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5.7: Critical Thinking

Principles of Data Science · LibreTexts

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    From LibreTexts, under CC BY 4.0, as the source states it; its equations are written in TeX, which the PDF shows typeset. This page at LibreTexts.

    1 .
    a.
    What characteristics define a time series?
    b.
    Which of the following are examples of time series data?
    1. The vital statistics of a cancer patient taken right before a major surgery
    2. The monthly expenses of a small company recorded over a period of five years
    3. Daily temperature, rainfall, humidity, and wind speeds measured at a particular location over a few months
    4. Student final grades in all sections of a course at a university
    2 .
    Consider the graph in the figure as shown below.
    a.
    Is the trend curve generally increasing, decreasing, or staying level over the entire time period?
    b.
    The data set USATemps1961-2023.csv contains the time series from which the graph was created. Find the moving average trendline with period 10 for the data.
    Line graph titled “Temperature deviation from baseline in the United States (in degrees Celsius).” The graph shows fluctuations of a value over time. Y-axis ranges from -1 to 2.5, x-axis from 1961 to 2021. The line exhibits a generally upward trend with significant peaks and troughs.
    Table 5.8 Measures of Error
    a.
    Identify the most accurate model based only on:
    1. MAE
    2. RMSE
    3. MAPE
    b.
    Which model is likely to produce the least accurate forecasts overall, and why?
    c.
    Which model is likely to produce the most accurate forecasts overall, and why?

    This page titled 5.7: Critical Thinking was last modified on Tue, 22 Apr 2025 08:11:42 GMT and is shared under a CC BY 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by OpenStax via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform.