In this chapter we covered,
- The development of self-concept and self-esteem.
- Erikson’s psychosocial stage of initiative versus guilt.
- Gender identity, gender constancy, gender roles, and gender dysphoria.
- Family life, including parenting styles, diverse forms of families, using child care, and the role of siblings.
- The role of peers.
- The types of play.
- The social understanding of preschoolers.
- Personality development
- Social and emotional competences.
- The effects of stress on children, including maltreatment.
In the next chapter we begin exploring middle childhood and how children from 6 to 11 grow and develop.