Review Questions

1.

The body’s biological clock is located in the ________.

1. hippocampus
2. thalamus
3. hypothalamus
4. pituitary gland

2.

________ occurs when there is a chronic deficiency in sleep.

1. jet lag
2. rotating shift work
3. circadian rhythm
4. sleep debt

3.

________ cycles occur roughly once every 24 hours.

1. biological
2. circadian
3. rotating
4. conscious

4.

________ is one way in which people can help reset their biological clocks.

1. Light-dark exposure
2. coffee consumption
3. alcohol consumption
4. napping

5.

Growth hormone is secreted by the ________ while we sleep.

1. pineal gland
2. thyroid
3. pituitary gland
4. pancreas

6.

The ________ plays a role in controlling slow-wave sleep.

1. hypothalamus
2. thalamus
3. pons
4. both a and b

7.

________ is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland that plays a role in regulating biological rhythms and immune function.

1. growth hormone
2. melatonin
3. LH
4. FSH

8.

________ appears to be especially important for enhanced performance on recently learned tasks.

1. melatonin
2. slow-wave sleep
3. sleep deprivation
4. growth hormone

9.

________ is(are) described as slow-wave sleep.

1. stage 1
2. stage 2
3. stage 3 and stage 4
4. REM sleep

10.

Sleep spindles and K-complexes are most often associated with ________ sleep.

1. stage 1
2. stage 2
3. stage 3 and stage 4
4. REM

11.

Symptoms of ________ may be improved by REM deprivation.

1. schizophrenia
2. Parkinson’s disease
3. depression
4. generalized anxiety disorder

12.

The ________ content of a dream refers to the true meaning of the dream.

1. latent
2. manifest
3. collective unconscious
4. important

13.

________ is loss of muscle tone or control that is often associated with narcolepsy.

1. RBD
2. CPAP
3. cataplexy
4. insomnia

14.

An individual may suffer from ________ if there is a disruption in the brain signals that are sent to the muscles that regulate breathing.

1. central sleep apnea
2. obstructive sleep apnea
3. narcolepsy
4. SIDS

15.

The most common treatment for ________ involves the use of amphetamine-like medications.

1. sleep apnea
2. RBD
3. SIDS
4. narcolepsy

16.

________ is another word for sleepwalking.

1. insomnia
2. somnambulism
3. cataplexy
4. narcolepsy

17.

________ occurs when a drug user requires more and more of a given drug in order to experience the same effects of the drug.

1. withdrawal
2. psychological dependence
3. tolerance
4. reuptake

18.

Cocaine blocks the reuptake of ________.

1. GABA
2. glutamate
3. acetylcholine
4. dopamine

19.

________ refers to drug craving.

1. psychological dependence
2. antagonism
3. agonism
4. physical dependence

20.

LSD affects ________ neurotransmission.

1. dopamine
2. serotonin
3. acetylcholine
4. norepinephrine

21.

________ is most effective in individuals that are very open to the power of suggestion.

1. hypnosis
2. meditation
3. mindful awareness
4. cognitive therapy

22.

________ has its roots in religious practice.

1. hypnosis
2. meditation
3. cognitive therapy
4. behavioral therapy

23.

Meditation may be helpful in ________.

1. pain management
2. stress control
3. treating the flu
4. both a and b

24.

Research suggests that cognitive processes, such as learning, may be affected by ________.

1. hypnosis
2. meditation
3. mindful awareness
4. progressive relaxation

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