4: Predicate logic — Read — Invisible Network

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4.1: Predicates and Quantifers
We often let variables represent arbitrary mathematical objects. However, as we have seen, object variables or free variables (as opposed to statement variables) lead to problems in logic.
4.2: Manipulating quantified statements
Negating quantified statements in English can be tricky, but we will establish rules that make it easy in symbolic logic.
4.3: Vacuously true statements
We have to be careful with quantified predicates because it is (seemingly) possible to violate the Law of Contradiction (see Basic Tautology 4 in Example 1.4.1).
4.4: Activities
4.5: Exercises

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