The Country Gentleman (magazine) of September 8, 1853
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¢ This was a high compliment. to,‘* Mapes’ Improved ” from Deburgh, who; if any one, had a right to complain of Mr. Johnson’s analysis. But Mr. Mapes, instead of appreciating the favor Mr. Johnson and ourselves had done him, chose to as- sume the attitude of a persecuted and much abused man, and in his July number, informs us that he is “well aware of the precise merits of Mr. S. W. John- son’—that he knows ** his precise position in relation to the analyses—the cause of its being made, the his- first tank, D, is filled with clay, turf, or loam, alarge ‘tory of its use, and every other fact py TAIT y with it, portion of clay being desirable; and the second tank, E, with charcoal dust. The liquid finds its way through | these substances by the foree of gravity, and by eapil- lary attraction. T'wo sets of these tanks are placed at the foot.of each sewer or drain, and as soon as the and shall, at his discretion, -and at a proper e700 make proper use of these facts.” Not content. with this, ing, he goes on to say that, although Mr. Johnson hi ided his Super-phosphate to béjithe best, to be cheap at $50 a ton, and freeing Mr. ble necesgity of doing so. ourselves.” & | | the public, that ‘ unless his (Mr. Johnson ix a age e, to carry the drainage as near as. m, if eeible, on a hill-side, where: the soil - reply to the puerile and constantly vari notices he has made of Mr. Johnson’s article, has failed briefly this attack on Johnson from any article made under his recipe,’ nevertheless, ‘the analysis is in error; that ‘we have avoided so saying in our columns, hoping that some chemist would see these errors, self-evident on the face tan the analysis, and would publish them, saving us from ~Noessinat 2 assures aver= tant errors are referred to and explained by others wit hin |} the current month, next ensuing, we shall reviev analysis critically, and shall be able to show how both he, and other more experienced chemists have fallen into similar mistakes.” ; Failing himself to detect or to point out these “ self- evident errors,”? he succeeded, after —* labor in procuring the assistance of a gentleman who signs himself “‘ Dr. Charles Enderlin,”? who comes to his ai in the August No. of the Working Farmer, and in a communication of five columns, endeavors to point them inten on of injuring him, or the “| out. The scientific value of the Doctor’s criticisms will be seen by the subjoined article by Mr. Jos. Harris, one of the editors of the Genesee Farmer, a gentleman abundantly qualified by years of active service in one of : the best analytical laboratories of England, to speak {| correctly upon the subject. We copy his remarks a justice to Mr. Johnson, who is at present pursuing his _ studies at Leipsic, in Germany, though we doubt whe- ther, if he were now here, he would take the trouble to charges and insinuations of Mr. Mapes, who, in the four different to point out a single error, or to exhibit any evidence of a capacity to “review his analysis critically.” ‘The analysis of ‘‘ Mapes’ improved superphosphate of lime”, by S. W. Johnson, published nae Corkins Gentleman of March 3d, has been pronounced by Mr. Mapes erroneous; and he stated that the error lay so palpably on the face of it, that if no one else pointed it out he should feel obliged to do it himself. For the credit of science be it recorded, that there is at. least one other chemist in the United States besides Mr. Mapes who has discovered the errors of Mr. Johnson’s analysis. This learned individual is Dr. Enderlin, New-York—according to Mr. Mapes, one of the chemists of the age, and a gentleman who, ac to his own statements, has made many valuable coveries in chemical science. We are rather surprised that such a great and learned man should be so much a sycophant as this reply to S. W. Johnson indicates. ere Mr. Johnson at home we should not, of course, interfere in the controversy; but as that gentleman i is now in Europe, it may not be out of place to examine is scientific reputation. ‘The first great error Dr. Enderlin points out is, that Mr. Johnson calls the phosphate of lime found in bones, coprolites, apatite, &e., &¢., “neutral” phosphate in- stead of “ basic” phosphate ; he gives the true com- position, but makes a mistake j in the name. To correct this grievous nominal error, the learned critic devotes two columns of closely printed matter. Nowy,«-Mr. Johnson was writing for practical. agriculturists, and wished to make his meaning as intelligible as possible. He doubtless knew, as well as the profound Dr. E., that there were other compounds of phosphoric acid and’ ; lime; but he also knew that the only two compounds | that concerned. the agriculturist in relation to super- phosphate were the hone earth phosphate of lime, and the superphospha of lime; the one insoluble in wa- ter, the other quite soluble. Now, to convert the one tu the other we add sulphuric acid, which takes xe, a portion of lime, producing a compound contain- ing more phosphoric acid than the ori ginal sphate. Mr. Johnson ealls the first the on 5% phate, and ‘the other the acid Bina Rag
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_ Another error is thus statec i ori || acid is set free which could combine with the undecdm- posed phosphate (as Mr: Johnson thinks to be the ease) J , te | > ee : ; idea of the two compounds? | give us two names that would ¢ d: “That no phosphoric. is easily to be understood from the above exposit the chemical process.’ The exposition is this phosphate of lime contains three atoms of lime w with one atom of phosphoric acid; the superphosp of lime contains one atom of lime united with one atom of phosphoric acid. Now, when we add to phos- phate of lime two atoms of sulphuric acid, two of the lime are taken away, and the remaining atom of ‘lime is united with the atom of phosphoric acid. Admitting this exposition to be true, is not phosphorie acid set Free, and does it not unite with the umdecomposed phosphate, as Mr. Johnson supposed? We can under- stand the process in no other way. The phosphoric acid is combined with the whole of the lime; the two atoms of lime do not exist separat When part of the lime is taken away the phosphoric acid united with it must, for anght we can see tothe contrary, be set Sree prior to its combinatic h the remaining un- decomposed phosphate whereby it forms the superphos- phate of lime. ‘This is the Second great error of Mr. Johnson. | ¥ sree ate . - The third re egregious, and is thus stated : ** That no fr uric acid can be present in such & manure when the named proportions of sfflphuric acid and bone earth are employed, and the mixture is carefully and thoroughly stirred up and left at rest for ficient time, is perfectly evident. Nevertheless, Johnson found, against all chemical possibility, in ‘Mapes’ improved’ 20-98 per cent. insoluble phos- phate of lime, and 5,06 ‘per cent. free sulphuric aeid. * * When we find such an analysis we can not but have _ doubts respecting the ability and experience of the analyst.” This, we presume is the error which Mr. Mapes said lay so-plainly on the face of the analysis. Let us examine it'a little. It is true that phosphate of ‘% lime and sulphuric acid can not be brought into direct chemical contact without decomposition. For instance: were both in solution it would be ‘ against all chemi- cal possibility’ to find free sulphuric acid and uude- composed phosphate of time. But in a dry mixture, as when calcined bones and sulphuric acid are mixed to- gether, this direct chemical contact does not necessa- rily take place, and consequently the sulphuric acid and phosphate of lime may exist in such a mixture. without chemical action. Werecollect once trying to convert “ half-inch bones” into superphosphate of lime. The bones were first moistened with the proper quantity of water, and then ‘sulphuric acid at intervals, added in sufficient quantity to more than convert the whole into superphosphate. The mixture was well and thoroughly stirred, and-oc- casionally turned over for two months, yet not half the bones were acted on by the sulphuric acid—the out- side of the bones merely were decomposed. Does any one suppose that in such a mixture itis “ against all chemical possibility’ for free sulphuric acid and unde- composed phosphate of lime to exist ? 7 Again: When conducting some experiments on a large scale in the Rothamsted laboratory on the manu- facture of superphosphate, we found that it was impos- sible to make a good manure unless the substance used was ground to an impalpable powder. Thus, animal charcoal, (we presume the article which Mr. Mapes uses in the manufacture of his manure,) we found could not be decomposed unless finely ground. We have used 100 lbs. of sulphuric acid to 100 lbs. of animal reoal, and had still, “ against all chemical possibili- ty,” after well stirring and allowing it to remain a sufficient length of time, a considerable quantity of un- decomposed phosphate and free sulphuric acid. - About fifteen months ago we had sent us a sample of ‘Mapes’ improved” superphosphate of lime. Judging from appearances we thought that the article was manufactured from the unground animal charcoal, and that not more than half of it was acted on by sulphuric-acid—a conclusion we afterwards found to be correct from an analysis by Dr. Antisel. We have no doubt this article contained free sulphuric acid, as it most certainly did undecomposed phosphate. Since then we have seen other samples of Mapes’ “ im- proved,” and conclude that he now grinds his animal charcoal; at all events, it is now a much better manu- factured article—yet still it is not only possible, but we think’ quite probable that it contains free sulphuric acid as well as undecomposed phosphate of lime. So much for the third error of Mr. Johnson. The fourth mistake is thus set forth: Speaking of Mr. Johnson’s analysis, our critic says:, “ We in vain ask, where are the constituents of guano, the oxalic, uric, hydrochloric acids, which in Mapes’ are present in the form of water, oxalate of ammonia, chloride of ammonium, and oxalate of lime? Where is the pot- ash, the urea capable of being converted into carbon- ate of ammonia’? Where is the sulphate of ammoni which is present in large quantities in the improv superphosphate?” A ‘fine piece of rhetoric this, Dr. Enderlin! You are an adept at mystifying a subject, and at showing off your profound learning to your ag- THE, C convey a more distinct [ _and of the ammonia. i aa a been in the habit of considering them of little worth. Are we mistaken? We had supposed that if you knew the amount of ammonia or nitrogen a compound ® | contained, you were in possession of all that was ne-. cessiry to determine the amount and. value of “its urates, urea, oxalate, and other salts of ammonia. This Mr. Johnson has determined. He found that ‘ Mapes’ improved’ contained 15-80 per cent. of or- ganic matter and salts of ammonia, and that this or- ‘ganic matter, &¢., contains 24 lbs. of ammonia; the other 15% lbs. of organic matter contain your oxalic acid, carbon, hydrogen, &ec., and is worth, we think, about as much as 134 lbs. of dried peat. The potash you sO anxiously inquire after, Mr. Johnson did not find. Even admitting the manure to be made as Mr. Mapes states, we do not see how it could contain more than half a per cent. of potash. Another charge brought against Mr. Johnson is, that he found 37 per cent. of sulphate of lime, and that, to let his readers know what it was, he called it “ gyp- sum” or “plaster.”’ It is admitted that this amount of plaster is present, but it is stated that it was not added, but is necessarily present—superphosphate can not be made without it. This is all true, and Mr. Johnson said nothing to the contrary. He found 37 per cent. of “ plaster,” and so wrote it down in his analysis. Does Dr. Mapes intend us to understand that his artificially made plaster is any better than that we obtain from natural sources for $2.50 per ton? This is the last error charged to Mr. Johnson. _We must again apologize to that gentleman for ta- king any notice of so ridiculous and contemptible an attack on his reputation as a chemist. The manner, however, in which the article is heralded and paraded by Mr. Mapes would lead agriculturists to think that this criticism was well founded, and that Mr. Johnson | had made great chemical and analytical mistakes. On the contrary, his analysis is the only one that we have seen which shows the real value of the “ improved su- perphosphate of lime ”—it is the only one that gives us the percentage of soluble superphosphate of lime 7 ca ape N ew-Hampshire Agriculture. Transactions of the New-Hampshire State Agricul- tural Society, for 1850, 1851, and 1852: We are indebted to Henry F. Frencu for a copy of this neat volume, comprising the proceedings of the Society from its origin‘to the preserit time. It shows’ the intelligence and energy of its members, acting as they do without any assistance from the State govern- ment. The volume is mostly occupied with records of proceedings, reports of committees, awards of premi- ums, and other matters of local interest; it also con- tains some papers and statements of much general value, portions of which we take the liberty of laying before our readers. ‘ MANURE OF ONE Horsz.—The following experi ment by Humpnrey Moor, of Milford, with the ma- nure of one horse, applied to one acre of corn, is valu- ble and interesting, and would have been more so, had the ordinary crop without manure been given. A portion of loam or clay, well intermixed with the manure, in addition to the peat, would doubtless have been an im- provement, by more completely retaining the volatile manure : The manure of one horse, stabled a little more than six months, I composted with about an equal quantity of swamp muck.- With this I mixed one cask of slaked lime. In the winter, as the heap was in pro- gress, I threw into it from time to time layers of the muck, which kept it from excessive fermentation, and received the steam which would otherwise have flown off. In the spring I overhauled it twice. The 8th of May I began to apply it to an acre of ground for an Indian corn crop. The land is.intervale, not alluvial. It is a free, open soil. Four or five crops of grass had been mown and taken from it, and,{to use common lan- guage, it was bound out. It-was broken up last au- tumn. Inthe spring it was harrowed and furrowed. The whole of the manure was put in the hill. As the manure was not quite enough decomposed, a little of the soil was thrown over it before the corn was dropped, which was of the common twelve-rowed kind. It was hoed three times in the usual way, at usual expense. It was Harvested the last week in September. ‘The crop amounted to one hundred and thirty-two bushels of ears of corn. ‘ Pouttry.—The following remarks on the breeds of fowls, from the report of the poultry committee, al- though not fully endorsed, we commend to those who are very eager after the new sorts. We must however OUNTRY GENTLEMAN. MILLI cultural readers! We would ask, Is your oxalic. | acid, chlorine, the carbon and hydrogen of urea com- pounds, &c., of much agricultural value? We have a lmit, that the eastern giants possees oue characteris- tie, which although apparently trivial, is really one of no small importance to those who find it necessary to - confine their poultry within bounds, namely, inability to get over a fence, rendering a ten foot picket entirely needless : ! : Then as to barn fowls—your committee are of the opinion that too much attention is paid to the breeding of China and other fancy fowls. In breeding fowls, the main object is to breed such varieties as are the most prolific, and have the best table qualities; and your committee are of the opinion that this object can be most readily attained through natives, Dorkings, and Bolton Greys ; perhaps either of these may be im- proved by crossing, and it.is very probable that a fine variety may be produced by a cross of the native with those from China. But with their present experience, your commtttee believe that neither profit nor good taste suggests the breeding of China hens. They are not great layers; not prolific; are long in getting their growth, and are great eaters ; upon the table are coarse and stringy; and of a certainty. are no ornament to the farm-yard, their form being awkward and ungainly, and their crow being, as has been well observed, “ not the honest Saxon crow, expressive of day-break, love, war, and animal spirits, but a horrid ejaculation, be- tween a Chinese sentence, as described by missionaries, and a badly blown dinner horn.” If these things are so, why is so much attention paid to breeding them? This is a plain question, and shall have a plain answer. It is because speculation, curiosity and fashion will govern people. SwinE.—On the subject of pork-making, and more particularly on the excellence of the Suffolk breed of hogs, which is now coming rapidly into favor, we copy the following extracts from the report on Swine: ~ Mr. Colman said that some of the farmers in the river towns, (on the Connecticut,) who are in the habit of stall-feeding ,cattle, consider five bushels of potatoes equivalent to one bushel of corn; others think four bushels of potatoes equal to a bushel of corn. How this may apply in fattening pork, we have no means of judging’ But if five bushels of potatoes in fattening pork is only equivalent to one of corn, the price of po- tatoes for several years past makes them the dearest kind of food. 'The late Col. Phinney of Massachusetts gaye it as his opinion that with Indian corn at one dol- lar a bushel, and potatoes. at thirty-three cents, and pork at twelve cents, hogs may be fatted at a profit, In his experience, he says, four quarts of Indian or barley meal, with an equal quantity of apples, pump-' kins, potatoes or roots, cooked; will give two pounds of © pork. This, pérhaps, is a tolerably correct estimate, from which we may derive some practical hints that may be useful in raising pork for the market. But for several years past, corn in this section of the state has averaged about eighty cents, and potatoes forty cents per bushel, while pork in the round hog has been worth only from five and: a half to six and a quarter cents per pound. From these facts It is apparent that pork raising must be a losing business, with the ordinary breeds of swine prevailing among us. How far our farmers may yet make it a profitable branch of farming, by the moré general introduction of the Suffolk and other im- proved breeds, can only be solved by a series of care- fully conducted experiments. In connection with the foregoing, we give a copy of a paper furnished the Sec- retary by James M. Whiton, Esq., of Holderness, in reference to his swine : ‘The excellence of the Suffolk breed I conceive to be the very small cost at which they are kept, as ‘store pigs,’ and the ease with which they are fatted when it is desired to put them in order to kill. Previous to adopting the Suffolk as the breed for my raising, I made a trial of the Mackie and the native. The Mackie I procured from the late Mr. Phinney, of Lex- ington, Mass., but for some reason or other, we were not successful with them. Those I had did not prove to be prolific. The natives I procured in the vicinity. They were ‘nondescripts,’ of course, what were called ‘handsome looking pigs.’ For want of name, I called them sharks. I am satisfied that of such hogs the corn used in fattening will sell for more money than the pork after it is made, and rather than keep such, it is economy to buy pork and sell the com. We do not think it advisable generally to have pigs in the fall. Owing to the greater cost of raising and risk of loss, as well as extra care required, it is more profitable to raise in tne spring only. ‘I'wo or three young sows have got to the boar, however, from which we get five pigs this fall, The whole expense of keeping our stock of eighteen hogs from June Ist to October 7th, is the consumption of the following articles. all produced on the farm, viz :— Slops from the kitchen, (not valued.) 11 bushels corn, at 83 cents,-----++++eeeeeees $9 15 fe) “ oats, at 374 cemts, -+---+++eee eee 3 37 36 “barley, at 75 cents, ---+--- eoeerees 27 00 40 “© refuse potatoes, at 25 cents,--+----- 10 0
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a ee a i ad 2 loads imperfect pumpkins,--+>+-+++ ++*+++- 2 00 Weeds and green materials thrown in (not val- ‘ ued.) fie $51 50 Contra. By a large lot of manure from thirty to forty loads, as estimated, and five pigs, al- together not less than: o- - 2s -ceccccsecccceces 45 00 ' Actual cost of the eighteen, (besides labor,)--- $6 50 ' Of these eighteen, one is the sow now exhibited, ' which we have fatted to kill in October. Three are the barrows which have been a little better fed than the rest, to encourage their growth, and which we shall in a few weeks begin to fatten in order to kill in Janu- ary. Of the residue, two are boars and twelve are sows, from which we expect pigs next year, if we meet with no accident. I think it safe to estimate that the cost of summering a store hog of the Suffolk breed, exceeds the value of the manure, very little, if any. The cost of fattening one may be seen by the fat sow I exhibit. Taking into account beyond this the value of the pigs, and it will be seen that it is the only breed we have yet had, the raising of which affords the farmer any visible profit. Some extracts from the excellent paper of H. F. French, on the cultivation of Fruit, will be found in its appropriate department in this number. —p— ' The Potato Crop and The Season. Urica, Aveusr 9, 1853.—Though the season of ve- getation has not closed, yet the weather and the pro- gress of the crops are such that a pretty definite judg- ment of the future may be formed in regard to many crops. The month of June was very hot. Indeed, trom the tenth to the 23d, inclusive, there were fourteen hotter days than have occurred in that month for many years. This weather was very favorable to corn, but quite too impulsive for potatoes. July, until the 26th, was a very dry month, and cool throughout. Corn rotted badly towards its close, and potatoes were much browned. A calm rain of near! an inch and a half fell on the 26th, and was haga by three days and four nights of still, coolish, and dark weather, which allowed the earth and exhausted vege- tation thoroughly to imbibe this moisture. Then again, August 2d and 4th, each gave nearly thiee-fourths of an inch of rain, and the 5th and 6th nearly two inches more, the weather continuing to be of the same favor- able character as that which followed the 26th of July. The’ result of these rains, and of this weather, was more marked than anything of the kind which has oc- curred for many years. Corn has perfectly recovered its health, and potatoes, though much browned ‘by the previous drouth, have become quite green. Had these rains been followed by cold winds, or burning sunshine, how different would have been the result. It should here be carefully noted that corn and po- tatoes which, at the second hoeing, about the middle of June, were plowed deeply with a small subsoil plow passed thrice between the rows, (once very near the hills and oncé in the center,) suffered much less from drouth than those not thus cultivated. Equally evi- dent was the advantage of hoeing without hilling. Crops thus treated did not cease growing during the drouth, and when the rain finally came, revived much more rapidly than those not thus treated. Early vari- eties, that were also planted early, have not been be- nefitted by the rain; neither have some others that were carelessly cultivated. The prospect of late plant- ed fields, especially vom sir were dened treated, is now fair, . We are all interested in the quiestion-_-wit there be disease this year? Within the last two or three weeks diseased tubers have been occasionally seen in our city market. But they have not increased—and what is much more important, the foliage has not showed much evidence of disease. The few signs of disease, and the weather with which they have been connected, have been as follows: A slight shower, June 23, was followed by three days and four nights of cold, windy weather, with a morning temperature of 50 degrees. At the close of this chill, June 28th, I found ‘at 7 o’clock A. M., the atmospheric temperature at 60 de- grees, while that of the earth, at six inches deep, in my corn field, was 64 degrees. This shows how tena- given next week. THE COUNTRY GENTLEMAN. - NAAR AAA LDADDALODWP PPIs rnnres 00 OOOO ciously the earth holds its heat after it has been tho- a roughly warmed. lt also explains the fact that dry chills injure vegetation so much less than those of the same temperature when following copious rains. This chill was not, however, without some effect, as July 1st exhibited blue points, wilted leaves, and falling flowers in the potatoes. July 30 gave nearly an inch of rain, followed by cool days on the 5th, 6th and 7th, and by increased signs of disease. As the last rain, considering the dry state of the earth, had produced but little impression, and had been followed by one pleasant day, so the change of weather was nearly equivalent toa dry change. Thus up to the 7th of July, the total pressure of trying changes had not been great nor unusual for this climate, though much greater than last year, and the influence on the potato had been correspondingly slight. The unusual- ly brown appearance of many fields at the close of July, was to be attributed to the drouth much more than to disease. z yd. The difference in the action of the two causes is this: drouth gradually browns the foliage, and in extreme cases, prematurely ripens the whole plant. Disease suddenly produces blue points and rusty spots on the leaves, which speedily become black. In other cases disease produces a sudden mildew which also speedily turns black, and in extreme cases involves the vine as well as the foliage. The early crop is now nearly harvested, and though light, was mostly healthful. Considering how long the crop was held nearly stationary by drouth,*it may be expected, in favorable cases, to grow late in the fall. The yieldin such cases may be tolerably good, but cannot equal that of last year. Should its present revived condition be followed by hot rains and burning heat, or should its late growth terminate in cold, wet, and windy weather, we may yet experience considerable disease. In this last case, the signs of disease on the tuber may not appear at the fall digging, but will be seen later. Let those who find their potatoes growing late, dig them before much exposure to wet chills. The yield may not be so great as when dug later, but it will be proportionably healthier. As the weather since the sixth has been less favora- ble than before, I will not close this article now, but watch its changes. C. B. GoopRicu. The conclusion of Mr. Goopricn’ s remarks, will be é Vermont State Fair. ' We hope the farmers of New-York will not forget ‘the Vermont State Agricultural Fair, at Méntpelier, Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday, Sept. 13; 14 and 15. Grounds to the extent of forty acres have been enclosed and arranged for the Fair, and the farmers of the Green Mountains will fill them with the choice pro- ductions of their fertile hills and valleys. Montpelier possesses considerable attraction as a village, and no one will regret the time spent in visiting the State, at this Agricultural festival. vn We are authorized to say that. all, eniehsle and arti-_ cles for exhibition, will be conveyed and returned free | on all the railroads in Vermont, on the Northern road in New Hampshire, on the Saratoga and Whitehall road in New-York, and on the steamers Canada and America, on Lake Champlain; and that on all of the above named routes, visitors will be conveyed for half fare, or for fare one way only. — Persons residing out of the State, may become mem- bers of the Society, and compete for premiums on for- eign stock, plowing, agricultural’ implements, and all articles coming under the head of discretionary premi- ums; and may make entry of animals or articles of any class, for exhibition merely, which will be admit- ted within the enclosure for that purpose, if deemed by the Executive board, or its agent at the Boot ary’s Office. Labor in England. tarvation, and degredation, which some years ago evailed so extensively in the British Isles, furnishes: owing cheering description of the present condi- the laboring population : cious Prov ‘idence, there is now no complaining in our — streets; the millions were never so. ‘well fed, never so well clothe at present. The prosperity which com- menced ar anufacturing po ulation has reach-_ ed the rural rs. There is longer a merit in employing lé¢ ad the ‘difficulty is where to find them. There is no longer a hardship in being com- pelled to employ he workhouses are empty, and the poor’s rates are = Man is no longer a weed— n to be a weed again in een solved of a self-sup- i to the peasantry of : given the first solu- rn when two laborers sters will be look- 03 ‘Sp we may add, is no England. The prob! porting system of emi \, Ireland belongs the merit 0: tion of it. Ifthe time should ey shall be looking for one sind rt themselves to lands where two ing for one laborer. The price of every a tural produce is rising because the millions fare con- suming largely: that no one can deny; and foi he in the course of our history the ‘advance of wages p cede8 the advance in the cost of the laborer’ aa ood We will not attempt to investigate the causes of this change; we will leave the advocates and the cea of free trade to discuss the share which it has had in in producing it. Our opinions of the effects of the new gold fields on prices are on record—we do not expect any great monetary revolution from that cause; but the sons of toil, the men of thews and sinews who knew nothing of their own county twenty miles from home, have been tempted across the ocean by the gold fields, and the ocean has lost its terrors. The tide of emigra- tion has only slackened because wages in the old coun- try are approaching the rate at which labor is remiune- rated in new countries. —~»— The Secret of a Large Crop. 1. A soil containing all the elements of nutrition. Among many other things, corn and potatoes must have silicate of potash, apples, require lime, pears need phos- phates, &c. Analysis, and wise experience without analysis, will suggest what crops suit particular soils, and how the deficiencies of soil may bt be remedied by manures. 2. A proper proportion of anil air, light, and heat. Moisture forms the juices that circulate through the plant, carrying the minerals received from the earth, and the elements contributed by the air. It is a main ‘agent in the elaboration of these things, and their final deposition in the seed and fruit. Air is needful as con- tributing part of the food of the plant. Heat and light are indispensable stimulants of all vegetable processes. 3. Wise Cultivation. Plowing, &c., developes the mineral elements of the soil, affords a passage for the roots, and favors the action of moisture, air, light and heat. At the same time, it removes all other vegeta- bles that would prevent the growth of the main crop. 4, Congeniality and length of season. —Suppose, | a field of corn on a good soil. Congeniality of season secures a proper proportion of moisture, air, light and heat, and their wise action and interaction. Length of season will give largeness | to the results of such a soil in such a season. C. Ez. Goopricu. Utica, Aug. 26¢h, 1853. —peiiliete Great Sale of Sasiaehedl Stock. _ The sale of the Madison County Importation of Short Horns, &e., advertised in this paper, to take place -on the 27th inst., deserves the attention of all who wish to obtain the best class of animals that can be found in the world. Messrs. Browning, Farrar & Phillis who went to England last Spring, as Agents for the Compa- ny, and made the: selections, are experienced Stock farmers, and thorough judges; and having made their selections from the best herds in England, in advance of all other American purchasers, they feel quite safe in asserting that no better lot of animals has been ported this year, if ever, into this country. The catalogue will show that the pedigrees are equal to any in the herd book.. [See advertisement in this pa- per.}—Ohio Cultivator. a Mark Lane ‘Express, after speaking of the mise~ a : hanged i is the picture now! Thariks to a gra-
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PARR RR RRA RRR nnn iM Hotes for the Bleek, POA Recent Importation oF nace pei the Mary Carson, at Philadelphia, having been seve eight days on her passage, there arrived two D D heifers for Dr, Henman WENDELL of. this ci four Durham heifers imported by Gzo. Vai, Esq a ' Troy, for 8. P. Coapman of Madison county, 2 and two tho- rough bred Deven heifers and one Devon bull, for Gro. Vat, Esq, of Troy. a The Durhams imported by _ . - Vail, are from the herd of Robe er nim dell and Mr. ‘Be , and are bred is Bates, Esq. The lows: ‘ Lady Liv- ork, (EH. H. B. 10,166;) pedigrees of Dr. Wendell’s ares erpool,” sired by 3d. Duke of 0 dam Lily, by 2d Duke Maud,” sited by Gr wid Di in (19,284;) dam Cicely, by Duke of Nor thumberland. These arrivals make a fine adie on o Dr Wendell’s stock, in which are seve- ral heife orth ‘ie Duke of Wellington, and Meteor, et pre nium bull formerly owned by Mr. Vail. » following are the pedigrees of Mr. hy : “ Agate,” sired by 3d Duke of York; dam lets: by 3d Cleveland Lad; “ Bright. Eyes 3d,” sired by Harl Derby, (10, 177), dam, Bright Eyes 2d, by Lord. George. Bentick ; - Frantic,” sired by 4th Duke of York; dam, Faith, by 4th Duke of Northum- York, dam, Cicely, by Duke of Northumberland. _ Mr. Vail’s Devon heifers are from the herd of Lord Leicester, and the bull is from the herd of John T. Davy, the editor of the Devon Herd Book, We learn that Mr. Vail has concluded to collect a small select herd of Devons for his farm, as breeders. The same vessel also brought two Short-horn heifers for Lorrilard Spencer, Esq., of Westchester; a Short- horn bull, “Harry Lorrequer,” ‘sold-at Mr. Fawke’s bulls, “ Liberator” and “Squire Gwynne 2d,” bred by J. 8. Tanqueray, of Henden, near London, as well as several others from other breeders; and a lot of Cotswold sheep. These last are for parties, we under- stand, at Boston and in some of the western states. pn Agricultural Societies. _ AuBAny County.—The preparations for the First, | Fair are now progressing. The grounds selected for the Show, are situated about three miles from the city, and embrace a fine grove. The prospects of the so- ciety are such that the Managers have offered. premi- ums to the amount, of $1,000, and are using eyery, possible exertion to secure a show. which will be, a, credit ty the county and state. A goodly degree of interest is manifested by. the farmers, and we have reason to ex- pect, that, considering their inexperience in such mat- | ters, they will do themselves justice fat the, Fair, espe- cially in the stock department. Perhaps. no city of its size can equal Albany, in the variety and extent of its manufactures, and with a lit- tle effort on the part of each manufacturer, a splendid exhibition of manufactured articles might be made. With a view of offering every facility for such display, the Society have provided a large tent, which’ will be mainly devoted tothe purpose, and respectfully and earnestly solicit evefy manufacturer and dealer in ma- nufactured ‘articles in the county, to contribute ‘to, the Pair. The mutual interests of both city and county “will be promoted in this way, while such a display will 3 aa materially to the general attractiveness of the show. Tuesday, Oct. 4, will-be devoted to entries and ar- ranging articles for exhibition. Wednesday the grounds will be « opened to the public. The Plowing Match takes | place at'10 o’elock, A. M., and a trial of Mowers and | Reapersat2 P.M. The Prize animals will be shown “Thursday morning: at 10 o’clock, after which there be a publie sale of such stock as may be offered. Thurs. day afternoon, the Annual Address will be delivered, © andthe Premiums declared. The following Superin- a. ponies Ik have been appointed : 3% Oxford, (9046;) “ Alice | Chapman’ 3 | berland, and Boukie, (cow,). sired by 4th Duke of | mn ws Gen. Sup’t.—E. H. Ireland, Watervliet. Sup’t Horses—Elias Milbank, Bethlehem. » ‘* Cattle—D. D. T. More, Watervliet. ‘¢ Sheep—Jas. E. Mackay, Rensselaerville. s¢ Swine—Chris. Batterman, Guilderland. ‘¢ Poultry—Edward Elmendorf, Coeymans. - ‘¢ Vegetables—Andrew Passenger, Albany. ‘¢ Flowers and Plants—Edgar Sanders, Albany. ‘¢ Fruit—Geo. A. Leggett, Bethlehem. : «* Ladies’ Dep.—T. W. Valentine, Albany. ‘* Farm Imp. —Henry Emery, Albany. 66 Miscellaneous—Levi Shaw, Rensselaerville. We trust that the Society will meet with that support and encouragement which it deserves, and that the suc- cess of the Fair will he such, as to give Albany county a rank among the best agricultural counties of the State. RENSSELAER County’'—The annual Fair of this enterprising and efficient society, takes place at Lan- singburgh, Sept. 13, 14 and 15. The address will be delivered’ on the last day by B. P. Jonnson, Esq., Secretary of the State Agricultural Society. , The Society have purchased ample grounds and buildings, which cost about $13,000, for their perma- nent accommodation, and it is doubtful whether any county society in the state can show fixtures equally extensive and convenient. The Society incurred a debt of about $2,700 in the purchase, which it is anxious to liquidate as speedily as possible, when the whole re- ceipts will be applied to’ preminms. We learn that the prospects for the coming show are very good, and we cin asfire the agricultural public, that there will be something worth seeing at WE Nin 1 on the days of the Fair, The example which aamtnld county has set is worthy of imitatiou, and we trust the time is not far distant, when every county will have its. permanent grounds and buildings, and a local habitation as well aga } sale for 130 guineas ; ; also two other valuable young : pare: arg, will be much lesséned. by this method, | and greater stability given to the Society. The. atten- tion of the managers can then be directed to increas- ing the, usefulness of the Society—by changing from time to time the amount of premiums, and the offer- ing special ones for desirable experiments, instead. of pursuing year after year the same beaten course, The expense of arranging grounds, for a Curmune County.—We are indebted to A. I, Wyn-_ Koop, of Chemung, for a copy of the Constitution, By- Laws and Premium list of the Chemung Co, Ag. So- ciety. The Fair is to he held at Horseheads, Oct. 7 and 8. dileidinhedis Witarneton, Vr.—We have received s show bill of this Society, giving notice of an annual Fair, Oct. 4, and offering a large list of Premiums. We ought to have more of these town societies—the more the better; for they all act as a stimulus to each other. id ——>-— ‘A Fixe Specimen or WuEeat.—We were shown, at the ware-rooms of Emery & Co., in this city, a very fine specimen of Soule’s White Chaff wheat, raised by Josrpn Warson of Clyde, Wayne county. A sheaf, which we were assured was a fair sample of the entire field, showed the stalks of uniform height, and every head perfectly filled. The grain is plump and bright, entirely free from any foul substance, and weighs 63 pounds to the bushel. Mr. Watson is already known as among the best farmers in the state, and we are glad to notice. so choice an evidence of’ his skill in wheat- growing. — Frrnco Merinos.—Two small lots of French Meri- nos, from the flocks of S. W. Jewett of Vermont, re- cently passed through this city, on their way to Alaba- ‘ma and Missouri, selected by T. Vivionand E. W. Jen- kins, Esq. It would seem that the “Sunny South” are about to. test the value of this. large race of fine wooled sheep. J.G. J., Ilion.—Thomas’ American Fruit: Culturist is just the work you want. It can be had at most of the book stores throughout the country. Price $1. ——— COUNTRY GENTLEMAN. LPP PLA BLP DP PDL APA LDL LPS + Bomestic Economy. PAA PPADS The Preservation of Eggs for’ Winter Use. I notice on sled 121 of your last, a new mode of preserving eggs. I think Eean describe one that is much better, because cheaper, less roomy, and much more philosophical. It should be borne in mind, that eggs ave mainly composed of albumen, mixed with a minute quantity of the salts of sulphur, phosphorus, lime and magnesia, 'Thé shell consists mostly of lime. - Of the whole weight, the shell constitutes about one- tenth, the white six-tenths, and the yolk three-tenths. Few animal substances are so putrescent as eggs, unless preserved with care. The shell, composed as it is mostly. of lime, glued together with a trifle of animal matter, is its most natural and safe depository. Yet even the shell yields gradually to the action of the atmosphere, so that a part of the watery fluid of the egg escapes, and air occupies its Place, thus injuring the quality of it. The great secret then of preserving eggs, is to keep the interior in an unaltered state. This is best done by lime-water, in which a Tittle common salt is in- fused. This constitutes a fluid perfectly indestructible by air, and one that is so allied to the nature of the shell as not to be absorbed by it, or through it into the interior of the egg. On the other hand, salt or lime, in a dry state, will act on the moisture of the egg, as will strong ashes. This plan, also, will save more eggs . in a given space than any other. It will also admit of keeping them in cellars ever so damp, and, IT had al- most said, ever so foul, since nothing will be likely to act on the lime-water, As eggs are very nearly of the specific gravity of water, and so near with it, I have little doubt that eggs barreled up tightly, i in lime-wa- ter, could be transported as safely a8 pork. Lime-water may be made in the most careless man- ner. Seven hundred pounds of water will dissolve about one pound of lime. A pint of lime, therefore, thrown into a barrel of water, is enough, while, ten times as much can do ne hurt, and will not alter the strength of it. The salt, which I do not deem very im- portant, should be put in in a small quantity, say a quart to abarrel. All are aware, that a, very large quantity of salt may be dissolved in water. Brine, } strong enough for pork, would undoubtedly hurt eggs. Having made your lime-water, in barrels if you are a merchant, and in stone-pots if you are.asmall house- holder, drop your eggs on the top of the water, when they will settle down safely. It is probably important that no bad eggs go in, as it is supposed by some that they would injure others, To test your eggs put them in clean water, rejecting | all that rise. A better reme- dy is to look at them through a tube--say a roll of paper, by daylight, or hold them between your eye and a good candle by night, If the eggs are fresh, they will, in either case, look transparent. IPf they are a little injured, they will look darkish. If much injured, they will look entirely dark. Eggs, well put up and kept in this manner, will keep, I cannot tell how long, but until they are much more plenty and cheap than at present, quite long enough, Leached ashes well dried, and even grain, have, kept eggs very well, in my experience, but.no method is so cheap and obvious as the lime-water. As lime absorbs carbonic acid slowly, and thus becomes insoluble, so almost any lime, even though it has. been slacked for months, will answer the purpose. Lime water, per- mitted to stand still, will immediately be covered with a transparent film. This isthe lime of the water uni- ting with the carbonic acid, of the atmosphere, and re- turning to the state of limestone, and does not hurt the eggs: | Hie T send you this-long account of a small thing, not ‘because it is new, but because many people forget old and very familiar things. C. E. Goopricn. Ufica, August 26th, 1853. —~e»—
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CAA AAAAANAYSY PAPALFAF OOO Rhubarb. | ® This plant is coming very extensively intd use along our Lake Shore, and when the dwellers inland learn to grow it, the same will be generally true. At present, however, it seems to be put to a single use—that of pie-making. It is admirable for this, and the use of it | in this way, will pay amply for its cultivation. But one word as to oeting, it. Some persons peed the stalks before cooking, while others stew them before putting them into the pie. Either is worse than useless. The way is to wash the stalks simply; then cut them into small pieces, put them raw into the pie; apply the sea- soning and bake. One who tries this will never depart from it. But there are other uses for the pie-plant. besides pastry. Vinegar and wine may be made of it. For these purposes, the following method is pursued: Bruise six pounds of Rhubarb stalks in onegallon of cold spring water; let it stand in a moderately cool place five or six days, stirring it now and then each day; then strain it through a sieve, and add four pounds of sugar, and one sliced lemon. Let it stand now without stirring for ten days; then strain it through muslin, and put it ina cask. After fermentation is over, which will last five or six {weeks, add an eighth of an ounce of isinglass. Then either bung the cask, or draw it off in bottles, and keep it in a cool cellar, tilla mm old. This for wine. © make vinegar, proceed in the same way to the put- ting in of the isinglass, which is now omitted; then let it stand in a warm place with bung out till it is vine- ar. The best time to make the wine is after the heats of summer are ovor. Our large Rhubarbs grow on moist soils, till near or quite winter. The earlier and smaller, of course, die down long before.—Prairie Farmer. > ee amar Cooking Fish. _ Some one gives the following very reasonable direc- ‘ tions for cooking fish. ‘To a part of them’ we éan sub- scribe from having had experience thereto relating. The particular varieties of fish may not be common, but the classes to which they belong. include all eatable fish among us. Fish must be put into cold or boiling water, according to its firmness of flesh; for instance, turbot, salmon, mackerel, &c., should be put into cold water; while plaice, whittings, haddocks, and such soft-fleshed as well as crimped fish, should be put into boiling water. The reason is obvious; by putting flaccid and watery tish into the water cold, it is rendered still more soft and watery; but the boiling water sets it and renders it firmer; on the other hand, the cold water penetrates an softens the fish that is of firmer texture, and makes i more tender and delicate. Keep the water skimmed while the fish is boiling. | Fish is cooked enough when it leaves the bone easily. Be sure to wash and clean your fish well. In frying fish, having washed it, dry it , thoroughly in a clean cloth, then flour it well, or whisk it over with egg, and dip into bread-crumbs before frying it. Be sure your pan is very clean, and that your fat (of which there should be enough to cover the fish) boils before you put the fish in. ry fish quickly, of a fine light brown. Some like fish fried in batter—as good a batter as any is a little ale and flour beaten up just as vou are ready for it—then dip the fish in before frying it. Put, plenty of salt in the water in which you boil fich, and- a stick of horse-radish, excepting mackerel, with which - you boil salt, mint, parsley and fennel.—Ib. Eigg Plant. This is a very pleasant vegetable for late summer and fall use. ‘The purple is the only one eaten, the white being merely ornamental, It is a slow grower, and in north- ern latitudes needs to be started in a frame or hot bed. To cook it, the ‘* Soil of the South,” gives us a new re- cipe:—** First, peel the fruit, and slice it thin, boil it: in salt and water until thoroughly done. Now drain off the water, cover it with sweet milk, crumble in some bread and crackers, with pepper, and such other condi- ments as the taste may dictate. Now break in two or three eggs, and as it simmers over the fire, stir all to- gether; as soon as the eggs begin to harden, the meta- morphosis is complete; the oysters are ready for the ta- ble. To fry them, they should be first peeled and par- boiled, then dipped in batter and dropped into boiling lard—taking care to season them properly before fry- ee. —_ skinned and pressed down tight add a quart of brown sugar, and boil them together for an hour and a half; then to each quart of tomatoes add one lemon in slices, with some ginger tied in bags, or you may use the ex- tract, and boil it another hour and a half. Then take it from the fire, and cool it before putting it into the jar. Tie it up tight, and keep it in a cool place. es « ELpERBERRY” Pix.—Prepare the crust as for apple pie—put the under crust on the platter and pour in the fruit till half an inch deep, then sprinkle two spoonfuls of flour and two of sugar over them, and pour on a tea- eupful of sour cream. Put onthe upper crust and bake thoroughly, and you will have a most delicious pie; the best, according to my taste, that can be prepared, and 80 say nearly all who tastethem. A little nutmeg and loaf sugar grated over the pie when first takenfrom the oven, improves it THE COUNTRY GENTLEMAN. - 153 P— PPO PV ALAA ALAA AALLALAAAAAAY Che Grazie =. Ps Ao RRA RRAR RAR AR AARADARARARRRRARIAAA Good Milch Cows. A writer in the Middletown (Conn.) Sentinel and Witness, urges upon the citizens and farmers ‘of that vicinity, the necessity of forming an association for the improvement of the breed of Milch eows—a branch of im- provement to which but little attention, has us yet, been paid in this country. The great object of the principal breeders of cattle in England, has been to produce ani- mals of fine form and symmetry, which will mature early, and fatten at the least expense, with little or no regard to the milking properties of the females. From . herds bred for this purpose, most of our expensive im- portations have been made. The results have proved, in the highest degree, beneficial so far as the production of beef is concerned; and in a greater or less degree in the milking properties of our native cattle. But We want a breed of uniform good milkers; and we,know,of than the breeding of such arace; any individual or as- sociation.which would undertake the work, would de- serve the praise of the country. The writer above al- luded to, says :— ** But we cannot ask any one to take shares in this, or any other project where money is wanted, without meet- gathered from what follows :— A good Cow, to be worthy of the name, should yield, on the average, for the first 100 days after calving, 7} quarts at a mess, or 15 qts. per day, amounting tO -s+++ tee Sr ee ee ‘sesaees 1,500 For the next 100 days, she should average 5 qts._. ata MESS, sees esse ersreerseess teas seeeeese For the stieceeding 100 days, do. 4qt. do.,----- 800 Total number of qts.. +++++++-++++-- ++. 8,300 —giving her a respite of 65 days before calving. 3,300 qts. of milk, at 3 cts. per qt., is very near $100 The cost of keeping may be reckoned as follows: For pasturage, the SEASON,+ +++ str encrreees $12 2 tons DA teense 6 800 lbs. corn meal, or its equivalent,--- 12— 50 Leaving a balance Of,-+++++se++eereeers $50 or 100 per cent. on the cost of keeping, to pay for at- tention and expenses, without estimating the value of her calf, or the manure she may make. If the business be done on a liberal scale, we think there is chance for some profit. Acow that will do this, may be called good. It is common for persons keeping cows, to say, they will give 10 or 12 qts. at mess; but this is not al- ways true—for not one in ten of the cows in Middlesex County, so far as the writer’s knowledge extends, will average so much, for three successive months, with com- mon feed. True, there some instances of muckgreater yield, but the quality is not the best. A gentleman of undoubted veracity, living within a mile or two of the city, assured me, a few days since, that one of hisfcows gave 56 Ibs., (I think it was,) equal to 27 or 28 qts., aily. Ter milk, however, was inferior to that from his other cows. Such cows are rare; but it is from the rarest and the best that a preserve,—if I may use the word,—of cows for breeding and for the dairy should bo selected.” he . Docking Lambs. In the July number of the Cultivator, S. W. Jewett has given what he callsa safe method of docking lambs. Itissimply this: ‘‘ Slit down the skin lengthwise, about about aninch. The artery, if in a lamb, will be seen the size of common knitting-needle. Draw a thread of waxed linen or silk under the artery, with the conimon | straight needle, or one a little crooked at, the point is To Presrrve Ripe Tomarors.—To each quart | better. Tie up tight before you cut off the tail; which you will sever just below the knot. This is all done very easily, and with very little loss of blood. You may sprinkle a little dust or pulverized alumn on the wound to advantage.” : Now I have no doubt that this is all very easily done by Mr. Jewett, or any other person who chooses, but is it so easy for the poor lamb to suffer it. But since Mr. Jewett has given his method of cutting off lambs tails, if he would give his reasons for so doing, and the advan- tages arising from it, I would be very thankful. For my part, Iam opposed to docking any animal, and sheep in particular, and I will give some of my reasons for it. The first is this, a long tailed sheep is of some advantage to the wool-grower, on account of no field, which affords a better prospect of a fair feward,: ing the question, *‘ Will it pay?”? The answer may be e wool on it. And in the second place, itis of great || vantage to the sheep, especially when fliesare plenty. |} nd in the third place, a long tail looks better than ort one.’ And in the fourth place, I think docking - Rei mai is a very barbarous practice, and one I hope will be soon be abandoned. A Farmer. Alleghany Co., Pa. ” mght 3 ‘3 Teter, _— 3 , ty a Ayrshires as Milkers.” by your Country Gentleman of the 25th, a I notice statement of the dairy properties of certain Short-horn JUS cows, for thé purpose apparently, of eliciting informa- || tion as to the comparative values of Durhamsand Ayr- || shires for dairies tds * est. a fdof Norfolk, in this, St. Laws }iMr. Edward M. Sh rence county, isa breeder of Ayrshirds, and while he has made no experiments with particular or individual cows, like your correspondeé . t P., of Sexmett, N. ¥.57? fj which, by the way, is nota preper method of testing , the value of breeds, unless the whole herd be taken, has yet permitted to be published in the papers of this county, at the solcitation of myself and othér trials of his whole herd, the substance of whi submitted. J Oe a 3s. Mr. Shepard lidd 14 cows, Ayrshires aid their Grosses _ on natives, half-bloods, six heifers, milking for the first |) time—time, the third week in June—feed, grass only. Allowing oné cow for family use, and deducting 40 pet cent from heifers, dnd his trial stood thas: % Cows, +++ see rseseeeeees ovrece Gere becwees 8 by Heifers 6, reduced to cows, is, -++++++++++> 38-6 | P 11-6 Deduct one eow for family, is cows, -++-++-- 10-6 The product for the week was 12 Ibs. 12 oz. per cow. The first week in July, feed grass only, and much affec- ted by drouth, ,he milked twenty, eight of which were heifers, milking the first season, and this trial stood thus: sls Lia 1 mn ; 12 cows, less one for family, is,-+----- tees a . 8 heifers, A() per cent off, is + Be at a sere eee y 4-8 f Fall cows, ++ tebe dere eee erences . sisi 28 15-8. The product for the week, per cow, was 14 Ibs. 13 oz. and a fraction over. - pe , But, lest your correspondent might think my allow- — ance for heifers too much, which, however, is conside j ed 4 just allowance by the dairymen of this county, the result of the last trial, without any deduction for their being heifers, and four of them only two years old at that, was 12 lb. 5 oz. and a fraction per head, for the week. : I am advised by Mr. ep that for the purpose of testing the merits of these breeds for the dairy, he will select some five or ten cows from this Ayrshire herd, and ace them for some one week next autumn, or next une, against an equal number of any other pure breed “of the same respective ages, owned by any one breeder or dairyman of the state. The cattle to feed upon grass only during the week, and for two weeks prior to the trial. The time to be notified through the Country Gentlemen. The time to. consist of seven days, four- teen morning and evening milkings, each milking to be weighed, and each days product churned and weighed by itself, and the final test result to be in the aggregate, containing not over one ounce of salt per pound of but- Mr. Shepard will wait the pleasure of your corres+ pondents. .H. G. Foors, Secretary St. Law. Ag. Soci- | i) —— — ; How to Rear Pigs. Mr. Enrror—I have a fine Suffolk sow, which lately hada litter of ten pigs; in the course of forty-eight hours after the pigs were born, she killed six of them, | by over laying and smothering them. I was relatin and.Jamenting the loss, in the presence of an Irish gi that lives in my family, and she immediately said, if they had been in her country, all would have been saved. Isaid, Mary, how do they manage pigs in your country? ‘¢Deara me!” she replied, ‘we put them all ina box, so the mother can’t hurt them.’ ‘¢ Well, how do you feed them?” Tinquired. **O bless my soul,” said she, “we put them with the mother several times during the day, until they are week old, and then they ean take care of themselves.” _ The thought occurred to me, that possibly some others besides myself, might be ignorant of the Irish science of rearing pigs, and if you think proper, you can pub- lish the method for the benefit of the commnsalhy until we get something better oe Congress, or the Colleges, S. D. Watpringe. North Bennitigton, August 25, 4853... - ’ &
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<P : Bey ty , 5h ft =~ ‘ - that even the cold climate and ha : oleae - Horticaltural Department. Seedling Plums, - Mr. EB. Dorr of this city, well known for his dey to fruit culture, has favored us with sample 3 of his seedling plums, which he has named‘ Howe vorite. It is rather large, roundish obovate, with: a slight neck, stem an inch long, in asm all € ity, suture indistinct, eolor a fine rich orange yell purplish red, and often with rich reddis next the sun; flesh rich yellow ev ceedingly juicy, rather rich ib-acid in flavor, ad- hering to the rather small stone. ‘‘ Good,” or ‘‘ very good,” not equal in flavo tot he best; very agreeable, but comparing well with Imperial Gage; shoots smooth. rit g in New-Hampshire. ake the following selections from the excellent 3 on this subject, from the pen of Henry F. ENCH, published in the Transactions of the New- ‘Hampshire Agricultural Society. We are furnished th-a few facts in relation to the profits of fruit rais- ing, even in that apparently unfavorable region of hard soil and cold climate, when proper cultivation is given: In the year 1852, it is a fact beyond controversy, soil of our own Granite hills have produced apples in such profusion, that many towns in our eastern counties have received more money in exchange for them, than for any other article of produce which they have sold. It is a fair estimate, in this part of State, that ten barrels of winter apples will sell generally for as much money asa ton of the best hay. Hay has been con- sidered, for many years, the most profitable crop that - ean be raised for sale, in this section, and has borne a price, for ten years past, not,upon an ayerage, above ten dollars per ton. ee es A few facts may tend to indicate the comparative profit ef the crops of hay and apples. . Mr. Robert F. Williams gathered from an orchard in Hampton, of one acre only, the past year, from grafts set in 1847, in very old and decayed trees, two hun- dred barrels of first rate Baldwin apples. The number of trees in the orchard is seventy. ; A writer in the New-England Farmer of January 22, 1853, states that he knows “ an orehard of forty Baldwin apple trees, that yielded more than three hun- dred barrels of fruit of best quality, the past season, and about the same quantity in the season of 1850.” He says further, ‘‘ The ground about these trees has been kept in a perfectly pulverized state for half a dozen years, or more, and manured like a garden. _ John Lowe, jr., Esq., of Exeter, set sixty-six trees from the nursery, in the spring of 1843, and forty-two - more inthe fall of the same year. They bore a few apples in 1847 and 1848.. In 1850, he picked six bar- rels; in 1851, twenty-one barrels; in 1852, fifty barrels of fruit of the best quality. This isa fair example o the success of good cultivation among us, although trees frequently come into bearing more speedily. _ It is proper, however, to suggest, that the Baldwin usually produces only every other year. It would be a fair estimate that fifty trees, which would stand upon an acre, at the distance of about thirty feet apart, would uee an annual average crop of 60 barrels of fruit, worth sixty dollars. It is not unusual to see a single tree bear eight or ten barrels of fine apples, and oceasional instances occur, where sixteen barrels are gathered at once from one tree. At the lowest rate of product that any man in his senses, who has ever pro- perly cultivated an orchard, in the eastern part of the State, would estimate as a common crop, an apple or- chard will give four or five times as much profit as the same quantity of land in grass, with far less cost of cul- tivation, through a long series of years. c Such thorough work as the following, is the secret of much of the success of those cultivators who have the *¢ extraordinary good luck” to outstrip their neighbors in products and profits : - Select any soil, not.so low as to be saturated with stag- nant water, nor so sandy as tobe dry. A granite soil is as good as any, and a slate soil, perhaps, + pee 4 good ; but for convenience of cultivation, I should prefer land not very stony. Subsoil it to the depth of eighteen in- ches, if practicable, and if not, plow as deep as possi- ble, and excavate places for the trees eighteen inches deep, and six feet in diameter, and make the soil thrown out rich with compost manure before replacing it. Plant the trees, which should be two or three years from the bud, in the spring or autumn, as is most con- venient. Many persons much prefer the spring, and no one,,l believe, prefers the autumn. I have myself from Boston, on a railroad, to send to that city and \ THE COUNTRY GENTLEMAN. set them in both seasons, and have discovered no dif- ference. Set them thirty-three feet apart, which will give forty trees to the acre. Keep the land under cul- tivation with hoed crops until it is too much shaded to be productive, and ‘then let it lie fallow, with plowing and harrowing enough to keep down the weeds. Apple trees will: not thrive in sward land; I mean in land kept in*grass. In all parts of the country fruit trees set in grass land may be seen struggling desperately for dear life, and of no value whatever except as a warning agrinst similar folly. seins it huni On the subject of the prospects of market we make the following extracts, which only confirm what we have often repeated : Great fears are expressed by many persons that no market can be found for the apples which will be pro- duced upon the great numbers of trees recently planted in New-England. The bountiful crop of the present season has seriously alarmed some who seem not to consider how small a portion of the world, they them- selves inhabit. For fifty years the same ery has been raised, and yet the price.of apples has steadily in- An aged gentleman in Chester, who sixty years ago set out.an orchard of two acres, was thought almost demented, because as his friends told him, there never could be a market for so much fruit. These two acres. would sell, to-day, for two thousand dollars. The trees are still thrifty and productive, and pay him the clear profit of the interest of five thousand dollars ! The home market is not yet half supplied. Every family should, and will, in future years, consume at least twice as many barrels of grafted apples as of flour, and they who fear an over-supply, may as well commence their lamentations over the immense crops of wheat of our western states. New-Hampshire does not yet produce one-half so many apples as would be re- } i to supply the inhabitants of the state, as plenti- ully as the people of Rockingham county consider necessary to their comfortable subsistence. In corroboration of the last remark, we quote from another place : Indeed, it has not been unusual for persons in New- Hampshire, residing fifty and even an hundred miles purchase apples, at two or three dollars a barrel, be- cause they were not to be procured nearerhome! In the greater part of the state, indeed, I suppose there is nothing like a supply adequate to the home con- sumption. — ‘The following remarks on the foreign market, are well worthy of the attention of all wholesale orchard- ists in the northern states, and place in a clear point. of view, the importance of procuring long keepers: As to the market abroad, it should be borne in mind that the production of fine fruit of this kind is limited to a small ‘portion of the earth, and probably no por- tion of it is better adapted to the culture of the best late keeping varieties, than New-Hampshire. No late- keeping apples can be produced in warm latitudes. The apples of England are inferior in size, flavor and keeping qualities. The apples of New-York and New-Jersey, which fill the markets early in the season,are mostly gone which February, when our Baldwins are in their best condition, and entirely disappear when our later species are: sound.. The entire South and California are buyers.and not producers, By steam navigation, we may carry our fruit, in a few days, to the ends of the earth and the fact that ice and the best apples are produced in the most convenient positions for shipping together, and that they agree remarkably well in close. proximity on a voyage at sea, gives additional advan- tages to New-Hngland enterprise in this direction. Ships freighted with ice and apples have already left our ports for Egypt and for China, as well as nearer markets. The late-keeping quality of our apples. gives us an advantage’ over ‘all the rest of mankind,” and this has been kept in mind in making up the foregoing list. An apple of the same quality, that will keep two months longer than the Baldwin, would be at present, - and probably forever, worth nearly double the price of that variety. Such apples will probably never be pro- duced far from the latitude of this state. The prices at whieh apples have been sold in En- gland would afford an enormous profit tous. Seven and eight, and even twelve dollars per barrel, have been common rates of sale. So recent has been the produetion of any surplus crop, and so recent, too, the the use of steam navigation, that markets have not been sought, and no regular foreign trade in this fruit has been established. .The surplus of our crop has | been bought up by speculators, at their own prices, and ‘and the producers have hardly received a fair share of the profit. Soon a regular trade will’ be opened, and many years must elapse before any product of our soil can yield so liberal a return for labor anf capital as our caop of apples. Even at the low price of one dol- lar a barrel, which is the lowest yet reached among us, o~* PIV PLP PL LLLP FPS SPSGSYEVVVY the culture of this fruit pays twiee, at least, the profit of any other of our crops. . " To the preceding extracts, we add but one other, ta- ken from the report of the Frait Committee in 1852, showing very plainly that with the same cultivation and manuring that the farmer gives his corn and po: tatoes, orchards may be made eminently profitable : Mr. Thompson's Siatement.—One acre of orchard, one hundred apple trées, ‘grafted in 1837-8 ; size of the trees when grafted, three to five inches through the trunk. Apples put up in 1848, 80 bbls. in 1850, 200 bbls.; in 1851, 75 bbls.; and this season probably 250 bbls. The land is hard-wood soil, sloping to tho north. The manner of cultivation is this: I plow it twice a year, turn under a coat of buckwheat in August, and then turn under the leaves late in the fall. Manure with swamp muck, prune and scrape them once a year. Varieties, Baldwin, Roxbury Russett, R. I. Greening, and Sweets, and other kinds too numerous to mention. RE my ne? Amateur and Window Gardening. MintaTurE Cameprias.—It may not be known to some of your readers, that the camellia cam be flowered in a thumb pot. The way to do this, is to put in cut- | tings now of the ripened wood of the single red or the Middilemiss, and keep in a cool frame till they have cicatriced over, then introduce into a gentle bottom heat, which need not take place till early spring, and they will soon form roots. They should then be potted into three-inch pots, and encouraged to.make as much growth as possible, and, by the end of July, they will be ready for grafting. The stock should be cut down, leaving about two leaves on, which assists their union ; on the level of the upper one is to be put the graft, which should be selected from a shoot that has one or more prominent flower-buds on. They will require to be placed in a close and moist atmosphere tillthe union is complete—a handlight or frame will.do. In the en- suing winter and early spring, the flowers will expand, forming a miniature tree of exquisite beauty, either for the decoration of the green-house stage between large plants, or the parlor table. After the plant has done flowering and is about to start into growth it should be potted, when it will soon make a nice dwarf, bushy plant. Thousands are propagated annually this way for the London market, and sold when in flower for the decoration of the window. . Equal parts of light turfy loam and fibry peat, mixed up with some small pieces of charcoal and broken bones, form an excellent soil for the camellia. Small plants al- ways come in handy for arranging on the stage, and none are prettier. than the camellia, grown in this way. Many window plants may ‘again be taken to their winter quarters, if attention is paid to their wants. But ° before doing so, it is advisable to examine the drainage and see that no worms or anything has interfered with that; if.so, it must be remedied, or the consequences will soon be apparent from a sickly, unhealthy appear- ance. The pots should be thoroughly eleansed of all greenness that may have accumulated both for the health of the plants and the sweetness of the dwelling. Never daub up the pot with paint or any other mix- ture, as it destroys the porous nature of the pots, which is very congenial to the roots; besides making them look unsightly as compared with the natural color of a good made flower pot. As the wood will not have whol- ly ripened yet, the plants should be placed far enough apart to allow a good circulation of air all round. If saucers are placed under the pots, they should on no account be left with water in, at this season of the year, as the great point now is to gradually bring them to a dormant state ; when they will be much better able to stand a few degrees of frost without injury. = Tux Dictytra Spxcrasitis.—This ‘fine plant, be- longing to the order of umariacee, and by far the most beautiful of them, is by no means so commonly cultivated as,its great merits deserve. Although known to botanists since the days of Lin- neeus, it was left to Mr. Fortune to introduce it into Eu- rope in 1844 from China, where he found it cultivated | by the natives. It grows from one to two feet high, having three or four auxillary racemes of beautiful
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RALLY OV EY PN (IM PPAPLG flowers, each raceme being from four to six inches long. The flowers are an inch long and nearly three quarters wide, with two serrate petals of a delicate rose color, and the intervening projecting narrow ones white, with a purple tip. — It strikes readily from cuttings of any part of the stem, and is easily. wintered by keeping it dry, and merely out of the reach of hard frosts. In the spring, it should be started inte growth and planted out in the open border. Where there is a green-house, a few of the strongest of the plants should be saved for flowering in pots, as no plant has a more cheerful appearance when in flower. It should be gradually shifted into larger pots as required, using turfy loam, sand, and a little well rotted. eow or horse dung. - After their beauty’is over in the cnt thy may be planted in the borders where they will make fresh growth and commence flowering again. E.8. Albany, The Curoulic and dts Remedies. Soe The shined depredations of the availa upon our plums, apricots and nectarines, and more lately upon. the cherries, peaches, grapes and pears, have caused a spirit of investigation te spring up among our most em-_ inent pomologists and horticulturists, with some assur- ance of success; but which, until now, has been of little or no avail. The truth, so far as orchard planting is concerned, all the remedies which. have been advocated in the horticultural journals and otherwise have proved hopelessly abortive. For instance, take into consideration (in a practical point of view) the paring of a whole orchard ; or white- washing the trees, and syringing them completely with sulphur and lime, to be repeated after every rain and - shower, we simply ask, wiilit pay? Or going through ~ an orchard of plums.and peaches, every morning and ‘evening, jarring every tree; having previously spread sheets underneath; then, to enswre success, you must -eatch Mr. Turk and kill him—the latter very essential indeed. Next, the pig-pen and hen-roost theory was pro- claimed as a sure preventive. Those who have tried the remedy can answer, no doubt, in the negative. Not long since I saw the plum and apricot orchard of Mr. V. W. Smith of our city, whose trees were very handsome and thrifty. The apricot orchard attracted my ‘Attention particularly, from the fact that he had not only made a large pig-pen of it, but that he had made a separate pen around.many trees, in which he had confined the porkers. Now, we would naturally suppose that. the — faithful application that our friend Smith made, would have been crowned. with success. How was it? I will - give you the reply. He did not save one single s men; the curculio stung all, and they fell to the growsds| | The pigs did eat the fallen fruit—this is one fact worth remembering. But the loss of the fruit was not the worst feature of the remedy. One half ot his apricot trees have died, just as if they had been struck with blight from top to bottom. So.much for pig-pens. . Va- rious other plans, equally fallacious, have been recom- mended, besides various nostrums, of which you-have noticed some dozen or more in the Country Gentleman of July 28th. I again ask, will they answer at all as a remedy, and if so, are they cheap and easy of appli- cation for orchard planting? The reply will be always (in one case or the other) in the negative. These propositions, attended with their failures, go clearly to show that we have a great enemy to contend with, and his success has almost caused a total aban- donment of the culture of the plum, apricot, &c. A writer in the Rural New-Yorker, from Alabama, N. Y., in speaking of the prospects for plums, cherries, and apricots, says, ‘that they have been almost entirely ruined by that king of pests, the coureulio, and even the peach has not escaped his ravages; never before has he made such havoc in the peach ercp, as this sea- son, and not the twentieth part-of a crop will be real- ized, where, not three weeks since, a full crop was an- . ticipated. A friend in Pennsylvania, in a late letter, says, “that * THE COUNTRY GENTLEMAN. EPI PPI the pears in this vicinity have ‘been very much de- stroyed by the cureulio.”” The same remarks will ap- ply to the grapes in many sections of the country. Mr. C. P. Williams of Albany, in a late letter, speak- ing of the curculio, says, “I also have discovered a remedy for curculio, after thoroughly trying the whole |. routine of ‘preventive,’ one, too, which all will admit is effectual, and which I have latterly vigorously adopted, in utter despair of success with anything else, that is catching and choking the breath out ef him.” If a discovery which will render this remedy unneces- sary shall be made, I shall rejoice, and the discoverer will be placed on the list of public benefactors. You will perceive from the above that all the recom- mendations fail of their purpose entirely, or if they are successful, they cannot be put into every-day operation, or be used for orchard planting. I agree with Mr. Williams in the latter remark, and it is with this view that I have trespassed upon your columns ; my object is to get scientific men, pomologists, amateuts, men in every-day life, to give a portion | of their time to learn the habits, instincts and mode of living of Mr. Turk, with a view to'an efficient and cheap remedy, and one easy of application—and then not only to place him “on the list of public benefactors,” but to give him a handsome compensation for his success. The potato rot, pear-blight, and curculio, are three of our greatest evils; therefore remedies which would be acceptable, should be recognized and paid for by liberal premiums from all the agricultural and horticultural societies in the states. Nay, it should be considered differently. It is a national interest—a national benefit ; a remedy for which the Congress of the United States might offer a large remuneration and by so doing benefit their con- stituents, the whole people, much more than by the thousands yearly squandered in party politics and po- litical debate. A remedy which would save one entire | crop of plums over the whole Union, would be almost valuless, worth in all probablility several millions of dollars. Would it not be well and praiseworthy for our rulers and legislators; to act in this matter, by offering a reward. Ought not our state and county societies, ‘as well as all horticultural societies, to offer a fair pre- ‘mium for the same. If so, it would stimulate men to perseyerance and observation. These remarks have been penned from the fact, that @ man who should make the discovery of a remedy, which shall be cheap, easy of application, and effectual, ‘with but one application, would certainly be entitled to be highly remunerated... 'That such a remedy has been discovered Tam authoritatively informed. Hon. James Matruews of Coshocton, Ohio, a fruit bulturist of sound skill and great pomological research, after having turned his attention to a remedy for this insect, (the curculio,) has finally become established in his opinions, from actual. — which he a cannot be doubted. Under date of i une 29th, he ei “That an acci- dental discovery of last year, by which I saved the plums on one fine tree, led me to the investigation of this subject. I then thought I knew the méans of my ‘Suecess, but could not account for the reason. From my experiments this year, I find I was mistaken; but thorough investigation, has led me now to a full knowledge of the cause of my success, ong the whole philosophy of the matter. ¥3 “T experimented upon twelve tbees: at various sea- sons since the fruit was formed, so as'to be sure of the | trueremedy. I practiced three several methods, which | _ suggested themselves from former experiments ; one on four trees, one on three and one on five. The latter was the correct one, and is a cheap, easy, and perfect remedy. ‘Two of the five trees I operated upon at the first appearance of curculio; from that moment his de- predations ceased, with the exeception of an occasional incision, for about one week, after which not another puncture appeared, and these trees are so laden with fine fruit now, that I have ten or twelve props under each ; the other three trees I purposely left until about Lesnistadineen one-half of the fruit was well punctured by Mr. ‘Turk, a EF. ‘i I applied the remedy, and their work forth- ceased. The injured fruit fell off, and the balance ne condition. On the other seven trees, opera- ted upon in two different ways, every plum has been and fallen off. 5 also experimented on an apri- é, on which I had a bud of Kirk's purple plum Q a on n each of these T have fine, perfect ar orchard he “ nie | plums T can et: as I have no far- 5 rf “he this universal Fae AsI have fourteen years, in t 9 str ture, with, as yet, but] wes no profit, and as this is a matter of great importance to fruit-growers through- out the United States, I have con ded not to make my discovery public gratuitously. shall be ready in the spring, at the proper season, ei by substitute, to go to any part of the country to experi- nent for any agricultural or horticultural sc es or any company of individuals who will offer a suitab ) and satisfactory premium for an effectual reme edy fo’ the cureulio. My experiments shall then be made 3 der the supervision of a competent committee, on pala report (after applying my remedy to such number of trees as they shall require) the question shall be de- cided for or against me, and if I am not entirely suc- cessful, my time and expenses shall be gratuitous. This is all any reasonable men ean ask, who feel : an interest in this subject. My application has to be made but once; it is cheap, easily: applied, and a decided benefit to the tree. There are persons examining my trees al- “nost daily, and amongst many is that eminent pomo- logist, Mr. Humrickhouse, all of whom are satisfied Sees my triumph is coniplete.” Under date of J uly 15th, Mr, Mathews further states, * That. my trees are so ladened with fruit, they are the admiration of all who see them, and by the suggestion ¢ of Mr. Ernst, of Cincinnati, I will give notice thfough the horticultural periodicals, that I will be a competitor for all the _premiums that are or, shall be offered for that remedy. egy Again, under date of July 20th, Mr. Mathews writes me, a That the principle is. vain new, and the process of a simple nature, . thus making the dis- covery more valuable. When I publish my expe- rience. and observations of this insect, for the last year particularly, it will open a new field, and give developments never before hinted at.. When these are made known, the philosophy of my remedy mill: be ap- parent at once. +, ...\, Me lis Of. course I shall say nothing on af subject, nor will I make my remedy known to any society or ‘set, of in- dividuals, until an amount shall be offered. by such societies, legislature, or otherwise,. that in the aggre- gate will equal a sum, that such a discovery merits.” May we not ask, in further assurance and confirma- tion of this. subject, that some of those persons who have been making observations, will give us through. ‘the columns of the Horticulturist or some other journal, the results of their observations which will no doubt be very interesting. @. Having been more lengths 0 on . this subject rea I intended when i commenced, I will close hy requesting your opinion, and hope you will make such suggestions as you may deem most proper, to ensure ‘such. action by societies or otherwise, as sugh an important remedy merits. A. FAaHENSTOCK. ‘Syracuse, Aug 430, 1853. We cheerfully give place to the above, and. hope the discovery may equal the expectations of Mr. Faunes- | tock; although we must confess we have little faith in such secrets. It is right, however, that the discoy- erer of a remedy for the rava sof the ‘eurculio, if it shall prove one of easy and inexpensive application, should be pro rly rewarded. ‘There are now, we’be- lieve, several standing premiums offered for fay adis- covery, amounting, if we mistake not, to some hun- | dreds of dollars, for which we nee Mr. Matthews will G make application. ? — ee ersonally or >|}
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6 | buzy world, there are those whose lives have been a oF Sireside. > nade Satine: ‘Have We Heroism. Among E often. hear the ‘mnie, that ta heroism are past, and the noble ¢ character which we admire in the of history no longer exist, i ble dade: There are those who searching ancient mythology for the cules and the. Appollos, ancient bals and Cesers, and who conti opportunities are afforded, J h present, for the exhi- bition of greatness. ‘They feed their ambition on the leaves of thick folios, while the great book of Nature is unread,. and that instructive volume of the works.of ‘man, which the activity of the age is rapidly swelling, lies unheaded. They are weary of the practical ten- dencies of these utilitarian times, and are continually iden 3 f high motives and disinterested aims, and poi inting to those whom, historians have made pure and unselfish as angels. Their very ancestors. seem ignoble, and it is a matter of constant wonder to them why their lot was cast in this day and generation, and why minds so infinitely superior to these degenerate times are doomed to live without any fit occasion to call out their energies and powers. We cannot believe with these men, that humanity has lost any of its virtue, mind any of its activity and strength, or the will any of its firmness and. might. There is no occasion for warriors, now that diplomatic negotiations have succeeded to cannons, and a compro- promising letter is judged more judicious than a line of battle ships. Business tact has taken the place of military tactics, and the merchant ship is a prouder vessel than a man-of-war. the common school is greater than the colonel of a re- giment, the college professor is more noble than a major-general—he who trains the mind to scientific precision is more a public benefactor than he who drills the body to asoldierly bearing. The current of human life has changed its direction, and we must look for heroism in other channels that those of blood. And where can we find heroism more worthy of imi- tation,—greater integrity of character, inflexibility of will, purity of principle ‘and greatness of soul, than in the walks of every day life? Where can we discover greater disinterestedness and self-sacrifice than among those who devote their years to science, and all their energies to the spread of knowledge? Where shall we search for more heroic powers of endurance, more patient perseverance, and unflinching effort,than in the homes of the sons of toil, und often of poverty ? never tired of viters, the Her- ory for the Hanni- lly lament that no There is a history of this world which i is yet unwrit- ‘ten—the history of the millions who have labored long and earnestly in the discharge of duty, have learned “to suffer and be strong,” and reaping their only reward in the consciousness of having done with _ their might what their hands found to do, have died unpraised. and unlamented. In the experience of these, there have been trials of no ordinary cast, exhi- bitions of surprising magnanimity, manifestations of a heroism almost superhuman. ‘The scholar, who, led on by his love of wisdom, studies to master some secret of science, to ‘discover the “ philosopher’s stone * of social or moral want, and disregarding his own ease and personal enjoyment, labors for his single purpose is a hero, in the. best sense of the term. The mechanic who has worked for years to perfect: a ‘machine, and with a steady re- solution has overcome all obstacles to success, is a hero. The day laborer may be in the daily practice of greater self-denial, and exhibit greater fortitude in _ his efforts to supply his family With the necessaries of life, than the military or political hero was ever called upon to exercise. Far removed from the gaze of the series of conflicts with discouragements, but who have The teacher of |. , é‘ aa ee RNIN Sr IP EPS Tea Lee Ioke Be Pere ro re ee te ae ee eI ee ee ers aa en ir ee a a = = Le near a antec RS Pant ar aap ener en aoe meee cena eee eR POE eR ee a et eae a a Se ec See nO a eee once ee ee ee THE COUNTRY GENTLEMAN. in spite of them, held fast to their aims, and with un- faltering courage have lived down their difficulties, and come forth better and wiser men for their. trials and their bitter experience. We have re-asserted these truisms for the purpose of calling attention to the fact that we live in an age which develops the energies of the mind, und calls out the virtues of the heart, as fully as any previous one. paths, which needs only to be sought for to be found, so has He implanted in every soul excellencies which will shine out, if we will look for them. It is idle to knowledge, the progress in science and art, and in the culture and refinement of the mind, have not, brought powers, and elevated the character and tone of society to a greater degree than at any earlier period. Where, one hundred years ago, there was one mind to think Andependently, there are now scores and hundreds— where there was one school there are now tens—where there was one pulpit there are now many—where -there was one press to expose corruption and advocate public honesty and private purity, there are now hun- dreds, professedly zealous for the truth, and anxious for the elevation of society. All these influences have not. been. without, their effect, and we believe that there are to-day-more persons living, who act from high t mo- tives, who are determined by pure considerations of right, who are less controlled by selfishness, and less biased by mere expediency, than ever. before in the world’s history. Injustice is not permitted to. pass nounced, vice in,every form is frowned upon, and, in fact, there are abundant evidences of a public con- science, which is sensitive to right and wrong, and is determined not, to suffer its dictates to be violated. Croakers may say what they please about. the alarming degeneracy of the times, and profess to be- lieve that high-handed treachery will, ere long, lay hold of our republicanism, that socialistic infidelity is weakening the ties of domestic life—-that true hero- ism and nobility are struck clean out of human nature ; if we may judge from the testimony of the public press, from the literary publications which are read in every village i in the country, from the character of our public documents and our popular lectures, the age is distinguished for its love of light, truth and philan- thropy, and its devotion to the cause of human pro- gress. We admit that, the statistics of crime figure largely in jhe annals of the present, but there are un- numbered instances of virtue, heroism and patriotism yet unrecorded, while, ‘if we mistake not ythe current of popular feeling sets strongly i in favor of whatso- ever things are pure, honest and of good report. a Scraps from a N aturalist’s Note Book. TE WuirT or Weymouri Ping, (Pinus Strobus of Linn.)—This highly useful and characteristic tree of our country, which, in its loftiest form, contributes minishing in number, until it has at length become exeeedingly scarce in this vicinity. A number of fine specimens, however, may be met with by an individual who may be induced to extend his rambles toward the elevated range of hills, which bound the horizon, in a direction to the south-west from the city. Here they may be seen, elevating their stately forms far beyond the numerous other trees of the forest, and giving to the surrounding scenery, a peculiarly wild, and char- acteristic beauty, which no other tree of our country can ever produce. Andshould the winds prevail, they may then be seen swaying their wide-spreading branches through the upper. air, and emitting sweet sounds of melancholy mysic, which fall seen the. ear in strains by no means unpleasing. The white pine is the loftiest, as well as the most NL NPN RNIN NL RLS Nel Nd rN Naf Net Nea Nal Na el We As the God of Nature has spread beauty about all our suppose that the activity of these times, the spread of out more completely the mental, moral, and social. for the progress and well being of the country, and. without censure, crime in high places and low is de-— so much to the grandeur and beauty of our sylvan 3 scenery, has, for a long time past, been gradually di-— LVN PLN NPR Nn NN Nas tala Na NaN Nn Ne stately tree to be found in our forests ; most generally they are to be seen: rising up with a gradually taper- ing stem, of arrowy straightness, until they not un- frequently attain to an altitude of one hundred and forty feet, the greater proportion of which, from the ground upward, being without a single branch. Inthe young trees, the bark is always smooth, and of a light green color, with the branches disposed in a regular ‘succession of whorls, around the stem. These whorls are of annual growth, ascending in separate stages along the trunk, until they reach the top, so that their respective ages may, ut any time, be easily enumerated; but as the tree advances in years, and, at length ar- rives to maturity, the lower branches speedily decay, in consequence of the exclusion of, light and air, while the upper ones become more irregularly disseminated, shooting themselves out in a horizontal direction, over the tops of the surrounding trees, wher they assume that picturesque wildness of form, which always ren- ders them so conspicuous an object in the landscape or woodland scene. The bark of these aged pines, is of a light reddish color,and becomes rough in its appear- ance as age increases, but not to the degree that takes place with that which covers the trunk of the yellow species—which it most resembles. It is also found to be divided on the surface by numerous superficial and vertical clefts, into a series of lengthened plates, about three inches in breadth, and which, do not—as in the other species—so readily exfoliate. The leaves are ‘slender and about four inches in length, disposed in fives within a shortened sheath. The cones are long and pendulous, with the scales very loosely arranged, and when seen upon the trees in a fresh condition, give to the usual. monotonous green appearance of the foliage, a pleasing and very beautiful effect. These characters are sufficiently distinct, to enable an indi- . dividual, easily to determine the species. These pines are capable of thriving luxuriantly in. the most sterile soils; their roots descend scarcely two feet beneath the surface, and diverge from the center in a horizontal direction, thus serving by their numerous ramifying rootlets to unite and retain the particles of sand ina compact state, which would be otherwise drifted by the winds in every direction; small spots of verdure, are thus soon produced, which keep gradually extending their dimensions. until trees of a different character successively take root in the soil, and flourish. In this manner, these trees become the active agents in redeeming for the useful applications of “life, vast tracts of desert lands, which would, otherwise, have long remained a barren waste. It is in consequence of the shallow depths to which shove roots are found to penetrate, that this species of pine is most generally overthrown by the violence of the winds that sweep over the plains whore they grow, and seldom or ever broken, ag is the case with almost every other tree of the forest. These roots are almost incorruptible, and in newly cleared lands, where the trees have either been felled, or blown over, the ‘stumps, when removed, are not unfrequently applied to the.construction of fences. These are placed upon their edge, with the base turned outward, or facing to the roads, which then become perfectly impervious to all the larger: animals. Fences of this. description have often been known to remain for nearly a centu- ry, without exhibiting the slightest evidences of de cay. The qualities which mpetamnend the white pine tree for the economical purposes of life, are its extreme lightness, softness, and durability, being wrought with perfect ease, and cutting freely in every direction. It lasts for a great number of years when kept free from moisture, or when exposed to the atmospheric infiuen- ences in situations removed to some distance from the surface of the ground. . Its only defect appears to be its want of strength. Its uses are numerous, and of the utmost importance in its various applications. ‘‘As it forms timber and boards of a greater size than any other soft-wooded tree, and is lighter and more free from knots, it is employed in preference for masts of
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LO NNO LOL LON NP LN NP et Ships, for the large beams, posts and covering of wood- en buildings, and for the frame work of houses, barns and bridges, as well as for clap-boards, and sometimes for shingles. The clearness, softness and beauty of | this wood, recommend it for the panels and frames of doors, for wainscoting, for the frames of windows, for cornices and mouldings, and for all the uses of the joiner. As it receives paint perfectly, it is employed for floors which are to be painted. For such as are exposed to much wear, as those of kitchens and back ‘entries, and stairs, the wood of the pitch pine and southern pine are preferred, on account of their superior hardness. In consequence of these numerous applica- tions, this pine tree is becoming onenedingly scarce in |, many of the Atlantic states, its’ exportation having almost entirely ceased, so that the inhabitants are obliged to resort to wood of a much inferior quality, in all their employment where the uses of pine wood become necessary. This difficulty we should suppose might easily be remedied, if but little attention could be paid to its cultivation. It is a tree of exceedingly | | _fine relief upon a small projecting headland, may be distinctly traced ‘the outline of a mass of ruins, the | last. remains of what was once a rude stone dwelling, _now more strikingly conspicuous from the walls having | | But the disintegra- ’ again abundantly supplied with all the white pine | ting hand of time had long been doing its work there; | | the roof had disappeared, and the stones had assumed ! that rounded form which is a sure indication of a long ‘lapse of years since the structure was habited. In rapid growth, and if but a few acres of the vast tracts _of barren lands which are so frequently to be found seattered all over the surface of our country, should at annual periods be carefully set out with these trees, the time would not be far distant when we should be wood that our necessities might require. Tur Pea-Weevit, (Bruchus Pisi of Linn.) —We afew days since, received a communication from-a gontleman, extensively engaged in farming operations, informing us that his peas were beginning to exhibit indications of the action of this little depredator, but. as a particular description of the effects produced by them did not accompany the letter, we are consequent- | api eget: ing our time with fishing tackle upon the still waters of the bay, we assembled, as was our custom, about the ruined walls, to while away the remaining hours | in boyish gossip. It was then and there that we met ly at a loss to determine with certainty the insect; when tke peas become dry, however, the difficulty will no longer exist, as they will then readily disclose to the eye, the smooth circular perforations produced from its es¢ape, and not unfrequently the perfect insect en- P closed within. The pea- weevil is small in size, and of oval form. Its color is of rusty black, with a white spot on the back part of the thorax, and four or five more near the extremity of the wing-cases. It may likewise be distinguished by a white spot, resembling the letter T, on the abdomen. “When the plants have flowered, and the peas are young and tender, the female of this in- sect pierces the green covering and inserts an egg with- ‘in the pea, this, in a short time, hatches into a small white grub, and without feet; it now commences its labors by boring directly in the center of the pea, where it continues to live upon the rich marrow, until it arrives at its full size, and the seed becomes dry and hard. What is a little singular, they devour the en- tire center, and leave the germ of the future sprout uninjured; thus we often find sprouts shooting from — perforated peas. As the spring advances, it changes from the pupa to the perfect state, and endeavors to “escape by perforating its now fragile covering; this. does not always take place until after the seeds are. planted. The injuries accomplished by this little in- sect, has frequently been so great, as to oblige the far- mer to give up the cultivation of the plant. They do not confine their ravages to the peas alone, but are also found in the seeds of many other leguminous vegeta- bles. In this neighborhood, of late years, we have been informed, that these insects have been gradually de- creasing in numbers, much to the gratification, no doubt, of the cultivators of’ pulse. ~ Deane has suggested, an exceedingly simple remedy for the destruction of this depredator, but it requires that it should be universally adopted, to become suc- cessful. It consists merely i in keeping seed peas in tight vessels rather more than a year before planting. Another method is, to dip: peas in hot water previous to depositing them in the se. this destroys the in- sect and likewise quickens the seed. | I.E. Ne NN elevated plateau of land. A noble river winds with a broad sweep.at a short distance from the door, down~ lawn, terminating with the pebbles along the shore. This plot of green sward is dotted with venerable elm trees, scattered here and there all over its verdant _ surface. ! long drooping branches, which sweep the ground, the | the. eye penetrates a dimly ligh.ed vista in the adjoin- ing forest, and faintly detects the bright glimmering THE COUNTRY GENTLEMAN. Ne Leaves from. the Diary of Childhood. _eoe THE OLD Nyce og oF + eee ~The Old Homestead, Sept. 1. The old homestead i is beautifully situated upon. an ward to which gradually descends a graceful, sloping Beneath the lofty arches. formed by their. eye at occasional intervals, catches glimpses of the riv- er’s gleaming surface, which near the close of day is richly variegated by the broad shadows of the dis- tant shore. From the southern portion of the piazza, waters of a shallow inlet, or narrow indentation of the land. Beyond these quiet waters, and standing out in once been covered with lime. youthful days, this was always the favorite resort of the village boys during the recessive days of school, and many were the — such times as to the ‘former inhabitants. Near the close of a Saturday afternoon, after spend- an aged seafaring man, who had long been the popu- ‘lar -chronicler of by-gone days, at the village near. He was familiarly known to us all, and had from early life ‘been a wanderer the wide world over, and when age had incapacitated. him for farther service, he re- turned a pensioner to his native village, to cast off his life, where first he had beheld its dawn. him that we learned for the first time, the story of the ‘inmates of this lone dwelling. The pte was sad, |, It was from indeed. In his sithinivalililisite there dwelt at this place : two brothers, the one a mere lad of fourteen years or more, and the elder with a wife and three small chil- dren. These last were a quiet and well matched pair, good natured and easy in all their ways, and belong- ing toa class by no means yet extinct, that at all times appear to pass from day to day, with no deter- mined principles of life, happily contenting themselves with little or much, just as the varying circumstances | should determine. During the season of summer their table was abundantly supplied from the stream that ran past their door, and when the winter set in with its varied inclemencies, there was at all times some light labor to keep himself and wife in.constant employment, and by this means they easily proeured an ample supply of all the necessaries of life, ‘until the opening spring. In this. simple and inoffensive manner had passed the early portion of their lives, until at length, as with a sudden impulsive energy, he determined to remove to the far western wilds, and as- sume the squatter’s life. With such men prompt ac- tion soon follows the resolve, and a fine spring morn- ing found them on their way. It was a slow and toil- some journey before they passed the bounds of eivi- lized life; and emerged into an almost unknown wil- derness, and much they suffered on their weary way ; for beaten tracks had been left far behind, and the course they now pursued was only an Indian trail, de- filing through the woods, and guided by the blazed markings on the trees. A beautiful day in summer was slowly drawing to a’ was over, and that: desired abode of the. prospect so beautifully spread out around them. - blessful contentment, thus secluded from the = Aa beyond; the forest and the stream abu: ntl Various enjoyments. — + iy ahi ; The summer had passed into dutans, and as glori- — close, and the declining sun was shedding a regplen- dent lustre over the distant scenery, when the path- E way led the travelers to the verge of an abrupt lime- || stone cliff, elevated some hundreds of feet from the — densely wooded plain beneath. Through the centre of this plain, a silent stream, for many a mile, wound its tortuots way along, while far in the distant view, an amphitheatre of azure hills closed in the scene on every side, as if to seclude this lovely vale from the world beyo ve ‘The whole aspect of this magnificent sl view was ow in producing the happiest effect upon the minds of the wanderers, and speedily brought con- viction to their bosoms, that their weary pilgrimage t the long wished for, and eagerly entment was already realized in A few days beheld a spot in clearing, and the pale blue smoke gracefully ascending in the still morning air from the rude chimney of a snug log” eabin, amid this luxuriance of verdure. Four'years had passed in plied their moderate eo se ministered ; f “ “ous a morning as the sun ere shone upon, broke over the landscape, when our tenant of these wilds was to be seen loitering leisurely, with his rifle in hand, ‘through the silent giades of the forest, in pursuit of ‘game. He at length reached the banks of the stream, and throwing himself upon the green sward, was soon ‘lost in a revery of speculative thought,—and here we shall leave him for a time. At the present period, a magnificent city occupies the place where this lone cottage stood in the woods, and om traces of its existence have, long since, been ely obliterated from the spot. At the time of “which: ‘we speak, this entire region was occupied by two of the most hostile and savage tribes of the west, and their war-path, which they frequented, ran “along the verge of the valley, along the more elevated lands that led to the trail at the limestone cliff, from which the emigrants first caught a glimpse of the verdant plain beneath. “The Indians seldom left the direct path, and consequently the lone inhabitants of the eottage were left unmolested by these tribes, and all “fears had for a long time been banished from their minds. The solitary squatter had long indulged i in his busy contemplation, when he was suddenly aroused by one of.the most horrid yells that ever issued from the lungs of man, and which sent the blood in icy chill drops to his heart. The cause he too easily conjectured, and, in a anxious state of mind, he cautiously ascen- ded the cliffs, and beheld his cabin enveloped in tlames, and the dusky forms of a score of savages, dancing about the scene. His wife and children were butchered in his sight, and thrown into the. blazing mass. Witha heart too deeply horrified for utterance, he followed _the impulse of his nature, and secreted himself in the recesses of the forest, until he heard the last foot fall of the retiring Indians, as they filed along the trail to their distant home in the west. It appeared that a small body of these savages, returning from an un- successful foray on a hostile camp, had marked with that instinctive quickness of eye, so peculiar to the -race, the light smoke ascending from the gottage above the tree tops, and turned their revengef ul feelings upon its unprotected inmates. One long and agonizing 1 look the squatter cast upon the smoking ruins, and with a ‘sorrowful heart, he again retraced his steps to the scenes of his youthful years. One morning a thin smoke was seen pi the vil-. lage. to ascend from the stone cottage on the rocky | headland, and the rumor soon spread that the emigrant had returned, and alone. The sad story of. his misfor- tunes were soon revealed, and the commiserating hand was everywhere extended for his relief. few days he left the place for aseaport town, and suc- q >. Ina
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T - ootefally sought a place on boaré a ship Lenn ya a long voyage in pursuit of whales. _ Years had elapsed, and he once more returned tothe home of his fathers, and in circumstances far beyond his wants. After remaining a few days in listless in- activity, he came to the resolve to proceed to the far _ west, and take one last look at the scene of his former disasters, and then to pursue again the £ . rap had more recently adopted. — Bh -te It was on the morning of ab ant ul day that he struck the trail that led through t depths of the for- est, to the once familiar scene, the object of his re- search; but his progress wasmot unmarked. A fierce savage had stealthily followed on his trail, stimulated no doubt to plunder by the ap searance of the fine rifle he bore at his back—an object held by the tribes inthe. highest estimation at these remote times. But other eyes were on them both ; one of those sturdy trappers of the west, the greater portion of whose lives are spent in these wild regions in pursuit of beaver, had . noticed. the solitary traveller, and also watched the ndi ian on the chase. His spirit of adventure lad | him cautiously to keep the savage in his w—nor did his vigilance cease when the.former had reached , the verge of the well remembered cliff, and billie DE st seated himself upon its edge. Twice had the savage’s rifle been slowly raised, when the sharp snapping of a withered bough was heard, which caused him to withdraw his eye a moment from the sight ; but nothing was observed but the grey squirrel bounding’ from branch to branch of a stately tree. Once more he steadily essayed a. sight—the simultaneous report of two rifles rang through the arches of the forest. The victim lay a mangled corpse beneath the cliff, and the Indian, too, with a fierce and sullen yell, fell dead Co the path. ome KA Erm, Pa., August 27, 1852. Dear Winnie tthe city of Erie, is more notable for its capabilities than for its actualities ; having, like many of the points selected early in our country’s history, suffered materially from the character, of its first inhabitants and subsequent changes. _ This vicinity was looked upon by the early naviga- tors of the Lakes, as the best harbor for the future commerce, and as early as 1753, the French comman- dant of Montreal sent out a force of 1200 men, who “built a fort, called the Fort of Presque Isle, and was one of the most important of the chain of fortifications, connecting the French possessigns on the valley of the Mississippi, with those on the St. Lawrence river. The fort was oceupied by this people until the year 1763, when it was taken by the Indians, under the celebra- ted chief, Pontiac, and the entire 1 penge! was massa~ cred. From’ 1763 to 1789, the Indians retained the mas- tery of the shore of Lake Erie, but in the latter year the government extinguished, as they styled it, the Indian title to this part of Erie county, and in 1792, the Triangle was purchased of government ed $151,- 640.25. ~ In 1794, Gen. Wayne rotiitiiel from his campaign against the Indians to Presque Isle, where he built a block-house, and garrisoned it. In 1796, the General died; and was buried near his place of abode. ita not until the year 1795, that the first settle- ment was made on the present site of the city of Erie, near the mouth of Mill creek, by Col. John Reed. The place did not thrive as had been anticipated, for as late as 1820, there were but 635 residents, and in 1830, but 1,329. Six years later, a branch of the old U. 8. Bank was established here, and a beautiful white mar- bhe structure erected, which is now used as the Custom House and Post Office. This is the only publie edifice worthy of notice, although there are some fine 7 of buildings used as hotels and stores. 4 - Although Erie possesses by far the best harbor on the lake, and is accommodated by railroads, plank- roads, and other facilities of intercourse with places , HE COUNTRY GENTLEMAN. LP PLD LLP I PLP IOI at a distance, and although as great facilities for most kinds of manufacturing purposes can be found here, as in almost any other place; yet, perhaps, from the fact, that a few of the old settlers, with their preju- dices, and their conservatism, still remain and exert a power of inertia, the place still has not that appear- ance of enterprise, thrift and growth, that it must ere long present. The bluff, on the Lake shore, is high, the site beautiful, as well as elevated, the water good, ¢ and the location consequently healthy ; yet as the peo- ple have a most thorough fear of innovation and change, but especially of yankee enterprise, it will be some little time before the place will attain that posi- tion its geographical and topographical advantages entitle it to. It will be recollected that the fleet commanded by Commodore Perry, was built and fitted out at this place, and that from the time when the first tree was felled by Capt. Dobbins, to the time when the whole squad- ron was equipped ready for sailing, it was but ninety days ; and but a short period after, ere the fleet of the enemy was conquered, and the sovereignty of the lake secured to the Americans. But those who performed the labor of building and equipping the ships, and con- quering the enemy, were not of the place, or like the residents. Now there is an influx of enterprising men from abroad, that will soon be felt, and something like the enterprise and energy ¢hen'manifested, may again - bé perceived under the impetus of the rule of vrs and the influence of railroads. C. Setbad* Mad, History and Rudiments cf Architecture’. The demand for’ work, on the various branches of Science and Art, adapted to the common mind, and conveying general information is becoming greater every. year. The. newspaper reading of the day is ing a higher tone, and it is absolutely necessary ‘for the most casual reader to be better in- formed on scientific subjects than it was a few years ago. Publishers in this country are awaking to this popular want, and a large number of this class of works are already before the public, or are now in course of publication. There can be no well founded objection to this popularizing of science; for it calls more universal attention to the importance of cultiva- ting it, and creates a demand for more thorough and elaborate scientific works. .A series of cheap publica- tions on all the practical sciences, prepared by men well qualified for the task, have appeared within a short time in England, and have met. with a wide cir- culation. The same course pursued here will result in a benefit, which will be of long standing. It is only necessary that the information contained in these brief works should be correct, and that their tendency should be to lead the mind to further research, rather to content it with a partial and superficial knowledge. Accurate rudimentary treatises, spread the country over, will stimulate rather than retard the progress of true science, while they convey such knowledge as every one, ,who keeps pace with the intelligence of the age ought-to be perfectly familiar with. The work before us is designed to familiarize the reader with the principle of Architecture, and the terms made use of are carefully defined, so that one is not puzzled with names, of the meaning of which he knows nothing. The first two divisions contain in- formation quito indispensable to every one who reads a book of travel, or the description of a building, while they go far enough into detail to give an architect a clear idea of the distinctions and differences of the various orders and styles of saath and their brief history. At the commencement of the chapter on the “ Ne- cessity, Uses and Requirements of Architecture,” the following excellent remarks occur: *Tue History and RupImMENTs of ARCHITECTURE— Embracing 1. The Orders of Architecture. 2. The Archi- tectural Styles of various countries. 3. The Nature and Principals of Design in Architecture. 4. An accurate and complete Glossary ‘of Architectural Terms, Edited by — Buttock. Published by Stringer and Townsend, N. Y ‘the inviting ur inablogs by the gloomy frown of the Florentine castle. PRDRRRAALRALR ALLAN Architecture is the art of well building; in other words, the perfect adaptation of a building to each of its parts, and to the purposes of its building. There is a Wide difference between the art of Building, and Architecture—but none between Architecture and well-Building. No building is well built which does not, in addition to all its utilitarian purposes, evince the greatest beauty capable under the’ circumstances, to attract the attention, to exercise the fancy, to sub- due the passions, to call forth the aspirations, or to dazzle with its imposing majesty, as may be most ap- propriate. — The contemplation of perfection is always the con- templation of a thing of Beauty, Perfection is always beautiful, and truly has it been said of Architecture, or well-building, that it.is © ‘the art of the beautiful in building.” The contemplation of “a thing of beauty is a joy forever,” and rightly has Sir Henry Wotton said that Sy Delight ”? is an inseperable condition of Architecture. That building which awakens not in the human breast feelings of pleasure or delight, is not Wat- beihting, or Architecture.. In no civilized selina is the ark of tre Architect- ure less understood or practiced than in the United States. True, we have buildings which are perfect samples of nearly every style, character, and order of architecture, which has ever been known in any por- tion of the globe. But there is a prevailing sentiment too common among our people, that if it be “ firm or stable,” and commodious or'convenient, that all that is required is had. This sentiment was never learned by man from nature, nor does he act upon it in his other occupations and pursuits. The rain that de- scends from the heavens to moisten thé earth and to nourish vegetation, fails not while doing its work to point the beauteous rainbow to please and gladden the earts of all observers. Our countrymen ‘should have it impressed upon them that even though their build- _ings be convenient and stable, unless they show all the beauteous perfection which the circumstances admit, they ‘are neither architectural or well-built. Build- ings may be sometimes perfectly fitted to their pur- pete and yet not only devoid of beauty, but ponitively ideous and disgusting to the eye. The author then goes on to show that every one oA builds, owes it as a courtesy to humanity, to build with beauty, propriety, . fitness and order, so as not to offend the taste of men but to please it, and also as a mode of conveying to the mind definite emotions, sui- ted to, and expressive of the character of the work, and finally, as a means of exalting and improving the mind. He regards the perception of beauty as intui- tive. Education i is not required to foel the expressiveness of art; give us the mind wholly uneducated in it; give us the rustic or the child unused to cities, uncorrupted by the sight.of abused architecture, and he shall im- mediately feel in the true art all its intended effects— shall be awed by the sublime majesty of the Doric, or raised+by the heavenward aspiration of the Gothic temple; soothed by the mild repose of Palladio, and and enlivened by the playful fancy of Scammozi; so- bered by the severe purity of the Greeks, and relaxed by the iseaenten oo riot of Vamburgh; ‘attracted by anity of the Vicentine villa, and re- ong pieces of true architecture he shall not need to a’ which j is the temple, and which is the forum. He shall know at a glance the festive theatre and the stern hall of.hoodwinked justice, the modest hospital and the patrician palace. He shall not mistake what is ublic for what is private, nor fail to distinguish which buildings are dedicated to business, which to pleasure or to repose. All this is expressed by art, not conven’ tionalism, and is intelligible to the perfectly artless, as well or better than to him of cultivated taste—and why? Because the cultivation required does not con- sist in learning, but in unlearning the prejudices of a life;—in getting ridof the mass of falsehood imbibed during years passed in the presence of an indiscrimi- nate mixture and misapplication of every thing that is expressive in architécture ; the abuse of employing it all alike, for the sake of ornament instead of pro- priety, fancy instead of discretion. In the culture re- quired to feel rightly the effects of this art, there is nothing to be learned, but everything to be unlearned. The savage and the highly cultivated are alike in this respect; or rather, the acme of this cultivation is*to approach as near as possible to the feelings of the to- tally ignorant,—of one to whom all the architecture is new. But to those brought up in modern English cities this is perhaps impossible, (I do not mean in its perfection, but in such degree as to be useful,) so com- pletely must their natural sense of right and wrong be- come in this respect deadened and subverted, by the time their education is complete. Whoever wanders among the hundred columns of the great hall of the temple of Karnac; whoever, by the assistance of designs or models, and of the frag- ments in the British Museum, restores and rebuilds in
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his mind’s eye, the small but glorious temple of the Athenian goddess; whoever climbs the ruined stairs of the Collosseum, to the edge of its artificial crater ; whoever enters the cathedral of Amiens, or walks round the exterior of that of Salisbury ; whoever views any one of these works of architecture, and finds no poetry in it, must be incapable of Ciscovering it in anything else—in nature or in art. We might make other extracts of equal interest, though a very small portion of the book is devoted to theorizing. It will be valuable to the general rea- der as a volume of reference in historical matters con- nected with architecture, and for its full glossary of architectural terms. draughtsman, will find in it many facts not embodied elsewhere, some timely suggestions, and _in fact, a tol- erably complete compendium of the History and Ru- diments of Architecture. It is a 12mo, volume of 264 pages, with a variety of cheaply executed wood cuts. — ; Little & Co. of this city have it. The Child Angel. A DREAM. The author of the following is th Lams, who preserved his childhood’s heart though his life, and never lost the beautiful simplicity of his nature :— I chanced upon the prettiest, oddest, fantastical thing of a dream the other night, that you shall hear of. I had been reading the ‘ Loves of the Angels,” and went to bed with my head full of speculations, suggested by that extraordinary legend. It had given birth to innumerable conjectures ; and I remember the last waking thought which I gave expression to on my pillow was a sort of wonder ‘' what would come of it.’’ ” I was suddenly transported, how or whither I could scarcely make out—bnt to some celestial region. It was not the real heavens neither—not the downright Bible heaven—but a kind of fairy-land heaven, about | © which a pure human fancy may have leavg to sport and air itself, I will hope, without presumption. “Methought whatswild things dreams are !—I was, present—at what would you imagine tat, an angel’s somepping: ence it came, or how it came, 0% who bid it come, or whether. it came purely of its own head, neither you nor I know—but there lay, sure enough, wrapped in its little cloudy swaddling bands—a child angel. Sun-threads, filmy beams—-ran through the celestial napery of what seemed its princely cradie. All the winged orders hovered round, watching when the new- born should open its yet closed eyes ; which, when it did, first one and then the other—with a solicitude and apprehension, yet not such as, stained with fear, dim the expanding eyelids of mortal infants, but as if to explore its path in those its unhereditary palaces— what an pre cL a titter that time spared not celestial visages? Nor wanted there to my seeming —oh the inexplicable simpleness of dreams !—bowls of that cheering nectar, “Which mortals caudle call Rds " Nor were wanting faces of female ministrants—strick- en in years, as it might seem—so dexterous were those heavenly attendants to counterfeit kindly similitudes of earth, to greet with terrestrial child-rites the young present which earth had made to heaven. Then were celestial harpings heard, not in full sym- phony, as thosé by which the spheres are tutored, but as loudest instruments on earth speak oftentimes, muf- fled; so as to accommodate their sound the better to the weak ears of the imperfect-born. And, with the noise of those subdued soundings, the angelet sprang forth, fluttering its rudiments of pinions—but forth- with ‘flagged, and was recovered into the arms of those full-winged angels. And a wonder it was to see how, as years went round in heaven—a year in dreams is as & day—continually its white shoulders. put forth buds of wings, but, wanting the perfect angelic nutri- ment, anon was shorn of its aspiring, and fell flutter- ing— ‘still caught by angel hands—forever to put forth shoots, and to fall fluttering, because its birth was not of the unmixed vigor of heaven. And a name was given to the babe-angel, and it was to be called Ge- Urania, because its on was of earth and heaven. And it could not taste of death, by reason of its adoption into immortal palaces : “but it was to know weakness and reliance, and the shadow of human im- hecility ; ; and it went with a lame gait, but in its go- ings it exceeded all mortal children in grace and swift- ness. Then pity first sprang up in angelic bosoms ; and yearnings, (like the human,) touched them at the sight of the iyamortal lame one: And with pain did then first those indnaltine essen- ces, with pain and strife to their natures, (not grief, ) put back their bright intelligences, and reduce their ethereal minds, poe ean them to degrees and slower processes, so to adapt their lessons to the gradual Hy RAR AAREAARDRAADRARDRDRARADDAAAADRAAU AAR AAADAALDAAAN The architect, builder and - ‘THE COUNTRY GENTLEMAN. LDL PLL LS Htt') iuninnininniirrswa~tm£:, illumination (as must needs be,) of the half-earth born; and what intuitive notices they could not repel, (by reason that their nature is to know all things at once,) the half heavenly novice, by the better part of its nature, aspired to receive into its understanding— so that humility and aspiration went on even-paced in the instruction of the glorious.amphibium. - But, by reason that mature humanity is too gross to breathe the air of that super-subtile region, its por- tion was, to be a child for ever. — ‘And because the human part of it might not presg into the heart and inwards.of the palace of its adop- tion, those full natured angels tended it by turns in the purlieus of the palace, where were shady groves and rivulets, like this green earth from which it came: so Love, with voluntary humility, waited upon the entertainment of the new adopted. And myriads of years rolled round, (in dreams time is nothing,) and still it kept, and is to keep, perpetual childhood, and is the tutelar genius of childhood upon earth, and still goes lame and lovely. By the banks of the river Pison is seen, lone-sitting | by the grave of the terrestrial Adah, whom the angel Nadir loved, a child—but not the same which I saw in heaven. A mournful’ hue overcasts its lineaments— nevertheless, a correspondence is between the’ child by the grave and that celestial orphan whom I saw above; and the dimness of grief upon the heavenly, is a sha- ‘dow or emblem of that which stains the beauty of the terrestrial. And this correspondence is not to be un- - derstood but by dreams. And in the archives of heaven I had grace to read, how that once the angel N adir, being exiled from his place’ for mortal passion, upspringing on the wings of parental love, (such power had parental love for a mo- ment to suspend the else irrevocable law,) appeared for a brief instant in his station; and, depositing a wondrous birth straightway disappeared, and the pala- ces knew him no more. And this charge was the self- same babe, who _goeth lame and lovely—but Adah sleepeth by the river Pison. —p—- Onions. Onions, alas with Garlic, were held in such es- timation by the Egyptians, that they swore by these vegetables as divinities. The satirist Juvenal ridi- cules: them for their superstition, and calls them a | happy people in whose gardens their deities grow. very fine vegetable, The Egyptian onion, being was forbidden to the priests of that country, as too great a luxury. Some have thought that the priests did not eat the onion, from some superstitious dislike. | But the bulb they hated was the red squill, because it was dedicated to Typhon, their evil deity. Our Eng- lish name of onion is derived from the latin unio (one ;) because the bulb is solitary, aud throws out no offshoots. Garlic was highly esteemed among the Greeks. The Athenians believed that it counteracted the ef- fects of bad air. Garlic, with flour and honey, was re fare set before Machaon, i in the royal tent of Nes- (Iliad, book ii.) The herb moly, given by Mer- be to Ulysses to protect him from the enchantments of Circe, is believed to have been the pre called alltum magicum. (Odyssey, book x.) Garlic was sacred to the’ Roman penates, but the goddess Cybele admitted no one to her rites who had recently eaten garlic. Horace’s third epode is an ex- ecration of the strong-scented herb. We must re- member the tale in the “Arabian Nights,” that de- lightful book of our youth, in which the merchant is so severely punished by his lady wife for entering her presence with unwashed hands after eating a ragout of garlic: Pliny tells an easy mode of doing away with the unpleasant smell of garlic, by eating with it beet-root roasted in the ashes. There is a sweet- scented garlic (allium odorum,) a native of the south of Europe. In the Levant, garlic is hung-over the doors of houses to avert sorcery ; a relic, among the modern Greeks, of the veneration of Mercury’s moly with its anti-Circean virtues. Our wild arlic, with its pretty, white, star-like flower, is an ornament to our woods, as far as the sense of sight ~ at least. —Littell’s rai Age. ——— | ‘Select Thoughts for the Fireside. Gunrienzss anp Powrr.—That air, “so, gentle, 80 imperceptible to thee, is more powerful not only than all the creatures that breathe and live by it; not only than all the oaks of the forest which it rears in an age and shatters in a moment; not only than all the mon- sters of the sea, but than the sea itself, which it tosses up into foam and breaks against every rock in its vast circumference ; for it carries, in its bosom, with perfect calm and composure, the uncontrolable ocean and the peopled earth, like an atom of a. pealhen-eal aber Savage Landor. Sweer Worps.—Five of the sweetest words in the ture of woman in her lovliest, worthiest hour. English language begin with H, which is only a breath. - Heart, Hope, Home, Happiness, and Heaven. Heart 4 ms is a hope-place, and home is a heart-place; and that man sadly mistaketh, who would exchange the hate ness of home for anything less than heaven. | A PARAGRAPH FROM GOETHE.—Goethe has written few passages more beautiful than the following: _ The year is going away like the sound of bells. The winds pass over the stubble, and find nothing to move, only the red berries of that slender. tree, which seem as if they would fain remind us of something cheerful; and the measured beat of the thresher’s flail calls up— the thought that in the dry and falling ear lies so much nounbment and life. — ee) at ee Chee . bet Litteraly Notices. — ‘Tus Artist Wire, AND oTHER TaLes. By Mary | Howirr. Stringer & Townsend, New-York. 360 pages 12mo.—Mary Howitt is already well known as a writer of a class of fictitious works, which a1 ee versally esteemed for their purity of sentimen a plicity of diction, and perfect fidelity to nature. ia stories are not so strangely facinating as more highly wrought tales, but they have a peculiar sweetness, a home-like air, as if the pulse of a kind heart was — beating in them. Her leading characters are like her- self, elevated and refined, and if they associate with baser minds, it is only to show their virtues in bolder relief, and other's vices in more glaring colors. The Artist Wife is a tale of female resoluteness and self-reliance, of womanly love and faith—a true pic- It is a book which can be read without the slightest fear of any taint, and the lesson which it teaches so impres- sively, is one which no one can ponder without benefit. For sale by Gray, Sprague, & Co., of this city. “Harper’s Macazinz.—We are ingebted to An- THONY Fisk, successor to E. H. Pease & Co., for the September number. It contains a beautifully illustra- ted article on Arlington House, the seat of G. W. P. Custis, who is the adopted son of the great First Pre- sident, and the last surviving executor of his will. There are many deeply interesting memorials of Wash- ington, as well asa brief mention of Martha Washing- ton, who was the fit wife of a man so noble and good. The article alone is richly worth the price of the num- ber. Farther, we have “ A Cruise after and among the Cannibals,’’ and various pictures of cannibalistic scene- ry and beauty; “Scenes in the life of Louis XIV,” by John 8..C. Abbott, an excellent article; Napoleon at Eckmul, and the Capture of Vienna; Bleak House ; with a well filled Editor’s Department, and a capital leaf or two from Punch. ELEMeENTs or AcricuLTuRAL CHEMISTRY AND GroLocy. By Prof. J OHNSTON of England ; .with an introduction and an index by Simon Brown, Editor of | the New-England Farmer. C. M. Saxton, New-York. —This work is a valuable addition to agricultural lit- erature, and one which ought to be widely circulated. It contains a brief and simple exposition of the rudi- ments of Agricultural Chemistry and Geology, and every page abounds in practical suggestions. of great importance. Iti is, in all respects, a sound scientific treatise, and no one will be in danger of being misled by its teachings. Tt will be noticed at greater length at a future time in our pages. For sale by Little & Co. : Lirtte’s Living, Ace. Little, Son & Co., Boston, New-York and Philadelphia. Weekly, at $6 ayear. | —This excellent publication brings us its weekly ” freight of good things, and never tires in its well-doing. The last number contains—The Austrian Court in the Highteenth Century ; The Dwarfed Races of Mankind ; Ten Months among the Tents of the Tuski—Hooper ; The French in the South Seas; Out-door Recreations ; Court Cases at Bombay—Oriental Life; Lady Lee’s Widowhood, Part, VIII; Rhubarb Wine; A, Tuski Feast; besides a variety of short articles and poetry.
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‘Becord of the Cimes, GRassHoppeEns in CHavtTataue County.—Horace - Greely, who has been spending some days in this County writes to the Tribune that the Grasshoppers _ have made sweeping work in that section. They had trimmed the wheat of leaves and cropped off some of the heads and devoured the grass in paStures so that scarcely a speck of green is visable, almost’ ruined fields of late vats, eat up beans and turneps entirely, and injured considerably Indian corn. He says “Heavy and cold rains may stay the plague, but there will be a great deficiency of grain throughout the county, asthere is already of feed. Half the growing stock must be sold off from shear inability to keep it. Potatoes’have been trimmed up somewhat, but they are not essentially injured. Even. the elders and other shrubs and weeds in the roads are stripped to the bush and even below it. me tHe CONGRESSIONAL Liprary.—We learn m the Washington Union, that the Library is now n to the public. It comprises some 25,000 volumes _andis to be some farther increased. The Union thus describes the Hall:— The first impression, as you look around, is one of: unalloyed pleasure. The whole work, to the most minute part, is iron; and yet so splendidly is it painted and gilded, so elaborate and finished are the ornaments, that you can scarcely credit the fact. The ceiling, composed of immense iron plates, looking like massive blocks of brown marble panel-work, is most artistically constructed, so as to combine strength and beauty in the most perfect har- mony. - It is the only entire iron ceiling in the world. Running through the center is the skylight, which is elegantly ornamented with a cluster of stars, number- ing some. hundred—perhaps as many as we may yet number Statessin our confederacy. f Next are the two long galleries—all iron—the pil- lars, the lattice work, the balustrades, the trusses, the scrolls, the floors, the shelves, the ‘alcoves, and the steps by which you ascend. Nothing of the kind can be more perfectly beautiful than the large ornanrented scrolls which appear to support the sides of the ceiling. They represent elaborate carving, with golden ears of corn and golden clusters of grapes, interspersed among their niches. One great improvement is the facility with which the books can be reached. The alcoves are so constructed that no ladders or steps are needed to reach them. The tables and sofas are s0 situated as to afford ample room for promenading, and'the po- lite attentions of the Librarian and his* associates at once render every visitor at home” oa id = * y ait LLALL 4, by _ Avrora Bora is. ooo natedny evening last, one of the most beautiful illuminations of a portion of the heavens by Aurora Borealis, or northern. lights, may not have been witnessed by many, The ray of light spanned the horizon from east to west, and in form presented the appearance of a rich parti-twined wreath, constantly changing, draped and festooned i in the most delicate manner over the broad expanse of blue. The stars were distinctly visible through the snow-white light, and the phenomena—the sky unclouded—pre- sened one of . those grand, grotesque and sublimely beautiful scenes, that are seldom witnessed in the regions of space. A scarcely less beautiful exhibition of the same phenomena, was visible Friday evening. Epymoin DiscuargEep.—The argument in the case of Francis T. Edymoim, who was pardoned by the Governor and subsequently re-arrested, on the ground that deception had been used in obtaining his pardon, was closed at Auburn, Sept. 2. Judge Humphrey gave his decision that the Governor could not go be hind the pardon, and that the prisoner must be dis- charged. The decision gives universal satisfaction. N. ¥. Strate Temperance Socrery.—The Exeeu- tive Committee have published a circular, expressing ‘their disappointment at the defeat of the Maine Law THE COUNTRY GENTLEMAN. ballot box must be resorted ‘to secure success. : following are extracts from the circular:— We earnestly recommend that in each County a Convention should be held, a complete ization effected, and arrangements made to spread information —through able speakers, the distribution of pertinent tracts, and by means of the local press—before the people, fitted to rouse them to a due pereeption of the importance of the crisis, aud induce them, one and all, to ene their votes, for men im whem they can con- We would farther and finally recorhmend that a Com- mittee shall be appointed in each county, charged with the duty of ascertaining by correspondence the views of candidates for the Legislature, and invested with power, should pledges to support the Maine law be re- fused or withheld, or nominations delayed, to call a Convention for the purpose of selecting candidates from the ranks of Temperance. YELLow “Fever ar Hew Obits, —The New- Orleans papers of Thursday and Friday?#last, express the belief that the fever has reached its height, and will speedily decline. The deaths by fever, for the past week, sum up as follows: Sunday, Aug. 28, 124; Monday, 123; Tuesday, 125 ; Wednesday, 120; Thurs- day, 103. Contributions for the relief of the sufferers in that city, have been made by most of the Western and Southern cities. Gottschalk, assisted by the Ger- mania band, gave a concert for their benefit at New- port, Sept. 1, at which over $1,000 wore realized. y cen THE Wuowe Wortp’s Temperance Celi viewsow, Hall, Sept. 1. Rev. Thomas W. Higginson of Massa- chusetts, was appointed President; Rev. John Pierpont, P. T. Barnum, Horace Greely, Catharine M. Severance, Frances D. Gage, and other gentlemen and ladies Vice- Presidents; Susan B. Anthony and others, Secretaries; so that the honors of office are quite — aeted by the sexes. The President, in his opening of Wien: defined the ob- ject of the convention, and alluding to the difficulty which arose at the preliminary meeting, said: ‘ Once for all, I will make allusion to the original cireumstan- ces which ealled forth this convention , and I hope it will be the only allusion that will be made during our deli- berations. Let me say that we who came out from the preliminary meeting that first projected the World’s Convention, we who came out then, were reproached for coming out, when they said to us, how could you who love that temperance cause so well, forsake it by coming out from that meeting? How could you dare to risk the Temperande cause by starting out on that occasion. We say it was because we knew that by staying in we were cause they cannot be spared. And we thought that men who tried to carry out the temperance movement without the co-operation of women, were like the boy tiuued rowing round and round in the East River the whole day, but got no further—made no progress, and we thought the temperance men who only wanted to row with one oar would be in a similar predicament, and as have got them here.”’ The next speaker was the Rev. Antoinette L. Brown, the Pastoress of a church in South Butler, N..Y., who spoke quite eloquently and enthusiastically 0 on: the sub- ject of Temperance. ' Horace Greely read a antae of resolutions, in all 15, expressive of the opinions of the convention, which he supported by an able, characteristic speech. We regret that we have not space to copy these resolutions entire, poses of the advocates of the Maine Law. Miss Mary igan, addressed the convention briefly. by P. T. Barnum, and Miss Lucy Stone, of Mass. - On the second day, Rev. Wm. sibrapcune of Roches- — on. —T os sm + osm oo bill. in the last Legislature and their belief that the The gust 20. between French and English Knights on the field of —This body commenced its sessiofis at Metropolitan risking the Temperance’ cause by excluding one half of | the human race, whose hearts, whose heads, and whose | hands, must be kept in the Temperance movement, be-— who tried to row his boat with only one oar. He con- | | Austrians would occupy Servia, as a check upon any | revolution that might arise out of the occupation of we wished to make progress in the temperance move-_ | ment, we madea strike at once for two oom, and we with 50,000 men. as they embody fully the motives, principles, and pur-— Jackson from England, and Friend Grazier from Mich-— In the evening of the first day, speeches were made SIN IO ter, Mr. Whitney of Mass., Mrs. O. J. Nichols of Ver- mont, Miss Emily Clatk, Wim. Loyd Garrison and in addressed the Convention. In the evening; Hon. John P. Hale, made a ling speech. . saicaagpdiaden FOREIGN NEWS. By the arrival of the Lurvopa we have news to Au- - ENGLA®b.“Debates had taken place in Parliament with regard to the Turkish question, a and were general- ly unsatisfactory. A parliamentary report strongly recommends the Decimal Cutrenéy, making the sovereign the unit of one thotsand mills, retaining of the present edits the half sovereign, crown, florin, shilling, sixpence ; calling in the penny, threepence and fourpence, and issuing new silver coin of ten mills and twenty mills, and hew copper coin of one, two and five mills. The Royal Agricultural Society’s trial of reaping machines was términated at Berkshire, August 17, at which five machines competed, viz: Bell’s, McCor- mick’s, Hussey’s improved, McCormick's improved, and Croskill’s. Prizes were awarded to Croskill’s and Bell’s. Francz.—The French news is entirely concentrated on reports of the grand fete of the 15th. A review of thousands of men, tournaments—a passage at arms the Cloth of Gold, baloon ascents, processions, boat- races, &¢., took place. H gh Mass was celebrated ; and the proseeditign wound up with a brilliant. display of fireworks, and an unlimited supply of bread and Vin ordinaire to the poor, at a total expenditure of three-fowrths of a tnillion of francs. qos AND renwes tei Eastern affairs no ange has taken place singe the announcement al- ready received, that the Porte accepts, without modi- fication, the not® prepared by the four Powers, ond already aé¢ceded to by the Czar. ‘The Berlin National Zeitung has a communication from Russia, dated the 12th ult., which states that the Emperor’s acceptance of the Vienna proposition was not unconditional—the evacuation of the Princi- palities was made dependent on the acceptance of the proposals by the» Porte without alteration or change. — The Porte will not send off an Ambassador until the order to withdraw is sent to the Russian troops. The Czar will not send that order till the Porte has signed an arrangement which is tantamount to a concession of every point in dispute, and having got so far as to be permitted to send an Envoy to St. Petersburg, there will then be the two questions of indemnification of expenses and the expulsion of all political refugees. Recent advices ftom Belgrade mention that the pop- ulation of Servia was arming, and that 30,000 militia were already armed. Letters from Malta of the 12th, state that a courier had arrived at Constantinople with news that 20,000 the Prinvipalities by the Russians. Tho Prince of Servia replied that he should resist such a measure The reports are so conflicting and uncertain that no well-founded judgment as to the probable issue can be formed. Curna.—Dates from Hong Kong are to the 2343 une. The following is from the correspondence of the Lon- don Times: “Canton remains quiet, but an uneasy feeling. exists, and petty robberies are being commit- ted in the suburbs. More than once a threatened at- tack upon the city has been rumored to take place, but nothing of consequence has occurred, and every pre- caution is taken to prevent an, outbreak. “From Shanghai we have dates to the 9th June, by the French war steamer Cassini, and from Ching- ) x Kiang-foo, we have advices to the 30th ult. An atiack @ had been made on that fort by the Imperial fleet, but (dh
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= all attempts to dislodge the insurgents were, from their favorable position, unsuccessful. 9 | “ At Nankin the insurgents continued to fortify that place, ‘and other cities they hold near it, and the im- pression was they would make no forward movement till the cold weather set in. Nothing has been men- | tioned of the movements of the grand Imperial army around Nankin. ay _ “Our dates from Amoy are to the 18th June. The rebels were. fortifying the place against a threatened attack of the Imperialists. The forced contributions levied on the inhabitants. caused great discontent, and many were shipping off their valuables, and setting the | rebels at defiance. Great distress prevailed among the lower orders, and it would be a relief to have the old government back. A “ Foo-chow-foo remained quiet on the 12th June, our last date. Much excitement existed, as the rebels were reported close at hand. The Tartar troops were practicing daily. The rebellion had broken out at. Shang-foo, some distance in the interior.” At Canton the import market is seriously affected by | the present state of affiairs. Money is scarce. The | Shanghai market is closed for imports. The total ex- port of tea for the season of 1852-53, is estimated at 6,500,000 Tbs., in excess of that for the season 1851-52. MeExico.—We have dates to August 21. The only item of interest is the following :— _ Mexican troops were approaching El Passo, intend- ing to keep possession of Mesilla Valley, where the Mexican flag was waving, and would continue to un- til our troops arrived. The Mexican troops were de- serting, and one thing was certain, that should hostili- | ties break out, the majority of the inhabitants of | ; port of New-York thus far, the present year, exceed _ those of last year $45,000,000.- New Mexico would lean to the United States. NEWS ITEMS. : The Crystal Palace was opened for the first time in the evening, on Friday Sept. 2. A grand illumination took place, and the Machine Arcade and the Picture Gallery were thrown open for inspection. The exhibi- tion is said to be now complete. \ A German traveller has discovered a race of negroes near the kingdom of Bambara, that are Jews in their | religious rites and observances. Nearly every family has the laws of Moses written on parchment; and al- though they speak of the prophets, they have none of their writings. Mi The New-York Tribune announces that P, T. Barnum is on a tour through Ohio and Wisconsin, to lecture in advocacy of Temperance and the Maine Law. - The Maryland Whig State Convention have nominat- ed for Governor, Richard J. Bowie of Montgomery. Herr Von Parmewitz, the inventor of the process for | making wool from pine trees, has recently presented the | king of Prussia specimens of paper made from the same article. . September 28, city in the world in proportion to its population. If its taxable property were equally divided, every Bostonian would have fourteen hundred and forty dollars. In New-York, if a division of property were made, we should only have fine hundred and eighty-four dollars a piece. _ Dr. Hoop, of Whiteville, Ga., describes @ negro Wo-. man living near him, 34 years of age, the mother of ten ebony children, whose skin since she was 11 years of age, has changed from a pure black to a white, as fair asany Caucasian blood. Her eyes and hair retain the African peculiarities. No diseased condition of the skin or sys- tem has been’ discovered to show cause for this change of color. The farmers of Onondaga county, in this state, have of late years turned their attention, to a considerable extent to the culture of tobacco. It has come to be re- garded as profitable, and now enters largely into the staple products of that rich county, The Syracuse Re- gister says that it pays better than almost any other crop. PPLPAPP LVAD LL LIB LD LPP LL DLE LD LOL MIIMLL<SOWI I FOINONO"/ : THE COUNTRY GENTLEMAN. A large pyramid, built of hewn stone, and evidently of a very ancient date, has been discovered near the banks of the Colorado River, two hundred miles above its confluence with the Gila. It bears a resemblance to similar works in Central America. The United States Have 67 tunnels on canals and rail- roads, the longest of which is about one mile. Something curious in the way of Pears may be seen in the Agricultural Rooms. On a stem of eleven in- ches in length are 50 isolated pears, and 75 clusters of seven each. They were made to grow in this way by / MIcHAEL Monegan, by some grafting process of his own. . The Buffalo Daily Republic says the celebrated In- dian, Bhack Snaxp, now 106 years of age, is still hale and hearty, residing at Alleghany Reservation.. He was one of the most, active of his tribe in bringing about a treaty in behalf of the United States with General ins pa at Philadelphia, in 1787. There are eight hundred ways of earning a living in The total number of interments in New-Orleans for the week ending Aug, 18, were 1,628 of which: 1,442 were from yellow fever. -New-Jersey has been holding a State Temperance Convention the past week. It was largely attended, and resolutions in, favor of legal prohibition were pass- _ed. The central committee were empowered to call a convention to nominate a governor, if they should deem it expedient. = The Journal of Commerce says that the imports at the Gen. John Wilson, who now resides in San Francisco, has written to Gov. Foote of Mississippi, about a group of islands in the Pacific, known as Navigator’s Islands. With the letter, Gen. Wilson sends to Gov. Foot some’ pickings of cotton, taken from one of the cotton trees which grow on those islands. This tree attains the ex- traordinary height of thirty feet, with a diameter of | one foot, and branches spreading thirty feet. The ball is about the size of a goose egg. When the cotton tree isin full bloom it presents a superb appearance, looking like an immense snow-ball tree of the kind that adorns so many of our gardens. ? 3 _ Three of Kossutn’s sisters are residing in New York. One is at the head of a boarding house in Ir- ving Place. The others intend to open a lace and silk store in Broadway. Five years ago they were weal- thy themselves, but they are now poor. On the 6th of June a locomotive was run for the | first time on the Egyptian railroad, much to the as- -tonishment of the Bedouins, who found it impossible ts gt to kee e with the engine, on their best horses. A State Convention. of those who are in favor of the | PCP Bee p the nga ‘ane : passage of the ten-hour, law, will be held = Boston, _ Lives, on THE Coast or Hinpoostan !—The follow- : ing are the particulars of the horrible catastrophe : The Home Journal says, that Boston is the richest | den, partly manned by an BHuropean crew, and for | -some years past has been trading between Bombay andthe yarious ports on the coast of Arabia, Early | in April she was chartered to convey a number of pil- _grims, (who were returning, after a lengthened pil- _grimage through Arabia, to various parts of India,) on a voyage to Bombay. She was fitted up accord- ingly, and on taking her departure, had, besides the crew, no fewer than 400 people on board; also a val- —uable cargo. The catastrophe happened on the night ‘+ of the 17th of June. The evening previous the cap- Loss oF THE British Snip Nessgex, and 300 The Nesaree was an English vessel, 500 tons bur- tain sighted Bombay, but soon after the weather set in thick, with rain, and heavy squalls blowing on the land, amid which.the ship got her rudder unshipped, and, in consequence, got unmanageable. ee The passengers ascertaining the perilous position of the vessel, and that she was driven ashore, became frantic, and attempted to escape by the boat. The at- tempt, as may be imagined, pe fatal. A tremen- dous rush instently capsized them, and at least 60 perished. The destruction of the ill-fated vessel soon followed. Shortly after midnight she struck, and the next minute her masts, with at least 100 of the unhap- py creatures clinging to the rigging, gave way and / and fell overboard. The pia. ed to death or perished by drowning. Inthe conrse were either crush-. of a few hours the vessel entirely broke up, and the PLL LALO LV LAW OOOO VIO whole of the remaining passengers and crew were q i, plunged in among the breakers. Great sacrifice of life | ‘followed. Out of the 450 souls who were alive the {| night previous, all, with the exception of 94 perished. | The 94 survivors were washed ashore on fragments of the wreck. What renders the catastrophe worse is, that no list or record exists from which could be gath- ered the names of the sufferers, or to what place in| India they belonged. The spot where the vessel was wrecked was near Hubshee Junjeera, 35 miles south of Bombay. © ' : om Uncertainty or Tits Law—A laughable. illus- tration of the heading of this article occurred in Iki- nois lately, as will be seen by the following, from the Peoria. News. ‘ Mr. B. was out hunting with his rifle, and crossing the field of Mr. C.a Frenchman, C.’s large dog attacked him savagely, while C. stood look- ing on, withont attempting to call off his dog. B. get- ting out of patience, shot the dog, and he fell, appa- rently dead. C., in high dudgeon, forthwith got out a warrant, and had B. arrested for killing his dog—swore to the killing, and was corroborated by two of his neigh- bors, who were present atthe shooting. The magis- _twate fined B. ten dollars and costs, which amounted to about ten more. B. paid his fine and costs, and when the parties got home from the trial, the dog had got home also, and was not killed. B. then got out a war- rant for the Frenchman and his two associates for pe jury, in swearing that B. had killed his dog. They were frightened and made peace with B., paid him back his twenty dollars, and ten more for his trouble, - and no trial was had; and when the parties returned _ home from the last suit, lo! the dog was dead.” Sea SERPENT IN THE Piscataqua.— Three gen- tlemen of this city, Messrs. T. P. Moses, N. K. Taynes, and Geo. Folley, on Monday were down the river in the pleasure boat Swan. When between Fort Point and Bell’s Wharf, in New-Castle, a serpent, or snake, passed close along side, carrying his head about a foot out of water, nearly erect. The head was snake shap- _ed, and the neck about as large as a man’s wrist. One of the party, Mr. Thomas P. Moses, struck the reptile _a blow with an oar, which caused him to altey his motions, as if hurt; but after continuing his progress away from the boat’s stern, perhaps thirty yards, he changed his course, as if to pursue the boat—but be- fore the boat could be got about to reach him he dis- appeared: His motions were quite rapid, and his snak- ish character beyond question. From what they could see of him he was ten or twelve feet long, and might have been captured if the men had had a small boat. —Porthsmouth Chronicle. Ap Tue Earty Newsparers.—It is uncertain, says the Boston Post, what country first used newspapers. In the days of James I., in England, news was occa- sionally circulated in small quarto pamphlets. The earliest one preserved in the British Museum is enti- tled News out of Holland, ofthe date of 1619, and printed by N. Newbury; and there are others of the date of 1620, 1621, 1622. In 1622 these quarto issues were converted into a regular weekly issue, entitled News of the Present Week, edited. by Nathaniel But- ler, and this was the first. weekly newspaper printed in England. In the days of Charles I., these news _ pamphlets multiplied greatly. In 1622 the King- dom’s Intelligencer was commenced in London, which contained a greater variety of matter than had been customary. In afew years the advertisement feature began. It -was not until Queen Anne’s time, 1709, that the Londoners had the luxury of a daily journal —The Daily Courant Scotland had a newspaper in__ 1653; Ireland in 1641; Germany in 1612; the Ameri- can colonies in 1704. The earliest country that had _ them is supposed to be Italy. | - Brack River anv Utica Rartioap.—The cere- - mony of breaking ground on the Black River and Uti- ea Railroad, took place Aug. 28 in Utica. A large assemblage of people was present, notwithstanding the incessant rain in the morning, and the proceedings throughout were marked with the right spirit. At an _ early hour a procession was formed, consisting of seve- ral military companies, the officers of the city, the. directors of the road, and a number of gentlemen in carriages, and others on foot. After the breaking of _ the ground by the President of the road, T. 8. Faxton, _Esq., Governor Seymour addressed the audience in a speech of an hour’s length., He alluded to the riches of the country through which-the road is to pass, as well as the wealth and enterprise of the city of Utica, and paid a deserved tribute to the Directors and Pre- sident of ‘the road, Speeches were also made by Mr. George, of Jefferson county, and by S. Kellogg. Esq., of Utica, as also by Mr. Faxton, the President of the road. Governor Seymour declared his confidence in the speedy construction of the road, and in the pro- ductiveness of the stock.— National Democrat. ALBANY AND SusquEHANNAH RaiLroap.—The Schoharie Sentinel states that the Engineers have completed their labors in that vicinity, and are now engaged in ascertaining the area of land the road will . take of each owner. It adds that the d¢ontractors in- tend very soon to begin the work. The sooner the . sa - ‘Fal
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Fe | % 27 ve / 81a83he for four rowed. CORN is in light supply; the sales 1 em better. Itis a noble enterprise, which cannot be com- menced too soon, or prosecuted too vigorously. Thir- teen directors, for the ensuing year, are to be elected at the office in this city, on the 6th inst.—Alb. Jour. Harm Product Markets. Albany Market, September 3, 1853. | Wes eg: yaar Influenced by the favorable tone of the York markets and light receipts our flour- market during the week has ra- - pidly advanced, showing an advance of 374a50c on the low grades, and 25a37c on the betier grades. ‘Ihe demand has been to a fair extent, with little disposition on the part of holders to press sales, even at the advance; the light stock checking sales except to their regular trade. The arrival of the Auuntic, now due at New York is looked, for anxiously in the present feverish state of the market at that city. The sales of the week are 11,500 bls closing at $5,50a5,62 for com- mon to straight State; $5,62a5,75 for mixed to good Michi- gan, Indiana, &c.; $5,75a5,87 for fancy Genesee; $5,75a6 for extra Ohio, Indiana, &c., and $5,87a6,50 for Genesee, with an upward tendency. Corn meal is steady at $1,50. GRAIN.—WHEAT has fo'lowed flour, and advanced from 129 to 134¢, the higher figure paid on Friday, and lots afloat command an advance; sales of the week 27,000 bush, all Ge- nesee, and cle aring the market of all afloat. RYE, none ar- ivi BARLEY comes forwardslowly; the demand is not all afloat is taken; the sales of the week are 19,800 24ce for old Canadian; 75a78c for two-rowed, and are’ only 32,000 bush. at a range from 72a75c for Western mixed, principaily in lots at 74a75c, and closing at the inside _ OATS are dull and lower; sales of 18,000 bush. at 464247c. ; , 3 PERD—Fair demand, with sales during the week at 134a 14e for shorts, 16al8¢ for second quality, aud 112}a125¢ tor middlings. ' ‘ 4 HOPS—Sales of new reported at 37c. ‘M's New-York, September 23. FLOUR AND MEAL.—Our market for the low grades of State and Western Flour 124c better, the demand quite active, part speculation, in anticipation of better prices by the Atlantic. The demand for forward delivery continues good, and we note more doing in the better grades to arrive. The arrivals are moderate, and we notice more doing from store. Canadian is quiet, a lot of 500 bls sold last evening at $5,75, now held firmly at $6. The sales of Western canal are 17,- 500 bls. at $5,94a6 for common to straight state, #6a6,124 for mixed to fancy Michigan and Indiana, aid commouto good Ohio—closing with nothing to be had above inside figures— of the sales some 10,000 bls were for future delivery, at $5,87425,04 for State, for September; $6 do for October, and $6,25 for extra Ohio, for October delivery. Southern is bet- ter, the demand is more active, in partto arrive. Sales of 1200 bls at $6a6,124 for Ohio, Baltimore Alexandria, and Georgetown, and $6,25a7 for Fancy. Also 2000 bls. old on private terms. . RYE flour is scarce and wanted at $3,874 tor fine, and $4,25a4,50 for superfine. CORN-.Meal is better with a good demand. Sales of 275 bls Jersey at $3,374a3,50, PROVISIONS.—There is little change to note in the value of Pork; the demand is good, and the arrivals light. One stock of Mess and Primes reduced to about 26,000 bls. which is limited. , The sales ar bls. at $15,374a16,50 for Mess, $14,25a15 for Prime Mess. $17,50a18 for Clear, $12,a12,50 for Rumps, and $12,75a13 for Prime. Beef is in moderate re- quest. Common is plenty and very heavy, and prices nomi- nal. Sales of 160 bis: at $7a9,50 for Country Mess, $12a12,25 for re-packed Chicago, $12,a12,50 for City Mess, 13,75a14 for Extra, and $4,50a6 for Country and City Prime. Prime Mess is held?with more firmness at $17al9. Sales of 80 tes. common Ohio $17. Beef hams are quiet and not plenty, at $13a13,50 for good State and Ohio. Cut meats are better, and in good demand. Sales of 340 hhds. and tierces at 8}a9c for Hams, and 6a6}c for shoulders. Lard is dull, but steady. Sales of 230 bis. and kegs at 1lalljc. Butter is in good demanid, and is firm at 15al7e for Ohio and 18a20c for State. © Cheese is selling freely at 8ha94c. ; . GRAIN—WHEAT is again one or two cents better; the demand continues active for export, mainly to arrive; there 1s also a good ingury for Milling. ‘The sales embrace 26,500 bushels fair 10 choice White Michigan at $1 38a1 424; 10,000 bushels Prime White Ohio, to arrive, at $1 37}; 2,100 bush. Ordinary White Ohio at $1 32; 0 the latter price for an invoice intransit to Liverpool ; 14,000 bushels Good to Prime White Southern at $1 30a1 32; 5,000 bushels White Michi- gan, to arrive $1 37$a1 40 for Good to’ Prime, Prime White Canadian, to arrive, $135. RYE is selling in small lots at 90a9lc. OAT'S are firmer; sates of State and Western at 47 ai9c.,and Jersey 4la44c. CORN is Jessfactive and is easier ; the sales are 29,000 bushels at'72a74e for Unsound ; 74a75¢ for Southern White and Mixed; 744a75}c for Western Mix- ed; 76c for Round Yellow; 76a76}c for Southern Yellow; and 75¢ for Round White. , ; CATTLE MARKET. | NEW-YORK, August 20.—At Washington Drove Yard— The cool weather has had the effect to impart more spirit to the market to-day. The offerings comprise 2,500 Beef Cattle, (all Southern and Western.) So celebrated has Dr. M’Lane’s Vermifuge become, that it is regarded as the only specific cure for worms. Families should never be without a supply of it. At this sea- son particularly, when worms are so troublesome and fre- quently fatal among children. parents should be watchful; and on the first appearance of those distressing symptoms which warn us of their presence, at once, at once apply this powerful and efficacious remedy. We ure confident that it only requires a trial, to convince all that it richly merits the praises that have been lavished upon it. 1t is safe and infalli- ble. Volumes of certificates can be produced, showing its great medical virtues. ta Tk . Purchasers will be careful to ask for Dr. McLANE’S CELEBRATED VERMIFUGE, and take none else. All other Vermifuges, in comparison, are worthless. Dr. Mc- Lane’s genuine Vermifuge; also his Celebrated Liver Pills, can now be had at all respectable Drug Stores in the United States and Canada. FRUIT TREES, _ Ornamental Shrubs, Flowering Plants, &c, ak J. THOMAS has for sale at his N ursery, Macedon, N. e Y*,a fine and select collection of Fruit Trees, propa- gated from the BEST PROVED SORTS, consisting of :— | aa di tide REELED .. at 20 cts. each, $15 per 100. Peach, do LaPBOss oad aw «oe : 20 do ‘15 , do do do tlyearfrombud, 15 do 12. do Cherry, do with fine heads, 31 do 25 do Pear, do_ standards,,,.... 50 do ~ do do” Gwatfa, ...0..4. St.’ a6 Ph, Go Peles ay 3 do Besides the smaller fruits, as Strawberries, Grapes, &c. For those who desire it, careful selections will be made by the proprietor, of the different sorts, so as to afford a regular succession of the finest varieties, through summer, autumn, and winter, without additional charge. TREES and SHRUBS, HERBACEOUS PERENNIAL FLOWERING PLANTS, &c., among which are a hun- dred selected sorts of Roses, the finest Spireeas, Peeonias, Phloxes, Tulips, &e. , Orders directed “‘ J. J, THOMAS, Macedon, Wayne Co., N. Y.,”” and accompanied with remittances, will be careful- ly filled, and the trees or plants packed in the best manner for safe conveyance by railway. dite ‘ah Sept. 8—36—St—m2t.. A Small Farm for Sale. VMFTY acres of public land, with house, barn fruit trees, and a never failing spring of water—one mile from the flourishing village of Northville on the great stage road be- tween Auburn and Ithaca. Inquire of Isaac Jacogs, near the premises. i ~ DAVID THOMAS. My Homestrap (farm of 118 acres) “ A Desirable Country Residence,”’ still continues on sale. Sept. 8—36—3t—mlt. Crystal Palace. LL persons who applied for space in the Agricultural Department, which was not awarded, will please send their address, also stating what their articles consisted of, and the amount of room applied for, to box 3.230; New-York Post-Office. . Sept. 8—36—It. Also, for sale, a large collection of hardy ORNAMENTAL | Cher. ‘ LRA PAPAAPA AALAND American Botanic Garden and Nurseries, 5000 Standard Pear Trees, 3, years old, 5 to 7 feet high, mostly Virgalieu and Bartletts. .: 5,000 do. 2 years old, 3 to 5 feet = including many other leading varieties. These trees are all healthy and vigorous. 5,000 Peach, one year from bud, strong and fine. 20,000 Balsam Firs, 3 years, cultivated, very fine. 10,000 American Arborvite, 2 years, cullivaied. The above, and many other articles, are offered at whole- | sale, at very low prices. _ Also a general assortment of FRUIT AND ORNA- MENTAL TREES, Shrubs, Roses, Pzeonies, Phioxes, Spi- ) reas, Tulips, Hyacinths, &c., &c., at retail. Particular atiention is given to the cultivationof HARDY EVERGREENS, for Door-yards and for Hedges. Catalogues furnished gratvs. iy ) Orders solicited, Address DELL & COLLINS, Sept. 8—36—31.—mlt. = Waterloo, Seneca Co., N. Y. "Sale of Imported, Stock. ev He MADISON COUNTY IMPORTING COMPA- NY,’ will offer for sale to the highest bidder, on the 27th of September next, their entire herd of stock, nen. has been selected by the first of judges from the best herds of England, and imported with great care. Their stock con- sists of 24 head of pure bred Short Horns—14 Buils from 1 to 3 years old, 8 cows and heifers, and 2 calves, 20 Leicester Sheep, and 12 Suffolk Hogs. The stock can be seen and examined at this place at any time until the day of sale. Catalogues giving names and pedigrees, can be had by addressing the Secretary, at this lace, or at the office of the Ohio Cultivator, Columbus, after ept. Ist. Sale to commence at 10 o’clock, A. M. JESSE WATSON, Pres’t. J. T. Lacy, Secretary. London, Madison County, Ohio, Sept. 1st, 1853 —w2t — ; Fruit and Ornamental Trees, &c. ‘een subscribers have the pleasure of announcing an im- ‘ - mense stock of trees, &c., for the autumn trade—em- racin Standard Trees for Orchards. ’ ~ Dwarf and Pyramidal Trees for Gardens. Ornamental Trees for streets, parks, and pleasure grounds. Rare and Beautiful Lawn Trees. . , New and rare Weeping Trees. Evergreen Trees, embracing the rarest species of Pines, Firs, Sprnces, Yews, Cedars, Toninet, &e. Hardy Flowering Shrubs. . ‘ Roses, of all classes, and embracing the newest and best sorts. ' Dahlias—the finest English prize sorts. Chrysanthemums—including the finest of the new Pom- pone varieties. ' van ‘ Phloxes and Paonies—superb collections. . : Bedding Planits—a complete. assortment. — %i Bulbous Roots—just imported from Holland, and of the fin- est quality. - Hedge Plants. © . Box Edging. Rhubarb, Asparagus, §c., §e. The favorabie season has given everything a vigorous and fine growth. All orders, whether for large.or smiil} quanti- ties, executed with the greatest care, and in strict compli- ance with the wishes of the purchaser. Packing done inthe most secure and skillful manner, so that parcels can be trans- mitted thousands of miles with safety. Nurserymen and dealers in trees, wtll be supplied on the most liberal terms. The following Catalogues are sent gratis, and prepaid 10 all who apply and enclose a postage stamp for each. No. 1. Descriptive Catalogue of Fruits. BNo. 3...) > do. Ornamental Trees, &e. No. 3. Descriptive Catalogue of Dahlias, Green-house” Plants, &c. . any e's - No. 4. Wholesale Catalogue. . ELLWANGER & BARRY, Mount Hope Nurseries, Rochester, New-York. Sept. 1—34—3t.—m lt. ) ‘ Fall Exhibition of the New-York Hort. Society. EPS Sooies ?s Fall Exhibition will be held at Niblo’s Garden, New-York city, on Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday, September 20th, 2ist, and 22d, 1853. ‘The Com- mittee would call attention to a very liberal hstof awards ; and to afford encouragement to those who live without the city, they will pay the freight on all artieles sent from a dis- tance. By order of the Committee of Arrangements. . » 33—5t.—mlt. PETER B. MEAD, Chairman. \ ‘ New-York Agricultural Warehouse. JORSE Powers, Threshers,. Fan Mills, Smut Machines, Grain Drills, Hay Presses, Grain Mills, Corn and Cob ‘Crushers, Cider Mills, and a large assortment of Plows and all kinds of Agricultural and Horticultural Implements. Peruvian Guano, Super-phosphate of Lime, Bone Dust and other fertilizers of the most superior kinds. tines ina 8 R. L. ALLEN. Aug. 18—w mtf. _ 189 & 191 Water-st., New-York. Superior Seed Wheat. , Awe GE assortment of the best varieties of improved eed Wheat, among which are the Golden Australian, China or Troye, White’ Flint, Hutchinson’s Improved, Soule aud Mediterranean. - ) ween Seed Rye of the best winter variety; also.a cheaper kind, suitable for late fall and early spring pastures. R, Field and Garden Seeds of the various sorts, _ R. L, ALLEN, Aug. 18—w mitf. 189 & 191 Water-st., New-York. _ ‘Horse Powers, — ON the Endless Chain Principle, from the best manufac- turers—Emery’s, Wheeler’s, and White & Prentiss. THRASHERS AND SEPARATORS.—Thrashers, Sep- - arators, and Winnowers combined. The above are warranted to give satisfaction. For sale at the lowest cash prices, at the State par iontincel Warehouse. . LONGETT & GRIFFING, Aug. 18—w8t—m2t 25 Cliff-street, New-York.
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+e we i J irst Great Annual Sale é 2 and Dairy Stock, in Westchester County, New- ‘hk, by JAMES M. MILLER, on the farm of JAMES BATHGATE, Esq., one mile from Fordham, and 14 miles from the City Hall, New-York City, by the Harlem Railroad, cars running hourly, will take place on the 27th Day of September, 1853. I eens G been solicited by numerous Cattle-breeders, in my native County of Westehester, to get up a sale in Which all may participate to any desired extent, wiether wishing to sell one or more animals, and my old_ friend, James Bathgate, having kindly consented to give the use of his Capacious premises upon which to make the first-experi- ment, | have made the above announcement, and now invite all persons naving high-bred and grade Cattle for sale, either in this or adjoining states, to participate in the advantages of- . fered. % _ out The name and full description of Animals intended for sale, with the owner’s name and residence, must be sent to my of- tice, No. 81 MAIDEN LANE, New-York, before the 12th of September next, to be inserted in the Catalogue, which will be ready for delivery on the 15th of September ; and the Cattle must be on the ground before 10 o’clock on the day of sale, or the evening previous, if possible, which wil com- mence precisely at 12 o’clock, rain or shine. The charge for selling, including all charges for advertis- ing, Catalogue, Commission, &c., will be Five Dollars per head, except when special bargains are made. for calves or low priced animals. . None but Cattle of well-known breeds of established cha- racter, will be received, and every animal offered must be sold without reserve. t : If the experiment is successful, a sale will be held every year, al some convenient point, makng a GREAT FAIR tor the farmer and improved stoek breeder. . Zo those who know me, it is needless to say I have sold more blooded Cattle than any other man in America; and to others it is a sufficient guarantee that the proposed sale will be fairly aud honorably conducted. JAMES M. MILLER, 81 Maiden Lane. dept. 1—m1t—w3t. fe Super-Phosphate of Lime—C, Deburgh’s No. 1. Ww are the only authorized agents for the sale of De- burgh’s Super-Phosphate of Lime in the city of New York. As there has been various spurious substances sold last spring for this superior manure, we request farmers and dealers to send their orders direct tO our warehouse. We have sold about 300 tons this spring, and have received infor- mation from many that it was equal to guano in its immedi- ate effect, and much more lasting in the land.» Any person who. purchased from us Deburgh’s Super- Phosphate last spring, which has not given satisfaction, by sending us notice, we will forward another lot for trial with- ul 2 oe) SLONGETT & GRIFFING,> ~ State Agricultural Wareheuse, No. 26 Clifi-st. New-York, Aug. 11—w8t—inlt. Super-phosphate. N°? expense has. been spared in the’ combination of this most fertilizing manure, which contains the natural properties of plants. It is superior to most of the articles offered for sale under the same name, and is inferior to none, although sold at a much lower price. It is put up in bags, at $40 per ton, of 2000 lbs., cash. Office of the New-York Super-phosphate Manufacturing Company, No. 159 West-street, New-York. Aug. 18—wlt—m3t VICTOR R. KNOWLES, Agent. Hickok’s Patent Improved Cider Mill and Press, Ww have been appointed sole agents of this Mill, and Press in the city of New-York. This is the most ap- proved mill now in use. Catalogues, with description and drawing, will be forwarded by addressing us, post-paid.— Price $40. ’ LONGETT & GRIFFING, | July 22—30—8t—m2t No. 25 Cliff-street, New-York. Spanish Merino Wucks. TS subscriber offers for sale several Spanish Merino Buck Lambs. ‘These sheep are supposed to be excelled by none in the state, and are pronounced by judges from dif- ferent sections of the country to be superior stock, ‘They are justly celebrated for weight and fineness of fleece, and per- fect hardiness of ‘constitution. Prices from $10 to $15 per head. Aug. 11—w4t—m2t. New Britain, Hartford Co., Ct. Albany Drain Tile Works, . No. 60 Lancaster Street, Albany, West of Medical College. HE subscriber, successor to JOHN GOTT, formerly A, §. BABCOCK & CO., is he oeghoudb furnish Dratnine TILE of both Horse Shoe and Sole patterns, at from $1210 $18 per 1000 pieces. The tile are more than a foot in length, and fully equal to any of American or Foreign manufacture. They are so formed as to admit water at every joint, and drain the land perfectly from 12 to 20 feet on each side, ac- cording to the nature of the soil. ; Also, Larce TILe for drains about dwellings, yards, &c., at from $410 $8 per 100 pieces. more durable than brick drains. Full directions for preparing ditches, laying tile, &c., will be sent free to those ‘addressing the subscriber, post-paid, The tiles can be sent safely any distance. spectfully solicited. | DAVID CALLANAN. August 4—31—12t—m2t. Albany, N. Y. w Bine Grass. 7 These are cheaper an 5000 BUSHELS of choice Kentucky Blue Grass—All | new Seed. The superior manner in which our seed is prepared for market, has’ given it a reputation alto- gether unequalled, wherever it has been sold. We are now prepared to fill orders to any extent. ~ _ MILLER & SHREVE, _ » Western Agricultural Warehouse, August 25, 1893—w3m Louisville, Ky. LEVI 8. WELLS, » Orders are re- THE COUNTRY GENTLEMAN. PIS United States Agricultural Warehouse and Seedstore No. 197 Water street, near Fulton street, New-York. Bi dee ie Planters and Farmers, in want of AGRI- CULTURAL aud HORTICULTURAL IMPLE- MENTS or SEEDS, for shipping, plantation, farm or garden purposes, will please call and examine our extensive and su- perior assortment of goods in the above line, unsurpassed by workmanship, and of the most approved patterns; all of 7 we will sell on as good terms as any other house in this city. — " We * atiahotae our assortrnent the far-famed and une- qualed EAGLE D. & F. PLOWS, warranted to draw lighter and do as good work in sod or .stubble ground, as any other Plow to be found in the United States. E tbs ribers, proprietors of the above Agricultural Works, are the sole manufacturers of > Portable Hay Press, i This press was illustrated in the 16th No. of the Country Gent., and the June number of the Cultivator. Since that time, some very essential and valuable improvements have been made ~ A new and improved capstan has been invented, by which the horse (without being removed from the sweep) operates — the press, both in packing the bale, and drawing back the follower, thereby dispensing with the windlass for drawing back the followér by hand. The horizontal press, illustrated in the 14th No. of the Country Gent., and the May number of the Cultivator, and represented as ‘* H. L. Emery’s porta- ble hay press,”’ is the horizontal press as first invented by Mr. Dederick, and exhibited at the New-York State Fair, held at Utica in Sept. last, and was published by said Emery with- out authority or consent, The Horizontal Press, as since im- proved, and at present manufactured by us, is. universally admired and approved, Its advantages, compared with the upright or vertical portable press, are too numerous to be _ Descriptive circulars will be - promptly sent upon application. We warrant these presses . specified in a limited notice. in all cases, 10 give satisfaction or to be returned. Orders solicited and promptly filled. , ; DEERING & DERICK, | esos Corners of Bleecker and Franklin sts., Albany. July 21—w29—mif. | a rey . Improved Portable Cider Mill and Press, “JICKOK’S Improved Portable Cider Mill and Press, re- . ceived following premiums in 1852, viz:—A Silver Medal at the Fair of the American Institute, New-York. First pre- Diploma at the Franklin Institute, Philadelphia. miums at the State Fair at Utica, and at the Columbia and Rensselaer county Fairs, and a diploma at the Westchester County Fair. E Descriptive circulars sent free to all post-paid applications. See page 23 of this paper, for engraving, &ec. Price $40. anufactured by » W. O. HICKOK, . sr i Harrisburg, Pa. Sold by LONGETT & GRIFFING, 25 Cliff-st., N. Y. ~ ‘EMERY & CO., Albany. ae \ DANA BROTHERS, Utica. ie PROUTY & CHEW, Geneva. p " HIGGINS & CAL N S, Castile, Wyoming County. _C. E. YOUNG, Main-st., Buffalo. O. GREGORY, Binghamton. ~ , ' CHARLES ASHLEY, Ogdensburg. D. LANDRETHA, Philadelphia. July 14—w3m—m3t. | : Poudrette! pus LODI MANUFACTURING CO. have on hand a large quantity. of powly made and very superior quality of Poudrette, which they will sell at retail at their usual rices, $1.50 per bbl. for any quantity over seven bbls., de- ivered free of charge on board of vessel. ' Persons desirous of purchasing from 2 to 500 bbls. Poudrette for this fall’s use, or to lay up for early spring demand, will find it to their ad- vantage to communicate early with THE LODI MANU- FAC'TURING CO., No. 74 Cortland-st., New-York. July 28—w3m—m31. Atkins’ Self-Raking Reaper. § Stet machine is now offered to the public and warranted to be a good self-raking reaper. It is also believed to be a good mower, but not yet having been sufficiently tested in grass (though it soon will be) it is not warranted to be equal to a machine made mainly or wholly to mow. : The raking apparatus is of novel and very simple construc. tion, and not hable to derangement, and every farmer who has seen it in the harvest field, says it performs the raking better than a man can possibly do it.» By! oa Price of machines at Chicago, $175, of which $75 must be paid on giving the order, $50 upon successful trial, and $50 in note payable Ist December. The machines are most thoroughly built and warranted. (G> Descriptive circulars, with culs, seni to post-paid ap- plications. | J.S. WRIGHT. _ “Prairie Farmer’? Warehouse, Chicago. June, 1853 —25—w13.—m3t1. ' Timothy Seed. 3 BBLS. soon to arrive fresh from the field, and to be e unsurpassed in quality. The great pains -we take in procuring all our seeds, induces us to recommend them with the utmost confidence to our friends. For sale by MILLER & SHREVE, August 25, 1853— ‘ Louisville, Ky. | | dering it a desirable a any other house in the United States, for finish, material and | Patent Parallel Lever and Horizontal — fev is the proper season to use IL. ‘ 3 inches cali bre, (PL Garden or Fire Engine. | subscribers manufacture a Garden or Fire Engine, which for its power, capacity and usefulness cannot be surpassed. From the size of the Air Chamber, sufficient power is obtained to enable one man to throw asteady stream of water to the height of 50 feet perpendicularly, thereby ren- icle as a protection against fire, for washing windows of second and third stories of buildings, carriages, &c. With our newly invented Water Diffuser, as a Garden Engine it defies competition; the Diffuser is a per- | fect and simple article, (which we intend to get patented,) and its superiority over the Rose Sprinkler, is that it will throw four times the quantity of water a much greater dis- tance, and spread it perfectly even, with less power applied. N. B. A Garden Engine with a Diffuser of the above de- scription used in orchards and gardens, to throw soap-suds on the young trees, will destroy many kinds of vermin likely to— destroy the fruit, and be an invaluable addition to the imple- ments of the nurseryman and horticulturist. Extract from *‘ Moore’s Rural New-Yorker.” ““Cowing & Co. are largely e ed in the manufacture of Pumps, Garden Engines, &c. ‘They make a new style of brassbarreled Pumps worthy of attention; also, superior Well Force Pumps, for either spout or hose. They also furnish a fine article of letters for patterns, ma- chinists, &c. One of their Garden Engines which we saw in operation worked admirably, and was pronounced extra by the spectators.”’ ; Pracen (he | - COWING & CO., Mancfacturers of all kinds of Force and Lift Pumps for Wells and Cisterns, Seneca Falls, N. Y. . May 28, 1852.—22—13t. eed, Farmers, Attention! _ S$ AMER is truly valu- CAN FERTILIZER upon your farms, ‘Th able manure can be had at $25 per ton, or $3.50 per barrel, — of the proprietor: Try it. It is now on exhibition at the Crystal Paiace, New-York, and any amount of names can be given of its successful use. Also, Guano and Poudrette, Phosphate of Lime and Aqua Ammonia. ' Ls G. A. LEINAU, Aug. 18—m3t.. No. 19 South Front-st., Philadelphia. Albany Tile Works, Corner Patroon and Knox Streets, Albany, N. Y. Beet TILE -of the following descriptions and’ prices, suitable for land drainage, always on hand, in large or small quantities, of the first quality, delivered at the Docks: and Railroad Depots free of cartage. Horse Shoe Tile. 4} inch calibre, $18 per 1000 feet. 31 «6 “ $15 és 2 ‘79 ‘74 $12 (74 Sole Tile or Pipe. .. ; 18 per 1000 feet. ee $12 hed Horse Shoe Hand Tile, 8 inches calibre, for drains around dwellings, at $8 per 100 feet. Sole Tile, 4 inch calibre, for sink drains, at $4 per 100 feet—9 and 6 inch square, face Floor Tile, less than one-fourth the cost of marble, for basement floors and cellar pavements—9 and 6 inch square Bakers’ Tilepfor oven bottoms. Orders from a distance will receive prompt attention. : A. S, BABCOCK. . Albany, Ap.il 14, 1853—16—13t—c6m. -. Orchard Grass. | ie 3000 BUSHELS Orchard Grass, handsomely cleaned, . and for sale at the Western Agricultural Ware- M ER & SHREVE, Louisville, Ky. house of August 25, 1853—w3m Osier or Basket Willow. f apm subscriber will have for sale, to be delivered this fall or next spring, about 50,000 Willow Sprouts of the growth of ‘this season, suitable for propagation or for baskets. Each sprout will make from four:to five cuttings for planting. C. N. BEMENT, 341 Broadway, Albany. Aug 11—wlamdm. » s Landscape Gardening. M& MUNN begs to offer his services 10 gentlemen about building or altering their grounds. An extensive ac- quaintance with the Ornamental Grounds, Country Villas, and Cottage Residences of England, and: of this country, combined with an inexpensive systemof adapting the notural advantages of the situation to the purposes of pleasure’ grounds, have enabled Mr. M. to give satisfaction to nume- rous gentlemen to whom he can refer in New-York, Connec- ticut, Massachusetts and other States. Mt Sits Address Mr. MUNN, Box 3,292 Post Office, New-York, or at J. M. Thorburn & Co.’s Seed Store, 15 John- st., New- — York. New-York, July 14, 1853.—28—wtf. Railway Horse Powers, | ae one or two horses—Threshers, Separators and Clea- ~ners—Combined Threshers and Separators, all of the most approved plans, for sale at the STATE AGRICULTU- WARE HOUSE, No. 25 Cliff-st., New-York. uly 283—w2m—m3t, P \ ' Manures. ERUVIAN GUANG®, 2} to 2} cents per pound. ee fae E DUST, when takensin equal quantities, $2.25 er barrel. ‘ BONE SAWINGS, separately, $2.50 per barrel. PLASTER, $1 to $1.25 per barrel. ; POTASH, 3} to 4 cents per pound. CHARCOAL, $1 per barrel. SULPHURIC ACID. 2} to 23 cents per pound. SUPBERPHOSPHATE OF LIME, 2} cents per pound. WOOD'S RENOVATING SALTS, one cent per pound. For sale at the State Agricultural Warehouse, No. Cliff-street, New-York. LONGETT & GRIFFING. Feb. 1—etf. lished
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i oad et nt: : pss. Re Sige Me phe te sd , _ BY JOHN G. sAX®. ’ Uv - — — : An attorney was ‘taking a turn,’ — _ In shabby habiliments drest ; His coat was shockingly worn, — And the rust had invested his vest. His breeches had suffered a breech, His linen and worsted were worse; | ‘ _ He had scarce a whole crown in his hat, And not half-a-crown in his purse. And thus, as he wandered along, _ _._ A cheerless and comfortless elf, ' He sought for relief in a song, Or complain: talked to himself. - ees : 5 Tg : “) See : mtu tg +7 4 Most unfortunate man that I am, My only client is Grief ; The case is, I’ve no ‘case’ at all, Andi ss n brief, I have ne’er had a ‘ brief.’ | profession’s already so full wyers so full of profession, »modest young man like myself a ake the smallest impression. __ ne 7 efi acquainted with ‘ grants,’ ' Bn “Can devise a ‘devise,’ or a a plea, _ Can make a good deed in.‘ fee simple,’ But I can’t get the simplest ‘fee.’ *T’ve waited, and waited in vain, Expecting an ‘ opening’ to find, Where an honest young lawyer might gain - Seme reward for the toil of his mind.’ While thus he was wandering along, _ His eye accidently fell ; ~~ On & very deep hole in the ground, . And he sigh’d to himself, ‘It is well ? To curb his emotions, he sat On the curb-stone the space of a minute, Then cried, ‘ Here’s an opening at last!’ © And in less than a jiffy was in it. Next day twelve citizens came, § * The ‘coroner’s’ quest to attend ; To the end that it might be determined How the man had determined his end. ‘The man was a lawyer, it seems,’ Said the foreman, who ‘ opened’ of course, ‘A lawyer! alas! sigh’d another, r ‘He undoubtedly died of remorse !” A third said ‘he knew the deceas’d— An attorney, well versed in the laws ; And as to the cause of his death, _ "Twas no doubt for the want of ‘a cause.’ The ‘crowners’ at length gave a verdict, Which finally settled the matter ; ‘That the young man was drown-ded, because He could not keep his head above water.’ The Lost Ticket, or a Frenchman in a Stew. Tn, returning from a trip to the Lakes, a few days since, I witnessed a little affair that makes quite: an 4 item in my note-book, and may amuse your readers. After a weary drive, in a procession of twelve carria- ges, that moved solemnly for twelve hours over as many miles of beautiful on we pulled up in front of the “ National,” in Sprin; The Cireus and County Court kept that beautiful little town in a densely populated state, so much so, that the he sixty or seventy passengers that I counted as travel- ling companions, could not find beds to rest. their wea- _ry limbs upon, but were forced to take carpet-bags, trunks, juleps, until the cars for Cincinnati would give us more comfortable quarters. Among the rest, a lit- tle Frenchman, whose baggage consisted of a queerly shaped hat-box and a faded silk umbrella, moved restlessly about with the box in one hand and the umbrella in the other, pouring forth an uninterrupted stream of ha, sha English, in a way suffi- ciently ludicrous to amuse two crowds. little garlic worshipper discovered, to his utter dis- may, that he had lost his ticket, purchased at Buffalo, and warranted to carry him through to the Henrie House in Cincinnati. Herb was a predicament! and iW the consternation of the moment he dropped both hat-box und umbrella, aud vociferated loudly, and in razor-grindirg tones for the stage agent. “Vere is de stage agent?—Vere I shall find de agent? Oh mon Dieu—my gar—I-have pay one— two—four—several—great + dollaires for von teek- ets vich I have no got. Who have peek up teek- ets—who have es sors is de agent ?”’ It so happened that Mr. L——, the gentlemanly stage manager, and out-door business man of the Cin- eld, at about 9 P. mM. Suddenly the’ q THE C0 , | person to apply to for a remedy.” s) ; UNT cinnati theatres, was one of our passengers, and at the time of Monsieur La Frog’s deepest distress was standing in the moonlight in front of the Circus, talk- ing to a number of friends, when some mischievous wag pointed him out to the little Frenchman, as the stage agent. In a moment he was by the side of L-—, and breaking in upon the conversation without any ceremony. exclaimed, ‘“‘Sare, I have loose my passport—I have lose my—vat you call him? eh! ah, yes—I have got him. No, no, I no mean I have got de ting—I mean I have: got de name of de ting, I have lost my teekets.” o ; is Lal dl posing he meant a circus ticket, quietly said—. ‘‘T am not connected with the circus, sir.’ “Sars-cus! vat do I eare about de sare-cus—I no vant de sare-cuss ; I vant my teeket vich I have lose.” “T am sorry for your loss, sir, but I am not the “You are not the za pairsune to make de remedie ? | Sare! are you not connect wiz de stage 2’ ‘Yes, sir, I am connected with the stage, and if I. was in Cincinnati, would with pleasure replace your lost ticket, but I have Rot the power 0 do so here.” Vat do Ido viz de teekets in Cinceiiz y sa ¥ ay dees place vere I have loose him—if I no get de teek et here I shall nevaire get to Cincenatt—I shall bring nine, four, several gentleman, vich will prove zat L have zhump out of my pocketts.”’ “ Never mind, sir, kindly responded L——, glad to get rid of his tormentor on any terms; ‘I will replace your ticket.” So saying, he stepped up to one of the attaches of the eireus, procured a ticket, and handed it square piece of pa posing all right, ° gathered up his * oard, marked “ Bax,” and sup- ‘box and umbrella, and reach- ing the hotel, was fortunate enough to find six feet. of the parlor floorun ed. Stretching himself out at full length, he was soon ih the land of dreams, where no doubt his soul revellod ‘and floundered in whole seas of frog soup. In the morning, soon after breakfast, we were all | comfortably seated in the cars, and tearing along at a break-neck speed. Frenchy sat close to me, and jab- bered incessantly. Shortly after, the conductor enter- ed, with the usual salutation of “ Tickets, gentlemen.” Our lit ticket he it to the conductor. “This is not the right ticket, sir.” “He ees no de right ticket? yes saire, he is de right ticket ; I have self.” “That don’t. alter the matter, sir. I tell you that ain’t the proper ticket. It don’t belong here—it. be- longs to the circus. _ “Ha! dere ees dat sarecuss come once more. vat have I got to do wiz de sarecuss ?”’ yi “I know nothing about your connections. sir ; I only get him from de stage agent, my- Now | know that that ain’t the right ticket, and if you don’t produce the proper document before we reach town, you'll have to pay your fare.” «° He was just about to assassinate when a benevolent individual, who, sat next to him, explained, as ay as he could, the true nature of the English in reply, case. ‘This only had the effect of changing the current of his rage, | he chafed up and down the floor, showering invectives upon the devoted head of the agent, who had given him the ticket the night before. * Ah * gar, I have now see—I i been sheat—I call de hum-bug - but nevaire mind, I gall return yes- terday—to-morrow—sometime, and shastise the rascal vera much, great’ deal, several time.” . S beers While ‘laying this flattering consolation to his wounded soul, his eye happened to rest upon poor L—— who sat quietly at the far end of the car—and recognizing him as the stage agent of the night before, he at once ‘‘ opened on him.” » . ‘‘Sare, you are vera great scoundrel, and 1 sall give you five cent to black .my boot.’’ ** What’s that, sir?” | _“JT say you are von rascal—von leetaile puppy-dog viz out de tail—you have peeked my pockette—you have sheat a me—you have no geeve me Ze teekets vich I have pay for—you have no geeve me ze teek- etts I have loose—but you have geeve me von teeketts to de Opera la Cheval—vot you call de horse opera— de sarecuss”” > Sir,” said L——, rising from his seat in evident indignation, “what do you mean? How dare you apply the word pickpocket to me ?” Bea “‘Sare, I sall soon show you vat I have mean—I mean to flog a you—I mean to shastise a you, vera much,” and suiting the action to the word, he pitched into his antagonist, and before bystanders could sepa- rate them, had badly dislocated poor L——’s shirt collar, and drawn a copious flood of claret from his nose. By dint of persuasion and force combined, how- | t of the car, sur- akers, who, after ever, be was finally seated in fr rounded by a number of peace: . L——, who knew nothing of the circumstances, sup- - iatt-—I no vant dee teekett in Cincenatt—I vant de te re—in have pay for my teeket vich I have no got, but vich to the excited Frenchman. Poor Frenchy took the | ly in his pocket-book— RY GENTLEMAN. We | : il much difficulty, succeeded in convincing hin whole affair originated in a mistake. He the to be conducted to L——, saturating the third handkerchief, in a vain attempt to stop the red current that still persisted in oozing | a from his victim’s nose. 1 hat. the “Sare, I have see I have make von leetaile, small, great big mistake. I am very sorry for him. On my honaire, sair, if I have known him before, I sall not Dav agoreor your nos@z but Tam ready to make de apologize—-to make amende, and for every drop of claret which [ have.draw from your nose, I sall wis | plaisaire, put one bottle in your. bellie.” Here the loud mirth of the by-standers restored _L— to his good humor, and joining in the laughter, tle fiendippened his pocket-hook, took out the |. ve night before, and presented | have been swindaile—I have been vat you |' vacuum of he he shook hands with his antagonist, and they were fiiends.— Cincinnati Signal. — —o BacnwEtortsm Unnaturat.—Men may say what they will, but we know that there can never be a par- adise without some daughter of Eve within it; and home is only a place to eat and drink, and sit and sleep in, without the hallowing charms of a woman’s presence. Men may say what they will about the jo- | vial freedom of their Liberty Halls, but many a wea- ty, Joyless hour passes within them; many a discon- ed, peer ieb snarling feeling is experienced, many a rt and thought, many a comfortless rai- ny day, many a long winter evening, when the ticking of the clock is the only sound, and that does but echo like the knell of departed, moments that might have been joyous if spent in cheerful cOmpanionship.. And then, for the lonely old bachelor to come into his dwelling wet and weary, without a creature to we]- come him with either a word or a smile, or a single gleam of pleasure, to brighten the place; nobody to consult his taste and his comfort, nobody to prattle to him, to tell him the gossip of the neighborhood, and to link his sympathies and his interests with surrounding people; nobody to nurse him if he be sick, to console him if he be sorrowful; and then, as time creeps on and age overtakes him, to hear no joyful prattier near him, no dimple-smiling girls, no stalwart hopeful boys, in whose youth and enjoyment he might be young and happy again; and at least to leave none behind to la- ment him—heigho! Nature will not suffer her laws to be violated with rere g and nature never de- signed that men should be old bachelors. . fe os o Wy; WL OC orn. . ie : de ie Ls & al . ‘ omy ican | >) e part affection ant ningiae parts gold. . , : / Ratuer Birrer.—A bachelor’s reply to a young lady, who significantly sent him, as a present, some — wormwood ; I’m glad your gift is not a-miss, ' Much worse might me befall; _ The wormwood’s bad alone, but worse. the The wormwood and the gal(l.) {SPA gentleman having presented his Church with “the ten Commandments,” it was wittily said “a he gave them away because be could not keep them. . wanes THE COUNTRY GENTLEMAN. | 18 PUBLISHED EVERY THURSDAY, , By LUTHER TUCKER, Proprietor, At 395 Broadway, Albany, N.Y. , LUTHER TUCKER anv JOHN J. THOMAS, Epirors. 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The price hereafter will be as follows: : _ Single copies, Fifty Cents—Eight copigs $3—any larger number at the same rate, ( bi eae All subseriptions must commence with the January No., aid the payments must in all cases accompany the order for the paper. . . . LUTHER TUCKER "Publisher, Albany, N. Y. Postmasters and all friends of agricultural improvement, are respectfully invited to. act as agents for Tue CuLTivaToR _ and Tux Country GENTLEMAN. who was busily engaged’in ©