Introduction to Physical Geology

by Deborah Shulman

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This text address Earth's natural environments, with emphasis on spatial characteristics, change over time, interactions between environmental components, and human-environment interactions. Physical processes, techniques, and tools by which Earth's climates, soils, vegetation, water resources, and land forms are linked into integrated global patterns. Effect of natural environments on human activities and how humans modify environments.

Description from LibreTexts.

Publisher
Chabot College
Subjects
Geosciences
Licence
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0, as LibreTexts states it. Non-commercial use only.
Who can read
Tweens profiles and older, judged from its title and subjects

Contents

LibreTexts writes equations in TeX, and here they show as TeX; the PDF has them typeset.

  1. Front Matter
  2. TitlePage
  3. InfoPage
  4. Table of Contents
  5. Licensing
  6. 1: Successful Strategies for Students
  7. 1.1: Academic Success Strategies
  8. 1.1.1: Effectively Reading College Texts
  9. 1.1.2: Taking Useful Notes
  10. 1.1.3: Study and Memory Techniques
  11. 1.1.4: Preparing for and Taking Tests
  12. 1.1.5: Case Study- Cramming
  13. 1.1.6: Chapter Summary
  14. 1.1.7: Chapter Review
  15. 1.1.8: Chapter Activity
  16. 1.1.9: References and Resources for Further Reading
  17. 2: Introduction to Geology and Earth Systems
  18. 2.1: What Is Geology?
  19. 2.2: Why Study Earth?
  20. 2.3: What Do Geologists Do?
  21. 2.4: We Study Earth Using the Scientific Method
  22. 2.5: Science Denial and Evaluating Sources
  23. 2.6: What Is A Rock?
  24. 2.7: The Rock Cycle
  25. 2.8: Introduction to Plate Tectonics
  26. 2.9: What Is the Earth System?
  27. 2.10: Chapter Summary and Key Term Check
  28. 3: Earth History
  29. 3.1: Origin of the Universe
  30. 3.2: Origin of the Solar System—The Nebular Hypothesis
  31. 3.3: Hadean Eon
  32. 3.4: Archean Eon
  33. 3.5: Proterozoic Eon
  34. 3.6: Paleozoic
  35. 3.7: Mesozoic
  36. 3.8: Cenozoic
  37. 3.9: Chapter Summary and Key Term Check
  38. 4: Earth’s Interior
  39. 4.1: Earth’s Layers- Crust, Mantle, and Core
  40. 4.2: Imaging Earth’s Interior
  41. 4.3: Earth’s Interior Heat
  42. 4.4: Earth’s Magnetic Field
  43. 4.5: Isostasy
  44. 4.6: Chapter Summary and Key Term Check
  45. 5: Plate Tectonics
  46. 5.1: Alfred Wegener’s Arguments for Plate Tectonics
  47. 5.2: Global Geological Models of the Early 20th Century
  48. 5.3: Geological Renaissance of the Mid-20th Century
  49. 5.4: Plates, Plate Motions, and Plate-Boundary Processes
  50. 5.5: Mechanisms for Plate Motion
  51. 5.6: Chapter Summary and Key Term Check
  52. 6: Minerals
  53. 6.1: Atoms
  54. 6.2: Bonding and Lattices
  55. 6.3: Mineral Groups
  56. 6.4: Silicate Minerals
  57. 6.5: How Minerals Form
  58. 6.6: Mineral Properties
  59. 6.7: Chapter Summary and Key Term Check
  60. 7: Mineral Resources
  61. 7.1: Prelude to Mineral Resources
  62. 7.2: Mining
  63. 7.3: Mineral Resources
  64. 7.4: Metal Deposits
  65. 7.5: Industrial Minerals
  66. 7.6: Diamonds
  67. 7.7: Summary
  68. 8: Igneous Rocks and Processes
  69. 8.1: Magma and How It Forms
  70. 8.2: Crystallization of Magma
  71. 8.3: Classification of Igneous Rocks
  72. 8.4: Intrusive Igneous Rocks
  73. 8.5: Chapter Summary and Key Term Check
  74. 9: Volcanism
  75. 9.1: What Is A Volcano?
  76. 9.2: Materials Produced by Volcanic Eruptions
  77. 9.3: Types of Volcanoes
  78. 9.4: Types of Volcanic Eruptions
  79. 9.5: Plate Tectonics and Volcanism
  80. 9.6: Volcanic Hazards
  81. 9.7: Monitoring Volcanoes and Predicting Eruptions
  82. 9.8: Chapter Summary and Key Term Check
  83. 10: Weathering, Sediment, and Soil
  84. 10.1: The Unique Properties of Water
  85. 10.2: Physical Weathering
  86. 10.3: Chemical Weathering
  87. 10.4: Controls on Weathering Processes and Rates
  88. 10.5: Weathering and Erosion Produce Sediments
  89. 10.6: Weathering and Soil Formation
  90. 10.7: Chapter Summary and Key Term Check
  91. 11: Erosional and Depositional Environments - Streams
  92. 11.1: Streams in the Hydrological Cycle
  93. 11.2: Channel Development and Drainage Basins
  94. 11.3: Stream Erosion and Deposition
  95. 11.4: Stream Types
  96. 11.5: Flooding
  97. 11.6: Chapter Summary and Key Term Check
  98. 12: Erosional and Depositional Environments - Glaciers
  99. 12.1: Prelude to Galciers
  100. 12.2: Types of Glaciers
  101. 12.3: Glacial Erosion
  102. 12.4: Glacial Deposits
  103. 12.5: Glaciations over Earth’s History
  104. 12.6: Chapter Summary and Key Term Check
  105. 13: Erosional and Depositional Environments - Mass Wasting
  106. 13.1: Factors That Control Slope Stability
  107. 13.2: Classification of Mass Wasting
  108. 13.3: Preventing, Delaying, Monitoring, and Mitigating Mass Wasting
  109. 13.4: Chapter Summary and Key Term Check
  110. 14: Erosional and Depositional Environments - Wind
  111. 14.1: Desert Weathering and Erosion
  112. 14.2: Desert Landforms
  113. 14.3: Chapter Summary
  114. 15: Sedimentary Rocks
  115. 15.1: Clastic Sedimentary Rocks
  116. 15.2: Chemical and Biochemical Sedimentary Rocks
  117. 15.3: Organic Sedimentary Rocks
  118. 15.4: Depositional Environments and Sedimentary Basins
  119. 15.5: Sedimentary Structures and Fossils
  120. 15.6: Groups, Formations, and Members
  121. 15.7: Chapter Summary and Key Term Check
  122. 16: Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks
  123. 16.1: Controls on Metamorphic Processes
  124. 16.2: Foliation and Rock Cleavage
  125. 16.3: Classification of Metamorphic Rocks
  126. 16.4: Types of Metamorphism and Where They Occur
  127. 16.5: Metamorphic Facies and Index Minerals
  128. 16.6: Metamorphic Hydrothermal Processes and Metasomatism
  129. 16.7: Chapter Summary and Key Term Check
  130. 17: Geological Structures and Mountain Building
  131. 17.1: Stress and Strain
  132. 17.2: Folds
  133. 17.3: Fractures, Joints, and Faults
  134. 17.4: Mountain Building
  135. 17.5: Measuring Geological Structures
  136. 17.6: Chapter Summary and Key Term Check
  137. 18: Earthquakes
  138. 18.1: What is an Earthquake?
  139. 18.2: Seismic Waves and Measuring Earthquakes
  140. 18.3: Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics
  141. 18.4: The Impacts of Earthquakes
  142. 18.5: Forecasting Earthquakes and Minimizing Impacts
  143. 18.6: Chapter Summary and Key Term Check
  144. 19: Geologic Time
  145. 19.1: Relative Dating
  146. 19.2: Absolute Dating
  147. 19.3: Fossils and Evolution
  148. 19.4: Correlation
  149. 19.5: Understanding Geological Time
  150. 19.6: Chapter Summary and Key Term Check
  151. 20: Global Energy and Climate Change
  152. 20.1: Earth's Energy Resources
  153. 20.2: Earth’s Temperature
  154. 20.3: Causes of Climate Change
  155. 20.4: Methods for Studying Past Climate
  156. 20.5: Computer Models of the Earth System
  157. 20.6: Humans in the Earth System
  158. 20.7: Welcome to the Anthropocene
  159. 20.8: Chapter Summary and Key Term Check
  160. Back Matter
  161. Index
  162. Glossary
  163. Detailed Licensing