Introduction to Fluid Motions and Sediment Transport

by John Southard

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This course introduces students to aspects of fluid dynamics relevant to transport and deposition of particulate sedimentary materials. Emphasis is on the structure of turbulent shear flows and the forces exerted by fluid motions on bed of loosed sediment. With fluid dynamics as background, the course deals with sediment movement as bed load and suspended load, and with the geometry, kinematics, and dynamics of ripple and dune bed forms.

Description from LibreTexts.

Publisher
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Subjects
Geosciences, Sedimentology
Licence
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0, as LibreTexts states it. Non-commercial use only.
Who can read
Teens profiles and older, judged from its title and subjects

Contents

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  1. Front Matter
  2. TitlePage
  3. InfoPage
  4. Table of Contents
  5. Licensing
  6. 1: Introduction
  7. 1.1: The Nature of Fluids
  8. 1.2: Pressure
  9. 1.3: Viscosity
  10. 1.4: Diffusion
  11. 2: Flow Past a Sphere I - Dimensional Analysis, Reynolds Numbers, and Froude Numbers
  12. 2.1: Introduction
  13. 2.2: Which Variables are Important?
  14. 2.3: Some Dimensional Reasoning and its Consequences
  15. 2.4: How to Construct Dimensionless Variables
  16. 2.5: What if You Choose the Wrong Variables?
  17. 2.6: "Dimensional Analysis"
  18. 2.7: Significance of Reynolds Numbers and Froude Numbers
  19. 3: Flow Past a Sphere II - Stokes' Law, The Bernoulli Equation, Turbulence, Boundary Layers, Flow Separation
  20. 3.1: Introduction and the Navier-Stokes Equation
  21. 3.2: Flow Past a Sphere at Low Reynolds Numbers
  22. 3.3: Inviscid Flow
  23. 3.4: The Bernoulli Equation
  24. 3.5: Turbulence
  25. 3.6: Boundary Layers
  26. 3.7: Flow Separation
  27. 3.8: Flow Past a Sphere at High Reynolds Numbers
  28. 3.9: Settling of Spheres
  29. 4: Flow in Channels
  30. 4.1: Introduction to Flow in Channels
  31. 4.2: Laminar Flow Down an Inclined Plane
  32. 4.3: Turbulent Flow in Channels - Initial Material
  33. 4.4: Turbulent Shear Stress
  34. 4.5: Structure of Turbulent Boundary Layers
  35. 4.6: Flow Resistance
  36. 4.7: Velocity Profiles
  37. 4.8: More on the Structure of Turbulent Boundary Layers- Coherent Structures in Turbulent Shear Flow
  38. 5: Open-Channel Flow
  39. 5.1: Introduction to Open-Channel Flow
  40. 5.2: Two Practical Problems
  41. 5.3: Uniform Flow
  42. 5.4: Energy in Open-Channel Flow
  43. 5.5: The Hydraulic Jump
  44. 5.6: Hydraulic Regimes of Open-Channel Flow
  45. 5.7: Gradually Varied Flow
  46. 6: Oscillatory Flow
  47. 6.1: Introduction
  48. 6.2: The Nature of Waves
  49. 6.3: Water Motions Due to Waves
  50. 6.4: Wave Boundary Layers
  51. 6.5: Combined Flow (Waves plus Current)
  52. 7: Flow in Rotating Environments
  53. 7.1: Playing on a Rotating Table
  54. 7.2: The Coriolis Effect on the Earth's Surface
  55. 7.3: The Rossby Number and Inertia Currents
  56. 7.4: The Ekman Spiral
  57. 7.5: Geostrophic Motion
  58. 7.6: Ekman Layers
  59. 7.7: Planetary Boundary Layers- The Ekman Layer, The Logarithmic Layer, and The Mixed Layer
  60. 8: Sediments, Variables, and Flumes
  61. 8.1: Introduction to Sediments, Variables, and Flumes
  62. 8.2: Hydrodynamic Perspective
  63. 8.3: Particle Motions vs. Turbulence
  64. 8.4: Observing Sediment Transport
  65. 8.5: Variables
  66. 8.6: Flumes
  67. 9: Threshold of Movement
  68. 9.1: Introduction to Threshold of Movement
  69. 9.2: Forces on Bed Particles
  70. 9.3: Balance of Forces and Dimensional Analysis
  71. 9.4: Movement Threshold
  72. 9.5: Recasting the Shields Diagram
  73. 9.6: The Effect of Density Ratio
  74. 10: Movement of Sediment by Water Flows
  75. 10.1: Introduction to the Movement of Sediment by Water Flows
  76. 10.2: The Bed, the Flow, and the Load
  77. 10.3: Transport Mode Versus Flow Intensity
  78. 10.4: Bed Load
  79. 10.5: Suspension in a Shear Flow- The Diffusional Theory of Suspension
  80. 11: Movement of Sediment by the Wind
  81. 11.1: Introduction
  82. 11.2: Saltation I
  83. 11.3: Saltation II
  84. 12: Bed Configurations Generated by Water Flows and the Wind
  85. 12.1: Introduction to Bed Configurations
  86. 12.2: Unidirectional-Flow Bed Configurations
  87. 12.3: Velocity Profiles over Ripples
  88. 12.4: Movement of Ripples and Dunes
  89. 12.5: 2D Dunes and 3D Dunes
  90. 12.6: Oscillatory-Flow and Combined-Flow Bed Configurations
  91. 12.7: Wind Ripples and Eolian Dunes
  92. 12.8: Works Cited and Reading List
  93. 13: The Sediment Transport Rate
  94. 13.1: Introduction to Sediment Transport Rates
  95. 13.2: The Sediment Load and the Sediment Transport Rate
  96. 13.3: Predicting the Sediment Transport Rate
  97. 14: Mixed-Size Sediments
  98. 14.1: Introduction
  99. 14.2: Several Consequences of Size
  100. 14.3: A Look at Some Real Data on Fractional Transport Rates, From the Flume and From the Field
  101. 14.4: Movement Threshold in Mixed-Sized Sediments
  102. 14.5: Deviations from the Condition of Equal Mobility
  103. 15: Deposition
  104. 15.1: Introduction to Deposition
  105. 15.2: Modes of Deposition
  106. 15.3: Why Deposition or Erosion?
  107. 16: Cross Stratification
  108. 16.1: Stratification and Cross Stratification
  109. 16.2: The Nature of Cross Stratification
  110. 16.3: The Basic Idea Behind Climbing-Bed-Form Cross Stratification
  111. 16.4: Important Kinds of Climbing-Bed-Form Cross Stratification
  112. 16.5: Cross Stratification Not Produced by Climbing Bed Forms
  113. 17: Planar Stratification
  114. 17.1: Introduction to Planar Stratification
  115. 17.2: The Origin of Planar Lamination in Sands and Sandstones
  116. 17.3: Planar Lamination in Fine Sediments
  117. Back Matter
  118. Index
  119. Index
  120. Glossary
  121. Detailed Licensing