8.7: Securitization and Political Use of War

Securitization and Politics

Securitization theory explores how political actors frame certain issues as existential threats, which then justifies extraordinary measures, including war. After the 9/11 attacks, the U.S. government securitized the issue of global terrorism, framing it as an urgent, existential threat that required immediate and decisive action. This securitization led to the invasion of Afghanistan and later Iraq, framing these conflicts as essential for protecting national security. By framing certain issues as existential threats, governments can bypass normal political processes and justify extreme actions. During the Cold War, the U.S. and the Soviet Union both securitized the ideological conflict between capitalism and communism, leading to proxy wars around the globe, including the Vietnam War. The securitization of issues often results in long-term military engagements, expanded surveillance, and restrictions on civil liberties. For instance, the U.S. Patriot Act, passed after 9/11, expanded government surveillance powers, raising concerns about individual rights.