Opening the book…
The information has been extracted verbatim from Reference 1, with some minor edits.
Added FDA arrow.
Biologics License Applications (BLA) Process (CBER)
The Biologics License Application (BLA) is a request for permission to introduce, or deliver for introduction, a biologic product into interstate commerce (21 CFR 601.2). The BLA is regulated under 21 CFR 600 – 680. A BLA is submitted by any legal person or entity who is engaged in manufacture or an applicant for a license who takes responsibility for compliance with product and establishment standards. Form 356h specifies the requirements for a BLA. This includes:
- Applicant information
- Product/Manufacturing information
- Pre-clinical studies
- Clinical studies
- Labeling
The overall process for vaccine development and approval includes:
- Research and Development
- Pre-clinical trials with non-humans
- The filing of an Investigational New Drug (IND) application with the FDA at the conclusion of pre-clinical trials requesting proceeding to in-human testing
- Pre-licensure vaccine Clinical Trials (Phases 1, 2, and 3)
- Filing a Biologics License Application (BLA) at the conclusion of Clinical Trial Phase 3 with the FDA
- Inspection of the pharmaceutical company's manufacturing facility or facilities and achieving approval
- Presenting the pharmaceutical company's findings to the FDA's Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee (VRBPAC)
- Usability testing of the vaccine product labeling.
Form 356h
On the FDA web site, one can find the instructions to fill in the form as well as the form itself.
Since the BLA is a project deliverable, let's now take a look at the actual four page form. It will provide insight into which team members need to make contributions in completing the form and listing those team members as resources in preparing the project plan.
Page 1
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Page 3
Page 4
Two of the salient items are Field 21 and Field 30 described in detail below.[3]
Field 21: Submission Type
- Original: An application for which FDA has never issued an approval letter.
- Labeling Supplement: A supplemental application for labeling changes to an approved product as described under 21 CFR 314.70 and 21 CFR 601.12 that does not otherwise qualify as another type of supplement (e.g., Efficacy, CMC, REMS).
- CMC Supplement: A supplemental application for chemistry, manufacturing, and control (CMC) changes to an approved product as described under 21 CFR 314.70, 21 CFR 314.71, 21 CFR 314.72, and 21 CFR 601.12, including CMC supplements with corresponding labeling changes.
- Efficacy Supplement: A supplemental application for changes to an approved product from among the following changes: new or modified indication; new or revised dose or dosing regimen; new route of administration; comparative efficacy claim naming another product; significant alteration in the patient population; switch of marketing status from prescription to over-the-counter use; traditional approval of a product originally approved under Subpart H (Accelerated Approval) or Subpart I (Animal Rule); labeling or manufacturing change requiring clinical data for approval.
- Annual Report: See 21 CFR 314.81(b)(2) for NDAs and 21 CFR 601.12(d) for BLAs.
- Product Correspondence: Any communication or general correspondence related to an application (e.g., routine administrative changes, donor re-entry requests, lot distribution reports, license reissuance requests, meeting requests) that is not an amendment to a pending application. Provide a description of the content or intent of the Product Correspondence in Field 27 (Reasons for the Submission).
- REMS Assessment Methodologies and Study Protocols: A submission containing information on methodological approaches and study protocols use to assess a REMS program.
- REMS Assessment Report: A submission containing information and data to support if the goal of each strategy is being met; modifications to the REMS or revisions to the REMS assessment plan are needed, including the timing of the REMS assessments; and whether the REMS is still necessary to ensure the benefits outweigh the risks of the drug.
- REMS Supplement: A supplemental application proposing a new Risk Evaluation and Mitigation strategy (REMS) or modifications (major and/or minor) to an approved REMS.
- Post Marketing Requirements or Commitments: A submission containing information related to post marketing requirements or commitments (e.g., nonclinical protocol, final study report).
- Periodic Safety Report: Periodic reports (Periodic Adverse Drug Experience Reports (PADERs)) of adverse drug or biological product experience as described under 21 CFR 314.80(c)(2), 21 CFR 314.98, and 21 CFR 600.80(c)(2), including those in Periodic Safety Update Report (PSUR) format.
- Request for Proprietary Name Review: A submission containing a request for proprietary name review.
- Human Factors (Specify Type): Select check box and specify what type of HF information is being submitted in “Specify Type” (e.g. HF Protocol, HF Study Report, Use-Related Risk Analysis, Justification for no HF Validation Study, Comparative Analysis, etc.).
- Other (specify): State the submission type if it is not one of the previous submission types listed above (e.g., formal dispute resolution request, REMS revisions). If this box is checked, provide the Reasons for the Submission in Field 27.
Field 30 (application contents)
This section contains items 1 through 20 which is a checklist that should be used to indicate the types of information contained within a particular application or submission.
- Index
- Labelling
- Summary
- Chemistry Section
- Chemistry, manufacturing, and controls information
- Samples
- Methods validation package
- Nonclinical pharmacology and toxicology section
- Human pharmacokinetics and bioavailability section
- Clinical microbiology section
- Clinical data section
- Safety update report
- Statistical section
- Case report tabulations
- Case report forms
- Patent information
- A patent certification
- Establishment description
- Debarment certification
- Field copy certification
- User Fee Cover Sheet
- Financial Disclosure information
- Other
A complete index or table of contents should immediately follow the Form FDA 356h and, if applicable, a User Fee Cover Sheet (Forms FDA 3397, 3792, or 3794). Note that the CFR references are provided for most items in order to indicate what type of information should or must be submitted in each section. For further information, the applicant may consult the guidance documents that are available from the Agency. Please note, selecting Field 30, item 15 indicates the complete Biological Products establishment description is included at Field 28.
References
- FDA BLA Application process. Information downloaded January 7, 2026.
- FDA Forms BLA. Information downloaded January 7, 2026.
- INSTRUCTIONS FOR FILLING OUT FORM FDA 356h – APPLICATION TO MARKET A NEW OR ABBREVIATED NEW DRUG OR BIOLOGIC FOR HUMAN USE, FORM FDA 356h SUPPLEMENT (05/23) – INSTRUCTIONS, FDA 356h instructions. Accessed January 7, 2026.
- Food and Drug Administration, FDA Vaccine Approval Process arrow (for the Illustration of the Vaccine Approval Process.)
2.10: Biologics License Application (BLA) is shared under a CC BY 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts.
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