14.1.1: Symbols and Their Meanings — Read

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Table B2 Symbols and their Meanings
Chapter (1st used)	Symbol	Spoken	Meaning
Sampling and Data	\(\sqrt{ } \)	The square root of	same
Sampling and Data	\(\pi\)	Pi	3.14159… (a specific number)
Descriptive Statistics	\(Q_1\)	Quartile one	the first quartile
Descriptive Statistics	\(Q_2\)	Quartile two	the second quartile
Descriptive Statistics	\(Q_3\)	Quartile three	the third quartile
Descriptive Statistics	\(IQR\)	interquartile range	\(Q_3 – Q_1 = IQR\)
Descriptive Statistics	\(\overline X\)	\(x\)-bar	sample mean
Descriptive Statistics	\(\mu\)	mu	population mean
Descriptive Statistics	\(s\)	s	sample standard deviation
Descriptive Statistics	\(s^2\)	\(s\) squared	sample variance
Descriptive Statistics	\(\sigma\)	sigma	population standard deviation
Descriptive Statistics	\(\sigma^2\)	sigma squared	population variance
Descriptive Statistics	\(\Sigma\)	capital sigma	sum
Probability Topics	\(\{ \}\)	brackets	set notation
Probability Topics	\(S\)	S	sample space
Probability Topics	\(A\)	Event A	event A
Probability Topics	\(P(A)\)	probability of A	probability of A occurring
Probability Topics	\(P(A\|B)\)	probability of A given B	prob. of A occurring given B has occurred
Probability Topics	\(P(A\cup B)\)	prob. of A or B	prob. of A or B or both occurring
Probability Topics	\(P(A\cap B)\)	prob. of A and B	prob. of both A and B occurring (same time)
Probability Topics	\(A^{\prime}\)	A-prime, complement of A	complement of A, not A
Probability Topics	\(P(A^{\prime})\)	prob. of complement of A	same
Probability Topics	\(G_1\)	green on first pick	same
Probability Topics	\(P(G_1)\)	prob. of green on first pick	same
Discrete Random Variables	\(PDF\)	prob. density function	same
Discrete Random Variables	\(X\)	X	the random variable X
Discrete Random Variables	\(X \sim\)	the distribution of X	same
Discrete Random Variables	\(\geq\)	greater than or equal to	same
Discrete Random Variables	\(\leq\)	less than or equal to	same
Discrete Random Variables	\(=\)	equal to	same
Discrete Random Variables	\(\neq\)	not equal to	same
Continuous Random Variables	\(f(x)\)	f of x	function of x
Continuous Random Variables	\(pdf\)	prob. density function	same
Continuous Random Variables	\(U\)	uniform distribution	same
Continuous Random Variables	\(Exp\)	exponential distribution	same
Continuous Random Variables	\(f(x) =\)	f of \(X\) equals	same
Continuous Random Variables	\(m\)	m	decay rate (for exp. dist.)
The Normal Distribution	\(N\)	normal distribution	same
The Normal Distribution	\(z\)	z-score	same
The Normal Distribution	\(Z\)	standard normal dist.	same
The Central Limit Theorem	\(\overline X\)	X-bar	the random variable X-bar
The Central Limit Theorem	\(\mu_{\overline{x}}\)	mean of X-bars	the average of X-bars
The Central Limit Theorem	\(\sigma_{\overline{x}}\)	standard deviation of X-bars	same
Confidence Intervals	\(CL\)	confidence level	same
Confidence Intervals	\(CI\)	confidence interval	same
Confidence Intervals	\(EBM\)	error bound for a mean	same
Confidence Intervals	\(EBP\)	error bound for a proportion	same
Confidence Intervals	\(t\)	Student's t-distribution	same
Confidence Intervals	\(df\)	degrees of freedom	same
Confidence Intervals	\(t_{\frac{\alpha}{2}}\)	student t with α/2 area in right tail	same
Confidence Intervals	\(p^{\prime}\)	p-prime	sample proportion of success
Confidence Intervals	\(q^{\prime}\)	q-prime	sample proportion of failure
Hypothesis Testing	\(H_0\)	H-naught, H-sub 0	null hypothesis
Hypothesis Testing	\(H_a\)	H-a, H-sub a	alternate hypothesis
Hypothesis Testing	\(H_1\)	H-1, H-sub 1	alternate hypothesis
Hypothesis Testing	\(\alpha\)	alpha	probability of Type I error
Hypothesis Testing	\(\beta\)	beta	probability of Type II error
Hypothesis Testing	\(\overline{X 1}-\overline{X 2}\)	X1-bar minus X2-bar	difference in sample means
Hypothesis Testing	\(\mu_{1}-\mu_{2}\)	mu-1 minus mu-2	difference in population means
Hypothesis Testing	\(P_{1}^{\prime}-P_{2}^{\prime}\)	P1-prime minus P2-prime	difference in sample proportions
Hypothesis Testing	\(p_{1}-p_{2}\)	p1 minus p2	difference in population proportions
Chi-Square Distribution	\(X^2\)	Ky-square	Chi-square
Chi-Square Distribution	\(O\)	Observed	Observed frequency
Chi-Square Distribution	\(E\)	Expected	Expected frequency
Linear Regression and Correlation	\(y = a + bx\)	y equals a plus b-x	equation of a straight line
Linear Regression and Correlation	\(\hat y\)	y-hat	estimated value of y
Linear Regression and Correlation	\(r\)	sample correlation coefficient	same
Linear Regression and Correlation	\(\varepsilon\)	error term for a regression line	same
Linear Regression and Correlation	\(SSE\)	Sum of Squared Errors	same
F-Distribution and ANOVA	\(F\)	F-ratio	F-ratio

14.1.1: Symbols and Their Meanings is shared under a not declared license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts.

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