Gemology

by The Gemology Project

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The Gemology Project is a non-profit gemstone and gem science wiki-style database for anyone interested in gemstones and gemology.

Description from LibreTexts.

Subjects
Geosciences, Geology
Licence
CC BY-NC-SA 2.5, as LibreTexts states it. Non-commercial use only.
Who can read
Tweens profiles and older, judged from its title and subjects

Contents

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  1. Front Matter
  2. TitlePage
  3. InfoPage
  4. Table of Contents
  5. Licensing
  6. 1: Introduction to Gemology
  7. 1.1: General Information on Gemology
  8. 1.2: Becoming a Gemologist
  9. 2: Origins of Minerals
  10. 2.1: Igneous (Magmatic) rocks
  11. 2.2: Sedimentary rocks
  12. 2.3: Metamorphic rocks
  13. 2.4: External Links
  14. 2.5: Luster
  15. 3: Origin Determination
  16. 3.1: Origin Determination
  17. 4: The Chemistry of Gemstones
  18. 4.1: Chemistry of Gemstones
  19. 4.2: Isomorphous Replacement
  20. 4.3: The Chemical Classification of Gems and Minerals
  21. 5: Crystallography
  22. 5.1: Crystallography
  23. 5.2: Crystal Systems
  24. 5.3: Form
  25. 5.4: Habit
  26. 5.5: Symmetry
  27. 5.6: Twinning
  28. 5.6.1: External Links
  29. 6: Cleavage
  30. 6.1: Cleavage
  31. 6.2: Parting
  32. 6.3: Fracture
  33. 6.4: External Links
  34. 7: Optical Properties of Gemstones
  35. 7.1: Optical Properties of Gemstones
  36. 7.2: Nature of Light
  37. 7.3: Reflection
  38. 7.4: Adding Arrows
  39. 7.5: Luster
  40. 7.6: Sheen
  41. 7.7: Brilliance
  42. 7.8: Polarization
  43. 7.9: Pleochroism
  44. 7.10: Color
  45. 7.11: Color Grading
  46. 7.12: Causes of Color
  47. 7.13: The Phenomenon of Color Change
  48. 7.14: Refraction
  49. 7.15: Double Refraction
  50. 7.16: Dispersion
  51. 7.17: Diffraction
  52. 7.18: Interference
  53. 7.19: Luminescence
  54. 7.20: External Links
  55. 8: Hardness
  56. 8.1: Hardness
  57. 9: Specific Gravity
  58. 9.1: Specific Gravity
  59. 10: Basic Math for Gemology
  60. 10.1: Math
  61. 11: Equipment used to Identify Gemstones
  62. 11.01: Introduction
  63. 11.02: 10x Loupe
  64. 11.03: Spectroscope
  65. 11.04: Refractometer
  66. 11.05: Polariscope
  67. 11.06: Dichroscope
  68. 11.07: Immersion Cell
  69. 11.08: Color Filters
  70. 11.09: Microscope
  71. 11.10: Hydrostatic Balance
  72. 11.11: Heavy Liquids
  73. 12: Inclusions
  74. 12.1: Inclusions
  75. 13: Gemstone Treatments and Enhancements
  76. 13.1: Gemstone Treatments
  77. 13.2: Heat Treatment
  78. 14: Synthetic Gemstones
  79. 14.1: Synthetic Gemstones
  80. 14.2: Sublimation
  81. 14.3: Skull Crucible
  82. 14.4: Flame Fusion
  83. 14.5: Synthetic Forsterite
  84. 14.6: Synthetic Moissanite
  85. 14.7: Synthetic Cubic Zirconia
  86. 14.8: Imitation Gemstones
  87. 15: Visual Optics
  88. 15.1: Visual Optics
  89. 15.2: The Hodgkinson Method
  90. 16: Gemstones
  91. 16.01: Alphabetical List by Gemstone Name
  92. 16.02: Diamond
  93. 16.03: Corundum
  94. 16.3.1: Ruby
  95. 16.3.2: Sapphire
  96. 16.04: Beryl
  97. 16.4.1: Aquamarine
  98. 16.4.2: Bixbite
  99. 16.4.3: Emerald
  100. 16.4.4: Vanadium Beryl
  101. 16.4.5: Goshenite
  102. 16.4.6: Green Beryl
  103. 16.4.7: Heliodor
  104. 16.4.8: Maxixe
  105. 16.4.9: Morganite
  106. 16.4.10: Riesling
  107. 16.4.11: True Blue
  108. 16.4.12: Pezzottaite
  109. 16.05: Quartz
  110. 16.5.1: Amethyst
  111. 16.5.2: Ametrine
  112. 16.5.3: Citrine
  113. 16.5.4: Prasiolite
  114. 16.5.5: Rock Crystal
  115. 16.5.6: Rose Quartz
  116. 16.5.7: Sunset Quartz
  117. 16.5.8: Smokey Quartz
  118. 16.06: Quartz - Polycrystalline
  119. 16.6.1: Chalcedony
  120. 16.6.1.1: Agate
  121. 16.6.1.2: Arkansas stone
  122. 16.6.1.3: Bloodstone
  123. 16.6.1.4: Carnelian
  124. 16.6.1.5: Chrysoprase
  125. 16.6.1.6: Jasper
  126. 16.6.1.7: Onyx
  127. 16.6.1.8: Sard
  128. 16.6.1.9: Sardonyx
  129. 16.6.1.10: Tigereye
  130. 16.07: Zoisite
  131. 16.7.1: Tanzanite
  132. 16.7.2: Thulite
  133. 16.08: Garnet
  134. 16.8.1: Almandine
  135. 16.8.2: Andradite
  136. 16.8.3: Grossular
  137. 16.8.4: Pyrope
  138. 16.8.5: Spessartite
  139. 16.8.6: Uvarovite
  140. 16.09: Diopside
  141. 16.9.1: Chrome Diopside
  142. 16.9.2: Tashmarine™
  143. 16.10: Feldspar
  144. 16.10.01: Amazonite
  145. 16.10.02: Andesine
  146. 16.10.03: Labradorite
  147. 16.10.04: Moonstone
  148. 16.10.05: Spectrolite
  149. 16.10.06: Sunstone
  150. 16.11: Spodumene
  151. 16.11.01: Hiddenite
  152. 16.11.02: Kunzite
  153. 16.12: Chrysoberyl
  154. 16.12.01: Alexandrite
  155. 16.13: Spinel
  156. 16.14: Tourmaline
  157. 16.14.01: Liddicoatite
  158. 16.14.02: Achroite
  159. 16.14.03: Bi-color
  160. 16.14.04: Indicolite
  161. 16.14.05: Paraiba
  162. 16.14.06: Rubellite
  163. 16.14.07: Tri-Color
  164. 16.15: Amber
  165. 16.16: Ammolite
  166. 16.17: Anatase
  167. 16.18: Andalusite
  168. 16.19: Apatite
  169. 16.20: Axinite
  170. 16.21: Azurite
  171. 16.22: Barite
  172. 16.23: Benitoite
  173. 16.24: Bowenite
  174. 16.25: Calcite
  175. 16.26: Charoite
  176. 16.27: Clinohumite
  177. 16.28: Copal
  178. 16.29: Coral
  179. 16.30: Danburite
  180. 16.31: Datolite
  181. 16.32: Diaspore
  182. 16.33: Dioptase
  183. 16.34: Ekanite
  184. 16.35: Enstatite
  185. 16.36: Fluorite
  186. 16.37: Obsidian
  187. 16.38: Goldstone
  188. 16.39: Hauyne
  189. 16.40: Hematite
  190. 16.41: Iolite
  191. 16.42: Jade
  192. 16.42.01: Jadeite
  193. 16.42.2: Nephrite
  194. 16.43: Jeremejevite
  195. 16.44: Kornerupine
  196. 16.45: Kyanite
  197. 16.46: Lapis Lazuli
  198. 16.47: Larimar
  199. 16.48: Malachite
  200. 16.49: Maw-sit-sit
  201. 16.50: Opal
  202. 16.50.01: Black Opal
  203. 16.50.02: Blue Peruvian Opal
  204. 16.50.03: Boulder Opal
  205. 16.50.04: Fire Opal
  206. 16.50.05: Pink Opal
  207. 16.51: Pearl
  208. 16.51.01: Sea of Cortez Pearl
  209. 16.51.02: Quahog
  210. 16.52: Pectolite
  211. 16.52.01: Larimar
  212. 16.53: Peridot
  213. 16.54: Phenakite
  214. 16.55: Pouretteite
  215. 16.56: Prehnite
  216. 16.57: Pyrite
  217. 16.58: Rhodochrosite
  218. 16.59: Sapphirine
  219. 16.60: Scapolite
  220. 16.61: Serendibite
  221. 16.62: Siderite
  222. 16.63: Sodalite
  223. 16.64: Hackmanite
  224. 16.65: Sphalerite
  225. 16.66: Sphene
  226. 16.67: Taaffeite
  227. 16.68: Topaz
  228. 16.69: Turquoise
  229. 16.70: Vesuvianite
  230. 16.70.01: Idocrase
  231. 16.70.02: Californite
  232. 16.71: Willemite
  233. 16.72: Zincite
  234. 16.73: Zircon
  235. 17: Lapidary Arts
  236. 17.1: Lapidary Arts
  237. 17.2: Faceting
  238. 17.3: Easy Combination Cutting MV
  239. Back Matter
  240. Index
  241. Glossary
  242. Detailed Licensing