3.3: References

Akers, R.L., & Sellers, C.S. (2013). Criminological theories: Introduction, evaluation, and application. New York: Oxford

Burke, A., Carter, D., Fedorek, B. Morey, T., Rutz-Burri, L. and Sanchez, S. (2019). Introduction to the American Criminal Justice System. Open Textbook UMN. Retrieved from https://open.umn.edu/opentextbooks/textbooks/introduction-to-the-american-criminal-justice-system

Cooper, J., Walsh, A., & Ellis, L. (2010). Is criminology ripe for a paradigm shift? Evidence from a survey of American criminologists. Journal of Criminal Justice Education, 2, 332-347

Gibbs, J.P. (1990). The notion of theory in sociology. National Journal of Sociology, 4, 129-159

Hamann, B., Chauvin, C., Scott, F., Holcomb, M., Simek, P. (2024). Introduction to Criminal Justice. Louis Pressbooks. Retrieved from https://louis.pressbooks.pub/criminaljustice/

Hassan, S. and Lett, D. (2023). Introduction to Criminology. KPU Pressbooks. Retrieved from https://kpu.pressbooks.pub/introcrim/

Hassan, S., Surrey, D., Ballantyne, L. (2023). Introduction to Criminology. Open Textbook UMN. Retrieved from https://open.umn.edu/opentextbooks/textbooks/1327

Paternoster, R., & Bachman, R. (Eds.) (2001). Explaining criminals and crime: Essays in contemporary criminological theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Peterson, J. and VanderPyl, T. (n.d.) Introduction to Criminology: An Equity Lens. OpenOregon Educational Resources Pressbooks. Retrieved from https://openoregon.pressbooks.pub/criminologyintro1e/

Popper, K.R. (1965). Conjectures and refutations: The growth of scientific knowledge. New York: Harper Torchbooks

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (May 24, 2024). About Criminal and Juvenile Justice. Retrieved on 8/25/2025 from https://www.samhsa.gov/communities/criminal-juvenile-justice/about#:~:text=It%20is%20estimated%20that%2018%25%20of%20the,and%2037%25%20of%20those%20in%20prison%20

Sutherland, E.H. (1934). Principles of criminology (2nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott

Vilardo, P. and Wepprecht, M. (n.d.). Introduction to Sociology: Understanding and Changing the Social World. Retrieved from https://pressbooks.howardcc.edu/soci101/

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