Human Anatomy

by Whitney Menefee, Julie Jenks, Chiara Mazzasette, & Kim-Leiloni Nguyen

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The purpose of this textbook is to serve as a resource for students who are taking a first semester human anatomy course. All efforts were made to ensure the material covered in this resource is consistent, accurate, and accessible. This material was also designed to be equitable, diverse, and inclusive. (Thumbnail Image credit: "Anatomy head - semi profile - close-up of mouth area" by Medical Graphics is licensed under CC BY-ND 4.0)

Description from LibreTexts.

Publisher
Reedley College, Butte College, Pasadena City College, & Mt. San Antonio College
Subjects
Medicine, Anatomy and Physiology
Licence
CC BY 4.0, as LibreTexts states it
Who can read
Teens profiles and older, judged from its title and subjects

Contents

LibreTexts writes equations in TeX, and here they show as TeX; the PDF has them typeset.

  1. Front Matter
  2. TitlePage
  3. InfoPage
  4. ProgramPage
  5. Table of Contents
  6. Licensing
  7. Preface and Acknowledgements
  8. About the Authors
  9. 1: An Introduction to the Human Body
  10. 1.1: Introduction to the Human Body
  11. 1.2: Overview of Anatomy and Physiology
  12. 1.3: Structural Organization of the Human Body
  13. 1.4: Functions of Human Life
  14. 1.5: Homeostasis
  15. 1.6: Anatomical Terminology
  16. 1.7: Medical Imaging
  17. 2: Cellular Level of Organization
  18. 2.1: Introduction to the Cellular Level of Organization
  19. 2.2: The Cell Membrane
  20. 2.3: The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles
  21. 2.4: The Nucleus
  22. 2.5: Cell Growth and Division
  23. 2.6: Cellular Differentiation
  24. 3: Tissue Level of Organization
  25. 3.1: Introduction to the Tissue Level of Organization
  26. 3.2: Types of Tissues
  27. 3.3: Epithelial Tissue
  28. 3.4: Connective Tissue
  29. 3.5: Muscle Tissue
  30. 3.6: Nervous Tissue
  31. 3.7: Tissue Injury and Aging
  32. 4: Integumentary System
  33. 4.1: Introduction to the Integumentary System
  34. 4.2: Layers of the Skin
  35. 4.3: Accessory Structures of the Skin
  36. 4.4: Functions of the Integumentary System
  37. 4.5: Diseases, Disorders, and Injuries of the Integumentary System
  38. 5: Bone Tissue and Skeletal System
  39. 5.1: Introduction to Bone Tissue and the Skeletal System
  40. 5.2: Functions of the Skeletal System
  41. 5.3: Bone Structure
  42. 5.4: Bone Formation and Development
  43. 5.5: Fractures - Bone Repair
  44. 5.6: Exercise, Nutrition, Hormones, and Bone Tissue
  45. 5.7: Bone Classification
  46. 6: Axial Skeleton
  47. 6.1: Introduction to the Skeleton System
  48. 6.2: Divisions of the Skeletal System
  49. 6.3: The Skull
  50. 6.4: The Vertebral Column
  51. 6.5: The Thoracic Cage
  52. 6.6: Embryonic Development of the Axial Skeleton
  53. 7: Appendicular Skeleton
  54. 7.1: Introduction to the Appendicular Skeleton
  55. 7.2: The Pectoral Girdle
  56. 7.3: Bones of the Upper Limb
  57. 7.4: The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
  58. 7.5: Bones of the Lower Limb
  59. 7.6: Embryonic Development of the Appendicular Skeleton
  60. 8: Joints
  61. 8.1: Introduction
  62. 8.2: Classification of Joints
  63. 8.3: Fibrous Joints
  64. 8.4: Cartilaginous Joints
  65. 8.5: Synovial Joints
  66. 8.6: Types of Body Movements
  67. 8.7: Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
  68. 8.8: Development of Joints
  69. 9: Skeletal Muscle Tissue
  70. 9.1: Introduction to Muscle Tissue
  71. 9.2: Overview of Muscle Tissues
  72. 9.3: Skeletal Muscle
  73. 9.4: Muscle Fiber Contraction and Relaxation
  74. 9.5: Types of Muscle Fibers
  75. 9.6: Development and Regeneration of Muscle Tissue
  76. 10: Muscular System
  77. 10.1: Introduction to the Muscular System
  78. 10.2: Interactions of Skeletal Muscles, Their Fascicle Arrangement, and Their Lever Systems
  79. 10.3: Naming Skeletal Muscle
  80. 10.4: Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
  81. 10.5: Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall and Thorax
  82. 10.6: Appendicular Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
  83. 10.7: Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
  84. 11: Nervous System and Nervous Tissue
  85. 11.1: Introduction to the Nervous System
  86. 11.2: Organization and Functions of the Nervous System
  87. 11.3: Anatomy of Nervous Tissue
  88. 11.4: Neuronal Communication
  89. 11.5: Development of the Nervous System
  90. 12: Central and Peripheral Nervous System
  91. 12.1: Introduction to the Central and Peripheral Nervous System
  92. 12.2: Support and Protection of the Brain
  93. 12.3: Brain- Cerebrum
  94. 12.4: Brain- Diencephalon, Brainstem, Cerebellum and Limbic System
  95. 12.5: Cranial Nerves
  96. 12.6: Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
  97. 13: Somatic Senses, Integration and Motor Responses
  98. 13.1: Introduction to the Somatic Nervous System
  99. 13.2: Touch, Taste and Smell
  100. 13.3: Hearing, Balance and Vision
  101. 13.4: Integration of Somatic Functions
  102. 13.5: Somatic Motor Responses
  103. 14: Autonomic Nervous System
  104. 14.1: Introduction to the Autonomic Nervous System
  105. 14.2: Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
  106. 14.3: Autonomic Synapses, Effects and Reflexes
  107. 14.4: Central Control Autonomic Function
  108. 15: Endocrine System
  109. 15.1: Introduction to the Endocrine System
  110. 15.2: An Overview of the Endocrine System
  111. 15.3: Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus
  112. 15.4: Thyroid Gland
  113. 15.5: Parathyroid Glands
  114. 15.6: Adrenal Glands
  115. 15.7: Pineal Gland
  116. 15.8: Gonadal and Placental Hormones
  117. 15.9: Endocrine Pancreas
  118. 15.10: Organs with Secondary Endocrine Functions
  119. 15.11: Development and Aging of the Endocrine System
  120. 16: Cardiovascular System - Blood
  121. 16.1: Introduction to Blood
  122. 16.2: An Overview of Blood
  123. 16.3: Erythrocytes
  124. 16.4: Leukocytes and Platelets
  125. 16.5: Production of the Formed Elements
  126. 16.6: Blood Typing
  127. 17: Cardiovascular System - Heart
  128. 17.1: Introduction to the Heart
  129. 17.2: Heart Anatomy
  130. 17.3: Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity
  131. 17.4: Coronary Circulation
  132. 17.5: Development of the Heart
  133. 18: Cardiovascular System - Blood Vessels and Circulation
  134. 18.1: Introduction to Blood Vessels and Circulation
  135. 18.2: Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
  136. 18.3: Circulatory Pathways
  137. 18.4: Development of Blood Vessels and Fetal Circulation
  138. 19: Lymphatic and Immune System
  139. 19.1: Introduction to the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
  140. 19.2: Functions of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
  141. 19.3: Anatomy of Lymphatic Vessels
  142. 19.4: Anatomy of Lymphatic Organs and Tissues
  143. 20: Respiratory System
  144. 20.1: Introduction to the Respiratory System
  145. 20.2: Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
  146. 20.3: The Lungs
  147. 20.4: The Processes of the Respiratory System
  148. 20.5: Embryonic Development of the Respiratory System
  149. 21: Digestive System
  150. 21.1: Introduction to the Digestive System
  151. 21.2: Organs of the Digestive System
  152. 21.3: Digestive System Processes and Regulation
  153. 21.4: Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
  154. 21.5: Stomach
  155. 21.6: Small and Large Intestines
  156. 21.7: Accessory Organs in Digestion- Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder
  157. 22: Urinary System
  158. 22.1: Introduction to the Urinary System
  159. 22.2: Overview of the Kidney
  160. 22.3: Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney
  161. 22.4: Urinary Tract
  162. 23: Reproductive System
  163. 23.1: Introduction to the Reproductive System
  164. 23.2: Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System
  165. 23.3: Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System
  166. 23.4: Development of the Male and Female Reproductive Systems
  167. Back Matter
  168. Index
  169. Glossary
  170. Detailed Licensing