Opening the book…
1 Alex Nogales, interviewed by Allison Perlman, July 10, 2013, offices of National Hispanic Media Coalition, Pasadena, CA.
2 Philip Napoli makes this very point in his wide-ranging overview of media advocacy scholarship. See Philip Napoli, “Public Interest Media Advocacy and Activism as a Social Movement,” Communication Yearbook 33 (2009): 394–401.
3 Hortense Powdermaker, Hollywood: The Dream Factory (New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1950); Leo Rosten, Hollywood: The Movie Colony, the Movie Makers (New York: Harcourt Brace, 1941); Thomas Schatz, The Genius of the System: Hollywood Filmmaking in the Studio Era (New York: Pantheon Books, 1988); Todd Gitlin, Inside Prime Time (New York: Pantheon Books, 1983); Horace Newcomb and Robert S. Alley, The Producer’s Medium: Conversations with Creators of American TV (New York: Oxford University Press, 1983).
4 John Caldwell, Production Culture: Industrial Reflexivity and Critical Practice in Film and Television (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2008).
5 Vicki Mayer, Below the Line: Producers and Production Studies in the New Television Economy (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2011).
6 Seeta Peña Gangadharan, “Public Participation and Agency Discretion in Rulemaking at the Federal Communications Commission,” Journal of Communication Inquiry 33 (2009): 337–353.
7 Becky Lentz and Allison Perlman, “Media Advocacy Practice Produces Media Policy Literacy,” presentation at the International Communication Association Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington, May 25, 2014.
8 The NHMC, for example, in 1988 filed four petitions against stations in Los Angeles, and in 1989 went after WNET in New York for low levels of Latino employment. See Victor Valle, “Latino Group Challenges TV Licenses,” Los Angeles Times, November 2, 1988, 1; Victor Valle, “Latino Coalition’s Bid For KTTV: Full Assault, Long Odds,” Los Angeles Times, November 10, 1988, H1, H13; Victor Valle, “Latinas/os Claim Job Bias at KCBS,” Los Angeles Times, December 31, 1986, J1, J2; “NHMC Signs Landmark Agreement with KABC-TV,” press release, November 11, 1993, Box 7, Folder 1, Papers of the National Hispanic Media Coalition, University of California, Los Angeles (hereafter NHMC Papers).
9 For documents relating to the Disney boycott, see Box 33, Folders 1–2, NHMC; for a discussion of the struggles of Spanish language broadcasting, see Allison Perlman, Public Interests: Media Advocacy and the Struggles over U.S. Television (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, forthcoming), chapter 6.
10 Notice of Appeal, NHMC v. FCC, filed October 20, 1992; Notion of Intention to Intervene, NHMC v. FCC, filed November 5, 1992, Box 32, Folder 2; Settlement Agreement, Entered into Between National Hispanic Media Coalition and the Univision Television Group, Inc., May 20, 1994; Letter from Enrique Baray to Armando Durón, October 18, 1995, Box 31, Folder 3, NHMC Papers.
11 Jessica Gonzalez, interviewed by Allison Perlman, April 17, 2014, offices of National Hispanic Media Coalition, Pasadena, CA.
12 Interview with Nogales; Electronic Filing, Correction to Ex Parte Presentation Letters, filed by Jessica Gonzalez, September 21, 2010, http://apps.fcc.gov/ecfs/comment/view?id=6016055968. See the letter to Genachowski outlining the terms of the MOU, http://apps.fcc.gov/ecfs/comment/view?id=6015694189.
13 Greg Braxton, “A White, White World on TV’s Fall Schedule,” Los Angeles Times, May 28, 1999, 1.
14 Interview with Nogales; Greg Braxton, “Groups Join to Protest Exclusion, Television: Coalition Forms in Response to the Absence of Minorities on New Shows in Prime Time This Fall,” Los Angeles Times, June 25, 1999, 1; Paul Bernstein and Michael Schneider, “NAACP, NBC Reach Pact,” Daily Variety, January 6, 2000, 1; Lisa de Moraes, “TV Networks Adding Some Color For Fall: New Minority Roles Receive Little Applause,” Washington Post, May 21, 2000, A01.
15 Interview with Nogales.
16 Letter to Chairman Genachowski from Benjamin Todd Jealous, Marc H. Morial, and Rev. Al Sharpton, December 16, 2010, http://apps.fcc.gov/ecfs/comment/view?id=6016064629; Letter to Chairman Genachowski from Karen K. Narasaki, December 15, 2010, http://apps.fcc.gov/ecfs/comment/view?id=6016064415.
17 Josh Silver, “Comcastrophe: Comcast/NBC Merger Approved,” Huffington Post, January 18, 2011, www.huffingtonpost.com/josh-silver/comcastrophy-comcastnbc-m_b_810380.html.
18 Erwin G. Krasnow, Lawrence D. Longley, and Herbert A. Terry, The Politics of Broadcast Regulation (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1982), 57–58.
19 See Kathryn C. Montgomery, “Special Interest Citizen Groups and the Networks: A Case Study of Pressure and Access,” in Telecommunications Policy Handbook, ed. Jorge Reina Schement, Felix Gutierrez, and Marvin A. Sirbu, Jr. (New York: Praeger, 1982), 241–254.
20 Interview with Gonzalez.
21 Donald Guimary, Citizens’ Groups and Broadcasting (New York: Praeger, 1975), 125–126.
22 Jefferson Pooley, “From Psychological Warfare to Social Justice: Shifts in Foundation Support for Communication Research,” in Media and Social Justice, ed. Sue Curry Jansen, Jefferson Pooley, and Lora Taub-Pervizpour (New York: Palgrave-MacMillan, 2011), 211–240.
23 Interview with Gonzalez.
24 Ibid.
25 Ibid.
26 Juan González and Joseph Torres, News for All the People: The Epic Story of Race and the American Media (London: Verso, 2012), 371.
27 Ibid., 372–376.
28 Jason McLure, “Civil Rights Group’s FCC Positions Reflect Industry Funding, Critics Say,” Center for Public Integrity, June 6, 2013, www.publicintegrity.org/2013/06/06/12769/civil-rights-groups-fcc-positions-reflect-industry-funding-critics-say.
29 Prometheus Radio Project v. FCC, 373 F.3d 372 (2004).
30 Prometheus Radio Project v. FCC, 652 F.3d 431 (2011).
31 James Rucker, “Net Neutrality, Civil Rights, and Big Telecom Dollars,” Huffington Post, September 10, 2014, www.huffingtonpost.com/james-rucker/net-neutrality-civil-rights-orgs_b_5796944.html.
32 “David Honig Pushes Back against the ‘Digital Activists,” Field Negro, July 30, 2014, http://field-negro.blogspot.com/2014...l#.VBD1i1ZnylK.
33 McLure, “Civil Rights Group’s FCC Positions Reflect Industry Funding.”
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