise good horses, than by carelessness to continue to inundate the country with deformed, diseased, worthless scrubs. It certainly - costs as much, and even more, to raise poor, inferior ani- mals, besides the mortification of having such a drug on our hands. The name ‘* Western horse,” might be a passport to any market, if we would only pay sufficient attention to judicious selection in breeding. | “Tt is true, it would be difficult..to. procure animals without some defect; but our aim shgnid be onward, ‘and we should make use of every reasonable exertion to select such as eome nearest to the desirable standard. ‘¢ The first and most important step towards improve- ment, is to select the right kind of mare, full of health and vigor. Youatt says it is more difficult to select a good mare to breed from, than a horse, because ‘she should possess somewhat opposite qualities. In order to improve the form of the offspring, she should be pro- portionally larger than the stallion; her carcass should be rather long, to give room for the expansion of the “ feetus—yet with compactness of form, and shortness of leg, chest: roomy, shoulders oblique and deep, withers well raised, girth large, loins broad, and quarters wide, ‘shanks flat and clean. The muscles and their append- ages (the tendons) cannot be too prominently developed -in the brood. mare; however desirable, or even perfect may haye been. the conformation of the sire, every good point may be neutralized or lost by the defective struc- . ture of the mare. The essential points should be good in both parents, _ or any minor defect in either-must be got rid of by ex- cellence in that particular point in the other. The care- consin State Agricultural Society, as published in its ing. developed: in their issue, sooner or later, are—all the cross between large, upright shouldered, overgrown horses and small mares, generally produce a race of long legged, small chested, spongy boned animals. ** It is also a well established fact, that to obtain speed, courage, spirit and bottom, with hardness of bone, we must have what breeders call a strong dash of blood; and we should.aim to get.as much blood as we can into the horse of all-work, consistently with the necessary weight. However, in doing this we should avoid the long-legged, narrow-loined, pot-gutted, degenerate class.of race horses, and endeavor to select such as are well formed, with sufficient bone, body and muscle, and shortness of leg, to enable them to bear up under long continued and severe exertion. Diomede, Sir Archy, Medley, and other far famed thorough breds, are said to have possessed these very desirable qualities in a pre- “eminent degree, and transmitted them largely to their offspring. ‘* It is said that. Lee’s celebrated legion, in the South, during the Revolution, chiefly owed its great efficiency to these qualities,and'the prevalence of blood in his horses. They were remarkable for their wonderful en- durance of hunger, thirst and fatigue, making them the terror and scourge of the enemy. According to the turf register, the blood- of the Lindsay ‘Arabian, once the property of the: Emperor of ‘Morocco, entered largely into these horses. With such well authenticated facts ‘before ‘us, we should feel fully impressed that we can “count on no permanent supply of desirable horses for saddle or harness, without.a portio of good blood, and a judicious and careful system of breeding. Always bearing in mind, that in order to produce the most per- fect: formed animal, plenty of nourishment is necessary from the first: period. of its existence until the growth: is completed.” ~ a The Horse Fair .at Springfield. Great preparations are making. for the “‘ National ‘Exhibition of Horses,” which isto be ‘held at Spring- ‘field, Mass., commencing on the 19th of this month, and continuing for four days. ‘We find the following list of ‘judges, &c., in the Springfield. papers : Board or JUDGES. ‘On Thorough-Breds.—Col. T. P. ANpDREws, New Orleans, Lou., Chairman: David Leavitt, Great Bar- Tington, Mass.; Eps. Seymour, Brattleboro, Vt.; John ‘B. Finlay, Saratoga Springs, N. Y.;-Joseph H. Bil- | lings, West Roxbury, Mass. ‘Stallions of T years.—Hon. Joun’M. Borts, Rich- - mond, Va., Chairman; Maj. James M. Hamill, Phila- delphia, Penn.; David Aiken, Greenfield, Mass.; S. F. |: Dupont, Brandywine, Del.; Col. Thomas Adams, Rox- bury, Mass. : Stallions 4 to 7 years.—MAnuon Corrriny, Montpe- lier, Vt., Chairman; Benjamin Thurston, Lowell, Ms. ; Warren Delano, Jr., Newburgh, N. Y.; James De Pre Perry, Bristol, R. I.; Frederick Watts, Carlisle, ‘Penn. Geldings. —Witi1am §. Kine, Manton, R. I., Chairman; 8. D. Harris, Columbus, Ohio; John §. Walker, Claremont, N. H.; J. F. S. Huddleston, Bos- ton, ‘Mass. e Dr. Al ‘Watson, Staten Island, N. ¥. Breeding Mares and Foals.—Lucius.M. SARGEANT, Boston, Mass., Chairman; Henry Hurlbut, Winchester, Conn.; Hiram J. Hartsell, Philadelphia, Penn. ; Thos. Motley Jr, Jamaica, Mass.; Norman Gowdy, West Martinsburg, Lewis Co., N. Y. Matched Horses.—Hon. Joun A. Kine, Jamaica, N. Y., Chairman; -Hon. Andrew Stevenson, Albemarle, Va.; Edward Harris, Moorestown, N. J.; Chauncey P. Holcomb, Neweastle, Del.; Horatio Sargeant, Spring- Ny field, Mass. Fancy Horses.—Gov. Antony CouBy, New Lon- don, N. H., Chairman; Josiah Crosby, North Andover, Mass.; John Holloway, Henderson, Ky.; Charles H. chester, N. Y. Colts.—Dr. E. Houmus, ‘Winthrop, Maine, Chair- man; Sheldon Pease, Cleveland, Ohio; Dr. F. Y. Por- cher, Charleston, S. C.; George D. Wheeler, Deposit, “Del.; James D. Wasson, Albany, N. Y. Farm or Draught Horses.—SamvurtL Mrpary, Columbus, Ohio, Chairman; George W. Nesmith, Franklin, N. H.; Henry A. Dyer, Brooklyn, Conn. ; Ezra Forristall, Boston, Mass,; Col. D. H. Abell, Geneseo, N. Y. } iN * Ponies.—P. T. Barnum, Bridgeport, Conn., Chair- .man; John R. Blake, Boston, Mass.; Dr. M. B. Mead, ‘Providence, R. I.; Benjamin F. Jackson, Saranac, Clinton Co., ‘N. Y.; Gen. ‘Samuel Veazie, ‘Bangor, GRAND AGRICULTURAL BANQuEt. On FripAy, the 21st,.a grand AcricuLTURAL FEs- TIVAL will be held upon the Exhibition grounds, under among whom may be named His Exeellency Gov. Cxuir- FORD, Hon. Rurus Cuoate, Hon. Epwarp Everett, Hon. Wiitiam H.-Sewarp, Hon. Joun A. Kine, ‘Hon. MarsHauu P. WinpeEr, and others. Addresses. will be delivered at the Tenton that day, occupying the remainder of the day after the dinner has. ‘been served. —p—— Another Sale of Imported Cattle. The Short Horned cattle, imported last summer by the “Madison County (Ohio) Importing Company,” were sold at auction, at London in that county, on the 27th of September, and brought the following prices : Buuts. Thornbury, White, 3 years old, Felix W.& Harness Renick, PIC CE BOOK owns cob es CeU sagas Case Geile gs $875 Sheffield, Roan, 3 years old, J. W. Robinson, Madi- WOE Oa. ob alin adeba amie Cicnani4ds heed cnt cheek ¢ 1,800 Mario, Roan, 2 years old, RobertgRead, Madison Co. 1, 550 Marquis, Red-roan, 2 years old, James Fullington, Sian obo 5%5 5 eth’ s Foc Ves beet) aake's 3,000 Starlight, Red-roan, 2 yéars old, Charles Phillips, MGI, CO : « ensinsinings eUNe » side cGepinesy avs 3,000 — «Beauclere, Red-roan, 2 years old, M. D. Creighton, edi, OO ov. ch4 nim cnet + Bs padadned ve 750 Symmetry, Light-roan, 2 years old, Walter Dunn, adison OO is dhde de ere ee te eee eee eee eee veers 1,150 Farmer’s Boy, Roan, 2 years old, Joseph Robinson, Madison Co.,..... aFeoedecses See. eee 925 ‘Prince Albert, Roan, 1 year old, John F. Chinowith, pO eT pp kG IF 300 Colonel, Red and White, 1 year old, Walter Dunn, Madison. Co.,. EOIN eh Wold decade wee eee Saas bveww 1, 350 Sportsman, Roan, 1 year old, James Foster, Madi- BOM UOu dca vids secu: 5 pasiae Ch ctks ps C OREN MES Coe 700 Prince Edward, Roan, 1 year old, M. B. Wright, MFO Oras has pinceecacndh ts Geet. 4a Cee 475 Rocket, White, 1 year old, David Watson, Union Go., 475 Splendor, Roan, 1 year old, F. A. Yocome, Madi- WMEN bate veers cogaxscbuess ts hee On Fovas coteh vt 500 Duke of Liverpool, Roan, 3monthsold,Geo.MeDon- ald, Madison Co.,....ecseeeseeess rere re _ 850 15 Bulls, average $1,160. each,........+0+0+5 817,400 "Cows. Victoria, Roan, 3.years.old, Quin Minchall, Madison SET as 6:48 wa 0s Git VA GUCMEAS AT, c6ae s Ke éva Wi 600 Picotee, Roan, 6 years old, Jesse Watson, Madison County,.....+ wiiids pteiecmmense * 9 <aacpesaaignas © se 1,275 Stapleton Lass, 3 years old, Jesse wo Madison County, . eeewene See ee er eee eee eee eee eee eeeee 1,350 ‘Princess, Roan, (a young heifer calf,) 2. months old, ‘William’ Watson, Madison Co.,.............000. 690 ‘Miss Hilton, Roan, 2 years old, David Watson, Mad- OE ROR er Cee ey ee, PROVES TT eae re : 875 Alexandrina, White, 2 years old, David Watson ‘Madison Co.,. 0. ..se0e eee ees ale VWAeiple ae oid sid wt. 560 Blossom, Roan, 1 year old, David Watson, Madison ‘County,...... sp Py eee = Meg he Se Peek cheeses 650 Yorkshire Dairy Cow, Roan, 6 years old, no pedi- gree, a great milker, Josiah Negley, Clarke Co., 425 Yorkshire Roan, heifer calf, 5: months old; on pedi- gree, Joseph Raybourne, Madison Co.,..... .... 205 § 9 Cows and heifers, averaging $746.67 each,.. “$6,720 24 head of cattle, averaging $1,005 each,.......... $24,120 * CoTswoLp SHEEP. 19 Ra ng, all yearlings, sold from $45: to $110 each, in all —averagin each. ‘ 7 Ewes, from $75 to 115 each, $655; average, $93.50-each ; ‘20 Sheep, average $69 each, $1,380. The sheep specula- tion only paid cost, hardly that. They were a fair lot, ‘nothing extra. ‘Surro.tx Pres. ‘1 Boar, 6 months -old; $200. 1 Sow in’ pig,'9:months old, $120; 1 Sow dodo, $200. 9 others, younger, from.16.t0:$80. The 12 pigs brought $918; average, $76.50 each. Cattle, TERTEEMERERE TESTE EET Tee eee $24 »120 Sheep,..s.... AWA ba 5 ide Us dad. ad Dimou 1,880 is \o% ann a 0k Nand bch Aba via Weak bee Cana 918 ‘ $26,418 —~—<——. Black Leg in Calves. Messrs. Ep1rors—I noticed a remedy for the “black leg in calves,” in the Country Gentleman of the 15th September, which, like many prescriptions'for the hu- man species, seems superlatively ridiculous ; mislead- ing the credulous and wonder-loving, without contri- buting to science or proving efficacious in the removal of ‘disease. . , We would like to inquire if the wpper side of the “tail would not angWer? or whether the introduction of ‘the clove or garlic into any other portion of the body, or even into the stomach would not do as well? Is the
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! rapid. traveling of the medicine from the tail headwards a,sure indication, of its happy remedial action? If so, we. trust that if “F.J.F.” should be attacked: with mortification of the hand, he will not complain if his surgeon should cleave a toe and, introduce a garlic, and leave him to the rapid remedial. action of. the same. What is sctence in the one case is so in the other. We have no remedy. to suggest, but.enter our decided protest against quack prescriptions, and mysterious and wonder-working manipulations, whether designed to be carried out. on man or beast. Mrapicus Che Dairy, Butter Making. : , ——y b The following good practical directions for the man- agement of milk-rooms, and for the manufacture of but- ter on a moderate scale, we copy from the article fur- nished the. Wisconsin Agricultural Society, by ALLEN W. Dovax,.of Hamilton, Mass., and which embraces: the best modes as practiced.in New England: Before the milk is.taken to the milk-room, it should be cooled. To effect this object, it is usual to let it stand in some cool place, in the pails. In some large dairies, however, it is strained into a. large vat, which does not stand in the milk-room;. and when considera- bly cooled, is drawn off into pans, which are set in their appropriate place. If milk, warm from the: cows, is taken in. large quantities to the milk-room; it imparts to it a higher temperature than is suitable for the keep- ing of the milk till all the cream, rises. The pans— those used in this region are now always of tin, though formerly earthen ones were. common—should not be filled more than half or two-thirds full; the hotter the weather, the less milk should be in a pan, as it. will cool the quicker. The milk should stand in these pans, carefully arranged: on shelves, until all the cream is risen, when it is skimmed. The time varies, according to the weather; from. thirty-six to forty-eight hours, may be taken as the usual period, with our best butter- makers. In the hottest weather, the milk sours before all the cream is risen. As.soon as: itis discovered that: the milk is soured, the cream should be skimmed off, as it is injured by remaining in contact with it. As little milk as possible should be taken off with it, in the pro- cess. By some experienced persons, it is: thought this souring of the milk is decidedly injurious to the quality. of the butter; but in the hottest of the weather it is extremely difficult, in the milk-rooms that are common in New England, to keep milk so as to.prevent its sour- ing before the cream rises. When skimmed, the cream -is kept in stone or earthen pots, in a cool place, till itis churned—care being taken to stir it daily, to prevent: ‘its moulding and acquiring an unpleasant flavor. Now as to the milk-room, where shall it. be, above or below. ground ? This isa highly important question, and perhaps the quantity and quality of the butter made on a farm depends more on. the proper location and con- struction of the milk-room, than upon any thing else. | In the neighborhood of Philadelphia, the very best but- ter region in all the country, spring houses are the most: approved. The floor of these-is of brick or stone, and the water is admitted at one end, and flows over it, so as to keep the pans immersed two or three inches, and passes off at the other side, the depth being govertied by a gate through which the water has its outlet. This, in hot weather, must be an excellent arrangement. But as suitable springs are not always conveniently situated — for this purpose, and as butter-making comprises only a part, and generally but a small. part, of the farm ope- rations in New England, it is usual here to build a milk- room on the north side of the cellar, flagging it with stones or brick, and carefully pointing the walls with mortar, so.as to. Keep:out all vermin. Shelves are placed around this room for the pans,and in the hottest weath- er the pans are placed on the floor, as being cooler than the shelves. Some persons make:a. practice of dashing cold water occasionally on the floor to cool the room—a worse practice could not, perhaps, be devised. The wa- ter leaves a moisture, which is extremely detrimental to the quality of the butter. In fact, the dampness which is generated in all cellars and under-ground vaults, greatly impairs the value of such places for milk to be churned into butter—what is gained in coolness, is over- balanced by dampness. The buter acquires a flavor—a an ip ui no after skill in management can change or estroy. In this conviction, it is now the practice of some of our best butter-makers to keep their milk above ground: For this. purpose, a suitable room is provided in the shadiest and coolest part of the house—one, into which hot air has but little’ access, either by the rays of the sun, or by passage ways leading out on the north side, let down at the top, during the night, will afford sufficient ventilation and serve to cool the room. It should, however, be covered with gauze or the most of the summer. is desired to have sweet and luscious butter. doubt that by the exercise of ingenuity, a house, im- penetrable to heat, might be built, and at small ex- ‘pense, somewhat after the fashion of our modern ice- houses, that in the hottest weather would keep milk sweet till the cream has all risen. its efflavia to the whole room. pride in having every thing clean and nice, and in being: herself the pattern of neatness, she has-not.the proper oors. A window - THE COUNTRY GENTLEMAN. yYyYYY Yaw LDL LELDFI LIF wire-screening, to keep out insects. In such a room, milk may be kept without souring till the cream rises, | In extreme hot weather, re- sort may be had to the cellar as the safest place, under the circumstances. From a fair trial of both ways of keeping milk, I have no hesitation in giving it as my opinion, that. a cool room above ground is decidedly preferable to one in the cellar, and that every reasona- ble effort should be made to provide such a room, and to make it.cool by shade trees and other means, where it T have no These houses are made with double sides, about. a foot apart, and the page between is filled in with dry tan—a non-conductor of heat; the roof is left with a space aloft for ventila- tion, while a double door precludes the. admission. of’ much hot air, on entrance to the house. In the milk-room the greatest cleanliness is indis- pensable. It being a cool place, sometimes it happens that other articles besides milk, cream and butter, are deposited in it for safe-keeping. But this is ruin- ous economy. Flesh and fish may keep there, but they taint the atmosphere, and leave a real sting behind, as the consumers of butter, to their sorrow, sometimes find. | A milk-room should be used only for its legitimate pur-. poses, and not made into an omnium-gatherum. So, too, the utmost neatness should be used in all the man- agement of the dairy—carefully clean and scald the. pans, the. pails, the jars, and serub off all drippings of. milk from shelves and floor in the milk-room. A drop of milk ina féw days grows rancid, and communicates But it would be difficult. to enumerate all the ways in which the dairy-maid should exercise cleanliness; suffice it to say, that if she has not a love of neatness, either innate or acquired—a: qualification for her duty—she has mistaken her calling, and the sooner she retires from it, unless she turn over an entire new leaf, the better for her, and the ‘cream, _ and the butter, that pass through her hands. In the large dairies of New York, the milk is churned without being set for the cream to rise. The advan- tages of this practice, I am unable to treat of, as. it does: not prevail in this section of the country. Cream only is churned here. The sour milk is fed out to swine, and for weaned pigs: no better. article of food can be used... In a, dairy of. ten. or twelve cows, it is more usual. to, churn but once a. week—though some farmers churn twice. In hot weather, it is a great object to have the butter come hard, as it can be more conveniently man-. ages, end is actually better, than when it comes soft. The cream, therefore, must be well cooled before churn- ing. It is sometimes placed in vaults dug in the cellar, and sometimes lowered in cans into the well. If the cream is. not cooled, it is. next to impossible, in very warm weather, to make the butter come hard, by the use either of ice or cold water in the churn, or around it. churn, is but.a partial remedy for the evil. The water will be more likely to become warm, than the cream to become cold—still, if the cream. is first cooled, the. cold. water operates to keep it cool. As to the varieties of churns, there are as many al- most as of plows. Many of them, and both of them, are mere innovations, and not: improvements. | In churns, there are two principles, the crank. and. the: dash, which makes the principal difference in. them. Each of these has its advocates; though the crank seems in New England, atleast, to have.superseded the dash-churn. All things considered, it may be doubted, whether there is any better churn than the old fashioned barrel-churn. The slats on the arms, however, should always be flat. aud not round, as the former offer more, resistance to the cream, and create. a. greater agitation of it than the latter. Where the dash churn is used, its operation may be facilitated, by attaching the han- dle with a:string to an elastic pole, inserted horizontally to the walls above, so as to operate as a.lever.in raising. the dash. Whatever description of churn is used, it should be such as will admit of the buiter being easily taken from it, and also of its being easily and effectu-. ally cleansed after using. Here, as in every.part of the. process, neatness is the cardinal virtue. When the butter is taken from the churn, it is work- ed, salted, and set in the milk-room for a day, when it is again worked over, so as to get out all the butter- milk; and, with us, put up in pound Jumps for market. Some people practice washing the butter in cold water before taking it from the ghurn; but the more general belief is, that water injures the flavor of the butter, and impairs. its keeping properties. The. usual method of working the butter here, is with the hands—hands which must be clean and cool. The contrivances of brakes. and other butter-workers, have not yet gained much favor with our dairy maids; if our dairies were larger, the necessity of the case might compel their in- troduction. The quantity of salt used is about an ounce to the pound; though the quantity is. not in general. regulated by. weight, but by the judgment of the dairy maid: Butter, when it comes soft, requires the use of The thermometer churn, which is so constructed that: | cold water may be kept between the two sides of the: |) PPD A ADADAPAAEIOOwrnwwvrnvsr ess more salt than that which is hard, as it will work out with the buttermilk. There are so many tastes in the community, that it is no easy task to salt butter so as to suit all. The great point is to salt it enough to have it keep, without salting so much as to injure its flavor. Purchasers of. butter are rather averse to buying too much salt in their butter. | Butter that is packed down for future consumption, or for. solesmogutree a different management. It re- quires more salt—and to ensure its better keeping, a little pulverized loaf sugar and saltpetre, is sometimes. added to the salt. It is usually put down in. jars or tubs, and in layers, between which is a. sprinkling of salt. The butter should be packed snugly in the firkin or jar, covered with a cloth, and then: with the. proper | cover of the vessel. It should be kept in a dry and.cool place. If it be kept in the cellar, it may be elevated a little from the floor by pieces of wood, to prevent its im- — bibing the moisture, and, consequently, the taint of the floor, There are but few. cellars that will keep butter well through the summer. In the vicinity of a market, it is best to sell it as it is manufactured, and not incur the hazard of damage by keeping it on hand. Stillit— must often happen that no immediate sale can be effect- ed, and then the judgment and experience will be called into exercise, to preserve the butter from spoiling. As. I: have little or no experience myself. on this point, I forbear to offer advice lest. I might mislead unintention- aily those who might follow it. One thing only I will observe, that no matter how well the butter is made in - other respects, if buttermilk is left in it, there is always a liability to become rancid and offensive. Salting will, not prevent its spoiling, unless it is made so salt as hardly to be eatable. Nor will all the care you may use in packing and storing, keep it from that deterioration which is sure to arise from the latent buttermilk. , Information Wanted, L. Tucker, Esq.—As a subscriber to the Cultivator for some years past I would fain ask a few questions, a reply to which some one of your numerous subscribers or correspondents perhaps will furnish. _ Which is the best way of steeping, grass-seed? I. have.sowed Jast spring both Lucerne and Orchard Grass, but as I could not.attend to it early in the season, I took the precaution. to sow both with. Buckwheat, thinking that the shading leayes of that plant would prevent the effects of drouth. The Lucerne. has come up,.well, and since the Buckwweat has been removed, is growing. nicely, but the orchard grass has come up very sparing- ly, which is owing, I suppose, to the seed not having been steeped. Is Lucerne liable to be winter killed ?. If so, would. it be advisable to cover with straw? « I have. noticed, on my young, apple trees. a; very. peculiar caterpillar; of which I. would send you a specimen, but. for its. perishable nature. It has a greenish white. body of aboui.three-eighths of an inch. in. length, and carries.on its. back a.shield of. avery, . soft brownish velvety. texture. I have never. seen. any of that species. before, and they are certainty very, peculiar.. Can you. furnish any name. to the beauty ? [The insect referred to, is, in all probability, the larva of one of the Cassidad@. ‘These larva are broad and oval, with a kind of fringe, composed of stiff prickles, surrounding the thin edges of the body, and a long forked tail, which serves to hold the ex- crement when voided; a mass of which, half as large as the insect, is often thus aécumulated. The tail, with its loaded forks, is turned over the back, and thus protects it from the influence of the sun, and proba- bly also from its enemies. ] Last fall I obtained from a seed store in New York, a peck of: what was sold for Golden Australian Wheat, at. the outrageous price of $4 per bushel. It was badly, winter killed, and what, survived turned out two kinds of. wheat. The. one ripened sooner than the other (which I take to be the genuiue,) and rust setting in, both had to be harvested, though the Australian was yet green: consequently it is badly shrunk; but I have sowed it again nevertheless, intending to give it a fair trialin this latitude. = pares It is really too bad, that our seedsmen allow them- selves to be imposed upon in this way, and injure their own reputation by selling an impure article for genuine, and at such a price. A. H.Kumuern. Sharon, Wis- consin, Sept. 20, 1853.
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_ prints of this character. PLL LLIN ‘Horticultoral Department. - The Horticulturist for October. The last number of this valuable periodical is full of interest. The frontispiece is a handsome ehgraving of that superb cherry, the Gov. Wood, colored (in the eol- ored edition) in a style fully equal to the best French An excellent practical leader points out the frequent errors committed in planting new grounds, and shows that the stunted and meagre | growth of grass and shrubbery results from a total neg- lect in the preparation of the soil—from the practice of. planting jirst, and then improving the ground after- wards, which is like building first and afterwards dig- ging the cellar and laying the foundation. ‘T'renching by the spade in small places, or subsoiling with the plow in larger ones, accompanied with a free admixture of manure, is recommended as the best preliminary for planting, in which also perfect drainage should not be omitted. ‘In our own grounds,” says the editor, “one portion of a small plot was trenched deeply before it was seeded, and it rejoices in the deepest verdure in all weather; another portion was not trenched, and _ when‘a month or six weeks of dry weather comes, as it did this season, it turns as brown as sole-leather.”’ We often witness the error pointed out in this article, of expending thousands freely in building a house, and a single hundred grudgingly in planting and in gardens. Preservation of Fruits. Several pages are devoted to quotations from foreign writers on this subject, and the importance of learning more, practically, in rela- tion to it, is urged upon the attention of commercial _ fruit raisers, now that much capital is becoming invest- ed in orchards. The quotation from Prof. DusriEt, on the subject of the degree of ‘maturity at which fruits should be gathered, although correct in the main, can- not be so in all its details, and especially where it is stated that “all stone fruits, except cherries, should be taken from the tree three or four days before their ab- solute maturity.” The finest mottled, ruddy cheeked peaches, that have fully ripened on the tree, are in- comparably better than those which have lain four days within doors to soften. The Ott Pear. This new variety, which at Phila- delphia is esteemed as the best flavored summer pear, is figured and described from specimens grown at Roch- ester. The editor says “it proves to be a very fair and excellent fruit, ranking with the best summer pears— the flesh rather coarse, melting, rich, and perfumed, with o-enintomna of the flavor of the Seckel—will, we think, Be a generally esteemed amateurs’ pear, but will be found too small for our markets generally.” Early Tillotson Peach. A North Carolina corres- pondent states that the Early-Tillotson ripened with him two days before the Serrate Early York, or July 18th, and that it fully sustains its high reputation. On another page we are informed that in a large orchard between Rochester and Lake Ontario, it has proved a total failure. In most places, however, in western New- York, where we have seen this peach in bearing, it has succeeded finely, and proved the highest flayored va- riety of its season. On our own trees, kept well short-, ened back, the fruit is often a crimson globe two inches in diameter, but the tree must be fully exposed to the sun. Throughout several of the southern states it has been uniformly reported as of great excellence, and we have no doubt will prove so through the rest: At the north, it can never become popular, not only because it is hard to raise in the nursery, and the nurserymen consequently dislike it; but also on account of the fre- quent mildewed fruit under ordinary management. The Nimrod Strawberry, is reported in. the foreign notices, on the authority of the Gardener’s Chronicle as superior to the British Queen, of the same color, but sweeter and richer, and that it is said to be hardier, and an excellent bearer. LLP DL LILI I Its hardiness vould recom- < mend it for trial in this country. . THE COUNTRY GENTLEMAN. mS PII The Curculioits Habits and Ravages. [The following, long as it is, will be read with inter- est, by all who have suffered by the ravages of the cor- culio. It is a more’ accurate notice of the peculiar characteristics of this enemy of the plum, than we have heretofore seen. |. The Curculio is just now a subject of especial inter- est to all fruit cultivators. Many of our horticultural friends seem utterly despairing in reference to his dep- redations. Others continue hopeful, in full confidence that. the nostrum last discovered is sure to gain the mastery over him, notwithstanding the entire failure of the ninety-nine other certain “remedies’’ and “ pre- ventives,’ which have been successively tried. If it will not be inflicting too much upon your readers, I too, have my notions to offer in regard to his Turkship. The habits of the Curculio are yet but partially un- derstood. Even our most carefully observant entomolo- gists are not fully acquainted with him. How the in- sect travels is an especial mystery. It is well known that it has the ability to fly, yet it uses its wings so seldom as to induce the belief by many that it never flies; and probably not in one case ina hundred, or perhaps a thousand, will it use its wings to escape cap- ture. If, however, the insect be dropped from a little height during the warm sunny part of the day, it will be found that it seldom reaches the ground—having spread its wings during the fall. ) that its locomotion is accomplished mainly or wholly upon its wings for moderate distances only, guided by its instincts toward such fruits as suit its tastes. The modus operandi of the Curculio in puncturing the fruit and laying its eggs, has never been correctly understood. I claim the discovery of the insect’s hab- its in this particular. | None but a careful, close observer, will succeed even | in getting a sight of the insect; and many cultivators of fruit, though they have frequently heard of Curcu- lio by name, and are familiar with the destructive effects of his operations, have still no personal acquain- tance with the Turk. Well, then, let such as are de- sirous of making his acquaintance, take a position under a plum or apricot tree on any calm pleasant afternoon in the latter partof May. After first having observed the peculiar crescent cut on the young, fruit indicating the presence of the devastator, survey care- fully each individual fruit on some branch. Your eye will probably soon be arrested by a dark brownish ob- ject, say three-sixteenths of an inch long, resembling a withered flower bud of the tree, and so closely resem- bling it as, by the unpracticed, to be passed over as such withered bud. But watch it a little longer and a little closer; you will probably find that it is curculio- himself. Take hold of the branch and hold it nearer to your view—there he is sure enough; at his deadly work—sober and deliberate ; he makes no hasty move- ment, but quietly and steadily proceeds with his work, (or rather with her work, for the operator is a female,) apparently unconscious of your presence. Watch close- ly the process of the work, and you will see that first the insect forces its proboscis gently, yet steadily, into the fruit perhaps the twentieth part of an inch, making a round hole -about as large as would be made by a fair sized pin; it then turns round, and, placing. its posterior extremity over the puncture, remains in that position from one to two minutes, during which time an egg isdeposited. The insect then turns round again and forces the egg into the hole with its proboscis. It then commences slightly at one side of the previous puncture, and cuts, a little deeper than before, the pe- culiar crescent cut which is the mark characteristic of the insect, and the only one afterwards obvious. This crescent mark is cut so asito place the curve partly around the puncture in which the egg is deposited, so as to place the egg midway in the arc of the circle formed by the curve, and about one-half its radius from it. It is also cut in a direction slanting just un- der the point occupied by the egg. The whole opera- tion occupies from five to ten minutes. If the observer My own belief is, | will, with a pointed knife or his thumb nail, remove the small lip-like piece of the- skin and.flesh of the plum formed by this cut, any time within three or four days after it is made, he will remove the insect’s egg and save the fruit. The egg may not be readily dis- covered, but on opening carefully the little piece of the plum removed, it will be found—a whitish minute affair about’ the size of an onion seed. If left from five to seven days it hatches, producing a small whitish worm, which makes its way with astonishing rapidity to the centre. of the fruit, around the stone, or through it if soft, destroying its vitality. The fruit consequent- ly detaches from the tree and falls to the ground; the worm then emerges, takes to the earth, where it goes through its transformations from larvae to pupa, and- from that to the perfect insect, armed and equipped for the work of destruction like its parent. Downing states the egg to be invisible, which arises, doubtless, from the common impression that it is deposited at the bottom of the crescent puncture, which, as we have seen above, is not the fact. It is invisible, because not looked for where it actually is; and herein is seen the wonderful instinct with which the insect is endowed. If the-egg were deposited at the bottom of the crescent cut, the growth of the fruit, and the partial drying of the part inside the circumference of the cut, would draw away that part and open the cut so as to throw out the egg, and thus defeat the object of the insect, viz: the propagation of its species-and the sustenance of the young larvae when hatched. Instead of this, the egg is deposited in the previous puncture as before stated, which is afterwards cut round, and partially under, leaving the egg in the little lip formed there- by, which, by the after-growth of the fruit, draws away from the wend, aehatning the egg firmly in its place. I am,of the opinion that no remedy is effectual to deter the cureulio from its destructive work, short of extermination. He seems to laugh at all attempts to drive, him off by nauseous smells, or to trap him by such contrivances as tar, cotton, &c. Lime, ashes, plaster, sulphur, &c., he will not deign to turn up his nose at. A vigorous war of extermination—carrying the battle into the enemy’s camp and showing him no quarter when you have him at advantage, is, in my judgment, the only course which will avail to save our fair crops of apricots, plums and nectarines, and event- ually, very likely, our cherries, peaches, apples, pears, &e. Nothing yet seems to accomplish the work so well as jarring the trees, catching the Turks as they fall in sheets or cloths spread for the purpose, and executing the death penalty upon the captives by the most’ sum- mary process. During the past summer I have studied somewhat the habits of the curculio, and have experimented con- siderably with him. The insect is exceedingly tena- cious of life. I have placed half a dozen of them in a small glass phial corked tight so as to, exclude air, and without food of any sort, for three days/ at the end of which time I put in a green apricot, when they went to work puncturing and laying their eggs. The same insects lived in the bottle over a week, without - - air only occasionally as the bottle was unstopped to examine them. ‘I placed half a dozen of the rascals in a bottle with enough sublimated sulphur nearly to envelop them; they stood it three days, when I concluded they want- ed air, uncorlted the bottle, standing it upright, and placed the cork upside down over the mouth at night, in such a manner that they must lift the weight of the cork while climbing up the smooth neck of the bottle before escaping, which I judged they could not do. The scamps tumbled off the cork and had vacated their sulphurous tenement before morning. While in durance, I also tried them with a green apricot, which they attacked with as much composure, after its being rolied in sulphur, as if fresh on the tree. The same process exactly of puncturing, then laying the egg, crowding it in, and then cutting round it, was pursued as when the fruit is on the tree.
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TH A half dozen were also placed in a bottle with suffi- cient very pungent snuff nearly to envelop them, and the bottle corked tight ; making an atmosphere that no snuff-taker could stand for half an hour. They stood it three days, when they “gin out.” The insect has seemed with me to show a marked preference for the apricot over any other fruit. Plums and nectarines are treated with comparative neglect, when sufficient apricots offer. I find that violent jarring the apricot is apt to knock off some of the finest fruit, owing to its short stem and fixed position. The plum, owing to its flexi- ble stem, does not suffer in this way. From present experience, I come to the following conclusions regarding the curculio: 1. All remedies or preventives short of actual slaugh- ter, will prove ineffectual to check its depredations. I have tried pretty thoroughly for years, nearly all the nostrums recommended by various horticultural writers in the hope of being able to find some patent medicine remedy, but so far entirely in vain; and what prospect the future offers of success in this direction, may be judged of by the experience herein narrated. 2. Such applications as white wash (with or without sulphur), powdered lime, ashes, plaster, cotton about’ the trunks of trees, tar, nauseous smells of fermenting manures, &c., &¢., ad infinitum, may give hopes of suc- cess, from the fact that most of these applicationsim- pede the facility of the insect’s operations, and it will pass over trees to which these applications are made, provided there is in the immediate neighborhood sufli- cient fruit for it to expend its incubating energy upon, which has not been treated to any of these applications. But if the insect is very abundant :. or if all your fruit and that of your neighbors be treated to these applica- tions, my own experience inclines me to the belief they will not, any.or all of them, sensibly check its destruc- tive work. I wis among the first to try and recom- mend the use of white wash, and with apparent success at first—syringing a few trees and leaving the others to the Turk’s mercy. But subsequent experiments im- press me with the belief that no confidence whatever can be placed upon it. Indeed I have found the cur- culio in trees so treated, himself covered with white- wash, at work on fruit coated in the same manner, with all the composure and equanimity imaginable. In fact his Turkship is a connoisseur of tender and smooth skinned fruits. He takes first those that best suit his purpose, leaving those less desirable till after—in the same manner as peaches on account of their rough skin, and the coarser plums are neglected until all the apri- cots, nectarines and finer plums are punctured; but these are sure to be taken in their due order, provided there are not enough of the fruits he-most delights in to serve his purpose. In my judgment they are left simply because the coating of whitewash or other ap- plication, and the downy surface of the peach, render the puncturing process less easy to the insect, and not. from any quality which repels him. 3. From the foregoing will be seen the importance of all cultivators of stone fruits taking active and simul- taneous measures to destroy the insect ; and thus so lessen their numbers, as, by annual watchfulness, that our finer stone fruits may not become a subject of historic » record only. The Turk is increasing upon us rapidly. But few years since in the neighborhood of Albany, the plum and other stone fruits were thought proof against him. Now, without the utmost care and daily atten- tion, he takes all. I have succeeded this year for the first time in three or four, in saving a full crop of Apri- cots, Plums and Nectarines, by daily jarring the trees in the early morning with a sheet spread under them, and killing the insects that fall. This, kept up daily for about two weeks of the last of May and early June, was found so to thin the enemy’s ranks that hardly ong could be found. Some four hundred of them suffered death in this way in my garden—a moderate sized city one, the past season. This, though an old fash- ioned matter-of-fact process, which I had been loth to 4 LN LE iw adopt. before in the hope of discovering some. alchymic application to destroy or repel the scamp, I am now satisfied is the only course. All others so far, suggested in any quarter, are utterly hopeless; unless it be hogs and hens, in which I have some faith, and which are but another process for accomplishing the same end ; but which are impracticable in most cases, and wholly so in all city gardens. Paving too, even if effectual, is equally impracticable on anything like an extended | scale, and though it may deter the insect from attack- ing the trees which are paved under, does not lessen its numbers. My friend Faunestocx of Syracuse, I notice has great confidence in the discovery of the Hon. James Mattuews of Coshocton, Ohio, as affording a remedy, patent-medicine-wise. Of the efficacy of this, as I am not let into the sscret, I am unable to judge. That it may prove effectual and practicable, is most sincerely to be wished.” That it wild do so, is with me—one of the doubters—hardly to be hoped. But to hasten the denoument of the secret, I hereby offer the discoverer a premium of Ons Hunprep Doitars for the discoy- ery, provided. it be found practicable, and cheap in its application, as compared with the expense of jarring and catching the insects; and effective from a single application annually—to be decided by a competent committee of the Albany and Rensselaer Horticultural Society, after atest of three years. The discovery then to be published free to the world. C. P. Wittiams. ‘Albany, Oct. 1853. —— Cincinnati Horticultural Society. This flourishing society held its annual exhibition on the 21st, 22nd, and 23rd of September, which proved a complete triumph. It was agreed on all hands that this was by far the best exhibition that has ever been held in the west; and it speaks well of the skill and taste that is brought to bear on this refining and delight- ful pursuit around our Queen city; and that it is duly appreciated by her citizens, is abundantly proven by the way in which they flock thither, both morning, after- noon, and evening. | ; To attempt to enter into detail of the extensive and varied products exhibited, would take up far too much of your space. I shall therefore confine myself to its leading features of interest and attraction. | ‘ The spacious hall itself was handsomely decorated with evergreen wreaths, gracefully suspended in vari- ous directions, and wound spirally round the columns, all done by the hands of the fair daughters of Cincin- nati. But the great centre of attraction was the far- famed and noble lilly, the Victoria Regina—the first plant and the first flower of this noble aquatic ever grown west of the mountains, the honor of which is due to Mr. Jomn SAyeERS, to whom great praise is also due for his exertions in procuring and growing this vegeta- ble wonder. A large basin, ten feet in diameter, was prepared to receive it, and two of its enormous leaves placed floating on the water, one of which measured 6 feet 3 inches in diameter, the largest.on record. The fine flower was burst open premaiurely in order to grat- ify public curiosity; consequently it was not'so large as it would otherwise have been. A special premium of $50, was awarded for it. . The collections of plants were very extensive, choice, and in excellent condition, there being several very large contributors of Stove and Green-house plants, Roses, Verbenas, Petunias, &c. Cut flowers, consisting of Roses, Verbenas, Dahlias, &c., were also there in profuse abundance—the latter in much better condition than wss at one time expected. : But the fruits—they were indeed magnificent. Two long tables, running the whole length of the hall, filled with the finest samples of the best kinds of fruits. The display of apples was exceedingly fine; so also was na- tive grapes. Of vegetables there was a very meagre display, owing probably to the dryness of the season. | Among the more noticeable things, were an immense’ Cornucopia, suspended over the door as you entered, / pouring out its rich treasures—a model design of Ovedl COUNTRY GENTLEMAN. LNA ad Nd Flushing, Oct. 3, 1853. mental Grounds, by J. & I..Jackson—a model of a Geometric Flower Garden, called the ‘‘ True Lover’s Knot,’ and planted to represent the massing system, by F. Pentianp, gr. to N. Longworth, Esq. This attracted a dood deal of attention. A pair of models of -ornamental Buildings, which were very pretty, by Hr- ver, Rice & Co.—a handsome pair of Grass Bouquets, two feet high and 18 inches through, from the Misses Orance—four splendid rustic tubs, from E. Kenny & F. PentLanp—~a black Hamburgh Grape in pot, having _ 5 bunches of more than average size on it, from C. San- DERS, gr. to J. Longworth, Esq.; also some very large Beets and Mangel Wurzel, from the same—ihree im- mense Egg Plants from Mr. Munn, Louisville, and many other very good things. Altogether this has been one of the most successful and satisfactory exhibitions, both to the public and the members, ever held in this city. C. 8S. Cincinnati, Sept. 23, 1853. ——— Strawberries. In reply to K. Norris’ question, in your October num- ber, asking the name of some productive large fruited — strawberry “that will hull in picking,’ I name the Hudson as precisely what he desires. There are five or six other varieties which have the same properties, but I do not recall their names positively. I think, however, that the Moyamensing Pine, Triumph, and Cornucopia, are among the number. Wm. R. Prince. aL ee ; Elardiness of Apple Trees. In Wisconsin and other portions of the north-west, it is well known that young apple trees, and sometimes older ones, are liable to disaster from the peculiarities of the soil and climate, more especially if not grafted or © worked at the surface of the earth. The following list of the different sorts in cultivation there, and the results of the experiments made upon their hardiness, are given by F. K. Puopnix, of Walworth county, in that State: ‘¢ Varieties, which though they may sometimes suc- ceed when root grafted, have ffroved with us tender and untrusty on the root.—Baldwin, Esopus, Spitzenburg, Roxbury Russet, Hubbardston Nonsuch, Rambo, Bul- lock’s Pippin (or American Golden Russet), Maiden’s Blush, Jersey Sweet, R. I. Greening, Spice Sweet, Brabant Bellflower. io : _ ‘Varieties that are rather tender the first year or two, but afterwards pretty safe on the root.—Early Harvest, Golden Sweet, Fall Pippin, Vandervere, Pomme Gris, Drap D’Or, Winter Pearmain, Carthouse, (or Red Ro- manite), Northern Spy. ‘‘ Hardy sorts.—Red Astracan, Sops of Wine, Duch- ess of Oldenburg, Early Red, Harvest Red Streak, Caro- lina June,’ Fall Orange, Hoss Apple, Monstrous Pippin, St. Lawrence, Autumn Strawberry, Autumn Swaar, Bailey or Edgerly Sweet, Pound Sweet, Fall Wine, Yellow Bellflower, Flushing-Spitzenburg, Domine, Pre- gor Red, Rawle’s Jannet, English Golden Russet, Blue Pearmain, Perry Russet, Seek-no-further (Westfield), Talman Sweet, Wine-sap.” eR pre Heading Cabbages in the Winter. A friend and correspondent complains to us, that his cabbages do not manifest any disposition to form close and*compact heads, and inquires what he shall do with them. We would advise him to let them stand the usual time, and if they are not sufficiently formed then, to give them a chance to head during the winter, by adopting the following plan:—: ° : Dig a trench on the side of a hill, say a foot wide, and twodeep. Let it slope down hill sufficiently to drain off any water that may chance to find its way in. Put a layer of straw on the bottom. Pull the cab- ~ bages up by the roots, close the leaves together, and place them in the trench, head down, and roots up. Place some straw between .them and the sides.of the trench. Then take a couple of boards and set them over the trench so as to form a roof, and cover the whole over with earth. In this way we have caused cabbages to form good heads during the winter, and take them out for use in the spring. By putting them — down roots up, you prevent any dirt from getting in among the. leaves. If the water gets in and stands among them, they will be in danger of rotting —Maine Farmer. Se VINEYARDS IN CALIFORNIA.—In Los Angelos coun- ty are 105 vineyards, containing 450,000 vines, each of which produces, on an average, five pounds of fruit. The grapes are of the most delicious quality.
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THE COUNTRY GENTLEMAN. ' Seraps from a Naturalist’s Note Book. It is a’ well known fact, that these animals are not possessed of suction feet, like the fly, consequently they are unable to counteract gravity, by walking © upon walls and ceilings, without the aid of their webs. In accomplishing this feat, it is curious to observe the careful manner in which they proceed, and the pre- cautions their admirable instinct“suugests for their protection. A few days since we were considerably Che Fireside, : PPO moon p: “The Funeral of a German Student. — Rene cae RET: “attended the funeral of a Gorman stud co Sct mber of the University. Tt was | Tae Amerrcan Hotty—Tlex opace of Aiton. Per- | haps there are but few plants that assist in rendering to the wood and forest scenery of our country more beauty, and peculiar usefulness, than this small tree. Though generally small in size, it sometimes, in fa- vorable situations, is found to attain to some consider- fe aaa sight to our American eyes. The yale ‘y news of his death had reached us a day. or: two before, and this morning we heard that he was to be -borne to his grave. Crowds of peoplewere collected in front, of. his. lodgings, as- if expecting some great dis- play. ‘First, there was the hearse, unlike those black wooden boxes one sees in our country; it was much larger, and there was no cover over it; somewhat like -a platform on wheels; on this the coffin lay exposed, only covered by a black velvet pall with white silk fringe. On the middle of the coffin were laid his sword and corps-cap, the tokens of his society and its honors. On the head of the coffin were laid friendly wreaths of ivy and everlasting flowers. The hearse. was drawn by four white horses with plumes, and in front of these, with slow and solemn step, clad in the “habiliments. of woe,” walked a tall female, veiled to her feet, the public mourner, whose duty it is to attend upon the preparation of the corpse and marshal its way to the tomb. After the hearse came one coach in which the officiating priest rode alone; then a long procession, two and two, mostly composed of students, nearly two -hundred in number, with their society caps, swords, badges, insignia, &c., headed by a band of music play- ing a slow dead-march. The long procession moved slowly through the narrow streets, out the western gate toward the burying-ground, or ‘“ God’s acre,” as is the literal translation of their word for it; and then when ‘they had come to the newly-made grave, all standing around bare-headed in the gathering twilight, the priest made a few remarks touching the life and character of the dead, a short prayer, and then quite a lengthy sermon to the living, standing thus on the brink of his grave, and then slowly, as the chant of the dead was sung by his comrades, the coffin was lowered to its last resting-place, while the band played softly a sad and melancholy dirge. The father, old and gray- haired, with trembling step, moved forward and cast one handful of earth upon the coffin, and the crowd de- parted from the ground, forming again at the gate in procession, headed by the band, which now struck up a series of lively airs, waltzes, polkas, redowas, quick marches, &c., in loud and lively tones, and to its mu- sic they marched again into town, on through the crooked streets to the Aula, or Senate-hall of the Uni- versity, formed then a large semi-circle about tle sta- tue of George the Fourth, the founder of the univer- and all joined in the first verse of the “‘Gaudeamus,”’ which runs thus :—" Gaudeamus igttur juvenes dum sumus, Post jucundum juventutem ; Post molestam senectutem, Nos abibit humus, The translation of which is: Let us rejoice while we are young; for after the pleasures of youth, after the troubles of old age, we all shall be laid beneath the earth. It was sung slowly and sadly, and the gray old ‘walls of the University buildings echoed and re-echoed the solemn sounds poured forth by such a multitude of manly voices in unison, under the broad canopy of heaven, to commemorate the departure of one of their number, and as the last sounds died away in silence, each took his departure to his home again; and alone in the still night air stood the stern bronze statue in the middle of the plaza, cold and immovable as the dead in yonder grave. F. E. D. Newport 1n Aveust.—Given—a large house, mu- sic, piazzas, beaches, cliff, port, griddle-cakes, fast horses, sherry-cobblers, ten-pins, dust, artificial flow- ers, innocence, worn-out hearts, loveliness, black-legs, bank-bills, small men, large coat-sleeves, little boots, jewelry and polka redowas ad libitum, to produce August in Newport. —Putnam’s Magazine. to the interest of its foliage. sity, which stands in the centre of the large square, able magnitude, and even to a great height. With us it grows not profusely, but may not unfrequently be met with growing on open grounds, in light woods, and in dry sandy or stony soils, easily to be recognised by its peeuliar pyrimidical form, its brilliant evergreen. foliage and the singular appearance of its leaves; and color of its berries. Its erect trunk is clothed with a smooth bark, of an ashen grey color, much resembling that of the beach, but somewhat lighter. On the older trees, it is usually overspread with variously colored lichens, which often give to it a very picturesque and beautiful appearance. The branches are nearly hori- zontal, andthe redent shoots are of a yellowish or olive grey color, covered by a slight downy powder; which afterward becomes of a clear gray. It is most generally to be found: growing in company with the tupelo, the black oak, the red maple, the yellow birch, and the cedar. The leaves are beautifully arranged, and most sin- gularly formed, which ‘last circumstance adds greatly They are evergreen, and connected to the smaller branches by short foot- large teeth, each one terminating with a rigid spine; they are of a leathery texture, smooth and of a shin- ing appearance above, and paler, or of a yellowish green color, with bright green veins beneath ; at their base, ‘particularly when recent, are placed a pair of awl-formed brownish stipules. The flowers are white, though not conspicuous; these are succeeded by numerous beautiful red berries, which remain attached to the branches long after the severities of the winter have taken place. circumstance in connection with that of its retaining the bright green leaves through the year, which ren- ders this tree so interesting an object to behold during the dreariness of that season. Its leaves are seldom touched by an insect. It ison these accounts that the American holly is so highly deserving of cultivation as an ornamental tree. It: greatly resembles in appearance the holly of Europe, which makes more durable hedge than any other tree, and when once established, is easily kept in repair at a much less expense, the only objec- tion being the slowness of its growth. It is propa- gated by either the seeds or plants taken from the woods, the former of which, however, do not germin- ate for more than a year after sowing; they are in consequence kept in moist earth for a year after gath- ering, at which time they are to be sown at the depth ‘of a quarter of an inch in a fine soil. The wood of the tree is heavy and compact, con- taining a white alburnum and brown heart. Its grain is fine and compact, hence it is very brilliant when polished. Its principal use is for inlaying mahogany furniture, and the black lines with which cabinet- makers sometimes adorn their work are of holly dyed in the coppers of the hatter. When perfectly dry, this wood is very hard and unyielding, hence it may be applied to many highly useful purposes. Linneus. Our spiders are beginning to feel the chill- ing influences of the weather, and may not unfre- quently be met with crawling away to the angles of ceilings for the purpose of depositing their eggs. These they cover with a loose white silken web, which effectually protects them through the severities of the approaching winter, until they become hatched in the succeeding spring. claws. in the fall and winter seasons, by the light scarlet ' stalks and are ovally oblong in shape, acute at both. ends or somewhat angular at the base with several It is this. Tue Common House Sprper—Epeiradiadema of amused by witnessing one of them perseveringly mak- ing-his way, along an ordinary white washed ceiling, tho irregularities of which, enabling him to attach his He appeared to proceed with the greatest cau- tion ; previously to each step, carefully testing, if its claws had taken a sufficent hold to support its weight, and when in the least doubtful, it was seen that he firmly cemented to the irregularities of the surface a small mass of web. To this he attached a line, so that whenever he fell, which was not unfrequently, it was only for a few inches, the line soon enabling him to regain his former position. It was in this manner that he was enabled to proceed, slowly and aims along. J.E. October 6. —~——- es ape of the Country Gunite. ‘Lovisvinix, Ky., Sept. 22, 1853. Dear Warrex—On my way down the river from Cincinnati, I could not perceive many indications of improvement during the three years that have inter- yened since I last went over the same route. It is true that as much progress, both in wealth and in taste, had been made as in most parts of New-England within the same length of time; but after witnessing the almost magical growth and improvement of other por- tions of the west, I have come to consider slow all . places that do not keep up with this railroad speed. Lawrenceburgh, the county-seat of Dearborn coun- ty, Indiana, contains between ‘three and four thousand inhabitants, and has some fine resjdences upon the surrounding hills, but the main part of the town is so low as to be liable to inundation during extreme high water. As the Whitewater Valley Canal, from Cam- bridge, seventy-six miles in the interior of Indiana, terminates here after traversing some of the most fertile lands in the world, and also affords a most fine water power, I had hoped this place would look new and thriving, but such is not the fact. As the same cause has cast a blight upon other places along the river shore, between Cincinnati and Louisville, I perhaps cannot do better than present the fact at once, and the cause, and then shall here- after only need to allude to the condition of affairs. As a party were riding in the stage coach through a portion of Ohio and Indiana, an eastern man in an unusual inquisitive mood inquired of one who ap- peared to be a native, in regard to the agricultural productions, and of course was entertained with some rather tall corn stories. After having narrated to him the length of the stalks, the number of bushels produced to the acre, and the number of acres under cultivation, he naturally enough inquired as to what was done with such vast amounts of the golden grain. ‘Hoosier, who was apparently strongly under spiritual influence, with great gravity replied: ‘*The-most of it is made into whiskey, but a part of it is wasted’ by being fed to the hogs, or by being made into bread.’® . At Lawrenceburgh about one hundred and fifty bar- rels of whiskey are made daily, but as to the number of hogs or beeves that are poisoned by still-slops, or the number of families ruined by this whiskey, I am not able to give any information. Aurora, a little below, instead of appearing to be the “ fair daughter of morn,’’ as sung by the poet, is the prolific mother of nearly as large an amount of whiskey. Here:are slaughter- ed from ten to twenty thousand hogsannually. Rising Sun, nine’ miles below, in point of beauty outshines Aurora, and here, too, the spirit moves, doubtless causing a jolly amount of table turning, and tending to put its votaries in more immediate communication with the inhabitants of other spheres; yet it is to be feared the most.who are favored with this kind of
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spiritual visitation will descend to lower, in place of ascending to higher spheres. Vevay, the county-seat of Switzerland county, has not greatly changed since I last visited it, yet the Swiss who settled here so long ago as 1804, may well be commended for their steady industrious and sober habits. Here is demonstrative evidence that good pure wine, even when made in abundance and freely used, is not as destructive to habits of sobriety as hot corn whiskey. The Swiss do not mingle much with any but those of their own nation, and have not the restlessness of Yankees, but quietly cultivate the Cape grape, accumulate money, and when arrived at a good old age, as quietly pass into the grave. Madison is a fine compactly built town at the river terminus of a railroad from Indianapolis, and is a place of decided activity and business. this beautiful little city, and the present prospect is greatly in favor of the increased growth and improve- ment of it. From that place to Louisville I traveled in the night, and therefore cannot tell any thing in regard to the intervening villages. On the Kentucky side I was not able to discover any village or settle-— ment of any.account, and there was but one hopeful indication to be seen. A railroad has been located ‘between Covington, opposite Cincinnati, and Louisville, and a part of it finished, and although its progress is against the wishes of those residing on the line, I think the steam whistle must wake up the slumbering ones, and for once at least, make them open their eyes to the progress the rest of the world is making. Your readers are aware that the. village of Louis- ville, contains between fifty and sixty thousand inhab- itants, and that it is situated at the head of the Falls of the Ohio; but perhaps they are not all aware of some of the peculiar features of the city. The place is emphatically a business place, nearly every street ‘being bordered with shops, some of them very large, and filled with most varieties of merchandise. This business, however, does not tend to make the place either cleanly or beautiful. In many places the side- walls, for a long distance, are almost completely cov- ered with boxes, barrels, bales and packages, and the streets are filled with drays, or with old fashioned bag- gage wagons, having attached ‘to them four, six, or eight horses or mules, or more commonly a mixture of each. It is usual for the drays to be drawn with two animals, a mule in the shafts and a horse on the lead; and although the poor mule gives conclusive evidence in looks and bearing, that he is treated as an inferior to the horse, yet I cannot but conclude, if he was treated as kindly and fed and governed with as much care as his illustrious predecessor, he would show as much spirit and intelligence, and certainly greater powers of endurance. Unfortunately for poor muley, his father and grandfather, for many generations, have been of a degraded race, and have suffered from indignities and abuse sufficient to have destroyed less noble animals; while his maternal ancestors have mostly been such animals as were supposed incapable of bringing into existence any other offspring of the least value. . With such parentage, and such treat- ment, well may we wonder that the mule is of-any value, or possessed of any redeeming traits in his character; yet there are those here as large, as well made, as intelligent, and, excepting his auriculars, as handsome as any horse. I always had a liking, per- haps a fellow-feeling, for the mule, and since I have here renewed my acquaintance with him, my liking has increased, and he has wrought deeply on my sym- pathies. v I am confident that no animal is more perfectly adapted for most agricultural purposes, or will be found more profitable than the mule; yet the experi- ment should not be tried with inferior specimens like the most of them, but with those of good origin, and such as have been carefully reared and kindly treated. LPP ALPLAOYLU LOO I judge there must. be from ten to twelve thousand inhabitants in- with sides dropping fatness, but plenty of well fed, The world is getting to learn that kindness and’ care, | THE COUNTRY GENTLEMAN. i a a bestowed even upon the lower wen pays far better than abuse and neglect: I do not know where these mules are reared, and as 1 have seen none of the pa- ternal ancesters of the race, I cannot tell what race they are of, yet from the specimens abounding in the city, I am confident there is as much difference among them in that regard as among the human population. Among the whites, there appears to be a greater diversity than in any northern city. Those of Ger-— man origin are apparently more degraded than any whites in New-England. They are stolid in their looks, slow and stupid in their motions, beastly in their habits, and dirty and ragged in their dress, hav- ing apparently.no pride of personal appearance, no : | desire for mental or moral growth, and no desire ex- cept to gratif: y their appetite for tobacco and whiskey, | and by low cunning and finesse in trade, to accumu- | late money. Of conrse this description, while it is true of the majority of this class, ‘admits of many ex- » ceptions; and is not wholly confined to those of Ger- | man or other foreign origin. The hard-shells of Ken- i tucky, are a peculiar race, yet. composed of many | original elements, and their influence to a certain The virtue which is next | rate plowing, and the prizes were well deserved. to godliness—cleanliness, is less practiced here than in | any place I have visited. I have already spoken of | extent is felt in all circles. the streets—they ‘are always filthy, almost asa mat- ter of course, and all the places of business, offices and | shops that I have visited, and I have visited many, | can boast of the same fashionable and easy neglige ; Although the Kentuckians are ational - in their political opinions, in their habits they are decidedly Freesoil, and a little too much so for a village. Its dimensions are over 200 feet in length | | by 50 in width, and 70 feet high in the centre. Correspondence of the Country Gentleman. | is really a wonder for the skill with which the natural ae ge | advantages are turned to. t. Messrs. Epirors—I date from the village of Great | _ ming Ste po. weootn Barrington, and when I say that it is one of the plea- santest spots of all this pleasant mountain land, those | appearance. taste. Yours, C. —~——o— Great BarRincTon, Mass., Sept. 30, 1853. who know anything personally of Berkshire county, will well understand that I cannot pay a higher tribute | to its beauty. The village is situated on a rise of land» that swells up from the flats of the Housatonic, and is | neatly built on either side of a long street, or rather | avanue, for it is lined and shaded by a growth of noble » old elms, some of which must have been silently root- In the full bloom - ing themselves here for centuries. of summer, and frou a little distance, the village seems completely embowered in foliage, with a faint glim-- mer from the white sides of houses, and brown roofs peeping out here and there. Southerly, Mount Wash- ington looms up, blue with distance, almost alone in its glory, and to the north Monument Mountain keeps watch and ward over a, multitude of hills, nameless, but fully grown and shaggy with rocks, with beautiful | slopes and vallies between, and the rapid flowing Hou- satonic, with its broad fertile meadows speaking elo- quently of abundant rewards for the toil of the hus- bandman. The whole landscape is by a master artist, and worthily framed with these huge hills. But I had not taken the pen to rhapsodize on Berk- shire scenery—though I cannot forbear a little enthu- siasm whenever the name is written or told—but to give you a brief account of the days we have just pass- ed—the dies dierum—the great days of this part of the world, the cattle show. The first day, Wednesday, was devoted to the ex- hibition of stock and articles of home growth or man- ufacture. The show ground of the stock was a plea- ant grove just without the village, and notwithstand- ing the misfortune of a rainy day, the pens were well filled with a goodly array of animals. There was no show of monsters, no huge oxen of incredible weight, sleek, comfortable looking cattle and stock. I noticed some fine horses, than which it would be difficult to find finer elsewhere. - The department of manufactures and domestic pro- ducts in the town hall, for some cause, perhaps the in- ‘and the lists were surrounded by.a “leys of Berkshire. L. clemency of the weather, was not well patronized, though there were many articles worthy of mention, if space would allow. There were some pieces of fur- niture, as flower stands, brackets, &c., wrought in . leather by fair hands, which were very tasty and well executed. . But oil iab the most attractive show, considering the rain, was of fruits and vegetables in the school- house hall. The room was tastefully, though not pro- fusely, decorated with flowers, and filled with a mouth- watering array of fruits from the air above and the earth beneath, monster beets and potatoes, corn ripe and golden, apples, peaches, plums, grap€s, melons of all sorts and colors, white, yellow, green, purple, and blushing red. ‘It was a sore trial for one’s meeey, look and taste not. Thursday morning opened with the plowing match. A fine meadow near the village was devoted to this object, and twenty-two teams entered the field as com- petitors for the prizes. The day was clear but cold, y.a shivering crowd, eager to note the exploits of the knights of the plow. The strife was gallantly waged. There was some first After the match an appropriate address was deliv- ered in the church by the Hon. Henry L. Dawes, of North Adams. The reading of reports was enlivened by some excellent singing and followed by a feast of good things. I must not fail to notice one object of interest to the farmers here, viz,a model barn which is being erected by Mr. Leavirt, upon his place about a mile from this The ‘expense when completed will be over. $20,000, and it A fine stream of water which flows through it will be used to drive all the machinery which can possibly be connected with ‘a farmery ; and there is hardly a task which mute la- bor can accomplish which will not be effected here by this agency. Some lovers of the-old, wag their heads wisely when the “great folly”’ is mentioned, but it reflects the highest credit on the liberality of the, pro- prietor, and the skill of Mr, Wilkinson, the gentle- PittsFiELD, Mass., Oct. 1, 1853. The cattle show had ended, and I wended my way up the Piedmont of America—Berkshire. The next village above Great Barrington is Stockbridge. It is a beautiful village, situated on an intervale of the Hou-- satonic and environed by green clad hills. Here it was that the celebrated divine, Edwards, labored, and here has always been the haunt of literary genius. From Stockbridge I followed the Housatonic to South Lee. The scenery is exquisitely beautiful all the way. I thought it very much resembled that on the banks of the Rhine, so often and so admirably de- scribed by travelers. On the right side of theiver a mountain rises abruptly several thousand feet, while on the left are smaller hills covered with groves. South Lee is situated in a pretty dingle and is chiefly a manufacturing village. / Next above South Lee is Lee, long noted for its pa- per mills. The scenery around it is not as wild and romantic as that about South Lee or Stockbridge. However, it is not without interest. The road. leading from Lee to Pittsfield is through a romantic valley. The Housatonic runs along the roadside, sometimes rapidly tumbling and then silent- ly meandering beneath the drooping branches of the forest trees. Away upon the adjacent hills may occa- sionally be seen a neat white farm-house and its ac- companying out-louses, and the cattle peacefully gra-_ zing on the surrounding meadows. Assuredly this is an inviting section for the tourist. Wearied with the cares of business ‘and the turmoil of . city life, I have found rest and recreation in = val-
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~ ‘THE COUNTRY GENTLEMAN. sen rf WENEKICESEREUCECES Me eENEPOEUGU ERE o>: \ Mey - Rustic Flower Standa. We have had occasion heretofore to remark on the frequent violation of good taste at our horticultural exhibitions, by forming solid, or apparently permanent structures out of flowers, that is, using flowers as ‘the building material, in the same way that stone, brick, and timber are used for common erections. A mo- ment’s reflection will show that this is all wrong, for flowers are, of all things, the most strictly decorative, and decorative only; hence the flagrant’ inconsistency of building a massive wall out of ornaments. A Co- rinthian column, lightly and sparingly wreathed, be- comes a beautiful object; but to attempt to build the massive portion of such a column of roses, would be extremely out of taste, because there would be a glar- ing unfitness of material. Hence the formation of temples, alcoves, human figures, or even baskets, of flowers, is decidedly improper, although temples and baskets may very fitly be ornamented with them. A basket handle merely, madé wholly of flowers, is for the same reason objectionable’; but if decorated with a wreath, it may become a beautiful object. Large stands of flowers, to be placed in conspicuous positions at exhibitions, contribute ‘greatly to their attractions, and ‘nothing can have a more agreeable effect than a tasteful combination of flowers and neat rustic work. The accompanying engraving shows one of the best arrangements of the kind that we have met with. The larger or principle stand is supposed to be about four feet high, and is executed with halved branches of trees with the bark on, in accordance with the usual and well known method for such structures. The flowers which it contains, are carefully and sym- metrically arranged, with enough of the looseness and freedom of nature, to conceal the art which has been employed in their arrangement, and to prevent that appearance of compactness and stiffness too often seen in pyramids and bouquets of plainly elaborate con- struction. The perfection of beauty is seen where ingenious groupings have been studied in order to produce the most agreeable effect, but where the art which has been employed ts concealed from the eye of the spectator, of which the great field of nature is continually affording innumerable instances. cothbadlibadentd Rural Scenes and Customs in the South of England,’ Some of the early years of my life were spent in a secluded village in Wiltshire, not very many miles from Salisbury. Plain. It was a lovely spot. Rich meadow-lands, with thick clustering elms and beeches, marked the course of a pretty rippling stream, called by courtesy ‘the river ;’ beyond, on each side of the valley, rose the softly-swelling downs, over which you might roam for miles together, with finest thymy turf below your feet, and the glorious heavens above you, without meeting with any obstacle in the shape of fence or gate to obstruct your passage. The village consisted of one long street, with cottages on each side; but not in a straight town-like row, for some stood a little back from the road, surrounded by gardens or orchards; and. others abutted on the street, presenting some pictu- resque buttress or gable, which effectually broke the monotony of the appearance which would have other- wise prevailed. Almost every house was clothed with roses, honeysuckles, or other bright flowers; and their roofing, composed either of dark thatch, or of the mas- sive stone-tile peculiar to that district, harmonized well PP PPP LBP PPP PLL LOD LLP ISP PLP PPP PPL LIL PPL LLP LLL ILI I with the coloring of nature, and gave a very pleasing appearance to the dwellings. _ The village of Stockdale boasted of but three gentle- men’s houses. A noble Elizabethan edifice, built of stone, and exhibiting the eight gables, large porches, and deep casemented windows, with their heavy stone mullions and tracery belonging to that period, was its pride; over one of the porches was a beautiful oriel window, an appendage to a splendid antique drawing- room, which formed one of the architectural boasts of the county. This house belonged to the lord of the manor. At the other end of the village stood the other two houses that I have named, one belonging to the clergyman, the other to an old widow lady. Both of these were good old brick houses, separated only by their respective lawns and gardens, and by the quiet church-yard, in which stood an old stone church. On an open rising-ground just below the gate of the church-yard, were the remains of an ancient carved stone cross, sheltered by a group of fine old lime-trees. It was a sparkling frosty morning in early winter, when from the windows of Mrs. Pryce’s house, which I have named as near that part of the village, I ob- served a great gathering of people under these trees, and around the relics of the cross. Business of a very exciting nature seemed to be going on there ; men and women in their working garbs were bustling about; and the, children, just freed from Miriam Doughty’s school close by, were clustering round, some with their hands -tucked under their arms, to keep them warm, others, frisking about like wild colts, running, leaping, and rejoicing. Suddenly the trees and the old cross, with those who stood about it, were illuminated with a glow of red light; long bright flames were seen to mount on high, licking the branches of the limes, and writh- ing and wave and flicker in the air, whilst-a burst of exultation rose from the bystanders. ‘ What are they doing? asked I: ‘what is it all about? ‘’Tis only, burning a pig, ma’am !’ was the amusing reply. I was much in the same state of astonishment as that which beset a learned judge of assize, when on one of his _ western circuits he found himself called on to sum up the evidence on a pig-stealing case, and could not satisfy his mind on some points of the evidence, which included a statement of a similaroccurrence. ‘Gentle- men of the jury,’ said he, ‘ I must leave it to yourselves to decide how far it is probable that a man would incur all this risk to obtain an animal with the sole purpose of burning it when he had done so.’ ‘Why should these people be such blockheads as to thus destroy their property ? thought I. ‘ Why perpetrate such a cruelty ?’ I, however, soon ascertained that it was not’ an auto-da-fe, and that the poor animal was not being burned alive; and throwing on my bonnet and shawl, I was soon in the thick of the throng. At first, the flames, which were continually fed by the lookers-on with handfuls of dry straw, obéured the object round which they were playing, and the smoke and flashes of fire which circled through the air prevented me from seeing what was going on; but anon the flames died away, and there lay poor piggy, stretched on a rude bier prepared for the purpose, his hide all clouded with smoke and dirt, and looking most dismal. I found, on inquiry, that it was no mystic rite which had been performing, but merely an ordinary utilitarian eperation. In Wilts and Hampshire, it is the custom te singe the hair from the carcass of the slaughtered pig, instead of cleaning it, as in other counties, by means of pouring scalding water over it, and then scraping out the bristles with a knife ; and it is this difference in management which in part makes the bacon of those counties so much preferable to that of Devon or Somerset, where the scalding process pre- vails. In country villages, the burning usually takes ¢ place at some one authorized spot, in order to avoid the danger of fire which might arise from the too close neighborhood of houses, and forms a sufficient reason for a gathering of the neighbors ; the whole scene is on such occasions exceedingly picturesque and amusing. A sheep-shearing custom in the same village was uite new to me, and as it may be also to my readers, will mention it. I had been staying a few days at the Great House, as the Manor House was commonly called, and one fine summer evening we walked to the farms to see the sheep-shearing which was going on. There are few among the ordinary country pursuits which furnish a prettier scene than that of sheep-shearing. The group- ing of the people; the many snowy sheep and lambs just relieved from their hot clothing issuing from the barn-door, and hastening to greet each other with their plaintive voices ; together with the other sweet rural sights and sounds which abound outside, are full of attractions ; and then the busy social parties within, the bustle and gaiety, the emulation which goes on among the shearers, and the merry chat of the binders, all tend to make you feel that the sheep-shearing cer- tainly is a very pleasant sight. In the barn where the people were at work on this occasion, was, as is usual, along table formed of boards placed on tressels run- ning nearly the whole length of the place, on which the fleeces were rolled and bound up before packing away. This operation is performed by women, some of whom wait on the shearers, and receive the fleeces
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vee vw PPPBPDLPA LOLOL LOL POPBPLPDPPOEOL IL LOL LD NINN __as they are cut off; whilst others are employed at the table in rolling and binding. Of course the men take great care to engage as their attendants those damsels in whom they have special interest; and of course, as may well be supposed, many a flirtation goes on at shearing-time, These groups are very pretty. Sometimes you will see some good old ‘John Anderson,’ waited on by the faithful old companion who has climbed the hill of life with him, and been his binder since they were like the lovingest young couple near them—a lad and lass who can neither of them have seen twenty summers, but who are now ‘keeping company,’ and almost too busy with each other to look after the work. Then, not far off, stands a buxom bright-eyed woman, proudly watch- ing the skill and dexterity with which her husband strips off the heavy fleece ; rarely has she to hand him the stick from the tar-pot for the purpose of plastering over any cuis in the flesh of the sheep he shears. But this boast cannot be made of the clumsy fellow who sits next, and who had, some three or four years back, vainly made suit for her,hand: he does not shear one whilst her ‘maister’ does three. ‘ He, indeed!’ she says: ‘my Paul’s worth ten of such as he.’ | As we walked from group to group, our attention was attracted by a whispering and tittering among the women, and a half-suppressed smile on the visages of the men, which indicated that some discussion had been going on which the arrival of the gentry had stopped. One of the best shearers, a handsome stal- wart youth, was looking dark and downcast; and the, bright eyes of Ednah Bray, a beautiful girl who was acting as his binder, and was soon to become his bride, evinced that she was not altogether happy. The young squire, who formed one of our party, and who was on that kindly footing with his father’s tenants which should always exist between the land- lord and the laborer, undertook to investigate the business, and a few inquiries soon brought the matter, to light. ‘ Well, sir, Ned Crook have a lets sheep goo, and the boys will have it a must be cheir’d, and Ned's main sore about 1t; that’s all ’tis, sir, said a merry- looking old man. There was no appeal from the sen- tence. Customs ifeountry-places are stubborn things ; and it was here a custom, from time immemorial, that any shearer who was so clumsy as to let his sheep slip from under his hands half-shorn, should receive the punishment of being carried in mock triumph through the village,seated in an arm-chair adorned with flowers, &c., and borne on the shoulders of h's fellow-shearers, much after the manner in which the newly-chosen members, of parliament, are,.or formerly were, chaired by their constituents thro’ the streets of the borough which they were elected to represent. Poor Ned Crook was a noted shearer, and had won the prize at a late agricultural nieeting; and how he came to suffer such an escapade, no one could tell. A slight surmise was afloat, that he had been so deeply interested in discuss- ing some knotty point with Ednah—possibly whether their bans should be put in next Sunday—and had become so much excited thereby, as to snip the poor sheep’s flesh instead of its wool, and thus) to. make it bolt. Certainly, the fair girl stood blushing by; the sheep was wounded, and it had escaped; and as cer- tainly Ned Crook was obnoxious to the law, and rebel- lious to the authorities who would inflict its penalties. It was no easy task to reconcile the culprit to his fate, and it required all the young squire’s logic and good- nature to accomplish it. His last resource was a merry offer to mount the chair himself, and take the, first turn; and the fun of this notion, together with a whisper from Ednah, effected the business, and soon restored its customary brightness to the countenange of the young shearer. The chair was speedily pro- duced, and gaily decorated with a rich garniture. of roses and lilies, and other sweet summer flowers, mixed with all the gay ribbons that could be collected on the - instant; and it was a pretty scene to witness as the rustic procession wound down the village street. After the gentleman had taken his turn, Ned, who now quite entered into the spirit of the thing, was seated in the chair, smiling and bowing with mock dignity to all around; whilst flowers and flags, which had sprung out suddenly from no one knew where, were just touch- ed by the rays of the evening sun as the luminary sank below the horizon. ' - The very ancient, but, alas! almost exploded custom of singing carols under the windows of the principal inhabitants on the eve of Christmas-day, prevailed still in this secluded village. Here, too, the touching ‘and mournful ceremony of the passing bell yet held sway, and acted as a solemn reminder to the living to ask: Am I prepared to die? But one custom, most expres- sive and poetic, suggestive of many touching thoughts, had passed away, yet not without leaving a memorial of its former existence ; for there, on the wall of the church, hung the remains of a wreath of flowers and a pair of gloves, which, though originally of virgin white, were now become time-worn and darkened by the dust of many yéars. None knew when or for whom they had been there deposited ; but all who looked on them felt that some sorrowful tale of early death and virgin purity was attached to them. Those mute insignia seemed to speak of a mystic bridal—of the purified this festival. THE COPNTRY GENTLEMAN. PS OPDPOPPBLPLOL BO PL DNA NSN LD NIN soul, washed in the cleansing blood of Him who died to save, going forth out of the body to meet the Bride- groom. It seems to have been the practice in former years—possibly a relic of chivalrous times—to lay a wreath of white flowers, and a-pair of gloves of the same color, on the coffin of a young virgin; and when her body was committed to the grave, these tokens were suspended on the wall of the church, as the ban- ner and arms of a victor were anciently over his grave.. I have myself never seen a vestige of one of these fu- neral garlands save this in the little church of Stock- ’ dale. There are several pleasing old reminders of ancient times which linger about among the recesses of the far west, especially in Devonshire and Cornwall. The curfew may still be heard in the western counties pealing from many a church-tower at eight. in the evening, calling to mind the stern days of feudal rule, and raising in the hearts of those who are enjoying the social fireside, with their families round them, a thanks- giving that they may continue their pleasant evening an hour or two longer, without fear of a yisit from legal fire-extinguishers or the imposition of a fine. But the sound of the curfew is not so pleasant to the little ones of a household; for when it rings, it is the almost in- variable signal for them to retreat to bed ; and many a time have I seen the little vagabonds raise some special uproar at the first note of the dreaded bell, in the vain hope of deadening its sound, so that the elders may not hear it. The curfew-bell is rung still, or was very lately, in the town of Modbury, in South Devon, and. that of Taunton, in Somerset. At the pagers gins al i _ Kingsthorpe, | is what I conclude to be a modification of the morning- bell, which used to ring at four in the morning, as an intimation that the, king’s liege subjects might once more enjoy the blessings of artificial] light and warmth. This bell now rings at a quarter before five in the summer, and rather later in the winter, and is consid- ered as a call for work-people. A single bell sounds out with a loud shrill clang for about two or three minutes, then it stops; and one of a deeper tone slowly takes up the word, and peals the number of strokes ne- cessary to indicate the age of the month. This daily reminder of the lapse of time has a solemn effect on a thoughtful mind, and well sums up thatlesson which the striking of the clock is every hour inculeating. On Sunday, when the workman’s bell does not ring, the day of the month is tolled after the cessation of a bell which ‘sounds at seven o’clock in the morning. At Hatherleigh, a little town in Devonshire, we find a somewhat similar custom. ,Soon after the clock has struck the hour of 5 a.m, and of 9 p.m, at out as many strokes as the month is days | At Tor, and some other villages in Devonshire, a . pretty custom exists among children, which I do not remember to have met with elsewhere. On May-day, a general stir arises amongst the little cottage-girls of the community; and, indeed, for several days before- hand, indications of some approaching festival may be observed, for the little damsels are gathered together at every corner, and seem to be consulting over some knotty point. Every bud of blossom which appears in their gardens—every rose-bud on their rustic porches, is cherished and watched with deepest interest. At about 9 o’clock on the Ist of May, or as -early as the gentry are supposed to be up and about, the business of the day begins. If your, sitting-room windows happen to overlook the approach to your house, or you should have strolled into your garden after breakfast to inhale the breathing sweets of the spring morning, you will probably see a group of little girls, all clad in their Sunday’s best, and with fresh flowers in their hands or in their bosoms, clustering round your gate. Then follows the pattering of many little feet up your gravel- walk, and a low hum of voices beneath your window, with a suppressed but just distinguishable titter as some of the bolder advance and give a modest tap at your door. You can see with a glance that there is some interesting object which excites the young party, some one point of special attraction on which all eyes are centered; for of course, if you are a stranger, you watch the movements of the mysterious little band with wondering admiration; and you will see few prettier sights than the bright and eager faces, and gestures of such a group of little country maidens all on the tiptoe of pleasure and expectation. here they stand, creatures from three to twelve or thirteen years old, all as fresh as roses, and as frolicsome as young lambs. And now your maid brings in a long parcel, generally on a pasteboard tray, covered with a clean handkerchief. ‘Please, ma’am, would you like to see a May-doll? Of course you would like it; and you sally forth to examine it in the presence of these pretty living May-dolls who brought it, and elicit from them many a delighted smile, and a little of their broad Devonshire talk, in reply to your real ‘ad- miration of their bambino,’ which is, in truth, a very pretty thing. Every little girl who can by any means obtain a doll of a tolerable size, does so with’ a view to The little figure—often a really hand- some wax-baby—is arranged in the best style that some dress-maker aunt or sister can possibly achieve. The first I saw was a large and pretty wax-doll, clothed in pure white muslin. The whole tray in had presided over the toilet an ‘the May-doll; for the simplicity from house to house... .... bell tolls. | which it was laid was .a bed of sweet fresh flowers’ and all round the head and shoulders of the doll were clustered sprigs of the fragrant myrtle which grows so | luxurianily in that sweet southern climate, intermixed with half-opened China-rose buds, violets, and prim- roses. It was evident that some one with true taste e arrangement of its dress and the arrangement of the flowers were really elegant; and the whole of the little procession was very prettily dis- posed. Very many of these dolls are carried about the village of Tor: I have known as many as thirty presented and received at one house. It is, of course, usual to give.a few pence to each little party whose | doll you look at, and sometimes to add some little books or pictures, apples or cakes.. The whole of what is given is divided at the close of the day brtween the children who form the party—equally between the lit- tle band of leaders and followers. - I have never heard any reason assigned for this cus- tom, which is, however, I believe, of great antiquity, and strictly local. It may have originated in the old days of Roman Catholic rule, and be a relic of some procession of the ‘bambino’ or infant Jesus, in honor of the festival.of St. Philip and St. James, which oc- curs on the lst of May; or it may be that the highly- decorated doll, in its bed of flowers, is meant as a rep-_ resentation of the goddess Flora, to whom May-day was dedicated by our pagan forefathers. Hone, in his | Everyday Book, speaks of a custom in Northampton not altogether dissimilar to this. His correspondent says: ‘The girls from the neighboring villages of e., on the morning of May-day, come > into the town with May garlands, which they exhibit The garland is composed of two hoops crossing each other vertically, and cov- ered with flowers and streamers of various colored rib-. bons; these are affixed to a staff about five feet long, by which it is carried; and in each of the apertures between the hoops is placed a smartly-dressed doll.’ A Cornish festival, avowedly in honor of Flora, and very remarkable for its antiquity as well as for the unusual association of the different classes of the inha- ‘bitants in one comuion merriment, which seems almost to remind one of a continental carnival, deserves our notice, and must end our catalogue of rural customs. ‘On the &th of May, a festival is observed at Hel- ston; in Cornwall, and I believe also at Truro and some other places, called ‘ Furry, or Flora-day.’ This commences at an early hour in the morning, when the streets resound with music and mirth. No man is al- lowed to work; and if any is caught transgressing this rule, he is instantly set astride on a pole, carried off on men’s shoulders, and sentenced to leap over the river, from which doom he is allowed to escape on paying a fine towards the expenses of the day. Should he prefer the leap, he usually goes in instead of over, for the river is of some considerable width. At nine in the morning, the mob gathers round all the schools, demanding a holiday for the inmates, which is always granted ; and then a collection is set on foot throughout the town, to form a fund for goneral purposes of entertainment. At twelve, the cottagers. male and female, who have pre- viously collected flowers and oak-branches for the pur- pose, enter the town with a band of music, their heads dressed with garlands, and dance in procession through the streets, entering every house they please without exception. When there are two entrances, the party dances in at one and out of the other; but otherwise they dance in, and through the house, and come out by the door at which they entered. Old and young, rich and- poor, all dance, but not at the same time or in the same party; for they form different sets, no two of which are allowed to clash. After the dancing of the commonalty is over, follows that of the gentry. The sons and daughters of the most respectable families, all elegantly dressed, and ornamented with the richest flowers, follow where the rustics have preceded, and dance through streets and houses; and these are succeeded by other bands, con- cluding with the male and female servants. A youn lady of good family, who had herself very often forme one of the dancing-procession, told me of these cere- monies, and said that it was a day of great delight to all classes, and that the scenes it exhibited.were ex- ceedingly pretty and amusing when fair weather per- mitted the due observance of the ceremonial. ey Column for Young People. A WORD ON KINDNESS. There is, I should think, no person who has not felt the soothing effect of little acts of voluntary kindness —trifling in appearance, but valuable, because spring- ing from the heart. A little incident once occurred to me which suggested a train of thought on this subject, and which I will hear transcribe. — I was just setting out to visit a little sick friend, who resides about five miles from my own home, and being a good pedestrian, yy proceeding at a brisk pace down a pleasant lan@ leading towards the high road, when my attention was attracted by a group of boys who were plucking wild-roses. One, a little
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pale-faced, black-eyed fellow, had just ‘secured two more beautiful than the rest, which he held separate from them in one hand; and if I may judge by the care he bestowed on them, was evidently proud of his. prize. Now, I am particularly fond of wild-roses, for I think, of all the fair flowers which a benificent Crea- tor has bestowed to. gladden the senses as we roam the fields and lanes, they possess the most delicate beauty and the sweetest perfume. : _ As I approached the little urchins, I cast an admir- ing glance on the two beautiful buds; and a feeling of gladness took possession of my mind, when I thought that these little ragged dirty fellows, though their dwelling was in: all probability in a dim and dirty street, still possessed gardens and flowers of which none could deprive them, and which has been provided alike for rich and poor by Him who forms nothing in vain. Whether the boy observed my look, and with a childish instinct read my thoughts also, I can not tell; but I am inclined to think there is a sort of mys- terious free-masonary between persons of similar tastes, especially those who are lovers of nature’s works. At any rate, there was sympathy between little Black-eyes and myself, for he turned.towards me, and with the frank and natural grace of child- hood, placed the treasured flowers in my hand. I was much pleased at this instance of unlooked-for kind- ness, and’ thanked him ‘so heartily, that his bright eyes fairly sparkled, and his pale cheek flushed with delight, at finding his little offermg appreciated. © I had walked afew steps on my way, when I remem- bered that my basket contained a few nuts; so I re- traced my steps and offered him a handful, which, you may be sure, were gladly accepted. But mark the result. When his companions saw this, they, too, of- | fered me, not a rose or two, but large bunches, doubt-' less hoping to receive a similar recompense. And did these flowers prove equally acceptable? Certainly not. I pir them; and after again thanking the kind boy, passed on my way, musing on the little in- cident which had for a moment interrupted my walk, and trying to draw a lesson from it for my own im- provement. As TI said when I began writing, it sug- gested a train of thought respecting voluntary kind- ness, bestowed without hope of reward, with the view of giving pleasure to others, and those acts of service offered in anticipation of return. ha I considered how many things may be done without any additional labor to ourselves, which will greatly promote the happiness and comfort of others; and I think there is far more consideration shown in little sacrifices than in great ones. Many persons, for in- ‘stance, will not scruple to pay large sums, or do a hundred things of magnitude, if I may be permitted _ to use the term, for those they profess to esteem, who yet would grumble at the smallest personal inconven- lence. I knew a young lady, then governess in the family of a worthy clergyman, who, when speaking of the kindness she received from the parents of her pupils, said: ‘It is not the liberal salary I receive, the plea- sant rooms assigned to me atthe parsonage, or the - many comforts with which they surround me, that make me think of them so highly, but it isthe manner in which little matters affecting my health and wel- fare are attended to by. themselves, which has so greatly endeared them to me. When I was ill, short- ly after I became an inmate of their house, the lady did not leave me to the care of servants, but when any little’ delicacy to tempt the appetite of an invalid was prepared, she came with her light step and sweet cheering smile to my bed, and herself supported me whilst. I'tried to partake of it. At the same time, three of her children were suffering from severe sick- ness; but in spite of that, she managed to spare time to tend the stranger with her own dear gentle hand. | - Then, when able to resume my. duties in the school- room, her husband would put his head in, when pas- sing, and beg me to change my seat if he thought I might feel cold in my present one. These seein little matters; but these were the very things which made me feel I could never weary of serving them, and I strove to show my appreciation of them by the assidu- ous care I bestowed on the education of their children.’ Thus we see nothing is done in vain; for I believe there are few who do not feel grateful for the conside- ration shown them in attending to the more trivial concerns of this life; since those who thus act in re- gard to them, are not likely to forget any of greater importance. Should any young persons read the incidents I have related, I trust they will not be told in vain; but I sincerely hope they may be the means of turning their thoughts to the cultivation’ of an cbliging and kind disposition, which is, in the young especially, a never- failing charm. I have studied the subject, and have invariably found that I made more friends by my ' practice of never missing an opportunity of rendering a service, when time permitted, than by the more im- portant duties which I have been called on to perform. Let not my young readérs, however, suppose that I would teach them to neglect great matters for little ones, but merely to give a due attention to both; and THE COUNTRY @ENTLEMAN. whether in their own family circle or amongst stran- gers, to cultivate a spirit of kindness, the. fruits of which will be a comfort to others and a pleasure to themselves. Record of the Cimes. / Tue Youne Men or tur Acs.—The learned Pro- -fessions, formerly so called, are no longer so limited in number, or confined to so narrow a scope as they have been. Liw, Divinity and Medicine are only three of a score of professions which call into exercise the men- _tal productive talent of the age. This increased de- mand for educated men for widely different occu- pations, calls for some radical change in the character and modes of instruction. The education of the law- yer is not the best for the engineer or the architect. The discipline of a college is, to a great extent, lost upon the manufacturer and agriculturalist. The gen- eral principle that the more a man knows the better, is a correct one; but for: immediate, practical use, the times ask for men who are competent to act—not men classic mind. A recent number of the Home Journal contains the following excellent remarks :— is to be torn down and built up better. Of the two hundred and fifty churches standing this day in New York, not twenty will exist in the year 1900; but will ‘have been replaced by better ones, if architects can be found to build them. But those who practice the pro- fession of architecture must have ideas. Copyists we have already, and copies we have already. We want men who will thoroughly master their art, not be en- slaved by it; men who will seize the great idea, that | Beauty is utility perfected, and make it live in struc- tures that shall answer their purpose to admiration, yet gladden the eye and exalt the taste of those who “behold them. « “ We want men of action; but the main effort-of our schools is to produce men of talk. An engineer who had occasion, some time ago, for two assistants in sur- veying for a railroad, addressed the following question to three professors of mathematics attached to three colleges of high repute :—‘In the class about to gra- duate from your institution, are there any young men competent to go upon the road immediately and make surveys, without any assistance from me?’ There were none, and the professor frankly said so. What a fact is this! Asa preparation for the.duties of mo- dern life, our college course is scarcely of any use at all; and we care not who hears us when we say, if a young man is resolved to run a great career in an ac- tive, manly profession, let him keep out of college. That young man has no four years to waste! His knowledge must be real, positive, modern. He needs a trained eye, a trained hand, a broad chest and long wind: not, a stimulated brain merely. He must learn how to do this and that for himself. He must be a man of the world, educated in the world, by the world, for the world. “The sum of the whole matter is this: the talking professions have had their day; the active professions are going to have theirs; the means of education have not yet become adjusted to the new want; and he who promotes such adjustment, even so far as to point out its necessity, does a good thing.” ba LS PEE FOREIGN NEWS. By the arrival of the Arabia, we have news to Sep- tember 24. 7 THe —EAsTeRN QueEsTion.—From Constantinople, Sept. 8, it was stated that the greatest excitement still prevailed. A petition was in circulation, and had ob- tained a great number of signatures, calling upon the Ministers either to make war or to conclude an honor- able peace. The feeling of the Turks is that, having collected a large army from the most distant parts of of general information alone, or of great research and |, prevailed at Constantinople, that the Sultan would make no further concession either to Russia or the Powers. “This nation, in the course of the next fifty years, | Turkish difficulty, it is the general belief in Paris that WAI the Empire, a declaration of peace, and consequent, | disbandment of these ‘troops, would be almost as bad as an erruption of the enemy. It was not supposed that, in the present state of affairs, any collision would ensue on the Danube. Without further provocation, | the Russians would scarcely cross the Danube at this late season ; and Omar Pacua’s operations are main- ly, if not entirely, on the defensive. It is in Asia that: a collision is most to be apprehended, as there the Turks, surrounded by a sympathising Mussulman popu- lation, have only: to give the signal to raise around the standard of Islamism all the warlike population of Kurdistan, Lazistan, Daghistan, and also of Circassia. Allsorts of alarming rumors were flying thick and fast. Among other very doubtful news that have been sent to Paris, was a report that a deputation of the Ulemans, or united bodies of priests,-laywyers, and men of letters had called on the Sultan either to declare war against Russia, or to abdicate the throne. The time allowed his answer was to the feast.of Kurban Baram, on’! the 14th. The Peace party, however, would be satisfied -_with’a demonstration from the combined fleets,.and the: dismissal of the Minister of War. A general feeling Frayce.—Whatever may be the issue of the present the Emperor will not go to war.. He is said to have expressed himself to that effect very recently. The reasons assigned for this determination are the defici- eney of the harvest, the large amount of paper now in market in consequence of the numerous speculations to which prosperity has given rise, and’lastly, the proba- bility that. France will be invaded by a. formidable enemy—the cholera. r Cuina.—Latest advices from Shanghae, July I1, ‘states that the insurgents were marching a large force to the West and North, and had taken one or two cities ‘in those directions. It was coneluded that it'was their intention at once to proceed to Pekin,—but there was much uncertainty in all reports as to their movements: No important advantages had been recently gained by either party. ie At Canton there had been fewer rumors than usual, during the month, respecting the insurrection. The city and vicinity continued quiet, but parties of insur- gents were known to be in the neighborhood. The cap- ture of Nanchang, the principal city in the Kiang-si Province, is confirmed. The main body of the insur- gents were moving southwards, and would pass through the principal tea districts. This southerly movement would indicate an approach on Canton. Trade at Can- ton was quite depressed; Money extremely scarce and Exchange high. There had been much activity in shipments of tea, at advanced rates, since the arrival of the mail of 24th May, but the supply from the inte- rior was slackening. By orders of Hon. Mr. Marsaaty, United- States Commissioner, the American flag had been hauled down at Amoy, there being no representative there of the existing Government of China. Tue JAPAN ExprpiTion.—The North China Her- ald of July 9, says: that while the United States’ fleet were in the vicinity of Napakiang three of the vessels went on a cruise eastward and touched at sev- eral beautiful islands. At one of them they discover- ed a few European residents, consisting of English, Scotch, Irish, and Spanish, who had left whalers and established themselves there. Among them were about eleven women. The Governor of the island is a Scotchman. He claims the island as his own, and has been settled there about twenty years. He has a fam- ily of several children. The Commodore has made a purchase of a piece of land containing about ten acres, for $50. It isin a good situation, on one of the best sites of the harbor, and is intended for a Government coal depot. The island is mountainous, and the harbor excellent, hav-
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PLL LN ing from eighteen to twenty fathoms of water at the anchorage. Shell fish, such as lobsters and cray-fish, abound; on land plenty of wild goats are to be found. Plums, bananas, plantains, and other varieties of fruit are abundant on the island. Mexico.—The British steamer Clyde arrived from Vera Cruz on the morning of the 8th of Sept., bring- ing several passengers, forced ‘from Mexico by the or- ders of Sanra Anna. The intelligence received by private letters indicates a very disturbed political state, and intimates that Sanra Anna feels anything but confidence in his power to sustain his position. He is progressing as rapidly as possible in. the organi- zation of his army—to reach the strength of 80,000 men, the drafts to cover all ages from 16 to:50. The enlistment, or enrollments, of the various districts, re- mote from the capital, are tied in pairs, and driven by guards until they reach the barracks intended for their cultivation in the “school of the soldier,” and esprit du corps necessary before arms can be entrusted to them, Los 9 A report had reached New-Orleans Sept. 27th, of the breaking out of hostilities in the Mesilla Valley, between the United States troops and the Mexican} forces. General Trras had also received information that a large body of American troops were concentra- ting on the Rio Grande, and that they would unite with those already in the valley in an attempt to seize it. These reports had created the most intense ex- citement, which, at the latest account, had got to be of so serious a character, that the supreme Govern- ment had thought proper to demand from General GapspvEN, the American Minister, an immediate ex- planation of the intentions of the United States Go- - vernment in sending out additional forces to occupy the Mesilla Valley and vicinity: nS ee NEWS ITEMS. On Sunday, Oct. 2d, six boys went out for a sail on Niagara river near Buffalo, when, by some accident. the boat capsized and two of the party were drowned. It is often remarked that more accidents of this kind occur on the Sabbath than on all other days. The Danish Government‘has been officially informed that there are 1,300 Danes on the eve of emigrating to Utah. Prodigious efforts are making by the Mormons throughout the North of Europe to direct emigrants to their State. ; Out of every one hundred men who were married in England in 1850, thirty-three signed the marriage register with their marks, and out of every one hun- dred women, forty-six. The Home Journal says that maps, charts and en- gravings may be varnished by a delicate coating of gutta-percha. It-is perfectly transparent, and is said to improve the appearance of pictures. Documenits may be rendered water-proof and effectually preserved by coating both sides with the same material. In less than ten months a railroad two hindred and sixty-five miles in length, will be completed from Phi- ladelphia to Elmira, on the Erie railroad. The Boston Post states that over 8,500 persons visit- ed the Mechanics’ Exhibition at Faneuil and Quincy Halls on a single day. The whole quantity of iron employed in the construc- tion of the Crystal Palace amounts to 1800 tons—of which 300 tons are of wrought, and 1500 of cast iron. The quantity of glass is 15,000 panes, or 55,000 square feet. The quantity,of wood used amounts to 750,000 feet, board mcasure. Within ‘twenty miles of the cities of Sandusky and» ‘Toledo, and on or near the line of the lake-shore branch of the Cleveland and Toledo Railroad, there are lands offering for three dollars to five dollars per acre. They are heavily timbered with-black walnut and other kinds of trees. At the U. S. Circuit Court held in Hartford, Walter " Taylor, sentenced for ten years to the State prison in May last for a pension fraud, had five more years (qaarF THE COUNTRY GENTLEMAN. added to his sentence by the discovery of another frau- dulent case of his getting up. ) John Bickel, of Jamestown, Pa., is probably the old- est postmaster in the country, haying been appointed under Jefferson’s administration, by Gideon Granger, in 1802. He is now 78 years of age, and transacts all his business himself. 7 if The number of applications received at tne Patent office during the year 1852, were 2,639. ‘The number of patents issued were 1,020. Applications on hand not ‘acted upon 481. pale There was also filed 996 caveats, and 525 patents have run their fourteen years and expired. The Halitax Chronicle describes a peculiar fish, caught in that vicinity. The head, shoulders and waist resemble the female figure; the lower part that of a salmon. Many persons considered it a young mermaid. Th br A Horological Cradle is on exhibition at the Crystal Palace. It moves by clock-work, ‘and will rock about twenty-four hours without any one going near it. The Democrats have elected their candidate for Governor in Georgia. The Legislature is also Demo- cratic by alarge majority. = The American Board of Missions commenced its an- nual meeting at Cincinnati, Ohio, Oct. 5th. The annu- al report shows the receipts to have been, for the past year, $310,000, and the expenditures $314,000. The report from the Prudential Committee shows the whole number of members, 187; the whole number of mis- sionaries, 360; number of missions, 28; stations, 149. An extensive fire occurred at Buffalo Oct. 5th. Some four or five acres of ground were burned over. The loss will not exceed $30,000, the insurance on which is under $20,000. : The N: Y. Times says that a new House Printing Telegraph line is to be built this fall from Troy to Montreal, which will make the fifth line leading from New-York to Montreal and Quebec. The American Bible Union held its fourth anniver- sary at New-York, Oct. 6. The total receipts of the ‘Society for the year have been $27,594.55. A Woman Rights Convention has been in session at Cleveland, Ohio, the past week. Mrs. Francis D. Gage |. was elected Presidentess, with nine Vice-Presidents of both sexes. : The Poems of Geo. P. lished in one large octavo volume, by Scribner, of New- York. It is to be illustrated by steel engravings and a fine portralt of the author. {cS The shipments of Wheat from New-York have been nearly doubled within the last eight months. The exports of provisions have increased and are still increasing largely. It seems to be no longer a ques-’ tion that the European harvest will be insufficient to meet the wants of the people, rendering it probable that breadstuffs will continue to command good prices, whatever may be the result of the pending hostilities. The French Government, however, foreseeing a scar- city, has reduced the duties upon corn, flour, meal, rice, &¢., imported before the first of next January, and has exempted the vessels bringing them from the usual tonnage duties. This tends to increase the pres- ent demand but to decrease the prospects of its con- tinuance. They have also purchased largely of bread- stuffs to sell again, in order to preveat any extreme or long continued advance of prices.—Alb. Ev. Jour. LeGat Deciston As TO THE Rients or TRAVEL- Ers.—A gentleman brought an action recently in one of the Ohio courts against the owners of a steamboat on which he had lost a trunk containing $2,000. The Court held that they were bound to pay for the loss of ordinary baggage, but not for anything of unusual value, unless it was made known to them beforehand, so that they could take extra care, and charge an ex- tra price for carrying it. Accordingly the jury brought in a verdict allowing him $300—the value of the trunk | and the clothing in it—but disallowing the $2,000. Dancerovus CounTERFEIT.—Extremely well exe- cuted $5 notes upon the Unadilla Bank are in circu- lation. The engraving and filling up are close imita- tions of the genuine bill. The word “ Unadilla,” where it occurs with the date, is somewhat larger and heavier in the counterfeit than in the genuine note. SamveE. &. RANDALL, Esq. has been appointed Su- perintendent of Public Schools in the city of New- York. An excellent selection. 2 had Morrts are about to be pub-. * Deatu oF Mr. ScHLATTER, THE DRAUGHTSMAM:— The Lake Superior Journal, of the 17th ult., gives some particulars of the death of Mr. Schlatter, a draughtsman attached to the Geological Survey Ex- pedition at Portage Lake, who was frozen to death last Winter in the woods. It seems he left the North - American location at about 10 o’clock in the morning, to go to the Quincy mine, which is 15 miles distant. He took neither blanket nor food, nor even matches for kindling a fire, expecting to reach his destination before night. His path was through the -woods, over a deep snow, which he traversed on snow-shoes. He was a good woodsman, and well acquainted with the route; sbut, becoming confused, he lost his way, wan- dered all night, and probably most of the next day, and was at length discovered at about 9 o’clock on the second night, by a party which went in pursuit of him—being alarmed by his non arrival at the Quincy mine—frozen to death, lying at full length under the shelter of a stout cedar. The tops and drooping limbs of this tree are so thick as frequently to keep the snow from falling for a space around the roots. Mr. Schlat- ter, conscious probably that his fate was fixed, had crawled under this shelter, and calmly lay down to die. His compass was laid on one side; his hat and wig remained on the other; and he was found—the vital warmth not all.gone—lying with his hands fold- ed across the breast, his limbs and body perfectly straight, and the face upward. Mr. Schlatter was one of the best draughtsman in the United States, and has -for many years been employed in, surveys, explora- tions, and mapping locations. Vireinta Treasury Lanp Warrants.—The Land Office Bureau are constantly being applied to to satisfy “‘ Land Office Exchange Treasury Warrants,” under the act of August 31, 1852, which provides for the liquidation of “Virginia Land Office Military Warrants,” by issuing scrip on which any public do- main subject to private entry may be taken up. Of course these requests are declined, as the Treasury warrants are not provided for in the law. They may be located only upon lands the property of the State of Virginia, within her own limits. At present she has none of the kind which command more than 23 cents per acre in the market. Unprincipled specula- tors are constantly palming these Virginia Treasury Land Warrants off upon the unwary, for Virginia Mili- tary Land Warrants. Not long since a party in New- York paid $200 for such a piece of scrip, and sent it here-for the redemption explained above. In vain, of course. Its market value here, at that time, was just five dollars. It is worthy of note, that the State au- thorities unintentionally aid and abet these frands, by making the two descriptions of warrants almost identi- cal in their appearance to the casual observer.— Vir- ginia Paper. ous" any | Curious Facr.—The New-Haven Register state that toward the close of the Revolution the owners of the North Church in that city, sent to Boston for nails to make repairs with, when one of the kegs sent in re- turn for the order was found to contain Spanish silver dollars. The deacons wrote to the Boston merchant that there was “an error in shipping the goods,” but he answered that the nails were sold as he bought them of a privateersman, and he could’nt rectify mis- takes. So the silver was melted up and made into a present day. ‘service of plate for the church, which is in use at the Gen. 0. Hinton, the celebrated Ohio mail robber, who was arrested some two or three years since in Ohio, and afterwards released on bail and left the country, forfeiting his bail bond, has been arrested in California. He first went to Cuba, then to California, and afterwards to Oregon, where he kept a public house for some time. Lately, howéver, he has been sojourn- ing in California, under the assumed name of Samuel — G. Gordon, but was recognized by a former citizen of Columbus as the veritable Hinton. It is understood that he will shortly be brought back to Ohio for trial. Lupicrous Expiosion.—A keg of yeast, for trans- portation, exploded this morning about 2 o’clock, in the office of the American Express Company, scatter- ing the contents throughout the room, and completely besmearing two snoozing attaches of the concern, who were sleeping on the floor. The scene presented on opening the office this morning, is described as one of the most ludicrous that could be imagined. The head of the keg flew with force sufficient to break through the ceiling, and not a gill of the liquid remained in the vessel.— Cincinnati Times. fF" Died, at his residence in East Thirteenth st., on Thursday, 6th inst., at about 1 o’clock, rp. m., Hon. ErisAn Paring, one of the Judges of the Superior Court of this city. He was taken dangerously ill at Poughkeepsie, and was brought to the city on Mon- day. His disease was a congestion of the lungs.—lV. Y. Herald. Siaver Se1zep.—The barque Lady Suffolk arrived at Vera Cruz in charge of a Mexican officer, she hav- ing been seized under Mexican colors and equipped for the slave trade. i ; an. “
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Straight Indiana and Michigan,...... ......... 6 87a7 00 Favorite State,... AFT RE UP Ege ven FT O0al 12 Common to good Ohio,........... WS Fo SWB oie’s 198 OFa7 OO Fancy Indiana and Michigan, ............... +. 7 OUa7 124 ot RE SR tines cis hashes sbaws rardiic: avin ole CGNs aS ORY SPOON i Vda 645 bidie ats Kelneneton ont:.e 7 00a7 12 Extra Indiana and Michigan,....... ren pews eke 7 00a7 25 Extra Ohio,.......... ee piedaeece oe cwd "T Bn’ 374 Beet e, Geese, 5.055 5 aa-nednsie cakes chan naatie < 7 25a7 50 7 WPA oA Miser A miser, named Noah Odell, sixty years old, died on Sunday, in Boston. So fearful was he of losing his money, that he wore a chain round his -body, to which-was fastened a stout bag, in which the treasure was deposited. This he kept by him during his sickness, and upon it was: ced is dying gaze. In winter, it is related that he went to church three times a day, to save fuel at home, only leaving the ‘bed to return to it. Maine Lanps.—The Governor of Maine devotes most of his message to the Legislature, which just convened in special session to the contracts for the sale ~ in Maine of the lands in-that State owned by Massa- chusetis. The total quantity of these is over 100,000 acres, located on the Kennebec waters, the Aroostook, Massa- ; and the upper waters of the river St. John. chusetts offers to sell these for $362,500. Inp1ans Rerurnine.—The Junean (Wis.) Gazett Jearns that the Indians who were removed from that county two years ago by order of Government, to a _place west of the Mississippi River, are making their way back, and last week had got as far as Blue Mound, 25 miles, west of Madison. They will proba- bly be in that country in a very few days. ‘Their number is reported to be between 200 and 300. GoveH In EnGLAND.--The Liverpool papers an- nounce that “on Thursday evening, Mr. J. B. Gough the distinguished American Temperance Lecturer, ‘delivered the first of two lectures on Temperance, at the Concert Hall, Lord Nelson street.’ ‘Though ‘an admission fee was charged, the hall was densely pack- ed. Mr. Gough was received with enthusiastic cheers on commencing, and was frequently interrupted with applause during his lecture; and ‘at the close,” the European Times says, “the audience broke forth in | one unanimous burst of enthusiastic cheering.” —Bos- ton Traveller. citer Four Days To Evropr.—The London Morning Ad- vertiser says that the voyage from Halifax to Galway can easily be accomplished in less than four days by a new and improved construction of steam vessels. But what the ‘new and improved construction” is, or when, where, and by whom it. was made, the London Morning Advertiser does not say. . Fan Product Markets, Ordinary to straight State,....., Go cecereevens ; eoeeeve eee 6 75a7 00 ’ prime Western. FEED.—The market 'is better, with but little offering and a good demand. Sales 2,400 bu. 2i lb. Feed at 22c. ' Tipe ss New York, October, 8. FLOUR AND MEAL—There is increased business in the low grades of State and Western Flour, and prices are 12}c. easier; the demand for immediate delivery is less active, and only a fair inquiry for forward delivery, and at easier prices for November. Canadian is firm and not plenty. Sales of 600. bls. at $7. The sales of Western Canai are 14,600 bls. at $6 874a7 for common to straight State, and mixed to fancy Michigan, and common to good Ohio. Southern is held with much firmness, the supply is moderate and the demand geod for shipping. Sales of 2,100 bls. at $7a7 12} for mixed to good straight brands Baltimore, Alexandria and Georgetown, and $7 25a7 50 for fancy brands. RYE Flour is scarce. Sales of 150 bls. at $4 50 for Fine, and #5a5 12} for Super. CORN Meal is scarce and held firmly at $4 18a4 25 for Jer- sey, and $4 37a4 44 for Brandywine. » GRAIN—The supply of Wheat exceeds the* demand, and prices are less firm, and only strict prime. parcels will com- mand our extreme figures. There is less doing, to arrive, DHE COUNTRY GENTLEMAN, owing to the: apprehension of high freights. The sales are 18,300 bush. White Michigan at $1 50al 57 for ordinary to choice; 22,400 bush. Ohio at $1 49a1 50 for fair to good; 18,. . 000 bush. White Canadian at $1 35al 52 for inferior to prime; 8,800 bush. ordinary to prime Genesee at $1 50a1 60, and 6000 bush. prime witite Southern at $152. RYE is quiet at 92a93c. OATS are firm with a fair demand at 46a 4S$c. for State and, Western, and 40a43c. for Southern. BARLEY is quie | at 75a7Se. for two-rowed, and &4a8Sc. for prime four rowed. CORN opened rather easier, but closed firm, with a good demand for export and the trade; sales of 33,000 bush. at 84a85c. for unsound; 85a86c. for Western mix- ed; 87a8Sc. for Southern yellow, aud 86a87}c. for white. PROVISLONS-—There is less dolug in. Pork, but for large parcels our quotations are declined, owing to the diminished stock. ‘The demand is fair for the East. and for shipping. Sales of 500 bls. at $17 124a17 25 for Mess and $13 624a13 75 for Prime. Beef is betier and in good request. Sales of 400. bls. at $7 50a10 for Country Mess; $12a13 for City Mess, and $4 75a6.25 for Prime. Prime Mess is firm at $18a20. Beef Hams are quiet at $12a13 for old, and $15 for new to arrive. Cut Meats are very quiet; the supply is light and holders firm. Sales of 100 hds. and tes. at 63a74c for Shoulders and 8ja9}c. for Hams. Lard is buoyant; the stock is quite light. Sales of 300 bls. and tes. at lid4allfc. Butter is in fair de- mand at 18a17c. for Ohio and 1Sa22e. for State dairies. | Cheese is iti fair request at 93u104c. HOPS—A better market; the demand is more active, the stock light, and the arrivals small; sales 50 bales new at 33a 37c. and 30 bales old at 26a30c., which is a shade lower. CATTLE MARKET. CAMBRIDGE, Oct.'5—At market 3115 Cattle, about 2015 Beeves, 1400 Stores—cousisting of working Oxen, Cows and Culves, yearlings, two and three years old. : Market Beef—Extra $7%a8} per ewt,; first quality, $7}a74; second do,, $63a7; third, $6a6}; ordinary, $5a5},, Hides, $6 per cwt. Tallow, $7a7}. Pelts, $lai}.. Calf Skins, 11c. per lb.; Veal Calves. $5, 7, 8a12. p ‘Working Oxen—$112, 116, 122, 125, 136, 1472190. Cows and Calves—$26, 28, 31, 36240. Yearlings—$9, 10a sy ae years old—$15, 18, 21a24. Three years old—#$30, 2, dIU4de, _ Sheep and Lambs—4123 at market. Extra, $5, 6, 7a10. By lot, $24, 23, 3a4}. Swine— Wholesale, still fat Hogs, $5,50, and hard corn fed $6 per 100. | BRIGHTON, Thursday Oct. 6.—At market, 2150 Beef Cattle—1500 Stores—15 pairs Working Oxen; 98 Cows and Calves; 4000 Sheep and Lambs—2000 Swine. Beef Cattle—Extra, $8; first quality, $7 75; second, $6a6- 75; third, $5 50a5 75; ordinary, $5a5 25. Stores—Yearlings, $9, 11ai2. ‘['wo years old, $15, 17, 19, ' 21. Three years old, $30, 35, 37, 39. ‘ey ‘ Working Oxen—$95, 100, 115, 130. Cows and Calves—$23, 25, 27,°30, 34, 36, 40. Sheep and Lambs—$2, 2,50, 2,75. xtra, $4, 4,50, 5a8. Swine—5taG}e. Retail 6fa74c. 1000 of the above report- ed were Fat hogs, a5g. WOOL MARKET, NEW YORK, Octoder'8.—The “market is quiet for all de- ; scriptions, owing to the stringency of the money market,” which generally effects all raw materials. We note sales of 20,000 Ibs fleece at 48a53c. Pulled is quiet; sales 5000 lbs at our quotations. Foreign is quiet put firm; sales 140 bales Buenos Ayres at 13a14c. 20,000 washed African at 20a28c. Carpet wools are very firm. — TROY, Oct. 3.—The market remains very quiet with little better demand, particularly for extra pulled and the low grades fleece. Sales of the week 30,000 lbs at prices rangin from 45a53e. Heaviest sales 43¢, 51a53c—at the last name price was included 5000,jbs extra pulled. Stock on hand at the ‘ Depot,”’ 750,000 ibs, of which nearly 100,000 lbs is pul- led of\all grades; also 25,000 do flocks of all colors. A Great Blessing to the Afflicted. (Gp The number and formidable character of diseases of the Liver have long challenged the attention of medical men. Some of these. diseases, classed under the general term of Consumption, have been supposed incurable and the unhappy patient allowed to die, without medical sciencs to offer him a hope of recovery. Happily this can no longer be'the case. A remedy has been found which will cure all complaints, of whatever character, arising from derangement of the Liver. The Pills discovered by Dri M’Lane, of Virginia, act directly on the Liver; and by correcting its operation and purifying it from disease, cuts off and extirpates the complaints which have their origin®in the diseases of this organ. Remedies hitherto proposed for liver complaints, have failed to operate -upon the seat of the disease; but Dr. M’Lane’s Pills make themselves felt upon the action of the Liver, and by cleansing the fountain, dry up the impure streams of. disease which thence derive their existence. Purchasers will be careful to ask for Dr. McLANE’S CELEBRATEDLIVER PILLS, and take none else. There are other Pills, purporting to be Liver Pills, now before the public. Dr. McLane’s Liver Pills, also his Celebrated Ver- mifuge, can now be had at all respectable Drug Stores in the United States and Canada. ; y | Super-phosphate. O expense has been, spared inthe combination of this most fertilizing manure, which contains the natural properties of plants, Jt is superior to most of the articles offered for sale under the same name, and is inferior to none, although sold at a much lower price. It is put up in bags, at $10 per ton, of 2000lbs., cash, = Office of the New-York Super-phosphate Manufacturing Company, No. 159 West-street, New-York. Aug. 18—wlt—m3t_ VICTOR R. KNOWLES, Agent. s A few pair of white and speckled Dorkings for sale at $3 ve T. A. COLE PDL DLARAALVP LAA LFF NNN » New-York State Agricultural College. AG a meeting of the trustees of the State Agricultural Col- lege on the 2ist September, 1853, it was resolved “to arrange and prepare the Veterinary Department of the Col- lege, simultaneously with the earliest courses of lustruction ; and that every subscriber to the funds of the College be, an he is hereby declared to be entitled to the use of the Hospi- tals of the said department for all medical or surgical treat- ment, necessary and proper for such diseases or accidents as may afflict any animal belonging to the said subscriber, to be subject to such rules and regulations as the trustees may, from time to time, appoint and direct. ‘ No cost or charge shall be made for medical or surgical treatment or advice. : . The necessary expense for the sustenance of animals re- ceived into the Hospitals under this resolntion, shall be paid by the proprietors of the animals respectively. By order. Oct. 8—41w4 . J. W. BACON, Secretary. Pears, Grapes, &c, oe subscriber offers for sale, by the quantity or in small- er parsels— . ee 2,500\Pears on the quince—1 year old, finely grown—consist- ing of about 20 leading varieties and some of the newer sorts, $25 per 100. : 1,000 Black Hamburg and other best varieties of grape for culture under glass—in pots, 50. cents each. A few plants of the Disna—a new native grape of great promise, $1. 10,000 plants Osage Orange for Hedges, $8 per 10 50,000 Apple seedlings, 1 year, $5 per 1000. Also a few apples on the Paradise stock for d few Cherries, Plums, &c. ms a Orders addressed to me at Albany ¥ Albany, Oct. 7, 1853.—wtf, ae af WILLIAMS. ; Dorking Fo per pair, by .CO Oct. 3, 1853—wtt. Catskill, N. ¥. Kentucky Farm for Sale. HE subscriber offers for sale his Farm, consisting of 360 acres of good land, situated in Clark county, Ind., about twenty miles above Louisville, Ky., and one and a half miles from the Ohio river—200 acres under cultivation, and the re- mainder heavily timbered with blue ash, black walnut and sugar tree—woodland sowed in blue grass, with a good or- chard and ten never failing springs; soil well adapted to blue grass, clover, corn and oats—peculiarly adapted to the gre- zing or dairy business, as it is near Louisville, and any . amount of butter car be disposed of at the river to boats at the highest price—with a fine site for an overshot water mill. | Price $30 per acre. For further information address Oct. 13—w2m2 \F.R. MORTON, Shelbyville, Ky. New-York Agricultural Warehouse. nS Powers, Threshers, Fan Mills, Smut Machines, A. Grain Drills, Hay Presses, Grain Mills, Corn and,Cob Crushers, Cider Mills, and a large assortment of Plows and ‘all-kinds of Agricuitural and Horticultural Implements. Peruvian Guano, Super-phosphate of Lime, Bone Dust and ’ other fertilizers of the most superior kinds. R. L. ALLEN. Aug. 18—w mtf. 189 & 191 Water-st., New-York. Superior Seed Wheat. LARGE assortment of the best varieties.of improved Seed Wheat, a China or Troye, White and Mediterranean. Seed Rye of the best winter variety; also a cheaper -kind, suitable for late fall and early spring pastures. ~ Field and Garden Seeds of the various sorts. R. L. ALLEN, Aug. 18—w mtf. 189 & 191 Water-st., New-York. nt, Hutchinson’s Improved, Soule Landscape Gardening. Mé MUNN begs to offer his services to gentlemen about building or altering their grounds. An extetisive ac- quaintance with the Ornamental Grounds, Country Villas, and Cottage Residences of England, and of this country combined with an inexpensive system of adapting the natural advantages of the situation to the purposes of pleasure grounds, have enabled Mr. M. to give satisfaction to nume- rous gentlemen to whom he can refer in New-York, Connec- ticut, Massachusetts and other States. Address Mr. MUNN, Box 3,292 Post Office, New-York, or at J. M. Thorburn & Co.’s Seed Store, 15 John- st., New- York. New-York, July 14, 1853.—28s—wté. _ FRUIT-TREES, Ornamental Shrubs, Flowering Plants, &c. rj J. THOMAS has for sale at his Nursery, Macedon, N. e Y., a fine and select collection of Fruit Trees, propa- gated from the BEST PROVED sORTS, eee J of :— ly Apple Trees... cc ccvececeecs at 20 ets. each, $15 per 100. Peach, do large,.,......+. , 20 do 15. do do do tlyear from bud, 15 do 12 =6do Cherry, do with fine heads, 31 do 25 do Pear, do standards,,..... 50. do do do dwarfs,........ , 37 do TREES and SHRUBS, HERBACEOUS PERENNIAL FLOWERING PLANTS, &c., among which area hun- dred selected sorts of Roses, the finest Spireeas, Peeonias, Phloxes, Tulips, &c. Orders directed “ J. J. THOMAS, Macedon. Wayne Co., . N. Y.,’’ and accompanied with remittances, will be careful- | ly filled, and the trees or plants packed in the best manner for safe conveyance by railway. j ‘meet with srenioll , ¥ ong which are the Golden Australian, : j
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NS Blue Grass. s : 5000 BUSHELS of choice Kentucky Blue Grass—AU new Seed. ‘The superior manner in which our seed is prepared for market, has given it a reputation alto- gether unequalled, wherever it has been sold.' We are now prepared to fill orders to any extent. , MILLER & SHREVE, « Western Agricultural Warehouse, * August 25, 1853—w3m Louisville, Ky. Spanish Merino Bucks. 2 hy Spanish Merino Bucks, imported in the Bark Charles A. Coe, from Malaga, and were selected from the Na- tional Floek at Estramadura, and are of the pure Merino ‘Blood, can be seen at 420 ‘Tenth street, New-York. * §. W. GOODRIDGE & CO., 84 Broad-street, Sept. 22—w4t Timothy Seed. | 30 BBLS. soon to arrive fresh from the field, and to be unsurpassed in quality. ‘The great pains we take in procuring all our seeds, induces us to recommend. them with the utmost coufideuce to our friends. For sale by ; MILLER & SHREVE, August 25, 1853—w3m Louisville, Ky: A Desirable Country Residence. Y old Homestead farm (118 acres) is for sale. For par lars, see Country Gentlemen No. 7, 8, 9, 10, or the C for March. Payments accomodating. — DAVID ‘THOMAS. | Greatfield, neapyAurora, Cayuga co., N. Y. Sept. 15. tural Warehouse and Seedstore United 8 No, ater Street, near Fulton street, New-York. | ERCH 5, Planters and Farmers, inwant of AGRT” CULTURAL and HORTICULTURAL IMP MENTS or SEEDS, for shipping, plantation, farm or garden purposes, will please call and examine our extensive and su- perior assortment of goods in the above line, unsurpassed by any other house in the United States, for finish, material and workmanship, and of the most approved patterns; all of bap we will sell on as goud terms as any other house in Unis city. We have among our assortraent the far-famed and une- qualed EAGLE D. & F. PLOWS, warranted to draw lighter and do as good-work in sod or stubble ground, as any other Plow to be found in the United States. Wealso have the highest premium Straw Cutters, Fan Mills, Grain Mills, Premium Stalk Cutters, Horse Powers, Tliresh- ers and Separators of different kinds; Ketchum’s celebrated Mowing Machine, unsurpassed ; Hussey’s Reaping Machine _ also, McCormick’s Cotton Gins, Gotion Presses, Hay and Hide Presses, Brick Machines, Harrows of all kinds, Sugar Mills for plantation use, Sugar Mills for grocer’s use, Hand ‘Store Trucks of all kinds, Mule Carts, Horse Carts, Farm Wagons, Wheel Barrows, Coal and Canal Barrows. In fact we have everything for shippping or et § on plantation, arm or garden. SOHN MAYHER & CO, \. N. B. Guano, Bone Dust, Poudrette, Superphosphate of - : An me sai Toda we. f Lime; and other fertilisers. | Albany Tile Works, - Corner Patroon and Knoz Streets, Albany, N. Y. J peer TILE of the following descriptions and prices, suitable for land drainage, always on hand, in large or small quantities, of the first quality, delivered at the Docks aud Railroad Depots free of cartage. Horse Shoe Tile. 4} inch calibre, $18 per 1000 feet. 3 “ “ $15 es 2 “ iii $12 “ Sole Tile or Pipe. 3 inches calibre, $18 per 1000 feet. 2 es “ $ | 2 : 6 Horse Shoe Hand Tile, 8 inches calibre, for drains around dwellings, at $8 per 100 feet. Sole Tile, 4 inch calibre, for sink drains, at $4 per 100 feet—9 and 6 inch square, polished face Floor Tile, less than one-fourth the cost of marble, for basement floors and cellar pavements—9 and 6 inch square Bakers’ Tile, for oven bottoms. Orders from a distance will receive prompt attention. | A. 8. BABCOCK. Albany, Ap.il 14, 1853—16—13t—c6m. . : Albany Drain Tile Works, No. 60 Lancaster Street, Albany, West of Medical College, ae“ subscriber, suecessor to JOHN GOTT, formerly A. 8. BABCOCK & CO., is prepared to furnish Drarnine Tixx of both Horse Shoe and Sole patterns, at from $12 to $18 per 1000 pieces. The tile are more than a foot in length, -and fully equal to any of American or Foreign manufacture. They are so formed as to admit water at every joint, and drain the land perfectly from 12 to 20 feet on each side, ac- cording to the nature of the soil. . Also, Lance Tixe for drains about dwellings, yards, &c., at from $4 10 $8 per 100 pieces. Tile delivered at the docks and railroads free of cartage. Practical drainers, for laying Tile, furnished if desired. ~ j Full directions for preparing ditches, laying tile, &c., will be sent free to those addressing the subscriber, post-paid, The tiles‘can be sent safely any distance. Orders are re- spectfully solicited. DAVID CALLANAN. Sept. 15—w& mtf. Albany, N. Y. Works on Horticulture. b eet g ty Treatise on the Culture of the Grape Vine, by J. Fisk Allen. Third ediiton, enlarged and revised. Price $1.00. Practical Treatise on the Construction, Heating and Ven- tillation of Hot Houses, Graperies, &¢e., by Robert B Leuchars—$1.00. a for Ladies, by Mrs. Loudon. Edited by A. J. Downing—#1.235. The American Fruit Culturist, by J. J. Thomas. Eighth edition—$1.00. ' Family Kitchen Gardener, by R. Buist—75 cents. Fruit, Flower and Kitchen Garden, by Patrick Neill—$1.25. .For sale at the office of the Cultivator, 395 Broadway. ° THE COUNTRY GENTLEM AW. LPI L.LPOPPPALPF POOPIE OS Hay Press. | EDERICK’S PATENT HORIZONTAL PORTABLE HAY PRESS.—This Press is manufactured only by the subscribers, proprietors of the Premium Agricultural Works, Albany, N. Y. ‘This Press was in the 16th No. of the Country Gentleman, and the June No. of the Cultivator. Since time some very valuabl, essentigl improve- ments have been made. A new roved’ capstan has been invented, by which the horse, without being removed from the sweep, Operates the follower both backward and forward, thereby dispensing with the windlass (seen in the cul) for drawing the follower back. Dederick’s Horizontal Press; as exhibited atthe N. Y. State Fair in 1852, constructed so us to press from eachyend of the frame towards the center, by means of a single lever or toggle joint, hus been abandoned as impracticable. Parallel levers, and pressing from one end of the frame, obviate all the objections against the original plan. The Horizontal Press, as thus improved and now manufactured by us, is uni- versally admired and approved; iis advantages, compared with the vertical or upright press, are 100 numerous to be specified in a limited notice, Descriptive circulars will be promptly sent upon application. Warranted to give satisfac- tion, or they may be returned. Orders solicited ind prompt- ly filled. DEERING & DEDERICK, Corner of Bleecker and Franklin sts., Albany, N. Y. . Sept. 22—w& mit. Super-Phosphate of Lime—C, Deburgh’s No, 1. Ww* are the only authorized agents for the sale of De- burgh’s Super-Phosphate of Lime in the city of New York. As there has been various spurious substances sold last spring for this superior manure, we request farmers and dealers to send their orders direct to our warehouse. We have sold about 300 tons this spring, ayd have received infor- mation from many that it was e guano in its immedi- ate effect, and much more lasting in the land. ict’ s Any person who purchased trom us Deburgh’s Super- Phosphate last spring, which has not given satisfaction, by sending us notic | out charge. 4 ate New. York, Au ~~ LONGETT & GRIFFING griculiural Wareheuse, No. 25 Cliff-st. - 11—wsi—mit. Super= | osphate of Lime. N bags and barrels, made by C. B. DeBurgh, a warranted pure and genuine ayticle, for sale by , _ GEO. DAVENPORT, No. 5 Commercial, corner of Chatham-st., Boston, Agent for the manufacturer, with directions for use. Also, for sale, Ground Bone, Bone Dust, Burnt Bone, Gu- ano, and Grass Seeds of reliable quality. April 7—14—11—mtf. Manures. ERUVIAN GUANO, 2} to2} cents per pound. __ tai E DUST, when takensin equal quantities, $2.25 per barrel. BONE SAWINGS, separately, $2.50 per barrel. PLASTER, $1 to $1.29 per barrel. ‘fox _PO'TASH, 3} to 4 cents per pound, . ... - ss e CHARCOAL, $1 per barrel. SULPHURIC ACID, 2} to 24 cents per pound. SUPERPHOSPHATE OF LIME, 2} cents per pound. WOOD'S RENOVATING SALTS, one cent per, pound. For sale at the State Agricultural’ Warehouse, No. 25 Cliff-street, New-York. LONGETT & GRIFFING. Feb. 1—ctf. ANDRE LEROY, Nurseryman, - - - - - Angers,’ France, ONORARY AND CORRESPONDING MEMBER, &c., of ail the principal Agricultural Societies of Eu- rope and America, begs to inform his friends, and the public in general, that he has just published his Catalogue for 1853, which is the most complete one ever made. All the piece and required information for the importation of all inds of Trees, Shrubs, Evergreens, Stocks, Roses, &c., will be found in said Catalogue, which can be had free of charge, on application to the undersigned, who will receive -and forward all orders, and attend to receiving and forward- ing of the trees ordered, on arrival here. It is useless to add that Mr. LEROY possesses the largest NURSERY on the Continent. His experience in putting up orders for Ameri- ea, and the superior and reliable quality of all his trees, &c., is too well established to require any further notice. Orders should in all cases be sent to the undersigned in the fall, with information when the trees are to arrive here, and how they are to be forwarded. E. BOSSANGE, Sept. 29—ms3t. 138 Pearl-st.. New-York. : Suffolk Pigs. Sx pairs of purely bred Suffolk Pigs, also breeding sows, for sale by ; ; C.J. HOLDEN, Sept. 15—2t* Walpole, N. H. - Books for Farmers. ) HE Farmer’s Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Rural - Affairs, embracing all the most recent discoveries in 7 hitehe yy Chemistry, by Cuthbert W. Johnson, ‘Esq. Adapted to the United States by Goveneur Emerson. One large vol., with plates—$4.00. 7 he Progressive Farmer—A Scientific Treatise on Agri- cultural Chemistry, &c., applied to Practical Agriculture, by J. A. Nash—50 cents. ‘ The American Farm Book, or Compend of American Agriculture, by R. L, Allen—$1.00. ‘he American Muck Book, treating of all the principal fertilizers and manures in common: use, with specific direc- tions for their preparation, preservation and application to the soil and to crops, by D. J. Browne—$1.00. The Farmer’s Dictionary—A vocabulary-of the technical terms recently introduced into Agriculture and Horticulture, | and also a compendium of Practical Agriculture, by D. P. Gardner, M. D.—$1.50. 4 Norton’s Elements of Scientific Agriculture—50 cents. The Farmer’s Manual—A Practical Treatise on the Nature and Value of Manures, by F. Falkner, Esq.—50 cents. Johnston’s Agricultural Chemistry—$1.25. For Sale at the office of the Cultivator, 395 Broadway. . 7 il forward another lot for trial with- Suflolk Pigs. Ts subs¢ribers are prepared to receive orders for pure Suffolk Pigs, bred from stock imported in 1848 by the late William Sihekney, also by the subscribers in Jan. last. Address, JOSIAH ST . ISAAC STI September 1—m6t. ~ Orchard Grass. ° 3000 BUSHELS Orchard Grass, handsomely cleaned, aud for sale at ihe Western Agricultural Ware- house of - MILLER & SHREVE, | August 25, 1853—w3m _ Louisville, Ky. To Flax Growers. rFHHE subscriber‘has invented and builds to order, a FLAX MACHINE, which, attended by two hands, 1s guaran- teed to dress from three. hundred to four hundred and fifty pounds of flax per day. ‘Te saving in labor and tow, by comparison, is considered equivalent to the cost of dressing flax by tlie © gg ay machinery, used in this country and Europe. ‘The new machine is made with care, to se- cure strength and durability, and can be run at aspeed which requires more than two hands to attend it. Unrotted flax ~ straw can be dressed by it. It can be driven by horse power or otherwise; and, being portable, can be sent any distance. . For the present, the price of the machine complete, is $400. Those who wish 1o obtain it in season to begin operations KNEY, Boston or Watertown, or EY Boston, Mass. _ next autumn, will do well to apply soon. S. A. CLEMENS Springfield, Mass., March 9, 1853.—imtf. . , , Grey Chittagong Fowls. (AXHITTAGONG Fowls, pure blood, for sale by sf JOSEPH W. WHITE, Gov. St. Hartford, Conn., Oct. 1—mitf. _ Basket Willow. tga bing of the best kinds of Basket Willow, with di- ° rections for planting, for sale at $5 a thousand, by , WM. H. DENNING, Fishkill Landing, Dutchiess Co., N. Y. F'armers, Attention! puis is the. proper season to use LEINAU’S ‘AMERI- CAN. FER'TILIZER upon your farms. This truly vaiu- able manure can be had at $25 per ton, or $3.50 per barrel, Sept. 22—m2t* of the proprietor. ‘Try it. Jt is now on exhibition at the | Crystal Palace, New-York, and any amounft of names can be given of its successful use. Also, Guano and Poudrette, Phosphate of Lime and Aqua Ammonia. G. A. LEINAU, Aug. 18—nf3t. No. 19 South Front-st., Philadelphia. Election Notice. Nester tay OFFICE, City and County of Albany, Au- gust 19th, 1853.—An election is to be held in the city and county of Albany, on the Tuesday succeeding the first Mon- day of November (the 8th day of November) next, at which |: time will be chosen the officers mentioned in the notice from the Secretary of State, a copy of which is hereunto annexed. pox JOHN McEWEN, Sheriff. STATE OF NEW-YORK, SrcretarRy’s Orrice, Albany, August 18, 1853. To the Sheriff of the County of Albany: é Sir—Notice is hereby given, that at the General Election to be held in this State on the Tuesday succeeding the first Mon- day of November next, the following officers are to be elec- ted, to wit: : ; . A Secretary of State, in the place of Henry S. Randall; A Comptroller, in the place of John C. Wright; ‘i An Attorney General, in the place of Levi 8. Chatfield; A State Engineer and Surveyor, in the place of William J. McAlpine; A State Treasurer, in the place of Benjamin Welch, junior; A Canal Commissioner, in the place of John C. Mather; A State Prison Inspector, in the place of William P. An- gel; : - Two Judges of the Court of Appeals—one in the place of Charles H. Ruggles, and one inthe place of Hiram Denio, appointed to fill the vancancy occasioned by the resignation of Freeborn G. Jewett ; _A Clerk of the Court of Appeals, in the place of Charles S._ - Benton; ) All whose terms of service’ will expire on thé last day of. December riext. except that of Freeborn G. Jewett, which will expire the last day of December, 1857. Also, a Justice of the Supreme Gourt for the Third Judicial District, in the place of Malbone Watson, whose term of of- fice will expire on the last day of December next; F Also a Senator for the Eleventh Senate District, in the pee of Azor Taber, whose term of office will expire on the . ast day of December next. bate > County Officers alsoto be Elected for said County. ‘ Four Members of Assembly; Paes Two Justices of Sessions, in the place of Cornelius Van Derzee and Samuel O: Schoonmaker; br elibas A District Attorney in the place of Andrew J. Colvin; all whose terms of office will expire on the last day of December | next. Yours respectfully, we Sept. 22. HENRY 8S. RANDALL, Secretary of State, $$$ LLL + Qsier or Basket Willow. Wa subscriber will have for sale, to be deliyered this fall or next spring, about 50,000 Willow Sprouts of the growth of this season, suitable for propagation or for baskets. Each sprout will make from four to five cuttings for planting. ; C. N. BEMENT, 341 Broadway, Albany. Aug 11—wlam4m. _ é Devon Cows, ‘EIFERS, and Bull Calves—pure blood—for sale. by Feb. 1—mly. B. V. FRENCH, Braintree, Mass. Suffolk Pigs,‘ F pure blood, for sale py B. V. FRENCH, Feb. 1—mly. Braintree, Mass. \ *
Page 16
| ‘That blesses the gri L.PPLP PPP PII OS Che Feisure Hour, as ‘The Vase of Tea BY J. BRENT. - he! morning:throngh the Inttice fell, - The morning’s glimmer slowly ; It lit a little dying face — . With a light both calm and holy: Then as a cloud its shadow gra - Just cast, ye scarce knew whether The child’s last smile, or sunny ray, Went first, or both toner. | eee The small gray cloud was swift in flight, Not'so a mother’s sorrow ; | She knew no ray nor smile would light Her dead child’s face to-morrow! -. They took little gentle Annie away ; To a sun-bright lea they bore her ; ' For they knew where the lambs came out to play The daisies would cluster o’er her! Zz et empty stood one little chair — ag. months in that lonely dwelling, 2 ao And a mother wild looked-watching there, . a ; With tears for ever welling. — At last, like a well-known step, there seemed A sound by the lattice lonely, : ite One night when braided in mist gleamed there The belt of Orion only ; | The door was ajar; then soft and fair, Neath the purple Night above her, Shone Annie’s eyes, and her golden hair, ‘ smile that made all to love her. With a step so still she glided in— With a voice so sweetly broken: — -*0 mother, dear mother, such grief is sin; _ Behold, of thy tears, the token!’ She looked: ’twas a goblet of crystal glass, In her child’s pure hand ’twas glowing: _ *Q mother, ’tis filled with thy tears; alas, One drop! it were overflowing. : 1 ‘One drop! then no rest in the grave were mine, — o joy when my spirit would hasten; Jit ike. ie haan tbh dioast Gi ves th divine, vials that chestea - Jt vanished; then softly and sweetly bright Came a strain as from angels’given; And she saw, where a star shot its trackway of light, Little Annie had gone to heaven! _— —eEEeee 7 . -_* Itis a prevalent notion in parts of Gemany, that exces- sive grief on the part of the survivors affects the repose or the happiness of the deceased. In Bechstein’s Marchenduch, is a story founded on the same supposition, | [Chambers’ Edinburgh Journal. oiler itimaapsimmntsts An Amusing Sketch. The following is an extract from one of the series of articles in the Home Journal, entitled, ‘‘ Qut-Doors at Idlewild,” by N. P. Wittis, It is decidedly hu- morous, and has a plain moral:— . I mentally took back, to-day, some of my strong language on the subject of highway pigs. It was somewhat an unexpected retrocession, rove | for, coming " out from my gate, on the river side, I found some thrifty clover, which had been sown around the posts on the road-side, completely rooted mp bY snouts that should, at least, have had ringsinthem. With my “home thus made slovenly and inelegant to the eye of . the transient passer-by, I was making a large coun- ter-charge of new happiness to which I had, by this new sorrow become entitled, when I overtook an old woman loaded heavily with baskets and bun- ‘dles. The look over her shoulder at the empty seat in my waggon woald have been irresistable from the mere largeness of the favor—as she was doubtless bound to Newburgh like myself, and a ‘’lift’? would save her four miles of trudging in a hot sun, and the two tolls on the way—but she was, to me, a volume in a library I love to dip into—a history of a life being lived, of which I and the recording angel would thus read the chapter of to-day. A true book, thus opened for one when he has attention to spare, and walking | on its own legs afterwards away, would be a favor to the reader, you would suppose—yet this old woman got into my waggon to be read for a half-hour, and. was grateful to me! How often the apparent givings of this complex life are thus secretly refunded with overpayings ! Under my recent irritation, there was but one sub- ject upon which I was likely to converse, and, as a “Jenimy,” gi course, an understand: that a foot-passen ornamental, [ happily seem rather than bestowing any very great, children are very commun uti ey carrying, as.you drive - more’ voluminous—certe /mon people think somethy eae ‘assort it. -sell.”? DHE COUNTRY GENTLEMAN PI néighbor’s dog crossed the road in chase of a pig, I remarked upon the different fates of the different clas- ses to which ‘the two animals belonged—dogs and don- ts valued. woman ful- efore death, pigs and p cS ' r atJy. or not the o! Bay belieden pon the character’of ch life-time praise. him clearly an exception to my theory. His running loose upon the road and fattening with no cost or trou- ble to her, his faithfulness to his pen, his endurance of the dogs and hg innocent ways with the children, were described’ lovingly enough to make a live poet envious. Unpopular as he must needs be abroad, ‘*Jemmy” was, at home, an idol. She stuck to the theme. It was evident that the world, for her, might be divided into two equal parts—her pig and residue- dom. I regretted, I say, that I had been so general in my war upon the swine loose in my neighborhood. If “Jemmy” had chanced to be among them, it” would not be amends enough that I might relish him hereafter as pork—-pork, which had thus made an old. woman happy, having been, it seemed to me, deserv- ing of respect while in pig. (Mem. to advocate con- side rateness toward stigmatized classes, and especially to pre-pork the poets who are yet to be cut up and sold. * * * * * The road I frequent, between Idlewild and New- burgh, has no public conveyance; and, there is, of i ng its four or five miles, titled to. “a lift,” in vehicle going “his with a spare seat. In plain waggon, with a pair of horses pickings-up; and, on tha the telegraph-wires drop ‘do ' Seorets they ‘are any thibse something—about every bot yw thir teach. In pas- sing the villa of my magnificent neighbor ‘the Com- modore,” the other day, who “keeps a yacht and ne- ver drives the same carriage twice,” I was told (also,) that he was “worth ten cents a minute.’ My own house was pointed out to me as the residence of a man_ that ‘ publishes a paper in poetry.’ The different wages that are made, the different ways of rn (rad odd time, the experience in cows, pigs and poultry, and the characters of the “chaps and girls,” are mat- ters that let in many aside-light upon my trips to £0 on very } h peo- | oh ewburgh. I find the common air much socialized and varied. The landscape is loveli- er, I find, when, under every chimney-smoke which I see back of us on the mountains, I think it probable I thus have an acquaintance. on 2 ‘ Rutes ror Lapy Printers.—l. Must. be. at the office whenever required. 2. No reading of motto pa- pers and love stories, during the working hours. 3. No “hand” shall be allowed to have her beau in the office to see her set type, at any time. 4. ° No matter how gifted a ‘‘ hand’? may be at making pies at home, if she makes pi in. the office, she shall be compelled to 5. No “hand”? shall sit in the sanctum lon- ger than to procure copy, unless requested by the edi- tor. 6. No attempting to: kiss the editor for the sake of “clean copy.” He will use his prerogative to kiss or scold all “hands,” as occasion may require. 7. Ladies who bring their dinner, shall not make a din- ing saloon of the sanctum, nor use proof-paper for a table cloth. 8. Any lady “hand” about to emigrate to the state of Matrimony, shall give at least one month’s notice, that her place may be supplied by another. 9. No married woman_will be allowed to work in this office, provided it be known. 10. No lady shali be allowed to laugh at the motion of another while engaged at the case. 11. No smoking, chew- ing, or dram-drinking allowed in the office. 12. No gossiping, quarrelling, pulling of hair, scratching of faces, or singing love songs during working hours; and no lady shall have free admission to, or orders for the theatre, opera, or other places of amusement, un- less accompanied by a gentleman.—Home Journal. iy . ‘ Covtpn’r Spare Him.—‘I say, Square, what'll you take for that are dog o’ your’n?” said a Yankee dlar to an old Dutch farmer, in the neighborhood of ancaster, Pa., “what'll yeou take for him? He ain’t a very good-lookin’ dog; but what was you cal’- lating ‘may be he’d fetch?’ “Ah!” responded the Dutchman, “dat dog ishn’t wort not’ing, ’most; he ish’nt wort you to buy ’um.”’ ‘Guess tew dollars abeout would get him, would’nt it? Ill give you that for him.”. ‘* Yaas; he ishn’t wort dat.” “Waal, T’ll take him,” .said the pediar. “Shtop!? said the Dutchman, ‘‘dere’s one t’i@g about dat dog I gan’t “Q, take off his collar; I don’t want that; suggested the pedlar. ‘’Tain’t dat,’ replied Myn- heer, ‘‘ he’s a boor dog; byt. gan’t sell de wag of his dail when I contes home!” made |. ny | ead. World, hewailin more useful than | fA rm PARRAARADRRARARAAALADAALLALON"0 Wuicnu ts THE WEAKER Sex ?—Females are called the weaker sex, but why? If they are not strong, who is? When men must wrap themselves in thick garments, and incase the whole in astout overcoat to — ‘shut out the cold, women in thin silk dresses, with neck and shoulders bare, or nearly so, say they are ar» Aaamoss x ra ‘When men wear'water-proof ts Over woolen hose, and incase the whole in India- ‘rubber to keep them from freezing, women wear thin silk hose and cloth shoes, and pretend not to feel the cold! When men cover their heads with furs, and then complain of the severity of the weather, women half cover their heads with straw bonnets, and ride twenty miles in an open sleigh, facing a cold north- _ wester, and pretend.not to suffer at all. They can sit, too, by men who smell of rum and tobacco-smoke enough to poison the. whole house, and not appear more annoyed than though they were a bundle of ro- ses. Year after year they can bear abuses of all sorts from drunken husbands, as though their strength was made of iron. And then is not woman’s mental strength greater than man’s? Can she not endure suffering that would bow the stoutest man to the earth? Call not woman the weaker ‘vessel; for had she not been stronger than man the race would long since have. Ww i ch been extinct. Here is a state of endurance man could not bear.—American Cotirier, qua Chambers’ Journal. ' d by « stivnsiantil ; g the apathy of _ Mustc.-A. musical ” musical science. He break” out thus: -* Why, sir, T would almost, if it wére within my capacity, establish and uphold with a musical terror, a musical , I would demand of every pa- rent, guardian, corporation or county court, that each and every child, from the earliest capacity of receiv- ing instruction, should be taught the LANGUAGE OF ANGELS—Music! I would to-morrow have five mil- lions’ of infant youthful voices in these United States, singing t , B, ©, of heaven’s speech.” : ee oe ~ - Cuarity At Home.—We must candidly confess, seeing how life is sacrificed at home at the requisition of corruption and cupidity, our sympathies for the wrongs of distant nations are less active. When we see the poor of this city treated like inferior beings ; encouraged in their filthy habits; permitted to indulge in debauchery under statute; allowed to work in the _ sun with the thermometer at one hundred and twenty, ere is plenty to do in reforming ourselves, we think : : a le ino a wee! page ce he, . VAS ng to -' Titre: oa eR A Norz ox Noszs.—It. was Napoleon who said, “Strange as it may appear, when I want any good head work done, I choose a man provided his educa- tion has been suitable, with a long nose. His brea- thing is bold and free, and his brain, as well as his lungs and heart, cool and clear. In my observations of men, I have almost invariably found a long nose and head go together.” THE COUNTRY GENTLEMAN IS PUBLISHED EVERY THURSDAY, ; By LUTHER TUCKER, Proprietor, At 395 Broadway, Albany, N: Y. . LUTHER TUCKER anv JOHN J. THOMAS, Eprrors, JOSEPH WARREN, Assistant Ep:ror. TreRMs.—To City Subscribers, whose papers are delivered by carriers, $2.50 per year. — wat ; To i Subseribers, $2.00 a year, if paid in advance—or $2.50 if not paid im advance. . ~The postage on this paper is but 6} cents per quarter—pay- able in advance—to any part of the United States, except the county of Albany, where it goes free. , ADVERTISEMENTS.—A limited number of advertisements will be inserted, at the rate of $1.00 per square of 12 lines for the first insertion, and 50 cents for each subsequent inser- tion. THE CULTIVATOR:. A MONTHLY JOURNAL OF Agriculture, Horticulture, and Domestic Economy, ' THE PRICE REDUCED TO 50 CENTS A YEAR. This standard AGRICULTURAL MoNTHLY commences with - the new year, its Tutrp Serres. It is published in the same superior style, and will now be more valuable than ever, as the choicest Agricultural and Horticultural articles*in THz CounTRY GENTLEMAN will appear in its pages. The price hereafter will be as follows: : ‘Single copies, Fifty Cents—Eight copies $3—any)larger number at the same rate. All subscriptions must commence with the January No., and the payments must in all cases accompany the order for the paper. ; LUTHER TUCKER, Publisher, Albany, N. Y. Postmasters and all friends of agricultural improvement, are respectfully invited to act as agents for THE CuLTIVATOR and Tur Country GENTLEMAN.